IvIBRARY OF THE , University of California. GIKT OF" Mrs. SARAH P. WALSWORTH. Received October, 1894. Accessions No.S^dOh^ Class No. e,^' \ Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2008 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.arcliive.org/details/essaytowardseasyOOjolinricli AN ESSAY TOWARDS AN EASY, PLAIN, PRACTICAL, AND EXTENSIVE EXPLICATION ASSEMBLY'S SHORTER CATECHISM. By JOHN BROWN, I.ATK BflNISTEB OF THK GOSPEL AT HADDINGTON NEW-YORK: ROBERT CARTER, 58 CANAL-STREET. PITTSBURG: 56 MARKET-STREET. 1846. sytjoC CONTENTS. Preface, ' ' " !! An Address to the Young Readers, vii Of Man's Chief End, - - 13 Of the Scriptures, 1"^ Of God's Nature and Attributes, - - ... JJg^ Of God's Unity, ^^ Of the Trinity, ^^ Of God's Decrees, ^ Of the Creation of all things, 52 Of Man's Creation, - - " -^^- Of God's Providence, ^^ Of the Covenant of Works, 61 Of Adam's Fall, 67 Of Sin in general, 68 Of Adam's First Sin, 70 Of our Fall in Adam, ^"2 Of Man's Fallen Estate, -JL^ Of Man's Sinfulness, ^ Of Man's Miseiy, - - -- - - • " -^ Of the Covenant of Grace, 87 Of Christ's Person and Incarnation, 98 Of Christ's Offices, 106 Of Christ as a Prophet, H^ Of Christ's Priesthood, 112 Of Christ's Kingly Office, 120 Of Christ's Humiliation, 125 Of Christ's Exaltation, - - 130 Of Redemption applied, 1^9 Of Union to Christ, - 1^*1 Of Effectual Calling, 144 Of Saints Privileges, 155 Of Justification, '56 Of Adoption, 162 Of Sanctification, 165 Of Assurance of Peace, &c. 1''0 Of Benefits at Death, 176 Of Benefits at Resurrection, '' ^ Of Man's Duty, 1^4 IV CONTENTS. Of God's Law, 185 Of the sum of God's Law, ---.._. 194 Of the Preface to it, _. 196 Of the First Command, --.-_.. 199 Of the Second Command, _ -210 Of the Third Command, - - - - - - . 221 Of the Fourth Command, - 228 Of the Fifth Command, 237 Of the Sixth Command, 244 Of the Seventh Command, -----_. 250 Of the Eighth Command, -.-.... 254 Of the Ninth Command, - - 2G6 Of the Tenth Command, - _ 273 Of breaking God's Law, .__-_._ 279 Of sin's heinousness, - - - - . - -281 Of Means of Salvation, ---.-._ 286 Of Faith in Jesus Christ, -----.. 288 Of Repentance unto Life, -----_. 295 Of Outward Means, &c., -----.. 300 Of the Use of God's Word, 303 Of Reading and Hearing it, 301 Of a Sacrament, - - - - _ . _ 303 Of the Sacraments of the New Testament, - - - _ 312 Of Baptism, -----.._. 313 Of the Subjects of Baptism, 3IG Of the Lord's Supper, -..-.. 320 Of Worthy Communicating, ----.._ 307 Of Prayer, 333 Of Direction in Prayer, 340 Of the Preface to the Lord's Prayer, 343 Of the First Petition, -- 345 Of the Second Petition, 345 Of the Third Petition, 343 Of the Fourth Petition, 349 Of the Fifth Petition, 35O Of the Sixth Petition, 352 Of the Conclusion of the Lord's Prayer, 355 PREFACE To manifest the importance, fulness, and order of tliat system of divinity laid down in the Assembly's Shorter Catechism, it is observable, that it contains, I. The Great END of all Religion, Quest 1. IL The unerring STANDARD of it, Quest. 2. III. The SUM and principal PARTS of it. Quest. 3, which are three, (1.) The Doctrinal part, Q. 4.-38. (2.) The Practical part, 39. — 81. (3.) The Applica- tion of both conjunctly, 82. — 107. First, The DOCTRINAL part, which describes what we are to believe concern- ing God and 3Ian. let, Concerning GOD ; wherein view, — (1.) The perfections of his nature, 4, 5. — (2.) The PERSONS in his essence, 6. — (3.) The purposes of his will, 7. — (4.) The productions of his power, 8. in [1]. The work of creation, 9. [2]. The work of providence, 11. 2d, Concerning MAN ; in (1.) His state of Innocency : which consisted in his [1.] Likeness to God, 10. [2.] Covenant alliance with God, 12. — (2.) His fallen STATE, in [1.] Its sinful cause, 13 ; where we have the nature of sin in general, 14. and the particular sin by which man fell, 15. [2.] Its extent over all mankind by that sin, 16. [3.] Its fearful ingredients, 17. of sinfulness, 18, and misery, 19. — [3.] His STATE of salvation ; In which is represented, [1.] Its causes and means, the electing and covenanting love of God the Father, 20. — the redeeming GRACE of the Son, manifested in his incarnation, 21, 22. officks of prophet, priest, and king, 23 to 26. and states of humiliation and exaltation, 27,28 ; — and the applying WORK of the Holy Ghost, 29, 30. [2.] The blessings thereof; as union to Christ in effectual calling, 30, 31. justification, adoption, sanctification, and their attendant comforts, 32 to 36; a happy death, 37 ; and complete and ever- lasting glory, 38. Second, The PRACTICAL part ; which represents our duty in (1.) Its nature, 39. — (2.) Its RULE, 40, 41. (3.) Its substance, 42.— (4.) The reasons of and obliga- tions to it, 43, 44. — (5.) Its particular parts and branches, viz. — [1.] duty to God ; with respect to the nature and object of worship, command 1st, Q. 45 — 48. the ordinances of worship, command 2d, Q. 49 — 52; manner of worship, command 3d, Q. 53 — 56 ; and times of worship, command 4th, Q. 57 — 62. — [2.] duty to Man ; respecting our own and our neighbour's relations, command 5th, Q. C3 — 66 ; life, command 6th, Q. 67, 68, 69 ; chastity, command 7th, Q. 70, 71, 72 ; civil proper- ty, command 8th, Q. 73, 74, 75 ; reputation, command 9th, Q, 76, 77, 78 ; content- ment and charitableness, command 10th, Q, 79, 80, 81. Third, The APPLICATION; serving, (I.) For conviction of our weakncsa, and of the number, aggravations and desert of our sins, Q. 82, 83, 84. (2.) For di- rection, how to receive and improve the redemption prepared for us in Christ, Q. 85; by faith, Q. 86 ; by repentance unto life, Q. 87 ; by a diligent use of God's instituted means of salvation, Q. 88 ; especially, [1.] His word, Q. 89, 90. ; [2.] Sa. cr.\mknt3 ; whose efficacy, nature, number, and different forms of baptism and VI ADVERTISEMENT. Lord's supper, and the proper subjects of which, are represented, Q,. 91 — 97. [3.] Pkaykr ; the nature, and rule of which, particularly the Lord's prayer in its pre- face, petitions, relative to God's glory and our happiness, and its conclusion are ex- plained, Q. 9^—107. ADVERTISEMENT In order to avoid repetitions, and render the following Explication at once low priced, abundant in matter, as well as practical, plain, and brief in its answers ; some more important questions of the Shorter Catechism are more largely handled ; while others, especially toward the end, are more briefly reviewed, their subject- matter being considered under some other head. It is therefore hoped, the reader will compare Quest. 9. 11. 46. 54, 45, with Q. 4.— Quest. 31, with Q. 14 to 28.— Quest. 33. with Q. 14. 18, 19, 20. 25.— Quest. 35, with Q. 46 to 81.— Quest. 50, with Q. 26. 54, 55. 88. 102.— Quest. 84, with Q. 14. 19.— Quest. 86, 87, with Q. 18. 31. 35, &c. The author has been at no small pains to correct, enlarge, and improve this new Edition of his Catechism, particularly by adding a great number of Scripture Texts, in order more clearly to elucidate and confirm the different points of doctrine ad- vanced therein. AN ADDRESS TO THE YOUNG READERS OF THIS CATECHISM. Mr dear young Ones, fbr whom my heart's desire and prayer to God is, that ye may be saved ; Let me beseech you, while you read this, and especially while you read your Bible, or hear the precious truths contained in it preached to you, to ' hearken and hear for the time, for the eternity to come.' Now, now, in the most proper season of it, ' get wisdom as the principal thing ;' and ' with all ' your * get- ting, get understanding' of the important, the infinitely important, concerns of your salvation. What! 'know ye not your own selves?' — For the Lord's sake, seriously think what souls ye have; immortal souls; — souls, one of which is inconceivably more worth than ten thousand worlds ; — souls which are capable of enjoying an infinite God as their everlasting all in all ; — souls which shall, which must, ere long, en* ter into an eternal state of inconceivable misery or happiness. — Alas ! my young Friends, must souls formed by God himself — souls endowed with an understanding and will — souls formed to live for ever — souls formed for the everlasting and imme- diate service and enjoyment of God; must souls which, by the mercy of God havo been solemnly devoted to him in baptismal and other covenant engagements — souls, upon which parents, masters, and ministers, have bestowed so many prayers, in- structions, and exhortations — souls, upon which God himself hath bestowed such instruction, warning, terrible alarms, and engaging allurements, and such striving of his Spirit, — be lost, for ever lost,— for ever damned, by you who possess them, in order to obtain some trifling, some carnal, some filthy, some pernicious gratifi* cation, that perhaps a beast would contemn ? ^ O think, as before God, what state you are in, while ye remain careless and un- converted. — Being ' without Christ,' and ' strangers to the covenant of promise,' ye are altogether ' guilty before God, alienated from the life of God,' and enemies to him ; cursed and condemned by God, because ye have not believed in his only be- gotten Son, — having no holiness • no hope,' and ' without God, in the world.' — Being •children of the devil,' your heart is 'filled with all unrighteousness, pride, debate, deceit, malignity,' hatred of God — is full of all ignorance, unbelief, ' subtlety and mischief.' It is 'deceitful, above all things, and desperately wicked.' Its 'carnal mind is enmity against God,' and ' is not subject to his law, neither indeed can be.' It is infected with every defiling, every ruinous, every damning plague ; replenish- ed with every sinful lust, in the reigning power of it, and inhabited by legions of devils, ready to tempt you to every thing wicked. — Out of it, as permitted by God, have, in all the past hours of your life, ' proceeded evil thoughts, murders, adulte- ries, fornications, thefts, false witness, idolatries, blasphemies.' Ye have lived 'after the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, who work- eth in' you as 'children of disobedience.' Ye have hitherto ' been foolish and dis- obedient, deceived, serving divers lusts and pleasures ; living in malice and envy, 8 AN ADDRESS TO THE hateful and hating one another ;'— speaking and doing ' evil things as ye could.*— And, ah! what innumerable, what dreadful curses of Almighty God are inseparably annexed to all your sinful dispositions, thoughts, words, and actions I Alas ! how those render all things, Christ and his Gospel not excepted, the ' savour of death unto death ' unto you ! — Dreadful thought ! Eternal destruction is ready at your side. ' God is angry with you every day ;' his ' wrath abideth' on you ; his ' sword is drawn' and his ' bow bent,' and his ' arrows set' to destroy you. — A sound of your approaching damnation roars aloud, had you ears to hear it, in every threatening of his word. Even while you hear this sentence, hell stands open to receive you, and devils stand ready to drag you into everlasting fire. Why then are you not afraid to think another careless thought ? Why not afraid to shut your eyes, even in necessary sleep, lest you should open them in hell ? My dear children, O think, with grief, with shame, with trembling, think, with perseverance and deep concern, think how criminal and heinous before the Lord, are the sins of your youth, which ye look upon as mere trifles, as mere gaiety and sport. They are the accursed product of your inward, your original, and increased ignorance, pride, deceit, folly, filthiness, and enmity against God. — They are a most treacherous rebellion against his law, which is 'holy, just, and good.' — They are committed against his authority over you, and against ail his warnings, counsels, promises, threatenings, mercies, and judgments. — They are ungratefully committed against all his peculiar favours in preserving and providing for you, while you could not help yourselves. — They are committed against all his peculiar calls, invi- tations, promises, and encouragements, to young ones. — They are a most base pros- titution of the excellent talents, amiableness, and vigour, with which he hath en- dowed you in your youth. — They are a most perverse abuse of that peculiarly pre- cious season of life, in which you ought to prepare for future usefulness and happi- ness. — They mightily increase and strengthen the original habits of corruption in you, and form in you many base acquired habits of vanity and lust They fear- fully pervert the use of your tender affections, in opposition to God and his ways. — They are committed upon small and trifling temptations. — They strongly entice others around you to sin, or harden them in it — -They fling reproach upon God, your Maker, Preserver, and Saviour, as if he, his promises, laws, mercies, and judg- mcnts, were unworthy of your early regard, and did encourage you in sin. — They defame your parents, masters, and ministers, as if they had agreed to train you up for the devil. — They draw down reproach on yourselves, which ye must bear, either in deep convictions, or in everlasting punishment. — They deprive you of the most pleasant and profitable fellowship with God. — They forfeit for you the pre- cious promises of long life and prosperity. — They expose you to fearful judgments in this life, and to the 'damnation of hell' in the next. — Are these light matters? will you reckon them such in the agonies of death, at the tribunal of Christ, or amidst the flames of hell ? Alas ! why do ye, by your unconcern, your folly, your wickedness, take such pains, such early pains, to fit yourselves to be fuel for that 'everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels !' If God grant you repentance, how it will sting you to recollect what earnest offers, what eminent opportunities of receiving his grace, ye have contemned, neglected and abused ; what infinite kindness, con- descension, and love, ye have trampled under your feet ; what fellowship with Christ, and his Father, and blessed Spirit, yo have despised and refused ; what ravishing views of his glory, and of all the perfections of God in him, as manifested, and to be for ever manifested in your eternal salvation ; what delightful tasting of his goodness, and what enriching reception of his fulness, you have rejected, for the Bake of the meanest or the filthiest pleasure or profit on earth, which will entail YOUNG READERS OP THIS CATECHISM. 9 grief and shamo on you while you live, and draw multitudes, all around you, to hell before and after your death I If, provoked with your pereevcranco in folly and guilt, God give you up to your own heart's lusts, alas 1 how your wickedness will rob him and hia Christ of his property in our land and nation, and consign your- selves, your companions, and posterity, nay, even the church and nation, the whole management of which will quickly be in the hands of tJie rising generation,— for who knows how long,— into the power of the devil, and the hand of an angry God 1 My dear young ones, ' know ye the God of your fathers,'— the God who preserv- ed, who guided, who blessed, who saved many of your fathers,— the God to whom your fathers dedicated you, and whom they have recommended to you,— the God who, in your fathers, took you into covenant with himself, — the God, ' whom to know is life eternal, and this life is in his Son.'