REESE LIBRARY 
 
 OF Tin-: 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 Accession N 
 
ON SOME POINTS 
 
 IN THE 
 
 RELIGIOUS OFFICE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITIES. 
 
PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. 
 AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 
 
ON SOME POINTS 
 
 IN THE 
 
 RELIGIOUS OFFICE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITIES. 
 
 BY 
 
 BROOKE FOSS WESTCOTT, D. D. 
 
 ll 
 
 REGIUS PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, 
 AND CANON OF PETERBOROUGH. 
 
 Honfcon: 
 MACMILLAN AND CO. 
 
 1873. 
 
 [All Rights reserved^ 
 
HNECOE AOKIMOI TPAnEZITAI. 
 
 7 6 2_2_ 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 THE Papers which are collected in this little 
 volume have been printed or reprinted at the 
 desire of friends to whose judgment I feel con- 
 strained to yield. There is, I trust, a distinct 
 unity of thought running through them, which 
 corresponds with a deep conviction of the 
 grandeur of the office of our ancient and religious 
 Universities at the present crisis of national 
 thought and life; and I should value no privilege 
 more highly than to be able to convey what I 
 feel on this subject to others, who may be able 
 to regard it more completely and from other 
 points of view. 
 
 One circumstance perhaps may lend a value 
 to the opinions which I have expressed to which 
 they could not otherwise lay claim. After a 
 
 separation from Cambridge, for almost twenty 
 w.s. a 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 years, I have been allowed to return to the intel- 
 lectual home which I had never ceased to 
 honour and love, and to take a part in the public 
 work of the place. It is therefore more easy for 
 me to estimate the real character of the changes 
 which have taken place during that eventful 
 period, than for those who have either watched 
 their realization on the spot through conflicts 
 and doubts, or now regard them only from a 
 distance. It would be mere affectation to pre- 
 tend that nothing has been lost which belonged 
 to the ideal fulness of our organization ; but it 
 would be utter faithlessness not to acknowledge 
 that enough is yet left at Cambridge to enable 
 the University to exercise the authority of a true 
 spiritual power more widely and more bene- 
 ficently than it has yet done. 
 
 In this broadest aspect the work at the Uni- 
 versity must always be twofold. On the one 
 hand, there is the work of independent research: 
 and on the other hand, there is the work of 
 general education. Neither of these works can 
 be neglected without a real national loss ; and 
 
PREFACE. Vli 
 
 neither of them can be conducted elsewhere 
 under the same salutary conditions as are im- 
 posed by the complexity, and by the traditions 
 of university life. At the Universities special 
 study is guarded on all sides from the perilous 
 temptation of degenerating into onesidedness and 
 arrogance by the free interchange of thought ; 
 and at the same time general education is 
 brought into close communion with manifold 
 forms of social life. 
 
 This latter fact is at present of primary 
 moment. It is easy to appreciate the impor- 
 tance of the labours of the philosopher or of the 
 scholar or of the physicist; and there is com- 
 paratively little danger as things are now that 
 they will be left without encouragement at the 
 Universities. There is more fear that the hum- 
 bler and less conspicuous work of the teachers 
 of average men should be underrated. It is no 
 doubt to be desired that the intellectual standard 
 for admission to the Universities should be 
 raised ; but even as it is I cannot but think that 
 the power of the Universities for good is nowhere 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 exercised more largely than through the mass of 
 graduates they can hardly be called students 
 who would themselves find it hard to explain the 
 subtle influences which have insensibly moulded 
 their habits of thought and action. 
 
 The Universities indeed are not only a casual 
 gathering of Masters and Scholars, they are 
 bodies rich with the inheritance of a life of cen- 
 turies. They sum up more completely perhaps 
 than any other institution, not even excepting our 
 National Church, all the past ; and all the past 
 is still energetic through them. This vital force 
 is constantly operative even if it be undefinable. 
 And though it may be quite impossible to de- 
 termine the precise effect which the Universities 
 have exercised upon the course of English 
 history, no one, I imagine, would refuse to regard 
 them as the most powerful instruments at all 
 times for creating a true understanding between 
 class and class, for deepening, that is, the con- 
 ception of a national life, one in its most extreme 
 multiformity. As the area from which univer- 
 sity students are drawn becomes wider, this 
 
PREFACE. IX 
 
 influence will become more effective. More new 
 elements will be brought within the action of 
 the old forces, and the resultant will approximate 
 more nearly to a representation of the highest 
 thought of the whole empire. 
 
 It would be easy to point out evils in the 
 present state of Cambridge. The multiplication 
 of the subjects of study and the multiplication 
 of examinations are real though perhaps un- 
 avoidable faults. The excessive importance 
 attached to the minutest results of particular 
 examinations is a greater and more urgent 
 danger. But those who are best able to deal 
 with these defects are most ready to do so. At 
 the same time the several Colleges are already 
 endowed with powers adequate for successful 
 .action. And as long as free scope is given for the 
 exercise of these internal, spontaneous forces, 
 the highest work of the University will remain 
 possible. But the interruption of the old vitality 
 by external pressure, the substitution of a ' sys- 
 tem of results/ that is of mere examination 
 tests, for a common life, the dispersion of the 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 corporate resources of the society, would destroy 
 the very conditions through which this work is 
 fulfilled. 
 
 Hitherto the changes which have been made 
 in the constitution of the Universities, even the 
 gravest, have been made in accordance with the 
 wishes of important sections of their members. 
 They have corresponded more or less with 
 a growth of feeling within the bodies them- 
 selves, which has served to maintain the conti- 
 nuity of academic life unbroken. And they 
 have been such that no one can consider them 
 without acknowledging that the Universities are 
 not backward in entertaining new ideas or slow 
 in giving them a place in their system. These 
 representative societies indeed are practically as 
 wide as the nation itself, both intellectually and 
 politically, and the public opinion which they 
 embody may well be trusted to indicate future 
 reforms when the hour shall come for them. 
 
 To mention one example only : at the pre- 
 sent time there is a wide-spread desire that the 
 Universities should contribute to the advance- 
 
PREFACE. XI 
 
 ment of higher education throughout the coun- 
 try in some other way than by receiving resident 
 students. The desire is an instinctive homage 
 to the Universities, which they on their part are 
 eager to satisfy. But this they can do only by 
 communicating to different centres the impulse 
 of their whole life. Their dismemberment or 
 the redistribution of their revenues would sim- 
 ply maim or destroy this life which is their true 
 endowment. Concentration and not dispersion 
 is the secret of their efficacy ; and the changes 
 which are required to increase to the utmost 
 their educational, as well as their scientific 
 power, must be made in this direction. 
 
 It may be frankly conceded that the Univer- 
 sities have often fallen short of that which has 
 been within their reach, but even so their success 
 in the fulfilment of their loftiest office is written 
 in the history of the English people. They 
 have at least in some degree brought together 
 and interpreted and reconciled at once the 
 studies and the thoughts of men, and men them- 
 selves. As the problems which spring out of the 
 
Xll PREFACE. 
 
 relations of science, and life, and history become 
 more pregnant with interest and more impe- 
 riously demand solution, the function of the 
 Universities, as bodies in which all the past is 
 brought into the closest connexion with all the 
 present, grows of more sovereign necessity. 
 With this prospect every one who loves them 
 will labour to preserve them in their completest 
 integrity, by shewing that every element in 
 their constitution is instinct with fruitful life. 
 And, to rise to the highest region of life and 
 thought, no student of Theology who has been 
 allowed to work at Cambridge in these later 
 days will refuse to acknowledge with gratitude 
 the increasing opportunities which are offered 
 there for realizing the power of that final syn- 
 thesis of thought and experience and faith, which 
 is slowly unfolded through the ages, and yet 
 summed up for us for ever in the Facts of our 
 Historic Creed. 
 
 B. F. W. 
 
 TRINITY COLLEGE, 
 March 8, 1873. 
 
I. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 TO RELIGIOUS LIFE AT HOME. 
 
 w. s. 
 
Preached before the University of Cambridge on 
 Advent Sunday \ 1872. 
 
I. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION TO 
 RELIGIOUS LIFE AT HOME. 
 
 H Hjuepa HffiKev. 
 
 The day is at hand. 
 
 ROM. xiii. 12. 
 
 YEAR by year this advent greeting of St Paul 
 comes to us with a clear revelation of the glories 
 of our Faith. It may be indeed that our fa- 
 miliarity with the words dulls our sense of the 
 promise which they contain. We look back 
 perhaps with a vague imagination to some past 
 change in which they found a partial fulfilment. 
 We look forward with a languid hope to some 
 future revolution in which they shall yet find 
 their absolute completion. But this is not to 
 exhaust their meaning. They are not for the past 
 only or for the future. They express the law of 
 
 I 2 
 
4 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 Christian life. Slowly as we are able to observe 
 it, and gradually as our eyes can bear the 
 growing splendour, the light is ever brightening 
 towards the perfect day. In times of quiet we 
 may be tempted to overlook the uniform pro- 
 gress : in times of storm we may be tempted to 
 mistake darkness for night; but as we regard 
 with wider vision the divine order of the world 
 we learn patience without losing hope. If the 
 fulfilment of the promise for which we once 
 looked seems to be withdrawn as we move 
 forward, the assurance that it will be fulfilled 
 that it is fulfilled grows deeper and more in- 
 spiring. 
 
 At the same time we cannot but see that in 
 the growth of Christendom there are times of 
 transition, times of sudden passage, as it were, 
 from darkness to light, from light to a fuller 
 sunshine, partial dawnings of a new day, in 
 which the Apostle's words have found inchoate 
 and yet lasting accomplishments. So it was in 
 St Paul's time: so it was at the fall of the old 
 Empire: so it was in the I3th century: so it was 
 
TO RELIGIOUS LIFE AT HOME. 5 
 
 at the period of the Reformation. At each of 
 these great crises heaven was opened to its 
 immeasurable depths, and Christ came to His 
 people, not indeed to establish their fancies but 
 to satisfy their wants. And if once again we 
 are called to live and work in the prospect of 
 another such coming of Christ, we believe that 
 as it has been so it will be now. If we feel the 
 cold and the gloom; if sad thoughts crowd round 
 us which seem to quench the light in which 
 our fathers walked; if strange shapes bar the 
 way and challenge the prerogatives of faith : then 
 we can take heart from the past victories of 
 Christianity. The light of the dawn is often 
 first seen on the summits of the western peaks ; 
 and it may be that as we look back we shall 
 catch glimpses of the new day in which those 
 who come after us will rejoice. 
 
 And for my own part I cannot doubt that 
 we do stand upon the threshold of a new age. 
 I cannot doubt that GOD in His great love is 
 waiting in this fulness of time to make known to 
 us something more of the inexhaustible mystery 
 
O THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 of the Incarnation. I cannot doubt that as before 
 the birth of the new order will be accomplished 
 in the midst of strife and distress and perplex- 
 ity, men's hearts failing them for fear. But none 
 the less I cannot doubt that we may hasten the 
 great issue for which we look; that we may 
 lighten the trial through which we have to pass ; 
 that we may avert some dangers and anticipate 
 some blessings, if with open eyes and open 
 hearts and a faith in the presence of the Holy 
 Spirit we try to read what lies before us. 
 
 The lesson is enforced in many ways. To 
 whichever side we turn we can see signs of the 
 coming change. Step by step that vast silent 
 continent, which has always been a name of mys- 
 tery, is yielding up its secrets, and Africa is com- 
 ing permanently within the influence of civilized 
 powers. In India a people, before whose vener- 
 able antiquity our western kingdoms are but of 
 yesterday, is moved as it has never been moved 
 before with eager strivings for purity and wisdom. 
 The first and the last of nations are seen by us to 
 be waiting for that which cannot be far from 
 
TO RELIGIOUS LIFE AT HOME. 7 
 
 them, if we fulfil our work. The mists in which 
 they are folded may be thick, but to the eye of 
 faith they are already breaking. 
 
 Nor is it otherwise if we look at Christendom. 
 I have no wish to read my own opinions in the 
 dark words of prophecy, or to sit in judgment 
 upon Churches. It may be impossible for us 
 now to foresee to what end the revolutions 
 which within the last three years have changed 
 the face of Europe will be guided. But we 
 dare not forget them ; and if we wish to keep a 
 living trust in GOD we cannot believe that their 
 present results are permanent. The tyranny of 
 authority in opinion, the tyranny of force in life, 
 may not yet have actually reached ourselves, 
 but it would be irrational even if it were not 
 unchristian to rest content with the imaginary 
 heritage of selfish security. If we know that our 
 faith was designed to bring into unity the free 
 and independent action of every part of our 
 nature; if we know that it was designed to 
 consecrate by an eternal sympathy the various 
 elements of the commonwealth: we must be 
 
8 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 prepared to vindicate the Truth. There is some- 
 thing to pray for and something to work for. 
 We cannot accept as final alternatives for man 
 abject superstition or open unbelief, despotism 
 or anarchy. 
 
 It is impossible not to touch upon these dis- 
 tant symptoms of the coming struggle, but our 
 own duty in dealing with them finds its fulfil- 
 ment through the circumstances of our own 
 country. And nowhere else shall we find clearer 
 voices of warning and encouragement. The pro- 
 mise moves beside the peril. But for the most 
 part, if we dare steadily to look forward, our 
 fears are stronger than our hopes ; and if I con- 
 fidently point to the coming day I would not 
 disguise the clouds which encompass its birth. 
 Our perils indeed are obvious. Materially there 
 is the concentration of wealth in fewer and 
 fewer hands, while at the same time men are 
 treated more and more as equal units in a sum 
 total. Intellectually there is the hasty and 
 restless striving to fashion a system of the uni- 
 verse by the extension of one method to all 
 
RELIGIOUS LIFE AT HOME. 
 
 things. Spiritually there is the separation of 
 thought from action, of philosophy from life, 
 which ends in the substitution of a sentiment or 
 a doctrine for religion. In other words we are 
 threatened by the supremacy of a false standard 
 which destroys the conception of order : by a 
 false unity which destroys the conception of 
 creation : by a false worship which destroys the 
 conception of sin. 
 
 But on the other hand the thoughts which 
 are quickened by the contemplation of these 
 dangers, and by the endeavour to understand 
 the causes out of which they spring, stir in us 
 those aspirations through which wisdom comes; 
 and, unless I am mistaken, we are already 
 gaining livelier, fuller, deeper views of our Chris- 
 tian Faith than have been hitherto revealed. 
 They may be vague, but at least they are full of 
 light. Never before have men been brought so 
 near to the practical confession of the solidarity 
 of life as they are now brought : never before 
 have they been so firmly possessed by the sense 
 of the ultimate cohesion of all that is unrolled 
 
10 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 in long succession through the slow experience 
 of men: never before has it been possible for 
 others to feel as we can now feel, what is in- 
 cluded in the communing of the individual soul 
 with GOD. And these are Truths which are 
 offered to us in the one central Fact of our 
 Faith, which again we are preparing to celebrate. 
 These are Truths able to train, to ennoble, to 
 transfigure our actions, our thoughts, ourselves, 
 in that more present kingdom of GOD towards 
 which we look. These are Truths which self- 
 restraint, simplicity and largeness of heart, 
 warmth and tenderness of spiritual life can 
 reveal and illustrate. These are Truths, to 
 speak shortly, which the discipline, the studies, 
 the friendships of our University seem to be 
 fitted to create and to develope. 
 
 This last reflection is that which I wish to 
 commend to you. The fewest words will suffice; 
 for I ask you all to be my interpreters, each in 
 his own heart. 
 
 I. It is needless then to dwell on the 
 growing evils of the excessive concentration of 
 
TO RELIGIOUS LIFE AT HOME. II 
 
 wealth. They spread far beyond the circle in 
 which they arise. The very poorest are apt 
 scholars in selfishness and self-indulgence. And 
 I do not think it possible that the present state 
 of things, by which the rich grow ever richer, and 
 the poor ever poorer, and the mass of men 
 surrender themselves to an imitative luxury, 
 should continue long. We may sadly or wilfully 
 shut our eyes to the terrible contrasts of life, 
 but they are among us and they are active. 
 And if we love our country, if we believe, as I 
 do believe, that Englishmen are generous, and 
 self-denying, and compassionate; if we find the 
 spring of our own hope in the Gospel of the 
 poor: shall we wait to be roused by some 
 wild cry of numbers before we organize the 
 ministry of love? Nay rather, I will trust that 
 the younger among us may have the grace and 
 the courage to use the opportunities and in- 
 fluences of this place as a training for their 
 after work. Here at least we have glimpses of 
 a lofty life, which is not dependent for its 
 fulness on the accidents of social distinctions. 
 
12 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 Here poverty is no reproach, and riches bring 
 no title to superiority. In one way or other self- 
 restraint, effort, hardness are familiar to us. It 
 is true that, even in our body, luxury and 
 display, poor affectations of a premature world- 
 liness, have found an entrance. But if the old 
 spirit of Cambridge is still present and ener- 
 getic, these vices cannot either last or spread. 
 There must be many eager for better things; 
 and it is not too much to hope that there may 
 be fashioned in us, by a little combination and 
 a little boldness, the type of a simpler life, 
 sterner and still tenderer than we have yet 
 known, in which men shall learn not to shrink 
 from the responsibility of command, nor under- 
 rate the nobility of service; in which laymen 
 and priests shall be joined in the fulfilment 
 of one supreme work ; in which the consecration 
 of the cross shall rest upon labour and upon 
 pleasure; in which the words f in Christ ' shall 
 be the bond of fellowship and the fountain of 
 strength. Such a life, organized and spread, 
 would carry with it the solution of our social 
 
TO RELIGIOUS LIFE AT HOME. 13 
 
 problems. Such a life answers to the true con- 
 ditions of our life here. Here lie together in the 
 richest profusion all the elements out of which it 
 can be constructed; and here is that freshness 
 of enthusiasm which is able to fuse and to ani- 
 mate them at the inspiration of faith. 
 
 2. In this way our University has a social 
 office to discharge in preparation for the future. 
 Its intellectual office is even more unmistakable. 
 Thought soon passes into life, and the character 
 of the coming age can be seen already in the 
 modes of investigation which are shaping it. 
 The last creative movement in Europe was the 
 restoration of learning: out of that grew the 
 Reformation. The method and the results of 
 physical science which are ushering in the fresh 
 crisis, are not likely to be less operative than the 
 study of Plato. But we have the warnings and 
 the encouragements of the i6th century to look 
 back upon. And if our Universities contributed 
 then to reconcile, at least in England, continuity 
 with change, to preserve and to reveal the essential 
 form of the one Faith which clothes itself in 
 
14 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 many shapes, to vindicate for the old a place 
 beside the new, to keep men's thoughts and 
 sympathies at their highest and widest: so it 
 may be now. We all remember how the study 
 of Greek was discouraged and denounced: how 
 the extravagance of its professors gave colour to 
 the suspicion of its opponents: how for a time 
 it seemed as if a flood of philosophic heathenism 
 would overwhelm the West. But we remember 
 also that these evils were partial and transient : 
 we remember that Christianity, studied in the 
 very words of Apostles, illuminated by ancient 
 wisdom, placed in its due position to the order 
 of the whole discipline of the world, has been 
 since seen in the fulness of a majesty which was 
 before unimaginable. And all this is a parable. 
 We may be amazed and grieved at the haste 
 and one-sidedness and intolerance of many popu- 
 lar teachers of physics: we may sympathize with 
 the alarm of those who confound the facts of the 
 science with the opinions of the student. But 
 if we are touched by the spirit of this place, we 
 shall be lifted up to a region above all personal 
 
TO RELIGIOUS LIFE AT HOME. 15 
 
 conflicts or interests. All Truth is ours ; and we 
 are Christ's. For him who believes in the Incar- 
 nation, it is not too much to say, that wherever 
 something more is made known of the processes 
 whereby GOD works in Nature, something more 
 of the dependence of man on man, something 
 more of the unity of our whole being, there, 
 whether in contention or in sincerity, in igno- 
 rance or in knowledge, Christ is preached; and 
 such a one rejoices as he looks onward beyond 
 the storm and tumult rejoices in the wider 
 vision which he gains of the infinite perfection 
 of the divine plan rejoices in the closer sense 
 which he realizes of his fellowship with the 
 Saviour in Whom he lives. 
 
 3. No one will question the power of Uni- 
 versity studies to guide men to this large and 
 firm faith. No one will question that Theology 
 is now called to bring within its scope new 
 thoughts and modes of thinking which have not 
 yet been coordinated with the Faith. No one 
 no one at least who takes the trouble to ponder 
 them can question that the facts of Christianity 
 
1 6 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 do deal by anticipation with the last results of 
 speculation. But it is not so obvious how our 
 students can be armed here against the third 
 danger of which I spoke. It might appear that 
 the very grandeur and vastness of the views of 
 life opened to them would bring the temptation 
 to linger over these, and turn them from 
 the examination of their own hearts. The 
 danger, I admit, is real; but in this case the 
 character of early manhood comes to our help. 
 Never, I think, is the consciousness of weakness 
 and sin stronger than at that time. Aspirations 
 are then as yet too fresh to have lost their 
 charm; failures are not so overwhelming as to 
 have checked endeavour. The young feel keenly 
 what they might have done, and what they have 
 done; but the contrast lifts them out of them- 
 selves. As years go on, we aim at less, we 
 expect less. "We learn to acquiesce in a lower 
 standard: we grow content with poorer achieve- 
 ment. Our work, our inclinations, the vicissi- 
 tudes of life isolate and narrow us. There is no 
 succession to the old friendships. There is no 
 
TO RELIGIOUS LIFE AT HOME. I/ 
 
 return of the old communings of fresh resolve. 
 But as long as youth is left us even in failure 
 the confession of great thoughts seems to be 
 natural. There is still an intensity of life which 
 moves us, even through defeat, to lofty designs. 
 The complete sacrifice of all we are and all we 
 have continues to be possible, I had almost said 
 easy. Many of us, as we look back to the time, 
 my younger friends, when we occupied your 
 places, see in that the source of all that we have 
 been able to do, and the promise of much that 
 we have left undone. But to you the promise 
 assures, as we trust, a worthier accomplishment. 
 And if there is any force in circumstances to 
 nerve for action, the magnitude of the crisis 
 at which you are called to take your part in 
 the actual fashioning of the future must bring 
 out every power. Events move now with a 
 rapidity which will give no time for prepara- 
 tion when you have once taken the field. The 
 thoughts of yesterday seem old to-day, and to- 
 morrow they will be taken up into some wider 
 view. But amidst all the shakings of society, 
 w. s. 
 
1 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 amidst all the revolutions of thought, our Advent 
 message remains sure sure in the completeness 
 of its one perfect accomplishment, sure in the 
 hope of each successive manifestation of its 
 power: the day is at hand. 
 
 Strive then, by the strength of that Faith, so 
 to live, that you may be able, when you leave 
 us, to shew to the poor a type of life, pure and 
 lofty, which does not depend upon mere abun- 
 dance. 
 
 Strive to keep open every avenue of truth 
 without fear and without suspicion, as knowing 
 that all partial truths will deepen and illuminate 
 your knowledge of Him who is the Truth. 
 
 Strive to preserve clear and effectual, even 
 when your imagination travels most widely, the 
 sense of your own personal relationship to GOD 
 in Christ. 
 
 This, it seems to me, our common life will 
 enable you to do; and as you so strive you will 
 bring nearer the dawn of that brighter day for 
 which we are waiting and which this season 
 promises. 
 
TO RELIGIOUS LIFE AT HOME. 19 
 
 No nation, no church, if I can interpret the 
 past, was ever called to fulfil a greater work 
 than that to which the English nation and the 
 English Church are now summoned. There 
 are indeed divisions, distractions, jealousies 
 among us: there is impatience and uncertainty: 
 there is a natural clinging to the old which is 
 passing away: there is an instinctive fear of the 
 new which is not yet fully known. But all these 
 movements and misgivings are the restlessness 
 of half-awakened life. We can bear them be- 
 cause we know what they portend. The Spirit 
 of Christ is with us ; and His promise leads us 
 on, so that we can comfort one another still 
 when the gloom is heaviest with the apostle's 
 words : the day is at hand. 
 
 TJie day is at hand. That is the watchword 
 of our preparation. We must be inspired with a 
 real sense of the grandeur of the cause for which 
 we work. It is not sufficient that we should 
 note the course of events and meet changed 
 circumstances by improvised expedients. We 
 must labour from the first to gain a clear per- 
 
 2 2 
 
20 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELA TION 
 
 ception of the end towards which we are moving. 
 We must know no rest till our Faith is em- 
 bodied in our conceptions of national and re- 
 ligious policy. So shall we gain energy for our 
 little labours by the vision of the magnificent 
 issue to which they contribute. 
 
 The day is at hand. That is the confidence 
 of our labours. It is not that we are receding 
 hour by hour farther and farther from the light. 
 It is not that the evening will close for ever over 
 an unaccomplished task. We know and live as 
 knowing that an age of fuller glory is coming 
 to the world. Nations rise and fall, but the 
 brightness of our Faith grows by an unchanging 
 law. Every scattered ray in which we rejoice 
 will go to increase the splendour that shall be. 
 Perhaps we shall not see the mode of trans- 
 figurement, but we are sure that there can never 
 be one lost truth. 
 
 The day is at hand. That is the discipline of 
 our lives. The light of the day is the manifesta- 
 tion of the Lord. And that manifestation to each 
 one of us, as to the world, is made in fire, which 
 
TO RELIGIOUS LIFE AT HOME. 21 
 
 will consume all that is unable to bear the 
 divine presence. If then we are severally without 
 Christ the prospect of that day is intolerable. 
 But if we are in Him, this thought itself, even 
 in the sharpness of 'keen and subtle pain/ 
 is the assurance that we shall be made like 
 Him: if we are in Him we can offer our work to 
 His chastening love, as knowing that He will 
 purify and save both us and it: if we are in Him 
 we can bear cheerfully the cold mists which go 
 before the dawn: if we are in Him we can wait 
 without impatience, and rest in the certainty 
 that His will finds its fulfilment. Conscious of 
 our own failures, saddened by evils with which 
 we cannot cope, perplexed by uncertainties 
 which we cannot resolve, we shall repeat one to 
 another, with a faith which reaches from the 
 fortunes of a universe to the destiny of a single 
 soul, the burden of our Advent message : the day 
 is at hand. 
 
 Lord, in Thy light shall we see light. 
 
II. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 TO MISSIONARY WORK. 
 
Preached before the University of Cambridge on the 
 Second Sunday in Advent ', 1872. 
 
THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 TO MISSIONARY WORK. 
 
 en aura) e'GvH eAniouaiv. 
 
 In him shall the Gentiles trust. 
 
 ROM. xv. 12. 
 
 LAST Sunday I endeavoured to indicate some 
 of the ways in which the conditions and powers of 
 our life here may be made to contribute towards 
 the solution of the social, intellectual and religious 
 problems which even now disclose to us the pro- 
 spect of a new age of the Church. I endea- 
 voured to shew that, without indulging in any 
 visionary schemes, we may look for the esta- 
 blishment of a simpler type of life among us 
 which shall open the way to a permanent ad- 
 justment of the duties and the rights of wealth 
 and labour. I endeavoured to shew that we 
 
20 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 must be faithless to the spirit of our studies 
 no less than to the spirit of the Bible if we 
 do not eagerly, and yet with watchful patience, 
 gather within the domain of Faith every frag-, 
 ment of true knowledge. I endeavoured to 
 shew that the freshness and tenderness of the 
 first enthusiasm of devotion offer to our society 
 the substantial promise of that Christian heroism, 
 which, as it has been victorious in every crisis 
 hitherto, cannot fail us in this latest trial to 
 which the Church is summoned. Such reflections 
 may seem to be general and vague; but the 
 broadest view of our position is not seldom that 
 which is also the most practical. When we look 
 inwards on self we are apt to see nothing else : 
 when we look outwards on the whole revelation 
 which GOD has been pleased to make, self is 
 transfigured into a part of a grander unity. 
 
 To-day, however, I wish to narrow the range 
 of our thoughts. I wish to direct your attention 
 to one section of that magnificent work which 
 lies before the English people and the English 
 Church: and of this to that one aspect only 
 
TO MISSIONARY WORK. 
 
 which belongs peculiarly to ourselves. I wish 
 to suggest to you some considerations on mis- 
 sionary work in connexion with university work ; 
 to point out, as I may, how we can with GOD'S 
 blessing supply something which is yet wanting 
 in the teaching of the nations ; how we can offer 
 of the ripest fruits of our labours that which may 
 become the seed of a distant harvest. 
 
 The subject is one which is brought very 
 solemnly before us during this Advent season. 
 The urgency and the certainty of a vast want 
 have constrained us to combine in the sacrifice 
 of a common supplication. An effort of charity 
 has helped us to realize a unity deeper than 
 our differences. And in this way we may be 
 led to hasten the accomplishment of that for 
 which, as I believe, a world is waiting. We are 
 all familiar with the commonplaces on English 
 dominion, and commerce, and energy. But the 
 facts which they express are symptoms only and 
 signs of that which may be. If we interpret 
 them aright, they point to the possibilities of a 
 spiritual office of the nation as yet unfulfilled. 
 
28 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 It may be that times of disaster and loss will 
 be required to dissipate the crushing weight of 
 mere material prosperity, before we can enter 
 upon our higher apostleship. It may be that 
 our accumulated wealth and power will be con- 
 secrated as instruments of divine service. The 
 future alone can shew what discipline will make 
 our ministry efficient. But this at least is sure, 
 and this may supply the inspiration of our lives, 
 that by our history, by our constitution, by our 
 catholicity, GOD has fitted us as a people and 
 as a church to be the missionaries of the world, 
 to be the interpreters of the East to the West, 
 and of the West to the East, to be the witnesses 
 and heralds of truth recognized as manifold. 
 
 It is unnecessary for me to indicate here the 
 grounds on which this conclusion rests. They 
 lie open in our annals. And if our endowments 
 are unquestionable, it seems to be no less cer- 
 tain that the proper time has come for employ- 
 ing them. The shaking of the Eastern peoples 
 is, as we believe, the prelude to their offerings of 
 devotion. The rapid spread of the Brahmo- 
 
TO MISSIONARY WORK. 29 
 
 Somaj, the energy of the Mohammedan revival, 
 shew that the strivings after the knowledge 
 and the service of GOD are growing intenser in 
 strange religions. And the fault must be ours 
 if any who will to do the will of GOD, who 
 contend passionately for a closer relationship 
 with Him, who long to transfigure their life 
 by their belief, do not find in the Gospel of the 
 Incarnate Word the satisfaction of their long- 
 ing, the realization of their hope. The sentence 
 stands written for our abiding comfort : In Him 
 shall the Gentiles trust. 
 
 How then can the Universities, how can 
 Cambridge, take a due part in that which as a 
 people we have to do ? 
 
 It would be unnatural for any one who has 
 been allowed to work with the help of every 
 appliance and every encouragement, to say one 
 word which might appear to detract from the 
 honour of those who have entered on untried 
 fields; who have willingly offered, often alone and 
 unsupported, all t'hey were and all they had, for 
 the cause which they had undertaken. Still the 
 
30 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 experience and the difficulties of these apostolic 
 pioneers of faith enable us, who look on their 
 labour from a distance, to draw some lessons for 
 the future from their delays and disappoint- 
 ments; and if we can profit even by their 
 failures, they will not have toiled to no purpose. 
 For it may be doubted whether life has any 
 greater reward than this, that we should know 
 that those who come after us will find the path 
 of truth a little more plain, the rule of action 
 a little less tangled, than we ourselves have found 
 it. The men who made that living way on the 
 breach at Badajos did not die in vain. 
 
 From this point of view we may without 
 ingratitude notice some defects in our mission- 
 ary work which academic cooperation would 
 tend to remove. There is need in it, as I am 
 forced to think, of a clearer understanding of 
 the old faiths, and of a livelier sympathy with 
 the peculiar religious instincts to which they 
 correspond. There is need of a more distinct 
 apprehension of the social power of Christianity. 
 There is need of a more systematic effort to 
 
TO MISSIONARY WORK. 31 
 
 evoke rather than to mould native pastorates. 
 In all these respects, I cannot but believe that 
 the Universities are able to take a characteristic 
 share in foreign evangelization. And those who 
 love Cambridge best those who feel with the 
 most thankful confidence that power has been 
 entrusted to her to meet the religious wants of 
 our own age must be ready to labour that her 
 peculiar influence may reach throughout our em- 
 pire. Something will be gained if each solitary 
 minister of Christ on the outskirts of civilization 
 may be sure that he can command all the re- 
 sources of counsel and knowledge which belong 
 to this great Christian body. 
 
 I. Our missionary teaching hitherto has 
 been, I say, for the most part too defined and 
 traditional. We have inherited a priceless trea- 
 sure of elaborated doctrine, which represents 
 the experience, the thought, the character of the 
 West. We feel, more or less 'distinctly, how 
 every detail of it is a pledge that Christianity 
 answers to our special wants. We know that it 
 has grown with our growth, even if \ve are 
 
32 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 tempted to overlook the present energy of the 
 Divine Spirit by Whom it has been shaped. 
 Our first impulse therefore is to offer exactly 
 that which corresponds with our own position to 
 men who are wholly different from us in history, 
 in faculties, in circumstances of life. But in so 
 doing we really contend, as far as lies in us, to 
 impoverish the resources of humanity. We do 
 dishonour to the infinite fulness of the Gospel. 
 We forget that the value of words changes ac- 
 cording to the conditions under which they are 
 used; that the proportionate value of doctrines, 
 if I may so speak, varies with the vicissitudes of 
 the spiritual state ; that our common manhood, 
 which Christ redeemed, presents only in sepa- 
 rate parts the whole richness of its capacities 
 and wealth ; that our essential Creed is a creed 
 of facts which speak at once in the fulness 
 of life to every form of life. The different 
 characteristics of Greek and Latin and Teutonic 
 Christianity are a commonplace with theological 
 students; and can we doubt that India, the 
 living epitome of the races, the revolutions, and 
 
TO MISSIONARY WORK. 33 
 
 the creeds of the East, is capable of adding 
 some new element to the completer apprehen- 
 sion of the Faith? Can we doubt that the 
 intellectual and spiritual sympathies of its lead- 
 ing peoples are with Syria and Greece, rather 
 than with Rome and Germany ; that they will 
 move with greater freedom and greater power 
 along the lines traced out by Origen and Atha- 
 nasius, than along those of Augustine and 
 Anselm, which we have followed? Orientals, 
 in a word, must be guided backwards, that their 
 progress may be more sure and more fruitful. 
 If we could establish the loftiest type of western 
 Christianity in India, as the paramount religion, 
 and it is, I believe, wholly impossible to do 
 so, our triumph would be in the end a loss 
 to Christendom. We should lose the very 
 lessons, which in the providence of GOD India 
 has to teach us. We should lose the assurance 
 of true victory which comes from the preserva- 
 tion and development of every power in the 
 new citizens of the kingdom of Christ. We 
 should lose the integrity, the vitality, the infinity 
 w. 3 
 
34 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 of our faith, in the proud assertion of our own 
 supremacy. 
 
 If then England is to aim at this highest 
 form of mission-work, this dynamical realization, 
 so to speak, of the hope of the- nations, the 
 Universities can fairly claim the privilege of 
 directing the effort. Here we are bound to co- 
 ordinate all the methods and results of know- 
 ledge. We are bound to study the course of reve- 
 lation in its manifold stages, and to place each 
 fresh gift of GOD in its due relation to those who 
 received it. To us theology appears of neces- 
 sity as the crown of all the sciences, the one 
 light which animates them with one life. To us 
 the Incarnation, the Passion, the Resurrection 
 of Christ, naturally appear in connexion with 
 the aspirations, the bold guesses, the pathetic 
 confessions of every age. What more is needed ? 
 We have among us teachers ready to con- 
 tribute their manifold experience. We have 
 students fitted to embody in a thousand differ- 
 ent ways the great fact that the missionary 
 work is the communication of a life and not of 
 
TO MISSIONARY WORK. 35 
 
 a system. We look round, and the prayer of 
 the Psalmist becomes our own: 'O Lord, how 
 long?... Let Thy work appear unto Thy servants, 
 and Thy glory unto their children! 
 
