UCSB LIBRARY 
 XT 2 
 
 cJb
 
 STRATFORD-UPON-AVON 
 
 FROM 
 "THE SKETCH BOOK."
 
 
 WASHINGTON IRVING.
 
 ITRATFORD - UPON -AVON 
 
 FROM "THE SKETCH BOOK" 
 OF WASHINGTON IRVING. WITH 
 NOTES AND ORIGINAL ILLUSTRA- 
 TIONS. 
 
 EDITED BY RICHARD SAVAGE AND 
 WILT JAM SALT BRASSINGTON, F.S.A. 
 
 PRINTED BY EDWARD FOX, AT THE 
 SHAKESPEARE QUINEY PRESS, AT 
 STRATFORD-UPON-AVON. MDCCCC.
 
 The Illustrations and Notes used in this 
 volume are copyright.
 
 TO 
 
 THE MEMBERS 
 OK THE 
 
 STRATFORD- u TON- AVON 
 SHAKESPEARE CLUB 
 
 THIS LITTLE VOLUME 
 
 IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 
 BY 
 
 THREE OF THEIR COLLEAGUES, 
 
 RICHARD SAVAGE, 
 
 W. SALT BRASSINGTON, 
 
 EDWARD Fox. 
 
 *
 
 The Notes made by Captain James Saunders on the 
 Stratford portion of Irving' 's Sketch Book are pre- 
 served in a manuscript volume at Shakespeare's 
 Birthplace ; they are beautifully written and 
 illustrated -with sketches, many of which are 
 reproduced in the following pages. By kind 
 permission of the Trustees and Guardians of 
 Shakespeare's Birthplace the whole of these Notes and 
 some by Robert Bell Wilder are here reproduced, 
 with Saunders' illustrations copied in pen and ink 
 by Mr. W. W. Quatremaine. 
 
 The present issue is the only edition ever published in 
 Stratford-upon-Avon ; it is printed in the house in 
 which Shakespeare's daughter, Judith, and her hus- 
 band, Thomas Quiney, lived for 36 years, and within 
 a few paces of the room in which the admirable 
 " Sketch" first presented itself to Irving' s mind.
 
 jforeworfcs. 
 
 A short account of the life of Washington 
 Irving, and especially of his visits to Stratford- 
 upon-Avon and neighbourhood, may add interest 
 to this reissue of a portion of the "Sketch Book," 
 and also take the place of a preface. In " The 
 Author's Account of Himself," he abstained 
 from allusions to his parentage and family rela- 
 tions, consequently it cannot be out of place 
 to supply some details which in his modesty he 
 omitted. 
 
 His father, William Irving, of Shapinsha, in 
 the Orkney Islands, served during the French 
 War (i8th century), as a petty officer on board 
 an English armed packet, plying between 
 Falmouth and New York. His mother was 
 Sarah, the only child of John and Anne Sanders, 
 of Falmouth.
 
 4 FOREWORDS. 
 
 William Irving and Anne Sanders were 
 married at Falmouth on the nth of May, 
 1761, and two years later emigrated to America, 
 arriving at New York on the i8th July, 1763. 
 After various wanderings they at last settled in 
 a house No. 121, William Street, New York 
 where Washington Irving was born on 3rd 
 April, 1783. He was the eighth son, and the 
 youngest of eleven children. His baptism took 
 place at the Chapel of St. George, Beekman 
 Street, New York, and he received his baptismal 
 name owing to a remark made by his mother 
 that " Washington's work is ended, and the child 
 shall be called after him." 
 
 At the age of sixteen Irving left school and 
 entered the office of a solicitor, continuing the 
 study of the law until he attained his majority, 
 when, owing to the delicate state of his health, 
 his two brothers decided to send him to Europe : 
 he started on his travels on the igth of May, 
 1804.
 
 FOREWORDS. 5 
 
 After a pleasant ramble through Italy, Swit- 
 zerland, and France, we find him in New York 
 on the 1 7th January, 1806. On the 25th May, 
 1815, he once more left his native shore for 
 Liverpool, arriving just as tidings of the battle 
 of Waterloo had reached this country. He 
 spent a week there with his brother Peter, and 
 then left for Springfield, Birmingham, "the 
 redoubtable castle of Van Tromp," as he 
 playfully styles the residence of his brother-in- 
 law Henry Van Wart, a house "most delightfully 
 situated in the vicinity of the town."* From 
 Birmingham he went, for a few days, to London, 
 returning to his " English home " the domestic 
 circle, at Birmingham and from thence made 
 
 * " Springfield," Icknield Street West (formerly Lady- 
 wood Lane), was demolished many years ago. It was 
 sold in 1818 by Van Wart to Mr. G. Barker, the family 
 then removing to " Camden Hill," a house still standing, 
 and now enclosed within the works at the corner of 
 Frederick Street and Legge Lane, Newhall Hill, 
 surrounded by streets and houses, but it then overlooked 
 almost rural scenes.
 
 6 FOREWORDS. 
 
 his first visit to Kenihvorth, Warwick, and 
 Stratford-upon-Avon, with his friend James 
 
 Renwick. 
 
 At the latter place they entered their names 
 in the Church Album,! under date 25th July, 
 1815. To this visit, undoubtedly, we owe the 
 production of the Stratford-upon-Avon Sketch, 
 which has been so aptly described as " perhaps 
 the best bit of Shakespeareana ever penned." 
 
 In January, 1817, we again find Irving at 
 Birmingham, where he remained nearly two 
 
 months, and, "in spite of hard times," enjoying 
 himself in the companionship of " The famous 
 
 troop of Van Tromps." 
 
 He had previously joined his brother Peter 
 
 in what proved to be an unsuccessful business 
 
 undertaking at Liverpool. Soon after his return 
 
 to that town from his Birmingham visit he 
 
 t The Church Albums from June, 1804, to September, 
 1 86 1, are preserved in the Library at Shakespeare's 
 Birthplace.
 
 FOREWORDS. 7 
 
 received the melancholy tidings of his mother's 
 death, which took place on the gth of April. 
 No wonder then at his writing on the 28th 
 January, 1818, that "for upwards of two years 
 I have been bowed down in spirit, and harassed 
 by the most sordid cares." 
 
 The following June, however, found the 
 brothers free from their business difficulties, the 
 Lord Chancellor having allowed their certificates ; 
 and, on the zist of that month, Irving once more 
 left Liverpool for the Midlands, where he always 
 found a sympathetic friend and adviser in his 
 brother-in-law, to whose friendly counsel the 
 world is no doubt indebted for the " Sketch 
 Book," particularly the Stratford-upon-Avon and 
 Charlecote portion of the work. 
 
 It was Henry Van Wart who urged Irving to 
 follow his natural inclination for authorship, 
 knowing that the peculiar pastoral beauty of the 
 Midland scenery, and the simple manners of 
 the people in the rural districts, had a strong
 
 8 FOREWORDS. 
 
 attraction for the young American, to whom 
 everything picturesque or romantic was fascinat- 
 ing. Irving possessed the faculty of presenting 
 common-place details in an interesting manner, 
 and with such dry humour, that his sketches 
 are ever fresh and delightful expressions of a 
 pure and cultivated nature. They have more- 
 over the additional merit of being truthful 
 pictures of the times of which he wrote. 
 
 On the 28th June, 1820, Irving transmitted 
 to his brother, Ebenezer, the sheets for the 
 seventh number of the "Sketch Book," including 
 Westminster Abbey, Stratford-upon-Avon, Little 
 Britain, and the Angler. This was published 
 i3th September, 1820, and terminated the 
 American series. 
 
 Writing to his brother from London on the 
 I5th August, 1820, he says: "The 'Sketch 
 Book' has been very successful in England. 
 The first volume is out of print. . . . The 
 second volume, of which thousands were printed,
 
 FOREWORDS. g 
 
 is going off briskly, and Murray proposes 
 putting to press immediately a uniform edition 
 of the two volumes at his own expense. I have 
 offered, however, to dispose of the work to him 
 entirely, and am to know his answer to-morrow." 
 Murray bought the copyright for 200. 
 
 Charles R. Leslie, a Philadelphian artist, has 
 given an interesting account of Irving's second 
 visit to Stratford-upon-Avon, on which occasion 
 he accompanied his friend. They strolled about 
 Charlecote Park, and other places in the neigh- 
 bourhood, and while Leslie was sketching, 
 Irving mounted on a stile, or seated on a stone, 
 was busily engaged in writing "The Stout 
 Gentleman." He wrote with the greatest 
 rapidity, often laughing to himself, and from 
 time to time reading the manuscript to his 
 companion. 
 
 From the Church Album it appears they 
 visited Shakespeare's grave on the loth Sep- 
 tember, 1821, deferring their visit to the
 
 10 FOREWORDS. 
 
 Birthplace until October, when Irving wrote the 
 following lines in the Birthroom ; the original 
 MS. was presented to the Museum by Sam: 
 Timmins, Esq., F.S.A., in 1869. 
 
 . " Great Shakespeare's b 
 J 
 The house of Shakespeare's birth we here may see 
 
 l^ That of his death we find without a trace 
 Vain the inquiry, for Immortal he 
 
 ^~ t-o 
 
 Of mighty Shakspeare s birth the room we see, .* 
 
 That where he died in vain to find we try ; .5 
 
 Useless the search : for all Immortal He 
 
 And those who are Immortal never die. 
 
 W. I. second visit, ~^ 
 October, 
 
 Irving's third and last visit to the town was in 
 December, 1831, in company with the American 
 Minister, Martin Van Buren, and his son, 
 J. Van Buren. It is recorded in the Church 
 Album, under date, 2oth December, 1831, and 
 their conductor was the grandson of the "old 
 sexton" of the "Sketch Book," Mr. Thomas Kite, 
 who had then succeeded his grandfather in the
 
 FOREWORDS. II 
 
 office of Parish Clerk.* Irving describes the 
 visit in a letter to his sister, Mrs. Paris, 
 dated from Newstead Abbey, January zoth, 
 1832, thus : "Upwards of a month since 
 I left London with Mr. Van Buren and 
 his son on a tour to show them some 
 interesting places in the interior, and to give 
 them an idea of English country life, and 
 the festivities of an old-fashioned English 
 Christmas. We posted in an open carriage as 
 the weather was uncommonly mild and beautiful 
 for the season. Our first stopping place was 
 Oxford. . . . thence we went to Blenheim. 
 We next passed a night and part of the next 
 day at Stratford- on -A von, visiting the house 
 where Shakespeare was born, and the Church 
 where he lies buried. We were quartered at 
 
 * Mr. Kite passed away on the 27th of December last 
 (1899), in the gist year of his age. Interesting reminis- 
 cences of Washington Irving's visit were often related by 
 him with pride and delight to his friends ; he always 
 referred to Irving as "a perfect gentleman."
 
 12 FOREWORDS. 
 
 the little inn of the Red Horse, where I found 
 the same obliging little landlady that kept it at 
 the time of the visit recorded in the 'Sketch 
 Book.' You cannot imagine what a fuss the 
 little woman made when she found out who I 
 was. She showed me the room I had occupied, 
 in which she had hung up my engraved likeness, 
 and she produced a poker, which was locked up 
 in the archives of her house, on which she had 
 caused to be engraved ' Geoffrey Crayon's 
 Sceptre.' From Stratford we went to Warwick 
 Castle, Kenilworth, and then to Birmingham, 
 where we passed a part of three days, dining 
 at Van Wart's." 
 
 At Newstead Abbey Irving remained a fort- 
 night, and soon afterwards paid a flying visit to 
 Birmingham. On May 2ist, 1832, he arrived 
 in New York, after a passage of forty days. 
 This return was made the occasion for great 
 excitement, insomuch that he subsequently 
 wrote to his brother Peter, " I have been topsy-
 
 FOREWORDS. 13 
 
 turvey ever since." In 1835 ne realised a long 
 cherished wish by the purchase of " Sunnyside," 
 a country house pleasantly situated near the 
 Hudson River, and the scenes of his early 
 rambles and later stories. 
 
