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To his very dear friends,
Doctor Charles B. Marston and family,

of San Rafael, California,

this volume is affectionately inscribed

by the author.

A SQUADRON OF THE
UNITED STATES NAVY

On a Friendly Cruise Around
Latin America

'~'-

BY
WILLIAM WALLACE SWINYER

PRICE $1.50

Mail Orders to

The New Era Publishing Company
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CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE . .PAGE 1

San Diego, California; San Jose de Guatemala; Shark Fishing; The Southern
Cross; Burial at Sea; Balboa and Panama City; the I-anama Canal; Christobal and
Colon; Crossing the Line (HOT STUFF), etc.

CHAPTER TWO PAGE 14

Bahia, Brazil; Coaling Ship; Entrance to Guanabara Bay; English and French
Men of War; Fourth of July at Rio de Janeiro; Description of Rio de Janeiro and
the Brazilian Nation.

CHAPTER THREE PAGE 28

Reception at Montevideo; Young Men's Christian Association; The City of
Montevideo and Uruguay Described; Dr. Zorilla San Martin's Address; Ascent of
the Rio de Laplata; Death of Clay Tenney Lyles; Arrival at Buenos Aires; An In-
discreet German; Argentina's Reception; Notation on Argentina and Buenos Aires;
"La Epoca" Editorial.

CHAPTER FOUR PAGE 49

Transfer of the Admiral; Transferring the Home-going Draft to the Orion;
Woman Overboard; Death of Earl Crawford; Departure from Guanabara Bay;
Nature Through a Port Hole; A Glorious Sunset; Sunday on/ the Orion; "Home,
Sweet Home"; Description of Hampton Roads, including the Naval Hospital;
Yorktown Battlefield; Tomb of Washington.

SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER PAGE 60

Officers and Men Who Made History; Tribute to the American Bluejacket;
Author's Opinion of the U. S. Navy; Roster of Officers and Men; Discipline on a
Ship; Life Aboard Ship; Pan-American Nearly Solid in Pro- Ally Spirit; Log of
Dates and Distances; Facts and Fancies.

ILLUSTRATIONS

CHAPTER ONE Frontispiece; In Memoriam; The Pittsburg Entering Gatun
Locks; King Neptune and Hts ;Ccurt,- Initiation of Candidates; Neptune Versus
Napoleon.

? 4.th;at/Ri6 #e Janeiro (Seven Views); Another Cluster
of Seven Views at Rio;' Avenid/j, i^

CHAPTER THREE Interior of Y. M. C. A. at Montevideo; An Idea of an
American Sailor; Pro-Ally Demonstration at Buenos Aires (Five Views); Argentine
Parliament Building; A Vision in SPARS.

CHAPTER FOUR Another Fourth of July Scene; War Map of Latin
America.

.56

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PROLOGUE.

At the outset of the following story the writer begs leave to
mention that, as a result of the journey therein aibout to* be de-
scribed, his own ideas concerning Latin America have shifted.
Heretofore this particular domain has been a sort of minus quan-
tity that did not come within the radius of his scope.

Yes, North America hasn't a monopoly on all of the good
things that are to be found upon the Western Hemisphere, and
your humble servant is glad of it. Latin Americans are different,
but by no means inferior, to other enlightened people. Their coun-
try is ahead of North America in apparently so many important
ways as the latter excels the former in others. Surely all
Americans have reason to take pride in their own country, every
foot of it, from Hudson Bay to Cape Horn.

Each man of the United States squadron was so sincerely wel-
comed throughout Latin America that none of them, so far as I
know, had a chance to see anything that did not appeal to his
better nature. Therefore the writer is enabled to make mention
of only the things that ennoble rather than of those that degrade.

The southern portion of America undoubtedly has, just like
the region up north, many disturbing elements to contend with;
but, you may depend upon it, that it is strictly alert thereto. It is
amazing how so many discordant elements can be held so severely
in restraint as they are in most of the Latin American common-
wealths. The efficient manner in which United States sailors: were
everywhere shielded from petty annoyances pleased the lads.

When it comes right down to sincere hospitality, oh, say!
enough said ! \ Just go south once and there, under the southern
cross, learn the meaning of Simpatico. Satisfy yourself as to
whether the people are not of an unusually friendly type, and, if
this friendship is not genuine. A few of us, wiho had not journeyed
abroad before, expected to find a sort of semi-wilderness in the
southern clime. All of this notion was dispelled in the very first
Latin American town that we struck.

390592

IN MEMORIAM.

CLAY TEIN1VEY LYLES

Died July 22, 1917.
Body sent to Garland, Texas.

EARL HASTINGS CRAWFORD,

Died Sept. 19, 1917.
Buried at Houston, Texas.

E. D. WETTSTEIN,

Of Bremerton, Wash.,

Died May 16, 1917, in Guatemalan

Waters.
Buried at Sea.

A SQUADRON OF THE
UNITED STATES NAVY

On a Friendly Cruise Around
Latin America

CHAPTER I.

The writer enlisted in the United States Naval Coast Reserve,
for service on shore, and was not surprised at suddenly finding him-
self aboard of a cruiser. His presumption was that, after being
properly outfitted, he would be assigned to duty at some naval
station. Had he any idea that an extensive cruise was in store, then
a decided objection would have been made, and especially at San
Diego. However, he felt quite sanguine that, when his ship should
h-ave the latter harbor it would go north, but after passing Point
Loma. it turned south. Needless to say. he was then very much sur-
prised and realized that a perplexing- situation must be faced.

Throughout all of the extensive cruise that followed there was
so much of interest and so little of discomfort that it was a source
of pleasure to participate.

Admiral Caperton's squadron, consisting of the cruisers Pitts-
burg, Frederick, Pueblo and South Dakota, passed through the
Golden Gate April 25th. 1917, and headed south. After a pleasant
voyage, of five hundred miles, it came to anchor under the protect-
ing gams of Point Loma. Now, as everybody knows, the beautiful
city of San Diego. California, is safeguarded by these same guns,
and that it isi a metropolis) 'of unusual interest.

The first thing that attracted attention was a fleet of seven-
teen aeroplanes that were then in the, air, darting hither and yon
in preparation for possible eventualities. The second object of in-
terest was a larg'e rust covered steel ship that had just been re-
floated, and after it was stranded fourten years on a South
American island. This craft had just arrived and under it own mo-
tive power. The latter fact added to the rescue of so great a vessel
after it had been so long ! on the rocks caused general amazement.

During our stay here I made but a single journey ashore, and
that for the purpose of seeing the grounds' of the Panama-California
Exposition. Was astonished and charmed at the panorama that the
buildings and grounds, together with the swarms, of jet black doves
flying overhead presented. Beautiful beyond the possibility of jus-
tifiable description and decidedly original; this great achievement
does reflect credit upon the people of Southern California. The

A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

writer was privileged, to visit six of the world's great shows, begin-
ning with the mighty Columbian exhibit at Chicago, and at none of
these places were there such beautiful grounds as there are at San
Diego.

After weighing! anchor, on May 7th, the ships began a twenty-
three hundred mile run to San Jose de Guatemala, where they arrived
May 14th, and then laid too three miles distant from shore.

While the admiral, accompanied by his staff and the usual escort
of marine orderlies, were ashore, those of us who remained afloat en-
joyed ourselves' in various ways. Bathing was out of the question,
because of the immense number of sharks that swam lazily about.
A few of these monsters were of the man-eating variety (namely, ti-
ger sharks, with striped backs). These sharks afforded no little enjoy-
ment, as, several of them, one fourteen feet long, fell victims to our
fishermen. All hands were delighted with the balmy air and ex-
quisitely blue tropical sea waters. They were also interested in the
swarms of flying-fish that circled about at times not unlike a flock
of blackbirds. Each night all men who could find space, therefore,
slept out on deck and watched the peculiar antics of the Southern
Cross. The expression "peculiar" is here used, because the five star
constellation of the Southern Cross, that is seen only in southern lat-
itudes, seems to those who are unversed in astronomy to ignore the
accepted law's that govern the universe. While other luminaries pur-
sue the course of stupendous orbets, this cross apparently remains
in a fixed position slowly revolving on a central pivot. Another con-
stellation, also peculiar to Latin America, is that of the false cross.

It was pleasant to sleep out on deck here ; but the charm ended
when we were always driven to cover on account of the midnig'ht
daily tropical showers.

BURIAL AT SEA.

A sad incident closed our stay in these waters, when it became
necessary to (bury at sea the body of E. D. Wettstein, who died on
the cruiser South Dakota. Upon this occasion a twenty-mile run out
to sea was made, and there, in latitude 13 degrees, 30 minutes and 30
seconds north and longitude 90 degs., 50 minutes and 00* seconds west,
Wettstein 's body was buried. The surrounding water was literally
alive with sharks, that were disappointed when the heavily weighted
body sank with amazing swiftness to the very lowest depths of the
sea. Fleet Chaplain L. N. Taylor conducted the burial, under the
half-masted colors, upon the quarterdeck. This was in presence of
the entire ship's company. Spotless white was the uniform of the
day; except that the guard of honor wore, in addition to the regula-
tion whites, a black neckerchief. Shipmate Wettstein 's body, heavily
weighted and encased in a strong canvas bag, and enwrapped in the
national colors, was lying in state on the starboard side. At the close
of Chaplain Taylor's impressive eulogy, the body was consigned to
the sea, and, while it was sinking from sight, twelve marines fired a
three-volley salute. This was immediately followed by a very im-

A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 3

pressive sounding of taps by Bugler Dallighan, one of the very best
veteran buglers of the navy. It is reported that Dallighan performed
a similar service for the martyred President McKinley. As an espe-
cial tribute of respect to the deceased sailor, each officer of the ship
wore an arm baud of crepe that was: three inches wide.

The sea is now his winding- sheet,
Beneath the Southern Cross he lies asleep;
His dust is mingling with the sand,
That sweeps the shores of a foreign land.

The Admiral's Return.

After three days the admiral returned from his satisfactory visit
with Senor Cabrera, el Pr-esidente de Guatemala, and the cruise
was resumed May 17th. As the lofty volcanic mountain peaks of
(Guatemala disappeared from view, there were many expressions
of regr-et because it had not been possible for liberty leave in this
most friendly and beautiful country. Although the volcanic peaks
were of majestic mien, they impressed some of the lads with an
ominous feeling. This portent was especially significant in view
of the terrible catastrophe that has just overwhelmed that land.

Just prior to arrival of the American squadron, Guatemala
broke relations with Germany. Her example was followed by Nic-
aragua, Costa Rica and Honduras.

Directly after leaving the vicinity of Guatemala, and while the
squadron was pas*in<z by the coast of San Salvador, a terrible
earthquake devastated that land. Tt is unfortunate that the Ad-
miral did not learn of the disaster until his ships had gotten too
far away to 'be able to render assistance.

The one thousand-mile run from San Jose to Balboa was quite
interesting, especially as the fleet neared its destination, where
many picturesque islands were passed. Just prior to reaching port
and entering what is probably one of the longest stationary dry-
docks in the wo i-ld, the first wonder of the great Panama Canal
appeared at our rijrht. This is in reference to the mighty sea-wall
that was formed by uniting two mountainous' islands to the main-
land.

B'alboa is at the Pacific Ocean entrance to the Panama Canal,
and but four miles distant from Panama City, capital seat of the
Republic of Panama. We arrived at Balboa May 21st and the
Admiral then performed his second pleasant duty, of extending
the respects of Uncle Sam's government to another sister republic.
The result was that a cordial invitation was extended by President
Ramon Vakils to the personnel of the United States squadron to
accept the hospitality of the Republic of Panama. Now the boys
hadn't stepped over for a long time, and "they went to it like
greased lightning," and were well treated. Every ship was . dry-
docked, cleaned, painted and thoroughly overhaiiled prior to a
resumption of the journey May 24th. During the interim all parties
improved every moment of the liberty privilege inspecting a one
thousand foot drydock, the navy yard, the model city of Balboa, the

4 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

ancient Spanish town of Panama, the alligators lazily snooping
around in the water and the tropical foliage along shore. There are
probably no such commodious shops elsewhere as there are in the
navy yard here. No overcrowding of either men or machinery
and the latter of colossal proportions. But our government went
farther still and builded adjacent to this navy yard a city, that its
employees might be properly cared for. Prior to the commence-
ment of this: great work there was a warfare made to exterminate
mosquitoes, which were probably a greater menace here than they
were anywhere on the Western Hemisphere. You may ask how
about this? The reply is that, during our two weeks' sojourn in
the zone, we did not see a single mosquito or even a fly. Am drift-
ing and must return to the city of Balboa. This modern city, built
during the last three years, ranks very high from every viewpoint;
however, all facts relative to the place are of common knowledge ;
and I will, in passing, say that this fine airy town, with its model
homes, wide asphalted streets and superb sanitary conditions, is in
striking contrast to the old Spanish type neighboring city of
Panama. The latter town, being one of the oldest in America, is nat-
urally handicapped because of its antiquity. This latter place is
destined for a marvelous future, as it is widely awake and rapidly
eradicating the ancient style drawback features. Since the writer
visited the city but once, and that during the evening hours, he
cannot speak of the immense volume of historical facts that are so
necessary to round out this article.

A pretty farewell entertanment was provided by the good peo-
ple of Balboa for the boys, on the eve of their departure for passage
through the canal. This! is in reference to a dance, in the open air.
upon the finely paved boulevard that encircles the spacious public-
square. Per request, the entire band of our flagship furnished the
music. The best ladies of the city cheerfully danced with sailors,
and with sailors only, much to the chagrin of onlooking regular sol-
diers. (Never mind, g'ood fellows, they'll get to you yet.) Our lads
just covered themselves with glory and there wasn't a disorderly
man in the bunch. Just a word about the ladies, who were seen
at the ball. These women were mostly of the fair type of coun-
tenance ; but nearly all of them had a sort of wan, drawn faced ap-
pearance, that showed plainly the effect of the tropical climate in
which they live.

The Panama Canal.

There was but scant mention made of the city of Balboa and,
for 1 a like reason, it is unnecessary to make more than a short ref-
erence to the Panama Canal, which is conceded to be the greatest
of all engineering feats. At the outset kindly permit a statement
that. the mi.uhty Sault Ste Marie Canal, between the United States
and Canada, has some features that are even more interesting than
anything to be seen here. Three enormous double locks, the great
Culebra Cut, a mountain that was demolished and one that was
constructed, are the main attractions. Millions of dollars worth of

6 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

abandoned French machinery was sunk-en into a swamp and an
artificial hill erected thereupon. Now this hill was not built as a
monument to the courageous Frenchmen who first tackled the job,
but to impound the waters of a lake. The reason for demolition of
a mountain was to remove forever the lateral pressure that threat-
ened destruction to the canal. Some of the Frenchmen above re-
ferred to recently revisited the "zone," and in their astonishment
exclaimed, "We never dreamed that the Americans would build a
mountain." The entire ship's company was especially interested in
two enormous steel structures, at each lock, that revolve on a turn-
table and that carry an -extra gate (emergency dam), for dropping
into the position of any g'ate that should get out of order. The addi-
tional 'expense for this contrivance must have exceeded a million
dollars! for each lock. Then there are six powerful electric engines,
called donkeys, located at every lock, for towing each large ship.
which is barred from the use of its own motive power. A man who
claims to be properly advised stated that it cost the government $14.-
000 for the passage o,f each cruiser through the canal. Of course the
zone district is guarded by a large army that is equipped with the
mightiest ofi weapons. Furthermore, during the night time the en-
trances are constantly under the glare of huge revolving 1 search-
lights. It took eleven hours, on May 24th, to make the passage of
fifty-six miles and to coal ship at Christobal (emphasize on the "o"),
and meaning Christopher. Colon is Spanish for Columbus; so there
you have it, Christopher Columbus.

The government coaling station mentioned above is of the most
modern construction, and it has many surprises in store for the
uninitiated. An immense shout was let out by the boys when they
saw that a larg'e body of Jamaica negroes were about to come aboard
lor stowing away coal. (This task, as well as that of all of the coal-
ing work, is usually performed by the crew.) The Jamaica negroes
receive but $1.50 per day for performing the hardest kind of work
and in the warmest of weather. They are so rapidly replacing the
whites as to now comprise about one-half of the "zone" employees.
White people received more than twice the amount of pay for per-
forming the work that is now being done by Negro subjects of Great
Britain. Oh, yes, Uncle Sammy has an eye to business. Should you
call one of these Jamaicans a nigger he comes right back with, "I
ain't no nigga! No sah ! ! I's-e a Bridish subjec, I is !" The zone man-
agement designates the races as gold and silver men and signs thus
worded indicate the places where they are to separately assemble.

Again this story is sidetracked and must be shunted back to
the main line.

While our ship was making fast all hands carefully studied
the coaling outfit. They noticed on a high trestle that traversed
a dock at which a dozen ordinary ships could coal at one and the
same time, about forty large motor driven cars. These coal-laden
cars began to move forward and, almost before they realized it,
coal was rushing aboard from a dozen different conveyors and

A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 7

pouring through as many openings in the deck. The task was
completed in about one-sixth of the usual time and all was serene
aboard.

Christobal is the canal zone town adjacent to the negro city
of Colon, of small size and destined to grow.

The City of Colon. (Emphasize "on.")

Only a small percentage of the people here are other than of
the Negro race, and these few reside in the midst of cocoanut
groves at one side of the city proper. This town of 40,000 people,,
which is rapidly growing, consists of the regulation three-story
structures. On account of the prevalence of earthquakes, the- law
limits the height of buildings. Very narrow streets and razor-edge
alleys are characteristic of the place. The population is densely
packed in and there is serious danger of a conflagration or an epi-
demic. Our government is responsible for the model sanitary con-
ditions that prevail here. The masses of the people, although not
prosperous, are careful and take pride in their city. The swell
Negro organization of the place acted as an -escort to newly enlisted
British soldiers. This aggregation was it. Had the ancients seen
that glittering array of spell-binders, Solomon would never have
been mentioned. Each man of the bunch was caparisoned in an
entirely different style of a rich flowing robe with gaudy head
piece and a gold plated sword. Every loud color known was as-
sembeld in the make-up, and when straddled over a horse, these
Ethiopians did shine.

There was pleasure aboard ship when, on May 30th, the fleet
hcndcd out into the Carribean Sea for the 3600 mile run to Bahia,
B'razil. The distance was so great, probably one thousand miles,
to the farthermost northeastern point of South America, that it did
seem as though we never would make it and learn as to our prob-
able destination. Finally, after three days, the entire outfit turned
south, and we then knew that the equator was about to be crossed.

The writer will now scoot off' on a tangent, for a little hilarity
ere getting back to bedrock.

From the Log of a United States Man of War, While
"Crossing the Line."
Broken Out by Dad.

On the evening of June 9th, 1917, the mighty high Davy Jones,
scribe to his Equiatic Majesty King Neptune, suddenly appeared
aboard of the good ship Pittsburg, as she was en route to Bahia,
Brazil. His Excellency immediately posted the Royal Proclama-
tion, namely, to wit: "We will break out a hot time in the old
realm tomorrow; especially for each one of you officers and men
who has not blown hitherto hitherbefore. Then it was indeed ap-
parent that there was something in the wind, for were there not
signs of unusual activity upon the fo-c-sle? Why that platform
and all of those odd looking barber-chairs and why, oh why! the

8 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

huge tank that had suddenly appeared as if by magic ? Upon close
inspection it was seen that the chairs, above mentioned, operated
on a swivel, and that they were so arranged that persons seated
therein could be .suddenly dumped over backward and shot into the
tank below. Furthermore it was learned that the folowing un-
canny articles had, somehow or other, been hoisted aboard. Razors
and shears each two feet long, combs with teeth of six-penny nails ;
gigantic lather brushes; buck saws, rasps, tong's, etc., for dental
and surgical use. Finally there w r ere two quart squirt guns and
the never-to-be-forgotten medicines, that were to be used by the
Imperial Medical Staff. These medicines were of the startling va-
riety, as may well be imagined, and they certainly did make a hit.
First there was 1 a red hot emetic to be shot between the teeth, and
this was to be followed, by a nauseous paste for ramming into each
man's muzzle by the dirtiest hands that ever were seen. Last, but
by no means least, were the barrels of an admixture called gugu,
for smearing all over victims by resounding slaps of heavy brushes.
Yes, the gugu was an admixture, consisting of sand, graphite, vase-
line and other greases. It was no joke to be covered with this stuff,
whether it was done to a sailor in spotless white dress uniform, or
after he had been forcibly stripped and then daubed.

The medicines were prepared under direction of the ship's med-
ical officers and, although they looked uninviting, were not so bad
after all. The hands that administered these remedies owed their
muddy appearance to a coating of sweet chocolate.