 2. But again our missionary teaching has 
 been too individual. It has been generally iso- 
 lated in its range and in its application. Yet 
 Christianity, like man himself, is essentially 
 social. We are charged to proclaim a kingdom 
 and not a philosophic creed: not Truth in the 
 abstract, but Truth in Jesus ; Truth realized in 
 Him, who is indeed man no less than GOD. 
 Our message ought to go forth from a society, 
 and call men to a society. Wherever an 
 English community exists, there is a true mis- 
 sionary power for good or for evil. From this, 
 and through this, access is opened, not to on?e 
 class only, but to all. The complete embodi- 
 ment of the Christian life offers a vantage ground 
 for the employ of every gift in the divine service. 
 A representative Church, strong with a mature 
 life, is able to shelter without overpowering the 
 young Church which grows up about it The 
 
 32 
 
36 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 principle holds good everywhere ; but in India, 
 where religion and life are one, our hope of 
 permanent evangelization must lie in offering 
 Christianity in that form in which it can cope 
 with the deepest evils of the State. The Church 
 alone can overcome caste, by substituting the 
 idea of divine brotherhood for the isolation of 
 supposed spiritual descent: the reality for the 
 counterfeit. Overpowering as the task may 
 seem, it ought to be faced. We must conquer 
 India by meeting, and not by shunning, that 
 which is strongest in it. 
 
 The question has an ecclesiastical significance 
 of which I do not now speak. At present I am 
 concerned only with the social power of the 
 Christian organization; and in this respect the 
 power of our common life here may do far more 
 for missionary enterprise than it has yet done. 
 Let the great questions of colonial life once take 
 their place among us; let them be considered 
 fairly in the light of our faith; let it become 
 habitual to us to regard all the interests and all 
 the charges of duty as converging to one end; 
 
TO MISSIONARY WORK. 
 
 and our missionaries will find that they have 
 allies among our sons more powerful than them- 
 selves. Our faith will be seen everywhere to be 
 a life, and not a system a life embracing every 
 product of thought, and quickening every form 
 of social existence. This is, no doubt, a very 
 lofty and comprehensive ideal of missionary 
 work, but it is one which ought to be kept 
 resolutely in view. There is a constant tempta- 
 tion, which we all feel in one way or other, to 
 avoid the hardest forms of the problems which 
 are offered to us. We are always looking for 
 docile hearers and for direct influence. After 
 a first disappointment we are inclined to stig- 
 matize as pride what may be after all the stern 
 self-distrust of a sad heart. There is need of 
 something more than the personal message of 
 the individual preacher. And even when move- 
 ment seems to be slowest the power of Christ 
 embodied in His Church will bring patience 
 and sustain strength. 
 
 3. Hitherto, so far as I know and this is 
 my third point our missionary teaching has 
 
3$ THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 failed also in this : it has been not only secondary 
 and individual, it has been also denationalizing. 
 It is very difficult for us to appreciate the over- 
 powering effect of a dominant class in enforc- 
 ing their own beliefs. It is even more difficult 
 to apprehend the relative shape which these 
 beliefs assume in the minds of alien races. If 
 then, as I have said, we are ourselves in due 
 time to draw from India to speak only of that 
 empire which GOD has committed to our charge 
 fresh instruction in the mysteries of the divine 
 counsels ; if we are to contribute to the establish- 
 ment of an organisation of the Faith which shall 
 preserve and not destroy all that is precious 
 in the past experience of the native peoples; 
 if we are to proclaim in its fulness a Gospel 
 which is universal and not western ; we must 
 keep ourselves and our modes of thought studi- 
 ously in the background. We must aim at 
 something far greater than collecting scattered 
 congregations round English clergy who may 
 reflect to our eye faint and imperfect images 
 of ourselves. We must watch carefully lest 
 
TO MISSIONARY WORK. 39 
 
 Christianity should be regarded simply as the 
 religion of the stronger or the wiser. We must 
 take to heart the lessons of the first age, lest 
 we unconsciously repeat the fatal mistake of the 
 early Judaizers, and offer as permanent that 
 which is accidental and transitory. We must 
 adopt every mode of influence which can be 
 hallowed to the service of the Faith the asceti- 
 cism the endurance the learning which are 
 indigenous to the country. We must follow the 
 religious instincts and satisfy the religious wants 
 of Hindu and Mohammedan through the experi- 
 ence of men from among themselves. We can 
 in some degree, as the Spirit helps us, teach 
 the teachers, but we cannot teach the people. 
 The hope of a Christian India lies in the gather- 
 ing together of men who shall be, to quote the 
 words of a native journal, "as thoroughly Hindu 
 as they are Christian, and more intensely na- 
 tional than those who are not Christian." The 
 schools through which they shall be trained 
 may be inspired by learning, like that of 
 Clement, or by labour and discipline, like that 
 
40 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELA TION 
 
 of Benedict, but they must be such as to bring 
 the Faith into living harmony with the charac- 
 teristics of the race. And if the Universities 
 can, as I have tried to shew, contribute to the 
 efficiency of missionaries by making the results 
 of wide and ripe study bear upon the methods 
 and the substance of missionary teaching if they 
 can reinforce the ranks of our true evangelists 
 by bringing the problems of colonial life within 
 the scope of their studies, they have in schools 
 for a native pastorate an object of special sym- 
 pathy. If any one work belongs more properly 
 than another to our " ancient and religious" 
 bodies, it is that they should kindle elsewhere 
 the light by which they live : that they should 
 be diffusive sources of spiritual vitality: that 
 they should foster and quicken all that the past 
 offers in every place for present use. And there 
 is nothing that I should desire more earnestly 
 for Cambridge; there is nothing, as I think, 
 which would give more vigorous intensity to 
 her national influence ; nothing which would tend 
 more to preserve and deepen that grandeur 
 
UNIVERSITY 1 
 
 TO MISSIONARY WORK. 41 
 
 which ought to be the characteristic of her teach- 
 ing, than that some school of Indian students 
 should be formed and sustained to witness to 
 her devotion and to represent her spirit in the 
 East. We should gain by being brought into 
 closer connexion with men among whom the 
 "struggling, hard-working, hard-living scholar" 
 is the noble ideal of the race: they would gain 
 by feeling that they were called into actual 
 fellowship with a centre of the religious thought 
 of England. 
 
 To organise such a school, appears to me to 
 be the true University mission. For it is, in 
 some degree, to offer to God the firstfruits of 
 the best which He has given us. There is other 
 work to be done abroad, but the Universities 
 should aspire to that which is most difficult ; to 
 that which calls for their peculiar gifts ; to that 
 which may consecrate, so to speak, their proper 
 work at home. And is it too much to hope 
 that we may yet see on the Indus, or the 
 Ganges, some new Alexandria? 
 
 I know how many appeals have been made 
 
42 THE UNIVERSITIES IN RELATION 
 
 lately to the generosity of our University. I 
 have no desire to divert into new channels alms 
 and energies which are already offered to mis- 
 sion work. Yet, at this season, ,1 cannot but 
 hope that there may be some among us to 
 whom further sacrifice may not be ungrateful; 
 some, who knowing what this place has been 
 and is to themselves, can imagine no higher 
 privilege than to communicate as they are able 
 the fulness of her life to our Indian Empire; 
 some who feel that the great and ancient schools 
 of our English pastorate are essentially incom- 
 plete till they are represented elsewhere by 
 schools through which they shall contribute their 
 resources to the solution of new problems of 
 religious life. 
 
 The conversion of Asia is the last and great- 
 est problem which has been reserved for the 
 Church of Christ. It is through India that the 
 East can be approached. It is to England that 
 the evangelizing of India has been entrusted by 
 the providence of God. It is by the concentra- 
 tion of all that is ripest in thought, of all that is 
 
TO MISSIONARY WORK. 43 
 
 wisest in counsel, of all that is intensest in devo- 
 tion, of all that is purest in self-sacrifice, that 
 the work must be achieved. Can we then fail 
 to see what is required of us ? Can we fail 
 to recognize what we have to give ? 
 
 However unworthy I am to plead such a 
 cause, I must speak of the fulness of my heart. 
 I must ask, not less through the love which I 
 bear to Cambridge, than through the sense 
 which I have of the office of England, for your 
 thoughts, for your offerings, for your prayers, in 
 furtherance of such a plan as I have indicated. 
 Others will point out far better than I can how 
 it may be realized. It does not, as far as I can 
 judge, call for anything beyond our means. 
 And this Advent will have come to us with 
 a corporate blessing, if, through the teaching 
 of the season, our University shall be guided 
 in such a way, to take her place in the front 
 of Missionary work. So we shall be better 
 enabled to feel ourselves, and to confess to the 
 world, that all that is noble, and pure, and true, 
 is tributary to our Faith: we shall see farther 
 
44 THE UNIVERSITIES, &c. 
 
 than we have yet seen, into the distant glories 
 of the mystery of redemption: we shall gain 
 energy from the impulse of movement, and 
 strength from the assurance of victory : we shall 
 be cheered with an access of life, from the over- 
 flow of the life which we have given: we shall 
 know, and not believe only, that the Spirit of 
 God is with us. 
 
 The need is urgent but it is inspiring. The 
 time is short, but spiritual progress is not gauged 
 by temporal measures. The work is arduous, 
 but our strength is the strength of the Incar- 
 nation. 
 
 The day is at hand; and therefore a fresh glory 
 of Christ shall follow our time of waiting : in Him 
 shall the nations trust; and their hope shall not 
 be unaccomplished. 
 
III. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITIES AS A SPIRITUAL 
 POWER. 
 
Preached at the Commemoration of Benefactors in the 
 Chapel of Trinity College, Cambridge, Dec. 15, 1868. 
 
III. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITIES AS A SPIRITUAL 
 POWER. 
 
 H K69CCAH 
 
 Aorouuevov KOI Guvpi(3a$6uevov...THv CXUHGIV... 
 no terra i... 
 
 ...the heady even Christ : from whom the whole body fitly 
 joined together and compacted... maketh increase. 
 
 EPH. iv. 15, 1 6 (comp. COL. ii. 19). 
 
 THERE can be no doubt that the familiar image 
 which St Paul here uses is far more significant 
 to us than it was to his first readers. The 
 necessary action of Christianity during eighteen 
 centuries has enabled us to see more clearly 
 than they could the moral and spiritual con- 
 nexity of the different elements of life. The 
 faithful study of the external world has defined 
 within certain limits the physical laws by which 
 man is bound to his fellow-man and made de- 
 
THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 pendent on the circumstances in which he is 
 placed. A large experience of social life has 
 revealed, at least in general outline, the varia- 
 tions in form under which the same spiritual 
 powers are manifested at different epochs, and 
 shewn that these also are subject to their proper 
 laws. For us the individual is no longer an 
 isolated unit, but a complicated result of an 
 enormous past, inspired at the same time with 
 a personal will, which makes him a source of 
 influence for an immeasurable future. For us 
 the State is no longer centralized in one despotic 
 power, but broken up under manifold govern- 
 ments which express, or tend to express, the 
 characters and aspirations of different nation- 
 alities. For us the Church is no longer con- 
 templated under the one formal type of the 
 Old Covenant, but as a divine society, growing 
 with the growing ages, and revealed at each 
 crisis of history with the power needed to con- 
 trol its issue. 
 
 This being so, it is impossible that we should 
 not find a deep meaning in the Apostle's words 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 49 
 
 hidden from earlier generations, when we think 
 what we are, and what we know life to be ; and 
 as we ponder them they must seem to be full 
 of hope still unrealized. They speak to us of 
 an unseen, personal Centre of our higher being 
 (tce<j)a\ii), in Whom the complicated functions 
 of existence are harmonized, and from Whom 
 these derive their energy. They speak to us 
 of a divine growth (y av&o-is TOV Oeov Col. ii. 
 19), specific and yet multiform, which implies 
 progressive assimilation and constant change. 
 They speak to us of a ministering and coordinat- 
 ing power (crvvap/jLoXoyovfJLevov [eTTL^oprjyov/jLevov 
 Col.] KOI (rvvftipafyiJbevov) in every part of a vast 
 body whereby the whole is sustained and moulded 
 in perfect vigour and in perfect beauty. The stu- 
 dent of nature may recognize willingly or un- 
 willingly the inevitable conditions by which man 
 is dependent on man, and race on race : the 
 student of morals may feel after that common 
 life which is alone adequate to satisfy the wants 
 and control the powers of the individual : the 
 student of theology may shrink from conclusions 
 w. s. 4 
 
50 THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 and speculations which appear to abridge the 
 completeness of personal responsibility on which 
 all spiritual life is based ; but here the interde- 
 pendence of men is proclaimed by anticipation 
 not as a difficulty but as an encouragement, 
 and the idea of humanity is seen to be no 
 longer an abstraction but a fundamental fact 
 of the Christian faith. 
 
 So it is that I have chosen this phrase of 
 St Paul to give a character to our thoughts 
 to-day. To-day, if ever, the boldest aspiration 
 is for us a pious duty. The past and the future 
 of the great society which we are now allowed 
 to represent command us to contemplate the 
 highest possibilities of life ; and every special 
 circumstance by which we are surrounded, 
 whether by menace or by encouragement, rouses 
 us to prepare for a crisis of unparalleled gran- 
 deur. It is just fifty years since De Maistre 
 in reviewing the future of Europe said 1 that 
 England was 'destined to give the impulse to 
 'the religious movement then in preparation, 
 1 Du Pape, p. 374 (ed. 1860). 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 51 
 
 'which should be a sacred epoch in the annals 
 'of the world;' and these fifty years have gone 
 far to confirm his assertion. To fulfil it rests 
 now, I believe, in no small degree with our 
 ancient Universities. These magnificent soci- 
 eties, which are themselves the monuments of 
 the ancient spiritual power of England, contain 
 within them the elements of a new spiritual 
 power fitted to deal with the problems of our own 
 age. Nowhere can we find more clearly than in 
 them the characteristics which mark our national 
 endowments and our national calling. They 
 witness to continuity by an uninterrupted life 
 which has found scope for a healthy development 
 through every period of change. They witness 
 to catholicity by the records of their foundation 
 and the large scope of their teaching. They 
 witness to the Christian destination of all labour 
 by claiming for every public act the consecration 
 of a divine blessing. And that which is true 
 of the whole body is true in an especial degree 
 of our own society. The very Chapel within 
 which we are gathered, begun by Mary and 
 
 42 
 
S 2 THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 finished by Elizabeth, is a record of a vital 
 power too strong to be checked even by a 
 religious revolution. The thanksgiving which 
 we daily offer in our Hall embraces in grateful 
 veneration the names of men who had little 
 else in common than active goodwill for our 
 foundation 1 . The monuments by which we are 
 surrounded shew that we claim as our own the 
 philosophers who laid the foundations of modern 
 science and marked them with the cross 2 . 
 
 1 Infunde qusesumus, Domine Deus, gratiam tuam in mentes 
 nostras, ut his donis datis ab Henrico Octavo, Fundatore nostro, 
 Regina Maria, Edvardo Tertio, et Hervico de Stanton, aliisque 
 Benefactoribus nostris, recte ad tuam gloriam utentes, una cum 
 illis qui in fide Christi decesserunt ad coelestem vitam resurga- 
 mus, per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen. 
 
 Hervey of Stanton (f 1327) was rector of East Dereham, and 
 afterwards Chancellor of the Exchequer and Chief Justice of the 
 Common Pleas. A suit was raised against his executors for the 
 costly expenditure at his funeral. It was replied that he was 
 duly buried 'more magnatum Anglise.' 
 
 2 The words of our representative men of science, BACON, 
 RAY (who rarely receives due honour), and NEWTON, may be 
 quoted : 
 
 * This also we humbly and earnestly beg, that human things 
 may not prejudice such as are divine; neither that from the 
 unlocking of the gates of sense and the kindling of a greater 
 natural light, anything of incredulity or intellectual night may 
 arise in our minds towards divine mysteries. But rather that 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. S3 
 
 To realize in the present this priceless in- 
 heritance is the natural office of our University 
 and of our College. It is their natural office, 
 and the religious future of England depends, 
 as I believe, upon the mode in which it is ful- 
 filled. If we are to use faithfully all the past 
 as the source of principles and not of patterns 
 of action : if we are to co-ordinate every frag- 
 ment of truth without suspicion and without 
 prejudice : if we are to retain and extend our 
 belief in the supreme sovereignty of the Gospel 
 
 by our mind thoroughly cleansed and purged from fancy and 
 vanities, and yet subject and perfectly given up to the divine 
 oracles, there may be given unto faith the things that are faith's.' 
 BACON, The Stiident's Prayer. 
 
 'Rationes autem quibus praecipue permotus amlcorum pre- 
 cibus cessi et consiliis obtemperavi fuere sequentes : 
 
 'Primo Divinae gloriae illustratio. Cum enim inexplicabilis 
 stirpium varietas, eximia pulchritudo, minis ordo, immensa utili- 
 tas, infinite Supremi Opificis potential, sapientiae, bonitatis, lucu- 
 lentissima indicia et argumenta sint, qui materiam hanc pro divi- 
 nitate tractabit, attributa ilia omnibus una agnoscenda, conspici- 
 enda, veneranda proponet. ' RAY, Hist. Plant. Prcef. 
 
 t [Deus] omnia regit non ut anima mundi sed ut universorum 
 Dominus... Veneramur autem et colimus ob dominium. Coli- 
 mus enim ut servi ; et Deus sine dominio providentia et causis 
 finalibus nihil aliud est quam Fatum et Natura.' NEWTON, 
 Prindpia, ScJiol. s. f. 
 
54 THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 over all thought and action and being ; the 
 teaching and the impulse must be here. The 
 University must claim a throne long vacant, 
 and appear to be, what in some sense it cannot 
 but be, an organized 'spiritual power/ 
 
 The meaning of the phrase has indeed been 
 unduly narrowed in later times. Yet it is evi- 
 dent that there are two main functions of the 
 spiritual power. It has a ministerial office and 
 it has an intellectual office. It is charged to 
 perform sacred duties, and it is charged also 
 to guide opinion. For a time, during periods 
 of transition or preparation, both functions may 
 be discharged by the same organ ; but in this, 
 as in every case, the highest development is 
 marked by the specialization of action. As 
 thoughts widen, a regular clergy, so to speak, 
 rises beside the secular clergy ; and men who 
 devote their energies to the pious duties of 
 divine ministration are fain to look to others 
 with ampler leisure and wider opportunities for 
 the fulfilment of an intellectual work of which 
 they may receive the fruits. 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 55 
 
 It has been so in past time ; and yet for the 
 present we seem to be abandoned to anarchy. 
 No great body assumes to itself the ennobling 
 prerogative of guiding thought by interpreting 
 on a large scale the lessons of history, by 
 gathering together on one stage the manifold 
 results of observation and inquiry, by impressing 
 upon those who go forth to labour the eternal 
 destiny of effort. As a necessary consequence 
 energy is misdirected, faith is shaken, and indi- 
 vidualism cramps the highest natures. Not to 
 improvise a solution of a grave social question 
 on abstract principles is treated as incompetence: 
 to suggest that no one science is absolute in its 
 method or in its results is stigmatized as dis- 
 honesty: to strive upwards in the ministry of life 
 from man to humanity, to the world, to GOD, 
 holding fast each assured result, and recognizing 
 truly the relation between the evidence and the 
 conclusion, is condemned as mysticism. Ac- 
 tion, even with the leaders of opinion, outruns 
 thought Administration is mistaken for govern- 
 ment. Those who might be great teachers are 
 
56 THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 content to be indifferent practicians. The vivi- 
 fying and progressive power of counsel is post- 
 poned to the constraining force of command. 
 Political remedies are proposed as adequate for 
 spiritual evils. An empirical system is substi- 
 tuted for a disciplined life. 
 
 Now it is not too much to say that the Uni- 
 versities, and the Universities alone, can remedy 
 these evils. And for this end no change is 
 needed in their constitution: no revolution in 
 their studies : no modification of their essentially 
 religious character. We ask only that they in- 
 terpret to our own age their history, their scope, 
 their spirit. We ask that they teach the rela- 
 tivity of all human developments, as opposed to 
 finality, and thus guide action. We ask that 
 they teach the catholicity of study, as opposed 
 to dispersiveness, and thus guide thought. We 
 ask that they teach the spiritual destination of 
 every personal effort, and of every fragmentary 
 inquiry, as opposed to selfish isolation, and thus, 
 not indeed consecrate being, but reveal to all the 
 fulness of its divine grandeur. 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 57 
 
 Each of these points, clearly indicated to us 
 in the words of St Paul, seems to claim a few 
 words of explanation, 
 
 We ask then first that the Universities as a 
 spiritual power teach the 'relativity' of all human 
 development. The position which ancient lan- 
 guages and literature have always occupied in 
 them is a pledge that they recognize what has 
 been called by a profound instinct * humanity' as 
 the basis of their teaching. But the exigencies 
 of direct education have a tendency to narrow 
 the limits of this vast subject ; and we have 
 suffered, suffered grievously, from the undue 
 contraction of the rich field of historical labour. 
 We have lost, or are on the point of losing, that 
 encyclopaedic conception of the life and monu- 
 ments of antiquity which is alone sufficient here. 
 For purposes of elementary discipline it may be, 
 it must be, well to concentrate attention on the 
 details of language, and on the highest models of 
 style. Grammatical precision and cultivated 
 taste are unquestionably the essential founda- 
 tion, but these are nothing more than the foun- 
 
THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 elation of classical learning. If the University 
 exercises upon these studies her spiritual prero- 
 gative, she will shew that the subtlest delicacies 
 of expression, the noblest masterpieces of litera- 
 ture belong to and spring out of a slow national 
 growth, and pass away in a slow national decay : 
 she will shew that the fragments to which she 
 directs her students are fragments, and can then 
 only be fully understood when they are referred 
 to their proper place in the organic whole from 
 which they are taken : she will shew that form 
 and thought have ever continued to work from 
 their first embodiment, rising again in the crises 
 of human progress transfigured and yet the same : 
 she will shew that for us the value of the great 
 past to which they witness is vital and not regu- 
 lative, that the high level to which they raise us 
 is a vantage-ground and not a place of rest, that 
 in all and under all we must look patiently till 
 we discern that soul 'of man, manifested now in 
 this shape and now in that, which has its being 
 and lives in GOD. 
 
 At present we are exposed to two great 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 59 
 
 dangers which this spiritual interpretation of 
 earlier times may avert. On the one hand a 
 powerful school of politicians aims at recon- 
 structing society independently of history. On 
 the other hand a powerful school of churchmen 
 aims at regenerating society by reproducing the 
 past. Both efforts for the time may be disas- 
 trous, though in the end they must be alike fu- 
 tile. In life there is no fresh beginning. In life 
 there is no possibility of repetition. But if once 
 we rise to the ennobling contemplation of the 
 life of the society, of the nation, of the race : if 
 we open our eyes to the magnificent spectacle 
 of its rich variety and absolute coherence : if we 
 recognize the manifold significance of the long 
 ages which we are enabled to study, and the 
 necessary filiation of thought on thought and act 
 on act, attested by the imperishable records 
 which we are charged to interpret : we shall be 
 made strong to do our own work, and we shall be 
 made wise. A sense of reverence will move us 
 to the undertaking. A sense of proportion will 
 guide us to the accomplishment. What has 
 
6o 
 
 THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 been we shall acknowledge to be irrevocable and 
 feel to be operative. Antiquity will be to us as 
 our own youth, rich in hope, in vigour, in aspira- 
 tion, which mature age is called upon not to 
 contemn or depreciate, not to vainly regret or 
 still more vainly rival, but to fulfil with sober 
 progress and to crown with ripe achievement. 
 
 This then appears to be the first work of the 
 University as a spiritual power, to connect its 
 literary teaching both in form and purpose with 
 the whole progress of humanity. But it has also 
 to coordinate the various departments of science. 
 For we ask again that the University should 
 openly recognize and teach the catholicity of 
 study. And it may seem to some that this 
 latter work is even more urgent than the former. 
 It is at least not less perilous to misunderstand 
 the relations of the different groups of facts 
 which we are allowed to investigate, than to 
 neglect the signs and lessons of human progress. 
 To speak of the imaginary conflicts between 
 ' science' and i religion' may be humiliating, but 
 we must face the humiliation till we have re- 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 6 1 
 
 moved the misconceptions which have given to 
 them a semblance of reality. And the character 
 of Cambridge studies seems to me to make 
 success in this respect comparatively easy here, 
 which elsewhere might appear difficult or hopeless. 
 The close juxta-position of the extreme types 
 of science, of abstract mathematics on the one 
 side and of historical philology interpreted in the 
 large sense already fixed, on the other, must force 
 us to consider the enormous differences in sub- 
 ject-matter and in method by which the several 
 members of the scientific hierarchy are separated. 
 Thus we are enabled to meet at an advantage 
 two intellectual dangers of immediate urgency. 
 We are prepared to reassert the right of distinct 
 types of phenomena to be regarded as materials 
 for scientific study, when an exclusive predo- 
 minance is claimed for one type. And, again, 
 we are guarded against the temptation to admit 
 any one method as absolute. 
 
 Very much remains to be done in adjusting 
 the limits of the different sciences, but with these 
 I am not concerned now. It is enough to notice 
 
62 THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 that the facts which arrange themselves round 
 the three final existences which consciousness 
 reveals, self, the world, and GOD, spring from 
 different sources, are tested by different proofs, 
 and in their proper nature can never interfere, 
 because they move in distinct regions. The 
 first group rests on consciousness alone, and 
 includes all the results which follow from the 
 analysis or combination of the laws of human 
 perception and thought. The second group is 
 subject to these, and resting on observation 
 defines with ever-advancing clearness the rela- 
 tion of man to the world of sense around him. 
 The third group is conditioned by the two 
 former, so far as its form is concerned, and 
 resting on revelation connects the seen with the 
 unseen, the temporal with the eternal, the finite 
 with the infinite. The method in the first case 
 is deductive, in the second inductive, and in the 
 third, if I may coin a word, adductive, for it 
 reposes on the personal apprehension of a divine 
 fellowship. And these three methods rightly 
 apprehended are not antagonistic, but comple- 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 63 
 
 mentary. No one is universal ; but together 
 they bring within an intelligible order whatever 
 man can learn of thought and action and being. 
 
 And if we view these great divisions of truth 
 in the light of history, we shall observe at once 
 that the verification of which they admit is 
 generically different. The first is reducible in 
 every case to elements which are inconceivable 
 otherwise. The second is purely experiential, 
 and there is no reason, as far as we can see, why 
 the phenomena which it classifies and connects 
 should have been of one kind rather than of 
 another. Thus the laws under which its phe- 
 nomena are included depend on observation 
 alone, which may be capable of indefinite re- 
 petition in the less complicated sciences, or is 
 essentially unique in sociology. And though 
 by considering the action of certain definite 
 forces we can construct abstract sciences which 
 we are constrained to regard as necessarily true 
 for us, yet in practice we can never be sure 
 that we have taken account of every element 
 which may modify the result ; and the capacity 
 
64 THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 for modification varies directly with the com- 
 plexity, that is, with the nobility of the phe- 
 nomenon to be examined. The third division 
 has something in common with both the other 
 groups : its elements are supplied partly by hu- 
 man nature, which at least ratifies certain moral 
 principles, partly from experience, which shews 
 in what way the idea of the divine has been 
 brought home to men under various circum- 
 stances. But from the nature of the case the 
 verification must here be personal and not uni- 
 versal. The judgment of conscience and the 
 conception of GOD are progressive and relative. 
 Both claim to penetrate beyond the present 
 order, and just so far as they serve to realize 
 to us the unseen and the eternal they must 
 transcend the criteria of sense, and introduce 
 elements not included in the constitution of 
 our own minds. 
 
 If this is so, it follows that when we have 
 learnt to regard the whole range of the subjects 
 with which man can deal whose knowledge 
 always must be human, and not absolute 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 65 
 
 beginning with the conditions of thought and 
 observation, and reaching over the visible on 
 to the invisible : when we have ascertained that 
 each superior science as it ascends in the scale, 
 including those below, becomes more modifiable 
 and less capable of practical verification : when 
 we have recognized that theology is itself a 
 science, and religion the final synthesis of all 
 the sciences ; we shall labour on each in our 
 own narrow spot chastened, strengthened, ele- 
 vated : chastened, because we shall never forget 
 that we see but little out of a vast field, and 
 work but in one way out of many: strength- 
 ened, because we shall know that our efforts 
 are not ours only, but represent in a great 
 measure the successes of those who have gone 
 before us, and prepare the successes of those 
 who shall come after us : elevated, because 
 we shall see that our part in the whole sum 
 of life, however humble, has an eternal signifi- 
 cance not for ourselves only but for our race. 
 
 For we ask, lastly, that the University as a 
 spiritual power teach the divine destination of 
 w. s. 5 
 
66 THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 labour. The subdivision of study which tends 
 to narrow us intellectually, tends also to narrow 
 us morally. We lose the sense of proportion, 
 and we lose the sense of fellowship. But the 
 remedy lies near at hand. The very speciality 
 of our operations must from time to time force 
 us to acknowledge that we are joint-workers 
 in a body from which we receive infinitely more 
 than we can ever repay. And when this idea 
 is once firmly grasped, the peril of isolation 
 is gone. The student rises to the dignity of 
 a minister of Christ in humanity : work becomes 
 sacrifice : distinctions of office as great or small 
 are lost in the transforming glory of supreme 
 devotion. 
 
 It is indeed presumptuous to mark out be- 
 forehand the limits of fruitful service. Experi- 
 ence shews us that we are poor judges of the 
 results of patient toil. But we may claim that 
 each worker shall be called upon to realize the 
 social character of his work : to look habitually 
 away from himself to the great body whose 
 minister he truly is : to discipline his vigour 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 6? 
 
 by casting off all that is selfish in the choice, 
 or in the accomplishment of his task. There 
 is not only a tendency in the individual student 
 to press his particular inquiries too far, but there 
 is a general tendency to extend the sway of 
 one science into the domain of that which 
 borders upon it. To take only the most general 
 examples, materialism is an invasion of theology 
 by physics: pietism is an invasion of physics 
 by theology. And even if there is no actual 
 trespass, it is as perilous to study a lower sub- 
 ject without regard to the higher, as to study 
 a higher subject without regard to the lower. 
 Thus there is need, in any engrossing intellectual 
 pursuit, of a personal discipline, and (so to speak) 
 of a collective discipline. When once this is 
 recognized, Theology, the science of revelation, 
 will be seen in the grandeur of its true office ; 
 and Metaphysics, the science of introspection, 
 and Science, popularly so called, the science 
 of observation, will be indefinitely elevated by 
 the introduction of a moral element into abstract 
 study. For if it be certain that the issues of 
 
 52 
 
68 THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 all human action are infinite, and that man, 
 whether he knows it or not, must work for 
 eternity : if it be certain that differences of en- 
 dowment correspond to differences of function, 
 and that in life there is absolutely no recurrence 
 of opportunity : if it be certain that not only all 
 action but all thought is indissolubly connected, 
 and that science hangs on science in a fixed and 
 magnificent order : what dignity, what devotion, 
 what intensity will effort gain, from the con- 
 templation of conditions which ennoble even 
 while they alarm. The power of sympathy, 
 immeasurably greater than the power of reason, 
 will support labours otherwise intolerable; and 
 we shall know with a certain knowledge that 
 the order of which we trace thus far the growing 
 purpose can issue in nothing less than the glori- 
 ous future which it is given to faith to realize. 
 
 Thus shall we rise to the apprehension of 
 that great and crowning unity which Scripture 
 reveals to us as 'the end/ The study of history 
 shews the unity of life : the study of science 
 shews the unity of thought : the study of action 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 69 
 
 shews the unity of being : unities broken indeed 
 by man's sin, but yet potentially restored by 
 Christ. To bring these out into a clearer and 
 more commanding light is the highest work of 
 education. To inspire men with the sense of 
 their sovereign grandeur is the spiritual office 
 of the Universities. 
 
 And for the fulfilment of the office the Uni- 
 versities have the means ready before them. 
 The work is indeed, as I have already said, only 
 the present realization of the principles which 
 they represent. No new element is needed : it 
 is sufficient that those which are already present 
 should be recognized. No new power is needed : 
 it is sufficient that those which exist should be 
 manifested in their true activity. Nowhere else 
 can there be found the same full combination 
 of contrasted pursuits controlled and fostered 
 for one end. Nowhere else can there be found 
 the same grave harmony of things old and new, 
 which gives life to order and stability to pro- 
 gress. Nowhere else can there be found the 
 same rich variety of energy consecrated to a 
 
7O THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 single work, of which the very gaps which the 
 last year has made in our body remind us with 
 touching emphasis 1 . Here the widest, calmest, 
 grandest thoughts are most natural. The speci- 
 ality of teaching is relieved by the necessity of 
 culture. Education passes into life. For men, 
 who are the hope of England, are brought under 
 these moving influences at a time when they 
 are most susceptible of permanent impressions. 
 Here only, the chosen representatives of a gene- 
 ration meet as men, enriching a society of equals 
 with their different gifts. Here only they are 
 bound together by a common discipline and a 
 common aim, before they are scattered to the 
 divided duties of their lives. Here only are 
 they able to realize on a wide scale by daily 
 fellowship that deep sympathy in difference 
 which is the strength of action. 
 
 In this aspect the general spirit of the Uni- 
 versities is of more importance than the special 
 teaching which they afford. The spirit is the 
 
 1 Rev. F. Martin, Fellow 1825, f May 20, 1868. Rev. W. 
 J. Beamont, Fellow 1852, f Aug. 6, 1868. 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 71 
 
 life : the teaching is only one embodiment of 
 the life. If the vital power be given, experience 
 will supply afterwards, if need be, the materials 
 which it may shape. But no special and later 
 study can bring that energetic principle of unity 
 which to be operative must underlie effort. For 
 when once our time of preparation is over and 
 we are plunged into the turmoil of action, it is 
 impossible to gain that clear view of the higher 
 relations of existence which a society like this 
 is essentially fitted to bring out. Occupations 
 close round us, and we necessarily exaggerate 
 the magnitude of present cares because we see 
 them near. Our personal interests, by the force 
 of their importunity, exclude all larger sympa- 
 thies if these are not already matured before the 
 conflict begins. In the press of the world we 
 lose sight of life, if the life is not within us. 
 Therefore it is that the moral impress which 
 Is given here is of inestimable value. If the 
 .spiritual work of the University is not done at 
 once, it never can be done. If by GOD'S bless- 
 ing it is done, it spreads insensibly throughout 
 
7 2 THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 the land with a power to cheer, to reconcile, to 
 quicken. 
 
 It may be that a stranger can feel the gran- 
 deur of the office of the Universities more than 
 any one who is busied with their routine. At 
 least I have not said one word which I do not 
 in my heart believe can be made good. My 
 own life has been spent in the humbler labour 
 of preparatory instruction. I have learnt what 
 that can do, and I have learnt what it cannot do. 
 And year by year I have felt more certainly that 
 it must remain for the Universities to satisfy 
 the desires which at school we can only arouse, 
 to elevate to a range truly human the sympa- 
 thies which with us are special and local, to 
 correct one form of thought by contact with 
 others, to consecrate all by the recognition of a 
 common service. 
 