— We tell you, our posterity, that ' tiis God is our God for ever,' and he ' will be our guide even unto death.'— We never found him a barren wilderness, nor a laud of drought.— We have found infi. nitely more satisfaction in this God, as our God, given by himself to us, in his word, than could balance all the pleasures, all the wealth, all the honour of ten thousand worlds. — These words, thy God, and my God, have been 'found' by us, and we have ' eaten them,' and they have been to us the 'joy and rejoicing of our heart.' There is none like the God of Jeshurun, who pardoneth iniquity, transgression, and sin, and who ' delighteth in mercy.' O how our hearts are ravished, when we think how ' this God,' this ' fountain of living waters,' shall be our eternal all in ALL, the strength of our heart and portion for ever. If even on this sinful, this wretched earth, wisdom's ways be such ways of pleasantness, what must it be for ever to enter to the joy of our Lord ! ' We shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is.' O ' come, taste and see th»tt our God is good,' and that they who trust in him are blessed. O ' consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus.' Come, behold our Surety, our Saviour, our Husband, whom our soul lov- eth, our King, ' meet and lowly,' bringing salvation. Behold our God-man, ' white and ruddy, the chief among ten thousand ; fair, yea pleasant, most sweet,* and ' alto- gether lovely.* This is our Beloved, our Friend, our Mediator, our God, O ye ' sons and daughters of Jerusalem.' — Looking off all the vanities of creation, con- sider him in his unparalleled person, the only begotten Son of God in our nature ; in his saving offices, his endearing relations, his incomparable excellences, services, sufferings, and glories; his unbounded fulness of grace and truth, and every good thing proper to be bestowed on us in time and eternity, and then tell us what ye think of our Christ. Alas ! my dear boys and girls, Do you believe that there is a God, who made you, who gave you a law for your heart and life, and who will quickly call you to an account of every thought, word, and deed, — and never think of, never tremble at the view of your appearance before his tribunal, or of your lying for ever under his infinite wrath ? Have ye not seen, tasted, and felt, ' that God is good V Have ye not heard, have ye not known, what he hath done lor the eternal salvation of sinful men? and will ye render him contempt and hatred for all his bounty and love? — Have you a natural principle of regard to your own preservation and wel- fare, — and yet will ye counteract it, by a malicious and obstinate refusal of our infinitely lovely Lord Jesus, and all his everlasting righteousness, mercy and grace 1 — Hath God implanted in your breast a tender compassion towards the very beasts that perish, — and yet will ye be so inhumanly cruel as to break the hearts of your godly parents, masters, ministers, or neighbours, — and, if possible, break the heart of our infinitely gracious Redeemer, and his Father and blessed Spirit, by your crucifying him afresh, trampling his covenant and blood under your feet, and mur- dering your own soul ? — Alas ! will you employ your vigorous minds in thinking on, m^ usefulness for you 1 — Why indulge sucBlpBltwl^ the grace of God ?— Why encourage aticL ,||U<|mqjl^i hardness of heart ? — Why cherish sucti tilUipf ( i a —to the perishing pleasures and profit') Mpina malice and enmity against Jesus Christ ' make light of,' and 'neglect' his infini tion.' — Oh ! that you but felt ' the word two-edged sword, piercing oven to the joints and marrow, as ' a discerner of the that ye but knew the infinite sinfulness everlasting misery which awaits you !— tory and infallible declarations of the al of your state and nature, that, ' Except dren, ye shall not enter into the kingdo he cannot see the kingdom of God : — E! enter into the kingdom of God: — If creature : all old things are passed away Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircui ture.' Without holiness, 'no man sha again * by God, ' to lively hope, by the r again of incorruptible seed, by the woi with his deceitful lusts, and putting on in ' knowledge, righteousness,' and • truiJ Bire the sincere milk of the word, th it have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of youth, while your faculties are fresh tender and lively, — while your lusts art and your worldly cares less embarrassi redeeming lore, which ye so unthinking! grace, which ye so wickedly despite ; al which ye so madly resist !— O that ye but" knew~tRe ' riches of the glory ^ pel, which is Christ in you the hope of glory !'— that ye but apprehended, with all saints, ' what is the breadth, and length, and depth, and height,' and knew the power and the ' love of Christ, which passeth knowledge, that ye might be filled with all the fulness of God.' O think ! with astonishment think, what kind of preparations God hath made for e gos- YOUNG READERS OF THIS CATECHISM. 11 your everlasting salvation ; — how he ' so loved the world, that he gave his oniy-be- ffotten Son, that whosoever believeth on him shall not perish, but have everlasting life ! — how he set him ' up from everlasting,' as our Surety, who engaged his heart to approach to the Lord, and delight to do his will in ransoming and saving us, — how, in his incarnation, he brought him into this world 'in the likeness of sinful flesh,' the ' man ' his ' fellow,' — and our ' near kinsman and brother, born for adver- sity !' — how he 'made him under the law,' and exacted from him all the infinite debt of obedience and suffering due from us 1 — ' that he might redeem us that were under the law 1' — how ' he made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin, that we,' who knew nothing but sin, ' might be made the righteousness of God in himl' — how he made him ' a curse for us,' that we men, wo Gentiles, might be ' blessed in him with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places !' — how he put him to grief — to death —for us, that we might live through him, in the joy of the Lord 1— how he ' deliv- ered ' him ' for our offences,' and ' raised' him ' again for our justification ;' — ' Gave him glory' for himself and unbounded fulness of gifts, 'for men, yea, for the rebel- lious, that our faith and hope might be in God I' — and how he hath made, and in his gospel, and its influence, maketh him to us. ' wisdom, and righteousness, and sanc« tification, and redemption!'— And, O think with application think— with what infi- nite candour, and compassionate earnestness, Jehovah, Son, and Holy Ghost, by all his words, declarations, invitations, commands, promises, and threatenings ; — ^by all his works, as therewith connected ; — by all his mercies and judgments ; — by all his ordinances and ministers ; — by all your needs in time and eternity ; — by all your desires — and by all your vows and engagements; — calls, beseecheth, intreats, ob- tests, and expostulates with you, to receive himself, and all his full and everlasting salvation, offered to you in the gospel, ' freely, without money and without price !' Alas ! my dear young men and women, why are you so prone to hunt after, listen to, and comply with every temptation of Satan, your destroyer ; — every en- ticement of your vain companions : — every su<,'gestion of your foolish and wicked heart, — to your temporal and eternal ruin : — and yet so deaf, so averse to, and ob- Btinate against the most earnest entreaties of the great God, your Saviour? — Do they love you more ; or have they, or will they, or can they do more, for your everlasting welfare, than he 1 — Why, by your ready compliance with every thing ruinous — and by your obstinate resistance of all attempts to promote your truo holiness and happiness, — do you labour to pull down everlasting destruction upon your own heads ? — Why thus labour to extract your most dreadful ruin from all the perfections of a gracious God ; — from all the persons of the Godhead ; — from all his purposes, covenants, words, and works ; — and from all persons, and their actions, with whom you are connected, or do converse? Nay, my beloved children, whom I wish for my ' joy and crown in t ;e day of t le Lord.' — When so much of the best of your time is already spent in vanity and wrath; — when death, judgment, and eternity hasten to meet you; — when your judgment now of a long time ' lingereth not,' your ' damnation slumbereth not ;' — why should you delay your deepest concern, about your eternal salvation, one mo- ment more ? — Why defer coming to an infinitely gracious Redeemer, — to the ' Lord God merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodnesf and truth, keeping mercy forthousands, and forgiving iniquity transgression, and sin ?' — Why delay, when called ' from darkness ' to God's • marvellous light;' called to receive ' redemption through Jesus' blood ;— to receive out of his fulness and grace for grace;— called to the fellowship of God'sSon;' — called to be 'heirs of God, and joint heirs with Christ ?' — Why lose another year, another month, another hour, an- other moment, without the enjoyment, the infinitely sweet enjoyment, of God in Christ, as your Father, Husband, Friend, and Portion » Why hide yourselve* 12 AN ADDRESS TO THE YOUNG READERS, ETC. ' among the stuff ' of vain or earthly cares, when a ' kingdom which cannot be moved,' is offered unto you ? — Why, to render your eternal damnation more cer- tain, and more dreadful, every moment, and your way of escape more difficult, — should you remain among devils, and carnal companions, and filthy lusts, when Jesus is lifting up his voice and crying, ' Whosoever will let him come unto me. — Come unto me all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Him that cometh unto me I will in no wise cast out. — Arise my love, my polluted one, and come away. Come with mo from Lebanon, with me from Lebanon. — Come ye to the waters ; yea, come, buy wine and milk, without money and without price. Incline your ear, and come unto me ; hear, and your soul shall live : and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure mercies of David.' Eat ye ' that which is good,' and let your soul delight itself ' in fatness. Behold I stand at the door * of thine heart, ' and knock : Open to rae, my sister, my love, my ' defded ; ' for my head is filled with the dew, and my locks with the drops of the night.' When you hasten from storms, from trouble, from outward danger, why not make haste to Jesus, the refuge, the hope, set before you?— When he saith, 'To-day if ye will hear my voice,' harden not 'your hearts; now is the accepted time; now is the day of salvation ;' why should you say. To-morrow ? When he waits to be gracious, and exalteth himself to ' shew mercy,' — why tire out his pa- tience till he ' shut up all his tender mercies in his wrath ?' Is ' it a small thing for you to weary men,' — weary parents, and ministers ? ' But will ye weary my God also?' Lord Jesus, make haste to convince, to convert, to save, the rising generation in Britain. They perish — they perish ! O Redeemer, make no tarrying. Now be an accepted time ; now be a day of salvation. Save now, O Lord, we beseech thee ; eend now prosperity. CATECHISM. Q.UEST. I. What is the chief end of man ? Answ. Man's chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy him for ever. Q. What do you mean by that end which all men pro- pose in their actions 1 — A. That which they seek to obtain in and by their actions. Q. What ought man to make his chief or highest end 1 — A. The glorifying and enjoying of God, Rom. ix. 36. Q. Why ought man to make the glory of God his chief end '\ — A. Because it was God's chief end in making, pre- serving, and redeeming man, Prov. xvi. 4. Q. May man have no otiier end in any of his actions 1 — A. Yes ; but it must be a subordinate end, which tends to obtain the chief end, 1 Cor. x. 31. Q. What may be some of men's subordinate ends? — A. To provide food and raiment, and procure health, peace, hberty, and safety to themselves or others. Q. How many parts doth man's chief end consist of? — A. Two ; his chief duty, which is to glorify God ; and liis chief happiness, which is to enjoy God. Q. How is the glory of God usually distinguished ? — ^A. Into his essential and declarative glory. Q. What is the essential glory of God? — A. That which he is and hath in himself, Exod. xiii. 14. Q. What is God's declarative glory ? — A. The shewing forth of his glory in and by his creatures, Isa. v, 16. Q. Can we add any thing to that glory which God hath in himself? — A. No ; for it is infinite. Job xi. 7. Q. How then do creatures glorify God ? — A. ^y shew- ing forth or declaring that he is glorious. Q. How do beasts and lifeless creatures glorify God ? — A. God shews forth his glory in and by them. Q. How do devils and wicked men glorify God ? — ^A. Not willingly ; but God over-rules their works, however sinful, to his own glory. Psalm Ixxvi. 10. Q. How ought angels and men to glorify God ? — A. By 2 14 OF MAN^S CHIEF END. doing all things with a view to shew forth and declare his glory, Psalm xcvi. 7, and cvii. 8, 15, 21. Q. With what ought we to glorify God 1 — A. With our hearts, lips, and lives, Psalm ciii. 1. Q. How should we glorify God with our hearts 1 — A. By knowing, trusting in, loving, admiring, adoring, and remem- bering him, 1 Chron. xxivii. 9, Psalm ciii. 1. Q. How should we glorify him with our lipsl — A. By praying to, praising, and commending him. How should we glorify him with our lives? — A. By doing every thing which he commands out of love to him, Deut. X. 12, Matth. xvii. 37, 38. Q. How did Adam in innocency glorify God ? — ^A. By giving perfect obedience to his law, Eccl. vii. 29. Q. Do men still answer their chief end in glorifying God 1 — A. No ; All men have sinned, and come short of the glory of God, Rom. iii. 9 — 23. Q. Hath God then lost his end in making man 1 — A. No ; he will glorify his justice in damning some men, and his mercy in saving others, Rom. ix. 22, 23. Q. Who hath most eminently glorified God ] — ^A. Christ. Q. Where hath Christ glorified God 1 — A. Both on earth and in heaven, Heb. i. 3. Q. How did Christ glorify God on earth "? — A. By obey- ing his law, and suflfering his wrath, in the room of elect sinners, John xvii. 4, Matth. xx. 28. Q. How doth Christ glorify God in heaven 1 — A. By pleading for his elect, and sending his Spirit to apply his purchased redemption to them, John xiv. 16, 17. Q. When doth a sinner begin to glorify God aright 1 — A. When he first believetli in Christ, 1 John v. 10. Q. How doth faith or believing glorify God 1 — A. It credits his word, unites us to Christ, and so makes us fi-uit- ful in good works, Rom. v. 20, John xv. 5. Q. What is a good work "? — A. A work commanded by God's law, performed in his strength, from a love to, and with a view of glorifying him. Q. Doth faith make us glorify God in all our works 1 — A. Yes ; 1 Cor. x. 31, Psalm cxv. 1, 2, Rom. xiv. 8. Q. How doth faith make us glorify God in our natural actions, as eating or drinking, ifec. 1 — A. By making us seek and receive a covenant-right to, and thank God for our food and raiment ; and use them to fit our bodies for the service of God, Rom. viii. 32, Deut. viii. 10. 15 Q. How doth faith make us glorify God in our civil bu- siness ? — A. By making us diligent in our trades and call- ings, from a regard to God's command ; and causing us to use the gains of them to his glory, Isa. xxiii. 