THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 %l^t ^§Qj}i\l S>odd}} of l^itcniturc of 
 
 A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF ITS ORIGIN 
 AND PROGRESS. 
 
 Iprcparcb, unbcr tbc bircdiou of tin (Couutil, 
 
 BY 
 
 EDWARD W. BRABROOK, C.B., F.S.A. 
 
 Vice-President a)ul Treasurer R.S.L. ; President of the Anthropological 
 Institute; Chief Registrar of Friendly Societies. 
 
 SECOND EDITION. 
 
 LONDON: 
 ASHEE AND CO., 13 BEDFORD STREET, W.C. 
 
 1897.
 
 ^ogal ^ocietu of l^itcnituvc, 
 
 A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF ITS ORIGIN AND PROGRESS 
 
 In October, 1820, in " accidental conversation," 
 a " person " who can be identified as Thomas 
 Burgess, then Bishop of St. David's, afterwards 
 of Salisbury, suggested to another the advan- 
 tages which might be expected from the insti- 
 tution of a Society of Literature, somewhat 
 resembling the French Academy of Belles 
 Lettres. The suggestion was communicated to 
 Sir Benjamin Bloomfield, and by liim to King 
 George the Fourth, who had but recently 
 ascended the throne. 
 
 On the 2nd November the Bishop received 
 His Majesty's command to attend at Carlton 
 House to discuss the matter, and was directed 
 to draw up a plan in elaboration of a general
 
 outline wliicli lie had ])i'oviously submitted. 
 He also made a respectful communication on 
 the matter to the Secretary of State for the 
 Home Department. 
 
 His Majesty became the Patron of the pro- 
 posed Society, and assigned out of his Privy 
 Purse the annual sum of 1,100 guineas to be 
 applied in pensions of 100 guineas each to 
 ten Royal Associates, and (as at first pro- 
 posed) in a premium of 100 guineas for a prize 
 dissertation. Bishop Burgess's biographer 
 (Harford, p. 344) says that the King told the 
 Dean of Salisbury that this munificence on his 
 part arose from a misconception of the Bishop's. 
 The King had intended to give £1,000 down, 
 and an annual subscription of £100 only; but 
 the Bishop proclaimed so widely the King's 
 munificent intention of giving 1,000 guineas a 
 year, and it was commented on in the Press in 
 terms so eulogistic, that he was obliged to 
 acquiesce in it, and did so cheerfully. 
 
 By May, 1822, a sufficient number of sub-
 
 scribers bad associated tbemselves witb tbe 
 proposed Society to enable a provisional Council 
 to be formed under tbe presidency of the 
 Bishop, who met the obstacles opposed to the 
 formation of the Society with his characteristic 
 perseverance. 
 
 One plausible objection raised was, that under 
 cover of literary discussion, incessant contro- 
 versies on political and religious topics might 
 be raised, and the Society, under its Royal 
 patronage, made an instrument of attack or 
 defence of particular sects or parties accord- 
 ing to the passions or interests of individual 
 members. 
 
 It was not till the 2nd June, 1823, that a 
 Constitution and Regulations were ready to be 
 submitted by the Bishop to the King, and 
 received his Majesty's approval under his sign 
 manual, communicated to his Lordship by Sir 
 William Knighton. 
 
 On the 17th June the first meeting of the 
 Society, convened by public advertisement and
 
 6 
 
 by circular, was held at the liouse of the 
 Literary Fund in Lincohi's Inn Fields. At 
 this meetino: the Officers and Council of the 
 Society were elected as follows : 
 
 President: The Bishoj) of St. David's (after- 
 wards of Salisbury). 
 
 Vice-Presidents : The Bishop (C. J. Blom- 
 field) of Chester (afterwards of London) ; the 
 Lord Chief Justice (Abbott; afterwards Baron 
 Tenterden) ; the Right Hon. J. C. Villiers ; 
 the Right Hon. Sir Gore Ouseley ; the Hon. 
 G. Agar Ellis ; Sir James Mackintosh ; the 
 Ven. Archdeacon Nares ; Colonel William 
 Martin Leake. 
 
 Treasurer : Archibald E. Impey. 
 
 Librarian : The Rev. H. H. Baber. 
 
 Secretary : The Rev. R. Cattermole. 
 
 Council : The Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord 
 Grenville, Lord Morpeth, Sir Thomas Aclaixl, 
 Bart., Sir Alexander Johnstone, Francis 
 Chantrey, Taylor Combe, the Rev. G. Croly, 
 James Camming, William Empson, the Rev.
 
 Dr. Gray, Prince Hoare, William Jerdan, 
 the Ven. Archdeacon Prosser, the Rev. Dr. 
 Richards, the Rev. Charles Sumner. 
 
 At this time the Society appears to have 
 consisted of about 120 Members, the three 
 Royal Dukes, of York, Clarence, and Cam- 
 bridge, having been the first Fellows enrolled 
 after the King, and each having contributed a 
 composition of 100 guineas. Lord Bexley, the 
 venerable Bishop of Durham (Shute Barring- 
 ton), and the Rev. Lewis Way made similar 
 liberal donations to the funds of the Society. 
 
 Two guineas was fixed by the regulations as 
 the minimum annual subscription, but a great 
 number of the Fellows subscribed five and ten 
 guineas each. Among these were the Dukes of 
 Newcastle and Rutland, and several Bishops 
 and Peers. 
 
 The first Council Meeting was held on Satur- 
 day, 21st June, 1823, at the apartments of the 
 Rev. H. H. Baber in the British Museum ; and 
 the first Ordinary Meeting on 5th November,
 
 when Granville Penu, Fellow of the Society, 
 read an account of an unknown manuscript of 
 1422, illustrating the last declaration of Henry 
 the Fifth. The reading of the paper was not 
 completed until the meeting of 19th November. 
 
 The Council proceeded, among its first 
 duties, to the election of the ten Royal Asso- 
 ciates, who were to be persons of distinguished 
 learning, authors of some creditable work of 
 literature, and men of good moral character. 
 Those selected were — 
 
 Samuel Taylor Coleridge. 
 
 Rev. Edward Davies, Author of Celtic 
 Researches. 
 
 Rev. John Jamieson, D.D., F.R.S.E. 
 
 Rev. T. R. Malthus, F.R.S. 
 