Well, we hit the equator all right, ati 36 degs., 05 min. 00 sec.
west, between the South American and African continents. At the
psychological moment the ship's band struck up^a dead march as it
headed the royal procession. Old Neptune went right to bat, tied
her loose and let her went, and, believe me, he went some. In the
entourage of His Majesty there were learned judges, surgeons, doc-
tors of everything and an admiral, also a score of lesser lights. Of
these latter were the royal policemen, barbers, imps, lambasters, etc.
All of the foregoing were arranged in a manner suitable to their
respective stations, for didn't the doctors look wise in their tall hats,
long robes and huge glasses; and wasn't Painful Parker, the dentist,
a sight? And didn't the skull and cross bones emblazoned on the
surgeon's robes lend a cheerful air to the ensemble? Furthermore,
the entire bunch did shine resplendent in enormous wigs of un-
braided rope and hula hula garments of like material. It may be
said on the quiet that there wasn't a personage in the entire court
who was even a circumstance to Her Majesty the Queen, or to the
Royal Baby, who weighed 260 pounds and carried a gallon sized
nursing 'bottle. "Some Queen,'" shouted the boys, as Her Majesty
appeared next to nature ; except that the Royal personage was
draped in a striking sown of quite transparent material. "Hippo,"
the gigantic Negro baby, although naturally quite dark in color, was
made blacker still by a coating of grease and graphite and he sure
did shine to beat the band.

A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 9

Just as their majesties and the Royal Court ascended the dais
on the ceremonial platform the Royal Navigator appeared on the
bridge and assumed full command of the ship. This 1 official was a
grizzled old seafaring man, of aspect stern and dominating' will, and
he displayed enough medals to nearly sink the ship. Then there
were the huskies 1 who entered the tank to see to it that every one of
the thousand candidates should be accorded the privilege of a bath.
SOME BATH is putting it mildly ; especially because every head that
appeared above water during the process of bathing was vigorously
lambasted with a stuffed club. It was by no means a joke to be
dragged by the heels 'along the bottom of the tank, as the lads who
were thus treated can testify. Great care was exercised, however,
so that no accident occurred, and, therefore, the day ended with ev-
eryone, including the soup- hounds, in good humor. Only sailor lads
could stand the hard knocks that were handed out that day and then
"bob up serenely from below." His Highness "Hippo," the baby,
was destined to be much kissed during that festive day, but he took
it all in good part, as he always takes everything. "Hippo" is a pop-
ular guy because he is a first class prize-fighter.

As but eightjr members of the ship's company had crossed the
line before, it was strictly up to them to pilot the other one thousand
men over. Now this was a difficult task, as the following story will
show.

As a matter of fact. Uncle Sam's officers, despite their rank,
were not immune from the same treatment that was to be accorded
enlisted men. (The only reason why the rule was changed on this
occasion is because the men needed a little money.) These officers
did not know whether they were destined to taste the medicine, kiss
the baby, dance the hula hula, walk the plank, be smeared with tar
or dragged through the tank. Therefore, when the executive officer,
in dress uniform, headed the procession of candidates, everybody was
pleased and rent the air with tumultuous cheers. The executive met
the judge's unpitying eye in a dignified manner and received this
jolt: "Sir, you are guilty of cowardice for turning tail every time
that you have hitherto come near the line. Ten dollars!" "But.
your honor?" "No but? to me; when I holler it's law. Five more
bucks for contempt of court/ 1 "But hav-e 1 no rights?" "No, not
that you could mention it. Next!" An ensign, for being too popu-
lar, was staiig for ten ducats and forced to kiss the baby, and he
gracefully complied, while the crowd nearly yelled its head off. The
Chief Surgeon was euch-ered out of a substantial amount, because he
had the unmitigated gall to rush away from Germany just as war
was declared. Our ship's dentist came in for a fine of ten simoleoiis
because he had the bra /-en norve to enlist as a dentist when he should
have signed up as a blacksmith or plumber, and he had to dig up five
more cart Avheels because his teeth were dirty. The fleet chaplain
drew a fine of a pair of deuces because of his attempt to flirt with
Her Royal Majesty, three fives for loafing six days in the week and
a single bone for working on the Holy Sabbath day. Another officer

io A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

was held up for one million reis (a 100' rei piece of Brazilian money
is worth 2 1-8 cents). Each officer was charged with an alleged of-
fense that was contrary to fact ; therefore when one of these gentle-
men was booked for cowardice, for -excessive popularity, for being too
lenient, for always releasing a liberty party on time, then the boys
could not restrain their laughter. The six hundred dollars that was
collect-ed from officers and men paid expenses for a big blowout in
Rio.

Now for fun with the crew, inclusive of all petty officers, so you
will see that some of the officers did get it. Every one of these were
forced to run the gauntlet and to take final refuge with the de-
mons in the tank. An extra slam was always in store for tough
guys, petty officers, marines, yeomen, Asiatics, etc., not in a spirit
of meanness, but to add pep to the fun. A double distilled streak
of lightning never failed to strike the rough-neck, inclusive of all
who had to be searched out and brought forth in irons.

"Ah! the first victim, a tough guy! A marine, a submarine.
Submerge the Leatherneck ! Soak 'im! Soak 'im! Give it to 'im!
Another tough guy! Ah, strip the guy! That's a hard boiled one!
Six-0-Six, U-53 ! Oh, have a heart ! Shut up, you fool ; he 's tough
and can stand it ! G it that petty officer ! he 's our meat ! Make him
dance the hula hula and kiss the bab} r ! A yeoman, some politician !
Cut off his hair! Oh, the gall of that guy with the whiskers in imi-
tation of the captain of this ship ! Cut off those whiskers, carve
them deep!"

The foregoing is only a faint imitation of the terriffic din that
filled the air throughout all of that eventful day. As each man
appeared he was promptly sentenced, regardless of everything.
Some to dance the hula hula or Sal-o-My, while the band tooted;
others to kiss 'baby "Hippo," -etc. As a grand finale the hapless
victims were rushed, hauled and pushed through a menacing array
of dentists, surgeons and lambasters to the. dope fiend doctors.
Then, swish! They got it between the teeth from a two-quart
squirt gun, after which their mouths were jambed full of a nau-
seous mass of junk. Lastly they were shaven and shorn, smeared
from top to toe, and then hurled violently backward into the
tank. This tank was, by all odds, the toughest part of the fun.
woe betide the man who pat up a fight in the tank ; because he was
hurled back upon the platform for the second degree. The tough
guy had about as much show in the tank as a celluloid cat would
have in chasing an asbestos rat through hell. Finally, at the end
of the ordeal, every man scurried away to either wash or destroy
paint covered clothes.

Addenda Concerning 1 Her Majesty the Queen.

Incidentally permit the infusion of a little more light relative^
to the above subject, commencing with the following statement:
Society buds will readily understand the French terms herein em-

12 '' A' friendly 'Cruise Around Latin America

ployed, and that any seafaring man can stand :by long enough to
'break out the nautical terms used.

The Queen was a dainty craft, of the clipper variety, with
long- hemjpen tresses (unbraided rope) flying at the peak; then
there were lavender colored socks of appropriate shade to match
the very transparent royal robe. This wonderful garment was re-
plete in decollete, demi-tasse. I swan to goodness and other catchy
effects. It caught the crowd; for wasn't royalty exposed to the
elements, except for a scanty garment that the ladies call lingerie.
This article, of meager width, was stayed fore and aft and shrouded
about amidships. The train of Her Majesty's robe was hoisted aloft
by Aeolus and Olus.

The ancient Greeks inform us that Aeolus and Olus are the
little twin gods of the wind that Neptune always keeps on the hur-
ricane deck for the purpose of raising the wind and other things.
Oh, yes. The Queen was a crackajack, outclassing the fair, seven
times married, Lillian Russell, and each one of the forgotten num-
ber of the wives of Nat Goodwin. The boys suspected the Queen
of treachery and imagined that she, he, or whatever it was, had
put one over on them. However, the writer passes the buck up to the
crew.

14* A 'Fnendly Cruise Around Latin America

CHAPTER TWO.

The balance of this article was not written until all of the
places therein described had been visited and carefully compared.
Most of the data is relative to things that were seen, or that was
Cleaned from various public records through the medium of in-
terpreters. The balance was furnished by persons who have an
extensive knowledge of Latin America. An enormous amount
of the information received was so tantalizing- in character that it
could not be verified ; therefore it had to be discarded. It is by no
means an easy task to get reliable information hastily, and in coun-
tries where one does* not speak the language of its people.

After passing over the equator, and sailing for three days, the
land of South America, where the shore line is of a chalky white
substance, appeared. Not a little quite pretty scenery was then
passed, ere the squadron came to anchor in a very spacious bay.
This was on June 15th. The usual salutes were then exchanged,
after which all hands carefully scanned and commented upon the
most beautiful waterfront view; natural surroundings excepted,
that was seen on the eastern shores of South America during 1 the
cruise. Only one liberty party, that of the port watch, w r ent over
the side, however. The starboard contingent failed to make it, 'be-
cause of the rough weather that prevailed. For this reason but a
limited description can be given of the oldest city, which was also
the first seat of government in Brazil.

*%
Bahia, Brazil.

Bahia (Baea. sound the first syllable like the blatting' of a sheep,
"B'a.") This city was founded in 1514 by Thome de Souza, the
first Portuguese Governor General of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro is
today the largest city in the nation, and then comes Sao Paulo (San
Powlo), the most up to date city, and Bahia ranks third in size.
This latter city boasts of having, still in daily use, the oldets church
edifice in America. She also claims possession of the greatest ag-
gregation of wealth under ecclesiastical control o,f any city in South
America. A newspaper man at Rio de Janeiro stated that the
church owns ten thousand buildings in the vicinity of Bahia. This
city, th? name of which means bay, lies on the sloping 1 shores of a
bay, around which rubber, coffee and fruits are produced; how-
ever coffee is not so extensively cultivated here as it is in the state
of Sao Paulo. All fruits seem to be of an inferior type, except
oranges, which are of a better flavor than any that are grown in
North America. The waterfront vista of Bahia is one of surpassing
loveliness, but the city itself fail. si to keep pace with the perspective
from the bay. This, however, is not to be wondered at, as this old-
est of cities is< located in a very rocky spot, and because it would

A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 15

be a herculean task to remedy the defects, that are due to antiquated
methods of construction.

Beautiful large white buildings show their facades through
green foliage, and all over an extensive hillside, that slopes gently
back to an elevation of four hundred feet. These structures glisten
in the sunshine and reflect their outline upon the waters below.
Crowning: the eminence, and in the midst of lofty cocoanut palms,
there is a fine display of architectural effects. Cupolas and domes
galore, but no spires, steeples or minarets. Magnificent church
buildings everywhere; in fact there must be fully thirty of such
structures in plain, sight from the bay.

Two car lines ascend a very steep incline and, in some cases,
ordinary -elevators hoist people directly upward from one street
to another. Was sorry to not have been permitted to enter, so
noted a city to see the many things that are of decided interest
there.

Prior to departure for a port farther south, we coaled ship in
the midst of and despite a turbulent sea. All hands were astonished
when the Nerius. an up to date, very large collier, ran alongside
ready for business. This vessel i- equipped with twenty-four mon-
ster coaling booms, twelve on each side, that sling 1 over huge coal-
laden "clami shells." These "clams" came aboard with amazing
Mviftncss. while the collier was pitching about in gre.it shape, and
we were coaled in a jiffy. Coaling ship is usually done from light-
ers, and it; is then an all day's job. during which everybody, includ-
ing father, works; excep.t that then the band plays. During coaling
time the "soup-hounds" pass around with coffee and hot dog sand-
wiches. (Hot dogs comingled with coal dust make an excellent
diet.)

Directly after coaling, on June 21st, away we sailed upon the
800-mile run to Rio de .lam-in), whither \ve arrived onlhe 23rd. The
squadron was now leaving the tropics for a land where the winter
s ason prevails 1 while it is summer time in North America. Near the
end of this particular trip the towering mountains of th-e mainland
and many lofty islands, beautiful beyond description, appeared.
Shortly thereafter the Brazilian dread naught. Minas Geraes. to-
gether with the battleship Sao Paulo and a flotilla of large torpedo
boats, hove in sight.

After our flagship had saluted Brazil and Almirante Alexan-
drine de Alencar had returned the same, then the Brazilian squad-
ron escorted the United States of America's fleet to an anchorage.
During this journey there were salutes galore, and Uncle Sam's men
will not soon forget the awe inspiring sights that constantly burst
upon their vision as th-e combined squadrons swept on proudly into
port. Almost directly after Admiral Caperton's ships had tied up
to float in v buoys and his flagship had again saluted in honor of
IJra/il. then another round of salutes followed. This was in conse-
quence of the arrival of three English and one French men-of-war.

16 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

The Frenchman presented a novel appearance with its herd of live
cattle, that was quartered on the top side. (Frenchmen believe in
having fresh meat.)

After the preliminary excitement it developed that the United
States of America's Admiral happened to be senior in command of
all battle craft that was in the harbor and he was recognized as
such.

Prior to describing! Rio de Janeiro, it is fitting that a more com-
plete description should be given relative to what transpired while
the allied fleets remained in Guanabara Bay; so here goes in a ram-
bling fashion. A Brazilian official answered the direct question
thusly : "Yes, sir, the Roosevelt expedition did make a most notable
discovery and the River of Doubt became one of Reality." There
was enough of saluting, during the first few days at Rio. to suit even
the most fastidious. Every morning the Brazilian, English and
French ships fired the customary salutes in honor of the ranking
admiral and our flagship returned the same. During the half hour
necessary for all of' the above, every sailor in port stood at atten-
tion, and' they breathed a sigh of relief when it was over. As each
nation was saluted, of course its colors were broken out at all mast-
heads, while the band of the flagship, upon which I was a passen-
g'er, played the respective national anthems. The marines of Brazil
are the smartest dressed men in the service of that nation. These
men shine resplendent in white Highlander caps, red coats, blue
trousers and high topped shiny 'boots. The marine band is uniformed
in spotless white with swords adangle. Other soldiers, sailors, ca-
dets, police, firemen, etc., appear in strikingly different apparel. It
is likely that no other nation, of the land that the Spaniards dis-
covered, takes a keener pride in the appearance of its servitors than
does Brazil. Oh, by the way! Sundays and holidays are far more
carefully observed all over South America than they are in the
states.

r
The Fourth of July at Rio de Janeiro.

The United States of America was decidedly honored on this
immortal day and as she has seldom, if ever been honored thereto-
fore. Early in the morning it was noticed that the Star Spangled
Banner was about the only flag in sight, either afloat or on shore.
Every available gain roared out a mighty salute to the land of the
free and the home of the brave, and for. the first time in history,
English war craft remained in the same port with those of the
Yankees, on the fourth day of July, and what is 1 more significant,
the Engilshmen not only saluted the American colors, but they also
proudly marched with the Brazilian. French and United States forces
in honor of thisi day. Hurrah for Johnny Bull ! So said we all of us.
Our naval forces were in the van of a procession that marched
through thirty miles of densely packed people. Thunders of ap-
plause and showers of flowers greeted the boys as they marched on,
proud of their country and happy because they were in its service.

1 8 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

After the procession had ended the Brazilian populace, tog-ether with
the European allied sailors, vied with each other in honoring, the
North American sailors and marines.

Our squadron made it a point to return to Brazilian w r at-ers in
time to return the compliment, and help out in the celebration of
that nation's natal day, September 7th.

As all South American cities are very much alik-e in most re-
spects, the writer, in describing: them, will for the sake of a diversi-
fied story, avoid repetition so far as possble. He will endeavor to
specially emphasize some particular line of features and events after
minutely describing th-e only city that he had sufficient opportunity
to study well.

' i

Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janero.)

The dream city, with a population of 1,100,000. This metropolis
ow'es its name to a singular error of observation that was made by
its discoverer, w 7 ho mistook for a river the beautiful sheet of water
that proved to be a spacious bay. After Pedro Alvarez Cabral had
discovered and unfurled the 1 standard of his country over the terri-
tory of Brazil^ then Almirante Goncalvo 1 Co-elho was dispatched to
explore along the shore line of the newly acquired possession. This
admiral discovered what is now the celebrated Guanabara Bay
(Arm of the Sea), on January 1st, 1535. On the ibanks of this bay
he founded a town and named it Rio de Janeiro, meaning the River
of Januar}'. Sailors, who have seen the harbors of the world, de-
clare the one at Sydney, Australia, to be the finest, and that Guana-
bara Bay com.es next.

It requires a more prolific writer than yours truly to fittingly
describe Rio de Janeiro, the kind of a city that poets rave over and
that artists delight to honor. The habitation of a happy, progressive
and broad-minded people. Our lads left this city with regret, hoping
for the privilege to return. The unsurpassing 1 cleanliness of every
thoroughfare, together with absence of wooden buildings, blaring
sign boards and residences that are usually without chimneys. I say
that these are facts that command instant attention. During the
night time eve^ street, all-ey and bypath is flooded and thoroughly
scrubbed. It is furthermore apparent that the entire city is kept
under the strictest possible sanitary, fire and polic-e regulation.

This town nestles amid a lofty mountain range, that encircles
the bay and forces its stately peaks above the clouds. Many large
white buildings p-eer out through tropical foliage that adorns the
mountain sides, and these glisten in the noonday sun. Lastly, several
mountainous islands, also vine clad and covered with buildings, beau-
tify the bay and entrance thereto. But, oh, the shoreline! That's
the clincher from start to finish.

The new arrival marvels at the graceful curves that ten miles
of the shore line on either side of the bay* presents. After studying
the perspective in wonder he usually exclaims, "Where, oh where,
are the docks?" Let us investigate "and see if there are any docks,

A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 19

piers, warehouses, etc. To do this we must pass under a fine suspen-
sion bridge, turn sharply to the left and there we see the Caes do
porto (docks of the port.) These docks, which are among- the finest
in the world, extend along a perfectly straight embankment for a
mile and a half, and the largest of ships land thereat. This landing
place, as well as all others seen by us in South America, is protected
'by massive blocks of hewn granite. However, the entire water-front
at Rio is protected in like manner and at an inconceivable expense.
The warehouses here are all of white granite, artistic in apperwance,
exactly alike and extending also in a straight line beyond the range
of vision. Along the outer edge of the embankment there are count-
less traveling cranes, of German make, arranged in keeping with the
straight line ensemble. A large fleet of interned German steamers
was seen from this point. Strange to relate, there isn't a dead wall,
unsightly building, ugly sign-board or any rubbish even in this vicin-
ity. Thus the vision of cleanliness continues.

The extensively curved shore-line, that has already been men-
tioned, embraces land of several hundred feet in width, throughout
its entire length. This land has always remained in possession of the
commonwealth ; is used for public purposes only and safeguarded
against every vestige of unsightliness. This district is traversed
throughout its entire length by on-e of the finest boulevards extant;
consisting of three broad parallel drivew.-ivs. Intervening between
these drives there are fine strips of green sward, that are adorned
with shrubbery, statues, fountains, ornamental settees, etc.

There are also other fine avenues (avenidas) and an unusual
number of parks that are replete in scenic effects ; especially statuary,
monuments, etc. ; in fact there must be fully five hundred monuments
out in the open air of this city. The European custom of taking an
evening's siesta at tables that are placed) under shade trees, along
the broad w-alks, in front of cafes, prevails in Rio, and also at Mon-
tevideo and Buenos Aires. While thus seated our party carefully
studied the people who passed, and we were impress-ed with the lofty
bearing of the men and the pleasant faced and extremely modest de-
meanor of all women. Whether richly gowned or garbed in simple
fashion, it was all the same, modesty is evidently characteristic of the,
women of Brazil. The raiment of these women, and especially their
sharp cut headgear, arranged in angular and peaked effects, was in-
t-eivstingly different than any of our party had hitherto seen. The
men invariably wore kid gloves, carried canes and smoked cigarettes.

It was a charming diversion to observe these people, as they
paused anon to admire displays of the finest stocks of jewelry that
are to be seen in America. Parties that entered the many fashion-
able theaters would compare favorably with their prototype in North
America. Most of the sidewalks are constructed of Limoge stone,
that is imported from Portugal, and they are works of art in black
and white. These mosaic walks have fine tesselated borders and
various designs of bold relief, inlaid. There are many narrow
streets and alleys, none of which are in bad condition.