 Irving's appointment in 1841 to be Minister 
 Plenipotentiary to the Court of Madrid, though 
 a deeply appreciated honour, proved a severe 
 trial, since it obliged him to leave "dear little 
 Sunnyside, and all the broad acres there." 
 On his way to Spain he visited England, 
 and, during the month of May, spent some 
 time with his sister, Mrs. Van Wart, at "The 
 Shrubbery," Birmingham. He reached Madrid 
 towards the end of July, and it was not until 
 three years later (August, 1844), that he again 
 visited the Van Warts. In the autumn of 1845 
 he paid a visit to Paris, and while there resolved 
 to resign his office, but, writing on the zgth 
 December from that city, he appears to have 
 made up his mind to see his friends in
 
 14 FOREWORDS. 
 
 Birmingham once more before returning to 
 
 Madrid to await the arrival of his successor. 
 
 Early in September, 1846, he bade adieu for 
 ever to Europe and his English friends, and, 
 after an absence of four and a half years, 
 returned to "Sunnyside," where he happily spent 
 the remainder of his days. He passed away on 
 the 28th November, 1859, in the yyth year of his 
 pure and blameless life. Of him and his work, 
 the poet Campbell truthfully remarked : 
 "Washington Irving has added clarity to the 
 English tongue." 
 
 PRIESTS' DOOR, HOLY TRINITY CHURCH.
 
 Sfcetcb Booh. 
 
 THE AUTHORS ACCOUNT OF HIMSELF. 
 
 " I am of this mind with Homer, that as the snaile that 
 crept out of her shel was turned eftsoons into a toad, and 
 thereby was forced to make a stoole to sit on ; so the 
 traveller that stragleth from his owne country is in a short 
 time transformed into so monstrous a shape, that he is 
 faine to alter his mansion with his manners, and to live 
 where he can, not where he would." LYI.Y'S EUPHUES. 
 
 WAS always fond of visiting new scenes, 
 and observing strange characters and 
 manners. Even when a mere child I 
 began my travels, and made many tours of dis- 
 covery into foreign parts and unknown regions 
 of my native city, to the frequent alarm of my 
 parents, and the emolument of the town-crier.
 
 16 THE SKETCH BOOK. 
 
 As I grew into boyhood, I extended the range 
 of my observations. My holiday afternoons 
 were spent in rambles about the surrounding 
 country. I made myself familiar with all its 
 places famous in history or fable. I knew every 
 spot where a murder or robbery had been 
 committed, or a ghost seen. I visited the 
 neighbouring villages, and added greatly to my 
 stock of knowledge, by noting their habits and 
 customs, and conversing with their sages and 
 great men. I even journeyed one long 
 summer's day to the summit of the most distant 
 hill, from whence I stretched my eye over many 
 a mile of terra incognita, and was astonished to 
 find how vast a globe I inhabited. 
 
 This rambling propensity strengthened with 
 my years. Books of voyages and travels became 
 my passion, and in devouring their contents, I 
 neglected the regular exercises of the school. 
 How wistfully would I wander about the pier- 
 heads in fine weather, and watch the parting
 
 THE SKETCH BOOK. 17 
 
 ships bound to distant climes ; with what 
 longing eyes would I gaze after their lessening 
 sails, and waft myself in imagination to the 
 ends of the earth ! 
 
 Farther reading and thinking, though they 
 brought this vague inclination into more reason- 
 able bounds, only served to make it more 
 decided. I visited various parts of my own 
 country : and had I been merely influenced by a 
 love of fine scenery, I should have felt little desire 
 to seek elsewhere its gratification; for on no 
 country have the charms of Nature been more 
 prodigally lavished. Her mighty lakes, like 
 oceans of liquid silver ; her mountains, with their 
 bright aerial tints ; her valleys, teeming with wild 
 fertility ; her tremendous cataracts, thundering 
 in their solitudes; her boundless plains, waving 
 with spontaneous verdure; her broad deep rivers, 
 rolling in solemn silence to the ocean ; her 
 trackless forests, where vegetation puts forth all 
 its magnificence ; her skies, kindling with the
 
 i8 THE SKETCH BOOK. 
 
 magic of summer clouds and glorious sunshine: 
 no, never need an American look beyond his 
 own country for the sublime and beautiful of 
 natural scenery. 
 
 But Europe held forth all the charms of stoned 
 and poetical association. There were to be 
 seen the masterpieces of art, the refinements of 
 highly cultivated society, the quaint peculiarities 
 of ancient and local custom. My native 
 country was full of youthful promise : Europe 
 was rich in the accumulated treasures of age. 
 Her very ruins told the history of times gone 
 by, and every mouldering stone was a chronicle. 
 I longed to wander over the scenes of renowned 
 achievement to tread, as it were, in the foot- 
 steps of antiquity to loiter about the ruined 
 castle to meditate on the falling tower to 
 escape, in short, from the common-place realities 
 of the present, and lose myself among the 
 shadowy grandeurs of the past. 
 
 I had, besides all this, an earnest desire to see
 
 THE SKETCH BOOK. 19 
 
 the great men of the earth. We have, it is true, 
 our great men in America : not a city but has 
 an ample share of them. I have mingled 
 among them in my time, and been almost 
 withered by the shade into which they cast me ; 
 for there is nothing so baleful to a small man 
 as the shade of a great one, particularly the 
 great man of a city. But I was anxious to 
 see the great men of Europe ; for I had read 
 in the works of various philosophers, that all 
 animals degenerated in America, and man 
 among the number. A great man of Europe, 
 thought I, must, therefore, be as superior to a 
 great man of America as a peak of the Alps 
 to a highland of the Hudson ; and in this idea 
 I was confirmed, by observing the comparative 
 importance and swelling magnitude of many 
 English travellers among us, who, I was assured, 
 were very little people in their own country. 
 I will visit this land of wonders, thought I, and see 
 the gigantic race from which I am degenerated.
 
 20 THE SKETCH BOOK. 
 
 It has been either my good or evil lot to have 
 my roving passion gratified. I have wandered 
 through different countries, and witnessed many 
 of the shifting scenes of life. I cannot say that 
 I have studied them with the eye of the phil- 
 osopher, but rather with the sauntering gaze 
 with which humble lovers of the picturesque 
 stroll from the window of one print shop to 
 another ; caught sometimes by the delineations 
 of beauty, sometimes by the distortions of 
 caricature, and sometimes by the loveliness of 
 landscape. As it is the fashion for modern 
 tourists to travel pencil in hand, and bring home 
 their portfolios filled with sketches, I am 
 disposed to get up a few for the entertainment 
 of my friends. When, however, I look over 
 the hints and memorandums I have taken down 
 for the purpose, my heart almost fails me at 
 finding how my idle humour has led me aside 
 from the great objects studied by every regular 
 traveller who would make a book. I fear I
 
 THE SKETCH BOOK. 21 
 
 shall give equal disappointment with an 
 unlucky landscape painter, who had travelled 
 on the Continent, but, following the bent of his 
 vagrant inclination, had sketched in nooks, and 
 corners, and by-places. His sketch book was 
 accordingly crowded with cottages, and land- 
 scapes, and obscure ruins; but he had neglected 
 to paint St. Peter's, or the Coliseum ; the cascade 
 of Terni, or the Bay of Naples ; and had not a 
 single glacier or volcano in his whole collection. 
 
 PORCH, HOLY TRINITY CHURCH.
 
 THE RED HORSE INN, l82O. 
 
 STRATFORD-UPON-AVON. 
 
 Thou soft-flowing Avon, by thy silver stream 
 Of things more than mortal sweet Shakespeare would dream ; 
 The fairies by moonlight dance round his green bed, 
 For hallowed the turf is which pillowed his head. 
 
 GARRICK. 
 
 O a homeless man, who has no 
 spot on this wide world which 
 he can truly call his own, there 
 is a momentary feeling of some-
 
 24 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 thing like independence and territorial conse- 
 quence, when, after a weary day's travel, he kicks 
 off his boots, thrusts his feet into slippers, and 
 stretches himself before an inn fire. Let the 
 world without go as it may ; let kingdoms rise 
 or fall, so long as he has the wherewithal to pay 
 his bill, he is, for the time being, the very 
 monarch of all he surveys. The arm-chair is his 
 throne (11 the poker his sceptre, and the little 
 
 GEOFFREY CRAYON'S SCEPTRE. 
 
 parlour, of some twelve feet square, his undis- 
 puted empire. It is a morsel of certainty, 
 snatched from the midst of the uncertainties 
 of life ; it is a sunny moment gleaming out 
 kindly on a cloudy day ; and he who has 
 advanced some way on the pilgrimage of 
 existence, knows the importance of husband- 
 ing even morsels and moments of enjoyment. 
 "Shall I not take mine ease in mine inn?"
 
 STA'A TFORD- UPON- A VON. 25 
 
 thought I, as I gave the fire a stir, lolled back 
 in my elbow-chair, and cast a complacent look 
 about the little parlour of the Red Horse, at 
 
 Stratford-upon-Avon. (2) 
 
 
 THE WASHINGTON IRVING PARLOUR. 
 
 The words of sweet Shakespeare were just 
 passing through my mind as the clock struck
 
 26 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 midnight from the tower of the church in which 
 he lies buried. (3) There was a gentle tap at the 
 door, and a pretty chambermaid, putting in her 
 smiling face, inquired, with a hesitating air, 
 whether I had rung. (4) I understood it as a 
 modest hint that it was time to retire. My 
 dream of absolute dominion was at an end ; so 
 abdicating my throne, like a prudent potentate, 
 to avoid being deposed, and putting the Stratford 
 Guide Book under my arm, as a pillow com- 
 panion, I went to bed, and dreamt all night of 
 Shakespeare, the Jubilee, and David Garrick. 
 
 The next morning was one of those quickening 
 mornings which we sometimes have in early 
 spring ; for it was about the middle of March. 
 The chills of a long winter had suddenly given 
 way ; the north wind had spent its last gasp ; 
 and a mild air came stealing from the west, 
 breathing the breath of life into nature, and 
 wooing every bud and flower to burst forth 
 into fragrance and beauty.
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 29 
 
 I had come to Stratford on a poetical pilgrim- 
 age. My first visit was to the house where 
 Shakespeare was born, and where, according to 
 tradition, he was brought up to his father's craft 
 of wool-combing. (5) It is a small mean-looking 
 edifice of wood and plaster, a true nestling-place 
 of genius, which seems to delight in hatching its 
 offspring in by-corners. The walls of its squalid 
 chambers are covered with names and inscrip- 
 tions in every language, by pilgrims of all 
 nations, ranks, and conditions, from the prince 
 to the peasant ; and present a simple, but 
 striking instance of the spontaneous and 
 universal homage of mankind to the great poet 
 of nature. (6) 
 
 The house is shown by a garrulous old lady (7) 
 in a frosty red face, lighted up by a cold blue 
 anxious eye, and garnished with artificial locks 
 of flaxen hair, curling from under an exceedingly 
 dirty cap. She was peculiarly assiduous in 
 exhibiting the relics with which this, like all
 
 30 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 MARY HORNBY, FROM A SILHOUETTE IN THE 
 WHELER COLLECTION. 
 
 other celebrated shrines, abounds. There was 
 the shattered stock of the very matchlock with 
 which Shakespeare shot the deer, on his poaching 
 
 THE MATCHLOCK.
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 3 1 
 
 exploits. There, too, was his tobacco-box ; 
 which proves that he was a rival smoker of Sir 
 Walter Raleigh ; the sword also with which he 
 
 SHAKESPEARE'S SWORD. 
 
 played Hamlet ; and the identical lantern with 
 which Friar Laurence discovered Romeo and 
 
 THE LANTERN.
 
 32 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 Juliet at the tomb ! There was an ample 
 supply also of Shakespeare's mulberry-tree, which 
 seems to have as extraordinary powers of self- 
 multiplication as the wood of the true Cross; 
 of which there is enough extant to build a 
 ship of the line. 
 
 The most favourite object of curiosity, 
 however, is Shakespeare's chair. It stands in the 
 
 SHAKESPEARE S CHAIR.
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 35 
 
 chimney nook of a small gloomy chamber, just 
 behind what was his father's shop. (8) Here he 
 
 THE BIRTHPLACE: BEST KITCHEN (1820). 
 may many a time have sat when a boy, watching 
 the slowly revolving spit with all the longing of 
 an urchin ; or of an evening, listening to the 
 cronies and gossips of Stratford, dealing forth 
 churchyard tales and legendary anecdotes of 
 the troublesome times of England. In this 
 chair it is the custom of every one that visits 
 the house to sit : whether this be done with the
 
 36 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 hope of imbibing any of the inspiration of the 
 bard I am at a loss to say, I merely mention 
 the fact ; and mine hostess privately assured me, 
 that, though built of solid oak, such was the 
 fervent zeal of devotees, that the chair had to 
 be new bottomed at least once in three years. 
 It is worthy of notice also, in the history of this 
 extraordinary chair, that it partakes something 
 of the volatile nature of the Santa Casa of 
 Loretto, or the flying chair of the Arabian 
 enchanter; for though sold some few years since 
 to a northern princess, yet, strange to tell, it has 
 found its way back again to the old chimney 
 corner. 
 