 An ideal may seem unattainable, but when 
 it is distinctly acknowledged as the object of 
 aspiration, it will be found close at hand. And, 
 if I may speak frankly, it seems to me that the 
 total effect of the Universities, great as it is, 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 73 
 
 is not at present commensurate with the re- 
 sources which they command, because they do 
 not set forth boldly their highest aim. There 
 is a moral irony in those who give the tone to 
 them, which hides from many eyes the devoted- 
 ness of the scholar's life. Forces are consumed 
 in isolation, which if revealed together in their 
 actual intensity would produce results not to be 
 measured by what they have already achieved. 
 Men can gain at Cambridge a lofty ideal of 
 duty, a generous enthusiasm for right and truth, 
 a vital sense of a Divine Spirit animating all 
 labour, but they are not ''compelled' to regard 
 these priceless blessings as a natural part of 
 their heritage which they must use or deliber- 
 ately cast aside. And if I am asked how this 
 end can be gained, I answer, without one mo- 
 ment's doubt, Let the Universities only be seen 
 to be what they are, let those who animate them 
 confess openly their deepest thoughts, and the 
 end is gained. There is nothing visionary in 
 the sketch of their office which I have sought 
 to draw. I know well the influences which the 
 
74 THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 Universities contain, and the character of those 
 with whom they have to deal, and therefore I 
 rejoice to believe that the time is already at 
 hand when no one will come within their reach 
 who will not find in them a spiritual power, 
 not 'wasting the patrimony of faith/ but enlarg- 
 ing, deepening, elevating the conception of reli- 
 gious life : who will not go forth from them to 
 his appointed place with the profound conviction 
 that he stands between two ages, inheriting 
 a boundless past, and fashioning, irrevocably 
 fashioning, a boundless future : who will not 
 thenceforth labour with the humblest sense of 
 the immensity of that Order of which he is 
 allowed to regard one fragment, and welcome 
 as fellow-labourers those to whom it is given 
 to examine other fields in other ways : who will 
 not be animated by the spirit of sacrifice which 
 alone is fruitful, and by the spirit of love which 
 alone survives all change. 
 
 There is very much in life which, externally 
 at least, is dull and weary and mechanical : there 
 is very much in life which brings us face to face 
 
AS A SPIRITUAL POWER. 75 
 
 with mysteries which our reason and our soul 
 acknowledge to be final. But if we carry with 
 us a vital sense of the truths which the Univer- 
 sities can teach efficiently, routine itself will be 
 a heavenly discipline and doubts unsolved a 
 pledge of a nobler future. To feel no rude 
 discords, no inexorable checks, no passionate 
 and unfulfilled longings, to find, in a word, 
 peace on earth, is to deny Christ : but to trust 
 to a harmony as yet imperfect, to trust to fail- 
 ure as 'a triumph's evidence,' to trust that GOD 
 will complete what we are sure that He has 
 begun, is to know the power of Christ's Resur- 
 rection. 
 
 And when the Universities have crowned the 
 education of their sons with this knowledge, 
 then will England be prepared to fulfil her 
 mission for which, as it seems, the world is now 
 waiting. Then will she be able to interpret and 
 harmonize the East and West in virtue of her 
 history, of her character, of her spirit. Then 
 will it be known as it never yet has been known, 
 how the power of Christ can subdue all things 
 
THE UNIVERSITIES 
 
 to itself. Then will it be granted for those 
 who come after us to see how the whole body 
 for which Christ died, quickened by His trans- 
 forming life, increaseth with the increase of 
 GOD. 
 
IV. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE IN- 
 TELLECTUAL TRAINING OF THE 
 CLERGY. 
 
Read at the Church Congress at Nottingham, 
 Oct. 12, 1871. 
 
IV. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE INTELLECTUAL 
 TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. 
 
 THE idea which we form of the best type of 
 clerical education necessarily depends upon the 
 view which we take of the clerical office. If the 
 office were simply ministerial or priestly, it 
 would be a sufficient external training for those 
 to be admitted to it that they should be conver- 
 sant with certain services, should have mastered 
 certain formulas, should be prepared to fulfil 
 with due reverence and dignity specific ordi- 
 nances. But however highly we may estimate 
 the divine grace conveyed through ordination to 
 the Christian minister, no one of us would admit 
 that his work is accomplished when he has dis- 
 charged with the most sedulous care the routine 
 functions which he is authorised to undertake. 
 He is a prophet and a pastor as well as a priest. 
 
8O THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 He has not only to use in definite ways a gift 
 committed to him, but he has also to carry 
 forward a progressive interpretation of all life, 
 and to satisfy the wants of the individual soul. 
 As a representative of the spiritual power, he 
 must make good his claim to deal with religion 
 in its human no less than in its divine bearings. 
 He is appointed to declare a message of wisdom 
 as well as a message of love, to shape and co- 
 ordinate the various elements of that which is 
 relative in expression, as well as to maintain 
 unchanged that which is absolute in essence. 
 According to the circumstances in which he is 
 placed, now one part of his office and now 
 another will be predominant, but no part can 
 be disregarded. His education must therefore, 
 if it be satisfactory, include the opportunity of 
 adequate preparation for the active exercise of 
 all his duties. He will need an intellectual 
 training, and he will need a pastoral training, 
 before he can fulfil his divine commission. 
 
 Of the pastoral training of candidates for 
 holy orders I do not wish to speak now. I have 
 
OF THB 
 
 I UNIVERSITY ) 
 
 TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. 8 1 
 
 endeavoured to shew on another occasion that 
 this can be best conducted from Cathedral 
 centres, and that our present Cathedral bodies, 
 crippled as they have been, can still, with some 
 little external help, undertake it. Leaving then 
 this part of the subject for one who will come 
 after me, I propose to indicate some essential 
 points at which (in my opinion) we ought to aim 
 in the intellectual training of our future clergy. 
 This training belongs, at least in its great out- 
 lines, to the Universities and not to the Cathe- 
 drals. I desire therefore to shew how the Uni- 
 versities help us to secure the results which I 
 regard as most desirable how (i) the general 
 character of their teaching is perfectly fitted to 
 produce that breadth of mental sympathy on 
 which all highest theology reposes ; how (2) the 
 special teaching in Divinity which they supply 
 is designed to lay the firm foundation of a 
 historic faith. The time at my disposal renders 
 it impossible to develop these ideas in detail, 
 but applications of the ideas will occur to every 
 one if they are themselves fairly stated. 
 
 w. s. 6 
 
82 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 Briefly, then, it seems to me that the intel- 
 lectual training of our clergy must be animated 
 and ruled by two great principles which are 
 included in the nature of their message. Chris- 
 tianity is the absolute religion, and therefore the 
 Christian minister must apprehend clearly the 
 relation in which Christian theology as a science 
 stands to all other sciences. Christianity is a 
 historical religion, and therefore he must be 
 conversant with the laws of investigation into 
 the past. He needs, above all men, largeness of 
 view and critical discipline. It follows, there- 
 fore, that his training must be, if I may use 
 the term, encyclopaedic in spirit, and historical 
 in method. Let me endeavour to bring out 
 these two thoughts a little more distinctly. 
 
 The first condition of clerical education is, I 
 say, that it should be encyclopaedic in spirit. It 
 is, of course, impossible that every candidate for 
 holy orders should master even the rudiments of 
 all other sciences, before he enters upon the 
 special study of theology. But without attain- 
 ing this range, he can, at least, gain an adequate 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. 83 
 
 acquaintance with the grouping of the sciences, 
 with their subordination one to another, with 
 their principles, with the processes by which 
 they are pursued, with the foundations on which 
 they rest. Past history has shewn, with suffi- 
 cient clearness, the disastrous results which fol- 
 low from the attempt to investigate one domain 
 of knowledge, by the method which belongs to 
 another. And the lesson has been so far fruitful 
 that no one now would attempt to construct a 
 theory of the world, on general ideas, apart from 
 experience. The limits between mental and 
 physical science may not yet be perfectly ad- 
 justed, but at least a broad distinction has been 
 made between results reducible to elementary 
 facts which are inconceivable otherwise and 
 those reducible to elementary facts which are 
 verifiable by observation. And when this dis- 
 tinction is once felt, we are prepared to under- 
 stand that the facts of theology, as a science, are 
 different in kind from both, and that they are 
 established by a peculiar and independent au- 
 thority. Until this truth is seen, fatal mistakes 
 
 62 
 
84 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 will be made in the development of theology, 
 like those which long disturbed the progress 
 of natural science. There is a legitimate office 
 for deduction in physics, but the dominant facts 
 of physics are not obtained or tested by deduc- 
 tion : there is a legitimate office for both deduc- 
 tion and induction in theology, but the dominant 
 facts of theology are not obtained, or tested by 
 those methods. Deduction is limited by man : 
 induction is limited by man and the world of 
 sense ; but theology claims to reach beyond 
 the present order, to place us in connection 
 with the eternal and the unseen, and Christian 
 theology starts from the union of man with 
 God. 
 
 It is impossible to pursue these thoughts 
 further at present; but what has been indicated 
 will explain my meaning when I said, that the 
 foundation of clerical education must be ency- 
 clopaedic. It is of vital importance that the 
 young student of theology should be habituated 
 to regard the facts which arrange themselves 
 round the three ultimate existences which con- 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. 85 
 
 sciousness reveals, self, the world, and God, as 
 being supplied from different sources, tested by 
 different proofs, dealt with by different methods. 
 In this way he will be guarded from countless 
 disappointments and discouragements : he will 
 rejoice intelligently in every effort made to 
 extend or complete each science according to its 
 proper laws : he will know that his own science 
 has characteristic truths which belong to it alone ; 
 and he will know also, that these truths are 
 illustrated and advanced by the progress of the 
 simpler sciences which define their expression, 
 and, in turn, receive from them a crown of living 
 glory. The theologian who studies theology 
 only, is really as liable to error, as unnaturally 
 cramped, as imperfectly equipped for his work 
 as a philologer would be who confined himself 
 to the knowledge of a single language. It is his 
 task to watch for the convergence of all the 
 streams of truth, to gather every scattered ray of 
 light, without hurry and without misgiving ; 
 without hurry, for time is to him only "the 
 shadow which his weakness shapes ; " without 
 
86 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 misgiving, for he knows, as no one else can 
 know, that all truth, all light is one. 
 
 Now, we shall all feel that this largeness of 
 sympathy, this comprehensiveness of view, this 
 patience of discrimination, must be gained be- 
 fore the student devotes himself to the special 
 study of the master-science of his life. Theo- 
 logy, true theology, is inspired by such a spirit ; 
 but the pursuit of theology alone will not pro- 
 duce it any more than the pursuit of physics or 
 of philosophy. We shall feel also that this spirit is 
 the natural product of the Universities. No 
 other intellectual discipline, besides that which 
 they supply, can present to men with equal 
 efficiency the manifoldness of knowledge, and at 
 the same time shew how all subserves in various 
 ways to the same end. 
 
 The combination of representative types of 
 study in one course, as pure mathematics, and 
 physics, and historical philology, must force 
 every thoughtful student to consider the mutual 
 relations of the different members of the hie- 
 rarchy of sciences, and help the student of the- 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. 8/ 
 
 ology to apprehend the office of his own science 
 (the science of revelation), in its proper grandeur. 
 It is true that recent changes have tended more 
 and more to specialise the branches of education, 
 even in the Universities ; but at present the 
 revolution is neither final nor fatal. All that 
 is needed to co-ordinate studies which are sepa- 
 rately vigorous, is that theology should claim their 
 common service. 
 
 So far, then, nothing can be better than that 
 the candidate for holy orders should, whenever it 
 is possible, enter completely and heartily into 
 the ordinary University course that is, that he 
 should approach his professional study through 
 the avenue of the liberal studies ; that he should 
 have at least the opportunity of seeing clearly 
 the position which it holds with regard to the 
 . other branches of knowledge that he should 
 learn, once for all, that the truths which he has 
 to teach, the method which he has to follow, are 
 not antagonistic, but complementary, to the 
 truths and methods of the metaphysician and 
 the physicist. Even if the University did no 
 
88 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 more for him than this, he could not well 
 dispense with the teaching which places him in 
 a true position for future work. But the Univer- 
 sities can do, and actually do (I speak with 
 confidence of my own University), far more than 
 this. They not only reveal to the theological 
 student the general relations in which his 
 science stands to the other sciences, but they 
 help him to lay deeply and surely the founda- 
 tions on which all later construction may repose. 
 They enable him (that we may pass to our 
 second principle) to seize the characteristics of 
 the Christian revelation by directing him to the 
 study of Holy Scripture and to the study of 
 Church History. These subjects follow natu- 
 rally on the purely liberal studies with which he 
 has been hitherto busied. They offer scope for 
 the exercise of all the powers which he has 
 matured. Through these, all the fulness of life 
 is found to contribute to the interpretation of 
 the Gospel. Through these, dogma and ritual 
 first become really intelligible when they are 
 seen to answer to, or rise out of, facts. Through 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. 89 
 
 these, if we dare not speak of proof, comes that 
 conviction of the truth of Christianity on which 
 the intellect, as well as the st>ul, of man is able 
 to rest with absolute assurance. 
 
 It cannot be too often repeated, that the sum 
 of the Gospel is a Divine history. All that it 
 concerned us to receive as to the visible presence 
 of Christ, His being and His work, is contained 
 in the apostolic writings. His invisible presence 
 through the Spirit, is made known in the annals 
 of the universal Church. Thus/we have primary 
 documents in which we find the essentials of our 
 faith ; we have secondary documents in which 
 we can observe how the faith has been appre- 
 hended, how it has been effective from age to 
 age; and these documents must be tested, 
 revised, interpreted with thoroughness, candour, 
 devotion, proportioned to the overwhelming 
 importance of their contents. I am speaking 
 now, it must be remembered, simply of the 
 intellectual training of the Christian minister; 
 and, in this respect, it seems to me to be 
 nothing short of unfaithfulness not to prove all 
 
90 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 things by every means at our command both 
 the Bible, to which we appeal as the judge of 
 our thoughts; and the records of the life of the 
 Church of which we are heirs. 
 
 It is not, indeed, possible that every candi- 
 date for holy orders should be an accomplished 
 critic, but every one may be expected to know 
 the circumstances under which, the books of 
 Holy Scripture were written how and with 
 what general varieties of form they have been 
 handed down to us; in what different ways they 
 have been regarded; when and by what autho- 
 rity they were collected together. It is not 
 possible that every one should be a well-read 
 historian; but every one may be expected to 
 gain some acquaintance with the original writers 
 who describe the crises through which the 
 Church has passed to see through the eyes of 
 those who witnessed them the victories of faith 
 to study the history of dogma in the words of 
 men, out of the depths of whose spiritual expe- 
 rience each formula was drawn. 
 
 The Universities, I repeat, do even now pre- 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. 9 1 
 
 sent these subjects to students more efficiently 
 than any other body could do. There is need, 
 no doubt, of a more complete combination 
 among teachers, of a more careful co-ordination 
 of successive examinations, of a more obvious 
 progress in the course followed, of a more gene- 
 rous recognition by bishops of the results of 
 University instruction; but none the less the 
 study of the Bible, and the study of Church 
 history are vital studies in the Universities. Men 
 can pursue them there, not as isolated frag- 
 ments, but in their due relation to all literature 
 and all life. 
 
 Such studies may seem, at first sight, secular 
 or literary, outside the sacred field in which the 
 minister of Christ is set to work. But they are 
 not so. Nothing is more wanted, in order to 
 extend and deepen the Divine life amongst us, 
 than the profound study of the Bible, and of 
 the progress of the Christian society. In the 
 Bible we have the inexhaustible, unchangeable 
 springs of truth; in the progress of the Christian 
 society we trace the manifold developments of 
 
92 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 the vital principle of truth through conflict and 
 failure. He who has examined, with the most 
 unwearied diligence, the origin of the Scriptures, 
 who has tried by every test the words which he 
 receives, who trusts most absolutely to their 
 exact interpretation, has preoccupied the van- 
 tage-ground of his adversary. He who does not 
 shrink from looking upon the realities of Church 
 history, who dares to acknowledge the dark 
 chaos of the deep, as well as the movement of 
 the Spirit of God upon its face, will retain hope 
 in every season of distraction and doubt. 
 
 It follows, then, if what I have said is true, 
 that all who have the efficiency of our national 
 clergy at heart, should support and stimulate 
 the Universities in the fulfilment of the two great 
 services which they can render to the candidate 
 for holy orders. They can render the services 
 which I have described, and I fully believe that 
 they are willing to render them. They can 
 prepare him, by a grave and varied discipline, 
 for large-minded research and patient criticism. 
 They can encourage him to consider the position 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. 93 
 
 which theology holds as crowning all other 
 knowledge, assimilating and transfiguring every 
 treasure of thought and observation. They can 
 guide him to a personal and intense realisation 
 of the life of Christ, heralded by the preparation 
 of the law and the prophets, fulfilled now as in 
 old time in the growth of His body, the Church. 
 They can inspire him with a sense of the far- 
 reaching dignity of his calling as the interpreter 
 of the Divine counsels, as well as the minister of 
 the Divine love so that he will pass to the 
 special preparation for his work, knowing that 
 he is the inheritor of a life and not of a system, 
 of a life which is the pledge of the unity of all 
 that is seen and temporal with that which is 
 unseen and eternal. 
 
 We first come to feel that religion is the 
 harmonious synthesis of all thought, all know- 
 ledge, all action, when we see how different 
 methods correspond to the varieties of subject- 
 matter which fall within our cognisance. We 
 first come to feel that Christianity is inherently 
 exempt from the law of decay when we see how 
 
94 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 it rests upon facts which are both real and 
 infinite. 
 
 At no time could this view of the range of 
 the ministerial work- this searching examination 
 of the historic foundations of the Christian life 
 which I have endeavoured to describe, rightly 
 be dispensed with; but at present our most 
 confident hope of the future triumphs of faith 
 lies in the return to what may seem to be its 
 first elements. Every sign indicates that we are 
 approaching an epoch when Christianity will 
 take a new development. Once again the rule 
 and power of the fresh growth must be sought 
 in the Gospel of the Resurrection ; the mode and 
 impulse in the past victories of the Church. It 
 is obvious that the problems about which men 
 are most deeply moved in England now are 
 social and not individual; concrete and not ab- 
 stract ; questions of action and not of opinion. 
 And if we look back we shall see that it is in 
 this direction that we may expect our faith to 
 assert its vitality. God, man, humanity ; autho- 
 rity, individualism, solidarity; such seems to be 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. 95 
 
 the succession of idea and organisation. When 
 the Roman empire was overthrown and a new 
 sovereign power had to be fashioned, the energy 
 of Christendom was concentrated for two centu- 
 ries on the determination of the doctrines of the 
 Holy Trinity and of the Incarnation. When 
 the kingdoms of modern Europe were taking 
 shape, and the treasures of Greek thought were 
 again opened to the world, for a like space men 
 were absorbed in the debates on personal free- 
 dom and justification. Now, when the political 
 life of peoples is more widely quickened, when 
 physical inquiries have laid open some of the 
 subtle bonds by which we are united to one 
 another and to the material universe, our ques- 
 tionings take another turn. However carefully 
 we guard all that we have received as duly 
 established in regard to ecclesiastical order and 
 individual liberty, all that we have received as 
 duly defined in regard to the being of God and 
 the nature of man, we still find that we inquire, 
 as others about us are inquiring, whether Chris- 
 tianity has any authoritative teaching on the 
 
96 777^ UNIVERSITIES, &c. 
 
 discipline of life, the organisation of society and 
 of labour, the intercourse of nations; whether, 
 that is, there is a social development of Christian 
 doctrine, as there have been theological and 
 anthropological developments. If we believe 
 that the Word was made flesh, if we believe that 
 Christ died and rose again, if we believe that in 
 Him are summed up all things in heaven and 
 earth, we cannot doubt what the answer must 
 be, though we may long sadly wait for it. 
 
 Meanwhile, if the student of theology can be 
 led to see at the University, at the outset of his 
 course, what is the scientific position, what is 
 the foundation, what is the life of his faith, he 
 will be prepared in some degree for the new 
 task of construction which lies before him. He 
 will have still to learn, elsew r here, other lessons, 
 lessons of spiritual power; but he will have 
 learnt that lesson which will make all those that 
 come after parts of a vital whole. 
 
V. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE IN- 
 TELLECTUAL TRAINING OF THE 
 CLERGY. 
 
 w. s. 
 
Read at the Ely Diocesan Conference^ 
 Oct. 24, 1871. 
 
V. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE INTELLECTUAL 
 TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. 
 
 I HAVE endeavoured to shew in the preceding 
 paper that the training of Candidates for Holy 
 Orders is naturally divided into two parts, and 
 that these two parts are best fulfilled at different 
 centres. There must be first an intellectual 
 training, in which the student may be led to 
 see clearly the relation in which Theology 
 stands to the other sciences, and disciplined 
 in the rigorous criticism of the original records 
 of his historic faith ; and there must be after- 
 wards a pastoral training, in which he may 
 grow acquainted with practical methods of 
 teaching and learn to minister to the wants 
 of individual men. The first of these finds its 
 proper home in the Universities : the second 
 can, I believe, be best organised by a Cathedral 
 body. If now we confine our attention to our 
 
 72 
 
IOO THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 own University it is evident that the reconstruc- 
 tion of our Theological Examinations offers a 
 good opportunity for considering the general 
 plan on which the training of Candidates for 
 Holy Orders should be conducted, and those parts 
 of it especially which naturally fall within the 
 province of the Universities. All circumstances 
 seem to be favourable for combined action. 
 There is, I know, in Cambridge, a most hearty 
 desire, on the part of Tutors and Professors, to 
 unite in providing efficient instruction in all the 
 subjects which are included in the examinations 
 in Divinity ; and, on the other hand, there is 
 every reason to hope that Cathedral bodies will 
 be supported in any effort which they can make 
 to guide the later work of candidates for the 
 diaconate, and of the younger clergy generally. 
 
 The conditions are favourable to co-operation 
 between these two great bodies to which the 
 training of the Candidates for Holy Orders is 
 properly committed ; and I venture to think 
 that we have hitherto suffered greatly from the 
 want of it. There are many subjects included 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. IOI 
 
 in the course of a young theological student 
 with which the Universities can deal more 
 thoroughly than the examining council of the 
 Bishop. And the episcopal examination would 
 gain immeasurably (I must believe) in efficiency 
 and solemnity if it were less scholastic and of a 
 narrower range. Our present method of train- 
 ing candidates for Holy Orders, if it can be 
 called a method, is hasty and partial ; it has 
 very little fitness for inspiring men with the 
 desire to pursue the inquiries on which they 
 have entered : it offers no scope for testing the 
 teaching power of the student himself: it gives 
 no place for adequate probation, no opportunity 
 for seasonable withdrawal from uncongenial 
 work. It is dispersive, perfunctory, unsympa- 
 thetic, unsuggestive, unpractical. 
 
 This is a long and grave indictment, but I 
 think that those who have taken part in the 
 examinations for Holy Orders will allow that 
 it is essentially true. Many candidates, no 
 doubt, are happily able to shape a course 
 for themselves, and nearly all are full of zeal 
 
102 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 and devotion ; but for the most part they are 
 burdened with the contents of text-books, and 
 embarrassed by the multiplicity of subjects with 
 which they have to deal ; they are destitute of 
 a clear view of the mutual relations and ab- 
 solute importance of the constituent parts of 
 their science : they are uncertain as to the ele- 
 mentary principles of criticism, and unfurnished 
 with a clue to guide them in later work. As a 
 natural consequence, they are impatient to give 
 up pursuits which they have not seen in vital 
 connection with their pastoral charge. The 
 priest ceases to be a student, and unconsciously 
 leaves one great part of his office unfulfilled. 
 It is of course impossible to point out in detail 
 how all these evils might (as far as I can be 
 judge) be removed or lessened; how a series 
 of graduated examinations might take the place 
 of the present duplicate or triplicate examina- 
 tions ; how an ordinary student at Cambridge 
 (for example) might be made to feel that from 
 his first admission to the University he had 
 entered on a definite course of instruction, lead- 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. 1 03 
 
 ing up in order by succession to the subjects 
 reserved for candidates for the Priesthood ; how 
 catechetical lectures on an extended scale might 
 test and impress the results of reading; how 
 such a method might naturally kindle some- 
 thing of professional enthusiasm, while it would 
 preserve large and varied sympathies. And 
 there is nothing unattainable, nothing even 
 difficult of attainment in all this. But not to 
 .enter upon these wider questions, I will only 
 select two topics as to which more might be 
 done for candidates for Holy Orders, with a 
 view to their public ministrations as teachers, 
 than is yet done (i) The exposition of Holy 
 Scripture ; and (ii) The use of Church History. 
 
 i. Considerably more than half of our 
 Morning and Evening Prayer is taken up 
 with passages from Holy Scripture, Canticles, 
 Psalms, Lessons. There is no one of us, I 
 suppose, who has not felt the richness of the 
 mine thus opened to him, and who has not 
 also felt its darkness. We are constrained, as 
 it were, to heap up around us the precious ore, 
 
IO4 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 but we are not trained habitually to prepare 
 it for use. How few of us clergymen under- 
 stand the Psalter. How few of us can attach 
 any real meaning to large sections of the Pro- 
 phets. And for the people the reading must 
 often be like the recitation of a charm, in an 
 unknown tongue, instead of a stirring of the 
 spiritual consciousness by the voice of God 
 speaking through clear lessons of the past. It 
 is not, I think, easy to overrate the loss and 
 the harm which is thus incurred. The minister 
 cannot but feel that the Divine message which 
 is committed to him day by day is only par- 
 tially delivered, and the congregation fall insen- 
 sibly into the practice of substituting isolated 
 phrases which they can understand, for the ful- 
 ness of the teaching of Scripture. We rejoice 
 rightly in the appeal which is constantly made 
 in our services to the open Bible, but we are 
 content to forego some of the highest blessings 
 which an open Bible can bring. Something 
 more is wanted than the elaborate treatment 
 of a text. We want to be guided to the con- 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. 1 05 
 
 tinuous sense of chapters and books. And it is 
 difficult to see how we can consistently condemn 
 prayers in an unknown tongue, and continue 
 readings which require and do not receive inter- 
 pretation. 
 
 Yet the obvious remedy is in no way alien 
 from the spirit of our services. Some injunc- 
 tions issued by Queen Elizabeth to the Eastern 
 Cathedrals prescribed that after the first lesson 
 the minister should give an exposition openly 
 in the Choir. I do not know whether the direc- 
 tion was ever obeyed ; but the introduction of 
 the New Lectionary may supply an occasion 
 for the modified adoption of a usage which 
 might be of inestimable good. In the meantime 
 it is in our power to give greater definiteness 
 and prominence to the study and practice of 
 exegesis in the training of the Clergy. 
 
 In the regular course of reading at Cam- 
 bridge, a candidate for the ordinary degree of 
 B.A., through the Special Theological Exam- 
 ination, is required to master the contents of 
 the Old Testament, and two Gospels, the Acts 
 
IO6 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 of the Apostles, and two Epistles in the original 
 Greek. It is evident that by some little arrange- 
 ment the preparation of these subjects might 
 be made to secure a fair acquaintance with the 
 chief facts in Biblical criticism, with the group- 
 ings and characteristics of the different books 
 of the Bible, with the relation of Scripture to 
 other cognate writings. And, what is of far 
 greater importance, I believe that even an in- 
 different scholar could be led in the way to feel 
 what precious results he can himself gain by the 
 faithful and independent use of his own slender 
 power. 
 
 And here it will be seen that some division 
 in the vast subject of Scriptural study might be 
 made with the greatest advantage. All that is 
 included in the term " Introduction" naturally 
 belongs to the work of the University, and the 
 University could give a guarantee for an ade- 
 quate acquaintance with this part of the field. 
 If such a guarantee were accepted by the Bishop, 
 the candidate for the Diaconate would be able 
 to concentrate his attention on a thorough pre- 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. IO/ 
 
 paration of some one or two books, which would 
 then supply him with large materials in a form 
 ready for his future ministrations. And in most 
 cases the young deacon might be encouraged to 
 take for continuous exposition the subjects se- 
 lected for his examination for the priesthood. 
 It is obvious how much the candidate and the 
 congregation would gain at once, if the serious 
 labour of preparation were thus made to contri- 
 bute directly to the fulfilment of ministerial 
 work. And for the future the teacher would 
 obtain that perception of the infinite depth of 
 Holy Scripture, which he could not lose after- 
 wards. The later instruction of the pastor, who 
 would be a student also, would then remain 
 Scriptural in the highest sense, as giving the 
 rich variety of the Divine methods and counsels 
 and not those fragments of them which hap- 
 pened to be most consonant with his own feel- 
 ings or wants. 
 
 ii. I have placed the use of Church History 
 as the second subject to which greater attention 
 should be paid with a view to the more efficient 
 
108 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 ministrations of our clergy. If the Old Testa- 
 ment can only be understood rightly when it 
 is regarded as a prophetic preparation for the 
 Gospel wrought out in many parts and in many 
 fashions : so also the progress of the Church is 
 most truly the life of the Risen Christ, clouded, 
 marred, half hidden it may be, but never inter- 
 rupted or suspended. We have suffered indeed 
 grievously by cancelling or trying to cancel the 
 medieval period in our own spiritual descent. 
 But the time has come when we can claim our 
 whole inheritance and use it. In this respect 
 the outline of bur University course needs revi- 
 sion. The periods commonly selected for study 
 among us the first three centuries and the 
 English Reformation tend to confirm the dis- 
 astrous error which I have just noticed. But 
 the necessary modifications could be easily 
 made. A fair acquaintance with the broad 
 outlines of the history of the Church and a 
 thorough knowledge of some episode in it, might 
 be obtained in the preparation for the ordinary 
 degree. The latter exercise is as essential as 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. IOQ 
 
 the former. The mastering of abstracts must 
 be supplemented by the study of some origi- 
 nal documents, and if one or more alternative 
 lives were offered, the student might select that 
 which was according to his natural bent. But 
 in some way he must be brought into personal 
 contact with the heroes of Christendom. A few 
 pages of Eusebius or Socrates : a few letters of 
 Grosseteste : a volume of Luther's Table Talk, 
 help us to live in a past very different from that 
 which our imagination creates for the second 
 or the fourth or the thirteenth or the sixteenth 
 centuries. 
 
 Here again the whole range to be covered 
 might be conveniently distributed between the 
 University and the Episcopal Examinations. 
 Without entering into details, I may say that it 
 appears to me that the treatment of the subject 
 should grow more and more minute and special, 
 so that in the immediate preparation for the 
 diaconate and the priesthood the student should 
 be brought into the closest possible connection 
 with the spiritual life of some great saint, from 
 
HO THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 which he might draw inspiration and guidance 
 for himself. 
 
 But however the subject is dealt with, I 
 cannot but insist upon the need of making it 
 vital and practical. If the exposition of Scrip- 
 ture is a necessary part of the work of the 
 Christian teacher, I do not think that the ex- 
 position of Church History is in the present 
 crisis less necessary. It is required alike by 
 laity and clergy. Some of our most dangerous 
 errors, some of our most depressing doubts would 
 be removed if we could learn to look on earlier 
 seasons of conflict and trial through the eyes of 
 those who witnessed them. We should be less 
 inclined to waste our strength on anachronisms 
 if we could see from the orderly growth of the 
 Christian Body, through periods of bitter sorrow 
 and reproof, that new works are prepared for us 
 to do which demand all our energies. We 
 should be less inclined to distrust the future if 
 we could see that God is no less present with us 
 by His Spirit now than He has been with His 
 Church always. 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. Ill 
 
 But if the minister is to use these studies, as 
 we assume, for the instruction of his people, he 
 must cultivate the power of speaking. The 
 exposition and the sketch must be given freely, 
 with every facility for developing, retouching, 
 illustrating, repeating, according to the effect at 
 the moment. How this power is to be culti- 
 vated, how the exercises by which it is to be tried 
 can be made real, how they can be invested with 
 interest, I do not venture to say. This work 
 belongs rather to the pastoral training of the 
 Cathedral than to the intellectual training of the 
 University. Yet even here it is possible that 
 the old institution of Acts could be restored 
 under new conditions. But, at least, if the ob- 
 ject is once recognised, those who are qualified 
 to suggest the true method of attaining it will 
 not refuse their help. 
 
 So far I have spoken of some parts of the 
 training of the clergy in which they might be 
 made more efficient for their public ministra- 
 tions, but I have said nothing as to the supply 
 of clergy. Indeed I do not think that there is 
 
112 THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE 
 
 any fear that the number of fit men ready to 
 devote their lives to clerical work will fall short 
 if the work be presented in its full range and 
 dignity. If the supply be interrupted it will be 
 because the duties of the office are not fairly set 
 forth. It cannot but be that a ministry will 
 always attract as many labourers as it can 
 occupy, which is shown to offer scope for the 
 freest exercise of thought, for the widest power 
 of organisation, for the tenderest services of 
 love, not for one kind of endowment only but 
 for all. The higher the standard is fixed, the 
 larger the claims that are made, the ampler the 
 variety of gifts which is required, the more ready 
 will men be to offer to Christ powers of mind 
 and experience and affection. 
 
 For, however much it may be urged that the 
 scheme of training which I have had in view is 
 too ambitious for* ordinary candidates in holy 
 orders, I cannot admit for an instant the force of 
 the objection. We get little because we ask 
 little ; and we shall get whatever we ask, know- 
 ing in Whose Name and for Whom we ask it. 
 
TRAINING OF THE CLERGY. I I'J 
 
 But there is yet one point in this connection 
 on which I wish to add a few words. I have 
 said that I do not think that the supply of 
 our regular clergy will fail, unless we hamper 
 and misrepresent their work; but I do not 
 think that they can ever give, or ever ought 
 to give, all the spiritual instruction which the 
 congregation requires. We must make vigorous 
 endeavours to supplement our regular clergy by 
 organized volunteers. Already a beginning has 
 been made in this diocese by the appointment 
 of readers ; but the order must be increased and 
 widened if we wish to reach the population of 
 towns. And in saying this I do not contem- 
 plate a body of men who shall give up their 
 whole time to visiting or teaching, but those 
 rather who will undertake to do, with proper 
 authority, some small yet definite work without 
 abandoning their proper calling. It is, I believe, 
 in this direction that we need most to seek 
 recruits for a larger Christian ministry. There 
 is abundant authority for such an institution in 
 antiquity. There is abundant proof of its effi- 
 w.s. 8 
 
114 THE UNIVERSITIES, <Srv. 
 
 ciency in the experience of modern Christian 
 societies. We want deaconesses, and class-lead- 
 ers, and lay-preachers on a large scale. We 
 have not at present gained the active sympathy 
 of the artisans or smaller tradesmen, in part 
 because we have not used their due co-operation 
 in our work. Still there are manifold offices 
 which they can discharge, and they, better than 
 any; and our conferences can fulfil no more 
 useful function than that of calling out and 
 organizing the offers of lay assistance in spiritual 
 offices. 
 
 Just as theology takes up into itself all 
 knowledge, and grows with the advance of the 
 sciences, which it crowns by its peculiar truths, 
 so the Christian ministry claims the recognised 
 services of every part of the body, which, in turn, 
 are consecrated by the divine commission of 
 those who are set apart for it. The ideal of this 
 catholicity of teaching, of this catholicity of 
 service, is most noble, and I do not see that the 
 attainment of it is in any way beyond hope. 
 
VI. 
 
 THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 AT CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 S 2 
 
Read at the Church Congress at Leeds, 
 Oct. 10, 1872. 
 
VI. 
 
 THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 AT CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 IT is natural that all who are interested in 
 religious education should look at present with 
 some anxiety to the future of our ancient Uni- 
 versities. Important changes in the character 
 and course of the studies for which the great 
 academic prizes are offered, have almost coin- 
 cided in time with the general removal of the 
 dogmatic restrictions which were formerly laid 
 upon those who sought them. The anxiety is 
 natural, and it is not groundless. There can be 
 no doubt that the widening of the range of 
 reading, and the abolition of tests in the Univer- 
 sities, have imposed new conditions of labour 
 upon those of us to whom specific religious 
 teaching within them is committed. We cannot 
 realize these conditions too soon; and if I shall 
 
Il8 THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 
 endeavour to shew that the actual circumstances 
 in which we are placed open to us fresh oppor- 
 tunities for apprehending the fulness of our 
 charge, and fresh motives for fulfilling it, I shall 
 do so, not because I underrate the magnitude of 
 the crisis, but for the very reason that I believe 
 that we are now brought to the real trial of our 
 faith. I shall do so, because I feel that the 
 truth which we have to interpret must, if inter- 
 preted rightly, combine, co-ordinate, harmonize 
 all the varied elements of human thought and 
 knowledge; and that, therefore, it is beneficent 
 necessity which constrains us to take a wider 
 range in our survey of the facts of life : because 
 I feel, when I look back upon the history of 
 religious progress, that it may be through such 
 intellectual and social movements as have at 
 least reached us, that we shall best learn the 
 lessons which GOD in His Providence is waiting 
 to teach our generation: because, in a word, I 
 feel that we are thus placed face to face with 
 some of the greatest problems of the time, under 
 circumstances which give a hope at least of 
 
AT CAMBRIDGE. 119 
 
 their partial solution. This hope it is which I 
 desire to bring prominently forward. And that 
 it may have a substantial basis, we must be 
 careful not to exaggerate the nature of the 
 changes which have been made in the Univer- 
 sities. Regret is apt to make us blind; and the 
 keen sense of what is lost dulls the power of 
 seeing what remains. It has certainly been so 
 with those who speak of the Universities as 
 secularised. The fact is that henceforward the 
 Universities and colleges present a two-fold cha- 
 racter. So far as they are regarded in their 
 individual members, they have no standard of 
 opinion; but as societies they retain exactly 
 the same religious character as they have had 
 since the Reformation. Difficulties may per- 
 haps arise hereafter in adjusting the claims of 
 the individual with the claims of the society, but 
 it is needless to dwell on these by anticipation. 
 Experience has shown in other cases that a 
 distinct religious character in the body can be 
 reconciled with complete personal liberty. This 
 then is the position which we have to make 
 
12O THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 
 good. The changes in the constitution of the 
 Universities might have been such as to render 
 efficient religious action through their organisa- 
 tion impossible. If their religious character had 
 been taken away from them; if restrictions had 
 been imposed upon the freedom of religious 
 teaching within their limits; if the prescribed 
 religious teaching had been colourless, then I 
 can well believe that those to whom the faith 
 is justly more precious than all treasures be- 
 sides, might have regarded them rather as fields, 
 so to speak, of missionary enterprise than as 
 societies through which they could work. But 
 as it is, the Act which abolishes religious tests 
 .distinctly recognises and ratifies all that is 
 essential to the true religious character of the 
 Universities. The old epithets, hallowed by the 
 memories of a thousand years, are solemnly 
 rehearsed. Regular religious services are con- 
 firmed as a necessary part of the corporate life 
 of all existing colleges. Provision is made that 
 adequate religious instruction shall be furnished 
 in them for students who belong to the Esta- 
 
AT CAMBRIDGE. 121 
 
 blished Church. Offices which were restricted to 
 persons in holy orders remain, so far as this Act 
 is concerned, restricted as before. Special dog- 
 matic tests are retained for those graduates who 
 desire to enter the theological faculty. The pre- 
 amble of the Act describes its scope as being the 
 extension of the benefits "of the Universities... 
 (and of the colleges and halls now subsisting 
 therein) as places of religion and learning" to 
 the whole nation... "under proper safeguard for 
 the maintenance of religious instruction and 
 worship."... It is said, I know, that these re- 
 servations to which we point are temporary 
 and provisional ; that in a few years whatever 
 yet remains to connect the national Church 
 with the Universities will be swept away; that 
 worship will cease to be a common act; that 
 dogmatic instruction will become obsolete; that 
 clerical fellowships will be abolished ; that theo- 
 logy will sink into the position of a purely 
 literary pursuit. I can only reply that I see no 
 ground for such anticipations in the existent 
 state of feeling at Cambridge. But there are 
 
122 THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 
 prophecies which have a fatal tendency to fulfil 
 themselves; and if churchmen now act as if their 
 fears were realised; if they isolate themselves; 
 if they make no demands upon college teaching; 
 if they shrink from reinforcing the ranks of the 
 theological faculty; it is hard to see on what 
 plea provisions can be retained which will be- 
 come practically useless. For the present we 
 have all that we require for successful activity; 
 and successful activity will justify the position 
 which we still hold. This being so, we are in no 
 way concerned with the spirit in which some 
 advocates of the late Act pressed its adoption 
 and interpret its scope. Nor, on the other hand, 
 do we dwell despondingly upon lost oppor- 
 tunities, which were, most unhappily, in a great 
 measure unused, and therefore lost. We loyally 
 accept the legislation which regulates the mode 
 of our future action. We confidently trust to 
 the enactments which preserve inviolate the 
 religious character of our society as a whole. 
 If we recall the greater privileges which have 
 been swept away, it is that we may profit by 
 
AT CAMBRIDGE. 12$ 
 
 the sibylline warning, and show that we rightly 
 value, and desire to rightly use, those which are 
 as yet assured to us. 
 
 This necessity will be forced upon us both 
 by nobler obligations, and by the simple fact 
 that we shall henceforth do our work more and 
 more in the immediate presence of the most 
 accomplished Nonconformist scholars. Perhaps 
 we have needed the incentive; and it is not 
 hard to see how the addition of a fresh body 
 of students, who will naturally be for the most 
 part laborious, grave, and simple in their habits, 
 will be of the highest service to the Universities. 
 This fresh element may in some degree counter- 
 act the growing luxury of our life, and bring 
 back into due prominence the idea, which we 
 have well-nigh lost, that the Universities are 
 not clubs for the rich and indolent, but, above 
 all things, places for devout self-denial and 
 labour. In this respect we have much to learn 
 from the social organisation of some of the 
 isolated Christian societies around us ; and if 
 the lessons are brought before us in the equal 
 
124 THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 
 and candid intercourse of university life, there 
 is good promise that they will be under such 
 circumstances most happily mastered and ap- 
 propriated. The season is, no doubt, one of 
 trial, but the conditions of the trial are not 
 likely to grow more favourable if we shrink from 
 adapting ourselves to them. We must use what 
 we wish to keep exactly in proportion as we 
 value our vantage-ground : we must employ it 
 in the service of our faith. If it be lost, the 
 responsibility of the loss rests with us. In the 
 meantime, there is not, as far as my own ex- 
 perience goes, the least reason why, in conse- 
 quence of recent changes, the atmosphere of the 
 Universities should be less spiritual than it has 
 been; why the beliefs which they gender and 
 shape should be less firm or less distinct; why 
 the life which they fashion and present should 
 be less religious ; but there is great reason why 
 the ministers of Christ who find their work in 
 them should fulfil their part with unwearied 
 patience and with unfailing faith; there is great 
 reason why all who love them, love them for the 
 
AT CAMBRIDGE. 125 
 
 services they have rendered for long ages to 
 GOD and to His truth, should encourage and 
 inspire those who wish to preserve their ancient 
 character by confidence and sympathy. Let it 
 not be forgotten that the distrust of those to 
 whom we look for help will paralyse even the 
 strivings of faith. 
 
 It follows from what has been said that re- 
 cent legislation need not prejudice the character 
 of the Universities as places of religious education 
 in the widest sense, if only those who duly value 
 religious education loyally and hopefully use what 
 they still have. But our thoughts here are neces- 
 sarily turned with chief interest to the particular 
 office which the Universities have hitherto dis- 
 charged as training places of candidates for holy 
 orders. Is there, then, any ground for fearing that 
 they will hereafter be less fitted for this work than 
 they have been ? Must we, with however great 
 sorrow, look forward to the time when the 
 future clergy of our Church will no longer find 
 in the studies which we pursue, in the discipline 
 which we enforce, the true preparation for their 
 
126 THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 
 ministry ? I cannot, of course, venture to an- 
 swer such questions, except so far as my own 
 personal knowledge furnishes me with a reply ; 
 but when I compare the Cambridge of to-day 
 with the Cambridge of five-and-twenty years 
 ago, I do not scruple to say that the young 
 theological student will find greater intellectual 
 and spiritual advantages now than then ; that 
 he will find more efficient help, more personal 
 sympathy, more watchful guidance. 
 
 But we must not in this respect unduly 
 extend the office of the University. We must 
 not be eager to anticipate there what belongs to 
 a later period of ministerial preparation. That 
 which the candidate for holy orders ought to 
 look for at the University is intellectual training. 
 His pastoral training belongs to another sphere. 
 But it is of the gravest moment for his spiritual 
 work what his intellectual training is. It must, 
 to be worthy of the name, be such as to furnish 
 him with a solid foundation for his special 
 studies : it must be such as to place him in 
 vital and intelligent connection, not only with 
 
AT CAMBRIDGE. I2/ 
 
 the past but with the present: it must be such 
 as to encourage him in every detail to look for 
 truth and to welcome it from every quarter: it 
 must be such as to expand and deepen the 
 healthy energy and power of his higher life. 
 
 It is, perhaps, most difficult to judge dis- 
 passionately of that in which our own affections 
 are centered ; but I do believe that the candidate 
 for holy orders w r ill find these requirements 
 satisfied among us. I will not repeat remarks 
 which I made on a former occasion as to what 
 appear to me to be the necessary foundations 
 of all theological science, the free, devout, un- 
 tiring study of Holy Scripture and of history. 
 These studies the Universities have rightly 
 placed in the forefront of their theological 
 course. They can never be exhausted : they 
 can never be barren. Again and again the 
 young scholar will return to them as to a rest- 
 ing-place for faith, which experience will only 
 make more firm and more fruitful. 
 
 At the same time, the Universities place the 
 candidates for holy orders in- a living relation- 
 
128 THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 
 ship with the whole present world of thought. 
 Let me endeavour to explain my meaning as 
 briefly as I can. The peculiar difficulties which 
 beset faith now seem to spring from two sources 
 from supposed consequences of the study of 
 physics, and from supposed consequences of the 
 study of life. It is argued, on the one hand, to 
 put the case in the broadest light, that we are 
 placed under a system of inevitable sequences ; 
 and, on the other, that the forms of religious 
 belief are functions, so to speak, of particular 
 stages of human progress, individual or national. 
 The problems which arrange themselves under 
 these two heads are unquestionably grave and 
 urgent. They are problems which Christian stu- 
 dents alone, as I believe, can solve, so far as it 
 is given to man as yet to solve them ; and they 
 are problems which all Christian students who 
 desire to see far into the depths of the Gospel 
 ought to face. 
 
 For it is the especial glory of the Gospel that 
 it deals, and deals necessarily, not only with the 
 individual but also with the society, with the 
 
AT CAMBRIDGE. 1 29 
 
 race, with the world. The great conceptions of 
 the solidarity of life and the continuity of 
 life are not simply independent productions of 
 modern speculation ; they are plainly written in 
 the words of St. Paul and St. John; they are 
 inherent in the facts of the Gospel history. 
 Later discoveries, wider generalisations, larger 
 experience, have at length illuminated these old 
 truths; and so the Christian teachers of the 
 coming generation are called with a Divine 
 voice, which cannot be mistaken, to bring their 
 message to bear upon the social questions which 
 rise out of them. They are called, in other 
 words, to exercise again the privilege of a 
 spiritual power in concentrating, guiding, fulfil- 
 ling the latest desires and aspirations of men. 
 
 If this be so, the very conflict of opinions, 
 the very rivalry of studies, the very boldness 
 and enthusiasm which belong to our actual Uni- 
 versity life, will, by God's blessing, minister to 
 the growth and armament of faith. Neither in 
 morals nor theology is ignorance the surest safe- 
 guard of lasting purity. Faith (our Christian 
 w. s. 9 
 
130 THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 
 faith) can, I am sure, use the conscious or un- 
 conscious services of every labourer for truth. 
 It can claim and consecrate tribute from every 
 region of the universe. It can move inviolate 
 through every element and leave a blessing 
 behind it. Faith is blanched and impoverished 
 not in light but in darkness. It gains strength 
 in the air and sunshine. Then it is crippled, 
 dishonoured, imperilled, when it is isolated, 
 when its supremacy is circumscribed, when its 
 fresh springs of knowledge are stopped up. The 
 true divine must be in sympathy with every 
 science: the true son of faith is emphatically 
 a son of light. I cannot, then, but believe that 
 it is an inestimable advantage for students of 
 theology that they should accomplish the first 
 stages of their work in the closest intercourse 
 with those who are engaged in other fields of 
 labour, and guided by other methods of inquiry. 
 By so doing, and hardly in any other way, will 
 they become intelligently conversant with the 
 adverse forces which they have to meet: they 
 will find scattered treasures, which fall under 
 
A T CAMBRIDGE. 1 3 I 
 
 their own domain. There may be some ship- 
 wrecks of faith in this mental commerce: the 
 great deeps of thought cannot, in our imperfect 
 state, be traversed without peril; but, on the 
 whole, faith will grow stronger, and the inter- 
 pretation of faith will grow wider and richer as 
 the manifold relations of Christianity with every 
 fragment of life become more clearly seen. And 
 this wider vision cannot but be best gained in 
 the Universities, where every form of intellectual 
 activity ought to be freshest and most energetic. 
 In saying this, I do not wish to deny that some 
 dangerous tendencies have spread rapidly in the 
 Universities as elsewhere during the last few 
 years. I do not wish to deny that there is 
 much restlessness and impatience in speculation : 
 that there is some thoughtful and some super- 
 ficial scepticism at Cambridge; but these tend- 
 encies are not the special product of the Uni- 
 versities, though they first reveal themselves 
 there. They belong to a peculiar crisis in human 
 progress, to a peculiar phase of society, to a 
 peculiar stage in individual development. No 
 
 92 
 
I3 2 THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 
 seminary walls can exclude their influence. 
 Sooner or later, our clergy will have to contend 
 with them ; and it is better that they should be 
 first met when they can be calmly interrogated 
 than that they should come as a surprise, when 
 their opponents will be forced into a position of 
 blind antagonism. There is, then, I venture to 
 repeat, nothing in the constitution of University 
 society, nothing in the freedom and width of 
 University studies as they are now organised, 
 which is necessarily antagonistic to the healthy 
 development of religious life, nothing which may 
 not be made to conduce to the right disciplining 
 of a Christian minister. This freedom and 
 breadth will furnish our candidates for holy 
 orders with abundant occasions for self-control, 
 for patience, for effort; but not without the 
 promise of victory. They will impose upon 
 our teachers the duty of unwearied watchfulness 
 and care, of open-eyed and open-hearted sym- 
 pathy, of strong and tender love, but not with- 
 out the promise of a rich harvest. For the 
 present we must be content with the promise. 
 
AT CAMBRIDGE. 133 
 
 It is premature to speak as yet of the results 
 of the system of introductory reading which has 
 been laid down for the new Theological Tripos at 
 Cambridge; but it is not too much to believe 
 that the close and thorough study of Holy 
 Scripture, the familiar acquaintance with ori- 
 ginal records of Christian life and thought, the 
 investigation of the gradual determination of 
 doctrine which it enjoins, may be so guided as 
 to prepare men to fulfil what I have indicated 
 as the immediate work of our English Church: 
 men who will hold fast all that they have 
 received as the condition of fresh acquisitions: 
 men who will know that growth is the sure sign 
 of the vitality of faith : men who will have learnt 
 by living experience that the Holy Spirit does 
 not speak only at one time or in one way : men 
 who will have the courage to assert and the 
 wisdom to show that the Christian revelation 
 reaches to and transfigures all that lies open 
 to man in action or thought. These great hopes 
 may not be fulfilled; but at least they are 
 neither far- fetched nor unreasonable: they give 
 
134 THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 
 strength for work which is often discouraging 
 and always difficult : they carry with them, while 
 they are still warm, some power of accomplish- 
 ment: they fairly ask for support from all who 
 remember with gratitude what they gained at 
 the Universities of lofty and generous feeling, of 
 wise and candid conviction; from all who have 
 learnt by experience what the Universities can 
 hereafter do for those who shall carry on with 
 richer success what they have been able to begin 
 for the Church of England and for the Church 
 Catholic. It is quite possible that the view 
 which I have endeavoured to give of the pros- 
 pects of religious education at Cambridge may 
 appear to some to be too bright ; but I can only 
 set down the impressions which I have myself 
 received during the last two years. In the 
 course of that time I have seen a large body 
 of the younger men among us, including many 
 of the highest University distinctions, unite 
 themselves in a society upon the basis of com^ 
 munion with the Church of England, with the 
 twofold object, to quote their own w r ords, of 
 
AT CAMBRIDGE. 135 
 
 " increasing the number of devoted and duly 
 prepared workers in the cause of Christ, both 
 clerical and lay, who go forth from the Uni- 
 versity," and "of promoting unity within the 
 Church of England, to the extent of their op- 
 portunities 1 ." I have seen the college tutors 
 heartily and unanimously combine to provide 
 efficient public instruction in the subjects pro- 
 posed for the Theological Tripos, while two 
 colleges (Trinity and Emmanuel) have appoint- 
 ed distinguished scholars without their own 
 bodies to Theological Prselectorships. I have 
 seen residents of the highest standing and of 
 the most varied shades of opinion generously 
 support the endeavour to give a substantive 
 
 1 The Cambridge University Church Society. The words 
 are quoted from a paper by " One of the Promoters." In the 
 rules of the society its objects are described as being "to foster 
 a deep and earnest resolve to devote time and energy in after 
 life to Christian study and Christian work ; to gain clearer views 
 as to what are the special needs of the age, and as to the man- 
 ner in which Christ's Gospel may be employed to supply them ; 
 to promote mutual charity and a sense of unity of purpose 
 among all who have really at heart the furtherance of Christ's 
 kingdom upon earth." The condition of membership is a writ- 
 ten declaration that those who seek it are "regular communi- 
 cants in the Church of England." 
 
136 THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 
 reality to Theological degrees, and to facilitate 
 common action on the part of the members 
 of the Theological Faculty. It is then impossi- 
 ble not to set these facts against the causes 
 for anxiety which I do not attempt to dissemble. 
 And there is this important difference between 
 them. The causes for anxiety spring rather 
 from the general tone of modern thought than 
 from anything characteristic of the Universities 
 themselves as they are now constituted : our 
 encouragements, on the other hand, are due 
 to the personal feelings of those with whom 
 we have to work. But even if the circumstances 
 under which we are called to act were far less 
 favourable, it would still be our clear duty 
 to recognise the Universities as the highest seats 
 of religious education, till they abjure the title, 
 and to work in the sure belief that they may, 
 by God's help, be made to fulfil this, their 
 noblest function, more and more perfectly. It 
 would be a disastrous day for England, and for 
 Christendom, if the candidates for the ministry 
 of our Church were withdrawn in any large 
 
AT CAMBRIDGE. 137 
 
 numbers from the chastening influences of wide 
 and liberal discipline in a society as free and 
 varied as that in which they will be called to 
 exercise their ministry. No one can feel more 
 deeply than I do the infinite importance of 
 cultivating the spiritual life: no one can prize 
 more highly the deposit of Christian doctrine 
 which has been committed to our keeping; but 
 I believe that our gravest religious dangers at 
 the present time proceed, not from any prospec- 
 tive decay of personal devotion, not from any 
 abandonment of the old landmarks of faith, but 
 from the want of knowledge ancl the want of 
 wisdom. We cannot shut our eyes to the specu- 
 lative and social questions which day by day 
 call more urgently for solution. We cannot 
 doubt that a body which claims to be a spiritual 
 power, and not merely a hierarchical caste, must 
 accept the responsibility of meeting them. And 
 they must be met not with answers which were 
 shaped to meet other conditions, but with "new 
 things" from the treasury of God. They 
 must be dealt with not simply from with- 
 
138 THE ACTUAL STATE OF THINGS 
 
 out, but on the basis of intelligent sympathy, as 
 phenomena of that vaster social life in which 
 we all share and by which we are all moved. 
 They present, in a word, the field on which we 
 can accept, in the name and in the strength 
 of our faith, the challenge which is thrown down 
 to us on many sides, and show that the facts 
 of the Incarnation, the Passion, the Resurrec- 
 tion of Christ, contain that which will meet the 
 wants of the latest age. This is our peculiar 
 work as Christian teachers, and the work of 
 those who come after us. That we and they 
 may grow familiar with its requirements, and be 
 prepared to fulfil them, the ancient and religious 
 Universities it is a joy to repeat words so full 
 of promise offer us all their resources, the stern 
 methods of physical science, the precise and 
 delicate refinements of philology, the broad 
 lessons of history and philosophy, the priceless 
 opportunity of free and unselfish intercourse 
 We cannot dispense with any one of these in- 
 struments of training in the study of theology; 
 for theology is the science of all life, of all being. 
 
AT CAMBRIDGE. 139 
 
 We cannot reproduce them at our will under 
 conditions equally favourable to their action. 
 We cannot elsewhere than in the Universities 
 learn the lessons which society has to teacrr 
 us ; we cannot elsewhere convey to society the 
 lessons which we have to teach, as they may 
 be learnt and taught, in the natural, uncon- 
 strained fellowship of a common life. We be- 
 lieve that our faith can assimilate every frag- 
 ment of truth : let us openly show that we be- 
 lieve. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY c. j. CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 
 
March 1873. 
 
 A CATALOGUE of THEOLOGICAL BOOKS, 
 with a Short Account of their 
 Character and Aim, 
 
 Published by 
 
 MAOMILLA^T AOT3 CO. 
 
 Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London. 
 
 Abbott (Rev. E. A.) Works by the Rev. E. A. ABBOTT, 
 
 M.A., Head Master of the City of London School. 
 BIBLE LESSONS. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 4$-. 6d. 
 " Wise, suggestive, and really profound initiation into religious 
 thought. " Guardian. The Bishop of St. David* s, in his speech 
 at the Education Conference at Abergwilly, says he thinks " nobody 
 could read them without being the better for them himself, and 
 being also able to see how this difficult duty of imparting a sound 
 religious education may be effected. " 
 
 THE GOOD VOICES: A Child's Guide to the Bible. 
 With upwards of 50 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. cloth gilt. 5-r. 
 "ft would not be easy to combine simplicity with fulness and depth of 
 meaning more successfully than Mr. Abbott has done." Spectator. 
 The Times says "Mr. Abbott writes with clearness, simplicity, 
 and the deepest religious feeling. " 
 
 I 
 10000. 3. 73. 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Ainger (Rev. Alfred). SERMONS PREACHED IN 
 THE TEMPLE CHURCH. By the Rev. ALFRED AINGER, 
 M.A. of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, Reader at the Temple Church. 
 Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 This volume contains twenty-four Sermons preached at various times 
 during the last few years in the Temple Church, and are charac- 
 terised by such qualities as are likely to make them acceptable to 
 cultivated and thoughtful readers. The following are a few 
 of the topics treated of: "Boldness;" "Murder, Ancient and 
 Modern;" " The Atonement ;" " The Resurrection ;" " The. Fear 
 of Death;" " The Forgiveness of Sins, the Remission of a Debt" 
 (2 Sermons); "Anger, Noble and Ignoble;" " Culture and 
 Temptation;" "The Religious Aspect of Wit and Humour;" 
 "The Life of the Ascended Christ" "It is" the British Quar- 
 terly says, " the fresh unconventional talk of a clear independent 
 thinker, addressed to a congregation of thinkers .... Thoughtful 
 men will be greatly charmed by this little volume." 
 
 Alexander. THE LEADING IDEAS of the GOSPELS. 
 Five Sermons preached before the University of Oxford in 1870 
 71. By WILLIAM ALEXANDER, D.D., Brasenose College; Lord 
 Bishop of Deny and Raphao ; Select Preacher. Cr, 8vo. 4^. 6d. 
 
 Each of these Sermons is on a characteristic text taken successively 
 from each of the four Gospels, there being two on that from St. 
 John ; zn-z.St. Matt. i. I ; St. Mark i. I ; St. Ltike i. 3 ; St. John 
 i. I, 14. "Dr. Alexander is eminently fitted for the task he has 
 undertaken. He has a singular felicity of style, which lights up 
 the discourse and clothes it with great beauty and impressiveness. " 
 Nonconformist. 
 
 Arnold. A BIBLE READING BOOK FOR SCHOOLS. 
 
 THE GREAT PROPHECY OF ISRAEL'S RESTORATION (Isaiah, 
 Chapters 40 66). Arranged and Edited for Young Learners. By 
 MATTHEW ARNOLD, D.C.L., formerly Professor of Poetry in the 
 University of Oxford, and Fellow of Oriel. Third Edition. i8mo. 
 cloth. is. 
 Mr. Arnold has undertaken this really important task, on account 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 of his conviction tl ofthe immense importance in education of what 
 is called letters ; of the side which engages our feelings and imagina- 
 tion" In this little volume he attempts to do for the Bible what has 
 been so abundantly done for Greek and Roman, as well as English 
 authors ; viz. to take ' ' some whole, of admirable literary beauty 
 in style and treatment, of manageable length, within defined limits ; 
 and present this to the learner in an intelligible shape, adding such 
 explanations and helps as may enable him to grasp it as a connected 
 and complete work" The Times says "Whatever may be the 
 fate of this little book in Government Schools, there can be no doubt 
 that it will be found excellently calculated to further instruction in 
 Biblical literature in any school into which it may be introduced. . . 
 We can safely say that whatever school uses this book, it will enable 
 its pupils to understand Isaiah, a great advantage compared with 
 other establishments which do not avail themselves of it." 
 
 Baring-Gould. LEGENDS OF OLD TESTAMENT 
 CHARACTERS, from the Talmud and other sources. By the 
 Rev. S. BARING-GOULD, M.A., Author of "Curious Myths of 
 the Middle Ages," "The Origin and Development of Religious 
 Belief," "In Exitu Israel," etc. In two vols. crown 8vo. i6s. 
 Vol. I. Adam to Abraham. Vol. II. Melchizidek to Zechariah. 
 Mr. Baring- Gould's previous contributions to the History of Mytho- 
 logy, and the formation of a science of comparative religion are 
 admitted to be of the highest importance; the present work, it is 
 believed, will be found of equal value. He has collected from the 
 Talmud and other sources, Jewish and Mahommedan, a large 
 number of curious and interesting legends concerning the principal 
 characters of the Old Testament, comparing these frequently with 
 similar legends current among many of the peoples, savage and 
 civilised, all over the world. "These volumes contain much that 
 is strange, and to the ordinary English reader, very novel." 
 Daily News. 
 
 Barry, Alfred, D.D. The ATONEMENT of CHRIST. 
 Six Lectures delivered in Hereford Cathedral during Holy Week, 
 1871. By ALFRED BARRY, D.D., D.C.L., Canon of Worcester, ' 
 Principal of King's College, London. Fcap. Svo. 2s. 6d. 
 In writing these Sermons, it has been the object of Canon Barry to 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 set forth the deep practical importance of the doctrinal truths 
 of the Atonement. "The one truth" says the Preface, "which, 
 beyond all others, I desire that these may suggest, is tJie inseparable 
 unity which must exist between Christian doctrine, even in its more 
 mysterious forms, and Christian morality or devotion. They are 
 a slight contribution to the plea of that connection of Religion and 
 Theology, which in our own time is so frequently and, as it seems 
 to me, so unreasonably denied." The Guardian calls them " strik- 
 ing and eloquent lectures" 
 
 Benham. A COMPANION TO THE LECTIONARY, 
 
 being a Commentary on the Proper Lessons for Sundays and 
 
 Holidays. By the Rev. W. BENHAM, B.D., Vicar of Margate. 
 
 Crown Svo. 7^ 6</. 
 
 This work is the result of many years' study on the part of the author, 
 who has sought for assistance from the works of the ablest modern 
 divines. The author's object is to give the reader a clear under- 
 standing of the Lessons of the Church, which he does by means of 
 general and special introductions, and critical and explanatory 
 notes on all words and passages presenting the least difficulty. 
 
 Binney. SERMONS PREACHED IN THE KING'S 
 WEIGH HOUSE CHAPEL, 182969. By THOMAS BINNEY, 
 D. D. New and Cheaper Edition. Extra fcap. Svo. 4^. 6d. 
 
 In the earnestness and vigour which characterize the sermons in this 
 vohime the reader will find a chie to the vast influence exerted by 
 Mr. Binney for forty years over a wide circle, particularly young 
 men. In the concluding sermon, preached after the publication of 
 the first edition, he reviews the period of his ministry as a whole, 
 dwelling especially on its religious aspects. * 'Full of robtist in- 
 telligence, of reverent but independent thinking on the most profound 
 and holy themes, and of earnest practical purpose" London 
 Quarterly Review. 
 
 Bradby. SERMONS PREACHED AT HAILEYBURY. 
 By E. H. BRADBY, M.A., Master. Svo. [Immediately. 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Burgon. A TREATISE on the PASTORAL OFFICE. 
 
 Addressed chiefly to Candidates for Holy Orders, or to those who 
 have recently undertaken the cure of souls. By the Rev. JOHN 
 W. BURGON, M.A., Oxford. 8vo. 12s. 
 
 The object of this work is to expound the great ends to be accomplished 
 by the Pastoral office, and to investigate tJie various means by which 
 these ends may best be gained. Full directions are given as to 
 preaching and sermon-writing, pastoral visitation, village educa- 
 tion and catechising, and confirmation. Under the heading of 
 " Pastoral Method" the author shows how each of the occasional 
 offices of the Church may be most properly conducted, as well as how 
 a clergyman's ordinary public ministrations may be performed 
 with the greatest success. The best methods of parochial manage- 
 ment are examined, and an effort is made to exhibit the various 
 elements of the true pastoral spirit. " The spirit in which it 
 approaches and solves practical questions is at once full of common 
 sense and at the same time marked by a deep reverential piety and 
 a largeness of charity which are truly admirable." Spectator. 
 
 Butler (G.) Works by the Rev. GEORGE BUTLER, M.A., 
 
 Principal of Liverpool College : 
 FAMILY PRAYERS. Crown 8vo. 5* 
 
 The prayers in this volume are all based on passages of Scripture the 
 morning prayers on Select Psalms, those for the evening on portions 
 of the Neiv Testament. 
 
 SERMONS PREACHED in CHELTENHAM COLLEGE 
 
 CHAPEL. Crown 8vo. Js. 6d. 
 
 These Sermons, twenty-nine in number, were delivered at intervals 
 from the opening of Cheltenham College Chapel in 1858, to the last 
 Sunday of the year 1861, and contain references to the important 
 events which occurred during that period the Indian mutiny, the 
 
 . French campaign in Italy, the liberation of Sicily and Naples, the 
 establishment of the kingdom of Italy, the American Civil War, 
 and the deaths of many eminent men. " These sermons are plain, 
 
 practical, and well adapted to the auditors We cordially 
 
 recommend the volume as a model of pulpit style, and for individual 
 and family reading" Weekly Review. 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Butler (Rev. H. M.) SERMONS PREACHED in the 
 
 CHAPEL OF HARROW SCHOOL. By H. MONTAGU 
 
 BUTLER, Head Master. Crown 8vo. js. 6d. 
 
 Whilst these Sermons were prepared to meet the wants of a special class, 
 
 there is a constant reference in them to the great principles which 
 
 underlie all Christian thought and action. They deal with such 
 
 subjects as "Temptation" "Courage" " Duty without regard to 
 
 consequences" "Success" " Devout Impulses ," and " The SouFs 
 
 need of God" " These sermons are adapted for every household. 
 
 There is nothing more striking than the excellent good sense with 
 
 which they are imbued. " Spectator. 
 
 A SECOND SERIES. Crown 8vo. Js.6d. 
 
 "Excellent specimens of what sermons shotild be, plain, direct, 
 practical, pervaded by the true spirit of the Gospel, and holding up 
 lofty aims before the minds of the young" Athenaeum. 
 
 Butler (Rev. W. Archer). Works by the Rev. WILLIAM 
 ARCHER BUTLER, M.A., late Professor of Moral Philosophy in 
 the University of Dublin : 
 
 SERMONS, DOCTRINAL AND PRACTICAL. Edited, 
 with a Memoir of the Author's Life, by THOMAS WOODWARD, 
 Dean of Down. With Portrait. Eighth and Cheaper Edition, 
 8vo. Ss. 
 
 The foil cnving selections from the titles of the sermons will give a fair 
 idea of the contents of the volume: "The Mystery of the Holy 
 Incarnation;" " The Daily Self -Denial of Christ;" " 77ie Power 
 of the Restirrection ;" " Selj r - Delusion as to our Real State before 
 God;" * * The Faith of Man and the Faithfulness of God;" ' ' The 
 Wedding- Garment? ' ' ' Human Affections Raised, not Destroyed by 
 the Gospel;" " The Rest of the People of God;" "The Divinity of 
 our Priest, Prophet, and King;" "Church Education in Ireland" 
 (two Sermons). The Introductory Memoir narrates in consider- 
 able detail and with much interest, the events of Butler's brief life ; 
 and contains a few specimens of his poetry, and a few extracts 
 from his addresses and essays, including a long and eloquent 
 passage on the Province and Ditty of the Preacher. 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Butler (Rev. W. Archer.) continued. 
 
 A SECOND SERIES OF SERMONS. Edited by J. A. 
 JEREMIE, D.D., Dean of Lincoln. Sixth and Cheaper Edition. 
 Svo. JS. 
 
 In this volume are contained other twenty-six of the late Professor 
 Butler's Sermons, embracing a wide range of Christian topics, as 
 will be seen by the following selection from the titles: " Christ the 
 Source of all Blessings ;" " The Hope of Glory and the Charities of 
 Life;" "The Holy Trinity;" "The Sorrow that Exalts and 
 Sanctifies;" "The Growth of the Divine Life;" "The Folly of 
 Moral Cowardice;" "Strength and Mission of the Church;" 
 ' ' The Blessedness of Submission ;" " Eternal Punishment. " The 
 North British Review says, "Few sermons in our language exhibit 
 the same rare combination of excellencies ; imagery almost as rich 
 as Taylor's; oratory as vigorous often as Souttis ; judgment as 
 sound as Barrow's ; a style as attractive but more copious, 
 original, and forcible than Atterbury's ; piety as elevated as Howe's, 
 and a fervour as intense at times as Baxter's. Mr. Butler's are 
 the sermons of a true poet." 
 
 LETTERS ON ROMANISM, in reply to Dr. Newman's 
 Essay on Development. Edited by the Dean of Down. Second 
 Edition, revised by Archdeacon HARDWICK. Svo. los. 6d. 
 
 These Letters contain an exhaustive criticism of Dr. Newman's famous 
 ' ' Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine. " An attempt is 
 made to sheiv that the theory is opposed to the received doctrine of the 
 Romish Church ; that it is based on purely imaginary grounds, 
 and necessarily carries with it consequences in the highest degree 
 dangerous both to Christianity and to general truth. Whilst the 
 work is mainly polemical in its character, it contains the exposition 
 of many principles of far more than mere temporary interest. 
 ' ( A work which ought to be in the Library of every student of 
 Divinity." BP. ST. DAVID'S. 
 
 LECTURES ON ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY. See SCIEN- 
 TIFIC CATALOGUE. 
 
8 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Cambridge Lent Sermons. SERMONS preached 
 during Lent, 1864, in Great St. Mary's Church, Cambridge. By 
 the BISHOP OF OXFORD, Revs. H. P. LIDDON, T. L. CLAUGHTON, 
 J. R. WOODFORD, Dr. GOULBURN, J. W. BURGON, T. T. 
 CARTER, Dr. PUSEY, Dean HOOK, W. J. BUTLER, Dean GOOD- 
 WIN. Crown 8vo. 7^. 6d. 
 
 Campbell. Works by JOHN M'LEOD CAMPBELL : 
 THE NATURE OF THE ATONEMENT AND ITS 
 
 RELATION TO REMISSION OF SINS AND ETERNAL 
 
 LIFE. Third Edition, with an Introduction and Notes. Svo. 
 
 los. 6d. 
 
 Three chapters of this work are devoted to the teaching of Luther on 
 the subject of the Atonement, and to Calvinism, as taught by Dr. 
 Owen and President Edwards, and as recently modified. The 
 remainder is occupied with the different aspects of the Atonement as 
 conceived by the author himself, the object being partly to meet the 
 objections of honest inquirers, but mainly so to reveal the subject in 
 its own light as to render self-evident its adaptation to the spiritual 
 wants of man. Professor Rolleston, in quoting from this book in 
 his address to the Biological Section of the British Association 
 (Liverpool, September, 1870^, speaks of it as "the great work of 
 one of the first of living theologians. " ' ' A mong the first theological 
 treatises of this generation." Guardian. 
 