2O A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

The National Botanical Garden contains, probably, the best
display of tropical and Oriental trees and shrubbery that there is
to be found in any other one place. In this garden there are
flourishing specimens of more than nine hundred different kinds
of palms, including the mother palm that was planted in 1808.
This palm is 115 feet tall, and from it sprang the millions! of sim-
ilar trees that are flourishing throughout Brazil. Several ave-
nues, that are bordered by these stately palms, are objects of iir-
terest throughout the city. There ar-e also growing in this gar-
den every known species of spice, tea, coffee, rubber and bamboos
galore.

The National Museum is at Boa Vista Park, and housed in the
erstwhile palace of the emperors of Brazil. This museum contains
an astonishing display of ethnological, botanical ond natural his-
tory objects. In the collection there are birds, butterflies, shells,
reptiles, etc., of infinite variety. Every color and even the most
delicate tints of the rainbow are clearly defined in the above, and
the sizes range from the most minute to the very largest known.
It would require fully a month's constant writing to fittingly de-
scribe either the garden or museum, so I will give up the task be-
fore beginning 1 . As a matter of fact, Montevideo and Buenos Aires
also possess mighty museums, art galleries, etc., and it is impos-
sible to decide which city excels in either respect.

Pao de Assucar (Sugar Loaf, and also known as Dog Face
mountain), 1185 feet, and Mount Corcovado, 2312 feet high, are
easy of ascent ; the former on a car suspended from a cable and
the latter by cog wheel train. While en route to the summit of
Sugar Loaf I suddenly found myself directly over a gorge 800
feet below, and it occurred to me that I would become badly tan-
gled up should the cable break. The fine crescent shaped beaches
at San Francisco, Leme and Botofogo Bay, zoological gardens, pub-
lic 'buildings, Palaeio Monroe (named in honor of the Monroe Doc-
trine), Theatro Municipal, etc., should not be missed. The theater
mentioned does probably exceed in magnificenc'e any playhouse in
America. (Gorgeous theatrical structures are, in fact, typical of
all Latin American cities and those at Buenos Aires and Monte-
video are also of surpassing excellence.)

Of course it goes without saying that, in such a model city.
there must be magnificent churches, and among these. Our Lady
of the Candelaria is a structure that required one hundred and
thirty-five years to erect.

At the close of a beautiful day, and as I was about to leave
a wonderful cemetery, it was my privilege to witness the weird
ceremonial of a torchlight burial service. All of the cemeteries
that I visited in Latin America are distinctively different and al-
together dissimilar to any seen theretofore. In Latin American
cemeteries the fact is strongly emphasized that the living certainly
consider that the cradle and the coffin do not mark the extremes

Courtesy of Revista tie Lemana. Rio do Janeiro.

22 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

of man's career; therefore Brazilians lavish affectionate regard
for the sacred habitat of the dead.

The United States of the Republic of Brazil.

The following accurate information was secured from the
national archives and also from the "Handbook of Rio.de Janeiro":

In 1535 Pope Alexander VI arbitrated between Portugal and
Spain relative to certain sections of South America. His Holiness
awarded unto Spain the district south of a line that he traced on
the map, and Portugal secured the more northerly region. As a
result Brazil w j as then extensively peopled with immigrants from
Portugal and Argentina, Uruguay, etc., with those from Spain.

Brazilians claim that Portuguese navigators, from the Azores
dnd Madeira, landed on the West Indies and also upon the North
and South American continents prior to 1450. If this is so, then
Columbus was a little late; but how about Lief Irickson?

Brazil was discovered Easter Sunday (Paschoel), April 23rd,
1500. and it was named after a dye-w'ood for which the country is
famous. The discoverer was Pedro Alvarez Cabral, a celebrated
Portuguese navigator. Several years after Cabral's death his re-
mains were transported from Portugal and solemnly reinterred in
the tower of a cathedral at Rio de Janeiro. This country was gov-
erned from Portugal until the month of February, 1818, when King
Joah VI transferred his seat of government from Lisbon, Portugal,
to Rio de Janeiro. Thus, for the only time in history, was a Euro-
pean country governed from American soil. In 1540 Captain Fran-
cisco Orellana, one of Pizarro's officers in the conquest of Peru,
descended the Amazon river in an open boat and, in some manner,
reach-ed Spain and secured reinforcements. This feat of descending
the Amazon is declared to be the most amazing feat in history. A
melancholy incident, of many years since, w'as the execution of
the great Brazilian hero, Tira-dentes (tooth-puller), who was pub-
licly drawn and quartered in Rio de Janeiro. This event greatly
accelerated the bitter feeling against Portugal and aided in the cause
of freedom.

King Joah finally returned to Portugal, leaving his son, Dom
Pedro, to govern the American province. Shortly thereafter Bra-
zil revolted from Portugal and made Dom Pedro Emperor, and in
1824 the Portuguese government acquiesced to th change. The
first Emperor eventually o;ave way to the second Dom Pedro, who
was crowned the lat Emperor, on July 18th, 1841. Dom Pedro II
was expelled from the country and, as the marvelous grandeur of
Guanabara Bay faded from his vision, the aged exile was crushed
in spirit, and, with a broken h-eart, he soon died, but among friends
in Portugal. Brazilians do not reflect upon the character of Dom
Pedro II and, in lieu thereof, many commendable things are said in
his praise. The republic was finally proclaimed November loth,
1880.

Abolition of slavery in the United States of America led di-

24 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

rectly to similar action in Brazil, when on May 13th, 1888, a decree
abolishing slavery was promulgated. Sao Paulo is the richest and
most progressive state in the country. Its capital city, of the same
name, made the surprising record of increasing in population from
25,000 to 380,000 during the last thirty years. This state exports
annually more than two-thirds of the entire coffee production of
the world (210,000,000 pounds). The Caminho do Padre Jose
(Trail of Father Jose) in the state of Sao Paulo, corresponds in im-
portance to El Camino Real (The Real Road) of California.

I herewith copy verbatim, from the handbook of Rio de Ja-
neiro, the following relative to the wonderful people of the state

of Sao Paulo :

"In the humble village of Santo Andre a race was born, half
Indian, half Portuguese, the M'amelucos. Enterprising 1 , fearless, re-
lentless to the point of barbarism, superhuman in their hardiness,
endurance and the cheerful manner in which they undertook and
accomplished seemingly impossible tasks. It may be safely said that,
if the Mamelucos did not make European civilization possible in
Southern Brazil, that they at x least advanced its coming and devel-
opment some hundreds of years. The Mamelucos subjected to sla-
very whole Indian tribes for tilling the soil. After this they pene-
trated the entire surrounding country and even entered Bolivia,
despite swarms of cannibalistic savages. They wrested several
great provinces from Spain, chased the French out of Rio de Ja-
neiro, discovered the best gold and diamond districts in Brazil and
broke up a great organization of renegades, that the Dutch had
long tried to suppress. When the governor of Bahia finally called
upon them to help subdue a powerful Indian nation, the Mamelucos
pitched in and massacred the entire tribe. Yes, Brazil owes a great
deal to the Mameluco race."

Extracts From the Brazilian Constitution.

The President is elected for a four-year term, without the priv-
ilege of re-election. Each state has the right to place export taxes
upon anything that is produced in that state and she must surren-
der all criminals that are wanted by a sister state. Deputies and
senators are barred from official connection with any bank or
other enterprise that has dealings with the government. All na-
tives are considered citizens ; except those whose fathers are in the
service of a foreign land. Foreigners who own property in Brazil,
or are married to Brazilian women, or who have Brazilian chil-
dren; provided that they live in Brazil, unless they declare in favor
of a foreign land, these are all citizens. Members of religious
orders, beggars, alphabets and criminals, during the period of pun-
ishment, are barred from citizenship. Civil marriages only are
recognized 'by the government. The death penalty, except for
treason, was long 1 since abolished. Finally the constitution de-
clares that, (under no circumstances, will the nation engage in war-

26 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

fare for the purpose of conquest. Wenceslau Braz is now Presi-
dent of this, country.

On October 7th the Republic of Panama followed the exam-
ple of Brazil and also of several other Latin American nations in
legalizing civil marriages only.

Caught on the Fly.

In traveling all over Rio de Janeiro the following additional
objects were noticed: A picturesque stone aqueduct, elevated
railroads and mighty fortifications; in fact, everything necessary
to the well being of its people. All residences are of -either mar-
ble, granite or cement. Those Who are wealthy reside in hand-
some mansions ; the middle class in fine homes, on 50-foot lots,
and the poor in nice clean houses. There is no apparent overcrowd-
ing 1 . A noteworthy feature of the towns in this part of South
America is that a large percentage of all homes are located behinl
ornamental iron fences that are ten feet high. Rio does not build
skyscrapers and the nearest approach thereto is an occasional six
or seven story structure, the rest averaging three stories in height.
Artistic fronts and brilliant color effects; is the rule in this coun-
try. North Americans must " watch their step" down here; be-
cause this is the left-handed country; wherein all vehicles and
pedestrians must not pass to the right. The central fire station is
worth especial notice. This three-storied structure is quadrangular
in shape, around a spacious 1 court, and is $00 feet square. It con-
tains an extensive machine shop, large kitchen, dining room and
quarters for 200 firemen. There was thirty-four motor driven fire
apparatus of English make, including a score of up to date fea-
tures novel to citizens, of our country.

Oh yes, k 'the begg'ans have come to town," in rags of course,
rig'ged out for the occasion, but they are clean, they have to be.

The 5000 men of our squadron, inclusive of the supply ships,
were very much interested in the fortifications and naval arrange-
ments of Brazil; and especially in the Brazilian Naval
Cadets. These little fellows enter service at 11 years of age,,
for a fifteen year period. During the first twelve years they re-
ceive the 'best kind of schooling. The last three years is spent upon
a fine full-rigged ship that makes a complete yearly circuit of the
globe.

South America is certainly the place to see stiff-necked peo-
ple. If you don't believe it just go down there and take note of
the enormous loads that are being borne about upon the heads of
some of the people.

The United States of the Republic of Brazil has this inscrip-
tion on her flag: "Ordem e Progresso" (Order and Progress).
This nation ownsi most of the railroads and a greater proportion
of its people are in the public service than any other country so
employs. A Wedding procession of forty automobiles. Open fu-
neral cars drawn by a single mule and one that was very elaborate

A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 27

with four mules ahead. Brazilians talk money in big! figures; for
instance, it cost 100 reis (2 1-8 cents) for a five-mile street car ride,
400 reis for a cup of coffee, etc. The money fluctuates! from 36 to
40 milreis for a United States ten-dollar gold piece. 20$500 means
20 milreis and 500 reis.

28 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

CHAPTER THREE

It is one thousand miles from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Mon-
tevideo, Uruguay: and it required the time from July 6th to the
10th for making this trip. There was but one topic discussed en-
route; and|that was relative to the fine reception that was extended
at Rio; and by people whose faces and actions spoke more elo-
quently than the English words that they are unable to utter could
have expressed. All hands were entirely unprepared to learn that
Uruguay was about to accord to them the finest reception probably
that so small a commonwealth ever extended to anybody. They
got an inkling of what was in store when, accompanied by war-
ships, twenty excursion steamers ran out fifteen miles to meet them.
These steamers were literally packed with wildly cheering people.
This demonstration and the incessant sounding of all whistles, afloat
and on shore, did not cease until long after the squadron had cast
anchor in the so-called Rio de la Plata. The term so 1 called is here
used, because this; waterway is not a river in the generally accepted
sense, but it is in reality a very broad estuary.

There was a large fleet of merchant ships and men of war,
including several interned German vessels, about us, and all of these,
the Germans only excepted, were dressed in honor of the visitors;
asi was practically every building in sight. And the crowd ! Such
a crowd as there was, covering the embarkadero, the long) piers ex-
tending therefrom and all buildings (250,000 would be a moderate
estimate of the throng). It is probable that none of our company
will ever again see so many flags at one and a single time, as there
were displayed. Colors of the entente allies, President Wilson's pic-
ture, together with those of Washington and Lincoln, and also ref-
erences to the Monroe Doctrine, were shown all over town. After
the shades of night had hidden all other evidences of good will from
the ships, then a bic] electric sign on shore flashed out the cheery
word "Welcome." Some idea of the nature of the harbor here may
be inferred from the fact that two of our cruisers were moored
alongside of the embankment.

The good people of Uruguay certainly 1 did draw heavily upon
their resources to entertain Admiral Caperton and his men. Space
does not permit a detailed description of this feature. The Uru-
guayan nation had placed the purposed reception under control of
the Young Men's Christian Association, and with ample funds to
insure its success. This arrangement was much to the disgust of
saloonists and other tough resortsi; especially since the vilest of
these places were forced to remain closed while our men were
ashore.

In every port visited the Young Men's Christian Association
has rendered an immense amount of valuable iservice to Uncle
Sam's boys; and this was especially emphasized at Montevideo.

30 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

The women of this town worked like Trojans in concert with the
association members to make our sojourn pleasant. They not only
provided continuous entertainment at various places, but received
the sailor lads to banquets at their own homes. The entertain-
ments were continuous from noon until midnight. A committee
of some twenty ladies was engaged in raising funds for the
United States Red Cross, but discontinued their efforts until after
the squadron should leave. One of these women assured me, while
I was taking tea at her home, that she had personally secured
$891 and 14 tons of coal at $40 per ton, and that sh-e presumed
that the other nineteen solicitors had done equally well. The
boys will not soon forget those sweet voiced ladies, who sang 1 so
often and gave exc-ellent shows of local talent for them. The song,
; 'Home, Sweet Home," was a winner and when this was followed
by "Where Is My Wandering Boy Tonight," and "Is My Name
Written There," I say that this sank dow*n deeply into the heart
of every one o,f the 500 sailors who heard it. Am sure that many
of these lads then uttered a silent prayer that God should bless
the g'ood women of Montevideo. The English speaking) ladies' club,
of the aristocratic seminaries, at one of their classical entertain-
ments sang 1 the rollicking song, "Ting-a-ling-a-ling'-a-ling. " This
ditty, together with the invitation that followed it, just swept the
lads right off their feet and their hearts are ting-a-ling-a-lingeling
yet.

The Uruguayan minister of war, Dr. Baltazar Brum, issued the
following message : "As for me, there exists in America but one
nation, the American, therefore I am a pan- Americanist. " Per-
mit the statement right here that the time is opportune for every
true American to rally around President Wilson in his warfare
for the universal brotherhood of mankind. As a matter of fact,
the Monroe doctrine is more highly esteemed throughout Latin
America than is generally understood. United States of America
tourists often get misleading impressions from the people with
whom they are able; 1 to converse. These latter are seldom the na-
tives, but Europeans, who are bitter because Europe is not per-
mitted to have a free hand in the Western Hemisphere. There is
sometimes found adverse criticism of the United States among na-
tives, which is usually caius-ed by these same European critics. There
is no question whatever that European residents of Latin America
are the chief sources of adverse criticism of the natives as to the
motives that actuate the L T nited States of America. The only reason
why European financial interests are more in evidence in Latin
America than are those of the United States is because the latter
has not been so alert concermns; her own affairs.

The Oriental Republic of Uruguay.

La Republica Oriental del ^Uruguay, or, as it is sometimes

1'f'f^T^ T? *T~\n V\l 1 n o s\ riiol I I Y*n o*n o AT TPTi/i >-i o -f " 1< \rpG m~|pll li" ^ ^ (")O-T*OO-

Because of its geo-

written, Republicao del Uruguay. The natives spell it
goo-iah," and pronounce it "Oo-ru-giiy. "

A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 31

graphical position, on the east side of the Uruguay river, this coun-
try was formerly known as the land of the Banda Oriental. It is
nearly 300 miles long by about 250 in width. The discovery was
made by Juan Diaz de Salis, who, while burying a sailor on shore,
was killed by the Charrua Indians. The commonwealth, founded
thereafter, has survived and prospered despite the ravages of
many periods of cruel warfare. The most notable of these wars
Brazil against Paraguay. The struggle lasted seven years, ending
in 1870, and at an expense to the Brazilian government of $150,-
000,000, to Argentina of $35,000,000 and to Uruguay of $10,000,000.
The struggle did not end until practically the adult male popula-
tion of Paraguay had been destroyed. By the treaty of peace the
surviving Paraguayans undertook to pay their conquerors the $195,-
000,000 above indicated. This vast sum meant $650 per capita of
the surviving population. The entire world owes a sincere tribute
of respect to this small nation of Paraguay for its unparalelled
lesson in patriotism. During the struggle mentioned above the
principal battles were those of Uruguayana, Humatia, Paso del
Patra and Santiago del Estero.

July 18th and August 25th are the principal national holidays,
the first being in honor of the constitution and the other to cele-
brate its independence from Brazil. Uruguay was formerly the
Brazilian province of Sacramento.

It is an, open question if any nation has a higher gold standard
than Uruguay. It made our fellows stiffen right up when their
$20 gold pieces had to be discounted 11 per cent in this very small
country. Catholicism is no longer the established church there.
The national free public school system is par-excellent and so com-
prehensive as to embrace most branches of instruction from kin-
dergarten through the 1 professional courses. The judiciary occupies
a high plane and among its provisions there are many unusual fea-
tures, i e. : A woman has the privilege of appearing quietly before
a magistrate to request separation from her husband. She is then
instructed to return ai year later. If she then reiterates her former
request, the divorce is granted and the man must step aside. The
law is about to be amended so as to grant the same privilege to men.
There is practically no expense attached to divorce proceedings,
and, under no circumstances, is the public advised thereabout.

The Spanish custom incident to the names of persons prevails
here. So that, if a man named Zabala marries a woman whose
name is San Martin, then the future name of the woman, in literal
English, would be Mrs. Zabala of San Martin. If the couple should
have a son, whose given name is Juan, then that lad's full name
would be Senor Juan Zabala de San Martin (the mother's name ap-
pearing last). The President and senators are elected for a four-
year term, and without the privilege of their being re-elected. It
is probable that the' Presidency feature will soon give place to an
executive council of five members. The year of independence was

32 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

1830, and General Artegas is remembered as the father of his coun-
try. Feliciano Viera is the President at this time.

Admiral Caperton provided a splendid banquet aboard the
flagship for the personnel of the Uruguayan navy and magnificent
balls were given upon the quarterdeck.

Thei City of Montevideo (Montevidao) .

This modern hih class Spanish type city has a cosmopolitan
population of 290.000, and means "I see a mountain." When Bruno
Maurisco de- Zabala was cruising in the South Atlantic one of his
sailors suddenly cried out, "I see a mountain." Zabala got busy
right away and settled the place with people from Spanish Galicia
and also from the Canaries in Africa. This statement was made by
one Uruguayan official. Another official in the same public office
interposed with this remark : The first settlers were Basques, from
the oldest known people in Europe, and an early name for this
city was "Nueve Vizcaya."

As .Montevideo is largely like other South American cities, it
will not be extensively described herein, but merely compared
with Rio de Janeiro. The latter town apparently excels the for-
mer in scenic effects, parks, monuments, uniforms, etc. ; also in
public buildings, shipping facilities, homes for all classes, and
civic government.

Montevideo probably excels in free educational institutions,
has a more reliable monetary system, wider and more regular
streets, is better lighted and has finer business structures and fac-
tories than Rio. Furthermore, it is more cosmopolitan and ener-
getic than the latter. Homes and home life are quite dissimilar
between the two places. In Rio residences are of the Portuguese
and French styles, with some semi-Pompeiian effects, while at
Montevideo those of the modern Spanish and Italian styles pre-
vail. To those of us who are unfamiliar with Spanish custom,
their style of homes are a pleasing sight. These abodes are en-
tered through spacious hallways, where marble wainscoting, frost-
ed and stained glass, frescoed ceilings and statuary effects are
seen. The hallwaj 71 leads to an open court that is replete in green-
ery, fountains and all sorts of pleasing things. The house is built
around this court, or patio, and the several apartments are cov-
ered with a gabled skylight roof. By the simple turning of a
crank these skylights slide back so that the people of any apart-
ment may take their siesta or sleep in the open air. There is a
charming restful quietness prevalent throughout all of the resi-
dence districts. The Italian hospital is a magnificent work of
art, of great size and, all points considered, it is probably second
to none on the Western Hemisphere. A fine English hospital is
near by that of the Italians. In the latter institution a noted
North American woman missionary, who is critically ill, was being;
tenderly nursed back tc health.

A Reminder of MONTEVIDEO
A Uruguayan Artist's conception of a United States Sailor.

34 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

Caught on the Fly.