 I am always of easy faith in such matters, 
 and am ever willing to be deceived, where the 
 deceit is pleasant and costs nothing. I am 
 therefore a ready believer in relics, legends, and 
 local anecdotes of goblins and great men ; and 
 would advise all travellers who travel for their 
 gratification to be the same. What is it to us,
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 39 
 
 whether these stories be true or false, so long as 
 we can persuade ourselves into the belief of 
 them, and enjoy all the charm of the reality? 
 There is nothing like resolute good-humoured 
 credulity in these matters ; and on this occasion 
 I went even so far as willingly to believe the 
 claims of mine hostess to a lineal descent from 
 the poet, when, unluckily for my faith, she put 
 into my hands a play of her own composition (9) 
 which set all belief in her consanguinity at 
 defiance. 
 
 From the birthplace of Shakespeare a few 
 paces' 10 ' brought me to his grave. He lies buried 
 in the chancel of the parish church, a large and 
 venerable pile, mouldering with age, but richly 
 ornamented. It stands on the banks of the 
 Avon, on an embowered point, and separated 
 by adjoining gardens from the suburbs of the 
 town. Its situation is quiet and retired : the 
 river runs murmuring at the foot of the church- 
 yard, and the elms which grow upon its banks
 
 40 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 droop their branches into its clear bosom. An 
 avenue of limes, the boughs of which are 
 curiously interlaced, so as to form in summer 
 
 v J /"^>^-A%- 
 
 ^afflH^ ^ ^^Slss 
 ' r ^^(^^,- ^- <^^^^* 
 
 AVKXUE, IDLY Ti<IXITv- CHURCH (l82O).
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 4 1 
 
 an arched way of foliage, leads up from the gate 
 of the yard to the church porch. The graves 
 are overgrown with grass ; the gray tombstones, 
 some of them nearly sunk into the earth, are 
 half covered with moss, which has likewise 
 
 HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, WEST END. 
 
 tinted the reverend old building. Small birds 
 have built their nests among the cornices and 
 fissures of the walls, and keep up a continual
 
 42 STRA TFOKD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 flutter and chirping ; and rooks are sailing and 
 
 cawing about its lofty gray spire.' 11 ' 
 
 In the course of my rambles I met with the 
 gray - headed sexton (12) and accompanied him 
 home to get the key of the church. He had 
 lived in Stratford, man and boy, for eighty years, 
 and seemed still to consider himself a vigorous 
 man, with the trivial exception that he had 
 nearly lost the use of his legs for a few years 
 past. His dwelling was a cottage, looking out 
 upon the Avon and its bordering meadows; and 
 was a picture of that neatness, order, and 
 comfort, which pervade the humblest dwellings 
 in this country. A low whitewashed room, with 
 a stone floor carefully scrubbed, served for 
 parlour, kitchen, and hall. Rows of pewter 
 and earthen dishes glittered along the dresser. 
 On an old oaken table, well rubbed and 
 polished, lay the family Bible and Prayer-book, 
 and the drawer contained the family library, 
 composed of about half a score of well-thumbed
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 47 
 
 volumes. An ancient clock (13) that important 
 article of cottage furniture, ticked on the 
 opposite side of the room ; with a bright 
 warming-pan hanging on one side of it, and the 
 old man's horn-handled Sunday cane on the 
 other. (14) The fire-place, as usual, was wide and 
 deep enough to admit a gossip knot within its 
 jambs. In one corner sat the old man's grand- 
 daughter sewing, a pretty blue-eyed girl, and 
 in the opposite corner was a superannuated 
 crony, whom he addressed by the name of John 
 Ainge (15) and who, I found, had been his com- 
 panion from childhood. They had played 
 together in infancy ; they had worked together 
 in manhood ; they were now tottering about 
 and gossiping away the evening of life ; and in a 
 short time they will probably be buried together 
 in the neighbouring churchyard. It is not often 
 that we see two streams of existence running 
 thus evenly and tranquilly side by side; it is 
 only in such quiet " bosom scenes " of life that
 
 48 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 they are to be met with. 
 
 I had hoped to gather some traditionary 
 anecdotes of the bard from these ancient chron- 
 iclers; but they had nothing new to impart. 
 The long interval during which Shakespeare's 
 writings lay in comparative neglect has spread 
 its shadow over his history ; and it is his good 
 or evil lot that scarcely anything remains to his 
 biographers but a scanty handful of conjectures. 
 
 The sexton and his companion had been em- 
 ployed as carpenters on the preparations for 
 the celebrated Stratford jubilee (16) and they 
 
 JUBILEE AMPHITHEATRE, 1769.
 
 S TRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 49 
 
 remembered Garrick, the prime mover of the 
 fete, who superintended the arrangements, and 
 who, according to the sexton, was " a short 
 punch man, very lively and bustling." John 
 Ainge had assisted also in cutting down Shake- 
 speare's mulberry-tree, of which he had a morsel 
 in his pocket for sale ; no doubt a sovereign 
 quickener of literary conception. 
 
 I was grieved to hear these two worthy wights 
 speak very dubiously of the eloquent dame who 
 shows the Shakespeare house. John Ainge shook 
 his head when I mentioned her valuable and 
 inexhaustible collection of relics, particularly 
 her remains of the mulberry-tree ; and the old 
 sexton even expressed a doubt as to Shakespeare 
 having been born in her house.' 17 ' I soon dis- 
 covered that he looked upon her mansion with 
 an evil eye, as a rival to the poet's tomb ; the 
 latter having comparatively but few visitors. 
 Thus it is that historians differ at the very 
 outset, and mere pebbles make the stream of
 
 50 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 truth diverge into different channels even at the 
 
 fountain head. 
 
 We approached the church through the 
 avenue of limes, and entered by a gothic porch, 
 
 'D 
 
 **+* 5- 
 
 *i?*frsr."= 
 i--^5^f- -f~ 
 
 STRATFORD CHURCH : NORTH PORCH. 
 
 highly ornamented, with carved doors of massive 
 oak. (18) The interior is spacious, and the archi- 
 tecture and embellishments superior to those of 
 most country churches. There are several 
 ancient monuments of nobility and gentry, over
 
 STKA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 5 1 
 
 some of which hang funeral escutcheons, and 
 banners dropping piecemeal from the walls.' 19 ' 
 The tomb of Shakespeare is in the chancel. 
 The place is solemn and sepulchral. Tall elms 
 wave before the pointed windows, and the 
 Avon, which runs at a short distance from the 
 walls, keeps up a low perpetual murmur. A flat 
 stone marks the spot where the bard is buried. 
 There are four lines inscribed on it, said to 
 have been written by himself, and which have 
 in them something extremely awful. (20) If they 
 are indeed his own, they show that solicitude 
 about the quiet of the grave, which seems 
 natural to fine sensibilities and thoughtful 
 minds : 
 
 Good frencl for lesvs sake forbeare, 
 To cligg the clvst encloased heare : 
 Bleste be ye man yt spares thes stones, 
 And cvrst be he yt moves my bones. 
 
 Just over the grave, in a niche of the wall, is 
 a bust of Shakespeare, put up shortly after his 
 death, and considered as a resemblance. 121 ' The
 
 52 STKA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 aspect is pleasant and serene, with a finely 
 arched forehead ; and I thought I could read in 
 it clear indications of that cheerful, social 
 disposition, by which he was as much charac- 
 terized among his contemporaries as by the 
 vastness of his genius. The inscription mentions 
 his age at the time of his decease fifty-three 
 years ; an untimely death for the world : for 
 what fruit might not have been expected from 
 the golden autumn of such a mind, sheltered as 
 it was from the stormy vicissitudes of life, and 
 flourishing in the sunshine of popular and royal 
 favour. 
 
 The inscription on the tombstone has not 
 been without its effect. It has prevented the 
 removal of his remains from the bosom of his 
 native place to Westminster Abbey, which was 
 at one time contemplated. A few years since 
 also, as some labourers were digging to make an 
 adjoining vault, the earth caved in, so as to 
 leave a vacant space almost like an arch,
 
 STRA TF ORD- UPON- A VON. 53 
 
 through which one might have reached into his 
 grave. No one, however, presumed to meddle 
 with his remains, so awfully guarded by a 
 malediction ; and lest any of the idle or the 
 v 
 
 STRATFORD CHURCH : CHANCEL.
 
 54 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 curious, or any collector of relics, should be 
 tempted to commit depredations, the old sexton 
 kept watch over the place for two days, until 
 the vault was finished, and the aperture closed 
 again. 122 ' He told me that he had made bold to 
 look in at the hole, but could see neither coffin 
 nor bones; nothing but dust. It was something, 
 I thought, to have seen the dust of Shakespeare. 
 
 Next to this grave are those of his wife, his 
 favourite daughter Mrs. Hall, and others of his 
 family. On a tomb dose by, also, is a full 
 length effigy of his old friend John Combe, of 
 usurious memory ; on whom he is said to have 
 written a ludicrous epitaph. There are other 
 monuments around, but the mind refuses to 
 dwell on anything that is not connected with 
 Shakespeare. His idea pervades the place : the 
 whole pile seems but as his mausoleum. The 
 feelings, no longer checked and thwarted by 
 doubt, here indulge in perfect confidence: other 
 traces of him may be false or dubious, but here
 
 STKA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 55 
 
 is palpable evidence and absolute certainty. 
 As I trod the sounding pavement, there was 
 something intense and thrilling in the idea, 
 that, in very truth, the remains of Shakespeare 
 were mouldering beneath my feet. It was a 
 long time before I could prevail upon myself to 
 
 STRATFORD CHURCH : WEST DOOR. 
 
 leave the place ; and as I passed through the 
 churchyard I plucked a branch from one of the
 
 56 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 yew trees, the only relic that I have brought 
 
 from Stratford. 
 
 HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, S.E.
 
 STKA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 57 
 
 I had now visited the usual objects of a 
 
 pilgrim's devotion, but I had a desire to see the 
 
 old family seat of the Lucys at Charlecote, and 
 
 THE ARMS OF LUCY, FROM A WINDOW AT 
 CHARLECOTE. 
 
 to ramble through the park where Shakespeare, 
 in company with some of the roysters of 
 Stratford, committed his youthful offence of 
 deer-stealing. In this hare-brained exploit we 
 are told that he was taken prisoner, and carried 
 to the keeper's lodge, where he remained 
 all night in doleful captivity.' 231 When brought
 
 58 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 into the presence of Sir Thomas Lucy, his 
 treatment must have been galling and humiliat- 
 ing; for it so wrought upon his spirit as to 
 produce a rough pasquinade, which was affixed 
 to the park-gate at Charlecote.* 
 
 This flagitious attack upon the dignity of the 
 Knight so incensed him, that he applied to a 
 lawyer at Warwick to put the severity of the 
 laws in force against the rhyming deer-stalker. 
 Shakespeare did not wait to brave the united 
 puissance of a Knight of the Shire and a 
 country attorney. He forthwith abandoned the 
 pleasant banks of the Avon and his paternal 
 
 * The following is the only stanza extant of this 
 
 lampoon : 
 
 A parliament member, a justice of peace, 
 At home a poor scarecrow, at London an asse, 
 If lowsie is Lucy, as some volke miscalle it, 
 Then Lucy is lowsie, whatever befall it. 
 