18. Q. How doth faith make us glorify God in religious ser- vices ? — A. It makes us perform them in the strength of Christ's Spirit, and look for acceptance of them only through his merit and intercession, 1 Peter ii. 5. Q. What should we aim at next to the glorifying of God 1 — A. The enjoying of him. Psalm xliii. 4. Q. What is meant by the enjoying of God ? — A. The receiving, Uving on, and rejoicing in him as our portion, Psalm xvi. 5, 6, Isa. Ix. 19, 20. Q. Why should we seek to enjoy God 1 — A. Because he only is a suitable and sufficient person for our souls, Hab. iii. 17, 18, Psalm cxlii. 4, 5, Ixxiii. 25, 26. Q. Why cannot the riches, honours, and pleasures of this world be a satisfying portion to our souls 1 — A. Because they are vain and empty, unsuited to the spiritual nature, and disproportionate to the boundless desires of our immor- tal souls, Matth. xvi. 26, Psalm Ixxiii. 25. Q. How did Adam in innocency enjoy God ? — A. By perfect friendship and fellowship. But sin quickly broke up that, Isa. lix. 2, Rom. v. 11, Gen. iii. Q. What do all men now by nature enjoy instead of God 1 — A. Sin, Satan, and the world, 1 John ii. 16. Q. How do they enjoy these 1 — A. They have sin as their pleasure, Satan as their prince and father, and the world as their portion, Heb. xi. 25, John viii. 44. Q. Can we enjoy God in our natural estate 1 — A. No ; for what communion hath light with darkness, or Christ with Belial? 2 Cor. vi. 14, 15. Q. Is there any way to recover the lost enjoyment of God 1 — A. Yes, by Christ alone. Acts iv. 12, Eph. ii. 18. Q. When doth a sinner first begin to enjoy God 1 — A. When he first receives Christ, and rests on him. Q. In what means and ordinances is God to be enjoyed? — A. In prayer, reading or hearing God's word, medita- tion, fasting, receiving the sacraments, &c. Q. Do the saints often enjoy God in these ordinances? — A. Yes ; for these are their great delight, and tliey are much engaged in them, Psalm xxvii. 4, and Ixxxiv. 10. Q. What satisfaction doth a soul find in the enjoyment 16 of God ? — A. Unspeakably more than in the abundance of all worldly good things, Psalm iv. 6 — 8. Q. Where and when do the saints enjoy God 1 — A. On earth in this life, and in heaven hereafter. Q. How is God enjoyed in this life on earth 1 — A. By our receiving the influences of his grace, and having his love shed abroad in our hearts, 1 John i. 3. 7. Q. How is God enjoyed in heaven ? — A. By our being ever with him, and receiving that fulness of joy which is at his right hand, Psalm xvi. 11, and xvii. 15. Q. Wherein doth the enjoyment of God on earth, and that in heaven agree 1 — A. It is the same God who is en- joyed ; and the enjoyment of him here as truly humbles and satisfies the heart, as that in heaven. Q. In what do they differ 1 — A. In the manner and mea- sure of enjoyment. Q. How do they differ in the manner of enjoyment ? — A. Here God often hides himself, and we enjoy him through means and ordinances as through a glass darkly ; but in heaven we will enjoy him uninterruptedly and immediately, '^ and see him face to face, 1 Cor. xiii. 12. Q. How do they differ in the measure of enjoyment?— A. Here we enjoy God only in part ; but hereafter we shall enjoy him fully, 1 Cor. xiii. 12, 1 John iii. 2. Q. Shall the saints in heaven receive into their souls all the infinite fulness and sweetness that is in God "? — A. No ; but their finite souls shall be filled with as much of it as they can hold, Eph. iii. 19, Psalm xvii. 15. Q. What is the sure pledge and earnest of our enjoying God in heaven 1 — A. Our enjoyment of him here. Psalm Ixxiii. 24. 26. Q. Why is the glorifying of God placed before the en- joyment of him 1 — A. Because the glory of God is of more value than our happiness, Isa. xl. 17. Q. Whether is our glorifying or enjoying of God first in order 1 — A. We must first enjoy God in his gracious influ- ences, and then glorify him ; and this leads on to further enjoyment of him. Psalm cxix. 32. Q,. Is our delight in the glory or glorious excellencies of God as satisfying to us, to be our chief end or motive in our actions, religious or moral? — A. No ; but our shewing forth the honour of these glorious excellencies, Isa. ii. 11, Psal. xvi. 4, Isa. xliii. 21. Q. Why may we not make our own delight in the glory OP THE SCRIPTURES. Xf of God as satisfying to our desires, our chief end and mo- tive ? — A. Because this would be a setting up of our own happiness above the glory of God. Q. Who alone may expect to enjoy God in heaven 1 — A. Only such as glorify him on earth, Heb. xii. 14. Q. Why are the glorifying and enjoying of God joined as one chief end ? — A. Because none can obtain or rightly seek the one without the other, 1 Cor. xv. 58. Q. How do we most highly glorify God 1 — A. By re- ceiving and enjoying him most fully. Q. What chiefly secures our enjoyment of God ? — A. The concern of the glory of God in it. Q. How is the glory of God concerned in our enjoy- ment of him 1 — A. All his attributes are in Christ engaged for our enjoyment of him ; .and their glory shines brightly in fulfilling ihese engagements, Isa. xxx. 18. Q. How long shall the saints glorify and enjoy God 1 — A. To all eternity ; for we shall ever be with the Lord^ 1 Thess. iv. 17, Isa. Ix. 19, 20. Q. What are the grounds which secure the eternal en- joyment of God to believers 1 — A. The infinite and eternal love of God ; the extent of his promise ; and the infinite merit, and eternal intercession of Christ. Quest. 2. What rule hath God given to direct us, how ice may glorify and enjoy him 7 Answ. The word of God, which is contained in the scriptures of the Old and New Testament, is the only rule to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him. Q. Whence is it that we need a rule to direct us how to glorify and enjoy God 1 — A. Because God is our sovereign, and being infinite, is so much unknown to us. Q. Who alone can give us a rule for these ends \ — A. God only ; for he only hath sufllicient wisdom and authori- ty to prescribe a sufficient rule, 2 Tim. iii. 16, 17. Q. What is the rule which God hath given for man's di- rection 1 — A. The declaration of his own will. Q. How did God shew this rule to Adam before the fall ? — A. Mostly by the light of nature within him, and the works of creation and providence without him. Q. Did he not shew his will wholly to Adam by these means'? — A. No ; the time of the Sabbath, and the prohi- 18 OP THE SCRIPTURES. bition to eat of the tree of knowledge, were made known to him by immediate revelation, Gen. ii. Q. How far are the hght of nature, and works of crea- tion and providence, now of use as a rule to men? — ^A. They so far make known the perfections of God, and part of our duty, as renders us inexcusable when we disobey him, Rom. i. 20, and ii. 14, 15. Q. Are these things now a sufficient rule to lead us to happiness 1 — A. No ; for sin hath made us blind and fool- ish in the matters of God, 1 Cor. ii. 14. Q. If our reason were as extensive as ever Adam's was, could it now lead us to holiness or happiness 1 — A. No ; for sin hath fixed a gulf between God and us, through which our reason, however extensive, could never shew us a pas- sage, Isa. xlix. 24. Q. Hath God given us any rule that can direct sinful men to holiness and happiness 1 — A. Yes ; the Bible, or holy scriptures, 2 Peter i. 19 — 21. Q. Why is that rule called the Bible or Book 1 — A. Be- cause it is far better than all other books. Q. What makes it so 1 — A. It is the woi^d of God, the testament of Christ, and of the greatest use to men. Q. Why are the scriptures called the word of God t — A. Because they were given by the inspiration of his Spirit, 2 Peter i. 21, Heb. i. 1, 2 Tim. iii. 15, 16, 17. Q. How do you prove the scriptures to be the word of God 1 — A. By the stamp of God that is to be seen upon them ; for none can speak like him, John vi. 63. Q. What is that stamp of God which is imprinted upon the scriptures 1 — A. That majesty, holiness, light, and effi- cacy which appear in them. Psalm xiv. 7, 8, 9. Q. Wherein doth the majesty of the scriptures appear ? — A. God therein is described, and speaks in the most lofty manner : therein sins are forbidden which God only can know or condemn ; duties required that God only can com- mand ; and promises and threatenings are made which God only can accomplish, Isa. Ivii. 15, 16. Q. What divine holiness appears in the scriptures 1 — A. There every holy thing is strictly required, and every un- holy thing is forbidden ; and all the means and motives to perform duty, and avoid sin, are clearly shown, and warmly pressed, 1 Pet. i. 13 — ^23. Q. What divine light appears in the scriptures? — A. OP THE SCRIPTURES. 19 There mysteries are revealed which God only knew, or can comprehend, Col. i. 26, 1 Tim. iii. 16. Q. What are some of those mysteries ? — A. The mys- tery of the persons in one Godhead ; of Christ, the Son of God, his becoming man ; and our union with him, &c. 1 John V. 8, Isa. vii. 14, Eph. v. 30, 32. Q. What divine efficacy or power have the scriptures ? — A. They are the means of convincing, converting, and quickening dead and obstinate sinners ; and of comforting those that are cast down, Psal. xix. 7, 8. Q. By what other arguments may we be convinced that the scriptures are the word of God ? — A. By their antiqui- ty, harmony, scope, success, accomplishment of prophecies, and confirmation by miracles and the blood of martyrs. Q. What is their antiquity ? — A. Their being written in part before all other books ; and giving us the only rational account of ancient things, such as the creation, the fall, flood, and dispersion of men at Babel. Q. What do you call the harmony of the scriptures ? — A. The agreement of every part one with another. Q. How is this a proof of their being the word of God 1 — A. Because it is impossible that such a number of writers, in so many different ages and places, could ever of them- selves so agree, in opposition to the common inclinations of men. Q. Doth no part of scripture really contradict another 1 — A. No ; though some parts seem to contradict others, as John X. 30, with xiv. 28. Q. How may seemingly contradictory scriptures be re- conciled? — A. By considering that these different scrip- tures either speak of different things, or of different views of the same thing, Rom. i. 3, 4, and ix. 6. Q. What is the scope and design of the scriptures ? — A. To humble all men, and give all the glory to God. Q. What success have the scriptures had? — ^A. The gross manners of many nations have been reformed ; and multi- tudes of most wicked men have been gained to deny ungod- liness and worldly lusts, and to live soberly, righteously, and godly, by means of the scriptures, though published by the meanest instruments, notwithstanding the combined op- position of hell and earth against them. Acts i — xx. Q. Of what prophecies doth the accomplishment prove the scriptures to be the word of God ? — A. The prophecies of Israel's entrance into, and deliverance from Egypt and 20 OP THE SCRIPTURES. Babylon ; and of the destruction of Chaldea, Egypt and Tyre; and of the rise and fall of the Persian, Grecian, and Roman Empires ; and of the birth and death of Christ, &.c. Q. How doth the accomplishment of such prophecies prove the divinity of the scriptures ? — A. Because none but God could foretell future events, depending on a multitude of second causes, in so particular a manner, and at such a distant time, before they took place. Q. What miracles have been wrought to confirm the scriptures 1 — A. The plagues of Egypt ; the dividing of the Red Sea; causing the sui^^ to stand still ; raising the dead ; giving sight to such as were blind, &lc. Q. How do miracles confirm the divinity of the scrip- tures 1 — A. Because God would never work miracles to confirm any imposture, Heb. ii. 3, 4. Q. But may not Satan, &-c. work miracles'? — A. He may work counterfeit, but no true miracles. Q. Wherein doth a counterfeit miracle diff*er from a true one 1 — A. Besides a difference in their natures, all true miracles confirm doctrines leading to a virtuous and holy life ; but counterfeit miracles always confirm falsehoods and wicked practices, Deut. xiii. 5, 2 Thess. ii. - Q,. Why doth not God still work miracles for the con- firmation of the scriptures ? — A. Because they are only ne- cessary to establish truth at first, and to awaken the world to consider and receive it ; and if always wrought, be es- teemed common things, and make no impression on the minds of men, Exod. iv. — xiv, &c. Q. How do the sufferings of martyrs prove the divinity of the scriptures'? — A. So many millions could never have borne such cruel torments for their adherence to the scrip- tures, with such calmness, patience, and joy, if God had not assisted them, Heb. xi. 35 — 39. Q. Why might not good angels be the authors of the scriptures? — A. Because these could never pretend to be God ; nor speak without his commission, Psal. ciii. 20. Q. Why might not Satan have been their author? — A. Because they wholly tend to the ruin of his kingdom and interest in the world, 2 Tim. iii. 15. Q. How do you prove that the scriptures cannot be a forgery and imposture of the writers?— A. Because the writers candidly relate their own failings; and the tenden- cy of the scriptures to condemn all deceits, and sinful in- clinations and practices, under the severest penalties, ex- OP THE SCRIPTURES. 21 posed the penman to the rage and hatred of the world ; whereas impostors conceal their own vices, and flatter men's corruptions, in order to procure carnal pleasures, honours, or riches to themselves. Q. Can an unbeliever discern the stamp of God in the scriptures, or be by the above arguments savingly convin- ced that they are the word of God ? — A. No ; but he may be rationally convinced that they are so, Acts xxvi. 28. Q. What hinders unbehevers from discerning the stamp of God in the scriptures when they read theml — A. Satan hath blinded their minds, 2 Cor. iv. 3. Q. How may we attain to a saving persuasion that the scriptures are the word of God. — A. Only by the Spirit's powerful application of them to our heart, 1 Cor. ii. Q. What is the formal reason and ground of a saving faith of what the scriptures teach? — A. The authority and faithfulness of God therein spiritually discerned, 2 Thess. ii. 13. 