THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND 
 MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID 
 
 
 Ife 
 
 
MODERN DOGS. 
 THE TERRIERS 
 
A 
 
 HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MODEEN DOG-S 
 
 OF 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 
 
 (THE TERRIERS.) 
 
 BY 
 
 RAWDON B. vk EE . 
 
 KENNEL EDITOR OF "THE FIELD," AUTHOR OF THE HISTORIES OF 
 " THE FOX TERRIER," " THE COLLIE," ETC. 
 
 THE ILLUSTRATIONS BY 
 ARTHUR WARDLE AND R. H. MOORE. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 HORACE COX, 
 
 "FIELD "OFFICE, WINDSOR HOUSE, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, E.G. 
 
 1894. 
 
LONDON : 
 PRINTED BY HORACE COX, WINDSOR HOUSE, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, E.G. 
 
734 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 THIS, I believe, is the first occasion upon which a 
 volume has been published dealing entirely with the 
 Terriers. Of late years these little dogs have come 
 very much to the front, and, if no new varieties have 
 recently been established, many of the older ones 
 are much more popular at the present time than 
 has previously been the case since the first history 
 of the canine race was written. 
 
 As in my preceding volumes, the illustrations must 
 be taken as typical of what they represent, and not 
 as portraits, although the drawings are from living 
 specimens, or from the best photographs of such 
 to be obtained. With the exception of the Bull 
 Terriers, which are from a drawing by R. H. Moore, 
 the whole of the illustrations are from the pencil 
 of Arthur Wardle, who has done so well for me on 
 
vi Preface. 
 
 previous occasions. Included are groups of terriers 
 of a variety, or varieties, which are at present not 
 recognised as quite distinct, though possibly they 
 may be so in the near future. The one group 
 represents the " Border Terrier" a dog used in 
 Northumberland and on the Borders in conjunction 
 with hounds, and for other purposes. The other 
 group includes an extraordinary type of short -legged 
 wire-haired Fox Terrier, which Mr. W. H. B. Cowley 
 is taking pains to perpetuate in Hertfordshire ; a 
 specimen of the Sealy Ham Terrier, of which some- 
 thing has already been written ; and of an old- 
 fashioned terrier once common in many parts of 
 England. 
 
 In describing the Terriers in all their varieties, I 
 have endeavoured to give particulars as to their 
 working qualifications and their general character, 
 as well as their so-called " show points ; " and my 
 desire to prevent a useful race of dog from 
 degenerating into a ladies' pet and a pampered 
 creature, only able to earn his owner gold on the 
 show bench, is my reason for treating so fully of 
 him as he is concerned in that sphere which Nature 
 intended him to occupy. 
 
Preface. vii 
 
 The specialist clubs are recognised, and their 
 descriptions are printed at length ; and to give 
 uniformity to my work I have compiled scales of 
 points where the clubs have failed to do so, although 
 I do not believe figures are of the slightest use in 
 arriving at the excellence, or otherwise, of any 
 dog. 
 
 The assistance received from various friends, who 
 are authorities in their own especial line, has been 
 considerable, and to them I am, in a great measure, 
 indebted for much useful information to be found in 
 the following chapters. I thank them accordingly, 
 and, as some slight return for their kindness, dedicate 
 to them this book on the Terriers. 
 
 RAWDON B. LEE. 
 
 Brixton, March, 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 THE TERRIERS . 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 THE BULL TERRIER 23 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 THE ENGLISH WHITE TERRIER 53 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 THE BLACK AND TAN TERRIER 69 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 THE Fox TERRIER 91 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 THE WIRE-HAIRED Fox TERRIER 133 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 THE AIREDALE TERRIER 157 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 THE BEDLINGTON TERRIER 173 
 
 VOL. III. b 
 
Contents. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 THE IRISH TERRIER 195 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 THE WELSH TERRIER . . . 231 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 THE SCOTTISH TERRIER 245 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 THE DANDIE DINMONT TERRIER 269 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 THE SKYE TERRIER . 301 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 THE CLYDESDALE OR PAISLEY TERRIER .... 327 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 YORKSHIRE AND OTHER TOY TERRIERS .... 339 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 OTHER TERRIERS 361 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 Fox TERRIERS AND IRISH TERRIER , Frontispiece. 
 
 BULL TERRIERS Facing page 23 
 
 ENGLISH WHITE TERRIERS 53 
 
 BLACK AND TAN TERRIERS .... 69 
 
 SMOOTH Fox TERRIERS . . ... 91 
 
 WIRE-HAIRED Fox TERRIERS .... 133 
 
 AIREDALE TERRIERS ....... 157 
 
 BEDLINGTON TERRIERS ...... 173 
 
 IRISH TERRIERS. ........ 195 
 
 WELSH TERRIERS ........ 231 
 
 SCOTTISH TERRIERS . 245 
 
 DANDIE DINMONT TERRIERS .... ,, 269 
 
 SKYE TERRIERS 301 
 
 CLYDESDALE OR PAISLEY TERRIERS . 327 
 
 YORKSHIRE AND OTHER TOY TERRIERS 339 
 
 OTHER WORKING TERRIERS .... 361 
 
 BORDER TERRIERS . . . . . . . 397 
 
rf <Srot IJritok 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 THE TERRIERS. 
 
 MANY of the varieties of the terrier we possess at 
 the present time, and which as a group are doubt- 
 less the most popular of the canine race, are of 
 quite modern origin, although no doubt there was 
 a dog of similar appearance to the terrier co- 
 existent with the original dog, whatever the latter 
 may have been. 
 
 Our earliest writers on the subject have acknow- 
 ledged the terrier, an animal so named because 
 it was occasionally employed underground in the 
 earth, to force the fox, badger, and otter from 
 their lairs, and it has been said to have been 
 used for the purpose of driving rabbits from their 
 burrows, in the manner ferrets do at the present 
 time. The bolting of rabbits is, no doubt, a fable, 
 and, although we now have terriers more diminutive 
 
 B 
 
Modern Dogs. 
 
 than any that were kept three or four centuries ago, 
 they are not sufficiently small to do the work of a 
 ferret or of a mongoose. 
 
 The original terrier was used as an assistant to 
 hounds and to destroy the rats and weasels and 
 foulmarts which infested the country, when it was 
 less highly cultivated than is the case at present. 
 One of the earliest representations of the terrier 
 is given in Strutt's " Sports and Pastimes," an 
 engraving from a fourteenth century MS., which 
 represents a dog, assisted by three men with 
 spades, engaged in unearthing a fox. The colour 
 of the dog is not ascertainable, nor can I make 
 sure that it has been underground, for the fox is 
 only in part out of the hole, and the terrier is 
 springing on to his prey from a little rising ground 
 immediately behind. Possibly a second terrier is 
 out of sight in the earth. Two of the hunters 
 are in the act of digging, whilst the third is 
 vigorously blowing a horn. It may be interesting 
 to state that in the original engraving this terrier 
 possesses a long, narrow head, not unlike that of 
 the greyhound in shape, his tail is long and uncut, 
 he is smooth-coated, and has erect ears. Elaine 
 in his " Rural Sports" reproduces the picture, and, 
 with a liberty that is quite inexcusable, converts 
 the terrier into a wire-haired or long-coated one, 
 
The Terriers. 
 
 white in colour, and with a dark patch over one 
 eye. He also attempts to make the original 
 manuscript of greater antiquity than is actually 
 the case, by describing the picture as " Saxons 
 bolting a fox." 
 
 I have no doubt this terrier record the learned 
 Strutt has given us is the oldest upon which any 
 reliance can be placed, so far as this country is 
 concerned. Some may say that the dog given is 
 not a terrier, but I believe it is intended to repre- 
 sent such a terrier as might be the common dog 
 at that time. It is little bigger than the fox 
 upon which it would like to seize, and the general 
 surroundings of the quaint picture are altogether 
 in favour of my supposition. 
 
 Later than this, Dr. Caius, at the instigation 
 of Gesner, wrote the book on " English Dogs," 
 which, being translated from the Latin, was in 
 1576 published, this being the first book in 
 English concerning dogs. Of the terrier, Dr. 
 Caius says there is one " which hunteth the 
 Fox and the Badger or Greye onely, whom we 
 call Terrars, because they (after the manner and 
 custome of ferrets in searching for Connyes) creep 
 into the grounde, and by that meanes make 
 afrayde, nyppe and bite the Foxe and the Badger 
 in such sorte that eyther they teare them in pieces 
 
 B 2 
 
Modern Dogs. 
 
 with theyr teeth, beyng in the bosome of the earth, 
 or else hayle and pull them perforce out of theyr 
 lurking angles, darke dongeons, and close caues ; 
 or at the least through cocened feare drive them 
 out of theire hollow harbours, in so much that 
 they are compelled to prepare speedie flyte, and, 
 being desirous of the next (albeit not the safest) 
 refuge, are otherwise taken and intrapped with 
 snayres and nettes layde over holes to the same 
 purpose. But these be the least in that kynde 
 called Sagax." Here, though quaintly written, 
 is a description of the use a fox terrier ought to 
 be put to at the present day, although setting nets 
 before a fox earth would scarcely be called legiti- 
 mate sport in the nineteenth century. Still, if a 
 net is not used for foxes, its equivalent a sack 
 is often enough, even now, found useful when the 
 " badger or graye " be sought. 
 
 What Gervase Markham wrote about terriers 
 early in 1600 is not of much account, for, however 
 learned that great man might be, he was after all a 
 mere bookmaker, as the numerous works he wrote 
 plainly testify. Not satisfied with giving us elegant 
 disquisitions on hunting, archery, and other sports, 
 he wrote and filled volume after volume on military 
 tactics, housewifery, heraldry, &c., and wound up 
 by composing poems, and posing as a dramatist. 
 
The Terriers. 
 
 Nicholas Cox's well-known book, " The Gentle- 
 man's Recreation," published in 1677, gives us 
 less information about terriers than one would 
 have expected. He describes them as of two 
 sorts one with legs more or less crooked, with 
 short coats ; the others, straighter on their legs, 
 and with long jackets. Possibly the first-named 
 were the ordinary turnspits, or, may be, some bold 
 breeder of the Dandie Dinmont will lay claim to 
 them as the original progenitors of that variety of 
 vermin terrier. Anyhow, whatever these crooked- 
 legged dogs were, the long-coated ones " with 
 shaggy hair," like water spaniels, were said to be 
 the best workers, because they could both chase 
 their game above ground and drive it from the 
 earths, as occasion required. Other authors have 
 followed much in the same strain ; indeed, the 
 general description of the terrier about this time 
 appears to have been copied by one writer after 
 another without acknowledgment, and without 
 taking any trouble to ascertain the truth of the 
 original statement. Master Cox, especially, seems 
 to have been a great offender in this respect not 
 only where he deals with dogs, but where he treats 
 of the fishes likewise. 
 
 The writer who suggested that terriers could be 
 bred from a cross between a "mongrel mastiff and 
 
Modern Dogs. 
 
 a beagle " was Blome, who, following the example 
 of Cox, some years after the latter's publication 
 viz., in 1686 rendered himself famous by the 
 appearance of his " The Gentleman's Recreation. " 
 Whether a man who would suggest the production 
 of suitable terriers by the above cross was the 
 proper person to deal with sport and dogs from a 
 practical point of view is surely to be doubted. 
 He bore but a sorry character in his lifetime, for 
 it was said he " was esteemed as a most impudent 
 person ; . . .he gets a livelihood by bold 
 practices . . . originally a ruler of books and 
 paper, who had since practised for divers years 
 progging tricks, in employing necessitious persons 
 to write in several arts." 
 
 Blome's description may, however, be interesting 
 to the curious, so here it is. " The terrier is a very 
 small dog, used for hunting the fox and the badger, 
 his business being to go into the earths and bay 
 them that is, to keep them in an angle (a fox's 
 earth having divers) whilst they are dug out, for by 
 their baying or barking is known whereabouts the 
 fox is, that he may be the better dug out. And 
 for this use the terrier is very serviceable, being of an 
 admirable scent to find out. A couple of terriers are 
 commonly used, in order that a fresh one may be put 
 in to relieve that which first went under ground." 
 
The Terriers. 
 
 There is nothing wrong in the above, nor is 
 there in the following extract from the same author : 
 " Everybody that is a fox hunter is of opinion that 
 he hath a good breed, and some will say that the 
 terrier is a peculiar species of itself. I shall not 
 say anything to the affirmative or negative of the 
 point." Blome concludes by writing that the cross 
 already mentioned " generally proves good ; the 
 result thereof hath courage and a thick skin as 
 participating of the cur, and is mouthed for the 
 beagle." 
 
 Whatever was the case during the seventeenth 
 century, there is no doubt that now the " terrier 
 is a peculiar species of itself," careful and judicious 
 selection during a series of generations having 
 made it as much so as any other quadruped we 
 possess. 
 
 In the " Compleate Sportsman" (1718), Jacobs 
 mentions two sorts of terriers, which he describes 
 pretty much as Nicholas Cox had done before him, 
 so a repetition thereof need not be made here. In 
 fact, with the country overrun as it was in those 
 days, with four-footed vermin of all kinds, which 
 destroyed the poultry and played sad havoc with 
 the flocks, dogs of one kind or another to keep 
 down the marauders were simply a necessity ; and 
 a terrier small enough to drag the fox from his 
 
8 Modern Dogs. 
 
 earth, or kill him therein, was found the most 
 useful for the purpose. So long as he could do 
 this, appearance and colour were not much taken 
 into consideration. 
 
 About 1760, Daniel, in his " Field Sports," goes 
 a little out of the beaten track in writing on the 
 terriers of his day, and his description must be 
 taken as a correct one, made from the animals 
 themselves, of which it has been said that the author 
 kept a considerable number. " There are two sorts 
 of terriers, " said he, " the one rough, short-legged, 
 long-backed, very strong, and most commonly of a 
 black or yellowish colour, mixed with white ; the 
 other is smooth - haired and beautifully formed, 
 having a shorter body and more sprightly appear- 
 ance, is generally of a reddish-brown colour, or 
 black with tanned legs. Both these sorts are the 
 determined foe of all the vermin kind, and in their 
 encounters with the badger very frequently meet 
 with severe treatment, which they sustain with great 
 courage, and a thoroughbred, well-trained terrier, 
 often proves more than a match for his opponent." 
 
 Perhaps, as a matter of completeness, before 
 dealing, as it were, collectively with the authorities, 
 and the various sporting publications which saw 
 the light during the first fifteen years of the 
 present century, attention may specially be given 
 
The Terriers. 
 
 to the " Cynographia Britannica," written by 
 Sydenham Edwards, and published in 1800. He 
 describes our terriers more fully than previous 
 writers, but much in the same strain. His note 
 about the so-called " Tumbler " is specially in- 
 teresting and valuable. 
 
 After giving us the origin of the name of the 
 dog, Edwards proceeds to say, " That from the 
 evidence of Ossian's poems, the terrier appears to 
 have been an original native of this island. 
 Linnaeus says it was introduced upon the continent 
 so late as the reign of Frederick I. (this would be 
 towards the end of the seventeenth century). It is 
 doubtless the Vertagris or Tumbler of Raii and 
 others. Raii says it used stratagem in taking its 
 prey, some say tumbling and playing until it came 
 near enough to seize. This supposed quality, so 
 natural to the cat race, when applied to the dog 
 I consider a mere fable ; but it has led to a strange 
 error later writers having, from Raii's description, 
 concluded a dog of valuable and extraordinary 
 properties was entirely lost. 
 
 " The most distinct varieties are the crooked- 
 legged and straight-legged ; their colours generally 
 black, with tanned legs and muzzles, a spot of the 
 same colour over each eye ; though they are some- 
 times reddish fallow or white and pied. The white 
 
io Modern Dogs. 
 
 kind have been in request of late years. The 
 ears are short, some erect, others pendulous ; these 
 and part of the tail are usually cut of! ; some rough 
 and some smooth-haired. Many sportsmen prefer 
 the wire-haired, supposing them to be the harder 
 biters, but this is not always the case. . . . , 
 The terrier is querulous, fretful, and irascible, high 
 spirited and alert when brought into action ; if he 
 has not unsubdued perseverance like the bulldog, 
 he has rapidity of attack, managed with art and 
 sustained with spirit ; it is not what he will bear, 
 but what he will inflict. His action protects him- 
 self, and his bite carries death to his opponents ; 
 he dashes into the hole of the fox, drives him from 
 his recesses, or tears him to pieces in his strong- 
 hold ; and he forces the reluctant, stubborn badger 
 into light. As his courage is great, so is his 
 genius extensive ; he will trace with the foxhounds, 
 hunt with the beagle, find for the greyhound, or 
 beat with the spaniel. Of wild cats, martens, pole- 
 cats, weasels, and rats, he is the vigilant and 
 determined enemy ; he drives the otter from the 
 rocky clefts on the banks of the rivers, nor declines 
 the combat in a new element." 
 
 As he was known then and a couple of centuries 
 earlier, the reader must not expect to find shapely, 
 handsomely marked animals like the varieties of 
 
The Terriers. 1 1 
 
 the present day. Possibly any little dog that 
 " Caius, the profound clerk and ravenous devourer 
 of learning," had running at his heels was black 
 or brown coloured, long-bodied, on short legs, the 
 latter may be more or less crooked ; and, if he were 
 produced by a cross between " the mongrel mastiff 
 and the beagle," his weight might be nearer 4olb. 
 than i5lb., the latter no doubt the most useful 
 size for underground purposes. 
 
 Some old pictures of terriers dating back 300 
 years illustrate cross-bred looking creatures, some of 
 them bearing more or less the distinctive charac- 
 teristic of the turnspit. Others show a consider- 
 able trace of hound blood, but not one, so far as 
 the writer has come across, is hound marked, or 
 bears any more white than is usually found on the 
 chest or feet of any dog. 
 
 The Earl of Monteith over 200 years ago had 
 an excellent strain of terriers, good at vermin of all 
 kinds, but especially useful as fox killers. It has 
 been said that James I. possessed some of these 
 little dogs. That this sometimes called (c most 
 unkingly of monarchs " kept hounds is a matter of 
 history, but whether he worked the terriers to assist 
 them we are not told. Long before James's time, 
 dogs had been found useful in conjunction with 
 nets for the purpose of catching foxes, also to kill 
 
12 Modern Dogs. 
 
 them as vermin. The wardrobe accounts of 
 Edward I. show the following entries : " Anno 1299 
 and 1300. Paid to William de Foxhunte, the 
 King's huntsman of foxes in divers forests and 
 parks for his own wages, and the wages of his two 
 boys to take care of the dogs, ^9 35." " Paid to 
 the same for the keep of twelve dogs belonging 
 to the King," &c. " Paid to the same for the 
 expense of a horse to carry the nets." 
 
 However, perhaps more to the purpose than this 
 extract is the copy of an old engraving which lies 
 before me at the present time, entitled " James I. 
 Hawking." Fawning at the feet of the monarch 
 are four dogs, evidently terriers, though some 
 persons might consider them beagles. They are 
 certainly terrier-shaped in heads and sterns, though 
 the dog most distinctly shown is hound marked, 
 and possesses larger ears than the others. One 
 in the corner, evidently almost or quite white, 
 possesses what at the present time would be called 
 a " well-shaped, terrier-like head," and, although 
 one ear is carried rather wide from the skull, the 
 other drops nicely. 
 
 With the commencement of the present century 
 and towards the close of the last one, more was 
 written about terriers, and, as useful little dogs, they 
 were gradually becoming appreciated. Beckford 
 
The Terriers. 13 
 
 alludes to black or white terriers, and from these 
 two varieties white ones with black marks could 
 easily be produced. The same author mentions 
 a strain of terriers so like a fox in colour that 
 " awkward people frequently mistake the one for the 
 other." 
 
 Between the years 1800 and 1815, an unusually 
 large number of sporting books and works on 
 hunting and dogs were published, all of which 
 dealt more or less with terriers. " The Sporting 
 Dictionary," 1803, says, " Terriers of even the 
 best blood are now bred of all colours red, black 
 with tan faces, flanks, feet, and legs ; brindled, 
 sandy, some few brown pied, white pied, and pure 
 white ; as well as one sort of each colour rough 
 and wire-haired, the other soft and smooth ; and, 
 what is rather more extraordinary, the latter not 
 much deficient in courage to the former, but the 
 rough breed must be acknowledged the most 
 severe and invincible biter of the two. . . . Four 
 and five guineas is no great price for a handsome 
 and well-bred terrier." 
 
 Here we have a description of the terrier very 
 much as he still remains. There are the red or 
 fawn in colour, which may be represented to-day 
 by the Irish variety; the black with tan faces of 
 the so-called Welsh terrier, or the black and tan 
 
14 Modern Dogs. 
 
 terrier; and the white, and white and pied of the 
 ordinary fox terrier." 
 
 In Bingley's " Memoir of British Quadrupeds " 
 (1809), two terriers are beautifully etched by 
 Howitt. The copy in my library has coloured 
 plates, and one of them delineates two terriers, one 
 of which, with a rather heavy coat, is apparently 
 dark blue and tan in hue, with semi-erect ears and 
 an uncut tail. The other dog is smooth-coated, 
 with erect ears, black and tan in colour, and each 
 would be about 2olb. in weight. In his description 
 Bingley says, " The terrier is a fierce, keen, and 
 hardy animal . . . some are rough and others 
 .smooth-haired ; are generally reddish brown or 
 black, of a long form, short-legged and strongly 
 bristled about the muzzle." 
 
 Daniel, in his " Rural Sports" (1801), does not 
 tell us anything particularly new about the terrier, 
 nor does he attempt to throw any light upon its 
 origin, but the " Sportsman's Cabinet," published 
 two years later, gives an engraving from a picture 
 by Reinagle, of these terriers, two of which are 
 more or less white and patched, the other darker 
 in colour, with a white collar and white on his 
 muzzle, their ears are erect, their coats fairly dense 
 or hard, and they are engaged at a fox-earth, or 
 something of the kind. These terriers of Reinagle's 
 
The Terriers. 15 
 
 were a noted strain in their day, and fetched from 
 one pound to twenty pounds apiece. They were 
 undoubtedly fox terriers. 
 
 The Dandie Dinmont terrier does not appear to 
 have been noticed by our writers about this time, 
 but that it is one of the old varieties of terriers, 
 I believe, and, although it did not receive its dis- 
 tinctive name until about 1814, when Sir Walter 
 Scott published " Guy Mannering," similar dogs 
 were no doubt fairly numerous on the Border long 
 before that time. 
 
 Between 1830 and 1840, writers tell us of the 
 Scotch terrier and the smooth - haired English 
 terrier, a contributor to the " Sportsman " (1833), 
 and Brown, in his " Field Book" (the same date), 
 giving the palm to the Scotch terrier as the finest 
 and oldest variety. In the first-named publication, 
 there is an engraving, said to be of a Scotch terrier, 
 which, so far as shape, style, and character are 
 concerned, would make a very good cropped Irish 
 terrier of the present day. However, about this 
 period and earlier, different localities were producing 
 different kinds of terriers, and we now hear for the 
 first time of one which answers the description of 
 the modern black and tan or Manchester terrier. 
 
 The first writer to give any reliable particulars 
 as to many of the now increasing varieties of the 
 
1 6 Modern Dogs. 
 
 terrier was " Stonehenge," who, in 1855, published 
 his " British Rural Sports." In the early edition 
 of that valuable work, he mentions bull-terriers, 
 smooth English terriers, both white and black and 
 tan ; a Skye terrier, a Dandie Dinmont, a rough- 
 haired terrier, and a toy terrier, and at the same 
 time conveys the impression that there are other 
 varieties, as there no doubt were, of less general 
 interest and importance. How the varieties have 
 increased, or at any rate how they have been 
 defined and distinguished, since that time is in 
 evidence wherever we turn, and, forming an opinion 
 from what has taken place during the past ten 
 years, there may be more so-called varieties of the 
 terrier yet to come. 
 
 Since "Stonehenge's " " Dogs of the British Isles" 
 was first published in 1867, which included the 
 same varieties he had given eight years earlier in 
 his " Rural Sports," great strides have been made 
 in the improvement and classification of our 
 terriers, and the volumes of the Stud Book of the 
 Kennel Club contain varieties which, by careful 
 selection, no doubt originally came from one stock, 
 with the additions of various crosses. Our newest 
 strains have become popularised, and as it were 
 individualised, including the Welsh terrier, the 
 Airedale terrier, the Clydesdale or Paisley terrier, 
 
The Terriers. 17 
 
 and perhaps the Scotch and Irish terriers (though 
 I fancy that both these varieties are actually much 
 older as such than they are usually given credit 
 for) ; whilst the bull-terriers, Bedlington terriers, 
 Skye terriers, fox terriers (rough and smooth), black 
 and tan terriers, white English terriers (including 
 English and other smooth-haired terriers), broken 
 haired Scotch and Yorkshire terriers, with the toy 
 terriers, rough and smooth, had places given them 
 in the first volume of the " Kennel Club Stud Book," 
 published in 1874. 
 
 It is, perhaps, interesting to state that the first 
 two dog shows held, which took place in 1859, at 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne and in Birmingham, did not 
 offer prizes for terriers ; but at the latter show the 
 following year classes were provided for black and 
 tan terriers, white and other English terriers, Scotch 
 terriers (both winners being Skye terriers) and for 
 toy terriers (the four classes having twenty-three 
 entries, seven of which were "toys"), ten Scottish 
 (Skyes), four white English and two black and tan 
 terriers. Now, thirty years later, we can hold a 
 show of terriers that will produce over a thousand 
 entries, and at an exhibition at the Agricultural 
 Hall, Islington, in February, 1893, there were 162 
 classes provided for terriers, and they contained 
 something like 880 competitors. Such figures as 
 
 c 
 
1 8 Modern Dogs. 
 
 these prove the extraordinary popularity terriers 
 have attained during the present generation, and, 
 whilst years ago a ten-pound note was considered 
 a high price for one of the best of them, ten times 
 that sum and even more, will be given for a perfect 
 specimen at the present day. As I write this, 
 ^300 has just been given for a fox terrier called 
 Despoiler, which by the greatest stretch of imagina- 
 tion could not be considered of greater quality than 
 second class. No doubt the appearance of the 
 terrier all round has generally improved, though 
 whether this is at the expense of his ability to work 
 and do the work for which nature originally intended 
 him is an open question. 
 
 Perhaps a word or two as to the shapes and 
 sizes of our modern terriers may not be amiss. In 
 size they vary greatly, for, whilst a " toy " may 
 perhaps not scale more than 4lb. to 5lb. in weight, 
 an " Airedale " is not out of place if he scales 
 45lb. to Solb., and there are terriers of every 
 weight between the two. Perhaps some time the 
 weight of the terrier may be restricted to 2olb. 
 at most. This is, however, not likely to be the case, 
 for few of the varieties are now required to go 
 underground after the fox, or badger, or otter, a 
 majority of them being used for purely fancy pur- 
 poses, as companions and house-dogs, or as casual 
 
The Terriers. 19 
 
 assistants in the shooting field. As a matter of fact, 
 those best adapted for hard work either with fox- 
 hounds or otterhounds are cross-bred, hardy dogs, 
 specially trained for the purpose, although many 
 of the " pedigree " animals will do similar duty to 
 the best of their ability, but their " pedigree " and 
 no doubt inbreeding to a certain extent, has made 
 them constitutionally and generally weaker than 
 their less blue-blooded cousins. 
 
 " Some terriers have long bodies and short legs," 
 says an old writer, and so they have at the present 
 time. Dr. Walsh (" Stonehenge ") ascribed those 
 long-bodied, crooked-legged terriers to the fact of a 
 cross with the dachshund. Personally, I consider 
 that this deformity and crooked fore legs are a 
 great deformity, and one that should not be allowed 
 in any terrier, Scottish, Dandie Dinmont, or Skye, 
 any more than it is allowed in an Irish terrier or a 
 fox terrier arises from the dogs having been bred for 
 length of body. This long, unnaturally long, body, 
 heavy too, has gradually forced down the legs until 
 they have become bandy or crooked through sheer 
 weakness -an " inherited deformity" that some 
 breeders have come to look upon as the correct 
 thing. All these unduly long-bodied terriers have 
 more or less " crook " on their fore legs, like unto 
 those of the basset and dachshund. These hounds 
 
 C 2 
 
20 Modern Dogs. 
 
 would be better with straight legs, so would the 
 terriers. The Dandie Dinmont is, perhaps, the most 
 crooked legged of any of our terriers ; he is not an 
 active dog, and is little use for work in a " stone 
 wall country," nor is his " crook " the slightest 
 advantage in any way. I fancy breeders are now 
 trying to produce them with legs as straight as 
 possible, and this can be done if length of body 
 is to an extent sacrificed. The prototype of the 
 original Dandie Dinmont was a more active and 
 useful animal than is the case with our modern 
 specimens. 
 
 The Scottish terrier is another crooked legged 
 dog, but his admirers have already seen that he is 
 more active and comely on straight fore legs ; and in 
 due course we shall see as few Scottish terriers 
 winning whose legs are crooked as we do fox terriers 
 and black and tans with a similar deformity ; and I 
 repeat emphatically that no terrier should have 
 crooked fore legs. I have had them, Dandie Dinmonts 
 and Scottish ones too, Skye terriers likewise ; but, 
 game and well trained as they were, they were of 
 little use with hounds. They could not keep up with 
 those with which we used to hunt the otter, much 
 less with the fleeter foxhound ; and again, in an earth 
 amongst the rocks and crevices, a short-legged, 
 heavily-bodied terrier might get down a shelf up 
 
The Terriers. 21 
 
 which he could not possibly return, and many and 
 many a time have the Dandie Dinmonts had to be 
 lifted through the fences over which a straight- 
 legged dog could scramble. 
 
 In addition to the usual varieties as they are 
 commonly known, named, and recognised in the 
 Stud Books, I have appended a chapter on what 
 may be called actually working terriers ; such 
 animals as have been kept in certain districts and 
 by certain families as the best for the purposes for 
 which they were originally produced. Such dogs 
 have survived for their work alone, for their hardi- 
 hood and gameness, and will no doubt continue so 
 to do to the end. Perhaps there may be so-called 
 varieties of these rough-coated, hardy terriers not 
 mentioned by me ; but, of course, I cannot do more 
 than allude to such as I have seen, and with which I 
 have been personally acquainted. 
 
 The " Border terriers," as I have stated, have 
 been for a long time indigenous to the Border 
 counties, and extending even so far south as West- 
 moreland, Lancashire, and Yorkshire. In some 
 localities their noses have, as it were, been put out 
 of joint by " new breeds," which are probably 
 smarter in appearance, and more taking to the eye. 
 The Sealy Ham terriers have had a reputation in 
 certain districts in Wales for over half a century. 
 
22 Modern Dogs. 
 
 A more modern strain to which I have drawn atten- 
 tion is the extremely varmint-looking, short-legged, 
 wire-haired terrier, which Mr. Cowley (in Hertford- 
 shire) has taken and is still taking such pains to 
 cultivate, and I believe that these three varieties 
 if you like are, for working purposes, equal to any- 
 thing that can be obtained at the time I write. 
 Whether they are handsome will be seen from the 
 illustrations. 
 
 The terrier is a charming dog as a companion, 
 and if he is nicely brought up and trained, even the 
 bull terrier, which has obtained a reputation as a 
 fighting dog, will be found as faithful, cleanly, and 
 quiet as the long-coated, diminutive Yorkshire terrier; 
 indeed, if anyone requires a good house dog, he 
 will not go astray if he procures a terrier any of 
 the several varieties which I have endeavoured to 
 describe in the following chapters. 
 
s ^ 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 THE BULL TERRIER. 
 
 OUR modern bull terrier is a very different creature 
 from what he was half a century ago, and I 
 know there are some old " dog fanciers " who 
 prefer the brindled and white and fawn or fallow 
 smut dogs, that were so often kept in our grand- 
 fathers' days, to the " milk-white " animals now seen 
 on our show benches. 
 
 There is little or no doubt that the original bull 
 terrier was a cross between an ordinary kind of 
 terrier and the bull dog, and some of the largest 
 specimens had a touch of the mastiff thrown in. He 
 had been bred for fighting or for killing rats, and, 
 long before the era of canine exhibitions, some of 
 the rougher so-called sporting men in London and 
 in the Midlands, of which Birmingham may be 
 taken as the metropolis, had strains of more or less 
 celebrity. The dogs that fought with Wombwell's 
 lions at Warwick in 1825 were large bull terriers, 
 and not bull dogs, as stated in the journals of that 
 
24 Modern Dogs. 
 
 day, and the fighting dogs of that time and now (for 
 this brutal sport is still followed in many places) 
 were and are bull terriers. 
 
 The old-fashioned dog was a much more cumbrous 
 brute than finds favour at the present time, and 
 his colour varied. For instance, James Ward 
 painted one in 1808 that was evidently black and 
 tan, with white on him, a favourite dog of his own, 
 and of a strain highly valued for its courage. This 
 dog had its ears closely cropped, in order, of course, 
 that they might not be in the way of an opponent's 
 teeth when fighting. A little later Marshall painted 
 another bull terrier, black, white, and tan, a dog 
 which the great foxhound authority, Squire Meynell, 
 pronounced to be from one of the best strains he 
 ever knew. 
 
 The back numbers of the Sporting Magazine 
 contain many representations of the bull terrier, 
 and it is stated that Lord Camelford paid 84 guineas 
 for such a dog, which he later on presented to Jem 
 Belcher, " the Sullivan of those days," for it was 
 but meet that the champion fighting biped should 
 own the champion fighting quadruped. This dog 
 was a fawn or fallow specimen, with legs more or 
 less bowed or crooked, and he was no doubt about 
 equally bred between a bull dog and a coarse terrier. 
 
 About this time a dog between 3olb. and 4olb. 
 
The Bull Terrier. 25 
 
 was most in favour, few or none of them were 
 altogether white, and brindled or fallow markings of 
 different degrees of darkness on a white ground 
 were commonest.. At the same time there were 
 smaller bull terriers, and these latter were usually 
 used in the rat pit, where their owner's pride lay 
 in an ability to kill a certain number of big rats 
 (we never hear of little rats) within a stipulated 
 time. I think I am quite correct in calling 
 Jemmy Shaw's (London) extraordinary little rat-killer 
 Jacko, a bull terrier, perhaps one fourth bull. This 
 historical creature died in 1869, and amongst 
 other deeds he succeeded in killing sixti rats in 
 2min. 4osec. ; 100 rats in 5min. 28sec. ; and 1000 
 rats in less than loomin. ! winning altogether some 
 200 matches in different parts of the country. 
 These extraordinary feats were performed in 1862-63, 
 and are supposed to be the best on record. Jacko 
 was black and tan in colour, with a little white on 
 his chest, and he weighed i3lb. Again there were 
 even smaller dogs than he, which were kept more 
 for fancy and as pets still bull terriers, but, for the 
 most part, white in colour. 
 
 The popularity of the bull terrier was established 
 fairly enough, and before the era of the fashionable 
 and comely fox terrier, he was no doubt the dog 
 of his day. He could be obtained of any weight 
 
26 Modern Dogs. 
 
 ranging between 4lb. and 55lb., and, although in 
 some places he had a reputation for pugnacity, this 
 was more due to his surroundings than otherwise, 
 though those dogs trained to fight in the ring were 
 as savage as savage could be. The typical dog of 
 Bill Sykes, the typical burglar-ruffian, was a bull 
 terrier, a thick heavy-headed creature, with bandy 
 legs, a patch on his eye, and one or two on his body. 
 " William " did not like him all white ; a pure 
 dog in colour and reputation would be out of 
 place in such company, and, perhaps for this reason, 
 the more respectable and peaceable member of 
 society, with a fondness for a " game terrier," 
 preferred the entirely white dog ; hence its popu- 
 larity, and possibly the reason why only such came 
 to be looked upon as the genuine article. Still 
 there were others which obtained a better education 
 than the pugilist could give, and they were useful as 
 companions and as watch dogs. 
 
 I fancy that most of us at one time or another 
 have owned a bull terrier. The undergraduates at 
 Oxford and Cambridge were fond of him, and at one 
 time it formed as much a part of their equipment as a 
 " top hat " does at the present day. One of the first 
 dogs I ever possessed was a bull terrier, a fawn dog 
 with a black muzzle, and about 3olb. in weight. He 
 was a really good-looking dog, though he cost but 
 
The Bull Terrier. 27 
 
 half a crown when a month old, purchased from a 
 sporting barber in a country town, whose reputation 
 for dogs was as high as that he possessed as a 
 shaver. 
 
 The puppy was christened " Sam," for a long 
 time he was my constant companion, and became 
 an adept at hunting rats by the riverside, a capital 
 rabbiter, and as good a retriever as most dogs. He 
 would perform sundry tricks, find money hidden 
 away, and could be sent back a mile for anything a 
 glove, a stick that had been left behind. He would 
 take part in a game at cricket, and fielded the ball 
 so expeditiously that on more than one occasion 
 Sam and I played single wicket matches against a 
 couple of opponents, and as a rule came out success- 
 fully. Altogether this was a kind of dog that could 
 not be obtained now, but on his father's side he 
 came of a fighting stock, and as he grew older he 
 developed a love for a (< turn-up " with any passing 
 canines, which caused me to part with him. He was 
 the death of about a couple of dogs, but otherwise 
 he was the gentlest of the gentle ; our cat kittened in 
 his kennel, and with one little shaggy dog be- 
 longing to a friend he struck up a great friendship. 
 Prince, this cross-bred creature's name, was one day 
 turned over and worried by a bully of a sheepdog. In 
 canine language he came and told the story of his 
 
28 Modern Dogs. 
 
 woe to Sam. The two set out together, and on our 
 cricket field came across the bully ; Prince and Sam 
 went up to him, the latter, with his tail held stiff and 
 looking savage, seized the sheepdog by the throat, 
 threw him over by a fair buttock in the Cumberland 
 and Westmoreland style of wrestling, then, turning 
 his back on his fallen foe, raised one of his hind legs, 
 and, after treating him in the most disdainful manner 
 possible, trotted off with his little friend. 
 
 Poor Sam ! I even now think of him with regret. 
 We had to part, and he was sent to Manchester to 
 do duty as guard in a warehouse and shop. But 
 the smoky Cottonopolis he did not like, nor the con- 
 finement ; instead of snarling and barking at the 
 tramps, he "canoodled" with them and made friends 
 as a watch-dog he was useless. Perhaps he pined 
 for Prince and the cricket, field, for the riverside 
 and the country walks. He died of a broken heart, 
 for he did not like the large town's ways. 
 
 This was nearly thirty years ago, and friends of 
 mine still tell me " You never had another dog like 
 Sam," or u Sam was the best dog you ever had." 
 I knew another bull terrier about this period that 
 would jump into the water off the highest bridge 
 that could be found, and, as a set off would put out 
 the flame of a blazing newspaper, or crush a red- 
 hot cinder in his mouth surely an apt pupil of the 
 
The Bull Terrier. 29 
 
 " asbestos man," and of the " professor " who 
 dives into a tank from the top of the Westminster 
 Aquarium. But such dogs as these were not show 
 dogs, and, no doubt, shows really made the bull 
 terrier as he is to-day, and caused the almost total 
 extinction of any other bull terrier excepting the 
 white ones. Why white was eventually fixed upon 
 as the correct colour I have already surmised, and 
 as a rule modern specimens breed pretty truly to this 
 hue, though cases of a coloured mark on the eye or 
 on the ear crop up in nearly every litter. Usually 
 such dogs were destroyed at their birth, as being un- 
 fitted for success on the bench, though an instance 
 will be mentioned later on where a so-called patched 
 dog did a considerable amount of winning. 
 
 To the late Mr. James Hinks, of Birmingham, a 
 noted dog-dealer, who died in 1878, we, in a great 
 measure, owe our present strain of bull terriers. 
 Somehow or other he contrived to get together a 
 strain of white dogs, specimens of which he ex- 
 hibited with great success at some of the earliest 
 shows, but the very earliest canine exhibitions did 
 not provide classes for bull terriers. 
 
 It was early in the fifties that James Hinks began 
 to cross the patched, heavy-headed bull terrier, used 
 for fighting, with the English white terrier, and in due 
 time he produced dogs handsome enough to make a 
 
30 Modern Dogs. 
 
 name for themselves, and able to revolutionise the 
 variety. Some of the old " doggy men " said this 
 new breed were soft and could not fight. " Can't 
 they?" said Hinks, when talking to a lot of his 
 London friends at the Holborn Horse Repository dog 
 show in May, 1862. " I think they can." " Well," 
 said one of the London school, " let's make a 
 match." Hinks, nothing loth, did make a match, 
 and backed his bitch Puss that day she had won 
 first prize in her class for ^5 and a case of 
 champagne, against one of the short-faced patched 
 dogs similar in weight. The fight came off the 
 same evening at Bill Tupper's well-known rendezvous 
 in Long Acre. It took Puss half-an-hour to kill her 
 opponent, and so little the worse was she for her 
 encounter that she appeared on the bench next 
 morning, a few marks on her cheeks and muzzle 
 being the only signs of the determined combat in 
 which she had been the principal over night. When 
 accounts of this became bruited abroad, although 
 it was not generally believed, the popularity of the 
 11 long faced " dog was established. This, however, 
 is somewhat of a digression. 
 
 Birmingham in 1864 followed the example of the 
 London committee in providing a class for bull 
 terriers, and it had an excellent entry of twenty-eight. 
 Here Hinks won first prize with Madman, and 
 
The Bull Terrier. 31 
 
 second with Puss, positions which the same dogs 
 had occupied at Ashburnham Hall, Chelsea, a few 
 months earlier. However, at the latter place the 
 class had been divided for dogs over lolb. in weight, 
 and for dogs under lolb. in weight, and a some- 
 what similar arrangement as to size came to be 
 generally adopted a little later on. 
 
 Thus early we find considerable confusion with 
 regard to these bull terriers, solely from the per- 
 sistence with which their owners stuck to the names 
 of " Madman " and " Puss." Already several bearing 
 both names were shown, and won prizes too, and, 
 although they came to be entered in the first volume 
 of the " Kennel Club Stud Book," no reliance can be 
 placed upon many of the pedigrees published therein. 
 Mr. Joe Walker showed a Puss in 1864, so did 
 Mr. Hinks, and the Stud Book, published in 1874, 
 contains no fewer than twelve bull terriers called 
 " Madman," many of which, I have no doubt, were 
 one and the same animal ; and the same volume 
 contains five bitches named " Puss." To separate 
 one from the other, and to verify all the pedigrees, 
 which, as I have said, in many cases were extremely 
 doubtful, would be impossible now. 
 
 The dog Madman (2739), which once belonged- to 
 the writer, was of a strain distinct from that found in 
 Birmingham, being by a very good old dog of Mr. 
 
32 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Joe Walker's called Crib, from Mr. James Roocroft's 
 Puss. Both these breeders also had white English 
 terriers, with which they had, I fancy, at some time 
 or other crossed the Hink's strain of bull terriers, 
 producing a very nice style of dog, not so heavy 
 and massive as those from the Black Country. This 
 dog Madman was a handsome and companionable 
 creature, and as good a swimmer as ever entered 
 the water. Bull terriers are often good water dogs, 
 and I remember the late Mr. Tom Pickett, of New- 
 castle, telling me of a bull terrier that he had, I think 
 it was Wallace, a prize winner, which won a swim- 
 ming match in the Tyne. 
 
 Still, dealing with the doubt that clings to the 
 early bull terriers' pedigrees, to further complicate 
 matters the name " Victor " became a fashionable 
 one, and, including a " Young Victor," six such 
 appeared in the first Stud Book, and there are an 
 equal number called " Rebel." We must, however, 
 presume there was but one real " Madman," and 
 that belonged to Hinks ; Dr. Walsh illustrated 
 him in the " Dogs of the British Isles," and he, like 
 all contemporary writers, speaks highly of the sagacity 
 of the bull terrier, and of his adaptability as a com- 
 panion. He alludes to rough or wire-haired bull 
 terriers, which are, however, of no account, nor 
 ever were; and there is no doubt that the modern 
 
The Bull Terrier. 33 
 
 strain is in a great measure due to the animals that 
 sprang from the midland counties, and some few 
 that were bred in the big towns of Lancashire. 
 
 The " Madmans," " Pusses," " Victors," and 
 "Rebels" were for the most part large dogs, and 
 for general excellence would compare most favour- 
 ably with the best specimens seen to-day. I re- 
 member some of them very well indeed, as a fact the 
 best of the above at one time or another belonged 
 to personal friends of mine. Were I asked to 
 name the best large-sized bull terrier I ever saw, I 
 should undoubtedly plump for Young Puss, first 
 shown by Mr. G. Smith, jun., of Manchester, who at 
 one time had the strongest team of bull terriers in the 
 country, and later by Mr. W. G. Rawes, Kendal. 
 She was a beautiful bitch in every way, about 4olb. 
 in weight ; one, indeed, with which we could find no 
 fault. She had dark hazel eyes, almond shaped, 
 and not round, a level mouth (which some of our 
 more modern winners have not), and was as hand- 
 some a dog as anyone need desire to possess. 
 Born in 1869, she was contemporary with other 
 good specimens, including Victor old Victor, first 
 belonging to Mr. J. H. Ryder, next to Mr. G. Smith, 
 jun., and afterwards sold to Mr. Cleasby Chorley, 
 of Kendal, with whom he died. Victor was found 
 smothered in his box at the Crystal Palace show in 
 
 D 
 
34 Modern Dogs. 
 
 June, 1872, and it was the writer who first opened 
 that box and discovered the fatality. 
 
 As there are some who consider this dog the best 
 bull terrier that ever lived, a line or two may be 
 given him. Victor, who, for a wonder, had no 
 pedigree provided, was a 45lb. dog, with a big 
 head, rather bigger and coarser than I liked thus 
 I preferred Young Puss to him a perfectly shaped 
 body, nice dark eyes, good neck and shoulders, 
 and remarkably straight fore legs ; in the latter 
 respect, and at the shoulders, he beat any bull 
 terrier I ever saw. He had a well shaped and 
 well carried stern, which was, however, rather 
 coarse. When Mr. Chorley first bought Victor he 
 was a bad-tempered, evil-disposed dog, but in this 
 respect he improved much whether this arose 
 from the taste for " good ale," which he soon 
 developed, I can scarcely say, but Victor did like 
 ale, and not only would he drink a quart of the 
 beverage, but become intoxicated, and next day 
 evidently ailing with that aching head said to follow 
 a night's debauch, " a glass of bitter" would set 
 the old dog right again. 
 
 Following him as a celebrity, came " patched 
 Victor," a white dog with a fawn or brown patch on 
 one ear, a big dog of undoubted excellence, but 
 when the " patch " did not put him out of the prize 
 
The Bull Terrier. 35 
 
 list some sensation was caused. Whatever truth 
 there might have been in the story that was 
 bandied about relating to this dog, the writer can- 
 not state ; but it was said when he won his earlier 
 prize or prizes he was the property of one of the 
 judges who placed him third in priority, and who 
 afterwards sold him for a large sum. As the parties 
 to the transaction have been dead many years, there 
 can be no harm in alluding to what was common 
 report at that time, especially as it gives some little 
 idea of what could occur at dog shows before the 
 Kennel Club had become " so great a power in the 
 land." 
 
 Another notable bull terrier of the same date was 
 Rebel (2770), and this dog had likewise belonged 
 to Mr. Smith, jun., and sold by him to Mr. W. H. 
 Akerigg, who turned him over to Mr. Leonard 
 Pilkington, now one of our most popular greyhound 
 coursers. Although Rebel had on occasions beaten 
 Young Puss, to whom he was said to be brother, he 
 was only a second-rate dog alongside her, and 
 inferior to both the Victors already named. 
 
 I have mentioned these dogs at considerable 
 length because I believe they were as good as, if not 
 superior to, anything we have at the present time, 
 and when they were in their prime the classes of 
 bull terrier were better filled than is the case now. 
 
 D 2 
 
36 Modern Dogs. 
 
 I have said the first class at Birmingham had 
 twenty-eight entries ; I recollect at one of the 
 Scottish shows (Edinburgh, 1871), there were about 
 thirty-five competitors in the bull terrier classes, and 
 scarcely a bad one in the lot. Now ten or a dozen 
 in a class is considered a first-rate entry, and at 
 Birmingham in 1893, with ten classes and thirty- 
 seven competitors, the group was considered to be 
 an unusually strong one. 
 
 So far I have only alluded to the large-sized bull 
 terriers, and what there is to say about the smaller 
 ones is yet to come. After this dog had become 
 fairly well established in the schedules of the 
 shows, the classes came to be sub-divided again, 
 and for many years the classification at Bir- 
 mingham was for dogs and bitches exceeding 
 1 5lb. and below that weight. The competition 
 therein was usually keen, and at this time the names 
 of Mr. S. E. Shirley (the present chairman of the 
 Kennel Club), of Mr. J. H. Ryder, Mr. C. L. Boyce, 
 Mr. J. F. Godfree, Mr. S. Handley, Pendleton, a 
 noted judge, as well as those already mentioned, 
 appeared in the prize lists, and I should say the 
 bull terrier was never so fashionable or had so 
 many admirers as he had, say, between 1868 to 
 1874. Still he did not bring much money, and 
 from 12 to ^25 would have purchased any of the 
 
The Bull Terrier. 37 
 
 leading dogs of that day, with the exception of the 
 " patched Victor." 
 
 Later on, whether bull terriers actually became 
 more valuable, or money was more plentiful, one 
 cannot say, but bigger prices came to be paid for 
 comparatively inferior dogs. One called Tarquin, 
 a ferocious beast, did a considerable amount of 
 winning, and he was one of the high priced division. 
 Then some sort of a longing was apparent for 
 the reintroduction of the patched or marked dogs. 
 Thus classes for bull terriers other than white were 
 provided at one or two of our leading shows, but the 
 specimens shown were not sufficiently handsome to 
 cause the public to fall in love with them. So their 
 continuance was ephemeral, especially as it was very 
 difficult to breed them to type. Lately the very 
 best other than white bull terriers I have seen was 
 one called Como II. belonging to Mr. E. H. 
 Adcock. This was a brindled dog of pretty shape, 
 but heavier and shorter in the head than the modern 
 white dog. I believe that Mr. Adcock's endeavours 
 to perpetuate the strain have not proved successful. 
 
 Following the death of James Hinks, of Birming- 
 ham, his two sons continued to show their partiality 
 for their father's favourite dogs, and from their 
 kennels many of the modern prize winners have 
 come. For a considerable period Mr. R. J. Hartley, 
 
38 Modern Dogs. 
 
 of Altrincham, had a very excellent kennel. His 
 Magnet and Violet, so long as they lasted, monopo- 
 lised most of the prizes on the show bench, and both 
 were undoubtedly very handsome specimens of their 
 race, as was Mr. A. George's Mistress of the Robes, 
 a daughter of Mr. J. Hinks's old Dutch, who had 
 proved himself almost phenomenal as a sire. The 
 11 Stud Book " says Dutch was by old Victor 
 Champion Countess. Mr. R. J. Hartley, who bred 
 Dutch, tells me that his dam was by Young 
 Gambler from old Daisy, but which Victor sired 
 Dutch is a matter of uncertainty. It was certainly 
 not the old Victor alluded to on a previous page as 
 being found dead in his box in 1872. Dutch, in the 
 1884 <( Stud Book," was said to be about six years 
 old at that time, so his pedigree is doubtful. 
 
 With extended classification at shows, and 
 further alterations therein in the matter of weight, 
 the latter probably brought about by the scarcity of 
 the small-sized bull terrier, good specimens went 
 into more hands. The weights now are arranged 
 as dogs and bitches exceeding 3olb., dogs and 
 bitches between 2olb. and 3olb., and dogs and 
 bitches under 2olb. Thus there is little or no 
 inducement to produce those excellent little dogs of 
 not more than i61b. in weight, for such would have 
 little chance of being successful against an equally 
 

 The Bull Terrier. 39 
 
 good specimen half as heavy again. That there is 
 material for re-popularising the breed I am quite 
 certain, and at the last Birmingham show, in 
 November, 1893, several very nice little dogs were 
 shown, at least their character and style were nice, 
 but their crooked fore legs and wide shoulders kept 
 them out of the prize list. Still, the material 
 remains to be improved upon. 
 
 Messrs. Lea, of Birmingham, have lately shown 
 some good bull terriers ; so has Mr. S. Fielding, of 
 Trentham; whilst Mr. F. North, of Streatham, has 
 been particularly successful, and his Streatham 
 Monarch, which was sold to America for about 80, 
 was certainly one of the best bull terriers of the last 
 year or two. Mr. G. Blair's White Queen (Edin- 
 burgh), was likewise another of our very best bull 
 terriers; indeed, I consider these two quite equal to 
 anything we have had since Mr. Hartley's brace, 
 already mentioned. Grand Prior, who has won 
 many prizes, is not deserving of a high place of 
 excellence, solely on account of the fact that his 
 mouth is not level, and for this reason Mr. S. E. 
 Shirley put him out of the prize list at one of the 
 Bath shows. Another celebrated bull terrier whose 
 mouth was not quite level was Mr. Hartley's 
 Magnet. I fancy that, in what I should call the 
 palmy days of bull terriers, a dog with such a 
 
40 Modern Dogs. 
 
 malformation would never have been shown, or, at 
 any rate, he would never have attained that high 
 position which Grand Prior appears to have done. 
 
 Other modern large-sized bull terriers of more 
 than ordinary excellence have been Messrs. C. and 
 P. Lea's Greenhill Wonder and Faultless ; Mr. T. F. 
 Gibson's Sherbourne King ; Mr. G. H. Marshall's 
 Boston Wonder; Mr. J. W. Gibson's Bellerby 
 Queen ; Mr. J. R. Pratt's Greenhill Surprise ; Mr. 
 F. Bateson's Lord Gully, Perseverance, and Le 
 Rose ; Mr. R. J. Hartley's Hanover Daisy ; and 
 this list might be considerably extended, though I 
 have probably mentioned the best bull terriers up to 
 date. 
 
 Three years ago, the late Jesse Oswell, of Bir- 
 mingham a prize-fighter by profession, but a 
 gentleman in nature had some good dogs, nor 
 must the names of Mr. F. Hinks, Birmingham ; Mr. 
 J. S. Diggle, Chorlton-upon-Medlock ; Mr. James 
 Chatwin, Edgbaston ; Messrs. Mariott and Green, 
 Gloucester; Mr. J. Rickards, Birmingham; Mr. 
 J. H. Ryder, Manchester; Mr. W. J. Pegg, 
 Woodcote, Epsom ; Mr. Firmstone, Stourbridge ; 
 and Mr. C. L. Boyce, be forgotten, as the owners 
 and breeders of choice specimens of this variety. 
 In London, Mr. A. George, a son of the great Bill 
 George, has given much attention to the breeding 
 
The Bull Terrier. 41 
 
 and exhibition of bull terriers, and between him and 
 Mr. F. Hinks, of Birmingham, must be divided the 
 honour attending the reputation of being the largest 
 dealers in bull terriers in this country. 
 
 I have already casually alluded to what must be 
 considered the small variety of bull terriers, such 
 dogs as are under i61b. weight, and not animals 
 of 25lb. weight starved down until they can be 
 shown in the class restricted to animals not more 
 than 2olb. In our early days of dog shows these 
 little bull terriers were common, and remarkably 
 popular. Now a really good specimen is not 
 to be found, nor will there be any inducement to 
 reproduce such a dog unless the present weight 
 arrangement in dog show classification is changed. 
 
 Those who can carry their recollection of bull 
 terriers back for twenty or twenty-five years, no 
 doubt remember such dogs as Dick, Nelson, little 
 Rebel, Triton, Jenny, Kit, Riot, and others shown 
 by Mr. S. E. Shirley ; and Mr. Addington's Billy, 
 Mr. J. Willock's Billy, Mr. J. F. Godfree's Napper, 
 Mr. S. Lang's Rattler (a lolb. dog), and Mr. J. 
 Hinks' s Daisy. These were all bull terriers under 
 i61b. in weight, shapely, well-made, smart, and so 
 far as I can learn, and know from my own ex- 
 perience, were as game and hardy as any terrier 
 ever bred. Somehow or other they came to 
 
42 Modem Dogs. 
 
 languish ; the classes provided for them did not fill, 
 and with the result that now stares us in the face, 
 the little bull terrier is no more at least, he is no 
 more in that perfection of form we saw him on the 
 benches in Birmingham and in London, when Mr. 
 Shirley's gallant little dog Nelson ruled the roast. 
 
 In 1866 there were twenty entries of bull terriers 
 under lolb. weight at the London show, and at 
 Laycock's Dairy Yard three years later there were 
 thirty-two bull terriers under I5lb. weight against 
 nineteen over that size. Then the former had two 
 classes provided, the latter one class. Now things 
 are reversed, nor can I agree that the fittest survive. 
 Most of these terriers came from the Midlands, 
 Birmingham being responsible for the best of them. 
 Nelson was so bred ; but another good one of Mr. 
 Shirley's, Dick, had some strains of London blood 
 in him. Unfortunately the pedigrees of these early- 
 date little bull terriers were no more reliable than 
 are those of their larger cousins, and I fancy that 
 they were bred so in and in that they became 
 difficult to rear, and so degenerated. They were 
 never toys, like the small black and tan terriers, and 
 even when crossed with the white English terrier, 
 then more numerous than he is to-day, they 
 maintained their distinguishing character as well as 
 could be expected under the circumstances. 
 
The Bull Terrier. 43 
 
 It was always to be much regretted that Mr. 
 Shirley did not endeavour, more than actually was 
 the case, to continue the variety ; and had he done 
 so there is no reason to doubt that the Ettington 
 Park Kennels might now be as noted for " little bull 
 terriers " as they are for wavy-coated retrievers. 
 Could such dogs as Nelson and Dick be produced 
 to-day, I should not be at all afraid of a return to 
 popularity of such a handsome strain. Messrs. J. F. 
 Godfrey, Hinks, J. Watts, Harry Nightingale, J. 
 Whillock, and E. Bailey, all of Birmingham or the 
 neighbourhood, from time to time had excellent bull 
 terriers under i61b. in weight, and in their days 
 they brought quite as much money as the larger 
 variety 
 
 At one or two of our London shows an attempt 
 was made, similar to what was done with regard to 
 bull terriers other than white, to resuscitate the 
 little dogs by providing classes for them. The 
 result was, however, a failure, and the one or two 
 competitors were either bandy legged little creatures 
 or indifferent specimens of the English white terrier. 
 So we must take it that for the present the bull 
 terrier under islb. weight is lost, and that the 
 illustration on another page is actually out of place 
 in a book supposed to be given over to the descrip- 
 tion of modern dogs. We live in times of change 
 
44 Modern Dogs. 
 
 and fashion, and maybe another generation may 
 find the restoration of this dog and of the old- 
 fashioned brindled and white, or fallow smut bull 
 terriers of which our " old men " are so fond of 
 talking. 
 
 There is no doubt that the bull terrier, be he either 
 big or little, has not reached that height of popu- 
 larity his merits might deserve, by reason of the 
 obnoxious custom of cropping his ears. This 
 cruelty was originally perpetrated in order that when 
 fighting the ears would not afford hold for an 
 opponent's teeth. Then the aural appendages were 
 cut right off. Now the operation is a much more 
 artistic piece of work, and the ears are so cut as to 
 stand straight up almost to a point, with an inward 
 curve, rather than an outward one, which is said to give 
 the animal a smarter and more aristocratic appear- 
 ance. It may do so or not, and I cannot deny that 
 a modern bull terrier with his ears on does look, to 
 say the least, dowdy and coarse alongside one that 
 is properly cropped. This, however, arises from the 
 fact that the bull terrier has been bred with ears 
 that will crop the best thick at the roots, and just 
 such ears that hang badly and look inelegant on 
 the dog that carries them. It would not take many 
 generations to produce bull terriers with nice drop 
 ears, as has been the case with the Irish terrier, 
 
The Bull Terrier. 45 
 
 which would not require cropping. I have heard it 
 urged that bull terriers never had such good " drop " 
 ears as were sometimes to be found on the original 
 Irish terrier, and that unsuccessful attempts have 
 already been made to breed them with drop ears 
 that would look well uncropped. However, be 
 that as it may, I am afraid that we are a long way 
 off such a desirable change, and the ordinary " bull 
 terrier breeder " is not yet educated up to that 
 point attained by the admirers of Irish terriers ; 
 at any rate, education or otherwise, the cropped 
 bull terrier has not yet had his day. I need 
 scarcely say here that cropping a terrier is illegal, 
 and prosecutions for cruelty to animals under such 
 circumstances have been successful. 
 
 This mutilation is usually done when the animal 
 is from seven to ten months old. It is a troublesome 
 performance, requiring considerable skill and nerve. 
 It is customary in many cases to have the dog under 
 chloroform when it is being performed upon, and 
 one operator has an ingenious contrivance' to which 
 he fastens the patient with straps. Even when the 
 actual cutting is finished the trouble is not ended, 
 for the ears have to be fastened up, and daily 
 manipulated until they grow into the correct position. 
 Prior to showing bull terriers it is the custom to cut 
 their whiskers, which is again said to smarten their 
 
46 Modern Dogs. 
 
 appearance, and the short superfluous hair which 
 grows on the cropped ears is carefully shaved off on 
 the eve of the show. Then it is not unusual to singe 
 the tail in order that it may appear smoother and 
 neater than nature originally made it ; and, in fact, a 
 bull terrier is rather a difficult dog to trim and get 
 ready for exhibition, in order that he may appear to 
 the best advantage before the judge. 
 
 A few years ago I attended a country exhibition in 
 the North, where there was an excellent class of 
 bull terriers, which the judge had weeded out until 
 only three or four remained. He was about handing 
 the first prize ribbon to a well-known exhibitor, who 
 had charge of a certain dog, which was being shown 
 on a tight chain. Unfortunately the handler inad- 
 vertently slackened the chain for a moment, the dog 
 shook itself, and a perfect cloud of white powder 
 flew from his jacket. The judge smiled, the spec- 
 tators tittered, and the handler, looking foolish, with- 
 out more ado took his dog out of the ring. Chinese 
 clay was much used on white dogs to hide any 
 yellowness or redness that might appear on the 
 skin, and perhaps also to hide a fawn or brindled 
 mark. 
 
 Of course, a dog, even with such an amount of 
 popularity as the bull terrier, could not go long 
 without a club being formed for its improvement, 
 
The Bull Terrier. 47 
 
 and this came to pass in 1887. The following is a 
 description of the bull terrier as adopted by the 
 Club :- 
 
 " General Appearance. The general appearance 
 of the bull terrier is that of a symmetrical animal, 
 and embodiment of agility, grace, elegance, and 
 determination. 
 
 " Head. The head should be long, flat, and wide 
 between the ears, tapering to the nose, without cheek 
 muscles. There should be a slight indentation down 
 the face, without ' a stop ' between the eyes. The 
 jaws should be long and very powerful, with a large 
 black nose and open nostrils. Eyes small and very 
 black, almond shape preferred. The lips should 
 meet as tightly as possible, without a fold. The 
 teeth should be regular in shape, and should meet 
 exactly ; any deviation, such as a ' pig jaw,' or being 
 ' under-hung/ is a great fault. 
 
 " Ear-. The ears are always cropped for the 
 show bench, and should be done scientifically and 
 according to fashion. 
 
 " Neck. The neck should be long and slightly 
 arched, nicely set into the shoulders, tapering to the 
 head without any loose skin, as found in the bulldog. 
 
 "Shoulders. The shoulders should be strong, 
 muscular, and slanting ; the chest wide and deep, 
 with ribs well rounded. 
 
48 Modern Dogs. 
 
 <( Back. The back short and muscular, but not 
 out of proportion to the general contour of the 
 animal. 
 
 " Legs. The fore legs should be perfectly straight, 
 with well-developed muscles ; not ' out at shoulder/ 
 but set on the racing lines, and very strong at the 
 pastern joints. The hind legs are long and, in pro- 
 portion to the fore legs, muscular, with good, strong, 
 straight hocks, well let down near the ground. 
 
 " Feet. The feet more resemble those of a cat 
 than a hare. 
 
 " Colour. Should be white. 
 
 " Coat. Short, close, and stiff to the touch, with 
 a fine gloss. 
 
 " Tail. The tail should be short in proportion to 
 the size of the dog, set on very low down, thick 
 where it joins the body, and tapering to a fine point. 
 It should be carried at an angle of about 45 deg. 
 without curl, and never over the back. 
 
 " Weight. From islb. to solb." 
 
 As a matter of fact, I do not think very much of 
 the above description, because of its meagreness and 
 incompleteness, and I am almost afraid that when 
 it was drawn up sundry dogs that had not totally 
 black noses and were somewhat uneven in mouth 
 were occasionally winning prizes. " Over-shot" or 
 " under-shot " mouths, that is where the upper teeth 
 
The Bull Terrier. 49 
 
 extend over the lower ones, or the lower teeth pro- 
 trude in front of the upper ones, should be absolute 
 disqualification. This was the creed upon which we 
 were brought up so far as all terriers are concerned, 
 and in bull terriers not the slightest blemish in this 
 particular should be allowed. 
 
 The club evidently acknowledges ears cut 
 " scientifically and according to fashion." A bull 
 terrier may have either a small drop ear like a fox 
 terrier; or a semi-erect ear, i.e., one that drops down 
 in front at the tips ; or a rose ear, one thrown back, is 
 allowable. However, I am not writing this article 
 as a criticism on the work of the Bull Terrier Club, 
 an acknowledged body of responsible admirers of 
 the variety, who ought to know what they are doing. 
 Perhaps on some other occasion they may improve 
 and modify their code, and be a little more explicit 
 as to what disqualifications are, and how far a 
 " patched dog " is handicapped. At the time of 
 writing this there are marked dogs winning prizes 
 on the bench. I also think they might have said 
 something as to the fawn and fallow and brindled 
 dogs, for such are quite as much bull terriers as 
 the white specimens, though they may not be so 
 fashionable. 
 
 The Club does not issue a scale of points, but for 
 the sake of uniformity, and because I do not wish to 
 
 E 
 
50 Modern Dogs. 
 
 insult the bull terrier by omitting to do to him what 
 I have done to other dogs, I give him the following 
 tabulation : 
 
 SCALE OF POINTS. 
 
 Value. 
 Head, including skull, 
 
 muzzle, lips, jaw, teeth 25 
 
 Eyes 10 
 
 Ears (badly cropped or 
 
 otherwise) 5 
 
 4 
 
 Value. 
 Neck and shoulders ... 15 
 
 Back 10 
 
 Legs and feet 15 
 
 Coat 10 
 
 Stern . 10 
 
 60 
 
 Grand Total, 100. 
 
 Colour, pure white for show purposes ; but for 
 ordinary purposes a patched dog, i.e., one with fawn 
 or brindled marks, need not be discarded, nor need 
 fawn or fallow or brindled dogs. The latter are 
 even hardier than the whites, which, whether on 
 account of their colour, or because they are cropped, 
 are often quite deaf. In buying a bull terrier always 
 take care that its sense of hearing is acute. A dog 
 that cannot hear until you pull its tail is no use. One 
 or two very high-class bull terriers in other respects 
 have been almost quite deaf. A notable instance 
 of this is to be found in the dog White Wonder, 
 originally sold as a " deaf dog" to a fancier in 
 America for So. Evidently not passing muster 
 there he came back to this country, and, shown by 
 
The Bull Terrier. 51 
 
 Mr. Pegg at Curzon Hall in 1893, was absolutely 
 disqualified by the judge, Mr. Hartley. 
 
 This disqualification caused a considerable amount 
 of sensation and unpleasantness at the time, and it 
 was sought to prove that the dog was not actually 
 totally deaf. Perhaps he was not what is called 
 " stone deaf," but he was about as " hard of 
 hearing " as a white fox terrier I once owned, of 
 which a friend wittily remarked, " it could hear 
 well enough when you rang its tail." Still White 
 Wonder was, in my opinion, sufficiently deaf to 
 justify the action of the judge in the matter. 
 
 A very dark hazel eye is desirable, and the small 
 pig-like eyes, with flesh-coloured eye-lids, are to be 
 guarded against. Cherry-coloured or flesh-coloured 
 noses, or parti-coloured noses, should likewise be a 
 severe handicap, if not actual disqualification. The 
 weights ought to be divided dogs and bitches 
 under i5lb. ; dogs and bitches under 3olb. ; and 
 dogs and bitches over 3olb. in weight. 
 
 Some bull terriers go up to 45lb., or even 5olb., in 
 weight, but such animals are in reality too big, and 
 as a rule when of such a size they lack symmetry, 
 and have more than an inclination to be coarse and 
 heavy in the head. It is one of the most difficult 
 points to achieve in breeding bull terriers, to have 
 them clean and pleasant in the muzzle, i.e., free 
 
 E 2 
 
52 Modern Dogs. 
 
 from anything approaching hanging lips or jowl. 
 Throatiness, too, must be guarded against ; indeed, a 
 perfect bull terrier should be as cleanly chiselled or 
 cut in the muzzle, mouth, and neck as a black and 
 tan terrier or as an English white terrier. 
 
 In the United States an attempt is being made, or 
 has perhaps in a degree succeeded, to introduce a 
 so-called new variety the Boston terrier Darned 
 after the " hub of the universe." This animal is, 
 from a description I have been given, and from 
 illustrations forwarded me, nothing more than a 
 very bad strain of the old-fashioned fighting bull 
 terrier, and I fancy has nothing to recommend him, 
 still it is being " boomed " in America, and at some 
 shows special classes are provided for him. As is 
 the case with our bull terrier, it is the fashion to 
 have his ears cut. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 THE ENGLISH WHITE TERRIER. 
 
 ON several occasions I have quoted the number of 
 entries in the " Kennel Club Stud Book" as indica- 
 tive of the rise or fall in popularity of the different 
 varieties of dogs to which they allude. These figures 
 must not always be taken as an actual and infallible 
 guide either one way or the other, for when the first 
 volume was published the registration of dogs was, 
 as it were, in its infancy. The general public knew 
 little about the thing, and only those intimately con- 
 nected with shows as exhibitors and breeders took the 
 trouble to have their dogs entered. This is not so 
 now, for pretty nearly everyone who has a dog of 
 good pedigree will have him entered in the " Stud 
 Book," whether it be shown or not. 
 
 However, so far as the little terrier whose name 
 heads this chapter is concerned, the inference may 
 be correctly drawn, for no one believes that this, the 
 most fragile and delicate of all our terriers, is so 
 common and easily to be found as he was a score of 
 
54 Modern Dogs. 
 
 years ago. In the first volume of the " Kennel 
 Club Stud Book," published in 1874, there are fifty- 
 four entries under the head " English and Other 
 Smooth-haired Terriers," which did not include black 
 and tans, and was, as a matter of fact, confined to 
 the English white terrier under notice. The second 
 volume contained only ten entries, but in 1893 
 there were twenty-seven registered, the section being 
 divided according to the sexes. Three years ago 
 some little impetus was given the variety by the 
 establishment of a club to look after its interests, 
 and judging from the excellent entry made at 
 Liverpool in 1894 this little club must be doing 
 some service. At this show there was certainly the 
 best collection of white terriers I have seen 
 brought together for many years. 
 
 Little or nothing is known of the early history of 
 the English white terrier ; where he originally sprang 
 from, who produced him, or for what reason he was 
 introduced, there is nothing to tell the searcher after 
 information on the matter. That he is, and has been 
 for thirty years or so, a variety of the dog in himself 
 there is no doubt. But, although he will kill rats, 
 and is fairly plucky in other respects, he is not a 
 sportsman's companion. He makes a nice house dog, 
 is smart and perky in his demeanour and conduct, 
 requires a considerable amount of cuddling and care, 
 
The English White Terrier. 55 
 
 and so in his early days he was a favourite with the 
 working man dog fancier of the large towns, who 
 showed him in the bar parlour, and believed him to 
 be the equal of any other dog in appearance. The 
 earliest illustrations of a terrier of this kind showed 
 him to be a white dog, with a coloured mark on his 
 body here and there ; and I should say that, until he 
 had been bred for some generations to produce him 
 pure white, there was seldom one born without 
 marks of some kind or other. Even now, dogs with 
 a coloured ear or a "patch " on some part of the 
 body or face are found in almost every litter. 
 
 The most perfect specimens of the variety have 
 sprung from London and its suburbs, from Manchester 
 and other large manufacturing towns of Lancashire, 
 including Bolton and Rochdale ; whilst others were 
 to be found in Birmingham and the Black Country. 
 At some of our early dog shows there were large 
 classes of the English white terrier, sometimes the 
 entries reaching quite a score ; but the quality was 
 not uniformly good, as a tan ear or dark mark might 
 have been observed; and some of the specimens were 
 shaped more like an Italian greyhound than as a 
 terrier. The London and Birmingham shows usually 
 had the best entries, but I have seen excellent quality 
 further north at Belle Vue and Middleton, near 
 Manchester, and at some of the more local Lan- 
 
56 Modern Dogs. 
 
 cashire and Yorkshire exhibitions. The large 
 London dog shows as far back as 1863-64, divided 
 these classes of white terriers, one being for dogs and 
 bitches under six or seven pounds weight, as the case 
 might be ; the other for dogs and bitches over that 
 standard. To instance the popularity the variety 
 held at that time, one exhibitor alone (Mr. F. White, 
 of Clapham) had eleven entries in the class restricted 
 to dogs under six pounds weight, and these were all 
 good specimens. Indeed, Mr. White appeared to be 
 a larger breeder of this variety of the English terrier 
 than anyone else, so much so that I once heard it 
 argued that it was called after him, and ought in 
 reality be known as "White's terrier," and not as 
 the white terrier. However, this would not suit 
 our friends in the north, who in reality, even at 
 that time, had equally good specimens that had 
 never seen Clapham Common. Mr. John Hoodless, 
 of Bayswater, showed some nice terriers between 
 1862 and 1866. 
 
 It has been surmised that the original English 
 white terrier had been a fox terrier crossed with a 
 white Italian greyhound (I never saw one), and 
 again with the small-sized bull terrier. On the 
 contrary, I believe that the small-sized bull terrier 
 was stopped on its road to popularity by a cross 
 with the variety under notice. If anyone will 
 
The English White Terrier. 57 
 
 take the trouble to wade through the early pedi- 
 grees he will find white terrier blood in many of our 
 leading little bull terriers. Possibly there came to 
 be bull terrier blood in the white terrier, and the 
 exhibitor was not always quite conscientious in his 
 ideas, and if from one of his bull terrier bitches he 
 produced an animal rather lighter in bone and longer 
 in head than usual he forthwith entered it as a 
 " white English terrier," and maybe won with it. 
 At the same time he might be taking prizes with a 
 brother or sister of the same animal in the class for 
 small bull terriers. For some years at any rate 
 until the epoch of the Kennel Club and its Stud 
 Book there was a considerable amount of jumble 
 in the pedigrees of both English white terriers and 
 bull terriers, as the many-registered Tim in the 
 former and Madman in the latter too plainly testify. 
 However, as far back as 1862-3 Mr. F. White, 
 already mentioned, showed at Islington and Cremorne 
 a team of very handsome dogs, quite terriers in their 
 way, with which he won all the prizes for which he 
 competed. The names of these dogs were Teddy, 
 Laddie, Jep, Fly, and Nettle ; but at the same time, 
 or at any rate two or three years later, Mr. J. Walker, 
 of Bolton, introduced a dog called Tim, which was 
 considered to be the best terrier of the variety up 
 to that time produced, nor do I think he has been 
 
58 Modern Dogs. 
 
 excelled since. This dog had been bred by a well- 
 known Lancashire lad in the " fancy line," Bill 
 Pearson, by him sold to Joe Walker, who in turn 
 sold him to Mr. James Roocroft, of Bolton, the 
 latter at that time owning a kennel of this variety of 
 terrier that was never excelled. Tim was an 
 exquisitely made dog, with the darkest of eyes and 
 perfect black nose ; he was lightly built, but well 
 ribbed up, and did not exhibit in appearance the 
 slightest trace of whippet or snap dog blood, with 
 which no doubt the variety had been considerably 
 crossed. This old Tim was not only good as a 
 puppy, but there was no better dog than he when 
 shown at the Free Trade Hall, Manchester, in 1873, 
 where, although at least eight years old, he won 
 third prize in an excellent class. Tim weighed 
 about I4lb., and I do not think we have had so good 
 a dog since, and most of the modern strain contain 
 some portion of his blood. 
 