 He thinks himself great ; 
 
 Yet an asse in his state, 
 We allow by his ears but with asses to mate. 
 If Lucy is lowsie as some volke miscall it, 
 Then sing lowsie Lucy whatever befall it. (24)
 
 
 x -'t 8l[^vJj)<& 
 f . ; HI m? *-}' 
 
 JR ".; i4fe> 
 
 i- l '"iJ 
 
 tin (> <s 
 
 Mtf-m, 
 
 .f)"M^' 
 
 */ 
 
 iK- I Y ! : 
 
 Cr ' .'
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 6 1 
 
 trade ; wandered away to London ; became a 
 hanger-on to the theatres ; then an actor ; and, 
 finally, wrote for the stage; and thus, through 
 the persecution of Sir Thomas Lucy, Stratford 
 lost an indifferent wool-comber and the world 
 gained an immortal poet. He retained, how- 
 ever, for a long time, a sense of the harsh 
 treatment of the Lord of Charlecote, and 
 revenged himself in his writings ; but in the 
 sportive way of a good-natured mind. Sir 
 Thomas is said to be the original of Justice 
 Shallow, and the satire is slily fixed upon him 
 by the Justice's armorial bearings, which, like 
 those of the Knight, had white luces* in the 
 quarterings. 
 
 Various attempts have been made by his 
 biographers to soften and explain away this 
 early transgression of the poet; but I look 
 upon it as one of those thoughtless exploits 
 
 * The luce is a pike or jack, and abounds in the Avon 
 about Charlecote.
 
 62 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 natural to his situation and turn of mind. 
 Shakespeare, when young, had doubtless all the 
 wildness and irregularity of an ardent, undis- 
 ciplined, and undirected genius. The poetic 
 temperament has naturally something in it of 
 the vagabond. When left to itself it runs loosely 
 and wildly, and delights in everything eccentric 
 and licentious. It is often a turn up of a die, 
 in the gambling freaks of fate, whether a natural 
 genius shall turn out a great rogue or a great 
 poet ; and had not Shakespeare's mind for- 
 tunately taken a literary bias, he might have as 
 daringly transcended all civil, as he has all 
 dramatic laws. 
 
 I have little doubt that, in early life, when 
 running, like an unbroken colt, about the neigh- 
 bourhood of Stratford, he was to be found in 
 the company of all kinds of odd anomalous 
 characters ; that he associated with all the 
 madcaps of the place, and was one of those 
 unlucky urchins, at mention of whom old men
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 63 
 
 shake their heads, and predict that they will one 
 day come to the gallows. To him the poaching 
 in Sir Thomas Lucy's park was doubtless like a 
 
 CHARLECOTE PARK PALINGS. 
 
 foray to a Scottish Knight, and struck his eager, 
 and as yet untamed, imagination, as something 
 delightfully adventurous.* 
 
 * A proof of Shakespeare's random habits and associates 
 in his youthful days may be found in a traditionary anec- 
 dote, picked up at Stratford by the elder Ireland, and 
 mentioned in his " Picturesque Views on the Avon."
 
 64 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 About seven miles from Stratford lies the thirsty little 
 market town of Bidford, famous for its ale. Two societies 
 of the village yeomanry used to meet, under the appellation 
 of the Bidford topers, and to challenge the lovers of good 
 ale of the neighbouring villages to a contest of drinking. 
 Among others, the people of Stratford were called out to 
 prove the strength of their heads ; and in the number of 
 the champions was Shakespeare, who, in spite of the 
 proverb, that "they who drink beer will think beer," was 
 as true to his ale as Falstaff to his sack. The chivalry of 
 Stratford was staggered at the first onset, and sounded a 
 retreat while they had yet legs to carry them off the field. 
 They had scarcely marched a mile, when, their legs failing 
 them, they were forced to lie down under a crab-tree, 
 where they passed the night. It is still standing, and 
 goes by the name of Shakespeare's tree. 
 
 In the morning his companions awaked the bard, 
 and proposed returning to Bidford, but he declined, 
 saying he had had enough, having drank with 
 Piping Pebworth, Dancing Marston, 
 Haunted Hillboro', Hungry Grafton, 
 Dudging Exhall, Papist Wixford, 
 Beggarly Broom, and Drunken Bidford. 
 "The villages here alluded to," says Ireland," still bear 
 the epithets thus given them : the people of Pebworth are 
 still famed for their skill on the pipe and tabor ; Hill- 
 borough is now called Haunted Hillborough ; and Grafton 
 is famous for the poverty of its soil. "
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 65 
 
 The old mansion of Charlecote and its sur- 
 rounding park still remain in the possession of 
 the Lucy family, and are peculiarly interesting 
 
 SIR THOMAS LUCY, FROM HIS MONUMENT. 
 
 from being connected with this whimsical but 
 eventful circumstance in the scanty history of 
 the bard. As the house stood at little more 
 than three miles distance from Stratford, I 
 resolved to pay it a pedestrian visit, that I 
 might stroll leisurely through some of those 
 scenes from which Shakespeare must have 
 derived his earliest ideas of rural imagery.
 
 66 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 The country was yet naked and leafless ; but 
 English scenery is always verdant, and the 
 sudden change in the temperature of the 
 weather was surprising in its quickening effects 
 upon the landscape. It was inspiring and ani- 
 mating to witness this first awakening of spring: 
 to feel its warm breath stealing over the senses ; 
 to see the moist mellow earth beginning to put 
 forth the green sprout and the tender blade ; 
 and the trees and shrubs, in their reviving tints 
 and bursting buds, giving the promise of returning 
 foliage and flower. The cold snow -drop, that 
 little borderer on the skirts of winter, was to be 
 seen with its chaste white blossoms in the small 
 gardens before the cottages. The bleating of 
 the new dropt lambs was faintly heard from the 
 fields. The sparrow twittered about the thatched 
 eaves and budding hedges; the robin threw a 
 livelier note into his late querulous wintry strain; 
 and the lark, springing up from the reeking 
 bosom of the meadow, towered away into the
 
 S TRA TFORD- UPON -A VON. 67 
 
 bright fleecy cloud, pouring forth torrents of 
 melody. As I watched the little songster, 
 mounting up higher and higher, until his body 
 was a mere speck on the white bosom of the 
 cloud, while the ear was still filled with his 
 music, it called to mind Shakespeare's exquisite 
 little song in Cymbeline : 
 
 Hark ! hark ! the lark at heaven's gate sings, 
 
 And Phoebus 'gins arise, 
 His steeds to water at those springs, 
 On chalic'd flowers that lies. 
 
 And winking mary-buds begin 
 
 To ope their golden eyes ; 
 With everything that pretty bin : 
 
 My lady sweet, arise ! 
 
 Indeed the whole country about here is 
 poetic ground : everything is associated with 
 the idea of Shakespeare. Every old cottage that 
 I saw, I fancied into some resort of his boy- 
 hood, where he had acquired his intimate 
 knowledge of rustic life and manners, and 
 heard those legendary tales and wild super- 
 stitions which he has woven like witchcraft into
 
 63 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 his dramas. For, in his time, we are told it was 
 a popular amusement in winter evenings " to sit 
 round the fire, and tell merry tales of errant 
 knights, queens, lovers, lords, ladies, giants, 
 dwarfs, thieves, cheaters, witches, fairies, 
 goblins, and friars*." 
 
 My route for a part of the way lay in sight of 
 the Avon, which made a variety of the most 
 fanciful doublings and windings through a wide 
 and fertile valley ; sometimes glittering from 
 among willows, which fringed its borders ; 
 sometimes disappearing among groves, or 
 beneath green banks ; and sometimes rambling 
 
 * Scot, in his "Discoverie of Witchcraft," enumerates 
 a host of these fire-side fancies. " And they have so fraid 
 us with bull-beggars, spirits, witches, urchins, elves, hags, 
 fairies, satyrs, pans, faunes, syrens, kit with the can 
 sticke, tritons, centaurs, dwarfes, giantes, imps, calcars, 
 conjurors, nytnphes, changelings, incubus, Robin- 
 goodfellow, the spoorne, the mare, the man in the oke, 
 the hell-waine, the fiere drake, the puckle, Tom Thombe, 
 hobgoblins, Tom Tumbler, boneless, and such other 
 bugs, that we were afraid of our own shadowes."
 
 S TRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 69 
 
 out into full view, and making an azure sweep 
 round a slope of meadow land. This beautiful 
 bosom of country is called the Vale of the Red 
 Horse.' 251 A distant line of undulating blue hills 
 seems to be its boundary, whilst all the soft 
 intervening landscape lies in a manner en- 
 chained in the silver links of the Avon. 
 
 After pursuing the road for about three miles, 
 I turned off into a foot-path, which led along the 
 borders of fields and under hedge-rows to a 
 private gate of the park; (2ti) there was a stile, 
 however, for the benefit of the pedestrian ; there 
 being a public right of way through the grounds. 
 1 delight in these hospitable estates, in which 
 everyone has a kind of property at least as 
 far as the foot-path is concerned. It in some 
 measure reconciles a poor man to his lot, and 
 what is more, to the better lot of his neighbour, 
 thus to have parks and pleasure grounds thrown 
 open for his recreation. He breathes the pure 
 air as freely, and lolls as luxuriously under the
 
 70 STKA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 shade, as the lord of the soil ; and if he has not 
 the privilege of calling all that he sees his own, 
 he has not, at the same time, the trouble of 
 paying for it, and keeping it in order. 
 
 I now found myself among noble avenues of 
 oaks and elms, whose vast size bespoke the 
 growth of centuries.*' 27 ' The wind sounded 
 solemnly among their branches, and the rooks 
 cawed from their hereditary nests in the tree 
 tops. The eye ranged through a long lessening 
 vista, with nothing to interrupt the view but a 
 distant statue ; and a vagrant deer stalking like 
 a shadow across the opening.' 28 ' 
 
 There is something about these stately old 
 avenues that has the effect of gothic architec- 
 ture, not merely from the pretended similarity 
 of form, but from their bearing the evidence of 
 long duration, and of having had their origin in 
 a period of time with which we associate ideas 
 of romantic grandeur. They betoken also the
 
 STXA TFORD- UPON- A VON. ^\ 
 
 long-settled dignity, and proudly concentrated 
 independence of an ancient family ; and I have 
 heard a worthy but aristocratic old friend 
 
 STATUE OF DIANA, CHARLECOTE PARK. 
 
 observe, when speaking of the sumptuous 
 palaces of modern gentry, that "money could 
 do much with stone and mortar, but, thank 
 heaven, there was no such thing as suddenly 
 building up an avenue of oaks."
 
 72 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 It was from wandering in early life among 
 this rich scenery, and about the romantic soli- 
 tudes of the adjoining park of Fulbroke, which 
 then formed a part of the Lucy estate, that 
 some of Shakespeare's commentators have 
 supposed he derived his noble forest meditations 
 of Jacques, and the enchanting woodland 
 pictures in "As You Like It." It is in lonely 
 wanderings through such scenes, that the mind 
 drinks deep but quiet draughts of inspiration, 
 and becomes intensely sensible of the beauty 
 and majesty of nature. The imagination 
 kindles into reverie and rapture ; vague but 
 exquisite images and ideas keep breaking upon 
 it ; and we revel in a mute and almost incom- 
 municable luxury of thought. It was in some 
 such mood, and perhaps under one of those 
 very trees before me, which threw their broad 
 shades over the grassy banks and quivering 
 waters of the Avon, that the poet's fancy may 
 have sallied forth into that little song which
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 73 
 
 breathes the very soul of a rural voluptuary : 
 Under the greenwood tree, 
 Who loves to lie with me, 
 And tune his merry note, 
 Unto the sweet bird's throat, 
 Come hither, come hither, come hither, 
 Here shall he see 
 No enemy, 
 But winter and rough weather. 
 
 I had now come in sight of the house. It is 
 a large building of brick, with stone quoins, and 
 is in the gothic style of Queen Elizabeth's day, 
 having been built in the first year of her reign. 
 The exterior remains very nearly in its original 
 state, and may be considered a fair specimen of 
 the residence of a wealthy country gentleman 
 of those days. A great gateway opens from 
 the park into a kind of court-yard in front of 
 the house, ornamented with a grass-plot, shrubs, 
 and flower-buds. The gateway is in imitation 
 of the ancient barbacan ; being a kind of out- 
 post, and flanked by towers ; though evidently 
 for mere ornament, instead of defence. (29) The
 
 74 STKA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 front of the house is completely in the old style; 
 with stone shafted casements, a great bow- 
 window of heavy stone-work, and a portal with 
 
 - ^-'^^^uyl^^^^g^. -L-rTr 
 
 : ^ "^isr Z*r ~ *^^ 
 
 * ''^ 
 
 CHARLECOTE GATE HOUSE. 
 
 armorial bearings over it, carved in stone. At 
 each corner of the building is an octagon tower, 
 surmounted by a gilt ball and weathercock.
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 77 
 
 The Avon, which winds through the park, 
 makes a bend just at the foot of a gently sloping 
 bank, which sweeps down from the rear of the 
 house. Large herds of deer were feeding or 
 reposing upon its borders ; and swans were 
 sailing majestically upon its bosom. As I 
 contemplated the venerable old mansion, I 
 called to mind FalstarFs encomium on Justice 
 Shallow's abode, and affected indifference and 
 real vanity of the latter : 
 
 " Falstaff. You have here a goodly dwelling and a rich. 
 Shallow. Barren, barren, barren ; beggars all, beggars 
 all, Sir John: marry, good air." 
 