2 Chron. xx. 20. Q. Doth the authority of the scriptures depend on the church 1 — A. No ; for the church is founded on, and derives all her authority from them, Eph. ii. 20. Q. Why then is the church called the pillar and ground of truth ? — A. Because tlie church keeps and pubUshes the scripture, Rom. iii. 2. Isa. ii. 3. Q. Do the scriptures derive any authority from man's reason? — A. No: they derive it from God only. Q. If we find in them any thing which we reckon con- trary to reason, may we reject it? — A. No; for as the lieavens are higher than the earth, so are God's thoughts, the scriptures, higher than our thoughts, Isa. Iv. 9. Q. Why is the Bible called the scriptures or writings ? A. Because of its distinguished excellency above all other writings, 2 Tim. iii. 15 — 17. Psal. xix. 7 — 10. Q. Why was the word of God committed to writing 1 — — A. For the better preserving and spreading of it. Q. Why would God have his word presei*ved? — A. For the comfort and establishment of his church. Q. Why would he have his word propagated and spread? — ^A. For the increase and enlargement of his church. Q. Would it have been safe to have still trusted revela- tion to the memoirs of men? — A. No; for these are very weak and deceitful, Jer. ii. 32. Psal. cvi. 13. Q. Did not God preserve his church for 2500 years, 22 OF THE SCRIPTURES. from AdaiTi to Moses, without the writing of his word ? — A. Yes; (though he revealed his will by visions, &c.) Q. Why might he not as yet do so stilll — A. Because all that God had revealed of his will before Moses was safely remembered ; men lived then so long, that a few persons conveyed revelation pure and uncorrupted to the church till that time, Gen. i. to xlix. Q. Why are the scriptures called a testament! — A. Be- cause therein Christ bequeathes his rich legacies and bless- ings to sinful men, Luke xxii. 29. Heb. ii. 3. Q. Whereby is this testament confirmed 1 — A. By the death of Christ the testator, Heb. ix. 15, 16. Q. Into how many testaments is the Bible divided 1 — A. Into two, the Old and the New, Heb. viii. and ix. Q. Which is the Old Testament? — A. That which be- gins with Genesis, and ends with Malachi. Q. Why is it called the Old Testament 1 — A. Because it was first published ; and contains the dispensation of the covenant of grace,which is now ceased. Q. By what death of Christ was the Old Testament confirmed] — A. By his typical death in the ancient sacri- fices, Rev. xiii. 8. Heb. ix. 18—20. Q. Which is the New Testament ? — A. That which be- gins with Matthew, and ends with the Revelation. Q. Why is it called the New Testament 1 — A. Because it was last pubHshed; and it contains that more perfect dispensation of the covenant of grace which is still present, Heb. viii. 6 — 13. and ix. 15. Q. By what death of Christ was this Testament con- firmed 1 — A. By his actual death in his own person. Q. In what do the Old and New Testament agree 1 — A. God in Christ is the author of both ; all the blessings of the new covenant are bequeathed in both ; and the glory of God, and salvation of men, is the end of both. Q. In what doth the Old and New Testament differ? — A. In duration and excellency, Heb. viii. 6. 13. Q. How do they diff'er in duration? — A. The Old con- tinued from Adam's fall till Christ's coming and death ; and the New from thence continues till the end of the world, Gen. iii.. Mat. xxvii.. Rev. xx. Q, Is the Old Testament scripture now of no force 1 — A. Its truths are still of as much force as ever, but its types are ceased, Heb. x. 1, 2. Col. ii. 14 — 20. OF THE SCRIPTURES. 23 Q. How do these Testaments differ in excellency ? — A. The New excels the Old in many things. Q. Wherein doth the New Testament excel the Old 1 — A. In evidence, extent, gifts, and worship. Q. How doth the New Testament excel in evidence ? — A. The Old Testament darkly pointed out Christ as to come ; but the New points him out as already come, 2 Cor. iii. 14, Col. ii. 17, Heb. v.— x. Q,. How doth the New Testament excel in extent? — A. The Old Testament was mostly confined to the Jews ; but the New extends to all nations ; and many more are by it converted to Christ, Rev. vii. 9. Q. How doth the New Testament excel in gifts ? — A. The gifts of the Spirit are more plentiful and powerful un- der the New than under the Old, Acts ii. Q. How doth the New Testament excel in worship ? — A. The Old Testament worship was more carnal and bur- densome ; but the worship under the New is more free, spir- itual, and easy. Gal. v. 7, John iv. 22 — 24. Q. For what end hath God given us the scriptures ? — ^A. To be a rule to direct us how to glorify and enjoy him, 2 Tim. iii. 15—17, John v. 39. Q. What kind of a rule is the holy scripture 1 — A. A perfect, plain, absolute, infallible, and only rule. Q. How is the scripture a perfect rule 1 — A. As all we are bound to believe or do, in order to salvation, is therein revealed, either in express words, or by necessary conse- quence, 2 Tim. iii. 15-— 17. Q. How do you prove, that plain and necessary conse- quences, drawn from the express words of scripture, are a part of our rule 1 — A. Because Christ proved the resurrec- tion against the Sadducees by a scripture consequence : and the apostles often reasoned in tliis manner, Matth. xxii. 31, Heb. i. and ii., &c. Q. How is the scripture a. plain rule? — A. Because all things necessary to be believed and done, in order to salva- tion, and so clearly revealed in some place thereof, as every man who hath the exercise of reason, by a diligent use of the scripture may know them. Psalm cxix. 105. 130, and xix. 7. 8. Q. What should we do that we may rightly understand the scripture when we read, hear, or think of it 1 — A. We should cry to God to open our eyes^ that we may behold the wonders of his law^ Psalm cxix. 18. 24 OF THE SCRIPTURES. Q. How are tlie scriptures an absolute rule 1 — A. Because the Spirit of God speaking in them is the supreme judge of all controversies, decrees, and doctrines of men, Mat. xxii. 29, Isa. viii. 20, Luke xvi. 29. 31. Q. May not the scriptures be tried and judged by other rules 1 — A. No ; every thing is to be tried by them ; but they are to be tried by no standard rule, Isa. viii. 20. Q. How are the scriptures an infallible rule % — A. Be- cause they contain the mind and will of the God who can- not lie. Tit. i. 2, 2 Tim. iii. 16, 17. Q. How are the scriptures the only rule 1 A. Because nothing else can direct us aright how to glorify and enjoy God, Prov. xxix. 18, Isa. viii. 20. Q. Why may not unwritten traditions be received as a part of our rule t — A. Because they are cursed that add to, or take from the word of God ; and such as speak not ac- cording to it, have no light in them. Rev. xxii. 18. Q. Why may not the spirit or light within men be a part of our rule 1 — A. Because every spirit and light that is with- out the word is darkness, and a spirit of error, 1 John iv. 1 6, Mat. xxii. 29. Q. In what language were the scriptures first written? — A. The Old Testament in Hebrew, and the New in Greek. Q. Why must they be translated into the languages of every nation whither they come 1 — A. That all may have opportunity to read them, John xv. 39, Acts xvii. 11. Q. Why ought all men to read the scriptures ? — A. Be- cause God often commands it, and the knowledge of the scriptures is very excellent and useful, John v. 39, 2 Tim. iii. 15, 16, 17, 2 Pet. i. 19. Q. How doth it appear that the scripture is so excellent and useful ? — A. It contains all sovereign remedies against distress, and all true comfort under it ; all spiritual armour for defence of our souls ; and is an unerring guide to glory, 2 Tim. iii. 15, 16, 17. Q. Are the apocryphal books, as Tobit, Judith, &c. any part of the word of God? — A. No. Q. How prove you that? — A. Because the Jewish church, to which the oracles of God were then committed, never acknowledged them as the word of God ; nor have they the stamp of God upon them, but contain several things false, and disagreeable to the word of God. Q. How may the scriptures be more generally distin- guished ? — A. Into the Law and the Gospel. OF THE SCRIPTURES. 25 Q. Wliat is the Laio of God 1 — A, It is that declaration of liis will to reasonable creatures, whereby he shows them their duty, and binds them to it, Exod. xx. Q. What parts of scripture belong to the law ? — A. All these that require any duty to be performed by men, Exod. XX. 3—17. 1 John iii. 23, Isa. Iv. 6, 7. Q. How are scripture laws usually distinguished 1 — A. Into the ceremonial, judicial, and moral. Q. Which are the ceremonial laws ? — Those that direct- ed the Old Testament church, concerning the types and ceremonies used in their religious worship, Q. Which are the judicial laws? — A. Those which di- rected the Jews concerning the affairs of their state, as a nation, sei)arated to the Lord, Exod. xxi. 22, &.c. Q. Which is the moral law? — A. That which equally and always binds all men to the whole of their duty. Q. How is the Gospel usually distinguished ? — A. Into the gospel largely taken, and the gospel strictly taken. Acts xvi. 31, Isa. Iv. 4. Q. What is the gospel strictly taken ? — A. It is the glad tidings of salvation to lost siimers through Christ. Q. What parts of scripture belong to this ? — A. All these that offer Christ, or promise any good thing through him to sinfid men. Rev. xxii. 17, Q. Wherein do the law and the gospel strictly taken agree? — A. God is the Author ; his glory is the end ; and Cln'ist is the confirmer of both, Psalm cxlvii. 19, 20. Q. Wherein do they differ? — A. The law requires good in and from us ; but the gospel declares Christ hath done, ajid Avill do all for and in us, and freely brings all good things to us, Rom. x. 4, 5. Q. Do not the law and gospel concur with, and promote the honour of one another? — A. Yes, Luke ii. 14. Q. How doth the law concur with the gospel ? — A. It drives men to embrace the grace of the gospel, and teaches t!iem how to improve it ; and it condemns them to more dreadful wrath if they slight it, Rom. iii. 20. Q. How doth the gospel honour the law? — A. It brings in Christ as perfectly fulfilling it as a covenant ; and it strengthens and encourages us to obey it as a rule. Q. If the law and gospel so well agree, how is it that men, by cleaving to the law as a covenant, slight the grace of the gospel ? — A. Because they abuse the law, in seeking justification by the works of ^t, Kom. ix. 31, 32. 3 36 OP THE SCRIPTURES. Q. Are not both law and gospel sometimes contained in one and the same sentence of scripture? — A. Yes, as Gen. iii. 15. Q. What is the gospel largely taken? — A. The whole word of God, 1 Cor. ix. 14. Q. How can the whole word of God be called gospel or good tidings^ since it brings many sad tidings to sinners, in requiring duties which they cannot perform, and threatening wrath which they cannot bear? — A. Because all these tend to promote and maintain the honour of the free grace of the gospel, Heb. x. 29, and ii. 3, 2 Thess. i. 7—9. Q. How may the scriptures be more particularly divi- ded 1 — A. Into histories, prophecies, threatenings, promises, commands, and doctrines. Q. Which are the histories of scripture ? — ^A. Such as record the facts and events which have come to pass. Q. Which are the prophecies of scripture ? — A. Such as foretell what hath or shall come to pass. Q. What are the threatenings 1 — A. All such scriptures as denounce God's wrath against men for their sins. Q. What are the j?romise5? — A. All suCh scriptures as signify God's will to bestow any good thing' on us. Q May the same sentence be both a promise and threat- ening? — A. Yes ; every threatening to destroy a believer's enemies is a promise to him, Gen. iii. 14, 15. Q. How are the promises usually distinguished ? — A. Into absolute and conditional. Q. What is a conditional promise ? — A. That in which God engages to do us some good if we have some good quality, or do some good work, Acts xvi. 31. Q. What is an absolute promise? — A. It is that wherein God engages to bestow good upon us, without requiring any condition in or from us, Isa. xlv. 24, Heb. viii. 12. Q. Which scriptures are commands or precepts! — A. Such as require us to be, do, or avoid any thing. Q. What call you doctrines ? — A. All such scriptures as show us the nature, qualities, and connections between per- sons and things ; as what God, Christ, man, &c., are; and how they stand related to one another. Q. Is every word of scripture equally true, and of divine authority ? — A. Yes ; but every word is not of equal weight and importance, Matth. xxiii. 23, Hos. viii. 12. Q. How are the truths of scripture distinguished with respect to their weight and importance ? — A. Into funds^- OP WHAT THE SCRIHTURES TEACH. 27 mental, and not fundamental truths. Q. What mean you hy fundamental truths 1 — A. Such truths, as we cannot be saved without the knowledge, belief, and improvement them, John xvii. 3. Q. What are some of these truths 1 — A. That there is one God in three persons ; that man is fallen, and cannot recover himself; that Christ hath assumed our nature, and paid our debt; that we are justified only by faith in his righteousness ; that being born again, and made holy, are necessary to our entrance into heaven, &c. Q. Why call you these fundamental truths ] — ^A. Be- cause other divine truths are built upon them. Quest. 3. What do the scriptures 'principally teach! Answ. The scriptures principally teach what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man. Q. What things do the scriptures chiefly teach? — A. Matters of faith and practice, 2 Tim. iii. 1 6. Q. What ^oi\\ faith or 6c/icwm^ mean 1 — ^A. An assent- ing to the testimony of another. Q. How may faith, as to the authority on which it de- pends, be distinguished \ — A. Into human and divine. Q. Wherein do human and divine faith differ ? — A. In their foundation and firmness. Q. How do they differ as to their foundation 1 — A. Human faith believes a report upon the testimony of man; but divine faith believes it upon the footing of God's testi- mony, Exod. iv. 30, 31. Psalm iv. 20. Q. How do they differ in their firmness of assent? — A. Human faith admits, that the report which it credits may possibly be false ; but divine doth not. Tit. i. 2. Q. With what faith ought we to believe the whole scrip- tures, and them only? — A. With a divine faith. Q. How may faith, as to its effects^ be distinguished? — A. Into historical faitli ; the faith of miracles; tempo- rary faith, and saving faith. Q. What is historical faith? — X. The believing scrip- ture-truths as we do historical reports, in which our own welfare is not deeply concerned, Exod. iv. 31. Q. What is the faith of miraclcsX — A. The beUeving that God will work such a miracle upon, or for us. Q. What is temporary faith ? — A. An affecting persua- XO THE ATTRIBUTES OP GOD. sion of divine truths, and presumptuous leaning on the promises for a time, without receiving Christ as our only Saviour, Matth. xiii. 20 — 22. Acts. viii. 13. Q. What is saving faith 1 — A. That by which we credit the whole word of God, and receive Christ in it, to the saving of our souls, Rom. x. 10. Q. What call you matters of practice or duty required of man? — A. Whatever man owes to God, to himself, or to others, Mic. vi. 8. Q. Whether must duty or faith be first in order? — A. Faith : for till we believe the love of God, and receive Christ as our strength, it is impossible for us to please God, Luke i. 74, 75, Heb. xi. 6. Q. Will true faith produce true obedience 1 — A. Yes ; faith worketh hy love, Gal. v. 6. 22, 23. Q,. Who then shine most in holy obedience ? — A. Those who are strongest in faith, Rom. iv. 20. Quest. 4. What is God 7 Answ. God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, and un- changeable, in his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth. Q. What doth the name of God properly signify 1 — A. A being of infinite perfection, Job xi. 7. Q. What are we to believe concerning God? — A. That be is, what he is, and what he hath done. Q. What religious principle must we first in order believe? — A. That there is a God, Heb. xi. 6. Q. What things teach us that there is a God ? — A. Both scripture and reason, Mai. iii. 6. Q. In what are all men taught that there is a God ? — A. In the works of creation and providence. Q. How doth creation-work prove that there must be a God ? — A. Because nothing can make itself; and so there must be a God who hath made all things, Rom. i. 20. Q. How do the works of providence prove that there must be a God ? — A. Because so many, so vast and unruly things, could never be preserved and guided to one common end, if there were not a God to over-rule them. Q. How doth our own being prove that there is a God ? — A. The curious frame of our bodies, the noble powers of our souls ; our consciences daily accusing or excusing us, THE ATTRIBUTES OP GOD. |W together with our inability to live, move, or do any thing of ourselves, clearly jirove it, Psal. exxxix. 