 Another very good dog about this period was 
 Mr. W. Duggan's (Birmingham) Spider, who won 
 first prize at Birmingham four years in succession, 
 and I am inclined to think that Spider came a 
 good second to Tim. Later, Mr. P. Swindells, 
 Stockport; Mr. W. E. Royd, Rochdale; Mr. W. 
 Hodgson, Harpurhey ; Mr. J. S. Skidmore, Nant- 
 wich ; Mr. J. F. Godfree, Birmingham; Mr. J. Hinks, 
 
The English White Terrier. 59 
 
 Birmingham ; Mr. J. Littler, Birmingham ; Mr. P. 
 Morgan, London ; Mr. S. E. Shirley, and others 
 had some very good specimens, and Mr. E. T. 
 Dew's Fly (Weston-super-Mare) must not be 
 forgotten. Mr. Shirley's Purity, that won third prize 
 at the Crystal Palace in 1872, was by Tim out of a 
 bitch by the smart fourteen-pound bull terrier 
 Nelson, hence her name, a piece of sarcasm pointed 
 no doubt at the carelessness (?) of some dog 
 breeders as to how they crossed their various 
 strains. Other dogs that did a great deal of winning 
 in their day, about the " eighties," were Mr. J. 
 Martin's Joe, Gem, and Pink, animals rather more 
 of the whippet type in body though wonderfully 
 neat in head than some people liked. 
 
 I think when all is said and done that our best 
 and purest strain of this white terrier came from the 
 north of England, where a few are still bred, as 
 they are in the Midlands, but fewer in the Metropolis. 
 The most recent London-bred specimens I have seen 
 have been comparative toys, under lolb. in weight, 
 and with that round skull, or so-called " apple head," 
 which so persists in making its appearance in 
 lilliputian specimens of the dog an effect of in- 
 breeding. 
 
 The English white terrier is in appearance an 
 attractive dog, small in size he should not be more 
 
60 Modern Dogs. 
 
 than I4lb. weight cleanly and elegant, but he is not 
 particularly noted for his intelligence, as I am sorry 
 to write is the case with all these smaller smooth 
 coated terriers that for generations have had their 
 ears cut. This is unfortunately the custom with the 
 one of which I write at any rate, this evil result of 
 cropping is my experience, as it has been of others 
 who have kept this variety, and the black and tan 
 terrier likewise. 
 
 There are other drawbacks to his becoming a 
 fashionable favourite, for, however his elegance and 
 the purity of his white coat may fill the eye, he is 
 by no means a hardy dog. Then he is difficult to 
 breed in perfection ; the puppies are as likely to 
 come with patches on them as not, and terrier heads 
 or greyhound shaped bodies and vice versa are by 
 no means unusual. They are not easy to keep 
 in condition for exhibition ; it is troublesome and 
 dangerous (to say nothing about being illegal) 
 to have their ears cut or cropped, and, unless a 
 white terrier carries its ears smartly up and cut to a 
 point almost, he is a sorry looking object. Again, he 
 is particularly subject to total or partial deafness, 
 which may be hereditary or arise from other causes, 
 such as a delicacy that is supposed to appertain to 
 some totally white animals, especially such as are 
 inbred to a great extent, as is the case here. I 
 
The English White Terrier. 61 
 
 have heard, when living in the north, that at least 
 one of the very best bitches of the early time, and 
 from which many of the best were descended, was 
 " stone deaf." No doubt this is the dog Mr. 
 Roocroft alluded to in Vero Shaw's " Book of the 
 Dog" as being one of the best he ever saw, and 
 which preceded the favourite Tim. 
 
 For show purposes, which means when it is 
 required to place the animal before the judges to 
 the best advantage, it is usual to cut off the 
 whiskers, to singe or clip the under part of the tail 
 where it might be clad with coarse hair, and to cut 
 or shave what in the " fancy " are considered super- 
 fluous hairs from the ears. Indeed, the latter is 
 done to such an extent, and evidently acknowledged 
 as being quite honest and straightforward, that at 
 the autumn show of the Kennel Club in 1893 I 
 saw an exhibitor clipping hairs from the ears of a 
 white terrier whilst on its bench, in full view of 
 the company present ; and strangely enough this 
 public " faking " did not appear to attract any 
 attention. 
 
 During 1893 some attention was drawn to the 
 decadence and seeming neglect of the breed, and it 
 was almost sad to see one of its admirers, and the 
 owner of specially good specimens, writing pretty 
 much in the same strain as I have done as to the 
 
62 Modern Dogs. 
 
 anxiety the keeping in show form this terrier causes. 
 Dr. Lees Bell, the gentleman in question, writing to 
 one of the papers which gives a considerable amount 
 of space to kennel subjects, says : 
 
 " All breeders have, I daresay, experienced the 
 same difficulty of breeding pure white puppies with 
 level heads and fine skulls together with proper 
 English terrier lines of body. The puppies are 
 either foul-marked, or have domed skulls and 
 whippet bodies, or they have level heads, with the 
 thick skull and wide chest and general stoutness of 
 body of the bull terrier. But apart from those 
 difficulties which it is the art of breeding and selec- 
 tion to overcome, the great amount of trouble 
 requisite to keep white English in form and to 
 prepare them for exhibition naturally exercises an 
 influence inimical to the popularity of the breed. 
 The cropping of the ears, the trimming of the tail, 
 shaving the ears, the washing and general anxiety 
 to keep the dog spotless till after the show, all 
 combine to make the hobby too tiresome to allow 
 the breed to be popular with those at any rate who 
 have little leisure for the indulgence of their pet 
 hobby. The appearance of red wounds, too, on the 
 white ground is also a great drawback. For all 
 these reasons I doubt it is too much to expect that 
 the breed can ever become popular, especially when 
 
The English White Terrier. 
 
 there are other breeds of terriers better suited for 
 the special purposes for which pet dogs are kept. 
 Such terriers as the Irish, for example, are game, 
 gay, and always the same, ready for a fight, and 
 rarely much the worse for a shindy, while they can 
 be picked up and set on the show bench with the 
 least possible trouble and what more do we want ? 
 While regretting extremely the decay of the white 
 English Terrier, I am afraid they must bow to the 
 inevitable, and give place to dogs better suited to 
 the wants and conveniences of the present day than 
 they unfortunately are." 
 
 With all of which I cordially agree, and in this 
 age we must be content with the " survival of the 
 fittest." It is only to be expected that in the 
 common course of events, when we are introducing 
 new varieties of the dog from foreign countries and 
 re-popularising varieties of our own, that the least 
 suitable must go to the wall sooner or later, and 
 those animals of which their admirers say they are 
 not fit to be kept unless they are shorn of their 
 ears, will no doubt be the first to go, especially 
 when such mutilation is illegal and brings its perpe- 
 trators within reach of the law against cruelty to 
 animals. 
 
 At the time I am writing this, some of the best 
 of our white terriers are to be found in Scotland, 
 
64 Modern Dogs. 
 
 for which there is no particular reason, as the 
 Scottish shows give them no more encouragement 
 than they receive this side the Border. Mr. Ballan- 
 tyne, at Edinburgh, has a particularly good kennel, 
 his Morning Star and Rising Star being especially 
 notable ; Dr. Lees Bell's Leeds Elect is another 
 noteworthy dog at the present day, whilst Mr. C. 
 Randall in Liverpool has a kennel that includes 
 Bange, Little Beauty, and Semolina, all winners at 
 our leading shows, as are Mr. J. P. Heap's Eclipse 
 and Mr. G. H. Newman's Nobility ; Mr. J. E. 
 Walsh's Lady of the Lake ; Mr. J. M. Bobbie's 
 Silver Blaze ; Mr. W. Smith's Duchesse III., and 
 others shown by Messrs. Heap and Lee. 
 
 Generally, the English white terrier ought to be 
 constructed on pretty much the same lines as a 
 black and tan terrier, but he must never reach the 
 full size of the latter variety, and he should be a more 
 compact and a more sprightly little dog generally, 
 possessing a character of his own in the latter respect. 
 He may vary in weight from, say, 61b. to I4.1b., 
 and a perfect specimen of the small size is as pretty 
 and elegant a little creature as anyone need desire 
 to possess, though he may be delicate and perhaps 
 deaf. No colour in a perfect specimen is allowable 
 but pure white, eyes dark hazel, or as dark as they 
 can be had, nose perfectly black, and the eye-lashes 
 
The English White Terrier. 65 
 
 must be as dark as possible ; a cherry or partly 
 cherry coloured nose, or yellow gooseberry coloured 
 eyes ought to disqualify. Tail carried straight from 
 the back without curl, and gradually tapering to a 
 point ; the ears are usually cropped, and " trained " to 
 stand quite upright with an inward inclination. It 
 is, or was, the custom to have a " longer crop" on this 
 dog than on the bull terrier the ears were allowed to 
 remain of greater length. The ear in its natural 
 state may be either a button ear, which drops down 
 more or less in front, as is the case with the fox 
 terrier, or it may be semi-prick, which is standing 
 erect, and dropping over in front at the tips. Some 
 are born with large erect ears, certainly by no 
 means picturesque on a dog of the variety, hence 
 possibly the reason why the "fancier" endeavoured 
 to improve upon nature, and cut such ears into what 
 he considered an elegant shape. Fore legs straight, 
 with nice amount of bone ; hind legs nicely trimmed 
 and proportionate. The feet ought to be as round 
 and thick as those of a fox terrier or bull terrier, 
 although good feet are seldom seen on this terrier, 
 they having more than an inclination to be long hare- 
 like in fact, which to my idea shows more than a 
 sign of a cross with the Italian greyhound. The coat 
 fine, though fairly strong, and so close that it should 
 quite hide any of the black skin marks that appear 
 
 F 
 
66 Modern Dogs. 
 
 in so many instances on smooth coated white dogs 
 of all kinds. The teeth must be perfectly level and 
 sound. They are not always the former, and I 
 rather astonished an exhibitor some years ago when 
 I had his white terrier before me in a " variety class," 
 a dog that had hitherto never been shown without 
 winning a prize. It was, however, undershot, and of 
 course I left it out of the list of winners altogether, 
 nor did the owner consider me wrong in so doing. 
 
 The description of the white English terrier as 
 drawn up by the club is as follows ; the table of 
 points is not issued by the club, but the figures, in 
 my opinion, indicate the numerical value of each 
 property as nearly as possible: 
 
 "Head. Narrow, long and level, almost flat skull, 
 without cheek muscles, wedge-shaped, well filled up 
 under the eyes, tapering to the nose, and not lippy. 
 
 " Eyes. Small and black, set fairly close to- 
 gether, and oblong in shape. 
 
 "Nose. Perfectly black. 
 
 "Ears. Cropped and standing perfectly erect. 
 
 " Neck and Shoulders. The neck should be 
 fairly long and tapering from the shoulders to the 
 head, with sloping shoulders, the neck being free 
 from throatiness, and slightly arched at the occiput. 
 
 " Chest. Narrow and deep. 
 
 " Body. Short and curving upwards at the loin, 
 
The English White Terrier. 
 
 ribs sprung out behind the shoulders, back slightly 
 arched at loin, and falling again at the joining of 
 the tail to the same height as the shoulders. 
 
 "Legs. Perfectly straight and well under the 
 body, moderate in bone, and of proportionate 
 length. 
 
 " Feet. Feet nicely arched, with toes set well 
 together, and more inclined to be round than hare- 
 footed. 
 
 " Tail. Moderate length, and set on where the 
 arch of the back ends, thick where it joins the body, 
 tapering to a point, and not carried higher than the 
 back. 
 
 " Coat. Close, hard, short, and glossy. 
 
 " Colour. Pure white ; coloured marking to 
 disqualify. 
 
 " Condition. Flesh and muscles to be hard and 
 firm. 
 
 (< Weight. From i2lb. to 2olb." 
 
 Head, including skull, 
 
 Value. 
 
 Coat 
 
 Value. 
 
 IO 
 
 mouth, and muzzle ... 
 Eyes and expression 
 Neck and shoulders 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 IO 
 
 Stem .. 
 General 
 body 
 
 10 
 
 symmetry and 
 
 IO 
 
 Legs, feet, and chest 
 
 1C 
 
 ^ *-*J 
 
 Size 
 
 10 
 
 
 J 
 
 60 
 
 
 40 
 
 Grand Total, 100. 
 F 2 
 
68 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Disqualifications, coloured markings of any kind 
 and uneven teeth, i.e., teeth either " undershot" or 
 " overshot." A dog i2lb. to i4lb. is better than 
 one weighing i81b., hence the points allowed for 
 size. As a matter of fact, I do not ever remember 
 seeing a really so-called pure English white terrier 
 up to 2olb., the maximum allowed by the club. 
 Perhaps it may be wise in making such an extreme 
 limit in order to stop any decadence which may be 
 perceptible in the variety, generally through breeding 
 from small and more or less puny parents. 
 
T 7 
 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 THE BLACK AND TAN TERRIER. 
 
 I IMAGINE that were one of our great-grandfathers 
 to be shown a specimen of the modern black and 
 tan terrier he would be unable to recognise it as 
 the same variety of dog that, when he was a boy, 
 ran about the stable yards, destroyed vermin, and 
 was made into a household pet. The original 
 fox terrier was a black and tan terrier, at any rate 
 many terriers used for the purpose of driving foxes 
 from their holes were black and tan in colour, and 
 from them must have sprung the " black and tan " 
 as he is seen to-day, crossed probably with some 
 lighter built dog, maybe with a small greyhound. 
 
 With his rich red-tan markings, his deep black 
 colour, pencilled toes, and thumb marks on the feet, 
 elegant shape, sprightly appearance, and general 
 gameness, he is no doubt a dog that might have had 
 a popular future in store. But the fates decreed 
 otherwise, and fashion suggested that he would look 
 better with a portion of his ears cut off, and man 
 
Modern Dogs. 
 
 carried out the needless mutilation. This system of 
 cropping I have already descanted upon in the 
 chapter devoted to the bull terrier and to the white 
 English terrier, and I have no more to add on the 
 subject. I am of opinion that had as much care 
 been used in producing on the black and tan terrier 
 a small thin drop ear, or a neat semi-erect one, as 
 there has been in breeding for colour, he would be a 
 more popular and commoner dog to-day than is the 
 case. He had everything to recommend him for a 
 house dog. He is not too big, is smooth-coated, 
 handsomely shaped, intelligent in expression, 
 brilliant in colour, which being dark is less liable 
 to show dirt, and therefore in advance of any white 
 animal in a town where grimes and smuts prevail 
 and dirt is one of the common objects of the streets. 
 In addition to the illegality of " cropping," there 
 are all the trouble and an unpleasantness connected 
 therewith, which are quite sufficient to keep such a 
 dog from being found in almost everv household. 
 I am not alone in the opinion that this mutilation, 
 continued for so many generations, has had a most 
 injurious effect upon his health and general nature. 
 The black and tan, like other terriers with their ears 
 cut, is more liable to deafness than dogs whose ears 
 remain as nature made them, and so far as the first- 
 named is concerned, I believe that his spirit is in 
 
The Black and Tan Terrier. 7 1 
 
 many cases broken by the cropping process in his 
 youth, and he is never so game and smart a dog as 
 he would otherwise be. At least, this is my experience 
 of black and tan terriers ; and others who have 
 kept them as house dogs bear a similar opinion to 
 that expressed here. He is now a purely fancy 
 dog, i.e., he is not used as an assistant to the game- 
 keeper or to destroy vermin, foxes and such-like 
 creatures. He may kill rats and rabbits, indeed he 
 can be trained until he is quite an adept at the first- 
 named rude branch of sport, but his tender ears are 
 against his going to ground and hunting in the 
 coverts and coppices, as he would do in his natural 
 condition. 
 
 It is much to be regretted that the endeavours to 
 put a stop to ''cropping" have not been more 
 successful. So far back as 1879, at the instigation 
 of Mr. James Taylor, of Rochdale, the Birmingham 
 committee, or one of its members, gave special 
 prizes for " black and tans " with uncut ears, and 
 these prizes were continued for three years, but 
 received little or no encouragement from exhibitors. 
 Then the old Black and Tan Terrier Club, established 
 in 1884, followed on the same line, and offered prizes 
 at many exhibitions up and down the country, but 
 with no better result. They received no encourage- 
 ment in their good work from the Kennel Club. 
 
72 Modern Dogs. 
 
 With few exceptions the breeders of the dog have 
 become educated to the mutilation, and believe 
 the black and tan terrier looks smarter and hand- 
 somer with ears tapered almost to a point than he 
 does with small aural appendages dropping down 
 like those on a fox terrier. I know several admirers 
 of the variety who gave over breeding their favourites 
 because to compete successfully against what were 
 perhaps inferior specimens the ears had to be 
 operated upon. However, it is not a mere matter 
 of opinion that a " cropped " dog can never be a 
 popular animal, and if the present " black and tan 
 terrier clubs" desire him to be so, they will have to 
 return to the system adopted by the original club, 
 and persevere in offering prizes to be competed for 
 by unmutilated dogs only. 
 
 To leave this unpleasant part of my subject, let 
 me say that the black and tan terrier as he is found 
 to-day is of modern manufacture. Daniel in his 
 "Rural Sports" (1802) certainly describes a terrier 
 of that colour common in his time, but this was a 
 more stoutly built dog, made on the lines of a 
 modern fox terrier and used for a similar purpose 
 and as a gamekeeper's assistant. Indeed, the 
 common terrier of a hundred years ago was for the 
 most part black and tan in colour, with white on 
 his chest and on his feet. 
 
The Black and Tan Terrier. 73 
 
 The late Rev. T. Pearce (" Idstone ") tells us of the 
 black and tan terrier which his family had sixty or 
 seventy years ago, and other writers follow in the 
 same vein. These were bred for work and work 
 only ; the modern production is a purely fancy 
 animal, whose " markings " are of more value than 
 gameness, and his elegance of shape more than 
 stoutness of constitution. Dog shows first brought 
 him into prominence as a " fashionable beauty," 
 and at our earliest exhibitions he was extremely 
 well represented. Still, he was not then so uniform 
 in quality and markings as he came to be later on, 
 and every class contained some dog or other that 
 was badly marked, and by no means of the type 
 that was then coming into vogue. There is no 
 doubt that between 1850 and 1860 the old-fashioned 
 dog was crossed with some other variety of a lighter 
 build, and this may have been a small dark coloured 
 greyhound. Anyhow, the " long lean heads " more 
 often than not showed some greyhound cross, how- 
 ever remote it might be, and the black and tan 
 terrier was and is more tucked up in loins and not 
 so level in the back as the fox terrier ought to 
 be. Then his feet are not so round and cat- 
 like, a longish foot, though it might be thick 
 enough, being preferred, as then the "pencilling" 
 on the feet- black marks on the tan ground 
 
74 Modern Dogs. 
 
 might be better defined when the toes were rather 
 long. 
 
 There is no doubt that when dog shows were 
 first instituted the black and tan terrier was a much 
 commoner animal than he is now ; at any rate, the 
 classes for him were much better filled then than 
 is the case at the present time. For instance, at 
 the Holborn Show in 1862 there were forty-two of 
 the variety benched, divided equally in two classes, 
 one for animals over 5lb. in weight, the other for 
 dogs and bitches under 5lb. At Leeds in the same 
 year the classes were even better filled, the latter 
 having thirty-six entries, the former twenty-seven 
 entries; and at one of the London shows in 1863, 
 that at Ashburnham Hall, there was an actual entry 
 of ninety-five black and tan terriers, divided into 
 three classes for dogs and bitches over ylb., for 
 the same between ylb. and 5lb. weight, and for 
 others under 5lb. One is apt to wonder what 
 a show committee would think were such an 
 entry to be obtained to-day, and certainly as matters 
 are at present, with about a dozen entries in four 
 classes, as may be found at Curzon Hall, the black 
 and tan terrier has not become popularised with 
 the spread of the dog show. 
 
 The most successful dog at these earliest shows 
 was Mr. G. Fitter's (Birmingham) Dandy, a good- 
 
The Black and Tan Terrier. 75 
 
 looking terrier-like dog, illustrated in " Dogs of the 
 British Isles/' but he had much more tan about 
 him than would be deemed a recommendation 
 to-day, nor were his " thumb marks " a black splash 
 on the tan ground of the foot about the size of the 
 end of the thumb and " pencillings " sufficiently 
 distinct, still he was a nice terrier. Then as now 
 the " black and tan " was mostly to be found in the 
 Metropolis and in the large centres of the Midlands 
 and Lancashire. Mr. J. Wade, of Clerkenwell, 
 about the sixties had a lot of smart terriers, so 
 had Mr. Fred White, of Clapham, and Mr. W. 
 Macdonald, who at the same time had more than 
 a passing fancy for Maltese spaniels and Italian 
 greyhounds, and liked a " trotting horse " too. In 
 Birmingham, Mr. James Hinks had them ; Mr. Littler 
 kept some good ones, and so did Mr. Jackson, at 
 Wednesbury. 
 
 About this period there were two or three keen 
 admirers of " fancy dogs" in Manchester and the 
 neighbourhood, who devoted much time and trouble 
 to perfect the black and tan terrier, and, however 
 good were the specimens produced by the south 
 country fancier, the northern ones were better. 
 Indeed, this terrier became so connected with 
 Manchester, as to come to bear its name, and the 
 Kennel Club acknowledged it as the " Manchester" 
 
76 Modern Dogs. 
 
 terrier, as well as by its own name of the black 
 and tan. The reason for such a fresh nomenclature 
 was by no means obvious, but it remains to this 
 day, and will possibly linger on until this variety of 
 terrier is supplanted by perhaps a more useful but 
 certainly by no means a handsomer dog. 
 
 Great names in connection with (< the black and 
 tan " were those of Mr. Samuel Handley, of 
 Pendleton, near Manchester, of Mr. James Barrow, 
 near Manchester, of Mr. W. Justice, Manchester, 
 and of Mr. R. Ribchester, Ardwick, the latter's 
 Colonel being about the best stud dog of his day, 
 and one of the best bred ones. The pedigrees 
 were very lax at these times before the " Stud Book " 
 was published, and even for long after its publication. 
 Pretty nearly all the sporting publicans and many 
 of the working men of Cottonopolis and its 
 neighbourhood kept and bred these terriers, and from 
 them the best specimens were purchased by Mr. 
 Handley and by others, who in turn resold them to 
 the leading exhibitors. 
 
 To exhibit a black and tan terrier to perfection 
 was one of the "arts" of dog showing. The ears 
 were to be carefully attended to, i.e., any loose or 
 unsightly hairs had to be shaved off, the whiskers 
 were cut, and then there came the general " faking " 
 or trimming, which, if found out, would certainly lead 
 
The Black and Tan Terrier. 77 
 
 to the disqualification of the dog and its owner. 
 Without going so far as to say that no black and 
 tan terrier was ever exhibited successfully when in 
 its natural condition, I certainly do not exaggerate 
 when I say such is seldom the case ; but the " art 
 and mysteries of faking " are not followed to the 
 same extent as once was the case, although this 
 sort of thing is still carried on and even allowed 
 by the Kennel Club. There might be white 
 hairs to pluck out or to darken, on the chest 
 or elsewhere ; the stern was to be trimmed ; 
 the hind quarters, which were often far too brown, 
 had either to be plucked or again darkened ; the 
 tan, if rather pale or " cloudy," could be brightened 
 up even to the extent of dyeing or staining, and 
 the " pencilling " and " thumb marks," without 
 which no dog was supposed to have much chance 
 of winning, could, if absent, be produced. I was 
 told years ago, that one of the most successful 
 black and tan bitches that ever lived, and was 
 thought to be quite invincible, was indebted to art, 
 and to art only, for her thumb marks ! That this 
 was probably no exaggeration the following will 
 perhaps prove. 
 
 I was judging a pretty strong lot of black and 
 tan terriers at a west country show some few years 
 ago. Amongst them was a beautiful bitch which 
 
78 Modern Dogs. 
 
 then appeared for the first time, and, notwithstanding 
 the fact that she was absolutely without thumb 
 marks on her fore feet, I gave her first prize. Some 
 time after, in conversation with her owner, I alluded 
 to his bitch, and said she was so terrier-like in body 
 and general character that I had no hesitation in 
 placing her where she was, notwithstanding her 
 deficient markings. " Well," said her owner, 
 
 " tells me that the celebrated never 
 
 had a thumb mark at all, and that he made 
 them artificially, and offered to do the same for my 
 bitch, but I did not care about running any risk, and 
 she is good enough without them." I was well 
 acquainted with all the parties concerned, and, at 
 any rate, twenty years ago this " faking " of black 
 and tan terriers was carried on to an alarming 
 extent, and it required an expert to detect where 
 deception had been practised. This was owing to 
 the fact that markings were, and still are, a sine qua 
 non in the black and tan terrier, more so indeed 
 than in any other dog, not excepting either the 
 Yorkshire terrier or the Dalmatian. 
 
 These dark or black markings on the brown feet 
 of black and tan dogs of all varieties are more or 
 less common, and are found defined to a certain 
 extent on collies of that colour, and on black and 
 tan or Gordon setters. So far as the terriers are 
 
The Black and Tan Terrier. 79 
 
 concerned, the marks come out more prominently, 
 because they have been bred for, and dogs and 
 bitches with the best markings have been mated 
 together, with the result now seen in the terriers 
 to which this chapter is devoted. 
 
 Soon after the formation of the first club some 
 interesting correspondence took place in the Field 
 relative to the description of the variety. Mr. James 
 Taylor, then of Rochdale, wrote on the subject, and 
 so did Mr. Henry Lacy, who at that time owned the 
 best kennel of " black and tans " that had ever 
 been brought together. Moreover he had made 
 the breed a life-study, and it was said what he did 
 not know about black and tan terriers was not worth 
 knowing. However, neither gentleman agreed with 
 the early description that the club had issued, 
 which, however, they stated was subject to revision. 
 
 A portion of Mr. Lacy's letter, and his description, 
 are worth producing, although he is in direct 
 antagonism to my opinion as to cropping. He 
 wrote as follows : 
 
 <( In the first place," says Mr. Lacy, " let me 
 point out that black and tan terriers are essentially 
 a Manchester breed. Use the phrase ' Manchester 
 terrier ' and any fancier knows at once what you 
 mean. Hence it is that all the most famous smooth 
 black and tans have been reared in and around 
 
8o Modern Dogs. 
 
 Manchester. Here are a few of their names : Old 
 Gass, Barrow's Pink, Handley's Saff and Colonel, 
 Laing's Charlie, Kade, and Jerry, Lacy's Queen II., 
 General, and Belcher, Justice's Viper and Vulcan, 
 and innumerable others of a true quality. 
 
 " I will now lay down what I deem to be the true 
 points by which the quality of a black and tan 
 should be judged, taking a dog weighing from lylb. 
 to i81b. 
 
 "Body. Well formed and short. Girth of chest 
 about 2oin. Back nicely arched, falling gently to 
 root of tail. 
 
 "Head. In length, from occipital bone to tip of 
 nose, yin. to Sin. ; skull, between the ears, almost 
 entirely flat, with a slight hollow up the centre 
 between the eyes, and no material drop at the eyes. 
 
 " Eyes. Small, and set well together, neither too 
 far apart nor too near ; colour, dark brown. 
 
 " Ears. My opinion on this point is very decided, 
 although I am aware that many fanciers do not share 
 it. I admire a scientifically cropped ear, well up, 
 and pretty long. This gives a sharp bright appear- 
 ance to this particular terrier. 
 
 " Neck. Not too long, and slightly arched, and 
 betraying no coarseness at the point at which it 
 joins the lower jaw. 
 
 (l Feet. Small feet, with the toes well together. 
 
The Black and Tan Terrier. Si 
 
 The hind feet should be cat-shaped, but the fore feet 
 should be rather hare-footed, and come to a point in 
 the centre. 
 
 " Tail. The tail should be set on a level with the 
 height of the shoulder, and carried straight or only 
 slightly curved. It should be thick at the base, and 
 taper gradually to the end, measuring from Sin. 
 to gin. 
 
 11 Coat. The coat should be short and fine in 
 texture. I have invariably found that when the 
 throat is entirely covered there is a tendency to a 
 heavy coarse coat. I therefore do not object to 
 lack of hair on the throat, as I consider it a distinct 
 characteristic of the breed. I look for a fine silky 
 coat of raven black, with a brilliant glossy appearance. 
 
 " Colour. A rich mahogany tan, of as uniform a 
 shade as possible. Tan spots on the eyes and on 
 each cheek. The tan on the muzzle should begin 
 at the nostril, and continue by the ridge of the nose 
 and then fall under the jaw. The division between 
 this and the pea mark on the cheek should be 
 decided and distinct. The paw mark on the forelegs 
 should be equally pronounced, and each toe should 
 be nicely pencilled. The colour under the tail 
 should be as nearly as possible of the same shade 
 of tan as the other marks, and the tail should cover 
 it almost entirely. There should be no breeching 
 
 G 
 
82 Modem Dogs. 
 
 of tan on the hind legs, on the neck, nor behind 
 the ears. 
 
 " I claim that if a black and tan possesses all 
 these points, he is of the true breed, as it is accepted 
 and understood by the best authorities in his- native 
 county of Lancashire." 
 
 So much for Mr. Lacy's opinion, which must of 
 course be taken as coming from one of the very 
 best judges of the variety we have known ; still, 
 he does not tell us that the popularity such a hand- 
 some dog ought to possess could never be achieved, 
 because it required cropping and so much attention 
 in the way of " trimming " to make it presentable on 
 the show bench. I need hardly say that the writer 
 of the above extract had at one time an extremely 
 powerful kennel of " black and tans," and he with 
 his man, (( Bob " Carling, could always send a dog 
 into the ring in proper fashion. It was Mr. Lacy 
 who bought that successful bitch Queen II., who 
 did so much winning at the leading shows about 
 1870-2. The Rev. W. J. Mellor, then of Notting- 
 ham ; Mr. S. Laing, Bristol ; Mr. C. Harling, 
 Manchester; Mr. W. Hodgson, Harpurhey ; Mr. 
 J. H. Murchison, Thrapston ; Mr. T. Swinburne, 
 Darlington ; all had at one time or another excellent 
 specimens of this variety. A little later Mr. A. 
 George, Kensal Town ; the late Mr. W. J. Tomlinson, 
 
The Black and Tan Terrier. 83 
 
 Mr. G. S. Manuelle, and Mr. Codman, of London, 
 owned some very good terriers indeed, and from 
 what I know of them they were shown without 
 being unduly trimmed, but their strains were not 
 particularly companionable animals. 
 
 Perhaps some of the best of the variety are now 
 to be found in Scotland, where Mr. D. G. Buchanan, 
 at Broxham, has a very excellent team, with which 
 he wins a large number of prizes. Mr. Webster 
 Adams, at Ipswich, has another nice lot ; Mr. J. 
 Tucker, in Wales, is a noted breeder; and until 
 quite recently Mr. T. Ellis, Cheetham Hill, Man- 
 chester, had, perhaps, the best modern kennel, as it 
 contained several dogs that had been purchased for 
 large sums, and finally known with the prefix of 
 Bromfield. Mr. B. Lathom, Eccles ; Mr. J. W. 
 Taylor, Oldham ; Mr. J. Howarth, Strange ways ; 
 Lieut. - Col. Dean, near Birkenhead ; Mr. Tom 
 Ashton, Lancashire ; Mr. W. Barlow, Farnworth ; 
 and Messrs. Hogg, Stand, near Manchester, at 
 the time I write are great admirers of the variety, 
 and possess perhaps specimens quite as good as 
 there are in any other kennels. But the " black 
 and tan " is still bred in considerable numbers 
 round about Manchester, and the would-be pur- 
 chaser would be more likely to find suitable 
 animals in that locality than elsewhere, though the 
 
 G 2 
 
84 Modern Dogs. 
 
 London and Birmingham dealers could no doubt 
 produce anything that might be required. 
 
 Owing to the variety of surroundings that I have 
 named, the black and tan terrier is scarcely a 
 dog that can be recommended for the household. 
 Whether there is anything particularly attractive 
 for the dog stealer in him I cannot say, but I have 
 doubts on the matter, for at least three of my 
 friends who resided in suburban London owned very 
 nice black and tan terriers, and sooner or later the 
 three of them rose on three separate mornings 
 and found themselves three dogless individuals. 
 Their " black and tans " had been stolen, nor were 
 they recovered, and one of the three friends, who 
 liked the variety very much indeed, had a second 
 of the strain stolen. So he got an Irish terrier, 
 which remains with him to this day. Possibly 
 the local thieves couple the Irish dogs with Irish 
 politics, and sensibly enough consider them best left 
 alone. 
 
 There are three clubs established to look after the 
 well-being of the black and tan terrier, one arising 
 from the ashes of the original body and established 
 in 1892, and called " The Black and Tan Terrier 
 Club of England," I presume to distinguish it from 
 another club which has its headquarters in Scot- 
 land, and has but recently (1893) been established. 
 
The Black and Tan Terrier. 85 
 
 The third is the " Manchester or Black and Tan 
 Terrier Club," likewise organised during 1893. 
 
 From what I have written it will be surmised 
 that this terrier is one of the most difficult varieties 
 to judge properly and with satisfaction, for not only 
 are the colours and markings to be taken into 
 consideration, but sufficient knowledge is required 
 to detect whether the dog is indebted to Nature 
 alone for her perfections or whether art has been 
 her assistant. 
 
 The description and points of the black and tan 
 terrier as adopted by the English club are as 
 follows ; they are pretty much the same as those of 
 the Manchester club, the chief difference being that 
 the latter limit their weight to i81b. 
 
 " Head. Long, flat, and narrow, level and wedge- 
 shaped, without showing cheek muscles, well filled 
 up under the eyes, with tapering tightly lipped jaws 
 and level teeth. 
 
 " Eyes. Very small, sparkling, and dark, set 
 fairly close together, and oblong in shape. 
 
 " Nose. Black. 
 
 11 Ears. Cropped and standing perfectly erect, 
 if uncropped, small, and V- sna P e d, hanging close 
 to the head above the eye. 
 
 "Neck and Shoulders. The neck should be 
 fairly long, and tapering from the shoulders to the 
 
86 Modern Dogs. 
 
 head, with sloping shoulders, the neck being free 
 from throatiness, and slightly arched at the occiput. 
 
 " Chest. Narrow but deep. 
 
 " Body. Moderately short and curving upwards 
 at the loin ; ribs well sprung ; back slightly arched 
 at the loin and falling again at the joining of the 
 tail to the same height as the shoulders. 
 
 " Legs. Must be quite straight, set on well under 
 the dog and of fair length. 
 
 " Feet. More inclined to be cat than hare 
 footed. 
 
 " Tail. Moderate length, and set on where the 
 arch of the back ends, thick where it joins the body, 
 tapering to a point, and not carried higher than the 
 back. 
 
 " Coat. Close, smooth, short and glossy. 
 
 " Colour. Jet black, and rich mahogany tan, 
 distributed over the body as follows : On the head 
 the muzzle is tanned to the nose, which with the 
 nasal bone is jet black ; there is also a bright spot 
 on each cheek, and above each eye, the under jaw 
 and throat are tanned, and the hair inside the ear 
 is of the same colour. The fore legs tanned up to 
 the knee with black lines (pencil marks) up each 
 toe, and a black mark (thumb mark) above the 
 foot. Inside the hind legs tanned, but divided with 
 black at the hock joint, and under the tail also 
 
The Black and Tan Terrier. 87 
 
 tanned, and so is the vent, but only sufficiently to 
 be easily covered by the tail ; also slightly tanned 
 on each side of chest. Tan outside of hind legs, 
 commonly called breeching, a serious defect. In 
 all cases the black should not run into the tan, or 
 vice versa, but the division between the two colours 
 should be well defined. 
 
 " General Appearance. A terrier, calculated to 
 take his own part in the rat pit, and not of the 
 whippet type. 
 
 " Weight. Not exceeding 7lb. ; not exceeding 
 i61b. ; not exceeding 2olb." 
 
 SCALE OF POINTS. 
 
 Value. Value. 
 
 Head 20 
 
 Eyes 10 
 
 Ears 5 
 
 Legs 10 
 
 Feet 10 
 
 Body 10 
 
 65 
 
 Tail 5 
 
 Colour and markings 15 
 General appearance 
 (including terrier 
 quality) 15 
 
 35 
 
 Grand Total, 100. 
 
 It may be interesting to compare the above with 
 what Mr. Henry Lacy suggested eight or nine years 
 ago, and what was considered good when he wrote 
 would undoubtedly be considered so now. 
 
 Of late I have noticed that there is a tendency to 
 
Modern Dogs. 
 
 breed the black and tan terrier too much of the 
 whippet and Italian greyhound stamp, with tucked- 
 up loins, arched back, and long feet. With such 
 defects, have come round, full, glaring eyes, instead 
 of the smart, piercing, almond-shaped orbs which 
 ought to be part and parcel of every terrier, whether 
 kept as a companion or as a vermin destroyer. 
 Breeders ought at once to check this tendency, 
 which can easily be done by refusing to use such 
 dogs and bitches in their kennels as are likely to 
 perpetuate defects so glaring and mischievous. So 
 recently as the Liverpool Show of 1894, m conversa- 
 tion with an old and successful exhibitor of black 
 and tan terriers, I had my attention drawn to these 
 prevailing weaknesses, although the variety was not 
 well-represented at that exhibition. Unterrier-like 
 specimens, for the most part, took the leading prizes 
 there. 
 
 Our dog-loving cousins in America do not appear 
 to have shown any great affection for the black and 
 tan terrier, nor have the few imported, chiefly by Dr. 
 Foote, of New York, attracted any particular atten- 
 tion when they were benched. Perhaps on the other 
 side of the Atlantic the natives do not possess 
 sufficient knowledge of the breed to fully appreciate 
 the rich colour and correct markings of this, to say 
 the least, peculiar terrier. 
 
The Black and Tan Terrier. 89 
 
 Before closing the chapter allusion must be made 
 to the " blue " or slate-coloured terriers which 
 are occasionally produced from this variety, though 
 the parents may be correctly marked themselves. 
 Such " sports " are in reality as well bred as the real 
 article, and are found of all sizes, perhaps more 
 commonly amongst the " toys " and the small-sized 
 specimens than amongst the larger ones. Some 
 are entirely " blue " or slate coloured, others have 
 tan markings. In certain Lancashire towns they are 
 far from uncommon, and have little value set upon 
 them, nor are they acknowledged on the show 
 bench at the present time. Still, at two or three of 
 the earlier canine exhibitions special classes were 
 provided for these " blue terriers," and once or twice 
 in London a fair entry was obtained. 
 
 Mr. Thomson Gray, in his " Dogs of Scotland," 
 mentions a dog called the Blue Paul, and earlier 
 writers had also drawn attention to the same animal. 
 I certainly refuse to acknowledge him as a variety, 
 and consider him identical with the " blue terrier ' 
 bred from " black and tans." Some specimens 
 described may have been larger, stronger, and 
 generally coarser than a perfect black and tan 
 terrier ought to be, but such is not sufficient dis- 
 tinction to make them a distinct variety. There are 
 many well bred black and tan terriers up to 3olb. 
 
90 Modern Dogs. 
 
 weight and over, and I have seen more than one 
 " blue " dog bred from such, and what Mr. Thomson 
 Gray would no doubt have considered " a find " as 
 one of the last of the race of the so-called Blue Paul. 
 Some time or other a fancier had a terrier called 
 Paul, and it being a celebrity in its line, which was 
 to kill rats and fight, and being " blue " in colour 
 was called " Blue Paul " to distinguish it from 
 other eminent dogs bearing a similar name. At 
 least, such is my idea of the origin of the name, 
 notwithstanding how I may upset local historians 
 and others who have said Paul Jones gave the dog 
 its name, having brought a specimen home on his 
 return from one of his piratical expeditions. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 THE FOX TERRIER. 
 
 THE popularity of the fox terrier is undoubted. He 
 is seen running at large in the streets of our cities 
 and towns ; in country places he abounds ; and 
 go where you will half a dozen fox terriers are to be 
 found for each specimen of any other variety of the 
 canine race. Clubs are established to promote his 
 efficiency and to add to his beauty. There is a 
 so-called parent club, and there are a dozen minor 
 affairs of the same kind, local and otherwise. The 
 fox terrier has a journal solely to look after its 
 interests, for in the Fox Terrier Chronicle the 
 claims of the little dog are supported. Then the 
 fox terrier has a special stud book ; and a volume 
 devoted entirely to this dog's history and description 
 has been published, and met with unusual success ; 
 the former edited by Mr. Hugh Dalziel and pub- 
 lished at 170, Strand, the latter in its second 
 edition " A History and Description, with Remi- 
 niscences, of the Fox Terrier," published by Horace 
 Cox, Bream's Buildings, E.C. 
 
92 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Again, almost every man and woman who knows a 
 St. Bernard from a mastiff confess to the impeach- 
 ment that they are "rare good judges of a fox 
 terrier," and any exhibitor or other individual with 
 fifty or a hundred pounds in his pocket to lay out on 
 dogs, can so expend that sum and join one of 
 the clubs, and he will have a fair chance of being 
 remunerated as a judge of the breed, and so become 
 qualified (?) to aid in that capacity at any show to 
 which he may be appointed. 
 
 There was a time when there were scarcely a score 
 of men who knew a good fox terrier when they saw 
 one ; now, if one believes all that is told, prime 
 judges of the variety are to be found in thousands. 
 That once famous exhibitor Mr. Thomas Wootten, 
 of Nottingham, has lived to see this, and so has 
 Mr. Gibson, who a few years since had such a fine 
 kennel of terriers at Brokenhurst ; but Mr. J. H. 
 Murchison, Mr. S. W. Smith, Mr. Cropper, with 
 others, the best judges of the variety to be found 
 a quarter of a century ago, have gone the way of 
 all flesh, and so have not had the misfortune to 
 outlive their reputation. 
 
 However, I shall not anticipate matters, but before 
 dealing with the modern fox terrier must say 
 something about his early history. When terriers 
 were first used for unearthing the fox there is no 
 
The Fox Terrier. 93 
 
 record to tell, and no doubt our earliest dogs of 
 this breed were utilised for a variety of purposes, 
 and trained to kill rats and other vermin as well 
 as to tackle the fox and badger, and perhaps the 
 otter. 
 
 It was not, however, until towards the close of the 
 past century, or the early part of the present one, 
 that the name of the fox terrier began to be adopted, 
 his present popularity commenced less than thirty 
 years ago. In the " Sporting Dictionary " 1803, we 
 are told that " since fox hunting is so deservedly 
 and universally popular in every country where it 
 can be enjoyed, these faithful little animals have 
 become so exceedingly fashionable that few stables 
 of the independent are seen without them. Four 
 and five guineas is no great price for a handsome, 
 well-bred terrier." If the fox terrier was fashionable 
 then, how much more so is he at the present time, 
 when a couple of hundred sovereigns is by no means 
 an unusual price to pay for u a handsome, well-bred 
 terrier" ? 
 
 Although at this period there were terriers of all 
 colours pretty nearly, I am of opinion the fox terrier 
 was originally black and tan. In Daniel's " Rural 
 Sports" (1801), S. Elmer, the artist, draws us 
 such a one, and I have in my possession a very rare 
 engraving, "The Fox Terrier," from an original 
 
94 Modern Dogs. 
 
 picture by De Wilde, published August 4, 1806, Ipy 
 Laurie and Whittle, 53, Fleet-street, London. 
 
 This is a black and tan dog, somewhat ragged 
 in coat, which, however it may be inclined to be 
 wavy, must in reality be as smooth as many of the 
 ordinary fox terriers of the present day. He has 
 drop ears, a " docked " or shortened tail, and 
 capital legs and feet and nice bone; about i81b. in 
 weight, lacking character somewhat, but bearing in 
 all but colour a resemblance to the present terrier 
 dog. In some of the terriers shown twenty years 
 ago I have often seen dogs very much of the shape 
 and style of this terrier as De Wilde has drawn him. 
 I reproduced the engraving in my volume on the 
 Fox Terrier, already alluded to. 
 
 In Bingley's " Memoirs of British Quadrupeds " 
 (1809) two terriers are beautifully etched by Howitt. 
 In a copy of this excellent work now lying on my 
 library table the plates are coloured. One of the 
 dogs, wire-haired, is a kind of dark blue and tan in 
 hue, with semi-prick ears, and an uncut tail ; the 
 other, with erect ears, is smooth coated and black 
 and tan, both rich in colour, less than 2olb. in weight 
 each, and likely enough from their appearance to 
 kill either fox, rat, or weasel. As a fact, the wire- 
 haired terrier has just given the finishing shakes, 
 which have extinguished the last sparks of life in a 
 
The Fox Terrier. 95 
 
 foulmart, whilst the smooth dog, more in the back 
 ground, is evidently growling and snarling at his 
 mate for having had the little bit of work all to 
 himself. The admired author of the book says : 
 
 " This dog has its name of terrier or terrarius from 
 its usually subterraneous employment in forcing 
 foxes and other beasts of prey out of their dens, and, 
 in former times, driving rabbits from their burrows 
 (sic). It is generally an attendant upon every pack 
 of foxhounds, and is the determined enemy of all 
 kinds of vermin such as weasels, foulmarts, rats, 
 &c. The terrier is a fierce, keen, and hardy animal, 
 and will encounter even the badger, from which he 
 sometimes meets with very severe treatment. A 
 well-trained and veteran dog, however, frequently 
 proves more than a match for that powerful animal. 
 Some terriers are rough and others smooth haired 
 They are generally reddish brown or black, of a long 
 form, short legged, and strongly bristled about the 
 muzzle." 
 
 The Rev. William Daniel tells us little about fox 
 terriers, though he recommends that when young 
 they should not be entered to the badger, " for," he 
 says, " they do not understand shifting like old ones, 
 and, if good for anything, would probably go boldly 
 up to the badger and be terribly bitten ; for this 
 reason, if possible, they should be entered to young 
 
96 Modern Dogs. 
 
 foxes. . . . With respect to the digging of 
 foxes which hounds run to ground, if the hole be 
 straight and earth slight, follow it, and in following 
 the hole, by keeping below its level, it cannot be 
 lost ; but in a strong earth it is best to let the terrier 
 fix the fox in an angle of it, and a pit be then sunk 
 as near to him as can be. A terrier should always 
 be kept at the fox, who otherwise may move, and in 
 loose ground dig himself further in ; in digging keep 
 plenty of room, and take care to throw the earth 
 where it may not have to be moved again. Hunts- 
 men, when near the fox, will sometimes put a hound 
 into the earth to draw him ; this answers no other 
 purpose than to cause the dog a bad bite, which a 
 few minutes' more labour would render unnecessary; 
 or, if the fox must be drawn by a hound, first intro- 
 duce a whip, which the fox will seize, and the hound 
 will then draw him out more readily." 
 
 The " Sportsman's Cabinet," published in two 
 volumes in 1803-4, two years after the first volume 
 of Daniel's " Rural Sports " appeared, contains an 
 engraving by Scott from a spirited painting by 
 Reinagle. Here we have three terriers, one of 
 which is white, with marks on his head and a patch 
 at the set on of stern. This is a wire-haired dog, 
 with a docked tail and erect ears, showing traces of 
 a bull-terrier cross from the shape of the skull and 
 
The Fox Terrier. 97 
 
 in his general character. Another, evidently a white 
 dog, is disappearing from sight in an earth, whilst 
 the third appears to be a dark coloured dog, with a 
 broad white collar and white marks on his muzzle ; 
 his ears are likewise erect. All will pass muster as 
 fox terriers, and if a little wide in chest for modern 
 fancy or prevailing fashion, they are strong-jawed 
 and appear eager for the fray. 
 
 The writer in the " Sportsman's Cabinet" (two 
 handsome volumes, originally published at seven 
 guineas), after alluding to the different strains of 
 terriers, says : " The genuine and lesser breed of 
 terrier is still preserved uncontaminate amongst 
 the superior order of sportsmen, and constantly 
 employed in a business in which his name, his size, 
 his fortitude, persevering strength, and invincible 
 ardour all become so characteristically and truly 
 subservient, that he may justly be said ' to labour 
 cheerfully in his vocation ; ' this is in his emulous 
 and exulting attendance upon the foxhounds, where, 
 like the most dignified and exulting personage in a 
 public procession, though last, he is not the least 
 in consequence." 
 
 The same writer goes on to say, that the white 
 pied bitch is the dam of a wonderful progeny, most 
 of which have been sold at high prices, " seven 
 recently for one and twenty guineas, and these 
 
 H 
 
98 . Modern Dogs. 
 
 are as true a breed of the small sort as any in 
 England." 
 
 A pleasing, if rather ponderous, eulogy on the 
 fox terrier, and one which most members of the 
 fox terrier clubs at the present day should fully 
 appreciate, though they would scarcely consider 
 their choicest puppies well sold at three guineas 
 apiece. 
 
 Still, in their lines, our terrier had admirers quite 
 as ardent ninety or a hundred years ago as is 
 the case now. Then masters of foxhounds were 
 extremely particular in their selection, requiring in 
 their terriers at the same time strength, intelligence, 
 and gameness. Another author about that period 
 tells us that the black, and black and tanned, or 
 rough wire-haired pied are preferred, as those 
 inclining to a reddish colour are sometimes in the 
 clamour of the chase taken for the fox, and halloaed 
 to as such. 
 
 As I have mentioned at length so many writers 
 on terriers, allusion must again be made to Mr. 
 Delabere Elaine, who, in 1840, published his 
 " Encyclopaedia of Rural Sports," which no doubt 
 gave the late Mr. J. H. Walsh his idea of his l( Rural 
 Sports," which followed some fifteen years later. 
 Elaine provides much nice reading and useful infor- 
 mation in his immense volume, and, amongst other 
 
The Fox Terrier. 99 
 
 illustrations, gives us a team of terriers attacking a 
 badger. Some of these little dogs are white with 
 markings, others being whole coloured, dark pepper 
 and salts, or black and tans. This writer, thus 
 early, laments that " the occupation of the fox 
 terrier is almost gone, for the fox is less frequently 
 dug out than formerly, and it was thus only that 
 the terrier was of use, either to draw the fox or to 
 inform the digger by his baying of his whereabouts. 
 So his occupation being gone, he is dispensed with 
 by most masters of hounds of the new school." 
 Elaine proceeds to say that there are two promi- 
 nent varieties of the terrier, rough and smooth, the 
 first named appear to have been more common in 
 Scotland and the north, " the rigours of a more 
 severe climate being favourable to a crisped and 
 curled coat." One of Elaine's terriers is neither 
 more nor less than a bull terrier, bearing the 
 orthodox brindled or brown patch on one eye, and 
 its ears are cut. 
 
 Others, too, adopted the same ideas as Elaine, 
 or at any rate similar ones, just as Taplin, in his 
 " Sporting Dictionary," and the author of the 
 <( Sportsman's Repository," had done those of 
 writers who preceded them. 
 
 The reasons hold good now in 1894 that were so 
 admirably set forth then, but even fewer terriers 
 
 H 2 
 
ioo Modern Dogs. 
 
 are used with packs of hounds than when Elaine 
 wrote, and, unless under exceptional circumstances, 
 a master will leave the fox, which has contrived to 
 get safely to ground, with his mask safe and 
 his brush intact, if a little bedraggled. With an 
 increasing love of hunting, so apparent during the 
 past century, there was no wonder the terrier came 
 to have consideration with some men little inferior 
 to that bestowed on the hound himself. Pretty 
 nearly each hunting country held its own particular 
 strain, and that these were for the most part dark 
 in colour (usually black and tan), that which has 
 been read in these introductory pages, I think, 
 forms fair evidence. That three varieties were 
 common, large, medium, and small in size, too, is 
 apparent, and that such were both smooth and 
 rough or wire-haired ; but how they were originally 
 produced there is no evidence to show. 
 
 The early-time terriers were bred for work and 
 not for ornament, and, unless they would go to 
 ground after the manner of the ferret, their heads 
 would not be kept long out of the huge butt of 
 water in the stableyard. Rats they had to kill, 
 and, unhappily, often enough cats too ; but fox 
 terriers were less seldom used to work as spaniels 
 or retrievers than is the case to-day. Our ancestors 
 believed in each dog having its own vocation : the 
 
The Fox Terrier. 101 
 
 setter to set, the pointer to point, the spaniel to 
 beat the coverts, and the terrier to make pilgrimages 
 underground. Nor did they condescend to train the 
 latter to run after rabbits, as in modern coursing 
 matches ; and they took for the most part the bull 
 terrier to bait the badger and perform in the rat pit. 
 '' A dash of bulldog blood" was always said to 
 improve the pluck of a terrier (it certainly does not 
 add to his elegance of form), and so no doubt came 
 the brindle marks on some few of the modern fox 
 terriers. Careful crossing has almost effaced the 
 first named, now considered a blemish, and in its 
 place the rich tan and black, or hound markings, 
 have been introduced. Originally these gaudy 
 colours were produced by some beagle blood, which, 
 I fancy, came to be infused about thirty-five years 
 ago. The large, flapping, almost hound-like, ears 
 which still occasionally crop up, and were exces- 
 sively common twenty years back, likewise suggest 
 this beagle cross, and I have no doubt, from a 
 modern black and tan terrier and a hound-marked 
 pure beagle, careful selection would in very few 
 generations produce a fox terrier with a black and 
 tan head and a patch on the body or at the root of 
 the stern. Of a whilom champion a well-known 
 admirer of the variety was wont to declare, " she 
 had ears like a blacksmith's apron." 
 
102 Modern Dogs. 
 
 An excessive size of the aural appendages is not 
 an attribute of the terrier proper, any more than are 
 the hound markings. I am inclined to believe that 
 if ever there was an original terrier he had semi-erect 
 ears, which, standing quite upright at times, were, 
 when their owner came to be at work, thrown back 
 into the hair of the neck, which for purposes of pro- 
 tection Nature provided stronger and more profuse 
 there than on any other part of the body. To a 
 great extent fancy has outdone Nature in this 
 respect, and few of the terriers seen winning on the 
 benches now have that strong, muscular, hair- 
 protected neck required for thorough workers. 
 Neatness and quality are sought. In nine cases out 
 of ten where a dog show man possesses a fox terrier 
 with a greater profusion of hair on the neck than 
 elsewhere on the body, it would be taken off in order 
 that a neatness and cleanness there would better 
 attract the eye of the judge. 
 
 The popularity of the fox terrier commenced to 
 make itself apparent some thirty years or so ago, 
 and during the decade which immediately followed 
 that date its progress in the estimation of the 
 people was phenomenal. Those days are still 
 spoken of as the " good old times," and so long as 
 a dog was white, with a patch of black or brown or 
 tan on him even brindle was not then considered 
 
The Fox Terrier. 103 
 
 disqualification weighed anything between i lib. and 
 3olb., and had his tail docked, he was called a fox 
 terrier, and sold as such. He had a pedigree 
 made for the occasion perhaps. And if his ears 
 were too big, they could be sliced down, as they 
 sometimes were, and if they stood up erect instead 
 of dropping, they could be cut underneath, and often 
 were, and made to hang in the orthodox fashion. 
 
 The British public had not then learned to 
 distinguish between one dog and another, long 
 heads, straight legs, round feet, and other important 
 essentials were considered secondary considerations 
 when placed against an evenly-marked " black and 
 tan " head " tortoiseshell headed " a clerical friend 
 called my little terrier, and he thought he had made 
 a good joke, too. With the multitude came, for 
 once at least, wisdom ; the youngsters studied from 
 their elders, hob-nobbed with fanciers, and so by 
 degrees obtained an inkling as to the requirement 
 and appearance of a perfect terrier, or one as nearly 
 perfect as possible. Any kind of rubbish almost 
 could have been palmed off as the genuine article 
 twenty-five years since ; but a difference prevails 
 now. 
 
 Go to a dog show to-morrow, and eighteen out of 
 every twenty persons you meet (ladies of course 
 excepted) will argue with you as to the relative 
 
104 Modern Dogs. 
 
 merits of this dog and about the defects of that one. 
 They wonder at your presumption, perhaps, as you 
 give your opinion against theirs ; why, they will even 
 talk to the judge himself, and tell him where he has 
 done wrong, and how that terrier ought to have won 
 and the actual winner only been placed third. 
 Further inquiry might elicit the fact that the person 
 so laying down the law was an interested party, and 
 had shown a dog (in the same class as that in which 
 he was criticising the awards) as long on the legs 
 and as defective in ribs and loins as a whippet, 
 and was highly indignant that it had not won the 
 cup. 
 
 I have known a man to judge fox terriers who had 
 never bred one in his life, had never seen a fox in 
 front of hounds, had never seen a terrier go to 
 ground, had never seen either otter, weasel, or foul- 
 mart outside the glass case in which they rested on 
 the wall in a bar parlour, and had not even seen a 
 terrier chase a rabbit. His slight experience of 
 working a terrier had been obtained at a surrep- 
 titious badger bait in the stable of a beerhouse, 
 and a violent attack on a dozen mangy rats by a 
 mongrel terrier in an improvised pit in the bed- 
 room of the landlord of the same hostel. How- 
 ever, such things are not so now, and the popularity 
 of the fox terrier is as great as ever it was. 
 
The Fox Terrier. 105 
 
 As I have said, a commencement of the extra- 
 ordinarily popular career of the modern fox terrier 
 was made thirty years ago. At that time few dog 
 shows had been held, the first one of all, in 1859 
 at Newcastle-on-Tyne. Needless is it to say that 
 there was no class for fox terriers then, nor was there 
 at Birmingham, Leeds, and Manchester, following in 
 successive years. Of course in the variety class for 
 terriers, a few that had run with hounds were entered, 
 but the first division ever arranged in which they were 
 to compete only with their own variety was instituted 
 at the North of England second exhibition of sporting 
 and other dogs, held in Islington Agricultural Hall, 
 June, 1862. Here a class for fox terriers headed 
 the catalogue ; there were twenty entries, and the 
 winner of the first prize was Trimmer, a dog without 
 pedigree, and shown by the late Mr. Harvey Bayly, 
 then of Ickwell House, Biggleswade, later master of 
 the Rufford. If we mistake not, this was a coarsish- 
 looking, workmanlike dog, hound tan and black 
 marked, whose strain was that of the Oakley terriers, 
 the kennels of which were not far away from 
 Mr. Bayly's residence. 
 
 In 1862, when what is now the Birmingham 
 National Exhibition was held at the Old Wharf in 
 Broad-street, there was a class for " White and 
 Other Smooth-haired English Terriers, except Black 
 
106 Modern Dogs. 
 
 and Tan." Several fox terriers were exhibited, 
 and out of a class of dogs containing twenty-four 
 entries, all the prizes went to the then so-called new 
 variety ; the leading honour being taken by Jock, 
 exhibited by Mr. Thomas Wootton, of Nottingham, 
 Mr. Bayly being second with Trap, whilst Mr. 
 Stevenson (Chester) was third with Jack. In 
 bitches, Mr. Wootton was second with Venom, and 
 a Mrs. Mawes first, with a white bitch called Pepper, 
 that afterwards went to Lieutenant-Colonel Clowes, 
 of Worcester. 
 
 Here, then, did the fox terriers first attract public 
 attention, and so much was this the case that 
 the following year, viz., 1863, the Birmingham 
 Committee had provided two classes for them, 
 though a similar thing had been done at two shows 
 held in London in March and May, also in 1863. 
 
 At this period there was an opening for a popular 
 dog ; the fox terrier availed himself of the opportunity, 
 the public gladly accepted his enterprise in so doing, 
 and his progress from the stable and the servants' 
 hall to the drawing-room was rapid. 
 
 At the Birmingham shows between 1864 and 
 1866, three of the great celebrities of those days 
 appeared, viz., Old Jock, Old Trap, and Old Tartar, 
 and the blood of one or the other is to be found 
 in all the best strains at the present time. Of the 
 
The Fox Terrier. 107 
 
 first-named he was said to have been born in 1859 
 and bred either by Capt. Percy Williams, master of 
 the Rufford, or by Jack Morgan, huntsman with 
 the Grove. He was about i81b. in weight, rather 
 high in the leg, and not unlike some of the modern 
 stamp, though with better sprung ribs and not so 
 upright in shoulders ; modern judges would call 
 him loaded in the latter respect. He had nice ears, 
 was a well-made, symmetrical terrier, and was said 
 to have run two seasons with the Grove Hounds. 
 Amongst the show people of that day when he was 
 doing all his winning, and had been purchased for 
 his weight in silver, which would be about 60, he 
 bore the reputation of being soft, and unable to 
 kill rats. 
 
 Tartar was a more bull terrier-like dog, with very 
 small ears, most symmetrical in make, short in head, 
 and the very antipodes of Jock. In colour he was 
 white, with a small mark of pale tan over one eye. 
 He weighed rylb., was said to be a very game, 
 determined dog, and he looked it. Mr. Stevenson 
 had bred him at Chester about 1862, and Tartar 
 was pedigreeless. He was not much worse for 
 that, for the pedigrees of all these early terriers are 
 quite unreliable, anyhow. In the early sixties Jock 
 and Tartar were the acknowledged champions, won 
 all the first prizes, and were considered to be most 
 
io8 Modern Dogs. 
 
 valuable animals. Jock I have written fetched 
 about 60, Tartar sold for ^30, after being adver- 
 tised in the Field for some time for less money. 
 
 Old Trap, the third of the " pillars," is also of 
 doubtful pedigree. The " Kennel Club Stud Book " 
 says: u Mr. J. H. D. Bayly purchased him of Mr. 
 Cockayne, then kennel man to the Oakley Hounds, 
 and later at the Tickham kennels. Mr. Cockayne 
 bought him from a groom of Mr. Isted's, well 
 known in the Pytchley Hunt." Mr. Luke Turner, 
 one of our very oldest admirers of the fox terrier, 
 believes Trap's sire was a dog called Tip, owned 
 by Mr. Hitchcock, a miller in Leicester. This dog 
 bore a reputation for extraordinary gameness, and 
 was the favourite sire used by all the sporting 
 characters in the district. The coachman of Mr. 
 C. Arkwright, then master of the Oakley, put a 
 bitch to this dog Tip, and the result of the alliance 
 was Trap. 
 
 The late Rev. T. O'Grady informed the writer 
 that Trap's dam was a heavily marked fox terrier 
 i.e., one with an unusual amount of black and tan 
 colour on her body and head, and Mr. O'Grady's 
 story was corroborated by the late Mr. S. W. Smith, 
 who for many years was one of the leading authori- 
 ties on the fox terrier. 
 
 Old Trap never realised a big sum, ^25, when 
 
The Fox Terrier. 109 
 
 in the sere and yellow he was purchased by 
 Mr. Murchison, being the most he ever brought. 
 Trap was a lylb. dog, had a pale or mealy tan- 
 coloured head, and a black mark on one side down 
 the saddle, thus giving rise to the expression " a 
 Trap marked" dog or bitch, as the case might be. 
 His head was terrier-like, and of unusual length 
 from the eyes to the nose, whilst his upper jaw was 
 peculiarly powerful. His expression and brightness 
 were much improved by his beautifully placed and 
 perfectly coloured eyes. The ears, small in size, 
 were nicely shaped, and sometimes, not always, 
 well carried, for he had a habit of throwing them 
 backwards, a peculiarity inherited by some of his 
 descendants even as far as the third and fourth 
 generations. He was a little too long in the body, 
 and not nearly so elegantly formed in ribs, neck, 
 hindquarters, shoulders, and elsewhere, as either of 
 the terriers previously mentioned. His fore legs 
 and feet were fairly good, he had more than an 
 inclination to be cow-hocked, and his coat was a 
 trifle long and at times rather too open, though 
 generally of good texture. 
 
 Both Tartar and Old Jock, well nigh invincible 
 on the show bench, had little check in their careers, 
 which extended in the case of the former over eight 
 years, and in that of the latter through four years 
 
no Modern Dogs. 
 
 only, whilst I believe Trap was not shown more 
 than half a dozen times, his best performance being 
 when he came second to Jock at Birmingham in 
 1862. 
 
 That extraordinary bitch Grove Nettle should be 
 mentioned here, for to her quite as much as to any 
 one of the couple and a half of terriers already 
 named is due a share in the present production. 
 Bred in 1862 by W. Merry, huntsman to the Grove 
 Hounds, there does not appear to be any mystery 
 as to her pedigree, she being by the Grove Tartar 
 from the Rev. W. Handley's Sting. Nettle was a 
 prettily shaped, tan-headed bitch, with a black mark 
 on her side, a rather long, wavy coat, almost inclined 
 to be broken haired. The Hon. T. W. Fitzwilliam, 
 her owner, said "the difficulty was to keep her 
 above ground." Another good judge said " there 
 was not a more useful animal in the show when she 
 was exhibited in the champion class at Birmingham 
 in 1868," and he further described her as rather 
 long in the body, and although possessing immense 
 bone, not losing one iota in quality. At the Kennel 
 Club, Cleveland-row, may be seen all that remains 
 of this grand bitch, for she is there set up in a case, 
 looking as hideous and unlike that which she was 
 in nature as " stuffed " dogs do nine times out of 
 ten. 
 
The Fox Terrier. 1 1 1 
 
 Following such dogs as the above came Tyrant 
 from Beverley, bred by Harry Adams, and shown by 
 Mr. G. Booth and others, as good a terrier as I ever 
 saw, all white, as game as they could be made, and 
 a rare sire to boot ; Venture, the famous Chance and 
 Risk, of Mr. Gamon's ; Mr. Sydenham Dixon's Quiz ; 
 Mr. Whitton's Badger all being by him, and as good 
 terriers as man need possess. Mr. Sarsfield's bitch, 
 Fussy, bred by Mr. H. C. Musters ; Mr. L. Turner's 
 Myrtle; Gadfly; Shepherd's Lille; Fan, and X. L., 
 both bred by Mr. W. Allison, then residing at Cots- 
 wold ; Satire, Pilgrim's May, Mr. Bassett's Spot, 
 Nectar, Trinket ; Mr. Chaplin's Venom, were all 
 great terriers about this time. Following them 
 came Mac II., Hornet, Bellona, Trimmer, Vanity, 
 Olive, with Foiler claimed by Mr. Gibson, of Broken- 
 hurst, at Birmingham, in 1874, for ^100, where he 
 had been placed second to Tyke, who later on, 
 though a dog with a brindled mark on his head, 
 did a great deal of winning. The latter, when 
 the property of Mr. F J. Astbury, may be said 
 to have monopolised nearly all the first prizes on 
 the show bench until the dreaded "Rattler" came 
 forward, and he, when the property of Mr. James 
 Fletcher, of Stoneclough, and under the careful 
 guidance of Mr. G. Hellewell, pretty well ruled the 
 roast, especially at the north country shows, and so 
 
12 Modern Dogs. 
 
 we are brought down pretty much to the present 
 generation. 
 
 There had been favoured strains of fox terriers 
 kept at many of the hound kennels ; Mr. Slingsby, 
 at Scriven Park, Yorkshire, had them, so had Mr. 
 Donville Poole, Marbury Hall, Shropshire ; Sir 
 Watkin Wynne, in Wales, and Lord Hill, in Shrop- 
 shire. The Rev. John Russell, too, had a good 
 strain ; Mr. Cheriton, likewise, in the West of Eng- 
 land ; Mr. Ffrance, in Cheshire ; the Rufford ; the 
 Tynedale ; the Grove ; the Old Berkeley ; Mr. 
 Farquharson in Dorsetshire ; the Duke of Beaufort, 
 the Hon. T. W. Fitzwilliam, Ben Morgan, Will 
 Goodall, George Beers, Lord Henry Bentinck, Burton, 
 Constable, in Lincolnshire ; Belvoir, Albrighton, 
 Atherton, the Duke of Rutland, and the Brocklesby 
 hunt, all had terriers of their own, which were valued 
 highly, and to them one way and another are we 
 indebted for the modern fox terrier. 
 
 One strain has, or at any rate should have, 
 improved another, until an ideal and perfect fox 
 terrier had been reached. But I am afraid the 
 result has not, so far, been quite so satisfactory as 
 it might have been. With all the material at hand 
 one would have considered it easy enough to 
 breed almost perfect fox terriers to order. Such is 
 certainly not the case, and, although the multitude 
 
The Fox Terrier. 1 1 3 
 
 of breeders have given us a large number of second 
 and third rate animals, I am almost afraid to state 
 that those really first-class are not to be found in 
 even as great numbers as was the case over twenty 
 years ago. For instance, where could we now 
 obtain two such entries of " champions " as appeared 
 at the Crystal Palace in 1870? In dogs Trimmer 
 was first, Jock, then being past his best, came second 
 to him, and behind them were Old Trap, Rival, 
 Harrison's Jocko, Tyrant, Hornet, Tartar, the 
 Marquis of Huntley's Bounce, Quiz, and, last but 
 by no means least, Old Chance. Nor were the 
 bitches much less high class. Fussy was first, 
 Themis second, Grove Nettle reserve, and following 
 were Pilgrim's Gem, the Marquis of Huntley's 
 Mischief, Nichol's Frisk, J. Statter's Kate, Sale's 
 Nectar, and Gamon's Lively. Now I think he 
 would be more than a bold man who would say he 
 could pick out a score of terriers now, at the 
 beginning of 1894, to match or equal those "giants," 
 which all appeared in one show so far back as 1870. 
 Such being the case the question comes, is fox 
 terrier breeding a failure, or is the art of successful 
 mating played out? 
 
 Exhibitors like Mr. T. Wootten, of Nottingham, 
 the late Mr. J. H. Murchison, Mr. J. Gibson, and one 
 or two others must be looked upon as the pioneers of 
 
 I 
 
1 1 4 Modern Dogs. 
 
 the race, and they have been followed by Mr. Luke 
 Turner, Leicester ; Messrs. Clarke, of Nottingham ; 
 Mr. J. C. Tinne, Mr. F. Redmond, the late Mr. 
 F. Burbidge, the Messrs. Vicary, and many others 
 whose names need not be mentioned here, for there 
 are more breeders of fox terriers in the country than 
 there are days in the year, and fashion changes in 
 terriers, if not with each season, at any rate pretty 
 regularly. 
 
 Not so long ago the cobby type found favour, now 
 the craze lies in the opposite direction, leggy, stiff, 
 stilty, flat-sided, upright shouldered dogs being very 
 much in evidence on the show bench, though I 
 should like the judges in all cases to stick to one type, 
 which they do not do. Take dogs like Mr. F. 
 Redmond's D'Orsay, his Digby Grand, and until 
 recently his Despoiler, all animals of a different type, 
 still from the same kennels, and all winners. D'Orsay 
 appears to have taken the place of Mr. Clarke's 
 Champion Result as the chief winner of his day, but 
 he is a dog I never cared for at all, his ears are 
 most indifferently carried, he is stiff and stilty, and 
 his shoulders are to my idea badly put on ; he is a 
 " corky " little dog. Digby Grand was first shown 
 by Mr G. Raper, a game, determined, hardy- 
 looking terrier of the old stamp ; a little finer in 
 muzzle and he would have been a Tyrant, still the 
 
The Fox Terrier. 1 15 
 
 best terrier of the trio. Despoiler is, on the other 
 hand, a dog with an unduly long head, small, pig- 
 like eyes, and a bad expression by no means in the 
 first rank. There have in fact been few really 
 first class fox terriers produced during the past two 
 years or so, the Vicarys, from near Newton Abbot, 
 having with few exceptions produced the best. 
 Vesuvienne was the best of them for a long time, 
 and may be so yet, but she has been followed by 
 Vengo, Venio, Vice Regal (sold to Mr. S. J. 
 Stephens, of Acton, for ^470), Vicety, and others. 
 I should say that at the present time, as has been 
 the case for three years, this Devonshire kennel has 
 been by far the most successful in producing winners, 
 and they are of a stamp likely to be as useful at 
 work as on the bench, and I know the Vicarys do 
 not pamper their dogs in any way. 
 
 However, it was Mr. J. H. Murchison, of London, 
 who gave the greatest impetus to the fox terrier as 
 a show dog, he commencing to keep a kennel on 
 a large scale about 1869. His dogs were kept at 
 Titchmarsh, Thrapston, Northamptonshire; they 
 were under the care of the late Mr. S. W. Smith, 
 who at one time had 200 fox terriers, including, of 
 course, puppies, in his kennels. For a long time 
 Mr. Murchison won almost all the leading prizes, 
 and whenever he saw or heard of a dog likely to 
 
 I 2 
 
1 1 6 Modern Dogs. 
 
 be better than any of his own, he would purchase 
 it. Trimmer, Bellona Vandal, Pincers, Old Jock, 
 Trap, Grove Nettle, all belonged to him, and the 
 three last he obtained when their show days were 
 over in order to allow them to live quietly and well 
 cared for to the end of their time. But with all 
 the money Mr. Murchison expended on his dogs, 
 it was far below the amount that has been paid to 
 found a kennel at the present time. 
 
 A short time ago an interesting note appeared in 
 the Fox Terrier Chronicle, relative to the forma- 
 tion of a kennel of terriers, and, being evidently 
 inspired, is worth reproduction. Mr. S. J. Stephens, 
 of Acton, was desirous of becoming an exhibitor 
 and breeder of prize fox terriers, and at the Fox 
 Terrier Club's Show at Oxford, in the autumn of 
 1892, he decided to purchase, if possible, the five 
 bitches, Kate Cole and Ethel Newcome, belonging 
 to Mr. J. C. Tinne ; Vicety and Valteline, from 
 Messrs. Vicary, and Pamphlet from Messrs. Castle 
 and Shannon. 
 
 " Mr. Tinne was first asked what he would take 
 for his brace of bitches, and replied, ^500. Mr. 
 Stephens offered four. Mr. Tinne then altered 
 his mind, and withdrew Kate Cole, but said he 
 would part with Ethel for ^150, and two of her 
 pups by Vis-a-vis. Mr. Stephens made another 
 
The Fox Terrier. 1 1 7 
 
 proposal, which was accepted ; he obtained one 
 pup out of this litter, and another out of a litter 
 by Stipendiary. At Shrewsbury show Mr. Stephens 
 bought Vicety and Valteline from Mr. Vicary, and 
 from Messrs. Castle and Shannon he got Pamphlet. 
 To Mr. Clouting he gave 100 for Science, which 
 won several prizes at the Crystal Palace, and 
 beat Despoiler, under Mr. E. M. Southwell. The 
 idea then occurred to Mr. Stephens that he would 
 like Stipendiary, so he wired to Mr. Taylor, of 
 Bridgnorth, for his price, which was ^200, and 
 that was promptly paid. Having now acquired 
 some good bitches, Valteline among them, and a 
 famous stud dog, Mr. Stephens thought he would 
 like a great show dog, so he did not leave Mr. 
 Vicary alone till he bought Vice Regal. The next 
 purchase was Charlton Verdict. At the last sale 
 of Mr. F. Burbidge's fox terriers in the spring of 
 1893, Hunton Justice was knocked down to Mr. 
 Stephens for ^84. He made himself a limit of 
 2000 to set up a first-rate kennel, and the last 
 time he totted down the cost of his purchases, 
 they came to a few pounds under .1800. He told 
 us himself that the first week he advertised his stud 
 dogs, he received ^40 in fees." Since that time 
 Mr. Stephens says he has had no reason to regret, 
 even from the purely pecuniary point of view, the 
 
n8 Modern Dogs. 
 
 big investment he made in fox terriers, and the fee 
 of \o he obtains for Vice Regal is almost an 
 unheard of sum where the use of a terrier is 
 concerned. 
 
 How different this is from the manner in which 
 the writer and others have formed their kennels. 
 Mine cost me about ^25 all told, and from Riot, a 
 bitch by Old Trap (or said to be), bought for ^5, 
 Crack (brother to Trimmer), purchased for ^15, and 
 the cost of a stud fee or two, I formed a very fair 
 kennel indeed, and bred dogs which did far more 
 than their share of winning, including at least a 
 couple that were about the best of their day. Crack 
 I sold for ^5 more than I gave for him, then 
 purchased Mac II. for \6, good enough to win 
 the first and cup at Birmingham, beating all the 
 cracks of the day, in 1871, got fresh blood from 
 him, and a certain amount of notoriety in addition. 
 