 T. J. Mathias, F.R.S. , F.S.A., Author of 
 Runic Odes. 
 
 J. Millingen, F.S.A., Author of Peintures 
 Antiques. 
 
 Sir Wm. Ouseley, LL.D., Author of Persian 
 Miscellanies.
 
 9 
 
 Wm. E,oscot>, Author of Life of Lorenzo 
 de' Medici. 
 
 Rev. H. J. Todd, F.S.A. 
 
 Sharon Turner, F.S.A. 
 
 The 100 guineas, intended to have been given 
 as a prize for a dissertation on Homer, not 
 having brought forth any essay worthy to 
 receive it, had been converted into two medaLs 
 worth 50 guineas each, which were awarded to 
 Wm. Mitford — " having completed a History of 
 Greece from the earliest ages to the death of 
 Alexander the Great, in which he has evinced 
 great industry and learning, clear and acute 
 reasoning, and an intimate knowledge of the 
 practical operation of the various institutions, 
 that form the component parts of free govern- 
 ment, on the happiness and improvement of 
 mankind, and having thereby largely contri- 
 buted to raise the literary character of this 
 kingdom" — and Angelo Mai, " late Librarian at 
 Milan, and at present Librarian to the Vatican, 
 having performed most important services to
 
 10 
 
 Litei'5itiii'{^ by tlio discovery and |)ul)lication ol" 
 many unpublislied works of some ol" the greatest 
 writers of antiquity." 
 
 By the regulations it was provided that 
 every Royal Associate shoidd, on his admission, 
 choose some branch of literature, and that it 
 should be his duty to communicate to the 
 Council, once a year at least, a disquisition or 
 essay on some point relative to that branch of 
 literature so chosen by him. Sharon Turner 
 chose " Philology and History," and contri- 
 buted papers which were read on 3rd and 17th 
 December, 1823, and 7th January and 21st 
 April, 1824, on the mutual i^esemblances 
 discoverable in the languages of nations not 
 related to each other by known origin or by 
 au}^ geographical antiquity ; illustrated by a 
 comparison and classification of the terms, both 
 simple and compound, used by various ancient 
 and modern nations to express the numerals 1 
 and 2, and the relation of " mother." 
 
 At the next meeting, on 21st January, 1824,
 
 11 
 
 a paper was read on tlie counterfeit madness of 
 Hamlet, and the motive which induced him to 
 assume the appearance of distraction, by 
 Thomas Bowdler, not a Fellow of the Society, 
 but a person who has acquired a certain amount 
 of unenviable literary fame as the castrator of 
 Shakespeare's Plays. 
 
 Sir William Ouseley, Royal Associate, chose 
 as his branch of literature, " Oriental history, 
 geography, and antiquities," and fulfilled his 
 obligation by reading on the 4th February a 
 paper on the River Euphrates. 
 
 On 3rd and 17tli March, Archdeacon Nares, 
 V.P., read an historical account of the dis- 
 coveries that have been made in palimpsest 
 manuscripts, with especial reference to Mai's re- 
 searches; and on 7th April, Mr. W. R. Hamilton, 
 Fellow of the Society, and Envoy at the Court 
 of Naples, communicated an account by Mr. 
 Angell, architect, of the discovery of some 
 Grreek sculptures in the ruins of the temple at 
 Selinus.
 
 12 
 
 This was the Society's first year's work. It 
 will not be necessary to record the work of 
 subsequent years in the same detail. 
 
 At the Anniversary Meeting on Gtli May, 
 five of the Royal Associates were present and 
 subscribed their obligations. Besides those 
 already mentioned, the following subjects 
 were selected : 
 
 S. T. Coleridge. — The relations of opposition 
 and conjunction, in which the poetry (the 
 Homeric and Tragic), the religion, and the 
 mysteries of ancient Greece stood each to 
 the other ; with the differences between the 
 sacerdotal and popular religion ; and the 
 influences of theology and scholastic logic on 
 the languasre and literature of Christendom 
 from the 11th century. 
 
 T. R. Malthus. — Political economy and 
 statistics. 
 
 H. J. Todd. — Manuscripts, and especially 
 those which relate to the literary history of 
 tliis country.
 
 13 
 
 Mr. Todd fulfilled his obligatiou on lULli 
 Jaimaiy, 1825, by communicating a collection 
 of passages of state under Queen Elizabeth and 
 King James, written by Sir John Harrington ; 
 and on 16th March an account of a codex con- 
 taining several Greek manuscripts belonging 
 to the Patriarch of Jerusalem. 
 
 The other five Royal Associates afterwards 
 selected the following subjects : 
 
 Mr. Hoscoe, Literary history. 
 
 Mr. Davies, Celtic antiquities. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson, Ancient historical facts, rites, 
 customs and languages. 
 
 Mr. Mathias, Italian literature. 
 
 Mr. Millingen, Archaeology. 
 
 Mr. Millingen, in fulfilment of his under- 
 taking, contributed on 16th February, 1825, 
 an account of a coin of Metapontum. The 
 Bishop remarked in his annual address for 
 1825, that the Royal Associates were, in effect, 
 professors of those branches of literature which 
 they adopted.
 
 14 
 
 The Medals for 1825 were adjudged to James 
 Rennell, F.R.S., " one of the first geographers 
 of this or any other age or country, for liis 
 various and valuable illustrations and improve- 
 ments of ancient and modern geography (par- 
 ticularl}^ by his maps and memoir of Hindostan 
 and the neighbouring countries, by his 
 memoir of the geography of the peninsula of 
 Hindostan, by his memoir of the geography 
 of Africa, and by his geographical system of 
 Herodotus)," and to Charles Wilkins, LL.D., 
 for his researches in Sanscrit, and publication 
 of the Bhagvat Geeta, Hitopadesa, and Sanscrit 
 grammar. 
 
 Upon the l-5th September, 1825, the Society 
 received its Charter of Incorporation by the 
 name of the Royal Society of Literature of the 
 United Kingdom, in which its object is defined 
 to be " the advancement of literature by the 
 pubhcation of inedited remains of ancient 
 literature, and of such works as may be of 
 great intrinsic value, but not of that popular
 
 15 
 
 character whicli usually claiujs the attention of 
 publishers ; by the promotion of discoveries in 
 literature ; by endeavouring to fix the standard 
 as far as is practicable, and to preserve the 
 purity of the English language ; by the critical 
 improvement of English lexicography ; by the 
 reading at public meetings of interesting papers 
 on history, philosophy, poetry, philology, and 
 the arts, and the publication of such of those 
 papers as shall be approved of; by the assign- 
 ing of honorary rewards to works of great 
 literary merit, and to important discoveries in 
 literature ; and by establishing a correspon- 
 dence with learned men in foreign countries 
 for the purpose of literary inquiry and infor- 
 mation." 
 