16, &c. Q. Can the works of nature now teach us what God is ? — A. They may teach us some things darkly concerning God, but nothing savingly. Acts xvii. 27, Rom. ii. 14, 15. Q. What do the works of nature more darkly shew God to be? — A. They shew that he is holy, just, wise, good, eternal, &c., Rom. i. 20—32. Q. Who alone can teach us the saving knowledge of God? — A. Christ by his word and Spirit, Isa. xlviii. 17. Q. What doth the scripture or word of Christ declare God to be 1 — A. Light, love, and a spirit, 1 John i. 4. Q. Why is God called light? — A. Because of his puri- ty, knowledge, and being the Father of light. Q. Why is God called love ? — A. Because in Christ all his other attributes are employed to exalt his love, Q. Why is God called a spirit ? — A. Because his nature and attributes are spiritual, John iv. 24. Q. What is a spirit 1 — A. It is a living, thinking, and in- visible substance, without any matter or bodily parts. Q. If God be a spirit^ how are eyes, ears, arms, feet, face, fingers, mouth, lips, &c., ascribed tO him in scripture? — A. God, in condescension to our weakness, doth by these bodily members point out some property in himself, the work of which some way resembleth the use of such members in man, Hos. xii. 13, and xi. 8. Q. What is meant by eyes and ears when ascribed to God ? — A. His knowledge, care, and pity, Psal. xxxiv. 17. Q. What do face, nose, and nostrils, mean, when ascribed to God 1 — A. His knowledge, favour, or wrath, Psal. xlviii. 8 ; and face also signifies his glory. Q. What is meant by mouth or lips, when ascribed to God ? — A. His truth, word, authority, or love. Q. What is meant by arms, hands, and fingers, when as- cribed to God ? — A. His power ; and sometimes arms and hands signify his mercy and love, Deut. xxxiii. 27. Q. What doth heart mean when ascribed to God ? — A. His love, approbation, or purpose. Q. What doth bosom, when ascribed to God, mean ? — A. His love, care, and protection, Isa. xl. 11. Q. What do feet, when ascribed to God, mean? — A. His power, and providential works, Hab. iii. 5. Q. What is meant by God's sitting 1 — A. His authority and undisturbed happiness. Psalm xxix. 10. 3* 30 THE ATTRIBUTES OP GOD. Q. What is meant by his standing 1 — A. His readiness to help his people, and destroy their enemies. Q. What is meant by walkings running, riding, or flying, when ascribed to God 1 — A. The calm, speedy, or kind manner of his working, Psal. xviii. 9, 10. Q. Are there any other spirits besides God 1 — A. Yes ; angels, and souls of men, Psal. civ. 4. Q. How do these differ from God 1 — A. These are finite, created, and changeable spirits ; but God is an infinite, eternal, and unchangeable spirit, Psal. ciiL Q. What is meant by the attributes of God 1 — A. The properties or perfections of his nature. Q. Are all the properties of God the very same with his nature, and with one another ? — A. Yes ; and so one can- not be separated from another, as the divine nature is most simple and un compounded, Exod. iii. 14. Q. Why then are they represented to us as difi«rent 1 — A. Because of their different respects to the creatures, and because we cannot take them up as they are in God. Q. How may the attributes of God be distinguished ? — A. Into communicable, which may be some way resembled by creatures ; and incommunicable, which can no way be resembled by creatures. Q. Which are the communicable attributes of God 1— A. Being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, &-c. Q. Which are his incommunicable properties 1 — A. His independency, infinity, eternity, and unchangeableness, and his subsisting in three persons. Q. What is proper independency ? — A. It is to have in and of one's self whatever is necessary for being, happiness, and work, Psal. cxv. 3, Exod. iii. 14. Q. How do you prove that God is independent 1 — A. The scripture affirms that he needs nothing from, nor can be profited by any creature. Acts xvii. 25. Q. Do all other things depend on God in being and acts? — A. Yes ; and cannot do otherways, Rom. xi. 36. Q. What is meant by God's being infinite? — A. His being without bounds or limits. Job. xi. 7. Q. How do you prove that God is infinite ? — A. Because he cannot by searching be found out to perfection, Job. xi. 7, I Tim. vi. 15, 16. Q. Whereiu is God infinite 1 — A. In being, perfection, and presence, Exod. iii. 14, Psal. cxlvii. 5. Q. How is God infinite in perfection 1 — A. The glory THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. 91 of his perfections can admit of no addition or increase, Job xxii. 2. XXXV. 6, 7. Q. How may God be said to be infinite in presence ? — A. He is present in all his works ; nay, the heaven of heavens cannot contain him, 1 Kings viii. 27, Jer. xxiii. 24. Q. How may the presence of God be distinguished ? — A. Into his essential and operative presence. Q. Is God's essential presence partly in heaven and partly in earth ; or partly within and partly without the limits of creation ] — A. No ; the whole being of God is equally every where, Jer. xxiii. 23, 24. Q. How may the operative presence of God be distin- guished 1 — A. Into his natural presence with all creatures, in preserving and governing them ; his symbolical presence in the ordinances of his grace ; his gracious presence with his saints on earth, by the indwelling and influence of his spirit; his glorious presence in heaven, as the blessed por- tion of angels and saints ; and his vindictive presence in hell, by taking vengeance on devils and wicked men. Q. Is there not, besides all these, a singular presence of God with the man Christ 1 — A. Yes ; the fulness of the Godhead dwells in him bodily, Col. ii. 9, 2 Col. v. 19. Q. How is God's infinity terrible to the wicked % — A. Their loss of him, as a portion, is unspeakable ; and his treasures of wrath against them cannot be exhausted. Q. How is it sweet to behevers 1 — A. Because God is their boundless portion and joy. Q. What is meant by the eternity of God 1 — A. His being without beginning, end, or succession of duration. Q. How do you prove that God is without beginning or end 1 — A. He is said to be from everlasting to everlasting God, Psal. xc. 2. I Tim. vi. 15, Jer x. 10. Q. How prove you that God is without succession of duration 1 — A. Because one day is with him as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day, 2 Pet. iii. 8. Q. How doth eternity differ from time ? — A. Time can be measured by days and years, and one part of it follows another ; but it is not so with eternity. Q. Is any besides God eternal 1 — A. Angels and souls of men have a sort of eternity as they live for ever, Matth. x. 28, and xxv. 41. Q. How doth then- eternity differ from tliat of God ?— -A. Angels and souls of men have a beginning and succession jof duration, which God hath not, Gen. i. 32 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. Q. How is the eternity of God terrible to the wicked? — A. It secures the eternal duration of their torments. Q. How is eternity sweet to behevers? — A. It secures his bein«y their everlasting portion and joy. Q. What is meant by God's being immutable or un- changeable? — A. His being always the same. Mai. iii. 6. Q. How prove you that God is unchangeable 1 — A. Him- self says, / am the Lord, I change not. Q. Can nothing be added to, or taken from the glorious perfections of God? — A. No ; their glory cannot be dimin- ished, because it is essential to God ; nor can it be increas- ed, because it is infinite, Psal. cii. 26, 27. Q. Did not God change when he became a Creator, or when the Son of God became man? — A. No ; the change only respected the creature, Rom. viii. 3. Heb. ii. 14. Q. Were Gt)d's power and will to create, or become man, the same from all eternity ? — A. Yes. Q. If God change not, how is he said to repent? — A, His repenting means only a change of his work, but it means no change of his will, Gen. vi. 6, 7. Q. Why is the change of work called a repenting ? — A. In allusion to the case of men, whose change of work shows a change of their will. Acts iii. 19. Q. Can a creature be by nature unchangeable ? — A, No ; for as they have their being from the will of God, they may be changed as he seeth meet, Dan. iv. 35. Q. Are not holy angels, and glorified saints, unchange- able? — A. Yes; but they are so by the gracious will of God, not by nature, Heb. i. 14. Jude 1. Q,. How is God*s unchangeableness terrible to the wick- ed ? — A. It secures the full execution of all his threatenings upon them, 1 Sam. xv. 28, 29. Q. How is it sweet to believers ? — ^A. It secures God's resting in his love to them, fulfilHng all his promises, and finishing the work of grace in them, Mai. iii. 6. Q. Wherein is God independent, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable ? — A. In his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth. Q. What is meant by the essence or being of God ? — A. His very nature or Godhead, Exod. iii. 14. Q. What is the highest perfection of being? — A. To depend on nothing, and have all other beings dependent on it, Exod. iii. 14. Dan. iv. 34, 35. Psalm cxv. 3. Q. Is God happy only in hinjself, and all in all to him- THE ATTRIBUTES OP GOD. 33 self and Others ? — A. Yes; he is God all-sufficient, Gen. xvii. 1, and every being is from him, Gen. i. Q. Are they not then fools and brutish, who prefer crea- ted beings to God? — A. Yes, Jer. ii. 13. Q. Doth not the very being of God secure the accom- plishment of all his promises 1 — A. Yes, Exod. vi. 3. Q. Wherein doth the being of God differ from that of creatures ? — A. The being of God is independent, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable ; but that of creatures is depen- dent, finite, created, and changeable. Q. How may the wisdom of God be distinguished ? — A. Into his omniscience and wisdom strictly so called. Q. What is the omniscience of God 1 — A. That essential attribute whereby he knows all things. Q. How do you prove that God knows all things ? — A. Reason shews, and the scriptures expressly affirm it, John xxi. 17. 1 John iii. 20. Heb. iv. 13. Q. Doth God learn anything by experience, information, observation, or reasoning, as we do 1 — A. No ; he knows all things by the simple glance of his eye. Q. What is the object of the knowledge of God 1 — A. Himself, and all things possible, or real. Q. What doth God know of himself? — A. He knows his own nature, perfections, and decrees. Q. How prove you that? — A. Because his understanding is infinite, cxlvii. 5. John xXi. 17. Q. What things doth God know 1 — A. All past, present, future, and possible things. Q. How prove you that God knows all past things 1 — A. Because he never forgets any thing, Amos viii. 7. Q. How prove you that God knows all present things ? — Because nothing can be hid from him, and he searches our very hearts, Heb. iv. 13. Rev. ii. 23. Q. How prove you that God knows all things that are to come 1 — A. Because knotcn to God arc all works from trie beginning of the world ; and he hath often foretold the most accidental of them. Acts xv. 18. Q. How prove you that God knows all possible things ? — A. Because he knows his own power, and what it can do. Q. Doth God know all things, particularly in all their properties, relations, circumstances, &c. — A. Yes. Q. What is the wisdom of God 1 — A. His skill in direct- ing and ordering all things to proper ends. Q. Wherein doth wisdom and knowledge differ? — A. 54 THE ATTRIBUTES OP GOD. Knowledge views things in their natures, quahties, &c., but wisdom directs things to their proper ends. Q. Wherein doth God's wisdom appear] — A. In the works of creation, providence, and redemption. Q. How doth God's wisdom appear in creation 1 — A. In his framing so many creatures, so fit for shewing forth his own glory, and promoting their own and one another's good, Psalm civ. 24, Gen. i. Q. How doth it appear in the works of providence 1 — A. In God's directing all the motions of his creatures, however opposite, to one common end, his own glory, the good of his people, and of one another, Rom. viii. 28. Q,. In what of redemption is the wisdom of God dis- played 1 — A. In the contrivance, purchase, and application thereof. Q. How is the wisdom of God displayed in the contri- vance of redemption 1 — A. In choosing a most fit Redeem- er and ransom, and most suitable objects and means of re- ceiving redemption. Psalm Ixxxix. 19, 1 Cor. i. 24. Q. How is Christ a most fit person to be our Redeemer? — A. He being the second person in the Godhead, the Son of God is most fit to be sent by the Father, and the Spirit, and make us the Sons of God, Gal. iv. Q. How is Christ's righteousness a most fit ransom or price of redemption 1 — A. It at once brings the highest glory to God, and the greatest good to men, Luke ii. 14. Q. How are the elect most suitable objects of redemp- tion 1 — A. They being not angels, but men, and these com- monly the meanest or worst, the choice of them pours con- tempt on worldly greatness, and highly exalts God's free grace, 1 Cor. 24—29, Rom. v. 21. . Q. How is faith a most fit means of receiving redemp- tion ? — A. It most highly exalts the free grace, and other attributes of God ; most deeply humbles man, and yet best secures his happiness, Rom. iv. 16—20. Q. How is the wisdom of God evidenced in the purchase of redemption ? — A. Sin at once slays, and is slain by Christ; and God's strict justice and free grace therein meet togeth- er, and exalt one another, Dan. ix. 34. Q,. How is the wisdom of God displayed in the applica- tion of redemption ? — A. As, by occasion of our sin and misery, we are made to give most glory to God, and receive most good to ourselves ; and are made glorious, in the way THE ATTRIBUTES OP COD. 35 of debasing all our self-righteousness, wisdom, and strength, Rom. V. 20, 21, Eph. ii. 1—8. Q. Wherein doth the knowledge and wisdom of God dif- fer from that of creatures 1 — A. The knowledge and wis- dom of God are independent, infinite, eternal, and unchange- able ; but that of creatures is dependent, finite, created and changeable. Q. How are the knowledge and wisdom of God sweet to believers — A. As God knows all their concerns, and will make all things work for their good, Rom. viii. 28. Q. How are they terrible to the wicked 1 — A. As none of their sins can be hid from God*s sight, and as he makes all things work for their ruin, Deut. xxviii. Q. What is the power of God 1 — A. That attribute by which he can do all things, Gen. xvii. 1. Q. Can God repent, lie, or do any thing sinful 1 — A. No ; for to be capable of such things would evince imper- fection and weakness, 1 Sam. xv. 29. Q. Could God's power do more than ever he will do 1 — A. Yes ; nothing is too hard for him, Jer. xxxii. 