 Whatever may have been the joviality of the 
 old mansion in the days of Shakespeare, it had 
 now an air of stillness and solitude. The great 
 iron gateway that opened into the court-yard 
 was locked ; there was no show of servants 
 bustling about the place ; the deer gazed quietly 
 at me as I passed, being no longer harried by 
 the moss-troopers of Stratford. The only sign
 
 78 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 of domestic life that I met with was a white 
 cat stealing with wary look and stealthy pace 
 towards the stables, as if on some nefarious 
 expedition. I must not omit to mention the 
 carcass of a scoundrel crow which I saw sus- 
 pended against the barn wall, as it shows that 
 the Lucys still inherit that lordly abhorrence of 
 poachers, and maintain that rigorous exercise of 
 territorial power which was so strenuously 
 manifested in the case of the bard. 
 
 After prowling about for some time, I at 
 length found my way to a lateral portal, which 
 was the every-day entrance to the mansion.' 30 ' I 
 was courteously received by a worthy old house- 
 keeper, who, with the civility and communi- 
 cativeness of her order, showed me the interior 
 of the house. The greater part has undergone 
 alterations, and been adapted to modern tastes 
 and modes of living: there is a fine old oaken stair- 
 case ;' 31 ' and the great hall,' 3 ' 2 ' that noble feature 
 in an ancient manor-house, still retains much of
 
 yf^^:_-^. -^r rjf)
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 8 1 
 
 the appearance it must have had in the days of 
 Shakespeare. The ceiling is arched and lofty ; 
 and at one end is a gallery, in which stands an 
 organ. (33) The weapons and trophies of the chase, 
 which formerly adorned the hall of a country 
 gentleman, have made way for family portraits. 
 There is a wide hospitable fire-place, calculated 
 for an ample old-fashioned wood fire, formerly 
 the rallying place of winter festivity. On the 
 opposite side of the hall is the huge gothic bow- 
 window, with stone shafts, which looks out 
 upon the court-yard. Here are emblazoned in 
 stained glass the armorial bearings of the Lucy 
 family for many generations, some being dated 
 in 1558. I was delighted to observe in the 
 quarterings the three white luces, by which the 
 character of Sir Thomas was first identified with 
 that of Justice Shallow. They are mentioned 
 in the first scene of " The Merry Wives of Wind- 
 sor," where the Justice is in a rage with Falstaff 
 for having "beaten his men, killed his deer, and
 
 82 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 broken into his lodge." The poet had no doubt 
 the offences of himself and his comrades in 
 mind at the time, and we may suppose the 
 family pride and vindictive threats of the 
 puissant Shallow to be a caricature of the 
 pompous indignation of Sir Thomas. 
 
 " Shalltnu. Sir Hugh, persuade me not : I will make a 
 Star Chamber matter of it ; if he were twenty Sir John 
 Falstaffs, he shall not abuse Robert Shallow, Esq. 
 
 Slender. In the county of Gloster, justice of peace, and 
 coram. 
 
 Shallow. Ay, cousin Slender, and custalorum. 
 
 Slender. Ay, and ratalorum too, and a gentleman born, 
 master parson ; who writes himself Armigero in any bill, 
 warrant, quittance, or obligation, Armigero. 
 
 Shallow. Ay, that I do ; and have done any time these 
 three hundred years. 
 
 Slender. All his successors gone before him have 
 done't, and all his ancestors that come after him may ; 
 they may give the dozen white luces in their coat 
 
 Shallow. The council shall hear it ; it is a riot. 
 
 Evans. It is not meet the council hear of a riot ; there 
 is no fear of Got in a riot ; the council, hear you, shall 
 desire to hear the fear of Got, and not to hear a riot ; 
 take your vizaments in that. 
 
 Shallow. Ha ! o' my life, if I were young again, the 
 sword should end it ! "
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 83 
 
 Near the window thus emblazoned hung a 
 portrait by Sir Peter Lely of one of the Lucy 
 family, a great beauty of the time of Charles the 
 Second : (34) the old housekeeper shook her head 
 as she pointed to the picture, and informed me 
 that this lady had been sadly addicted to cards, 
 and had gambled away a great portion of the 
 family estate, among which was that part of the 
 park where Shakespeare and his comrades had 
 killed the deer. The lands thus lost had not 
 been entirely regained by the family even at the 
 present day. It is but justice to this recreant 
 dame to confess that she had a surpassingly fine 
 hand and arm. 
 
 The picture which most attracted my atten- 
 tion was a great painting over the fire-place, 
 containing likenesses of Sir Thomas Lucy and 
 his family, who inhabited the hall in the latter 
 part of Shakespeare's life-time. I at first thought 
 that it was the vindictive knight himself, but the 
 housekeeper assured me that it was his son ; the
 
 84 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 only likeness extant of the former being an effigy 
 upon his tomb in the church of the neighbour- 
 ing hamlet of Charlecote. The picture gives a 
 lively idea of the costume and manners of the 
 time. Sir Thomas is dressed in ruff and doublet; 
 white shoes with roses in them; and has a peaked 
 yellow, or, as Master Slender would say, " a 
 cane-coloured beard." (35) His lady is seated on 
 the opposite side of the picture in wide ruff and 
 long stomacher, and the children have a most 
 venerable stiffness and formality of dress. 
 Hounds and spaniels are mingled in the family 
 group ; a hawk is seated on his perch in the 
 foreground, and one of the children holds a 
 bow ; all intimating the knight's skill in hunt- 
 ing, hawking, and archery so indispensable to 
 an accomplished gentleman in those days.* 
 
 * Bishop Earle, speaking of the country gentleman of 
 his time, observes: " His housekeeping is seen much in the 
 different families of dogs, and serving-men attendant on 
 their kennels ; and the deepness of their throats is the 
 depth of his discourse. A hawk he esteems the true
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 85 
 
 I regretted to find that the ancient furniture 
 of the hall had disappeared ; for I had hoped 
 to meet with the stately elbow-chair of carved 
 oak, in which the country Squire of former days 
 was wont to sway the sceptre of empire over his 
 rural domains ; and in which it might be pre- 
 sumed the redoubted Sir Thomas sat enthroned 
 in awful state when the recreant Shakespeare was 
 brought before him. As I like to deck out 
 pictures for my entertainment, I pleased myself 
 with the idea that this very hall had been the 
 scene of the unlucky bard's examination on the 
 morning after his captivity in the lodge. I 
 
 burden of nobility, and is exceedingly ambitious to seem 
 delighted with the sport, and have his fist gloved with his 
 jesses." And Gilpin, in his description of a Mr. Hastings, 
 remarks: "He kept all sorts of hounds that run buck, 
 fox, hare, otter and badger ; and had hawks of all kinds, 
 both long and short-winged. His great hall was commonly 
 strewed with marrowbones, and full of hawk perches, 
 hounds, spaniels, and terriers. On a broad hearth, paved 
 with brick, lay some of the choicest terriers, hounds and 
 spaniels."
 
 86 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 fancied to myself the rural potentate, surrounded 
 by his body-guard of butler, pages, and blue- 
 coated serving-men with their badges ; while 
 the luckless culprit was brought in, forlorn 
 and chapfallen, in the custody of gamekeepers, 
 huntsmen, and whippers-in, and followed by a 
 rabble rout of country clowns. I fancied bright 
 faces of curious housemaids peeping from the 
 half-opened doors ; while from the gallery the 
 fair daughters of the Knight leaned gracefully 
 forward, eyeing the youthful prisoner with that 
 pity " that dwells in womanhood." Who would 
 have thought that this poor varlet, thus trem- 
 bling before the brief authority of a country 
 Squire, and the sport of rustic boors, was soon 
 to become the delight of princes ; the theme of 
 all tongues and ages ; the dictator to the human 
 mind; and was to confer immortality on his 
 oppressor by a caricature and a lampoon ! 
 
 I was now invited by the butler (3t5) to walk 
 into the garden, and I felt inclined to visit the
 
 S TRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 89 
 
 orchard and arbour where the Justice treated 
 Sir John Falstaffand Cousin Silence "to a last 
 year's pippen of his own grafting, with a dish of 
 carraways;" but I had already spent so much of 
 the day in my ramblings that I was obliged to 
 give up any further investigations. When about 
 to take my leave I was gratified by the civil 
 entreaties of the housekeeper and butler, that I 
 would take some refreshment : an instance of 
 good old hospitality, which I grieve to say we 
 castle-hunters seldom meet with in modern days. 
 I make no doubt it is a virtue which the present 
 representative of the Lucys inherits from his 
 ancestors ; for Shakespeare, even in his caricature, 
 makes Justice Shallow importunate in this 
 respect, as witness his pressing instances to 
 Falstaff 
 
 " By cock and pye, Sir, you shall not away to-night. 
 .... I will not excuse you ; you shall not be excused ; 
 excuses shall not be admitted ; there is no excuse shall 
 
 serve ; you shall not be excused Some 
 
 pigeons, Davy ; a couple of short-legged hens ; a joint 
 of mutton ; and any pretty little tiny kickshaws, tell 
 William Cook."
 
 90 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 I now bade a reluctant farewell to the old 
 hall. My mind had become so completely pos- 
 sessed by the imaginary scenes and characters 
 connected with it, that I seemed to be actually 
 living among them. Everything brought them 
 as it were before my eyes ; and as the door of 
 the dining-room opened, I almost expected to 
 hear the feeble voice of Master Silence quaver- 
 ing forth his favourite ditty : 
 
 " 'Tis merry in hall, when beards wag all, 
 And welcome merry Shrove-tide!" 
 
 CHARLECOTE CHURCH (1820).
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 91 
 
 On returning to my inn, I could not but 
 
 reflect on the singular gift of the poet ; to be 
 
 able thus to spread the magic of his mind over 
 
 THE ARM-CHAIR "THRONE." 
 
 the very face of nature ; to give to things and 
 places a charm and character not their own, 
 and to turn this "working-day world" into a 
 perfect fairy land. He is indeed the true 
 enchanter, whose spell operates, not upon the 
 senses, but upon the imagination and the heart. 
 Under the wizard influence of Shakespeare I had
 
 92 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 been walking all day in a complete delusion. 
 I had surveyed the landscape through the prism 
 of poetry, which tinged every object with the 
 hues of the rainbow. I had been surrounded 
 with fancied beings ; with mere airy nothings, 
 conjured up by poetic power ; yet which, to me, 
 had all the charm of reality. I had heard 
 Jacques soliloquize beneath his oak ; had beheld 
 the fair Rosalind and her companion adventur- 
 ing through the woodlands ; and, above all, had 
 been once more present in spirit with fat Jack 
 Falstaff, and his contemporaries, from the 
 august Justice Shallow, down to the gentle 
 Master Slender, and the sweet Anne Page. Ten 
 thousand honours and blessings on the bard 
 who has thus gilded the dull realities of life 
 with innocent illusions ; who has spread 
 exquisite and unbought pleasures in my 
 chequered path ; and beguiled my spirit in 
 many a lonely hour, with all the cordial and 
 cheerful sympathies of social life !
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 93 
 
 As I crossed the bridge over the Avon on my 
 
 return, I paused to contemplate the distant 
 
 church in which the poet lies buried, and could 
 
 not but exult in the malediction, which has kept 
 
 VIEW FROM CLOPTON BRIDGE. 
 
 his ashes undisturbed in its quiet and hallowed 
 vaults. What honour could his name have 
 derived from being mingled in dusty companion- 
 ship with the epitaphs and escutcheons and 
 venal eulogiums of a titled multitude? What 
 would a crowded corner in Westminster Abbey 
 have been, compared with this reverend pile,
 
 94 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 
 
 which seems to stand in beautiful loneliness as 
 his sole mausoleum ! The solicitude about the 
 grave may be but the offspring of an over-wrought 
 sensibility ; but human nature is made up of 
 foibles and prejudices ; and its best and ten- 
 derest affections are mingled with these factitious 
 feelings. He who has sought renown about the 
 world, and has reaped a full harvest of worldy 
 favour, will find, after all, that there is no love, 
 no admiration, no applause, so sweet to the soul 
 as that which springs up in his native place. It 
 is there that he seeks to be gathered in peace 
 and honour among his kindred and his early 
 friends. And when the weary heart and failing 
 head begin to warn him that the evening of life 
 is drawing on, he turns as fondly as does the 
 infant to the mother's arms, to sink to sleep in 
 the bosom of the scene of his childhood. 
 