 CHRIST THE BREAD OF LIFE. An Attempt to give 
 a profitable direction to the present occupation of Thought with 
 Romanism. Second Edition, greatly enlarged. Crown Svo. 4J-. 6d. 
 In this volume the Doctrines of the Infallibility of the Church and 
 Transubstantiation are regarded as addressed to real inward needs 
 of humanity, and an effort is made to disengage them from the 
 truths whose place they usurp, and to exhibit these truths as 
 adequate to meet human cravings. The aim is, first, to offer help 
 to those who feel the attractions to Romanism too strong to be over- 
 come by direct arguments addressed to sense and reason ; and, 
 second, to quicken interest in the Truth itself. ' ' Deserves the most 
 attentive study by all who interest themselves in the predominant 
 religious controversy of the day." Spectator. 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Campbell (J. M'Leod.) continued. 
 
 REMINISCENCES AND REFLECTIONS, referring to 
 his Early Ministry in the Parish of Row, 1825 31. Edited with 
 an Introductory Narrative by his eldest Son, DONALD CAMPBELL, 
 M.A., Chaplain of King's College, London. Crown 8vo. *js. 6^. 
 The late Dr. McLeod Campbell was acknowledged to be a man of ex- 
 ceptional gifts and earnestness, and his early life was connected 
 with one of the most exciting, interesting, and important contro- 
 versies that ever agitated the Church of Scotland. These * Remi- 
 niscences and Reflections? written during the last year of his life, 
 were mainly intended to place on record thoughts which might prove 
 helpful to others, and no one was more qualified to give such help 
 to those who are earnestly seeking spiritual truth and peace. The 
 author, in this work, deals with questions of vital momont, in a 
 way that but few are qualified to do. 
 
 Canterbury. THE PRESENT POSITION OF THE 
 CHURCH OF ENGLAND. Seven Addresses delivered to the 
 Clergy and Churchwardens of his Diocese, as his Charge, at his 
 Primary Visitation, 1872. By ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, Archbishop 
 of Canterbury. Third Edition. 8vo. cloth. 3^. 6d. 
 The subjects of these Addresses are, I. Lay Co-operation. II. Cathe- 
 dral Reform. III. and IV. Ecclesiastical Judicature. V. Eccle- 
 siastical Legislation. VI. Missionary Work of the Church. VII. 
 The Church of England in its relation to the Rest of Christendom. 
 There are besides, a number of statistical and illustrative appendices. 
 
 Cheyne. Works by T. K. CHEYNE, M.A., Fellow of Balliol 
 College, Oxford : 
 
 THE BOOK OF ISAIAH CHRONOLOGICALLY AR- 
 RANGED. An Amended Version, with Historical and Critical 
 Introductions and Explanatory Notes. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. 
 The object of this edition is to restore the probable meaning of Isaiah, 
 so far as can be expressed in appropriate English. The basis of 
 the version is the revised translation of 1611, but alterations have 
 been introduced wherever the true sense of the prophecies appeared ta 
 require it. The Westminster Review speaks of it as " a piece of 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Cheyne (T. K.) continued. 
 
 scholarly work, very carefully and considerately done." The 
 Academy calls it "a successful attempt to extend a right under- 
 standing of this important Old Testament writing" 
 
 NOTES AND CRITICISMS on the HEBREW TEXT 
 OF ISAIAH. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
 
 This work is offered as a slight contribution to a more scientific study 
 of the Old Testament Scriptures. The author aims at completeness, 
 independence, and originality, and constantly endeavours to keep 
 philology distinct from exegesis, to explain the form without pro- 
 nouncing on the matter. Saad Yatis Arabic Version in the Bod- 
 leian has been referred to, while Walton and Buxtorf have been 
 carefully consulted. The philological works of German critics, 
 especially Ewald and Delitsch, have been anxiously and repeatedly 
 studied. The Academy calls the work "a valuable contribution 
 to the more scientific study of the Old Testament." 
 
 Choice Notes on the Four Gospels, drawn from 
 
 Old and New Sources. Crown 8vo. 4^. 6d. each Vol. (St. 
 
 Matthew and St. Mark in one Vol. price qs.). 
 
 These Notes are selected from the Rev. Prebendary Ford's Illustrations 
 of the Four Gospels, the choice being chiefly confined to those of 
 a more simple and practical character. The plan folloived is to go 
 over the Gospels verse by verse, and introduce the remarks, mostly 
 meditative and practical, of one or more noted divines, on the verses 
 selected for illustration. 
 
 Church. SERMONS PREACHED BEFORE the UNI- 
 VERSITY OF OXFORD. By the very Rev. R. W. CHURCH, 
 M. A., Dean of St. Paul's. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. $s. 6d. 
 Sermons on the relations between Christianity and the ideas and facts 
 of modern civilized society. The subjects of the various discourses 
 are : " The Gifts of Civilization, " ' ' Christ's Words and Christian 
 Society," " Christ's Example," and " Civilization and Religion." 
 "Thoughtful and masterly. . . We regard these sermons as a 
 landmark in religious thought. They help us to understand the 
 latent strength of a Christianity that is assailed on all sides.' 1 '' 
 Spectator. 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 11 
 
 Clay. THE POWER OF THE KEYS. Sermons preached 
 
 in Coventry. By the Rev. W. L. CLAY, M.A. Fcap. 8vo. $s. 6d. 
 
 In this work an attempt is made to shew in 'what sense, and to 'what 
 
 extent, the power of the Keys can be exercised by the layman, the 
 
 Church, and the priest respectively. The Church Review says the 
 
 sermons are ii in many respects of unusual merit." 
 
 Clergyman's Self-Examination concerning the 
 
 APOSTLES' CREED. Extra fcap. Svo. is. 6d. 
 
 " These Confessions have been written by a clergyman for his own use. 
 They speak of his own unbelief. Possibly they may help some of 
 his brethren, who wish to judge themselves that they may not be 
 ashamed before the Judge of all the earth. " 
 
 Collects of the Church of England. With a beauti- 
 fully Coloured Floral Design to each Collect, and Illuminated 
 Cover. Crown Svo. I2s. Also kept in various styles of morocco. 
 The distinctive characteristic of this edition is the coloured floral de- 
 sign which accompanies each Collect, and which is generally em- 
 blematical of the character of the day or saint to which it is 
 assigned; the flowers which have been selected are such as are likely 
 to be in bloom on the day to which the Collect belongs. " Care- 
 fully , indeed livingly drawn and daintily coloured^ says the Pall 
 Mall Gazette. The Guardian thinks it "a successful attempt to 
 associate in a natural and unforced manner the flowers of our 
 fields and gardens with the course of the Christian year." 
 
 Cotton. Works by the late GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH 
 * COTTON, D.D., Bishop of Calcutta : 
 
 SERMONS PREACHED TO ENGLISH CONGREGA- 
 TIONS IN INDIA. Crown Svo. Js. 6d. 
 
 These Sermons are selected from those which were preached behveen 
 the years 1863 and 1866 to English congregations under the varied 
 circumstances of place and season which an Indian Bishop en- 
 counters. "The sermons are models of what sermons should be, 
 not only on account of their practical teachings, but also with 
 regard to the singular felicity with which they are adapted to limes, 
 places, and circumstances ." Spectator. 
 
12 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Cotton (G. E. L.) continued. 
 
 EXPOSITORY SERMONS ON THE EPISTLES FOR 
 THE SUNDAYS OF THE CHRISTIAN YEAR. Two 
 Vols. Crown 8vo. i$s. 
 
 These two volumes contain in all fifty-seven Sermons. They were 
 all preached at various stations throughout India, and from tJie 
 nature of the circumstances which called them forth, the varied 
 subjects of which they treat are dealt with in such a manner as is 
 likely to proz>e acceptable to Christians in general. 
 
 Cure. THE SEVEN WORDS OF CHRIST ON THE 
 CROSS. Sermons preached at St. George's, Bloomsbury. By 
 the Rev. E. CAPEL CURE, M.A. Fcap. 8vo. 3-y. 6d. 
 Of these Sermons tJie John Bull says, "They are earnest and 
 practical ;" the Nonconformist, " The Sermons are beautiful, 
 tender, and instructive;" and the Spectator calls them "A set of 
 really good Sermons. " 
 
 Curteis. DISSENT in its RELATION to the CHURCH 
 OF ENGLAND. Eight Lectures preached before the University 
 of Oxford, in the year 1871, on the foundation of the late Rev. 
 John Bampton, M. A., Canon of Salisbury. By GEORGE HERBERT 
 CURTEIS, M.A., late Fellow and Sub-Rector of Exeter College; 
 Principal of the Lichfield Theological College, and Prebendary of 
 Lichfield Cathedral ; Rector of Turweston, Bucks. 8vo. 14*. 
 In these Bampton Lectures the Author has endeavoured to accomplish 
 three things : /. To shew those who are in despair at the present 
 divided aspect of Christendom, that from the Apostles'* time down- 
 wards there has never been an age of the Church without similar 
 internal conflicts ; that if well managed, these dissensions may be 
 kept within bounds, and made to minister to the life and movement 
 of the whole polity ; but if 'ill-managed, they are always liable to 
 become a wasting fever instead of a healthy warmth. II. To 
 present materials by which Churchmen might be aided informing 
 an intelligent and candid judgment as to what precisely these dis- 
 senting denominations really are ; what it is they do, and what 
 they claim to teach ; and why it is they are now combining to bring 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 13 
 
 the Chiirch of England, if possible, to the ground. III. To point 
 out some few indications of the wonderful and every way deplorable 
 misapprehensions which have clothed the Church of England to 
 their eyes in colours absolutely foreign to her true character ; have 
 ascribed to her doctrines absolutely contrary to her meaning ; and 
 have interpreted her customs in a way repellant to the Christian 
 Common-sense of her own people. 
 
 Davies. Works by the Rev. J. LLEWELYN DAVIES, M.A., 
 
 Rector of Christ Church, St. Marylebone, etc. : 
 THE WORK OF CHRIST ; or, the World Reconciled to 
 
 God. With a Preface on the Atonement Controversy. Fcap. 
 
 8vo. 6s. 
 
 The reader will here find, amongst others, sermons on " The forgive- 
 ness of sins," " Christ dying for men," "Sacrifice," " The Ex- 
 ample of Christ," " The Baptism of Christ" " The Temptation 
 of Christ," "Love, Divine and Human," " Creation by the Word," 
 "Holy Seasons" and " The Coming of the Son of Man." The 
 Preface is devoted to shewing that certain popular theories of the 
 Atonement are opposed to the moral sense of mankind, and are not 
 imposed on Christians by statements either in the Old or New 
 Testaments. 
 
 SERMONS on the MANIFESTATION OF THE SON 
 OF GOD. With a Preface addressed to Laymen on the present 
 Position of the Clergy of the Church of England ; and an Ap- 
 pendix on the Testimony of Scripture and the Church as to the 
 possibility of Pardon in the Future State. Fcap. 8vo. 6s. 6d. 
 The Preface to this work is mainly occupied with the distinction 
 between the essential and non-essential elements of the Christian 
 faith, proving that the central religious controversy of the day relates, 
 not, as many suppose, to such questions as the Inspiration of 
 Scripture, but to the profounder question, whether the- Son of God 
 actually has been manifested in the person of Jesus of Nazareth. 
 The grounds on which the Christian bases his faith are also 
 examined. In the Appendix the testimony of the Bible and the 
 Anglican formularies as to the possibility of pardon in the future 
 
I 4 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Davies (Rev. J. Llewelyn) continued. 
 
 state is investigated. The sermons, of which the body of the work 
 is composed, treat of the great principles revealed in the words and 
 acts of Jesus. "This volume, both in its substance, prefix, and 
 suffix, represents the noblest type of theology now preached in the 
 English Church. " Spectator. 
 
 BAPTISM, CONFIRMATION, AND THE LORD'S 
 SUPPER, as Interpreted by their Outward Signs. Three Ex- 
 pository Addresses for Parochial use. Fcap. 8vo., limp cloth. 
 is. 6d. 
 
 The method adapted in these addresses is to set forth the natural and 
 historical meaning of the signs of the hvo Sacraments and of Con- 
 firmation, and thus to arrive at the spiritual realities which they 
 symbolize. The work touches on all the principal elements of a 
 Christian man's faith. 
 
 THE EPISTLES of ST. PAUL TO THE EPHESIANS, 
 THE COLOSSIANS, and PHILEMON. With Introductions 
 and Notes, and an Essay on the Traces of Foreign Elements in 
 the Theology of these Epistles. 8vo. "js. 6d. 
 
 The chief aim of the translations and notes in the present volume is 
 simply to bring out as accurately as possible the apostle's meaning. 
 The General Introduction, treats mainly of the time and circum- 
 stances in which Paul is believed to have written these Epistles. 
 To each Epistle there is a special critical introduction. 
 
 MORALITY ACCORDING TO THE SACRAMENT 
 OF THE LORD'S SUPPER. Crown 8vo. 3*. 6d. 
 
 These discourses were preached before the University of Ca?nbridge. 
 They form a continuous exposition, and are directed mainly against 
 the two-fold danger which at present threatens the Church the 
 tendency, on the one hand, to regard Morality as independent of 
 Religion, and, on the other, to ignore the fact that Religion finds 
 its proper sphere and criterion in the moral life. 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 15 
 
 Davies (Rev. J. Llewelyn) continued. 
 
 THE GOSPEL and MODERN LIFE. Sermons on some 
 of the Difficulties of the Present Day, with a Preface on a Recent 
 Phase of Deism. Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 The " recent phase of Deism" examined in the preface to this volume 
 is that professed by the "Pall Mall Gazette" that in the sphere of 
 Religion there are one or two "probable suppositions" but nothing 
 more. The writer starts with an assumption that mankind are 
 tinder a Divine discipline, and in the light of this conviction passes 
 under review the leading religious problems which perplex thought- 
 ful minds of the present day. Amongst other subjects examined 
 are "Christ and Modern Knowledge" "Humanity and the 
 Trinity, " " Nature, " " Religion, " ' ' Conscience, " ' ' Human 
 Corruption," and "Human Holiness" "There is probably no 
 writer in the Church fairer or more thoroughly worth listening to 
 than Mr. Llewellyn Davies, and this book will do more than sustain 
 his already high reputation" Globe. 
 
 De Teissier. Works by G. F. DE TEISSIER, B.D.: 
 VILLAGE SERMONS, FIRST SERIES. Crown 8vo. gs. 
 
 This vohime contains fifty -four short Sermons, embracing many sub- 
 jects of practical importance to all Christians. The Guardian says 
 they are ' ' a little too scholarlike in style for a country village, 
 but sound and practical." 
 
 VILLAGE SERMONS, SECOND SERIES. Crown 8vo. Ss.6d. 
 
 "This second volume of Parochial Sermons is given to the public 
 
 in the humble hope that it may afford many seasonable thoughts 
 
 for such as are Mourners in Zion" There are in all fifty -two 
 
 Sermons embracing a wide variety of subjects connected with 
 
 Ch ristian faith a nd practice. 
 
 THE HOUSE OF PRAYER ; or, a Practical Exposition 
 of the Order for Morning and Evening Prayer in the Church of 
 England. l8mo. extra cloth, ^s. 6d. 
 
 " There is in these addresses to the Christian reader," says the Intro- 
 duction, an attempt to set forth the devotional spirit of our Church 
 
16 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 in her daily forms of Morning and Evening Prayer, by shewing 
 how all the parts of them may have a just bearing upon Christian 
 practice, and so may have a deep influence upon the conduct of all 
 our honest worshippers, under every possible relation and circum- 
 stance of life. 1 '' "For a certain devout tenderness of feeling and 
 religious earnestness of purpose, this little book of Mr. De Teissier's 
 is really noteworthy ; and it is a book which grwvs upon you 
 very much when you read it" Literary Churchman. 
 
 Ecce Homo. A SURVEY OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF 
 JESUS CHRIST. 23rd Thousand. Crown 8vo. 6s. 
 "A very original and remarkable book, full of striking thought and 
 delicate perception; a book which has realised with wonderful 
 vigour and freshness the historical magnitude of Christ's work, and 
 which here and there gives us readings of the finest kind of the 
 probable motive of His individual words and actions" Spectator. 
 " The best and most established believer will find it adding some 
 fresh buttresses to his faith." Literary Churchman. " If we 
 have n<ft misunderstood him, we have before us a writer who has 
 a right to claim deference from those who think deepest and know 
 most. " Guardian. 
 
 Faber. SERMONS AT A NEW SCHOOL. By the Rev. 
 ARTHUR FABER, M.A., Head Master of Malvern College. Cr. 
 8vo. [Immediately. 
 
 Farrar. Works by the Rev. F. W. FARRAR, M.A., F.R.S., 
 Head Master of Marlborough College, and Hon. Chaplain to the 
 Queen : 
 
 THE FALL OF MAN, AND OTHER SERMONS. 
 
 Second and Cheaper Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4.?. 6d. 
 
 This volume contains twenty Sermons. No attempt is made in 
 
 these sermons to develope a system of doctrine. In each discourse 
 
 some one aspect of truth is taken up, the chief object being to point 
 
 out its bearings on practical religious life. The Nonconformist 
 
 says of these Sermons, "Mr. Farrar's Sermons are almost perfect 
 
 specimens of one type of Sermons, which we may concisely call 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 17 
 
 Farrar (Rev. F. W.) continued. 
 
 beautiful. The style of expression is beautiful there is beauty in 
 the thoughts, the illustrations, the allusions they are expressive of 
 genuinely beautiful perceptions and feelings." The British Quar- 
 terly says, "Ability, eloquence, scholarship, and practical useful- 
 ness, are in these Sermons combined in a very unusual degree. " 
 
 THE WITNESS OF HISTORY TO CHRIST. Being 
 
 the Hulsean Lectures for 1870. New Edition. Crown 8vo. $s. 
 
 The copious notes contain many references which will be found of 
 
 great use to the enquiring student. The following are the subjects 
 
 of the Five Lectures: /. " The Antecedent Credibility of the 
 
 Miraculous." II. " The Adequacy of the Gospel Records." 
 
 ILL "The Victories of Christianity." IV. "Christianity and 
 
 the Individual." V. "Christianity and the Race." The subjects 
 
 of the four Appendices are: A. " The Diversity of Christian 
 
 Evidences." B. "Confucius." C. "Buddha." D. " Comte." 
 
 SEEKERS AFTER GOD. The Lives of Seneca, Epictetus, 
 and Marcus Aurelius. See SUNDAY LIBRARY at end of Catalogue. 
 
 Fellowship : LETTERS ADDRESSED TO MY SISTER 
 
 MOURNERS. Fcap. 8vo. cloth gilt. 3,$-. 6d. 
 
 ' 1 A beautiful little volume, written with genuine feeling, good taste, 
 and a right appreciation of the teaching of Scripture relative to 
 sorrow and suffering " Nonconformist. "A very touching, and 
 at the same time a very sensible book. It breathes throughout the 
 truest Christian spirit" Contemporary Review. 
 
 Forbes. THE VOICE OF GOD IN THE PSALMS. 
 
 By GRANVILLE FORBES, Rector of Broughton. Cr. Svo. 6s. 6d. 
 
 This volume contains a connected series of twenty Sermons, divided 
 
 into three parts, the two first parts being Introdzictory. Part I. 
 
 treats of the "Ground of Faith ," and consists of four Sermons on 
 
 "Faith in God," "God's Voice within us" "Faith in God the 
 
 Ground of Faith in the Bible," and "God's Voice in the Bible" 
 
 Part II. treats of * ' The Voice of God in the Law and the Prophets, " 
 
 on which there are four Sermons; and Part III., occupying the 
 
 2 
 
1 8 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 greater part of the volume, deals with ' ' The Voice of God in the 
 Psalms," and consists of twelve Sermons. The last Sermon is 
 on " The Voice of God in History. " 
 
 Gifford. THE GLORY OF GOD IN MAN. By E. H. 
 GIFFORD, D.D. Fcap. 8vo., cloth. $s. 6d. 
 " The sermons are short, thoughtful, and earnest discussions of the 
 
 weighty matter involved in the subjects of them" Journal of 
 
 Sacred Literature. 
 
 Golden Treasury Psalter. See p. 50. 
 
 Hardwick. Works by the Yen. ARCHDEACON HARDWICK : 
 
 CHRIST AND OTHER MASTERS. A Historical Inquiry 
 into some of the Chief Parallelisms and Contrasts between Christ- 
 ianity and the Religious Systems of the Ancient World. New 
 Edition, revised, and a Prefatory Memoir by the Rev. FRANCIS 
 PROCTER, M.A. Two vols. crown 8vo. 15^. 
 After several introductory chapters dealing with the religious tendencies 
 of the present age, the unity of the human race, and the character- 
 istics of Religion under the Old Testament, the Author proceeds to 
 consider the Religions of India, China, America, Oceanica, Egypt, 
 and Medo-Pei'sia. The history and characteristics of these Religions 
 are examined, and an effort is made to bring out the points of 
 difference and affinity between them and Christianity. The object 
 is to establish the perfect adaptation of the latter faith to human 
 nature in all its phases and at all times. " The plan of the work 
 is boldly and almost nobly conceived. . . We commend the work to 
 the perusal of all those who take interest in the siudy of ancient 
 mythology, without losing their reverence for the supreme authoi'ity 
 of the oracles of the living God." Christian Observer. 
 
 A HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Middle 
 Age. From Gregory the Great to the Excommunication of Luther, 
 Edited by WILLIAM STUBBS, M.A., Regius Professor of Modern 
 History in the University of Oxford. With Four Maps constructed 
 for this work by A. KEITH JOHNSTON. Third Edition. Crown 
 8vo. los. 6d. 
 Although the ground-plan of this treatise coincides in many points 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 19 
 
 Hard wick ( Archd . ) continued. 
 
 with that of the colossal work of Schrbckh, yet in arranging the 
 materials a very different course has frequently been pursued. 
 With regard to his opinions the late author avowed distinctly that 
 he construed history with the specific prepossessions of an English- 
 man and a member of the English Church. The reader is con- 
 stantly referred to the authorities, both original and critical, on 
 which the statements are founded. For this edition Professor 
 Stubhs has carefully revised both text and notes, making such cor- 
 rections of facts, dates, and the like as the results of recent research 
 warrant. The doctrinal, historical, and generally speculative 
 views of the late author have been preserved intact. ' 'As a Mamial 
 for the student of ecclesiastical history in the Middle Ages, we know 
 no English work which can be compared to Mr. HardwicKs book." 
 Guardian. 
 
 A HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH DURING 
 THE REFORMATION. New Edition, revised by Professor 
 STUBBS. Crown Svo. los. 6d. 
 
 This volume is intended as a sequel and companion to the lt History 
 of the Christian Church during the Middle Age" The author's 
 earnest wish has been to give the reader a trustworthy version of 
 those stirring incidents which mark the Reformation period, with- 
 out relinquishing his former claim to characterise peculiar systems, 
 persons, and events according to the shades and colours they as- 
 sume, when contemplated from an English point of view, and by a 
 member of the Church of England. 
 
 Hervey. THE GENEALOGIES OF OUR LORD AND 
 
 SAVIOUR JESUS CHRIST, as contained in the Gospels of 
 
 St. Matthew and St. Luke, reconciled with each other, and shown 
 
 to be in harmony with the true Chronology of the Times. By Lord 
 
 ARTHUR HERVEY, Bishop of Bath and Wells. Svo. IOT. 6d. 
 
 The difficulties and importance of the subject are first stated, the three 
 
 main points of inquiry being clearly brought out. The Author 
 
 then proceeds to shew that the genealogies of St. Matthew's and 
 
 St. Luke' s Gospels are both genealogies oj Joseph, and examines 
 
 the principle on ivhich they are framed. In the following chapters 
 
 the remaining aspects of the sitbject are exhaustively investigated. 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Hymni Ecclesiae. Fcap. 8vo. js.6d. 
 
 A selection of Latin Hymns of the Mediceval Church, containing 
 selections from the Paris Breviary, and the Breviaries of Rome, 
 Salisbury, and York. The selection is confined to such holy days 
 and seasons as are recognised by the Church of England, and to 
 special events or things recorded in Scripture. This collection was 
 edited by Dr. Newman while he lived at Oxford. 
 
 Kempis, Thos. A. DE IMITATIONE CHRISTI. 
 LIBRI IV. Borders in the Ancient Style, after Holbein, Durer, 
 and other Old Masters, containing Dances of Death, Acts of 
 Mercy, Emblems, and a variety of curious ornamentations. In 
 white cloth, extra gilt. *]s. 6d. 
 
 The original Latin text has been here faithfully reproduced. The 
 Spectator says of this edition, it "has many solid merits, and is 
 perfect in its way. " While the Athenaeum says, ' ' The whole work 
 is admirable; some of the figure compositions have extraordinary 
 merit" 
 
 Kingsley. Works by the Rev. CHARLES KINGSLEY, M.A.,. 
 
 Rector of Eversley, and Canon of Chester. (For other Works 
 
 by the same author, see HISTORICAL and BELLES LETTRES 
 
 CATALOGUES). 
 
 The high merits of Mr. Kingsley 1 s Sermons are acknowledged. 
 Whether preached to the rustic audience of a village Church or to 
 the princely congregation of the Chapel Royal, these Sermons are 
 invariably characterized by intense earnestness and magnanimity, 
 combined with genuine charity and winning tenderness; the style 
 is always clear, simple, and unaffectedly natural, abounding in 
 beautiful illustration, the fruit of a rich fancy and a cultivated 
 taste. They are emphatically practical. 
 
 THE WATER OF LIFE, AND OTHER SERMONS. 
 
 Second Edition. Fcap. Svo. 3^. 6d. 
 
 This volume contains twenty-one Sermons preached at various places 
 Westminster Abbey, Chapel Royal, before the Queen at Windsor, 
 etc. The following are a few of the titles : ' ' The Water of Life;" 
 "The Wages of Sin;" " The Battle of Life;" "Ruth;" "Friend- 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 21 
 
 Kingsley (Rev. C.) continued. 
 
 ship, or David and Jonathan;" "Progress;" "Faith;" "The 
 Meteor Shower" (1866); "Cholera" (1866); "The God of 
 Nature. " 
 
 VILLAGE SERMONS. Seventh Edition. Fcap. 8vo. $s.6d. 
 
 The following are a few of the titles of these Sermons: "God's 
 World;" "Religion not Godliness;" "Self -Destruction;" "Hell 
 on Earth;" "Noah's Justice;" " Our Father in Heaven ;" "The 
 Transfiguration;" "The Crucifixion;" "The Resurrection;" 
 "Improvement;" "On Books;" " The Courage of the Saviour." 
 
 THE GOSPEL OF THE PENTATEUCH. Second 
 Edition. Fcap. 8vo. $s. 6d. 
 
 This vohime consists of eighteen Sermons on passages taken from the 
 Pentateuch. They are dedicated to Dean Stanley out of gratitude 
 for his Lectures on the Jewish Church, under the influence and in 
 the spirit of which they were written. "With your book in my 
 hand" Mr. Kingsley says in his Preface, "I have tried to write 
 a few plain Sermons, telling plain people what they will find in the 
 Pentateuch. I have told them that they will find in the Bible, and 
 in no othei* ancient book, that living working God, whom their 
 reason and conscience demand; and that they will find that He is 
 none other than Jesus Christ our Lord." 
 
 GOOD NEWS OF GOD. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 
 3J. 6d. 
 
 This volume contains thirty-nine short Sermons, preached in the 
 ordinary course of the author* s parochial ministrations. A few of 
 the titles are " The Beatific Vision ;" " The Life of God ;" "The 
 Song of the Three Children;" "Worship;" "De Profundis ;" 
 "The Race of Life;" "Heroes and Heroines;" "Music;" 
 "Christ's Boyhood;" "Human Nature;" "True Prudence;" 
 "The Temper of Christ;" "Our Deserts;" "The Loftiness of 
 God." 
 
 SERMONS FOR THE TIMES. Third Edition. Fcap. 
 8vo. 3-5-. 6d. 
 Here are twenty-two Sertnons, all bearing more or less on the every- 
 
22 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Kingsley (Rev. C.) continued. 
 
 day life of the present day, including such subjects as these : 
 " 'Fathers and Children;" "A Good Conscience;" "Names;" 
 "Sponsorship;" "Duty and Superstition ;" "England's Strength;" 
 " The Lord 1 s Prayer ;" "Shame;" "Forgiveness";" The True 
 Gentleman ;" ' 'Public Spirit. " 
 
 TOWN AND COUNTRY SERMONS. Second Edition. 
 Extra fcap. 8vo. 3^. 6d. 
 
 Some of these Sermons were preached before the Queen , and some in 
 the performance of the writer's ordinary parochial duty. Jliere are 
 thirty-nine in all, under such titles as the following : * 'How to keep 
 Passion- Week;" "A Soldier's Training;" "Turning-points;" 
 "Work;" " The Rock of Ages ;" " The Loftiness of Humility ;" 
 " The Central Sun;" " Ev TOUTW Nt/ca ;" " llie Eternal Man- 
 hood;" "Hypocrisy;" " The Wrath of Love." Of these Sermons 
 the Nonconformist says, " They are warm with the fervour of the 
 preacher's oivn heart, and strong from the force of his own con- 
 victions. There is nowhere an attempt at display, and the clear- 
 ness and simplicity of the style make them suitable for the youngest 
 or most unintelligent of his hearers" 
 
 SERMONS on NATIONAL SUBJECTS. Second Edition. 
 Fcap. 8vo. 3J. 6d. 
 
 THE KING OF THE EARTH, and other Sermons, 
 a Second Series of Sermons on National Subjects. Second 
 Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 3^. 6d. 
 
 The following extract from the Preface to the 2nd Series will explain 
 the preacher's aim in these Sermons : " / have tried to pro- 
 claim the Lord Jesus Christ, as the Scriptures, both in their 
 strictest letter and in their general method, from Genesis to Reve- 
 lation, seem to me to proclaim Him ; not merely as the Saviour of 
 a few elect souls, but as the light and life of every human being 
 who enters into the world; as the source of all reason, strength, 
 and virtue in heathen or in Christian; as the King and Ruler of 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 23 
 
 Kingsley (Rev. C.) continued. 
 
 the whole universe, and of every nation, family, and man on 
 earth ; as the Redeemer of the whole earth and the whole human 
 
 race His death, as a full, perfect, and sufficient sacrifice, 
 
 oblation, and satisfaction for the sins of the whole world, by which 
 God is reconciled to the whole human race. 
 
 DISCIPLINE, AND OTHER SERMONS. Fcp. Svo. $s.6d. 
 
 Herein are twenty-four Sermons preached on various occasions, some 
 of them of a public nature at the Volunteer Camp, Wimbledon, 
 before the Prince of Wales at Sandringham, at Wellington College, 
 etc. A few of the titles are i<> Discipline" (to Volunteers); 
 " ''Prayer and Science;" "False Civilization;" "The End of 
 Religion;" " The Humanity of God;" "God's World;" "Self- 
 Help;" "Toleration;" " The Likeness of God." This volume 
 the Nonconformist calls, " Eminently practical and appropriate 
 
 Earnest stirring words. " The Guardian says, ' ' There is 
 
 much thought, tenderness, and devoutness of spirit in these Sermons, 
 and some of them are models both in matter and expression" 
 
 DAVID. FOUR SERMONS : David's Weakness David's 
 Strength David's Anger David's Deserts. Fcap. Svo. 2s. 6d. 
 These fotir Sermons were preached before the University of Cam- 
 bridge, and are specially addressed to young men. Their titles are, 
 "David's Weakness;" < " i David's Strength;" "David's Anger ;" 
 "David's Deserts." The Freeman says "Every paragraph 
 glows with manly energy, delivers straightforward practical truths, 
 in a vigorous, sometimes even passionate way, and exhibits an 
 intense sympathy with everything honest, pure, and noble" 
 
 Lightfoot. Works by J. B. LIGHTFOOT, D.D., Hulsean 
 Professor of Divinity in the University of Cambridge ; Canon of 
 St. Paul's. 
 
 ST. PAUL'S EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS. A Re- 
 vised Text, with Introduction, Notes, and Dissertations. Third 
 Edition, revised. Svo. cloth. 12s. 
 The subjects treated in the Introduction are the Galatian people, the 
 
24 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Lightfoot (Dr. J. B.) continued. 
 
 Churches of Galatia, the date and genuineness of the Epistle, and 
 its character and contents. The dissertations discuss the question 
 whether the Galatians were Celts or Tartars, and the whole subject 
 of " The Brethren of the Lord" and "St. Paul and the Three" 
 While the Author's object has been to make this commentary 
 generally complete, he has paid special attention to everything re- 
 lating to St. PauVs personal history and hh intercourse with the 
 Apostles and Church of the Circumcision, as it is this feature in 
 the Epistle to the Galatians which has given it an overwhelming 
 interest in recent theological controversy. The Spectator says 
 " there is no commentator at once of sounder judgment and more 
 liberal than Dr. Lightfoot.'" 
 
 ST. PAUL'S EPISTLE TO THE PHILIPPIANS. A 
 Revised Text, with Introduction, Notes, and Dissertations. Second 
 Edition. 8vo. 1 2s. 
 
 The plan of this volume is the same as that of " The Epistle to the 
 Galatians" The Introduction deals with the following subjects: 
 "St. Paul in Rome" " Order of the Epistles of the Captivity," 
 " The Church ofPhilippi," "Character and Contents of the Epistle,"' 
 and its genuineness. The Dissertations are on " The Christian 
 Ministry," "St. Paul and Seneca," and " The Letters of Paul 
 and Seneca" "JVb commentary in the English language can be 
 compared with it in regard to fulness of information, exact 
 scholarship, and laboured attempts to settle everything about the 
 epistle on a solid foundation ." Athenaeum. il Its author blends 
 large and varied learning with a style as bright and easy, as telling 
 and artistic, as that of our most accomplished essayists. " Non- 
 conformist. 
 
 ST. CLEMENT OF ROME, THE TWO EPISTLES TO 
 THE CORINTHIANS. A Revised Text, with Introduction 
 and Notes. 8vo. Ss. 6d. 
 
 This volume is the first part of a complete edition of the Apostolic 
 Fathers. The Introductions deal with the questions of the genuine- 
 ness and authenticity of the Epistles, discuss their date and ' character ^ 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 25 
 
 Lightfoot (Dr. J. B.) continued. 
 
 and analyse their contents. An account is also given of all the 
 different epistles which bear the name of Clement of Rome. "2?y 
 far the most copiously annotated edition of St. Clement which we 
 yet possess, and the most convenient in every way for the English 
 reader. " Guardian. 
 
 ON A FRESH REVISION OF THE ENGLISH NEW 
 TESTAMENT. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s. 
 The Author begins with a few words on S. Jerome's revision of the 
 'Latin Bible, and then goes on to shew in detail the necessity for 
 afresh revision of the authorized version on the following grounds : 
 I. False Readings. 2. Artificial distinctions created. 3. Real 
 distinctions obliterated. 4. Faults of Grammar. 5- -Faults of 
 Lexicography. 6. Treatment of Proper Names, official titles, etc. 
 7. Archaisms, defects in the English, errors of the press, etc. 
 The volume is completed by ( I ) an elaborate appendix on the words 
 eiTLoixnos and Trepioixrios, (2) a table of passages of Scripture 
 quoted, and (3) a general index. " The book is marked by careful 
 scholarship, familiarity with the subject, sobriety, and circttmspec- 
 tion" Athenaeum. "// abounds with- evidence of the most ex- 
 tensive learning, and of a masterly familiarity with the best results 
 of modern Greek scholarship" Standard. 
 
 Luckock. THE TABLES OF STONE. A Course of 
 Sermons preached in All Saints' Church, Cambridge, by H. M. 
 LUCKOCK, M.A., Vicar. Fcap. 8vo. 3-r. 6d. 
 Sermons illustrative of the great principles of morality, mostly based 
 on texts from the New Testament Scriptures. 
 
 Maclaren. SERMONS PREACHED at MANCHESTER. 
 
 By ALEXANDER MACLAREN. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 4^. 6d. 
 
 These Sermons, twenty-four in number, are well known for the 
 freshness and vigour of their thought, and the wealth of imagination 
 they display. They represent no special school, bitt deal with the 
 broad principles of Christian truth, especially in their bearing on 
 
26 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Maclaren (A.) continued. 
 
 practical, ez/ery day life. A few of the titles are: " The Stone of 
 Stumbling" "Love and Forgiveness" "The Living Dead" 
 "Memory in Another World" "Faith in Christ" "Love and 
 Fear," " The Choice of Wisdom," " The Food of the World." 
 