 But the prices of terriers have advanced since 
 that time, one worth 10 then would probably fetch 
 100 or more now, for the very reason that more 
 prizes are to be won with fox terriers, and if at 
 Birmingham and other big shows in the open classes 
 less money is offered now than then, the specialist 
 club shows make up for the deficiency with 
 supernumerary classes and special prizes. For 
 instance, at the show held at Oxford, recently 
 
The Fox Terrier. 119 
 
 alluded to, Mr. Tinne's bitch, Kate Cole, won 
 in prizes, Messrs. Vicary's (now Mr. Stephens') 
 Vice Regal took 60, and altogether about 120 
 were awarded the Vicary's in prizes to their various 
 dogs. 
 
 Again, far more fox terriers are bred now than was 
 the case twenty-five years ago, indeed, when one 
 goes carefully and seriously through the registers at 
 the Kennel Club, the figures appear to be quite 
 astounding. The regulation fee is is., but it is not 
 as a rule the custom to register a dog of any kind 
 until it is fairly well grown, and appears likely to turn 
 out good enough to keep ; so I fancy a fair average 
 to take will be, say, one in four born come to be 
 " named and entered at the Kennel Club." From 
 1880 to the middle of 1892, no fewer than 18,000 
 fox terriers were registered at Cleveland-row, and 
 assuming, as I have suggested, only one in four 
 pupped would be sent, we have a grand total of 
 72,000 fox terriers bred in a little over eleven years. 
 These are however not all, for very many more are 
 bred and reared by people who are not exhibitors- 
 dogs bred for hunting and other purposes and 
 who know nothing about shows, the Kennel Club, 
 and registration. Taking such into consideration I 
 should say that something approaching 9,000 fox 
 terriers are bred in the United Kingdom each year, 
 
120 Modern Dogs. 
 
 and it is strange so few perfect ones are bred 
 amongst these thousands. Surely there never was 
 such a popular dog, and he, unlike his noble 
 master, does not appear to become spoiled by 
 flattery, and by the adulation of the wealthy. In 
 manners he is the same he always was, his eyes 
 brighten and he springs up to attention when he 
 hears the cry " Rats ! " now when he is worth ^"200 
 just as he did when he was a comparative street dog, 
 arid worth less than a five pound note. 
 
 As I have already hinted, in appearance he 
 has changed rather ; at present he is a somewhat 
 leggy, flat-ribbed dog, and is as a rule deficient 
 in expression and character compared with what he 
 was in the early days. Still, Major How, of near 
 Gloucester, shows every now and then as terrier-like 
 dogs as the best of the older race, his Stardens 
 Sting and Stardens King to wit. Messrs. Vicary, 
 too, have many dogs abounding with character in 
 their kennels, some of them, however, higher on the 
 legs than I like. The Messrs. Clarke's champion 
 Result and their Rachel were terriers, but this 
 kennel has not produced much of note since I wrote 
 the " History of the Fox Terrier," whilst another 
 kennel, which to- my mind has produced the best 
 style of terrier of modern times, that of the late 
 Mr. F. Burbidge, is now reckoned with the " has 
 
The Fox Terrier. 121 
 
 beens." Hunton Baron, Hunton Honeymoon, and 
 Hunton Bridegroom were the best of these. 
 
 It may be well to mention here that Mr. Burbidge's 
 terriers were, consequent on the death of that good 
 sportsman once the captain of the Surrey team of 
 cricketers, sold by auction at the Agricultural Hall, 
 Islington, in the early spring of 1893, when r 3i lots, 
 including puppies, realised ^1807 6s. 6d., an 
 average of a trifle over ^13 i6s. The best prices 
 were for Hunton Justice, 80 guineas ; Hunton 
 Tartar, 135 guineas; Hunton Brisk, 70 guineas; 
 Scramble, 65 guineas, and 70 guineas for the puppy 
 Hunton Squeeze. This was the greatest sale of 
 fox terriers by auction that has yet taken place, and 
 must be considered quite successful. 
 
 Mr. F. Redmond, St. John's Wood, has been 
 particularly successful up to date with his terriers, 
 and D'Orsay, already alluded to, must have proved 
 quite a little gold mine to his owner. Mr. L. P. C. 
 Astley, Mr. G. Raper, Mr. Jordison, Thirsk, Mr. E. 
 Powell, jun., appear at the time I write to have 
 more than useful strains. 
 
 Of course there are many other admirers of the 
 fox terrier, besides those already mentioned, who 
 have and still are showing a more compact and 
 less racing-looking dog than most of our modern 
 winners Mr. J. A. Doyle, of Crickhowel, to wit ; 
 
122 Modern Dogs. 
 
 but, after all, and taking one consideration with 
 another, I do not like the stamp of winning modern 
 fox terriers so well as I did that of my early days, 
 and I know I am not quite alone in this opinion. 
 
 Whether it is worth while giving a list of what I 
 consider to have been and are actually the best of 
 the race since showing has introduced them to the 
 front, is an open question. Perhaps for future 
 reference it may be well for me to do so ; at any 
 rate, I will jot down the names of some byegone 
 notabilities, and follow them by more modern ones. 
 First and foremost come Old Jock, Old Trap, and 
 Grove Nettle ; Belgrave Joe must not be forgotten, 
 for he is one of the pillars of the <( Stud Book " ; Mr. 
 Murchison's grand bitch Olive ; Mr. Luke Turner's 
 short-tailed Spice ; Mr. James Gibson's lovely bitch 
 Dorcas ; Mr. G. Booth's Tyrant, the white game 
 terrier; Mr. J. Hyde's Buffet; Mr. W. Gamon's 
 Chance, smothered in his box when going to win at 
 Birmingham ; Messrs. Clarke's Result, and Messrs. 
 Vicary's Vesuvienne ; as good a brace as the best 
 ever bred ; Mr. W. Sarsfield's little bitch Fussy ; 
 Mr. Rawdon Lee's Nimrod and Gripper ; Messrs. 
 Clarke's Rachel; Dr. Hazlehurst's Patch; Mr. F. 
 Sale's Hornet ; Mr. J. Fletcher's Rattler the 
 " dreaded"; Mr. P. Pilgrim's May; Mr. W. N. 
 Archer's Diamond; Mr. W. Cropper's Venture; 
 
The Fox Terrier. 123 
 
 Mr. W. Allison's XL., by many considered to be 
 one of the best bitches ever shown ; and with Mr. 
 Burbidge's Bloom I consider I have mentioned the 
 best fox terriers of past generations. One or two 
 survive, but are now past their hey-day, and I 
 fancy, with the exception perhaps of Vesuvienne, 
 would not have much chance of competing suc- 
 cessfully against younger animals. 
 
 Of those at present on the bench and in their 
 prime, personally I have no hesitation in plumping 
 for Mr. F. Dyer's excellent bitch Lyons Sting, 
 although on sundry occasions she has been placed 
 much lower in the prize list than was justifiable. I 
 remember the first time she was brought out, viz., at 
 one of the London shows, she was barely in the 
 prize money, and although placed so low there were 
 men there who offered a big price for her, which both 
 then and subsequently her owner refused. Except- 
 ing that she appears to be a little stiff when in the 
 ring, I have no fault to find w r ith Lyons Sting, who, 
 in short, is equal to any fox terrier of any gene- 
 ration. Other good ones are Messrs. Vicary's 
 strong, powerful dog Venio ; Mr. E. M. Southwell's 
 Sentence ; Mr. Tinne's New Forest Ethel, and 
 Kate Cole; Mr. J. B. Dale's Deputy; Hunton 
 Honeymoon ; Mr. Twyford's Biddulph Treasure ; 
 Mr. S. J. Stephens' Vice Regal and Vengo ; 
 
124 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Mr. G. Raper's Raby Reckon ; Mr. Syke's Fylde 
 Sheriff; Mr. Astley's Dudley Stroller ; Mr. W. V. H. 
 Thomas's Compton Swell ; and Mr. T. P. Whitaker's 
 Beacon Tartress. 
 
 I think I have mentioned all the best terriers, at 
 any rate that have flourished during my time ; if 
 there are omissions, my apologies must be made 
 to the dogs and to their owners for any seeming 
 neglect. In addition to the names of celebrated 
 owners and breeders already given, the following 
 have at one time or another bred and owned terriers 
 of more than ordinary merit, and are considered to 
 know a good specimen of the race when they see 
 one : Mr. W. Arkwright, Sutton Scarsdale ; Mr. T. 
 Ashton, Leeds; Rev. C. T. Fisher, Over Kellet ; 
 Rev. Owen Smith; Mr. J. J. Pirn, Ireland; Mr. 
 J. B. Dale, Darlington ; Mr. Herbert Bright, Scar- 
 borough ; Mr. C. Burgess, Spilsby ; Mr. J. C. Coupe 
 (formerly of Doncaster) ; Mr. J. F. Scott, Carlisle ; 
 Mr. J. G. Monson, York ; Mr. Theodore Bassett, 
 Surrey; Mr. J. R. Whittle, Middlesex; Mr. A. R. 
 Wood, Capt. Frazer, Mr. F. Waddington, Durham ; 
 Mr. Jack Terry, Mr. A. Hargreaves, Mr. J. J. 
 Stott, Manchester; Mr. D. H. Owen, Shrewsbury; 
 Mr. A. Ashton, Cheshire ; the Hon. Gerald Las- 
 celles, Yorkshire ; Mr. T. Hopkinson, Grantham ; 
 Mr. Joe Forman, Mr. W. Hulse, Mr. C. E. Long- 
 
The Fox Terrier. 125 
 
 more, Messrs. Castle and Shannon, Mr. C. H. 
 Joliffe, Mr. T. Millar, Mr. F. H. Potts, Mr. G. H. 
 Procter, Mr. F. J. Astbury, Mr. W. H. Rothwell, 
 &c. In the United States of America, Mr. A. 
 Belmont, jun., has not only got together a fine 
 kennel, but in addition he imported a clever English 
 manager, German Hopkins, to look after its 
 inmates. Australia and New Zealand have proved 
 themselves thoroughly English by their importations 
 of fox terriers, and in due course we may expect to 
 find these colonies throwing down the gauntlet to 
 the old country in friendly rivalry on the show bench, 
 as they have done with such success in the cricket 
 field and on the water. Some of our French and 
 German friends have also taken kindly to the little 
 dog, and at many of the continental shows speci- 
 mens of more than average merit are continually 
 met with. 
 
 The following are the description and scale of 
 points drawn up by the Fox Terrier Club, which was 
 established in 1876, and there are several other 
 minor clubs which adopt the same. 
 
 DESCRIPTION. 
 
 11 Head. The skull should be flat and moderately 
 narrow ; broader between the ears, and gradually 
 decreasing in width to the eyes. Not much ' stop ' 
 
126 Modern Dogs. 
 
 should be apparent ; but there should be more dip 
 in the profile, between the forehead and top jaw, 
 than is seen in the case of a greyhound. The ears 
 should be V-shaped, and rather small ; of moderate 
 thickness, and dropping forward closely to the 
 cheek, not hanging by the side of the head, like 
 a foxhound's. The jaw should be strong and 
 muscular, but not too full in the cheek ; should be 
 of fair punishing length, but not so as in any way 
 to resemble the greyhound's or modern English 
 terrier's. There should not be much falling away 
 below the eyes ; this part of the head should, 
 however, be moderately chiselled out, so as not to 
 go down in a straight slope like a wedge. The 
 nose, towards which the muzzle must slightly taper, 
 should be black. The eyes should be dark rimmed, 
 small, and rather deep set ; full of fire and life. 
 The teeth should be level and strong. 
 
 " Neck, clean and muscular, without throatiness, of 
 fair length, and gradually widening to the shoulders. 
 
 " Shoulders, fine at the points, long and sloping. 
 The chest deep, but not broad. 
 
 " Back, short, straight, and strong, with no 
 appearance of slackness behind the shoulders ; the 
 loin broad, powerful, and very slightly arched. The 
 dog should be well ribbed up with deep back ribs, 
 and should not be flat-sided. 
 
The Fox Terrier. 127 
 
 " Hind quarters, strong and muscular, quite free 
 from droop or crouch ; the thighs long and powerful ; 
 hocks near the ground, the dog standing well up on 
 them, like a foxhound, without much bend in the 
 stifles. 
 
 "Stern, set on rather high, and carried gaily; 
 but not over the back, or curled. It should be of 
 good strength, anything approaching a pipe-stopper 
 tail being especially objectionable. 
 
 " Legs, viewed in any direction, must be straight, 
 showing little or no appearance of ankle in front. 
 They should be large in bone throughout, the 
 elbows working freely just clear of the side. Both 
 fore and hind legs should be carried straight forward 
 in travelling, the stifles not turning outwards. The 
 feet should be round, compact, and not too large ; 
 the toes moderately arched, and turned neither in 
 nor out. There should be no dew claws behind. 
 
 " Coat, should be smooth, but hard, dense, and 
 abundant. 
 
 " Colour. White should predominate. Brindle, 
 red, or liver markings are objectionable. Otherwise 
 this point is of little or no importance. 
 
 " Symmetry, Size, and Character. The dog 
 must present a generally gay, lively, and active 
 appearance. Bone and strength in a small com- 
 pass are essentials ; but this must not be taken to 
 
128 Modern Dogs. 
 
 mean that a fox terrier should be cloggy, or in any 
 way coarse. Speed and endurance must be looked to 
 as well as power, and the symmetry of the foxhound 
 taken as a model. The terrier, like the hound, 
 must on no account be leggy ; neither must he 
 be too short in the leg. He should stand like a 
 cleverly-made hunter covering a lot of ground, 
 yet with a short back, as before stated. He will 
 thus attain the highest degree of propelling power, 
 together with the greatest length of stride that is 
 compatible with the length of his body. Weight 
 is not a certain criterion of a terrier's fitness for 
 his work. General shape, size, and contour are the 
 main points ; and if a dog can gallop and stay, and 
 follow his fox, it matters little what his weight is to a 
 pound or so, though, roughly speaking, it may be said 
 he should not scale over 2olb. in show condition." 
 
 DISQUALIFYING POINTS. 
 
 " Nose, white, cherry, or spotted to a consider- 
 able extent with either of these colours. 
 
 " Ears, prick, tulip, or rose. 
 
 " Mmith, much undershot or overshot." 
 
 The above points and descriptions, though care- 
 fully drawn up by a consensus of authorities, are 
 somewhat conflicting, especially where it is stated that 
 the teeth should be level and strong, for later on 
 
The Fox Terrier. 129 
 
 in the disqualifying points we are told that, only 
 for being " much undershot or overshot " should 
 disqualification take place. Ninety-nine judges out 
 of a hundred will disqualify a dog however little 
 undershot he may be, and quite right too ; in- 
 stances where they have not done so have only 
 occurred where the judge has failed to notice the 
 defect. Terriers a little overshot or " pig-jawed " 
 are not so severely treated, though, of course, a 
 perfectly level mouth is an advantage. 
 
 The club has not issued a numerical scale of 
 points specially for the smooth variety, and 
 although judging thereby I believe to be a fallacy, 
 because there is likely to be as much difference of 
 opinion as to the number of points to be allowed 
 separately as collectively, the following apportion- 
 ment is to my idea about correct, although it differs 
 somewhat from those compiled by other writers. 
 
 SCALE OF POINTS. 
 
 Value. 
 Head, jaw, and ears ... 20 
 
 Neck 5 
 
 Shoulders and chest ... 10 
 
 Back and loin 10 
 
 Stern and hindquarters 10 
 
 55 
 
 Value. 
 
 Legs and feet 15 
 
 Coat 10 
 
 Size, symmetry, and 
 
 character... 20 
 
 45 
 
 Grand Total, 100. 
 K 
 
130 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Little additional is there now to be said as to the 
 smooth fox terrier, and my general experience of 
 him as a dog is, that properly trained and entered 
 he cannot yet be beaten. Of course, there are soft- 
 hearted fox terriers as there are pointers and setters 
 that may be gun-shy, but such are as much the 
 exception in one case as the other. That he is so 
 little used in actual fox hunting is a matter to 
 deplore. Some time ago, when reading that volume 
 of the Badminton Library which deals with hunting, 
 I was mightily surprised to see so little allusion to 
 terriers. Yet the writer, the Duke of Beaufort, is a 
 hunting man, one who loves to hear his hounds 
 singing in their kennels at night, and is never so 
 happy as when the favourite flowers of his pack are 
 making it warm for bold reynard across the meadows 
 of the Midlands. Terriers are only mentioned three 
 times throughout the volume in one place where 
 they are recommended as assistants to harriers when 
 trying along a hedgerow, again, as likely to be useful 
 to the earthstopper, and on a third occasion as 
 requisites for otter hunting. This neglect notwith- 
 standing, a good fox terrier can still be useful in 
 driving a fox from a drain, and our modern strains 
 might do their duty as well as the best that ever 
 ran between John o'Groats and Land's End. When 
 once properly entered, a fox terrier never seems 
 
The Fox Terrier. 131 
 
 happy until he gets it the fox driven from his 
 lurking place underground. 
 
 Much more very much more could be written 
 of the fox terrier, especially as to his work, but those 
 who think I have not said enough must refer back 
 to the " History of the Fox Terrier," already alluded 
 to. That he will do his work after game under- 
 ground goes without saying, and he has been trained 
 by one of the modern electric lighting companies to 
 assist them in a part of their business, and I cannot 
 better close my story of the fox terrier than by 
 copying the following from a London newspaper : 
 
 " The method adopted by the Crompton Electric 
 Lighting Company in laying their connections con- 
 sists in copper strips (technically known as the 
 ( strip ') conducted along the whole of their system 
 in culverts underground. It is necessary to carry 
 these strips through the culverts in lengths of about 
 100 yards each, and they are laid four abreast. 
 These strips are supported on transverse bars at 
 intervals of 10 yards. The difficulty and expense of 
 laying these strips was a serious consideration for 
 the company, until it occurred to the foreman of the 
 works that a terrier might be trained to carry a guide 
 rope along the culverts, to the end of which the 
 strip could be attached, and then easily drawn 
 through. He had in his possession a fox terrier 
 
 K 2 
 
132 Modern Dogs. 
 
 about nine months old, which he immediately began 
 to train for the business. To induce a terrier to 
 travel 100 yards underground is not such a very 
 difficult task, but it must be remembered that at 
 every 10 yards came the transverse supports, and it 
 was necessary for her to jump over these every time 
 until she could be depended upon to jump over 
 every support without fail, else she was useless for 
 the work in hand, and herein lay the great difficulty 
 in her education. However, by patience and perse- 
 verance on the part of her master, aided by the 
 naturally honourable disposition of Strip, perfection 
 was reached, and she never makes a single mistake 
 now. 
 
 " Working in the dark culverts she can be 
 implicitly trusted to assist the company in her 
 department, and has laid many miles of wires both 
 in London and Brighton. And the company, recog- 
 nising the value of a good servant, pay her fair 
 wages, which she receives every Saturday morning 
 along with other employes of the company." 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 THE WIRE-HAIRED FOX TERRIER. 
 
 MUCH contained in the preceding chapter is appli- 
 cable to the wire-haired fox terrier, for in colour, 
 make, and shape, the two ought to be identical, 
 though the one has a smooth close coat, the other 
 a hard close coat and somewhat rough. 
 
 This should be hard and crisp, not too long, 
 neither too short, but of a tough, coarse texture, 
 finer underneath, all so close and dense that the 
 skin cannot be seen or even felt, and, if possible, 
 so weather and water resisting that the latter will 
 stand on the sides like beads, and run off the whole 
 body as it is said to do, and does, off a duck's 
 back. There must not be the slightest sign of 
 silkiness anywhere, not even on the head. A curly 
 jacket, or one inclined to be so, is far better than 
 a silky one. Indeed, some of the best coated dogs 
 of this variety I have seen had more than an 
 inclination to be curly the crispest hair on the 
 human head has usually a tendency to be so, and the 
 
134 Modern Dogs. 
 
 straight hair is the softer and finer. There should 
 be some amount of longish hair on the legs, too, 
 right down to the toes, and when there is a defi- 
 ciency in the coat in this respect, one may be pretty 
 certain that some crossed strain is in the blood of 
 the animal so handicapped. In attempting to 
 produce straight coats, modern breeders have gone 
 to extremes, and, according to their nature, pro- 
 duced fine ones, of a texture like silk almost ; 
 these are, again, likely to be thin, and quite inade- 
 quate to keep out the water and -cold. Seldom 
 do we see a wire-haired terrier with so close and 
 hard a jacket as some of the otter hounds possess,. 
 or even owned by the best hard-haired Irish and 
 Scottish terriers. Straighter they may be, but 
 harder never, and what, indeed, is straightness but 
 a useless beauty mark ? 
 
 In the kennels of the Kendal Otter Hounds there 
 was a black and tan hound called Ragman, who- 
 ran nine seasons, who possessed the best water and 
 weather resisting coat 1 ever saw on any dog. 
 Without being long enough to assist him as a bench 
 hound, it was simply perfect for the purpose for 
 which it is required protection from weather and 
 water. Take down the ribs, along the back, under 
 the belly, on the head, anywhere, it was all there, 
 hard as bristles, a little softer and closer underneath 
 
The Wire-haired Fox Terrier. 135 
 
 than near the surface ; and I have seen that good 
 hound swim for two, or three, or four hours maybe, 
 come out on to the bank, shake himself, so throw 
 the water off, roll in the meadow, and in a minute 
 he would be as dry as the proverbial board. His 
 coat inclined towards curliness, and, this notwith- 
 standing, is the description of jacket that ought 
 to be found on all wire-haired terriers. I know of 
 none at the present day that possesses so good 
 a one. 
 
 In judging this variety of terrier I should, 
 without hesitation, throw out or disqualify every 
 dog with a soft coat. The class is for " wire- 
 haired " terriers, and anyone giving an award of 
 any kind to one that is not as described does a 
 triple injustice, for he dishonours the description, 
 introduces a bad type, and proves hi own incom- 
 petence. I have dwelt thus long on coat because 
 therein lies the whole difference between the two 
 great modern types of fox terriers. 
 
 From the time Dame Juliana Berners wrote of 
 terriers, the varieties, rough and smooth, have 
 grown up side by side, one man preferring the one, 
 another the other, just as is the case now. The 
 smooth variety has always been the more numerous 
 latterly the more popular, because the smarter, 
 the more thoroughbred looking animal, and besides, 
 
136 Modern Dogs. 
 
 on wet days he does not take so much dirt into 
 the house. As to gameness, Jack is as good as 
 his master, but by reason of the denser covering 
 to his skin, the wire-haired can stand the cold, 
 inclement weather of our north country climate 
 better than his cousin ; still, after all, a cross-bred 
 dog is best for the really arduous work required 
 with foxhounds hunting in a mountainous district, 
 and with otter hounds. 
 
 Some old engravers and painters have given us 
 portraits of wire-haired terriers black and tan, blue 
 grizzle and tan, pepper and salt, and of various 
 shades in red and fawn and yellow, as well as of 
 the present time orthodox white and marked with 
 fawn, or black and tan. Modern fancy has deve- 
 loped the black and tan into a new variety, whilst 
 the others, of whole colour, equally useful in every 
 way, have, except in a few instances alluded to 
 later on, gone to the wall. In various districts of 
 North Durham and Yorkshire the wire - haired 
 terriers appear to have been produced in greatest 
 numbers, but Devonshire also had them in the form 
 they were wont to be used by the Rev. John 
 Russell, a name so familiar to every sportsman 
 throughout the many countries where the English 
 language is spoken. The late " Robin Hood," 
 the Field's well-known coursing correspondent, 
 
The Wire-haired Fox Terrier. 137 
 
 told me that even in Nottingham, supposed to be 
 the home of the smooth variety, the " wire-hairs " 
 were common enough when he was a boy forty-five 
 years ago. And how visions of his early sporting 
 days rushed before him when he told me of a terrier 
 he had owned with an extraordinarily long head, 
 which came from the Quorn when Sir Richard 
 Sutton was the master. This dog was in every 
 sense a pattern of the best we see to-day, i81b. 
 weight, hard coated, strong-jawed, possessing at 
 the same time the " ferocity of the tiger" when 
 " cats " were about, and " the gentleness of the 
 dove " in the presence of his genial owner. Mr. 
 C. M. Browne (" Robin Hood") believed that a 
 majority of the Midland counties strains of wire- 
 haired terriers sprang from this dog, which became 
 the property of Mr. T. Wootton, who certainly had 
 some very good ones about twenty years later. 
 
 No further proof of the gameness of the modern 
 wire-haired terrier need be adduced than was 
 described in the columns of the Field not long ago, 
 in connection with the local otter hounds, which were 
 hunting the River Lune, near Hornby. An otter had 
 been marked in a tile drain, an ordinary drain pipe 
 indeed, and to drive him one of the hunt's terriers 
 went to ground. There was no side drain to allow 
 him to get behind the otter, and of course to draw 
 
138 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Master Lutra badger fashion was impossible. 
 However, in the end the otter was, if not actually 
 drawn, fairly driven out of his stronghold, the plucky 
 little terrier having actually fought his way under- 
 neath or over his enemy, and when once behind him, 
 made the drain so uncomfortable, that the rough- 
 and-ready notice of ejectment was acted upon. A 
 fine otter dashed out of the drain's mouth, followed 
 immediately by Turk, sadly bitten and bedraggled, 
 but by no means seriously injured. This terrier, 
 though the huntsman could give no pedigree with 
 him, was in appearance of fashionable blood a 
 good-looking little fellow, about I5lb. in weight, and 
 handsome enough to win a prfte on the show bench, 
 which he has done. Bobby Troughton, who has 
 hunted the Kendal Otter Hounds since their 
 establishment, says this dog Turk was the gamest 
 and hardest terrier he ever possessed surely a 
 glowing testimonial for a modern show animal. 
 
 I was introduced to another particularly game 
 wire-haired terrier a couple of years ago, whilst on 
 a visit to a friend at Watford. This dog, Jack 
 (Powderham Jack in the Stud Books), running about 
 the house blind and terribly scarred, evidently 
 being a favourite with his owner, Mr. W. H. B. 
 Schrieber, I inquired the history of his wounds, and 
 this was as follows : When six years old, one day 
 
The Wire-haired Fox Terrier. 139 
 
 in November, Jack was put into a badger earth 
 about 12 o'clock, and as he did not stay very long 
 in one place, seemingly hustling the badger about 
 underground, a bitch was sent in to assist him, with 
 the idea that she might corner the game. As it 
 happened there were two badgers in the earth, 
 the bitch finding one of them not far underground, 
 and near to where a trench was being dug. This 
 badger, however, shifted his position, and when the 
 bitch came out of the earth nothing, for a time, 
 could be detected of the old dog. Then he was 
 heard "baying" a long way in the earth, but as 
 evening approached and it began to grow dark, all 
 was quite quiet again. 
 
 Assistance was obtained from the neighbouring 
 village in order that Jack should be reached if 
 possible, and just as a relay of diggers arrived the 
 terrier was faintly heard not far from one of the 
 openings, and here he was found, so terribly 
 exhausted as to be almost incapable of crawling out. 
 He had been underground for six and a half hours, 
 and was of course severely bitten and torn. The 
 nature of his injuries was not however discovered till 
 next day, when, having been taken home, surgical 
 assistance was called in. The veterinarian gave 
 little hopes of recovery, as Jack was so terribly 
 punished through the lower jaw, it being likened to 
 
140 Modern Dogs. 
 
 a sieve, so full of open wounds was it, made by the 
 badger's claws. The game dog had made himself 
 a great favourite ; he was carefully nursed and well 
 cared for ; during three weeks some one sat up with 
 him nightly, and he was fed at intervals with beef 
 tea, &c., administered by the aid of a spoon held far 
 down below the tongue, as anything given in the 
 usual way flowed out through the holes the badger 
 had caused. In due course Jack recovered, but one 
 of his eyes had been bitten through, and the sight of 
 the other went, either through " sympathy " or by 
 the carbolic acid used in dressing the wounds, which 
 for a long time had seemed likely to mortify. 
 
 Now comes the extraordinary part of the story. 
 The next day Mr. Schrieber was not able to revisit 
 the earths, which had been duly blocked and stopped 
 with faggots. On the second day he returned ; a 
 terrier at once went to ground and marked ; spades 
 were requisitioned, and in due course the end of the 
 earth was reached. Here a female badger was found 
 dead and cold ; her companion whilst fighting with 
 the terrier was captured. The badger which Jack 
 had doubtless killed weighed 261b., and on being 
 skinned every bone in her chest and all her ribs were 
 found to be broken, though she showed no outer 
 marks excepting such as would be made by the 
 dog's teeth, and where the latter had bruised the 
 
The Wire-haired Fox Terrier. 141 
 
 flesh. On another occasion Jack found himself in 
 an earth between two badgers, one fighting him in 
 front, the other in the rear, but he did not flinch, 
 and, as the diggers reached their game in less than a 
 quarter of an hour, when they were safely bagged, 
 the terrier was not much the worse for his unequal 
 combat. 
 
 Powderham Jack came to Mr. Schrieber from 
 Devonshire, he being purchased from Mr. Damarell y . 
 but Mr. P. Gilbert, near Birmingham, was supposed 
 to be the breeder. In his early days he won several 
 prizes on the show bench, and when grown too wide 
 in front for the show, Mr. Schrieber obtained perhaps 
 the gamest terrier he ever owned. During little 
 more than the twelve months, from the time he went 
 to Watford to when he received the terrible injuries 
 which resulted in blindness, Jack did more than his 
 share in the capture of twenty badgers. On his 
 sire's side he was descended from Champion Broom 
 and Jack Terry's Wasp, but his dam's pedigree 
 could never be ascertained. He was never known 
 to give tongue underground unless he had either a 
 fox or badger in front of him. 
 
 Some of the earlier wire-haired terriers were 
 remarkably savage and bad tempered, or perhaps it 
 was the writer's unfortunate lot to possess such. 
 However, about seventeen years ago I had one sent; 
 
142 Modern Dogs. 
 
 me from Shropshire, which originally came from the 
 huntsman of the Albrighton hounds. Anyhow, rare 
 good-looking dog though he seemed, his excellence 
 was sadly marred by his detestable disposition. He 
 was never safe, and always as willing to growl at his 
 owner as to take a piece out of the leg of a tramp or 
 anyone else. Entered for Darlington Show at a few 
 pounds, if he was not sold I had promised him as a 
 present to a friend ; as it happened he won the first 
 prize and the special cup, and was at once claimed 
 by a well-known admirer of the breed. Avenger (the 
 dog's name) was a little high on the legs, i81b. 
 weight, straight in front and terrier-like in head, with 
 a hard jacket but not much of it. I need scarcely 
 say he did not need trimming, or " faking," to make 
 him look his best. 
 
 Owing to some cause or other, the wire-haired 
 fox terrier has occupied longer in popularising him- 
 self than the smooth-coated one. For years he was 
 without a class at any of the shows, and when he 
 became so important as to be honoured by being so 
 provided, he was relegated to the non-sporting 
 division ! Birmingham gave him his first class in 
 1872, nine years subsequent to the time when the 
 smooth variety had been prominently brought 
 forward. Some of the Stud Books have the wire- 
 haired fox terrier entered amongst non-sporting 
 
The Wire-haired Fox Terrier. 143 
 
 dogs, sandwiched between the Pomeranians and 
 Bedlingtons, and so he continued till 1875, whilst a 
 little earlier the same reference volume mixes the 
 wire-haired fox terriers with the Irish terriers. Here 
 is reason for a delay in popularisation, which 
 undoubtedly arose from the incompetence of some 
 of the judges who were asked to give their opinions 
 of the breed, and whose knowledge thereof was quite 
 on a par with what it might be with regard to white 
 elephants and crocodiles. My nerves never received 
 so severe a shock at any show as they did at Curzon 
 Hall in 1872, when the first prize for wire-haired 
 terriers was withheld through " want of merit," 
 though in the class was that reliable and undoubted 
 specimen Venture, then shown by Mr. Gordon 
 Sanderson, of Cottingham, near Hull. Mr. J. Nisbet, 
 a reputed judge of Dandie Dinmonts, gave this 
 foolish decision, which, however, did not lower the 
 dog one iota in the eyes of those who knew his 
 excellence ; and Mr. W. Carrick, of Carlisle, subse- 
 quently became his owner, and made him useful in 
 the foundation of a kennel of terriers which for 
 excellence has not yet been surpassed. 
 
 This Venture was as good a terrier of his variety 
 as I ever saw, without the slightest particle of 
 bulldog appearance, built on proper lines, with a 
 coat above the average in hardness and denseness, 
 
44 Modern Dogs. 
 
 and a head in length and quality of the best ; it was, 
 indeed, ill luck that the incompetence of the judge 
 so dishonoured him by withholding the first prize 
 and giving but the second. 
 
 Between the years 1872 and 1880 comparatively 
 few wire-haired terriers were shown at Curzon Hall ; 
 in the former year there were but two entries, but 
 later some dozen or so appeared about the average. 
 Most of the best dogs during this period came from 
 the neighbourhood of Malton in Yorkshire. Venture, 
 already alluded to, was by Kendall's Old Tip, a 
 well-known terrier with the Sinnington Hounds ; he 
 had a successful career on the show bench, and to 
 my mind was certainly the best of his variety at that 
 day. In 1874, however, the " Stud Book" contained 
 but four other entries of wire-haired terriers, and 
 with one exception they were owned by Mr. Wootton. 
 Wasp, first prize Manchester in 1873, has no sire or 
 dam given, and Mr. Gordon Sanderson appears to 
 be the only man at that day who kept the pedigrees 
 of his terriers. The wonder was that he did so, as 
 his favourites did not bring much money. For 
 instance, Venture had been shown in a variety or 
 mixed class, one in which different descriptions of 
 dogs compete against each other ; and, entered at 
 thirty shillings, he was so good as to attract 
 attention, and the man who gave seventy shillings 
 
The Wire-haired Fox Terrier. 145 
 
 for him was thought to have more money than sense. 
 However, the purchaser, Mr. Holmes, of Beverley, 
 was right, and such a dog as Venture would to-day 
 command one hundred guineas at least. 
 
 A half brother to the last-named dog was called 
 Tip, a white terrier with blue, badger-pied marks on 
 his body and head, not an unusual colour then, but 
 seldom seen nowadays. At Liverpool Show in 1889 a 
 dog named Carlisle Young Venture similarly marked 
 was benched, and Mr. Donald Graham, one of our 
 oldest supporters and best judges of the variety, 
 told me it was directly descended from Tip. The 
 latter, a peculiarly heavily muscled dog, would 
 weigh, I fancy, hard on to 2olb., he had such a 
 strong back, and powerful bone. His head was a 
 little too short, and his coat, though hard, was 
 scarcely profuse enough. His small ears and 
 determined dare-devil look out of his little dark 
 eyes, gave an amount of character that is sadly 
 deficient in the terrier of to-day, who possesses an 
 advantage only on the score of neatness. After 
 changing hands two or three times, Tip, who was 
 born in 1872, went into Mr. Shirley's kennels, 
 from whence he visited the shows and did a great 
 deal of winning, but he was always to Venture in the 
 wire hairs what Tartar had been to Old Jock in the 
 smooth variety the bull terrier of the party. 
 
 L 
 
146 Modern Dogs. 
 
 From the strains of these two dogs have sprung 
 most of the modern so-called wire-haired terriers, 
 but, unfortunately, so many crosses have been made 
 with their smooth cousins, that there is little chance 
 of to-day finding the old blood pure and uncon- 
 taminated. 
 
 There appears a semblance of strangeness that 
 the wire-haired terriers from Devonshire have not 
 been more used for show bench purposes, and by all 
 accounts some of them were as good in looks as 
 they had on many occasions proved in deeds. 
 Those owned by the Rev. John Russell acquired a 
 world-wide reputation, yet we look in vain for many 
 remnants of the strain in the Stud Books, and the 
 county of broad acres has once again distanced the 
 southern one in the race for money. But, although 
 the generous clerical sportsman occasionally con- 
 sented to judge terriers at some of the local shows 
 in the West, he was not much of a believer in such 
 exhibitions. So far as dogs, and horses too, were 
 concerned, with him it was " handsome is that hand- 
 some does," and so long as it did its work properly, 
 one short leg and three long ones was no eye-sore in 
 any terrier owned by the late Rev. John Russell. 
 
 Some of this " Russell" blood still remains in the 
 West of England, Mr. C. G. Archer, of Trelaske,, 
 Cornwall, has had it for thirty-five years or more.. 
 
The Wire-haired Fox Terrier. 147 
 
 The dogs are about i81b. in weight, bitches I5lb. to 
 i61b., white in colour with more or less black and 
 tan markings, and in work their owner says he has 
 never seen their equal with either fox, otter, or 
 badger. 
 
 To come to the more modern strain, of which it 
 has been said, and with truth, that Mr. W. Carrick's 
 Tack, born in May, 1884, is the best of his variety 
 that we have yet seen. He is a i7lb. dog, and 
 his chief defect lies in a scantiness of coat on his 
 sides and ribs, and down his legs, but what there is, 
 is of good, hard quality. Why the jacket is thin can 
 easily be judged, for his sire Trick had for his dam 
 Patch, a smooth-coated bitch by Buffet out of 
 Milly, who was likewise a smooth-coated bitch 
 descended from the Trimmer family. This Patch 
 must not be confounded with other terriers of that 
 name, as has been the case, for she was owned by 
 Mr. A. Maxwell, and was not the bitch of Mr. 
 Proctor's, that came from the same district of 
 Durham. Tack's mother was the wire-haired bitch 
 Lill Foiler, whose dam was said to be a grand- 
 daughter of J. Russell's Fuss, but whether this be 
 the case is open to doubt. Lill Foiler, too, had the 
 blood of the smooth strain in her veins, and possibly 
 to Jester, sire of Trick, a pure terrier of the old 
 stamp, he owes all his quality. Indeed, this dog 
 
 L 2 
 
148 Modern Dogs. 
 
 has been of such service in promoting the excellence 
 of at least one side of the present strain, that 
 some description of him may be given. 
 
 Jester, by Pincher out of Fan, born in September, 
 1877, was bred by Mr. S. Rawlinson, Newton Morrell, 
 near Darlington. There were three in the litter, all 
 dogs, two died in puppyhood, and, his sire being sold, 
 the alliance between him and Fan was not repeated. 
 Jester's dam came from Mr. M. Dodds, Stockton- 
 on-Tees, son of an ex-member of Parliament for that 
 borough, and not from Jack Dodds, of whom Mr. 
 A. Maxwell, Croft, purchased his favourite, and he 
 always regretted the pedigree further than sire and 
 dam could not be obtained. Pincher was a great 
 prize winner about 1869-71, and was, with Mr. 
 Donald Graham's Venom, considered the best 
 specimen of his race about that time. 
 
 Following the above came that good bitch, 
 Bramble, of Mr. G. F. Richardson's, size being her 
 only fault (she was 2olb. weight), which was the 
 common one about this period, as Balance, another 
 first-class terrier, was too big. Mr. Lindsay Hogg's 
 Topper, Jack Terry's Pincher, Mr. Colmore's 
 (Burton-on-Trent) Turk; Splinter, Teazle, Toiler, 
 were all excellent terriers, better almost than any we 
 have now, and so was Mr. R. F. Mayhew's Brittle, 
 which is now in America. 
 
The Wire-haired Fox Terrier. 149 
 
 Mr. F. Waddington's Briggs (which afterwards 
 went to Lord Lonsdale), the hero of an assize 
 trial, was perhaps a terrier second only to Carlisle 
 Tack, and Miss Miggs, Mr. F. H. Field's 
 (and Lord Lonsdale's), was by some good judges 
 supposed to be the best bitch of the variety ever 
 produced. Then Mr. W. Carrick's Vora was a great 
 favourite of mine, and so was Mr. J. W. Corner's 
 Eskdale Tzar, a little dog that excelled in eyes, 
 character, and hardness of jacket. When the above 
 were in their heyday the North had the wire- 
 hairs pretty much to themselves, for Yorkshire had 
 been one of their homes, and Mr. W. Carrick, at 
 Carlisle, and Mr. A. Maxwell, at Croft, near Dar- 
 lington, great enthusiasts in the variety, were giving 
 much attention to them and spending money on 
 them likewise. The former, however, after showing 
 a young dog called Tyro at the Alexandra Palace, 
 in 1889, when but twelve months old, which won the 
 challenge cup and other prizes to the amount of 
 92, shortly after gave up exhibiting, consequent on 
 the disqualification, six months later, of the same dog 
 for having his ears tampered with to make them drop 
 properly. This was a severe blow to the " fancy," 
 and when, some time later, Mr. Maxwell likewise gave 
 up exhibiting, the wire-haired terriers ceased for a 
 time to prosper to any great extent. 
 
150 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Mr. C. W. Wharton's Bushey Broom was placed 
 in Tyro's position, a good all-round dog, a great- 
 grandson of Topper's on the one side, and a grandson 
 of Teazle's on the other ; and Mr. Wharton showed 
 good judgment when he bought him for ^25. The 
 next good dogs to follow him were Mr. Harry 
 Jones' (Ipswich) Jack St. Leger and Jigger, two 
 characteristic terriers, brothers, and for the most 
 part their pedigree is confined to the blood of the 
 smooth variety. Jack St. Leger made his successful 
 debut at the Crystal Palace Company's first show in 
 1889, but good dog though he is, I should place him 
 a position lower in the scale than either Tack or 
 Bushey Broom. After scoring various successes with 
 his two terriers, Mr. Jones disposed of them to Mr. 
 A. E. Clear, of Maldon, Essex, who at the time I 
 write has the largest and best kennel of wire-haired 
 terriers in the country. However, I anticipate. 
 
 Other good dogs before the close of the eighties 
 were Pickering Nailer, Cavendish, Jack Frost, Barton 
 Marvel, Liffey, Lord Edward, and Quantock Nettle. 
 Nor must Filbert, better known as Pulborough 
 Jumbo, be forgotten, a black-headed dog, which after 
 being purchased for ^"7 found a new owner for^ioo. 
 He had no pedigree, was taken to be drowned as a 
 puppy ; an accident saved his life then, as another 
 mishap did a little later, when he had been sentenced 
 
The Wire-haired Fox Terrier. 151 
 
 to death by hanging to the nearest tree. However, 
 he survived to be an ornament to the show bench. 
 These wire-haired terriers were generally game, and 
 one called Ajax, to which I had given sundry prizes 
 in the North of England, I afterwards met at the 
 Sherbourne Hound Show, when exhibited under the 
 name of Lynx, by Moss, Lord Portman's huntsman ; 
 he took premier honours for terriers that had run 
 with hounds. On inquiry I learned that he was as 
 good at driving a fox out of his earth as need be 
 desired. 
 
 During the past two years I do not think wire- 
 haired fox terriers have made much, if any, headway ; 
 rather I fancy they have retrograded. Many of the 
 old exhibitors and breeders of them have dropped 
 out of the show ranks ; Mr. Percy Reid, Mr. 
 Lindsay Hogg, Mr. S. E. Shirley, Mr. Mark Wood, 
 Mr. Harding Cox, Mr. F. H. Field, Mr. Colmore, 
 and Mr. Carrick to wit. Nor have their places yet 
 been occupied. Mr. Clear gives, as already stated, 
 his kennels to the wire-haired fox terriers, and 
 so does Mr. C. W. Wharton, and in Devonshire 
 Mr. A. Damarell does likewise ; Mr. Rotherham 
 Cecil, at Dronfield, near Sheffield, had for a short 
 time a number of good terriers ; at Beverley Mr. 
 E. Welburn at times turns out some dogs of more 
 than usual excellence, and in the Darlington and 
 
152 Modern Dogs. 
 
 North Yorkshire district the strain is still kept 
 and valued highly. But, all round, the wire-haired 
 terriers now are not what they were six years 
 ago, when a team of them could, and did, compete 
 successfully against the smooths at the best of our 
 shows. Mr. Clear might bring out a good team now,, 
 but we do not know anyone else who could do so at 
 the present time. 
 
 Mr. F. Baguley, Mr. C. Burgess, Mr. C. Bartle, 
 and Messrs. Castle and Shannon, and Mr. J. Izod 
 may be mentioned as having special interest in the 
 variety to which this chapter is devoted ; and the 
 best specimens now being shown are Jack St. Leger 
 and Jigger, already alluded to ; Mr. A. J. Forest's 
 Prompter and Ebor Turmoil, Mr. A. E. dear's 
 Cribbage, Mr. W. BeacalPs Sunfield Frost; Cauld- 
 well Nailer, once owned by Mr. Harding Cox, and 
 sold at his sale for ^35 to Mr. Thurnall, his 
 present owner, who after purchasing him for less 
 than 20 had transferred him to Mr. Cox for about 
 a hundred guineas ; Mr. E. Bairstow's Rustic Marvel, 
 Mr. H. Stewart's Belle of the Ball, Mr. A. Mutter's 
 Surrey Janet (now in the United States), Rydale 
 Pattern, Daylesford Brush, Valuer, and Velocity ; but 
 not one of the above is actually in the front rank. 
 
 It may be that the continual breeding from the 
 smooth-coated variety, instead of going back to the 
 
The Wire-haired Fox Terrier. 153 
 
 old wire-haired strain, is now having its most 
 injurious effect, for, however successful a first cross 
 of this kind, or of any other kind, may be, the 
 succeeding ones seldom or never succeed. Again the 
 modern wire-haired fox terrier requires " trimming" 
 to be shown to advantage; the hair is in fact plucked 
 off his face and from other parts of the body; indeed, 
 one can scarcely say how far this " tittivating " of 
 the show dog does go. I do know that occasions 
 are not isolated where a wire-haired terrier has been 
 purchased, which in a month has grown so much 
 coat as to be scarcely recognisable under his altered 
 conditions. Of course, this cannot be laid down to 
 the " smooth cross," although it may be owing to 
 neglect in the contrary direction a few generations 
 back. It has always been a matter of regret that 
 the Kennel Club has not dealt with the " trimming" 
 or "faking" of some terriers in a high-handed 
 fashion ; as a fact some members of the Fox Terrier 
 Club have been on the point of moving the omission 
 of the wire-haired fox terriers from their books 
 solely on account of the so-called "trimming" to 
 which so many of the variety are subjected. 
 
 The club's points and description are as follows : 
 
 " The wire-haired fox terrier should resemble the 
 
 smooth sort in every respect except the coat, which 
 
 should be broken. The harder and more wiry the 
 
154 Modern Dogs. 
 
 texture of the coat is, the better ; on no account 
 should the dog look or feel woolly, and there should 
 be no silky hair about the poll or elsewhere. 
 
 " The coat should not be too long, so as to give 
 the dog a shaggy appearance, but at the same time 
 it should show a marked and distinct difference all 
 over from the smooth species. 
 
 SCALE OF POINTS. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Head and ears 15 
 
 Neck 5 
 
 Shoulders and chest ... 15 
 
 Back and loin 10 
 
 Hindquarters 5 
 
 50 
 
 Value. 
 
 Stern 5 
 
 Legs and feet 20 
 
 Coat 10 
 
 Symmetry and character 1 5 
 
 5 
 
 Grand Total, 100. 
 
 ^Disqualifying Points. i. Nose white, cherry, 
 or spotted to a considerable extent with either 
 of these colours. 2. Ears prick, tulip, or rose. 
 3. Mouth much undershot." 
 
 This description is by no means satisfactory, 
 especially so far as allowance for coat is observed. 
 The points for an actually distinguishing charac- 
 teristic are far too few, a correct coat is worth 
 20 points, and an absolutely soft one should be a 
 disqualification. Personally, I would far rather own 
 a white terrier with a " spotted" or " cherry-coloured" 
 
The Wire-haired Fox Terrier. 155 
 
 nose, and a hard close coat, than I would one with a 
 black nose and a soft coat. Indeed, there is a 
 belief in some quarters that the red-nosed dogs 
 have keener olfactory organs than have those 
 with black nostrils. I think, too, that, however 
 little the dog is undershot, he ought to be dis- 
 qualified, and one much overshot or " pig-jawed " 
 should likewise be placed at a disadvantage. How- 
 ever, it is to be supposed that descriptions of dogs, 
 like the animals themselves, can never be perfect to 
 all alike, and one honest judge's opinion is pretty 
 much as good as another honest judge's, if the 
 public can only be brought to believe so. 
 
 It is no more than human nature that there is 
 difference of opinion as to the merits or otherwise of 
 a terrier. That which may be considered an almost 
 fatal fault by one person, by another may be thought 
 of little detriment. Some judges men, too, who 
 bear a deservedly high reputation as such, will put a 
 terrier out of the prize list if it be even a trifle 
 crooked on his fore legs or slightly heavy at the 
 shoulders ; whilst another dog, narrow behind and 
 weak in loins, to my idea a far more serious failing, 
 is considered pretty well all right so long as its fore 
 legs are as straight as arrows. As a fact, there are 
 judges who have recently gone to extremes in 
 awarding honours to these so-called " narrow- 
 
156 Modern Dogs. 
 
 fronted " terriers. Such have been produced at a 
 sacrifice of power and strength. Most of these very 
 narrow-chested dogs move stifHy, are too flat in the 
 ribs, they are deficient in breathing and heart room, 
 and can never be able to do a week's hard work in 
 the country, either with hounds or round about the 
 badger earths or rabbit burrows. 
 
 A sine qua non with some persons appears to be 
 a long lean head, and jaw long enough, figuratively 
 writing, to "reach to the bottom of a pint pot." There 
 is danger, too, in an exaggeration in this direction, for 
 ninety-nine times out of a hundred the longest and 
 narrowest heads, greyhound-like in shape, are found 
 on that stamp of terrier fittest for coursing matches. 
 
 All admirers of the fox terrier must give and take 
 a little from each other, for only by so doing can 
 their favourites be produced to that perfection we 
 are all desirous of seeing attained. A general 
 uniformity of excellence must be the guide in the 
 show ring, and that man is the best judge who 
 makes his awards most nearly in accordance with 
 this rule, and is not led away by a long, narrow head, 
 beautifully coloured, or abnormally straight fore legs; 
 let him find terrier character first, and rummage out 
 minor fanciers' points afterwards. 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 THE AIREDALE TERRIER. 
 
 HERE we have the largest variety of the terrier 
 admirers of the dog have yet produced, and big 
 though he may be, our best specimens are now 
 thoroughly terrier-like in type, and perfectly free 
 from any of the hound-like appearance which at one 
 time appeared to prevail. How he was originally 
 produced there is, as usual, no record to tell, but that 
 he is a comparatively modern institution is an 
 undoubted fact. 
 
 For forty or fifty years, perhaps more, the big 
 terriers of this kind were found in some parts of 
 Yorkshire, commonest in the valley of the Aire, and 
 round about Bradford. Some of the gamekeepers 
 had them, the sporting innkeepers kept two or three, 
 and generally they were favourite dogs in the locality. 
 They were strong and useful, good at vermin in 
 the water, fond of hunting, and were by no means 
 quarrelsome even amongst themselves. I fancy 
 that at one time or another they had been produced 
 
158 Modern Dogs. 
 
 by judicious crossing with hounds and terriers, otter 
 hounds most likely. A few couple of the latter 
 and of cross-bred hounds had always been kept in 
 Yorkshire, where they were used for mart hunting, 
 once a most favourite pastime with north country 
 sportsmen, and the above crossed with some 
 ordinary dark-coloured, wire-haired terriers could 
 very easily bring about such a dog as the Airedale 
 terrier is now. 
 
 Of late years he has been most carefully bred, the 
 over-sized ears have almost entirely disappeared, 
 and in their place is a neat, drop ear quite in keep- 
 ing with the character of the dog and the work 
 he has to do, and there are few varieties of the 
 terrier that have made greater progress in popularity 
 than the one of which I write Personally, I have 
 been astonished at the number of Airedale terriers 
 I have seen in the south of England and in the 
 suburbs of the metropolis; after the fox terrier, who 
 comes first in numbers, he certainly appears to divide 
 favouritism with the Irish terrier. This is, perhaps, 
 because he is a sensible sort of dog, and too big for 
 the dog stealer to pick up and hide away in the 
 pockets of his greatcoat. Then he is not without 
 his admirers in America and on the Continent, and 
 is a special favourite in Holland and in various 
 parts of Germany. 
 
The Airedale Terrier. 159 
 
 Although he has been kept in some localities 
 (Yorkshire chiefly) for fifty years or so, it was not 
 until quite recently he was acknowledged as a distinct 
 variety. Sundry newspaper correspondence had taken 
 place about this dog, when some of his admirers called 
 him the Bingley terrier, others the Waterside terrier,, 
 but a consensus of opinion decided that he be called 
 the Airedale terrier, because he was most commonly 
 found in the valley of the Aire , which is now one of 
 the most important industrial districts in Yorkshire. 
 Birmingham provided him with a class at the National 
 Dog Show in 1883, where he was called the Airedale 
 or Waterside terrier. This dual cognomen continued 
 for two years, when the second name was dropped, 
 and he became the Airedale terrier, as he remains 
 at present. In 1886 he was given a place in the 
 Stud Book, and, unlike some later additions thereto, 
 commenced well with an entry of twenty-four, and 
 with about three exceptions all had pedigrees a 
 fact which certainly proved that they were worthy of 
 the position in which they had been placed. As I 
 have said, some of these earlier dogs had more than 
 a leaning to the hound type, but by careful selection 
 this has been entirely obliterated, and a high-class 
 Airedale is as perfect a terrier as man need desire. 
 He has a hard, close coat, long, well-shaped expres- 
 sive head, bright dark eyes, good shoulders, and I am 
 
160 Modern Dogs. 
 
 sure no dog exists that can boast of better legs and 
 feet than a good specimen of this variety, and their 
 uniformity of type is now thoroughly established. 
 That the latter is the case was in strong evidence at 
 the Crystal Palace show in October, 1891, when 
 Mr. H. M. Bryan's entry of Airedale terriers divided 
 the special honours awarded to the best team of 
 terriers in the show with Mr. Leatham's mustard 
 Dandie Dinmonts. There were eleven batches com- 
 peting, including fox, Scotch, Skye, Irish, and 
 Bedlington terriers, and the divided victory of New- 
 bold Test, Cholmondeley Briar, and Cholmondeley 
 Bridesmaid was well received, pleasing the admirers 
 of the variety immensely. 
 
 As to their gameness, opinions appear to be some- 
 what divided, and " Stonehenge," in his " Dogs of 
 the British Isles," gave them a very bad character 
 indeed, so far as courage was concerned, but I never 
 knew that their admirers claimed for them this 
 " commodity" to any extraordinary degree. One 
 correspondent wrote : " Airedale terriers are a failure. 
 The result of my experiences of them is that I find 
 them to have good noses, they will beat a hedgerow, 
 will find and kill rats and rabbits, and work well with 
 ferrets. They are good water dogs and companions, 
 possessing a fair amount of intelligence. This is 
 the sum total of their excellence. They came to 
 
The Airedale Terrier. 161 
 
 me with a great reputation for gameness, but out of 
 fourteen that I have personally tried at badger and 
 fighting with a bull terrier of 24lb., I have never 
 found one game at least, to my idea of the 
 word." 
 
 But any terrier that would do the above work 
 better than another would be worth keeping. Were 
 a dog like he of 45lb. weight or more to be 
 used at a badger he should kill the poor brute 
 instead of merely " drawing " him. I think that 
 those individuals who at Wolverhampton show about 
 1883 made a semi-public exhibition of him against a 
 badger, an animal the like of which the poor dog 
 had never seen before, were extremely badly advised. 
 As for fighting, any terrier fond of it is a nuisance to 
 his owner and to the owner of any other dog. For 
 the Airedale terrier was claimed superiority as a 
 worker of the riverside after rats, and as an 
 assistant to the gun in working hedgerows and 
 thick coppices, which, it was said, he could do 
 better than a spaniel and take up less room than 
 a retriever. 
 
 However, perhaps what Mr. E. Bairstow, of Brad- 
 ford, has written about the Airedale terrier in " The 
 Dog Owner's Annual," and which has been revised 
 for publication here, will be of interest, he being 
 one of the oldest breeders of this dog, of which I 
 
 M 
 
1 62 Modern Dogs. 
 
 need scarcely say he is a most enthusiastic admirer. 
 He says : 
 
 " This very popular terrier is now taking the front 
 rank amongst our national terriers, which it deserves, 
 because of its adaptability to almost every kind of 
 sport. If you want to go out with your gun, the 
 Airedale terrier can be trained to do the work of the 
 pointer, setter, spaniel, and retriever, or if you like 
 coursing he is all there ; as a guard and companion 
 or watchdog he has no equal in fact, he is, without 
 a doubt, the most useful dog living. He is rough, 
 hardy, and strong ; if indoors, there is no strong 
 smell from his coat or skin, as he has no dense 
 undercoat. If left outside in the most severe winter 
 weather, he is not affected by the cold ; no trouble 
 in washing, brushing, and combing, only a walk to 
 the waterside and into the water he goes, diving 
 like a duck, or breasting and swimming against the 
 stream with the strength and power of a dog double 
 his size ; never tired, working as long and as fresh 
 as any dog living. No wonder, then, that this dog 
 should become the more popular the more he gets 
 known. 
 
 " In all my experience, I never came across any 
 person who ever had an Airedale terrier over twelve 
 months who would utter one word of disparagement 
 against him. 
 
The Airedale Terrier. 163 
 
 " This breed owes its origin to the working or 
 middle class inhabitants of Airedale and surrounding 
 districts ; take Bradford as the centre, and say about 
 a 15 miles radius. About fourteen years ago, or 
 perhaps more, the local dog societies commenced 
 making classes for them, as ( waterside terriers/ at 
 their annual shows, until they at last gained the 
 highest number of classes, and the largest number 
 of entries, on some occasions upwards of 200 
 entries of Airedales at one exhibition ; in fact, the 
 large number entered at Bingley show caused the 
 surprise of a very popular dog judge, who said 
 to the committee : ' These waterside terriers are 
 very good, and seem to be constantly increasing in 
 numbers and popularity, why not give them a proper 
 name ? They are worthy of it, I am sure.' 
 
 " Everyone present acquiesced, and after much 
 discussion the name of Airedale terrier was agreed 
 upon, seeing this was the Airedale Show, and that the 
 variety was always well represented there. When 
 the new name was fixed, fresh interest was excited. 
 Other shows made classes for them, fresh com- 
 petitors entered the lists, and strong competition for 
 premier honours has now become general, and the 
 excitement and interest to be seen by the crowds 
 round the judging rings at Otley and Bingley 
 gatherings when the judges are adjudicating upon 
 
 M 2 
 
164 Modern Dogs. 
 
 the Airedale terriers exceed, in my opinion, that 
 shown in any other breed in England. I should 
 commend this sight to any fancier visiting Otley or 
 Bingley at show time, and I am certain he will be 
 surprised at the number of onlookers and the 
 amount of interest displayed. 
 
 " At the time when these dogs received their 
 present name one called Bruce was at the head 
 of the breed, and I think we might confer upon him 
 the honour of being the father of the variety. This 
 dog I sold to Mr. C. H. Mason, to take out with 
 him to America along with his noted kennel of prize 
 dogs. Bruce was the father of the dog so well 
 known as Champion Brush, this dog was blind in 
 one eye, but an excellent animal in other respects, 
 and most valuable at stud. After these we come to 
 those noted prizewinners Rover III., Tanner, Young 
 Tanner, Rustic Twig, Venom, Newbold Fritz, and 
 Rustic Lad. If shown with the dogs of to-day, 
 they would have to take a back seat ; and why ? 
 Because the breed is so very much improved, 
 all fanciers seeming to vie with each other to 
 exterminate every point foreign to terrier and terrier 
 character, and in this we must say they have been 
 most successful, and we think that no other breed 
 in England has improved so rapidly as the Airedale 
 terrier. Time was when we could find six or seven 
 
The Airedale Terrier. 165 
 
 different kinds in one class as distinct as the two 
 Poles from each other ; some light coats, some black 
 coats, some long silky hair, some smooth hair ; 
 some with light eyes, very large ears full of hound 
 character. But I am pleased to see all this changed 
 completely, and now there is greater uniformity of 
 colour, size, coat, &c., and, consequently, a much 
 nearer approach to the ideal terrier and perfect 
 dog. My terrier Rustic Kitty, at one of the Oldham 
 Shows, beat some well-known prize-winning black 
 and tan terriers for the special prize given for the 
 best black and tan terrier or Airedale terrier in the 
 show, thus proving we have Airedale terriers as 
 perfect as the old-established breed of black and 
 tan terrier. Since then, at the Crystal Palace 
 Show in 1891, the Airedale terriers divided the 
 honour of winning the cup for the best team of 
 terriers in the show, beating the fox terriers, 
 Irish terriers, and other more popular breeds. 
 This, I think, speaks volumes for the quick and 
 vast improvement of this variety. I may here, in 
 passing, just mention a few of the best of the 
 present day : Newbold Rush, Newbold Test, Nor- 
 wood Rover, Colne Crack, Cholmondley Bonds- 
 man, and Briar, Victress, Queen Lud, Rustic Flora, 
 Rustic Kitty, Rustic Triumph, Frodsham Yeoman, 
 and Jerry II. 
 
1 66 Modern Dogs. 
 
 " A description of the ideal and perfect Airedale 
 terrier may be interesting. Weight : Dogs, 35lb. to 
 45lb. ; bitches, 3olb. to 4olb. Build square, same 
 length as height, head long and straight, muzzle 
 strong and powerful before the eye, eyes very small 
 and dark, ears V-shaped, medium size (on the small 
 side if anything), and carried well, pointing to the 
 eye, and set nearly on top of skull, not allowing too 
 much space on the top of the skull between the 
 ears, skull flat on top without dome, neck well 
 defined and strong, shoulders not loaded or heavy, 
 chest deep and narrow, fore legs straight as gun 
 barrels, with plenty of bone, feet well drawn together, 
 small with a good pad underneath, body short, ribs 
 well sprung and rounded, loins strong, hams and 
 second thighs must be full, powerful, and muscular, 
 tail docked and set on moderately high and carried 
 nearly erect, coat very strong, dense, and wiry, 
 laying well to the body, colour dark badger grizzle 
 on back and neck, thighs, legs, head, chest, and ears 
 a deep tan, teeth must be perfectly level and white, 
 nose black ; action must be free and showy, as if 
 always on the alert and never tired. If you ever 
 come across such a one as described above, and 
 get possession of it, you can reckon yourself the 
 owner of the best Airedale terrier living, because up 
 to the present such a one is still unknown, and we 
 
The Airedale Terrier. 167 
 
 think would be considered perfect by all true terrier 
 fanciers. I think the nearest approach to the ideal 
 terrier is Vixen III., the property of Mr. E. N. 
 Deakin, and Rustic Kitty, belonging to the Airedale 
 Terrier Kennels, Bradford. These are both terriers 
 built on the same lines, and very much alike, in 
 fact, as near alike as any two Airedales living of any 
 note. 
 
 " It would perhaps be as well to mention here, 
 that when Airedale terriers proper are born they 
 resemble the smooth black and tan terrier in coat 
 and colou^ having a black, glossy, smooth coat, and 
 tanned legs, with dark heads ; and during their 
 growth from puppyhood to fully-developed adult 
 dogs, their coats and colour undergo as radical a 
 change as their limbs and body, the black colour 
 leaving the heads and giving place to a deep tan, 
 and the hair on back getting stronger, longer, and 
 more dense. I have come across many cases where 
 there have been whole litters destroyed immediately 
 after their birth, under the impression that they 
 were so many mongrels, and worthless, having black 
 heads and smooth coats. Another experience of 
 mine, which may be of use to the amateur, is the 
 explanation of the badger grizzle coat we desire in 
 the Airedale terrier. If you notice, some .of the 
 younger Airedale terriers that are now winning 
 
1 68 Modern Dogs. 
 
 prizes at our principal shows are to all appearance 
 black coated, and you, of course, wonder where 
 the badger grizzle comes in ; pull out a few of 
 the supposed black hairs you will notice at once 
 that one half of each hair is black and the other 
 half grey, or two distinct colours on each hair ; 
 and this is the reason such coats are called badger- 
 grizzled. 
 
 " This can easily be verified by the examination 
 of a badger hair shaving-brush, which you will find 
 exactly as I say, each hair having two distinct 
 colours. This peculiarity has misled a lot of 
 amateurs. I remember in particular a rather 
 amusing incident which occurred not long ago. 
 A particular friend of mine sold an Airedale 
 terrier to a gentleman of position. He had the dog 
 on approval, and liked him very much. A few 
 weeks later he wrote saying that he was delighted 
 with the dog, and liked him better every day. 
 Shortly after this my friend received another letter 
 from this gentleman making some very serious 
 imputations against him, saying that he had dyed 
 the dog's coat black, and enclosing some hair black 
 at one end and grey at the other as proof, and 
 threatening to take criminal proceedings against him 
 for fraud. My friend was of course very much 
 upset, but I explained to him that all Airedale 
 
The Airedale Terrier. 169 
 
 terriers were like that. He had never noticed it 
 himself before. 
 
 " He wrote at once to the gentleman making a 
 full explanation, and sent hair pulled from Rustic 
 Kitty's back as proof. The gentleman replied to 
 my friend acknowledging his mistake through 
 ignorance, apologised profusely for his haste, and 
 explained that a dog fancier in their town had 
 misled him, and plucked the hair from the dog's back 
 showed him the hairs black at top and grey at the 
 bottom to prove the coat had been dyed black." 
 
 I have quoted somewhat freely from what Mr. 
 Bairstow has written because he has had as much 
 experience as any man of the Airedale terrier, and 
 his writing thereon is of the practical character I 
 like. He, with Mr. E. N. Deakin, Mr. J. H. Carr, 
 Mr. W. Tatham, Mr. C. J. Whittaker, Mr. H. M. 
 Bryans, Mr. J. B. Holland, Mr. E. R. Bouch, and 
 Mr. J. C. Keg, of Amsterdam, have at one time or 
 another had the finest specimens in their kennels. 
 Several of them were exhibitors at the autumn show 
 of the Kennel Club in 1893, when for quality the 
 classes of Airedale terriers had never previously been 
 equalled at a south country show. At Otley and 
 Bingley the entry has been exceeded numerically, 
 but most of the promising young dogs make a 
 first appearance at such local shows, and later on 
 
Modern Dogs. 
 
 attain their championships at the more important 
 gatherings in London, Birmingham, and else- 
 where. 
 
 Some time ago there was considerable dissatis- 
 faction expressed in some quarters because a con- 
 siderable amount of unfair trimming was perpetrated 
 upon the Airedale terrier. Of late we have not had 
 much of this, and I hope, what I believe to be the 
 case, that this terrier is now bred so as to require 
 little or no artificial aid to improve his appearance. 
 There is a club to look after his welfare, but this 
 in its present form was only established in 1892, the 
 earlier club being called the " Airedale and Old 
 English Terrier Club." 
 
 The following is the standard laid down by the 
 Airedale Terrier Club for the assistance of breeders 
 of these terriers : 
 
 " Head. Long, with flat skull, not too broad 
 between the ears, and narrowing slightly to the 
 eyes, free from wrinkles. 
 
 " Stop. Hardly visible, and cheeks free from 
 fulness. 
 
 <( Jaw. Deep and powerful, well filled up before 
 the eyes ; lips tight. 
 
 " Ears. V-shaped, with a side carriage ; small, 
 but not out of proportion to the size of the dog. 
 
 " AW. Black. 
 
The Airedale Terrier. 171 
 
 "Eyes. Small, and dark in colour, not pro- 
 minent, but full of terrier expression. 
 
 " Teeth. Strong and level. 
 
 " Neck. Should be of moderate length and 
 thickness, gradually widening towards the shoulders, 
 and free from throatiness. 
 
 "Shoulders. Long, and sloping well into the 
 back, shoulder blades flat. 
 
 " Chest. Deep, but not broad. 
 
 a Body. Back short, strong, and straight ; ribs 
 well sprung. 
 
 l( Hindquarters. Strong and muscular, with no 
 droop. 
 
 11 Hocks. Well let down. 
 
 " Tail. Set on high, and carried gaily, but not 
 curled over the back. 
 
 " Legs. Perfectly straight, with plenty of bone. 
 
 " Feet. Small and round, with a good depth of 
 pad. 
 
 " Coat. Hard and wiry, and not so long as to 
 appear ragged ; it should also lie straight and close, 
 covering the dog well all over the body and legs. 
 
 (( Colour. The head and ears (with the exception 
 of dark markings on each side of the skull) should 
 be tan, the ears being of a darker shade than the 
 rest, the legs up to the thighs and elbows being 
 also tan, the body black or dark grizzle. 
 
172 
 
 Modern Dogs. 
 
 " Size. Dogs 4olb. to 45lb. weight ; bitches 
 slightly less." 
 
 NUMERICAL POINTS (Nox THE CLUB STANDARD). 
 
 Value. 
 
 Head, ears, eyes, mouth 20 
 Neck, shoulders, and 
 
 chest 10 
 
 Body 10 
 
 Hindquarters and stern 5 
 
 Value. 
 
 Legs and feet 15 
 
 Coat 15 
 
 Colour id 
 
 General character and 
 expression 15 
 
 45 55 
 
 Grand Total, 100. 
 
 White marks or patches on the body, &c., and an 
 uneven mouth, either overshot or undershot, should 
 be absolute disqualifications. 
 
i 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 THE BEDLINGTON TERRIER. 
 
 IT is little more than a quarter of a century since 
 public attention was first attracted to the Bedlington 
 terrier, which originally I take to have been at any 
 rate second cousin to the Dandie Dinmont. Both 
 had their origin amongst the sporting men on the 
 English side of the Border ; in many respects the 
 two varieties resemble each other, and, from what 
 one has been told, this resemblance was much greater 
 fifty years ago than it is now. That they are not 
 very far apart at present may be inferred from the 
 fact that some eight years or so ago, at one of 
 the south country shows, the Earl of Antrim exhibited 
 two terriers from the same litter, one of which won 
 in the Dandie Dinmont class, the other receiving 
 an honorary award in the division for Bedlington 
 terriers. 
 
 Much has been written as to the early history of 
 the Bedlington terrier ; how its pedigree could be 
 traced back for a hundred years or more, and how 
 
174 Modern Dogs. 
 
 the miners round about Bedlington a village in 
 Northumberland, from which the dog takes its name 
 trained the best specimens, and would not dispose 
 of them for " untold gold." That he was a game, 
 useful terrier goes without saying, or he would not 
 have survived ; but, like others of his race, he was 
 the result of judicious crossing with local dogs, and 
 did not owe his origin, or any part of it, to foreign 
 importation. 
 
 It is most unpatriotic for writers on canine matters 
 to fly back for the origin of our best dogs to foreign 
 countries. Even this has been done with the Bed- 
 lington, as was the case with the Dandie Dinmont 
 terrier. The latter was said to have got its crooked 
 fore legs and peculiar shoulders from a cross with 
 the German dachshund, the writer to that effect for- 
 getting that what would produce it on the one would 
 do so on the other, viz., a long heavy body, too much 
 for the little legs to support without giving way under 
 its weight. Of the Bedlington, it was said that the 
 strain had been brought, about the year 1820, from 
 Holland by a weaver who settled near Longhorsley ; 
 but all the Holland there has been about him was 
 that Mr. Taprell Holland was one of his great 
 supporters twenty-four years ago, and a leading 
 exhibitor of the variety in its earlier days. 
 
 In the Field, 1869, there was a capital illustration 
 
The Bedlington Terrier. 175 
 
 of two Bedlington terriers, belonging to Mr. Holland, 
 named Peachem and Fan; the former 2ilb. in 
 weight, the latter i5lb. The character given these 
 two dogs and others of the same strain was so high 
 that inquiries were then made as to their history, 
 and these resulted in the publication of all that 
 could be obtained of the history of this variety. 
 Little, however, appears to have been known of 
 them out of their own locality, but that they had 
 claims to be quite distinct from other terriers was 
 at once allowed, and thus their popularity to a 
 certain extent followed. A correspondent in 1869 
 wrote in the Field : 
 
 11 This valuable dog was first brought over the 
 Border from Hawick, about seventy or eighty years 
 ago, by Mr. Luke Cowney ; from him Mr. Selby, of 
 Biddlestone, got the breed ; and from thence a few 
 were brought to Morpeth by Mr. Cowney's son, 
 where they first became more general. Bedlington, 
 which is close to Morpeth, was a noted place for 
 dog fanciers, and they soon bred a large number of 
 these terriers, and they quickly spread all over the 
 country ; hence the name they now have of 
 Bedlington. They are pretty general in the district 
 between the Coquet and the Tyne, but have been 
 bred in and in to a damaging extent, hence no 
 doubt the delicacy sometimes alluded to, although 
 
176 Modern Dogs. 
 
 under any circumstances they are delicate feeders. 
 They are very speedy and enduring dogs, and are 
 greatly valued by the pitmen for rabbit coursing and 
 dog racing ; they are sharp dogs with ferrets, and 
 are very plucky, and will work an otter famously, 
 giving good tongue quite a hound's voice. I 
 cannot imagine a more useful dog, and they are 
 invaluable for keeping rabbits down in young planta- 
 tions. The following are, I believe, the main points 
 of a true Bedlington : muzzle fine, longish, and rather 
 pointed ; flesh-coloured nose ; ears drooping and 
 lying close to the head ; eyes close to one another, 
 hazel or reddish-coloured and small ; the hair on top 
 of head much finer than coat, and lighter in colour ; 
 they are long in the leg, with straight toes, well split, 
 long, and turned out, often one more so than the 
 other; they stand about from I4^in. to I5in. at the 
 shoulder ; shoulder blades at the top well apart ; the 
 barrel large and chest deep ; tail fine and pointed, 
 but covered with wiry hair ; the coat is fine, but not 
 silky, and rather thin ; their colour is very much that 
 of dressed flax, with sometimes a little more red in 
 it. From the texture and colour of the coat, they 
 are also called the linty-haired terrier." 
 
 With a character such as the above there is no 
 wonder that there came a run on the Bedlington 
 terrier, though some correspondents had written of 
 
The Bedlington Terrier. 177 
 
 him as a dainty feeder and a " bad doer" generally, 
 which in many cases he remains to the present day. 
 Following the above came other communications, all 
 pretty much to the same effect, and great praise was 
 given to a dog known as Ainsley's Piper, which lived 
 between 1820 and 1830, and claimed by many to be 
 the best of his race. This dog had attained a 
 reputation for great pluck and courage. He was 
 entered to badger when but eight months old, and 
 from that time until he was almost blind was fully 
 employed with the otter, fox, foulmart, badger, and 
 vermin of all kinds. When fourteen years of age, 
 grey and toothless, he drew a badger which other 
 terriers had failed to move, but shortly before this 
 old Piper was a hero in another quarter. In 1835 
 Mrs. Ainsley was in the harvest field and had left her 
 four months old baby in a basket under the hedge 
 with old Piper in charge. A ferocious sow came 
 prowling around when the labourers were out of 
 hearing, and attempted to get at the child, which 
 no doubt pig-like it would have devoured. But 
 Piper would allow nothing of the kind, and kept 
 the creature at bay until assistance came, and the 
 grunter, much against its will, was driven off to 
 the stye, shortly afterwards to be destroyed. It 
 was always believed that Piper saved the baby's 
 life, and so the poor old dog was duly cherished, as 
 
 N 
 
178 Modem Dogs. 
 
 were all his progeny, for the canny Northumbrians 
 loved their children as well as they did the sport 
 given them by their dogs. Piper was fifteen years 
 old when he died, and to this day his name and 
 blood are valued in the pedigrees of the Bedlington 
 terrier. 
 
 In 1869 the following interesting and valuable 
 history of this breed appeared in the Field, and has 
 been copied since without proper acknowledgement : 
 
 " Owing to the interest lately evinced in the 
 Bedlington terrier in the pages of the Field, I am 
 encouraged to contribute my quota of information. 
 But, as I find myself in opposition to most of your 
 previous correspondents, I had better first give you, 
 sir, and through you the public, the guarantee of 
 one who has made the acquaintance of the breed 
 in its native district. I am also supported by the 
 high authority of Mr. Joseph Ainsley, the first owner 
 and breeder of the Bedlington terrier proper. Mr. 
 Thomas Sanderson, too, a breeder of forty years' 
 standing, has given me the benefit of his extensive 
 experience ; and I could name others who have bred 
 and owned this dog for twenty and thirty years 
 respectively. 
 