South America is written "Sud America" by the Spanish and
"Sao America" by Portuguese speaking people. Spaniards claim
that Columbus was the first man to sight South America. They
say that he entered the mouth of the Orinoco river, but failed to
land. Street cars are up to date, namely, they carry more pas-
sengers than the sign displayed, "Capacidad 28 sentados, " author-
ize. Other signs noticed in these cars are: "Prohibido escupir en
el coche," and "Prohibido Fumido (smoking)." No man sits
while a woman stands in these cars. Furthermore all persons
come to a halt and the men uncover while a funeral procession is
passing. Open funeral cars, typical of Latin America, convey the
dead, in plain coffins, that are without handles, to cemeteries
which are well cared for. It is a question whether one can find
more artificial flowers elsewhere than are seen in the cemeteries
here ; nor such a fine display of bronze statuary and busts. Swains
must court their enamorettas from long range in this town. For
example, they may signal from, across the street or plead their
cause through an open door or window. In Rio there are but
few horses, and in their stead a poor type of mule, Avhile Monte-
video is conspicuous for the most excellent kind of horses and
equipages. A troop of cavalry horses was of the finest of stock.
Salutations of the many, who "no comprehend" our lingo, was
"Nice, Americano, good morning and good bye."

Departure From Uruguay.

A great crowd covered the waterfront as our squadron
weighed anchor, and excursion steamers packed with cheering peo-
ple esicorted us out of port, while their excellent naval band played
"Marching Through Georgia." Am sure that every Yankee heart
then went out to these good people and that the common senti-
ment was "O, you Montevideo; good-bye and good luck."

It was 10 o'clock a. m. July 22nd when the squadron started
upon the 125-mile run to Buenos. Aires. Argentina.

Almost before the city of Montevideo had disappeared from
view an Argentine squadron of five fine war ships hove in sight
and the Uruguayan fleet departed.

Address of Dr. Juan Zorilla de San Martin, the Most Noted Man of

Letters in Uruguay.

"My friends: Among all the demonstrations of affectionate
welcome which I have had to interpret into words, as President
of the Popular Committee which has organized them, none, I as-
sure you, has moved me more profoundly than this one, so modest
in appearance, in which we offer you a family reiunion, and where,
as a father at the head of his table, I am called upon to ask the
accustomed blessing.

"I had the honor of voicing the sentiment of the Uruguayan
people when they unanimously, overflowing with acclamations,

A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 35

thronged on land and sea to meet you. From the balcony of the
United States legation I said to forty thousand of my fellow coun-
trymen there met in the public street, that it was a splendid truth
which they joyously felt and loudly proclaimed; that we Uru-
guayans, sons of Artigas, are brothers of the Americans, sons of
Washington; but that we are brothers not so much by the geo-
graphical or material unity of the continent in which we live, but
by something much deeper, something 1 that spring's from the very
roots of our being; because we Uruguayans and North Americans,
like all the other peoples of America, are sons of one common
mother, the alma mater Democracy, mother at once of Peace, Lib-
erty and Justice.

"It is the breath, indeed, of that great lady of our, Democ-
racy, my friends, which waves those glorious banners that you un-
furl on your mastheads ; it is her breath which carries them into this
war that America has not provoked, but that has struck her to the
heart with its mailed fist and has aroused her in the name of her
duty toward humanity; it is. in a word, that which now welds in
a great embrace your ensigns fill-ed with the light of the stars and
ours filled with the splendor of the sun and makes of them one ben-
encient constellation.

"But this moment has come in which I find myself in relation
not with a great multitude or a gigantic collective person, but in
immediate and affectionate contact with men whom we love indi-
vidually, with spirits that are to us real favorites ; with -each and
all of you, valiant and good seamen of our great sister, toward
whom I feel an irresistible impulse of genuine affection.

"AndUhis constitutes, my friends, the most intimate of brother-
hoods. If the fraternity of our countries comes from the common
mother. Democracy, this of which I now speak, this which in-
spires -in me such warmth of affection and interest in each and
every one of you. this comes from something higher and more
enduring in our common universal Father, our Father which is
in Heaven, and who is one with the Son whom we all worship,
Jesus Christ the Divine Redeemer of men.

"I wish to speak to you of Him on this occasion, my friends
and brothers, because I wish to leave in your souls as the most
precious remembrance of my country, living and eternal words.
Cherish them as precious jewels, in the depths, in the most inti-
mate and hidden recesses of the secret places of your hearts.

"This house that we have specially prepared for you in order
that you might pass here in innocent and pleasant occupation your
leisure time, in order that you might here find, a reflection of
your far away home, in order that you might here renew the
memory of your fathers, of your mothers, of your sweethearts, who
are now thinking of you; of your native land in which your ab-
sence is felt while you are away on the call of your country; this
house and this meeting which we offer you show that we Uru-
guayans have been thinking of you all individually, that we

36 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

have seen in the crews of your formidable warships not only the
units of an army which is passing:, but the members of a family,
with whom we share our home ; not an anonymous group of be-
ings destined to die, but a handful of beloved brothers for whose
life we raise our prayer to our common Father and whom we
would wish to -embrace one by one, to save one by one from the
dangers and hidden enemies, not only material but moral as well,
which may rise to meet them in their uns-elfish journeyings to and
fro by sea and land.

"I see now before me that fair young sailor, almost a child,
who looks at me with his large blue eyes full of memories; and
that oth-er, yes hundreds of others. A profound feeling of per-
sonal affection. I was going to say fatherly affection, is awakened
in my heart and surges up to irritate my eyes. I am thinking of
the pure and lovely things which bind men closest together; I feel
that the strongest of ties is being knit between my soul and yours,
my braA^e lads, joyous heralds of mother America, soldiers of jus-
tice, of right, and of peace.

"And my soul is lifted instinctively toward our Common
Father, toward the provident Father which is in Heaven.

"I come to 'bid you farewell, my friends; we shall probably
not meet again on earth. Will you keep my remembrance, the
greetings of anonymous friends who hav-e loved you in Montevideo
and whom you have met on your passing visit to this good land of
Uruguay ?

"This remembrance may become vague, or even vanish; the
winds of the seas, the vivid presence of other lands, will dissipate
it like a vapor. But there is' one tie, one only, which the winds will
not dispel. When on the starlit nights in the midst of. the infinite
ocean, you pass th-e slow hours of the night watch at the foot of
your formidable cannon more than once you will lift your eyes to
the firmament above, and more than once you will feel pass among
the constellations the memories of the absent country for whose
glory you strug'gle, and they will fill your hearts with peace, with
energy, with valor; you will see there the images of those who love
you most in all the world and whom you have left in your native
land, the image perchance of yo'ur moth-ers who in those very mo-
ments will be lifting their Christian prayers to Heaven for you that
God may keep you in His care and that in your journeyings over
far away seas and lands He may give you friends who may have
toward you something of the paternal affection, who may see in
you not only the strong arms of warriors, but noble and Christian
spirits, and who may speak to you now and again of God, of Jesus
Christ the Redeemer, of purity, of confidence in the Heavenly
Father, of the fulfillment of your duties toward the good God, to-
ward your fellowmen and toward yourselves.

' ' That is what we wish to be to you at this moment ; the friends
of your souls who give you, amorigi the transitory things the living

38 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

word which cannot pass away; friends who may be to you in place
of mothers, sisters, and those who love you most intensely.

"It is well to remember, my friends, that among the many
who show you attentions in a more or less collective and super-
ficial fashion, there remain in Uruguay those who have loved you
individually and who will follow you with affection after you have
abandoned our hospitable harbor; remember, young and valiant
sailors of the democratic fleet, that some there are who, on remem-
bering this group of fair youthful heads uniformed in white, will
lift their spirits to the Father which is in Heaven, and will pray
that on every one may come His omnipotent protecton, His illum-
inating' inspirations. His fortitude and His peace ; they will ask that
He guard you all from the moral and material dangers that rise to
meet you, and that He return you well and safe to your beloved
homeland better even and stronger than when you set out from
her shores.

"And thus it will be, my friends, because the way you take is
the way of virtue and heroism. That star spangled banner of your
country, under whose shadow you sail the seas, is a sacred thing,
as you well know; in her folds there floats the very Spirit of God,
the God that inspired your virtuous Washington, and to whom the
framers of your Constitution raised their devout invocation ; that
banner Avill inspire you always with sentiments of valor and heroism,
and it will lead you in the way of victory.

"But do not forget, friends, that the most glorious of victories,
that which is most worthy of your flag, will be that which you gain
over your own selves, by being strong in character, men of virtue
and of heroic will.

"I recall at this moment that, at the beginning of this war,
when invaded Belgium saw her youth fall sacrificed in the van-
guard of her heroic resistance, the Belgian mothers cried out in an-
guish, 'but firm as the Christian martyrs, to the great Cardinal Mer-
cier, Archbishop of jVIalinas: 'Are these our sons who die on the
field, martyrs for the faith?' ' Remember for your supreme conso-
lation,' the illustrious prelate, deeply moved, but serene, answered
the mothers kneeling before him, 'Remember that many of those
young men your sons who possibly might not have had the valor to
live well, have had it to die well. They have been happy to die for
their country.'

"And you, too, be thus, my friends, living by your country and
for her; be worthy of life and you will be worthy of a glorious
death death which awaits us all on the horizon more or less near,
the same in war as in peace ; be noble characters ; be strong and
valiant as men and you will be such as soldiers ; know how to van-
quish the enemies within you and you will conquer those without
however strong; ibe good sons of your Father which is in Heaven
and so, and only so, will you be worthy sons of your American
Homeland which is on the earth, of the noble lady Democracy, our
common mother in whose defense you have taken up arms, and

40 ' A'FYieh'dfy Cruise Around Latin America

which is nothing else than virtue, self-denial in favor of the social
well being, the sacrifice of the personal to the collective will, on the
part of the great majority of citizens.

"I am very sure that you will always be such for the glory of
our democratic America. For this reason I speak to you in this
fatherly manner, because I know well that I am not scattering seed
in your souls, but watering rather that which is already there, sown
by your parents and full of germinating life. Many, and most
happy, are the memories left in Montevideo by the notable and
gracious visit of the United States Fleet to which you belong, but,
my valiant sailors, of all these memories the most gratifying and
lasting is that of your own conduct among 1 us; we have seen you
in our streets and even in our churches asi models of democratic
culture; you have left us the example of an army of gentlemen
above reproach, of men truly free and, Avhat is more, of citizens
Worthy of that freedom, masters of themselves.

"Farewell then, brave soldiers of our free and republican
America. I have given you in my words the most precious thing
which I have been able to find for you in the depths of my soul
the best that as a parting sift, I believe is to be found among the
riches of this my country of Uruguay: paternal inspirations, sin-
cere love for your souls. Everything else passes away, this alone
remains to, and throughout, eternity.

"Continue then, with valor and with unwavering faith in vic-
tory, your glorious journeyirigs on the great deep in the beneficent
shadow of your spotless banner. Cherish with affection the remem-
brance of this land of Uruguay, whose fraternal embrace your very
hearts have felt.

"Good-bye, friends, may you be happy.
"Sons 1 , brothers, may God 'bless you."

Ascent, of the Rio de la Plata, Also Known as the Plat or Plate.

It was necessary, on account of shallow water, for very slow
speed throughout the trip ; however, the city of Buenos Aires finally
came into view and the usual gun fire salute was commenced.

A pause must be made here for relation of the fact that, during
this journey one of our most popular lads, Clay T. Lyles of Garland,
Texas, died and that, after the customary honors, his body was sent
home.

In honor of the arrival of a United States squadron all places
of business in Buenos Aires had been closed, and the people were
celebrating in great style. The wharves and every building 1 in sight
was covered by a dense multitude of fully 400,000. These people,
from all over the nation, kept up a constant cheer as our ships
swept past the enormous grain elevators, and through a great man-
ufacturing 1 district to one of the basins, where all of our cruisers
tied up to the dock. The crowd 011 shore was decidedly disappointed

42 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

when they learned that there would be no liberty privilege granted
until the following day, and they kept up an incessant clamor that
we should come ashore then and there.

"Oh, why do you miss the good time that we have arranged
especially for tonight " they cried. During the -excitement on
shore an indiscreet German started a counter demonstration. I say
indiscreet, because the man came too next day in a hospital and he is
probably still there. Some idea of the spirit of the people may be
inferred from the following fact : Just prior to our arrival one of
the mightiest demonstrations ever seen in South America was madf
by a gigantic multitude, that surrounded the Presidential Palace
and the Parliament building. These good people cheered the en-
tente allies to the echo and demand war against the common enemy.

At the opportune time (i. e., after the admiral had paid his for-
mal respect's to President Irreguoien), everybody went ashore, and
found the town at their disposal. "Keep the money, we don't
need it," was the sentiment of this place. There was too much of
this generous treatment, however : because so many of the lads
longed to wander about at their own sw r eet will, and to pay for
what they desired. Despite the above, it is needless to say that
every mother's son of us went broke in Buenos Aires. This enor-
mously wealthy city, in concert with the government, saw to it
1hat every sort of enjoyment within its confines should be free to
the personnel of our squadron. To this end the theaters, subway
trains, street cars, railroads, etc., were an open-sesame to men in
uniform. On sight-seeing trips a luncheon, cigars, bundles of
cigarettes, etc., were provided, and tips to waiters' were invariably
refused. The government furnished a sumptuous dinner to all
of our men. Movie actors? Well, I should say so. In fact the lads
broke right into the razzle-dazzle picture game in all of the cities
that they visited. Space forbids a farther narration of this topic
and it will be dismissed with menton of the following incident:
During one of the parades that the Yankees made, cheering 1 of the
populace was spontaneous, and especially pronounced, whenever
the procession paused long enough for Admiral Caperton to place
wreaths' before the monuments of Argentina's heroic dead.

Oh, by the way. there is a fine statue of our first President,
George Washington, in the Calle 3 de Febrero (the month in
which he was born) of this city. Bernardo de Rivadavia, who was
the first President of Argentina, is, like Washington, also called
the father of his country. Argentina's independence was pro-
claimed at the city of Tucuman, on the 9th day of July, 1816. One
of the crowning features, in honor of the occasion, was the mag-
nificent electrical illumination of the place. This brilliant display
exceeded anything of the kind that was seen during the cruise ; in
fact, it surpassed most of the electrical exhibits that many of the-
greatest of North American cities are equal to.

A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 43

The C|ity of Buenos Aires.

(Meaning good airs.)

This is the metropolis of South America and, from an ener-
getic standpoint, the Chicago of the land. It hajs a population of
1.700,000 and is growing rapidly. Furthermore it is the capital
city of Argentina, the most cosmopolitan town of all Latin Amer-
ica, and in the forefront of modern progress. It is apparent not
only in this city, but also in the last two that were visited, that
there is ample opportunity for capital and likewise skilled labor
there.

Don Pedro de Mendoza founded the first of the many settle-
ments of white people at this point, and that was in 1536. The
name given at that time was Ciudad de la Santissima Trinidad y
Puerto de Santa Maria de Buenos Aires. The appendix Buenos
Aires was given by Del Campo. who was the first man to step
ashore. Lous- after the Indians had destroyed several of the settle-
ments here, then General Juan de Garay appeared upon the scene.
Garay promptly hanged the governor, mayor and sheriff, who hap-
pened to be then bossing the place. After the hanging episode the
city was re-established and under its prsent name. This place is
rapidly approaching an era of skyscraper buildings, and it is con-
spicuous for advancement along many ways. The three principal
railway passenger stations are of gigantic size and the transporta-
tion service, mostly double-tracked, is excellent. Two subway inter-
urban lines are modeled after those in Paris, Prance, and they are
very fine. One of the most wonderful systems of grain elevators in
all the world is located at this point. Property has become so val-
uable that the commodious Spanish type of homes will shortly be
but happy reminiscences of the past. The dead-w r alls and a few
badly constructed streets are also rapidly giving! way to improve-
ments of a higher order.

All public buildings, parks, drives, monuments, etc., are worth
seeing. The Zoological Gardens, botanical display and the great
French military exhibit interested the sailors. In this display there
were extensive trenches and wire entanglemnts, also a great many
aeroplanes and guns that were taken from the Germans during the
present w 7 'ar. There are six free municipal hospitals'; in fact none
of the foreign hospitals refuse to care for free patients. Aside
from this there are five public institutions where no charge is
made for the care of children, while their parents are at work.
In addition to this there are a score of societies for uplift, social
betterment, relief of the poor, etc. Some of the streets here, as
well as in the other places already described, are designated by
definite dates, such as Calle 25 Mayo, Rua 13 Decembre. Paseo 9
de Julio, etc. The two principal national holidays are July 9th
and May 25th. The first corresponds to our 4th of July and the
latter is in anniversary of the time when the English were driven
from Buenos Aires.

44 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America

The Argentine Republic.

(Formerly the Spanish Viceroyalty of Buenos Aires.)
This nation has an area of 1,138,000 square miles, and from
the statistics of 1916, it appears that the total population was but
7,885,237. This population consisted of 492,636 Italians, 198,685
Spaniards, 21,789 English, and but 1,381 North Americans. A dozen
scattering smaller lots make up the total number of the 2,357,952
that are registered as foreigners. The climate is similar to that of
California and the products (timber excepted) are so diversified
as to comprise most of those that are native to the United States.
It is a question whether any country can make so excellent a show-
ing of hardwoods. Catholicism is the -established religion, but it
is rapidly on the wane. A significant sign thereof is that the re-
cently elected President Hipolito Irregoyen, in taking the oath of
office that includes allegiance to the church, concluded in sub-
stance thus: "I subscribe to the church requirement purely as a
matter of form." It is furthermore said that President Irregoyen
is one of the greatest philanthropists in South America, whose
munificence totals about $50,000 annually, that he has the confi-
dence o,f the people and is unassuming in every way. Five great
railway systems have their termini in Buenos Aires, where the
finest Parliament Building in South America is located. The Rio
de Laplata, with an average width of thirty-five miles, extends in-
land between Argentina and Uruguay for one hundred and eighty
miles, where it receives waters of the Uruguayana (Uruguay) and
Parana Rivers. The meaning of R.io de Laplata is River of Silver,
and of Argentina Silverland. The greatest engineering feat of
South America is the tunnel that was forced through the Andes
Mountains, between Argentina and Chili. Some years since many
Normal School teachers were imported from the United States to
introduce a modernized system of education. Local prejudice im-
peded the work and, for this and other reasons, the public school
system is yet to become a satisfactory institution. Now the people
are getting at this thing in their own way and it is not so certain
that it is not the better way. Surely Argentina is not asleep in
either this or any other respect. The republic reserves for itself
one-third of the extensive oil fields that are within its confines.
President Irregoyen voluntarily serves his country without pay.
During the time that Admiral Caperton and his men were
in Buenos Aires the resident German Minister, Count Von Luxburg,
took special pains 1 to remain away from the city. However, this
stunt "didn't get him anywhere," because after our departure, the
Argentine Government asked him to skedaddle for good. Then
came the anti-German ultimatum from Peru and Uruguay. All of
Latin America was then in line except Chili, Paraguay, Ecuador,
Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, San Salvador and Mexico. The most
of these nations will certainly, at the time necessary, line up; and
those that don't are sure to find themselves elevated upon a pedes-
tal of splendid isolation.

A Friendly Cruise Around 'iintiti* 'Arlierictf

Onr squadron left Buenos Aires on the return trip to Rio, July
31st. The Argentine fleet, headed by the majestic battleship Riva-
davia, escorted us, with two large torpedo boats guarding both
sides of each cruiser, and in this way did Argentina keep constant
vigil over our safety for sixteen long hours.

Leading Article of "La Epoca" on the Arrival of the American

Fleet in Buenos Aires, July 24th, 1917 A Hearty

Welcome to Them.

"The fleet of the United States of America has arrived, and it
is welcome ; let our country be theirs, our home their home, and let
them find in our language the same manly sentiments that we ex-
press in their language in moments of enthusiasm. Let the vessels
of the United States be welcomed, and may the stars of their flag
shine in the Argentine firmament as 1 in their own. May their keels
rest in Argentine waters after their long 1 journey, as in friendly
waters, and may their presence here be as of a brother in a brother's
house. Our country celebrates the occasion as a holiday, and the
multitudes that fill the wharves of the docks, filled with the mer-
chandise that represents the country's wealth, offer their hearts
and their hands as a welcome from a proud and manly nation.

' * Let the sailors from the United States be welcome ; their pres-
ence ratifies a friendship o,f centuries, like a giranite monument
built on the unforgotten words of Henry Clay: The North Ameri-
can fleet will not find anything fictitious or artificial in this people,
that well understand the high motives that serve to impulse the
acts of great nations. Our words are sincere, and our sentiments
real, and in such terms the same sentiments were uttered to Root,
liowe, Roosevelt and Sherrill, that is to say that the Argentine
people loves and admires the United States and its people.