17. Q. Wherein is the power of God manifested 1 — A. In creation, providence, and redemption, Q. How doth God's power appear in creation 1 — A. In his bringing so many powerful creatures out of nothing, m so quick and easy a manner, by a word, Q. How doth it appear in common providence? — A. In his upholding all things, and ordering all their motions, Heb. i. 3, Psahn cxxxvi. cvii., &c, Q. How doth God's power appear in his special provi- dence 1 — A. In his working so many miracles for, and pro- tecting his church amidst so many dangers and enemies, and at last making her to triumpli over them all. Q, In what of redemption -work is the power of God manifested? — A. In the constitution of Christ's person ; in his sutFerings, resurrection, and coming to judgment; and in calling, justifying, adopting, sanctifying his people, &/C. Q. How is God's power manifested in the constitution of Christ's person 1 — A. In so closely uniting his two na- tures, though in themselves at an infinite distance from one another, 1 Tim. iii. 16, Isa. vii. 14, and ix. 6. Q. How is it manifested in the sufferings of Christ ? — A. In laying such a load of wrath on him, supporting him under it, and making him victorious over it, and all his ene- mies, Isa. liii. 11, 12, Psal. xxii. and ex. '^^H 36 THE ATTRIBUTES OP GOD* Q. How is it manifested in Christ's reg le: i /- God thereby broke open the prison of dea'l m ;?; i him to glory in name of his elect seed, Isa. i S:' Q. How will it appear in Christ's judging ( v ' ' i ' , In his raising the dead, sifting men and d =! » 5 driving all his enemies at once to hell, an |>e * ; u j i p happiness of his people, Matth. xxv. Rev. % - ,1 .|J||||j|||| jjj yj Q. How doth God's power appear in c i:! id I ? 'ill! iiii"',i ||. ;ii'i| '" ill III llllllll 'lllllll I ■: llll'll Hi II i||i i 1 1' ■• 1 It'll III Ill" ii"- I III i ill' ii'"< II II 1 III 1 II ill 1' III ' ill THE ATTRIBUTES OP GOD. 39 Q. How is it terrible to the wicked ? — A. It binds God to pursue them with his everlasting wrath, Psal. xi. 5. 7. Q. What is the goodness of God 1 — A. It is that attri- bute whereby he is good to himself, and the giver of all good, Psal. cxix. 68. and Ixxxvi. 5 — 15. Isa. Ixiii. 7. Q. How is the goodness of God usually distinguished ? — A. Into his absolute and relative goodness. Q. Wherein do these differ ? — A. His absolute goodness is an essential property in himself, and is the fountain ; but his relative goodness is that kindness which flows out from that fountain upon his creatures. Q. How is God's relative goodness distinguished? — A. Into his common goodness, which he exerciseth towards all his creatures good and bad, and his special goodness, which he exerciseth towards his elect only, Ps. cxlv. Q. What are some branches of God's common good- ness ] — A. The exercise of his long-suff*ering patience to- wards sinful men, his giving them the offers of salvation and space to repent of their sin, with corn, wine, oil, fruitful seasons, and other temporal blessings, Rom. ii. 4. Q. What are the branches of God's special goodness ? — A. Saving grace, and eternal glory, Psal. xxiv. 11. Q. What are the properties of God's special goodness ? — A. It is unspeakably great, sweet, satisfying, seasonable, unchangeable, and everlasting, Psal. xxxi. 19. Q. Where is this goodness laid up for the elect ? — A. In Christ, in whom all fulness dwells. Col. i. 19. Q. How is it brought near to us sinners? — A. In the promise and offer of the gospel, Isa. Iv. 7. Q,, How doth it all become our own? — A. By our receiv- ing Christ, in whom it is laid up, 1 Cor. iii. 22. Q. What are the fruits and effects of our receiving it ? — A. Wonder, joy, delight, satisfaction, self-abasement, and love to God, Christ, and the souls of men. Q. F om what fountain doth this special goodness flow ? — -A. From God's love, grace, and mercy in Christ. Q. Wherein do love, grace, and mercy differ ? — A. They are much the same ; only love views the elect as creatures ; grace views them as unworthy ; and mercy views them as in misery. Q. What are the diff'erent actings of God's love towards the elect? — A. Choosing, blessing, and delighting in them, Eph. i. v., Zeph. iii. 17. 40 THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. Q. Wherein doth God's absohite goodness appear ? — A. In creation, providence, and redemption. Q. How doth the goodness of God appear in creation? — A. In his making all things very good., Gen. i. 31. Q. How doth it appear in the works of providence 1 — A. In God's preserving, and making plentiful provision for his creatures, Psalm cxlv. 9. 16, and civ. and cvii. Q. How doth it appear in redemption-work 1 — A. In the gracious contrivance and execution of it. Q. How doth God's goodness appear in the contrivance of redemption? — A. In his so early, freely, and kindly, re- membering elect sinners, and laying their help upon one mighty to save. Psalm cxxxvi. 23, Eph. i. 3 — 11. Q. How doth God's goodness appear in the execution of redemption 1 — A. In sending his son to assume our nature, and pay our debt ; and in bestowing all his purchased bles- sings upon us, John iii. 14 — 17. Q. Is not mercy or goodness, as employed in redemption, God's darling attribute 1 — A. Yes ; for God oftener ascribes mercy to himself than any other attribute : all the divine persons, perfections, operations, and relations, and all the servants of God, are employed in promoting the work of mercy ; and the greatest price was laid out in shewing mer- cy, Exod. xxxiv. 6, 7. Q. How is God's goodness terrible to impenitent sinners 1 — A. Their contempt of it heaps up for them wrath against the day of wrath, Rom. li. 4, 5, Heb. ii. 3. Q. How is it sweet to believers 1 — A. Because they shall be for ever filled and satisfied with its ravishing pleasures, Psal. xvi. 11. Jer. xxxi. 12. Q. Is it not very encouraging to such as desire to believe? — A. Yes ; for it runs to meet such with mercy and kind- ness, Luke XV. 17. 20, Jer. xxxi. 18 — 20. Q. What is the truth of God ? — A. It is that perfection whereby he cannot but hate all deceit and falsehood. Q. How may the truth of God be distinguished 1 — A. Into his sincerity and his faithfulness. Q. What is the sincerity or uprightness of God ? — A. His speaking and acting as he thinks and designs. Q. How is God sincere when he offers his eternal life to such as are in his decree appointed to wrath ? — A. He is really willing to give salvation to all men to whom it is of- fered, if they would receive it ; and his decree no way ne- cessitates them to refuse it, John v. 40. THE ATTRIBUTES OP GOD. 41 Q. How can he be sincere in offering reprobates a sal- vation which was never purchased for them ? — A. The pur- chased salvation, and price thereof in itself, are equally ap- plicable to every gospel hearer : and therefore believe the gospel promise and offer who will, he shall be saved, John iii. 16, Mark xvi. 15, 16. Q. What is the veracity andi faithfulness o^ God? — A. That whereby he cannot but do as he hath said. Q. Wherein is God's faithfulness manifested 1 — A. In the exact accomplishment of all his promises, prophecies, and thrcatenings. Josh, xxiii. 14, Zech. i. 6. Q. Did not God's word fail of accomplishment, when Saul came not down to Keilah, and Nineveh was not de- stroyed in forty days, as he had said 1 — A. No ; for God's word bore no more than, that if David staid at Keilah, Saul should come down ; and if Nineveh did not repent, it should be destroyed, 1 Sam. xxiii., Jonah iii. Q. Do not unbelievers make God a liar, in stopping tlte fulfilment of the gospel promises 1 — A. They indeed call him a liar, and refuse the benefit of the promise to them- selves ; but their unbelief cannot make the faith of God of none effect, Rom. iv. 4, and ix. 6. Q. Wherein is God*s faithfulness most brightly manifest- ed 1 — A. In his fulfilling the most improbable promises and thrcatenings, though long suspended. Q. What was the most improbable promise ? — ^A. I^at of Christ's coming to die for us, Gen. iii. 15. Q. What made this pjomise appear difficult? — A. It was astonishing that God should stoop so low ; it required great power to unite our nature to his ; and infinite provocation had been given to cause him refuse such kindness, Jer. XXX iii. 22. Q. What appeared the most improbable threatening? — A. The threatening of God's wrath upon Christ as our surety, Zech. xiii. 7, Dan. ix. 24, Isa. hii. Q. What made this threatening appear difficult ? — A. God's infinite love to Christ his beloved Son. Q. How doth the accomplishment of such promises or threatenings, after being long suspended, shew the faithful- ness of God? — A. As it shews that God cannot forget his word or change his mind, Mai. i. 6. Q. When will God's truth (as well as his other perfec- tions) be most openly manifested? — A. In the day of judg- ment, 1 Tim. vi. 15, 16, 2 Thess. i. 6—10. 4* 42 Q. How will God's truth be then manifested 1 — A. In his rendering rewards and punishments exactly according to his promises and threatenings, Rom. ii. 16. Q. Wherein do God's justice, goodness, and truth differ from that justice, goodness, and truth which are in crea- tures 1 — A. God's justice, goodness and truth, are inde- pendent, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable ; but those of creatures are dependent, finite, created, and changeable. Q. How is God's truth sweet to believers? — A. It se- cures God's fulfilling of all promises to them. Q. How is it terrible to the wicked ? — A. It secures God's execution of all his threatenings upon them. Q,. How doth faith improve all the attributes of God 1 — A. It takes his wisdom for its guide ; his power for its strength; his holiness for its pattern ; his justice for its ad- vocate ; his goodness for its portion ; his truth for its secu- rity ; and all to be its plea before God, and the ground of its expectation of grace and glory. Quest. 5. Are there more Gods than one 7 Answ. There is but one only, the living and true God. Q. Whence do ye prove that there is hut one God ] — A. — From reason and scripture. Q. How doth reason prove that there is but one God 1 — A. It shews, that if there were more Gods than one, God could not be independent, infinite, almighty, &c. and so not God at all. Q. Why might not God be independent, though there were more Gods than one? — A. Because if there were more Gods than one, each behoved to depend on, and be bounded by the will of another. Q. Why might not God be infinite, though there were more Gods than one 1 — A. Because one infinite Being, possessing all divine perfections, sets limits to the perfection of every other being, and excludes them fi*om the posses- sion of divine perfections. Q. Why might not God be almighty, though there were more Gods than one ? — A. Because each could oppose and hinder the designs of another. Q. Could the world be governed, if there were more Gods than one ? — A. No : for all things would be directed to different and opposite ends at once. OP THE TRINITY. 43 Q. Why might not there be three Gods, as well as three persons in one Godhead 1 — A. Because three Gods could not be one and the same in substance, as the three divine persons are, John x. 30, 1 John v. 7. Q. How dotii the scripture prove there is but one God 1 — A. It expressly affirms, the Lord our God is one Lord : and there is no other God but one, Deut. vi. 4, 1 Cor. viii. 4. Q. Are there no others, besides the true God called gods in scripture? — A. Yes; angels, magistrates, idols, men's belly, and the devil are so called. Q. Why are angels called gods ? — A. Because they are most like God in spirituality, wisdom, and power. Q. Why are magistrates called gods ? — A. Because, as God*s deputies, they rule over others. Q Why are heathen idols called gods ? — A. Because blinded sinners worship and honour them as gods. Q. Why is men's belly called a god ? — A. Because many are chiefly careful to satisfy and please it, Phil. iii. 19. Q. Why is the devil called the god of this world ? — A. Because he rules over, and is honoured and worshipped as a god by the most part of mankind, 2 Cor. iv. 4. Q. Is not God sufficiently distinguished from these gods 1 — A. Yes : for he is the only living and true God, Jer. Ixv. 22, and x. 10, John xvii. 3, 1 John v. 22. Q. Why is he called the living God? — A. Because he hath life in himself and gives to others whatever life they have, natural, spiritual or eternal, John v. 26. Q. From whom doth this character, living God, especi- ally distinguish him 1 — A. From dead idols. Q. Why is he called the true God ? — A. Because he is possessed of all perfections in an infinite degree, which dis- tinguishes him from all others who are called gods. Quest. 6. How many persons are there in the God- head 7 Answ. There are three persons in the Godhead; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost : and these three are one God, the same in substance, equal in power and glory. Q. What is meant by the Godhead ? — A. The divine nature or essence, whereby God is what he is. Q. What is a person ? — A. A complete substance, which can think and act by itself. 44 OP THE TRINITY. Q. Are then irrational creatures persons ? — A. No ; for they cannot properly think. Q,. Is the human nature of Christ a person 1 — A. No ; for it never thought or acted but in union to his divine per- son, Isa. ix. 6, 7. 14, John i. 14. Q. Are men and angels persons, notwithstanding their dependence on God 1 — A. Yes ; for though they think and act dependently on God ; yet their thoughts and actions can not be properly called his but their own. Q. What is a person in the Godhead ? — A. It is the divine nature, as subsisting with a particular personal property. Q,. What is the difference between a created and a di- vine person 1 — A. Besides other differences, every created person has a different substance ; but all the three divine persons are the same in substance. Q. How is this distinguishing perfection of God, relative to persons in the Godhead, ordinarily called 1 — A. Trinity ; which signifies three in one. Q. Who are these three persons in the Godhead ? — A. The Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. Q. Is the residing or subsisting of the same divine na- ture in three distinct persons, as natural and necessary to it, as the very existence of it 1 — A. Yes ; it is altogether as natural and necessary, Exod. iii. 14. Q. Is it natural and necessary to the divine nature, to re- side in the first person as a father ; in the second as a Son ; and the third as one proceeding from the Father and Son ? — A. Yes ; there is nothing in the Godhead or any person in it, which is not natural and necessary in the highest sense, Exod. iii. 14. Q. Are then these three divine persons equally independ- ent upon one another? — A. Yes, Phil. ii. 6. Q. Doth the light of nature discover that the one divine nature subsists in three distinct persons 1 — A. No ; the un- corrupted light of nature discovers no more of God's per- fection than is necessary to our giving him that honour we owe him as the author of our being, if so much. Q. Can the reason of creatures comprehend the sub- stance of one divine nature in three persons ? — A. No ; no more than it can comprehend the infinity, eternity, &c., of God, Job xi. 7, and xxvi. 14. Q. Why have Satan and his instruments so much op- posed tlie doctrine of h e Trinity \ — A. Because it is a OP THE TRINITY. 