 " To make myself understood, I find it necessary 
 to premise that during the first quarter of the 
 present century Mr. Edward Donkin, of Flotterton, 
 
The Bedlington Terrier. 179 
 
 hunted a pack of foxhounds well known in the 
 Rothbury district. At that time he possessed two 
 very celebrated kennel terriers, Peachem and Pincher, 
 which are alluded to in the pedigree below. A 
 colony of sporting nailors then flourished at Bed- 
 lington, who were noted for their plucky breed of 
 terriers. But a reform was at hand, and the old 
 favourites were obliged to make way for new blood. 
 To Joseph Ainsley, a mason by trade, belongs this 
 honour. He purchased a dog named Peachem of a 
 Mr. William Cowen, of Rothbury ; and the result of 
 a union of this dog with Mr. Christopher Dixon's 
 Phoebe, of Longhorsley, was Piper, belonging to 
 James Anderson, of Rothbury Forest. Piper was a 
 dog of splendid build, about I5in. high, and islb. 
 weight ; he was of a liver colour, the hair being a 
 .sort of hard woolly lint ; his ear was large, hung 
 close to the cheek, and was slightly feathered at the 
 tip. 
 
 " In the year 1820 Mr. J. Howe, of Alnwick, 
 visited a friend at Bedlington, and brought with him 
 a terrier bitch named Phoebe, which he left with Mr. 
 Edward Coates, of the Vicarage. Phoebe belonged 
 to Mr. Andrew Riddell, of Framlington, who sub- 
 sequently made a present of her to Ainsley ; but, 
 from the fact of her home being at the Vicarage, 
 she was generally known as " Coates's Phoebe." 
 
 N 2 
 
180 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Her colour was a black or black-blue, and she had 
 the invariable light-coloured silky tuft of hair on her 
 head. She was about I3in. high, and weighed i/j.lb. 
 In 1825 she was mated with Anderson's Piper, and 
 the fruit of this union was the Bedlington terrier in 
 question. Of the sagacity and courage of Ainsley's 
 Piper ; one of their offspring, a volume might be 
 written, and to submit a list of the best known 
 specimens would be tedious. There were Ainsley's 
 Crowner, Jin, Meg, and Young Phoebe, the Bow 
 Alley dog, Rinside Moor House dog, Angerton 
 Moor House dog, Ainsley's Ranter (of Redheugh, 
 Gateshead), Coates's Peachem, Weatherburn's 
 Phcebe, Hoy's Rocky, Fish's Crib, and, in short, a 
 host of good and tried ones. 
 
 11 The old and true breed is now scarce, and there 
 are few indeed, even in Northumberland, able to 
 furnish a reliable pedigree of the original doughty 
 specimen. In some instances the cross with the 
 otter hound has been indulged in, but the result was 
 disappointment. The bull strain has been intro- 
 duced, it is supposed, for fighting purposes ; and 
 for rabbit coursing the ' leggy ' beast has been 
 bred ; but one and all diverge from the original, 
 either in size, shape, or some other important 
 particular. 
 
 "The model Bedlington should be rather long 
 
The Bedlington Terrier. 181 
 
 and small in the jaw, but withal muscular ; the head 
 high and narrow, and crowned with the tuft of silky 
 hair of lighter colour than that on the body ; the 
 eyes small, round and rather sunk, and dull until 
 excited, and then they are ( piercers ' ; the ears are 
 filbert-shaped, long, and hang close to the cheek, 
 free of long hair, but slightly feathered at the tips ; 
 the neck is long, slender, and muscular, and the 
 body well-proportioned, slender, and deep-chested ; 
 the toes must be well arched, legs straight, and 
 rather long in proportion to the height, but not to 
 any marked extent ; the tail varies from Sin. to 1 2in. 
 in length, is small and tapering, and free of feather. 
 The best, and indeed only true, colours are first, 
 liver or sandy, and in either case the nose must be 
 of a dark brown flesh colour ; or, secondly, a black- 
 blue, when the nose is black. 
 
 11 The Bedlington terrier is fast, and whether on 
 land or in water is equally at home. In appetite 
 these dogs are dainty, and they seldom fatten ; but 
 experience has shown them to be wiry, enduring, 
 and in courage equal to the bulldog. They will 
 face almost anything, and I know of a dog which 
 will extinguish a lighted candle or burning paper at 
 its master's bidding. To their other good qualities 
 may be added their marked intelligence, and 
 hostility to vermin of all forms and names. They 
 
1 82 Modern Dogs. 
 
 will encounter the otter, fox, or badger with the 
 greatest determination. Hitherto they have been 
 regarded as a pure, though distinct, breed of terrier, 
 and it was with some surprise that I found one of 
 your correspondents write them down a ' cross- 
 breed.' 
 
 " The ' linty-haired/ ( flaxen-coloured ' terrier is 
 common enough, but then he was never promoted 
 to the dignity of a ' Bedlington terrier,' except 
 through courtesy. The breeding in and in alluded 
 to is condemned as injurious beyond one strain. 
 
 " The following pedigree of Ainsley's Piper may 
 be desirable as proving the facts contained in this 
 letter : Ainsley's Piper by James Anderson's Piper, 
 of Rothbury Forest, out of Ainsley's Phcebe, alias 
 Coates's Phoebe ; Anderson's Piper, by Ainsley's 
 Peachem out of Christopher Dixon's Phcebe, of 
 Longhorsley ; Peachem, by Cowen's Burdett out of 
 David Moffitt's bitch, of Howick ; Dixon's Phcebe, 
 by Sheawick's Matchem, of Longhorsley, out of 
 John Dodd's Phcebe, of the same place ; Matchem, 
 by Mr. Edwd. Donkins's Pincher, of Flotterton, out 
 of William Wardle's bitch, of Framlington ; Dodd's 
 Phoebe, by Donkin's Old Peachem out of Andrew 
 Evans's Vixen, of Thropton ; Vixen, by the Miller's 
 dog, of Felton, out of Carr's bitch, of Felton Hall. 
 Ainsley's Old Phoebe was by the Rennington dog out 
 
The Bedlington Terrier. 183 
 
 of Andrew Riddell's Wasp, of Framlington ; Wasp, 
 by Wm. Turnbull's Pincher, of Holystone, out of 
 W'illiam Wardle's bitch ; Pincher, by Donkin's Old 
 Peachem out of Turnbull's Fan ; Fan, by Myles's 
 Matchem, of Netherwitton, by Squire Trevelyan's 
 Flint. Donkins's Pincher, by Donkins'sOld Peachem 
 (continued from Ainsley's Piper). Ainsley's Crowner, 
 by owner's Piper out of owner's Meg ; Meg, out of 
 Jin (own sister to Piper), by Robert Bell's Tugg, 
 of Wingates ; Tugg, by Robert Dixon's Dusty, of 
 Longhorsley, out of a bitch of the Makepiece breed, 
 presented to J. Ainsley by John Thompson." 
 
 Certainly not before 1825 was the name Bed- 
 lington given to the breed, although Major 
 Cowan wrote to " Stonehenge " and forwarded him 
 a pedigree of the blue and tan dog Askem II., which 
 went back as far as 1782, but, as the learned author 
 of (( Dogs of the British Isles " said, there was no 
 proof that the earliest strain possessed the same 
 characteristics as the modern dog. However, the 
 pedigree was there traced back to Squire Trevelyan's 
 Old Flint, pupped in 1782. But it was not because 
 of his lineage that the Bedlington terrier became 
 popular; this was due to his adaptability as a com- 
 panion and his general usefulness as an all round 
 dog. 
 
 The first show to have classes for this terrier was 
 
184 Modern Dogs. 
 
 that at Bedlington in 1870, but following there was 
 one at the Crystal Palace in 1871, when Mr. H. 
 Lacey took first with his red dog Miner, a great 
 winner at early shows, the remaining prizes being 
 taken by Mr. S. T. Holland's Procter, Lassie, and 
 Jessie. Birmingham had given them one class the 
 year before, where Miner also won ; and following, 
 the late Mr. T. Pickett, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, who 
 had kept the breed for many years, introduced his 
 little blue bitch Tyne and his dog Tyneside, which 
 had long and successful careers. 
 
 Although there seemed to be some little difference 
 of opinion occasionally as to the exact form a good 
 Bedlington terrier should take, he appears to have 
 escaped those peculiar newspaper controversies with 
 which so many dogs had been favoured. Nor was 
 he any the worse for that. Some judges had set 
 Tyne down as a bad one ; others had lauded her up 
 to the skies the only thing bad about her was her 
 temper, for she was as treacherous a dog on the 
 bench as ever entered a show. In 1875 the Bed- 
 lington Terrier Club was established, but whether 
 that body has done much for the popularisation of 
 the breed is another question. That it has not 
 taken a high place in public estimation is undoubted, 
 and the reasons for this are not far to seek. 
 
 Unfortunately, so far as the show bench is 
 
The Bedlington Terrier. 185 
 
 concerned, the Bedlington terrier requires a con- 
 siderable amount of " trimming " that is, he is not 
 sent into the ring with his coat quite in the natural 
 condition nature produced it. " Plucking" is carried 
 on to a great extent, and so highly do " fanciers " 
 value the correct blue colour and the light hue on 
 the top of the head that certain of them go so far as 
 to dye or stain their dogs. Then most of the judges 
 either altogether fail to detect this deceit or tacitly 
 wink at it anyhow the custom was particularly 
 common two or three years ago, and no doubt similar 
 instances can be found to-day at any of our big shows. 
 Then the Bedlington terrier is rather fond of fighting, 
 and not being a particularly elegantly shaped dog 
 he is not valued highly on that account ; nor is 
 he unshapely, crooked-legged, and big-headed to 
 the extent of being admired and run after for his 
 very ugliness. He is, however, a useful dog in the 
 country, but jealous in temperament where other 
 dogs are concerned, and a terrible foe when he is 
 that way inclined. An old gamekeeper of my 
 acquaintance owned a red Bedlington dog, about as 
 good at rabbits and vermin as any animal I ever 
 saw. He would distinguish between a hare and a 
 rabbit, never moving a yard after the former ; the 
 latter he would either catch or run to ground. He 
 would not hunt with any other dog, and a stranger 
 
1 86 Modern Dogs. 
 
 he always seized by the throat and pretty nearly 
 killed. I have had no experience in prize-fighting 
 dogs, but I think that this dog was about fit to 
 kill any other dog of his weight, which would be 
 some 2olb. or so. 
 
 He is a more active dog than the Scotch terrier 
 or Dandie Dinmont, and in reality is perhaps the 
 smartest and quickest of all our terriers. As a 
 water dog no terrier can surpass him, and few equal 
 him. Some years ago there were trials for water 
 dogs at a show held by the now defunct British 
 Kennel Association, at the Aston grounds, Bir- 
 mingham. In one competition the dogs had to 
 rescue and bring from the water a " dummy corpse"; 
 in the other the trial was for speed alone. No dog 
 did better work than Mr. A. Holcroft's Bedlington 
 terrier Nailor, who was awarded not only third prize 
 as a " life saver," but an equal second for pace, in 
 which as a fact he was pretty nearly as good as the 
 late Mr. BagnalPs well-known Landseer Newfound- 
 land Prince Charlie. Nailor was, besides, a repeated 
 prize winner on the bench at this time, about 1882. 
 
 Nowadays the prevailing and fashionable colour is 
 blue ; some of the best of the earlier dogs were pale 
 red, with yellow eyes and red nose ; others were 
 brown or liver-coloured, and some few were blue 
 and tan ; the latter colour I never liked, though 
 
The Bedlington Terrier. 187 
 
 perhaps early in the century it was most valued of 
 all. This dog is still kept amongst the sporting 
 pitmen and others, in and round about Newcastle, 
 in considerable numbers, and at the shows in the 
 north the classes are, for the most part, best filled. 
 But the north country miner can seldom see any 
 dog better than his own, and there is always more 
 grumbling about the awards amongst the Bedling- 
 tons than ordinary people like, and strong words 
 are not always sufficient to end the dispute. I 
 fancy that nothing would satisfy some of the owners 
 excepting each won the first prize and the special cup. 
 Newcastle has now the best show, and at Darlington, 
 not far away, there is usually a good entry, as there 
 often enough is at the smaller and more local shows 
 in the north. 
 
 The support some of the southern judges receive 
 may be inferred from the fact that at the most 
 recent show of the Kennel Club, that in 1893, 
 although the club offered their twenty-five guinea 
 challenge cup, and there were other specials, and 
 four classes, but four exhibitors sent dogs, nine 
 being all that were benched. Mr. W. E. Allcock, 
 of Sunderland, who has a very large kennel of 
 Bedlington terriers, won a majority of the prizes. 
 Other great admirers and exhibitors of the breed 
 just now are Mr. A. Hastie, Newcastle ; Mr. F. 
 
1 88 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Roberts, Cardiff ; Mr. P. Turner, Wavertree ; Mr. 
 J. A. Baty, Mr. C. T. Mailing, Mr. H. E. James 
 (Devonshire), whilst Mr. J. Cornforth, and Mr. D. 
 Ross have from time to time had Bedlington terriers 
 as good as the best ; some of Mr. Baty's dogs and 
 Mr. Cornforth's being particularly excellent. 
 
 The Bedlington terrier is not an expensive dog to 
 buy, as a first-class specimen may be obtained 
 at prices varying from \o to 20, or even as low 
 as a five pound note. When we remember that 
 quite a third-rate fox terrier has before now been 
 sold for three hundred pounds, one wonders where 
 the difference comes in. But fashion is accountable 
 for it, and the Bedlington is not a dog that has 
 changed much in character or form since its intro- 
 duction to the public. 
 
 In 1870 Mr. Joseph Ainsley gave him the follow- 
 ing description : 
 
 " Colour. Liver, sandy, blue, black and tan. 
 Shape. The jaw rather long and small, but 
 muscular ; the head high and narrow, with a silky 
 tuft on the top ; the hair rather wiry on the back ; 
 eyes small and rather sunk ; the ears long and 
 hanging close to the cheeks and slightly feathered 
 at the tips ; the neck long and muscular, rising well 
 from the shoulders ; chest deep but narrow ; the 
 body well proportioned, and the ribs flat; the legs 
 
The Bedlington Terrier. 189 
 
 must be long in proportion to the body ; the thinner 
 the hips are the better ; tail small and tapering and 
 slightly feathered. Altogether they are a lathy- 
 made dog." 
 
 The following is the description issued by the 
 Bedlington Terrier Club : 
 
 " Skull. Narrow, but deep and rounded ; high at 
 occiput, and covered with a nice silky tuft or top-knot. 
 
 " Jaw. Long, tapering, sharp, and muscular ; as 
 little stop as possible between the eyes, so as to 
 form nearly a line from the nose-end along the joint 
 of the skull to the occiput. The lips close-fitting 
 and no flew. 
 
 " Eyes. Should be small, and well sunk in head. 
 The blues should have a dark eye. The blue and 
 tan ditto, with amber shade. Livers, sandies, &c., 
 a light brown eye. 
 
 " Nose. Large, well angled. Blues and blue and 
 tans should have black noses. Livers and sandies 
 have flesh coloured. 
 
 " Teeth. Level, or pincer-jawed. 
 
 11 Ears. Moderately large, well forward, flat to 
 the cheek, thinly covered, and tipped with fine silky 
 hair. They should be filbert shaped. 
 
 " Legs. Of moderate length, not wide apart, 
 straight and square set, and with good sized feet,, 
 which are rather long. 
 
190 Modern Dogs. 
 
 " Tail. Thick at root, tapering to point, slightly 
 feathered on lower side, 9in. to iiin. long, and 
 scimitar shaped. 
 
 t( Neck and Shoulders. Neck long, deep at base, 
 rising well from shoulders, which should be flat. 
 
 11 Body. Long and well proportioned, flat ribbed, 
 and deep, not wide in chest, slightly arched back, 
 well ribbed up, with light quarters. 
 
 " Coat. Hard, with close bottom, and not lying 
 flat to sides. 
 
 " Colour. Dark blue, blue and tan, liver, liver 
 and tan, sandy, sandy and tan. 
 
 "Height. About i5in. to i6in. 
 
 " General Appearance. He is a light made-up, 
 lathy dog." 
 
 The numerical points may be given as follows : 
 
 Value. 
 Head, including skull, 
 
 jaw, and ears 20 
 
 Eyes and nose 10 
 
 Legs and feet 15 
 
 Neck and shoulders ... 5 
 
 5 
 
 Value. 
 Body, including loin 
 
 and stern 15 
 
 Coat 15 
 
 Colour 10 
 
 General appearance ... 10 
 
 50 
 
 Grand Total, 100. 
 
 I should put the correct weight as between i81b. 
 and 22lb. for dogs, and from i61b. to 2olb. for 
 bitches. There is at present an inclination to 
 
The Bedlington Terrier. 191 
 
 produce heavier dogs, but such should be heavily 
 handicapped when in the judging ring. 
 
 The points given above do not appear to me to be 
 sufficiently explicit, so I print the following, which is 
 pretty much the same as was issued by the original 
 Bedlington Terrier Club. 
 
 " Head. The head, though wedge-shaped, like 
 that of most terriers, should be shorter in the skull 
 and longer in the jaw, and narrow or lean in muzzle ; 
 the skull should be comparatively narrow and high, 
 coned or peaked at the occiput, and taper away 
 sharply to the nose. 
 
 " Ears. Should be filbert-shaped, lie close to the 
 cheek, and set on low, hanging something like 
 those of a Dandie Dinmont terrier, leaving the head 
 clear and flat ; the ears should be feathered at the 
 tips. 
 
 <c Eyes. In blue, or blue and tan, the eyes have a 
 dark amber shade ; in livers or yellows it is much 
 lighter in colour, varying with the shade of the dog. 
 The eyes should be small, well sunk into the head, 
 and placed rather close together ; very piercing 
 when roused. 
 
 (i Jaw and Teeth. The jaw should be long, lean, 
 and powerful. Most of these dogs are a little ' shot J 
 at the upper jaw, and are often termed ' pig-jawed ;' 
 this is a fault. The teeth should meet evenly 
 
192 Modern Dogs. 
 
 together, but it is not very often they are found that 
 way ; the teeth should be large, regular, and white. 
 
 " Nose. The nose or nostrils should be large, 
 and stand out well from the jaw. Blue or blue and 
 tans have black noses, and livers, yellows, &c., red 
 or flesh-coloured noses. 
 
 11 Neck and Shoulders. The neck long and mus- 
 cular, rising gradually from the shoulders to the 
 head. The shoulder flat and light, and set much 
 like the greyhound's. The height at the shoulder is 
 less than at the haunch. More or less this is the 
 case with all dogs, but is most pronounced with this 
 breed, especially in bitches. 
 
 " Body, Ribs, Back, Loins, Quarters, and Chest. 
 A moderately long body, rather flat ribs, short 
 straight back, slightly arched, tight and muscular 
 loins, just a little tucked up in the flank, fully 
 developed quarters, widish and deep chest ; the 
 whole showing full muscular development. 
 
 " Legs and Feet. -Legs perfectly straight and 
 moderately long ; the feet should be rather large, 
 that is a distinguishing mark of the breed ; long 
 claws are also admired by some, but this I cannot 
 allow to be correct. 
 
 (( Coat. This is the principal point on which there 
 is difference of opinion ; some prefer a hard wiry 
 coat, which several of the south country judges ' go 
 
The Bedlington Terrier. 193 
 
 in ' for, but the proper hair of these dogs is linty or 
 woolly, with a very slight sprinkling of wire hairs, 
 and this is still the coat advocated by the majority 
 of north country breeders. 
 
 " Colour. The original colours were blue and 
 tan, livers, and sandies, and these are still the 
 favourite. The tan is of a pale colour, and so 
 differs greatly from the tan of the black and tan 
 English terriers, and the blues should be a proper 
 blue, not nearly black, which is sometimes seen now. 
 In all colours the crown of the head should be 
 nearly white, otherwise white is most objectionable. 
 
 11 Tail. The tail should be of moderate length 
 (Sin. to ioin.), either straight or slightly curved, 
 carried low, and feathered ufiderneath. The tail 
 should by no means be curled or carried high on to 
 the back. 
 
 " Weight. The weight of these dogs varies 
 greatly, but the average is from i81b. to 23lb., or at 
 outside about 25lb. weight." 
 
 Perhaps it may be considered superfluous to give 
 the points and description as adopted by the club 
 and what Mr. Joseph Ainsley wrote on the same 
 subject, but a comparison of the two will no doubt 
 be found interesting. 
 
 Although earlier in this chapter I have alluded to 
 a certain amount of popularity the Bedlington terrier 
 
 O 
 
194 Modern Dogs. 
 
 appeared to have attained thirteen or fourteen years 
 ago, I am sorry to state that as an ordinary com- 
 panion he has not advanced in public favour ; and I 
 am sadly afraid that if some admirers of the breed 
 or variety do not soon come to the rescue, a useful, 
 hardy, and game terrier will be supplanted by a 
 more fashionable dog, which may not be better in 
 any respect. 
 
 There was a time, and that not very long ago, 
 when the competition in the Bedlington terrier 
 classes at all our shows was much keener than it 
 is now. At Cruft's great exhibition held at the 
 Agricultural Hall, Islington, in March, 1894, w ^ n 
 four classes provided, there were but nine dogs 
 competing, not one of which was a really first-rate 
 specimens ; this was even a worse entry than that 
 alluded to on another page. It is seldom we see 
 terriers of this variety running in the streets at the 
 heels of their owners, yet they are quite as likely 
 animals for the house and as companions as either 
 the Airedale terrier or the Irish terrier, and are cer- 
 tainly more cleanly than the shorter legged terriers 
 of any of the Scottish strains. Perhaps their lack of 
 popularity is purely accidental, and their opportunity 
 of becoming fashionable canines has not yet arrived. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 THE IRISH TERRIER. 
 
 " THE Irish terrier is a cheap dog, is it not ? " said 
 a friend to me the other day. " I do not know 
 about its cheapness," I replied; " but if you have a 
 really good one it will bring a hundred pounds any 
 time you want to sell it." And such is the fact. A 
 first-class Irish terrier is worth almost as much as a 
 fox terrier, and as a so-called marketable canine 
 commodity ranks only after the latter, the collie, 
 and the St. Bernard in value. He is a favourite dog, 
 hence his worth. 
 
 His popularity has only come about during the 
 past fifteen years or so ; dog shows have been his 
 fortune, and the Irish Terrier Club has no doubt 
 assisted him to his high position. It was as far back 
 as about 1882 that I was judging dogs at Belfast, 
 and was then very much struck with the 
 extraordinary character possessed by sundry Irish 
 terriers which were brought into the ring ; they 
 included Mr. J. N. R. Pirn's Erin, perhaps the best 
 
 O 2 
 
196 Modern Dogs. 
 
 all-round specimen of her race that ever lived, her 
 progeny Poppy and Playboy, and there were several 
 other typical terriers whose names do not occur to 
 me. I became enamoured of the variety, and then 
 prognosticated a popular future for them should they 
 only breed fairly true to character and type, and be 
 produced with ears that did not require cutting. 
 That I was not far wrong is plainly in evidence, as 
 the Irish terrier must certainly be placed as the 
 second terrier in popularity at the time I write. 
 
 The early volumes of the (i Kennel Club Stud 
 Book" did not contain special classes for Irish terriers, 
 they being grouped with the wire-haired fox terriers. 
 However, in 1876 they had a division for themselves, 
 in which there were nineteen entries, five of 
 which were owned by Mr. G. Jameson, of New- 
 townards. To prove how the variety has increased 
 since then, attention need only be called to the two 
 hundred and twenty names of Irish terriers that 
 appear in the most recent volume of the Stud Book, 
 published in 1893. In 1878 and 1879 Birmingham 
 first arranged classes for Irish terriers, and in the 
 latter year, when there were fifteen entries, Messrs. 
 Carey, W. Graham, A. Krehl, and G. R. Krehl were 
 amongst the exhibitors in the two divisions provided. 
 
 Before the dates named we look in vain for 
 classes for Irish terriers at the leading shows out of 
 
The Irish Terrier. 197 
 
 Ireland. Such dogs were then, excepting by a few 
 persons who knew them and kept them in their 
 native country, considered mongrels, and so no doubt 
 they would have continued had not their gameness 
 and general excellence been suddenly discovered 
 by the general public. That they are admirable 
 companions cannot be denied, and one I have in the 
 house now, a relative of champions, and by no means 
 a bad-looking dog himself, is about as perfect a 
 specimen of a dog of the London suburbs as can be 
 imagined. But perhaps more of him anon, and any 
 further remarks of my own shall be preceded by the 
 opinions of one or two gentlemen who have given 
 more attention to the Irish terrier than I could 
 possibly have done, but that they are more ardent 
 admirers of him I will not allow. 
 
 Mr. W. J. Cotton, of Blessington, co. Wicklow, 
 who has bred and kept Irish terriers for a great 
 number of years, writes characteristically of their 
 origin as follows : 
 
 " To Sir Walter Raleigh, through potato skins, 
 the Irish cottier, and hardships, we owe the Irish 
 terrier. When Ireland was more thickly inhabited, 
 there were small parties of cottiers grouped together ; 
 each had his cabbage and potato garden badly 
 fenced, and each family spent the greater portion of 
 their time round the turf hearth, watching the 
 
198 Modern Dogs. 
 
 murphies boil. The circle was incomplete, and 
 liable to be disturbed in their beloved indolence, 
 without a dog, which was hissed on when the 
 neighbouring pig or goat invaded the boundary of 
 the estate. A large dog required too much support ; 
 one with some spice of pluck was, however, required 
 in order to enforce its authority. The combination 
 of Pat, pig, and potatoes, was conducive of rats 
 and rats of sport and rivalry. As such terriers were 
 indiscriminately bred, and all ran wild, the dog with 
 the most pluck exercised the largest influence on 
 the breed. 
 
 " We can thus imagine the pups bearing the 
 greatest resemblance to any particular champion 
 were selected ; hence in this respect the survival of 
 the fittest. During the day, as described, these 
 terriers lay at the fire, and at night, though the pig 
 might be given a corner of the cabin, the terrier was 
 shown the outside of the door to guard the larder, 
 which was the potato pit, look after the general 
 safety of the estate, and to find a bed in the ditch or 
 butt of the haycock. Generations of this treatment 
 developed them into the 'pine knots' they are. 
 
 " Driving along the roads any hour of the night, 
 this state of things you will find still to exist, and it 
 is a matter of wonder how the inmates sleep and 
 quite ignore the choruses of howls on moonlight 
 
The Irish Terrier. 199 
 
 nights. I believe myself that the Irish garrisons 
 distributed over the country the bulldog, which was 
 used for crossing. As many native fanciers say, to 
 this day, there is nothing like a " eras" of the bull, 
 and I think the Irish terriers' disposition largely 
 shows it. You find them still of all types, long in leg, 
 short on leg, and long in body, and crooked in legs, 
 and of all colours, red, black, blue, brindle, and those 
 with tan legs often have the best coats. I know 7 at 
 the present time brindles showing more of the 
 modern type as regards length of leg and general 
 conformation than the other colours. 
 
 " There is a glen, Imaal, in the Wicklow moun- 
 tains that has always been, and still is, justly 
 celebrated for its terriers. It would be hard to 
 specify their colour in particular the wheaten in 
 all shades to that of bright red. In Kerry I think 
 the black blue is most prevalent ; quite black very 
 uncommon, and I hardly ever saw a good specimen 
 that colour. Mr. Chas. Galway, of Waterford, the 
 breeder of the celebrated greyhound Master McGrath, 
 for years, long before the Irish terrier came into 
 fashion, always kept and bred the variety, and I am 
 told there was no getting one from him. I am 
 also informed the coats of his terriers were rather 
 inclined to curl, and that the dogs themselves were 
 undeniably game. 
 
200 Modern Dogs. 
 
 " The father of the present pedigree family was 
 Killiney Boy, bred by Mr. Burke, of Queen's-street, 
 Dublin. He passed from him to a Mr. Flannigan, 
 residing at Castlenock, which place was purchased 
 by Mr. Donnegan, Dane-street, Dublin, who found 
 Killiney Boy running about deserted. The dog was 
 duly adopted, and afterwards given to Mr. Howard 
 Waterhouse, with whom he died a short time ago ; 
 his dam was a rough black and tan bitch, the 
 type now accepted as the Welsh terrier, hence 
 the black and tan puppies so often found in the 
 strains descended from him." It has been said that 
 Killiney Boy was worried and almost eaten by a 
 litter of puppies of which he was the sire. 
 
 Mr. C. J. Barnett, of Hambleden, whose name is 
 a household word in connection with Irish terriers, 
 says : " There is no doubt that the Irish terrier was 
 the common terrier of Ireland a century ago, and 
 is to this day the friend and companion of the 
 native. Before railways were introduced, inter- 
 breeding in certain localities caused a type which 
 might have varied slightly in different districts, and 
 as colour was a minor consideration, we so often 
 find puppies even to the present day black and tan, 
 grey or brindle in colour. This does not show bad 
 breeding, but rather the contrary, to continue the 
 colour through so many generations, for these dogs, 
 
The Irish Terrier. 201 
 
 like the Welsh ponies, no matter whatever they are 
 crossed with, appear to perpetuate their peculiar 
 characteristics. I have heard it stated that the 
 pure Irishman was originally a large terrier, and 
 to reduce the size a cross with a Manchester terrier 
 was used, hence the black and tan puppies that 
 are so often produced. 
 
 " I am happy to say I cannot find the slightest 
 foundation for this statement ; I have myself tried 
 such a cross carefully and it quite failed, and I 
 am convinced it would take years to breed out the 
 black and tan strain, with its sleek coat, and get 
 back to the somewhat rugged outline and water- 
 proof jacket of the Irish terrier. 
 
 " At an early Irish show, in 1874, there were 
 classes given for Irish terriers under plb. weight, 
 clearly showing that small terriers were fashionable 
 then. In my rambles through Ireland I have 
 generally asked for the man who kept the best 
 terriers in the village, and, on hearing where he was, 
 I went to see his dogs. He was always anxious to 
 show me not only his own but those of his 
 neighbours as well. I have seen good terriers 
 which would get a prize at many of our English 
 shows, but which were kept so out of sight, partly 
 through fear of the ( corner boys,' that resident 
 fanciers who regularly show were ignorant of their 
 
202 Modern Dogs. 
 
 existence. These were owned by cottiers in the 
 small towns and villages. I noticed that the 
 majority of such dogs had a few grey or black 
 hairs in their coats, but as a rule they were inclined 
 to be a light red in colour and very hard in texture ; 
 the ears are also larger as a rule than is fashionable 
 in England, but well carried. 
 
 " At a small public house near Sion Mills, Stra- 
 bane, is an Irish terrier dog, now 16 years of age, 
 not at all the fashionable type, as he is very low on 
 the leg and rather thick in front, but he has a 
 charming head, with a most intelligent expression, 
 and a good pair of ears. Wherever the Irish terrier 
 may have got his type, there is no denying his real 
 native expression and general characteristics, which 
 have made him so popular in England. 
 
 " The foundations of the present generation of 
 show terriers are nearly all descended from Mr. 
 Waterhouse's Killiney Boy, and it is a difficult 
 matter to find one that has not some drop of his 
 blood in his veins. The red or yellow are now con- 
 sidered the correct colour, and the dark puppies are 
 usually destroyed, but as the dam of Killiney Boy was 
 a rough black and tan, colour is merely a question of 
 fashion. When red puppies are born in the same 
 litter as black and tans, the former are nearly always 
 a good bright red ; but the black and tan have the 
 
The Irish Terrier. 203 
 
 better coats, invariably as hard as pin wire. I am by 
 no means certain that by not using the latter to 
 breed from we are losing the hard, wiry coats, and 
 brighter red colour ; and were it not for the art of 
 trimming many of our winning terriers would have 
 coats almost as shaggy as are found on some moun- 
 tain sheep. 
 
 u When Irish terriers were first shown it was the 
 fashion to crop their ears to a point, making them 
 look very sharp. As they were often used as fighting 
 dogs in the good old days, this might have been of 
 some service, but of late years a strong feeling has 
 grown up against it, and acting on the advice of the 
 Irish Terrier Club, the Kennel Club passed a rule 
 that no cropped Irish terrier born since Dec. 31, 
 1889, can compete at shows under their rules. 
 
 " Although nearly all our best terriers are, as 
 already stated, descended from Killiney Boy, many 
 trace their pedigree back to a union of that dog 
 with a bitch named Erin, bought by Mr. W. Graham, 
 of Belfast, before being shown at Dublin in 1879. 
 This bitch was perhaps the best Irish terrier ever 
 seen, and I very much doubt if any terrier of 
 to-day is her superior, if her equal. Both Killiney 
 Boy and Erin were cropped, but in their first litter 
 there was a puppy born whose ears were so good 
 that they were allowed to remain as nature made 
 
204 Modern Dogs. 
 
 them. This puppy was afterwards named Play Boy ; 
 the others in the litter were Poppy, Pagan II., 
 Gerald, Pretty Lass, with Peggy, who later was dam 
 of Garryford. This must be acknowledged as a 
 most extraordinary litter, and such a one has 
 seldom been produced at one time. 
 
 11 Erin was afterwards mated with another dog 
 named Paddy II., and Garry owen and Glory were 
 two of their puppies, and a bitch named Jess, who, 
 put to Killiney Boy, threw a dog called Gripper. 
 The latter was not successful at the stud, and 
 bitches by him when put to dogs by either Killiney 
 Boy or dogs descended from him, are very apt to 
 throw black and tan, brindle, or grey. 
 
 u Of the earlier terriers none came up to Erin, 
 who, bar her feet and cropped ears, was nearly 
 perfect, and, until her own celebrated litter, was 
 unrivalled. Mr. W. Graham, Newtownbreda, who 
 has bred and owned a large number of winners, and 
 is one of the leading authorities on the variety, is of 
 opinion that she was the best Irish terrier he has 
 yet seen. 
 
 " The competition between the brother and 
 sister, Play Boy and Poppy, was always very keen, 
 the bitch being cropped ; but the dog carried a pair 
 of beautiful ears. Poppy was the richer in colour, 
 and when young had a very keen and intelligent 
 
The Irish Terrier. 205 
 
 expression. Play Boy possessed the more substance, 
 but his eyes were somewhat too full, which made 
 him look somewhat quiet and hardly sharp enough. 
 
 " Play Boy was not a success at the stud, though 
 he sired a dog named Bogie Rattler, owned by myself, 
 who took after him in looks and good ears, but was 
 lower on the leg, more cloddy, and not of Play Boy's 
 quality. Bogie mated with Biddy III., by Gripper 
 and Cora (drop ears), produced first Champion 
 Bachelor, and, in the next litter, Benedict, which I 
 sold to Mr. Graham. Benedict became the most 
 celebrated stud dog of the day, for he is sire or 
 grandsire of more winners than any other Irish 
 terrier. 
 
 " Bachelor was very successful in the show ring, 
 and took after his sire and grandsire in having a good 
 pair of ears. He had also a very hard coat, of good 
 colour, yellow tipped with red, a long neck, which 
 was very muscular, and a well-shaped head, which 
 never grew too thick ; his hind quarters were rather 
 short, and his shoulders somewhat coarse, the latter 
 no doubt caused by the amount of work he did. 
 Benedict was a darker colour, with a lot of coat 
 on his fore quarters, but little on his loins or hind 
 quarters, and of rather a lighter make than Bachelor. 
 It may interest my readers to know that in the litter 
 which included Bachelor there were three red, one 
 
206 Modern Dogs. 
 
 grey, and five rough black and tan coloured puppies, 
 and in that in which Benedict was produced, there 
 were three red and five rough black and tan in hue. 
 
 " A noted rival of Bachelor's on the show bench 
 was Mr. Graham's Extreme Carelessness (afterwards 
 sold to Mr. Graves, of Liverpool), a bitch that when 
 a puppy was almost black, or rather, nearly every 
 hair was more black than yellow. At four years 
 of age the tips of a few hairs only were black, 
 and two years ago, just before she died, I saw 
 the old bitch in Ireland, looking very fit and 
 well, but of a beautiful yellow-red colour, and 
 entirely free from any black tinge. She was given 
 back to Mr. Graham after she had finished her 
 show career. Extreme Carelessness was cropped, 
 her head rather heavy, and she had a slight slack- 
 ness behind the shoulders, otherwise she was a 
 charming bitch of great character and of good 
 quality. She and Bachelor had many hard struggles 
 for ' specials,' their successes being about equal. 
 
 " Erin, two years after her celebrated litter, again 
 visited Killiney Boy, and threw a bitch, Droleen, 
 who, put to a long-headed dog named Michael, 
 by Pagan II., a grandson of both Killiney Boy 
 and Erin, threw for her owner, Mr. E. A. Wiener, 
 the best dog since Bachelor's days, Brickbat 
 by name, who has had a most successful show 
 
The Irish Terrier. 207 
 
 career, winning the Challenge Cup given by the 
 Irish Terrier Club twelve times, without once being 
 defeated, and finally he secured it outright. 
 
 " Brickbat is unfortunately cropped, and his ex- 
 pression requires greater smartness ; he is rather 
 too big, and has a mere apology of a stern. Other- 
 wise this excellent terrier is pretty nearly perfect. 
 
 " Poppy, to the best of my recollection, only bred 
 one good puppy, called Poppy II., very like her 
 dam, but of a lighter build, and too leggy. I think 
 the above a rough outline of the earlier genera- 
 tion of Irish terriers, bringing them down to the 
 present time, for, although Brickbat has retired from 
 the show bench, he is still alive and vigorous, and in 
 Mr. Wardle's studio the other day he looked quite 
 fresh as he was standing for his picture. 
 
 (< Although so popular on the show bench, it is as 
 a companion that the Irish terrier has won his way 
 into the hearts of those who own a dog for the house 
 and to keep down vermin. I am glad to say that 
 the show bench has not yet spoiled their good 
 qualities ; although many are ( kennel fools,' this is 
 their misfortune, not their fault. I have entered my 
 terriers to all kinds of vermin, except otter, at that 
 they have not had the chance ; but one small 
 terrier, bred by a friend from my dogs and given to 
 Mr. Harry Clift, when hunting the otter hounds he 
 
208 Modern Dogs. 
 
 kept at Newbury, Berks, was one of the gamest 
 little terriers he ever owned, almost too keen, and 
 quite fearless. 
 
 11 I remember turning out a badger to see if 
 Bachelor, when he was under a year old, would seize 
 and hold it. At first they fought until almost tired 
 out, then the dog got the badger by the cheek and 
 there held him until they were both quite exhausted. 
 The badger earths in our Buckinghamshire chalk hills 
 are not large, but run very deep, often i6ft. to i8ft, 
 so one cannot dig, and it is little short of cruelty 
 to put a terrier in, as he may get blocked ; it is 
 too deep to hear a sound, and Irish terriers are not 
 noisy enough, fighting and taking their punishment 
 in silence, nor do they ' bay ' their game like other 
 terriers. I have often run two of my terriers, Boundary 
 and Birthright, into small earths, and found them of 
 no use, as we could not hear where they were, unless 
 the badger grunted or they whined, and they have 
 come out fearfully mauled and bitten. 
 
 " I accounted for one fox with an Irish terrier, and 
 this was by accident, as I did not think the dog 
 would kill it in less than half a minute or so, but he 
 rolled it over, bit it through the brisket, and the fox 
 was dead before I had time to get the dog off. 
 
 " It is in the water that Irish terriers excel, as 
 they take to it as naturally as a duck, and as a 
 
The Irish Terrier. 209 
 
 rule retrieve well therefrom. I have a bitch that will 
 dive many yards after a rat, or rather run in shallow 
 water with her head under, trying to grab it. She 
 will also, if about to kill in the river and the rat 
 dives, dive under and kill ; but often she has to 
 leave go and come up for breath, when the rat sinks. 
 In clear water I have seen her do this, and after- 
 wards get the rat up, so there is no doubt she often 
 kills under water. 
 
 " My terriers sometimes spend a day in digging 
 out a rat ; they go in hammer and tongs, and 
 make a great show of having it out at once, but 
 there is a method in their madness, as they keep 
 an eye on the bolt holes, and after a vigorous 
 scratch, jump up every now and then to see if 
 the rat is trying to escape at the holes either above 
 ground or those below the water line. 
 
 ' The Irish terrier is of little use in rabbit 
 shooting ; it is dangerous for the dogs, as they are 
 too near the same colour as the rabbit, and as a 
 rule run mute. I myself have more than once put 
 up the gun at one of the terriers, mistaking it for a 
 hare. They are also too large to penetrate the rabbit 
 runs in the brambles, and the meuses in our white- 
 thorn laid hedgerows often check them. I have killed 
 ten couples in a day by blocking the holes up and 
 hunting the rabbits down. Irish terriers are keen 
 
 p 
 
210 Modern Dogs. 
 
 enough and dead game, try their hardest to kill, 
 but much as I love them I am compelled to say that 
 they are not so good for rabbiting as beagles or 
 small fox terriers, chiefly on account of their size 
 and colour. 
 
 " I have seen it stated that an Irish terrier could 
 catch a hare ; so it perhaps might if the hare had a 
 trap to a leg, or was sick and poorly, but as 
 there are some hares that a greyhound cannot 
 kill on their own ground, it is not likely an 
 Irish terrier could run down even an ordinary hare. 
 Nor is it part of his duty to do so. Here is an 
 account of a trial or two between an Irish terrier 
 and a fox terrier noted for its skill in rabbit 
 coursing : 
 
 " We slipped them in a stubble field. Just at the 
 end the hare stopped to pick her run, and was out 
 of sight when the terrier got through. The next slip 
 was on a fallow, the hare having about ten yards 
 start, at the end of the field there was a con- 
 siderable slope up-hill. After ' puss ' had got about 
 150 yards ahead, we saw her look round and wait 
 until the terriers got to within a yard or so, and 
 then jump on one side and quietly jog away out of 
 sight. 
 
 " I do not know a better companion for the man 
 or woman who only keeps one dog than an Irish 
 
The Irish Terrier. 211 
 
 terrier, as he is easily trained, and in the house is 
 most affectionate and thoroughly cleanly. To see 
 him play with children, or guard them, is a pleasure. 
 I have had some scores of Irish terriers, and I never 
 yet saw one turn on or snap at a child. I had six 
 out with me one day, and called at a friend's house 
 where a children's party was being held. The dogs 
 ran on the tennis lawn, and the little ones caught 
 them and rolled them over. One dog, recently 
 bought, had always been kennelled until he came 
 to me, so I was afraid he might resent being pulled 
 about, as he was of rather a quick temper, but to 
 my surprise he enjoyed the romp, which was 
 more than some of the mothers of the children 
 did." 
 
 Mr. Barnett does not allude at length to the natural 
 tendency some of the Irish terriers have to retrieve 
 and fetch and carry. Barney, my dog in the house 
 at Brixton, is never happier than when bringing the 
 daily paper into the sitting-room from downstairs, 
 where the boy has left it. A curious habit, too, he 
 has. He may be waiting at the gate, and, seeing 
 me in the distance, he will pick up any little piece 
 of newspaper he finds in the roadway, and fetch it, 
 though a mere scrap, but brought so tenderly 
 between the lips as to leave not the slightest mark 
 or dampness. 
 
 P 2 
 
212 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Barney, however, excelled himself one day when 
 he brought into the house a teacup containing an 
 egg. The former was carried by the rim, and 
 carefully deposited into the hands of my house- 
 keeper, the egg uncracked, the feat a record. One 
 of the neighbours had given them to the dog, who 
 evidently thought he could not do better with the 
 presents than hand them over to his best friend. 
 He was never trained to retrieve and fetch and 
 carry ; the accomplishment is a natural one. 
 
 I can also speak personally of the capabilities of the 
 Irish terrier as a water dog, for I have seen puppies 
 at four months old swim across a strong stream 
 fifty yards wide, follow the older ones hunting, and 
 as keen " on rats " as the fully grown dogs could 
 possibly be. These juveniles would also kill rabbits, 
 and generally their precocity was quite astonishing. 
 But it must be borne in mind that these young 
 " Irishmen " had not been reared in kennels, they, 
 on the contrary, having a free range in which to 
 play, and where they could hunt either rats or 
 rabbits when so inclined. 
 
 Mention may be made here of an Irish terrier who, 
 perhaps, rejoiced in the name of Rags. Anyhow, he 
 was a performer on the stage, his great feat being 
 turning somersaults, which he did backwards, and, 
 as a variety, turned l< double somersaults," the latter 
 
The Irish Terrier. 213 
 
 I fancy about as difficult a feat as any dog ever 
 attempted and performed successfully. 
 
 Before proceeding to the description and points 
 of the Irish terrier, the following notes by Mr. W. C. 
 Bennett, of Dublin, will perhaps be interesting, 
 although they go over much the same ground as 
 that which we have already traversed. 
 
 " From what I have been able to gather from 
 those who, like myself, are interested in this variety of 
 the canine -race, and from what I can recall of early 
 specimens, I have come to the conclusion that the 
 present show terriers are a more or less ' made up ' 
 breed, though doubtless a variety of terrier existed, 
 resembling the present dogs, somewhat as a half- 
 bred filly resembles a thoroughbred mare. 
 
 " My first recollection of the breed dates back 
 some thirty years, to a brace of bitches owned by a 
 relative residing in Parsonstown, who procured them 
 from a trainer on the Curragh. They were high on 
 the leg, somewhat open in coat, and wheaten in 
 colour, and this latter is, I have always considered, 
 the proper shade for the jacket of any Irish terrier. 
 Most of the earlier specimens exhibited were of this 
 hue, the bright red now, or recently, so fashionable 
 being almost unknown. About the same time, or a 
 few years later perhaps, I made the acquaintance of 
 a rare old stamp of bitch, which was brought from 
 
214 Modern Dogs. 
 
 the North of Ireland, and many a day's outing we 
 had together ; she was harder and closer in coat 
 than those mentioned above, coloured bright wheaten, 
 and nearer in shape and character, and in all 
 respects, to the present show type than anything 
 else I saw at that period. 
 
 " Few people in those early days gave much 
 attention to the appearance of their terriers, and if 
 they were game, and good at destroying rats and 
 other vermin, they would be kept and bred from, 
 and as these terriers were principally owned by 
 farmers and cottiers, who kept one or two roaming 
 about their houses and farms, they were hardly 
 likely to be very select in the matter of breeding. 
 Even to this day, in parts of the country, one 
 comes across this old breed, as often as not with 
 tails undocked, and sometimes, alas, showing a 
 dash of greyhound blood. Many of them, too, are 
 brindled in colour, and certainly smart terrier-like 
 animals. 
 
 (< I have several times been assured by those from 
 whom I sought information, that a special strain of 
 Irish terriers was kept in their families for generations, 
 and they usually described them as wheaten coloured, 
 open coated, with long, punishing jaws, and I was 
 shown by a friend of mine (lately deceased) a game- 
 looking wheaten coloured bitch, long and low on the 
 
The Irish Terrier. 215 
 
 leg, with a very open coat, long, level head, with 
 little or no stop visible. The owner claimed to 
 have had her breed for over thirty years in his 
 family. I can vouch that she would fight until nearly 
 killed, if once provoked. 
 
 " County Wicklow lays claim to a breed of 
 what were so-called Irish terriers ; they frequently 
 showed a blue shade s on the back, were long in body, 
 and rather short on leg, and even so recently as the 
 year 1887 a class was given at the show held in 
 Limerick, for silver-haired Irish terriers, the specimens 
 exhibited being a slate blue colour. They were not 
 to my mind a distinct variety, nor very terrier- 
 like in appearance, and I believe the difficulty in 
 getting a uniformity of type when breeding from the 
 very best blood obtainable is proof positive that 
 more than one strain was used in producing the 
 present fashionable dog. 
 
 " In the first collection I saw in the Exhibition 
 Palace Show, held in Dublin early in the seventies, 
 there were scarcely two of the same size or weight 
 exhibited, and with few, very few, exceptions they 
 were a rough lot. 
 
 " Mr. P. Flanaghan, of Dublin, had many of the 
 old sort, and game ones they were. He used them 
 for badger drawing, and in the National Show 
 alluded to, he exhibited a bitch, Daisy, which 
 
216 Modern Dogs. 
 
 was described in the catalogue as ' well known to 
 be of the purest and gamest breed in Ireland.' 
 Mr. Cotton, of Blessington, also possesses terriers 
 descended from stock for many years in his posses- 
 sion, and owned by him before classes were given 
 at shows for them. His Cruisk (who won prizes in 
 Dublin and elsewhere) is, however, as unlike the 
 earlier sort as possible, as he is a neat terrier- 
 like dog, with beautifully carried ears, and a 
 hard, crisp coat a charming dog brimful of 
 character. 
 
 " I have seen and owned puppies by the celebrated 
 Killiney Boy, and by dogs tracing from him, with 
 short coats and black hairs. The old dog was open 
 in coat, with a grand terrier head, straight in hocks, 
 but a game little tyke, and died fighting being 
 killed in a kennel row. He had grown quite white 
 in face and chest when last I saw him ; and many 
 of his strain, earlier in life than is the case with 
 most other dogs (like the Palmerston strain of Irish 
 setters), grow grizzled about the head. 
 
 " A glance at the pedigree of almost any of the 
 noted winners of the day will serve to show how much 
 Killiney Boy did to bring the breed to its present 
 form, as few pedigrees are without his name, and 
 many of them on both sire and dam side trace back to 
 him. Curiously enough, the short-haired mahogany- 
 
The Irish Terrier. 217 
 
 coloured specimens often prove very serviceable 
 when bred from, and throw pups with plenty of coat, 
 and this I have proved myself, and heard other 
 breeders assert. Mr. Barnett's Benedict (brother to 
 Champion Bachelor) w r as a notable instance of this, 
 being very short in coat on body and sides, and he 
 probably got as many winners on the bench as any 
 dog of this variety. 
 
 " The north of Ireland was the stronghold of the 
 Irish terriers for many a day, and still holds its own, 
 with Mr. William Graham to aid it. Even there I 
 should doubt if a pure descent of Irish terrier 
 could be traced back for thirty years, as so long 
 ago no one cared to go to the trouble of breeding 
 them to one uniform type, and those who used 
 them for righting purposes crossed them with the 
 bull terrier to increase their gameness and punishing 
 power. 
 
 " Wexford, Dublin, and other parts had strains of 
 their own, and when classes were formed at shows, 
 and good prizes offered, fair specimens of the old 
 sort were to be had, which, with judicious mating, 
 produced a level and neat terrier, but these, as 
 before observed, frequently threw back to the old 
 stock, and sometimes a rough, open coated puppy 
 still appears in the best bred litters, differing from 
 all his brothers and sisters. Strange to say the 
 
218 Modern Dogs. 
 
 freedom from stop, which is one of the characteristics 
 of the present dog, was highly thought of in the 
 dogs bred in former days, and as the ears were 
 almost invariably cropped it mattered little how they 
 came, but if uncut were usually heavy and carried 
 low on the head. 
 
 " A glance at the earlier show catalogues con- 
 firms what I have written above as to the doubtful 
 breeding of the earlier terriers. 
 
 " Take the Exhibition Palace Show at Dublin in 
 1874. Here classes were divided as ' dogs and 
 bitches exceeding 9lb., and dogs and bitches under 
 that weight ; ' in the former class ten competed, 
 and half that number had no pedigree assigned 
 to them ; in the latter class only three competed, 
 one of these, the second prize winner, having no 
 pedigree. The following year three classes were 
 provided, including a champion class ( for winners 
 of a first prize at any show.' Dogs over g\b. and 
 bitches over g\b. Four champions (save the mark) 
 competed ; two had pedigrees and the other two 
 had none. In dogs over gib. six competed, two 
 only having pedigrees. Four bitches over g\b. 
 were entered, half that number having pedigrees 
 and half not. 
 
 "At the Dublin show in 1878 there were even 
 fewer competitors, a dog and bitch class being 
 
The Irish Terrier. 219 
 
 given, with no restrictions as to weight. In the 
 former there were four entries, and in the latter 
 three, but only two of the lot appear to be able to 
 boast of a pedigree. 
 
 " Does not the above prove that pedigrees in 
 those days were little attended to, otherwise surely 
 they would be stated if known. Some of the 
 entries in these old catalogues are amusing, one 
 entry being described as ' Pedigree terrier, well 
 bred ; ' another, appropriately named ' The Limb, 
 this bitch has jumped off all the highest bridges 
 in and about Dublin.' Needless to say she was 
 entered as 'not for sale.' 'Jack' appears to have 
 been a favourite name, and three with this cog- 
 nomen competed in one class, and, oh, ' the 
 grumbling ' at the awards, for everyone thought his 
 tyke the only true and only genuine article, and 
 owners were by no means loth to express their 
 opinions in words." 
 
 A year or so later good ones appeared, such as 
 Messrs. Carey's Sport, Spuds, and Sting, Mr. Water- 
 house's Killiney Boy, and Mr. Wm. Graham's Erin, the 
 latter brace when mated producing such good ones 
 as Pagan II. and Play Boy, the particulars of which 
 are fully given in what Mr. Barnett has contributed 
 earlier on. 
 
 Some of the best Irish terriers have already been 
 
220 Modern Dogs. 
 
 mentioned, but omission should not be made of dogs 
 so good as Gripper ; Major Arnand's Fury II.; 
 Phadruig ; Dr. Carey's Sting ; Peter Bodger (Mr. 
 Waterhouse) ; Mr. H. A. Graves' Glory (the smallest 
 Irish terrier that attained champion honours) ; Mr, 
 W. Graham's Gilford ; Mr. Backhouse's Buster, 
 Bumptious Biddy, and Begum ; Nora Tatters, a 
 great favourite of mine, with Droleen and Bencher r 
 all Mr. Wiener's ; Mr. Sumner's St. George and 
 B.A.; Dan'el II., Breadenhill ; Mr. F. Breakers 
 Bonnet ; Mr. Mayell's Chaperon and Mr. A. E. 
 dear's Breda Mixer. Still another youngster that 
 I opine will not be long in becoming a champion 
 is Mr. C. J. Barnett's Black Sheep, a dog of 2403. 
 weight, about the size the best of them have been. 
 His dark face may be objectionable, and he is 
 perhaps a mere trifle long in back, but, all round, 
 I have never seen a better terrier, and I fancy that, 
 assisted by his excellent pair of natural ears, 
 he will be the first dog to lower the colours of Mr. 
 Wiener's so long successful Brickbat, if his owner 
 has the temerity to place the latter on the bench 
 again. 
 
 Another favourite Irish terrier of mine is Mr. 
 Barnett's Birthright. She weighs i81b., and has 
 been kept out of many prizes because some judges 
 consider her small. Her character and general 
 
The Irish Terrier. 221 
 
 form are exquisite. Other typical Irish terriers up 
 to date are Mrs. Butcher's Bawnboy and Ted 
 Malone ; Mr. T. Yarr's Poor Pat ; Mr. F. Parkyn's 
 Firefly; Mr. Jowett's Crowgill Sportsman; Mr. 
 C. B. Murless's Magic; Mr. Krehl's Bishop's Boy; 
 Mr. T. Wallace's Treasurer ; whilst from time to 
 time Mr. James Sumner, Mr. J. W. Taylor, Dr. 
 Marsh, Mr. F. W. Jowett, Mr. H. Benner, Mr. 
 C. R. Norton, Mr. C. M. Nicholson, and Mr. T. C. 
 Tisdall, have all owned Irish terriers of more than 
 ordinary excellence. 
 
 The Irish Terrier Club was established in 1879, 
 and proving unusually liberal in supporting certain 
 shows, has no doubt done much to popularise the 
 variety over which it looks. Its challenge cup is 
 valuable and handsome, which, as already stated, 
 was won outright by Brickbat, but two cups 
 of equal value will shortly be offered by the 
 club. 
 
 Considerable difference of opinion has been ex- 
 pressed as to the description of the Irish terrier as 
 issued by the club, it evidently being modelled on 
 that of the fox terrier. The following, compiled by 
 an "up to date " admirer and successful breeder of 
 the variety, will give an idea of the " points "of an 
 Irish terrier ; at any rate, when assisted by Mr. 
 Wardle's drawings, they will do so. 
 
222 Modern Dogs. 
 
 11 Head. Long and flat, not pinched or lumpy, 
 and not too full in the cheek ; showing but a 
 very slight stop in profile. Jaw strong, of a 
 punishing length and of good depth. A thin, 
 weak jaw is objectionable, as is a short, thick 
 head. 
 
 " Teeth. Level, white, and sound ; both over or 
 undershot objectionable and disqualifying. 
 
 " Nose. Black. 
 
 " Eyes. Brown, dark hazel, or black, the latter 
 however, are apt to give the dog a curious expres- 
 sion. They should be small, keen, and more 
 almond-shaped than round, set in the head -and 
 not on the head. Light eyes very objectionable. 
 
 " Ears. Fairly thick, V-shaped, and set on to 
 fall to the corner of the eye and close to the 
 cheeks, but not at a right angle to the head ; 
 they should not be set on too high or point to 
 the nose. 
 
 " Neck. Long, clean, and muscular, slightly 
 arched, free from throatiness and nicely placed in 
 the shoulders, not set on the top of them. 
 
 " Shoulders. Strong and fine, nicely sloping to 
 the back and firm to the hand, the dog should 
 feel strong when pressed on the shoulders, the 
 withers narrow, and gracefully joining the neck and 
 back. 
 
The Irish Terrier. 223 
 
 " Chest. Of good depth, wide enough to give the 
 heart and lungs free play, but not wide when viewed 
 in front. 
 
 " Back. Straight and strong. 
 
 (< Loin. Very slightly arched. 
 
 " Stern. Docked or shortened, set rather high, 
 must be gaily carried but not curled ; the stern 
 should be placed on in a line with the back, if too 
 low it gives the dog a mean and unsymmetrical 
 appearance behind. 
 
 "Body. Of good depth, well ribbed up, but not 
 too far back, or it will make him seem too thick- 
 set and cobby, and detract from his appearance 
 of liberty ; flank slightly tucked up, but not enough 
 to make the dog look shelly or light. Ribs 
 inclined to flatness and not too much arched or 
 sprung. 
 
 " Legs and Feet. The legs should be strong, 
 straight, and muscular, but not too upright in the 
 pasterns, which should be slightly springy ; elbows 
 set strongly to the shoulders, moving freely, not 
 tied too closely under him ; the feet thick and 
 hard, toes arched ; open, long, or thin feet most 
 objectionable. 
 
 "Hind quarters. Very strong and muscular, 
 long from hip to hock, not too wide but thick 
 through, with no appearance of weakness, legs fairly 
 
224 Modern Dogs. 
 
 under the dog, the hocks must move straight, cow 
 hocks or hind legs bent outwards most objection- 
 able. 
 
 " Coat. Hard, straight, and wiry, free from 
 silkiness anywhere ; about 2^-in. long on body, 
 shorter on the head and ears, save a beard on the 
 chin, short and hard on the legs, on no account 
 curly ; a soft, curly, or open coat objectionable. 
 
 " Colour. Red-yellow, wheaten, or light brown 
 inclining to grey ; the best colour is orange tipped 
 with red, the head slightly darker than the body, 
 and the ears slightly darker than the head. The 
 colour should not run out on the legs a dirty or dull 
 dark red ; a mahogany shade is objectionable. 
 
 "Size. Height, dogs i6in. to i6^in., bitches 
 I5^in. to i6in. ; length from shoulder to set on of 
 stern, dogs I4fin. to 15-Jin., bitches I4in. to isin. ; 
 girth of chest, 2o^in. to 2i^in.; weight for dogs 2olb. 
 to 24lb., bitches i81b. to 22lb. 
 
 " General appearance. The Irish terrier should 
 appear to be of good constitution, somewhat rough in 
 outlook, but thoroughly symmetrical. As the stern 
 is high set on it gives the hind quarters a somewhat 
 jumped-up look ; the movements are rather jerky 
 behind, as if the hind quarters possessed the power of 
 moving quicker than the fore-end almost a hare-like 
 movement ; the expression should be wicked, but 
 
The Irish Terrier. 
 
 225 
 
 intelligent, altogether a rough, merry, but game- 
 looking terrier, not cobby nor too coarse. 
 
 " Temperament. Temper very good, often shy, 
 but always game. When at work, utterly without fear, 
 and rather headstrong ; when in the house, quiet, 
 affectionate, and loving. It is a characteristic of 
 the Irish terrier to thrust his nose into his master's 
 hand, or rest the head on his foot, or against his legs." 
 
 NEGATIVE POINTS. 
 
 Value. 
 
 White on toes or feet... 5 
 Mouth undershot or 
 
 overshot 20 
 
 Very much white on 
 
 chest 5 
 
 Coat curly or soft 20 
 
 POSITIVE POINTS. 
 
 Value, 
 
 Head 10 
 
 Teeth and eyes 10 
 
 Ears 10 
 
 Neck 5 
 
 Legs and feet 15 
 
 Chest and shoulders ... 10 
 Back and loin and 
 
 hindquarters 15 
 
 Coat 10 
 
 Colour 5 
 
 General outline 10 
 
 100 
 
 DISQUALIFYING POINTS. 
 
 Brindled in colour, nose cherry or flesh-coloured; 
 white legs indeed any white, either on the feet, 
 chest, or elsewhere, is objectionable. At four or 
 five years old a few white hairs, giving a grizzly 
 appearance about the muzzle, is not detrimental. 
 
 Q 
 
226 
 
 Modern Dogs. 
 
 The following is the description issued by the 
 Irish Terrier Club : 
 
 POSITIVE POINTS. 
 
 Value. 
 Head, jaw, teeth, and 
 
 eyes 15 
 
 Ears 5 
 
 Legs and feet 10 
 
 Neck 5 
 
 Shoulders and chest ... 10 
 
 Back and loin 10 
 
 Hind quarters and stern 10 
 
 Coat 15 
 
 Colour 10 
 
 Size and symmetry ... 10 
 
 NEGATIVE POINTS. 
 
 Value. 
 White nails, toes, 
 
 and feet minus 10 
 
 Much white on 
 
 chest 10 
 
 Ears cropped ... 5 
 Mouth undershot 
 
 or cankered ... 10 
 Coat shaggy, 
 
 curly, or soft... 10 
 Uneven in colour 5 
 
 100 50 
 
 DISQUALIFYING POINTS : Nose cherry or red. Brindle colour. 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE PARTICULARS. 
 
 " Head. Long; skull flat, and rather narrow 
 between ears, getting slightly narrower towards the 
 eye ; free from wrinkle ; stop hardly visible, except 
 in profile. The jaw must be strong and muscular, 
 but not too full in the cheek, and of a good punish- 
 ing length, but not so fine as a white English 
 terrier's. There should be a slight falling away 
 below the eye, so as not to have a greyhound 
 appearance. Hair on face of same description as 
 on body, but short (about a quarter of an inch 
 
The Irish Terrier. 227 
 
 long), in appearance almost smooth and straight; a 
 slight beard is the only longish hair (and it is only 
 long in comparison with the rest) that is permissible, 
 and that is characteristic. 
 
 11 Teeth. Should be strong and level. 
 
 " Lips. Not so tight as a bull terrier's, but well- 
 fitting, showing through the hair their black lining. 
 
 " Nose. Must be black. 
 
 " Eyes. A dark hazel colour, small, not pro- 
 minent, and full of life, fire, and intelligence. 
 
 " Ears. When uncut, small and V-shaped, of 
 moderate thickness, set well up on the head, and 
 dropping forward closely to the cheek. The ear 
 must be free of fringe, and the hair thereon shorter 
 and generally darker in colour than the body. 
 
 "Neck. Should be of a fair length, and gradually 
 widening towards the shoulders, well carried, and 
 free of throatiness. There is generally a slight sort 
 of frill visible at each side of the neck, running 
 nearly to the corner of the ear, which is looked on 
 as very characteristic. 
 
 " Shoulders and Chest. Shoulders must be fine, 
 long, and sloping well into the back ; the chest deep 
 and muscular, but neither full nor wide. 
 
 " Back and Loin. Body moderately long ; back 
 should be strong and straight, with no appearance 
 of slackness behind the shoulders ; the loin broad 
 
 Q 2 
 
228 Modern Dogs. 
 
 and powerful and slightly arched ; ribs fairly sprung, 
 rather deep than round, and well ribbed back. 
 
 "Hind Quarters. Well under the dog ; should be 
 strong and .muscular, the thighs powerful, hocks 
 near the ground, stifles not much bent. 
 
 " Stern. Generally docked ; should be free of 
 fringe or feather, set on pretty high, carried gaily, 
 but not over the back or curled. 
 
 Feet and Legs. Feet should be strong, tolerably 
 round, and moderately small; toes arched, and 
 neither turned out nor in ; black toe-nails are 
 preferable and most desirable. Legs moderately 
 long, well set from the shoulders, perfectly straight, 
 with plenty of bone and muscle ; the elbows working 
 freely clear of the sides, pasterns short and straight, 
 hardly noticeable. Both fore and hind legs should 
 be moved straight forward when travelling, the 
 stifles not turned outwards, the legs free of feather, 
 and covered, like the head, with as hard a texture of 
 coat as body, but not so long. 
 
 " Coat. Hard and wiry, free of softness or silki- 
 ness, not so long as to hide the outlines of the body, 
 particularly in the hindquarters, straight and flat, no 
 shagginess, and free of lock or curl. 
 
 " Colour. Should be 'whole-coloured,' the most 
 preferable being bright red ; next wheaten, yellow, 
 and grey, brindle disqualifying. White sometimes 
 
The Irish Terrier. 229 
 
 appears on chest and feet ; it is more objectionable 
 on the latter than on the chest, as a speck of white 
 on chest is frequently to be seen in all self-coloured 
 breeds. 
 
 " Size and Symmetry. Weight in show condition, 
 from i61b. to 2/j.lb. say, i61b. to 22lb. for bitches 
 and i81b. to 24lb. for dogs. The most desirable 
 weight is 22lb. or under, which is a nice, stylish, and 
 useful size. The dog must present an active, lively, 
 lithe, and wiry appearance ; lots of substance, at 
 the same time free of clumsiness, as speed and 
 endurance, as well as power, are very essential. 
 They must be neither ' cloddy ' nor ' cobby/ but 
 should be framed on the ' lines of speed,' showing a 
 graceful ' racing outline.' 
 
 " Temperament. Dogs that are very game are 
 usually surly or snappish. The Irish terrier, as a 
 breed, is an exception, being remarkably good- 
 tempered, notably so with mankind, it being 
 admitted, however, that he is, perhaps, a little too 
 ready to resent interference on the part of other 
 dogs. There is a heedless, reckless pluck about the 
 Irish terrier which is characteristic, and, coupled 
 with the headlong dash, blind to all consequences, 
 with which he rushes at his adversary, has earned 
 for the breed the proud epithet of ' The Dare- 
 Devils.' When ' off duty ' they are characterised 
 
230 Modern Dogs. 
 
 by a quiet caress-inviting appearance, and when one 
 sees them endearingly, timidly pushing their heads 
 into their masters' hands it is difficult to realise that 
 on occasion, at the ( set-on,' they can prove they 
 have the courage of a lion, and will fight on to the 
 last breath in their bodies. They develop an extra- 
 ordinary devotion to, and have been known to track 
 their masters almost incredible distances." 
 
 This " club description " has given rise to a con- 
 siderable amount of controversy, but I believe it was 
 drawn up by the leading admirers of the Irish 
 terrier a few years ago, and if fault may be found 
 with one or two of the items, such are of little 
 importance so far as the general delineation of the 
 dog is concerned. Unlike the Bedlington terrier, 
 the Irish terrier is progressive so far as public esti- 
 mation is concerned, and as I conclude this article I 
 am told of a bond-fide offer of 220 for a couple of 
 young dogs which have not yet been placed as the 
 best of their variety. 
 

CHAPTER X. 
 THE WELSH TERRIER. 
 
 THIS terrier is our most modern introduction, and 
 one is apt to wonder how it was that for so long his 
 merits have been overlooked. The dog of which I 
 write as a Welsh terrier was unknown until some 
 eight years or so ago. Then he appeared in some 
 of our shows ; he was given a place in the Stud 
 Book; a club was formed in 1886 to look after his 
 welfare, and at some modern exhibitions, to wit, at 
 Liverpool, in 1893, there were no fewer than ninety- 
 three entries made of Welsh terriers, or dogs that 
 passed as such. W T hen he was first introduced, a 
 rather short stumpy head, with considerable terrier 
 character generally, were considered to form the 
 correct type ; now the head has been " improved," 
 or otherwise, until it is as long and fox terrier-like 
 as those Mr. Wardle draws on another page, who, 
 following the dictates of fashion, gives us the Welsh 
 terrier, which is perhaps not Welsh at all, as he is 
 to-day. To proceed with my story. 
 
232 Modern Dogs. 
 
 However reluctant I may be to agree with all that 
 has been said and done to popularise the so-called 
 Welsh terrier, one must give way to the majority. 
 The Kennel Club now acknowledges this variety of 
 terrier by the name which heads this chapter, and, 
 in addition, there is a well-established and flourishing 
 club that looks carefully after its interests. So let 
 it be. Still, there is no gainsaying the fact that some 
 of the very best terriers of this variety have been 
 produced from parents that never had a drop of 
 Welsh blood in their veins, that had never seen the 
 Principality, and had no more connection therewith 
 than the black and white fisherman's dog of New- 
 foundland has with the dog treasured by the monks 
 of St. Bernard's hospice. About eight years ago the 
 newly popularised black and tan hard-haired terrier 
 suddenly appeared on the show bench, and, although 
 then claimed as a native of Wales, or to have originally 
 sprung therefrom, there was other evidence to prove 
 that this identical dog had long flourished in the 
 north of England, and in some districts was still to 
 be found uncrossed with the modern fox terrier, and, 
 so far as could be discovered, of comparatively pure 
 blood. 
 
 When the Kennel Club authorities at Cleveland- 
 'row consented to its entry in their Stud Book in 1886, 
 the classification of (l Welsh or old English wire- 
 
The Welsh Terrier. 233 
 
 haired black and tan terriers " was given, a title 
 which, though rather long, was the correct one to 
 adopt as likely to suit both parties concerned, 'for 
 already there had been a division in the camp ; the 
 north of England fanciers of the variety wished their 
 rights acknowledged, and the Welshmen did likewise. 
 The former attempted to establish a club to promote 
 the old English hard-haired black and tan terrier, 
 and failed so to do ; the latter proved successful in 
 forming a similar coterie to look after the interests 
 of the Welsh terrier, and to see that its merits were 
 appreciated by dog show committees and the public 
 at large. So successful did the latter body prove, 
 that, not contented with obtaining all they required 
 for their own favourite, they contrived to persuade 
 the Kennel Club to abolish the name of old English 
 terrier altogether ; and, be the animal of Northumber- 
 land, Cumberland, Westmoreland, Durham, Devon, 
 or Yorkshire extraction, his nativity has no locus 
 standi, and Welsh he must be to the end of his 
 days. It was in 1888 that the Welsh terrier, as 
 such, first appeared in the Stud Book. Such is a 
 brief history of the popular progress of this dog. 
 
 Not very long ago I was in conversation with 
 a native of the Principality, where his ancestors 
 had lived for generations on their own estate a 
 sporting one, occupied by a sporting family. 
 
234 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Here came a chance to obtain some informa- 
 tion about his native terrier. " Welsh terriers ? " 
 said he ; u why, bless me ! there isn't such a thing, 
 unless you mean all the little cross-bred creatures to 
 be seen in any of our country towns." This was a 
 floorer at the very set-off for the man in search of 
 knowledge ; but not long after, I had the good 
 fortune to travel for some distance with a well-known 
 authority on all matters canicular, whose residence 
 was likewise in Wales. " You wish to learn something 
 about Welsh terriers," said he ; " why, I am sorry to 
 say the dog show judges are going in altogether for 
 the wrong type." " Then there is a breed of real 
 Welsh terriers ? " said I. " Oh, yes ; most certainly," 
 said my friend ; " but they are big dogs 25lb. 
 weight or more, with shortish, close, hard coats ; 
 active, hardy-looking fellows; black and tan in 
 colour, and particularly useful in working very rough 
 covert on mountainous ground, such as is found in 
 so many of the hilly and wild districts. But," 
 continued my informant, (< points of beauty are not 
 considered of such importance as gameness and 
 ability to work. Their ears are usually large, and 
 the skull is generally rounder between the ears than 
 is quite orthodox in the modern fox terrier." Here 
 was another opinion. 
 
 A dozen years ago I myself bought what was said 
 
The Welsh Terrier. 235 
 
 to be a Welsh terrier, which proved to be a moderate 
 specimen of the ordinary white and tan marked wire- 
 hair of the present day. The standard adopted by 
 the judges at all recent shows appears now to be 
 generally uniform. The dog of which we write must, 
 according to them, be not more than about i81b. 
 weight, black and tan in colour, quite free from white, 
 though white on the breast or feet does not amount 
 to absolute disqualification ; coat hard, close, and 
 water and weather resisting ; head, jaw, ears, build, 
 and general appearance identical with the modern 
 fox terrier ; but the crisper coat and darker colour 
 give the Welsh terrier a more dare-devil and deter- 
 mined appearance than the fashionable beauties of 
 the present time, such as are shown by Mr. R. J. 
 Vicary and others. 
 
 Now I have known dogs of the above description 
 since my boyhood in the north of England ; speci- 
 mens as good as anything seen nowadays I came 
 across long before ever the Welsh terrier was even 
 thought of as it is now, and some of the leading 
 winners to-day, especially in the dog classes, are 
 probably descended from the same strain, for they 
 have come from the north of England. Most of 
 those of Welsh origin that appeared at the earlier 
 shows were lighter and weaker in jaw than the 
 English variety, finer or lighter in bone, and with 
 
236 Modern Dogs. 
 
 more than a tendency to be round or domed on the 
 skull. This was especially to be noticed in Dau Lliw, 
 a smart little bitch, about i5lb. in weight, I should 
 say, who for some time was at the head of her race, 
 but her teeth were not quite level. Mr. C. H. Beck's 
 Fan was another excellent bitch of similar stamp, but 
 scarcely so round between the tops of the ears as 
 the one previously mentioned. Major Savage- more 
 recently showed some first rate terriers that were 
 much of the same style. 
 
 We have thus quite four diverse opinions, let 
 alone two or three more which emanated from 
 the decisions of modern show bench judges who 
 had awarded prizes to narrow-chested, flat-ribbed 
 abortions, soft in coat, and minus all character, 
 animals certainly dear at one-fourth the sum that 
 has been paid as their entry fees. " We must 
 encourage the breed," said one judge, in reply to 
 my strictures for his award of a prize to such a 
 creature. " Right enough," replied I ; il but you 
 encourage no breed when you award a prize to a 
 mongrel like that." Nor did he, although the speci- 
 men in question was shown from the kennels of a 
 well-known member of the Welsh Terrier Club. 
 
 Failing, then, to obtain much uniformity of opinion 
 orally, I had recourse to letter-writing, and from 
 Wales, the northern portion thereof, where these 
 
The Welsh Terrier. 237 
 
 terriers find most favour, in due course my reply 
 came. Certainly it was altogether in favour of the 
 identity and purity of the breed, and, being 
 from an ardent admirer of the type, and one who 
 knows what that type is, the opinion expressed must 
 be of that value I take it to be. Twenty years 
 ago my informant possessed " two rare, nice terriers 
 of the type shown now. Common enough then, 
 they were generally used in the country for the 
 ordinary terrier purposes. At Dolgelly a strain had 
 been kept in the family of Mr. J. G. Williams for 
 three generations. Mr. Griffith Williams, Trefeilar ; 
 Mr. Owen, Ymwlch ; and Mr. Edwards, Nanhorn 
 Hall, Pwllheli, had all owned Welsh terriers for 
 fifty or sixty years ; and Mr. Jones, of Ynysfor also, 
 the latter gentleman never being without a few 
 couples running with his scratch pack of hounds 
 upon and about the wild, rough country surround- 
 ing Beddgelert. Again, the late Mr. J. Rumsey 
 Williams, of Carnarvon, was an ardent admirer of 
 this variety, and several of the earlier strains which 
 have won show bench prizes can be traced from his 
 stock Mr. Dew's Topsy, Mr. J. E. Jones's Tansy, 
 and Mr. C. W. Roberts's Welsh Dick being the 
 most notable examples," Leaving North Wales 
 and going southwards, the same correspondent says 
 that Welsh terriers have been known there for one 
 
238 Modern Dogs. 
 
 hundred and fifty years in connection with the 
 Glansevin Hunt, and likewise with the Abererch 
 Hunt for almost as long a period. Now all these 
 dogs, of somewhat different strains, were produced 
 of similar type. Some were larger than others, 
 some shorter and thicker in head, nor were they all 
 identical in build and height from the ground ; still, 
 a similarity in appearance ran throughout, which 
 plainly betokened a common origin. 
 