 During the Session 1825 — 26, Malthus, 
 Coleridge, Sir Wm. Oiiseley, Jamieson, Turner, 
 Millingen, and Todd — seven out of the ten 
 Royal Associates — fulfilled theii' obligation of 
 reading papers ; and at the anniversary of 
 1826 the Medals were awarded to John
 
 16 
 
 ►SoliWL'igbausur of Stmsbui'g, and to Dugald 
 Stewart, the moral philosopher. 
 
 About this time, though the Society had 
 become a Chartered Society, it dropped the 
 use of the term Fellow and the initials 
 F.R.S.L., and adopted Member and M.R.S.L. 
 instead. 
 
 In 1827 appeared the first portion of its 
 Transactions, and also a fasciculus of hiero- 
 glyphics edited by Dr. Thomas Young. The 
 Grold Medals were awarded to Walter Scott 
 and Robert Sou they ; and those of 1828 to 
 George Crabbe and Archdeacon William Coxe. 
 In that year a second fasciculus of hiero- 
 glyphics appeared. 
 
 The Medals for 1829 were adjudged to 
 William Roscoe, one of the Royal Associates, 
 and to the Baron Antoine Isaac Silvestre de 
 Sacy. In that year Vol. I. of the Society's 
 Transactions was completed l)y the issue of 
 Part 2. A paper was read before the Society 
 which was noteworthy as having occupied five
 
 17 
 
 meetings — 18tli February, 4bh and 18tli March, 
 and 1st and 15th April, 1829. It was by the 
 Rev. F. Nolan, LL.D., Member of the Society, 
 and was " On the antiquity and connection of 
 the early cycles and their utility in settling the 
 differences of cbronolomsts." 
 
 The medals for 1830 were adjudged to 
 Washington Irving and Henry Hallam. A 
 final fasciculus of hieroglyphics was published 
 in that year from the papers of Dr. Thomas 
 Young, then deceased. 
 
 The following year was marked in the his- 
 tory of the Society by the loss of its munificent 
 founder and patron, King George the Fourth, 
 and the consequent discontinuance of the pen- 
 sions to Royal Associates and of the Royal 
 Medals. The roll of Roval Associates was also, 
 for the first time, broken in upon by the death 
 of the Rev. E. Davies. The year 1831 was 
 also notable for the Society's entering into 
 possession of its house or " college " in St. 
 
 Martin's Place. It may be worth while at this 
 
 2
 
 18 
 
 point to state the position which the Society 
 had acquired. 
 
 The Ordinary Members liad increased to 244. 
 In addition to the 9 remaining Royal Asso- 
 ciates, there were 16 Honorary Associates. 
 There were also 19 Honorary Members, of 
 whom 8 were Englishmen and 1 1 Foreigners, 
 making a total of 288. All these lists included 
 many persons of distinction. 
 
 Among the Ordinary Members were included, 
 besides the Roj^al Dukes, Manners-Sutton and 
 Howley, Archbishops of Canterbury, and 
 Vernon, afterwards Harcourt, Archbishop of 
 York ; the Dukes of Newcastle and Rutland ; 
 the Marquis of Lansdowne ; the Earls of 
 Belmore, Carlisle, Clare, Clarendon, Mount- 
 morres, Munster, and Shrewsbury ; the 
 Viscount Goderich (afterwards Earl of Ripon, 
 and President of the Society) ; the Bishops of 
 Bath, Bristol, Carlisle, Chichester, Ely, 
 Salisbury, Winchester, and Limerick ; and the 
 Lords Bexley, Carrington, Grenville, Kenyon,
 
 19 
 
 Prudhoe (afterwards Duke of Northumberland), 
 Tenterden, and John Townshend, besides 
 several members of the House of Commons. 
 Eminently aristocratic as the list of Fellows 
 was, it was not exclusively so, for it included 
 about 30 Fellows of the Royal Society, and 
 about 40 of the Society of Antiquaries ; while 
 literature itself contributed to the list names 
 such as those of Brayley and Britton, Crabbe 
 and Croly, Hallam and Hartwell Home, James 
 and Jerdan, Nares and Nichols. I may be 
 pardoned for mentioning one more name in 
 this connection, that of Mr. Pratt, the first 
 Registrar of Friendly Societies. 
 
 The list of Royal Associates has already 
 been given, and it must be admitted that the 
 Council made upon the whole an admirable 
 selection of recipients of the Royal Bounty. 
 Their task was a difficult one. As one of 
 the Royal Associates had himself remarked 
 (Mathias, "Pursuits of Literature," 16th 
 edition, p. 140ia), " Unless the province of
 
 20 
 
 encouraging letters, wliicli sliould belong to the 
 great, is administered with wisdom and discre- 
 tion, it is more desirable that there were no 
 encouragement at all." We may take the 
 same writer's testimony as to the merits of some 
 of those wlio afterwards became his colleagues. 
 Of Sir Wm. Ouseley's " Persian Miscellanies " 
 he says, " they abound with learned, pleasing, 
 and curious information" (id., p. 2027/). 
 Roscoe's " Life of Lorenzo de' Medici " he 
 describes as a phenomenon in literature, and 
 says that it adds his name to the first rank of 
 English classical historians. But, indeed, no 
 testimony is necessary, for all the ten have 
 ^vritten their names in enduring characters on 
 the literature of their age. At the same time 
 the well-meant endeavour to make them earn 
 their pensions by an annual lecture on a defined 
 subject was a comparative failure. The selec- 
 tion by the Associates of their "branches of 
 literature " was in some cases eccentric. Take 
 that of Malthus — ''Political Economy and
 
 21 
 
 Statistics." It produced papers of value, but 
 certainly not of literary value. Bonar truly 
 says ("Malthus and his Work," 1885, p. 2G3) 
 that " he does little credit in them to his 
 literary faculty ; their composition is laboured 
 and devoid of ornament." The ten Associates 
 never all of them attempted to comply with the 
 conditions of an annual paper, and had they 
 done so the result would only have been to 
 exclude from the consideration of the Society 
 all papers by other Fellows, all fresh and 
 orio-inal communications, in favour of a series 
 of perfunctory because enforced treatises. The 
 literary work which a man does because he is 
 compelled to do it is not likely to be his best. 
 As Coleridge, the most renowned and truly 
 literary of the whole of them, says finely — 
 (" Biog. Lit.," i., 238)—" Be not merely a man 
 of letters. Let literature be an honourable 
 augmentation to your arms ; but not constitute 
 the coat or fill the escutcheon." Upon the 
 whole, therefore, we are inclined to think that,
 
 22 
 
 wliile the peusioiis to the Royal Associates 
 were certainly well bestowed, and must have 
 been beneficial indeed to some of the recipients, 
 the Society itself was rather the gainer than the 
 loser in its best interests by their discontinu- 
 ance. It possibly lost some prestige by ceasing 
 to be the almoner of Ro3^al bounty, but it 
 acquired more self-reliance, and its members 
 were urged to greater efforts to establish and 
 maintain its reputation. 
 