 How would it have cheered the spirit of the 
 youthful bard, when, wandering forth in disgrace 
 upon a doubtful world, he cast back a heavy
 
 STRA TFORD- UPON- A VON. 95 
 
 look upon his paternal home, could he have 
 foreseen that, before many years, he should 
 return to it covered with renown ; that his name 
 should become the boast and glory of his native 
 place ; that his ashes should be religiously 
 guarded as its most precious treasure ; and that 
 its lessening spire, on which his eyes were fixed 
 in tearful contemplation, should one day become 
 the beacon, towering amidst the gentle land- 
 scape, to guide the literary pilgrim of every 
 nation to his tomb !
 
 The initials placed after the Notes signify their source: 
 S. - Saunders Collection. 
 W. - Wheler Collection. 
 ED. - Editors' Notes. 
 
 HE arm-chair " Throne," which Irving 
 describes, is still to be seen in the 
 little parlour of the Red Horse Hotel. 
 Ed. 
 
 (2) The Red Horse Inn, at Stratford-upon-Avon, has, by 
 the " honourable mention " of Geoffry Crayon, 
 acquired much additional celebrity amongst the 
 votaries of Shakespeare, and more particularly with 
 his transatlantic admirers, who are not only numer- 
 ous but enthusiastic in his cause, and invariably ask 
 leave to be received in the "little parlour." This 
 snug apartment is immediately on the left of the 
 gateway of entrance, and fronts to the Bridge Street.
 
 NOTES. 97 
 
 It is already, through the presents of strangers, decor- 
 ated with the portrait of Washington Irving, well 
 engraved and framed in gold. And the portion of 
 this admirable delineator's "Sketch Book" relating 
 to Stratford-upon-Avon, neatly bound, lies on the 
 table, to give information, or to receive the remarks 
 of the well-bred critic, and is thus inscribed by the 
 donor " Presented by Mr. Moncure Robinson, ot 
 Virginia, to the landlady of the Red Horse Inn, for 
 the perusal of future pilgrims at Stratford with an 
 understanding that when too much worn for use it 
 will be replaced by another copy. September 2ist, 
 1825." 
 
 This enthusiasm manifests itself whimsically in some 
 instances, for a small party, a short time since, 
 abstracted the ' ' poker " from this apartment, and 
 taking up our author's considering it a symbol of 
 dominion, returned it, in a few days, inscribed 
 "GEOFFREY CRAYON'S SCEPTRE," and displaying 
 an honesty for which the household gave them in the 
 first instance no great credit. And "mine host," a 
 well-read Shakespearian himself, bethought him of 
 our poet's words : 
 
 "Nym and Bardolph are sworn brothers in filching; 
 and in Calais they stole a fireshovel." 
 And was almost fearful he should lose his own supre- 
 macy in a consequent inability to "Turn and wind 
 his fiery Pegasus " whilst he exclaimed from his 
 gouty throne :
 
 98 NOTES. 
 
 " No hand of blood and bone 
 Can gripe the sacred handle of our Sceptre, 
 Unless he do prophane, steal, or usurp." S. 
 The "party" thus facetiously alluded to as having 
 abstracted the poker was, in reality, Mr. Henry Van 
 Wart, Irving's brother-in-law. He took it to Birming- 
 ham, with the consent of Mr. Isaac Gardner, the 
 
 MR. HENRY VAN WART. 
 
 then owner of the Red Horse, and had engraved 
 upon it "Geoffrey Crayon's Sceptre." It is still 
 preserved with all reverent care at the hotel, and 
 shown to visitors who are interested. Ed.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 99 
 
 (3) Our author is here mistaken ; the church tower never 
 contained a clock, and admitting it did, its distance 
 from the Red Horse would have rendered such sound 
 inaudible. " The very witching time of night" was 
 announced, in this instance, from the Market Cross, 
 
 OLD MARKET CROSS. 
 
 which then supported the public clock nearest to his 
 Inn, and which, about a year and a half subsequently 
 to Mr. Irving's first recorded visit, was pulled down 
 to be succeeded by a contiguous structure of greater 
 extent and convenience to the weekly market. S.
 
 ioo NOTES. 
 
 The ancient Market Cross was taken down August 
 nth, 1821, and the old clock passed into the posses- 
 sion of the late Mr. John Pearce, whose clockmaker's 
 shop was immediately opposite the building ; it was 
 afterwards fixed at Talton House, about six miles 
 from Stratford-upon-Avon, where it still remains. 
 The present Mayor of Stratford-upon-Avon is the 
 grandson of Mr. John Pearce, and will have filled 
 the Mayoral chair three years on gth November 
 next (1900). Ed. 
 
 (4) Sally Gardiner [Garner], the zealous housekeeper of 
 the establishment, regrets that she did not show 
 herself on this occasion to our author, for she it was 
 who actually rapped at the door, and by subsequently 
 allowing pretty Hannah Cuppage to attend him with 
 the bed candle and warming-pan to No. 15 (imme- 
 diately over "the little parlour ") lost an immortality 
 from his pen. On a future visit, however, she still 
 hopes to exclaim : 
 "'Tis now midnight, and by eight o'clock to-morrow, 
 
 I may be made immortal." 
 
 It should be added that Sally is (as well as her 
 master, Mr. Isaac Gardner), in "single blessedness;" 
 that in dress she is the quakerly personification of the 
 "simplex munditiis,"and from surname and obliging 
 and uncontrouled exercise of deputed authority, is 
 constantly supposed to rightfully assert, and not 
 
 " To take upon her the hostess-ship of the day." S.
 
 NOTES. 101 
 
 Having a strong objection to sit for her portrait, no 
 likeness of Sally would have been made had not 
 someone surreptitiously and cleverly cut a paper 
 silhouette of her. The accompanying sketch is 
 
 SALLY GARNER. 
 
 taken from this silhouette, now in the possession of 
 Alderman W. G. Colbourne. The tray and glasses 
 are a satire upon the maid's temperance proclivity. 
 It is a fact that she would not allow a post-boy to 
 drink a glass of beer until he had first eaten some 
 bread and cheese. Sally was with Mr. Isaac Gardner 
 many years ; she retired to Tanworth, near Henley- 
 in-Arden, died at an advanced age, and was buried 
 there. Ed.
 
 102 NOTES. 
 
 (5) Tradition is the only ground upon which old John 
 
 Shakespeare having been a woolcomber rests. Yet 
 it is not improbable to have been the case during 
 some portion of his sojourning in Stratford. He is re- 
 corded in the town archives as a Glover, as a 
 Yeoman, as a Gentleman and through all the grada- 
 tions of municipal rank to that of chief magistrate. S. 
 
 (6) Irving simply saw the middle portion of the house in 
 
 which the Poet was born ; it originally consisted of 
 sixteen rooms, but at the time of the author's visit it 
 was divided into three tenements. Ed. 
 
 (7) The widow Hornby's is an admirably drawn portrait. 
 
 She removed from this interesting residence on loth 
 of October, 1820, when her landlady, the widow 
 Court, took possession, and where our author made 
 his second visit, as before stated ; Mrs. Hornby took 
 away all the undoubted articles which belonged to 
 Shakespeare with her, to another habitation imme- 
 diately opposite, where she continued to exhibit 
 them ; yet Geoffrey Crayon is known never again to 
 have exclaimed: "Shall we go see the relics?" 
 As these rival dowagers parted on envious terms, 
 they were constantly to be seen at their doors 
 abusing each other and their respective visitors, and 
 frequently with so much acerbity as to disgust and 
 even deter the latter from entering either dwelling. 
 The following impromptu proceeded from a traveller 
 who had called on, and been annoyed by both :
 
 NOTES. 103 
 
 "What Birthplace here! and relics there? 
 Abuse from each ! ye brawling blowses ! 
 Each picks my pocket, 'tis not fair, 
 
 A stranger's " Curse on both your houses !" 
 This destructive rivalry at length rose to such a 
 height, that in [1823] one street could not contain 
 them, when Mrs. Hornby removed the relics to 
 another receptacle in Wood Street, where they now 
 [1828] repose, except the " Tobacco Box," which her 
 son, leaving home, took away as a remembrance, 
 and of which the following is a correct resemblance : 
 
 SHAKESPEARE'S TOBACCO BOX. 
 It is a pocket box of iron, and in the lid is inserted 
 a burning glass for igniting the "aromatic weed." 
 The representation given below is that of a 
 Spanish Card-box, embellished with the regal arms 
 
 
 SHAKESPEARE'S CARD BOX.
 
 104 NOTES. 
 
 of King Philip, which is reported by the exhibitor 
 to have been a present to Queen Elizabeth, and from 
 her to Shakespeare ! 
 
 The real history of the lantern is, that Hart the 
 glazier, a descendant from the poet's sister, formed it 
 out of the broken glass of the birth-house, which he 
 inherited and dwelt in. 
 
 The chair shown until 1790, then disappeared ; it 
 was sold by the last resident, Hart, to the agents of 
 a foreigner of distinction. Mr. Burnet, in his " View 
 of the present state of Poland," thus describes this 
 relic: "The Princess Czartoryska has amassed a con- 
 siderable collection of curiosities of various descrip- 
 tions. Amongst others the reader may judge of my 
 pleasing surprise, on discovering in Poland, the chair 
 of Shakespeare! It was one day sent for to the saloon: 
 a pretty large chair soon made its appearance, and 
 seemingly consisted of one entire piece of wood, the 
 back being plain, and somewhat ornamented at the 
 sides; but what appeared to me the strangest circum- 
 stance of all was, that the whole was painted or 
 stained of a faint or delicate green colour. Being 
 left to wonder for a while at appearances, which 
 I found myself unable to explain, from the little 
 knowledge I possessed of the antiquities of the reigns 
 of Elizabeth and James, some hand was placed on the 
 back of the chair, a great case was uplifted, and 
 behold a little plain, ordinary and whitish wooden
 
 NOTES. 105 
 
 chair appeared, such as might haply be found in most 
 of our cottages of the present day ! " S. 
 
 In 1823 Mrs. Hornby removed her "relics "from the 
 little house, opposite the Birthplace, to Wood Street. 
 Some years afterwards they were exhibited in 
 Bridge Street, and soon after at 23, High Street, 
 where they were shown to visitors by Mrs. Hornby's 
 grand-daughter, Mrs. Arabella James, until August, 
 1867, when they were sold by auction ; a few of the 
 lots, considered to be genuine, were purchased by the 
 Birthplace Trustees, and friends of Mrs. James 
 bought in most of the remaining lots ; these she 
 exhibited until her death in December, 1880, her 
 only sister, Mrs. Smith, then becoming their pos- 
 sessor, removed to 23, High Street, and continued 
 the exhibition for about nine years, when (on the 
 death of her husband), she removed to 5, Trinity 
 Street, and took the objects with her. Remaining 
 there for a year or two she moved to 56, Ely Street, 
 and died there in February, 1893, leaving the relics 
 to her nephew, Mr. Thomas Hornby, of King's 
 Thorpe, in Northamptonshire. He died in 1896, 
 and on the 4th June of that year, they were, together 
 with the much mutilated early Birthplace Visitors' 
 Autograph Albums, sold by Messrs. Christie, Manson 
 and Woods, to various purchasers. The where- 
 abouts of the "Tobacco-box" is at present unknown.
 
 io6 NOTES. 
 
 The following prices realised at the sale for some of 
 the chief relics may be of interest : 
 
 js.d. 
 