"We remember that our institutiins are inspired in theirs, and
that their demorracy has served as a model for ours, that their
brave rectitude served to protect our infancy as a nation, and that
their manly energy was a vigorous, eloquent and constant lesson
of 'self-help' for this young Republic, in way of formation itself.
At the present moment, full of uncertainty and unrest the United
States, from its historic capital by the voice of President Wilson,
concentrates and sends forth on the path o,f justice, the spirit of
the nations. Wilson lays forth the formula of sacred altruism for
humanity, as against the egoism of nations that have distinguished
themvselv-es in European diplomacy in the actual conflict. The
United States ratifies the ideas of Wilson, by its material manifes-
tation, according 1 to the doctrines of the President.

"Let us save the women and children, let us save men, let us
save humanity, saving from tyranny those imperishable principles
of morality that distinguish the civilization of our times, making
il just and benign, the opposite to civilizations that have passed,
whose grandeur materially was innerly uncouth and barbarous.

A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 47

Thus spoke President Wilson, and one hundred millions of free
citizens are with him.

"Let us remember these things: It is impossible not to do so,
when we see amongst the fog of our estuary, appear the vessels of
the fleet of the United States. We know that they bring us a mes-
sage of peace and of justice, and we do not lorget that they are
instruments of war moved by a sincere desire to do away with vio-
lence and iniquity among the nations.

"We must also remember that the sailors of the United States
have prepared for war, calmly and bravely, as gentlemen and mar-
iners, in the service of an ideal that is now common to all peoples
brought up to respect liberty and justice ; and we welcome the fleet
of the United States."

Other Incidents of the Cruise.

This chapter will be closed with the following brief state-
ment : The Rio de Laplata is conspicuous for gulls that are of the
same species as those that are to be seen along the Pacific Coast
OL North America. The only other gulls noticed down south were
a ,few of very small -size that flew about Guana'bara Bay. Between
San Diego and the Rio de Laplata no mills, except the small ones
mentioned were seen. Instead of gulls many jet black Bosun
birds that are graceful and shapely cut, appear.

Our sojourn throughout the Southern seas was not all play
by any means, because each vessel, including the flagship, de-
voted considerable time to patrol duty between the South Ameri-
can and African continents. No vessel was permitted to pass that
did not exhibit sufficient evidence of her right to do so. During
patrols the entire ship's company, -excepting the few that must
icinain on duty, was assembled upon the quarterdeck each evening
at sundown for prayer service. This was a pretty scene and not
at all displeasing to the men.

48 Homeward Bound

CHAPTER FOUR.

There were momentous happenings on September 21st, when
the Admiral transferred his flag to the South Dakota, and when
those of us who were destined for return to the States were sent
over to the collier Orion. The Admiral's party consisted of his
staff, the marine orderlies, personal attendants and the band.

As the Motor Sailor shoved off with a draft for the hom-e
trip, three hearty cheers were given for the Pitts-burg that we
were leaving with reg'ret. While all hands Avere ascending the
gangway of the Orion a woman fell overboard from the ferry-
boat Guanabara. She would have drowned had it not been for
the Motor Sailor that rushed, at amazing 1 swiftness, to the rescue.
We were pleased that our fellows performed 'this act of mercy, as
it was a fitting climax to the sojourn in Guanabara Bay.

Work of topping up twenty -four huge coaling booms : and
lowering away the same number of enormously large steel hatches
was most effectively and easily done by means of a trolley. This
trolley traverses an aerial track that extends longitudinally fifty
feet high above the deck. An air of sadness prevailed when the
body of Earl Hastings Crawford, from the supply ship Glacier,
was brought on deck and securely lashed to the top side. During
the homeward journey an armed sailor kept solitary vigil over
the casket that was en route to Houston, Texas.

At 4 p. m., September 24th, the Orion began its sixteen-day,
4,919 mile journey from Rio to Hampton Roads, Virginia, and all
hands were jubilant. Just as we passed the fortress of Santa
Cruz the most marvelous scene of the -entire six months' trip, ii'
not the greatest vision ever beheld by any person of the ship's
company, suddenly burst upon our vision. The mountain tops
were clearly defined above billowy clouds of many hues, when
the hidden sun shot out a thousand rays of rapidly changing colors.

These rays were in fan-shaped design and they enveloped the
entire city of Rio de Janeiro. This was the Queen City of the
Southern seas' farewell to us and every man was spellbound by
it. Upon inspection of the ship it was noticed that huge masses
of coal dust that was se-en throughout the entire vessel, were
rapidly giving 1 way before an army of cleaners. Then followed the
painters, who did their work so thoroughly that one of the dirti-
est possible of ships was soon transformed to one that w r as new^ly
painted throughout, and all of this while the vessel was in motion.

En route home the Orion ran into Bahia, took on a home-
going draft from the Frederick, and proceeded on her way. Great
disappointment was again caused when the men learned that they
were to once more cross the -equator far out at sea, and not near

Homeward Bound 49

the mouth of the Amazon River. The last naval service that I per-
formed for the Government was to stand guard over the body of
Shipmate Crawford, and the sacred duty ended just as we crossed
the equator at 9 :32 p. m. While thus employed I took a farewell
view of the Southern Cross.

During the long journey, especially at night. I reclined in
my hammock and took an interesting survey of nature through a
porthole. Was amazed at the kaleidoscopic panorama that the
starlight sky, the clouds, the sea and an occasional glimpse of
land presented. The fantastic shapes of cumulus clouds; the
silvery moonlight that shone through fleecy clouds, or scintillated
wond-erful beams o'er the dancing waves; an occasional fish trail-
ing a streak of phosphorescent fire and the ceaseless motion of
the sea; I say that these things insterested me. My mind then
went back to the solemn watches of the night during which time
the most of this story was written. To explain, I will say that
between the soundings that I took on the berth deck, during the
hours from 12 o'clock midnight and 4 o'clock in the morning, the
story was penned.

Shortly after crossing the equator we left behind balmy
tropical air and clear skys for the more hazy atmosphere of the
north. Was surprised thereafter that, for the balance of the
journey, the hottest weather of the six months' cruise prevailed.
I took special pains to observe the wonderful sunsets that reached
their climax as we were crossing the Tropic of Cancer. Were I
endowed with the imaginative genius of a Dante, and could I
also wield the brush of an Angelo or the pen of a Dumas ; I isay,
that I would be but poorly equipped to convey an adequate idea
o,f the glorious sunset of October 6th. Suddenly the ship ap-
peared to be surrounded by a palisade of perpendicular clouds
that appeared to rise directly from the placid waters of an azure
sea. These clouds were of the most beautiful species, ranging all
the way from heavy cumulus down to those of the stirrus and
straitus varieties. The effect was as though we were surrounded
by a range of pinnacles, forests and cities. The sky directly over-
head was clear, except for a few clusters of nimbus clouds. As the
enormous sun sank below the horizon there were rapidly changing
color effects, one color dissolving into another. Every conceiv-
able color and tint was discernible in all of the clouds, and es-
pecially upon those overhead. These colors changed with the
rapidity of lightning, and they lingered far into the night. The
azure sea gave place to one that was carpeted with the most deli-
cate scintillating tints. While wonder held the crowd, I solilo-
quized as to whether any of the lads then caug'ht a vision of
Heaven through the medium of the clouds. Surely nature is seen
at its very best within the wonderful realm of cloudland.

Divine Services on the Collier Orion.

On Sunday morning, October 7th, the writer was surprised
when a delegation from the after end of the ship came to our

50 Fight W^ith a German Submarine

quarters and requested that I should "lay aft and read a prayer,
a passage from the Bible or give the boys a little good dope."
When I demurred the shipmates seemed disappointed, so I re-
quested time to get into dress 'uniform and shave, which was
granted. In less than five minutes thereafter the cross went up
above the colors and a bugler sounded the church call. This
was immediately followed by pipes of the bosuns and their man-
date as follows: "Silence throughout the ship, smoking and card
playing' must cease until after church." I was astonished to see
assembled the largest gathering that I had noticed at divine
service during; the cruise. There were three reasons for this,
namely : there is no chaplain on the collier ; second, the boys de-
sired relief from the tedious monotony of the long cruise; and
last, but by no means least, the lads wanted to look at the guy
who would be nervy enough to tackle this job. Well, for the
hour tkat followed the best possible attention was given. I was
gratified when most of the fellows then filed past and took my
hand in friendly grasp. A little later two of the colliers crew re-
quested that, when reaching Norfolk, I should "ship over" and
stay on the Orion. Sailor lads have their faults, but they are not
so inbred or persistent as are those of the average man. The per-
son who takes sincere interest in sailors will find ready response.
I found it so aboard of the Pittsburg. Several men on that ship
concerned themselves, along moral lines, with the crew. It was
not long until this influence was decidedly prolific of good re-
sults. It became so that scoffing ceased to be heeded and that
the scoffers themselves turned to in the good work. As a result
the Pittsburg now has a fine society for moral suasion and it is
made up of the younger set.

Fight With a German Submarine.

Yours truly had the honor to be then on a ship that r>ut a
German "U" boat to flight. This happened at 4 o'clock a. m.,
on July 4th, while the Pacific fleet was having 1 a gala time at Rio
de Janeiro. I say that, at this time, a large German submarine
attacked Ponto Delg'ada, on the Portuguese island of St. Micha-els,
in the Azore group. The enemy fired twenty-five shots. The
Orion gave chase and sent thirteen shells whizzing after the in-
truder. However, this "IT" boat was beyond range of the Orion's
guns and it didn't seek closer acquaintance. The submarine's
commander must have "pawned the air" when he learned, as he
probably did, that he mistook the enormous hull of the collier for
that of a mighty battleship and thus allowed a rich Yankee prize
to escape. The Orion is commanded by Captain J. II. Boesch
who directed the chase, after Seaman 0. W. Newton had sighted
the enemy. It requires no little courage to send a ponderous,
heavily loaded collier that is 1 armed only with popguns in pursuit
of a very swift and heavily armed battle craft. Certainly the

52 Fight With a German Submarine

darkness camouflaged the Orion into a super-dreadnaught and
scared the Bosches stiff.

Some of our sailors who arrived at Norfolk. Virginia, from
Europe during October touched at Ponto Delgada, and they de-
clare that the popular name for new streets, buildings, hotels,
theatres, goods, etc., throughout the Azores is now Orion.

Literal translation of a letter that was received from the
Legislature of the District of Ponto Delgada :

Service of the Republic.
To the Excellent

Consul-Gen eral of the United States,
for tbe Azores,

Ponto Delgada.

The unfortunate occurrence of being bombarded by a German
submarine, having taken place upon this city and several neigh-
boring 1 townships, at daybreak today, and being certain that the
disaster and damage caused would have been by far worse, had
not the vessel of the g'reat American Nation, the "Collier Orion"
armed for war, 'been at our port, who's brave crew, under direc-
tion of their honored commander, responded so valiantly and en-
ergetically to the fire of the said war-vessel, stopping its fire
and driving it from our coasts, thus preventing greater disaster
to the population of this town and island.

"The Executive Committee of the Legislature of this district,
over which I have the honor to preside, as representative of the
interests in general of said district, resolved to transmit, in its
session of today, its expression of highest praise and deeply felt
thanks to the commander and his brave crew, which I beg Your
Excellency to transmit to them." 1

I am also charged by the same committee to express the sin-
cere thanks for the services and help afforded to the population,
to your Government; at the same time profiting 1 by the occasion
to express to Your Excellency recognition for your consideration
the most humble respect as a citizen of the United States and rep-
resentative in the District for the Grande Republic.

Health and Fraternity.
Bureau of the Legislature of the District of Ponto Delgada, July

4th, 1917.

The President of the Executive Committee.

(Signed) PEDRO CORREA MACHADO.

Our Native Land 53

Those of us who were returning home were much disappointed,
when the morning of October 10th proved to be the only blustery
and very foggy morning 1 that they encountered during the six
months' cruise. I

Yes, the weather was disappointing, because we w T ere nearing
"home, sweet home/' However, all hands were jubilant despite
the weather. In this mood we passed between Capes Charles and
Henry, entered Hampton Roads and continued on. There is a no
more interesting spot, from an historical standpoint for Ameri-
can citizens, than this same Hampton Roads. For was not the
first white and also Negro settlements made on its banks, at
Jamestown? Wasn't the greatest naval battles of both the
Revolutionary War and also of the Rebellion fought in this wa-
terway? Finally, were not the final battles of both these titanic
struggles fought on land nearby? During the War of the Re-
bellion Virginia lost far more men than any other state of the
Union, every inch of her soil was repeatedly fought over and the
property loss exceeded $300,000,000.

After considerable delay the Orion proceeded to the Navy
Yard at Portsmouth. En route the ship passed Jamestown, New-
port News (off which point the Merrimac was defeated by the
.Monitor), the entrance to Chesapeake Bay, and the York River;
the fortified island that was hastily first made by sinking bales
of cotton, Fortress Monroe, Norfolk, etc, to destination.

The party to which I belonged went directly to the Naval
Hospital. This fine institution was erected in 1828, and it has
pro'bably relieved more people from distress than any of the many
Government asylums. Oh, what a tale could be told relative to
the thousands of afflicted soldiers and sailors who have, at no
time, been denied the very best care that a grateful and generous
Government could bestow.

From Portsmouth a side trip was made to the Yorktown battle-
field, where Lord Cornwallis surrendered to Washington, and thus
brought to a close the <rreat Revolutionary War. The old style
houses that were erected during those early days were decidedly
interesting sights to our company. We also inspected the cave
that was the field headquarters of the haughty English general. A
small slab marks the spot where Washington received the sword
of Cornwallis and a handsome monument designates the battle-
field.

The Tomb of Washington.

It isi fitting that the final lines of this story should be in-
scribed before the resting place of the immortal Washington. We
are told that "he was first in war, first in peace and first in the
hearts of his countrymen," but he was more than that, as he was
also first in the principle that "government derives its just pow-
ers from the consent of the governed." This proposition led out to
its full fruition, means the Universal Brotherhood of Mankind.

54 The Present Situation

Pan-America Solid in Pro-Ally Spirit.

(Courtesy of the New York World.)

Pan-American opposition to Germany is again emphasized by
severence of relations between Uruguay and the Kaiser's empire.
Fourteen nations have broken with Germany since a state of war
was declared by the United States in April, and the Americas have
furnished ten of the new ones Avhose hostility has been definitely
announced.

This aliginment has seriously crippled the activities of German
agents who sought to make the Americas bases for propaganda and
intrigue. The list of the ^American continents will probably soon
be increased by the addition of Argentina, and possibly by that of
other nations.

South American countries that have broken off with Germany
are Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Uruguay. Central America is in the
same line with Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Honduras. Cuba and
Panama ceased relations April 7, two days after the action of the
United States, and Hayti acted in June.

Anti-German Sentiment Grows.

Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Chili, Argentina. Paraguay,
Salvador and Mexico yet remain neutral. Argentina's Legisla-
ture has voted for a break. Count von Luxburg, the German
Minister who was recently dismissed, is detained under military
guard.

Sentiment in Chili is in the same direction. In all of the
countries that have acted embargoes have become effective
against shipments that might directly or indirectly benefit Ger-
many and German ships in their ports have been seized.

As early as February, the day the German note regarding
submarine warfare was received, President Menocal of Cuba
called the Cuban Legislative Committee on Foreign Relations to-
gether, and the same afternoon the Government forwarded a pro-
test to Germany. In March, Dr. Pablo Desvernine. Cuban Secre-
tary of State, assured The World correspondent in Havana that
Cuba wo'uld take vigorous measures to put down attempts at Ger-
man intrigue in Cuba.

This attitude prepared the way for severance of relations. On
April 6, immediately on receipt of the news that the United
States had declared a state of war, President Menocal sent a
message to his Congress advising that the Washington example
be followed promptly, and Congress acted. Three German ships
in Havana harbor were seized, and the Government put itself
at once on a war footing.

An appropriation of .$30,000,000 was made for this purpose,
the coast was put under effective patrol, an aviation unit was or-
ganized and American troops were borrowed to guard against
surprise or mischief to the island's sugar crop, the largest ever
grown there. The Government offered to furnish a mobilization

The Present Situation 55

and training 1 ground lor American troops. Washington accepted
the offer. A council of national defense was appointed, with
authority to enlist and drill native forces. The seized German
ships were turned over to the United States.

These activities resulted in immediate cessation of revolu-
tionary tendencies on the island, all interests loyally subscribing
to the patriotic impulse that had actuated the Government. There
had been many German plotters in Cuba. The Government
rounded them up and has since kept them in subjection.

Indorse Wilson's Note.

On February 8th the Foreign Office in Panama replied to
President Wilson's note suggesting that all neutrals sever diplo-
matic relations with Germany, with a message of approval and
mdorsement. On April 7th, President Ramon Valdez signed a
proclamation committing Panama unreservedly to the assistance
of the United States in the protection of the canal. He said it
was the patriotic duty of all citizens to facilitate military oper-
ations of the United States within Panama boundaries. President
Valdez on the same day sent a message to President Wilson in-
dorsing the American action toward Germany, and it was offi-
cially announced that Germans resident in Panama would be in-
terned if they gave any sign of being involved in enemy plots.

Brazil broke o,ff relations and handed the German Minister
his passports April 10th. Several weeks elapsed before a law
was passed definitely revoking the Government's neutrality. That
action was tantamount to a declaration of war against Germany.
The Parana and Tijuca, two Brazilian ships, had been sunk by
German submarines, and popular and official feeling was roused.

Germany's trade course in Brazil had previously caused much
resentment, and people and Government saw opportunity to even
scores on that account as well. Forty-five German ships were
seized, among them the Hamburg-American liner Blucher of
12,350 tons, and their crews were interned. Official decree ad-
mitted war and other ships of the Allied nations free access to
Brazilian ports, and it was announced that the Brazilian Navy
would take over part of the work of patrolling the South Ameri-
can coast, where German raiders had been active.

Hayti Declares War.

May 4th President d'Artiguenave sent a message to the
Haytiaii Congress demanding a declaration of war against Ger-
many 011 the ground that five Haytians were members of the
crew and three others were passengers of the torpedoed French
steamship Montreal, which was plying between Bordeaux and
Hayti. Berlin had already handed passports to the Haytian
Charge for his protests against this violation of The Hague con-
vention, and Hayti had rejoined by dismissing the German Charge
at Port-au-Prince. The Congress passed resolutions of sever-
ance, but not of war.

56 The Present Situation

Jii September the Haytian Council of State declared a state
of war. German interests in the island had been estimated at
$20,000/000. They have since been valueless. Previous to the
declaration of a .state of war German agents were suspected of
fomenting- the rebellions which had disarranged the insular
finances and had rendered all Government unstable. There has
been American military protection since September and no recur-
rence of political or other troubles.

The Bolivian Minister of Foreign Affairs was authorized last
February to support the attitude of the United States in the crisis
with Germany. Notes to that effect were sent to Washington and
to Berlin. Following 1 the Washington break in April, his pass-
ports were handed to the German Minister in La Paz with a
note recalling that the Bolivian Minister to Berlin was a passen-
ger on the Holland-Lloyd liner Tubantia when that vessel was
sunk by a submarine in neutral waters last year, and declaring
that relations with Germany had become unsupportable under the
aggravating circumstances.

Peru Breaks Relations.

In February the Peruvian press demanded that Peru join
with the United States in condemning the ruthless submarine
warfare by Germany. A Peruvian ship, the Lorton, had recently
been sunk in Spanish territorial waters. Germany promised to
pay damages if neutrality was violated, but nothing further
came of the protest except an offer to submit the case to a prize
court. German plots seem to have been active in Peru, and in
April two Peruvian submarine commanders were arrested and
imprisoned on charges of having conspired to turn Peruvian un-
dersea boats over to Germans, to prey upon American and
Allied shipping.

In August Peru sent an ultimatum to Germany concerning 1
the Lorton sinking, and at the same time the Peruvian Congress
approved the recommendation of President Pardo that Peruvian
ports be opened to ships of the United States. Five German
steamships and three sailing vessels at Callao Were taken over in
September. Parts of the machinery were missing. Answer to
the Lorton ultimatum was demanded within eight days from Sep-
tember 26th, and as none came a state of war has virtually existed
since that time.

Uruguay rejected the principle of submarine war in a note
to Germany last February, and a concurrent note to the United
States notified this Government of Uruguay's adherence to the
principle of defense of the rights and interests of neutrals. In
June the Uruguayan Senate decided that American warships vis-
iting there would be treated as non-belligerents and would be
given all peace privileges.

Appeal to Latin America.

In August the Government issued an appeal to all Latin

The Present Situation 57

America to stand by the United States against Germany. In Sep-
tember, on rumors of plans to sink the eight German ships in the
harbor of Montevideo, th-e Government seized the ships and in-
terned the crews. That act strained relations, already tense, and
led to the final break.