4S^ fundamental truths upon which the whole work of redemp- tion, and all revealed rehgion, ore founded, John xvii. 3. Q. How is the whole work of redemption founded on it ? — A. Because if there had not been one divine per- son to send, and be the exacting judge, another to be sent as atoning surety, and a third to apply his purchase, we could not have been saved, 2 Cor. xiii. 14. Q. How is the whole of revealed religion founded on the doctrine of the Trinity t — A. Because we must wor- ship the Father, in the Son, and by the Spirit. Q. Is the knowledge of the doctrine of the Trinity ne- cessary to salvation 1 — A. Yes, John xvii. 3. Q. How can that be, when it is so mysterious ? — A. So is every thing in God ; and it is only necessary that we know and believe concerning it what the scripture plainly reveals in 1 John v. 7, 2 Cor. xiii. 14, &c. Q. How prove you that there are three persons in the Godhead 1 — A. The scripture affirms, that in the name of three divine persons baptism is administered ; and that these three bear witness to divine truths, bestow divine blessings, and acted different parts at Christ's baptism. Q. What different parts did these persons act at Christ's baptism? — A. The Father from heaven gave testimony to Christ, the Son stood on Jordan's bank, and the Holy Ghost descending upon him like a dove. Mat. iii. 16, 17. Q. How prove you that these three are persons, and not bare names or properties? — A. Because thinking, willing, and such acts and relations as are proper only to persons, are in scripture ascribed to each of them. Q. How do you prove that they are distinct persons from one another? — A. Because they have distinct offices in the work of redemption, and distinct personal properties, John xvi. 7. 15. Eph, i. 3—22. Q. What distinct office or agency have they in the work of redemption? — A. The Father proposeth, the Son pur- chaseth, and the Holy Ghost applieth it, Eph. i. 3. 22. Q. Whereby are these divine persons properly distin- guished ? — A. By their distinct personal properties. Q. What is the personal property of the Father? — A. To beget the Son, Psal. ii. 7. Q. What is the personal property of the Son ? — A. To be begotten of the Father, John i. 14. Q. What is the personal property of the Holy Ghost? — A. To proceed from the Father and Son, John xv. 26. 46 OP THE TRINITY. Q. How prove you that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son as well as from the Father? — A. Because he is called the Spirit of the Son, and is sent by him as well as by the Father, Gal. iv. 6. John xvii. 7. and xv. 26. Q. When did the Father beget the Son, and the Spirit proceed from both 1 — A. From all eternity, Psal, ii. 7. Q. Is it the divine nature or substance, absolutely con- sidered, that begets, is begotten, or proceeds 1 — A. No ; it is a divine person : the person of the Father begets, the person of the Son is begotten, and the person of the Holy Ghost proceeds from both, John i. 15. xv. 26. Q. Wherein doth a personal and an essential property differ 1 — A. An essential property is common to all the di- vine persons ; but a personal property is peculiar to one person, and incommunicable to another. Q. Are the properties of absolute independency, neces- sary existence, most high, and only true God, equally ap- plicable to all the divine persons'? — A. Yes; for these are absolute and essential, not personal properties. Q. Is it then safe to call the Father the fountain of the Godhend, or of the Trinity? — A. No, John x. 30. Q. Is it not a preferring of one person to another, to call the Father the first, the Son the second, and the Holy Ghost the third? — A. No; it only says they subsist and act in that order, Mat. xxviii. 19. Eph. i. 3 — 23. Q. Is it safe to say the Father begets the Son by know- ing himself, and that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the mutual love of Father and Son 1 — A. No ; for God's know- ledge and love, as in himself, are the very same. Q. How prove you that these three persons are one God? — A. There is but one God ; and all these three are in scripture called God and one, 1 John v. 7. John x. 30. Q. How can these three persons be one God ? — A. By their being the very same in substance, 1 John v. 7. Q. Has each of these persons only a part of the divine nature, and a substance perfectly like to one another? — A. No ; they have the very same divine substance, and each the whole of it ; for the divine essence is simple, and cannot be divided, John x. 30. 1 John v. 7. Q. If these persons be the same, how are they said to be epual ? — A. They are the same in substance and nature^ but they are equal as persons, 1 John v. 7. Q. Wherein are they as persons equal? — A. In all di- vine perfections and glory, 2 Cor. xiii. 14. OP THE TRINITY. «. Q. How prove you that the Father is God? — A. The scripture often affirms huu to be God; and none but Atheists ever doubted of it, Eph. i. 3. 17. Q. Is the father only God % — A. No. Q. How then is he called the only true Godl John xvii. 3. - — A. Though he be the only true God, so as to exclude all false gods ; yet that does not infer that he only is the true God, so as to exclude the Son and Holy Ghost from being the only true God, 1 John v. 7 — ^20. Q. How do you prove that the Son is God % — A. Be- cause the names, attributes, works, and worship proper to God, are given to him as well as the Father in scripture. Q. What divine names are given to the Son 1 — A. He is called Jehovah the great God, the God of Glory ^ &c. Isa. xlv. 24. Tit. ii. 13. Acts vii. 2, &c. Q. What divine attributes are ascribed to the Son \ — A. Eternity, unchangeableness, almighty power, knowledge of all things, and being every where present. Q. What divine works are ascribed to the Son ? — A. Creating and upholding all things, redeeming sinners, for- giving sins, raisuig the dead, judging the world, &c. John i. 2, Col. i. 17, Tit. ii. 14, Acts v. 31, i&c. Q. What divine worship is required and ascribed to the Son? — A. Honouring him even as the Father, believing, and being baptized in, and calling on his name. Q. How then is the Son called the Father's servant ; and liimself says. The Father is greater than I? — A. The meaning is only, that the Son, (not as Son, but) as man and Mediator, is inferior to the Father. Q. How do you prove that the Holy Ghost is God 1— A. Because the same divine names, attributes, works, and worship, are ascribed to him in scripture as to the Father and Son. Q. What divine names are given to the Holy Ghost ? — A. He is called Jehovah, God, S^c. Acts v. 4. Q. What divine attributes are ascribed to him 1 — A. Eternity, knowledge of all things, and being every where present, Heb. xi 14, 1 Cor. ii. 10. Q. What divine works are ascribed to him 1 — A. Crea- tion, formation of Christ's human nature, regeneration, and sanctification of sinners, &.c. Gen i. &c. Q. What divine worship is ascribed to the Spirit 1 — A. Prayer, praise, baptism in his name, &c. Rev. i. 4. Q. Can the mystery of the Trinity be illustrated by 48 similitudes 1 — A. No; whatever similitudes men have used to this purpose, have rather clouded than cast light upon it. Q,. What doth the denial of any of the divine perfections, or of the divinity of any of the persons in the Godhead, amount to 1 — A. To blasphemy and heresy. Q. What is blasphemy? — A. A reviling of God. Q. What is heresy ? — A. The denial of a fundamental truth by a professed church-member, especially if obsti- nately persisted in, 2 Tim. ii. 18, Tit. iii. 10. Q. How is the mystery of the Trinity terrible to the wicked ? — A. Because the wrath of all the three divine per- sons shall be eternally poured out upon them. Q. How is it sweet to believers 1 — A. Because these three persons do attest the gospel truths the saints beheve ; and shall be their infinite and eternal portion. V Quest. 7. What are the decrees of God? Answ. The decrees of God are, his eternal pur- pose, according to the counsel of his will, whereby, for his own glory, he hath fore-ordained whatsoever comes to pass. Q. What are these acts of God which we must know and believe 1 — A. His decree and the execution of it. Q. Wherein do these differ t — A. His decree is his agency within himself before time ; but the execution of it is his work without himself, begun in time. Q. What is a decree ? — A. Fore-ordaining what, and in what manner, things shall come to pass. Q. What hath God decreed and fore-ordained 1 — A. All things that come to pass. Acts xv. 18. Q. When did God decree all things ? — A. From all eter- nity. Acts XV. 18, Eph. i. 4. Q. According to what rule hath God decreed all tilings? — According to the counsel of his own will. Q. For what end hath God decreed all things 1 — A. For his own glory, and his people's good- Q. Are the decrees of God one or many ? — A. The de- creeing act of God is one, but the things decreed are many. Q. How is God's decree called in scripture 1 — A. A counsel, purpose, appointment, or determination. Q. Why is it called a counsell — A. Not as if God need- ed to deliberate ; but because of the great wisdom that is in it, Rom. xi. 33, 34, Eph. i. 11. OP GOD'S DECREES. W Q. Why is the decree called a purpose ? — A. Because God is fully resolved to execute it, Isa. xlv. 10. Q. Why is it called an appointment or determination ? — A. Because it is fixed by the highest authority. Q. What are the properties of the decrees of God? — A. They are eternal, holy, wise, absolute, and unchangeable. Q. How do you prove that God's decrees are eternal 1 — A. The decree of our salvation was before the foundation of the loorld ; all the works of God were then known to him, and are connected with our salvation, Eph. i. 4. Q. How do you prove that God's decrees are holy and wise? — A. Because the holy and wise God is the author of them ; and holiness and wisdom shine in the execution of them, Mark vii. 37, Psalm cxlv. 17. Q. What do you mean by the decrees of God being ab- solute 1 — A. That they are fixed by the will of God, with- out any dependence on the creature, Isa. Iv. 9. Q. How do you prove God's decrees are absolute ? — A. Because God cannot but foreknow all events, cannot want power to perform his designs ; nor can he subject his own will to a dependence on that of his creature. Q. Though the decreeing act depend not on any thing done by the creature, yet has not God in the decree fixed an inseparable dependence of the end upon the means, in the execution of the decrees 1 — A. Y^s ; he at once so fix- ed the end, and the means of obtaining it, that if men neg- lect the means, they must come short of the end, Acts xxvii. 24. 31, Mark xvi. 16, John iii. 36. Q. Ought we then to be as diligent in using the means of happiness for our souls and bodies, as if there were no decree ?— A. Yes, Deut. xxix. 39, Phil. ii. 12, 13. Q. What mean you by God's decree being unchangea- ble 1 — A. That nothing can fall out, either as to means or end, otherwise than as settled in the decree. Q. How prove you that God's decree is unchangeable? — A. Because God himself is unchangeable ; and has said his counsel shall stand, Isa. xlvi. 10, Psalm xxxiii. 9. 11. Q. Doth not this force the will of creatures, and cause them to act contrary to it ] — A. No ; the decree is so wisely laid as it cannot be frustrated, and yet as full scope allowed to the will of the creature, as if there were no decree, Acts xxvii. 27, 28, John vi. 37. 44, 45. Q. Are the most casual events, and the precise term of every man's life, immutably decreed 1 — A. Yes. 5 50 OP god's decrees. Q. How prove you that ? — A. Because such events have been often foretold ; and man's days and number of his months, are determined by God, and his hounds appointed that he cannot pass, 1 Kings xxii. 34, Job xiv. 5. Q. How then is God said to shorten men's lives 1 — A. Not by taking them away sooner than the appointed time, but by cutting them off sooner than the constitution of their bodies seemed to presage. Psalm Iv. 23. Q. Did not God add to Hezekiah's life after the appointed time of his death was come 1 — A. No ; he only added fifteen years to his life after he was struck with a disease that threat- ened sudden death, Isa. xxxviii. Q. How may the decrees of God as to their objects be dis- tinguished 1 — A. Into common and special. Q. What is God's common decree? — A. That which equal- ly extends to all things, Eph. i. 11. Q. What did God decree about creatures themselves 1 — A. To create, uphold, and govern them. Q. What did he decree about the matter and goodness of actions 1 — A. To eiFect that matter and goodness. Q. What did he decree with regard to the sinfulness of actions 1 — A. To permit, bound, and over-rule it to his own glory, Acts iv. 17. 28. and xiv. 16. Q. What is predestination, or God's great and special decree ? — A. It is the decree which unalterably settles the eternal state of angels and men, and the means thereof, Rom. ix. 22, 23, 1 Tim. v. 21. Q. If tlie eternal state of every man and angel be unal- terably settled, why need we pray, read, hear, &c., to make sure our eternal happiness 1 — A. Because the right use of these means is the decreed way of receiving Christ, in whom we obtain happiness ; even as eating and drinking are the necessary means of our living a natural life. Q. What are the two branches of predestination] — A. Election and reprobation, Rom. ix. 22, 23. Q. What is the election of angels ? — A. God's decree to continue and establish such particular angels in eternal holiness and happiness, 1 Tim. v. 21. Q. What is God's election of men 1 — A. His choosing certain persons of mankind from among the rest, and giving them to Christ to be redeemed from wrath, 1 Thess. v. 9. Q. Who are the elect of mankind? — A. Those that were chosen by God from all eternity to everlasting life, 1 Thess. i. 4. and V. 9, 2 Thess. ii. 13. Q. For what end were tijey chosen ? — A. For the praise of the glorv of God's fiee grace, Rom. ix. 23. Q. What reason or motive made God to choose any ?^ A. His own free love, Deut. vii. 7, 8, Eph. i. 4 — 7. Q. What made him choose some rather than others ?— A. His mere good pleasure, Exod. xxxiii. 19. Q. How prove you that we were not elected upon ac- count of our foreseen faith and holiness 1 — A. Because it is not in him that willeth, or of him that runneth, but in God that sheweth mercy; and faith and holiness are the fruits of election ; and so cannot be the cause of God's choosing us, Rom. ix. 16, 2 Thess. ii. 13. Q. Is Christ as Mediator the cause of election, or elect- ing love 1 — A. No ; the Father himself loved us. Q. What relation then hath Christ to our election 1 — A. He is the head of it, in whom we are chosen, and the great mean of accomplishing that purpose, Eph. i. 4. Q. How do you prove that men are elected? — A. The scripture speaks of some as vessels of mercy, afore prepared to glory ordained to eternal life, appointed and chosen to salvation, Rom. ix. 23. Q. How prove you that particular persons are elected T — A. Because otherwise Christ as an head might have for ever been wholly without members, Rom. ix. 13. 