 Lot 96 A carved oak chair, with high cane back, 8150 
 ,, 97 Ditto do. ... ... 900 
 
 ,, 98 An oak arm chair ... ... 12 10 o 
 
 ,, 99 A child's chair ... ... 660 
 
 ,, IOO An oak writing desk, carved ... 300 
 
 ,, 101 An oak chest, said to have been 
 
 Anne Hathaway's... ... 850 
 
 ,, 106 A piece of Shakespeare's mulberry tree 2 12 o 
 ,, 107 An old iron lock, from the door of 
 
 Shakespeare's birth chamber i 40 
 
 ,, 108 Iron grate and crane, from the Birthplace 0120 
 ,, 109 Iron coffre fort ... ... 440 
 
 ,, no A card box ... ... ... 3 30 
 
 ,, in A lantern ... ... ... 600 
 
 ,, 112 A basket-hilled sword (described by 
 
 Washington Irving) ... 5 10 o 
 
 ,, 113 Plaster panel, David and Goliath, 1606 
 (taken from the wall of Shakespeare's 
 house) ... ... ... 26 o 
 
 ,, 1 20 Sir John and Lady Barnard, a pair 
 
 of portraits... ... ... 4 IO o 
 
 121 Portrait of a girl, said to be Judith 
 
 Shakespeare .. ... 2 10 o 
 
 The portraits of Sir John and Lady Barnard were 
 bought by the Birthplace Trustees. Judith Shake- 
 speare's portrait was bought by Mr. Edward Fox, of
 
 NOTES. 107 
 
 Stratford-upon-Avon, and is now exhibited in the 
 Picture Gallery at the Shakespeare Memorial. 
 The whole sale realised ^130 gs. 6d. Messrs. J. 
 and M. L. Tregaskis purchased many of the lots. 
 
 Ed. 
 
 (8) Irving was mistaken on that point, owing probably to 
 
 the division of the house mentioned in Note 6. John 
 Shakespeare's shop consisted of the two lower rooms 
 of the portion now used for a Museum and Library. 
 
 Ed. 
 
 (9) Miss Hawkins, thus adverts to the dramatic powers 
 
 of the proprietor of the relics : 
 
 " Mrs. Hornby, a very decent nurse-like woman in 
 her exterior, appears very singular in her mind. She 
 writes and prints plays and verses of her own com- 
 position. From the newspapers she has made a 
 tragedy of the battle of Waterloo, the queerest thing 
 imaginable. The interlocutors' names are in initials, 
 the P.R., D.Y., and the Marquess of W. She has 
 made our Ministry sitting in council, under the 
 appelations of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Minister. In one 
 act she has made Buonaparte in Paris, and Louis a 
 fugitive ; in the next she has made the Parisians 
 merely conjecturing Buonaparte's escape from Elba. 
 But her innocent conceit is the most curious circum- 
 stance of her character. She talks of her performances 
 with wondrous approbation ; she says she composes 
 whenever she cannot sleep;" [surely it must be herself 
 thereto] "and has written some beautiful verses, &c."
 
 io8 NOTES. 
 
 Miss Hawkins certainly overrates the literary acquire- 
 ments of Mrs. Hornby. Othello says 
 " There is no composition in news 
 
 That gives them credit." 
 They are better estimated by Dogberry 
 " To write and read comes by nature." 
 
 In fact, the reputed authoress is none ! S. 
 Printed copies of Mrs. Hornby's compositions are in 
 the Birthplace and Memorial Libraries, and the 
 following description of the brochures may be of 
 interest : 
 
 "The / Battle of Waterloo, / a tragedy, / by Mary 
 Hornby. / Stratforcl-upon-Avon. / Printed for the 
 Author, by W. Barnacle / 1819." 
 In the Preface it is stated that " The following pages 
 were originally written in detached parts, in the 
 same room which gave birth to my great Predecessor, 
 the immortal Shakespeare." 
 
 Alas poor Mary ! though her will was good her 
 poetic muse went haulting, and she "humbly im- 
 plored, from an indulgent public, that kindness, 
 which an unprotected Female never asked in vain." 
 " Extemporary/ verses,/ written at the/ Birthplace / 
 of / Shakespeare, / at / Stratford-upon-Avon, / by 
 people of genius ; / To which is added, / a brief 
 History of the immortal / Bard and family, / with / 
 a discourse on Natural / and Moral Philosophy, / by 
 Mary Hornby. / Price One Shilling. Barnacle, 
 Printer, Stratford."
 
 NOTES. 109 
 
 This very rare tract contains an address "To the 
 Public," wherein Mary Hornby vindicates herself 
 against the " design of her enemies," who had thrown 
 discredit upon the Shakespeare relics. "The House 
 is the same as when my late husband was put in 
 possession of it, which was by Thomas Hart, of 
 whom he also purchased part of the Relics which I 
 shew in the House. The Poet's descendants lived here 
 in regular succession until my husband took it." 
 There can be no doubt about the correctness of Mrs. 
 Hornby's statement, though she is believed to have 
 added to the original collection purchased at a 
 valuation from Thomas Hart, on May 2Oth, 1793. 
 But the Harts were collateral, not direct descendants 
 of the poet, being descended from Shakespeare's 
 sister Joan, who married William Hart. 
 As an example of Mary's "poetry," the following 
 lines may be quoted : 
 
 "'Twas Shakespeare's skill to draw the tender tear, 
 For never heart felt passion more sincere; 
 See Shakespeare's awful rev'rend shade, 
 And bind thy brows with laurel made." M.H. 
 Mary Hornby's account of the "dice box" runs as 
 follows : 
 
 " Shakespeare had a goblet of great value, with his 
 arms engraved upon it, it was supposed to have 
 been introduced to the King of Spain ; this goblet 
 was a round drinking vessel or cup, made without
 
 1 10 NOTES. 
 
 a resting part, so that the person was obliged to 
 drink what it contained or run the hazard of 
 spilling the Liquor if he set it down ; in return, he 
 [the King of Spain] presented the Poet with a gold 
 embroidered dice box ; upon account of the im- 
 mense profit the Duke made by wool." p. 14. 
 Poor Mary seems to have gone wool gathering at the 
 end of this sentence, but probably this allusion is to 
 John Shakespeare's trade, to which she had pre- 
 viously referred. Ed. 
 
 Robert Bell Wheler had no belief in Mrs. Hornby's 
 poetic powers, and states that "It is well known that 
 not any of her plays, scarcely any part of them, were 
 of her own composition. Bad as they are, she had not 
 the ability to write them. They were composed by 
 various persons whom she employed and paid. I 
 have heard that a recruiting sergeant supplied her 
 with a considerable portion. Her ignorance was as 
 great as her credulity, and she debated whether she 
 should make "The Battle of Waterloo" a Comedy 
 or a Tragedy, and at last made it, as Miss Hawkins 
 justly observes, "the queerest thing imaginable. " . . 
 She had three children, Mary Spiers Hornby (after- 
 wards married to Joseph Reasen, a butcher in Wood 
 Street, Stratford), Richard Shakespeare Hornby, and 
 John Hornby ; the latter of whom died a minor iQth 
 August, 1815." W. 
 
 ( 10) The same prepossession as to the distance of the 
 church, as that cleared up in Note 3. S. and Ed.
 
 NOTES. in 
 
 (I I ) Jack-daws, not rooks, build in, and hover about the 
 church tower. A colony of the latter have, during 
 the last spring [1828], settled in the lofty elms here. 
 
 S. 
 
 (12) William Edmonds, whom our author accurately 
 describes, was then the Clerk of the Parish, and 
 resided in the central building of the group of cot- 
 tages in the vignette, the low doorway of which 
 entered into the kitchen so minutely and correctly 
 remarked by Mr. Irving. Being then a widower, his 
 grand -daughter, Sally Kite, kept his house ; she 
 subsequently married James Trinder, a carpenter. 
 
 S. 
 
 William Edmonds was born about 1740, but 
 his baptism does not appear to be entered in 
 the Stratford-upon-Avon Registers. He married 
 Elizabeth Nichols, of Stratford-upon-Avon, on 6th 
 October, 1761, their only child, Elizabeth, was bap- 
 tised 1 8th November, 1768; on I3th April, 1796, 
 she married Francis Horn Kite, of Stratford, by 
 whom she had five sons and one daughter, of whom 
 Thomas, the youngest, born 3oth June, 1809, died 
 at Stratford-upon-Avon 27th December, 1899. From 
 1829 to 1860 he occupied the post of Parish Clerk 
 and conducted Mr. M. Van Buren, Minister of the 
 United States, Washington Irving, the secretary, and 
 Mr. John Van Buren, son of the above, through 
 the church on their visit 2Oth December, 1831.
 
 U2 NOTES. 
 
 The old sexton's wife died in February, 1811, and 
 his grand-daughter, Sally Kite, "a pretty blue-eyed 
 girl," born 6th November, 1796, kept his house until 
 his death, 27th April, 1823, at the age of 83 years. 
 She then, as Saunders observes, " married James 
 Trinder" and had issue, some of whom are still living 
 in Stratford. Ed. 
 
 (13) This clock now stands 
 in the "little parlour" 
 of the Red Horse Hotel, 
 and bears, upon a brass 
 plate, the following in- 
 scription : 
 The 
 
 Old Sexton's Clock, 
 mentioned in the 
 " Sketch Book," 
 
 by 
 
 Washington Irving. 
 It was made by "Thomas 
 Sharp, Stratford;" the 
 man who purchased the 
 wood of the mulberry 
 tree, planted by Shake- 
 speare at New Place, 
 after it had been cut 
 down by the Rev. 
 Francis Gastrell, in 
 1756. tf.
 
 NOTES. 113 
 
 (14) This was, many years ago, given to a tradesman of 
 Stratford-upon-Avon to repair, and was never re- 
 turned, nor can its whereabouts now be traced. It 
 is represented as hanging to the left of the clock in 
 the view of the interior of Edmond's cottage. Ed. 
 
 (15) Joseph Ainge was at that time one of the almsmen 
 of the borough. These cronies [Ainge and Edmonds], 
 lie buried in the churchyard, as foreseen, Edmonds 
 having died on the 27th of April, 1823, and Ainge, 
 on nth of October, 1824, the one aged 83, the latter 
 88. S. 
 
 Irving evidently misunderstood the Christian name 
 of Ainge. Edmonds would familiarly address him 
 as "Joe," and Irving took it to be John. Ainge mar- 
 ried Isabel Nichols, of Stratford-upon-Avon, on I2th 
 October, 1761. He was appointed to an almsplace 
 on 6th February, 1805, in the place of Joseph Buck, 
 deceased. Ed. 
 
 (16) At the conclusion of that Jubilee, Edmonds secured 
 a curious wooden punch-ladle which, having passed 
 
 WOODEN PUNCH-LADLE USED AT THE 
 JUBILEE, 1769.
 
 114 NOTES. 
 
 to his only child Elizabeth, ultimately became the 
 property of her youngest son Thomas Kite, from 
 whom it was purchased on 1st March, 1899, by the 
 Trustees and Guardians of Shakespeare's Birthplace, 
 and placed in the Birthplace Museum. Ed. 
 
 (17) Jordan, the Stratford poet, among many other vag- 
 aries was, at one period, extremely anxious to 
 establish a belief that Shakespeare was born at a 
 house by the Waterside, at the eastern extremity of 
 Mr. Hunt's garden, called the Brook house. It was 
 pulled down about 17 . . , and in 1597 had been 
 occupied by a coal dealer. Jordan sent his proofs 
 to Mr. Mai one, and was most sanguine that he 
 would, in his expected new edition, make a decisive 
 use of them. They have not, however, been pro- 
 mulgated by Mr. Bos well, and doubtless were 
 inconclusive. By the Chamberlain's accounts of 
 1597 it appears that there was "paid to Thomas 
 Waring, of the Broke house, for Ixxij qr. of colles 
 iij li. xij s. " W. 
 
 The "old sexton" was evidently imbued with 
 Jordan's theory. Ed. 
 
 (18) The doors were removed by request of the present 
 Vicar in 1891, and sold by one of the churchwardens 
 in 1894. Whereupon the parishioners demanded that 
 these relics of a former age should be returned. They 
 have since been lying in an outhouse on the south 
 side of the churchyard. An account of their cost, in
 
 NOTES. 115 
 
 1617, may be seen in the Vestry Minute Book of 
 Stratford-upon-Avon, p. 6, lately published by the 
 Rev. G. Arbuthnot, Vicar of the Parish. Ed. 
 