Guatemala handed passports in April to Dr. Lehmami, th-e
German Minister, who had been suspected of trying to foment
revolutions in Central America with a view to diverting the at-
tention of th-e United States from German performances by keep-
ing it busy near home. President Cabrera informed Washington
that his Government had broken off with Germany because of its
desire to stand with the United Stat-es in its contest for the su-
premacy of democracy and the preservation of international law.

Nicaragua severed diplomatic relations with Germany in May,
offering at the time the use of its territorial waters to the United
States.

Costa Rica offered the hospitality of its ports to American
warships in April, soon after Washington declared a state of
war. It then appeared that German agents had tried to finance
a revolt in Costa Rica, with the view of planting submarine bases
off that coast. A pro-German newspap-er was seized in San Jose
in July.

In September all German residents of Costa Rican ports were
interned for abetting conspiracy against the Government, and
September 21st the Government formally severed relations with
Germany and the German diplomatic and consular representatives
received their passports. Honduras broke officially with Ger-
many May 18th, declaring that all the American nations must
sin ud tog-ether for democracy in the present crisis.

Faces a Hostile World.

Germany's Enemies Number Three- Fourths of All Nations Few Neutral

Nations Now Besides tire Eighten Countries Openly at War

With Central Powers Ten Have Broken Relations.

More than three-fourths of the world's population lives in
the eighteen countries at war with Germany, or her Allies, accord-
ing to compilations from Government sourc-es.

The persons living within the central countries are outnum-
bered more than seven times by anti-Germanic populations, and
the proportion is swelled even hi "her if consideration is taken 01
the populations of the ten countries which have broken relations
with the Central Powers. Germany's enemies nowi include nearly
all the white and yellow races, and thp physical resources of about
half the world's area are mobilized auainst the forces of Germany,
Aiistro-IIungary. Bulgaria and Turkey.

For these reasons, observers here are watching intently the
play of influences within the few remaining 1 neutrals, including:
Spain, Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland and
in America, Venezuela, Paraguay, Colombia, Ecuador. Salvador
and Mexico.

NEARLY ALL AMERICAS ARE
ANTI-GERMAN, MAP SHOWS.

-KEY TO MAP-

DIPLOMATIC

RLAl!OH55tVEREQ

- Shaded -

Since This Map Was Made Guatemala and Brazil Declared War Against
Gcimany and Argentina Dismissed the German Minister.

The Present Situation, 59

Ten Have Broken Relations!.

Similarly, unusual interest is felt here in the future course of
the nations which have broken relations with Germany or her
Allies. These are Brazil, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Hayti,
Honduras, Nicaragua. Peru, Uruguay, San Domingo and Argentina.

It is pointed out here that, of the world's total population of
1,691,000,000, about 1,342,000,000 live under flag's of the Central
Powers' open enemies in the war. About 40,000,000 inhabit the
countries which have broken relations and 132,000.000 are neu-
tral, while the population of Germany and her Allies is about
177,000,000.

Of the world's total area of 57,000.000 square miles, 27,000,000
are under anti-German domination, while the Germanic Allies
control only 5,000,000.

State Department records show the following nations at war
with Germany or her Allies : United States, Great Britain,
France, Russia, Serbia, Japan, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Roumania,
Greece, Montenegro. San Marino, China, Cuba, Panama, Siam and
Liberia.

How Declarations Were Made.

The alignment of these nations is shown by these .formal dec-
larations of war made since Austria precipitated the world's
strife on July 28th, 1914. by declaring war on Serbia. Tnese dec-
larations are as follows:

Austria against Belgium, Montenegro, Russia and Serbia;
Bulgaria against Serbia ; China against Austria and Germany ;
Cuba against Germany; France against Austria, Bulgaria and
Germany; Germany against France, Portugal and Russia; Great
Britain against Bulgaria, Austria, Germany and Turkey; Greece
against Germany; Italy against Austria, Bulgaria and Germany;
Japan against Germany; Liberia against Germany: Montenegro
against Austria; Panama against Germany; Roumania against
Austria; Serbia against Turkey; Siam against Austria and Ger-
many; Turkey against all the Entente nations November 23rd,
inU, and later against Roumania; United States against Ger-
many.

60 Facts and Fancies

SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER
The Officers and Men Who Made History.

Every enterprise owes its success or failure primarily to the
personnel of those who direct its affairs. In this respect the Pa-
cific fleet of the United States Navy has reason to be prond. Ad-
miral Caperton is an accomplished gentleman, of pleasing person-
ality and a diplomat who certainly does know what should be
done, how to do it and when. Under his direction a good impres-
sion was made in every country that was visited, not alone by the
officers but also by the men. Am certain that the conduct of all
American sailors while ashore was a source of pleasure to the good
people who everywhere hailed us with delight.

The most difficult task among the officers was undoubtedly
that of the admiral, whose duty it was to win respect abroad,
esteem o,f an exacting public at home and also* the approval of his
Government. That he is entitled to all of this 1 is the consensus of
opinion throughout the squadron.

The commanders of each ship merited the confidence that was
reposed in them by their superiors and also by the men. If there
was inefficiency anywhere among' the officers, it did not manifest
itself. The commanding officers referred to were : E. G. Brad-
shaw antl Zeno E. Brings, of the flagship Pittsburg'; W. C. Cole,
G. W. Williams and L. A. Bostwick, of the cruisers Frederick,
Pueblo and South Dakota respectively. The Marine Corps under
Major R. M. Cutts and Captains G. A. Johnson and N. C. Pierce
never failed to make a good showing. Thanks to the wise direction
of Medical Inspector E. S. Bogert and to the untiring energies of
Surgeons Karl Ohnesorg and II. McDonald, a giood state of health
prevailed. The construction and repair forces were equal to tbeir
difficult tasks, under the guidance of First Lieutenant G. W.
Wright, the carpenter. H. M. Davis and his chief officer. A. F.
Sloan. Fleet Chaplain L. N. Taylor was precisely the man for the
place and he never failed to cheer up and comfort those who needed
encouragement. Oh, by the way! the flagship band must by no
means be overlooked. There are several first class m'usical direc-
tors in this aggregation, which is second to no band that is afloat.

There is no official position on a man of war that is a bed of
roses, and the necessary discipline embraces every person from the
admiral down. Furthermore, officers are not exempt from an
equal share with the men of the tedious long watches of the night.
In fact, the officers are more intensely vigilant than the men, for
they realize that the safety of the ship and its human cargo is large-
ly in their own keeping. It is certain that many sleepless hours are
passed by these same officers in planningi ways and means I say
ways and means, not only for the comfort of the men, but that they
may the better secure their respect and also the approbation of the
higher powers.

Facts and Fancies 61

A Tribute to the American Bluejacket.

Xo class of men form such strong 1 and enduring friendships as
do the naval forces of the sea. Sailors stand together through thick
and thin, drink from the same cup, puff away calmh^ at the same
cigarette and share their lust dollar. There is no kindly act that is
too hard to be rendered by one shipmate for another. He doesn't
back-bite. No ! not on your life ! but goes at it raw, face to face.
Despite a few faults Jack is usually honest, and he will defend a,
g % ood woman quicker than any other man on earth.

Beyond question Uncle Sam's enlisted men do average up bet-
ter than any equal number of persons picked up en masse from any
walk in civil life, the church not excepted. For example, one must
be a citizen, not necessarily a voter, to become ai man-o '-war's man.
You will not find in the navy any man, .inclusive of Asiatics, who
did not take 'sufficient interest in the country to learn its. language;
nor any whose chief concern is to amass money for expenditure in
a foreign land; neither those who refuse to become citizens and
thru sneak around denouncing the country that shelters them.
Again there are no "I won't work" freaks, anarchists or blather-
skites in Uncle Sam's Navy.

What the American Navy needs badly is> for the Government
and also its citizens to lake a more vital interest in the sailors (not
only during' war thin-, but all of the time). Do this so as to dis-
abuse many of the lads' minds from the sordid idea that this inter-
est is mercenary. Surround the enlisted men with at least so many
g-ood influences as they an- now assailed by those that are bad and
the morale of the navy will become vastly better. When sailor lads
go ashore, weary from a prolonged cruise, the very gates of Hell in
every port are thrown wide open and the forces there just shout for
the boys. Surely it is the manifest duty of every good citizen to
''stand by' y then. Just cut out the I bought that sailors will be sail-
ors and conceive of the fact that sailors can be men.

Coming riulit down to hard facts, the seasoned naval man is
efficient, energetic, discreet, conrleous, obedient and honest; in fact,
he is the peer 1 of any man.

The Author's Opinion of the United States Navy.

During 1 my six months' experience as an enlisted man aboard
a man-o '-war, I learned the following facts:

That the navy is the best kind of a place for a man who will,
do the right thinir:

That payment for service, not at all arduous, is excellent, all
Ihinus considered; c-pei-ially because promotions are rapidly made;

That the opportunity to acquire proficiency, particularly in
the mechanical arts, cannot be equaled elsewhere;

That the food, clothing and comforts furnished are much bet-
ter than the average men on shore receive;

That the chance to see many wonderful sights throughout the

62 Facts and Fancies

world is par-excellent. Through this medium sailor lads soon be-
come broad-minded and educated to a surprising degree ;

The only roughnecks are among the raw recruits who, after a
short time, -either become gentlemen or they have to "'beat it."

Finally, the Government takes the most tender care of its sick
or infirm sailors, and after they have performed a reasonable
amount of service and retire therefrom, a handsome life pension is
the reward.

PERTINENT FACTS

Relative to the United States Navy, Especially Concerning 1

Cruisers.

An American cruiser, although not armed with the largest of
guns is able to seriously tantalize those that are, for with her bow
and stern shot away and her bottom punched full of holes she is still
able to float and shoot, and when she shoots the target is struck;
provided it is within range. Cruisers are only in fear of torpedoes,
several of which they also carry. The wonderful equipments of
these ships and the marvelous manner in which they are handled
far exceeds the imaginatoin of the average person.

Cruisers are a honeycomb device consisting of several hundred
absolutely water-tight compartments, from every one of which there
are two ways of escape. Every man has a specific duty to perform
and knows how to do it; furthermore, he must give an account to
the man higher up. The President of the United States receives the
report from the Secretary of the Navy, who checks up Chief Admiral
Benson. Thus it runs down the line through the division admiral,
the captains of ships under his command, the heads of departments,
chief petty officers, etc. Every pound of nails, stick of timber, sack
of pOAvder, can of provisions : in fact, each article used aboard ship
must be accounted for. Thus it happens that discipline of a high
order is the watchword throughout the navy. Red tape it is called,
but without these regulations all would be chaotic aboard ship.

Usually about 5 :30 a. m. the reveille, that sounds so sweetly
on shore 'but which spells dismay to so many aboard ship, is
sounded. The boys sing it in rag time, something like this :
"I can't git 'em up, I can't git 'em up,

I can't git 'em up, in the morning;

I can't git 'em up, T can't git 'em up.

I can't git 'em up at all."

The rest of the words of this ditty would not look well in
print, so you may guess at it. Instantly following reveille the air
is made hideous by the tooting of many pipes and sonorous voices
of the boatswains* who bellow out "Arise and Shine," "Up All
Hammocks," "Show a Leg There," "Corking Mats of the Deck."

Facts and Fancies 63

etc. Woe betide the drowsy guy who slumbers on. as he is likely
to" get a smash across the place where his hammock sag's the low-
est. Directly after roll-out com-es deck scrubbing and wash-up
followed by pipe down for morning chow, which is served by soup-
hounds, or as the boys when angry call them, slop-hounds. Now
look out for the charge of the ration grabbers, when we used to
hear something like this: "'One foot on the deck; fire and fall back;
have a heart there; don't hog all the beans; that man has grabbed
six men's rations of primes; here, you guy w r ith six hot dog's, come
across with my share." Yes, we heard this sort of thing at the
commencement of the cruise, when three-fourths of the ship's com-
pany were raw recruits and the ship was handicaped for -efficient
service to care for the unusual crowd. It wasn't long, however,
when all was serene around the festive board. Now for continu-
ation of the reg'ular order.

The smoking lamp is out for fifteen minutes.
Scrub, wash and mend clothing.

At 8 o'clock salute the colors, visit the dentist, go to the sick
!>ay and turn in if sick or turn to for duty, as the case may be. At
this same hour the admiral signals the uniform of the day, which
must be donned by every man throughout the squadron.

Except for an hour, when the sun crosses the yardarm and the
men are at dinner, most of the time until 4 o'clock is given over to
drills. Not every drill is held each day, but there is always enough
to keep men and officers from growing stale. The "great gun drill"
is n performance such as the men might have to go through in the
actual manning of the battery, loading, pointing and firing of guns.
As sailors have to be soldiers, they go through a drill called the
"school of a soldier." "Fire quarter." "collision drill" and "aban-
don ship" are for the training of the sailors to meet emergencies.

"General quarters" sends every man to his place on the ship
so that he may be ready for "clearing ship for action," which
means all the rigging and every thing that would impede firing
must be got out of the way.

Every man in these drills must do his utmost to keep up with
his mates, and it is this friendly -emulation that turns out such a
capable body of sailor men. The new men begin their naval life in
a separate squad. Of course one of the first things a sailor has to
learn, if he does not already know it, is how to swim. Then he
must be disciplined in the life of a sailor, must learn how to sling
and lash his hammock and to keep his belongings as a sailor should.
He is instructed in signalling, boxing the compass and the flags
of the nations of the earth. He must learn how to heave the lead
and take sounding's and to handle the ropes deftly and to whip
and splice when necessary.

At the training stations he g'oes aboard a small practice vessel
and puts into practice what he has learned ashore.

64 Facts and Fancies

The Navy's Schools

At the end of four months he must pass an examination. This
safely over, he becomes an acknowledged member of the navy. This
is an age o,f specialization in the navy as elsewhere. Many of the
men enter the electrical schools, where they have eight months of
instruction. The seaman gunners' classes have six months' courses
qualifying! the men as gunners' mates for the battery of the man-o'-
war. Beyond this there is the course in the manufacture and use of
high explosives, the care of torpedoes and the laying of mines in the
naval torpedo school

There is also a school for the study of engines and boilers; an-
other one where carpenters, blacksmiths, plumbers, cooks and other
specialists can be taught.

Competition between the ships is remarkably keen, and each
sailor is as deeply interested in the rating 1 of his ship as is the com-
manding officer. A regular schedule of engineering is made out
every year for each ship, and the way in which they meet the test
decides their standing,

In addition to the practical instruction at the training sta-
tions and in the navy trade schools a course of academic instruc-
tion is provided. But Jack's life is far from being all work and
no play.

The men finish their day's work at eight bells four o'clock
in the afternoon. They then scatter about, read, play games, sing,
spin yarns, play with their pets or do whatever they like.

After supper, which is served at 6 o'clock and consists of
meat and potatoes, dessert, bread and butter and tea, the men
again have time for rest or recreation. Some of them go to the
"movies."

But "tattoo" comes early at 9 o'clock and a few minutes
later "taps."

The reason for superior efficiency on a United States ship lies
in its excellent system of organization as outlined below :

Captain or Commander in Charge, after which comes the Departments,
as follows:

First Lieutenant.

Chief Masters at Arms (2) Yeoman (1).

Chief Boatswain and Mates (2).

Coxswains [str.] (4).

Sailmakers (1).
Chief Carpenter Chief Carpenter's Mates (2).

Carpenter's Mates (6).

Shipwrights (6).

Shipfitters (3).

Blacksmith (1).

Plumbers (2).

Painters (4).

Printers (3).
Navigator.

Chief Quartermasters (2).

Ship's Quartermasters (5).

Signalmen [Sea. and Ord. Sea.] (16).

Facts and Fancies 65

Ordnance Officer.

Electrical Gunner.

Chief Electricians (2).

Electricians (22).

Radio Chief Electrician (1).

Radio Electricians (3).

Ordnance Gunner Chief Gunner's Mates (2) Yeoman (1).

Fire Control Officer Electricians (2) Gunner's Mates (3).

Torpedo Officer Chief Gunner's Mate (1) Gunner's Mates (7).;
Division Officers.
For each one of the Turrets there are the following:

Chief Turret Captain (1).

Gunner's Mates (2).

Boatswain's Mates (2).

Coxswains (2).

Seamen (21).

Ordinary Seamen (28).

Electricians (1).

Masters-at-Arms (1).
And for Six -inch Battery forward:

Gunner's Mates (2)

Boatswain's Mates (2).

Coxswains (2).

Seamen (10).

Ord. Seamen (20).
And for Six-inch Battery Aft:

Gunner's Mates (3).

Boatswain's Mates (2).

Coxswain (1).

Seamen (18).

Ord. Seamen (26).

Masters-at-Arms (1).
Engineer Officer:

Yeoman (1).

Warrant Engineer Officers (3).
Engine-room Force:

Chief Machinist's Mates (3).

Machinist's Mates and Oilers (36).
Assistant Engineer Officer:

Fireroom force. . .

Chief Water Tenders (3).

Blacksmith Co-'-"m?th and Water Tenders (14).

Firemen and Coal Passers.
Pay Officer:

Pay Clerks (2).

Commissary Steward (1).

Ship's Cook (13).

Bakers (4).

Yeomen (4).

Officers' Servants (33).
Medical Officer:

Junior Medical Officer.

Hospital Steward (1).

Hospital Apprentices, 1st Class (2).

Hospital Apprentices (4).
Marine Officer:

Junior Marine Officer.

First Sergeant (1).

Sergeants (2).

Corporals (6).

Privates (63).

Trumpeter (1).

Drummer (1).

Band (16).

66 Facts and Fancies

How to Distinguish Ranks and Rating's in the United States Navy.

Here is a description of the various devices and insignia, by which the rank
and rating and also the branches of the service may be distinguished for men in
the navy. In the case of commissioned officers reference will always be to the
collar, as that is the marking most likely to be noticed by the man in the street.
Admiral of the Navy Four silver stars of five rays each, the two end stars
surcharged upon gold foul anchors, the crowns of the anchors 'pointing toward
each other and one ray of each star pointing upward.

Rear Admiral Same as for admiral of the navy, omitting the anchor near
the front edge of the collar but retaining its star, thus having four stars, the
rearmost one surcharged on a gold anchor.

Vice Admiral Same as for admiral, but only three stars and substituting a
silver foul anchor without a star for the gold anchor surcharged with a ( star.
Commodore Same as for rear admiral, but with only one star.
Captain A silver spread eagle and a silver foul anchor in the rear of the
eagle.

Commander A silver oak leaf and a silver foul anchor in the rear of the
leaf.

Lieutenant Commander A gold oak leaf and a silver foul anchor in the
rear of the leaf.

Lieutenant Two silver bars and a silver foul anchor in the rear of the
bars, all bars at right angles to upper edge of collar.

Lieutenant, Junior Grade A silver bar and a silver foul anchor in rear of
bar.

Ensign A silver foul anchor.

Chaplain On the collar one inch from the neck opening a Latin cross em-
broidered in silver.

Chief Boatswain Two foul anchors crossed, embroiderd in silver sur-
charged at point of crossing with a gold five-pointed star.

Chief Gunner A flaming spherical shell embroiderd in silver, flame hori-
zontal and pointing to the rear, surcharged at the center of the shell with; a
gold five -pointed star.

Chief Machinist A three-bladed propeller embroiderd in silver, surcharged
at the center with a gold five-pointed star.

Chief Carpenter and Carpenter A carpenter's square, point down, embroi-
dered in gold and silver respectively.

Chief Sail maker and Sail maker A diamond embroidered in silver and gold
respectively.

Chief Pharmacist and Pharmacist A caduceous embroidered in gold and
silver respectively.

Midshipmen A gold anchor, shank vertical.

Medical Officers A silver acorn leaf embroidered upon a gold spread oak
leawith the stem outward.

Pay Officers A silver oak sprig of three leaves and three acorns inscribed
in a rectangle.

Naval Constructors A gold sprig of two live oak leaves and an acorn.
Civil Engineers Two crossed silver sprigs, each of two live oak leaves and
an acorn.

Medical Reserve Officers A gold acorn leaf embroidered upon a silver
spread oak leaf.

Distinguishing marks for non-commissioned officers and enlisted men are
the following:

Radio Operator Four zigzag lines as of lightning.
Torpedoman A torpedo.
Musicians A lyre.
Buglei A bugle.
Shipwright Two axes crossed.

Ship's Cooks and Bakers and Officers' Stewards and Cooks A silver cres-
cent on a dark background.

Hospital Apprentice A Geneva cross of red cloth.

Facts and Fancies 67

Dates and Distances From the Navigator's Records of the U. S. S.
Pittsburgh, Flagship Pacific Fleet.