 It had been originally contemplated that, 
 besides the ten pensions granted by the Crown, 
 the Society should provide out of its own funds 
 an equal number for ten other Associates ; but 
 its funds were never sufficient to enable it to 
 make even a commencement of such a list, and 
 we cannot bring ourselves to regret that the 
 attempt was never made. 
 
 A list of Honorary Associates was, however, 
 formed, including Bernard Barton (the Quaker 
 poet), the Rev. H. Gary (the translator of 
 Dante), George Crabb, George Croly, Dr.
 
 23 
 
 Natbau Drake, Richard Diippa, the Rev. T. D. 
 Fosbroke, William Jacob, F.R.S., the Rev. 
 Samuel Lee (Professor of Hebrew at Cam- 
 bridge), Dr. John Lingard (the historian), Dr. 
 George Miller, Thomas Mitchell, James Mont- 
 gomery (the poet), the Revs. James Parsons, 
 Richard Polwhele, and Abraham Rees, D.D., 
 F.R.S., Robert Soiithey (Poet Laureate), and 
 Patrick Fraser Tytler. The qualification for 
 an Honorary Associate, as prescribed by the 
 by-laws, is the recommendation by three 
 Members of the Coancil of the person proposed 
 as one eminent for the pursuit of Literature. 
 
 The Society had also power by its by-laws 
 to elect not more than 12 British subjects and 
 an unlimited number of Foreigners as Honorary 
 Members. It had elected the followino- 12 
 British subjects : 
 
 The Rev. Archibald Alison. 
 
 The Right Rev. Bishop Gleig. 
 
 William Magee, Archbishop of Dublin. 
 
 General Sir John Malcolm.
 
 24 
 
 William Mitford (deceased). 
 
 James Eennell (deceased). 
 
 Henry Salt, F.R.S. (deceased). 
 
 Sir G. T. Staunton, Bart., F.E.S. 
 
 Dr. Charles Wilkins, F.R.S. 
 
 J. G. Wilkinson. 
 
 The Rev. Nicholas Wiseman (afterwards 
 
 Cardinal). 
 Dr. Thomas Young (deceased). 
 And the following 11 Foreigners : 
 Bilderdijk, of Haarlem. 
 Champollion (le jeune), Paris. 
 Von Hammer, Austria. 
 Humbert, Geneva. 
 Alexander de Humboldt, Paris. 
 Letronne, Paris. 
 Mai', the Vatican. 
 Meyer, Brussels. 
 Rask, Copenhagen. 
 Raynouard, Paris. 
 Von Schlegel, Bonn. 
 The medallists have been already mentioned;
 
 25 
 
 and, upon the whole, it may be asserted with- 
 out fear of contradiction that the Society had, 
 in this its first stage of existence during the 
 lifetime of its Royal Founder, gathered into its 
 ranks in one relation or another a large number 
 of the most distinguished names that adorned 
 the literature of that period. It had not been 
 very active in publications ; a single volume of 
 Transactions and three fasciculi of Hierogly- 
 phics having been all that it had produced. 
 On the other hand, it had accumulated a con- 
 siderable Building Fund (nearly £2,500), and 
 had obtained an eligible site for its house, the 
 entering into occupation of which may be taken 
 as marking the commencement of the second 
 period of its existence. 
 
 The first anniversary meeting of the Society 
 in its own house, 4, St. Martin's Place (which 
 was its home for 50 years), held on 4th May, 
 1832, took place in some circumstances of dis- 
 couragement. On the previous 7th of Decem- 
 ber the Bishop of Salisbury had resigned the
 
 26 
 
 presidency, on the ground of advanced age 
 and distance from London. After some not 
 very strenuous deprecation, the Council 
 accepted the resignation, nominating the 
 Bishop Vice-President, and pursuant to the 
 by-laws the interim presidency until the anni- 
 versary devolved upon the Duke of Rutland, as 
 senior Vice-President. Lord Dover, however, 
 consented to be President, and delivered an 
 address in which, following a custom whicli 
 Bishop Burgess, in the heat of controversy 
 and in his anxiety to disprove Milton's 
 authorship of the treatise " De Doctrincl 
 Christiana," had adopted in the later years 
 of his presidency, instead of commenting on 
 the affairs of the Society, he discoursed on an 
 interesting historical problem, that of tlie 
 manner and period of tlie death of Richard the 
 Second, King of England. He supported the 
 view of Mr. Amyot, that Richard starved 
 himself to death in Pomfret Castle. Another 
 discouraging circumstance was, that no intima-
 
 27 
 
 tioii bad beeu received from the King of Lis 
 intention to continue bis brotber's j^rants to 
 the Royal Associates, and tbat tberefore no 
 payment could be made to them. The meeting, 
 however, resolved to admit them to all the 
 privileges of members without payment. A 
 third, was in tbe fact that the building, as usual 
 in such cases, had cost more than was expected, 
 and that although Decimus Burton, the 
 architect, had kindly foregone his commission, 
 the Society bad had to borrow £900 and owed 
 £220 more. A fourth was the loss of many 
 eminent members by death, exceeding tbe 
 number of new members elected to fill their 
 places. Among the deaths were Roscoe and 
 Crabbe, Royal Medallists ; the Archbishop 
 (Magee) of Dublin ; Bilderdijk and Cham- 
 poUion, Foreign Honorary Members ; and the 
 Society's Treasurer (Impey),and Foreign Secre- 
 tary (De la Fite). Tbe Council were able to 
 announce, however, the issue of the first part 
 of Volume II. of tbe Transactions ; and by
 
 28 
 
 the -jtb of Juno tliey received an intima- 
 tion that the King would become an annual 
 donor of £100 to the general fund of the 
 Society. 
 