 (19) These were chiefly over monuments to the Clopton 
 family and Sir George and Lady Carew ; only a few 
 pieces now remain. Ed. 
 
 (20) This is very doubtful, but the lines may have been 
 written by those who knew his wishes. Ed. 
 
 (21) With reference to the bust, the following "excuse" 
 and remarks appear in one of the church albums 
 (deposited in the Birthplace Library), and are from 
 the pen of the celebrated painter, R. B. Haydon 
 
 "An excuse for Malone's painting Shakespeare's bust: 
 Ye who visit the shrine 
 Of the poet divine 
 
 With patient Malone don't be vext ! 
 On his face he's thrown light 
 By painting it white 
 Which you know he ne'er did on his text ! 
 
 July 18, 1828." 
 (Signed unth monogram) R.B. H. 
 
 July 19, [1828]. 
 
 "The more this bust of Shakespeare is studied, the 
 more every one must be convinced of its truth of form, 
 feature, and expression. Some one has said, " If it 
 be not a flattering, at least it is a faithful resemblance "
 
 Il6 NOTES. 
 
 at least ! ; the faithful resemblance of a great man, 
 is the most important part of a Portrait. No ideal 
 or poetical conception however elevated could have 
 exceeded or equalled, the form and beauty of the 
 upper part of the head, from the eye-brows : the 
 forehead is as firm as Raphael's or Bacon's ; and the 
 form of the nose and exquisite refinement of the 
 mouth, with its amiable, genial hilarity of wit and 
 good-nature ; so characteristic, so evidently wwideal, 
 bearing truth in every curve, with a little bit of the 
 teeth shewing, at the moment of smiling, which must 
 have been often seen, by those who had the happiness 
 to know Shakespeare, and must have been pointed 
 out to the sculptor as necessary to likeness when he 
 (Shakespeare) was dead. The whole bust is stamped 
 with an air of fidelity, perfectly invaluable. Some 
 have thought the upper lip was lengthened, to give 
 room for the mustachis; but our artist who has 
 proved himself so able in the form and feature of the 
 other parts, would have never dared to take such an 
 unwarrantable liberty. The great object in the 
 resemblances of great men should be truth: the 
 disease of the present generation, when they are 
 painted, is not to be made as they are even in their 
 best looks, but as they luish nature had made them ! 
 All true individual expression and character is lost 
 in a general air of effeminate fashion and dandyism. 
 Those who have Roman noses, beg they may be made 
 straight, and those who have short ones, order them
 
 NOTES. 117 
 
 to be painted long ; thus all faith is lost, and a por- 
 trait no longer becomes what the portraits of the 
 illustrious especially ought always to be, viz. : a 
 future subject of speculation for the physionomist, 
 the artist, and the philosopher. This bust of Shake- 
 speare is the very reverse in execution of the 
 weakness complained of; and as long as the material 
 lasts, will convey to all adorers, a form of head and 
 feature, and a look and expression, on which their 
 enthusiasm may implicitly rely. The best view of it 
 is in profile, when standing on the vaults and looking 
 between the little black Corinthian column and the 
 back of the monument no one who sees it, thus, 
 will affirm I have exaggerated its pretensions. 
 
 Hail and farewell ! 
 Underneath as ivritten, H." 
 
 "Aug. 1832. 
 Remarks worthy of Haydon Dan. McClise." Ed. 
 
 The eminent sculptor Sir Francis Chantrey, while 
 staying with the Rev. Francis Palmer, Rector of 
 Alcester, visited Stratford-upon-Avon, and on his 
 return Mr. Palmer asked him what he thought of 
 Shakespeare's bust in the Parish Church, to which 
 he replied "The head is as finely chiselled as a 
 master man could do it, but the bust any common 
 labourer would produce." Ed. 
 
 (22) Here we have a correct statement as to the non- 
 intrusion of any unhallowed hand into the sacred
 
 n 8 NOTES. 
 
 depository of Shakespeare's dust, on this occasion, 
 which honestly counteracts the impression which Sir 
 Richard Phillips pretends to have received, on the 
 spot, from a gentleman whose delicate devotion and 
 zeal for his transcendent townsman is as conspicuous 
 as his incapability of misleading the book-making 
 knight to print so flagrant a perversion of the valuable 
 
 information which Mr. generously did 
 
 impart. 
 
 [Vide " Monthly Magazine," Feb. 1818.]^. 
 
 (23) Fulbrook Park, on the opposite side of the Avon, 
 which also belonged to Sir Thomas Lucy, and formed 
 an appendage or continuation of the Charlecote Park, 
 is the place traditionally related to be the site of the 
 youthful Shakespeare's depredations ; and here, on a 
 commanding eminence, called Daisy Hill, now occu- 
 pied as a farm-house, yet stands the Ranger's Lodge, 
 where the captured deer-stalkers are said to have 
 passed the night in durance, previous to their being 
 taken before Sir Thomas for his fiat. .S 1 . 
 
 In 1510, Henry VIII. gave the manor of Fulbrook 
 to Thomas Lucy, sewer to the King, to hold during 
 pleasure. John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, next 
 received it from the Crown in 1547, and upon his 
 attainder as chief delinquent in the Lady Jane Grey's 
 affair, Queen Mary, in 1553, granted it to her Privy 
 Councillor, Sir Francis Englefield, to hold in capite. 
 In 1586 he was attainted and convicted of high
 
 NOTES. 119 
 
 treason, and his possessions forfeited, but the pro- 
 ceeds were not appropriated by the Queen. On his 
 death at Valladolid, in 1592, Fulbrook, having 
 previously reverted to the Crown by his attainder, 
 was re-granted, but this time in fee simple, to 
 Nicholas Faunt, Clerk of the Signet, with remainder 
 to Margaret, widow of John Englefield, the brother 
 of Sir Francis. Sir Francis Englefield, son of this 
 Margaret, sold the estate to the third Sir Thomas 
 Lucy, of Charlecote, in 1615, for ,1,850, as is shewn 
 by the original deeds still extant. It is thus seen 
 that from 1553 to 1592 Fulbrook Park was held in 
 capite of the Crown by Sir Francis Englefield, that 
 he was attainted and his property sequestered up to 
 1592, it therefore follows, that Sir Thomas Lucy had 
 no property in Fulbrook at this time ; nor, indeed 
 had the Lucy family any right in the estate until the 
 year before Shakespeare's death. 
 
 For further information respecting the deer-stealing 
 tradition we would refer our readers to a pamphlet 
 written in 1862, by the late Charles Holte Brace- 
 bridge, entitled "Shakespeare no Deerstealer," and 
 to a letter by Mr. Edward J. L. Scott, MSS. 
 Department, British Museum, contributed to the 
 Athenatim, June 6th, 1896. Ed. 
 
 (24) The sequel of this song is thus supplied by John 
 Jordan, the poetic wheelwright of Stratford, to whom
 
 120 NOTES. 
 
 Malone gave implicit and extraordinary credence 
 
 He's a haughty, proud, insolent knight of the shire, 
 
 At home nobody loves, yet there's many him feare. 
 
 If Lucy is Lowsie as some volke miscall it 
 
 Synge Lowsie Lucy whatever befall it. 
 
 To the Sessions he went and dyd sorely complain 
 
 His parke had been rob'd, and his deer they were slain. 
 
 This Lucy is Lowsie as some volke miscall it 
 
 Synge Lowsie Lucy whatever befall it. 
 
 He sayd 'twas a ryot his men had been beat, 
 
 His venson was stole and clandestinely eat. 
 
 Soe Lucy is Lowsie as some volke miscall it 
 
 Synge Lowsie Lucy whatever befall it. 
 
 Soe haughty was he when the fact was confess'd 
 
 He said 'twas a crime that could not be redress'd 
 
 Soe Lucy* is Lowsie as some volke miscall it 
 
 Synge Lowsie Lucy whatever befall it. 
 
 Though Lucies a dozen he wears on his coat 
 
 His name it shall Lowsie for Lucy be wrote. 
 
 For Lucy is Lowsie as some volke miscall it 
 
 Synge Lowsie Lucy whatever befall it. 
 
 If a juvenile frolic he cannot forgive 
 
 We'll sing Lowsie Lucy as long as we live. 
 
 And Lucy the Lowsie a libel may call it, 
 
 We'll sing Lowsie Lucy whatever befall it. S. 
 
 Jordan professed to have discovered the above in an 
 old chest at Shottery. Ed.
 
 NOTES. 121 
 
 (25) Drayton, in "The thirteenth Song" of his Poly- 
 olbion, thus charmingly enables this vale to describe 
 her beauties and extent 
 
 " from where my head I couch 
 
 A Cotswold's countries foot, till with my heeles I touch 
 The North-hamptonian fields, and fatning Pastures; 
 
 where 
 I rauish euery eye with my inticing cheere. 
 
 For showing of my bounds, if men may rightly ghesse, 
 By my continued forme which best doth me expresse, 
 On either of my sides and by the rising grounds, 
 Which in one fashion hold, as my most certaine Mounds 
 In length neere thirtie miles I am discern'd to bee." 
 
 Ed. 
 
 (26) The path was across a portion of the present park, 
 which extends from the Lodge gates to what is known 
 as Old Town on the left and the highway on the 
 right ; an addition made some forty years ago. 
 Originally the park consisted of 210 acres, but at the 
 present time about 250 acres, well stocked with herds 
 of fallow and red deer. Ed. 
 
 (27) Fine oaks and elms were, no doubt, thickly growing 
 by the side of the path Irving took, but the only 
 avenue, near his course, was the oldest portion of 
 the present one, which consists of ancient and beau- 
 tiful lime trees. Ed.
 
 122 NOTES. 
 
 (28) This was the statue of Diana on a pedestal. It was 
 removed some few years ago. Ed. 
 
 (29) The great gateway was built from a design by John 
 of Padua, and is a magnificent example of an Eliza- 
 bethan gatehouse. Ed. 
 
 (30) The position of this lateral portal has been altered 
 since Irving's time owing to that end of the house 
 having been added to and remodelled in 1833. Ed. 
 
 (31) This is doubtless the one still existing in the present 
 little hall, and would, in Irving's day, be near the 
 "lateral portal." Ed. 
 
 (32) The illustration given on p. 85 is probably the only 
 sketch of the hall, showing the gallery and organ, in 
 existence ; it is at least the only one known to the 
 editors. Ed. 
 
 (33) The organ has been transferred to the new Church 
 of Hampton Lucy, a noble structure, built in the 
 purest imitation of the florid style of King Henry VII. 
 
 . and forming a noble memorial of the taste and liber- 
 ality of the Lucy family, as well as the most imposing 
 feature of the rich surrounding landscape. The hall, 
 however, has been compensated for its musical loss, 
 by the acquisition of the splendid Mosaic table, which 
 formerly graced Mr. Beckford's seat at Fonthill, and 
 for which, with a few other costly articles of virtu, 
 which now decorate this apartment, the present pro- 
 prietor paid upwards of ^"2,000. 5".
 
 NOTES. 123 
 
 Hampton Lucy Church was rebuilt between the years 
 1822-26, and in 1858 an apse and porch, from 
 designs by Sir Gilbert Scott, were added. Ed, 
 
 (34) The beauty of Charles the Second's time, who gam- 
 bled, was ' ' one of the Lucy family " only by marriage. 
 She was Katherine Wheatley, wife of Thomas Lucy 
 (1678-1684), and after his death married a Duke of 
 Northumberland. Moreover, her picture is by Sir 
 Godfrey Kneller, not by Sir Peter Lely. Ed. 
 
 (35) The picture alluded to is of the family of the grand- 
 son of the " vindictive knight." A very fine 
 miniature portrait of this grandson, painted on copper 
 by the celebrated Isaac Oliver, also hangs in the hall 
 at Charlecote. He is portrayed with a " cane- 
 coloured beard." A copy of the portrait is in 
 Shakespeare's Birthplace Library. Ed. 
 
 (36) The butler Russell, and the housekeeper 
 
 Vyse, have since united their means in a 
 
 malting establishment in the adjoining parish of 
 Wellesbourne, and married. S. 
 The butler's name was William Russell and the 
 housekeeper's Mary Vyze. They were married by 
 licence in Charlecote Church May 8th, 1828.^. 

 
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 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACIUTY 
 
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