Left San Diego on May 7th for San Jose de Guatemala. Ar-
rived in that place on May 14th at about 4 :30 p. m. Distance trav-
eled 2300 miles. Left San Jose de Guatemala May 17th at about
7:15 a. m. Arrived at Balboa, C. Z., on May 21st at 5 p. m. There
we went into drydock for one day. Left Balboa. C. Z., on May
24th about 7 a. m. ; distance traveled 1.000 miles. Proceeded
through the canal to Colon; distance traveled 06 miles. Left Colon
on May 30th at about 10 a. m. for Bahia, Brazil, June 15th at about
4 :15 p. in. ; distance traveled 3,600 miles. Left Bahia on June 21st
at 9 a. m. and arrived in Rio de Janeiro June 23rd at 6 :30 p. m. ;
distance traveled 800 miles. Left Rio de Janeiro July 6th at 5:30
a. m. Arrived in Montevideo July 10th at about 7 :45 a. m. ; dis-
tance traveled 1,000 miles'. Left Montevideo July 22d at 9:10 a. m.
Arrived in Buenos Aires July 24th at about 6 :15 p. m. ; distance
about 125 miles. Left Buenos Aires July 31st at 1 :30 p. m. Left
Rio de Janeiro September 21st at 4 p. m. for a sixteen-day run to
Hampton Roads ; distance 4919 miles.

&8 Facts and Fancies

A Brazilian Bill of Fare

MENU
Chicken Soup (Canja) $800

COLD (FRIAS)
Assorted Meats & Potato Salad l$20o

FISH (P1EIXES)

Boiled (Cosido) Brasilian Style 1$200

Filets with dressing- 1$000

ENTREES (BNTRADAS)

Beefsteak & Fried Potatoes (Bifes c Batatas Fritas) $800

Eggs & Bacon (Ovos estrelades ao Bacon) 1$200

Eggs & Ham (Ovos estraldos presunto) 1$200

y 2 Roast Chicken (y 2 Frango Assado) 1$500

Soft Boiled Eggs (Ovos Quentes) $600

Fried Eggs (Ovos Fritos) $800

Beefsteak & Eggs (Bifes com Ovos) 1$400

GRILL (GRILHADAS)

Chicken (Frangos) 1$500 Ribs of Pork, Mutton or Veal

Liver (Figado) $800 (Costelletas de Porco Car-
Kidneys (Rins) 1$000 neiro e Vitella) 1$200

ROASTS (ASS ADOS)
Chicken (Frangos) 1$500

VEGETABLES (LEGUMES)

Spinach (Espinafre) $600 Palm Hearts (Palmitos) $60C

Greens (Grellos) $600

SALADA

Lettuce (Alface) Cress (Agriao) or Potato (Batata) $600

DESSERTS

Fruit Pie (Tcrta de Frutas) . .$600 Sliced Bananas with milk,

Plums (Ameixas) $500 Sugar $500

Quince Jam (Marmellada) $400 Jelly $500

Goiaba Cheese (Goiabada) $400 Sweet Omelet 1$500

Baked Bananas (Bananas Assa- (Omelete ao Sucre)

das)) $600 Fried Bananas $600

(Compote de Goiaba) $500 (Bananas Fritas)

Mamao Preservers (Compote) . $500 Bananas uncooked $200

FRUITS (FRUTAS)

Pears, Apples, Grapes (Peras) (Macas) (Uvas) Mamao $500

Mineral Water 1$000 Bread & Butter (Pao e Man-
Coffee (Cafe) $100 or $200 teiga $300

Facts and Fancies 69

WHAT IS A PRO-GERMAN?

(Reprinted at the request of the Oakland War Service League.)
By HERBERT QUICK

A pro-German is a man who, by private or public utterances, stands in the
way of a whole-hearted prosecution of this war and the defeat of the German
will to conquer.

He may do it by finding fault with the conduct of the war. He may do it
by impracticable peace arguments. He may do it through a mistaken policy.
He may do it because he is in the pay cl the German government. Ho may do
it because he has been befooled and bamboozled by those who are ir$ Ger-
many's pay.

The German will to expansion by conquest must be broken by defeat. If
that rapacious will be not broken, the war will not give us peace. In all the
history of the world there never existed a conquering nation less fit to rule
others than are the Germans. This is true because the German policy is so
brutal, so cruel, so scientifically exterminating. In the streets of every town
in German Poland children are falling and dying of starvation. Children 8 to
12 years of age are being- carried through the streets by their parents because
they are too weak co walk because of starvation. The Poles are being
exterminated as fast as possible by the Germans just as the Armenitins the
oldest Christian nation in the world are being exterminated by the Germans
and Turkte. Why? Because Germany wants the property of the Poles for
Germans after the war; and because they want the property of the Armenians
for the Turks and Germans after the war.

Their will can and must be broken by defeat. It is not the will of the
individual German. It is the bloody, brutal, cruel, devilish will of the German
government and the German ruling class, mis-educated in the school which
believes that war is the summation of human good.

A pro-German is any one who stands in the way of our successful prosecu-
tion of the war. Every word that falls from the tongue of any American or is
written by him carries with it a responsibility greater than ever existed in the
history of this nation. Look well to what you say or do.

Germany has in this country hundreds of papers printed in the German
tongue. Whether this ought to be or not is a grave question. If any of these
papers are loyal, I do not know of them. Some of them may be, but I have
riot heard of them.

These and other papers and many individuals say they are for America, but
none of them say they are against Germany. He who is for us is Against
Germany. He who is not against Germany, tooth and nail, in this war is not
for America. You can tell the pro -German by another test: If he is against
France, or against Italy, or against Russia, he is pro-German.

The armies and navies of these powers are fighting our fight They are
dying by thousands every day to make the world safe for democracy. If we
win, we must win because they do most of the fighting and dying, while we
only do some of it.

The enemy of Great Britain is pro-German. The enemy of Russia is pro-
German and anti- democratic. The enemy of Italy is against America. The
enemy of France is lost to every claim of patriotism.

Do not let these pro-Germ jins poison the atmosphere in your locality by
slandering our allies without challenge. It is time to call down the man who

7o Facts and Fancies

fights against our armies with tongue or pen, no matter what flag those armies
are fighting under. Words are things. In such a crisis they are dreadful
things, piortentious things, things which can not be allowed to pa,ssi as of
no account.

Germany is penetrating every country of the world with her hired spies
and traitors. She disorganized the Russian army through traitors after the
revolution. She knew the plan of Russian battle beforehead through traitors.
She has filled this country with spies and traitors. She has financed the
I. W. W., without a doubt. She has destroyed property and debauched our.
citizens.

Is there any American who does not long for peace? Not one! Neither is
there a Briton or Frenchman or Italian or Russian. But it must not be ai
German peace, leaving the great spider in the center of his web waiting for
another chance. It must be a real peace. It must be made with the German
people or with a ruined Hohenzollern one or the other. But he who talks
peace as if he only longs for it, as if he only were commissioned to make
peace, must want a different sort of peace from the sort \ve must have. Dis-
trust him. He may be sincere, but he may not be.

The world has in the past been conquered by traitors oftener than it was
ever conquered by arms. The Mexican people fought each other into slavery
to Spain. Let us not be bought by German g*old into slavery to Germany.

With an Apology to "Hoch Der Kaiser."

Contributed by a disgusted Americanized German.

(To be sung in Rag Time.)

GOTT ALMIGHDY VILHELM.

Behold der Great Kaiser tremendous und grufl,
Mit his furious mustaches pointed abuff;
To remind efry creature upon German sot,
Dot he is der Kaiser, py Chesus py Gott.

He determined to rule, und as he took a notion,
All peoples vot lif on his side off der earth;
To chase efry kicker right into der ocean
Unt to make of his enemies simply a dearth.

Oh he's a rethot potentate,
Dis mighdy man of great estate;
He does not pause a little bit,
To let you know he's all of it.

Now ven der Kaiser makes a speech,

He doesn't holler, shout or screech;

But, mit aspect shtern unt stubborn vill,

He tries to. all der people thrill;

To set all lands in great commotion;

Unt rattle up der mighdy ocean.

"I am der Mighdy Kaiser off you all,

Ven I open vide my mout you come unto my call.

Chevohah he discoverd me unt set me right in motion,

Unt you who cannot see der point most chump into der ocean,

Voll dis Kaiser rushed right into battle,

Mil his bristling mustaches unt cannons rattle;

A flock of miu'hdy big hot air balloons:

chiant eater-pillar enchines und pontoons,

An amazing swarm of Uhland lancers

I'm other sorts off fancy prancers.

Now dot Kaiser he did soon find out,

Dot there vere udders who could do some shooting;

To put his soldiers in a rout,

Und send his cohorts homevard scooting.

Dot mighdy mustache now is drooping,
For tings haf happened thick und fast;
Der var Gott to der rear is trooping,
Und vondering if his chob vill last.

Veil, after dis war, dere comes Democracy,
To knock out kings und Aristocracy;
To queer der chob of being Kaisers
Und udder humbug curtain risers.

li.ih! dis war iss monkey business, a bumb-geschaft,
Dot rattles up der people, und makes dem all go daft.
Ven it iss over den der Kaiser he must go,
Und give to all der peoples a half vay decent show.

N B. The guy who got the above out of his system died the next day.

Two views of the Panama Canal

Roster of Pacific Fleet Officers 71

UNITED STATES PACIFIC FLEET.
Roster of Officers.

Admiral William Banks Caperton. United States Navy, com-
mander in chief.

Commander L. McNamee, Chief of Staff.
Medical Inspector E. S. Bogert, Fleet Surgeon.
Pay Inspector J. Fyffe. Fleet Paymaster.
Major of Marines, R. M. Cntts, Marine Officer.
Lieutenant A. T. Beauregard, Flag 1 Secretary.
Lieutenant H. M. Lammers, Flag Lieutenant.
Lieutenant (j. g.) W. S. Hogg', Fleet Radio Officer.
Assistant Paymaster T. A. Culhane.
(lunner J. J. Alexander, Radio Gunner.
Knuineer H. G. Bo wen. Fleet Engineer.

Commissioned Officers.

Commander G. B. Bradshaw Ensign F. W. Wead

Commander Z. E. Briggs Ensign E. P. Sauer

Lieut. Comdr. J. W. Pond Ensign B. R. Alexander

Lieut. G. B. Wright Ensign J. A. Sternberg

Lieut. J. A. Monroe Ensign W. P. Bacon

Lieut. W. W. Bradley Ensign J. M. Steele

Lieut. E Lyders, NCDR Ensign W. P. Rutledge

Lieut, R. Agerup, NCDR Ensign J. D. Price

Lieut, M. Harloe, NCDR Ensign E. W. Sprague NNV
Lieut, (jg) R, M. Johnson NCDR Ensign F. Risser
Lieut, (jg) J. D. McLeod, NCDR Ensign N. Anderson

Knsig-n \V. II. A. Pike Jr. Ensign F. Evans

Ensign W. Granat Ensign F. Myers

Ensign R. J. Jondreau Ensign C. S. Chapman

Ensign J. B. Kneip Ensign C. J. Nanson
Ensign D. C. Watson

Warrant Officers.

Surgeon Karl Ohnesorg Chaplain L. N. Taylor

Asst. Snrg. II. McDonald Machinist G. C. Neilson

Dent. Surg. J. D. Halleck . Carpenter H. M. Davis

Paymaster C. S. Baker Asst. Paymaster F. A. Abbott

Asst. Pay. F. G. Crist. NFR Act. Pay Clerk D. F. Zimmerman

Capt. G. A. Johnson, USMC Prov. Act. Pay Clerk W. S. Cooper
Kirst Lieut. J. B. Sebree, USMC Prov. Act. Pay Clerk C. C. Hanan

FIRST DIVISION.

Pittsburgh (Flagship).

Commander G. B. Bradshaw Lieut. E. Lyders, N. R. F.

Lieut. J. E. Pond Lieut. M. Harloe, N. R. F.

Lirnt. J. A. Monroe Lieut, (j.g.) J. D. McLeod, N.R.F.

Roster of Pacific Fleet Officers

Ensign W. Granat
Ensign J. B'. Kneip
Ensign F. W. Wead
Ensign B. R. Alexander
Ensign W. P. Bacon
Ensign P. W. Eutledge
Ensign E. W. Sprague, N.N.V.
Asst. Surg. H. McDonald
Paymaster C. S. Baker
G. A. Johnson, U. S. M. C.
Chaplain L. N. Taylor
Commander Z. E. Briggs
Lieut. G. B. Wright
Lieut. W. W. Bradley Jr.

Lieut. R. Agerup, N. R. F.
Lieut, (j. g.) R. M. Johnson, NRF.
Elision W. H. A. Pike Jr.
Ensign R. J. Jondreau
Ensign D. C. Watson
Ensign E. P. Saner
Ensign J. M. Sternberg
Ensign J. M. Steele
Ensign J. D. Price
Surgeon Karl Ohnesorg
Dental Surgeon J. D. Halleck
Asst. Pay. F. G. Crist. N. R. F.
Lieut. First. J. B. Sebree. U.S.M.C.

Frederick.

Captain W. C. Col-e

Lieut. Com. R. S. Gulp

Lieut. J. J. Manning

Lieut. R. H. Baker, N. N. V.

Lieut. R, A. Silent. N. N. V.

Lieut, (j.g.) H. S. Haynes, N.N.V.

Ensign J. Wilkes

Ensign I. Parker

Ensign I. Lehrfeld

Ensign L. D. Miller, N. R. F.

Ensign S. R. Siebert, N. N. V.

Ensign C. W. Pierce, N. N. V.

Paymaster E. M. Hacker

Asst. Surg. T. C. Pounds. N. N. V.

Lieut. Com. J. P. Jackson
Lieut. Com. W. B. Allison. N.N.V.
Lieut. A. A. Garcelon
Lieut. J. A. Ducray, N. N. V.
Lieut. W. E. Hubbard, N. N. V.
Lieut, (j.g.) W. R. Cobb, N.N.V.
Ensign J. A. Scott
Ensign J. C. Tyler
Ensign W. S. B. Claude
Ensign A. M. Baldwin, N. N. V.
Ensign C. B. Tillotson, N. N. V.
Ensign J. II. Garrett, N. R. F.
P. A. Surg'. C. B. Munger

Pueblo.

Captain G. W. Williams
Lieut. W. A. Glassford Jr.
Lieut, J. F. McCloin
Lieut, (j.g.) A. Schulze
Lieut. F. R. Seaver, N. N. V.
Lieut, W. C. Tooze, N. N. V.
Lieut, (j.g.) H. C. Buckle, N.N.V.
Ensign G. P. Brewster Jr.
Midn. V. O. Clark
Midn. H. W. Anderson
Ensign R. J. A. Stern. N. N. V.
Ensign Dana Hogan, N. N. V.
Ensign A. A. Oakley, N. R. F.
P. A. Surg. A. J. Murietta, N.N.V.
P. A, Paymaster M. D. Stanley

Lieut. Com. M. H. Simons
Lieut. W. C. Owen
Lieut, (j.sr.) N. W. Hibbs
Lieut. J. G. Willey, N. N. V.
Lieut. F. S. M. Harris, N. N. V.
Lieut. D. A. Loebenstien, N. N. V.
Ensign C. II. Ritchie
Ensign Carlyle Craig
Midn. H. F. Conneill
Ensign H. H. Gill, N. N. V.
Ensign R. . Shively, N. N. V.
Ensign R, T. Haas, N. N. V.
Surgeon E. G. Parker
Asst. Surg. W. H. Bowman
Capt. H. C. Pierce, U. S. M. C.

Roster of Pacific Fleet Officers
South Dakota.

Captain L. A. Bostwick

Lieut. Com. L. H. Lacy

Lieut. E. D. Almy

Lieut. T. L. McCauley

Lieut. G. H. J-ett, N. X. V.

Ensign W. A. Corn

Ensign F. P. Thomas

Ensign G. K. Weber

Ensign E. W. Hoffman, N. N. V.

Ensign E. H. LeTourneau, N.N.V.

Ensign R. A. Mackey, N. N. V.

Asst. Surg. C. I. Wood

Asst. Pay. R. W. Swearingen

Lieut. Com. M. G. Cook
Lieut. Com. G. F. Blair, N. N. V.
Lieut. H. A. Jones
Lieut. Weddell Foss, N. N. V.
Lieut, (j.g.) H. F. Parmel-ee
Ensign J. M. Moss
Ensign F. G. Fabrion
Ensign Robert B. Mathews
Ensign J. C. Freeman Jr., N.N.V.
Ension H. M. Wakeman, N. N. V.
Ensign W. A. Me Adam. N. N. V.
Asst. Surer. B. L. Norden, N.N.V.

Complete Roster of the Crew of the Cruiser Pittsburg.

Aberle, Leo L.
Ackerman, Glenna A.
Adams, Alexander G.
Adams, Harry A.
Adams, Robert F.
Adams, William W.
Ad cock, Paul W.
Adkins. Nick W.
Agvr. Miles K.
A I faro, Juan
Algvr. Sam
Allen, Thomas' C.
Ament, Herbert K.
Ammon, Alfred B.
Amos. Leoncio
Anderegg, Dewey F.
Anderson, Elmer W.
A n< let-son, John M
Anderson, Mel van R.
Anderson. Ralph R.
Anderson, Rowland
Anderson, William
Andrews. Donald H.
Andrews .Jr., Edwin S.
Andrews. Joseph S.
Angkico, Leopoldo
Anglovic, John INI.
Applegate, Hubert F.
A rn old, Victor W.
Ar<_rule. William L.
Armstrong, James
Armstrong, Jay W.

Arnold. Earnest E.
Asercion, Delfin
Ashley, Frank E.
Atherton. Ralph
Aubrey. Jr., Harry P.
Avery, Samuel R.
Bagby, Georg-e F.
B'augett. Lucius T.
Raker, Forbes L.
Baker, Gordon L.
Baker, James L.
Baldwin, Leslie
Balingao, Mariano E.
Bares, Emite J.
Barnard, Jessie L.
Barner. Fred M.
Barnhart, William H.
Barnhouse, Edward B.
Barrett, Jason A.
Barrett, John W.
Barth-el, Joseph L.
Barton, Ubert S.
Basden, Bennie
Batcheler, John E.
Baxter, William O.
Bay, Ira M.
Beer, Warren J.
Bell. Thomas A.
Bell, Thomas J.
B'eltram. Fabian
Bennett, Jack
Berg, Louis A.

Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsburg

Berg'bower, Deo B.
Bergin, John V.
Berreth, Charley
Beye, Oral A.
Biggers, Earl G.
Billingsley, Claud H.
Bird, William J.
Birge, Lorenzo
Blrk, ' Everill R.
Bitonio, Macario
Bjerke, Henry
Blackett, Walter N.
Blumberg, Ewart G.
Blythe, Oscar T.
Boice, Wes
Boldman, Blanchard
Boldman, William
Boiling, Robert A.
Bond, Everett J.
Bond, Percy
Bonner, Thomas W.
Bonus, Baltazas
Boos, George O.
Bergman, Barnard
Bos well, Albert L.
Bower, Philip F.
Box, Horace
Boyce, Harry L.
Boyd, Aubrey A.
B'oyer, Raymond W.
Brackett, Charles A.
Brackett, Joe W.
Bradbury Herbert T.
Bradley, Benjamin P.
Bradley, Forrest F.
Brady, William F.
Brandt, Frank S.
Brandt, Willard H.
Brandt, Wilbert H.
Brannan, Roy
Bratton, Elijah A.
Bridges, Walter
Britton, Ira H.
Brock, William B.
Brockhausen, Chester
Brooks, Owen E.
Brown, Jack
Brown, James R.
Brown, John P.

Brown, Russell C.
Bruker, Francis H.
B'runner, Frank
Buce, Jack McK
Bulling'er, Fred O.
Bunce, Frank
Burns, Frank
Burns, John F.
Burro, Grigorio
Buster, Pearly E.
Butcher, Fred R.
Butler, Martin K.
Buzard, Alfred J. Jr.
B'yas, John F.
Byram, George C.
Bywaters, Branson B.
Cain, W T ill J.
Calamo, Charles A.
Caldron, Joseph
Caldwell, Robert
Campbell, Charlie W.
Campbell, John A.
Campbell, Roy
Cannon, Georg'e E.
Cannon. John M.
Cantrowith, Louis A.
Carey, Denis A.
Carley, Richard E.
Carlile, Herman J.
Carlton, Paul C.
Carpenter, Floyd A.
Carrigan, Chester J.
Carson, Albert E.
Carter, Fred J., Jr.
Case, Hugh F.
Casey, Guy
Casler, Joe
Cassel, Ned
Cates, Earl L.
Catlett, John M.
Caudell, Jess G.
Chadick, Alva G.
Chalk, William T.
Chamberlain, Reamer A.
Chambers, Robert J.
Charles. Herbert G.
Chenoweth, William
Cherry, John S.
Chervinski, Leonard M.

Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsbnrg

Cho, Bung H.
Cisko, Paul
Clarey, Roy A.
Clark, Anderson
Claassen, George D.
Cleland, George S.
demons, Stanford B.
Clyde, Ralph
Cochran, John
Cockrell, Alexander M.
Coffin, Henry S.
Cogdill, Richard E.
Coker, James W.
Colbert, Harry E.
Colby, Marcus W.
Coleman, Ray
Col em an, William J.
Coley, Webster
Comstock', Guy
Condon, George H.
Conger, Elias G.
Conklin, Grove B.
Conners, Harry C.
Conner, Leslie C.
Cook, Charles C.
Cook, Leary L.
Cooper, Harry D.
Copeland, Carey H.
Cordero, Rufino
Corner, Ivan W.
Coville, Tony M.
Cox, John O.
Cox, James F.
Crafton, Travis C.
Crain, Harold D.
Crane, David X.
Crawford, Everett B.
Cres'on, Clifford D.
Crow, Joseph
Crow, Riley T.
Crudo, Eugenio C.
Cruickshank, George
Cull, Francis J.
Cummings, Engram
Cummings. John W.
Cummmgs, Benjamin G.
Cundy, Gilbert DeA.
Curlee Joe E.
Currier, Roland L.

Daggett, Arthur B.
Dahl, Phillip H.
Dailey, Daniel J.
Dalglish, John F.
Dallimore, William F.
Daniel, Austin H.
Daniels, Anthony
Darr ? Albert R.
Davies, Guy L.
David, Juan
Davies, William A.
Davin, Camile E.
Davis, Allen
Davis, Charles- W.
Davis, Joseph S.
Davis, Leonard S.
Davis, Ovid E.
Dawson, John B.
Day, Arthur R.
Dean, Clyde H.
Decker, Marshall
De Lancey, Charles R.
Delaney, Joseph H.
Delliquadri, Dominick F.
Denike, Albert C.
Denniss, Otto F.
De Veuve, Donald
D-e Voe, Bernerd E.
Dexter, Parker H.
Diaz, Vicente E.
Diekerson, Joe M.
Dickerson!, Kendrick H.
Dixon, George W.
Dodds, Thomas
Dolan, Daniel
Doolittle, Clyde C.
Douglas, Horace
Dowell. Russell C.
Downing, Lyman H.
Downs, Russell V.
Downs, Von D.
Doyle, Arlington W.
Doyle, David E.
Dudley, Robert E.
Dudrow, Charles E.
Dugger, Raymond E.
Duncan, Albert G.
Dunlap, Burt C.
Dutcher, Lester A.

76 Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsbnr"

Duval, Franklin A.
Dyer, Samson
Eads, William D.
Easton, Donald Mac F.
Eckel, Frederick C.
Edens, Neil
Egbert, Delance E.
Ekard, Walter B.
Elliott, Clifford L.
Elliott, Floyd H.
Elliott, James. W.
Elliott, William W.
Ellis, Deward P.
Ellison, Walter W.
Eisner, Cloyde H.
Elwood, George H.
Embrey, Carl D.
Endicott, Harry B.
Erickson, Edgar W.
Ernst, John L.
Espy. Douglas B.
Estavillo, Thomas
Ethridg'e, Samuel R.
Fabun, Robert C.
Fang, Ah
Farmer, Gilbert J.
Farmer. George W.
Farris, Cero B.
Fe-ehan, Walter P.
Feith, John
Felt, Carl I.
Fenton, Lyell L.
Ferguson, George A.
Ferree, B.
Ferrer, Felix
Ferris, Allen H.
Finch, Pearl R.
Flenberg, Julius
Finley, John J.
Finucane, John W.
Fisher, Eugene B.
Fitzgerald, Paul D.
Flehman, Ernest
Flisher, Bryan
Foegley, Walter L.
Fontillas, Flaviano
Fotte, Arlie H.
Ford, Edward G.
Ford, Lee B.

Ford, Thomas M.
Foreich, John
Foster, Arthur
Foster, Walter E.
Frank, Cyrus E.
Franklin, William C.
Frazier, Jacob M., Jr.
Froman, Lauren G.
Frost, Warren T.
Fuson, William G.
Fyfe, Benjamin H.
Gadberry, William J.
Galvez, Alfredo
Gannon, James A. ,
Garcia, Leopoldo E.
Gardner, William E.
Garland, Thomas E.
Garmes, John
Garren, James L.
Garson. Frank B. H.
Genge, Everett R.
Gieser, Ralph H.
Gilbert Wilbur McC.
Gilchrist, Alexander
Giles, Elige M.
Gillett, Claude
Glick, Benjamin
Gloor, Howard F.
Golding, Frederick B.
Goldupp, Richard L.
Congtwer, Burr H.
Gonzales, Gandencio
Goodman, Jerome
Gordon, Ralph T.
Goree, Clinton F.
Gould, Frank L.
Gowan, Joseph H.
Graham, Raymond J.
Graves, Ora
Graves, Paul W.
Gray, William M.
Gray, William P.
Green, Newton A.
Greene, Ralph E.
Gregory, James G.
Griffin Henry E.
Griffin, Lester E.
Griffith, Hugh E.
Grindle, Monroe

Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsbnrg

Gronczeski, Roman J.
Haggood, Wayne L.
Halamuda, Ferdinand
Halbert, Glenn W.
Haley, Edward P.
Hall, Andrew F.
Hall, John W.
Hall. Roy A.
llalverson, John
Hamblin, Roy R.
Hamilton, William H.
Hand, Herbert C.
Harder, Salvador
Harding, Leo L.
Hardy man, Willis C.
Hargreaves. Thurlow E.
Harris. Frank C.
Hawley, Melvin A.
Haydon. Robert L.
I hi yes, Ernest McC.
TTazelbaker, Herschel F.
TIazell, Leland
Hefe, Roman
Hcim. Bart J.
Heitzenreder, Thomas F.
Hendrickson, Edward D.
TTencley, Alex
Henderson, Roy
Hi -nry. Ross E.
Herrmann, August J.
Hersekorn. Julius
llrrtert, George
Hickey, Jason
Hicks, Frank C.
Ilier. Edgar A.
Hill, Albert J.
Hill, Chester
Hill, Willie E.
Hill, William F.
Mill. William 0.
Hillyer, Marion D.
Hinds. Herbert II.
Ilivanada. Anastacio
Hocking. Harry H.
Hogan, Edward F.
Hoosier, Charley F.
TToran, Howard H.
Iloran. Walter F.
ITornecker, Helmuth

Horton, Homer J.
Hortsman, Herschel J.
Hosch, Delber C.
Howard, Robert M.
Hunt, John F.
Hurley, Forrest F.
Hyer, James E.
Ingram, Fredrick G.
Israel. Harry
Jackson, J. M.
James, Percy T.
Jelsch, Antone, Jr.
Jennette, John
Job-bins, Joseph S.
Johnson, Alexander L.
Johnson, Allen A.
Johnson. Earl
Johnson, Edward L.
Johnson, Irvin
Johnson, John G.
Johnson. Raymond
Johnson. Thomas L.
Johnston, John
Jones, Charles C.
Jones, Earl L.
Jones, Haddon C.
Jones, James P.
Jones, Ray S.
Jones, Holland F.
Jordan, Harry B.
Jordan, Howard V.
Jorgenson, Liland S.
Jube, Vicente
Jury. Walter E.
Kapy, Edward N.
Ka^hiwamura, Henry K.
Kates, William C.
Keaton, Thomas J. S.
Keck, Fred, Jr.
Kemp, John E. .
Kendrick, William H.
Kennedy, Virgil C.
Kershaw, James R.
Ketcham, Gerad H.
Keys, Wallace W.
Kiely, James
King, Glenn
King, Judson R.
King, William O.

Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsburg

Kin man, John D.
Kinney, Paul D.
Kleppinger, Albert C.
Knowles, Roy E.
Knowlton, Charles W.
Kolstad, Roy W.
Korp, Melvin L.
Krause, Edward W.
Kreh, Carl H.
Kretz. Frank X.
Kroll, Afton J.
Krueger, Charles J.
Krummes, Oscar S.
Kruszka, Frank J.
Kuava, Michael T.
Kunimatz, Matsuo
Kuthe, Charles A.
Kyle, James P.
LaFrance, Harry R.
Lamm. William J. B.
Lane, Angus MacD.
Lane, George V.
Langland, John A.
Larson, Louis A.
Latimer, Emerson
Latourelle, Henry P.
Lawrence, James A.
Lawson, Vernon T.
Leathers, George A.
LeBlanc, Leo C.
Ledbetter, Jesse H.
Leerskov, Calvin J.
Leidy, Floyd
Leighton, Albert J.
Leighton, Francis D.
Lennox, James
Leonard, Charlie L.
Lillegard, Elmer H.
Little, Elmer S.
Littrell, Andrew J.
Loggins, Reubin N.
Loh, Ah
Long, Edger H.
Long. Reginald B'.
Longwood, Charl-esi L.
Lorency, Joseph
Lott, Frank W.
Lotz, Lorin L.
Lowery, Jess

Lozier, Chester A.
Lundberg, John E.
Lycke, Adolph N.
Lynch, William, P.
MacLaehlan, Kenneth A.
Maghanoy, Anastacio
Magistrado, Valentin
Mahan, James J.
JVIahan, Levi
Maisonneuve, Albert L.
Maker, Harry A., Jr.
Malcolm, Roy A.
Mnnglona, Vicente
Marion, William V.
Marks, C. W.
Marschner, Henry 0. A.
Marsh, James B.
Martin, Clayton F.
Martin, Frank
Martin, James L.
Mason, Alfred F.
Mason, Peter
Masotes, Florencio
.Mathis, Lee
Maupin, Harold S.
Maxedoii, Arthur A.
Maxfield, Junius C.
Meadows, Bolton W.
Mcasell, Paul D.
M-fcdalla, Vicente
Mendoza, Benito
Merriam, Roy S.
Merritt, Harold S.
Meyer, Harry M.
Meyer, John M., Jr.
JNfeyer, Max H.
Meyer. Roland L.
Michcls, Joseph P.
Middlomiss. Foster B.
Middleton, Herbert G.
Leonard, James R.
Lentz, Earl A.
Lewis, James R.
Lewis, Millard F.
Lewis, Ralph E.
Lewis, Will L.
Millar, Robert H.
Mil ay a, Agripino
Miller, Carl A.

Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsbitrg 79

Miller, Chares W,
Miller, David
Miller, George E.
Miller, Jasper C.
Miller, John
Miller, Max R.
Miller, Tilman S.
Miller, William E.
Miller, Virgil H.
Mims, Benjamin F.
Minis, John E.
Mitchell, David R.
.Mitchell, Frank W.
Molitor, Peter
Moll, William B.
Monroe, David L.
Morton, James H.
Montoya, Moises
Moore, Francis O.
Moore, Ellis W.
Morgan. Charles E.
Moriarty, Daniel L
Moriarty, George J.
Morning, Frank W.
Morris, Benjamin E.
Morris, Jesse R.
Morrison, Louie H.
Morse, Richard G.
Morrison, Curtis F.
Mounter, Dick
Moiissier, Claud R.
Mueller, Edmund F. A.
Mulvihill, John J.
Minis. Harry
Miirchison. Hugh R.
.Murphy. Charles H.
Murphy. Herbert D.
Murphy, Patrick M.
Murphy, Thomas E.
Murray, John L.
Myers, Chester A.
M.-lieth, Ernest F.
McCaffrey, Edward L.
M,-r ; ,llick, Joseph T.
McCarter, Jesse B.
McCarter, Kellie
McCarthy, Rogers
MeClary, Donald B.
M<- Coll om, Oscar B.

McCormick, Frank H.
McCoy, Allison J.
McDaniel, Jack
McDaniel, Parker 0.
McDonnell. William P.
McEvers, Charles McK.
McFadden. W.
McGowen, Yancy A.
McKinney, Andrew S., Jr.
McMahan, John 0.
McMenamin, James R.
McNutt, Ira J.
Nance, George P.
Nelson, Andrew
Nelson, James E.
Nelson, James O.
Nelson, Vincent H.
Neuhaus, George
NVville, Edward W.
Newcomb. Elmo E.
Newton, Arthur T.
Newton. Harry C.
Nicholson, Harry A.
Niemi. John V.
Niemes, Charles L.
Nolen, John R.
Norris. Frank J.
Nothwang, Ludwig F.
Nyman, Harold W.
Oakley. Perry E.
Odell,*Loren'O.
Ogden, Roy N.
Ogden, Walter
O'Hara. Bennie L.
Olden, William
Olsen, James
Olszwski, Leo F.
Olvina, Amado
O'Reilly, Myron K.
Overhauser, Harry R.
Owens, John B.
Oyler. Walter C.
Padden, Robert H.
Page, Alec W.
Painter. Thomas G.
Paloma, Greg'orio
1'nrk, James G.
Parker. William D.
Parsons, Elmer E.

Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsburg

Paur, John J.
Peck, Francis H.
Peery, Wilbur F.
Peevey, Joe L,
Pemberton, Hugh W.
Peninger, William T.
Penny. Robert L.
Percifield, Arley
Perry, Oran
Perry. Willie L.
Peterman, William H.
Peters, Martin A.
Peterson, Henry A.
Peyton, Wesley G.
Pierce, Clarence S.
Pinkston, Harlie M.
Ponferrada, Julian
Porter. G-eorge
Posvar, Victor B.
Powell, Joseph C.
Prat ley, Henry H.
Preimer, Edward L.
Priest. Ray
Pringle, William E.
Pryor, Vinson
Purdy, Charles H.
Purk, Harry J.
Pyles, William McK.
Quinlan, Edward J.
Raber, John
Rabon, Ruben
Rader, Tilden E.
Raezler, August E.
Raroque, Joaquin
Rathbun, Lloyd M.
Ray. Walter '
Reasoner, Raymond L.
Reinpehl, Walter A.
Reischman, Lawrence
Renfro, Iss D.
Reniseth, Edward
Reyes, Leovigildo de los
Reyes, Roman
Reynold?', Cyril R.
Reynolds, John E.
Reynolds, Mark D.
Richardson, Eryl D.
Richardson, Jesse V.
Richmond, Edward L.

Richter, Otto W.
Rife, Robert F.
Ring, Albert
Ripley, Dow
Rivers, James
Roach, Charles A.
Roberson, Milton A.
Roberts, Thomas E.
Robertson, Bibb B.
Robinson, Alfred
Robinson, Dollin L.
Robison, Elmer E.
Rogers, Daniel T.
Rogers, Milton H.
Rogers, Rupert F.
Rojas, Conrado
Roll, William G.
Rome, George J.
Rooney, Fred H.
Rooney, James W.
Roon-ey, John
Rosa, Manuel C. J.
Rose, Edward A.
Rosenlind, John F.
Ross, Benjamin J.
Ross, Wasker
Rothenberg, Merle E.
Rowland, Otho II.
Rawling 1 , William D.
Russell, John T.
Russell, Robert W.
Ryan, Harry S.
Salla, Macario
Salomon, Doretio
Samson, Bernardino
Sanders, Edward
San Luis, Egmidio
Sargent, John M.
Sarin. Placido
Sawyer, Rudolph
Sayler, Alfie A.
Schellhous, Francis L.
Schmidt, Emil E.
Schmidt, Karl F.
Schneider, Alfred L.
Schneidewind, Walter
Schnorrenberg, Arthur A.
Schuler, Haynes G. B.
Schwand-er, August H.

Roster of Enlisted Men o'f'thc' U'/S. S. Pittsbiirg 81

Scroggin, James V.
Scroggins, Hollk A.
Self, Marion B.
Sexton, Thomas G.
Shacklett, Jesse G.
Sharp, Lynne H.
Sharrits, Ralph H.
Shellman, Arthur
Sheppard, Lee R.
Sherrill, Loren J.
Shirrel, William W.
Sidnam. Raymond E.
Simmons, R. E.
Simon, George J.
Simpson, Carl F.
Sinnock, James W.
Slater, Isaac H.
Sloan. Alpha F.
Sloan, Walter S.
Small, Ernest
Smith. J. D.
Smith. Charles H.
Smith, Clea viand H.
Smith, Earl O.
Smith. Gerald D.
Smith, John F.
Smith. John L.
Smith, Obert F.
Smith, Ralph R.
Smith. Thomas M., Jr.
Smith, Virgel
Smith, William M.
Snelling, Charles C.
Snider, Delber T.
Snyder, Don
Snyder, John L.
Sopher, Clyde
Sorells, Sam J.
Soronn, Pedro
Sparkman, Foster
Sparks, Troy W T .
Spaulding, Jasper
Spence, William S.
Sprasue, Richard L.
Sprigs, Hugh A.
Starr, Ronald D.
Stearns, Clyde S.
Stephens, James F.
Stephenson, Heber F.

Stevens, John E.
Stewart, LeRoy C.
Stewart, Oscar W.
Stewart, Ray E.
Stinson, Melvin N.
Stockett, Walter B.
Stockton, Farris E.
Stokes, Arthur W.
Stokes, Roy
Stoner, Richard S.
Storm, Frank S.
Stoy, August L.
Straube, Herman A.
Street, David P.
Styner, Warren A.
Sullivan, Florence I.
Swallow, George M.
Swasey, Henry
Swenson, Swen P.
Swinyer, William W.
Taggart, Lawrence G.
Tatum. John R.
Taylor, Larkin K.
Templeton, Carlos D.
Terry, John T.
Teschner, Dick T.
Teubner, Emest W.
Thcisen. William H.
Thienes, Earl E.
Thomas, Horace K.
Thomas, Marvin
Thomessen, Peder
Thompson, Arthur L.
Thompson. Clarence L.
Thompson, John L.
Thorlton, Andy L.
Thorp. Rowland C.
Tierney, John R.
Timmons, Dale
Todd, George W.
Toups, William J.
Tow, Ah
Towns, Leslie E.
Trammell, Charlie R
Troutman, Frederick D.
Tsrio-i. Jon
Tucker. Joe E.
Turner, Lloyd P.
Turnquist, Herbert E.

Roster of Enlisted' Men of the U. S. S. Pittsburg

Twining, Homer L.
Uchida, Segetsugue
Vanderlippe, Bertman
V'andiver, Archie L.
Van Dyke, Harry C.
Vanlderstine, Raymond H.
Vanderwhite, Leon B.
Velasco, Florencio
Venancio, Pereyra
Viala, Juan
Yillaciete, Enalalio
Vinsion, James M.
Vukich, Lawrence A.
Waldo, Walter E.
Waldrip, Sylvain
Walker, Earl
Wallace, William R.
Walls, Roy L.
Wandel, Peter S.
Ward, Clarence McC.
Ward, Jesse E.
Ward, Jesse M.
Waterman, Myron H.
Wathen, Harvey E.
Watson, Albert H.
Watson, Gwynne L.
Watts, John
Weaver, Jesse V.
Webb, John H.
Weber, John P.
Weddle, Claude W.
Weir, Ralph K.

Wells, Bert B.
Wentworth. Georg'e

Westmoreland, Henry S.

Whalen, Luke

White, John P.

Whitehead. Benjamin

Whitesell, Earl B.

Whiteside, Moss F.

Whittle, John

Wickholm, John F.

Wiest, George J.

Wilber, Ben
Wiley, John
Wilkerson, Vonner L.
Wilkin, James E.
Wilkinson, Edward W.
Willette. Wendell M.
Williams, R. A.
Williams, Edward J.
Williams, Edward L.
AVilliams, Glen E.
Williams, Jack M.
Williams, John L.
Williamson, Jasper N.
Wilson, Chester I.
Wilson, John
Wilson, John I.
Wilson, Walter 0.
Winn, Ernest C.
Winterscheidt, Paul C.
Wolf, Robert
Womack. James E.
Womack, Jr.. Sterling P.
Woodard, Fay E.
Woodill, George D.
Woodruff, Frank C.
Wood. William L.
Wood, George O.
Wood. John E.
Wood, Jasper G.
Worcester, John C.
Worrell, Morris F.
Wray, Clinton W.
Wr-ede, Ernest E.
Wright, George W.
Wribel, Leopold
Wyatt, Homer S.
Yates, Benjamin F.
Young, Alphonse E.
Young. Claudis D.
Yount, Ray H.
Zahrt, Leroy
Zies'che, Bruno

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