 At the next anniversary, in 1833, Lord 
 Dover was unable through ill health to be 
 present, but he sent for reading a " Dissertation 
 on the Gowrie Conspiracy." The losses by 
 death included Lord Tenterden and Sir James 
 Mackintosh. Some valuable gifts to the 
 Library were announced, including 116 volumes 
 by Mr. L. H. Petit. The deposit with the 
 Society of 700 volumes by Sir W. Ouseley, 
 for reference by the members during his 
 absence from England, was also acknow- 
 ledged. 
 
 Shortly afterwards the Society had the mis- 
 fortune to lose its second President, Lord 
 Dover, by death, and the Bishop of Salisbury, 
 who ranked as first Vice-President, again 
 became President by virtue of the by-laws, 
 ad interim, until the anniversary of 1834,
 
 29 
 
 when the Earl of Ripon was elected. No 
 presidential address was then delivered, but 
 in 1835 Lord Ripon referred to his predecessor 
 in the following graceful terms : — " Your second 
 President, Lord Dover, was snatched from his 
 friends and from the activity of public life by 
 an early death ; but not before he had given 
 to the world more than one proof of his 
 ardent love for literature, and had shown by 
 his example that literary and historical pur- 
 suits are not incompatible with the more 
 exciting engagements of political life. Lord 
 Dover, in his addresses to you from this chair, 
 gave an earnest of the interest he took in the 
 welfare of this Society, and of his talents, had 
 he been longer spared to us, for throwing 
 light on the more obscure and difficult events 
 of our early history. In paying this passing 
 tribute to the memory of Lord Dover, I rejoice 
 in doing justice to one with whose personal 
 friendship I was honoured, whose talents I 
 admired, and whose character I knew too well
 
 30 
 
 by experience not to respect and love." Other 
 losses by death announced at the 1834 anni- 
 versary included Earl Granville, the Right 
 Hon. C. P. Yorke, Jebb, Bishop of Limerick, 
 and Sir John Malcolm. On the other hand, 
 the Report of the Conncil contained one indi- 
 cation that the withdrawal of King George 
 the Fourth's bounty was really a blessing in 
 disguise, for it recorded that as many as 26 
 papers had been read ])efore the Society during 
 the Session — not one of them by a Royal 
 Associate, — and thus gave evidence of a literary 
 activity on the part of the Fellows of which 
 there had been no signs in the Society's first 
 period. At this time was commenced the 
 excellent plan of issuing a short printed sheet 
 of proceedings from time to time during the 
 Session. 
 
 The obituary of 1835 included two Royal 
 Associates — Coleridge and Malthus. Lord 
 Ripou's eloquent obituary notice of the former 
 may rightly be reproduced here.
 
 31 
 
 A name to which our peculiar expressions of regret 
 are due is that of Coleridge. When the Society was 
 commissioned to elect ten eminent literary characters 
 not in affluent circumstances as Royal Associates, Mr. 
 Coleridge's circumstances and extraordinary merits 
 combined to point him out to the Council as peculiarly 
 worthy to be chosen of the number. He gratefully 
 received, during seven years, this mark of His 
 Majesty's regard for literaiy distinction ; and it is to 
 be lamented that, when that grant ceased, his bodily 
 infirmities had rendered him incapable of practical 
 exertion. Samuel Taylor Coleridge was the son of a 
 clergyman in Devonshire. His father dying in his 
 infancy, he was placed in Christ's Hospital, in 
 London. Here the singular habits of the learned 
 and meditative boy, for such he was, attracted the 
 notice of Middleton, afterwards Bishop of Calcutta, 
 at that time a Grecian in the school, who was the 
 first to make Mr. Bowyer, then Head Master, ac- 
 quainted with his remarkable abilities and acquire- 
 ments. Coleridge immediately emerged from the 
 obscurity of the lower forms, and in due time was 
 transferred, with a high reputation, to Jesus College, 
 Cambridge. He was one of Sir William Browne's
 
 32 
 
 medallists, and in other respects distinguished himself 
 at the University, but quitted it without having- 
 graduated ; and for some years afterwards, though 
 possessed of faculties of the highest order, and an 
 erudition almost universal, he exhibited that want of 
 a fixed purpose and determinate will which commonly 
 characterizes the youth' of men of genius. Towards 
 the close of the century Mr. Coleridge visited Germany, 
 and resided for some time at Gottingen. Of this 
 portion of his life some very agreeable memorials exist 
 in the " Biographia Literaria ; " and among its results, 
 besides the Teutonic cast which it impressed upon 
 much of his subsequent thoughts and language, we 
 may consider the masterly version of Wallenstein, 
 our first and best translation from the literature of 
 modern Germany. 
 
 Mr. Coleridge afterwards went out to Malta in 
 the capacity of Secretary to Sir Alexander Ball, 
 Governor of that island. He returned home through 
 Italy, and on his arrival in England resumed those 
 local and friendly connections with Wordsworth and 
 Southey, which occasioned these distinguished in- 
 dividuals to be commonly associated together in the 
 literary history of our times by the name of the
 
 33 
 
 " Lake Poets. '^ Though by no means the fittest of 
 the three — if any one of this gifted triumvirate could 
 be pronounced fit — to fill a part iu the busy world, 
 Coleridge was the first to revisit the Metropolis. His 
 powerful talents were now obscurely employed on 
 the anonymous columns of the daily journals ; and 
 his glowing imagination, and the intricacies of his 
 metaphysics, by turns electrified and lulled asleep 
 the audiences of our literary and scientific lecture 
 rooms. The inconveniences of such a mode of life, 
 however, to a mind of his exquisite sensibility and 
 peculiar habits, and in connection with bodily 
 suffering, induced him to avail himself of an oppor- 
 tunity of escape, that promised retirement without 
 total seclusion, and freedom to follow the master 
 tendencies of his disposition, with the hope of em- 
 ploying his powers for the benefit of mankind. He 
 accepted the offer of a generous friend to become an 
 inmate in his house at Highgate ; and from this time, 
 till his lamented death, a secluded apartment, at 
 once his study and his bedroom — commanding one of 
 the most beautiful woodland prospects in the vicinity 
 of London — became the scene of daily discourse, in 
 which it is not too much to assert, that the most
 
 34 
 
 elevated and most splendidly endowed characters of 
 ancient or modern times might have gladly borne an 
 equal part. 
 