 In addition to this practical argument in favour of 
 the Welshness of these terriers, classes were first 
 made for them at Welsh shows, the one held at 
 Carnarvon in July, 1885, I believe, being the earliest 
 of all ; but it was at Bangor, in the following 
 August, that the meeting took place which inaugu- 
 rated the club, following a suggestion made by a 
 correspondent in the columns of the Field some 
 short time earlier. 
 
 Returning for a moment to the various animals 
 exhibited as Welsh terriers, it is remarkable that by 
 far the three best dogs up to a certain date were 
 English-bred ones, and of English extraction, and 
 two of them came from the district of South 
 Durham and North Yorkshire. The latter were the 
 Welsher, first shown by Mr. A. Maxwell, Croft, 
 near Darlington, and the puppy Mawdwy Nonsuch, 
 purchased from the same gentleman at an enormous 
 
The Welsh Terrier. 239 
 
 price by Mr. E. W. Buckley, who for a long time 
 showed an unbeaten certificate. The third was the 
 well-known terrier General Contour, whose pedigree 
 is unknown, but he is credited with being an 
 Englishman so far as blood is concerned. 
 
 Another good dog about that time was little Bob 
 Bethesda, a true Welshman, and such dogs as 
 Lieut.-Col. Savage, Mr. W. S. Glynn, Mr. W. J. M. 
 Herbert, and other exhibitors now show, are for the 
 most part " pure Welsh ; " at any rate for some few 
 generations back. 
 
 A fairly, and not more than fairly, distinguishing 
 type has been produced, of which Mr. J. H. 
 Harrowing's Brynhir Joe, his sister, Dolly; Mr. W. 
 Hassell's Nan ; Mr. W. S. Glynn's Dim Saesonaeg ; 
 Mr. W. J. M. Herbert's Cymro Dewr II. ; Miss 
 Parker's Mona Fach and Lady Cymraeg ; Mr. 
 Roberts' Lady Ceredwen, and Lieut.-Col. Savage's 
 Sir Launcelot are perhaps about the best that are 
 being shown at the present day. But I am sadly 
 afraid if one went very carefully into the pedigrees of 
 some of the Welsh terriers entered as such, one would 
 find little Welsh about them beyond their names. 
 Just now there are many energetic admirers of the 
 Welsh terrier, including Miss Parker, Mr. Rother- 
 ham Cecil, Mr. W. B. Davenport, Mr. W. C. Roberts, 
 Mr. F. Bouch, Mr. W. J. M. Herbert, Mr. M. T. 
 
240 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Morris, Mr. W. S. Glynn, Mr. R. Hartley, and 
 others, who as a rule are strong supporters of the 
 club. 
 
 I think that the introducers of the Welsh terrier as 
 a variety of its own claimed a little too much for 
 their speciality, and in the Field of Aug. 15, 1885, 
 there is an account of how they can hunt the otter 
 and kill it too. I have seen an ordinary smooth- 
 coated fox terrier, which had been kennelled with 
 hounds, speak on the drag of an otter ; but that a 
 terrier, even a Welsh one, can pick up a cold 
 scent by the riverside in early morning and hunt it 
 out from pebble to pebble and rock to rock, now 
 this side the river and now on that, until the otter 
 is marked in some hover in the bank, I must see 
 before I can believe. And when the otter is found 
 and swum, and killed by a dozen little terriers with 
 weak jaws, without the aid of the poles and spears 
 and staves of the hunters, a climax is reached which 
 ought to make the Welsh terriers, that are said to 
 do so, the most popular breed of modern times. 
 But no terrier can do this, nor will anyone who has 
 seen otter hunting with hounds, and knows what 
 punishment the otter can take and give, believe it of 
 any small dog. Indeed, nature never intended them 
 for such work. That the Welsh terrier is a game, 
 plucky terrier, smart and active on land, at home 
 
The Welsh Terrier. 241 
 
 in the water, and free and kind in his disposition, I 
 have no manner of doubt. His blood, too, may be 
 of the bluest. Unfortunately, until lately, he has 
 been neglected and overlooked. A pedigree for over 
 a hundred years is good enough for any dog, and 
 such, I am told, some of our Welsh friends are 
 supposed to have. This, with the varied accom- 
 plishments he possesses, and his sprightly presence, 
 should enable him to sustain the position in public 
 favour he has so quickly reached. 
 
 I have no doubt that the so-called Welsh terrier 
 will retain his popularity, because he is a nice 
 little dog of a handy size, and, having usually been 
 reared out of kennels, that is, brought up in the 
 house, is affectionate, kindly, and desirable as a 
 companion, nor is he fond of fighting, and his 
 colour is pleasing. Judges, however, should not 
 lay too much stress upon the rich tan and deep 
 black to the sacrifice of more useful qualities. It 
 is in the matter of colour in dogs where trouble 
 has been caused, and an easy path laid for dishonest 
 practices. I am certain that had not so much been 
 thought of the blue colour in the Bedlington terrier, 
 he would have been a more popular dog to-day, 
 the same with the black and tan English terrier 
 likewise. Colour was required in both, and when 
 nature did not give it, such was produced 
 
 R 
 
242 Modern Dogs. 
 
 artificially. Now that the Welshman is well esta- 
 blished, let his admirers keep to one type and 
 one type alone. Discountenance all trimming and 
 plucking; show your dog naturally and he will be 
 far better than when trimmed, and plucked, and 
 singed, and dyed. To prove how he has prospered I 
 need only draw attention to the Stud Book, where in 
 1886 there were but half a dozen entries registered, 
 in 1893 there are fifty-one, and signs are not wanting 
 that the latter number will be increased in the near 
 future. 
 
 The Welsh Terrier Club is quite a powerful 
 and representative body, and it has issued the 
 following description of the dog it has under its 
 wing : 
 
 " Head. The skull should be flat, and rather 
 wider between the ears than the wire-haired fox 
 terrier. The jaw should be powerful, clean cut, 
 rather deeper, and more punishing giving the head 
 a more masculine appearance than that usually seen 
 on a fox terrier. Stop not too defined, fair length 
 from stop to end of nose, the latter being of a black 
 colour. 
 
 " Ears. The ear should be V-shaped, small, not 
 too thin, set on fairly high, carried forward and close 
 to the cheek. 
 
 " Eyes. The eye should be small, not being too 
 
The Welsh Terrier. 243 
 
 deeply set in or protruding out of skull, of a dark 
 hazel colour, expressive, and indicating abundant 
 pluck. 
 
 " Neck. The neck should be of moderate length 
 and thickness, slightly arched, and sloping grace- 
 fully into the shoulders. 
 
 " Body. The back should be short, and well 
 ribbed up, the loin strong, good depth, and moderate 
 width of chest. The shoulders should be long, 
 sloping, and well set back. The hindquarters 
 should be strong, thighs muscular, and of good 
 length, with the hocks moderately straight, well let 
 down, and fair amount of bone. The stern should 
 be set on moderately high, but not too gaily 
 carried. 
 
 " Legs and Feet. The' legs should be straight 
 and muscular, possessing fair amount of bone, with 
 upright and powerful pasterns. The feet should be 
 small, round, and cat-like. 
 
 " Coat. The coat should be wiry, hard, very 
 close, and abundant. 
 
 " Colour. The colour should be black and tan, 
 or black grizzle and tan, free from black pencilling 
 on toes. 
 
 " Size. The height at shoulder should be I5in. 
 for dogs, bitches proportionately less. Twenty 
 pounds shall be considered a fair average weight in 
 
 R 2 
 
244 
 
 Modern Dogs. 
 
 working condition, but this may vary a pound or so 
 either way." 
 
 Numerical points, not issued by the club : 
 
 Value. 
 
 Head, ears, eyes, jaw... 20 
 Neck and shoulders ... 10 
 
 Body 10 
 
 Loins and hind quarters 10 
 Legs and feet 15 
 
 65 
 
 Value. 
 
 Coat 15 
 
 Colour 10 
 
 General appearance and 
 character... 10 
 
 35 
 
 Grand Total, 100. 
 
 White in patches on the body or on breast, or 
 elsewhere, to any great extent, and teeth not level, 
 either undershot or overshot, disqualifications. 
 
-if 
 
 *.,*'. 
 
 \ v 
 
 
CHAPTER XL 
 THE SCOTTISH TERRIER. 
 
 FROM all I have been told, and from what I have 
 read, I believe that this little dog is the oldest 
 variety of the canine race indigenous to North 
 Britain, although but a comparatively recent intro- 
 duction across the border and into fashionable 
 society, at any rate under his present name. For 
 generations he had been a popular dog in the 
 Highlands, where, strangely enough, he was always 
 known as the Skye terrier, although he is so different 
 from the long-coated, unsporting-like looking creature 
 with which that name is now associated. Even 
 Hugh Dalziel, in the first edition of his " British 
 Dogs," published so recently as 1881, gives an 
 excellent illustration of the Scotch terrier which he 
 calls a Skye terrier. 
 
 Our little friend has, perhaps, been rather un- 
 fortunate so far as nomenclature is concerned, for, 
 after being called a Skye terrier, he became known 
 as the Scotch terrier, the Scots terrier, and the 
 
246 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Highland terrier ; then others dubbed him the Cairn 
 terrier and the Die Hard, whilst another move was 
 made to give him the distinguishing appellation of 
 the Aberdeen terrier. Now he has been thoroughly 
 wound up, and, I suppose to suit those persons of 
 teetotal proclivities who connected the word 
 " Scotch " with the national liquor called whiskey, 
 has developed into the " Scottish " terrier ; as 
 such he is known in the Stud Books, and 
 is acknowledged as of that name by the leading 
 Scotch, or Scottish, authorities on the variety. 
 Well, he is a game, smart, perky little terrier, and 
 I do not think that his general excellence and 
 desirability as a companion are likely to suffer from 
 the evolutions his name has undergone. Years 
 ago, before dog shows were invented, any cross 
 bred creature was called a Scotch terrier, especially 
 if he appeared to stand rather higher on the legs 
 than the ordinary terrier ; if he were on short legs 
 he was an " otter " terrier. 
 
 In an old " Sportsman," a three halfpenny little 
 magazine published in 1833, there is a wood 
 engraving, by no means a bad one, of " The Scotch 
 terrier." This is a big, leggy, cut-eared dog with 
 a docked tail, evidently hard in coat and very game 
 looking ; were such a dog to be shown to-day he 
 would be most likely to take a prize in the Irish 
 
The Scottish Terrier. 247 
 
 terrier classes. The letterpress description does 
 not, however, tally with the picture, for after saying 
 that the Scotch terrier is purest in point of breed, 
 it proceeds to state that " the Scotch terrier is 
 generally low in stature, seldom more than I2in. or 
 I4in. in height, with a strong muscular body and 
 stout legs ; his ears small and half pricked ; his 
 head is rather large in proportion to the size of his 
 body, and his muzzle is considerably pointed. His 
 scent is extremely acute, so that he can trace the 
 footsteps of other animals with certainty ; he is 
 generally of a sand colour or black, dogs of this 
 colour being certainly the most hardy and most to 
 be depended upon. When white or pied, it is a 
 sure mark of the imparity of the breed. The hair 
 of this terrier is long, matted, and hard over almost 
 every part of his body. His bite is extremely 
 keen." This is not a bad description of a Scottish 
 terrier of the present day, excepting that the matted 
 coat is not required, that the semi-erect ears are not 
 fashionable, and that a white specimen of pure blood 
 crops up occasionally. 
 
 However, the same writer goes on to state that 
 <( there are three distinct varieties of the Scotch 
 terrier, viz., the one above described j another about 
 the same size as the former, but with hair much 
 longer and more flowing, which gives the legs the 
 
248 Modern Dogs. 
 
 appearance of being very short. This is the 
 prevailing breed of the western isles of Scotland. " 
 This, of course, will answer for a description of our 
 ordinary Skye terrier. Then of the third variety, 
 which may be taken to be the ordinary or mongrel 
 variety, the writer in the " Sportsman " says this " is 
 much larger than the former two, being generally 
 from 15 to i Sin. in height, with the hair very hard 
 and wiry, and much shorter than that of the others. 
 It is from this breed that the best bull terriers have 
 been produced." 
 
 Whoever wrote the above I do not know, but 
 Thomson Gray, in his " Dogs of Scotland," 
 makes a similar quotation, which he says is from 
 " Brown's Field Book," also published in 1833. 
 However, I take the description to be interesting. 
 
 What to me appears to be the strangest part of 
 all, is that even the Highland sportsmen of that time, 
 and a little later, called their native terrier the Skye 
 terrier. St. John in his " Highland Sports " (1846) 
 alluded to some of his terriers as Skyes, when they 
 were undoubtedly our " die-hards." The long silky- 
 coated dogs of the western isles would have been no 
 use to a sportsman such as he, and although game 
 enough in their way, they, the Skyes, did not possess 
 the activity nor the power to tackle the wild cat, the 
 marten, and other vermin found in the wilds of 
 
The Scottish Terrier. 249 
 
 Sutherlandshire, where Charles St. John lived. 
 Moreover, he also calls them " Highland terriers." 
 
 He says, " Why do Highland terriers so often run 
 on three legs particularly when bent on mischief? 
 Is it to keep one in reserve in case of emergencies ? 
 I never had a Highland terrier who did not hop 
 along constantly on three legs, keeping one of them 
 up as if to rest it. 
 
 " The Skye terrier has a great deal of quiet intel- 
 ligence, learning to watch his master's looks and 
 understand his meaning in a wonderful manner. . . . 
 This dog shows great impetuosity in attacking 
 vermin of all kinds, though often his courage is 
 accompanied by a kind of shyness and reserve ; 
 but when once roused by being bit or scratched in 
 its attacks on vermin, the Skye terrier fights to the 
 last, and shows a great deal of cunning and general- 
 ship as well as courage. Unless well entered when 
 young they are apt to be noisy, and yelp and bark 
 more than fight. The terriers I have had of this 
 kind show some curious habits, unlike most other 
 dogs. I have observed that when young they 
 frequently make a kind of seat under a bush or 
 hedge, where they will sit for hours together 
 crouched like a wild animal. Unlike other dogs, too, 
 they will eat (though not driven by hunger) almost 
 anything that is given them, such as raw eggs, the 
 
250 Modern Dogs. 
 
 bones and meat of wild ducks or wood pigeons and 
 other birds that every other kind of dog, however 
 hungry, rejects with disgust. In fact, in many 
 respects their habits resemble those of wild animals. 
 They always are excellent swimmers, taking the water 
 quietly and fearlessly when very young." 
 
 My favourite author then proceeds to write of 
 their use in taking his master quickly up to a 
 wounded deer, but, irrespective of the latter, no 
 one can say that St. John's description does not 
 altogether tally with that of the Scotch terrier. It 
 is nearly twenty years since the late Captain Mackie 
 gave me a small, semi-prick eared dog he had got 
 from the north of Scotland, from which the above 
 description might have been taken. It ran at 
 times on three legs, was slow to be the aggressor, 
 but was a terrible punisher for a fourteen pound dog 
 when he did start ; and he, too, was at times shy and 
 reserved, and would eat grouse and pigeon as freely 
 as he would any butchers' meat. 
 
 Long before I owned this dog a friend of mine 
 had a similar one sent out of Caithness-shire, which 
 was called a " Skye terrier," but again he turned out 
 to be just a Scottish little fellow, short on the legs, 
 hard in coat, and as game as possible. Both these 
 were brown brindles in colour, which I fancy were at 
 that time more plentiful than the black brindles or 
 
The Scottish Terrier. 251 
 
 almost black dogs, oftener seen on the show bench 
 to-day. 
 
 It was about the year 1874 that a newspaper 
 controversy brought the Scottish terrier prominently 
 before the public, and the Crystal Palace shows and 
 the one at Brighton the following year, viz., in 1876, 
 provided classes for them, which, however, failed to 
 fill. Then there came a lull, a club was formed, and 
 in 1879 Mr. J. B. Morrison, of Greenock, was invited 
 to the Alexandra Palace show to judge the Scotch 
 terriers in a class which had been provided for them. 
 A few months later divisions were given them at the 
 Dundee show, when the winner, though a pure 
 " Scottie," was called a Skye terrier, and came from 
 that island. Birmingham provided a class in 1881, 
 and with an incompetent judge the prizes were 
 withheld, though such men as the late Captain 
 Mackie, Mr. Ludlow, and Mr. J. A. Adamson were 
 exhibitors. The Curzon Hall show appears to have 
 been rather unfortunate in this sort of thing, for 
 previously the leading prize in wire-haired fox terriers 
 was withheld when there was as good a specimen 
 of the variety as we ever saw on the bench or in the 
 ring at any time. However, another year things 
 went better with the Scottish terriers, as in 1883 
 Messrs. Ludlow and Blomfield, of Norwich, to whom 
 much of the credit for the popularisation of the 
 
252 Modern Dogs. 
 
 breed is due, again made entries and won chief 
 honours with their little dogs Rambler and Bitters. 
 Two years later Captain Mackie was the most 
 successful competitor, securing the leading prizes 
 with his historical Dundee and his lovely little bitch 
 Glengogo, and so we are brought right down to the 
 present time. 
 
 Much has been written of the various strains of 
 the Scottish terrier, but such are of little account, 
 as, although they were kept by many of the High- 
 land sportsmen on their estates, and used for hunting 
 purposes and for killing vermin, all had sprung 
 from a common origin. They had not sufficiently 
 distinguishing features from each other to merit a 
 separation, though every laird said his own breed 
 was the best and the only one to be found in its 
 original purity. However, be this as it may, there 
 is no doubt in my mind that this terrier had inhabited 
 Scotland long before modern writers told us what 
 they knew about dogs, and that all the stories about 
 the Skye terriers being in reality a half - bred 
 poodle or Maltese, made so by one of the breed 
 washed up from a shipwrecked vessel on the coast 
 of Skye, is all nonsense a traveller's tale and no 
 more. The so-called Aberdeen terrier is the Scottish 
 terrier pure and simple, and the Poltalloch terrier, 
 mentioned in " Dogs of Scotland," is a yellowish 
 
The Scottish Terrier. 253 
 
 white variety kept by the Malcolms at Poltalloch, in 
 Argyllshire, where the strain is carefully preserved. 
 These terriers only differ in colour from the ordinary 
 Scottish terrier. A white puppy occasionally appears 
 in a litter of the latter as it does sometimes in deer- 
 hounds Of course, if these white puppies were 
 reared and bred from, a strain of that colour would 
 eventually be perpetuated, and probably this has been 
 the case in the first instance at Poltalloch. Some 
 years ago Mr. Thomson Gray procured a white 
 bitch of pure pedigree for Captain Keene, a well- 
 known member of the Kennel Club. I have a 
 portrait of her by me now, and she is certainly a 
 Scottish terrier in every particular, and a great 
 favourite with her owner, who entered her in the 
 " Stud Book" as White Heather. From her, Cap- 
 tain Keene has had three litters to ordinary coloured 
 dogs of the breed, but not one of the puppies has 
 yet taken after their dam, all of them, strangely 
 enough, being either black or very dark brindle. 
 
 It is a somewhat remarkable fact that this white 
 Scottish terrier is occasionally produced in the 
 ordinary course from dark coloured parents ; the 
 Scottish deerhound likewise, but not frequently, 
 throws a similar puppy in the same way, and Mr. 
 J. Pratt has been successful in breeding two or three 
 Skye terriers pretty nearly pure white. In alluding 
 
254 Modern Dogs. 
 
 to these off coloured specimens one must not forget 
 that fawn or sandy Scottish terriers are by no means 
 infrequent, and two or three years ago Mr. A. 
 Maxwell, of Croft, near Darlington, won several 
 prizes with a dog of this colour, and a very good 
 specimen of his race too. We all know that the 
 fawn colour in deerhounds and in Skye terriers, 
 although not so prevalent as once was the case, is 
 still by no means uncommon. 
 
 The allusion to the Poltalloch terrier in the 
 " Dogs of Scotland " elicited the following com- 
 munication from Col. Malcolm, R.E., to the author 
 of the work in question : " The Poltalloch terriers 
 still exist in the Poltalloch Kennels, and I hope 
 that your recognition of them may make it more 
 possible to keep them up. They are not invari- 
 ably white, but run between creamy white and 
 sandy. A good one at his best looks like a hand- 
 some deerhound, reduced in some marvellous way. 
 They are gameness itself, and terrible poachers. 
 They love above all things to get away with a young 
 retriever, and ruin him for ever, teaching him every- 
 thing he ought not to know. As for wisdom, make 
 one your friend and he will know everything and do 
 it. I have known one whose usual amusement was 
 rat-killing, and who had never retrieved, go into a 
 hole in tender ice and bring out a wild duck, because, 
 
The Scottish Terrier. 255 
 
 I suppose, he thought it a shame to waste it when 
 his master had shot it. This chap had a great 
 friend, a mastiff bitch, and he used to swim along 
 water-rat infested streams, and she applying her 
 nose to the landward hole would snort a rat out of 
 his wits into the water, and into the terrier's jaws, 
 who, silently swimming, was keeping pace with his 
 friend. They are said in the kennels to have a trick 
 of suddenly turning upon one of their number and 
 putting it to death, and when they do this they leave 
 but little mark of their work, as they eat their 
 victim. They are kept for work fox and otter 
 hunting. They have consequently to be kept small, 
 and without the power which seems to be of such 
 value on the show bench. This could easily be got 
 by feeding up, but then the dogs would be of no 
 use in the fox cairns. As it is, they often push in 
 between rocks they cannot escape from, and so the 
 best get lost." 
 
 Of the original Scottish terriers some there were 
 with semi-erect ears, others with prick ears, as so 
 admirably produced in Mr. Wardle's picture at the 
 commencement of this chapter. The prick ears 
 are acknowledged now as the more fashionable, 
 though I fancy years ago the semi-prick ear was 
 the more common. I have seen some excellent 
 little dogs with semi-erect ears, as good as those 
 
256 Modern Dogs. 
 
 with erect ears, but the tyrant Fashion at present 
 holds only the latter the correct article, and by his 
 opinion we have to abide. Classes have been pro- 
 vided for each of the varieties at some of the leading 
 Scottish shows, but those for dogs with their ears 
 " down " have never been well supported. How- 
 ever, the fact must not be overlooked that as 
 puppies the ears are usually carried thrown back or 
 forwards, some even not attaining the correct and 
 erect position until six or eight months old. The 
 hard, crisp coat, too, does not always appear until 
 the puppy is casting its first set of teeth. And 
 this hard coat is a sine qua now, and no prize ought 
 to be given to any Scottish terrier unless the coat 
 is thoroughly hard and strong and crisp and close 
 it is the hard-haired Scottish terrier, a fact which 
 some judges have sadly overlooked. Another defect 
 too common and often over-looked is to be found 
 in the bat-like ears with round tips, which some 
 breeders consider to point to a cross with an impure 
 strain. However, they are very unsightly, and 
 ought to act as a very severe handicap on dogs 
 possessing such aural appendages. 
 
 There is no denying the fact, even if anyone 
 wished to do so, which I do not believe is possible, 
 that during the last half dozen years the Scottish 
 terrier has advanced very much in popularity. It 
 
The Scottish Terrier. 257 
 
 might have done so even to a greater extent had 
 there not been the Irish terrier and the fox terrier, 
 who had preceded him in the field. So far there 
 has not been much change in his make and 
 shape, although every now and then a cry out has 
 been made about big dogs winning. The gradation 
 to cause this is extremely simple and easy, and I 
 believe that the climatic, domestic, and other sur- 
 roundings of the Scottish terrier in the south have 
 more than a tendency to make him grow bigger 
 than he really ought to do. Originally few or any 
 of the best strains ran to more than i81b. weight at 
 most ; the majority of terriers were 4lb. below that 
 standard. Still, when a dog is brought into the 
 ring that in show form is 2olb., and he is good in 
 all respects, it is a difficult matter to discard him 
 on account of size. Thus he wins. Perhaps some 
 time later he meets a still bigger dog, one that may 
 run to 22lb. or 24lb., and it would be very difficult 
 to, as it were, disqualify the latter on account of 
 size alone. And so we have bigger dogs than 
 many people believe to be the correct size, winning 
 prizes. 
 
 Dundee, perhaps, when owned by Capt. Mackie, 
 and after, did as much winning as any Scottish 
 terrier. I fancy he of late years when on the 
 bench, having grown wide in front and thick, would 
 
 S 
 
258 Modern Dogs. 
 
 weigh not less than 24!!}., and other dogs equally 
 big have repeatedly been put into the prize lists at 
 our leading shows. Indeed, one well-known English 
 admirer of the variety says the great difficulty he 
 has in breeding these terriers is to keep them small 
 enough. In the show ring the only way would be 
 for the club to make a hard and fast rule as to 
 weight, and put each dog in the scale before 
 awarding it a prize or a card of honour. 
 
 Another matter to guard against is the production 
 of an inordinately long body and crooked fore 
 legs. Now, it is all very well for Scotsmen to say 
 that their terrier should have crooked fore legs, but 
 why should he have them ? There is no reason 
 in the world why such a pretty little dog ought to 
 be malformed, and crooked fore legs are a mal- 
 formation. Until recently no trouble had been 
 taken to have them as straight as they might be, and 
 so the crooked legs cropped up, as they always 
 have done and always will do with long heavy 
 bodies to support bodies indeed quite out of pro- 
 portion to the limbs. 
 
 A well-known scientist at the Natural History 
 Museum, South Kensington, on being asked his 
 opinion as to the crooked legs now found on many 
 varieties of the dog, said " the outward curve of 
 the fore limbs of the dachshund (and I suppose 
 
The Scottish Terrier. 259 
 
 of the Scottish terrier, although I do not know 
 them so well) is an inherited deformity unlike 
 anything in nature." 
 
 Mr. H. J. Ludlow, one of our oldest admirers of 
 the variety, is likewise of my opinion as to the 
 deformity of the crooked legs, and, in allusion to the 
 above, says this statement from South Kensington 
 is more of an argument in favour of straight fore legs 
 in a Scottish terrier than all the asseverations that 
 have been made by breeders of dogs crooked fronted, 
 that a straight front means ruination. " I take it that 
 if Nature thought bent fore legs were a necessary 
 formation for animals that depend upon burrowing 
 for their safety, nay, for their very existence, she 
 would have produced the requisite curve in at least 
 some of them. I am satisfied to have Nature for 
 my guide in breeding, and so long as I produce 
 terriers that have to follow and do to death these 
 straight-legged diggers, I shall be content with the 
 spades that I find she has supplied her creatures 
 with rather than run after the ' inherited deformities ' 
 that some prejudiced persons go rabid over. Look- 
 ing at the question from a show point of view, there 
 can be no doubt that a terrier with straight fore legs 
 is a far more taking animal than one with crooked 
 limbs, and, if for that reason alone, Scottish terriers 
 are, sooner or later, bound to be bred with fronts 
 
 S 2 
 
260 Modern Dogs. 
 
 as straight as those of the animals they are taught 
 to look upon as their hereditary foes." 
 
 We do not want the Scottish terrier as unwieldy 
 as the Dandie Dinmont or as the dachshund. A 
 more active animal than either is required one 
 that can climb over rocks both above and below 
 ground, and follow hounds in his kind of fashion. 
 We want him an active, symmetrical little dog, on 
 short legs, with a deep chest, not too long in 
 body in fact, just such an animal as is produced 
 on another page. Mr. Wardle has drawn me two- 
 Scottish terriers which, to my mind, in make, shape, 
 character, length of head, &c., are perfection. 
 
 There has of late been a tendency to give prizes 
 to dogs with unusually long and narrow heads. 
 Now this is again wrong, for with undue length of 
 head or face, the character of the dog is lost quite 
 as much, even more than it would be were the 
 head short and round and of the bull terrier type. 
 Craze for long heads has done harm to the modern 
 fox terrier, and I think no one will require attention 
 drawn to the injury the collie has sustained by the 
 introduction of long heads, which are quite foreign 
 to the breed. 
 
 That I do not not stand quite alone in my opinion 
 as to the size and weight of the Scottish terrier will 
 be inferred from the following description, which Mr. 
 
The Scottish Terrier. 261 
 
 Thomson Gray gives in " Dogs of Scotland " : 
 <( The greatest difficulty is to get straight legs and 
 ears tight up. My idea of a first-class specimen is 
 a very game, hardy-looking terrier, stoutly built, with 
 great bone and substance ; deep in chest and back 
 rib, straight back, powerful quarters, on short 
 muscular legs, and exhibiting in a marked degree a 
 great combination of strength and activity. In 
 several terriers shown the body is too long. This I 
 consider a grave fault, and by no means to be 
 encouraged. . . . Terriers built on such lines 
 are very active in their movements, and for going a 
 distance or taking a standing leap I do not believe 
 there is any short-legged breed of terrier can equal 
 them. 
 
 "The coat should be i^in. long, thick, dense, 
 lying close, and very hard, with plenty of soft under- 
 coat ; tail straight, carried well up, well covered 
 with hair, but not bushy. The ears should be as 
 small and as sharp pointed as possible, well carried 
 forward, and giving the dog a " varmint " appear- 
 ance. The skull should not be too narrow, being in 
 proportion to the terribly powerful jaw, but must be 
 narrow between the ears, these being carried well 
 up. If carried sluggishly they spoil the appearance 
 of the dog's head. The eyes should be small and 
 deep-set, muzzle long and tapering, and, as already 
 
262 Modern Dogs. 
 
 stated, very powerful ; teeth, extra large for size of 
 dog, and level. 
 
 " In colour I prefer a dark grey brindle, or 
 warm red brindle. Lately very dark colours have 
 been preferred, but, I think, this is a mistake, as 
 they are not so readily seen in the dark, and with 
 advantage a little lighter shade might be introduced. 
 Still I would certainly prefer a very dark colour dog 
 to one too light in hue. I5lb. or i61b. bitches and 
 j ylb. to i81b. dogs are the weights I like best." 
 
 Mr. Thomson Gray further says, in a letter recently 
 written: " While I am in favour of having the legs as 
 straight as possible, I would not sacrifice bone and 
 muscle to get this point, or make it a sine qua non 
 in judging, as most, if not all, of the best terriers of 
 this breed are a little bent, and any really straight- 
 legged specimens I have seen have been deficient 
 in bone, inclined to be leggy, and shelly in build. 
 Now it must be kept in mind that the Scottish 
 terrier is first of all a compact, firmly-built terrier, 
 showing extraordinary strength for his size, and to 
 lose these attributes is to lose the strongest points 
 in the breed. Straight legs may be made a fad 
 as much as any other point, and fanciers are apt 
 to run on one point to the detriment of the rest, 
 thus spoiling the even balance of the whole dog. 
 Keeping what I have said in view, I see nothing to 
 
The Scottish Terrier. 263 
 
 prevent these dogs being bred with straight legs, 
 at least so straight as not to be an eyesore to 
 look at." 
 
 The Scottish terrier in character and disposition 
 is charming, as a companion most sensible and 
 pleasant. He has no unpleasant smell from his coat, 
 nor does he carry so much dirt into the house from 
 the streets of the town and from the country lanes 
 as a Dandie Dinmont terrier. Another advantage he 
 possesses is that he is not so quarrelsome with other 
 dogs as many terriers are. He will fight, and punish 
 freely, too, when he is attacked and really has to 
 defend himself, but the few that I have owned were 
 slow to set about it. But when they did ! T never 
 saw such little dogs with such big teeth, and which 
 could make such big holes in the legs and ears of 
 a bigger opponent. They will go to water well 
 and to ground likewise, and for hunting rough gorse 
 coverts for rabbits are as useful as any other dark- 
 coloured terriers, but personally I prefer a white 
 dog for the latter purpose, as not so likely to be 
 taken for a rabbit and shot accordingly. 
 
 Some of the best Scottish terriers at the present 
 time are owned by Mr. H. J. Ludlow, Gorleston, and 
 Capt. Wetherall, Kettering, both of whom are most 
 successful breeders and exhibitors, such dogs as 
 the former's Brenda and Kildee, and the latter's 
 
264 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Tiree II., Buccleuch, and Queen of Scots being all 
 excellent specimens. Mr. J. N. Reynard's Revival 
 (a dog whose dam died during or just after whelp- 
 ing, and was brought up by hand) ; Mr. E. Thomp- 
 son's Ivanhoe, Mr. D. Cellar's Dundyvan, Mr. R. 
 Chapman's Heather Prince, Mr. Morton Campbell's 
 Stracathro Vision, Mr. A. MacBrayne's Corrie Dhu 
 and Cairn Dhu, are all quite in the first flight, and 
 equal to anything in the same line that has preceded 
 them. Then Mr. J. D. McColl, Glasgow; Mr. G. H. 
 Stephens, Aberdeen; Mr. D. J. Thomson Gray, 
 Dundee ; Mr. John A. Adamson, Aberdeen (one of 
 our very oldest exhibitors and admirers of the breed, 
 and whose Ashley Charlie was only beaten on two 
 occasions), Mr. J. F. Alexander, Kerriemuir (who 
 bred Whinstone, The Macintosh, and Argyle in 
 one litter) ; Mr. W. McLeod, Maryhill ; Mr. H. 
 Blomfield ; are all names well-known in connection 
 with this charming variety of terrier, which I 
 hope fashion will never change in character or 
 displace. 
 
 The Scottish Terrier Club, established in 1889, 
 has for its secretary Mr. A. McBrayne, Irvine, and 
 there is also a Scottish Terrier Club for England, the 
 older establishment of the two, of which Mr. H. J. 
 Ludlow is secretary. The description of the dog 
 issued by the former is as follows : 
 
The Scottish Terrier. 265 
 
 " Skull (value 5). Proportionately long, slightly 
 domed, and covered with short, hard, hair, about fin. 
 long or less. It should not be quite flat, as there 
 should be a sort of stop, or drop, between the 
 eyes. 
 
 " Muzzle (value 5). Very powerful, and gradually 
 tapering towards the nose, which should always be 
 black and of a good size. The jaws should be 
 perfectly level, and the teeth square, though the 
 nose projects somewhat over the mouth, which gives 
 the impression of the upper jaw being longer than 
 the under one. 
 
 " Eyes (value 5). Set wide apart, of a dark 
 brown or hazel colour ; small, piercing, very bright, 
 and rather sunken. 
 
 "Ears (value 10). Very small, prick or half 
 prick (the former is preferable), but never drop. 
 They should also be sharp pointed, and the hair on 
 them should not be long, but velvety, and they 
 should not be cut. The ears should be free from 
 any fringe at the top. 
 
 "Neck (value 5). Short, thick, and muscular; 
 strongly set on sloping shoulders. 
 
 " Chest (value 5). Broad in comparison to the 
 size of the dog, and proportionately deep. 
 
 "Body (value 10). Of moderate length, not 
 so long as a Skye's, and rather flat-sided ; but 
 
266 Modern Dogs. 
 
 well ribbed up, and exceeding strong in hind 
 quarters. 
 
 " Legs and Feet (value 10). Both fore and hind 
 legs should be short, and very heavy in bone, the 
 former being straight or slightly bent, and well set 
 on under the body, as the Scottish terrier should 
 not be out at elbows. The hocks should be bent, 
 and the thighs very muscular ; and the feet sirong, 
 small, and thickly covered with short hair, the fore 
 feet being larger than the hind ones, and well let 
 down on the ground. 
 
 " Tail (value 2^). Which is never cut, should be 
 about 7 inches long, carried with a slight bend, and 
 often gaily. 
 
 " Coat (value 15). Should be rather short (about 
 2 inches), intensely hard and wiry in texture, and 
 very dense all over the body. 
 
 "Size (value 10). About i61b. to i81b. for a bitch, 
 i81b. to 2olb. for a dog. 
 
 " Colours (value 2-5-). Steel or iron-grey, brindle 
 or grizzled, black, sandy, and wheaten. White 
 markings are objectionable, and can only be allowed 
 on the chest, and that to a small extent. 
 
 "General Appearance (value io).--The face 
 should bear a very sharp, bright, and active expres- 
 sion, and the head should be carried up. The dog 
 (owing to the shortness of his coat) should appear 
 
The Scottish Terrier. 267 
 
 to be higher on the leg than he really is ; but, at 
 the same time, he should look compact, and pos- 
 sessed of great muscle in his hindquarters. In fact, 
 a Scottish terrier though essentially a terrier cannot 
 be too powerfully put together. He should be from 
 9 inches to 12 inches in height. 
 
 FAULTS. 
 
 " Muzzle. Either under or overhung. 
 
 " Eyes. Large or light coloured. 
 
 (i Ears. Large, round at the points, or drop. It 
 is also a fault if they are too heavily covered with 
 hair. 
 
 " Coat. Any silkiness, wave, or tendency to curl, 
 is a serious blemish, as is also an open coat. 
 
 <( Size. Specimens over i81b. should not be 
 
 encouraged." 
 
 SCALE OF POINTS. 
 
 Value.; Value. 
 
 Skull 5 Legs and feet 10 
 
 Muzzle 5 Tail 2\ 
 
 Eyes 5 Coat 15 
 
 Ears 10 Size 10 
 
 Neck 5 Colours 2\ 
 
 Chest 5 General appearance ... 10 
 
 Body 15 
 
 50 
 Grand Total, 100. 
 
 5 
 
268 Modern Dogs. 
 
 I need scarcely say that the teeth must be large, 
 powerful, and white, and being undershot even in the 
 slightest degree should ensure disqualification. An 
 overshot or pig-jawed mouth ought to be a severe 
 handicap, and if very pronounced, likewise dis- 
 qualification. An uneven mouth in any terrier I con- 
 sider a terrible fault, one so serious that all puppies 
 which have their teeth uneven in the slightest 
 degree would, if in my possession, be destroyed. 
 Usually one can tell as soon as the puppy is born 
 how its " mouth " will be, but in some cases it is as 
 well to keep the youngster until it has got its adult 
 teeth before discarding him, as, if the unevenness is 
 not great in the first set of teeth, it may altogether 
 disappear with the second growth. 
 

CHAPTER XII. 
 THE DANDIE DINMONT TERRIER. 
 
 A COMMON belief prevails that Sir Walter Scott 
 invented the Dandie Dinmont terrier. Such was, 
 however, not the case, and long before 1814, when 
 " Guy Mannering " was written, and in which Scot- 
 land's greatest novelist and poet introduced the 
 character of Dandie Dinmont with his terriers Auld 
 Pepper and Auld Mustard, Young Pepper and 
 Young Mustard, and Little Pepper and Little 
 Mustard, similar dogs had been kept amongst the 
 sporting farmers, gipsies, tinkers, and potters who 
 resided about the Borders, or travelled there, 
 extending their peregrinations well into the south 
 of Scotland, and even to below Carlisle. 
 
 Sir Walter was, however, responsible for the name 
 this quaint variety of terrier bears at the present time. 
 One of his characters in the story alluded to, is 
 " Dandie Dinmont," who, without being drawn from 
 any particular individual, was no doubt intended to 
 represent a type of farmer at that time common 
 
270 Modern Dogs. 
 
 enough on the Borders strong, burly agriculturists, 
 with a passion for sport of all kinds, and perhaps never 
 more pleasantly employed than, with the aid of their 
 terriers, digging out and killing some fox that had 
 been making reprisals on their flocks. Such men 
 were but a part of the times, and there was no need 
 to draw upon the imagination for so fine a character 
 as " Dandie Dinmont " of Charlieshope, with which 
 the variety of dog of which I write has become so 
 strongly identified. 
 
 After the publication of " Guy Mannering " the 
 character of " Dandie Dinmont " was by common 
 consent applied to one James Davidson of Hyndlee, 
 of whom, however, Sir Walter Scott had never heard. 
 Still, the description appeared to fit him well, and 
 although he had never read the story himself, his 
 friends would, out of sheer fun, repeat passages to 
 him, over which it has been said Jamie was wont to 
 fall asleep. 
 
 This Davidson occupied a farm on Lord Douglas's 
 estate at Hyndlee, Roxburghshire, bordering the 
 Teviots, and in addition to being a keen sportsman 
 bore a character for his rough " outspokenness" and 
 honesty, as well as being a strong, powerful man, 
 and quite as hard in constitution as men reared and 
 brought up as he had been usually are. He 
 possessed an extra good strain of terriers, and 
 
The Dandle Dinmont Terrier. 271 
 
 although he sometimes had as many as ten and twelve 
 couples of them, they had but two names amongst 
 them, the blue or grey ones all alike being called 
 " Pepper," whilst those of a sandy or fawn hue were 
 known as " Mustard." 
 
 From these dogs of James Davidson's, it is 
 generally supposed the best strains of the modern 
 Dandie Dinmont terriers are descended, and here I 
 must at the outset draw attention to the practice 
 now so common of calling these dogs " Dandies," 
 leaving out the Dinmont and terrier. This custom 
 has become so prevalent that it is used not only in 
 speaking of them but by some persons in writing 
 of the variety. 
 
 I do not know whether to consider the Dandie 
 Dinmont terrier fortunate or unfortunate in 
 having so many chroniclers. No variety of dog 
 has had so much written about him in the news- 
 paper, and, moreover, Mr. Charles Cook, of Edin- 
 burgh, wrote his monograph, a remarkably handsome 
 volume, beautifully illustrated, published by David 
 Douglas in 1885, and which I believe is now out of 
 print. About twenty-two years ago the columns of 
 the Field were pretty well inundated with letters 
 concerning this dog, many of them written with con- 
 siderable feeling, and I fancy more with the idea of 
 puffing a particular strain than with any intention of 
 
272 Modern Dogs. 
 
 arriving at what was the correct type, or what the 
 origin of the dog had been. 
 
 Of the latter many peculiar ideas had been pro- 
 mulgated, one writer urged that the odd shape and 
 long body were originally obtained by a cross at 
 some remote period with the dachshund ; and, 
 strangely enough, this idea is still believed in some 
 quarters. Others suggested a cross between the 
 otter hound and some kind of terrier; whilst from 
 another quarter the more correct solution of the 
 mystery would come, that the Dandie Dinmont 
 terrier had been originally produced in the same 
 way as other varieties of the dog. He was like 
 Topsy, " he had growed," and no one was old enough 
 to bring proof as to when he did " grow " or how. 
 As some writers might say, and with exceeding 
 truth, " the origin of the Dandie Dinmont is lost in 
 the mists of obscurity," and the less I tell about 
 him before he became known on the show bench, 
 the better for my readers and for future generations. 
 
 As I have said, the Border farmers and others kept 
 a hardy race of short-legged terriers, answering to the 
 description of the Dandie Dinmont, even before the 
 end of last century. They assisted the hounds to 
 kill the otters, and of themselves were hardy enough 
 to destroy foxes in their holes, and the sweetmart 
 and the foulmart whenever they were come across. 
 
The Dandie Dinmont Terrier. 273 
 
 The dogs, as hardy as their masters, notwithstand- 
 ing their short legs and long bodies, were fairly 
 active. But the original Dandie Dinmont terrier 
 stood a little higher on the leg and was shorter in 
 the body than the modern article. This may be 
 observed by reference to early pictures of this dog, 
 notably to that by Landseer in his well known 
 portrait of Sir Walter Scott. Here a " mustard " 
 dog is introduced, said to have been painted from a 
 terrier then at Abbotsford, and which originally came 
 from James Davidson. 
 
 As to how he became crooked in front is more a 
 matter for scientists than for an ordinary writer about 
 dogs, but, more likely than the dachshund theory, 
 I would suggest that at some earlier period in his 
 history a terrier had been born with his or her fore 
 legs pretty well crooked, and somewhat stunted 
 thereon, as all terriers with unduly heavy bodies 
 undoubtedly must be. He proved, though slow, to 
 be a good hand at vermin, better indeed than others 
 of the same strain. Then he was freely bred from, 
 and his descendants were bred from, and so the strain 
 of crooked legs and long backs became perpetuated. 
 I am no believer in foreign crosses, and have often 
 smiled to find how often they crop up at most 
 convenient periods, and, as I have said before, these 
 unduly crooked fore legs are deformities, and Nature of 
 
274 Modern Dogs. 
 
 herself never intended them to be on any dog. We 
 must not forget that the original Dandie Dinmont 
 was a smaller dog than the modern one ; perhaps 
 in an endeavour to obtain greater bone, larger 
 heads, and stronger jaws, a cross with big terriers 
 was introduced, and as heavier bodies were procured 
 the legs gave way, which deformity, at first but 
 tolerated, eventually became hereditary. 
 
 Terriers and hounds were, a century or two ago, 
 kept in considerable numbers in the north of England, 
 and in Scotland, by the farmers and others, who 
 required them to kill the foxes which at certain 
 seasons of the year were extremely destructive to 
 the hill flocks. Some of the farmers would keep a 
 hound or two, another a few terriers, and so on, such 
 animals being great favourites, and forming part and 
 parcel of the family household. There is a story 
 told of one old Cumbrian, who, owing to the bad 
 times, had to leave his farm, and ultimately 
 he came to a state of extreme poverty. Friends 
 who had known him when in better circumstances 
 relieved him occasionally, but going from bad to 
 worse he was compelled to seek relief from the 
 parish. An officer called to see the poor old chap, 
 whom he found sitting in a broken-down chair with 
 an aged and grizzled foxhound at his feet. The 
 official told him that he could not receive any 
 
The Dandie Dinmont Terrier. 275 
 
 assistance so long as he kept the hound, and asked 
 that it might be destroyed. This the hungry farmer, 
 with tears in his eyes, would not allow; " Nea," he. 
 said, " me an' Bellman has leeved tagither an' we'll 
 dee tagither," and, notwithstanding the protestations 
 of friends, he refused to part with his dog, and 
 continued to starve and starve, sharing his crusts 
 with his faithful canine companion until the old 
 hound died. The master was not long in following 
 it to the grave. 
 
 Men such as the above kept the dogs on the 
 Borders ; so much per head was given for each fox 
 killed, the amount, which varied from sixpence to a 
 shilling each, no doubt going to pay for the refresh- 
 ment of the farmers and their servants when out on 
 such hunting expeditions, the whole of the hounds 
 and terriers kept in the district banding themselves 
 together on such occasions. The gipsies, too, were 
 a sporting lot then as they are now, and they had 
 their dogs too. Many of them, even as recently 
 as forty or fifty years ago, kept a couple or so of 
 otter hounds in addition to their terriers, and they 
 were keen at the sport. 
 
 About twenty years since I was otter hunting in 
 the north ; an otter had been bolted, which we had lost 
 for a short time, and our hounds were making casts 
 to pick up the lost scent. On the high road close 
 
 T 2 
 
276 Modern Dogs. 
 
 by were a couple of gipsies' vans, from one of which 
 stepped out a comely " Romanic." The weather 
 was cold even for the end of April. " Eh ! young 
 man," said she to me, " be careful wi' those hounds ; 
 both my father and grandfather became crippled wi' 
 rheumatiz before they were forty-five years old 
 through wading in the water when otter hunting." 
 I can see the young woman now as I saw her that 
 day, when, leaning on my pole, I watched old Rally 
 (young Rally then) trying every little stone by the 
 beck to find the missing scent, and I often wondered 
 why she so addressed me. Happily, wading in the 
 water, after either hounds or fish, has not yet 
 " crippled me wi' rheumatiz," although I heeded not 
 the gipsy's warning. 
 
 Perhaps 591116 of our terriers were descended 
 from " Piper Allan's," who was immortalised in Dr. 
 Brown's " Horae Subsecivae " (1858), where he said 
 of one of his dogs that it was " of the pure Piper 
 Allan breed." Piper Allan (Thomson Gray says, in 
 "Dogs of Scotland," 1891) was the son of William 
 Allan of Bellingham, Northumberland, who was born 
 in 1704. This William "had much shrewdness, wit, 
 and independence of mind, and in early life he 
 became a good player on the bagpipes. For a 
 livelihood he travelled about the country mending 
 pots and pans, making spoons, baskets, and brooms, 
 
The Dandle Dinmont Terrier. 277 
 
 and was an excellent fisherman. He married a 
 gipsy girl, and had six children, James (the " Piper") 
 being the youngest, and born in 1 734. 
 
 Dr. Brown says : " This Piper Allan lived in 
 Coquet Water, piping, like Homer, from place to 
 place, and famous not less for his dogs than for his 
 music, his news, and his songs. The Earl of 
 Northumberland of his day offered the piper a small 
 farm for one of his dogs, but after deliberating for a 
 time, Allan said, " Na, na, ma lord, keep yir ferum ; 
 what wud a piper do wi' a ferum? " 
 
 No doubt this dog was one of the same strain 
 with which the piper's father had hunted the otter, 
 about a dozen of which he kept for the purpose. It 
 was he who said of one of his crack dogs, " that 
 when Peachem gives mouth I dare always sell 't 
 otter's skin ! " Another well-known dog of his was 
 called Charlie, which, after doing some excellent 
 work in assisting to kill otters in a fish pond of Lord 
 Ravensworth's, at Eslington Hall, the steward wished 
 to buy at Allan's own price. This was, however, 
 refused with the expression that " the whole estate 
 wad nae buy Charlie." These stories certainly 
 favour the supposition that there was a strain of 
 hound in such terriers otter hound, of course, and, 
 judging from their appearance and characteristics, 
 I believe this was the case. 
 
278 Modem Dogs. 
 
 But I have already wandered too much in 
 Borderland and enjoyed myself in the realm of 
 supposititious history, and must advance into the 
 region of fact ; this I will commence with a 
 summary of an interesting letter from Mr. James 
 Scott, of Newstead, writing to the Field in 1869, 
 under the nom de plume of u A Border Sportsman. " 
 This letter was brought about by others that had 
 previously appeared in the same journal, just at 
 that period when the Dandie Dinmont terrier was 
 becoming popularised. 
 
 In 1800 James Davidson (he died in 1820) was 
 presented by Dr. Brown, Bridgeward, with a bitch 
 called Tar and a dog named Pepper, both very small 
 and very short in the leg, with long bodies, large 
 and long heads, ears large and pendant, like a 
 hound's or beagle's, but a little more pointed in the 
 lower end. About this time Mr. Davidson took 
 the Hyndlee farm, and shortly afterwards Mr. 
 Stephenson, the tenant in Plinderleigh, procured 
 for him another of those small terriers. It was no 
 relation to those he already had, being from Roth- 
 bury, where that peculiar small breed was to be 
 found in the greatest perfection, and bred by the 
 Aliens, Andersons, and Anguses. This Rothbury 
 specimen was very dark in colour and rough in coat. 
 The descendants of these three form the first of the 
 
The Dandle Dinmont Terrier. 279 
 
 pepper and mustard, or Dandle Dinmont, race of 
 terrier. 
 
 The true breed, proceeds Mr. Scott, was quickly 
 spread amongst Mr. Davidson's friends ; but next to 
 Davidson himself for keeping up and distributing the 
 pure race at the early period of its history were the 
 Rev. H. G. Baillie, of Mellerstans, and Mr. Home, 
 of Carrolside. I think from this we get as much 
 about the early history of the breed as is possible, 
 and it certainly is strong proof that it existed in the 
 last century, had certain otter hound-like charac- 
 teristics, and that there were, at any rate, some of 
 the strain considerably larger in size than others. 
 
 A rather noteworthy letter appeared much later in 
 the Field, viz., in 1878, as to the origin of Mr. James 
 Davidson's Dandie Dinmonts. This was written by 
 Mr. J. Davison, then residing at Andover, Hamp- 
 shire, who proceeds to say : " I, as rather more than 
 a sexagenarian, and a Border man, and one who in 
 almost his childhood took up with dandies, can, I 
 think, throw some light on the origin of those pos- 
 sessed by Mr. Davidson. The Border ' muggers ' 
 were great breeders of terriers the Andersons on 
 the English side, the Faas and Camells on the 
 Scotch side. In their perambulations they generally 
 met once or twice a year at Longhorsley, 
 Rochester (the ancient Bremenium of the Romans), 
 
280 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Alwinton, or some other Border village. If they 
 could not get a badger they got a foulmart, wild cat, 
 or hedgehog, at which to try their dogs. The 
 trials generally ended in a general dog-fight, which 
 led to a battle royal amongst the tribes represented. 
 "This afterwards led to a big drink and exchange of 
 dogs. Jock Anderson, the head of the tribe, had a 
 red bitch which, for badger drawing, cat, foumart, or 
 hedgehog killing, beat all the dogs coming over the 
 Border. Geordy Faa, of Yetholm, had a wire-haired 
 dog terrier, the terror of not only all other terriers in 
 the district, but good at badger, fox, or foumart. 
 They met at Alwinton, where Willie and Adam Bell 
 (noted terrier breeders) had brought a badger they 
 had got hold of at Weaford, near the Cheviots. 
 Both the red bitch and the dog of Faa's drew the 
 badger * every time they were put in. 'Jock 
 Anderson,' said Geordy, ' the dogs should be mated ; 
 let us have a grand drink, the man first doon to lose 
 his dog.' ' Done,' says Jock. They sent for the 
 whisky, which had never paid the king's duty, to 
 Nevison's, at the little house, having agreed to pay 
 2s. a quart for it. Down they sat on the green, fair 
 drinking ; in eighteen hours Jock tumbled off the 
 cart-shafts, and Geordy started off with the terriers. 
 The two dogs were mated, and produced the first 
 pepper and mustards, which were presented by 
 
The Dandie Dinmont Terrier. 281 
 
 Geordy to Mr. Davidson (Dandie Dinmont of ( Guy 
 Mannering ') ; strange to say, the produce were 
 equally the colour of pepper and mustard. The last 
 pair I saw of what I consider perfect dandies 
 were Robert Donkin's, at Ingram, near Alnwick, just 
 before I left the north in 1838. I have been at 
 shows, but never could identify any dandies shown 
 as at all like the original breed belonging to the 
 Telfords of Blind Burn, the Elliots of Cottonshope, 
 the Donkins of Ingram, and other Border farmers. 
 I am not a doggy man, but like to see all old 
 breeds kept distinct." 
 
 Prior to the letter of 1869 dog shows had come 
 into favour, and already classes had been provided 
 for Dandie Dinmont terriers, even at such an early 
 date as at Manchester in 1861, and at Birmingham 
 the following year. As a rule these divisions were 
 poorly represented, although in 1863 Mr. Aitken, of 
 Edinburgh, sent a dog to Cremorne, where it was 
 awarded but a third prize, the higher honours being 
 withheld. For some time the variety made little 
 progress, until an eventful show at Birmingham in 
 1867, where the two judges withheld all the prizes, 
 much to the consternation of the exhibitors, one 
 of whom, the Rev. W. J. Mellor, who showed his 
 Bandy, which had been placed first at the same 
 show the previous year, and usually won whenever 
 
282 Modern Dogs. 
 
 he was benched during three or four subsequent 
 seasons. 
 
 The Rev. Tenison Mosse was now on the scene 
 with his little dog Shamrock ; the newspaper corre- 
 spondence was having its weight, and the Dandie 
 Dinmont terrier was increasing in popularity. The 
 very heavy Sir Douglas came into the ring, much to 
 the chagrin of Scottish exhibitors, who said he was 
 too big, and that his sire Harry was a mongrel, 
 which he was not. Sir Douglas was a handsome, 
 sensible dog of my own ; he was too big, scaling 
 27lb., but he won a considerable number of prizes, 
 including first at the Border show, held at 
 Carlisle, in 1871, the Rev. J. C. Macdona and Mr. 
 S. Handley judging ; a dog called Punch, also by 
 Harry, and owned by Mr. Coulthard, being second. 
 The general public were satisfied with the awards, 
 but not so many of the Scottish fanciers, who were 
 terribly cut up at the defeat of their own cracks. 
 
 At this show Mr. Bradshaw Smith, of Blackwood 
 House, Ecclefechan, had four dogs and bitches 
 entered ; for about thirty years he had paid consider- 
 able attention to the Dandie Dinmont terrier, usually 
 having a score or so of them in his kennels. Some 
 of these were very good ; his dog Dirk Hatterick, for 
 instance, who had been written of as the " incom- 
 parable Dirk." Shem was another good dog ; he 
 
The Dandie Dinmont Terrier. 283 
 
 had a bitch or two even better than either of these r 
 and no doubt the whole of the inhabitants of his 
 kennel were extremely well bred. They had been 
 " boomed " somewhat, and it came as a great 
 disappointment to many that at the Border 
 Counties Show r they were passed over altogether r 
 owing to bad condition. Dirk was one of the batch 
 entered. As a matter of fact, the Blackwood House 
 kennels had for years required a change of blood, 
 they having become so inbred as to be delicate, 
 weedy, and generally unsatisfactory. This was 
 greatly to be deplored, as I believe they had 
 originally been excellent dogs in every way, and Mr 
 Cook tells us, in his monograph on the breed, that 
 some of them would kill a badger outright. On an 
 occasion when their courage was put to a severe test 
 it was the custom to slip a terrier at two badgers at 
 once, when the dog would " pin " the one and at the 
 same time the other badger was inflicting severe 
 punishment, which was borne without a murmur. 
 The same authority says that in 1880 five of the 
 Blackwood House Dandie Dinmonts were wilfully 
 poisoned, and unfortunately the miscreant who did 
 the deed was never discovered. When Mr. 
 Bradshaw Smith died in 1882 the kennel consisted 
 of thirteen terriers, which with a single exception 
 were dispersed. 
 
284 Modern Dogs. 
 
 About this time Messrs. Robert and Paul Scott, 
 of Jedburgh, who tramped their district as pedlars 
 or hawkers, were well known for the excellent Dandie 
 Dinmonts they possessed, and right proud were the 
 two brothers of their strain, and of their dog Peachem. 
 Robert brought his favourite southwards on one or 
 two occasions, winning first at the Crystal Palace 
 Show in 1872, and he also had second given him at 
 Birmingham. Peachem was to my idea an ideal of 
 his race not too big, not too little, good in coat, 
 colour, and top knot, nicely domed in skull, shapely, 
 well arched in body, and not too crooked in front. 
 Robert Scott was wont to say, " Eh, eh ! Its ainlie 
 thejoodges can beat Peachem." 
 
 Dr. Grant's, of Hawick, Dandie Dinmonts and 
 hounds are pleasantly alluded to by " The Druid " in 
 Turf, Field, and Farm. Mr. Nicol Milne, of Faldon- 
 side ; Mr. F. Somner, West Morriston ; Mr. James 
 Atkins, Maryfield ; Mr. Hugh Purvis, Leaderfoot ; 
 Mr. Nisbet, Rumbleton ; with some few others, had 
 leading kennels of this variety when it first came to 
 be recognised by the wily southerns as a desirable 
 dog to keep. They and others bred a good many 
 of them, with which the market was soon supplied, 
 and of such we find those that are with us at the 
 time I write. 
 
 A somewhat noteworthy show was held at Carlisle 
 
The Dandle Dinmont Terrier. 285 
 
 later in the seventies, viz., in 1877, when it was 
 announced that the awards would be made by points, 
 the judges being Messrs. Pool and J. B. Richardson. 
 There was the largest entry which had hitherto been 
 brought together, eighty-five of the Dandie Dinmont 
 terriers competing. There was no particular 
 uniformity in the awards of prizes after all, and two 
 of the chief honours went to animals of quite distinct 
 type the one to Shamrock, already alluded to, who 
 then weighed 2olb. and was given seventy-eight points 
 out of the possible hundred ; the other to Mr. W. 
 Carrick's mustard dog Harry Bertram, who weighed 
 27-Jlb., and was given fifty-nine points out of the 
 possible hundred. This, I fancy, was the beginning 
 and ending of judging Dandie Dinmonts by points, 
 and there were some odd awards made by the 
 Scotsmen in those days, whatever they might say 
 about those made by English judges. One of the 
 latter had written that a Dandie Dinmont should 
 have erect ears ! 
 
 The terrier of which I write was, at this period, in 
 the hey-day of his popularity. Leading exhibitors 
 and the chief shows were supporting him. The late 
 Mr. J. H. Murchison, the Rev. J. C, Macdona, Mr. 
 James Locke, Selkirk ; Mr. W. Carrick, Carlisle ; 
 Mr. James Cook, Edinburgh ; Mr. A. Irving and Mr. 
 Pool, Dumfries; Capt H. Ashton, Mr. A. H. T. 
 
286 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Newcomen, Kirkleatham ; Mr. W. Dorchester, 
 Reading; Mr. Slater, Carlisle; Mr. J. Finchett, 
 Wales ; and Mr. Coupland at one time or another 
 were working in the dog's interests. Following 
 them, or almost contemporary with them, came Mr. 
 Archibald Steel, the Earl of Antrim, Capt. Keene, 
 Mr. R. Stordy, Mr. D. J. T. Gray, Mr. A. Weaver, 
 Mr. A. Kemball Cook, Mr. W. Walker, Mr. J. 
 Sherwood, jun., the Rev. S. Tiddeman, Mr. 
 Houleston, Mr. T. Maxwell, Mr. J. Clarke, Mr. G. 
 Shiel, Mr. J. E. Dennis, Mr. E. W. Blogg, and 
 Mr. G. A. B. Leatham, of Tadcaster, Yorkshire; 
 Mr. J. Flinn, Portobello ; and Dr. Hadden, Melrose. 
 All have at one period or another owned excellent 
 specimens, and for a time the Earl of Antrim was a 
 most enthusiastic admirer of the variety. He tried 
 various crosses, and was so fortunate that at one of 
 the south country shows about eight years ago he 
 made entries in both the Dandie Dinmont and 
 Bedlington terrier classes, obtaining a prize or 
 honourable mention in each with two dogs out of the 
 same bitch and by the same sire. This can really 
 be called successful breeding, and it certainly shows 
 how nearly allied are these two strains of terrier. It 
 must not be forgotten that both varieties sprang 
 pretty much from the same locality. 
 
 Mr. Leatham, at Thorp Arch, Boston Spa, who 
 
The Dandle Dinmont Terrier. 287 
 
 has kept the breed for over twenty years, has at the 
 present time the largest and best kennel of Dandle 
 Dinmont terriers ever owned by one man, and has 
 seldom less than ten couple running about, not 
 counting the young puppies. The catalogues and 
 the Kennel Stud Books show their winnings, and 
 so even an entry can Mr. Leatham turn out that 
 on more than one occasion he has won the prize for 
 the best team of terriers in the show, and so recently 
 as 1893 his entry was awarded the special at 
 Edinburgh for the best team of non-sporting dogs in 
 the show. However, more than this the Thorp 
 Arch Dandie Dinmonts are properly trained and 
 educated in all the duties which a good terrier ought 
 to perform. Mr. Leatham, with the pride of an 
 enthusiast, says " they are the gamest terriers on 
 land or in water he ever saw." He proceeds to 
 say "that they are first-rate ratters; he has bolted 
 foxes with them when hounds have run them to 
 ground, and they do their duty willingly. But," 
 says Mr. Leatham, " the best test is with badgers," 
 which he has every opportunity of utilising in their 
 wild state, as there are several earths in the neigh- 
 bourhood in which he resides. He has never known 
 one of his Dandies show the " white feather, though 
 he has seen fox terriers bolt directly the badger 
 came in sight. On the contrary, the Dandies will 
 
288 Modern Dogs. 
 
 stand terrible punishment, and Ainsty King, a well- 
 known bench winner, had an hour and a half with 
 one badger and received a severe mauling ; one bite 
 through the shoulder incapacitating him from further 
 work for a long time. King, though not more than 
 I9lb. in weight, will tackle a badger and never leave 
 go until compelled to do so." 
 
 Mr. Leatham also uses his terriers for rabbiting, 
 and finds them particularly handy in the prickly 
 gorse coverts through which an ordinary terrier will 
 not work, and he likewise trains them* to hunt the 
 hedgerows, and generally for doing the work of an 
 all-round dog. He concludes his eulogy of his 
 favourite breed by pronouncing them excellent house 
 dogs, kindly with children, and he considers them 
 as game as ever they were even when the border 
 gipsies had them as assistants in killing otters in the 
 ponds and the rivers of their " patrons." 
 
 Latterly a considerable amount of discussion has 
 been going on relative to the reputed trimming of 
 the coat and face of the Dandie Dinmont. That 
 this has been done, and is still done in many 
 instances, I have had ample proof, and I always 
 have blamed the judges for not putting it down with 
 a strong hand. This they could easily do by dis- 
 qualifying any dog where the hair had been removed 
 off the face, and where the top knot had been 
 
The Dandie Dinmont Terrier. 289 
 
 artificially whitened. Dogs with uneven mouths, 
 either overshot or undershot, ought likewise to be 
 firmly dealt with, and kept altogether out of the prize 
 lists. Of course, there are some exhibitors who do 
 not so " trim " their dogs, as there are others who 
 deny that anything of the kind is done to any unfair 
 extent. But the fact remains, and at least two 
 owners of good dogs to my knowledge discontinued 
 exhibiting, their chief reason for so doing being the 
 prevalence of plucking and general trimming of the 
 coat and face. 
 
 Whether the best specimens of to-day are as 
 good or better than those of twenty years and more 
 ago is rather a difficult problem to solve. Our 
 judges do not always quite stick to type, and some 
 of the southern bred dogs that have done a great 
 deal of winning of late are to my mind too light in 
 bone and generally weak, unterrier-like, and consti- 
 tutionally puny in appearance. Though the Dandie 
 Dinmont is not, as a rule, used by the " show man " 
 as a working terrier, he must not be allowed to 
 degenerate into a ladies' pet. Remember that the 
 border farmer and gipsies used them for work long 
 before Sir Walter Scott christened them Dandie 
 Dinmonts and made them fashionable dogs. 
 
 A writer in the Scottish Fancier, about twelve 
 months since, gave his opinion, in very strong 
 
 U 
 
290 Modern Dogs. 
 
 language, that the Dandle Dinmont was degenerating. 
 He said : " Dandie Dinmont terrier fanciers talk of 
 the great improvement that has taken place in their 
 favourite breed during the last decade. We fail to 
 see it. Our opinion is that we are fast losing the 
 points that go to make a good Dandie Dinmont. 
 The large, full, dark expressive eye, which displays 
 so much affection and strength of character some 
 would call it 'dourness' is unfortunately too seldom 
 seen ; the large full-domed skull is equally rare; and 
 for one that has a good arched back there are dozens 
 that are as flat as a Skye terrier. Bone, legs, and 
 feet are also in need of improvement. These cannot 
 be made by the aid of finger and thumb, so are 
 allowed to go from bad to worse. The cause of 
 the degeneracy we cannot tell. Faulty judging has 
 certainly something to do with it, and if something is 
 not done the strong-boned, small-sized, big-eyed, 
 silver-domed terrier will be a thing of the past." 
 Words like these from an authority on the breed 
 must have weight, and ought to be borne in mind, 
 but dog breeders are almost as obstinate in their 
 fancies as a woman is in the choice of a bonnet or 
 mantle. 
 
 As a companion, the Dandie Dinmont terrier is 
 quite satisfactory. He is game, intelligent, as a rule 
 free from vice, and no more addicted to a fight than 
 
The Dandie Dinmont Terrier. 291 
 
 other varieties of the terrier. His long body and 
 short legs enable him to carry a considerable amount 
 of street dirt into the house when he is made a part 
 and parcel of the family. Otherwise he is a good 
 family quadruped, being fond of children and 
 amiable in his disposition. To my mind, he is not 
 so useful as an assistant to hounds as a fox terrier, 
 or as a longer-legged, more active dog. Nor is he 
 fast enough for rabbit coursing. The latter is, no 
 doubt, an advantage to them from a moral point of 
 view, because coursing matches with bagged rabbits 
 are not likely to be made in his favour, as is unfor- 
 tunately the case with the modern fox terrier. The 
 Dandie Dinmont, a hard bitten, determined terrier, 
 is liable to kill his fox underground, if he can get to 
 him, rather than drive him into the open, nor is he 
 of that form likely to make him an active water 
 dog, though fond enough of a swim. He is quaint 
 in appearance, by no means unornamental on the 
 hearthrug before the dining-room fire, and will repay 
 in affection for anything that he eats when kept as 
 a dog in the house. 
 
 No better dog as a " friend " could possibly have 
 been than the writer's Sir Douglas, alluded to 
 earlier on. Often the companion of my fishing 
 excursions, he knew when to hunt rats and when 
 not to do so. He struck up an acquaintance with a 
 
 U 2 
 
292 Modern Dogs. 
 
 family who lived near some gunpowder works, with 
 whom I used to leave a salmon rod to use as 
 occasion required. Douglas liked the people there, 
 he liked the children. In the winter season, when 
 we did not go fishing, Douglas paid weekly visits 
 on his own account, walking quietly along the foot- 
 paths through the fields, never leaving the " trod " 
 though rabbits might be on both sides of him. He 
 was petted by the youngsters, wagging his great 
 tail the while, and in an hour was off on his return, 
 taking the same route as he had on the outward 
 journey. Again, if I left him at home when I had 
 gone out angling, in nine cases out of ten he 
 would meet me on the road back, two miles or so 
 out of the town, especially at night time. Poor 
 dog ! he had a sad failing, he loved killing a cat, 
 but knew well enough he ought not to do so. Let 
 " pussy " spit at him, her life was soon over. 
 He liked to go out to afternoon tea with the 
 children and their nurse who were our neighbours. 
 On one occasion a large and ferocious brown 
 retriever flew at one of the youngsters, Douglas was 
 at the dog's throat in an instant, and it was generally 
 believed he saved the child from being worried to 
 death, as the brute was, a short time afterwards, 
 destroyed by magisterial orders for almost killing a 
 little girl. The same afternoon Douglas was in 
 
The Dandle Dinmont Terrier. 293 
 
 disgrace, because he killed the cat in the house 
 where his family party were taking tea. 
 
 I could name the date and the show, but I will 
 not do so for reasons that are no doubt apparent. 
 More than twenty years since a semi-tame fox was 
 on view as an additional attraction at one of our 
 canine exhibitions in the north of England. Some 
 of the keepers and committee who were on duty 
 during the night having an idea that they could 
 have a bit of sport, unbenched two or three of the 
 wire-haired terriers, said to be " good at badger, fox, 
 or fighting," and one by one let them at the poor 
 fox. However, sport there was none, for the terriers 
 would not tackle their game at any price. " Try 
 Sir Douglas " (who was benched at the same 
 show) said one fellow, and Sir Douglas was at once 
 brought upon the scene, and, licking his lips as 
 was his wont under such circumstances made a 
 dash at the fox, immediately pinning it by the throat, 
 much to the chagrin of those who were in charge 
 of the show. Somehow or other they managed to 
 get the dog off before the fox was quite killed, 
 though the poor thing died just after the show it 
 was thought from distemper contracted thereat. 
 
 What the above' favourite dog of mine was as a 
 companion, no doubt any ordinary Dandie Dinmont 
 would prove to be under proper training, and, even 
 
294 Modern Dogs. 
 
 at the risk of being considered egotistical, I have 
 ventured to give the above particulars of a dog 
 once well known on the show-bench, and the men- 
 tion of whose name to some people would have 
 much the same effect as a red rag is said to have 
 upon a bull. 
 
 Although it is always very much a matter of 
 opinion as to what are or have been the best Dandies 
 of modern and of recent times, it may be as well 
 to give a list of a few I have known, as such 
 might perhaps come in useful for future reference. 
 There was Capt. Lindoe's Dandie (who won at 
 Cremorne in 1864), Mr. W. Dorchester's Cloudie 
 and Jock, Mr. J. H. Murchison's Melrose, Mr. 
 Macdona's Kilt, Mr. P. Scott's Peachem and 
 Nettle, Rev. T. Mosse's Shamrock and Vixen, Mr. 
 Bradshaw Smith's Dirk, Mr. J. Locke's Sporran 
 and Doctor, Mr. J. A. Mather's Warlock, Mr. 
 W. F. A. B. Coupland's Border Prince, Mr. D. 
 Bailie's Border King, the mustards Mr. Steel's 
 Edenside and Mr. Clark's Heather Sandy ; Mr. 
 G. Graham's Maud II., Mr. Leatham's Heather 
 Peggy, his Little Pepper II. and Ainsty Belle, Mr. 
 J. T. Gray's Philabeg, Mr. W. T. Barton's May 
 Queen, Mr. Stordy's Rab, Mr. T. F. Slater's Tweed- 
 mouth, and an excellent bitch which came out 
 at Manchester in 1894, Mr. J. Brough's Belle Coota. 
 
The Dandie Dinmont Terrier. 295 
 
 A club to look after the interests of the Dandie 
 Dinmont terriers in England was formed in 1875, 
 only a year after the Kennel Club was established 
 In 1885 came a Scottish club, and in 1889 the 
 South of Scotland Dandie Dinmont Terrier Club 
 was duly formulated, and at once took a leading 
 position. The points and description of their 
 special terrier appear to have been most carefully 
 drawn up, its members and committee are thoroughly 
 representative, and because such is the case I give 
 their description here. This is as follows : 
 
 Head. Strongly made and large, not out of pro- 
 portion to the dog's size, the muscles showing 
 extraordinary development, more especially the 
 maxillary. Skull broad between the ears, getting 
 gradually less towards the eyes, and measuring about 
 the same from the inner corner of the eye to back 
 of skull as it does from ear to ear. The forehead 
 well domed. The head is covered with very soft, 
 silky hair, which should not be confined to a mere 
 topknot, and the lighter in colour and silkier it is the 
 better. The cheeks, starting from the ears propor- 
 tionately with the skull, have a gradual taper towards 
 the muzzle, which is deep and strongly made, and 
 measures about 3in. in length, or in proportion to skull 
 as three is to five. The muzzle is covered with hair 
 of a little darker shade than the topknot, and of the 
 
296 Modern Dogs. 
 
 same texture as the feather of the fore legs. The 
 top of the muzzle is generally bare for about an inch 
 from the back part of the nose, the bareness coming 
 to a point towards the eye, and being about lin. 
 broad at the nose. The nose and inside of mouth 
 black or dark-coloured. The teeth very strong, 
 especially the canine, which are of extraordinary size 
 for such a small dog. The canines fit well into each 
 other, so as to give the greatest available holding 
 and punishing power, and the teeth are level in front, 
 the upper ones very slightly overlapping the under 
 ones. [All undershot and overshot specimens will 
 not be recognised by the society.] 
 
 Eyes. Set wide apart, large, full, round, bright, 
 expressive of great determination, intelligence, and 
 dignity ; set low and prominent in front of the head ; 
 colour, a rich, dark hazel. 
 
 Ears. Large and pendulous, set well back, wide 
 apart and low on the skull, hanging close to the 
 cheeks, with a very slight projection at the base, 
 broad at the junction of the head, and tapering 
 almost to a point, the fore part of the ear tapering 
 very little the taper being mostly on the back part, 
 the fore part of the ear coming almost straight down 
 from its junction with the head to the tip. They are 
 covered with a soft, straight, brown hair (in some cases 
 almost black), and have a thin feather of light hair 
 
The Dandle Dinmont Terrier. 297 
 
 starting about two inches from the tip, and of nearly 
 the same colour and texture as the topknot, which 
 gives the ear the appearance of a distinct point. The 
 animal is often one or two years old before the 
 feather is shown. The cartilage and skin of the ear 
 should not be thick, but rather thin. Length of ear, 
 from 3in. to 4-in. 
 
 Neck. Very muscular, well-developed and strong, 
 showing great power of resistance, being well set 
 into the shoulders. 
 
 Body. Long, strong, and flexible, ribs well sprung 
 and round, chest well developed and let well down 
 between the fore legs ; the back rather low at the 
 shoulder, having a slight downward curve and a 
 corresponding arch over the loins, with a very 
 slight gradual drop from top of loins to root of 
 tail ; both sides of backbone well supplied with 
 muscle. 
 
 Tail. Rather short, say from Sin. to loin., and 
 covered on the upper side with wiry hair of darker 
 colour than that of the body, the hair on the under 
 side being lighter in colour, and not so wiry, with a 
 nice feather about 2in. long, getting shorter as it 
 nears the tip ; rather thick at the root, getting 
 thicker for about 4in., then tapering off to a point. 
 It should not be twisted or curled in any way, but 
 should come up with a regular curve like a scimitar, 
 
298 Modern Dogs. 
 
 the tip, when excited, being in a perpendicular line 
 with the root of the tail. It should neither be set on 
 too high or too low. When not excited it is carried 
 gaily, and a little above the level of the body. 
 