 A SECOND SERIES OF SERMONS. Second Edition. 
 Fcap. 8vo. 4J. 6d. 
 
 This 2nd Series, consisting of nineteen Sermons, are marked by the 
 same characteristics as the 1st. The Spectator characterises them 
 as "vigorous in style, full of thought, rich in illustration, and in 
 an unusual degree interesting. " 
 
 Maclear. Works by G. F. MACLEAR, D.D., Head Master of 
 
 King's College School : 
 
 A CLASS-BOOK OF OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 With Four Maps. Sixth Edition. i8mo. 4J-. 6d. 
 
 "The present volume," says the Preface, "forms a Class- Book of Old 
 Testament History from the Earliest Times to those, of Ezra and 
 NeJiemiah. In its preparation the most recent authorities have 
 been consulted, aud wherever it has appeared useful, Notes have 
 been subjoined illustrative of the Text, and, for the sake of more 
 advanced sttidents, references added to larger works. The Index 
 has been so arranged as to form a concise Dictionary of the Persons 
 and Places mentioned in the course of the Narrative. " The Maps, 
 prepared by Stanford, materially add to the value and usefulness 
 of the book. The British Quarterly Review calls it "A careful 
 and elaborate, though brief compendium of all that modern research 
 has done for the illustration of the Old Testament. We know of 
 no work which contains so much important information in so small 
 a compass." 
 
 A CLASS-BOOK OF NEW TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 Including the Connexion of the Old and New Testament. Fourth 
 Edition. i8mo. $s. 6d. 
 
 The present volume forms a sequel to the Author's Class- Book of 
 Old Testament History, and continues the narrative to the close of 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 27 
 
 Maclear (G. F.) continued. 
 
 St. Paul's second imprisonment at Rome. It is marked by the 
 same characteristics as the former work, and it is hoped that it may 
 prove at once a useful Class-Book and a convenient companion to 
 the study of the Greek Testament. The work is divided into three 
 Books /. The Connection between the Old and New Testaments. 
 II. The Gospel History. III. The Apostolic History. In the 
 Appendix are given Chronological Tables The Clerical Journal 
 says, ' ' // is not often that such an amount of useful and inter- 
 esting matter on biblical subjects, is found in so convenient and 
 small a compass, as in this well-arranged volume. " 
 
 A CLASS-BOOK OF THE CATECHISM OF THE 
 CHURCH OF ENGLAND. Second Edition. i8mo. cloth. 
 2s. 6d. 
 
 The present work is intended as a sequel to the two preceding books. 
 ' ' Like them, it is furnished with notes and references to larger 
 works, and it is hoped that it may be found, especially in the higher 
 forms of our Public Schools, to supply a suitable mamial of in- 
 struction in the chief doctrines of our Church, and a useful help 
 in the preparation of Candidates for Confirmation." The Author 
 goes over the Church Catechism clause by clause, and gives all 
 needful explanation and illustration, doctrinal, practical, and 
 historical; the Notes make the work especially valuable to the student 
 and clergyman. Appended are a General Index, an Index 
 of Greek and Latin Words, and an Index of the Words ex- 
 plained throughout the book. The Literary Churchman says, 
 "It is indeed the work of a scholar and divine, and as such, though 
 extremely simple, it is also extremely instructive. There are few 
 clergy who vvould not find it useful in preparing candidates for 
 ' Confirmation; and there are not a few who would find it useful to 
 themselves as well. " 
 
 A FIRST CLASS-BOOK OF THE CATECHISM OF 
 
 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND, with Scripture Proofs for 
 
 Junior Classes and Schools. Second Edition. i8mo. 6d. 
 
 This is an epitome of the larger Class-book, meant for junior students 
 
 and elementary classes. The book has been carefully condensed, so 
 
28 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Maclear (G. F.) continued. ' 
 
 as to contain clearly and fully, the most important part of the 
 contents of the larger book. Like it the present Manual is sub- 
 divided, into jive parts, each part into a number of short chapters, 
 one or more of which might form a suitable lesson, and each 
 chapter is subdivided in a number of sections, each with a pro- 
 minent title indicative of its contents. It will be found a valuable 
 Manual to all who are concerned with the religious training of 
 children. 
 
 A SHILLING-BOOK of OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 i8mo. cloth limp. is. 
 
 This Manual bears the same relation to the larger Old Testament 
 History, that the book just mentioned does to the larger work on the 
 Catechism. As in it, the small-type notes have been omitted, and 
 a clear and full epitome given of the larger work. It consists of 
 Ten Books, divided into short chapters, and subdivided into sections, 
 each section treating of a single episode in the history, the title of 
 which is given in bold type. The Map is clearly printed, and not 
 overcrowded with names. 
 
 A SHILLING-BOOK of NEW TESTAMENT HISTORY. 
 l8mo. cloth limp. I.T. 
 
 This bears the same relation to the larger New Testament History 
 that the work just mentioned has to the large Old Testament 
 History, and is marked by similar characteristics. 
 
 THE ORDER OF CONFIRMATION. A Sequel to the 
 Class-Book of the Church Catechism, with Prayers and Collects. 
 l8mo. $d. 
 
 The Order of Confirmation is given in full, after which the Manual 
 is divided into seven brief chapters: /. " The Meaning of Con- 
 firmation." II. " The Origin of Confirmation." II L, IV., 
 V. "The Order of Confirmation," treating, (i) of " The In- 
 terrogation and Answer," (2) " The Laying on of Hands," 
 (3) "The Prayers and Benediction," VI. "The Holy Com- 
 munion. " Chapter VII. consists of a few suitable Prayers and 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 29 
 
 Maclear (G. F.) continued. 
 
 Collects intended to be used by the candidate during the days of 
 preparation for Confirmation. The Literary Churchman calls it 
 " 'An admirable Manual. Thoroughly sound, clear, and complete 
 in its teaching, with some good, clear, personal advice as to Holy 
 Communion, and a good selection of prayers and collects for those 
 preparing for Confirmation. " 
 
 Macmillan. Works by the Rev. HUGH MACMILLAN. (For 
 other Works by the same Author, see CATALOGUE OF TRAVELS 
 and SCIENTIFIC CATALOGUE). 
 
 THE TRUE VINE; or, the Analogies of our Lord's 
 Allegory. Second Edition. Globe 8vo. 6s. 
 This work is not merely an exposition of the fifteenth chapter of 
 St. John's Gospel, but also a general parable of spiritual truth 
 from the world of plants. It describes a few of the points in 
 which the varied realm of vegetable life comes into contact with the 
 higher spiritual realm, and shews how rich a field of promise lies 
 before the analogical mind in this direction. The majority of the 
 analogies are derived from the grape-vine; but the whole range 
 of the vegetable kingdom is laid under contribution for appropriate 
 illustration. Indeed, Mr. Macmillan has brought into his service 
 many of the results of recent scientific and historic research and 
 biblical criticism; as well as the discoveries of travellers ancient 
 and modern. The work will thus be found not only admirably 
 suited for devotional reading, but also full of valuable and varied 
 instruction. The Nonconformist says, ' ' // abounds in exquisite 
 bits of description, and in striking facts clearly stated" The 
 British Quarterly says, "Readers and preachers who are un- 
 scientific will find many of his illustrations as valuable as they 
 are beautiful. " 
 
 BIBLE TEACHINGS IN NATURE. Seventh Edition. 
 
 Globe Svo. 6s. 
 
 In this volume the author has endeavoured to shew that the teaching 
 of nature and the teaching of the Bible are directed to the same ' 
 great end: that the Bible contains the spiritual truths which are 
 
30 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Macmillan (H.) continued. 
 
 necessary to make us wise unto salvation, and the objects and scenes 
 of nature are the pictures by which these ' truths are illustrated. 
 The first eight chapters describe, as it were, the exterior appearance 
 of natures temple the gorgeous, many-coloured curtain hanging 
 before the shrine. The last seven chapters bring us into the 
 interior the holy place, where is seen the very core of symbolical 
 ordinances. "He has made the world more beautiful to us, and 
 unsealed our ears to voices of praise and messages of love tJiat might 
 otherwise have been unheard." British Quarterly Review. "Mr. 
 Macmillan has produced a book which may be fitly described as one 
 of the happiest efforts for enlisting physical science in the direct 
 service of religion." Guardian. 
 
 THE MINISTRY OF NATURE. Second Edition. Globe 
 
 8vo. 6s. 
 
 Mr. Macmillan believes that nature has a spiritual as well as a 
 material side, that she exists not only for the natural uses of the 
 body, but also for the stistenance of the life of the soul. This higher 
 ministry, the ai4thor believes, explains all the beauty and wonder of 
 the world, which would often be superfluous or extravagant. In 
 this volume o f fourteen chapters the Author attempts to interpret 
 Nature on her religious side in accordance with the most recent 
 discoveries of physical science, and to shew how much greater 
 significance is imparted to many passages of Scripture and many 
 doctrines of Christianity when looked at in the light of these dis- 
 coveries. Instead of regarding Physical Science as antagonistic to 
 Christianity, the Author believes and seeks to shew that ei>ery new 
 discovery tends more strongly to prove that Nature and the Bible 
 have One Author. " Whether the reader agree or not with his 
 conclusions, he will acknowledge he is in tJie presence of an original 
 and thoughtful writer" Pall Mall Gazette. " There is no class 
 of educated men and women that will not profit by these essays ."- 
 Standard. 
 
 M'Cosh. For Works by JAMES McCosH, LL.D., President 
 of Princeton College, New Jersey, U.S., see PHILOSOPHICAL 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 31 
 
 Maurice. Works by the late Rev. F. DENISON MAURICE, 
 M.A., Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Cam- 
 bridge. 
 
 Professor Maurice's Works are recognized as having made a deep 
 impression on modern theology. With whatever subject he dealt 
 he tried to look at it in its bearing on living men and their every- 
 day surroundings , and faced unshrinkingly the difficulties which 
 occur to ordinary earnest thinkers in a manner that showed he had 
 intense sympathy with all that concerns humanity. By all who 
 wish to understand the various drifts of thought during the present 
 century ', Mr. Maurice 1 s works must be studied. An intimate 
 friend of Mr. Maurice's, one who has carefully studied all his 
 works, and had besides many opportunities of 'knowing 'the Author 's 
 opinions, in speaking of his so-called "obscurity" ascribes it to 
 ' ' the never-failing assumption that God is really moving, teaching 
 and acting ; and that the writer'' s business is not so much to state 
 something for the reader's benefit, as to apprehend what God is 
 saying or doing. " The Spectator says "Few of those of our own 
 generation whose names will live in English history or literature 
 have exerted so profound and so permanent an influence as Mr. 
 Maurice" 
 
 THE PATRIARCHS AND LAWGIVERS OF THE 
 OLD TESTAMENT. Third and Cheaper p:dition. Crown 
 8vo. 5J. 
 
 The Nineteen Discourses contained in this volume were preached in the 
 chapel of Lincoln 's Inn during the year 1851. The texts are 
 taken from the books of Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, 
 Joshua, Judges, and Samuel, and involve some of the most in- 
 teresting biblical topics discussed in recent times. 
 
 THE PROPHETS AND KINGS OF THE OLD TES- 
 TAMENT. Third Edition, with new Preface. Crown 8vo. 
 IOJ 1 . 6d. 
 
 The previous work brings down Old Testament history to the time of 
 Samuel. The Sermons contained in the present volume twenty- 
 seven in number, coming dtnvn to the time of Ezekiel though they 
 
32 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Maurice (F. D.) continued. 
 
 commence at that point are distinct in their subject and treatment. 
 Mr. Maurice, in the spirit which animated the compilers of the 
 Church Lessons, has in these Sermons regarded the Prophets more 
 as preachers of righteousness than as mere predictors an aspect 
 of their lives which, he thinks, has been greatly overlooked in our 
 day, and than which, there is none we have more need to con- 
 template. He has found that the Old Testament Prophets, taken 
 in their simple natural sense, clear up many of the difficulties 
 which beset us in the daily work of life ; make the past intelligible, 
 the present endurable, and the future real and hopeful. 
 
 THE GOSPEL OF THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN. 
 A Series of Lectures on the Gospel of St. Luke. Crown 8vo. ys. 
 
 Mr. Maurice, in his Preface to these Twenty-eight Lectures, says, 
 "/ these Lectures I have endeavoured to ascertain what is told 
 us respecting the life of Jesus by one of those Evangelists who pro- 
 claim Him to be the Christ, who says that He did come from a 
 Father, that He did baptize with the Holy Spirit, that He did rise 
 from the dead. I have chosen the one who is most directly con- 
 nected with the later history of the Church, who was not an Apostle, 
 who professedly wrote for the use of a man already instructed in 
 the faith of the Apostles. I have followed the course of the writer's 
 narrative, not changing it under any pretext. I have adhered to 
 his phraseology, striving to avoid the substitution of any other for 
 his." 
 
 THE GOSPEL OF ST. JOHN. A Series of Discourses. 
 Third and Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s. 
 
 These Discourses, twenty-eight in number, are of a nature similar 
 to those on the Gospel of St. Luke, and will be found to render 
 valuable assistance to any one anxious to understand the Gospel of 
 the beloved disciple, so different in many respects from those of the 
 other three Evangelists. Appended are eleven notes illustrating 
 various points which occur throughout the discourses. The Literary 
 Churchman thus speaks of this volume: "Thorough honesty, 
 reverence, and deep thotight pervade the work, which is every way 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 33 
 
 Maurice (F. *&.} continued. 
 
 solid and philosophical, as well as theological, and abounding with 
 suggestions which the patient student may draw out more at length 
 for himself." 
 
 THE EPISTLES OF ST. JOHN. A Series of Lectures 
 on Christian Ethics. Second and Cheaper Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 These Lectures on Christian Ethics were delivered to the students of 
 the Working Men's College, Great Ormond Street, London, on 
 a series of Sunday mornings. There are twenty Lectures in all, . 
 founded on various texts taken from the Epistles of St. John, which 
 abound in passages bearing directly on the conduct of life, the duty 
 of men to God and to each other. It will be found that a very 
 complete system of practical morality is developed in this volume, 
 in which the most important points in Ethics are set forth in an 
 unconventional and interesting manner. Mr. Maurice believes 
 that the question in which we are most interested, the question which 
 most affects our studies and our daily lives, is the question, whether 
 there is a foundation for human morality, or whether it is de- 
 pendent upon the opinions and fashions of different ages and 
 countries. This important question will be found amply and fairly 
 discussed in this volume, which the National Review calls "Mr. 
 Maurices most effective and instructive work. He is peculiarly 
 fitted by the constitution of his mind, to throw light on St. John's 
 writings." Appended is a note on " Positivism and its Teacher." 
 
 EXPOSITORY SERMONS ON THE PRAYER-BOOK. 
 
 The Prayer-book considered especially in reference to the Romish 
 
 System. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. $s. 6d. 
 
 After an Introductory Sermon, Mr. Maurice goes over the various 
 parts of the Church Service, expounds in eighteen Sermons, their 
 intention and significance, and shews how appropriate they are as 
 expressions of the deepest longings and wants of all classes of men. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE APOCALYPSE, or Book of the 
 Revelation of St. John the Divine. Crown 8vo. IQJ. 6d. 
 These Twenty-three Lectures on what is generally regarded as the most 
 
 3 
 
34 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Maurice (F. D.) continued. 
 
 mysterious Book in the Bible, do not demand that extensive know- 
 ledge of ancient or modern history which it is necessary to possess 
 to be able to judge of most modern commentaries on Prophecy. 
 Mr. Maurice, instead of trying to find far-fetched allusions to great 
 historical events in the distant future, endeavours to discover the 
 plain, literal, obvious meaning of the words of the writer, and 
 shews that as a rule these refer to events contemporaneous with or 
 immediately succeeding the time when the book was written. At 
 the same time he shews the applicability of the contents of the 
 book to the circumstances of the present day and of all times. 
 "Never" says the Nonconformist, "has Mr. Maurice been more 
 reverent, more careful for the letter of the Scripture, more discern- 
 ing of the purpose of the Spirit, or more sober and practical in his 
 teaching, than in this volume on the Apocalypse. " 
 
 WHAT IS REVELATION? A Series of Sermons on the 
 Epiphany; to which are added, Letters to a Theological Student 
 on the Bampton Lectures of Mr. Mansel. Crown 8vo. los. 6d. 
 Both Sermons and Letters were called forth by the doctrine main- 
 tained by Mr. Mansel in his Bampton Lectures, that Revelation 
 cannot be a direct Manifestation of the Infinite Nature of God. 
 Mr. Maurice maintains the opposite doctrine, and in his Sermons 
 explains why, in spite of the high authorities on the other side, 
 he must still assert the principle which he discovers in the Services 
 of the Church and throughout the Bible. In the Letters to a 
 Student of Theology, he has followed out all Mr. Manse? s 
 Statements and Arguments step by step. The Nonconformist says, 
 * ' There will be found ample materials to stimulate Christian faith 
 and earnestness, to quicken and give tenderness to charity, and to 
 vivify conceptions of the things not seen which are eternal. 1 " 
 
 SEQUEL TO THE INQUIRY, "WHAT IS REVELA- 
 TION?" Letters in Reply to Mr. Hansel's Examination of 
 " Strictures on the Bampton Lectures." Crown 8vo. 6s. 
 
 This, as the title indicates, was called forth by Mr. ManseVs Ex- 
 amination of Mr. Maurice 1 s Strictures on his doctrine of the 
 Infinite. 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 35 
 
 Maurice (F. D.) continued. 
 
 THEOLOGICAL ESSAYS. Third Edition. Crown 8vo. 
 IOJ-. 6d. 
 
 "The book" says Mr. Maurice, " expresses thoughts which have 
 been working in my mind for years ; the method of it has not been 
 adopted carelessly; even the composition has undergone frequent 
 revision." There are seventeen Essays in all, and although meant 
 primarily for Unitarians, to quote the words of the Clerical 
 Journal, " it leaves untouched scarcely any topic which is in agita- 
 tion in the religious world ; scarcely a moot point between our 
 various sects ; scarcely a plot of debateable ground between Christ- 
 ians and Infidels, bet^veen Romanists and Protestants, between 
 Socinians and other Christians, between English Churchmen and 
 Dissenters on both sides. Scarce is there a misgiving, a dif- 
 ficulty, an aspiration stirring amongst tis now, now, when men 
 seem in earnest as hardly ever before about religion, and ask and 
 demand satisfaction with a fearlessness which seems almost awful 
 when one thinks what is at stake which is not recognised and 
 grappled with by Mr. Maurice." 
 
 THE DOCTRINE OF SACRIFICE DEDUCED FROM 
 
 THE SCRIPTURES. Crown 8vo. 7*. 6d. 
 
 Throughoitt the Nineteen Sermons contained in this volume, Mr. 
 
 Maurice expounds the ideas which he has formed of the Doctrine 
 
 of Sacrifice, as it is set forth in various parts of the Bible. " The 
 
 habitual tone," says the Christian Spectator, li is that of great 
 
 seriousness and calm,' a seriousness which makes an impression of 
 
 its own,- and a serenity which is only broken by some overpowering 
 
 feeling forcing itself into expression, and making itself heard in 
 
 most meaning and stirring words." 
 
 THE RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD, AND THEIR 
 RELATIONS TO CHRISTIANITY. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 
 8vo. $s. 
 
 These Eight Boyle Lectures are divided into two parts, of four 
 Lectures each. In the first part Mr. Maurice examines the great 
 Religious systems which present themselves in the history of the 
 
36 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Maurice (F. D.) continued. 
 
 world, with the purpose of inquiring what is their main cha- 
 racteristic principle. The second four Lectures are occupied with 
 a discussion of the questions, "In what relation does Christianity 
 stand to these different faiths ? If there be a faith which is 
 meant for mankind, is this the one, or must we look for another?^ 
 In the Preface, the most important authorities on the various 
 subjects discussed in the Lectures are referred to, so that the reader 
 may pursue the subject further. 
 
 ON THE LORD'S PRAYER. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 
 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
 
 In these Nine Sermons the successive petitions of the Lord's Prayer 
 are taken up by Mr. Maurice, their significance expounded, and, 
 as was usual with him, connected with the every-day lives, feelings, 
 and aspirations of the men of the present time. They were de- 
 livered in the momentous year 1 848, and frequent allusions are 
 made and lessons drawn from the events of tJi at year. 
 
 ON THE SABBATH DAY ; the Character of the Warrior, 
 and on the Interpretation of History. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
 
 This volume contains Three Sermons on the Sabbath-day, one of 
 them being in reference to the proposed opening of the Crystal 
 Palace on Sunday one on the ''''Character of the Warrior," 
 suggested by the Death of the Duke of Wellington ; the fifth being 
 on '"''The Divine Inter pi'etation of History," delivered during the 
 Great Exhibition oj 1 85 1 . In this last Air. Maurice points out 
 afeiv difficulties which, judging from his own experience, he thinks 
 likely to perplex students of history, explaining ho'iij the Bible has 
 anticipated and resolved them. 
 
 THE GROUND AND OBJECT OF HOPE FOR 
 MANKIND. Four Sermons preached before the University of 
 Cambridge. Crown 8vo. 3-r. 6d. 
 
 In these Four Sermons Mr. Maurice views the subject in four 
 aspects: /. The Hope of the Missionary. II. r J 'he Hope of the 
 Patriot. III. The Hope of the Churchman. IV. The Hope of 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 37 
 
 Maurice (F. D.) continued. 
 
 Man. The Spectator says, "It is impossible to find anywhere 
 deeper teaching than this ;" and the Nonconformist, "We thank 
 him for the manly, noble, stirring words in these Sermons words 
 fitted to quicken thoughts, to awaken high aspiration, to stimulate 
 to lives of goodness" 
 
 THE LORD'S PRAYER, THE CREED, AND THE 
 
 COMMANDMENTS. A Manual for Parents and Schoolmasters. 
 
 To which is added the Order of the Scriptures. i8mo. cloth 
 
 limp. is. 
 
 This book is not written for clergymen, as such, but for parents and 
 teachers, who are often either prejudiced against the contents of the 
 Catechism, or regard it peculiarly as the clergyman 'j book, but, 
 at the same time, have a general notion that a habit of prayer 
 ought to be cultivated, that there are some things which ought to 
 be believed, and some things which ought to be done. It will be 
 found to be peculiarly valuable at the present time, when the 
 question of religious education is occupying so much attention. 
 
 THE CLAIMS OF THE BIBLE AND OF SCIENCE. 
 A Correspondence on some Questions respecting the Pentateuch. 
 Crown 8vo. 4^. 6d. 
 
 This volume consists of a series of Fifteen Letters, the first and last 
 addressed by a ''Layman^ to Mr. Maurice, the intervening thirteen 
 written by Mr. Maurice himself. 
 
 DIALOGUES ON FAMILY WORSHIP. Crown 8vo. 6s. 
 
 " The parties in these Dialogues" says the Preface, "are a Clergy- 
 man who accepts the doctrines of the Church, and a Layman 
 whose faith in them is nearly gone. The object of the Dialogues 
 is not confutation, but the discovery of a ground on which two 
 Englishmen and two fathers may stand, and on which their 
 country and their children may stand when their places know 
 them no more." Some of the most important doctrines of the 
 Church are discussed, the whole series of dialogues tending to shew 
 that men of all shades of belief may look up to and worship God 
 as their common and loving Father. 
 
38 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Maurice (F. D.) continued. 
 
 THE COMMANDMENTS CONSIDERED AS IN- 
 STRUMENTS OF NATIONAL REFORMATION. Crown 
 8vo. 4s. 6d. 
 
 This is a book of practical morality and divinity. It was to some 
 extent occasioned by Dr. Norman Macleod's Speech on the Sabbath, 
 and his views of the Commandments. The author endeavours to 
 shew that the Commandments are now, and ever have been, the 
 great protesters against Presbyteral and Prelatical assumptions, 
 and that if we do not receive them as Commandments of the Lord 
 God spoken to Israel, and spoken to eveiy people under heaven 
 now, we lose the greatest witnesses we possess for national morality 
 and civil freedom. 
 
 MORAL AND METAPHYSICAL PHILOSOPHY. Vol. 
 
 I. Ancient Philosophy from the First to the Thirteenth Centuries. 
 
 Vol. II. Fourteenth Century and the French Revolution, with a 
 
 Glimpse into the Nineteenth Century. Two Vols. 8vo. 2$s. 
 
 This is an edition in huo volumes of Professor Maurices History of 
 Philosophy from the earliest period to the present time. It was 
 formerly issued in a number of separate volumes, and it is believed 
 that all admirers of the author and all students of philosophy will 
 welcome this compact edition. In a long introduction to this edition, 
 in the form of a dialogue, Professor Maurice justifies his own 
 views, and touches upon some of the most important topics of the 
 time. 
 
 SOCIAL MORALITY. Twenty-one Lectures delivered in 
 the University of Cambridge. New and Cheaper Edition. Cr. 
 8vo. los. 6d. 
 
 In this series of Lectures, Professor Maurice considers, historically and 
 critically, Social Morality in its three main aspects : I. ( ' The 
 Relations which spring from the Family Domestic Morality" 
 II. "Relations which subsist among the various constituents of a 
 Nation National Morality." III. "As it concerns Universal 
 Humanity Universal Morality" Appended to each series is a 
 chapter on " Worship:" first, "Family Worship ;" second, 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 39 
 
 Maurice (F. D.) continued. 
 
 "National Worship ;" third, "Universal Worship" "Whilst 
 reading it we are charmed by the freedom from exclusiveness and 
 prejudice, the large charity, the loftiness of thought, the eagerness 
 to recognise and appreciate whatever there is of real worth extant 
 in the world, which animates it from one end to the other. We 
 gain new thoughts and new ways of viewing things, even more, 
 perhaps, from being brought for a time under the influence of so 
 noble and spiritual a mind." Athenaeum. 
 
 THE CONSCIENCE: Lectures on Casuistry, delivered in 
 the University of Cambridge. Second and Cheaper Edition. 
 Crown 8vo. $s. 
 
 In this series of nine Lectures, Professor Maurice, endeavours to 
 settle what is meant by the word "Conscience,' 1 '' and discusses the 
 most important questions immediately connected with the subject. 
 Taking "Casuistry" in its old sense as being the "study of cases 
 of Conscience," he endeavours to show in what way it may be 
 brotight to bear at the present day upon the acts and thoughts of 
 our ordinary existence. He shows that Conscience asks for laws, 
 not rules ; for freedom, not chains / for education, not suppres- 
 sion. He has abstained from the use of philosophical terms, and 
 has touched on philosophical systems only when he fancied "they 
 were interfering with the rights and duties of wayfarers. " The 
 Saturday Review says: " We rise from the perusal of these lectures 
 with a detestation of all that is selfish and mean, and with a living 
 impression that there is such a thing as goodness after all." 
 
 LECTURES ON THE ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY 
 
 OF THE FIRST AND SECOND CENTURIES. Svo. IOT. 6d. 
 
 The work contains a series of graphic sketches and vivid portraits, 
 
 bringing forcibly before the reader the life of the early Church in all 
 
 its main aspects. In the first chapter on ' ' The Jewish Calling," besides 
 
 expounding his idea oft/ig true nattire of a " Church" the author 
 
 gives a brief sketch of the position and economy of the Jews ; while 
 
 in the second he points out their relation to "the other Nations." 
 
 Chapter Third contains a succint account of the vario:is Jeivish 
 
40 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Maurice (F. D.) continued. 
 
 Sects, while in Chapter fourth are briefly set forth Mr. Maurice's 
 ideas of the character of Christ and the nature of His mission, and 
 a sketch of events is given up to the Day of Pentecost. The re- 
 maining Chapters, extending from the Apostles' personal Ministry 
 to the end of the Second Centiiry, contain sketches of the character 
 and work of all the prominent men in any way connected with the 
 Early Church, accounts of the origin and nature of the various 
 doctrines orthordox and heretical which had their birth during the 
 period, as well as of the planting and early history of the Chief 
 Churches in Asia, Africa and Europe. 
 
 LEARNING AND WORKING. Six Lectures delivered 
 in Willis's Rooms, London, in June and July, 1854. THE 
 RELIGION OF ROME, and its Influence on Modern Civilisa- 
 tion. Four Lectures delivered in the Philosophical Institution of 
 Edinburgh, in December, 1854. Crown 8vo. $s. 
 In the Dedication and Preface to this volume, Professor Maurice 
 shows that these two sets of Lectures have many points of connec- 
 tion. In the first series of Lectures the author endeavours to ex- 
 plain to such an audience as was likely to meet in Willis's Rooms, 
 the scope and aims of the course of education established at the 
 then recently founded Working Merfs College, and at the same 
 time expounds his notions of education in general, the pivot of his 
 system being the truth that Learning and Working are not incom- 
 patible. The title to the second series is a sufficient index to their 
 nature. 
 
 Moorhouse. Works by JAMES MOORHOUSE, M.A., Vicar 
 
 of Paddington : 
 
 SOME MODERN DIFFICULTIES RESPECTING the 
 FACTS OF NATURE AND REVELATION. Fcap. 8vo. 
 2.s. 6d. 
 
 The first of these Four Discourses is a systematic reply to the Essay 
 of the Rev. Baden Powell on Christian Evidences in " ''Essays and 
 Reviews.' 1 '' The fourth Sermon, on "The Resurrection," is in 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 41 
 
 Moorhouse (J.) continued. 
 
 some measure complementary to this, and the tivo together are 
 intended to furnish a tolerably complete view of modern objections 
 to Revelation. In the second and third Sermons, on the " Tempta- 
 tion" and '''Passion" the author has endeavoured "to exhibit the 
 power and wonder of those great facts within the spiritual sphere, 
 which modern theorists have especially sought to discredit" The 
 British Quarterly says of them, " The tone of the discussion is 
 able, and throughout conservative of Scriptural truth" 
 
 JACOB. Three Sermons preached before the University of 
 Cambridge in Lent 1870. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3^. 6d. 
 
 In these Three Sermons the author endeavours to indicate the course 
 of that Divine training by which the patriarch Jacob was converted 
 from a deceitful and unscrupulous into a pious and self-denying 
 man. In the first Sermon is considered " The Human Subject," 
 or the nature to be trained ; in the second " The Divine Pmver" 
 the power by which that training was effected ; and in the third 
 " The Great Change" or the course and form of the training. 
 
 THE HULSEAN LECTURES FOR 1865. Cr. 8vo. 5*. 
 
 The following are the subjects of the Four Hulsean Lectures in this 
 volume : /. ^^ Bearing of Present Controversies on the Doctrine of 
 the Incarnation" II. " 'How far the Hypothesis of a real Limit- 
 ation in our Saviour's Hitman Knowledge is consistent with the 
 Doctrine of His Divinity. " III. ' * The Scriptural Evidence of 
 our Saviours Sinlessness." IV. lt What Kind and Degree of 
 Human Ignorance were left possible to our Lord Jesus Christ by 
 the fact of His Human Sinlessness" "Fezv more valuable works 
 have come into our hands for many years . . . a most fruitful and 
 welcome volume" Church Review. 
 
 O'Brien. AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN and ESTAB- 
 LISH THE DOCTRINE OF JUSTIFICATION by FAITH 
 ONLY. By JAMES THOMAS O'BRIEN, D.D., Bishop of Ossory. 
 Third Edition. 8vo. 12s. 
 This work consists of Ten Sermons. The first four treat of the nature 
 
42 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 and mutual relations of Faith and Justification ; the fifth and 
 sixth examine the corruptions of the doctrine of Justification by Faith 
 only, and the objections which have been urged against it. TJiefour 
 concluding sermons deal with the moral effects of Faith. Various 
 Notes are added explanatory of the Author's reasoning. 
 
 Palgrave. HYMNS. By FRANCIS TURNER PALGRAVE. 
 
 Third Edition, enlarged. i8mo. u. 6d. 
 
 This is a collection of twenty original Hymns, which the Literary 
 Churchman speaks of as "so choice, so perfect, and so refined, 
 so tender in feeling, and so scholarly in expression." 
 
 Palmer. THE BOOK OF PRAISE: From the Best 
 English Hymn Writers. Selected and arranged by Lord SELBORNE. 
 With Vignette by WOOLNER. iSmo. 4*. 6d. 
 
 The present is an attempt to present, under a convenient arrangement, 
 a collection of such examples of a copious and interesting branch of 
 popular literature, as, after several years' study of the subject, have 
 seemed to the Editor most worthy of being separated from the mass 
 to which they belong. It has been the Editor's desire and aim to 
 adhere strictly, in all cases in which it could be ascertained, to the 
 genuine uncorrupted text of the authors themselves. The names of 
 the authors and date of composition of the hymns, when known, 
 are affixed, while notes are added to the volume, giving further 
 details. The Hymns are arranged according to subjects. " There 
 is not room for two opinions as to the value of the l Book of Praise. ' " 
 Guardian. " 'Approaches as nearly as one can conceive to per- 
 fection. " Nonconformist. 
 
 BOOK OF PRAISE HYMNAL. See end of this Catalogue. 
 
 Paul of Tarsus. An Inquiry into the Times and the 
 Gospel of the Apostle of the Gentiles. By a GRADUATE. 8vo. 
 IOJ-. 6d. 
 
 The Author of this work has attempted, out of the materials which 
 were at his disposal, to construct for himself a sketch of the time in 
 which St. Paul lived, of the religious systems with which he was 
 brought in contact, of the doctrine which he taught, and of the 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 43 
 
 work which he ultimately achieved. " Turn where we will 
 throughout the volume, we find the best fruit of patient inquiry, 
 sound scholarship, logical argument, and fairness of conclusion. 
 No thoughtful reader will rise from its perusal without a real and 
 lasting profit to himself, and a sense of permanent addition to the 
 cause of truth" Standard. 
 
 Prescott. THE THREEFOLD CORD. Sermons preached 
 before the University of Cambridge. By J. E. PRESCOTT, B.D. 
 Fcap. 8vo. $s. 6d. 
 
 The title of this volume is derived from the subjects of the first three 
 of these Sermons Love, Hope, Faith. Their full titles are : 
 /. * ' Christ the Bringer of PeaceLove. " II. " Christ the Reno- 
 vatorHope." III. "Christ the Light Faith" The fourth, 
 an Assize Sermon, is on ; ' The Divinity of Justice. " The Sermons 
 are an attempt to shew that Christian theology is sufficient for the 
 wants of the present day. 
 
 Procter. A HISTORY OF THE BOOK OF COMMON 
 PRAYER: With a Rationale of its Offices. By FRANCIS 
 PROCTER, M.A. Tenth Edition, revised and enlarged. Crown 
 8vo. los. 6d. 
 
 The fact that in fifteen years nine editions of this volume have been 
 called for, shews that such a work was wanted, and that to a large 
 extent Mr. Procters book has supplied the want, "fn the course 
 of the last thirty years," the author says, ''the whole subject has 
 been investigated by divines of great learning, and it was mainly with 
 a view of epitomizing their extensive publications, and correcting 
 by their help sundry traditional errors or misconceptions, that the 
 present volume was put together." The Second Part is occupied 
 with an account of i ''The Sources and Rationale of the Offices." 
 The Athenseum says: " The origin of every part of the Prayer- 
 book has been diligently investigated, and there are few questions 
 or facts connected with it which are not either sufficiently explained, 
 or so referred to, that persons interested may work out the truth for 
 themselves. " 
 
44 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Procter and Maclear. AN ELEMENTARY INTRO- 
 DUCTION TO THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. 
 
 Fourth Edition, Re-arranged and Supplemented by an Explanation 
 
 of the Morning and Evening Prayer and the Litany. By F. 
 
 PROCTER, M.A. and G. F. MACLEAR, D.D. i8mo. 2s. 6d. 
 