 To the question so often and triumphantly put to 
 liis admirers — "What has Coleridge done"? — time 
 does not permit a full answer here. The very ques- 
 tion, however, implies an admission of great acknow- 
 ledged powers. It is true, that the number of his 
 published works is soon summed up ; but Avritings, 
 embodying the profoundest elements of thought, are 
 not fairly estimated by the number or bulk of the 
 volumes they comprise ; and if ever there was a 
 writer whose sentences teemed with the combined 
 wealth of the creative and meditative faculties — such 
 a writer was Coleridge. But the best answer to that 
 question will, it is hoped, be shortly given in the 
 publication of some, at least, of the numerous manu- 
 scripts which he has left behind, especially of his 
 long-promised volumes containing the entire system 
 of his philosophy. In the meantime, passing over his 
 more popular merits as a poet — in which character, 
 howevei', he is second to no name among his con- 
 temporaries, not even to Wordsworth, who, " in his 
 golden urn drew light " from Coleridge's thoughts,
 
 35 
 
 as from a perpetual fountain — we name his best 
 known work, " The Friend," the noblest exposi- 
 tion of moral, political, and ideal philosophy which 
 has appeared within a century and a half ; and pro- 
 foundly wise and eloquent " Lay Sermons ;'^ the 
 '' Aids to Reflection,'^ itself a school of discipline for 
 all who would learn to think, and which, almost un- 
 read at home, is largely circulated and studied even 
 in utilitarian America; the learned and beautiful 
 Essay on the " Idea of the Church and State /' and, 
 lastly, among those of his writings which he was 
 himself in the habit of referring to with the most 
 satisfaction, his Letters and Papers published in the 
 "Morning Post and Courier" at the conclusion of 
 the late war. In these latter productions (the col- 
 lection and republication of which would be an 
 important service to society) he emphatically fore- 
 told, as he also did often in conversation, the conse- 
 quences of the undue growth of democratic influence, 
 allied with the knowledge which includes ^power 
 without any directing principle, and while he traced 
 its causes to their remotest origin, he described the 
 only effectual remedy for the evil, in the moral and 
 intellectual improvement of all classes, by impai-ting
 
 36 
 
 a philosophical and biblical education to the higher 
 orders, a religious one to those beneath. But, if Ave 
 could fairly estimate 'Svhat Coleridge has done," we 
 must take into account, and by no means as least in 
 importance, the probable effects of his daily dis- 
 courses with his friends. Time alone can enable the 
 public to do justice to his writings : to do justice to 
 his conversation it never will be able. It was not 
 alone his " glistening eye," and animated features — 
 radiant as they were with the glow of poetic inspira- 
 tion; nor was it his silver tones, or his varied and 
 expressive elocution, in which the enchantment of 
 his discourse consisted. Equally severe in logical 
 sequence, and as binght with the changing hues of 
 poetry, but in form less widely discursive, and in 
 style more expressive and simple, his best conversa- 
 tional Essays were perhaps in every respect superior 
 to his written works ; often has it occurred to the 
 favoured hearer to sigh involuntarily at the close of 
 his flowing periods, for some spell that could impart 
 permanency to the words he had been listening to, 
 in the full faith that a book would have been the 
 result, to which no rival in wisdom and eloquence 
 united exists among the rich products of genius !
 
 37 
 
 And the hearers of Coleridge were iiuuiy — not ut 
 oucej but many in succession ; it was rare if a visitor 
 came and found Meniuon silent : there was no need 
 to wait for the rising of the sun ; for the rays which 
 woke that tuneful tongue arose from within, and 
 were at all times obedient to the call of friendship, 
 or the enquiry of the lover of truth. Hence, few 
 persons of literary habits and taste, resident in 
 London, or visitors, were wholly strangers to Cole- 
 ridge's wonderful powers of discourse. The young 
 and ingenuous were always greeted with a peculiar 
 welcome. Not a few of these — the best and purest 
 of the rising intellects of the age — were his affec- 
 tionate pupils ; their minds remain indelibly im- 
 pressed and moulded by him, and thus " the bread," 
 which from day to day he " cast upon the waters, 
 will be found after many days," transferred by them 
 into the living world of thought and literature, the 
 seed of his wisdom is already scattered abroad, and 
 will yet bear fruit in the busy scenes of social and 
 active life. 
 
 It remains but to add a word in regard to that 
 philosophical system, which was the subject of the 
 meditations, the writings, and discourses of our
 
 venerable friend and fellow member, during- tlie 
 latter and better portion of liis life. 
 
 His design was to establish a vital pliilosopliy, 
 with revelation for its basis, iu the room of the 
 mechanical, introduced among us at the Revolution, 
 which he ever regarded, and emphatically described 
 as the philosophy of death. His is the ideal philo- 
 sophy, spiritualised and exalted by true religion ; as 
 we may suppose Plato would have taught it had 
 Plato been a Christian, and lived iu our times. Its 
 grand principle is, that in the reality of the divine 
 idea alone, as including the three self-subsistences of 
 the Godhead, can we discover the ground of universal 
 existence ; and from this primal truth he evolves the 
 unity of all real knowledge. The principle of this 
 philosophy he has himself described as, " the re- 
 ferring of the mind to its own consciousness for 
 truths indispensable to its own happiness ;'" while in 
 the same place he explains its practical purposes to 
 be, "to support all old and venerable truths, and by 
 them to support, to kindle, to project the spirit ; to 
 make the reason spread light over our feelings, and 
 to make the feelings, with their vital warmth, 
 actualise our reason." It is a philosophy which
 
 39 
 
 rtjcuuiuiead.s itself to till good and woil-judgiug 
 people, to the i-eligious^ by the light it reflects upon 
 the truths of revelation, and by the depth, earnest- 
 ness, and practical quality of the faith it encourages; 
 to the philosophic mind, by its profundity, its just- 
 ness, and the logical validity of its grounds ; to the 
 gentle and amiable, by the exceeding humanity and 
 charity of its results ; to the critical student, by its 
 order and beauty ; and to every man, as man, by the 
 dignity it secures to his humanity, and the elevation 
 it imparts to his hopes. 
 