23. Q. How ought we to improve the decree of election ? — A. By taking encouragement to believe from the sover- eignty of God's love, and studying to have our election evidenced by our effectual calling and sanctification. Q. What is reprobation 1 — A. It is God's decree to per- mit unelected angels and men to fall into, and continue in sin, and to punish them for the same. Q. Is sin the cause of reprobation ? — A. Sin is the cause of damnation ; but God's sovereign will is the cause of re- probation, Rom. ix. 11 — 23. Q. Is not God partial, in appointing some to wrath, and others to happiness 1 — A. No; for though he give the elect what they deserve not, yet he inflicts nothing upon repro- bates, but what they well deserve. Q. Doth reprobation oblige any to sin 1 — A. No ; sin is wholly the creature's voluntary choice. Jam. i. 13. Q. What is the end of reprobation 1 — A. The glory of God's sovereignty and justice, Rom. ix. 22. Q. How should we improve this awful decree of reprq- &a OP CREATION. bation 1 — A. By flying speedily to Christ, that we may see that we are not included in it, Isa. Iv. 1 — 3. Q,UEST. 8. How doth God execute his decrees 7 Answ. God executeth his decrees in the works of creation and providence. Q. What do you mean by God's executing his decrees ? —A. His doing what he purposed in the decree. Q. When doth God execute his decrees'? — A. He begins the execution in time, and continues it through all eternity, Gen. 1. Matth. xxv. 46. Q,. Doth God fully execute his decrees 1 — A. Yes ; he worketh all things according to the counsel of his will. Q. In what are God's decrees executed 1 — A. In the works of creation and providence. Q. To which of these doth redemption-work belong ] — A. To providence, as the principal part thereof. Q. Wherein doth creation and providence diflTer'? — A. In creation God gives a being to creatures, and works with- out means ; in providence he upholds and directs his crea- tures, and ordinarily works by means. Q. Can the execution of God's decrees be hindered ? — A. No ; the frequent essays of devils and men to hinder it, are made means of promoting it, Psal. Ixxvi. 10. Quest. 9. What is the work of creation ? Answ. The work of creation is, God's making all things of nothing, by the word of his power, in the space of six days, and all very good. Q. In what did God begin the execution of his decree ? —A. In the creation of the world, Gen. i. Q. When did God create all things 1 — A. In the begin- ning of time, Gen. i. 1. Q. Was there no matter, or any thing else besides God, before the creation 1 — A. No. Hel). xi. 3. Q. How prove you that the world had a beginning 1 — A. Reason shews, and the scripture asserts it, Gen. i. Q. How do you prove from reason, that the world did not exist from eternity 1 — A. Because it is finite and changeable ; history reacheth but a few thousand years backward ; arts, sciences, and many other discoveries, are but very late, &.c, OP CREATION. 53 Q. Why might not the world come into being by mere chance'? — A. Because chance, being the mere want of de- sign, (or nothing) can produce nothing. Q. >V liy might not creatures make themselves 1 — A, Be- cause that which makes a thing, must be before it. Q. Who then is the alone Creator of all things? — A. God ; Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, Psal. xxxiii. 6. Q. How do you prove, that no creature did or could assist God in creation-work ? — A. Because, as there is an infinite distance between nothing and being, creation-work requires infinite power, which no creature can have. Q. What is meant by God's creating of things 1 — A. His making them out of nothing, Gen. i. 1. Q. What different kinds of creation are there? — A Two, viz. creation out of mere nothing, and creation out of unfit matter. Gen. i. 1 — 31. Q. What was created immediately out of mere nothing ? — A. Heaven, earth, light, angels, and the souls of men. Q. What did God create out of unfit matter? — A. Fishes, fowls, cattle, the body of man, &.c. Q. Out of what were the fishes and fowls made ? — A. — Out of the waters. Gen. i. 20. Q. Of what were cattle and creeping things made ? — A. Of earth, Gen. i. 24. Q. In what space of time did God create all things ? — A. In the space of six days, Exod. xx. 11. Q. Could not God have created all things in a moment? — A. Yes; there is nothing too hard for the Lord. Q. Why then took he up six days in creation-work? — A. That we might the better see the wise order of his work; and might imitate him in working six days, and resting on the seventh, Exod. ii. 9 — 11. Q. What was God's work on the first day? — A. He made the heavens, the earth, the light, and probably also the angels. Gen. i. 1. 3. Q. How does it seem probable that the angels were cre- ated on the first day ? — A. Because it is said, they shouted for joy, when God laid the corner-stone of the earth, Job xxviii. 6, 7. Q. What manner of creatures are angels? — A. Spirits, who have great wisdom and strength. Q,. Of wliat use are angels ? — A. To attend God in heaven, guard his people on earth, and destroy their en- emies, Matth. xviii. 10. Psal. xxxiv. 7. and xxxv. 5, 6. 5* 54 OP Creation. Q. In what estate were angels created 1 — A. In a most holy and happy estate, 2 Pet. ii. 4. Q. Did they all abide in that estate 1 — A. No ; many of them sinned and became devils, Jude vi. Q. What did God upon the second day I — A. He made the air and firmament, Gen. i. 6. Q. What did God upon the third day? — A. He sepa- ated the water fi-om the earth, and made the herbs, grass, and trees, Gen. i. 9. 11. Q. What did God upon the fourth day 1 — A. He made the sun, moon, and stars, and appointed them their mo- tions and use. Gen. i. 14. Q. What did God upon the fifth day? — A. He made the fishes and the fowls. Gen. i. 20. Q. What did God upon the sixth day? — A. He made cattle, creeping things, and man. Gen. i. 25, 26. Q. For what end did God make all things?- — A. For the glory of his own perfections, Prov. xvi. 4. d. What perfections of God were especially glorified in creation ? — A. His eternity, independence, wisdom, pow- er, holiness, goodness, &c. Psal. civ. 24. Q,. How was God's eternity manifested in creation ? — A. His making all things, shewed that he was before all things, John i. 1, 2. Psal. cii. 25. 27. Q. How was God's independence manifested in creation? — A. His giving a being to all things shews, that all things depend on him ; and that he is self-sufficient, and depends upon none, Rom. xi. 36. Q. By what did God make all things? — A. By the word of his power. Gen. i. 3. 6. &.c. Q. What was that word ? — A. Let them be. Q. In what condition did God make all things ? — A. He made all things very good ; that is, they were perfect in their kind, and fit to answer the ends for which they were made, Gen. i. 31. Q. How then are many things now very hurtful ? — A. Sin hath made them hurtful. Lam. iii. 33. 39. Q. How hath sin made irrational creatures hurtfid ? — A. Sin made man a rebel against God ; and therefore God hath made sundry creatures to hurt him, or what belongs to him, Deut. xxviii. 15. 68. Q. What evil is it that God is said to create ? — A. The evil of punishment, but not the evil of sin. 55 Q. Who created sin? — A. It cannot be created, as it hath no bein^ ; but the devil brouf^ht it into the world. Q. What did God upon the seventh day 1 — A. He there- on rested from all his work, Gen. ii. 2. Q. Was God wearied with his working six days ? — A. No ; he fainteth not, neither is weary, Isa. xl. 28. Q. What then doth his resting signify 1 — A. His ceasing from creation-work, and rejoicing in it, Gen. ii. I, 2. Q. Hath God created nothing since the first six days? — A. Though he still immediately creates the souls of infants, yet he has made no new species of creatures. Q. What may we learn from creation ? — A. To humble ourselves before God, and to trust in his power. Quest. 10. How did God create man? Answ. God created man male and female, after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holi- ness, with dominion over the creatures. Q. Which was the best and last creature which. God made on earth? — A. Man, who was to govern the rest. Gen. L 26, Matth. xvi. 26. Q. Why did God defer the creation of man till all other things were made ? — A. That man might be brought into the world as a well-furnished habitation. Q. What peculiar solemnity did God use in making man ? — A. A council of the divine persons was held for that purpose, Gen. i. 26. Q. Why was this solemnity used in making man ? — A. Because he only was to bear God's image, and be God's deputy on earth ; and in his nature the Son of God was to appear, Gen. i. 26. 28, Isa. vii. 14. Q. In what sexes did God create man ? — A. God created man male and female. Gen, i. 27. Q. Why was man so made ? — A. For the propagation of mankind, and their mutual helpfulness. Gen. ii. Q. Of what parts doth the nature of man consist? — A. Of two, a body and a soul, Eccl. xii. 7. Q. Wherein do a body and a soul differ ? — A. A body is an unthinking substance, which may be seen, felt, and divided into parts ; but a soul is a thinking substance, which cannot be seen, felt, divided into parts, or die. Q. Of what was the body of man created ? — A. Of the dust of the ground ; to teach us to be humble and mindful of death. Gen. ii. 7, and iii. 19. 56 OF man's creation. Q. Of what was the body of the woman formed? — A. Of a rib taken out of the man ; to teach us the great love and near equality that should take place between married persons, Gen. ii. 22. 24. Q. Of what were their souls made'? — A. Of nothing; God breathed them into their bodies, Gen. ii. 7. Q What doth that teach us? — A. How easily God cre- ateth, and that with the same ease he can call back our souls by death, Zech. xii. 1. Q. In what doth the soul of a mtyi and that of a beast, differ? — A. Beasts have no proper soul, and their spirit perisheth at death ; but man's soul can subsist when sepa- rated from the body, and liveth for ever. Q. How prove you that man's soul hveth for ever? — A. Christ paid an infinite price for its ransom; to it is made the promise of eternal life, or threatening of eternal death ; it cannot be killed with the body, but in death returns to God, Matth. x. 28. Eccl. xii. 7, &c. Q. What doth this teach us? — A. To be much more careful for our souls than our bodies, Matth. xvi. 26. Q. How is God as our Creator called in scripture ? — ^A. The Potter, and the Father of spirits. Q. Why is he called the Potter 1 Isa. Ixiv. 8. — A. Be- cause he forms our bodies out of clay, and can dispose of us as he pleases, Jer. xviii. 6. Q. Why is he called the Father of Spirits? Heb. xii. 9. — A. Because he creates angels and the souls of men. Q. How did God call the first man and woman when he had made them ? — A. Adajn ; which signifies either red earthy or beautiful^ or joined in love. Q. Why did God call them both by this name ? — A. That they might continually remember their low original, their near relation, and duty of love to one another; and their duty to God, to shew themselves the beauty of this lower world. Gen. ii. 7. 22. Q. How were they the beauty of this lower world? — A. In them the beauty of the heavenly and earthly creation, a most elegant body, and a rational spirit, were united into one person, Gen. i. 27, and ii. 7. Q. After whose image was man created? — A. After the image of God, Gen. i. 27. Q. Whether was man's soul or body properly made after the image of God? — A. His soul. Col. iii. 10. Q. How prove you that his body was not properly mad^ OP man's creation. gr- after the image of God ? — A. Because God hath no hody^ but is a most pure spirit, John xi. 24. Q. Wherein was man's soul made hke unto God ? — A In its substance and quahties. Q. How was man's soul made like unto God in its sub stance 1 — A. God is a Spirit, and it was made a spiritual substance, John iv. 24, Matth x. 28. Q. In what qualities was man's soul made like unto God? — A. In knowledge, righteousness, and holiness. Q. What knowledge had man at his creation 1 — A. Such a perfect knowledge of God, his will and works, as rendered him happy, and perfectly fit for his duty, Gen. iii. 22. Eccl. vii. 29. Q. What righteousness had man when created? — A. He was sweetly disposed, and perfectly able to render to God, and to others, what was their due. Q. What holiness had man at his creation ? — A. He was perfectly free from sin, loved and dehghted in the holi- ness, worship, and service of God, Eccl. vii. 29. Q. What flowed from Adam's likeness to God in know- ledge, righteousness, and hoHness ? — A. A likeness to God in honour and happiness. Q. How was man like God in honour ? — As God's de- puty he had dominion over the creatures, Psal. viii. 6. Q. Over what creatures had man dominion ? — A. Only over the creatures on earth, as fishes, fowls, cattle, creeping things, &c. Gen. i. 28, Psal. viii. 6^-8. Q. What happiness had man at his creation ? — A. He was free from all sorrow and death, and had sweet commu- nion with God, as his father and friend. Q. Where was man placed when created? — A. In the pleasant garden of Eden, which God planted. Gen. ii. Q. Why put he man into it? — A. To heighten his earthly happhiess, and that he might keep and dress it. Q. Did not God allow them to be idle in that estate ? — A. No ; all idleness is of the devil, 1 Tim. v. 13. Q. Was man's work then a toil to him ? — A. No ; it did not fatigue him, but was his pleasure and happiness, as he saw and enjoyed God in every thing. Q. What influence should the view of that holy and happy estate now have upon us ? — A. It should make us cry out with grief, Wo to us that we have sinned. 58 Q. 11* What are God^s works of providence^ A. God's works of providence, are his most holy, wise, and powerful preserving and governing all his creatures, and all their actions. Q. Wherein doth God still continue to execute his de- crees ? — A. In the works of providence. What call you the providence of God 1 — A. It is that care he taketh of his creatures. Q. What are the properties of God's care or providence? — A. It is most holy, wise, and powerful. Q. Wherein doth the holiness of God's providence ap- pear? — A. In its tendency to encourage holiness, dis- courage sin, and bring glory to God out of it. Q. How doth God bring glory to himself out of sin ?— A. In punishing it in some, forgiving it in others, and making the chief of sinners sometimes become the chief of saints, 2 Chron. xxxviii. 11, 12, 13, Acts ix. Q. How doth the wisdom of God's providence appear 1 — A. In his making all, even the worst things, tend to his own glory, and the good of his people ; and in causing one thing answer many ends at once, Rom. viii. 28. Q. Wherein doth the powerfiilness of God's providence appear 1 — A. In his irresistibly bringing about great events by weak or no means, or in opposition to them, Dan. iv. 34, Isa. xli. 14—16. Q. W^hat are the parts or branches of God's providen- tial care 1 — A. Preserving and governing his creatures. Q. What mean you by God's preserving his creatures? — A. His upholding them in their being and works. Q. What need is there of God's preserving his creatures ? — A. Because otherwise they would return to nothing. Q. What is meant by God's governing his creatures 1 — A. Directing them to the ends he hath appointed them. Q,. What need is there of God's governing all things 1 — A. Because otherwise they would run into confusion. Q. Whence do you prove, that God preserves and governs all things? — A. From the scripture and reason. Q. Ilow doth the scripture prove it? — A. It declares that God upholds all things and directs our steps, and that we live and move in him : and it foretold a multitude of events before they took place, Heb. i. 3,