 This book has the same object and follows the same plan as the 
 Manuals already noticed under Mr. Macleans name. Each book 
 is subdivided into chapters and sections. In Book I. is given a 
 detailed History of the Book of Common Prayer down to the 
 Attempted Revision in the Reign of William III. Book II. , con- 
 sisting of four Parts, treats in order the various parts of the 
 Prayer Book. Valuable Notes, etymological, historical, and critical, 
 are given throughout the book, while the Appendix contains several 
 articles of much interest and importance. Appended is a General 
 Index and an Index of Words explained in the Notes. The 
 Literary Churchman characterizes it as " by far the completest 
 and most satisfactory book of its kind we know. We wish it 
 were in the hands of every schoolboy and every schoolmaster in the 
 kingdom " 
 
 Psalms of David CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED. 
 An Amended Version, with Historical Introductions and Ex- 
 planatory Notes. By FOUR FRIENDS. Second and Cheaper 
 Edition, much enlarged. Crown 8vo. Ss. 6d. 
 One of the chief designs of the Editors, in preparing this volume, 
 was to restore the Psalter as far as possible to the order in which 
 the Psalms were written. They give the division of each Psalm 
 into strophes, and of each strophe into the lines which composed it, 
 and amend the errors of translation. In accomplishing this work 
 they have mainly followed the guidance of Professor Henry Ewald. 
 A Supplement contains the chief specimens of Hebrew Lyric poetry 
 not included in the Book of Psalms. The Spectator calls it "One 
 of the most instructive and valuable books that have been published 
 for many years. " 
 
 Golden Treasury Psalter. THE STUDENT'S EDITION. 
 
 Being an Edition with briefer Notes of the above. 181110. 3^. 6d. 
 This volume will be found to meet the requirements of those who wish 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 45 
 
 for a smaller edition of the larger work, at a lower price for family 
 use, and for the ttse of younger pupils in Public Schools. The 
 short notes which are appended to the volume will, it is hoped, 
 suffice to make the meaning intelligible throughout. The aim of 
 this edition is simply to put the reader as far as possible in pos- 
 session of the plain meaning of the writer. "It is. a gem," the 
 Nonconformist says. 
 
 Ramsay. THE CATECHISER'S MANUAL; or, the 
 Church Catechism Illustrated and Explained, for the Use of 
 Clergymen, Schoolmasters, and Teachers. By ARTHUR RAMSAY, 
 M.A. Second Edition. i8mo. is. 6d. 
 
 This Manual, which is in the form of question and answer, is in- 
 tended to afford full assistance both to learners and teachers, to 
 candidates for Confirmation as well as to clergymen, in the 
 understanding of the Church Catechism, and of all the matters 
 referred to therein. 
 
 Rays of Sunlight for Dark Days. A Book of Selec- 
 tions for the Suffering. With a Preface by C. J. VAUGHAN, D.D. 
 l8mo. Fifth Edition. 3^. 6d. Also in morocco, old style. 
 Dr. Vaughan says in the Preface, after speaking of the general run 
 of Books of Comfort for Mourners, ' ' It is because I think that 
 the little volume now offered to the Christian sufferer is one of 
 greater wisdom and of deeper experience, that I have readily con- 
 sented to the request that I would introduce it by a few words of 
 Preface" The book consists of a series of very brief extracts from 
 a great variety of authors, in prose and poetry, suited to the many 
 moods of a mourning or suffering mind. " ''Mostly gems of the first 
 water. " Clerical Journal. 
 
 Reynolds. NOTES OF THE CHRISTIAN LIFE. A 
 Selection of Sermons by HENRY ROBERT REYNOLDS, B.A., 
 President of Cheshunt College, and Fellow of University College, 
 London. Crown 8vo. Js. 6d. 
 
 T/iif work may be taken as representative of the mode of thought and 
 feeling which is most popular amongst the freer and more cultivated 
 
46 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Nonconformists. " The reader throughout" says the Patriot, 
 "feels himself in the grasp of an earnest and careful thinker." 
 "It is long" says the Nonconformist, "since we have met with 
 any published sermons better calculated than these to stimulate 
 devout thought, and to bring home to the soul the reality of a 
 spiritual life" 
 
 Roberts. DISCUSSIONS ON THE GOSPELS. By the 
 Rev. ALEXANDER ROBERTS, D.D. Second Edition, revised and 
 enlarged. 8vo. i6s. 
 
 This volume is divided into two parts. Part I. ( ' On the Language 
 employed by our Lord and His Disciples" in which the author 
 endeavours to prove that Greek was the language usually employed 
 by Christ Himself, in opposition to the common belief that Our 
 Lord spoke Aramcean. Part II. is occupied with a discussion 
 ' ' On the Original Language of St. Matthew's Gospel \ " and on 
 "The Origin and Authenticity of the Gospels" "The author 
 brings the valuable qualifications of learning, temper, and an 
 independent judgment. " Daily News. 
 
 Robertson. PASTORAL COUNSELS. Being Chapters 
 on Practical and Devotional Subjects. By the late JOHN ROBERT- 
 SON, D.D. Third Edition, with a Preface by the Author of 
 " The Recreations of a Country Parson." Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s. 
 These Sermons are the free utterances of a strong and independent 
 thinker. He does not depart from the essential doctrines of his 
 Church, but he expotmds them in a spirit of the vvidest charity, and 
 always having most prominently in view the requirements of prac- 
 tical life. ' ' The sermons are admirable specimens of a practical, 
 earnest, and instructive style of pulpit teaching. "Nonconformist. 
 
 Rowsell. MAN'S LABOUR AND GOD'S HARVEST. 
 
 Sermons preached before the University of Cambridge in Lent, 
 
 1 86 1. Fcap. 8vo. 3^. 
 
 This volume contains Five Sermons, the general drift of which is 
 indicated by the title. * ' We strongly recommend this little volume 
 to young men, and especially to those who are contemplating work- 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 47 
 
 ing for Christ in Holy Orders" Literary Churchman. "Mr. 
 RowselVs Sermons must, we feel sure, have touched the heart of 
 many a Cambridge Undergraduate, and are deserving of a wide 
 general circulation" The Ecclesiastic. 
 
 Salmon. THE REIGN OF LAW, and other Sermons, 
 preached in the Chapel of Trinity College, Dublin. By the Rev. 
 GEORGE SALMON, D.D., Regius Professor of Divinity in the 
 University of Dublin. Crown 8vo. 6s. 
 
 Sanday. THE AUTHORSHIP AND HISTORICAL 
 CHARACTER OF THE FOURTH GOSPEL, considered in 
 reference to the Contents of the Gospel itself. A Critical Essay. 
 By WILLIAM SANDAY, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. 
 Crown 8vo. 8s. 6d. 
 
 The object of this Essay is critical and nothing more. The Author 
 attempts to apply faithfully and persistently to the contents of the 
 much disputed fourth Gospel that scientific method which has been 
 so successful in other directions. ' ' The facts of religion" the 
 Author believes, "(i. e. the documents, the history of religiotts 
 bodies, &c. } are as much facts as the lie of a coal-bed or the forma- 
 tion of a coral-reef" *' The Essay is not only most valuable in 
 itself, but full of promise for the future." Canon Westcott in the 
 Academy. 
 
 Sergeant. SERMONS. By the Rev. E. W. SERGEANT, 
 M.A., Balliol College, Oxford; Assistant Master at Westminster 
 College. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
 
 This volume contains Nine Sermons on a variety of topics, preached 
 by the author at various times and to various classes of hearers. 
 The First Sermon is on Free Inquiry. 
 
 Smith. PROPHECY A PREPARATION FOR CHRIST. 
 
 Eight Lectures preached before the University of Oxford, being the 
 Bampton Lectures for 1869. By R. PAYNE SMITH, D.D., Dean 
 of Canterbury. Second and Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s. 
 The authors object in these Lectures is to shew that there exists in the 
 
48 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Old Testament an element ', which no criticism on naturalistic 
 principles can either account for or explain away: that element is 
 Prophecy. The author endeavours to prove that its force does not 
 consist merely in its predictions. TJie Bible describes man's first 
 estate of innocency, his fall \ and the promise given by God of his 
 restoration. Virtually the promise meant that God would give 
 man a true religion; and the author asserts that Christianity is 
 the sole religion on earth that fulfils the. conditions necessary to 
 constitute a true religion. God has pledged His own attributes 
 in its behalf ; this pledge He has given in miracle and prophecy. 
 The author endeavours to shew the reality of that portion of the 
 proof founded on prophecy. * ' These Lectures overflow with solid 
 learning. " Record. 
 
 Smith. CHRISTIAN FAITH. Sermons preached before 
 
 the University of Cambridge. By W. SAUMAREZ SMITH, M.A., 
 
 Principal of St. Aidan's College, Birkenhead. Fcap. 8vo. $s. 6d. 
 
 The first two sermons in this volume have special reference to the 
 
 Person of Christ ; the next two are concerned with the inner life 
 
 of Christians ; and the last speaks of the outward development of 
 
 Christian faith. "Appropriate and earnest sermons ', suited to the 
 
 practical exhortation of an educated congregation." Guardian. 
 
 Stanley. Works by the Very Rev. A. P. STANLEY, D.D., 
 Dean of Westminster. 
 
 THE ATHANASIAN CREED, with a Preface on the 
 General Recommendations of the RITUAL COMMISSION. Cr. 
 Svo. 2s. 
 
 The object of the work is not so much to urge the omission or change 
 of the Athanasian Creed, as to shew that such a relaxation ought 
 to give offence to no reasonable or religious mind. With this 
 view, the Dean of Westminster discusses in succession (i) the 
 Authorship of the Creed, (2) its Internal Characteristics, (3) the 
 Peculiarities of its Use in the Church of England, (4) its Ad- 
 vantages and Disadvantages, (5) its various Interpretations, and 
 (6) the Judgment passed upon it by the Ritual Commission. In 
 conclusion, Dr. Stanley maintains that the use of the Athanasian 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 49 
 
 Stanley (Dean) continued. 
 
 Creed should no longer be made compulsory. ' 'Dr. Stanley puts 
 with admirable force the objections which may be made to the Creed ; 
 equally admirable, we think, in his statement of its advantages. "- 
 Spectator. 
 
 THE NATIONAL THANKSGIVING. Sermons preached 
 in Westminster Abbey. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
 These Sermons are (i) "Death and Life" preached December 10, 
 1871; (2) " T/ie Trumpet of Patmos," December 17, 1871; 
 (3) " The Day of Thanksgiving" March 3, 1872. It is hoped 
 that these Sermons may recall, in some degree, the serious reflections 
 connected with the Prince of Wales' s illness, which, if the nation is 
 true to itself, ought not to perish with the moment. The proceeds of 
 the publication will be devoted to the Fund for the Restoration of 
 St. Paulas Cathedral. li In point of fervour and polish by far the 
 best specimens in print of Dean Stanley's eloquent style. " Standard. 
 
 Sunday Library. See end of this Catalogue. 
 
 Swainson. Works by C. A. SWAINSON, D.D., Canon of 
 
 Chichester : 
 
 THE CREEDS OF THE CHURCH IN THEIR RE- 
 LATIONS TO HOLY SCRIPTURE and the CONSCIENCE 
 OF THE CHRISTIAN. Svo. cloth, gs. 
 
 The Lectures which compose this votume discuss, amongst others, the 
 following subjects : "Faith in God," " Exercise of our Reason" 
 "Origin and Authority of Creeds," and "Private Judgment, its 
 use and exercise." " Treating of abstruse points of Scripture, he 
 applies them so forcibly to Christian duty and practice as to prove 
 eminently serviceable to the Church." John Bull. 
 
 THE AUTHORITY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, 
 and other LECTURES, delivered before the University of Cam- 
 bridge. Svo. cloth. \2s. 
 
 The first series of Lectures in this work is on " The Words spoken by 
 
 4 
 
50 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 the Apostles of Jesus" " The Inspiration of God's Servants" 
 " TJie Human Character of the Inspired Writers" and " The 
 Divine Character of tJie Word written" The second embraces 
 Lectures on "Sin as Imperfection" "Sin as Self-will," " 'What- 
 soever is not of Faith is Sin" " Christ the Saviour" and " The 
 Blood of the New Covenant" The third is on "Christians One 
 Body in Christ" " The One Body the Spouse of Christ" " Christ's 
 Prayer for Unity," " Our Reconciliation should be manifested in 
 common Worship," and " Ambassadors for Christ" "All the 
 grave and awful questions associated with human sinfulness and 
 the Divine plan of redemption are discussed with minute and 
 painstaking care, and in the Appendix all the passages of Scripture 
 referring to them are marshalled and critically revieiued." 
 Wesleyan Times. 
 
 Taylor. THE RESTORATION OF BELIEF. New and 
 
 Revised Edition. By ISAAC TAYLOR, Esq. Crown 8vo. 8s. 6d. 
 
 TJie earlier chapters are occupied with an examination of tJie primitive 
 history of the Christian Religion, and its relation to the Roman 
 government ', and here, as well as in the remainder of the work, the 
 author shews the bearing of that history on some of the difficult and 
 interesting questions which have recently been claiming the attention 
 of all earnest men. The book will be found to contain a clear and 
 full statement of the case as it at present stands in behalf of Christ- 
 ianity. The last chapter of this New Edition treats of "The 
 Present Position of the Argument concerning Christianity" with 
 special reference to M. Renaris Vie de Jesus. The Journal of 
 Sacred Literature says, "The current of thought which runs 
 through this book is calm and clear, its tone is earnest, its manner 
 courteous. The author has carefully studied the successive problems 
 which he so ably Jiandles. " 
 
 Temple. SERMONS PREACHED IN THE CHAPEL 
 of RUGBY SCHOOL. ByF. TEMPLE, D.D., Bishop of Exeter. 
 New and Cheaper Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4?. 6d. 
 
 This volume contains Thirty-five Sermons on topics more or less inti- 
 mately connected with every-day life. The following are a few of 
 the subjects discoursed tipon : "Love and Duty:" '"'Coming to 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 51 
 
 Temple (F., D.D.) continued. 
 
 Christ;" "Great Men;'" "Faith;" "Doubts;" "Scruples;" 
 " Original Sin ;" "Friendship;" " Helping Others ;" " The Dis- 
 cipline of Temptation;" "Strength a Duty;" " Worldliness ;" 
 "III Temper;" " The Burial of the Past." The Critic speaks of 
 them thus : " We trust that the tender affectionate spirit of practical 
 Christianity which runs through every page of the volume will have 
 its due effect. . . . desiring to rouse the youthful hearers to a sense of 
 duty, and to arm them against the perils and dangers of the world 
 against which they are so soon to battle. " 
 
 A SECOND SERIES OF SERMONS PREACHED IN 
 THE CHAPEL OF RUGBY SCHOOL. Second Edition. 
 Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 This Second Series of Forty -two brief \ pointed, practical Sermons, on 
 topics intimately connected with the every -day life of young and old, 
 will be acceptable to all who are acquainted with the First Series. 
 The following are a few of the subjects treated of : il Disobedience, " 
 "Almsgiving," " The Unknown Guidance of God" "Apathy one 
 of our Trials," "High Aims in Leaders," "Doing our Best" 
 "The Use of Knowledge," " Use of Observances," il Martha and 
 Mary," "John the Baptist," "Severity before Mercy," "Even 
 Mistakes Punished," "Morality and Religion," " Children," 
 "Action the Test of Spiritual Life ," "Self -Respect," "Too Late," 
 " The Tercentenary." 
 
 A THIRD SERIES OF SERMONS PREACHED IN 
 RUGBY SCHOOL CHAPEL IN 18671869. Extra fcap. 
 8vo. 6s. 
 
 This third series of Bishop Temple's Rugby Sermons, contains thirty- 
 six brief discourses, characterized by "a penetrating and direct 
 practicalness, informed by a rare intuitive sympathy wit/i boy- 
 nature ; its keen perception of reality and earnestness, its equally 
 keen sympathy with what is noblest in sentiment and feelings " 
 The volume includes the " Good-bye" sermon preached on his 
 leaving Rugby to enter on the office he now holds. 
 
52 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Thring. Works by Rev. EDWARD THRING, M.A. 
 
 SERMONS DELIVERED AT UPPINGHAM SCHOOL. 
 
 Crown 8vo. $s. 
 
 In this volume are contained Forty-seven brief Sermons, all on 
 subjects more or less intimately connected with Public-school life. 
 "We desire very highly to commend these capital Sermons which 
 treat of a boy's life and trials in a thoroughly practical way and 
 with gi-eat simplicity andimpressiveness. They deserve to be classed 
 with the best of their kind" Literary Churchman. 
 
 THOUGHTS ON LIFE-SCIENCE. New Edition, en- 
 larged and revised. Crown Svo. *]s. 6d. 
 
 In this volume are discussed in a familiar -manner some of the most 
 interesting problems between Science and Religion, Reason and 
 Feeling. ' 'Learning and Science, ' ' says the A uthor, ' 'are claiming 
 the right of building tip and pulling down everything, especially 
 the latter. It has seemed to me no useless task to look steadily at 
 what has happened, to take stock as it were of man's gains, and to 
 endeavour amidst new circumstances to arrive at some rational 
 estimate of the bearings of things, so that the limits of what is pos- 
 sible at all events may be clearly marked out for ordinary readers. 
 .... This book is an endeavour^ to bring out some of the main 
 facts of the world" 
 
 Tracts for Priests and People. By VARIOUS 
 
 WRITERS. 
 
 THE FIRST SERIES. Crown Svo. 8s. 
 
 THE SECOND SERIES. Crown Svo. 8s. 
 
 The whole Series of Fifteen Tracts may be had separately, price 
 One Shilling each. 
 
 A series of papers written after the excitement aroused by the publica- 
 tion of " Essays and Reviews" had somewhat abated, and designed, 
 by the exposition of positive truth, to meet the religious difficulties of 
 honest inquirers. Amongst the writers are Mr. Thomas Hughes, 
 Professor Maurice, the Rev. J. Llewellyn Davies, and Mr. J. M. 
 Ludlow. 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 53 
 
 Trench. Works by R. CHENEVIX TRENCH, D.D., Arch- 
 bishop of Dublin. (For other Works by the same author, see 
 BIOGRAPHICAL, BELLES LETTRES, and LINGUISTIC CATA- 
 LOGUES). 
 
 Archbishop Trench is well known as a writer who has the happy 
 faculty of being able to take with discrimination the results of the 
 highest criticism and scholarship, and present them in such a shape 
 as will be not only valuable to scholars, but interesting, intelligible, 
 and of the greatest use even to the ordinary reader. It is generally 
 acknowledged that few men have been more successful in bringing 
 out the less obvious meanings of the New Testament, or done more 
 for the popular yet scholarly exposition of the Bible generally. 
 
 NOTES ON THE PARABLES OF OUR LORD. 
 Eleventh Edition. 8vo. I2s. 
 
 This work has taken its place as a standard exposition and interpret- 
 ation of Christ 1 s Parables. TJie book is prefaced by an Intro- 
 ductory Essay in four chapters: /. On the definition of the 
 Parable. II. On Teaching by Parables. III. On the Interpret- 
 ation of the Parables. IV. On other Parables besides those in the 
 Scriptures. The author then proceeds to take up the Parables one 
 by one, and by the aid of philology, history, antiquities, and the 
 researches of travellers, shews forth the significance, beauty, and 
 applicability of each, concluding with what he deems its true moral 
 interpretation. In the numerous Notes are many valuable references, 
 illustrative quotations, critical and philological annotations, etc. , 
 and appended to the volume is a classified list of fifty-six works on 
 the Parables. 
 
 NOTES ON THE MIRACLES OF OUR LORD. 
 
 Ninth Edition. 8vo. 12s. 
 
 In the ''Preliminary Essay"* to this work, all the momentous and 
 interesting questions that have been raised in connection with 
 Miracles, are discussed with considerable fulness, and the author's 
 usual candour and learning. The Essay consists of six chapters : 
 /. On the Names of Miracles, i. e. the Greek words by which 
 they are designated in the New Testament. II. The Miracles 
 
54 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Trench continued. 
 
 and Nature What is the difference between a Miracle and 
 any event in the ordinary course of Nature? III. The 
 Authority of Miracles Is the Miracle to command absolute obe- 
 dience? IV. The Evangelical, compared with tJie other cycles of 
 Miracles. V. The Assaults on the Miracles i. TJie Jewish. 
 2. The Heathen (Celsus etc.). 3. The Pantheistic (Spinosa etc.). 
 4. The Sceptical (Hume). 5. The Miracles only relatively mi- 
 raculous (Schleicnnachcr). 6. The Rationalistic (Paulus). 7. 
 The Historico- Critical ( Woolston, Strauss). VI. The Apologetic 
 Worth of the Miracles. The author then treats the separate 
 Miracles as he does the Parables. 
 
 SYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. New 
 
 Edition, enlarged. 8vo. cloth. 12s. 
 
 The study of synonyms in any language is valuable as a discipline 
 for training tJie mind to close and accurate habits of thought ; 
 more especially is this the case in Greek "a language spoken by 
 a people of the finest and subtlest intellect ; who saw distinctions 
 wJiere others saw none ; who divided out to different words what 
 others often were content to huddle confusedly tinder a common 
 term. . . . Where is it so desirable that we should miss nothing, 
 that we should lose no finer intention of the writer, as in those 
 words which are the vehicles of the very mind of God Himself?" 
 This work is recognised as a valuable companion to every student 
 of the New Testament in the original. This, the Seventh Edition, 
 has been carefully revised, and a considerable number of new 
 synonyms added. Appended is an Index to the Synonyms, and 
 an Index to many other words alluded to or explained throughout 
 the work. "He is," the Athenaeum says, "a guide in this depart- 
 
 ment of knowledge to whom his readers may intrust themselves with 
 confidence. His sober judgment and sound sense are barriers against 
 the misleading influence of arbitrary hypotheses." 
 
 ON THE AUTHORIZED VERSION OF THE NEW 
 TESTAMENT. Second Edition. 8vo. ;j. 
 Archbishop Trench's familiarity with the New Testament makes 
 him peculiarly fitted to estimate the value of the present translation, 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 55 
 
 Tre n ch continued. 
 
 and to give directions as to how a new one should be proceeded 
 with. After some Introductory Remarks, in which the propriety 
 of a revision is briefly discussed, the whole question of the merits 
 of the present version is gone into in detail, in eleven chapters. 
 Appended is a chronological list of works bearing on the subject, 
 an Index of the principal Texts considered, an Index of Greek 
 Words, and an Index of other Words referred to throughout the 
 book. 
 
 STUDIES IN THE GOSPELS. Second Edition. 8vo. 
 ios. 6d. 
 
 This book is published under the conviction that the assertion often 
 made is tintrue, viz. that the Gospels are in the main plain and 
 easy, and that all the chief difficulties of the New Testament are 
 to be found in the Epistles. These li Studies, " sixteen in number, 
 are the fruit of a much larger scheme, and each Study deals 
 with some important episode mentioned in the Gospels, in a critical, 
 philosophical, and practical manner. Many learned references 
 and quotations are added to the Notes. Among the subjects treated 
 are: The Temptation ; Christ and the Samaritan Woman; The 
 Three Aspirants ; The Transfiguration; Zacchczus ; The True 
 Vine;, The Penitent Malefactor ; Christ and the Two Disciples on 
 the way to Emmaus. 
 
 COMMENTARY ON THE EPISTLES to the SEVEN 
 
 CHURCHES IN ASIA. Third Edition, revised. 8vo. 8s. 6d. 
 
 The present work consists of an Introduction, being a commentary 
 
 on Rev. i. 4 20, a detailed examination oj each of the Seven 
 
 Epistles, in all its bearings, and an Excursus on the Historico- 
 
 Prophetical Interpretation of the Epistles. 
 
 THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT. An Exposition 
 drawn from the writings of St. Augustine, with an Essay on his 
 merits as an Interpreter of Holy Scripture. Third Edition, en- 
 larged. 8vo. ios. 6d. 
 
 The first half of the present work consists of a dissertation in eight 
 chapters on "Augustine as an Interpreter of Scripture," the titles 
 
56 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Trench continued. 
 
 of the several chapters being as folloiu : /. AugustinJs General 
 Views of Scripture and its Interpretation. II. The External 
 Helps for tJie Interpretation of Scripture possessed by Augustine. 
 III. Augustine's Principles and Canons of Inter pi'etation. IV. 
 Augustine^ s Allegorical Interpretation of Scripture. V. Illustra- 
 tions of AugustinJs Skill as an Interpreter of Scripture. VI. 
 Augustine on John the Baptist and on St. Stephen. VII. Au- 
 gustine on the Epistle to the Romans. VIII. Miscellaneous Ex- 
 amples of Augustine^ s Interpretation of Scripture. The latter half 
 of the* work consists of August'inJs Exposition of the Sermon on 
 the Mount, not however a. mere series of quotations from Augustine, 
 but a connected account of his sentiments on the various passages of 
 that Sermon, interspersed with criticisms by Archbishop Trench. 
 
 SERMONS PREACHED in WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 
 Second Edition. 8vo. icxr. 6d. 
 
 These Sermons embrace a wide variety of topics, and are thoroughly 
 practical, earnest, and evangelical, and simple in style. The 
 following are a few of the subjects: * ' Tercentenary Celebration 
 of Queen Elizabeths Accession;" "Conviction and Conversion;" 
 " The Incredulity of Thomas ;" " The Angels' Hymn;" "Count- 
 ing the Cost /" " The Holy Trinity in Relation to our Prayers ;" 
 "On the Death of General Havelock;" "Christ Weeping over 
 
 . Jerusalem;" "Walking with Christ in White." 
 
 SHIPWRECKS OF FAITH. Three Sermons preached 
 before the University of Cambridge in May, 1867. Fcap. 8vo. 
 2s. 6d. 
 
 These Sermons are especially addressed to young men. The subjects 
 are "Balaam," "Saul," and "Judas Iscariot," three of the 
 mournfullest lives recorded in Scripture, '"''for the greatness of 
 their vocation, and their disastrous falling short of the same, 
 for the utter defeat of their lives, for the shipwreck of everything 
 which they made. " These lives are set forth as beacon-lights, 
 ' ' to warn us off from perilous reefs and quicksands, which have 
 been the destruction of many, and which might only too easily be 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 57 
 
 Trench continued. 
 
 ours. ' ' The John Bull says, ' ' they are, like all he writes, affectionate 
 and earnest discourses." 
 
 SERMONS Preached for the most part in Ireland. 8vo. 
 
 los. 6d. 
 
 This volume consists of Thirty-two Sermons, the greater part of 
 which were preached in Ireland ; the subjects are as follows : 
 Jacob, a Prince with God and with Men Agrippa The Woman 
 that was a Sinner Secret Faults The Seven Worse Spirits 
 Freedom in the Truth Joseph and his Brethren Bearing one 
 another's Burdens Christ 's Challenge to the World The Love of 
 Money The Salt of the Earth The Armour of God Light in 
 the Lord The Jailer of Philippi The Thorn in the Flesh 
 Isaiah's Vision Selfishness Abraham interceding for Sodom 
 Vain Thoughts Pontius Pilate The Brazen Serpent The Death 
 and Burial of Moses A Word from the Cross The Church ' s 
 Worship in the Beauty of Holiness Every Good Gift from Above 
 On the Hearing of Prayer The Kingdom which comet h not 
 with Observation Pressing towards the Mark Saul The Good 
 Shepherd The Valley of Dry Bones All Saints. 
 
 Tudor. The DECALOGUE VIEWED as the CHRIST- 
 IAN'S LAW. With Special Reference to the Questions and 
 Wants of the Times. By the Rev. RICH. TUDOR, B. A. Crown 
 8vo. los. 6d. 
 
 The author's aim is to bring out the Christian sense of the Decalogue 
 in its application to existing needs and questions. The work will 
 be found to occupy ground which no other single work has hitherto 
 filled. It is divided into Two Parts, the First Part consisting of 
 three lectures on " Duty," and the Second Part of twelve lectures 
 on the Ten Commandments. The Guardian says of it, "His volume 
 throughout is an outspoken and sound exposition of Christian 
 morality, based deeply upon true foundations, set forth system- 
 atically, and forcibly and plainly expressed as good a specimen of 
 what pulpit lectures ought to be as is often to be found." 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Tulloch. THE CHRIST OF THE GOSPELS AND 
 THE CHRIST OF MODERN CRITICISM. Lectures on 
 M. KENAN'S "Vie de Jesus." By JOHN TULLOCH, D.D., 
 Principal of the College of St. Mary, in the University of St. 
 Andrew's. Extra fcap. Svo. 4J-. 6d. 
 
 While Dr. Tulloch does not hesitate to grapple boldly with the 
 statements and theories of Renan, he does so in a spirit of perfect 
 fairness and courtesy ', eschewing all personalities and sinister in- 
 sinuations as to motives and sincerity. The work will be found 
 to be a fair and full statement, in Dr. Tulloch'' 's eloquent style, 
 of the case as it stands against Reminds theory. 
 
 Vaughan. Works by CHARLES J. VAUGHAN, D.D., Master 
 
 of the Temple : 
 
 Dr. Vaughan* s genuine sympathy with the difficulties, sorrows and 
 struggles of all classes of his fellow-men, his thorough disinterested- 
 ness, and his Jiigh vieivs of life have been acknowledged by critics of 
 all creeds. No sermons can be more applicable to the ever- 
 recurring ills, bodily, mental, and spiritual, that flesh is heir to. 
 His commentaries and expository lectures are those of a faithful 
 evangelical, but at the same time liberal-minded interpreter of 
 what he believes to be the Word of God. 
 
 CHRIST SATISFYING THE INSTINCTS OF HU- 
 MANITY. Eight Lectures delivered in the Temple Church. 
 Extra fcp. Svo. 3-r. 6d. 
 
 The object of these Sermons is to exhibit the spiritual wants of -human 
 nature, and to prove that all of them receive ftill satisfaction in 
 Christ. The various instincts which He is shewn to meet are those 
 of Truth, Reverence, Perfection, Liberty, Courage, Sympathy, 
 Sacrifice, and Unity. * ' We are convinced that there are congrega- 
 tions, in number unmistakeably increasing, to whom such Essays 
 as these, full of thought and learning, are infinitely more beneficial, 
 for they are more acceptable, than the recognised type of sermons. " 
 John Bull. 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 59 
 
 Vaughan (Dr. C. J.) continued. 
 
 MEMORIALS OF HARROW SUNDAYS. A Selection 
 of Sermons preached in Harrow School Chapel. With a View 
 of the Chapel. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo. los. 6d. 
 
 While these Sermons deal with subjects that in a peculiar way concern 
 the young, and in a manner that cannot fail to attract their atten- 
 tion and influence their conduct, they are in every respect applicable 
 to people of all ages. "Discussing" says the John Bull, "those 
 forms of evil and impediments to duty which peculiarly beset the 
 young) Dr. Vaughan has, with singular tact, blended deep thought 
 and analytical investigation of principles with interesting earnest- 
 ness and eloquent simplicity. " The Nonconformist says ' ' the 
 volume is a precious one for family reading, and for the hand 
 of the thoughtful boy or young man entering life." 
 
 THE BOOK AND THE LIFE, and other Sermons, 
 preached before the University of Cambridge. New Edition. 
 Fcap. 8vo. 4^. 6d. 
 
 These Sermons are all of a thoroughly practical nature, and some of 
 them are especially adapted to those who are in a state of anxious 
 doubt. " They meet" the Freeman says, "in what appears to us 
 to be the one true method, the scepticism and indifference to religious 
 truth which are almost sure to trouble young men who read and 
 think. In short, we- know no book more likely to do the young and 
 inquiring good, or to help them to gain that tone of mind wanting 
 which they may doubt and ask for ever, because always doubting 
 and asking in vain. " 
 
 TWELVE DISCOURSES on SUBJECTS CONNECTED 
 WITH THE LITURGY and WORSHIP of the CHURCH 
 OF ENGLAND. Fcap. 8vo. 6s. 
 
 Four of these discourses were published in 1860, in a work entitled 
 Revision of the Liturgy; four others have appeared in the form 
 of separate sermons, delivered on various occasions, and published 
 at the time by request ; and four are new. All will be found to 
 
60 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Vaughan (Dr. C. J.) continued. 
 
 fall strictly under the present title, reviewing the chief matters 
 suggested by the Church Liturgy. The Appendix contains two 
 articles, one on '''Subscription and Scruples" the other on the 
 ''''Rubric and the Burial Service" The Press characterises the 
 volume as " eminently wise and temperate. " 
 
 LESSONS OF LIFE AND GODLINESS. A Selection 
 of Sermons preached in the Parish Church of Doncaster. Fourth 
 and Cheaper Edition. Fcap. 8vo. $s. 6d. 
 
 This volume consists of Nineteen Sermons, mostly on subjects con- 
 nected with the every-day walk and conversation of Christians. 
 ' They bear such titles as " The Talebearer," ''''Features of Charity " 
 " The Danger of Relapse" " The Secret Life and the Outward" 
 " 'Family Prayer," " Zeal without Consistency" '''The Gospel an 
 Incentive to Industry in Business" " Use and Abuse of the 
 World. " The Spectator styles them "earnest and human. They 
 are adapted to every class and order in the social system, and will 
 be read with wakeful interest by all who seek to amend whatever 
 may be amiss in their natural disposition or in their acquired 
 habits." 
 
 WORDS FROM THE GOSPELS. A Second Selection 
 of Sermons preached in the Parish Church of Doncaster. Second 
 Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 4^. 6d. 
 
 In this volume are Twenty-two Sermons on subjects taken from one 
 or other of the four Gospels. The Nonconformist characterises 
 these Sermons as " of 'practical earnestness, of a thoughtfulness that 
 penetrates the common conditions and experiences of life, and brings 
 the truths and examples of Scripture to bear on them with singular 
 force, and of a style that owes its real elegance to the simplicity and 
 directness which have fine culture for their roots. ... A book than 
 which few could give more holy pleasantness and solemn purpose to 
 their Sabbath evenings at home. " 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 61 
 
 Vaughan (Dr. C. J.) continued. 
 
 LESSONS OF THE CROSS AND PASSION. Six 
 
 Lectures delivered in Hereford Cathedral during the Week before 
 Easter, 1869. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
 
 This volume contains Six Sermons on subjects mainly connected with 
 the death and passion of Christ. The titles of the Sermons are: 
 /. " Too Late" (Matt. xxvi. 4$). 77 " The Divine Sacrifice and 
 the Human Priesthood." III. "Love not the World." IV. 
 " The Moral Glory of Christ. " V. "C/u ist made perfect through 
 Suffering" VI. "Death the Remedy of Christ's Loneliness" 
 "This little volume" the Nonconformist says, "exhibits all his 
 best characteristics. Elevated, calm, and clear, the Sermons cnve 
 much to their force, and yet they seem literally to owe nothing to it. 
 They are studied, but their grace is the grace of perfect simplicity." 
 
 LIFE'S WORK AND GOD'S DISCIPLINE. Three 
 Sermons. Fcap. 8vo. cloth. 2s. 6d. 
 
 The Three Sermons contained in this volume have a oneness of aim 
 indicated by the title, and are on thefollawing subjects : 7 " The 
 Work burned and the Workmen saved" II. "The Individual 
 Hiring. " III. ' ' The Remedial Discipline of Disease and Death." 
 
 THE WHOLESOME WORDS OF JESUS CHRIST. 
 Four Sermons preached before the University of Cambridge in 
 November 1866. Second Edition. Fcap. Svo. cloth. 3^. 6d. 
 
 Dr. Vang/tan uses the word "Wholesome" here in its literal and 
 original sense, the sense in which St. Paul uses it, as meaning 
 healthy, sound, conducing to right living ; and in these Sermons 
 he points out and illustrates several of the "wholesome" character- 
 istics of the Gospel, the Words of Christ. The subjects of these 
 Sermons are as follow: 7. "Naturalness and Spirituality of 
 Revelation Grandeur and Self- Control Truthfulness and Ten- 
 derness. " II. " Universality and Individuality of Christ's Gospel. " 
 III. "Oblivions and Ambitions of the Life of Grace." IV. 
 "Regrets and Preparations of Human Life." The John Bull 
 says this vohime is ' ( replete with all the author's well-known 
 vigour of thought and richness of expression. " 
 
62 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Vaughan (Dr. C. J.)~ continued. 
 
 FOES OF FAITH. Sermons preached before the Uni- 
 versity of Cambridge in November 1868. Fcap. 8vo. $s. 6d. 
 