 Legs. The fore legs short, with immense 
 muscular development and bone, set wide apart, the 
 chest coming well down between them. The feet 
 well formed, and not flat, with very strong brown or 
 dark-coloured claws. Bandy legs and flat feet are 
 objectionable, but may be avoided the bandy legs 
 by the use of splints when first noticed, and the flat 
 feet by exercise, and a dry bed and floor to kennel. 
 The hair on the fore legs and feet of a blue dog 
 should be tan, varying according to the body colour, 
 from a rich tan to a pale fawn ; of a mustard dog 
 they are of a darker shade than its head, which is a 
 creamy white. In both colours there is a nice 
 feather, about 2in. long, rather lighter in colour than 
 the hair on the fore part of the leg. The hind legs 
 are a little longer than the fore ones, and are set 
 rather wide apart, but not spread out in an unnatural 
 manner, while the feet are much smaller ; the thighs 
 are well developed, and the hair of the same colour 
 and texture as the fore ones, but having no feather 
 or dewclaws ; the whole claws should be dark, but 
 the claws of all vary in shade according to the colour 
 of the dog's body. 
 
The Dandle Dinmont Terrier. 299 
 
 Coat. This is a very important point ; the hair 
 should be about 2in. long, that from skull to root of 
 tail a mixture of hardish and soft hair, which gives a 
 sort of crisp feel to the hand. The hard should 
 not be wiry ; the coat is what is termed pily or 
 pencilled. The hair on the under part of the body 
 is lighter in colour and softer than on the top. 
 The skin on the belly accords with the colour of the 
 dog. 
 
 Colour. The colour is pepper or mustard. The 
 pepper colour ranges from a dark blueish black to a 
 light silvery grey, the intermediate shades being 
 preferred, the body colour coming well down the 
 shoulder and hips, gradually merging into the leg 
 colour. The mustards vary from a reddish-brown to 
 a pale fawn, the head being a creamy white, the legs 
 and feet of a shade darker than the head. The 
 claws are dark, as in other colours. [Nearly all 
 Dandie Dinmont terriers have some white on the 
 chest, and some have also white claws.] 
 
 Size. The height should be from Sin. to i lin. at 
 the top of shoulder. Length from top of shoulder 
 to root of tail should not be more than twice the 
 dog's height, but, preferably, lin. or 2in. less. 
 
 Weight. From i4lb. to 24.1b., the best weight as 
 near i81b. as possible. These weights are for dogs 
 in good working order. 
 
300 
 
 Modern Dogs. 
 
 The relative values of the several points in the 
 standard are apportioned as follows : 
 
 Value. 
 
 Legs and feet 10 
 
 Coat 15 
 
 Colour 5 
 
 Size and weight 5 
 
 General appearance ... 5 
 
 Head 
 
 Value. 
 10 
 
 Eyes 
 
 10 
 
 Ears 
 
 10 
 
 Neck 
 
 c 
 
 Body . 
 
 20 
 
 Tail 
 
 c: 
 
 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 Grand Total, 100. 
 
. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 THE SKYE TERRIER. 
 
 THE question which is now agitating those who are 
 most concerned in the welfare and well-being of the 
 Skye terrier is a peculiar one. " What is it? Is it 
 to be a toy or a sporting dog ? " is the question for 
 discussion, and, as usual where a controversy is con- 
 cerned, there are at least two parties who seemingly 
 hold different opinions. 
 
 We all know that of late years at any rate, the 
 Skye terrier has been produced to such perfection, 
 so far as length of coat is concerned, that it would 
 be actually impossible for him to perform the proper 
 duties of a terrier. Then, too, the coat is soft, not 
 so hard and wiry as it ought to be, and, of course, 
 more suitable for carrying wet and dirt than for 
 getting rid of it. Strangely, there are modern 
 writers who have identified the description of the 
 " Iseland" dogges mentioned by Caius as identical 
 with the Skye terrier. I am pretty well certain that 
 the hardy, warlike, matter-of-fact Scots who lived 
 
302 Modern Dogs. 
 
 and fought and robbed before and during Caius's 
 time never owned a dog of any kind that could not 
 be made useful. This could never be the case with 
 the modern Skye terrier, with his long coat and 
 shaggy head. In the sixteenth century, and earlier, 
 there was, no doubt, a Scottish terrier, but he was the 
 " die hard " of the present day rather than the Skye. 
 In proof of this one of the leading writers on dogs so 
 recently as 1881 confounds the two varieties, so 
 far as to give us an excellent illustration of a hard- 
 haired Scottish terrier which he is fain to call a 
 Skye terrier. Perhaps the learned writer, Hugh 
 Dalziel, is not so much to blame for this as the 
 person who led him into the error, which was, of 
 course, rectified in later editions. I mention this 
 in order to show that even in modern times it 
 were possible for confusion to be caused between 
 the Skye terrier, which is quite a recently manu- 
 factured variety, and the Scottish terrier, which I 
 have said in an earlier chapter is probably the oldest 
 of all varieties of Scotia's dogs. 
 
 Between 1870 and 1880 a number of letters 
 appeared in the Field newspaper, in which interested 
 writers, as they did later on, tried to make out that 
 there were several strains of these Skye terriers; but 
 again they mixed up the die hards, and the more 
 they wrote the more confusion was caused. Nor did 
 
The Skye Terrier. 303 
 
 (< Stonehenge," in his " Dogs of the British Isles," 
 simplify matters much. He might have done so 
 for he knew well enough the difference between 
 the two varieties, but his coadjutors in the article 
 followed the line of complication, and we were 
 no better off than before, so far as our know- 
 ledge of the Skye terrier was concerned. That its 
 name as such is of comparatively modern origin I 
 have no doubt whatever, but I have doubts as to the 
 truthfulness of the story which ascribes the original 
 Skye terrier as the result of a mesalliance between 
 the native dogs of the Western isles and some 
 " Spanish white dogs which were wrecked on the 
 Island of Skye at the time when the Spanish Armada 
 lost so many ships on the western coast." 
 
 Ever since the terrier of which I write has had an 
 identity of its own, the coat which covered it was 
 long, even shaggy, but not to the same extent as is 
 seen on the bench winners of the present day. How 
 he first came to have that coat there is not a particle 
 of reliable evidence to be found. Maybe it was 
 natural, as the mountains and lochs are to the island 
 the name of which it bears ; maybe it, like Topsy, 
 " growed." Anyhow, here is the strain which 
 is as distinct from that of the ordinary hard- 
 haired Scottish terrier as a Pekin duck is from a 
 Rouen. That they were able to hunt and kill 
 
304 Modern Dogs. 
 
 rats, and possessed unusually good noses I 
 know, but careful tending to the coat, nursing and 
 petting, and the sacrifice of every useful point for a 
 long coat have wrought a complete change in the 
 animal, and he is now nothing more than a toy or 
 pet dog. And his long, trailing jacket does not 
 prove a recommendation when he goes into the house 
 from the streets on a dirty day and rests in the 
 drawing or dining room. I am told that an attempt 
 is being made to place the modern Skye terrier on 
 his proper footing, and that in future he will have 
 to be first of all a terrier and a long-coated ladies' 
 dog afterwards. 
 
 Mr. Thomson Gray, in his " Dogs of Scotland," 
 gives particulars of an interview he had with George 
 Clark, who had for fifty years been head game- 
 keeper on the Mull Estate of the Duke of Argyll. 
 Mr. Gray writes : " When Mr. Clark left the duke's 
 Mull Estate for Inverary he took with him three of 
 these terriers to infuse fresh blood into the Inverary 
 kennel, where the old Skye had been carefully bred 
 from time immemorial, and on leaving there twenty 
 years later for Roseneath he brought this breed of 
 terrier with him, and by constantly introducing dogs 
 unrelated to his own has kept the blood pure, and of 
 exactly the same type from that day till now. They 
 were kept for the purpose of bolting from cairns and 
 
The Skye Terrier. 305 
 
 burrows the foxes, polecats, and numerous vermin 
 which infested the wilds of the Argyllshire high- 
 lands. 
 
 " Mr. Clark states that such was the condition of 
 the districts with which he was associated, that even 
 within his own knowledge sheep could not be kept 
 at large on the hills, until the landlords and farmers 
 clubbed together in each district and appointed a 
 man as foxhunter, who was paid a sum by each 
 farmer according to the number of sheep kept. 
 This functionary kept a pack of small terriers of 
 from i2lb. to i61b. weight, and a couple of luath- 
 choin (swift dogs), either staghounds or foxhounds. 
 
 " The foxhunter and his terriers were constantly 
 on the move over his district, and when a shepherd 
 found a dead lamb, supposed to have been destroyed 
 by a fox, he at once set out for this nomadic 
 individual, and by daylight next morning the fox- 
 hunter and shepherds were on the ground with the 
 dogs. On the hounds finding the scent they were 
 uncoupled, and on " starting " the fox went off in 
 full cry. The fox generally sought refuge in a 
 burrow or cairn. The services of the terriers were 
 then brought into requisition, and when let loose they 
 rushed in to do battle, cheered on by the hunter's 
 u Staigh sin ! " Many a good terrier has met his 
 coup de grace while engaged in these subterranean 
 
 x 
 
306 Modern Dogs. 
 
 fights, and many more have come forth to carry for 
 the remainder of their restless days the scars of 
 battle. If reynard did not sell his life dearly under 
 cover, his fate was sealed on making from his 
 stronghold. 
 
 " This was the description of work for which the 
 old Skye terrier was kept in the Duke of Argyll's 
 kennels at Inverary and Roseneath, and from our 
 personal knowledge of their build and temperament, 
 we can corroborate what Mr. Clark has said of their 
 qualifications as working terriers. . . . About 
 forty-five years ago Her Majesty was presented 
 with a couple of them by the county gentlemen of 
 Argyllshire, one of these being from the Duke's 
 kennels, and the other from that of Dugald Fergu- 
 son, the foxhunter." 
 
 Now, it was no doubt from strains such as the 
 above that our modern Skye terrier sprung ; such 
 dogs as Mr. James Pratt (of London) showed 
 a quarter of a century ago, and still shows, and 
 others which might be mentioned. 
 
 I formerly owned a Skye terrier called Cloudy, a 
 dark coloured almost black dog, which obtained 
 considerable notoriety as a prize winner. He had a 
 profuse and soft coat, and as much hair on his 
 head as any Yorkshire terrier I ever saw. 
 Beneath that hair, however, was hidden the 
 
The Skye Terrier. 307 
 
 head of a perfect terrier, beautiful dark eyes 
 beaming with intelligence, and, barring his 
 soft coat, he was a dog of extraordinary excellence. 
 Although he could barely see through the hair which 
 hung down over his eyes he was a keen hunter, a 
 splendid water dog, and in a fight or general turn-up 
 the gamest of the game. As a fact, it was said that 
 the dog had belonged to an old lady, who, becoming 
 tired of what once had been a favourite, gave it to 
 her servant, who transferred it, where her heart had 
 already gone, to a barman dog fancier. He kept it 
 for a bit ; a time came when his master wished 
 to try a fighting bull terrier, so he bought Cloudy for 
 ten shillings to be practised upon. However, the 
 tables were turned, for the Skye was a " glutton " at 
 the work, and speedily chawed up the fighting dog, 
 rendering it hors de combat in less than a quarter of 
 an hour. Then Cloudy fell into better hands, was 
 shown successfully, and ultimately purchased by the 
 writer, who found the dog to have an extraordinary 
 nose, and if not kept chained up he would hunt my 
 footsteps through crowded streets, though I had gone 
 on two hours before. This faculty of scent, Mr. Pratt 
 tells me, was very marked in his strain, of which the 
 following story may be interesting. 
 
 Mr. Pratt kept a number of Skye terriers, which 
 it was his custom to take out for walking exercise in 
 
 X 2 
 
308 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Hyde Park. During 1875 he had noticed that on 
 many occasions some of his dogs picked up a strong 
 hunt, which they usually carried to a brick drain 
 which ran from the park into Kensington Gardens, 
 but, being in the enclosed portion, he called them 
 off. However, in the spring of the following 
 year the dogs re-commenced hunting keenly in 
 the same locality, so one evening Mr. Pratt 
 examined the place where they marked, and at once 
 came to the conclusion that it was no cat or rabbit 
 his little favourites were having their fun with. 
 Further inquiries elicited the intelligence that a 
 constable and one of the park keepers had seen a 
 curious creature creep into the drain, which Mr. Pratt 
 knew from their description must be a badger. 
 
 For a time nothing was done, and Mr. Pratt was 
 in hopes that the strange and solitary animal would be 
 allowed to remain in peace, but the park keeper at 
 that time was of a different opinion, and by the aid 
 of a sack and a bulldog the badger was caught. 
 Then it was baited, and sold to some young " swells," 
 which facts coming to the ears of Mr. Pratt, he wrote 
 to the Times. The park keeping delinquent who had 
 caught the animal was severely reprimanded, and 
 after some trouble it was found that the poor creature 
 had wantonly been killed, and afterwards " set up " in 
 the most approved fashion by Mr. Rowland Ward. 
 
The Skye Terrier. 309 
 
 That a badger could have lived for several months in 
 Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens was a matter of 
 interest to naturalists, and in due course our old 
 friend Frank Buckland appeared upon the scene, 
 at once settling any difficulty as to where the badger 
 came from. In his letter dated April 28, 1876, 
 he says that no doubt the badger belonged to him. 
 On June 5 the preceding year he obtained three 
 from a friend near Pontefract, father, mother, and 
 cub. They were eventually transferred to the Fish 
 Museum at South Kensington, where Mr. Eden, the 
 curator, turned an old ashpit into a cage for their 
 reception. 
 
 Although it was believed sufficient precaution 
 had been taken to prevent their escape, the male 
 badger got out of his cage the very first night, and 
 was traced to a hole under the passage of the 
 entrance to the Horticultural Gardens, on the Queen's 
 Gate side. Here food was placed for him nightly, 
 but, becoming tired of his residence, he sought fresh 
 apartments, which he no doubt found where Mr. 
 Pratt's excellent terriers first discovered him. Such 
 is the true story of the Hyde Park badger, who was 
 quite a newspaper topic for a time, even Punch 
 giving him attention. 
 
 Shortly after this little episode Mr. Pratt was 
 sent for by the Prince and Princess of Wales to 
 
310 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Marlborough House, where their Royal Highnesses 
 complimented him for the action he had taken in the 
 matter in trying to save the life of the poor creature. 
 These dogs of Mr. Pratt's were for the most part 
 drop-eared specimens, had hard coats, not too profuse, 
 and when shown won pretty well all before them on 
 the show bench, and I do not think we have better 
 terriers than his at the present time. Some time 
 later Mr. Pratt was honoured by several interviews 
 with the Queen, whose partiality for Skye terriers 
 and, indeed for other dogs, was well-known as one 
 of the many favourable traits in Her Majesty's 
 character, who graciously accepted one of Mr. 
 Pratt's best dogs, which for many years was the 
 most favoured, as he was certainly the most valuable, 
 animal in the kennels at Windsor. 
 
 These Skye terriers of Mr. Pratt's included the 
 strains from the Duke of Argyll ; Mackinnon's, 
 of Cory ; Cameron's, of Lochiel, and from the Lord 
 Macdonald's kennels. 
 
 Skye terriers were included in the first volume of 
 the Kennel Club Stud Book, and the best of the 
 early dogs were such as Mr. Pratt showed, including 
 Dunvegan, Gillie, and others ; Mr. J. Bowman's 
 (Darlington), Dandie ; Mr. Russell England's Laddie; 
 and Mr. Macdona's Rook. Mr. A. Boulton, of 
 Accrington, and Mr. M. Gretton, Hull, about the 
 
The Skye Terrier. 3 1 1 
 
 same time showed some excellent specimens. Mr. 
 D. Pattison, then of Lancaster, had a first-class 
 dog called Tar, and some others ; whilst Mr. 
 D. W. Fyfe, of the same town, has from time to 
 time owned excellent specimens, a fawn dog of 
 his called, I believe, Novelty, being particularly 
 choice. Indeed, this was the best dog of the 
 colour I have seen for some time. It seems the 
 fawn-coloured specimens are gradually becoming 
 extinct, for no reason whatever ; so far as beauty 
 is concerned, they are handsomer than the dark 
 greys, which approach almost to blackness. All 
 other points being equal, I would rather have a 
 fawn-coloured Skye terrier, or a light grey or blue 
 one, than one of the darker hue, which some 
 judges prefer to all others. I think the clubs might 
 do a little in this matter of colour. 
 
 A few years ago a majority of the Skye terriers 
 had drop ears ; now we find the erect ears the more 
 popular, and why the former have been almost 
 displaced is one of those things which no one can 
 understand. Perhaps it is accident, perhaps a freak 
 of the fancy. As we are now, nine judges out of ten 
 would give the preference to a dog with erect ears, 
 but at shows where a complete classification is 
 provided, the two varieties compete separately, and 
 I need scarcely say that such as have drop ears 
 
312 Modern Dogs. 
 
 appear in fewer numbers than is the case with the 
 more popular cousin. Jack is as good as his master, 
 one form of ear is as good as the other, and each 
 should be on an equal footing. I know this opinion is 
 not held by Scottish fanciers who have only terriers 
 with erect ears in their kennels ; still, even at the 
 risk of offending them, I asked Mr. Wardle to sketch 
 one of each variety, and how he has done so his 
 illustrations are given in evidence. 
 
 There are two Skye Terrier Clubs, one for Scot- 
 land, the other for England, but neither appears to 
 be doing much towards the popularisation of the 
 breed. Indeed, one leading exhibitor has resigned 
 his membership from both on account of the type of 
 dog they appear to favour, which he thinks ought 
 to be called the Edinburgh terrier rather than the 
 cognomen he does bear. Be this, however, as it 
 may, the classes for Skye terriers are, as a rule, 
 fairly well rilled at our shows, whatever difference of 
 opinion may be rife as to the value and excellence 
 of such animals as appear in the prize lists. Still, 
 the number nowadays does not reach such a total 
 as was the case at a London show in 1862, when 
 there were fifty-one entries, and although recent 
 Scottish shows have had a favourable return, the 
 average per class is not equal to what it used to be 
 before there were so many sub-divisions. 
 
The Skye Terrier. 313 
 
 Desiring to give as comprehensive an idea as 
 possible as to the Skye terrier, in addition to my 
 own opinion I have the pleasure of publishing the 
 following from the Rev. D. Dobbie, honorary 
 secretary to the Skye Terrier Club for Scotland ; 
 but at the same time I do not endorse all his 
 opinions, especially where he alludes to a broad, 
 massive chest and shoulders : 
 
 " Although the description and points of the Skye 
 terrier are as distinctly defined and as extensively 
 agreed upon as those of any breed of dogs, yet 
 the specimens exhibited on the show bench and the 
 awards there made are frequently more inconsistent 
 with the recognised standard, and more conflicting 
 with each other than in the case of any other breed. 
 
 11 To estimate the importance of such detailed 
 description and points as are given at the end of 
 this chapter, it is necessary to bear in mind the 
 position of this dog in the sporting world. He 
 forms the connecting link between the ferret, 
 weasel, &c., and the canine race. He takes up the 
 work of the former, and carries it beyond what 
 they are able to accomplish. His formation, there- 
 fore, more largely corresponds to them than does 
 that of any other breed. His function is to take 
 to earth, and to bolt from their burrows, cairns, 
 crevices, &c., the vermin which infest them. For 
 
314 Modern Dogs. 
 
 this purpose his primary qualifications are small 
 size, low set, great length of body, and exceptional 
 strength of head and fore quarters fitting him 
 to enter, to perform his task, and to extricate 
 himself where others differently formed would fail. 
 His coat, too, of hard, lanky hair sufficiently long 
 (averaging 5^in.) to cover head, eyes, and body, but 
 not so long as to impede him in his work serves as 
 protection against weather and foes. While the 
 undercoat gives warmth, the overcoat serves like 
 the thatch of a cottage to carry off the rain ; and 
 I have seen the hair of the forehead torn, the flesh 
 lacerated, and the blood flowing over the face in 
 encounters with vermin on the Tweedside, when I 
 fully expected to find my dog blind, but I have 
 never seen the eyesight injured. 
 
 " But, instead of a dog possessed of these qualifi- 
 cations, we often find on the show bench and in the 
 prize list a spurious counterfeit, large, leggy, and 
 short-bodied, with weak head, jaw, and chest, 
 and covered with an inordinate length of soft, 
 flowing hair. By such the typical Skye terrier is 
 largely displaced by many breeders and judges. 
 
 " The explanation of this to a large extent is not 
 difficult. A number of years ago but still within 
 the memory of many living a fierce conflict raged 
 in England and in Scotland as to what constituted 
 
The Skye Terrier. 315 
 
 the true Skye terrier. In the South the attempt 
 was made to establish that claim on behalf of a sort 
 of mongrel Scottish terrier, and in the North on 
 behalf of what is known as the Paisley or Clydes- 
 dale terrier. The issue in both cases was that these 
 attempts utterly failed. The breeders, however, 
 alike of the true and of the spurious species, were 
 limited in number, connections had been formed, 
 inducing the defeated parties, while modifying 
 somewhat the character of the dog's coat, &c., to 
 maintain that conflict on the show bench in which 
 they had been defeated in open discussion. Judges 
 as well as breeders were implicated, some, it must 
 be confessed, from pure ignorance, while others had 
 formed their standard after a false model, or had 
 been influenced by a variety of extraneous motives. 
 
 11 The Skye terrier is a purely Scottish dog, 
 and is not generally well known in England. But 
 England is the chief market for his disposal, and 
 purchasers are readily imposed upon by a large 
 showy specimen that may have been awarded a 
 prize, even although destitute of Skye terrier 
 character. The breed has been lately rising in 
 public favour, and numbers of new breeders have 
 entered the field, some of whom have obtained 
 genuine specimens, others have not. 
 
 u The work for which the Skye terrier is specially 
 
316 Modern Dogs. 
 
 fitted became largely accomplished, his coat was 
 difficult to keep in order, so another species was found 
 fitted for the remaining work, and more easily kept 
 in trim. Hence his disappearance to a great extent. 
 Though I have repeatedly visited Inverness-shire, 
 Ross-shire, Argyle-shire, and once Skye, I have 
 scarcely ever met with a real Skye terrier till within 
 the past few years ; but Colonel Malcolm, of 
 Poltalloch, writes me that the Laird of Waternish, 
 in Skye, has always had a pack, and I believe that 
 Lord Macdonald, of Armidale, Isle of Skye, has 
 never entirely lost the blood. Within consider- 
 ably less than half a century the breed was also 
 carefully kept at Mull, Inverary, and Roseneath (the 
 Duke of Argyll's), and at Bargamy (the Earl of 
 Stair's). From these strains most of the existing 
 race claim to have sprung, and of late years there 
 has been a decided and increasing effort not only to 
 extirpate the spurious and restore the true breed, but 
 also to bring the latter up to the typical standard. 
 
 " In his native Highland home, especially where 
 he had generally disappeared, but where solitary 
 specimens and abundant traditions still linger, a 
 special interest is being taken in their restoration. 
 At Inverary, where the breed was wont to be 
 found in perfection, the lately deceased Duchess 
 of Argyll had taken steps for its revival. At 
 
The Skye Terrier. 317 
 
 Oban it has found patrons not a few, and at 
 Inverness, Dingwall, Skye, &c., numerous and 
 enthusiastic breeders have arisen. All are bent on 
 cultivating the genuine article only, and they are 
 able to recognise, in the standard of the clubs, the 
 conditions which their localities required, and its 
 correspondence with all hereditary information they 
 possess. If the efforts to bring up the breed to the 
 standard of the club are to succeed, attention must 
 be given to the defects that abound in the more 
 typical specimens as well as to the exclusion of the 
 wrong type. 
 
 " In judging Skye terriers I should put lowness and 
 length first ; head, chest, and shoulders second; coat 
 third; level back fourth; all other points being inferior 
 and subordinate. Most of the older judges decide by 
 length of coat alone a most deceptive and injurious 
 standard the coat concealing faults and becoming 
 softer the longer it is, and encouraging untypical 
 breeding 5^ inches of coat is ample. 
 
 " During the past two years I have attended most 
 of the large shows from Inverness to London, 
 including Glasgow, Edinburgh, Carlisle, Preston, 
 Liverpool, Manchester, Crystal Palace, &c., and 
 have witnessed the prevailing defects specified. 
 
 " Some leading breeders of the true type make 
 weight their chief objection to winners of the present 
 
3i 8 Modern Dogs. 
 
 day, and wish to reduce them to from i4lb. to i61b. 
 each. This, I think, would be a most fallacious 
 standard. A good head will alone weigh about 5lb., 
 although the present prevailing head is under /j.lb. 
 A small, well-built dog will often weigh heavier than 
 a larger loosely built one, and it is always easy by 
 starving to reduce weight. Size, therefore, is the 
 proper test, and should form the foundation without 
 which all other points should be comparatively 
 valueless. A skilful and practised eye can readily 
 determine size, but not so easily weight. 
 
 " The noble head, wide at the top of the brow, and 
 long from the back of the skull to the eyes, indica- 
 tive of brain power, is now the exception ; and a 
 long, snipey muzzle, indicative of weakness of jaw, 
 prevails. The broad, massive chest and shoulders 
 frequently give place to contracted forequarters. 
 So seldom is the characteristic level incline of the 
 back from the highest point, at the top of the hip 
 joint, to the lowest point, at the back of the shoulder 
 bone to be seen, that when it does appear it is 
 often considered a defect. The fore legs are 
 generally too long, and should never be absolutely 
 but only comparatively straight, so that the dog may 
 stand straight upon them. If higher at the back of 
 the shoulders than loin, it is the worst fault a Skye 
 terrier can have. It unfits him for anything but a 
 
The Skye Terrier. 319 
 
 fancy pet. And as a general rule most of the exhibits 
 and most of the prize winners are in every way very 
 considerably larger than the adopted standard of the 
 clubs, although allowance has been made therein to 
 the extreme limit for the more genial circumstances 
 in which the modern Skye terrier is generally placed. 
 It will require the most strenuous and persistent 
 endeavours of both the clubs and every individual 
 member of them to effect a thorough reformation. It 
 has been said that the English club, during its seven 
 years of existence, has done nothing or little to im- 
 prove the breed. It remains to be seen whether the 
 Scottish club, which has existed only three years or 
 so, is to be successful. Should it fail in being so it 
 will prove an exception to the good fortune which 
 usually attends that tenacity of purpose, per- 
 severance of effort, and application of skill for which 
 the natives of North Britain are distinguished." 
 
 From the above valuable contribution it will be 
 seen that there is a desire to remove the Skve 
 
 j 
 
 terrier from the category of pet dogs, into which they 
 have gradually drifted, to their proper position as 
 working terriers. Whether this will prove successful 
 is an open question, and we have yet to find that both 
 show and work can be obtained in the highest per- 
 fection in the same long-coated terrier. Moreover, 
 with scarcely an exception, the best specimens of the 
 
320 Modern Dogs. 
 
 race now on the bench are by the length of their coats 
 quite inadapted to act the part of ordinary terriers, and 
 whether exhibitors are prepared to curtail the quantity 
 of coat in any great degree is a matter of grave 
 opinion. Take Mr. Bobbie's own excellent dog Roy 
 of Aldivalloch, and no one can gainsay the fact that 
 he is a first-rate specimen, what would he be on a 
 wet day amongst the rocks and cairns and drains ? 
 The same with the Rev. T. Nolan's dogs, and such 
 as Mr. D. Cunningham has so often bred and shown 
 successfully. 
 
 Perhaps the best couple of Skye terriers 
 now being shown are Mrs. W. J. Hughes' Laird 
 Duncan and Wolverley Roc. I like them specially 
 because they are so straight in the coat, and are of a 
 very much lighter shade of grey than is prevalent at 
 this time. Mr. H. Buckley's Young Duke, Mr. W. 
 Cummings' Burgundy and Madeira, the Rev. T. 
 Nolan's Tackley Boy, Mrs. M. Tottie's Sunbeam 
 and Victoria II., Mr. R. Bruce's Silver Prince, Mr. 
 T. Young's Little Dombey, and Mrs. H. Freeman's 
 Lord Lennox are amongst the choicest of the breed 
 being shown at the time of writing. Owing, no 
 doubt, to the trouble required to keep their long coats 
 straight and clean, Skye terriers were never in many 
 hands. The coat requires brushing or combing 
 daily, but the process of tubbing should not be 
 
The Skye Terrier. 321 
 
 undergone oftener than is actually required to prevent 
 an accumulation of filth. 
 
 There is no doubt that a Skye terrier in continued 
 hard work would carry comparatively little coat, 
 whilst its brother, which had been kept for show 
 purposes alone, would be profuse in jacket ; and, 
 being equal in other respects to its relative, the 
 latter would beat the former in the ring ; thus the 
 show dog becomes the more valuable, though 
 probably the least useful, dog of the two so far 
 as legitimate work is concerned. I hope that the 
 Skye Terrier Club for Scotland will be successful 
 in its praiseworthy attempt ; if they prove so they 
 will have solved a problem at which others have 
 failed over and over again. And is it possible to 
 make the present Skye terrier as useful a little dog 
 for vermin and general hunting and country work as 
 the Scottish terrier, which has come to the front 
 with such leaps and bounds during the past half- 
 dozen years ? Mr. Bobbie and his colleagues are 
 sanguine that at any rate they can keep it from more 
 nearly approaching the Paisley or Clydesdale terrier, 
 which is dealt with in the succeeding chapter. 
 
 As already hinted, there are two clubs to look 
 after the interests of the Skye terrier one for 
 England, the other for Scotland ; the former with 
 about twenty-five members, the latter with some 
 
 Y 
 
322 Modern Dogs. 
 
 sixty on its roll. Both have drawn up full 
 descriptions and standards of their special dog, 
 which differ very little, but the most complete of 
 the two is that of the Scottish club, which I 
 take as my ideal, and publish accordingly. It was 
 compiled after careful consideration, and is certainly 
 authoritative. The English club allows a little more 
 for length of body, coat, and weight, in consideration 
 of the better climate, easier life, and more luxurious 
 keeping of the modern over the original Skye terriers. 
 
 The Scottish club description and points are as 
 follows : 
 
 " The Skye terrier takes his name from the chief 
 of those north-western islands of Scotland that, so 
 far back as his history can be traced, formed his 
 native home, and in which he was ' found in greatest 
 perfection.' Upwards of three centuries ago the 
 unmistakable description of him was given by a 
 writer on Englishe Dogges, as a cur ' brought out 
 of barbarous borders fro' the uttermost countryes 
 northward,' ( which by reason of the length of heare 
 makes showe neither of face nor of body.' Subse- 
 quent authors refer as distinctly to him, and describe 
 him as the terrier of those islands, ' having long, 
 lank hair, almost trailing to the ground.' Such 
 evidence gives him an exclusive and indefeasible 
 right to the designation which he bears. He is the 
 only terrier distinctively belonging to the north- 
 
The Skye Terrier. 323 
 
 western islands that is not common to the whole of 
 Scotland. That he has been extensively displaced, 
 there and elsewhere, there can be no question, 
 though no better reason can be assigned for this 
 than that ' ilk dog has his day ; ' or that, though 
 others are no better and much less attractive, a 
 charm has been thrown around them by a wizard 
 wand. Yet it is believed by those who have the 
 best practical knowledge of him that the Skye has 
 no compeer in his own peculiar domain. Wherever 
 there are rocks, dens, burrows, cairns, or covers to 
 explore, or waters to take to, his services should be 
 called into requisition. The smallest of all the useful 
 terrier tribe, the lowest set, the longest in body, the 
 strongest proportionally in legs, feet, jaws, and chest, 
 the most muscular and flexible in his whole frame, 
 the best protected against weather, injury, or foes, 
 with an unequalled acuteness of sight, scent, and 
 hearing, an unrivalled alacrity of action, and an 
 indomitable pluck, he is possessed of pre-eminent 
 qualifications for his special work. He needs only 
 to have it put before him to prove that he is imbued 
 with the spirit of his native master, who when taken 
 from his hill to the battlefield and told : 
 
 There's the foe ; he has nae thought but how to 
 Kill twa at a blow. 
 
 No kennel can be complete without him. 
 
 Y 2 
 
324 Modern Dogs. 
 
 " As a domestic watch and pet companion he is 
 unsurpassed. Centuries gone by he was ' greatly set 
 up, esteemed, taken up, and made much of ; and 
 down to more recent times even ' a duchess would 
 almost be ashamed to be seen in the park unaccom- 
 panied by her long-coated Skye.' To the present 
 day he remains as unchanged as any variety of the 
 canine race, and has certainly lost none of his merits 
 or attractions. Exceptionally cleanly and sweet, 
 less dependent on exercise than any other, his 
 delicate sensibility, shrewd sagacity, exclusive 
 attachment, and devoted courage, combined with 
 his elegant form, graceful attire, and aristocratic air, 
 render him, during his brief day 
 
 A thing of beauty and a joy for ever. 
 
 " For club use and general reference full descrip- 
 tive details are subjoined : 
 
 " i. Head. Long, with powerful jaws and incisive 
 teeth closing level, or upper just fitting over under. 
 Skull : wide at front of brow, narrowing between 
 ears, and tapering gradually towards muzzle, with 
 little falling in between or behind the eyes. Eyes : 
 hazel, medium size, close set. Muzzle : always 
 black. 
 
 " 2. Ears (Prick or Pendant). When prick, not 
 large, erect at outer edges, and slanting towards 
 
The Skye Terrier. 325 
 
 each other at inner, from peak to skull. When 
 pendant, larger, hanging straight, lying flat, and 
 close at front. 
 
 "3. Body. Pre-eminently long and low. Shoulders 
 broad, chest deep, ribs well sprung and oval-shaped, 
 giving flattish appearance to sides. Hind-quarters 
 and flank full and well developed. Back level and 
 slightly declining from top of hip joint to shoulders. 
 Neck long and gently crested. 
 
 " 4. Tail. When hanging, upper half perpendicu- 
 lar, under half thrown backwards in a curve. When 
 raised, a prolongation of the incline of the back, and 
 not rising higher nor curling up. 
 
 " 5. Legs. Short, straight, and muscular. No 
 dew claws. Feet large and pointing forward. 
 
 "6. Coat (Double). An under, short, close, 
 soft, and woolly. An over, long averaging S^in. 
 hard, straight, flat and free from crisp or 
 curl. Hair on head ; shorter, softer, and veiling 
 forehead and eyes ; on ears, overhanging inside, 
 falling down and mingling with side locks, not 
 heavily, but surrounding the ear like a fringe, and 
 allowing its shape to appear. Tail also gracefully 
 feathered. 
 
 "7. Colour (Any Variety). Dark or light blue or 
 grey, or fawn with black points. Shade of head and 
 legs approximating that of body." 
 
326 . Modern Dogs. 
 
 1. AVERAGE MEASURE. 
 
 Dog. Height, at shoulder, 9 inches. 
 
 Length, back of skull to root of tail, 22\ inches ; 
 muzzle to back of skull, 8-| inches ; root of tail to 
 tip joint, 9 inches. Total length, 40 inches. 
 Bitch. Half an inch lower, and two and a half inches shorter 
 than dog, all parts proportional; thus, body 21 inches, 
 head 8, and tail 8f; total, 37^ inches. 
 
 2. AVERAGE WEIGHT. 
 
 Dog, i81b. ; Bitch, i61b. No dog shall be over 2olb., nor under 
 i61b.; and no bitch should be over i81b., nor under i4lb. 
 
 3. POINTS, WITH VALUE. 
 
 ( Height, with C 10 inches high, 5* 
 
 1. Size. < Length and < 9 icv 
 
 (Proportions ( 8J 15- 
 
 Scale for bitches one-half inch lower throughout. 
 
 TT j ( Skull and eyes - - - - io'~) 
 
 2. Head. | Jawsandte } eth . . 5 .ji5- 
 
 3. Ears. Carriage, with shape, size, and feather, icr 
 
 , ( Back and neck, - - - - 10*) 
 
 I. Body. { ChestandribS; 5 .ji5- 
 
 5. Tail. Carriage and feather, IO' 
 
 ( Straightness and shortness, - - 5') 
 
 [Strength, ..'... \\* 
 
 ( Hardness, i 
 
 7. Coat. < Lankness, 5* > 20* 
 
 (Length, - 5- 
 
 8. Colour and Condition, 
 
 Total, ioo' 
 
 4. JUDICIAL AWARDS. 
 
 1. Over extreme weight to be handicapped 5* per Ib. of excess. 
 
 2. Over or under shot mouth to disqualify. 
 
 3. Doctored ears or tail to disqualify. 
 
 4. No extra value for greater length of coat than 5^ inches. 
 
 f Not to be commended under a total of 60- 
 
 j Not to be highly commended ,, 65* 
 
 1 Not to be very highly commended 70' 
 
 (No specials to be given 75- 
 
\ 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 THE CLYDESDALE OR PAISLEY TERRIER. 
 
 I ONCE heard a man describe this dog as " neither 
 fish, fowl, nor good red herring," meaning no doubt 
 in his original way to express his opinion that the 
 Clydesdale or Paisley terrier was neither one thing 
 nor another, and perhaps he was not far wrong. 
 It has been said that this terrier was originally a 
 cross between the ordinary Skye terrier and the 
 Yorkshire terrier, but, although it is of quite 
 modern origin, no proof has been produced when 
 such crosses took place or who made them. To 
 my idea it is much more likely that the Yorkshire 
 terriers were produced from the Paisleys or Clydes- 
 dales, and we all know that, until within a compara- 
 tively recent date, the former were known as 
 " Scotch terriers," and in the first volume of the 
 
 II Kennel Club Stud Book " their classification is 
 " Broken-haired Scotch or Yorkshire terriers. " 
 This was in 1874, but a little later the classification 
 was changed to " Yorkshire Terriers," and as such it 
 
328 Modern Dogs. 
 
 still remains. A much more likely origin is that the 
 variety was made by the Glasgow and other Scottish 
 dog fanciers crossing the softer-coated, lighter- 
 coloured prick-eared Skye terriers with each other 
 until they bred fairly truly and produced the Skye 
 terriers in an altered form. 
 
 The Yorkshire terrier is a drop-eared dog ; the 
 Clydesdales are all prick-eared, and the latter were 
 even within the present generation shown amongst 
 Skye terriers, and known generally as such, although 
 sometimes they were distinguished as " silky-coated " 
 terriers. The Clydesdale Terrier Club was esta- 
 blished in 1887, but ceased to exist after a few years. 
 A fresh club was then formed, called the Paisley 
 Terrier Club, which still survives, though in a 
 somewhat somnolent condition. The Kennel Club 
 gave the variety classification in their Stud Book in 
 1888, but a year or two previously classes had 
 been specially provided for them at the leading 
 Scottish shows. Classes for them were likewise 
 given at the Jubilee show held at Barn Elms in 
 1887 ; but, although a few representatives were 
 present, the encouragement the committee received 
 was evidently not sufficient for the Kennel Club 
 to encourage the variety at future exhibitions. 
 
 I remember at the earlier Scottish shows, 
 especially the Glasgow ones, which were usually 
 
The Clydesdale or Paisley Terrier. 329 
 
 managed by Mr Henry Martin, a number of very 
 handsome animals, shown by a Mr. Wilson and 
 others ; these dogs were then called Paisley terriers, 
 and they competed amongst the prick-eared Skye 
 terriers, often enough winning the leading prizes, 
 much to the annoyance of exhibitors of the true 
 breed of Skye terrier. In the end " ructions " 
 took place ; owners of both varieties flew to the 
 newspapers, with the result that it was then 
 re-decided that a Skye terrier should have a hard coat, 
 and animals of the Glasgow fancy, with silvery, soft 
 jackets, ought to be constituted a variety of them- 
 selves. In due course this was done, and such were 
 known as Paisley terriers or Glasgow terriers. Later, 
 the Clydesdale terrier became perhaps the more 
 familiar name ; and between the two the matter 
 of nomenclature now rests, although the name 
 Clydesdale appears to have the preference. At 
 the present time there are more specimens of 
 this silky-haired terrier bred in Paisley than else- 
 where, and Mr. John King is perhaps at the head of 
 the fancy there. 
 
 The Clydesdale or Paisley terrier, though he can 
 kill rats, and maybe other vermin, is essentially a 
 pet dog, and is usually kept as such. Like the 
 Yorkshire terrier, his coat requires keeping in good 
 order by repeated combing and brushing, though in 
 
330 Modern Dogs. 
 
 this respect his owners do not take the pains and 
 give the time to his toilet the Yorkshire fanciers 
 do to their favourites, although at times the feet of 
 the Paisleys are covered with wash-leather coverings 
 in order that they do not wear away the hair there- 
 from, and to prevent them unduly scratching and 
 spoiling their coats. I have likewise seen the hair 
 of the Paisley terrier tied back over the eyes, and to 
 keep a dog in really tip-top form for the show bench 
 something of this kind is required. 
 
 Mr. Thomson Gray, in his " Dogs of Scotland/' 
 says : " While possessing all the characteristics of 
 the Skye, as far as form, colour, and length of coat 
 are concerned, they have a soft, silky coat, and on 
 this account have been known for the past ten years 
 or so as Glasgow or Paisley terriers. Previous to 
 this, however, they were simply known as Skyes, and 
 exhibited as such. The Paisley terrier has never 
 been very widely distributed, and seldom found 
 beyond the valley of the Clyde. At the shows 
 which used to be held at Glasgow a dozen or more 
 years back, these silky-coated terriers were seen 
 in all their beauty, and the fact of their appearing 
 there as Skyes was what first brought them into 
 prominence. The fanciers of the hard-coated Skyes 
 rose in arms against them, holding that they were 
 not Skyes, as they had a silky coat, and were only 
 
The Clydesdale or Paisley Terrier. 331 
 
 pretty ' mongrels ' bred from Skye terrier ' rejec- 
 tions/ and ought to be known as Glasgow or Paisley 
 Skyes. On the other hand, the breeders of the 
 silky-coated dogs held, as a matter of course, that 
 the texture of coat their dogs possessed was the 
 correct one. This was untenable, as until the intro- 
 duction of this breed no Scottish dog had a silky or 
 soft coat. 
 
 " After the decision against the eligibility of the 
 silky-coated dog to compete in the Skye terrier 
 classes, the breed rapidly declined. A few, how- 
 ever, held to the breed out of pure love and 
 admiration for it, but they were few. The Paisley 
 fanciers appear never to have lost sight of the dog, 
 and it was not only by keeping and breeding them 
 that they again brought the silky-coated beauties 
 into popularity, but by instituting classes for them 
 at the annual dog shows held at Paisley on New 
 Year's Day. A fresh interest was thus begun in the 
 breed, which has never been allowed to flag. . . . 
 Breeders of hard-coated dogs, more especially if the 
 coat be long, know 7 how difficult it is to keep up the 
 hard coat, on account of the washing, combing, &c., 
 required to keep the dog in show trim, and also from 
 the idle and indoor life exhibition dogs lead. A pup 
 now and again will be found in a litter with a soft 
 coat, although not quite silky in texture. These a 
 
332 Modem Dogs. 
 
 good breeder, as a matter of course, would reject ; 
 but how many do really reject them, if they are good 
 in other points ? They perhaps do not breed from 
 them, but they do not hesitate to sell them, and thus 
 increase the difficulty by giving good pedigrees to 
 such dogs. In Skye terriers the length of coat is 
 one of the principal points ; one therefore can easily 
 understand how a pup with an extra long coat would 
 be prized, even should the coat be a little soft. This, 
 then, was how the Paisley terrier originated. The 
 silky-coated dogs, from their great beauty, took the 
 eye, and were greatly prized as pets ; and as the 
 demand increased, which it very quickly did when 
 they began to win prizes, they were bred in large 
 numbers, and the points now attained were only 
 arrived at by careful selection and scientific breeding. 
 Some dark rumours are afloat about the crosses that 
 were resorted to to gain the points desired, but if 
 such a thing ever took place it has never been made 
 public. It is hinted that the Dandie had something 
 to do with the manufacture of this breed, and we 
 have heard it asserted that the Paisley terrier was the 
 result of a Dandie-Skye cross, but we have seen no 
 evidence to support this statement. We are of 
 opinion that no cross was required, and that in the 
 case of the best strains none took place. 
 
 " In character and disposition, the Paisley terrier 
 
The Clydesdale or Paisley Terrier. 333 
 
 resembles the Skye, being good-natured, intelligent, 
 and lively. They make excellent house pets, and 
 those who desire something more substantial than a 
 toy will find in the elegant shape and pleasing 
 outline of the Paisley terrier something to please 
 them. They are not delicate, but require a good 
 amount of attention in washing, combing, and 
 brushing, to keep them in good order, and without 
 this they very soon get out of order. 
 
 " It is unnecessary to go into a minute descrip- 
 tion of the Paisley terrier, as he is almost a counter- 
 part of the Skye, with the exception of the coat, 
 which, instead of being hard and wiry, is as silky 
 and long as that of a Yorkshire terrier ; the longer 
 and finer the more value is attached to this point ; 
 it is perfectly flat and free from curl. The colour 
 is various shades of blue, dark blue being considered 
 perfection in colour ; the hair on head and lower 
 extremities is slightly lighter, but should not approach 
 a linty shade. The length of the hair on head and 
 face gives character to this point ; it reaches to the 
 nose, obscuring the eyes completely ; the ears must 
 be erect, are well furnished with long hair, the 
 fringe being a material point. 
 
 11 The tail should not be carried high, but straight, 
 and almost in a line with the back, the parting of 
 the hair at shoulder being continued to the top of 
 
334 Modern Dogs. 
 
 the tail, the fringe being thin and hanging straight 
 and gracefully. 
 
 " In character and disposition this dog is good- 
 natured, affectionate, and lively ; an intelligent 
 companion, an excellent house dog, and most 
 suitable for a lady who wishes something more 
 substantial than a toy. ... It is notorious that 
 in this breed more than in any other, the poor 
 condition and form in which most of them are 
 exhibited often throws them out of their proper 
 places in the prize lists." 
 
 I agree pretty much with what Mr. Gray says in 
 the description, but I should add that the Paisley 
 terrier is not so low on the legs, nor proportionately 
 so long in the back as the Skye terrier. From all 
 one sees and hears, I should not care to prognosti- 
 cate a favourable future for the variety of which I 
 write. The best strains are even yet in few hands, 
 and although the club may do something towards 
 popularising the variety, the trouble to keep the coat 
 in good order will always be a bar to them as 
 ordinary house dogs,, and in these impecunious 
 times when it seems that, with few exceptions, a dog 
 owner wishes to make money by his hobby or fancy, 
 it is not likely that many men so disinterested will 
 be found as to breed a Paisley terrier which they 
 cannot sell for more than ^15 or 20, when they 
 
The Clydesdale or Paisley Terrier. 335 
 
 can, with less difficulty, breed an equally good 
 Scottish terrier that would be worth double the 
 money. 
 
 The fanciers of the Paisley terrier require a clever 
 and influential man to boom him, a wealthy individual 
 to buy a few choice specimens at exorbitant prices, 
 and a few puffs in the newspapers. Perhaps if a story 
 could be got up as to the life-saving properties 
 possessed by this little dog, it might do him good 
 with the people. Royal patronage, perhaps, could 
 lift him up somewhat, but he certainly requires 
 more than his own good qualities to raise him in 
 public estimation and make him a popular dog. 
 
 The following are the description and points of 
 the Paisley or Clydesdale terrier as compiled by the 
 Clydesdale Club : 
 
 "Head. The skull, which is slightly domed, should 
 be very narrow between the ears, gradually widening 
 towards the eyes, and tapering very slightly to the 
 nose. It should be covered with long silky hair, 
 perfectly straight, without any appearance of curl or 
 waviness, and extending well beyond the nose. It 
 should be particularly plentiful on the sides of the 
 head, where it is joined by that from the ears, giving 
 the head a very large and rather heavy appearance 
 in proportion to the size of the dog. The muzzle 
 should be very deep and powerful, tapering very 
 
336 Modern Dogs. 
 
 slightly to the nose, which should be large and well 
 spread over the muzzle, and must be always black. 
 The jaws should be strong, with the teeth perfectly 
 level. The eyes should be rather wide apart. They 
 should be large, round, moderately full, but not 
 prominent ; expressive of great intelligence, and, in 
 colour, various shades of brown. 
 
 " Ears. This is a most important point in this 
 breed. They should be as small as possible, set on 
 high, and carried perfectly erect. They should be 
 covered with long silky hair, which should hang in a 
 beautiful fringe down the sides of the head, joining 
 that on the jaws. (Well carried, finely fringed ears 
 is one of the greatest points of beauty in the breed, 
 as it is also one of the most difficult to obtain.) A 
 badly carried and poorly feathered ear is a serious 
 fault in a Clydesdale terrier. 
 
 11 The neck should be rather long and very 
 muscular, well set into the shoulders, and covered 
 with the same class of hair as the body. 
 
 " Body. The body should be very long, deep in 
 chest, and well ribbed up ; the back perfectly level, 
 not sloping from the loins to the shoulder, as in the 
 Dandie. 
 
 " Coat. The coat should be very long, perfectly 
 straight, and free from any trace of curl or waviness ; 
 very glossy and silky in texture (not linty), and 
 
The Clydesdale or Paisley Terrier. 337 
 
 should be without any of the pily undercoat found 
 in the Skye terrier. 
 
 " Colour. The colours range from dark blue to 
 light fawn, but those most to be desired are the 
 various shades of blue dark blue for preference, 
 but without any approach to blackness or sootiness. 
 The colour of the head should be a beautiful silvery 
 blue, which gets darker on the ears ; the back 
 various shades of dark blue, inclining to silver on 
 the lower parts of the body and legs. The tail is 
 generally the same shade or a little darker than the 
 back. 
 
 " Tail. The tail should be perfectly straight, not 
 too long, and carried almost level with the back ; it 
 must be nicely fringed or feathered. 
 
 " Legs and Feet. The legs should be as short 
 and straight as possible, and well set under the 
 body, both legs and feet well covered with silky 
 hair (in a good specimen the legs are scarcely 
 seen, as they are almost entirely hidden by the 
 coat). 
 
 " Style and General Appearance. The general 
 appearance is that of a long, low dog, having a 
 rather large head in proportion to its size, and with 
 a coat which looks like silk or spun glass. It shows 
 considerably more style or quality than almost any 
 other fancy terrier, and has not the delicate consti- 
 
 z 
 
338 
 
 Modern Dogs. 
 
 tution which makes the Yorkshire, Maltese, and 
 others only fit for indoors." 
 
 SCALE OF POINTS. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Head and ears 15 
 
 Neck 10 
 
 Coat 20 
 
 Tail . . 10 
 
 55 
 
 Value. 
 
 Body 15 
 
 Colour 10 
 
 Legs and feet 5 
 
 Style and general appear- 
 ance 15 
 
 45 
 
 Grand Total, 100. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 YORKSHIRE AND OTHER TOY TERRIERS. 
 
 THE charming, aristocratic little dog we now know 
 as the Yorkshire terrier has been identified as such 
 for but a comparatively short period, the Kennel 
 Club adopting this nomenclature in their Stud Book 
 for 1886. Prior to this date the name had been 
 hanging about him for some few years, because the 
 names of rough, broken-haired, or Scotch terrier, 
 under which he was first known, were most mis- 
 leading. During the early days of dog shows the 
 classes in which he competed included terriers of 
 almost any variety, from the cross-bred mongrel to 
 the Dandie Dinmont, the Skye terrier, and the 
 Bedlington. Indeed, twenty years since it was no 
 uncommon sight to see wire-haired fox terriers 
 figuring with others of a silkier coat under the one 
 common head of " rough or broken-haired terriers." 
 As a fact, a broken-haired terrier should have been 
 altogether a short-coated dog the Yorkshire is 
 long-coated to a greater extent than any other 
 
 Z 2 
 
340 Modern Dogs. 
 
 variety of the terrier ; nor was the title Scotch 
 terrier, by which he was most frequently known, at 
 all adaptable to him. 
 
 How the name of Scotch terrier became attached 
 to a dog which so thoroughly had its home in 
 Yorkshire and Lancashire is somewhat difficult to 
 determine, if it can be determined at all, but a very 
 old breeder of the variety told me that the first 
 of them originally came from Scotland, where they 
 had been accidentally produced from a cross 
 between the silky-coated Skye terrier (the Clydes- 
 dale) and the black and tan terrier. One could 
 scarcely expect that a pretty dog, partaking in a 
 degree after both its parents, could be produced 
 from a first cross between a smooth-coated dog, and 
 a long-coated bitch or vice versa. Maybe, two or 
 three dogs so bred had been brought by some of the 
 Paisley weavers into Yorkshire, and there, suitably 
 admired, pains were taken to perpetuate the strain. 
 There appears to be something feasible and 
 practical in this story, and I am sorry that when the 
 information was given me, nearly a quarter of a 
 century since, by a Yorkshire weaver then sixty 
 years old and since dead, I did not obtain more 
 particulars about what was in his day called the 
 Scotch terrier. 
 
 However, this is the Yorkshire terrier now, and will 
 
Yorkshire and other Toy Terriers. 341 
 
 no doubt remain so till the end of his time, and his 
 place is usurped by other dogs which, certainly not 
 handsomer, will be less difficult to keep in prime coat 
 and in good condition. It has been said that the 
 late Mr. Peter Eden, of Manchester, so noted in his 
 day for pigs and bulldogs, had " invented " the 
 Yorkshire terrier. This he had not done, although 
 in its early day he owned some very excellent speci- 
 mens, which for the most part he had purchased 
 from the working men in Lancashire. It was they 
 who bred them, and delighted to show them at the 
 local exhibitions, of which that at Middleton, near 
 Manchester, was the chief. Here, and at the Belle 
 Vue shows, were always to be found the choicest 
 specimens, which their owners treasured with great 
 care, and had to be uncommonly " hard up " to be 
 induced to sell their favourites. They would get 
 20 or ^"30 for a good specimen, more if it was 
 " extra special," and this at a time when dogs did 
 not run to so much money as they do now. We 
 have on record that Mrs. Troughear, of Leeds, sold 
 her little dog Conqueror to Mrs. Emmott, wife of an 
 American actor, for ^250. Still, since its first intro- 
 duction the Yorkshire terrier has not progressed in 
 public estimation ; indeed the contrary may be said to 
 be more the case, the reasons for which will be plainly 
 enough told before the conclusion of this chapter. 
 
342 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Originally this terrier was a bigger dog than he 
 is to-day, specimens from lolb. weight to i4lb. being 
 not at all uncommon, so repeatedly classes had 
 been provided for them in two sections dogs over 
 81b. and dogs under that weight whilst in addition 
 there might be divisions for rough-haired toy terriers, 
 the maximum allowed being 61b. At the time I 
 write, Yorkshire terriers over 81b. weight are seldom 
 seen at our canine gatherings, the prevailing and 
 convenient weights being, I should say, from 4lb. to 
 61b. ; but the club scale still allows for two classes, 
 their restrictions being to 1 2lb. maximum in the one 
 and 5lb. in the other. 
 
 The Yorkshire terrier at his best is a smart, 
 handsome little dog, and some I have known were 
 handy as rat killers, although as a rule they were kept 
 as pets and for show purposes. If running outside 
 on a wet or dirty day their beautiful, long, silky coat 
 gets spoiled, indeed almost ruined ; and even in the 
 house extraordinary care and much skill are required 
 to keep the coat of the Yorkshire terrier in order. 
 Indeed, it has been said that the number of 
 exhibitors in this country who thoroughly understand 
 the treatment of this little pet dog can be counted 
 on the ringers of the two hands. Whether this is 
 so or not I will not commit myself by saying, but I 
 do know that "Yorkshires" shown by one who 
 
Yorkshire and other Toy Terriers. 343 
 
 " knows how " and by one who does not " know 
 how," are terribly different in appearance. Indeed, 
 the extraordinary growth of the coat to be found on 
 a perfect specimen is in a certain degree due to 
 artificial aid, for, when comparatively young the 
 skin at the roots of the hair is dressed daily with an 
 ointment or wash which acts in a wonderful manner 
 in stimulating the growth of the hair. 
 
 The puppies when born are quite black, and those 
 darkest in hue usually turn out to be the best in 
 colour when fully coated and matured, which is not 
 until they are about two years old. Not long ago I 
 had a letter from some one who was about bringing 
 an action against a well-known " fancier " because 
 he had sold him a bitch in pup to a pure bred dog, 
 and when the pups were born they were black 
 with faint tan shadings on them. The purchaser 
 destroyed the puppies ; but before bringing the action 
 he intended, and having the vendor before the 
 Kennel Club, he wrote to the Field, when he was 
 told how foolishly he had acted in the transaction. 
 Rather curious are these great changes in the 
 appearance and colour of some puppies, and it is 
 well known that Dalmatians, spotted carriage dogs, 
 are invariably produced from their dam quite free 
 from black or brown markings. 
 
 When the Yorkshire terrier is about three to four 
 
344 Modern Dogs. 
 
 months old, he begins to change his colour down 
 the sides, on his legs, &c. ; but even at nine or ten 
 months the back is still very dark, excepting in such 
 specimens as eventually turn out too silvery and 
 light in colour when fully matured. As a rule no 
 more attention than daily washing, combing, and 
 brushing need be paid to the puppy until it is 
 approaching, say, ten months in age, when the coat 
 is commencing to " break in colour " and increase 
 in length and denseness. The following preparation 
 should be prepared and rubbed thoroughly into 
 the roots of the hair once a week : Tincture of 
 cantharides, i ounce ; oil of rosemary, ^ an ounce ; 
 bay rum, J of a pint ; olive oil, -^ a pint, and white 
 precipitate, i drachm. At the same time the puppy 
 must be kept scrupulously clean and not allowed 
 to run about too much. Indeed, he ought to be 
 housed or kennelled in a case, one about i8in. 
 by I4in. and some i6in. in depth being the most 
 adaptable size. A cushion should be used to lie 
 upon, as hay, straw, shavings, &c., are liable to 
 become entangled in the coat, of course to its 
 detriment. As I have said, the dressing must be 
 applied once a week, and done thoroughly, but 
 twice a day, i.e., night and morning, the coat should 
 be thoroughly well brushed. It may occasionally be 
 combed, but when the latter is being done, great 
 
Yorkshire and other Toy Terriers. 345 
 
 care must be taken not to break any of the hairs 
 or pull out any of the jacket. In addition the 
 dog must be washed each week, and continuously 
 wear on his hind feet " boots" or " shoes," or 
 " socks " or " stockings," or whatever one likes to 
 call them, of wash-leather. Such are sometimes 
 made from linen or other material, but wash or 
 chamois leather appears to be the best for the 
 purpose. These of course prevent the little fellow 
 from spoiling his coat by scratching, at the same 
 time preserving the hair on the feet. 
 
 In due course the hair on the head or skull of 
 the dog will increase in length, and when grown 
 sufficiently, it should be tied up and plaited ; this 
 must be done afresh daily, at the same time it must 
 be well brushed, care being taken that none of the 
 hairs become matted or stick to each other. There 
 is a special brush used for the purpose, rather 
 smaller than the ordinary toilet article, with the 
 bristles about three inches in length ; a suitable 
 article costs about five shillings. The Yorkshire 
 terrier, has, as a rule, his ears cut, and it is many 
 years since I saw a really first rate dog on the 
 bench which had not been so mutilated. At the 
 earlier shows excellent specimens often enough 
 appeared with their ears entire, and for them special 
 classes were provided. Mr. P. Eden's Albert, a 
 
346 Modern Dogs. 
 
 particularly good dog in his day, had natural drop 
 ears. With this variety ear cropping has increased, 
 and may now be said to be general. 
 
 The feeding of these dainty, delicate little 
 creatures is a matter of great importance, and 
 if the ladies of ancient Rome fed their lap dogs on 
 the breast of chicken, the ladies of more prosaic old 
 England are equally particular what they give to 
 their cherished pets. These must be fed in a manner 
 consistent with their confinement and lack of 
 exercise, the bowels always being kept in a normal 
 condition, and light and nourishing food is best for 
 the purpose. Milk, with a little rice occasionally, 
 milk biscuits, with bread and vegetables soaked in 
 good gravy, not too fat, being best. A bone 
 sometimes and a little calves' liver are not amiss, 
 but care must be taken not to force the appetite. 
 Where they can be obtained and are not too 
 expensive, fish with the bones removed and chicken 
 do not come amiss. 
 
 From what I have written it will be seen that it 
 is no joke to keep a Yorkshire terrier in healthy and 
 suitable condition for exhibition purposes, and such 
 is no doubt the reason why its popularity has not 
 progressed with the times. One of the most 
 interesting sights in a modern dog show is when 
 the Yorkshire terriers are being 'judged. Their 
 
Yorkshire and other Toy Terriers. 347 
 
 fair owners, handsomely dressed as a rule, always 
 looking quite charming, and wearing snow white 
 aprons, enter the ring, carrying their dog in 
 one arm and its highly polished " case house " 
 in the other ; they have also one of their specialty 
 brushes. The case is deposited upon the ground, the 
 little fellow to be exhibited is placed upon the top of 
 it, and, until the judge is looking around, final 
 touches are carefully given the toilet. The exhibit 
 is then allowed to trot about, sometimes in a lead, 
 sometimes without one. The judge now picks up 
 the dog in his hands and examines it carefully, even 
 to the separation of the coat down the back ; then 
 it is allowed another run, and if the class be a big 
 one and troublesome the exhibitress carries the dog 
 under her arm, or replaces him on the top of his case. 
 Then in due course the awards are made, and it 
 is seldom that we hear any grumbling. The com- 
 petitors are eventually taken back to their benches 
 and, all being right, the hair on the head, which had 
 been " let down," is replaited and retied, the chamois 
 socks are replaced on the hind legs, and the little 
 competitor is once more safely ensconced in his 
 box, which may be is now bedecked with cherry- 
 coloured ribbons or elaborately curtained with choice 
 lace. 
 
 Actual measurements go for not very much, but 
 
348 Modern Dogs. 
 
 the length of the hair on the body and head of 
 some of the best dogs is almost incredible, and 
 its texture and colour are simply extraordinary. It 
 is said that when in his best form the little dog 
 Conqueror, already alluded to, had hair of almost 
 uniform length of 24in. ; he weighed about 5Jlb. One 
 of the smartest little dogs of the variety, and a 
 game little chap too, was Mr. Kirby's Smart, 
 which did a lot of winning about twenty years 
 ago. Old Huddersfield Ben was another of the 
 " pillars " of the breed ; Mrs. Troughear's Dread- 
 nought was another celebrity ; and Mrs. Foster's 
 (Bradford) Bright and Sandy were notable dogs a 
 few years ago. Indeed, to the latter (one of our 
 few lady judges), and to her husband, Mr. Jonas 
 Foster, more than to anyone else is due any little 
 popularity the Yorkshire terriers possess to-day. 
 They have bred them for years, and have from 
 time to time owned the most perfect specimens 
 imaginable. Mrs. Foster's Ted, who weighed 5lb., 
 has, perhaps, for all round excellence, never been 
 excelled, and it was extremely funny to see this 
 little whippet of a dog competing against an enor- 
 mous St. Bernard or dignified bloodhound for the 
 cup for the best animal in the show. Nor did the 
 award always go to the big and to the strong. One 
 of the tiniest dogs I ever saw was a Yorkshire terrier 
 
Yorkshire and other Toy Terriers. 349 
 
 Mrs. Foster showed at Westminster Aquarium in 
 1893. Mite by name and nature, for it weighed 
 only a couple of pounds, was nicely formed, of fair 
 colour, and quite as active, even more so, than 
 some of the bigger creatures often brought into 
 the ring, which they certainly do not grace. 
 Another extraordinary and diminutive Yorkshire 
 terrier is Mrs. Vaughan Fowler's Longbridge Bat r 
 which scales 2flb., and is particularly smart and 
 lively. 
 
 The best of the variety are certainly kept in few 
 hands. Amongst the older breeders were, in 
 addition to the names already mentioned, Mr. John 
 Inman, of Brighouse, Yorkshire ; Mr. J. Spink, 
 Bradford ; Mr. A. Boulton, Accrington ; Miss 
 Alderson, Leeds ; Mr. Cavanagh, Leeds ; Mr. 
 Greenwood, Bradford ; Mrs. Bligh Monck, Coley 
 Park, Reading ; Lady Gifford, Redhill ; and Mr. 
 Wilkinson, Halifax ; whilst the best modern kennels 
 are those of Mrs. Foster, at Bradford ; Mrs. 
 Vaughan Fowler, Longbridge, Warwick; Mr. J. B. 
 Leech, Clifton, Bristol ; Mr. T. D. Hodgson, 
 Halifax ; and Messrs. Walton and Beard, West 
 Brompton. 
 
 The Yorkshire terrier is by no means a common 
 commodity, and although third or fourth rate 
 specimens are sometimes to be obtained from the 
 
Modern Dogs. 
 
 London dealers, Bradford is their home. Here it is 
 not difficult to obtain a suitable dog at a fair price, 
 and it is said that upon one occasion, when the late 
 Mr. E. Sandell required three or four for a certain 
 purpose, and was unable to obtain them in London, he 
 took a journey to Bradford or Halifax, I quite forget 
 which. He issued a short notice that he would 
 give a prize of a sovereign or two for the best York- 
 shire terrier to be exhibited without entry at a certain 
 public-house on a certain evening. In due course a 
 rare good collection was brought together, from 
 which the enterprising promoter speedily selected 
 and purchased what he required, he at the same 
 time suiting himself, pleasing the dog fanciers, and, 
 as it was said at the time, " doing a good turn for 
 the publican." 
 
 It has been said that the Yorkshire terrier is any- 
 thing but a hardy dog, and usually dies at an early 
 age. A correspondent wrote some time ago that 
 his " Yorkshires " were carefully attended to in every 
 way, regularly washed and groomed, and most 
 judiciously fed. Still, with all the care bestowed 
 upon them, he could not keep them alive more than 
 from two to three years at most. This was no doubt 
 an unusual experience, for although by being inbred 
 to a very great extent, and by the sedentary life they 
 lead, they cannot be called hardy, still, they, as 
 
Yorkshire and other Toy Terriers. 351 
 
 a rule survive to a fair age, and some of the best have 
 been shown successfully for quite as many years as 
 any other variety of exhibition dog. Mrs. Foster's 
 little champion Ted was quite at the head of his 
 class for six years, at any rate ; whilst Hudders- 
 field Ben, Conqueror, and others appeared 
 successfully for three years or more without interval. 
 Ted, whose weight in good condition was just 5lb., 
 appears to have been peculiarly healthy, for he 
 never had a day's illness from the time Mrs. Foster 
 purchased him at Heckmondwike show in 1887. 
 He was withdrawn from the show bench in 1893, 
 having, during his unexampled career, won two 
 hundred and sixty-five first prizes. Last summer 
 Ted's hair was all cropped very close, in order that 
 he could more comfortably run about the house, but 
 as I write in the spring of 1894, it has grown quite 
 long again, and this charming and unique little 
 fellow is still as lively as the proverbial kitten, and 
 as sound as a bell, though approaching nine years 
 of age. 
 
 A Yorkshire Terrier Club was formed in 1886, but 
 owing, as I have already said, to the comparatively 
 few people who keep the variety, it has not made any 
 particularly marked improvement in the variety. It 
 has, however, issued a description, which is as 
 follows : 
 
352 Modern Dogs. 
 
 General Appearance. The general appearance 
 should be that of a long-coated pet dog, the coat 
 hanging quite straight and evenly down each side, 
 a parting extending from the nose to the end of 
 the tail; the animal should be very compact and 
 neat, the carriage being very sprightly, bearing an 
 important air. Although the frame is hidden beneath 
 a mantle of hair, the general outline should be such 
 as to suggest the existence of a vigorous and well- 
 proportioned body. 
 
 Head. Should be rather small and flat, not too 
 prominent or round in the skull ; rather broad at the 
 muzzle, a perfectly black nose ; the hair on the 
 muzzle very long, which should be a rich deep tan, 
 not sooty or grey. Under the chin, long hair, and 
 about the same colour as the centre of the head, 
 which should be a bright, golden tan, and not 
 on any account intermingled with dark or sooty 
 hairs. Hair on the sides of the head should 
 be very long, and a few shades deeper tan than 
 the centre of the head, especially about the ear- 
 roots. 
 
 Eyes. Medium in size, dark in colour, having a 
 sharp, intelligent expression, and placed so as to 
 look directly forward ; they should not be promi- 
 nent. The edges of the eyelids should also be of 
 a dark colour. 
 
Yorkshire and other Toy Terriers. 353 
 
 Ears. Cut or uncut ; if cut, quite erect ; if not 
 cut, to be small V-shaped and carried semi-erect, 
 covered with short hair ; colour to be a deep, 
 dark tan. 
 
 Mouth. Good even mouth ; teeth as sound as 
 possible. A dog having lost a tooth or two through 
 accident, not the least objectionable, providing the 
 jaws are even. 
 
 Body. Very compact and a good loin, and level 
 on the top of the back. 
 
 Coat. The hair as long and straight as possible 
 (not wavy), which should be glossy, like silk (not 
 woolly) ; colour, a bright steel blue, extending from 
 the back of the head to the root of the tail, and on 
 no account intermingled the least with fawn, light, 
 or dark hairs. 
 
 Legs. Quite straight, which should be of a bright 
 golden tan, and well covered with hair a few shades 
 lighter at the ends than at the roots. 
 
 Feet. As round as possible ; toe nails black. 
 
 Tail. Cut to a medium length, with plenty 
 of hair on, darker blue in colour than the rest 
 of body, especially at the end of the tail, 
 and carried a little higher than the level of the 
 back. 
 
 Weight. Divided into two classes, viz. : under 
 5lb. and over 5lb., but not to exceed I2lb. 
 
 A A 
 
354 Modern Dogs. 
 
 SCALE OF POINTS. 
 Value. ' Value. 
 
 Quantity and colour of 
 
 hair on back 25 
 
 Quality of coat 15 
 
 Tan 15 
 
 Head 10 
 
 Mouth 5 
 
 Ears 5 
 
 Legs and feet 5 
 
 Body and general ap- 
 pearance 10 
 
 Tail 5 
 
 Eyes 5 
 
 70 
 
 Grand Total, 100. 
 
 There are some other rough-haired toy terriers, 
 which are, however, of little account, because they 
 have never been bred to any particular type. Occa- 
 sionally wee things very like what a miniature Skye 
 terrier would be are seen ; and, again, some smart 
 little dogs with cut ears, evidently a cross between 
 a Yorkshire terrier and some other variety of small 
 dog, are not at all uncommon, and were quite 
 numerous before the dog show era commenced. 
 Since then the general public will not look at any- 
 thing other than what is considered to be of blue 
 blood. At one of the early London shows separate 
 classes were provided for Scotch terriers under 
 7lb. weight and white in colour, fawns with the 
 same limit, and blues likewise, each of the three 
 attracting a fair entry, most of which were, how- 
 
Yorkshire and other Toy Terriers. 355 
 
 ever, what we should now call " cross-bred " broken- 
 haired toy terriers. 
 
 Following the Yorkshire, the most popular toy 
 terriers are the black and tans. A good specimen 
 should not exceed from 5lb. to 61b. in weight, and 
 ought to be an exact counterpart in miniature of 
 the black and tan or Manchester terrier described 
 earlier on. Some of the very best toys of this 
 variety have been produced from fully sized parents, 
 but it is well to breed them from a dog as small 
 as possible, and from a bitch 81b., iolb., or i2lb. 
 weight. In such a case there is less risk of the 
 puppies dying, and they are more easily reared 
 when brought up by a big, strong, sound mother. 
 It is seldom we see a really good black and tan 
 toy terrier nowadays. There were one or two at 
 Cruft's show at the Agricultural Hall, Islington, in 
 1894, the winners, Mr. Gallaher's Lady Helen 
 Blackwood and Mr. T. Adams's Oxford Beauty, 
 being about equal to anything I have seen of late. 
 Mrs. Foster, of Bradford, has owned a few good 
 specimens, and both the London and Birmingham 
 u fancy " once upon a time prided themselves on 
 these little dogs. However, they were always 
 more or less delicate, and continuous in-breeding 
 caused them to be produced with round skulls 
 "apple-headed" they were called full eyes, narrow, 
 
 A A 2 
 
356 Modern Dogs. 
 
 pinched muzzles, and long, hare-like feet, the latter 
 suggesting that an endeavour had been made to 
 strengthen the strain by inter-breeding with Italian 
 greyhounds. A really good, cobbily-built little black 
 and tan terrier was a pretty creature ; but the 
 " apple-headed," greyhound-shaped animals com- 
 monly seen are not worth keeping. The difficulty 
 of producing the former has no doubt conduced to 
 their downfall, of which there is no doubt whatever, 
 and I fancy it is only a matter of time before the 
 variety actually ceases to exist. 
 
 The delicacy of the toy black and tan terrier 
 makes it particularly liable to attacks of skin 
 disease, pretty nearly all the hair falling away ; and 
 when such is the case it is nothing unusual for the 
 little dog to go through life without any hair at all 
 on his chest, breast, and throat, and no more on 
 the tail than is found on the common rat. Some- 
 times the usual washes or lotions for strengthening 
 the growth of the human hair may be useful in such 
 cases, and I have known the recipe recommended 
 on page 344 (omitting the white precipitate) for the 
 Yorkshire terriers, sparingly applied twice a week, 
 to have a beneficial effect. 
 
 From these black and tan toy terriers blue or 
 blue and tan specimens are often produced, even 
 to such an extent as to be an excuse for the 
 
Yorkshire and other Toy Terriers. 357 
 
 belief prevalent in some quarters that this is a 
 variety of itself. The latter is, however, not the 
 case, although there were occasions where special 
 classes have been provided for them at the London 
 and larger provincial shows. These so-called 
 " blues " may either be entirely devoid of tan or 
 marked with the latter just as the Manchester 
 terrier ought to be. There is, however, less hair 
 or coat about them, and some I have seen could 
 boast of about as free a growth of hair on the body 
 as some of the Mexican dogs, or as the so-called 
 " African sand dogs." Such are certainly not 
 desirable or pleasant creatures to cultivate, for at 
 the best they are but shivering little quadrupeds, 
 and, taken out when the sun does not shine and 
 the wind blows, as is so frequently the case in 
 this variable climate of ours, require sheeting to 
 keep them warm and prevent them catching 
 cold. 
 
 A toy terrier that I think is worth encouraging is 
 to be found in the more diminutive specimens of 
 the English white terrier. Here again, going back 
 for a quarter of a century, I can recollect some 
 charming specimens of the variety, most aristo- 
 cratic-looking little fellows, straight, and with good 
 carriage, and varying in weight from about $\b. 
 to 7lb. These were usually bred by the London 
 
358 Modern Dogs. 
 
 fanciers of the East-end. Some of the bigger 
 dogs were not unfrequently used in the rat pit, 
 and classes were provided for them at the earlier 
 shows in London. The well-known Billy Tupper 
 was a great admirer of this variety, and I have seen 
 some good ones at the late James Hinks' (Bir- 
 mingham), and at other resorts in the Midlands. 
 Recently there has not been even a fair specimen 
 benched, and why the variety has not at any rate 
 continued to the same extent as the toy black and 
 tan is not easily made out. Of the two, the white 
 dog is the handsomer, and, even when not quite 
 terrier-like in head, he does not so ill-become the 
 round skull as is the case with the Manchester 
 dog. 
 
 In London, Birmingham, and Manchester, are 
 still to be found toy bull terriers which may range 
 from 4lb. to 81b. in weight. Could these be pro- 
 duced with straight fore legs and with less width of 
 chest than is the case at present, they might be 
 taken up by the public. They are hardier, gamer, 
 and might even be made smarter, than any of the 
 smooth varieties of toy terriers I have alluded to, 
 and are certainly the pluckiest little dogs for their 
 size I have ever come across. At a comparatively 
 recent date they appear to have been crossed with 
 some little bulldog ; or, if this has not been the 
 
Yorkshire and other Toy Terriers. 359 
 
 case, no pains have been taken to produce them 
 with straight terrier-like fore legs. A bandy-legged 
 animal is not appreciated by the modern lovers of a 
 fancy dog, omitting, of course, the British bulldog ; 
 and as I fancy these toy bull terriers are hardier 
 and less in-bred than their cousins, a clever man 
 might find it worth his while trying to produce them 
 to pattern. Three or four generations of careful 
 crossing should easily do this, and a white bull 
 terrier, not more than 61b. in weight, sturdy, 
 compact, determined, able to kill rats, and not so 
 big as to be in the way in the drawing-room, would 
 certainly find favour and a good market. 
 