 Maltbus owed his reputation mainly to his 
 remarkable work on the "Principles of Popula- 
 tion," first published anonymously in 1797 and 
 afterwards frequently reprinted and widely 
 read. It may be said to have completely altered 
 the public views with respect to the matters of 
 which it treated ; and it bore fruit with won- 
 derful rapidity in the passing, without serious 
 opposition, of a Bill for taking a Census, which 
 had been denounced as impious 50 years before. 
 
 Other deaths in the same year were those of
 
 40 
 
 Gray, BisLop of Bristol, and Prince Hoare, 
 Foreign Secretary of the Royal Academy, wbo 
 bequeathed to tbe Society the greater part of 
 his library, and thus more than trebled the 
 number of volumes in its possession. The 
 activity of the Fellows was still well main- 
 tained, as many as 20 papers having been read 
 at the meetings during the session. 
 
 Another Royal Associate, Mr. Mathias, died 
 in 1835-36. He was a Fellow of the Royal 
 Society and of the Society of Antiquaries, 
 author of some critical works, and of a poem of 
 a somewhat satirical cast upon the '' Pursuits 
 of Literature," very learnedly illustrated with 
 notes ; of a work on Runic Odes, and other 
 publications. Ill-health and distance prevented 
 him from selecting his special topic when the 
 other Associates fixed upon theirs, but he finally 
 notified that he would deal with Italian litera- 
 ture. The obituary of the same year comprised 
 also Sparke, Bishop of Ely ; Robert Lemon, 
 deputy-keeper of the State Papers ; and Dr.
 
 41 
 
 Richard Valpy. Tlie list of honorary members 
 was increased by the names of van Westreenen 
 van Tiellandt, of Holland, and d'Oleuine, of 
 Russia. The number of papers read in the 
 year was 18. 
 
 The losses by death in the year 1836-37 were 
 also heavy. They consisted of Bishop Burgess, 
 the Society's founder and first President ; Dr. 
 George Richards, to whom the Society owes its 
 Richards' fund, to be hereafter referred to ; Sir 
 Francis Freeling, Bart., and Sir John Byerley. 
 These losses were referred to by Lord Ripon in 
 the following terms : — 
 
 The Bishop of Salisbury was the author of many 
 works of no ordinary merit, connected with the 
 sacred profession to which he belonged; and he was 
 remarkable for the zeal which he displayed for the 
 advancement of Hebrew literature ; the study of 
 which, although not required as a test of fitness for 
 the discharge of clerical duties, is of deep interest to 
 a Christian community. Perhaps, however, there 
 was no act in the Bishop's life which more claims our
 
 42 
 
 respectful notice than tlio zeiil and liberality with 
 which he commenced, continued, and completed the 
 establishment, in the diocese of St. David's, of a 
 college for the education of Welsh youth, particularly 
 with a view to their subsequent ordination ; and I 
 notice this point with peculiar pleasure, because it 
 was my lot, when holding the office of Chancellor of 
 the Exchequer, to advise His late Majesty to con- 
 tribute largely, out of funds at the disposal of 
 the Government, to this interesting object, which I 
 have been most happy to learn has been eminently 
 successful in facilitating the introduction into the 
 Church of well qualified young men, who might 
 otherwise have been unable, out of their own re- 
 sources, to obtain the advantage of a sufficient educa- 
 tion. His useful and good life was prolonged beyond 
 the ordinary period of existence ; and, notwithstand- 
 ing the advance of age with its infirmities, he 
 continued, I understand, till within a few months of 
 its close, to evince his regard for sound learning, and 
 his anxiety for the cultivation of pure theology and 
 for the interest of the Church of England, by publish- 
 ing a great variety of charges and other tracts, both 
 critical and doctrinal. I therefore hesitate not to
 
 43 
 
 condole with the Members of this Society upon tlie 
 loss which we have sustained, and to express my 
 earnest hope that the sacred profession to which he 
 belonged, may never be wanting in men, equally 
 zealous in the performance of their high duties, 
 equally competent to an adequate discharge of them, 
 and equally prepared to meet their termination. 
 
 The next loss to our Society, which we have at this 
 time to lament, is that of the Rev. George Richards, 
 D.D., one of the coadjutors of Bishop Burgess in the 
 formation and advancement of the Royal Society of 
 Literature, of which he had been many years a Vice- 
 President. 
 
 As no Member of the Society was better known 
 among us than this gentleman, so, I am sure, I only 
 express the sentiment of all here, when 1 say, that 
 none could be more generally regai-ded with the 
 esteem and affection, which his attainments, his 
 virtues, and the peculiar amenity of his manners 
 deserved. Respecting those abilities, on which Dr. 
 Richards's reputation as a scholar and a man of 
 letters was founded, he has left behind him no evi- 
 dence for those who were not among his personal 
 acquaintance to decide, except his excellent Oxford
 
 44 
 
 Prize Poum, the " Aboriginal Britous," mid his 
 " Sermons on Prophecy, at the Bampton Lecture ;" 
 but the place where we are now assembled is replete 
 with memorials of his exemplary conduct as a clergy- 
 man, and his liberality to the parishes of which he 
 was successively the incumbent. The benefits of his 
 attention and his benevolence were not, however, 
 confined to his own immediate district, he was a 
 munificent supporter of many of the literary and 
 charitable institutions of the Metropolis. It is 
 known to most of those who hear me, that ho con- 
 tributed largely towards the fund for the erection of 
 the building in which we are now met ; and, for the 
 information of those who may be yet unacquainted 
 with the fact, I believe I am at liberty to intimate, 
 that he has by his will left to this Society still 
 more substantial proofs of his anxiety for its wel- 
 fare. 
 
 The last Member, whose decease, since the anni- 
 versary of 1836, I am called on to notice, is the 
 late Sir Francis Freeling, a gentleman whose name 
 is familiar to every one, in the character of a valuable 
 public servant, but who was no less known to many 
 as a sincere lover and liberal patron of Literature.
 
 45 
 
 In 1836 the second volume of Transactions 
 was completed. 
 