 The "Foes of Faith" preached against in these Four Sermons are: 
 /. "Unreality." II. "Indolence." III. "Irreverence." IV. 
 ' ' 'Inconsistency ', " * ' Foes, " says the author, ' ' which must be man- 
 fully fought against by all who would be finally admitted into that 
 holy communion and fellowship which is, for time and eternity, 
 the blessed company of all faithful people. " ' ' They are written," 
 the London Review says, "with culture and elegance, and exhibit 
 the thoughtful earnestness, piety, and good sense of their author." 
 
 LECTURES ON THE EPISTLE to the PHILIPPIANS. 
 Third and Cheaper Edition. Extra fcap. Svo. $s. 
 
 Each Lccttire is prefaced by a literal translation from the Greek 
 of the paragraph which forms its subject, contains first a minute 
 explanation of the passage on which it is based, and then a 
 practical application oj the verse, or clause selected as its text. 
 The Press speaks of these Lectures thus: "Replete with good 
 sense and practical religious advice. . . The language of the 
 Apostle assumes a practical significance, which it seldom wears 
 in the eyes of any ordinary reader, and Dr. Vaugharfs listeners 
 would feel themselves placed in the position of men receiving 
 inspired instruction on the ordinary business of life. We can 
 scarcely praise this plan too highly." 
 
 LECTURES ON THE REVELATION OF ST. JOHN. 
 Third and Cheaper Edition. . Two Vols. Extra fcap. Svo. 9^. 
 
 In this the Third Edition of these Lectures, the literal translations of 
 the passages expounded will be found interwoven in the body of 
 the Lctures themselves. In attempting to expotind this most- 
 hard-to-imderstand Book, Dr. Vaughan, while taking from others 
 what assistance he required, has not adhered to any particular 
 school of interpretation, but has endeavoured to shew forth the 
 significance of this Revelation by the help of his strong common 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 63 
 
 Vaughan (Dr. C. J.) continued. 
 
 sense, critical acumen, scholarship, and reverent spirit. "Dr. 
 Vaugharfs Sermons,' 1 ' 1 the Spectator says, "are the most practical 
 discourses on the Apocalypse with which we are acquainted. " Pre- 
 faced is a Synopsis of the Book of Revelation, and appended is an 
 Index of passages illustrating the language of the Book. 
 
 EPIPHANY, LENT, AND EASTER. A Selection of 
 Expository Sermons. Third Edition. Crown 8vo. los. 6d. 
 
 The first eighteen of these Sermons were preached during the seasons 
 ofi&6o, indicated in the title, and are practical expositions of pas- 
 sages taken from the lessons of the days on which they were delivered. 
 The last eight Sermons were added to the Second Edition, As in 
 the case of the Lectures on Philippians, each Lecture is prefaced 
 with a careful and literal rendering of the original of the passage 
 of which the Lecture is an exposition. The Nonconformist says 
 that ' * in simplicity, dignity, close adherence to the words of Scrip- 
 ture, insight into * the mind of the Spirit, ' and practical tJiought- 
 fulness, they are models of that species of pulpit instruction to which 
 they belong." 
 
 THE EPISTLES OF ST. PAUL. For English Readers. 
 PART I., containing the FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS. 
 Second Edition. 8vo. is. 6d. Each Epistle will be published 
 separately in its chronological order. 
 
 It is the object of this work to enable English readers, unacquainted 
 with Greek, to enter with intelligence into the meaning, connection, 
 and phraseology of the writings of the great Apostle. ( i ) Each 
 Epistle will be prefaced by an Introduction containing information 
 as to the circumstances, design, and order of its composition. (2) 
 The Authorized English Version occupies the foremost place in 
 each page. (3) Beside it, in smaller type, is a literal English 
 Version, made from the 01 iginal Greek. (4) A free paraphrase 
 stands below, in which it is attempted to express the sense and 
 connection of the Epistle. (5) The Notes include both doctrinal 
 explanation and verbal illustration; occasionally a brief word of 
 application has been introduced. 
 
64 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Vaughan (Dr. C. J.) continued. 
 
 ST. PAUL'S EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. The Greek 
 
 Text, with English Notes. Third Edition, greatly enlarged. 
 
 Crown 8vo. *js. 6d. 
 
 This volume contains the Greek Text of the Epistle to the Romans as 
 settled by the Rev. B. F. Westcott, D. D. , for his complete recension 
 of the Text of the New Testament. Appended to the text are copious 
 critical and cxegetical Notes, the result, of almost eighteen years' 
 study on the part of the author. The "Index of Words illustrated 
 or explained in the Notes" will be foiind, in some considerable 
 degree, an Index to the Epistles as a whole. " I have desired," 
 the author says, ' ' to catch and to represent the meaning of each 
 passage and of the whole, without deriving it from any secondary 
 source. One of my principal endeavours has been, to trace through 
 the New Testament tJie uses of the more remarkable words or phrases 
 which occur iu the Epistle, arranging them, where the case required 
 it, under their various modifications of sense. " Prefixed to the 
 volume is a discourse on "St. Paul's Conversion and Doctrine," 
 suggested by some recent publications on St. Paul's theological 
 standing. In the Preface to the Third Edition, which has 
 been almost entirely rewritten, among other things, is a Synopsis of 
 the contents of the Epistle. The Guardian says of the work, 
 '"'For educated young men his commentary seems to fill a gap 
 hitherto unfilled. . . As a whole, Dr. Vaughan appears to us to 
 have given to the world a valuable book of original and careful and 
 earnest thought bestowed on the accomplishment of a work which 
 will be of much service and which is much needed." 
 
 THE CHURCH OF THE FIRST DAYS. 
 Series I. The Church of Jerusalem. Third Edition. 
 
 " II. The Church of the Gentiles. Second Edition. 
 
 " III. The Church of the World. Second Edition. 
 Fcap. 8vo. cloth. 4^. 6d. each. 
 The work is in three volumes: /. " The Church of Jerusalem," 
 
 extending from the 1st to the %th chapter (inclusive) of the Acts. 
 
 //. " The Church of the Gentiles, "from the <)th to the i6tA chapter. 
 
 III. "The Church of the World," from the \yh to the 2&th 
 
 fhapter. Where necessary, the Authorized Version has been 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 65 
 
 Vaughan (Dr. C. J.) continued. 
 
 departed from, and a new literal translation taken as the basis of 
 exposition. All possible topographical and historical light has been 
 brought to bear on the subject ; and while thoroughly practical in 
 their aim, these Lectures will be found to afford a fair notion 'of t/u 
 history and condition of the Primitive Church. The British 
 Quarterly says, "These Sermons are worthy of all praise, and 
 are models of pulpit teaching." 
 
 COUNSELS for YOUNG STUDENTS. Three Sermons 
 preached before the University of Cambridge at the Opening of 
 the Academical Year 1870-71. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
 The titles of the Three Sermons contained in this volume are : /. 
 ' ' The Great Decision. " //. * < The House and the Builder. " ///. 
 " The Prayer and the Counter- Prayer." They all bear pointedly,' 
 earnestly, and sympathisingly upon the conduct and pursuits of 
 young students and young men generally, to counsel whom, Dr. 
 Vaugharfs qualifications and aptitude are well known. 
 
 NOTES FOR LECTURES ON CONFIRMATION, 
 with suitable Prayers. Eighth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. is. 6d. 
 In preparation for the Confirmation held in Harrow School Chapel, 
 Dr. Vaughan was in the habit of printing week by week, and dis- 
 tributing among the Candidates, somewhat full notes of the Lecture 
 he purposed to deliver to them, together with a form of Prayer 
 adapted to the particular subject. He has collected these weekly 
 Notes and Prayers into this little volume, in the hope that it may 
 assist the labours of those who are engaged in preparing Candidates 
 for Confirmation, and who find it difficult to lay their hand upon 
 any one book of suitable instruction. The Press says the work 
 ''''commends itself at once by its simplicity and by its logical 
 arrangement. . . . While points of doctrine, as they arise, are not 
 lost sight of, the principal stress is laid on the preparation of the 
 heart rather than the head." 
 
 THE TWO GREAT TEMPTATIONS. The Tempta- 
 tion of Man, and the Temptation of Christ, Lectures delivered in 
 the Temple Church, Lent 1872. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3^. 6d. 
 
 5 
 
66 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Vaughan. Works by DAVID J. VAUGHAN, M.A., Vicar of 
 
 St. Martin's, Leicester : 
 
 SERMONS PREACHED IN ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, 
 LEICESTER, during the Years 1855 and 1856. Crown Svo. 
 $s. 6d. 
 
 These Twenty-five Sermons embrace a great variety of topics, all 
 of the highest interest, are thoroughly practical in their nature, 
 and calculated to give a hopeful view of life as seen in the light 
 shed ttpon it by Christianity. 
 
 CHRISTIAN EVIDENCES AND THE BIBLE. New 
 Edition, revised and enlarged. Fcap. Svo. cloth. 5^. 6d. 
 
 The main object of this series of Twelve Sermons is to shew, that, 
 quite irrespective of any theory as to the nature of the Bible and the 
 special inspiration of its authors, there is good and sufficient reason 
 for believing that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, who reveals and 
 reconciles men to the Father. " This little volume," the Spectator 
 says, "is a model of that honest and reverent criticism of the Bible 
 which is not only right, but the duty of English clergymen in suck 
 
 - times as these to put fortJi from the pulpit." 
 
 Venn. ON SOME OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF 
 BELIEF, Scientific and Religious. Being the Hulsean Lectures 
 for 1869. By the Rev. J. VENN, M. A. Svo. 6s. 6d. 
 
 These discourses are intended to illustrate, explain, and work out into 
 someof their consequences, certain characteristics by which the attain- 
 ment of religious belief is prominently distinguished from the attain- 
 ment of belief upon most other subjects. 
 
 Warington. THE WEEK OF CREATION ; OR, THE 
 COSMOGONY OF GENESIS CONSIDERED IN ITS 
 RELATION TO MODERN SCIENCE. By GEORGE WAR- 
 INGTON, Author of "The Historic Character of the Pentateuch 
 Vindicated." Crown Svo. qs.bd. 
 
 The greater part of this work is taken up with the teaching of the 
 Cosmogony. Its purpose is also investigated,, and a chapter is 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 67 
 
 dez>oted to the consideration of the passage in which (he difficulties 
 -occur. "A very able vindication of the Mosaic Cosmogony by a 
 writer who unites the advantages of a critical knowledge of the 
 Hebrew text and of distinguished scientific attainments. " Spectator. 
 
 WestGOtt. Works by BROOKE Foss WESTCOTT, D.D., 
 Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Cambridge ; 
 Canon of Peterborough : 
 
 The London Quarterly, speaking of Mr. Wcstcott, says, "To a 
 learning and accuracy which command respect and confidence, he 
 unites what are not always to be found in union with these qualities, 
 the no less valuable faculties of lucid arrangement and graceful and 
 facile expression. " 
 
 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE 
 GOSPELS. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo. IOT. 6d. 
 
 The author's chief object in this work has been to shew that there is 
 a true mean between the idea of a formal harmonization of the 
 Gospels and the abandonment of their absolute truth. After an 
 Introduction on the General Effects of the course of Modern Philo- 
 sophy on the popular views of Christianity, he proceeds to 
 determine in what way the principles therein indicated may be 
 applied to the study of the Gospels; The treatise is divided into 
 eight Chapters: I. The Preparation for the Gospel. II. The 
 Jewish Doctrine of the Messiah. III. The Origin of the Gospels. 
 IV. The Characteristics of the Gospels. V. The Gospel of St. 
 John. VI. and VII. The Differences in detail and of arrange- 
 ment in the Synoptic Evangelists. VIII. The Difficulties of 
 the Gospels. The Appendices contain much valuable subsidiary 
 matter. 
 
 A GENERAL SURVEY OF THE HISTORY OF THE 
 CANON OF THE NEW TESTAMENT DURING THE 
 FIRST FOUR CENTURIES. Third Edition, revised. Crown 
 8vo. ioj. 6d. 
 
 The object of this treatise is to deal with the New Testament as a 
 whole, and that on purely historical grounds. The separate books 
 
68 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Westcott (Dr. B. F.) continued. 
 
 of which it is composed are considered not individually ', but as 
 claiming to be parts of the apostolic heritage of Christians. The 
 Author has thus endeavoured to connect the history of the New 
 Testament Canon with the growth and consolidation of the Catholic 
 Church, and to point out the relation existing between the amount of 
 evidence for the authenticity of its component parts and the whole 
 mass of Christian literature. "The treatise," says the British 
 Quarterly, "is a scholar^ performance, learned, dispassionate^ 
 discriminating^ worthy of his subject and of the present state of 
 Christian literature in relation to it." 
 
 THE BIBLE IN THE CHURCH. A Popular Account 
 of the Collection and Reception of the Holy Scriptures in the 
 Christian Churches. Third Edition. i8mo. 4?. 6d. 
 
 The present volume has been written under the impression that 
 a History of the whole Bible, and not of the New Testament 
 only, would be required, if those unfamiliar with the subject were 
 to be enabled to learn in what manner and with what consent 
 the collection of Holy Scriptures was first made and then enl- 
 arged and finally closed by the Church. Though the work is 
 intended to be simple and popular in its method, the author, for 
 this very reason, has aimed at the strictest accuracy. The 
 History of the Bible is brought down to the l6th century, and 
 the Appendix contains, two articles, /. "On the History of the 
 Canon of the Old Testament before the Christian Era. " // 
 Ii 0n the Contents of the most ancient MSS. of the Christian 
 Bible" The Literary Churchman says, "Mr. Westcotfs account 
 
 ' ef the 'Canon' is true history in the very highest sense" 
 
 A GENERAL VIEW OF THE HISTORY OF, THE 
 
 ENGLISH BIBLE. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. los. 6d. 
 
 In the Introduction the author notices briefly the earliest vernacular 
 
 versions of the Bible, especially those in Anglo-Saxon. Chapter I. 
 
 is occupied with an account of the Manuscript English Bible from 
 
 the i^th century downwards ; and in Chapter II. is narrated, 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 69 
 
 Westcott (Dr. B. F.) continued. 
 
 with many interesting personal and other details, the External 
 History of the Printed Bible. In Chapter III. is set forth tJie 
 Internal History of the English Bible, shelving to what extent 
 the various English Translations %vere independent, and to what 
 extent the translators were indebted to earlier English and foreign 
 versions. In the Appendices, among other interesting and valu- 
 able matter, vvill be found " 'Specimens of the Earlier and Later 
 Wycliffite Versions ;" "Chronological List of Bibles ;" "An Ex- 
 amination of Mr. Fronde's History of the English Bible" The 
 Pall Mall Gazette calls the work "A brief, scholarly, and, to a 
 great extent, an original contribution to theological literature." 
 
 THE CHRISTIAN LIFE, MANIFOLD AND ONE. 
 
 Six Sermons preached in Peterborough Cathedral. Crown 8vo. 
 2s. 6d. 
 
 The Six Sermons contained in this volume are the first preached by 
 the author as a Canon of Peterborough Cathedral. The subjects 
 are: /. "Life consecrated by the Ascension" II. ''Many Gifts, 
 One Spirit" III. "The Gospel of the Resurrection." IV. 
 "Sufficiency of God" V. "Action the Test of Faith." VI. 
 "Progress from the Confession of God." The Nonconformist 
 calls them '''Beautiful discourses, singularly devout and tender." 
 
 THE GOSPEL OF THE RESURRECTION. Thoughts 
 on its Relation to Reason and History. New Edition. P'cap. 
 8vo. 4-s. 6d. 
 
 The present Essay is an endeavour to consider some of the elementary 
 truths of Christianity, as a miraculous Revelation, from the side of 
 History and Reason. The author endeavours to skew that a 
 devout belief in the Life of Christ is quite compatible with a broad 
 view of the course of human progress and a frank twist in the laws 
 of our own minds. After a " Statement of the Question," and 
 an Introduction on "Ideas of God, Nature, Miracles," Chapter 
 I. treats of " The Resurrection and History;" Chapter II. " The 
 Resurrection and Man ;" Chapter III. " The Resurrection and 
 the Church." " We owe," the Patriot says, "Mr. Westcott a very 
 
70 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 Westcott (Dr. B. F.) continued. 
 
 great debt of gratitude for his very able little treatise, so faithful 
 to the great truths which are so precious to us, so catholic and 
 spiritual in its conceptions of these truths, and, moreover, so 
 philosophical in analysis, organism, and presentation." 
 
 ON THE RELIGIOUS OFFICE OF THE UNIVER- 
 SITIES. [In the Press. 
 
 Wilkins. THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. An Essay, 
 by A.S. WILKINS, M.A., Professor of Latin in Owens College, 
 Manchester. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 3^. 6d. 
 This is the Hulsean Prize Essay for 1869. The subject proposed by 
 the Trustees was, " The Distinctive Features of Christian as 
 compared with Pagan Ethics." This the author treats in six 
 chapters: /. "The Object and Scope of the Discussion." II. 
 and III. "Pagan Ethics their Historical Development," and 
 their Greatest Perfection" IV. V. and VI. "Christian Ethics 
 their Method, " their Perfection, " and their Power. " The author 
 has tried to show that the Christian ethics so far transcend the 
 ethics of any or all of the Pagan systems in method, in purity and 
 in power, as to compel us to assume for them an origin, differing in 
 kind from the origin of any purely human system. ' ' // would be 
 difficult to praise too highly the spirit, the burden, the conclusions, or 
 the scholarly finish of this beautiful Essay." British Quarterly 
 Review. 
 
 Wilson. RELIGIO CHEMICI. With a Vignette beauti- 
 fully engraved after a Design by Sir NOEL PATON. By GEORGE 
 WILSON, M.D. Crown 8vo. Ss. 6d. 
 
 "George Wilson," says the Preface to this volume, " had it in his 
 heart for many years to write a book corresponding to the Religio 
 Medici of Sir Thomas Browne, with the title Religio Chemici. 
 Several of the Essays in this volume were intended to form chapters 
 of it, but the health and leisure necessary to carry out his plans 
 were never attainable, and thus fragments only of the designed 
 work exist. These fragments, however, being in most cases like 
 
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 71 
 
 finished gems waiting to be set, some of them are now given in 
 a collected form to his friends and the public :" "A more fascina- 
 ting volume" the Spectator says, "has seldom fallen into our 
 hands." 
 
 Wilson. THE BIBLE STUDENTS GUIDE TO THE 
 MORE CORRECT UNDERSTANDING of the ENGLISH 
 TRANSLATION OF THE OLD TESTAMENT, BY RE- 
 FERENCE TO THE ORIGINAL HEBREW. By WILLIAM 
 WILSON, D.D., Canon of Winchester. Second Edition, carefully 
 revised. 410. 25^. 
 
 ' ' The author believes that the present work is the nearest approacJi 
 to a complete Concordance of every word in the original that has 
 yet been made: and as a Concordance, it may be found" of great 
 use to the Bible student, while at the same time it serves the 
 important object of furnishing the means of comparing synonymous 
 words, and of eliciting their precise and distinctive meaning. 
 The knowledge of the Hebrew language is not absolutely necessary 
 to the profitable use of the work ; and it is believed that many 
 devout and accurate students of the Bible, entirely unacquainted 
 with it, will derive great advantage from frequent reference to 
 these pages. " Introductory to the body of the work, the author 
 gives a sketch of the Construction of Hebrew. The plan of the 
 work is simple: every word occurring in the English Version is 
 arranged alphabetically, and under it is given tJie Hebrew word or 
 words, with a full explanation of their meaning, of which it is 
 meant to be a translation, and a complete list of the passages where 
 it occurs, following the general work is a complete Hebrew and 
 English Index, ivhich is, in effect, a Hebrew- English Dictionary. 
 Appended are copious examples of the Figure Paronomasia, which 
 occurs so frequently in the Bible. 
 
 'Worship (The) of God and Fellowship among 
 
 Men. Sermons on Public Worship. By Professor MAURICE, 
 and others. Fcap. Svo. 3^. 6d. 
 
 This volume consists of Six Sermons preached by various clergymen, 
 and although not addressed specially to any class, were suggested by 
 
72 THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. 
 
 recent efforts to bring the members of the Working Class to our 
 Churches. The preachers were Professor Maurice, Rez<. T. J. 
 Rowsell, Rev. J. LI. Davies, Rev. D. F. Vaughn u. " They arc 
 very suggestive to those who may have to prepare sermons, and well 
 calculated to be lent amongst the more thoughtful parishioners. "- 
 Literary Churchman. 
 
 Yonge (Charlotte M.) SCRIPTURE READINGS for 
 SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES. By CHARLOTTE M. YONGE, 
 Author of " The Heir of Redclyffe." Globe 8vo. is. 6d. With 
 Comments. 3-r. 6d. 
 
 A SECOND SERIES. From Joshua to Solomon. Extra fcap. Svo. 
 is. 6d. With Comments. $s. 6d. 
 
 Actual need has led the author to endeavour to prepare a reading book 
 convenient for stiidy with children, containing the very words of 
 the Bible, with only a few expedient emissions, and arranged in 
 Lessons of such length as by experience she has found to suit with 
 children^ ordinary power of accurate attentive interest. The verse 
 form has been retained because of its convenience for children reading 
 in class, and as more resembling their Bibles ; but the poetical 
 portions have been given in their lines. When Psalms or portions 
 from the Prophets illustrate or fall in with the narrative, they are 
 given in their chronological sequence. The Scripture portion, witJi 
 a very few notes explanatory of mere words, is bound up apart to 
 be used by children, while the same is also supplied with a brief 
 comment, the purpose of which is either to assist the teacher in 
 explaining the lesson, or to be used by more advanced young people 
 to whom it may not be possible to give access to the authorities whence 
 it has been taken. Professor Huxley at a meeting of the London 
 School-board, particularly mentioned the Selection made by Miss 
 Yonge, as an example of how selections might be made for School 
 reading. "Her Comments are models of their kind.'''' Literary 
 Churchman. \ 
 
MACMILLAN'S SUNDAY LIBRARY. 73 
 
 In crown 8vo. cloth extra, Illustrated, price 4^. 6d. each Volume ; also 
 
 kept in morocco and calf bindings at moderate prices, and in 
 
 Ornamental Boxes containing Four Vols., 2is. each. 
 
 MACMILLAN'S SUNDAY LIBRARY. 
 
 A SERIES OF ORIGINAL WORKS BY EMINENT AUTHORS. 
 
 The Guardian says ii All Christian households owe a debt of gratitude 
 to Mr. Macmillanfor that useful l Sunday Library.'" 
 
 THE FOLLOWING VOLUMES ARE NOW READY: 
 
 The Pupils of St. John the Divine. By CHARLOTTE 
 
 M. YONGE, Author of "The Heir of Redclyffe. " 
 
 The author first gives a full sketch of the life and work of the 
 Apostle himself, ' drawing the material from all the most trustworthy 
 authorities, sacred and profane ; then follow the lives of his immediate 
 disciples, Ignatius, Quadratus, Poly carp, and others; which are suc- 
 ceeded by the lives of many of their pupils. She then proceeds to 
 sketch from their foundation the history of the many churches 
 planted or superintended by St. John and his pupils, both in the 
 East and West. In the last chapter is given an account of the 
 present aspect of the Churches of St. John, the Seven Churches of 
 Asia mentioned in Revelations; also those of Athens, of Nimes, of 
 Lyons, and others in the West. " Young and old will be equally 
 refreshed and taught by these pages, in which nothing is dull, and 
 nothing is far-fetched. " Churchman. 
 
74 MACMILLAN'S SUNDAY LIBRARY. 
 
 The Hermits. By CANON KINGSLEY. 
 
 The volume contains the lives of some of the most remarkable early 
 Egyptian, Syrian, Persian, and Western hermits. The lives arc 
 mostly translations jrom the original biographies; "the reader 
 'will thus be able to see the men as wholes, to judge of their merits 
 and defects" "ft is from first to last a production full of inter- 
 est, written with a liberal appreciation of what is memorable for 
 good in the lives of the Hermits, and with a wise forbearance 
 towards legends which may be due to the ignorance, and, no 
 doubt, also to the strong faith of the early chroniclers." London 
 Review. 
 
 Seekers after God. By the Rev. F. W. FARRAR, M.A., 
 
 F. R. S. , Head Master of Marlborough College. 
 
 In this volume the author seeks to record the lives, and gives copious 
 samples of the almost Christ-like utterances of, with perhaps the 
 exception of Socrates, * * the best and holiest characters presented 
 to us in the records of antiquity. " They are Seneca, Epictetus, 
 and Marcus Aurelius, most appropriately called "Seekers after 
 God," seeing that "amid infinite difficulties and surrounded by 
 a corrupt society, they devoted themselves to the earnest search after 
 those truths which might best make their lives ' beautiful before 
 God." The volume contains portraits of Aurelius, Seneca, and 
 Antoninus Pius. ''We can heartily recommend it as healthy in 
 tone, instructive, interesting, mentally and spiritually stimulating 
 and nutritious." Nonconformist. 
 
 England's Antiphon. By GEORGE MACDONALD. 
 
 This volume deals chiefly with the lyric or song-form of English 
 religious poetry, other kinds, however, being not infrequently in- 
 troduced. The author has sought to trace the course of our 
 religious poetry from the \^th to the \<}th centuries, from before 
 Chaucer to Tennyson. He endeavours to accomplish his object by 
 selecting the men who have produced the finest religious poetry, 
 setting forth the circumstances in which they were placed, charac- 
 terising the men themselves, critically estimating their productions, 
 
MACMILLAN'S SUNDAY LIBRARY. 75 
 
 and giving ample specimens of their best religious lyrics, and 
 quotations from larger poems, illustrating the religious feeling 
 of the poets or tJieir times. ' 'Dr. Macdonald has very successfully 
 endeavoured to bring together in his little book a whole series of 
 the sweet singers of England, and makes them raise, one after the 
 other, their voices in praise of God." Guardian. 
 
 Great Christians of France : ST. Louis and CALVIN. 
 By M. GUIZOT. 
 
 From among French Catholics, M. Guizot has, in this volume, selected 
 Louis, King of France in the l^th century, and among Pro- 
 testants, Calvin the Reformer in the i6th century, "as two 
 earnest and illustrious representatives of the Christian faith and 
 life, as well as of the loftiest thought and purest morality of their 
 country and generation" In setting forth with considerable fidness 
 the lives of these prominent and representative Christian men, 
 M. Guizot necessarily introduces much of the political and religious 
 history of the periods during which they lived. "A very interesting 
 book," says the Guardian. 
 
 Christian Singers of Germany. By CATHERINE 
 
 WlNKWORTH. 
 
 In this volume the authoress gives an account of the principal 
 hymn-writers of Germany from the qtk to the \tyh century, 
 introducing ample (altogether about 120 translations) specimens 
 from tJieir best productions. In the translations, while the 
 English is perfectly idiomatic and harmonious, the characteristic 
 differences of the poems have been carefully imitated, and the general 
 style and metre retained. The book is divided into chapters, the 
 writers noticed and the hymns quoted in each chapter, being re- 
 presentative of an epoch in the religious life of Germany. In thus 
 tracing the course of German hymnology, the authoress is necessarily 
 ' ' brought into contact with those great movements which have 
 stirred the life of the people." "Miss Winkworth s volume of this 
 series is, according to our view, the choicest production of her pen " 
 British Quarterly Review. 
 
76 M ACHILLA WS SUNDAY LIBRARY. 
 
 Apostles of Mediaeval Europe. By the Rev. G. F. 
 MACLEAR, D.D., Head Master of King's College School, London. 
 
 In two Introductory Chapters the author notices some of the chief 
 characteristics of the mediaeval period itself; gives a graphic 
 sketch of the devastated state of Europe at the beginning of 
 that period, and an interesting account of the religions of the 
 three great groups of vigorous barbarians the Celts, the Teutons, 
 and the Sclav es who had, wave after wave, over/lowed its surface. 
 He then proceeds to sketch the lives and work of the chief of the 
 courageous men who devoted themselves to the stupendous task of 
 their conversion and civilization, during a period extending from 
 the $th to the i$th century; such as St. Patrick, St. Columba, St. 
 Columbanus, St. Augustine of Canterbury, St. Boniface, St. Olaf, 
 St. Cyril, Raymond Sull, and others. In narrating the lives of 
 these men, many glimpses are given into the political, social, and 
 religious life of Europe during the Middle Ages, and many interest- 
 ing and instructive incidents are introduced. "Mr. Maclear will 
 have done a great work if his admirable little volume shall help to 
 break up the dense ignorance which is still prevailing among people 
 at large. " Literary Churchman. 
 
 Alfred the Great. By THOMAS HUGHES, M.P., Author 
 
 of ''Tom Brown's School Days." Third Edition. 
 
 " The time is come when we English can no longer stand by as 
 interested spectators only, but in which every one of our institutions 
 will be sifted ivith rigour, and will have to shew cause for its 
 existence. . . . As a help in this search, this life of the typical 
 English King is here offered. " After tzvo Introductory Chapters, 
 one on Kings and Kingship, and another depicting the condition 
 of Wessex when Alfred became its ruler, the author proceeds to set 
 forth the life and work of this great prince, shewing how he 
 conducted himself in all the relations of life. In the last 
 chapter the author she%vs the bearing which Christianity has on the 
 kingship and government of the nations and people of the world in 
 which we live. Besides other illustrations in the volume, a Map of 
 England is prefixed, shelving its divisions about 1000 A.D., as well 
 
MACMILLAN'S SUNDAY LIBRARY. 77 
 
 as at the present time. l ' Mr. Hughes has indeed written a 
 book, bright and readable we need hardly say, and of a very con- 
 siderable historical value." Spectator. 
 
 Nations Around. By Miss A. KEARY. 
 
 This volume contains many details concerning the social and political 
 life, the religion, the superstitions, the literature, the architecture, 
 the commerce, the industry, of the Nations around Palestine, an 
 acquaintance with which is necessary in order to a clear and full 
 understanding of the history of the Hebrew people. The authoress 
 has brought to her aid all the most recent investigations into the 
 early history of these nations, referring frequently to the fruitful 
 excavations which have brought to light the ruins and hieroglyphic 
 writings of many of their buried cities. "Miss Keary has skil- 
 fully availed herself of the opportunity to write a pleasing and in- 
 structive book. " Guardian. * 'A valuable and interesting volume. " 
 Illustrated Times. 
 
 St. Anselm. By the Very Rev. R. W. CHURCH, M.A., Dean 
 of St. Paul's. Second Edition. 
 
 In this biography of St. Anselm, while the story of his life as a 
 man, a Christian, a clergyman, and a politician, is told im- 
 partially and ftilly, much light is shed on the ecclesiastical and 
 political history of the time during which he lived, and on the 
 internal economy of the monastic establishments of the period. 
 Of the worthiness of St. Anselm to have his life recorded, Mr. 
 Church says, "It would not be easy to find one who so joined the 
 largeness and daring of a powerful and inquiring intellect, with 
 the graces and sweetness and unselfishness of the most loveable of 
 friends, and with the fortitude, clear-sightedness, and dauntless 
 firmness of a hero, forced into a hero's career in spite of himself " 
 The author has drawn his materials from contemporary biographers 
 and chroniclers, while at the same time he has consulted the best 
 recent authors who have treated of the man and his time. "It is 
 a sketch by the hand of a master, with every line marked by taste, 
 learning, and real apprehension of the subject" Pall Mall 
 Gazette. 
 
78 MACMILLAN'S SUNDAY LIBRARY. 
 
 Francis of Assisi. By Mrs. OLIPHANT. 
 
 The life of this saint, the. founder of the Franciscan order, and one of 
 the most remarkable men of his time, illustrates some of the chief 
 characteristics of the religious life of the Middle Ages. Much 
 information is given concerning the missionary labours of the saint 
 and his companions, as well as concerning the religious and monas- 
 tic life of the time. Many grapJiic details are introduced from the 
 saint's contemporary biographers, which sheiu forth the prevalent 
 beliefs of the period ; and abundant samples are given of St. 
 Francis's own sayings, as well as a few specimens of his simple 
 tender hymns. "We are grateful to Mrs. Oliphant for a book of 
 much interest and pathetic beauty, a book which none can read 
 without being the better for it" John Bull. 
 
 Pioneers and Founders ; or, Recent Workers in the 
 Mission Field. By CHARLOTTE M. YONGE, Author of "The 
 Heir of Redclyffe." With Frontispiece, and Vignette Portrait of 
 BISHOP HEBER. 
 
 The author has endeavoured in these narratives to bring together such 
 of the more distinguished Missionaries of the English and American 
 Nations as might best illustrate the character and growth of 
 Mission-work in the last two centuries. The object has been to 
 throw together such biographies as are most complete, most illus- 
 trative, and have been found most inciting to stir up others 
 representative lives, as far as possible. The missionaries whose 
 biographies are here given, are John Eliot, the Apostle of the Red 
 Indians; David Brainerd, the Enthusiast ; Christian F. Schwartz, 
 the Councillor of Tanjore ; Henry Marty n, the Scholar- Missionary ; 
 William Carey and Joshua Marshman, the Serampore Missionaries ; 
 thejudson Family ; the Bishops of Calcutta, Thomas Middleton, 
 Reginald Heber, Daniel Wilson ; Samuel Marsden, the Australian 
 Chaplain and Friend of the Maori; John Williams, the Martyr 
 of Erromango; Allen Gardener, the Sailor Martyr; Charles 
 Frederick Mackenzie, the Martyr of Zambesi. "Likely to be one 
 of the most popular of the ' Sunday Library' volumes" Literary 
 Churchman. 
 
MACMILLAN'S SUNDAY LIBRARY. 79 
 
 Angelique Arnauld, Abbess of Port Royal. By 
 
 FRANCES MARTIN. Crown 8vo. 4.?. 6d. 
 
 This new volume of the ' Sunday Library* contains the life of a very 
 remarkable woman founded on the best authorities. She was a 
 Roman Catholic Abbess who lived more than 200 years ago, whose 
 life contained much struggle and suffering. But if we look beneath 
 the surface, we find that sublime virtues are associated with her 
 errors, there is something admirable in everything she does, and the 
 stttdy of her history leads to a continual enlargement of our 02011 
 range of thought and sympathy. It is believed the volume is not 
 surpassed in interest by any other belonging to this well-known 
 series. 
 
THE "BOOK OF PRAISE" HYMNAL, 
 
 COMPILED AND ARRANGED BY 
 
 SIR ROUNDELL PALMER, 
 
 In the following four forms : 
 
 A. Beautifully printed in Royal 32mo., limp cloth, price 6d. 
 
 B. ,, ,, Small 18mo., larg-er type, cloth limp, Is. 
 
 C. Same edition on fine paper, cloth, Is. 6d. 
 
 Also an edition "with Music, selected, harmonized, and composed 
 by JOHN HULL AH, in square 18mo., cloth, 3s. 6d. 
 
 The large acceptance which has been given to " The Book of Praise" 
 bv all classes of Christian people encourages the Publishers in entertaining 
 the hope that this Hymnal, which is mainly selected from it, may be ex- 
 tensively used in Congregations, and in some degree at least meet the 
 desires of those who seek uniformity in common worship as a means 
 towards that unity which pious souls yearn after, and winch our Lord 
 prayed for in behalf of his Church. "The office of a hymn is not to 
 teach controversial Theology, but to give the voice of song to practical 
 religion. No doubt, to do this, it must embody sound doctrine / but it 
 ought to do so, not after the manner of the schools, but with the breadth, 
 freedom, and simplicity of the Fountain-head. " On this principle has 
 Sir R. Palmer proceeded in the preparation of this book. 
 
 The arrangement adopted is the following : 
 
 PART I. consists of Hymns arranged according to the subjects of the 
 Creed "God the Creator," "Christ Incarnate," "Christ Crucified," 
 li Christ Risen," " 'Christ Ascended," "Christ's Kingdom and Judg- 
 ment," etc. 
 
 PART II. comprises Hymns arranged according to the subjects of the 
 Lord's Prayer. 
 
 PART III. Hymns for natural and sacred seasons. 
 
 There are 320 Hymns in all. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY j. PAL.MEK. 
 
 
14 DAY USE 
 
 RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED 
 
 LOAN DEPT. 
 
 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or 
 on the date to which renewed. 
 
 
 4De< '6 a* 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 RfcO D L.D 
 
 
 DEC 5 1962 
 
 
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 General Library