 That there is a decadence in all these smooth- 
 coated toy terriers is not to be doubted, and I am 
 not alone in the belief that this has been brought 
 about by the difficulty in breeding good specimens. 
 This difficulty has arisen from the misjudged 
 persistency with which the " fanciers " of a few 
 years back bred for diminutiveness alone, trying to 
 produce mites of creatures 3lb. or 4lb. weight, 
 altogether ignoring that such were little more than 
 abortions, too fragile to trot behind their mistress, 
 too delicate to live. The smallest dog I ever saw 
 was a black and tan toy terrier, which weighed 
 2ioz. at 10 months old, but it was neither useful 
 nor ornamental, thought it might be considered a 
 
360 Modern Dogs. 
 
 curiosity as the " Madame Tom Thumb" of the 
 race from which it sprang. One has occasionally 
 read of even more diminutive little canines than any 
 I have mentioned. Such are, as a rule, advertised 
 and puffed by unprincipled dealers, who rig out a 
 three or four months puppy in chain and collar, and 
 attempt to palm it off on some credulous admirer 
 as " Twelve months old on the second of June, 
 Madame ! the littlest tarrier in the world, and dirt 
 cheap at io\ but the youngsters at home has 
 measles, and I wants the coin badly, so, lady, you 
 can have it for ^"4 ! " And many a so-called toy 
 terrier, purchased under such circumstances, has 
 developed into a spindle-shanked mongrel of lolb. 
 weight. So, fair readers, beware of such little 
 " dawgs " as are offered for sale in the streets. 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 OTHER TERRIERS. 
 
 ALTHOUGH in the foregoing pages I have given 
 fourteen chapters to what may well be called 
 different varieties of the terrier, several of the race 
 remain yet unrepresented, and without any reproach 
 on the character of those already described, there 
 are other terriers quite equal to such as are given 
 precedence in the " Stud Book " and by me. 
 
 A few years ago an " Old English Terrier Club " 
 was formed, and it sought to bring out of various 
 country districts that hardy, hard-bitten game dog 
 common thereto, and which was used for work. 
 So far this club has done its work but moderately ; 
 a few good dogs were through it introduced, but too 
 often the winner, in the special classes provided 
 were either Airedale terriers or Welsh terriers, and 
 a case has been known where a dog was by the 
 judges given honours in both its own class as an 
 Airedale terrier and in that for the so-called old 
 English variety, which is no variety at all. 
 
362 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Few sporting country districts are or were without 
 their own special strain of terriers, in which appear- 
 ance was of little object so long as gameness 
 predominated. By " gameness " I do not mean 
 partiality to righting and cat-killing, and standing 
 being cut up piece-meal without flinching or 
 whimpering, but killing vermin and going to 
 ground after fox, or badger, or otter wild animals, 
 and not tame, domesticated, and semi-tame 
 creatures. I have seen a dog of great excellence 
 and gameness in a street fight, which would 
 run away and yelp when a big buck rat seized 
 him by the nose. One harm dog shows have done, 
 they have distracted attention from the hardy, 
 intelligent, maybe cross-bred terrier, to what is 
 generally a more effeminate creature, though maybe 
 handsomer in markings and narrower in the chest. 
 As a matter of fact, a really first-class dog for the 
 show bench is far too valuable a creature to run any 
 risk of being killed underground by a badger or by 
 an earth or rock that might fall upon him. 
 
 Fancy a five hundred pound fox terrier running 
 after Tommy Dobson's hounds over the mountains 
 of Eskdale, or doing the rough work that is required 
 of such dogs as the Robsons keep up in Northumber- 
 land ! Every time such dogs as these go out they 
 carry, as it were, u their lives in their hands." They 
 
Other Terriers. 363 
 
 have to kennel with hounds who might worry 
 them, live on rough but homely fare, swim through 
 wet drains, or go to ground in huge fox earths from 
 which they may never see the light of heaven again. 
 There is the danger of receiving fatal wounds from 
 their game of fox or otter, sweetmart or foulmart, 
 any of which may tear up a nose or split an ear, 
 and finish the recipient of such an injury so far as 
 the show-bench would be concerned. There are 
 terriers which I have already described kept for the 
 latter alone, and no doubt many of them are game 
 enough, but for wild, rough work of hunting in its 
 various forms, other terriers are required as assistants 
 to the hounds, and such of them as I know shall 
 come under the heading of this chapter. And note 
 at the outset that I believe that the terriers of which 
 I am about to write have far hardier constitutions, 
 and are stronger physically than their more fashion- 
 able cousins. I have had prize fox terriers of my 
 own, about as good and game as ever were made, 
 properly trained, and entered and kennelled with 
 hounds. Such would go to ground and do all that 
 was required of them, but after a long day they re- 
 quired carrying home, when the so-called " mongrels" 
 were trudging away at the tails of the hounds. 
 They have heart enough, and the inclination, 
 but the physical strength is deficient. 
 
364 Modern Dogs. 
 
 There is or was no particular range or locality for 
 these working terriers ; they extended from Northum- 
 berland in the north, to Devonshire in the west, and 
 were to be met with in almost every intermediate 
 county. 
 
 Away in Devonshire the Rev. John Russell 
 possessed some almost entirely white, hard-jacketed 
 little fellows, whose good qualities are not yet for- 
 gotten. Then in far distant Yorkshire we had 
 another terrier, equally game and better looking, 
 and from which has sprung the rough-coated fox 
 terrier now so numerous at our leading dog shows. 
 Wherever hunting the fox, the badger, or the otter 
 was followed these good terriers were found, and 
 perhaps, with the two exceptions named and a few 
 others, such were black and tan, yellow or red of 
 various shades, or pepper and salt. Many of them 
 had some white on their breasts, a white foot or 
 two, and a dash of the same between the black 
 nose and the dark, piercing little eyes was not 
 uncommon. Such dogs varied in size, but were 
 usually less than 2olb. in weight, and if well trained 
 and entered, proved admirable hands at destroying 
 vermin. Some of them were fawn or red, others 
 pepper and salt. Old Will Norris, for fifty years 
 or more a noted earth-stopper connected with the 
 East Kent hounds, had a terrier which, to judge 
 
Other Terriers. 365 
 
 from an engraving in the Sporting Magazine about 
 1 833, was an exact counterpart of some of those shown 
 not long ago by Mr. C. H. Beck, Dr. Edwardes-Ker, 
 Mr. Ashwen, and others as Welsh terriers. Yet his 
 was purely a local strain, that would well have been 
 worth preserving. 
 
 One has distinct recollections of various strains 
 of terriers, not show dogs, but animals kept as 
 companions, and trained to hunt and do the work 
 intended for them. Such had always good legs 
 and feet and strong constitutions, the latter not 
 a sine qua non in the champions of the present 
 era. The north of England was usually prolific 
 in producing terriers ; the working artisans in the 
 manufacturing centres owned them ; the masters 
 of hounds who hunted the foxes on the hills and 
 mountains, where horses could not follow, and only 
 few men, always required a " creeping terrier," that 
 would bolt a fox or worry him in the hole if he 
 refused to face the open. Some had a dash of bull 
 terrier blood in them, others had not. Of the former 
 was a well-known dog called Tory, about 22lb. 
 weight, with ears cropped. He was all white, had a 
 hard, wiry coat, narrow in front, possessed of good 
 legs and feet, and built somewhat on racing lines. 
 The latter gave him such pace, and he was so good 
 a killer, that he often ran far into a stake for 
 
366 Modern Dogs. 
 
 whippets, which were nothing else but miniature 
 greyhounds. Tory was a poacher's dog; he could 
 drive hares into the nets at night, and be useful with 
 the ferrets in the daytime ; moreover, as a killer of 
 vermin and cats unequalled, he was always in 
 request when the " mart-hunters " required assist- 
 ance to their fox and otter hounds. He was quiet 
 and good-tempered, but when roused could fight 
 with, and more than hold his own against, any 
 quarrelsome collie in the district. The last of his 
 strain was Tory where he came from I know not 
 but as a workman no better dog ever lived. 
 
 About the same period, or a little later, a sporting 
 stonemason had a little terrier, not more than 61b. in 
 weight, a cross-bred one, with a longish coat, and 
 not the slightest sign of the Yorkshire toy about her, 
 which was a perfect wonder. As the fellow said, 
 " killing a score of rats was a little holiday to her," 
 she would buckle a fox, and her love for creeping 
 was an actual nuisance, for if she ever saw an open 
 drain or sewer, ferret-like she would give herself a 
 shake, and immediately disappear on an exploration 
 sub-terrestrial. The only other bond fide toy I ever 
 knew that is, a dog under 61b. weight that loved 
 creeping was a little yellow bitch, which went with 
 the Stockton otter hounds some dozen years or so 
 ago. This was a game little creature, but, un- 
 
Other Terriers. 367 
 
 fortunately, excitement with hounds, and a " mark" 
 at some holt, repeatedly brought on a fit, which 
 quite spoiled the pleasure of seeing her good work. 
 Amongst other notable terriers was one of my own 
 earliest possessions, that was peculiar only so in 
 appearance. He was a chesnut in colour, darker 
 on the back, and shading down to tan on the legs 
 and sides ; his nose, too, was of the same hue, and 
 his eyes formed an exact match. Handsomeness 
 was not his characteristic. Then we called him a 
 Scotch terrier, now his coat would have been plucked 
 to make him eligible for the Welsh terrier class. His 
 accomplishments were many, for, in addition to 
 leaping through hoops, sitting up, and walking on 
 his hind legs, he could retrieve fur and feather well 
 and quickly. In the field, either above or under 
 ground, he would do all required of a terrier, and, as 
 a rat hunter at the water's edge, he had few 
 superiors ; and a big, strong rat in the river or canal 
 affords sport well, certainly of a higher class than 
 pigeon shooting and rabbit coursing with fox terriers. 
 A little hard-coated, dirty- coloured fawn bitch, 
 about i61b. weight, of the common strain the writer 
 possessed, showed a wonderful nose (we broke them 
 to trail hunting when about six months old), and at 
 seven she would run the scent of a rabbit skin a 
 couple of miles and beat all competitors. Unfortu- 
 
368 Modern Dogs. 
 
 nately, this bitch was ill-natured, and was not kept 
 long. Several of her sisters, brothers, and cousins 
 were celebrities in their various stations of life. They 
 could kill a fox or foulmart, and were what is known 
 now as being " dead game." These were longish- 
 coated dogs, generally in colour fawn, or fawn tinged 
 with brown, varying from i4lb. to 2olb. in weight; 
 they had small drop ears, which sometimes hung 
 down at the sides of the cheeks, and possessed a 
 certain amount of otter-hound character. Rather 
 more terrier-like was a strain once kept by the 
 gunpowder makers at Elterwater, in the English 
 lake district, where there was a pack of otter hounds. 
 The men here living almost at the foot of the 
 lake mountains, had ample opportunity to try their 
 dogs with the mountain foxes, marts, and stoats, 
 which in past days were not uncommon. One of 
 the coopers possessed a little, pale red bitch called 
 Worry, not more than i4lb. in weight, and worth 
 her weight in gold, so everybody said. That she 
 was a good one could not be doubted ; a five- 
 pound note was more than once refused for her, and 
 her owner got from fifteen to twenty shillings each 
 for her puppies. In those times half-a-crown was a 
 common price for a four weeks old puppy, and less 
 than a sovereign for a broken dog. Thus Worry's 
 reputation was a great one, and when I saw her 
 
Other Terriers. 369 
 
 without a whimper, and with little trouble, kill a 
 huge foulmart in a plantation by the river side, it 
 was plain enough that her reputation had not been 
 obtained by fraudulent means. 
 
 Such terriers as the latter were, half a century 
 and longer ago, common enough in Cumberland 
 and Westmoreland. The old printer, who taught 
 me how to dress flies and catch trout, was never 
 tired of talking about his little Pepper, who had, 
 however, died long before I was born. Poor little 
 chap, they docked his tail on the " making-up 
 stone " in the " composing " room of a now defunct 
 local newspaper, and then took him into the editorial 
 office below, where the carrier had brought from 
 Martindale Fells a beautiful " sweetmart " (Martes 
 foind). Notwithstanding the still bleeding stump, 
 Pepper was ready for the fray, and, though in the 
 combat his nose was twice split, the formidable 
 "marten cat" was ultimately made ready for the 
 earlier process of the taxidermist's skill. Worry, 
 mated with another wonderfully game terrier a 
 dark-coloured one, Cockerton's Crab produced a 
 litter of puppies, one of which won prizes in the 
 earlier days of dog shows. Crab won second prize 
 at Kendal show in 1872, had no superior under 
 ground, and many are the foxes he has driven from, 
 or killed in, the huge earths, which are, however, of 
 
 B B 
 
370 Modern Dogs. 
 
 rock, that honeycomb Whitbarrow Scar. Mr. 
 W. H. B. Cockerton, of Richmond, Surrey, has in 
 his possession a portrait of his brother taken over 
 thirty years ago, in which one of this strain of 
 terriers occupies a leading position. This variety 
 of a useful sort of dog is now lost. No care was 
 taken to breed him in continuity, there was no 
 adoption of type, and on the introduction of the 
 smooth fox terrier, which could be sold for more 
 money, the less fashionable and coarser looking 
 creature had to give way. 
 
 Of these North-country terriers a correspondent, 
 writing from Devonshire to the Field in 1886, says : 
 <( The dormant spirit of an old fell hunter has 
 recently been keenly awakened at the mention of 
 the Elterwater terriers, which breed, I am informed, 
 is nearly extinct. Thirty years ago Mr. Robinson, 
 of Elterwater, kept a pack of rough hounds equally 
 good at otter or marten cat. The summers were 
 devoted to the pursuit of the ' fishmonger'; in the 
 winter the marten cat was our game. I can endorse 
 every word of your correspondent as to the game- 
 ness of the terriers that followed Tom Myers (the 
 huntsman) over crag and fell. The origin of the 
 breed is rather confused, and not to be relied on ; ( Ye 
 ken John Peel, I reckon ? one of his sort,' was the 
 usual Westmorland reply to the inquiring stranger. 
 
Other Terriers. 371 
 
 " Let me try to describe one of the best terriers 
 that ever went to ground after otter, badger, fox, 
 or marten. Old Mart weighed i2lb. or i4lb. ; long- 
 backed, broken-haired, with black back and tan 
 legs ; a small head, with powerful jaws ; ears small 
 and tulip-shaped so small that they almost looked 
 as if they had been cropped. Then there was 
 Wasp, out of Mart by a dog that followed the 
 Patterdale hounds. Wasp was low set, of a blueish 
 colour, smaller than her mother in fact, she 
 reminded you of a diminutive Bedlington. Then 
 we had a larger terrier, broken-haired, which I 
 always fancied had a touch of the bull in him. 
 One who has hunted on foot with them for ten 
 years, and is now nearly ' shelved/ may be pardoned 
 for a little senile egotism. 
 
 11 Let me relate the pluck of these three little 
 beauties. Returning home from a marten hunt 
 from Seat Sandal, our terriers marked, and went 
 to ground under Helm Crag, which consists of large 
 boulders and loose stones. We were not long waiting 
 before a scrimmage was taking place far beneath 
 us. To get them away by calling was useless ; 
 the labour of removing the rubbish was immense. 
 With the aid of some willing assistance, after 
 working all night, we came upon the terriers with 
 their foe, a badger. They had fought the badger 
 
 B B 2 
 
372 Modern Dogs. 
 
 for more than ten hours. Poor Mart was lifted out 
 almost lifeless, and never recovered her assailant's 
 bites ; Pincher lost his nose, and his frontispiece 
 was for ever marked ; while little Wasp seemed to 
 have escaped with few scars. Rydal Head and 
 Helvellyn have been the scenes of many a joyous 
 hunting day after marten cat and foulmart. 
 
 " I brought down to North Devon a pup of 
 Wasp's ; she did not disgrace the courage of her 
 progenitors. Many an otter has she tackled on 
 the river Taw, and on my fishing excursions my 
 faithful companion has roused me by her fighting 
 an otter under the banks. After a time otter 
 and terrier would bolt into the river, Vic holding 
 on and going under water with the otter until 
 breath failed. I regret to say that old age has 
 told its tale, and she has departed a game and 
 faithful companion for fourteen years. 
 
 " The Elterwater terriers had plenty of go in 
 them, and no shaking or trembling at your heels, 
 in frost and snow, like so many of the terriers of the 
 present day." 
 
 Of course, masters of otter hounds continue to 
 keep hard cross-bred terriers, for it is a fact that 
 a majority of the fashionably bred ones cannot 
 stand hard, wet work and kennel living. Mr. 
 Carrick, when master of the Carlisle pack, had that 
 
Other Terriers. 373 
 
 wonderful little fellow Teddy and many others. 
 But one equally good, and which had appearance 
 likewise to recommend him, was Mr. Wilkinson's 
 favourite when he had his hounds at Neasham 
 Abbey. The name of this terrier, which we have 
 seen drive three otters from one drain, we cannot 
 just call to mind ; he was a miniature of that grand 
 old Adam which, shown by McAdam Graham, more 
 than once figured on the show-bench successfully. 
 Almost all huntsmen who work the rough districts 
 of England and Wales have dogs which will do the 
 duty required of them, and to some such are 
 invaluable. Mr. John Benson had some hard 
 terriers running with the West Cumberland otter 
 hounds, and for two or three seasons a good-looking 
 white ''show-ring dog" did yeoman's service, at times 
 swimming with the hounds as well as going to 
 ground as occasion required. This was one of 
 the few exceptions where handsomeness and utility 
 were combined in one fox terrier. 
 
 Away in the wildest portions of the Cumberland 
 lake district, little Tommy Dobson, bobbin-turner 
 by trade and foxhunter by inclination and repute, 
 is as well known as ever Dick Christian was with 
 the Quorn ; but Dobson has to kill his foxes up 
 in the hills and fastnesses of Eskdale, round about 
 Wast Water, and elsewhere, amidst rocks and 
 
374 Modern Dogs. 
 
 crags. He does this by running them to ground 
 with a few couples of foxhounds, of a lighter build 
 than those of Leicestershire and other hunting 
 countries. When once marked, the terriers do the 
 remainder, in many cases killing the fox in his 
 earth, in others maiming him so that he is easily 
 caught by the hounds, and in the remainder making 
 the "red rover" bolt, when he perhaps will make 
 the best of his way to more " fox holes," where he 
 may remain in safety, if not in the meantime pulled 
 down in the open. This " great little huntsman " 
 has generally two or three brace of terriers, whose 
 working qualities cannot be surpassed. Their con- 
 stitutions are hard as nails, for they have to live 
 on the poorest of fare, and even in some cases 
 require to sup with Duke Humphrey after an 
 arduous day on the hills. These, again, are of no 
 particular strain mongrels, if you will, and some 
 of them have been personally known to me. Yellow 
 Jack, to outward appearance a half-bred Bedlington, 
 would go out of sight anywhere, and face otter or 
 fox, and fight with either or both. This dog was 
 not fond of water, but when out with the Kendal 
 otter hounds, and game was afoot, he hesitated at 
 nothing, and swam wet drains which other terriers 
 dared not enter. He would fight and punish any 
 otter until it was forced to bolt. Tinker was a 
 
Other Terriers. 375 
 
 dog of a different stamp, smooth-coated, and dark 
 brown or liver-coloured ; his head, ears, and feet 
 were so good that, white and hound-marked, his 
 figure at the Fox Terrier Club's show would have 
 attracted attention. As good in some respects as 
 Jack, Tinker was quarrelsome underground, where 
 he has repeatedly fought and killed a strange dog ; 
 and querulousness is a great fault in any terrier. 
 A snap at a hound in a kennel may cause a com- 
 motion likely to prove fatal, and a dog ill-natured 
 with his own species is not always so game to 
 the core as one which keeps his ferocity in check 
 until it be required against the enemy of his race. 
 
 In North Yorkshire there is still to be found a 
 similar terrier. The southern counties, too, have 
 always had some of them, and " Devonian," writing 
 to the Field in June, 1885, draws attention thereto. 
 The Earl of Macclesfield had a strain of black and 
 tan hard-haired terriers in Warwickshire. Another 
 family of the same type was to be found in Hertford- 
 shire; and " Badger," in the columns of the Field has 
 told us of Squire Jenny's Monk, whose excellences 
 were often shown after a run with his master's 
 foxhounds in Suffolk. Various engravings and 
 paintings to be seen in old magazines, sporting 
 works, and hanging on the walls of our country 
 mansions likewise afford proof that a black and tan 
 
376 Modern Dogs. 
 
 terrier, with a rough coat, was more common in 
 almost every county in England than the white or 
 patched fox terrier was at the same time. And 
 fawn or red dogs, and others pepper and salt of the 
 same strain, were great favourites with the people. 
 Colour was of little consideration so long as the dog 
 could do the work his master intended him for. 
 
 Crab was the name of another little terrier, a 
 great celebrity with one of the best north country 
 packs of otter hounds. I fancy he was of the same 
 strain that Tom Andrews, the Cleveland huntsman, 
 formerly possessed, but Tom has been dead for 
 twenty years, and it is doubtful to what extent 
 his strain now survives. Certainly it does not do so 
 in sufficient numbers to reintroduce the genuine 
 article to the great British public. Of course, a 
 spurious imitation could be manufactured easily 
 enough, but in this there would be that something 
 missing character it is called which in humanity 
 marks the man of noble blood a distinct being from 
 the one of plebeian origin. 
 
 A good stamp of terrier is depicted in that fine 
 old engraving, " Safer Within than Without/' where 
 the terriers watch the rat inclosed in the wire 
 trap; and " Distinguished Burrow Members," sitting 
 near sundry rabbit holes, a group a good deal 
 quieter in the pursuit of their duties than many 
 
Other Terriers. 377 
 
 distinguished and honourable Borough Members of 
 the present day. These two engravings are admir- 
 able as representative of a variety of terrier seldom 
 found now, and certainly more picturesque than 
 some modern strains. 
 
 A few years since I came across a somewhat odd, 
 but not an unusual mixture to find in a man a 
 combination of gamekeeper, fisherman, poacher, and 
 labourer. He belonged to the north country, and 
 always told me his blood was of the best. Certainly 
 his name was the same as that of a family that had 
 been settled on land of their own before the 
 conqueror William came over, and whose pride it 
 was to boast that they had never paid fee or fealty 
 to any Norman invader. This fellow and I were 
 friends for years. He was fond of sport of all kinds, 
 observant of the habits of animals and fish, whilst 
 the rarer plants and ferns did not escape his 
 penetrating eyes. The first time we met was at the 
 riverside, when fishing a deep hole for salmon with 
 worm. Whilst I was tying up my rod he had a bite, 
 which he said was that of an eel, for the line quietly 
 travelled down the current just in the manner it does 
 when such a fish is running away with the bait. 
 However, in this instance the eel turned out to be a 
 nice, bright 7lb. grilse, which was hooked, and, in 
 due course, neatly netted by the writer. 
 
378 Modern Dogs. 
 
 My newly-found acquaintance proved a good 
 fisherman in all branches of the craft, and, although 
 never confessing to the soft impeachment, I fancy 
 he was as well acquainted with the use of the net as 
 with the rod, reel, and line. He owned a useful sort 
 of dog, about 2olb. in weight, smooth but close- 
 coated, almost all tan in colour, still with sufficient 
 black on the back to make a black and tan terrier 
 without much exaggeration. But it was nothing 
 like the Manchester strain of to-day. He was a 
 leggy dog, and like galloping ; his ears were small, 
 V-shaped, and " dropped " beautifully. His excel- 
 lence lay in the formation of his head, which, of 
 great length from occiput to nose, was of perfect 
 terrier shape, with immense jaw power ; his eyes, too, 
 were perfect. A dog of his kind you seldom find 
 without good legs and feet and strongly developed 
 in his muscles generally. Nor was this any excep- 
 tion to the rule " You've a niceish terrier there," 
 said I. " Yes," was the reply, " it's a fair 'un. 
 You kna a bit aboot dogs, mister," he continued, 
 " but you mappen don't ken this sort?" " No, 
 indeed I don't," was the reply. " Whia he's a 
 Bewcastle tarrier ! " Such a variety I had not 
 previously heard of, nor have I since. Still, the 
 animal had unmistakable distinctive features, and, 
 as usual, he was " the best in the world." She, 
 
Other Terriers. 379 
 
 rather, I should say, for the " Bewcastle terrier " 
 was a female. 
 
 I was soon a willing listener to all the stories of 
 the feats this wonderful bitch " Bess " had per- 
 formed ; foxes killed " single-handed," otters bolted, 
 foulmarts and sweetmarts exterminated ; but all tales 
 were " capped " by one, where, in conjunction with 
 her owner, she killed twenty-three weasels out of a 
 large pack which attacked them one afternoon. 
 This was the usual weasel tale, when one, being 
 hunted and sorely pressed, squeaked or chattered 
 an alarm, and forthwith scores of little heads peered 
 from a stone wall, to be followed by the bodies of 
 the active little creatures, which swarmed round 
 man and dog. Both had to fight hard for their lives. 
 Bess was sorely bitten, and it was not until close on 
 two dozen ferocious little blood suckers had bitten 
 the dust that the survivors beat a retreat. Person- 
 ally, I always considered Bess a mongrel, and when 
 I found that her owner never saved her puppies, but 
 lent their dam out as a foster-mother to a greyhound 
 breeder, my opinion was in part justified. Still, she 
 was a stamp of terrier quite attractive, and possessed 
 the sense of a man. The way in which she once 
 ran alongside a stone fence to take a short cut to a 
 gap through which a hare we had started was likely 
 to go, proved her a poacher of the first water, and 
 
380 Modern Dogs. 
 
 when she made her stroke at puss she killed. 
 Without vouching for the truth of her feats with the 
 larger vermin and the weasels, I can speak in the 
 highest terms of her credentials as a bitch to shoot 
 fur over, which she retrieved capitally. Her end 
 was an untimely one, being brought about by a 
 runaway engine on a local railway line. 
 
 It will be nearly thirty years since a sporting high 
 sheriff brought north from London a black terrier 
 with cropped ears and a short wiry coat. This was 
 a 24lb. dog, low on the legs, sturdily and stoutly 
 made ; he was said to be of fighting strain, and his 
 character was such that a good round sum (for those 
 days) had been paid for him. In the north he was 
 a failure, for the country dogs could beat him at his 
 own job; and in hunting and rough fell work he was no 
 use at all, for his early training had been neglected. 
 
 Some there may be reading this chapter who will 
 recollect Spring, a rough-coated black and tan 
 terrier, about I5lb. in weight, celebrated more for a 
 wonderful knack he had of catching rabbits on their 
 seats than for any actual gameness. This dog was 
 light in limbs, but close in coat, which was rather 
 long ; he had a nice " whip " tail, carried straight, 
 in correct show form fashion ; his ears were small 
 and dropped well ; but his jaw was somewhat weak, 
 and he lacked terrier character. A distinctive 
 
Other Terriers. 381 
 
 feature he possessed was an enormous quantity of 
 hair and jacket about his neck ; I never saw a terrier 
 that had so much, and it is to be regretted that this 
 leading and protective characteristic of the working 
 terrier is lost sight of almost entirely nowadays. I 
 rather fancy Spring had some of the Elterwater 
 strain in him, but, his education being conducted by 
 a gamekeeper and rabbit catcher, it was as the latter 
 he excelled. On an occasion, specially invited to 
 witness Spring's excellence at rabbiting, in one 
 afternoon he caught no fewer than twenty-four 
 rabbits on their " forms," or seats, and the two guns 
 had not opportunity to shoot more than a dozen in 
 addition. This was on wildish, semi-cultivated 
 ground, where the rabbits either sat in tufts and 
 bunches of dead grass or underneath small bushes. 
 I do not know whether it is an unusual gift, possessed 
 by some terriers, to be able to distinguish a hare 
 from a rabbit, but about the same time that Spring 
 was in his hey-day, an old gamekeeper in Westmore- 
 land had a yellow terrier that would not follow a 
 hare a yard. On the contrary, after a rabbit he 
 would go until, without fail, the latter was either 
 caught or run to ground. This terrier was a 
 murderous sort of creature, his wide chest and broad 
 skull denoted a cross of the bulldog, which he 
 undoubtedly possessed, and his fighting propensities 
 
382 Modern Dogs. 
 
 made it an impossibility to work him in company 
 with other dogs. Rabbits or rats might surround 
 him, but such small vermin would be totally 
 neglected if there were a dog within sight to worry. 
 Some of the navvies who worked in the construction 
 of the early lines of railways owned sundry hard 
 terriers, mostly dashed with bulldog blood. These, 
 like their masters, could fight, were generally kept 
 for such a purpose, and when once properly entered 
 thereto, were almost useless for the actual work a 
 terrier is required for. 
 
 Dr. Edwardes Ker wrote to me some six or seven 
 years ago of a strain of black and tan wire-haired 
 terriers, once common in Suffolk and round about. 
 His informant, Mr. Sharpe Sharpe, was at that time 
 approaching a hundred years old, and for nearly 
 seventy he had been master of fox hounds. These 
 terriers were described as built on modern fox terrier 
 lines, and so game as to go " screaming mad at fox 
 and badger and at anything worth going for." But, 
 as I have said, it was indeed a poor sporting district 
 which did not possess at any rate one fairly distinct 
 strain of terrier, whether such was known under 
 the then all-embracing title of Scotch terrier or the 
 narrower one of the town, mansion, or locality to 
 which it was indigenous. About 1 886 several letters 
 were published relative to these old-fashioned terriers, 
 
Other Terriers. 383 
 
 and following them, classes were provided at two or 
 three shows, but such were not successful in 
 unearthing the true article, and the majority of the 
 awards went to miniature Airedale terriers, certainly 
 dogs whose dimensions were too great to allow them 
 to perform their work satisfactorily in a badger or fox 
 earth, and classes provided for similar terriers a 
 dozen years before met with little support. 
 
 Some little time ago, I was much struck with a 
 number of terriers in the possession of Mr. J. H. B. 
 Cowley, of Callipers, near King's Langley. I do 
 not know that I ever came across any little dogs 
 that more appealed to me. They were mostly white 
 or marked like a fox terrier, their coats were hard 
 and wiry, without fluffiness about them, and they 
 were short on the leg, nearly as much so as a 
 Scottish terrier, and their heads and jaws were long 
 and powerful, almost out of proportion to the size of 
 their bodies. They had drop ears, but like most 
 long, heavily-bodied dogs, were inclined to be crooked 
 on their fore legs. I have not of late seen any 
 strain of terrier which better deserves perpetuating 
 than this of Mr. Cowley's. They are very game, 
 are kept for their legitimate work of assisting at 
 underground work where badger and fox are 
 concerned, and are adepts at killing rats and other 
 vermin. I need hardly say that they abound in 
 
384 Modern Dogs. 
 
 character, and are not more than i61b. weight each. 
 The white dogs in Mr. Wardle's drawing are two of 
 Mr. Cowley's noted terriers. I may say he keeps a 
 Stud Book of his own, and mates all his bitches 
 carefully. However, I will, in his own words, give a 
 few particulars of Mr. Cowley's favourably known 
 strain of terrier. 
 
 He says, " This strain has practically the same 
 blood in them as several show dogs on the benches. 
 But ever since I kept a terrier I have always gone 
 in for a short-legged one, as I think such are more 
 suited for all the work a terrier ought to be called 
 upon to do, and particularly underground, where 
 long legs are practically useless, and often in the 
 way. Therefore I always breed with this point in 
 view, selecting the shortest legged ones out of each 
 litter to work and breed from if they enter all right ; 
 using now and again a ( show dog ' as cross out if 
 he is a worker, and has other points I want to get. 
 Those puppies that take after the bitch I keep in 
 preference to those taking after the sire in length 
 of leg. I have also gone to the Sealy Ham strain. 
 The points I try to breed for are especially long, 
 powerful heads, small drop ears, weather-resisting 
 jackets ; if a little long in the back none the worse 
 for work underground, where they can turn and twist 
 about better than a very short coupled dog. Nearly 
 
Other Terriers. 385 
 
 all animals that live much underground are made 
 thus, long in body compared to length of leg, such 
 as moles, weasels, stoats, polecats, badgers, &c. 
 
 " I try to breed the terriers as straight in the legs 
 as I can, but like most short-legged breeds, vide 
 Scottish terriers, Dandie Dinmonts, and some spaniels, 
 it is hard to get them perfectly straight the shorter 
 the leg the more difficult it becomes to get them 
 perfectly straight. I would not draft an otherwise 
 good dog because he turns his toes out. As for 
 weight, I like i61b. for dogs and 14^-lb. for bitches. 
 At this weight they can possess bone enough and 
 have their ribs well sprung, and need not have such 
 exaggerated narrow fronts, which a big dog must 
 possess if he is to get into an ordinary-sized earth 
 suffering consequently, I think, from insufficient 
 room for play of lungs and heart. For all work that 
 a terrier is called upon to do, I think a i61b. dog is 
 the best. 
 
 " I do not think a terrier's place is with a crack 
 pack of foxhounds in a grass country after cubbing 
 time." 
 
 Mr. Cowley further says, that some of the terriers 
 are almost too game underground, as when they 
 are so they are liable to get terribly punished by the 
 badgers. There are usually about four to six couples 
 of full-grown terriers in the kennels at Callipers, 
 
 c c 
 
386 Modern Dogs. 
 
 where great pains have been taken to individualise 
 the game and interesting little dogs during the past 
 twenty years. He first commenced his strain with 
 a little short-legged terrier purchased from Patrick, 
 stud groom to the old Surrey Foxhounds, and 
 a very game wire-haired bitch, showing a little 
 bulldog blood in her face. She was bred to a son 
 of old champion Tyrant, a small dog and very game, 
 as most of this grand old dog's stock were. Mr. 
 Cowley proceeds, " but perhaps a bitch called Sting, 
 bred in Cornwall, by a fox terrier out of alow-legged, 
 yellow, wire-haired bitch, much of the shape and 
 form of the modern Scottish terrier, did more than 
 any other dog I ever owned to get me the stamp 
 that I particularly fancy. Through her have come 
 all my best, including Viper, the best of all [the 
 white dog to the left in the group of terriers at 
 the commencement of this chapter] ; Sting was his 
 
 gr- g r - g r - g r - dam -" 
 
 There is a strain of terrier much talked about of 
 late known as the Sealy Ham, so called from the 
 seat near Haverfordwest of the Edwardes', whose 
 family it is said, have had the strain for well on to a 
 hundred years. This is another short-legged, long- 
 bodied terrier, with certain characteristics of the 
 fox terrier. He has a hard, wiry, weather-resisting 
 coat ; is mostly white, with black or brown, or brown 
 
Other Terriers. 387 
 
 and black marks, occasionally pure white, and 
 certainly not more than i81b. or so in weight. He 
 has been described as a short-legged, longish- 
 backed dog, strong and muscular, of unflinching 
 courage, hard biters (too much so in some 
 instances), and of unflinching courage." The black 
 and tan marked dog in the centre of the group 
 heading this chapter is a Sealy Ham terrier. 
 
 Another writer says the Sealy Ham terrier, 
 whose fame has spread far beyond the boundaries 
 of Pembrokeshire, is mostly used for otter hunting. 
 It is a distinct type of terrier, which by judicious 
 breeding the Edwardes family succeeded after many 
 years careful mating in producing, with long, wiry 
 bodies and short legs. This terrier resembles in 
 certain features the animal whose destruction it was 
 bred to accomplish, namely, the otter. The late 
 Capt. Edwardes was extremely proud of the working 
 capabilities of his dogs, and never tired of relating 
 encounters which his dogs frequently experienced 
 with badgers, otters, foxes, polecats, &c. Many is 
 the time that the foxhounds have had to enlist the 
 services of the Sealy Ham terriers in bolting a fox 
 which had gone to earth. It is said of the late 
 Capt. Edwardes, that on one occasion, when 
 presiding at a political meeting at Fishguard, he 
 was accompanied on to the platform by two of 
 
 C C 2 
 
388 Modern Dogs. 
 
 these terriers. This same Capt. Edwardes set a high 
 value on the pedigree of his family's terriers, and 
 at one of the Haverfordwest dog shows three years 
 or so ago the following entry from him appeared 
 in the catalogue, there being a class especially 
 provided for " working " terriers: " Capt. O. T. 
 Edwardes' Tip, 3 years, pedigree known for a 
 hundred years, warranted to go to ground to fox, 
 badger, and otter ; 5" 
 
 Some admirers of these Sealy Ham terriers claim 
 that they can hunt and kill an otter in a manner 
 similar to that in which otter hounds perform their 
 work. Unfortunately, I am an unbeliever in any 
 terrier in such a capacity, for only the old-fashioned 
 looking otter hound, with his immense jaws, slow 
 but sure on his drag, powerful in water as on land, 
 can hunt the otter as it ought to be done, 
 though the well trained foxhound comes in well 
 as a second edition ; terriers should only be used as 
 accessories to the sport. As to the capabilities of 
 terriers to kill an otter, I may say that something 
 like twenty-five years ago a 2ilb. otter was caught 
 in a trap, and, being comparatively uninjured, was 
 next day let loose in a large pool of water, where it 
 was free to fight, but could not well escape, though 
 an island in the centre of the pond afforded a 
 resting place, and it could come out on to the bank 
 
Other Terriers. 389 
 
 also. All the afternoon, for four hours or more, 
 was the poor creature attacked and worried by over 
 two dozen terriers of all degrees and sizes, many of 
 them with a good dash of bulldog blood in them, 
 and 3olb. weight each, or more. In the end the 
 gamest dogs were placed hors de combat , and the 
 otter was recaptured, evidently no worse for the 
 punishment he must have received. Being present 
 at this, and also having repeatedly seen a pack 
 of hounds in a meadow worrying an Cotter for 
 five minutes, the latter all the time working 
 towards the stream, and eventually escaping, are, 
 I think, sufficient reasons for doubting the powers 
 of a dozen, or even two or three dozen, Sealy Ham 
 or any other terriers Irish, Dandies, and Scotch 
 thrown in to kill an otter by their own powers, 
 and without the unfair assistance of poles and 
 sticks, nets and big stones. 
 
 Writing on the above strain of terriers reminds me 
 of a peculiar episode Captain Medwyn mentions in 
 his " Angler in Wales " (1834), an amusing book 
 and interesting, especially as the gallant captain and 
 his friends were well acquainted with Byron and 
 Shelley during the time they resided in Greece and 
 Italy. The heroes are Vixen and Viper, called 
 Scotch terriers, but almost all terriers were Scotch 
 in those days ; perhaps they might have been Sealy 
 
390 Modern Dogs. 
 
 Hams, or at any rate they were doubtless of Welsh 
 extraction. A half-pay naval captain had killed an 
 otter with them the day before Captain Medwyn 
 met and recognised him as an old acquaint- 
 ance. They set out to hunt the Tivy, and the 
 particulars thereof I shall give in the author's own 
 words. 
 
 " Each of us was armed with a harpoon. The 
 shafts were nearly eight feet long, and had been 
 attached by a carpenter over night to spear-heads 
 forming part and parcel of my naval friend's imple- 
 ments of warfare. . . . Our eagerness for the 
 sport was whetted by stories on stories which he 
 graphically told, of several of the feats performed by 
 Vixen and Viper, and their perilous 'scapes from 
 the jaws of sundry of these amphibious savages. 
 * . . . We came at last to an unfrequented, un- 
 tracked region, a likely haunt. One side was 
 denuded of wood, and on the other a steep bank ran 
 shelving down to the river's edge, clothed with 
 underwood, so closely intertwined as hardly to admit 
 of the dogs penetrating it. 
 
 " It was just such a spot as otters would choose 
 
 for their kennels, and R (who was master of 
 
 the terriers) soon descried a spraint which appeared 
 fresh. He immediately hied on the dogs. Their 
 rough wiry skins seemed impenetrable to the thorns 
 
Other Terriers. 391 
 
 and brambles, and they began to beat actively 
 among the briar-work. 
 
 " It was soon surmised that they were on the 
 
 scent of game, and R , who was acquainted 
 
 with their habits, said, ' They are on another ! Look 
 out ! They are not far from him ! Push him out, 
 Vixen ! At him, Viper ! ' 
 
 " He had hardly spoken when a rustling was 
 heard, the leaves trembled and shook, and a dog 
 otter of prodigious size rushed from his couch 
 among the roots of the alders, and took to the water, 
 the two terriers close behind. 
 
 <( ' There cannot be a finer spot/ said R , ' for 
 
 a successful chase. Once drive him on the opposite 
 side, and he will find it difficult to hide himself, and 
 must be ours. . ..- ': . Well done, Vixen!' But 
 the dogs required no encouragement, and as the 
 otter dived they dived also ; and such a monster 
 was he in size that when he rose to take breath 
 he could hardly at first be distinguished from the 
 terriers. 
 
 " R had waded the river, and the dourghie 
 
 was for some time lost, the dogs swimming round 
 and round, anxiously looking about for his reappear- 
 ance. He did not remain many minutes invisible, 
 the fresh-water seal soon showing himself again, 
 This time he was not above fifteen yards from 
 
392 Modern Dogs. 
 
 where R was posted, and he was afraid of 
 
 throwing his harpoon for fear of spearing Vixen. 
 so close did he rise to her. 
 
 " He now mounted the bank, and crossed the 
 meadow, where he was soon hidden from view by 
 the high grass . . . Tally ho ! he has again 
 taken to the water, and concealed himself in one of 
 his old holts, or burrows, under the bank. 
 
 " It was some time before we could persuade him, 
 by shaking the ground, to stir from his well known 
 retreat. But he again bolted, and just as he was 
 about to land on our side was prevented from so 
 doing by seeing us. I threw my harpoon and 
 missed him. He again dived, and we thought we 
 had lost him, but he at last came up, and was 
 so much exhausted from being hard pushed and 
 remaining so long under water, that he was forced 
 to make for the same shore to take breath, and 
 having reached a bush that projected over the 
 stream, and screened him from our sight, prepared 
 to stand at bay. He had posted himself with his 
 back to some old rat holes, and, his flanks protected 
 by two stumps of trees, he presented his front to his 
 enemies, only one of whom could come at him at a 
 time. He showed good generalship, and had all the 
 advantage of position. 
 
 " Vixen, swimming across to the place, soon 
 
Other Terriers. 393 
 
 pinned the otter by the neck, a favourite point of 
 attack of hers, as I afterwards heard from her 
 master ; but the powerful animal shook her off, and 
 seized her in turn in his terrific jaws. Vixen, 
 extricating herself from his grip, returned with fresh 
 courage to the conflict ; but, owing to the projec- 
 tion of the bank and the thick bush overhanging 
 
 the water, R could not come to the assistance 
 
 of his little favourite, and stood, not without some 
 misgivings as to the result, within a few paces of 
 the combatants. The battle was long doubtful, but 
 at length the otter seized Vixen by the throat, and 
 made his fangs meet in her jugular vein. The water 
 was dyed with blood. The bitch gave a short, low 
 howl of agony, and in a few minutes we saw her 
 extended on her back as if dying, and borne down 
 with the current. 
 
 " R , forgetting the otter in his anxiety for 
 
 his little pet, rushed into the water up to his middle, 
 and succeeded in reaching and bearing her out, 
 when he laid her on the grass and endeavoured to 
 staunch the blood with his handerchief." 
 
 The otter ultimately escaped, the wounded terrier 
 was taken to the inn, and made as comfortable as 
 possible. "Viper lay down by Vixen, and by low 
 whines told the excess of his grief, and endeavoured 
 to lick the mortal wound. He could not be induced 
 
394 Modern Dogs. 
 
 to take any food or to quit her side." As expected, 
 poor Vixen was found dead in the morning. 
 
 The day following Viper was missing, and after 
 several hours' search it was thought he had been 
 stolen. The otter hunting expedition thus being 
 
 spoiled, R returned to Builth, and Captain 
 
 Medwyn, with his angling friends, sought the banks 
 of the Tivy, the waters of which were now swollen 
 by over-night rains. The narrative proceeds : " We 
 came at length to the spot which had been the 
 scene of the otter hunt so fatal to the brave little 
 Vixen. Curiosity led me to look if any fresh marks 
 of the dourgie were visible, or if he had forsaken 
 his kennel. To my surprise I perceived some drops 
 of blood ; these we followed ; they became more 
 numerous, and led to what do you suppose, reader ? 
 Yes; rolled up together, and stiff and cold, were 
 discovered, in the embrace of death, the otter and 
 Viper. From the appearance of the ground the 
 battle had been a desperate one, the turf was red- 
 dened with their gore. * . . It was a memorable 
 incident, a proof of sagacity an instance of 
 memory, thought, and reasoning combined in one of 
 the canine species, which proves their intellectual 
 superiority to all other animals." 
 
 The terrier was buried, the otter taken away as a 
 trophy; it was found to weigh 3olb., and was the 
 
Other Terriers. 395 
 
 largest the Tivy ever produced. So much for the 
 terriers that Captain Medwyn saw when he was in 
 Wales. 
 
 One of the most useful strains of terrier which 
 still survives, and has done so without the bolstering 
 up of any specialist clubs or dog shows, but lives 
 and excels on its own merits alone, is a rough and 
 ready sort of dog kept in Northumberland and on 
 the Borders. This dog is neither a Dandie Dinmont 
 nor a Bedlington terrier, and I am inclined to agree 
 with what those who keep it say, that it is an older 
 breed than either. Mr. Jacob Robson, of Byrness, 
 near Otterburn, forwarded me a photograph of a 
 team of these terriers, and Mr. Wardle has success- 
 fully copied the group, so those who are interested 
 in the matter will be well able to see what these 
 terriers are like. Lately the name " Border Terrier" 
 has been given to them, an apt enough nomenclature, 
 but whether they require any particular designation 
 now after doing their work so well for a hundred 
 years, and perhaps more, is an open question. 
 
 These terriers are exact counterparts of such as 
 we had in Westmoreland twenty, thirty, and more 
 years ago ; they are like such as the Cockertons had, 
 and similar to those the gunpowder makers owned 
 at Elterwater. The yellow dogs are of the same 
 stamp as the little bitch Worry, already alluded to, 
 
396 Modern Dogs. 
 
 though they appear to be a trifle heavier and with 
 more coat ; the black and tans, or pepper, on the 
 right and left resemble the good terriers that won on 
 the bench and were bred from Worry and Crab. It 
 is remarkable how most of these Border terriers 
 have kept their good looks whilst they have been 
 bred only for work at least some of them have, and 
 I do not care a jot whether a terrier has a white 
 chest or not so long as he does his duty well. 
 Indeed, a good dog cannot be a bad colour, and I 
 am not certain whether one or two cherry or Dudley 
 nosed terriers I have known have not been amongst 
 the gamest of which I have had experience, and it 
 does not require a man to have a particular eye for 
 beauty to find out how ugly a red nosed dog looks. 
 
 I take it that these Border terriers have been 
 running up and down Northumberland and other of 
 the more northern counties from time immemorial 
 almost. Of later years they have been taken in 
 hand by some of the " hunting men " on the Borders, 
 as more useful for their purpose than any of what 
 may be called, without prejudice, fancy or fashionable 
 varieties. 
 
 Mr. Jacob Robson, who has been connected with 
 the Border Foxhounds all his life, and whose family, 
 I need scarcely say, is one of the very oldest in the 
 county, says : 
 
Other Terriers. 397 
 
 " The strain of terriers that has been bred by my 
 family, and in Northumberland and the Border, for 
 so long, is now called the Border terrier, from the fact 
 that they are principally used and bred in the 
 country hunted by the Border Foxhounds. This 
 nomenclature is, however, of recent date, as they 
 used formerly to have no particular name, but were 
 well known for their hardness and gameness. Reed- 
 water, North Tyne, Coquet, Liddesdale, and the 
 Scottish borders are the districts where they have 
 been principally bred. My father, when he lived at 
 Kielder, had some rare representatives of the breed, 
 and Mr. Hedley, Bewshaugh, and Mr. Sisterson, 
 Yarrow Moor, near Felstone, have also bred 
 excellent terriers of this strain. My father and 
 the late Mr. Dodd, of Catcleugh, preferred this 
 breed of terriers to all others for bolting foxes, their 
 keenness of nose and gameness making them very 
 suitable for this purpose. 
 
 " They vary in weight, from i5lb. to i81b. is the 
 best size, as when bigger they cannot follow their 
 fox underground so well, and a little terrier which is 
 thoroughly game is always best. Flint, a mustard 
 dog we had here nearly twenty years ago, was small, 
 but the best bolter of foxes I ever saw. He was 
 slow in entering to fox, but when he did begin was 
 so thoroughly game and keen of nose that he very 
 
398 Modern Dogs. 
 
 rarely failed to bolt his fox, in fact I have seen six 
 or seven terriers, considered good ones at their work, 
 tried at a hole without going to their game, but as 
 soon as Flint was put in he challenged his fox, 
 and without what is locally termed as ' manning ' 
 (encouragement by word of mouth). Flint was a 
 very wise dog, and if he passed a hole you might 
 feel quite certain there was not a fox there. I have 
 known him on several occasions to be in a hole 
 for three days at a time with a fox, and taken out 
 none the worse for the prolonged sojourn under- 
 ground. 
 
 " The favourite colour is red or mustard, although 
 there are plenty of the variety pepper coloured, and 
 others black and tan. Their coat or hair should be 
 hard and wiry and close, so as to enable them to 
 withstand cold and wet. They have generally been 
 bred for use and not for looks, but I have seen some 
 very bonny terriers of this same strain. They 
 should stand straight on their legs, with a short 
 back, and not made like a Dandie Dinmont, long- 
 backed and crooked ; their ears ought to drop like 
 those of a fox terrier, but this is not a sine qua non. 
 A strong jaw is a great point, but not nearly so long 
 in the nose as the usual strains of Dandies and 
 Scottish terriers. They may be either red or black 
 nosed ; in fact, the former colour is often preferred, 
 
Other Terriers. 399 
 
 as there is a belief that the red-nosed dogs are 
 keener scented than those with black noses. 
 
 " Some of the best of the breed I have known 
 were Nailer and Tanner, belonging to the late Mr. 
 Dodd, of Catcleugh ; Flint, Bess, Rap, Dick, and 
 Pep of Byrness ; Rock, a son of Flint's, belonging 
 to Mr. Hedley, Burnfoot ; Tanner, Mr. R. Oliver's 
 Spithopehaugh ; Bob, Mr. Elliott's, of Hindhope ; 
 and Ben, belonging to Mr. Robson, of Newton. 
 As I have said, a number of grand terriers of the 
 strain have been bred by the Sistersons, of Yarrow 
 Moor in North Tyne, and in Lidderdale by the 
 Scotts, Ballantynes, and others. I have also been 
 told that the terriers owned by Ned Dunn, of 
 Whitelee, Reedwater, were more of the type of these 
 Border terriers than of the Dandie Dinmont, and I 
 rather think that the Dandies of fifty or more years 
 ago resembled the Border terrier in many respects, 
 more so, at any rate, than they do now." 
 
 To further prove, if further proof were required, 
 that the Border terrier, although new in name, is 
 not a modern creation, it may be stated that there 
 is, in the Robson family, a picture of a once well- 
 known character in Tynedale, Yeddie Jackson, who 
 was known as the" hunter king " in North Tyne and 
 throughout Lidderdale and the adjoining country. 
 The painting, which was executed about 1820 or a 
 
400 Modern Dogs. 
 
 few years later, includes a foxhound and a terrier, 
 the latter just the same kind as the strain of which 
 I now write. As Mr. Jacob Robson says, the 
 colours are mostly red, wheaten, or what I should 
 call a yellow, in varying shades ; others are pepper 
 and salt, more or less light or dark, the latter almost 
 approaching black ; white is usually found on the 
 chest, a white foot or two occasionally, less 
 frequently they have a white streak up the face ; 
 black and tan is not often found, and entirely black 
 and white and tan markings, as on a modern fox 
 terrier, are never found in the pure strain, and it has 
 been kept entirely pure now for fifty years or more, 
 whatever might have been the case earlier. 
 
 Some of the terriers follow hounds regularly, and 
 are continually brought into use, not only amongst 
 the rocks and in rough ground of that kind, but in 
 equally or in more dangerous places wet drains or 
 moss holes, or l( waterfalls," as they are called in 
 Northumberland. A dog that goes in here may 
 have to swim underground and find his fox, which 
 is perhaps lying up in a side drain or earth quite 
 dry. There are numerous crossings and cuttings 
 in these peat moss drains, which are more or less, 
 as the case may be, natural or artificial. It is by 
 no means unusual for terriers to be lost therein, and 
 even when rescued to have afterwards died from the 
 
Other Terriers. 401 
 
 undue exertion, the lack of air, and the general 
 unhealthiness of being some hours underground in 
 a peat bog. And this though the Border terrier 
 has an excellent constitution. If he had not he 
 would never have survived amongst the hardy 
 northern sportsmen, who consider him the best of 
 all the terriers so far as work is concerned. He 
 can go where a Dandie Dinmont cannot follow him, 
 or a Scottish terrier either, and, quite as game 
 as the Bedlington, he is not nearly so quarrel- 
 some. 
 
 In the chapter on fox terriers allusion was made 
 to a strain once owned by the late Mr. Donville 
 Poole at Maybury Hall, Shropshire, and which 
 had more than a local notoriety for gameness. 
 It had been said of them that they had attacked 
 and worried a postman. However, these dogs were 
 not fox terriers as we know the variety now ; what 
 they were, and how game they were, the following 
 contribution from the late Mr. S. W. Smith so 
 great an authority on terriers in his day will tell. 
 The article first appeared in one of the weekly 
 papers devoted to dogs and poultry, but before his 
 death Mr. Smith kindly gave me permission to use 
 it as I like. He wrote : 
 
 " The Squire, as he was called, seldom left his 
 seat, but spent his money in the town. He kept, 
 
 D D 
 
402 Modern Dogs. 
 
 I should say, from fifty to one hundred terriers, 
 chiefly smooths, with short, dense, and hard coats. 
 I do not recollect one of his over i61b. or many 
 much under 14.10., but occasionally there were some 
 under the latter weight. All were dead game, or if 
 they did not prove themselves such they were not 
 alive long after having had their trial. I never saw 
 a terrier amongst his lot with black or black and tan 
 markings, and it was not until many years after that 
 the black and tan marked ones began to crop up ; 
 all the smooth-coated were all white with few excep- 
 tions, which were marked with a brickdust kind of 
 tan patch on back, setting on of stern, or head and 
 ears. The colour was similar to that which is now 
 called the Belvoir tan ; they were perfectly compact 
 and well-made little animals, always on the qui vive, 
 and full of fire and go ; the ears of some were carried 
 erect, like a fox's, but the others are small (all thin 
 in texture), nicely shaped, and as well carried as 
 they are now, or rather should be, i.e., dropping 
 from the spring of the ear close to the skull, the 
 corner or point coming near to the eye, and not set 
 on wide, standing out from the head. The head 
 was much smaller compared with the terriers of the 
 present day, more rounded in skull and shorter in 
 muzzle, the eye was more rounded and prominent, 
 with a flesh or red coloured cere round it, evidently 
 
Other Terriers. 403 
 
 showing not a very remote cross with the bull or bull 
 terrier. 
 
 " The wire-hairs were a little larger, as a rule, in 
 size, with coats of a fair length, always of a strong pig's 
 bristle, pin-wire kind of texture, while the colour of 
 all I ever saw was alike or nearly so, being white 
 with patches of a blackish-blue grizzly mixture like 
 Mr. Shirley's celebrated Tip and Mr. D. H. Owen's 
 Saracen. Not unfrequently red or plum-coloured 
 noses appeared amongst the smooth-haired, but to 
 the best of my recollection I never remember 
 seeing one amongst the wire-haired ones. Under- 
 shot ones were always discarded. 
 
 " The greater number of the Squire's dogs were 
 sent out to be reared on walks amongst the trades- 
 men he dealt with and farmers, cottagers, and his 
 keepers, &c. ; my father always keeping two for 
 him one a smooth, the other a wire-haired one. I 
 remember we had a brace for a length of time, one 
 named Tyke, the other Trimmer ; these were with 
 us, excepting when they were invited to the Hall 
 for a few days to perform before an audience of 
 visitors and neighbours, they being of a sporting 
 turn of mind, and never so happy as when among 
 the tykes at work. I seldom reared a bad one, 
 i.e., a coward that would not take his gruel freely, 
 because I used always to keep them well up in 
 
 D D 2 
 
404 Modern Dogs. 
 
 their training whenever an opportunity occurred, 
 and when I could get some game for sport, had an 
 occasional private rehearsal. 
 
 " Trials of the Marbury young tykes were held 
 periodically. On these occasions the youngsters out 
 at walk were collected together for the fray, and 
 woe be to the tykes when the day of trial came if 
 they did not come up to the Squire's standard I 
 It did not matter how smart or good-looking they 
 were, unless they answered the Squire's motto, which, 
 was, ' They must be stout as steel, good as gold, 
 and hot as fire/ and if they were not all this on 
 their day of trial, death was their doom very shortly. 
 When sufficient game was got together to give the 
 tykes a trial, a day was fixed, and on most of these 
 occasions no one except the squire and his keepers 
 were allowed to witness it, except a reverend divine 
 occasionally, and old Tom Rogers (there were two 
 Toms old Tom and young Tom), who was generally 
 there at the trials. Sometimes, however, the Squire 
 would invite a few friends, farmers who kept terriers 
 for him, to witness the sport, and at such times as 
 these there was always a grand field day. 
 
 " Old Tom Rogers was a master sweep, and such 
 in those days earned as much or more money than 
 most men in trade at that period. Sweeping chim- 
 neys with machines was not in vogue then, but 
 
Other Terriers. 405 
 
 small boys, who were dressed in calico knicker- 
 bockers down to their knees (no shoes or stockings 
 as a rule), and a calico blouse and cap that could 
 be drawn over the face like a culprit's, went up the 
 chimneys, the little imps, with hand-brush in hand, 
 climbing, brushing, and scraping as they went up, 
 until they came out at the top and shouted, ' Sweep, 
 all alive, oh ! ' Old Tom was very kind to these 
 boys, providing them with comfortable living and 
 sleeping apartments. He never did any work him- 
 self, young Tom superintending the business. Old 
 Tom, with his round, red (not black), ruddy face, 
 drove about, dressed in breeches and top-boots, 
 with a heavy chain and seals hanging from his 
 fob pocket, bright-coloured waistcoat, bottle-green 
 swallow-tailed coat with gilt buttons, tall beaver hat 
 made of rabbit skins ; high white shirt collar, with 
 neckhandkerchief twice round neck, and tied in two 
 bows in front. You will pardon this departure ; it 
 will help to let you see how the Squire got together 
 the great quantity of game he required from time 
 to time for his trials. Old Tom was the Squire's 
 factotum^ and foremost with him in all his favourite 
 sports. He did most of the business at gentlemen's 
 residences for miles round, so that this brought him 
 in contact with keepers, trappers of all kinds of 
 vermin, farmers, and others, from whom he got his 
 
406 Modern Dogs. 
 
 different kinds of game, viz., foxes, badgers, wild 
 and other cats, fitchets, stoats, weasels, &c., &c. ; 
 and at Marbury Hall there were places where these 
 animals were kept and well fed and attended to 
 until they were wanted. 
 
 " Early on the morning of the trials out comes 
 the Squire with his friends and retinue, and the sport 
 begins, the vermin being placed at the far end of 
 the receptacles prepared for them, such as troughs 
 made of wood, with curves, &c., in them, drainpipes 
 of different sizes, all laid underground, tubs, boxes, 
 and a heap of faggots, &c. When all was ready 
 the Squire would give the signal, and an old tried 
 veteran would be let go, a tribe of youngsters being 
 held round and about the entrance, to show the 
 youngsters ' how it should be done.' Up the old 
 tyke would go, and come back with his game most 
 likely, and you would not hear a sound. After this 
 the young ones were tried, either singly or some- 
 times a brace, the keepers encouraging them, 
 shouting, ( Run in, Bunser ! ' Buster, Varmint, 
 Tinker, Tancred, &c., &c. ; this, with the sharp 
 ring of the bark of the tykes waiting for their turn 
 to come, the yelping, &c., of those who had just 
 tasted blood and were getting punished, together 
 with the bottle and glass circulating freely, made 
 one's blood all a-fire. Some of the dogs came 
 
Other Terriers. 407 
 
 back again quickly with their tails between their 
 legs, others came or had to be got out hanging 
 like grim death to the varmint, both oftener than 
 not having had enough, not unfrequently one or 
 two dead as a door nail. Those that had come out 
 rudder down were never seen any more, whilst the 
 others could not be bought. Still, the Squire gave 
 many away to friends. 
 
 " The Squire used to drive in a four-wheel dog-cart 
 about the town of Whitchurch, sitting himself in 
 front with coachman behind, with from three to 
 eight or nine of his favourites running about ; and 
 woe be to any cat if they saw it, or a big dog ! 
 Immediately they got sight of one or the other, off 
 they dashed in full cry and chase, and if they caught 
 their object it would be hard lines with it before the 
 little varmints could be got off by the coachman and 
 other bystanders. The Squire all this time (having 
 pulled up) would be sitting as erect as a marble 
 statue, turning neither to the right or the left, but 
 anyone in near proximity to him would observe a 
 very broad smile on his face. I was once an eye- 
 witness to one of these ' bits of fun,' as I call it. 
 A miller's waggon was standing opposite a flour and 
 corndealer's shop, and with the waggoner was a large 
 foxhound. The squire came driving up the street, 
 with about a half-dozen of his varmints following, 
 
408 Modern Dogs. 
 
 when they caught sight of Mr. Foxhound, when full 
 cry and in at him they dashed ; he turned tail and 
 ran into the shop, jumping right into a bin nearly 
 full of flour, that would hold about two sacks, the 
 varmints jumping in after him, when such a dust and 
 scuffle ensued it is impossible to imagine. No smoke 
 was ever so dense, and when all was quiet (which 
 was not soon), and the dogs got out into the street, 
 such a lot of sorry-looking rascals I never saw. 
 These Marbury Hall terriers are now extinct." 
 
 There are, perhaps, some other strains of terriers 
 with reputations, whose names have not reached me, 
 and which might be considered worth notice here, 
 but, so far as I can make out, there are none besides 
 those already alluded to, producing progeny so far 
 true to type as to entitle them to a position as a 
 variety of their own. 
 
 I may have written and quoted too freely about 
 these working terriers whose names do not appear 
 in the Stud books; my excuse for so doing is the 
 admiration I bear for them and because I wish to 
 do my best towards perpetuating such strains as are 
 most useful for the duties terriers were originally 
 brought into the world to perform. 
 
 THE END. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Aberdeen terrier 246, 252 
 
 Adams, Tom 355 
 
 Adams, Mr. Webster 83 
 
 Adamson, Mr. J. A 251, 264 
 
 Adcock, Mr. E. H 37 
 
 " A History and Description, 
 with Reminiscences, of the 
 
 Fox Terrier " 91 
 
 Ainsley, Mr. Joseph 178 
 
 Ainsley's Crowner (Bedling- 
 
 ton) 180 
 
 Ainsley's Jin (Bedlington) ... 180 
 
 Ainsley's Meg (Bedlington)... 180 
 Ainsley's (Mr. Joseph) de- 
 scription of Bedlington 
 
 terrier 188 
 
 Ainsley's Piper (Bedling- 
 ton) 177, 180 
 
 Ainsley's Piper's pedigree ... 182 
 Ainsley's Ranter (Bedlington) 180 
 Ainsley's Young Phoebe (Bed- 
 lington) 1 80 
 
 Ainsty Belle (Dandie) 294 
 
 Ainsty,King (Dandie) 288 
 
 Airedale terrier, changing of 
 
 coat in 167 
 
 Airedale terriers, character of 160 
 
 Page. 
 AiredaleTerrier Club standard 
 
 of points 170 
 
 Airedale terrier, improvement 
 
 in the 164 
 
 Airedale terrier, Mr. Bairstow's 
 
 description of 166 
 
 Airedale terrier shows 163 
 
 Airedale terriers numerous in 
 
 the south of England 158 
 
 Airedale terrier, origin of the 
 
 157. 163 
 
 Airedale terrier, why so called 159 
 Airedales at the shows in 1893 169 
 
 Ajax (wire-haired) 151 
 
 Akerigg, Mr. W. H 35 
 
 Albert (Yorkshire) 345 
 
 Alexander, Mr. J. F 264 
 
 Allcock, Mr. W. E 187 
 
 Allison, Mr. W in 
 
 Anderson, Jock 280 
 
 Anderson, Mr. James 179 
 
 Angerton Moor House dog 
 
 (Bedlington) 180 
 
 "Angler in Wales," the 389 
 
 Antrim's (Earl of) Dandies ... 286 
 
 Archer, Mr. C. G 146 
 
 Argyle (Scottish) 264 
 
4 io 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Argyll's (Duke of) kennels of 
 
 terriers 306 
 
 Ashley Charlie (Scottish) 264 
 
 Ashton, Mr, Tom 83 
 
 Askem II. (Bedlington) 183 
 
 Astbury, Mr. F. J in 
 
 Astley, Mr. L. P. C 121, 124 
 
 Atkins, Mr. James 284 
 
 Avenger (wire-haired) 142 
 
 Badger (fox) 1 1 1 
 
 Badger in Hyde Park 308 
 
 Badgers and terrier 139 
 
 Badminton Library, the, and 
 
 fox terriers 130 
 
 Baguley, Mr. F 152 
 
 Bailey, Mr. E 43 
 
 Bailie, Mr. D 294 
 
 Baillie, Rev. H. G 279 
 
 Bairstow, Mr. E. 152 
 
 Bairstow, Mr. E., on the Aire- 
 dale 161 
 
 Ballantine, Mr 64 
 
 Bandy (Dandie) 281 
 
 Bange (English terrier) 64 
 
 Barlow, Mr. W 83 
 
 Barney (Irish terrier) 211 
 
 Barnett, Mr. C. J 220 
 
 Barnett, Mr. C. J., on the Irish 
 
 terrier 200 
 
 Barrow, Mr. James 76 
 
 Bartle, Mr. C 152 
 
 Barton, Mr. W. T 294 
 
 Barton Marvel (wire-haired).. 150 
 
 Bateson, Mr. F 40 
 
 Baty, Mr. J. A 188 
 
 Bayly, Mr. Harvey 105 
 
 Beacall, Mr. W 152 
 
 Page. 
 
 Beacon Tartress (fox) 1 24 
 
 Beaufort, Duke of 130 
 
 Beckford's terriers 13 
 
 Bedlington terrier as a com- 
 panion 185 
 
 Bedlington terrier as a water 
 
 dog 1 86 
 
 Bedlingtons at the shows, 183, 187 
 Bedlington terrier, character- 
 istics of 1 80 
 
 Bedlington Terrier Club, for- 
 mation of the 184 
 
 Bedlington terrier, colours of. . . 186 
 Bedlington terrier, description 
 
 of the 176 
 
 Bedlington terrier, description 
 
 of, by Mr. J. Ainsley 188 
 
 Bedlington terrier, the Field 
 
 on the 175, 178 
 
 Bedlington terrier, introduc- 
 tion to England 175 
 
 Bedlington terrier, numerical 
 
 points for 190 
 
 Bedlington terrier, origin of 
 
 the 173, 178 
 
 Bedlington terrier, ' ' plucking " 1 85 
 
 Bedlington terriers, price of ... 188 
 
 Bedlington terrier show in 1870 184 
 
 Belcher, Jem 24 
 
 Bell (Dr. Lees) on the English 
 
 white terrier 62 
 
 Bella Coota (Dandie) 294 
 
 Belle of the Ball (wire-haired) 152 
 
 Bellerby Queen (bull) 40 
 
 Bellona (fox) .. 1 1 1 
 
 Benedict (Irish) 205, 217 
 
 Bennett (Mr. W. C.) on the 
 
 Irish terrier 213 
 
Index. 
 
 411 
 
 Page. 
 Benson's (Mr. John) terriers 373 
 
 Berners, Dame Juliana 135 
 
 " Bess " and the weasels 379 
 
 "Bewcastle" terriers 378 
 
 Biddulph Treasure (fox) 123 
 
 Biddy III 205 
 
 Bill Sykes's bull terrier 26 
 
 Bingley's description of the 
 
 fox terrier 94 
 
 Bingley's " Memoir of British 
 
 Quadrupeds" 14 
 
 " Bingley " terrier, the 159 
 
 Birmingham Dog Show (1864) 30 
 Birmingham Dog Show (1893) 36 
 Birmingham National Exhibi- 
 tion in 1862 105 
 
 Birthright (Irish) 220 
 
 Bitters (Scottish) 252 
 
 Black and tan terrier, a purely- 
 fancy dog 71 
 
 Black and tan tefriers at the 
 
 shows 74 
 
 Black and Tan Terrier Club 71 
 Black and tan terrier clubs.,. 84 
 Black and tan terrier, cropping 70 
 Black and tan terrier, descrip- 
 tion and points of 69, 85 
 
 Black and tan terrier, diffi- 
 culties in judging 85 
 
 Black and tan terriers, "faking" 76 
 Black and tan terriers fifty 
 
 years ago 73 
 
 Black and tan terriers in 
 
 America 88 
 
 Black and tan terriers, notable 
 
 kennels of 82 
 
 Black and tan terriers, Mr. 
 Henry Lacy on 79 
 
 Page. 
 Black and tan terriers, some 
 
 good kennels 83 
 
 Black and tan terriers, prizes 
 
 for uncropped 71 
 
 Black and tan terriers, stealing 84 
 Black and tan toys at the shows 355 
 Black and tan toy terrier, 
 
 delicacy of 356 
 
 Black markings on the feet of 
 
 dogs 78 
 
 Black Sheep (Irish) 220 
 
 Blackwood House Dandies ... 283 
 
 Elaine, Mr. Delabere 98 
 
 Elaine's ' ' Rural Sports ' ' 2 
 
 Blair, Mr. G 39 
 
 Blome on the terrier 6 
 
 Blomfield, Mr. H 264 
 
 Blue Paul, the 89 
 
 " Blue" toy terrier 89, 357 
 
 Bogie Rattler (Irish) 205 
 
 ' ' Book of the Dog, " Shaw's ... 6 1 
 
 Booth, Mr. G 1 1 1 
 
 Border hunting expeditions in 
 
 the olden time 275 
 
 Border " muggers " and their 
 
 dogs 279 
 
 Border Prince (Dandie) 294 
 
 "Border terriers" 21, 395 
 
 Border terrier, colours of... 398, 400 
 Border terrier, Mr. Jacob 
 
 Robson on the 397 
 
 Border terriers seventy years 
 
 ago 399 
 
 Border terriers, some of the best 399 
 
 Boston terrier, the 5 2 
 
 Boston Wonder (bull) 40 
 
 Bouch, Mr. E. R 169 
 
 Bouch, Mr. F 239 
 
412 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Boulton, Mr. A 310 
 
 Bow Alley dog (Bedlington) 180 
 
 Bowman, Mr. J 310 
 
 Boyce, Mr. C. L 36 
 
 Bramble (wire-haired) 148 
 
 Brenda (Scottish) 263 
 
 Brickbat (Irish) .' 206 
 
 Briggs (wire-haired) 149 
 
 Brindled bull terriers 37 
 
 "British Rural Sports" ... 16,98 
 
 Brittle (wire-haired) 148 
 
 Brown, Dr 276 
 
 "Brown's Field Book" 15, 248 
 
 Brough, Mr. J 294 
 
 Bruce (Airedale) 164 
 
 Bruce, Mr. R 320 
 
 Bryan, Mr. H. M 160, 169 
 
 Brynhir Joe (Welsh) 239 
 
 Buccleuch (Scottish) 264 
 
 Buchanan, Mr. D. G 83 
 
 Buckland's (Mr. Frank) bad- 
 gers 308 
 
 Buckley, Mr. E. W 239 
 
 Buckley, Mr. H 320 
 
 Bull terrier, the 23 
 
 Bull terriers, classification of, 36 
 Bull Terrier Club description 
 
 of dog 46 
 
 Bull terrier, cropping ears of 44 
 
 Bull terrier, feats by a 28 
 
 Bull terrier, good points of... 50, 51 
 Bull terrier, good specimens 
 
 under i61b 41 
 
 Bull terriers killing rats 25 
 
 Bull terrier, origin of present 
 
 strain of 29 
 
 Bull terrier, owners of good 
 specimens of 40 
 
 Pasre. 
 
 Bull terrier playing cricket ... 27 
 Bull terrier, popularity of the, 
 
 at the Universities 26 
 
 Bull terrier, price of, twenty- 
 five years ago 36 
 
 Bull terrier, small variety 41 
 
 Bull terriers, toy 358 
 
 Bull terrier, whitened for 
 
 showing 46 
 
 Burbidge, Mr. F 114 
 
 Burbidge's (Mr.) terriers, 
 sale of, at the Agricultural 
 
 Hall 121 
 
 Burgess, Mr. C 152 
 
 Burgundy (Skye) 320 
 
 Bushey Broom (wire-haired) 150 
 
 Cairn Dhu (Scottish) 264 
 
 Cairn terrier 246 
 
 Caius (Dr.) on the terrier ...3, 301 
 
 Camelford, Lord 24 
 
 Campbell, Mr. Morton 264 
 
 Carey, Mr 196 
 
 Carling, ' ' Bob " 82 
 
 Carlisle Tack (wire-haired) ... 149 
 Carlisle Young Venture (wire- 
 haired) 145 
 
 Carr, Mr. J. H 169 
 
 Carrick, Mr. W.,i43, Z 47> H9> 285 
 Cauldwell Nailer (wire-haired) 152 
 
 Cavendish (wire-haired) 150 
 
 Cecil, the late Mr. Rotherham 
 
 151, 239 
 
 Cellar, Mr. D 264 
 
 Champion Bachelor (Irish) ... 205 
 Champion Broom (wire-haired) 141 
 Champion Brush (Airedale)... 164 
 Champion Result (fox) 114 
 
Index. 
 
 4'3 
 
 Page. 
 
 Chance (fox) 1 1 1 
 
 Chapman, Mr. R 264 
 
 Charlie (Dandle) 277 
 
 Child defended by a Bedling- 
 
 ton terrier 177 
 
 Cholmondeley Bondsman 
 
 (Airedale) 165 
 
 Cholmondeley Briar (Aire- 
 dale) 165 
 
 Chorley, Mr. Cleasby 33 
 
 Clark's (Mr. George) Skye 
 
 terriers 304 
 
 Clarke, Messrs 114 
 
 dear's (Mr. A. E.) kennel of 
 
 wire-haired terriers 150, 152 
 
 Clift, Mr. Harry 207 
 
 Cloudy (Dandie) 294 
 
 Cloudy (Skye) 306 
 
 Clowes, Lieut. -Col 106 
 
 Clydesdale or Paisley terrier, 
 
 description of 333 
 
 Clydesdale terrier a pet dog... 329 
 Clydesdale terriers at the shows 328 
 
 Clydesdale Terrier Club 328 
 
 Clydesdale terriers, Mr. Thom- 
 son Gray on 330 
 
 Clydesdale terrier, origin of 
 
 the 327 
 
 Coates, Mr. Edward 179 
 
 Coates'sPeachem (Bedlington) 180 
 " Coates's Phcebe " (Bedling- 
 ton) 179 
 
 Cockerton's Crab 369 
 
 Codman, Mr 83 
 
 Colmore, Mr 148 
 
 Colne Crack (Airedale) 165 
 
 Colonel (black and tan) 76 
 
 Como 1 1. (brindled bull terrier) 37 
 
 Page. 
 
 " Compleate Sportsman," the 7 
 
 Compton Swell (fox) 124 
 
 Conqueror (Yorkshire) ...348, 351 
 
 Contour (Welsh) 239 
 
 Cook, Mr. Charles 271 
 
 Corner, Mr. J. W 149 
 
 Cornforth, Mr. J 188 
 
 Corrie Dhu (Scottish) 264 
 
 Cotton, Mr. W. J., on the 
 
 Irish terrier 197, 216 
 
 Coulthard, Mr 282 
 
 Coupland, Mr. W. F. A. B.... 294 
 
 Cowen, Mr. William 179 
 
 Cowley's (Mr. J. H. B.) 
 
 terriers 22, 383 
 
 Cowney, Mr. Luke 175 
 
 Cox, Mr. Harding 152 
 
 Cox's " The Gentleman's 
 
 Recreation " 5 
 
 County Wicklow terriers 215 
 
 Crack (fox) 118 
 
 "Creeping" terrier, the 365 
 
 Cribbage (wire-haired) 152 
 
 Cricket, bull terrier playing... 27 
 Crompton Electric Company's 
 
 assistant 131 
 
 Crooked legs abnormal 258 
 
 Crooked-legged dogs of the 
 
 I7th century 5 
 
 Cropper, Mr 92 
 
 ' ' Cropping ' ' not popular 72 
 
 Cruft's Show at Islington in 
 
 1894 194 
 
 Crystal Palace Show in 1891, 
 
 Airedales at 165 
 
 Crystal Palace Shows ; 160, 165, 184 
 Cumbrian, the, and his dog ... 274 
 Cummings, Mr. W 320 
 
414 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Cunningham, Mr. D 320 
 
 Curzon Hall Show in 1872 143 
 
 Cymro Dewr II. (Welsh) 239 
 
 4 ' Cynographia Britannica "... 9 
 
 Daisy (Irish) 215 
 
 Dale, Mr. J. B 123 
 
 Dalziel, Mr. Hugh 90, 302 
 
 Damarell, Mr. A 141, 151 
 
 Dame Juliana Berners 135 
 
 Dandie (Dandie) 294 
 
 Dandie (Skye) 310 
 
 Dandy (black and tan) 74 
 
 Dandie Dinmont as a com- 
 panion 290 
 
 Dandie Dinmonts at the dog 
 
 shows 281 
 
 Dandie Dinmonts at Carlisle 
 
 Show in 1877 285 
 
 Dandie Dinmont clubs 295 
 
 Dandie Dinmont, description 
 
 and points 295 
 
 Dandie Dinmont, the 15, 20 
 
 Dandie Dinmonts' crooked legs 273 
 Dandie Dinmonts in "Guy 
 
 Mannering " 269 
 
 Dandie Dinmonts, leading ex- 
 hibitors of 285 
 
 Dandie Dinmonts, leading 
 
 kennels of 284 
 
 Dandie Dinmont, Mr. James 
 
 Scott on the 278 
 
 Dandie Dinmonts, Mr. James 
 
 Davidson's 278 
 
 Dandie Dinmont, origin of 
 
 name 269 
 
 Dandie Dinmonts, the best of 
 modern times 294 
 
 Page. 
 
 Dandie Dinmont, theories as to 272 
 Dandie Dinmont, trimming the 288 
 
 Dandies and badgers 283, 287 
 
 Daniel, the Rev. William, on 
 
 the fox terrier 95 
 
 Daniel's " Rural Sports," 8, 
 
 14, 72, 93, 96 
 
 Davenport, Mr. W. B : 239 
 
 Davidson, Mr. J., on the origin 
 
 of the Dandie 279 
 
 Davidson of Hyndlee, Mr. 
 
 James (Dandie Dinmont)... 270 
 Daylesford Brush (wire- 
 haired) 152 
 
 Deakin, Mr. E. N 169 
 
 Dean, Lieut. -Col 83 
 
 Deputy (fox) 123 
 
 Despoiler (fox terrier) sold for 
 
 300 18, 114 
 
 Devonshire wire-haired terriers 146 
 
 Dew, Mr. E. T 59, 237 
 
 De Wilde's painting of "The 
 
 Fox Terrier" 94 
 
 Dick, Mr. Shirley's bull terrier 42 
 
 " Die hard " terrier 246 
 
 Digby Grand (fox) 114 
 
 Dim Saesonaeg (Welsh) 239 
 
 Dirk Hatterick (Dandie) 282 
 
 " Distinguished Burrow Mem- 
 bers ' ' (engraving) 376 
 
 Dixon, Mr. Christopher 179 
 
 Dixon, Mr. Sydenham in 
 
 Dobbie, Mr. J. M 64 
 
 Dobbie, Rev. D., on the Skye 
 
 terrier 313 
 
 Dobson, Tommy, bobbin- 
 turner and fox-hunter 373 
 
 Doctor (Dandie) 294 
 
Index. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Dodds, Mr. M 148 
 
 Dog buying in the street 360 
 
 Dogs fighting with lions 23 
 
 " Dogs of Scotland," 89, 248, 
 
 252, 261, 276, 304, 330 
 "Dogs of the British Isles," 
 
 16, 32, 75, 160, 183, 303 
 " Dog Owner's Annual," the 161 
 
 Dolly (Welsh) 239 
 
 Donkin, Mr. Edward 178 
 
 Dorchester, Mr. W 294 
 
 D'Orsay (fox) 114 
 
 Doyle, Mr. J. A 121 
 
 Drinking bout on the Border 
 
 for a dog 280 
 
 Droleen (Irish) 206 
 
 " Druid," the 284 
 
 Duchesse III. (English white) 64 
 
 Dudley Stroller (fox) 1 24 
 
 Duggan, Mr. W 58 
 
 Dundee (Scottish) 257 
 
 Dundyvan (Scottish) 264 
 
 Dunn's (Ned) terriers 399 
 
 Dunvegan (Skye) 310 
 
 Dutch (bull), pedigree of 38 
 
 Dyer, Mr. F 123 
 
 Ebor Turmoil (wire-haired)... 152 
 
 Eden, Mr. Peter 341 
 
 Edenside (Dandie) 294 
 
 Edinburgh Dog Show (1871) 36 
 
 Edwardes, Captain O. T 388 
 
 Edwards, Mr 237 
 
 Edwards, Sydenham, on the 
 
 terrier 9 
 
 Ellis, Mr.T 83 
 
 Elmer's (S.) drawing of the 
 
 fox terrier 93 
 
 Page. 
 Elterwater terriers 368, 370, 
 
 371, 372 
 " Encyclopaedia of Rural 
 
 Sports " 98 
 
 England, Mr. Russell 310 
 
 " English Dogs " 3 
 
 English white terrier 53 
 
 English white terriers at Liver- 
 pool in 1894 54 
 
 English white terriers at the 
 
 shows 55 
 
 English white terrier, breeding 56 
 English White Terrier Club... 54 
 English White Terrier Club's 
 
 description 66 
 
 English white terrier, descrip- 
 tion of 59 
 
 English white terrier, Dr. Lees 
 
 Bell on the 62 
 
 English white terrier, origin of 54 
 English white terrier, points 
 
 for judging 67 
 
 English white terrier, some 
 
 good specimens 59 
 
 English white terrier, trimming 
 
 for shows 61 
 
 English white terrier, what he 
 
 should be 65 
 
 Engraving of terrier from a 
 
 fourteenth century MS 2 
 
 Erin (Irish) 195, 203 
 
 Eskdale Tzar (wire-haired) ... 149 
 Exhibition Palace Dog Show 
 
 at Dublin in 1874 218 
 
 Extreme Carelessness (Irish) 206 
 
 Faa, Geordy 280 
 
 Fan (fox) in 
 
416 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Fan (wire-haired) 148 
 
 Fashionable names of bull 
 
 terriers 32 
 
 Faultless (bull) 40 
 
 Field, Mr. F. H 149 
 
 Field correspondence about 
 
 the Skye 302 
 
 Field correspondent on the 
 
 Elterwater terrier 370 
 
 "Field Sports" (Daniel's) ... 8 
 
 Fielding, Mr. S 39 
 
 Filbert (wire-haired), adven- 
 tures of 150 
 
 Fish's Crib (Bedlington) 180 
 
 Fitter, Mr. G 74 
 
 Fitzwilliam, the Hon. T. W. no 
 
 Flanaghan, Mr. P 215 
 
 Fletcher, Mr. James in 
 
 Flint (Border terrier) 397 
 
 Fly (English white): 57, 59 
 
 Foiler (fox) in 
 
 Fox-hunting with terriers 305 
 
 Fox terrier, the 91 
 
 Fox terriers a hundred years ago 98 
 
 Fox terriers, a lot of good in 
 
 Fox terrier, amateur judges of 
 
 the 92, 103 
 
 Fox terriers at the shows 105 
 
 Fox terriers at the hunting 
 
 kennels 112 
 
 Fox Terrier Club's description 
 
 and points 1 25 
 
 Fox terriers, champion entries 
 
 atthe Crystal Palace in 1870 113 
 
 Fox Terrier Chronicle 91 
 
 Fox Terrier Chronicle on the 
 
 formation of a fox terrier 
 
 kennel . .116 
 
 Page, 
 Fox terrier, disqualifying 
 
 points 128 
 
 Fox terrier, early history of ... 92 
 
 Fox terrier, high price for a ... 115 
 Fox terrier laying electric 
 
 wires 131 
 
 Fox terrier, Mr. R. B. Lee's 
 
 book on the 91 
 
 Fox terrier's ears 101 
 
 Fox terriers little used with 
 
 foxhounds 1 30 
 
 Fox terriers, Mr. S. J. 
 
 Stephens' kennel of 1 16 
 
 Fox terrier, modern uses for... 130 
 Fox terrier owners and 
 
 breeders who have good 
 
 dogs 124 
 
 Fox terrier, popularity of the, 
 
 102, 106 
 
 Fox terriers, registering 119 
 
 Fox terriers, some bygone 
 
 notabilities 122 
 
 Fox terrier, the modern 120 
 
 Fox terrier, varying fashions in 1 14 
 
 Forest, Mr. A. J 152 
 
 Foster, Mrs 348, 355 
 
 Foote, Dr 88 
 
 Freeman, Mrs. H 320 
 
 Frodsham Yeoman (Airedale) 165 
 
 Fussy (fox) in 
 
 Fylde Sheriff (fox) 1 24 
 
 Fyfe, Mr. D. W t ... 311 
 
 Gadfly (fox) 1 1 1 
 
 Gallaher, Mr 355 
 
 Galway's (Mr. Chas.) Irish 
 
 terriers 199 
 
 Gamon, Mr in 
 
Index. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Garryford (Irish) 204 
 
 Garryowen (Irish) 204 
 
 Gem (English white) 59 
 
 " Gentleman's Recreation, 
 
 The" 5 
 
 George, Mr. A 40, 82 
 
 Gerald (Irish) 204 
 
 Gibson, Mr. T. F 40 
 
 Gibson, Mr. (Brokenhurst) ... 92 
 
 Gibson, Mr. J. W 40, 113 
 
 Gilbert, Mr. P 141 
 
 Gillie (Skye) 310 
 
 Gipsies and their dogs 275 
 
 Gipsy's warning, the 276 
 
 Glasgow terriers 329 
 
 Glengogo (Scottish) 252 
 
 Glory (Irish) 204, 220 
 
 Glynn, Mr. W. S 239 
 
 Godfree, Mr. J. F 36 
 
 Graham, Mr. Donald 145 
 
 Graham, Mr. W 196,204 
 
 Grand Prior (bull) 39 
 
 Grant's (Dr.) Dandies 284 
 
 Gray, Mr. Thomson... 89, 253, 254 
 Gray, Mr. Thomson, on "the 
 
 Scottish terrier 261 
 
 Gray, Mr. Thomson, on the 
 
 Skye 364 
 
 Gray, Mr. Thomson, on the 
 
 Clydesdale 33 
 
 Greenhill Surprise (bull) 40 
 
 Greenhill Wonder (bull) 40 
 
 Gretton, Mr. M 310 
 
 Gripper (Irish) 204 
 
 Grove Nettle (fox) no 
 
 Grove Nettle at the Kennel 
 
 Club no 
 
 Grove Tartar (fox) no 
 
 [VOL. III.] E 
 
 Page. 
 
 Handley, Mr. S 36, 76, 282 
 
 Handley, Rev. W no 
 
 Hanover Daisy (bull) 40 
 
 Harling, Mr. C 8; 
 
 Harrowing, Mr. J. H 239 
 
 Harry (Dandie) 282 
 
 Harry Bertram (Dandie) 284 
 
 Hartley, Mr. R. J 37, 240 
 
 Hassell, Mr. W 239 
 
 Hastie, Mr. A 187 
 
 Heather Peggie (Dandie) 294 
 
 H eather Prince (Scottish) 264 
 
 Heather Sandy (Dandie) 294 
 
 Hellewell, Mr. G ill 
 
 Herbert, Mr. W. J. M 239 
 
 Hertfordshire terriers 375 
 
 " Highland Sports " (1846) ... 248 
 
 Highland terrier 246 
 
 H inks, Mr. James 29, 75 
 
 " History of the Fox Terrier " 131 
 
 Hodgson, Mr. W 82 
 
 Hogg, Messrs 83 
 
 Hogg, Mr. Lindsay 148 
 
 Holcroft, Mr. A 186 
 
 Holland, Mr. S. T 174, 184 
 
 Holmes, Mr 145 
 
 Home, Mr 279 
 
 Hornet (fox) in 
 
 How, Major 120 
 
 Howarth, Mr. J 83 
 
 Howe, Mr. J 179 
 
 Hewitt's etchings of the fox 
 
 terrier 94 
 
 Hoy's Rocky (Bedlington) ... 180 
 
 Huddersfield Ben (Yorkshire) 351 
 
 Hughes, Mrs. W. J 320 
 
 Hunton Baron (fox) 121 
 
 Hunton Bridegroom 121 
 
 E 
 
418 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Hunton Honeymoon 121, 123 
 
 Hyde Park, badger hunting in 308 
 
 " Idstone " 73 
 
 Imaal, co. Wicklow, Irish 
 
 terriers at 199 
 
 Irish terrier asacompanion 207, 210 
 Irish terrier as a water dog ... 212 
 Irish terrier, descriptive par- 
 ticulars of the 226 
 
 Irish terrier, disqualifying 
 
 points of 225 
 
 I rish terrier classes at the shows 2 1 8 
 
 Irish Terrier Club 221 
 
 Irish terriers, cropping 203 
 
 Irish terrier, foundation of the 
 
 present generation 202 
 
 I rish terrier hunting 208 
 
 Irish terrier in North of Ireland 217 
 Irish terrier, Mr. C. J. Barnett 
 
 on 200 
 
 Irish terrier, Mr. W. C. Bennett 
 
 on 213 
 
 Irish terrier, Mr. W. J. Cotton 
 
 on the 197 
 
 Irish terrier, origin of 197 
 
 Irish terrier, points of the 222 
 
 Irish terrier retrieving 211 
 
 Irish terrier, the early sort ... 213 
 
 Irish terrier, value of 195 
 
 Irish terriers at the shows 196 
 
 Irish terriers, best specimens 
 
 not shown 201 
 
 Irish terriers, some good ones 
 
 220, 221 
 
 " Iseland " dogges 301 
 
 Ivanhoe (Scottish) 264 
 
 Izod, Mr. J 152 
 
 Page. 
 
 Jack (fox) 106 
 
 Jack Frost (wire-haired) 150 
 
 Jacko (bull) 25 
 
 Jack St. Leger (wire-haired) 
 
 15. J 5 2 
 
 Jackson, Mr. (Wednesbury) 75 
 Jack Terry's Wasp (wire- 
 haired) 141 
 
 Jacobs on the terrier 7 
 
 " James I. Hawking " 12 
 
 James I. 's dogs n 
 
 Jameson, Mr. G 196 
 
 James, Mr. H. E 188 
 
 Jemmy Shaw's Jacko 25 
 
 Jep (English white) 57 
 
 Jerry II. (Airedale) 165 
 
 Jessie (Bedlington) 184 
 
 Jester (wire-haired) 147, 148 
 
 Jigger (wire-haired) 152 
 
 Jock (Dandie) 294 
 
 Jock (fox) 106 
 
 Joe (English white) 59 
 
 Jones, Mr. Harry 150 
 
 Jones, Mr. J.E 237 
 
 Jones of Ynysfor, Mr 237 
 
 Jordison, Mr., 121 
 
 Justice, Mr. W 76 
 
 Kate Cole (fox) 119, 1 23 
 
 Keene, Capt 253 
 
 Keg, Mr.J.C 169 
 
 Kennel Club's classification of 
 
 Welsh terriers 232 
 
 Kennel Club Show in 1893 ... 61 
 Kennel Club Stud Book, 16, 
 
 3i, 53. 54, 76, 108, 144, 159, 
 
 196, 287, 310, 327, 361 
 
 Kildee (Scottish) 263 
 
Index. 
 
 419 
 
 Page. 
 
 Killiney Boy (Irish) 200, 216 
 
 Kilt (Dandie) 294 
 
 King, Mr. John 329 
 
 Krehl, Mr. A 196 
 
 Krehl, Mr. G. R 196 
 
 Lacy, Mr. Henry, on black 
 
 and tans 79*87, 184 
 
 Laddie (Skye) 310 
 
 Laddy (English white) 57 
 
 Lady Ceredwen (Welsh) 239 
 
 Lady Cymraeg (Welsh) 239 
 
 Lady Helen Blackwood (black 
 
 and tan toy) 355 
 
 Ladyof the Lake(English white) 64 
 
 Laing, Mr. S 82 
 
 Laird Duncan (Skye) 320 
 
 Landseer's portrait of Sir 
 
 Walter Scott and Dandie... 273 
 
 Lassie (Bedlington) 184 
 
 Lathom, Mr. B 83 
 
 Laycock's Dairy Yard (1866), 
 
 bull terriers at 42 
 
 Lea, Messrs. C. and P. ... 39, 40 
 Leatham's (Mr.) kennel of 
 
 Dandies 286 
 
 Leeds Elect (English white)... 64 
 
 Le Rose (bull) 40 
 
 Liffey (wire-haired) 150 
 
 Lill Foiler (wire-haired) 147 
 
 Lindoe, Capt 294 
 
 Lions, dogs fighting with 23 
 
 Little Beauty (English white) 64 
 
 Little Dombey (Skye) 320 
 
 Little Pepper II 294 
 
 Littler, Mr 75 
 
 Liverpool Show in 1889 145 
 
 Locke, Mr. J 294 
 
 E 
 
 Page. 
 Lord Edward (wire-haired)... 150 
 
 Lord Gully (bull) 40 
 
 Lord Lennox (Skye) 320 
 
 " Luath-choin " 305 
 
 Ludlow and Blomfield, Messrs. 251 
 
 Ludlow, Mr. H. J 259, 263 
 
 Lynx (wire-haired) 151 
 
 Lyons Sting (fox) 1 23 
 
 Mac II. (fox) in, 118 
 
 MacBrayne, Mr. A 264 
 
 M'Coll, Mr. J. D 264 
 
 Macdona, Mr. J. C 282, 310 
 
 Macdonald, Mr. W 75 
 
 Macclesfield's (Earl of), terriers 375 
 
 M'Leod, Mr. W 264 
 
 Mackie, Capt 251 
 
 Madeira (Skye) 320 
 
 Madman (bull) 30, 57 
 
 Madman (2739) (bull) 31 
 
 Magnet (bull) 38, 39 
 
 Malcolm, Col., on the Pol- 
 
 talloch terrier 254 
 
 Mailing, Mr. C. T 188 
 
 Manchester, black and tan 
 
 terriers near 83 
 
 Manchester, black and tans at 75 
 Manchester (Free Trade Hall) 
 
 Show in 1873 58 
 
 " Manchester" terriers ... 75, 79 
 
 Manuelle, Mr. G. S 83 
 
 Marbury Hall and its terriers 
 
 401, 406 
 Markham, Gervase, on the 
 
 terrier 4 
 
 Marshall, Mr. G. H 40 
 
 Marshall's painting of a bull 
 
 terrier 24 
 
 E 2, 
 
420 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Martin, Mr. Henry 329 
 
 Martin, Mr. J 59 
 
 Mason, Mr. C. H 164 
 
 Mather, Mr. J. A 294 
 
 Maud II. (Dandie) 294 
 
 Mawdwy Nonsuch (Welsh) ... 238 
 Maxwell, Mr. A. ... 147, 148, 238 
 
 Mayhew, Mr. R. F 149 
 
 May Queen (Dandie) 294 
 
 Medwyn, Captain 389 
 
 Mellor, Rev. W. J 82, 281 
 
 "Memoirs of British Quad- 
 rupeds" 94 
 
 Merry, Mr. W no 
 
 Meynell, Squire 24 
 
 Milne, Mr. Nicol 284 
 
 Miner (Bedlington) 184 
 
 Miss Miggs (wire-haired) ... 149 
 
 Mona Fach (Welsh) 239 
 
 Monk, Squire Jenny's 375 
 
 Monteith's (Earl of) terriers... n 
 
 Morgan, Jack 107 
 
 Morning Star (English white) 64 
 
 Morris, Mr. M. T 239 
 
 Morrison, Mr. J. B 251 
 
 Mosse, Rev. Tenison 282 
 
 Murchison, Mr. J. H., and his 
 terriers ... 82, 92, 113, 115, 294 
 
 Musters, Mr. H. C in 
 
 Mutter, Mr. A 152 
 
 Myrtle (fox) in 
 
 Nailor (Bedlington) 186 
 
 Nan (Welsh) 239 
 
 Nectar (fox) 1 1 1 
 
 Nettle (English white) 57 
 
 Newbold Fritz (Airedale) 164 
 
 Newbold Rust (Airedale) 165 
 
 Page. 
 
 Newbold Test (Airedale) 165 
 
 New Forest Ethel (fox) 123 
 
 Newman, Mr. G. H 64 
 
 Nightingale, Mr. Harry 43 
 
 Nisbet, Mr. J 143, 284 
 
 Nobility (English white) 64 
 
 Nolan, Rev. T .... 320 
 
 Norah Tatters (Irish) 220 
 
 Norris's (Old Will) terrier 364 
 
 North, Mr. F 39 
 
 North Country sportsman, a 377 
 Northumberland, Earl of, and 
 
 " Piper Allan " 277 
 
 Norwood Rover (Airedale) ... 165 
 
 Nottingham, terriers in 137 
 
 Old English Terrier Club 361 
 
 Old-fashioned bull terriers 
 
 26, 27, 37 
 
 O'Grady, Rev. T 108 
 
 Old Jock (fox) 106 
 
 Old Mart (Elterwater) 371 
 
 Old Tartar (fox) 106, 107 
 
 Old Tip (wire-haired) 144 
 
 Old Trap (fox) 106, 108 
 
 Olive (fox) in 
 
 Oswell, Mr. Jesse 40 
 
 Otter and terrier 138 
 
 Owen, Mr 237 
 
 Oxford Beauty (black and tan 
 
 to y) 355 
 
 Paddy II. (Irish) 204 
 
 Pagan II. (Irish) 204 
 
 Paintings of dogs 24 
 
 Paisley or Clydesdale terrier, 
 
 327, 329 
 Paisley terrier, character of ... 332 
 
Index. 
 
 421 
 
 Page. 
 
 Paisley Terrier Club 328 
 
 Paisley or Clydesdale terrier, 
 Clydesdale Club's descrip- 
 tion of 335 
 
 Paisley terrier, comparative 
 
 value of 334 
 
 Parker, Miss 239 
 
 Patch (smooth-coated) 147 
 
 Pattison, Mr. D 311 
 
 Peachem (Bedlington) 179 
 
 Peachem (Dandie)...277, 284, 294 
 
 Pearce, Rev. T 73 
 
 Pearson, Bill 58 
 
 Peggy (Irish) 204 
 
 Pepper (fox) 106 
 
 Pepper and the sweetmart ... 369 
 
 Perseverance (bull) 40 
 
 Philabeg (Dandie) 294 
 
 Phoebe (Bedlington) 179 
 
 Pickering Nailer (wire-haired) 150 
 
 Pickett, Mr. Thomas 32, 184 
 
 Pictures, old, of dogs n 
 
 Pincher (wire-haired) 148 
 
 Pink (English white) 59 
 
 Pilgrim's May (fox) in 
 
 Pilkington, Mr. Leonard 34 
 
 Pirn, Mr. J. N. R 195 
 
 Pincher (Elterwater) 371, 376 
 
 " Piper Allan's " dogs 276 
 
 Playboy (Irish) 196, 204 
 
 Poltalloch terrier 252, 254 
 
 Poole's (Mr. Donville) terriers 401 
 
 Poppy (Irish) 196,204, 207 
 
 Powderham Jack (wire-haired) 
 
 and the badgers 138 
 
 Powell, Mr. E., jun 121 
 
 Pratt, Mr. J. R. and his Skye 
 
 terriers 40, 253, 306 
 
 Page. 
 
 Pretty Lass (Irish) 204 
 
 Prince Charlie (Newfound- 
 land) 186 
 
 Prince defended by Sam (bull) 27 
 
 Proctor, Mr 147 
 
 Proctor (Bedlington) 184 
 
 Prompter (wire-haired) 152 
 
 Pulborough Jumbo (wire- 
 haired) 150 
 
 Punch (Dandie) 282 
 
 Purity (English white) 59 
 
 Puss (bull) fighting 30 
 
 Purvis, Mr. Hugh 284 
 
 Quantock Nettle (wire-haired) 150 
 
 Queen II. (black and tan) 82 
 
 Queen Lud (Airedale) 165 
 
 Queen of Scots (Scottish) 264 
 
 Quiz (fox) in 
 
 Rab (Dandie) 294 
 
 Raby Reckon (fox) 124 
 
 Ragman (wire-haired fox) ... 134 
 Rags (Irish) a performer on 
 
 the stage 212 
 
 Raii's description of the terrier 9 
 
 Rambler (Scottish) 252 
 
 Randall, Mr. C 64 
 
 Raper, Mr. G 114, 121, 124 
 
 Rat-killing, extraordinary feats 
 
 of 25 
 
 Rattler (fox) in 
 
 Rawes, Mr. W. G 33 
 
 Rawlinson, Mr. S 148 
 
 Rebel (bull) 35 
 
 Redmond, Mr. F 114, 121 
 
 Reinagle'spictureof terriers 14, 96 
 Revival (Scottish) 204 
 
422 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Reynard, Mr. J. N 264 
 
 Ribchester, Mr. R 76 
 
 Richardson, Mr. G. F 148 
 
 Richardson, Mr. J. B 285 
 
 Riddell, Mr. Andrew 179 
 
 Rinside Moor House dog 
 
 (Bedlington) 180 
 
 Riot (fox) 1 1 8 
 
 Rising Star (English white) ... 64 
 
 Risk (fox) in 
 
 Roberts, Mr. C. W 237, 239 
 
 Roberts, Mr. F 187 
 
 "Robin Hood" (Mr. C. M. 
 
 Browne) 136, 137 
 
 Robinson of Elterwater, Mr. 370 
 Robson, Mr. Jacob, on the 
 
 Border terrier 397, 400 
 
 Rogers, Old Tom, the sweep 404 
 
 Roocroft, Mr. James 61 
 
 Rook (Skye) 310 
 
 Ross, Mr. D 188 
 
 Rover III. (Airedale) 1 64 
 
 Roy of Aldivalloch (Skye) ... 320 
 
 " Rural Sports " 2,14, 72 
 
 Russell, Rev. John 136, 141, 146, 364 
 
 Rustic Flora (Airedale) 165 
 
 Rustic Kitty (Airedale) 164 
 
 Rustic Lad (Airedale) 164 
 
 Rustic Marvel (wire-haired... 152 
 
 Rustic Triumph (Airedale) ... 165 
 
 Rustic Twig (Airedale) 164 
 
 Rydale Pattern (wire-haired) 152 
 
 Ryder, Mr. J.H 33, 36 
 
 "Safer within than without" 
 (engraving) 376 
 
 St. John, Mr. Charles, on the 
 Scottish terrier 249 
 
 Page. 
 
 Sam (old-fashioned bull ter- 
 rier) 27 
 
 Sam punishing a tyrant 27 
 
 Sandell, Mr. E 350 
 
 Sanderson, Mr. Gordon... 143, 144 
 
 Sanderson, Mr. Thomas 178 
 
 Sarsfield, Mr in 
 
 Satire (fox) in 
 
 Savage, Lieut. -Col 239 
 
 " Saxons bolting a Fox " 3 
 
 Schrieber, Mr. W. H. B 138 
 
 Scotch terrier 245 
 
 Scots terrier 245 
 
 Scott, Mr. James, on the 
 
 Dandie 278 
 
 Scott, Mr. P 294 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter 269 
 
 Scott's (Messrs. Robert and 
 
 Paul) Dandies 284 
 
 Scottish terrier 20 
 
 Scottish terriers at the shows.. 251 
 "Scottish Fancier" on the 
 
 Dandie 289 
 
 Scottish terrier, character and 
 
 disposition 263 
 
 Scottish terrier, Charles St. 
 
 John on 249 
 
 Scottish Terrier Clubs ...251, 264 
 
 Scottish terrier, colour of 262 
 
 Scottish terrier's crooked legs.. 258 
 Scottish terrier, description of, 
 
 by the Scottish Club 264 
 
 Scottish terrier formerly called 
 
 the Skye 245, 248 
 
 Scottish terrier, Mr. Thomson 
 
 Crayon the 261 
 
 Scottish terrier, peculiarities 
 
 of the young 255 
 
Index. 
 
 423 
 
 Page. 
 
 Scottish terrier, the " Sports- 
 man" (1833) on the 246 
 
 Scottish terrier tracking 
 
 wounded deer 250 
 
 Scottish terrier, weights ot ... 257 
 Scottish terrier, white variety of 253 
 
 Scottish terrier years ago 246 
 
 Sealy Ham terriers 21, 386 
 
 Semolina (English white) 64 
 
 Sentence (fox) 1 23 
 
 Shamrock (Dandie), 282, 285, 294 
 Sharpe's (Mr. Sharpe) terriers 382 
 Shaw's " Book of the Dog"... 61 
 
 Shaw's (Jemmy) Jacko 25 
 
 Shem (Dandie) 282 
 
 Shepherd's Lille (fox) in 
 
 Sherbourne King (bull) 40 
 
 Shirley, Mr. S. E., 36,' 39, 59, 145 
 Shirley's (Mr. S. E.) small bull 
 
 terriers 42 
 
 Silver Blaze (English white)... 64 
 
 Silver Prince (Skye) 320 
 
 Sir Douglas (Dandie) 282, 291, 293 
 
 Sir Launcelot (Welsh) 239 
 
 Skye terrier as a companion... 324 
 Skye terrier, can it be useful 
 
 and ornamental 321 
 
 Skye terrier clubs 312 
 
 Skye terrier, ears of 311 
 
 Skye terrier and badger in 
 
 Hyde Park 308 
 
 Skye terrier in Scotland 316 
 
 Skye terrier, judging 317 
 
 Skye terrier, origin of 303 
 
 Skye terrier, Rev. D. Dobbie 
 
 on the 313, 319 
 
 Skye terrier, Scottish Club's 
 
 description and points 322 
 
 Page. 
 Skye terrier, uncertainty about 
 
 301, 302 
 
 Slater, Mr. T. F 294 
 
 Smith, Mr. Bradshaw 282 
 
 Smith, jun., Mr. G 33 
 
 Smith, Mr. S. W. ... 92, 108, 115 
 Smith, Mr. S. W., on Mr. 
 
 Donville Poole's terriers ... 401 
 
 Smith, Mr. W 64 
 
 Smooth-haired English terrier 15 
 
 Somner, Mr. F 284 
 
 Southwell, Mr. E. M 123 
 
 Sow attacked by a Bedlington 177 
 
 Spider (English white) 59 
 
 Splinter (wire-haired) 148 
 
 Sporran (Dandie) 294 
 
 "Sporting Dictionary," the, 
 
 on the terrier 13, 93 
 
 ' ' Sporting Magazine " 24, 365 
 
 " Sports and Pastimes " 2 
 
 " Sportsman," the 15 
 
 "Sportsman," the (1833), on 
 
 the Scottish terrier 246 
 
 "Sportsman's Cabinet, "14, 96, 97 
 
 "Sportsman's Repository "... 99 
 
 Spot (fox) in 
 
 Spring (rough-coated) rabbit- 
 ing terrier 380, 381 
 
 Stardens King 1 20 
 
 Stardens Sting 1 20 
 
 Stephens, Mr. G. H 264 
 
 Stephens, Mr. S. J 116, 123 
 
 Stewart, Mr. H 152 
 
 Sting (fox) 1 10 
 
 "Stonehenge" ... 16, 19,98, 
 
 1 60, 183, 303 
 
 Stordy, Mr 294 
 
 Stracathro Vision (Scottish)... 264 
 
424 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page. 
 Streatham Monarch (bull) ... 39 
 
 Strip (fox) 132 
 
 Strutt's" Sports and Pastimes" 2 
 
 Sunbeam (Skye) 320 
 
 Sunfield Frost (wire-haired)... 152 
 Surrey Janet (wire-haired) ... 152 
 
 Swinburne, Mr. T 82 
 
 Sykes, Mr 124 
 
 Tack (wire-haired) 147 
 
 Tackley Boy (Skye) 320 
 
 Tanner (Airedale) 164 
 
 Tansy (Welsh) 237 
 
 Taplin's" Sporting Dictionary" 99 
 
 Tar (Skye) 311 
 
 Tarquin (bull) 37 
 
 Tatham, Mr. W 169 
 
 Taylor, Mr. James 71, 79, 83 
 
 Teazle (wire-haired) 148, 150 
 
 Ted (Yorkshire) 348, 351 
 
 Teddy, Mr. Carrick's 372 
 
 Teddy (English white) 57 
 
 Terrier, the, as a companion... 22 
 Terrier in a fourteenth cen- 
 tury MS 2 
 
 Terrier, original employment 
 
 of the i 
 
 Terrier, origin of name I 
 
 Terrier, shapes and sizes of ... 18 
 
 Terrier, a stone mason's 366 
 
 Terrier, cleverness of a com- 
 mon 367 
 
 Terriers and otters 388 
 
 Terriers, fancy, not fitted for 
 
 work 362 
 
 Terriers for work 362 
 
 Terriers hunting the fox in 
 Scotland 365 
 
 Page. 
 
 Terriers in Cumberland and 
 
 Westmoreland 369 
 
 Terriers in the dog shows 
 
 thirty years ago 17 
 
 Terriers in the North of Eng- 
 land 365 
 
 Terriers kept by artisans 365 
 
 Terriers on the border a 
 
 hundred years ago 274 
 
 The Limb (Irish) 219 
 
 The Macintosh (Scottish) 264 
 
 Thomas, Mr. W. V. H 124 
 
 Thompson, Mr. E 264 
 
 "Thumb Marks," on black 
 
 and tan terriers 77 
 
 Thurnall, Mr 152 
 
 Tim (English white) 57 
 
 Tinker (working) 375 
 
 Tinne, Mr. J. C 114, 123 
 
 Tip (fox) 108 
 
 Tip (wire-haired) 145 
 
 Tiree II. (Scottish) 264 
 
 Toiler (wire-haired) 148 
 
 Tomlinson, Mr. W. J 82 
 
 Topper (wire-hair) 148, 150 
 
 Topsy (Welsh) 237 
 
 Tory, a working terrier 365 
 
 Tottie, Mrs. M 320 
 
 Toy bull terriers 358 
 
 Toy terrier, black and tan 356 
 
 Toy terrier, "blue" 357 
 
 Toy terrier, decadence in 
 
 popularity 359 
 
 Toy terriers, English white 357 
 
 Trap(fox) 106 
 
 Trick (wire-haired) 147 
 
 Trimmer (fox) 105, 1 1 1 
 
 Trimmer, Mr. Poole's 403 
 
Index. 
 
 425 
 
 Page. 
 
 Trinket (fox) in 
 
 Tucker, Mr. J 83 
 
 Tumbler, the 9 
 
 "Turf, Field, and Farm " ... 284 
 
 Turk (wire-haired) 148 
 
 Turk (wire-haired) and the otter 137 
 Turner, Mr. Luke... 108, in, 114 
 
 Turner, Mr. P 188 
 
 Tweedmouth (Dandie) 294 
 
 Twyford, Mr 123 
 
 Tyke (fox) in 
 
 Tyke, Mr. Poole's 403 
 
 Tyne (Bedlington) 184 
 
 Tyneside (Bedlington) 184 
 
 Tyrant (fox) in 
 
 Tyro (wire-haired) 149 
 
 Valuer (wire-haired) 152 
 
 Vanity (fox) 1 1 1 
 
 Velocity (wire-haired) 152 
 
 Vengo (fox) 115, 123 
 
 Venio (fox) 115, 123 
 
 Venom (Airedale) 164 
 
 Venom (fox) 1 1 1 
 
 Venture (fox) in 
 
 Venture (wire-haired) 143 
 
 Vertagris, the 9 
 
 Vesuvienne (fox) 115 
 
 Vice-Regal (fox) 115, 119, 123 
 
 Victor (bull) 33 
 
 Victor, patched (bull) 34 
 
 Victoria II. (Skye) 320 
 
 Victress (Airedale) 165 
 
 Violet (bull) 38 
 
 Vixen (Dandie) 294 
 
 Vixen and Viper and the 
 
 otter (anecdote) 389-394 
 
 Vora (wire-haired) 149 
 
 Page. 
 
 Waddington, Mr. F 149 
 
 Wade, Mr. J 75 
 
 Walker, Mr. J 57, 58 
 
 Wallace (bull) 32 
 
 Walsh("Stonehenge"),Dr.32, 98 
 
 Walsh, Mr. J. E 64 
 
 Ward's (James) painting of a 
 
 dog 24 
 
 Warlock (Dandie) 294 
 
 Wasp (Elterwater) 371 
 
 Wasp (wire-haired) 144 
 
 " Waterside " terrier, the 159 
 
 Weatherburn's Phcebe (Bed- 
 lington) 180 
 
 Weasel tale, a 379 
 
 Wetherall, Capt 263 
 
 Welburn, Mr. E 151 
 
 Welsh Dick (Welsh) 237 
 
 Welsher (Welsh) 238 
 
 Welsh terrier as a companion 241 
 Welsh Terrier Club 233, 238, 242 
 Welsh Terrier Club's descrip- 
 tion of dog 242 
 
 Welsh terrier described 235 
 
 Welsh terrier in the Stud Book 242 
 Welsh terrier in the Welsh 
 
 Hunts 238 
 
 Welsh terrier, numerical points 
 
 for 244 
 
 Welsh terrier, the origin of the 231 
 
 Welsh terriers (anecdote) 389 
 
 Welsh terriers as otter hunters 240 
 Welsh terriers at the Welsh 
 
 shows 238 
 
 Welsh terriers, diverse opinions 
 
 as to 236 
 
 Welsh terriers in the North of 
 
 England 235, 238 
 
426 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Welsh terriers, pedigrees of 241 
 
 Wharton, Mr. C. W 150, 151 
 
 Whillock, Mr. J 43 
 
 Whinstone (Scottish) 264 
 
 Whitaker, Mr. T. P 124 
 
 White Heather (Scottish) 253 
 
 White toy terrier 357 
 
 White Wonder (bull) 50 
 
 White, Mr. F 57, 75 
 
 White Queen (bull) 39 
 
 White's terriers 56 
 
 Whittaker, Mr. C. J 169 
 
 W T hitton, Mr in 
 
 Wiener, Mr. E. A 206 
 
 Williams, Capt. Percy 107 
 
 Williams, Mr. Griffith 237 
 
 Williams, Mr. J. G 237 
 
 Williams, Mr. J. Rumsey 237 
 
 Wire-haired terriers, old 
 
 breeders 151 
 
 Wire-haired Fox Terrier Club's 
 
 description and points 153 
 
 Wire-haired fox terrier, de- 
 scription of 133 
 
 Wire-haired fox terrier, dis- 
 qualifying points 154 
 
 Wire-haired terrier, ill effect 
 
 of cross-breeding on 152 
 
 Wire-haired terriers, old en- 
 gravings of 136 
 
 Wire-haired terrier not so 
 
 popular as the smooth 142 
 
 Wire-haired terriers, origin of 
 
 the modern strain 146 
 
 Wire-haired terriers retro- 
 grading 151 
 
 Page. 
 
 Wire-haired terriers, " trim- 
 ming " the 153 
 
 Wolverley Roc (Skye) 320 
 
 Wootton, Mr. Thomas 92, 106, 
 
 113, 137, 144 
 
 Wombwell's lions, dogs fight- 
 ing with 23 
 
 Working terriers 362 
 
 Worry (Elterwater) 368 
 
 X. L. (fox) in 
 
 Yellow Jack (working) 374 
 
 Yorkshire, North, terriers 375 
 
 Yorkshire terrier a modern dog 339 
 Yorkshire terriers at the shows 341 
 Yorkshire terrier called the 
 
 Scotch terrier 340 
 
 Yorkshire terrier, care neces- 
 sary for showing 342 
 
 Yorkshire Terrier Club's de- 
 scription 351 
 
 Yorkshire terrier, food for 346 
 
 Yorkshire terriers judging at 
 
 the shows 346 
 
 Yorkshire terrier puppies, 
 
 change of colour in 343 
 
 Yorkshire terriers, the best 
 
 kennels 349 
 
 Yorkshire terriers, treatment 
 
 of coat 344 
 
 Yorkshire terriers, value of ... 341 
 
 Young Duke (Skye) 320 
 
 Young, Mr. T 320 
 
 Young Puss (bull) 33 
 
 Young Tanner (Airedale) 164 
 
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 fc 
 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 THE ORIGINAL MAKERS OF KENNELS, 
 POULTRY HOUSES, AND APPLIANCES. 
 
 BOULTON & PAUL, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS, NORWICH. 
 
 OUR ORIGINAL REGISTERED 
 BOG KENNEL. 
 
 Reduced Cash Prices, Carriage 
 Paid, including Registered Sliding 
 Bench : 
 
 For Terriers \ 3 o 
 
 For Collies, Spaniels, or 
 
 Retrievers i ig o 
 
 For St. Bernards or 
 
 Mastiffs 2 17 6 
 
 Troughs, 33. extra. 
 
 These Kennels are well made, and 
 highly finished. All parts are acces- 
 sible for cleaning and disinfecting. 
 The sliding bench is an important 
 addition, and adds greatly to the 
 comfort of the dog. 
 
 No. 63. DEL. FERRET 
 KENNEL WITH RUNS. 
 
 No Foot Eot. 
 
 BED 
 
 ALWAYS 
 DRY, 
 
 CAST-IRON DOG 
 TROUGHS. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Galvanised. 
 lOin. dia.,2/- 
 12in. dia.,3/- 
 
 TRAVELLING BOX 
 FOR DOGS. New Article 
 
 [Registered Copyright. Painlei. 
 
 4ft. long, 3ft. wide, 2ft. high, 18in> long '" each 4s ' 
 1.158.; larger size, 2. 5s. 24in. long ... each 5s. 
 
 Eegistered Copyright; 
 No. 1 size, '24in. long, 20in. wide, 
 
 22in. high, 14s. 6d. 
 No. 2 size. 36in. long. 20in. wide, 
 
 27in. high, 25s. 
 
 No. 3. size, 42in. long. 30in. wide, 
 33in. high, 35s. 
 
 No. 87. WROUGHT-IRON KENNEL RAILING. 
 
 REDUCED CASH PRICES. 
 With T yn. bars, spaced 2in. apart 
 4ft, high 5ft. 6ft. 
 Per yard.. 4s. Cd. 5s. Od. 5s. 6d. 
 
 With fin. bars, spaced 2in. apart 
 
 4ft. 5ft. 6ft. 
 
 Per yard. 5s. Od. 6s. 6d. 7s. 6d 
 
 With iin. bars, spaced 1%\\\. apart. 
 4ft. 5ft. 6ft, 
 
 Per yard. 6s. Od. 7s. 6d. 9s. Od. 
 
 Single gate, 2ft. wide, 4ft. high,18/6 
 
 Registered Copyright. ' 5ft " 20 / 6 ' 6ft " 22 / 6 ' 
 
 SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF KENNEL & POULTRY APPLIANCES. 
 *s IP-ATJL, 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 SCOTT ADIE, 
 
 LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S TAILOR, 
 
 Wfyt ffiupl Scotrfj Wareijous*, 
 
 115 & 115A, REGENT ST., LONDON, W. 
 
 This novel and useful garment 
 is a unique departure from the 
 old-fashioned rug, comprising, as 
 its name indicates, a combined 
 rug and coat ; it may be used as 
 either. It will be found useful 
 for Fishing, Deer Stalking, or 
 Driving; it is light and inex- 
 pensive. After it has been in use 
 as a rug on a railway journey, 
 and one has to face a five or six 
 miles drive in an open carriage 
 at night, nothing could then be 
 more comforting than the " RUG- 
 ANCOAT," used as a coat. Every 
 sportsman and tourist should use 
 one, as they are a perfect protec- 
 tion against wind and weather. 
 
 SCOTT ADDIE, 
 
 SOLE MANUFACTURER. 
 
 Highland Shooting Suits. 
 
 Highland Dress Suits. 
 Highland Jewellery. 
 
 Inverness Capes, 
 Stalking Capes, 
 
 Travelling Ulsters. 
 
 BUGS, MAUDS, SHAWLS, AND WEAPS OF EVEEY DESCRIPTION. 
 
 HAERIS AND SHETLAND HOMESPUNS. 
 
 HAND-KNIT STOCKINGS AND SOCKS. TAETAN SILK AND 
 
 EIBBONS. 
 
 i&ngal S?cotd) 
 
 REGENT STREET AND VIGO STREET, LONDON, W. 
 
 TELEGRAMS: "SCOTT ADIE, LONDON." 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 CHAMBERLIK'S 
 
 PHEASANTS' FOOD, 
 
 AROMATIC SPANISH MEAL, 
 
 CAYCAR EXCELSIOR, 
 DOUBLE-SUPER MEAT GREAVES, 
 Obtained the only Award for Game Food, 
 PARIS INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1878. 
 
 Bronze Medal, Mannheim, 1880; 
 
 Silver Medal, Cleves, 1881 ; Silver Medal, Antwerp, 1885 ; 
 Honourable Mention, Paris Exhibition, 1889. 
 
 Supplies constantly forwarded to Her Majesty's Royal Parks, 
 H.R.H. the Prince of Wales at Sandringham, and to all the 
 Noblemen and Landed Proprietors in the United Kingdom, 
 France, Germany, Holland, Belgium, Sweden, &c. 
 
 Write for the New Book of Prices, with Treatise on Pheasant 
 Rearing, Free by Post. 
 
 IEC .A. !_ ~T 3D 
 
 A VOLATILE POWDER. 
 
 The only cure for Grapes in Pheasants and Poultry. 
 Price 2s, 6d. per tin, Post Free. 
 
 JAPS GHAJffiEllLHl & S1VIITH, 
 
 Game, Poultry, and Dog Food Warehouse, 
 POST OFFICE STREET, NORWICH. 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 CHARLES FRAZER'S EXORS., 
 
 PALACE PLAIN WORKS, NORWICH. 
 
 No. 83. 
 
 BED PORTABLE DOG KENNEL 
 
 ALWAYS 
 DRY. 
 
 Strongly made of seasoned 
 Red-wood and well finished. 
 
 EEDUCED CASH PEICES. 
 Carriage Paid on 40s. value. 
 s. d. 
 
 For Small Dogs 086 
 
 For Terriers 18 6 
 
 For Collies, Spaniels, 
 
 &c 1 15 
 
 For Mastiffs, &c 2 10 
 
 Outside Platforms for Dog to 
 lay upon, 4s.,. 5s., & 7s. 6d., extra. 
 Food Trough, 3s. 
 
 No. 136. 
 
 PORTABLE DOGKENNEL 
 AND RUN, 
 
 EEDUCED CASH PEICES- 
 CAEEIAGE PAID. 
 
 s. 
 For Terriers (with $ft. 
 
 Run and Bench) ... 2 7 
 For Collies fwith ^ft. 
 
 Run and Bench) ... 3 17 
 For Mastiffs (with gft. 
 
 Run, all iron, and 
 
 Bench) 517 
 
 Wood Floor for Runs, 8s. 6d., 
 10s., and 15s., extra. 
 
 THE 
 
 BEST 
 
 YET 
 
 INVENTED. 
 
 No. 137. 
 
 HEW TRAVELLING BOX FOR DOGS. 
 
 Specially constructed with a view to the Dog's 
 comfort whilst travelling. Improved system of 
 drainage and ventilation. 
 
 CASH PEICES Carriage Paid on 40s. value. 
 
 LENGTH. WIDTH. HEIGHT. /. d. 
 
 27in. by 2oin. by 24in 15 
 
 36in. by 24in. by 27in 150 
 
 48in. by 3oin. by 36in 1 15 
 
 For long journeys a Drawer is provided, as per 
 
 illustration, for Food and Water, at 2s. 6d.,3s. 9d., 
 
 and 5s., extra. 
 
 Large Illustrated Catalogue of Conservatories, Greenhouses, Poultry 
 Houses, Dog Kennels, Portable Buildings, Entrance Gates, and all Garden 
 Requisites, Post Free for Six Stamps. 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 WILLIAM FORD, 
 
 SPORTING GUN AND RIFLE MAKER, 
 
 PRACTICAL GUN-FITTER AND GUN-BARREL BORER. 
 
 BORER OF FIVE WINNING GUNS IN THE LONDON GUN TRIALS, 1875. 
 
 AWARDED GOLD MEDALS AND GOLD CROSS FOR SUPERIORITY 
 IN BORING GUNS AND GIVING HIGHEST PENETRATION ON RECORD IN 1879. 
 
 MAKER OF GUNS FOR SOME OF THE 
 
 PRINCIPAL AND MOST SUCCESSFUL PIGEON SHOTS IN ENGLAND, 
 AMERICA, AND AUSTRALIA. 
 
 SPECIALITIES : 
 FORD'S PIGEON GUN, FOR TRAP OR GAME SHOOTING. 
 
 (Hammer or Hammerless.) 
 
 FORD'S PATENT EJECTOR GUN. 
 FORD'S "ECLIPSE" DOUBLE GUN, 28-BORE. 
 
 Weight from 4lb. to 5lb. as required. Adapted for use by elderly gentlemen, 
 ladies, and youths requiring a light and effective gun. 
 
 FORD'S BALL AND SHOT GUN, 
 
 With invisible rifling, for use abroad ; a most effective weapon for Big Game. 
 See letter in Field, with Illustrations, January 2oth, 1894. 
 
 FORD'S PATENT ADJUSTABLE TRY GUN, 
 
 FOR ASCERTAINING AND SECURING A PERFECT FIT. 
 
 FORD'S PRIVATE SHOOTING GROUNDS. 
 
 Replete with every requisite for testing guns, defective aiming, and pecu- 
 liarities in shooting, and also for TEACHING AND PRACTISING THE ART OF 
 SHOOTING at inanimate birds or live pigeons, under the personal instruction of 
 WILLIAM FORD. 
 
 Notices, a day or two previously, of intended visits to the grounds are necessary 
 to avoid disappointment. 
 
 Guns converted, rebored, regulated, adjusted, and fitted to 
 every requirement and peculiarity in shooting, and upon the 
 most improved principles. 
 
 GUN REPAIRS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION EXECUTED. 
 EVERY VARIETY OF GUN CASES, IMPLEMENTS, &c., TO ORDER. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED PRICE LISTS, ESTIMATES, AND QUOTATIONS, FREE 
 BY POST UPON APPLICATION. 
 
 ECLIPSE WOKKS, LOYEDAY STEEET, BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Telegraphic Address : " ECLIPSE," Birmingham. 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 THE LIVE STOCK AGENCY 
 
 Established 1887. 
 
 ITALIAN GREYHOUNDS. 
 PRINCE CHARMING, PRINCESS ZETA, AND THE LADY GRACE. 
 
 The property of Mrs. F. E. Anstice. 
 
 EVERY SPECIES OF ANIMAL OR BIRD, 
 
 AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF 
 
 "PET, .ALSO SIFOIRTIIIIN-G!- 3DOOS, 
 
 CATTLE, PONIES, HORSES, 
 
 AND 
 
 LIVE STOCK PROCURED AND SHIPPED ABROAD, 
 
 Stock Sales Attended. 
 
 Address the Manager, 
 
 WESTMINSTER CHAMBERS, 3, VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, S,W. 
 
 BANKERS THE LONDON JOINT STOCK. 
 
 [VOL. III.] [ 2 ] 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 test 
 
 for 
 
 atv 
 Cau 
 
 comfort 
 
 mate* 
 
 coat- 
 
 Practical 
 manner. 
 
 Vide the "Field," January 10, 1885. 
 
 " SHOOTING CLOTHES. In reply to l Tartan.' when having shooting clothes made, let me 
 advise him to try THOMAS AND SONS' Knickerbocker Breeches, as advertised in the Field. 
 They form the most comfortable garment for the legs ever invented. Whilst giving the 
 same freedom at the knee that ordinary knickerbockers do, they give firm protection and 
 warmth below it, Everyone who wears them knows what a nuisance knickerbockers are 
 if one has occasion to ride when having them on. Now, THOMAS'S way of making them 
 renders them equally comfortable for riding or walking." OMNIBUS. 
 
 HUNTING, RACING, AND POLO BREECHES, PERFECT IN 
 STYLE AND FIT. 
 
 Separate Dej>artment for Ladies' Riding Habits, &c., &c. 
 
 THOMAS & SONS, 
 
 SPORTING TAILORS AND BREECHES MAKERS, 
 
 32, BROOK STREET, W. (corner of SOUTH MOLTON STREET) 
 
 AND AT 60. CASTLE STREET, LIVERPOOL. 
 
 Telegraphic Address : "SPORTINGLY, LONDON." 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 rthv/aite's 
 
 THE ONLY BISCUITS WHICH ALL DOGS LIKE AND EAT READILY. 
 
 MR. J. G. HARVEY, Huntsman to Her Majesty, writes : " I must say for hounds I would 
 not be without them." 
 
 IHIOTJIfcTID ZMHELA.XJ. 
 
 CONTAINING 3O PER" CENT. H OF FISH, 
 
 For use in Kennel where Meal is preferred to a Biscuit. 
 
 PRICE 17s. PER CWT., HALF CWT. 9s. 
 
 W. R. TEMPLE, ESQ., WRITING DECEMBER IST, 1891, says: 
 " I sent six dogs to the late Palace Show, and took one First, three Second, and two 
 Third Prizes. All the dogs were fed entirely upon your Fish Hound Meal." 
 
 MEAT FIBRE DOG CAKES. 
 
 WITH VEGETABLES AND BONE MEAL. 
 
 These Biscuits guaranteed free from greaves, and containing a large percentage of Pure 
 American Meat, are the most nutritious and easily digested Meat Biscuits made; they are 
 used with great success in many Kennels alternately with our Garthwaite's Fish Biscuits. 
 Each Cake is stamped " Imperial Meat Fibre," with a Crown in centre. 
 
 PRICE 17s. PER CWT., HALF CWT. 9s. 
 
 Above prices include Carriage. Special quotations for quantities. 
 Pamphlet, with particulars and testimonials, post free. 
 
 THE FISH BISCUIT CO. LTD., GRIMSBY. 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 WESTLEY RICHARDS & CO 
 
 PATENT EJECTOR GAME AND PIGEON GUNS. 
 
 THE 
 SHOOTING 
 
 OF OUR 
 
 GUNS AND 
 
 RIFLES 
 
 HAS 
 
 NEVER 
 
 BEEN SUR- 
 
 PASSED. 
 
 THE Westley RICHARDS Patent Ejector GUNS and RIFLES 
 obtained the Grand Prix, the highest award of the Paris Exhibition, 1889. 
 
 ROOK & RABBIT RIFLES, -25O, '295, or '3OO and 
 36O bores, in all patterns. 
 
 178, NEW BOND STREET, LONDON; 
 12, CORPORATION STREET, BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Established 1812. 
 28 Page Catalogue Sent Free on Application. 
 
 BARNARD, BISHOP, AND BARMRDS, LTD. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 EVERY REQUISITE FOR DOGS, POULTRY, PIQEONS, AND 
 RABBITS, ON JTHE JIOST APPROVED PRINCIPLES. 
 
 IMPROVED KENNEL, with Lifting Front and Sliding Day Bench, finished in the best 
 style. For Terriers, 27s. 6d. ; for Retrievers, &c., 45s. 6d. ; for Mastiffs, &c., 69s. 6d. ; 
 Carriage Paid. ______ 
 
 NORFOLK IRON "WORKS, 
 
 AND 9$, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 WORMS IN DOGS. 
 
 " OTONEHENGE," in his celebrated work on the Dog, 
 ^ says : " Worms are a fertile source of disease in 
 the dog, destroying every year more puppies than dis- 
 temper itself." 
 
 While the " FIELD" says, concerning distemper: " All 
 treatment, to be successful, must 'be prefaced by the 
 expulsion of worms." 
 
 NALDIRE'S 
 
 WORM POWDERS for DOGS 
 
 Safely remove these pests within one hour, at the same 
 time giving tone to the stomach, and producing first rate 
 condition in dogs. 
 
 WORMS 
 
 IN A 
 FOX TERRIER. 
 
 " The Cottage, Sandhills, Walsall, March 3rd, 1887. 
 " Please send me one of Naldire's Worm Powders. I con- 
 sider them splendid. I had a fox terrier nearly dead last Sunday, 
 and got one of your powders from a friend, and in fifteen 
 minutes after the dog had it he passed a tapeworm almost 60 
 
 feet in length. 
 
 FRANK J. BRAWN." 
 
 NALDIRE'S WORM POWDERS ARE SOLD BY ALL CHEMISTS, 
 
 In Packets, II-, 21- , 3/6, and 51- each, with Full Directions for Use. 
 
 FLEAS IN DOGS. 
 
 NALDIRE'SH^DOG SOAP, 
 
 FREE PROM CARBOLIC ACID AND ALL OTHER POISONS. 
 
 Naldire's Soap is harmless to dogs, but fatal to fleas." FRANK BUCKLAND. 
 
 SOLD BY ALL CHEMISTS, PERFUMERS, AND STORES. 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 NEWCASTLE CHILLED SHOT. 
 
 SEE KECOKDS OP THE LONDON GUN TRIALS 1875, 1877, 1878, 1879. 
 
 The "Field 1 ' of Oct. 28, 189O, says: 
 " We are in the habit of using the shot of the New- 
 castle Chilled Shot Company for experimental purposes, 
 and do not know any other that equals it in regularity ; 
 so that some inconveniences which are often complained 
 of may be avoided by using this company's shot." 
 
 vnnA.uL/ onu Tlie Field of Nov 21) 1891) says: 
 
 " The use of Newcastle Chilled Shot will not injure 
 g un barrels. We have used it for years, with many 
 thousands of cartridges." 
 
 Beware f Imitations. 
 
 SOLE ADDRESS-GA TESHEAD. 
 
 Telegrams: "CHILLED, GATESHEAD." 
 
 DINNEFORD'S 
 
 HOUND! I GLOVE. 
 
 Unrivalled for producing a healthy, sleek, and glossy 
 surface on the coats of Greyhounds, Foxhounds, Harriers, 
 wire-haired, and smooth-coated Dogs. 
 
 Price $s., Free by Post. 
 
 DINNEFORD & CO., Manufacturers, 
 180, NEW BOND STKEET, LONDON, W. 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 DOG PILLS. 
 
 HIND'S ALTERATIVE PILLS 
 
 FOR PREVENTING DISTEMPER 
 
 AND GETTING DOGS INTO SHOW CONDITION ARE 
 UNRIVALLED. 
 
 W. W. THOMPSON, Esq., writes: " I consider your Pills for getting dogs into condition 
 most excellent. I have given them a good trial." 
 
 R. HOOD-WRIGHT, Esq., writes : " I have never had a single case of distemper amongst 
 my Deerhounds since I used them." 
 
 In addition to the above, the following, amongst a long list of well-known gentlemen, 
 have signified their entire approval of them : H. Ralph, Esq.,T. Easton, Esq., G. Cartmel, 
 Esq., R. B. Lee, Esq. 
 
 SOLD IN BOXES, is. id., as. 6d., and $s., Post Free. 
 
 WORM POWDERS, A SAFE AND CHEAP VERMIFUGE FOR DOGS, Sold in 
 Packets, free by Post, Is. Id., by 
 
 HIND, CHEMIST, KENDAL. 
 
 TRY MY PASTE FOR DESTROYING FLEAS, TICKS, &c. In Tins, gd., is. jd., 
 and 2s. 3d., post free. 
 
 WORKS PUBLISHED BY HORACE COX, 
 
 Gipsy Tents, and How to Use 
 Them. 
 
 A Handbook for Amateur Gipsies. By G. R. LOWNDES, 
 Crown 8vo., profusely illustrated, price 2s. 6d., by 
 post 2s. gd. 
 
 CONTENTS. Camping as a Fine Art; Of the Tent Ordinary; The Gipsy Tent 
 Elementary ; The Gipsy Tent Developed ; The Baulk ; Pitching- and Striking- ; Of 
 Camp Fires ; Of a Permanent Camp ; A Boating Camp ; Of Vans ; Pack Saddles ; 
 Cooking Utensils, &c. ; Bedding and Clothes; Of Joys and Sorrows; Addenda; 
 Index. 
 
 LIST OF PLATES. Amateur Gipsies; A Quiet Backwater; At Shiplake; 
 Interior of a Gipsy Tent; Our First Tour; On the Way to the Farm; An Anxious 
 
 guestion; In the Land o' Cakes; A Visitor; On the Road; Forerunners of the 
 jnday Crowd ; A Critical Moment. 
 
 Field" Office, Windsor House, Bream's Buildings, E.G. 
 
Works Published by Horace Cox, 
 
 Yacht Architecture. 
 
 By DlXQN KEMP, Associate of the Institute of Naval 
 Architects and Member of the Council. This work 
 enters into the whole subject of the laws which govern 
 the resistance of bodies moving in water, and the 
 influence a wave form of body and wave lines have 
 upon such resistance. It also deals comprehensively 
 with the subject of Steam Propulsion as applied to 
 yachts. An easy System for Designing is provided, 
 and every necessary calculation is explained in detail. 
 The latter part of the work is devoted to Yacht 
 Building, and engravings are given of every detail 
 of construction and fitting, including laying off, 
 taking bevels, &c. The List of Plates (exclusive of 
 over thirty devoted to the elucidation of the text, and 
 nearly two hundred woodcuts) exceeds fifty, and com- 
 prises the Lines of some of the most celebrated Yachts 
 afloat by the most successful builders and designers. 
 SECOND EDITION. Super-royal 8vo., price 2 2s., by 
 post 2 33. 
 
 OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 " Mr. Horace Cox, London, has published a new edition of Mr. Dixon Kemp's treatise on 
 ' Yacht Architecture.' The book, which is an admirable exposition of the whole science and art 
 of designing and building yachts, has been revised, partly re-written, and much enlarged in this 
 edition. No small part of the new matter consists of new diagrams and plates. The work has from 
 the first been exceptionally rich in this practical help to builders. It now contains probably the 
 most complete collection of designs of this kind that have been brought together into a book. 
 The text takes notice of all recent improvements in building and of new developments in the 
 scientific theories of propulsion by steam and sail. The new edition, on the whole, will keep the 
 book in its place as an indispensable work of reference and instruction for builc^rs." The Scotsman, 
 
 "One great merit in the second edition of Mr. Kemp's 'Yacht Architecture' is that it is in 
 every part written up to time. The chapter on stability is in every respect highly satisfactory, 
 technical enough to satisfy the specialist, and yet plain enough to inform the man of ordinary 
 intelligence. So also in regard to centre-boards. When the first edition was published, few 
 English yachtsmen knew or cared as to what was meant by the term; but the racing for the 
 ' America ' Cup, and especially the running of the Thistle with the Volunteer in the autumn of 
 1887, has created quite a new interest in centre-boards, and the subject is discussed in this edition in 
 a manner at once simple and lucid. The chapters devoted to steam yachts are among the most 
 satisfactory in the book." Daily Graphic, April 29, 1891. 
 
 '"Yacht Architecture,' by Mr. Dixon Kemp, has been re-issued from the Field office, partly 
 
 re-written, revised, and enlarged A series of new plates of the lines of the most modern craft 
 
 take the place of those accompanying the first edition of the work. By means of these illustrations 
 the respective British and American types of yachts may be compared, and the amateur may learn 
 the practice of the best builders upon both sides of the Atlantic." Daily Telegraph, May 19, 1891. 
 
 A handsome and portly volume, which ought to find a place in the library of every yachtsman." 
 Glasgow Herald, April 23, 1891. 
 
 " Mr. Dixon Kemp's volume supplies yachtsmen with every possible information in a plain 
 practical manner, and, furthermore, to the most experienced theorist it will be found of almost 
 constant use for reference in both theoretical and practical knowledge." Irish Times, April 28, 1891. 
 
 "Field" Office, Windsor House, Bream's Buildings, E.G. 
 
Works Published by Horace Cox, 
 
 A Manual of Yacht and Boat 
 Sailing. 
 
 By DixON KEMP, Associate of the Institute of Naval 
 Architects and Member of the Council, Author of 
 " Yacht Designing " and " Yacht Architecture." This 
 edition has been largely re-written, and contains a 
 great number of new subjects, and the lines of many 
 boats never before published, the total number of 
 Plates exceeding TOO, besides more than 350 woodcuts 
 in the text. Seventh Edition. Super-royal 8vo., price 
 255., or by post 26s. (The Lords Commissioners of the 
 Admiralty have ordered this work to be supplied to 
 the Libraries of the ships of the Royal Navy.) 
 
 CONTENTS. Selecting- a Yacht ; Examination of the Yacht ; Building a Yacht ; 
 The Equipment of the Yacht ; Seamanship ; The Management of Open Boats ; The 
 General Management of a Yacht; The Rules of the Yacht Racing Association; 
 Yacht Racing; Handling a Yacht in a Match; Centre-Board Boats; Centre-Board 
 Boats for Rowing and Sailing; Sails for Centre-Board Boats; Small Centre-Board 
 Yachts; Mersey Sailing Boats; Clyde Sailing Boats; Belfast Lough Boats; Dublin 
 Bay, Kingstown Boats; Cork Harbour Boats; Itchen Boats; Falmouth Quay Punts; 
 Thames Bawley Boats; Lake Windermere Yachts; Yachts of the Norfolk Broads; 
 Small Yachts and Boats of Y.R.A. Rating; Single-handed Cruisers; Types of 
 Sailing Vessels; Double Boats; Steam Yachting; Ice Yachting; Canoeing; 
 Amateur Canoe Building (in America). 
 
 Appendix contains complete instructions as to Practical Boat Building. This 
 section is arranged alphabetically in the form of a dictionary, and embodies a variety 
 of information connected with Yachts, Boats, the customs of the sea, laws relating to 
 seamen, nautical terms, and in fact everything which might be expected in a nautical 
 cyclopaedia. Full instruction is given as to the building and management of every 
 boat described. 
 
 British and Irish Salmonidse. 
 
 BY FRANCIS DAY, C.I.E., F.L.S., and F.Z.S. This work 
 is an exhaustive treatise on the Salmonidae of the 
 British Islands, and will be found equally valuable to 
 the Angler, the Fish Culturist, and the Scientific 
 Icthyologist. In one volume, imperial 8vo., cloth, 
 price \ is., by post i is. 6d. With twelve coloured 
 plates and many woodcuts. A few copies to be had, 
 beautifully bound in whole calf, full gilt, price 355. 
 
 "Field" Office, Windsor House, Bream's Buildings, E.C. 
 
 [VOL. III.] [3] 
 
Works Published by Horace Cox, 
 
 The Collie or Sheepdog. 
 
 A History and Description of the Collie or Sheepdog, in 
 his British Varieties. By RAWDON B. LEE, Kennel 
 Editor of the " Field," and Author of " The Fox 
 Terrier." Demy 8vo., printed on plate paper, with 
 illustrations by Arthur Wardle, price 35. 6d., by post 
 35. i id. A few copies on large paper, price los. 6d., 
 by post us. 
 
 "'The Collie or Sheepdog' is a sufficiently well known and popular animal to render a history 
 and description of the British varieties of the species a welcome addition to the library of the dog 
 fancier. Mr. Rawdon Lee publishes a volume dealing with the subject, which is issued by Mr. 
 Horace Cox at the Field Office. Much information as to the breeding and points of the dog is given, 
 together with an exhaustive account of competitive trials, of which the writer has a large experience. 
 It is needless to say that anecdotes as to the sagacity of the collie are numerous." Morning Post, 
 July 23, 1800. 
 
 " The subject of the present volume is the ever-popular collie, which is treated in the same attrac- 
 tive manner as the previous work. It breathes of the hills, and living as Mr. Lee did for so many 
 years in Westmoreland, he can transfer to his pages many interesting reminiscences of the sheepdog 
 as a worker, comparing him with the collie in the more refined period of his life. The initial 
 chapters are excellent reading, and the author has displayed considerable skill in them, bringing as 
 he does the testimonies of poets and of painters, of shepherds and of breeders." Fancier's Gazette, 
 
 Mr! Lee's book, filled as it is with accurate information as to the various strains and valuable 
 suggestions as to their rearing and management, is a manual which to all collie owners or collie 
 breeders is likely to be highly serviceable." Saturday Re-view, May 16, 1891. 
 
 The Dogs of the British Islands: 
 
 Being a Series of Articles on the Points of their Various 
 Breeds ; and the Treatment of the Diseases to which 
 they are Subject. By the late J. H. WALSH, " Stone- 
 henge," Editor of the "Field" (with the aid of several 
 experienced Breeders). Fifth Edition. Re-written, 
 with additions, and new full-page engravings. In one 
 volume, bevelled boards, gilt edges, price 155., by 
 post 155. gd. 
 
 CONTENTS GENERAL MANAGEMENT: Management of Dogs in Health; Drugs 
 Commonly Used for the Diseases of Dogs, and their Modes of Administration ; the 
 Ordinary Diseases of the Dog and their Treatment ; Judging at Dog Shows - nd 
 Field Trials. SPORTING DOGS: Dogs Used with the Gun; Hounds and their 
 Allies. NON-SPORTING DOGS: Watch Dogs; Sheep and Cattle Dogs; Terriers 
 {other than Fox and Toy) ; Toy Dogs. 
 
 " This edition of 'The Dogs of the British Islands ' contains so much fresh matter that it may 
 be almost considered a new work. To breeders and lovers of dogs the book is an invaluable one- 
 Here are all the discussions upon moot points of breed, strain, colour, size, and form, which have 
 taken place in the columns of the Field since 1865 ; here the law for judging dogs, and the number of 
 marks to be awarded for the various points are clearly laid down : here the specialities of the most 
 celebrated sires of various species are talked over, and the history, so to speak, of each breed of dog 
 
 is given. To this are added directions for the management and treatment of dogs in health and in 
 ade mecum for the dog fancier and breeder." Evening Standard. 
 
 sickness. Altogether it is a -v 
 
 Field" Office, Windsor House, Bream's Buildings, E.C. 
 
Works Published by Horace Cox, 
 
 The Sheep and Pigs of Great 
 Britain : 
 
 Being a Series of Articles on the Various Breeds of Sheep 
 and Pigs of the United Kingdom, their History, 
 Management, &c. Edited by the late J. COLEMAN, 
 Editor of the Farm Department of the " Field," and 
 formerly Professor of Agriculture at the Royal 
 Agricultural College, Cirencester. Illustrated with 
 full-page engravings drawn principally from life by 
 Harrison Weir. In Imperial 4to., bevelled boards, gilt 
 edges, price i8s., by post i8s. gd. 
 
 Estate Management: 
 
 A Practical Handbook for Landlords, Agents, and Pupils. 
 By CHARLES E. CURTIS. With a Legal Supplement 
 by a Barrister. Third Edition. In demy 8vo., price 
 i os. 6d., by post us. 
 
 CONTENTS. Letting" and Leases; Farm Valuations; Forestry; Underwood; 
 Fences; Grasses suitable for Woods and Plantations; The Home Farm; Repairs 
 and Materials; The Blights of Wheat and other Cereals; Accounts; Useful Rules 
 of Arithmetic and Mensuration. 
 
 Poultry for the Table and Market 
 
 Versus Fancy Fowls, with an Exposition of the Fallacies of 
 Poultry Farming. By W. B. TEGETMEIER, F.Z.S. 
 Second Edition, revised and enlarged, with many 
 additional engravings. Demy 8vo., price 2s. 6d., by 
 post 2s. gd. 
 
 CONTENTS. Introductory; Game Fowls; Dorking"; Cochins; Brahmas; Lang- 
 shans, Plymouth Rocks, and Wyandottes; Malays, Indian Game, and Aseels; 
 French Table Breeds Houdans, Crevecoeur, and La Fleche ; Non-sitting- Varieties 
 Spanish, Minorcas, Andalusian, and Leghorn; Non-sitting and Other Varieties; 
 Housing; Feeding; Hatching; Rearing the Chicken; Breeding for the Market 
 Eggs; Breeding for the Market Chickens; Fattening; Turkeys and Guinea Fowl ; 
 Ducks ; Geese ; Diseases of Poultry ; Fallacies of Poultry Farming" ; Fowls in Small 
 Runs; Caponising. 
 
 "Field" Office, Windsor House, Bream's Buildings, E.C. 
 
Advertisements. 
 
 FLSOHNTS' 
 
 Celebrated ' Breadalbane ' Waterproof Shooting Costume 
 
 The GREATEST ADVANCE which has been made during late years in this direction is 
 that effected by Messrs. Andersons, of 37, Queen Victoria-street. 
 
 s unquestionably the point in which effective waterproofing has 
 litherto failed. For years it has been an accepted fact that the 
 ONLY comfortable waterproof to walk 
 fast in and to shoot well in is a CAPE of 
 some kind which can be THROWN BACK 
 from the right shoulder instantaneously. 
 This arrangement, however, has always had 
 this defect it does not protect the knees. 
 
 COMPLETE PROTECTION 
 has now been attained by the simple contrivance 
 of an APRON or SKIRT, which winds round 
 the body and fastens at the side, so as to leave 
 the opening immediately over the cartridge 
 pocket. The fold is so arranged that wet will 
 not reach this pocket, and it is nevertheless no 
 incumbrance to the hand when in want of 
 cartridges from the dry pocket of the ordinary 
 2 shooting coat. We were surprised on trying 
 ' this waterproof at the PERFECT way in which 
 the manufacturers had contrived to PREVENT 
 W its CATCHING the KNEES in WALKING, a 
 feature we expected to find would render it 
 practically useless. 
 
 We were MISTAKEN in that view, for a 
 more EASY over-garment to walk in was cer- 
 tainly never made. The VENTILATION of 
 the underneath part or apron is as complete as 
 fe that of the cape itself, and we are inclined to 
 H think that it is the FIRST GARMENT which 
 has ever COMBINED 
 
 PERFECT VENTILATION WITH 
 PERFECT WATERPROOFING. 
 ^ The COLOUR of the waterproof cloth of which 
 o it is made is as good as can be desired for the 
 moors. The WEIGHT is far less than we should 
 have thought. Cape, ilb.; apron, i$lb.; carrier 
 and shoulder strap, Ib. It appears to us that for 
 
 GROUSE DRIVING AND 
 WHITE HARE DRIVING, 
 as well as for carrying in case of rain 
 when walking the moors, the gar- 
 ment will become fashionable. 
 
 The cape is also made as an 
 INVERNESS, throwing back for 
 shooting ; but, of course, this adds 
 weight, and is warmer for 
 STANDING in the BUTTS. 
 The CAPE which goes with the 
 apron mentioned already seems to us 
 equally useful for low-country shoot- 
 ing, when COMBINED with THIGH KNEE LEGGINGS.' These articles of DEFENCE 
 AGAINST RHEUMATISM, made of the same colour and material as the i|lb. cape, 
 weigh Qoz., and we think that no one will think alb. loz. too heavy a tax for a 
 
 PERFECTLY DRY SKIN AND FREE VENTILATION. 
 
 G. T. TEASDALE BUCKELL. 
 
 Every ANGHiJ&It should send for our latest Catalogue of Fishing Waterproofs. 
 
 Carefully Note 
 
 Address, 
 
 ' THE WATERPROOF MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 37, QUEEN VICTORIA ST., LONDON, E.G. 
 
FOURTEEN DAY USE 
 
 RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED 
 
 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or 
 Rene wedl books Ara subject icmi Afaed&te recall. 
 
 REC'D L 
 
 MAY? 195 
 
 General Library 
 
 University of California 
 
 Berkeley 
 
 LD 21-100w-2,'55 
 (B139s22)476 
 
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