 In 1837 the Society lost its second Royal 
 Patron, King William IV., and on Queen 
 Victoria's accession to the throne, a loyal 
 address to Her was adopted at a meeting 
 specially called for the purpose. In response. 
 Sir H. Wheatley, Keeper of Her Majesty's 
 Privy Purse, was instructed to inform the 
 Society " that Her Majesty would be graciously 
 pleased to afford the same patronage and 
 support to the Royal Society of Literature, 
 which that valuable institution had enjoyed 
 during His late Majesty's reign." In con- 
 sequence, the Royal donation of £100 was 
 annually made until the year 1890. The 
 marriage of Her Majesty in 1840 was made the 
 subject of an address of congratulation ; and 
 the Society in felicitating Prince Albert on the 
 same occasion, took the opportunity of sug- 
 gesting that he should become an Honorary 
 Member. His letter of consent contained an
 
 46 
 
 assurance of the deep interest he would never 
 cease to take in tlie arduous and enhghtened 
 labours in which the Society was engaged. 
 The Society at the same time greatly strengtli- 
 ened its list of Honorary Members by tlie 
 addition of the following names : — 
 
 Bunsen, Secretary General of the Archaeo- 
 logical Institute of Rome ; 
 
 Rafn, Secretary of the Royal Society of 
 Northern Antiquaries of Copenhagen ; 
 
 Boeckh, of Berlin ; 
 
 Guizot ; 
 
 Thiers ; 
 
 Gerhard, of Berlin ; 
 
 Miiller, of Gottingen ; 
 
 Lepsius ; 
 
 Mr. Isaac Cullimore ; 
 
 The Rev. R. T. Leider, of Cairo. 
 
 In his address of 1838, Lord Ripon com- 
 municated to the Society the following proposi- 
 tion made by Mr. Wm. Tooke, a member of the 
 Council : —
 
 47 
 
 Having more than once intimated to the Council a 
 suggestion, to the development of which, however, I 
 feel very unequal, that it would conduce to the 
 efficiency, and at the same time promote the welfare 
 of the Royal Society of Literature, were its Council 
 to undertake or sanction some extended work, 
 calculated to promulgate and perpetuate the deeds 
 and labours of our ancestors, in every department of 
 arts and arms, of science, eloquence, and literature- 
 I am induced to trouble you with the following 
 outline sketch of the nature of the work I would 
 propose for the consideration of the Council. I 
 would, with this view, recommend the publication in 
 parts by, or rather under the superintendence of, the 
 Council of the Royal Society of Literature, of a 
 biographical sei'ies, not in the ordinary inartificial 
 and imperfect plan of alphabetical arrangement, but 
 in chronological order, thus obviating the inconveni- 
 ence of the anachronism which occurs between the 
 early and late volumes of a long set, as is the case in 
 Chalmers's Dictionary, which occupied upwards of 
 five years in publication, in consequence of which 
 notices were given in the latter volumes of persons 
 who had long survived others, of whom no mention
 
 48 
 
 whatever is made in tlie earlier sections of the work, 
 while a still greater anachronism oecnrs from the 
 juxta-position of men who Honrished at the most 
 remote periods from one another, by which means 
 Alfred and Akenside, Wickliff and Wilmot, Chaucer 
 and Chatterton, are jumbled together in very absurd 
 discrepancy. Another defect of biographical dic- 
 tionaries is the attempt to render them universal, as 
 to all nations, and as to every description of notoriety 
 of character. 
 
 I would endeavour to obviate both these sources of 
 imperfection by making the proposed biography 
 purely national, and arranging it chronologically by 
 centuries, on which plan each volume might be con- 
 sidered a separate work. The volumes might even 
 be published simultaneously, or, beginning with 
 recent centuries, work upwards to the source ; and, 
 in either case, the work would admit of indefinite 
 continuance with the lapse of time, while the earlier 
 portions would never become obsolete or lose their 
 relative value, as has invariably been the fate of all 
 alphabetical biographies. 
 
 The scanty, but still more interesting list of names 
 previous to the invention of printing, would, of
 
 49 
 
 course^ compress that period into small comparative 
 compass ; and thus, while the luminaries of England 
 existing between the seventh and fourteenth centuries^ 
 beginning with Bede, Alcuin, and Alfred, and 
 ending with Lydgate, might be comprised in one or 
 two volumes, the materials would soon expand, until 
 the later centuries would each require several 
 volumes to record the histories of their illustrious 
 occupants. 
 
 The only attempt on any adequate scale at a 
 national biography was by the publication, between 
 the years 1747 and 1766, of a " Biographia Britan- 
 nica," of which an enlarged edition was, in 1777, 
 undertaken by Dr. Kippis and others, and slowly 
 continued until the year 1793, when it ceased to 
 appear, having proceeded no further than the letter 
 E. Independent of its vicious alphabetical arrange- 
 ment, and its bulk and uncertain periods of publica- 
 tion, enough of cause for its non-acceptance by the 
 public, and consequent abrupt termination, would be 
 found in its injudicious plan of giving the entire text 
 of the former edition, aud appending an immense 
 quantity of elaborate and controversial notes, after 
 the manner, but destitute of the critical acumen of 
 
 4
 
 50 
 
 Bayle. A " Dictionary of General Biography " was 
 soon afterwards compiled and edited by Drs. Aikin 
 and Enfield, without, however, establishing any claim 
 to distinction in the literary world. 
 
 Another mode of improving on the crude and 
 desultory character of all existing large works in 
 general biography, would be by a classification of 
 the lives according to the different branches of 
 literature and science to which they were devoted ; 
 but this would be attended with great difficulty, in 
 consequence of the versatile pursuits of many distin- 
 guished geniuses, who, like Julius Caesar, or our own 
 Alfred, have earned laurels in every field of fame. 
 
 On the whole, therefore, I would repeat the ex- 
 pression of my predilection in favour of the scheme I 
 have proposed ; namely, a purely national biography, 
 deduced chronologically from the first dawnings of 
 British genius, in the seventh century, to the mature, 
 but, I trust, still far from declining splendour of its 
 emanations in the nineteenth. 
 
 The most useful form of such a publication would, 
 as it appears to me, be by monthly or quarterly 
 portions, and at the moderate price which I appre- 
 hend its popularity, and consequently extensive sale.
 
 51 
 
 would justify; and I have no doubt but that some 
 one of our most eminent booksellers would gladly 
 undertake the publication of the work^ with the 
 sanction and under the immediate superintendence 
 of the Society, on terms which would not only re- 
 lieve the Society from all possible hazard but obtain 
 for it considerable pecuniary return, in aid of its 
 liberal efforts to improve the standard and promote 
 the diffusion of sound general literature. 
 
 Tbe President expressed his approval of the 
 scheme and a fund was raised for carrying it 
 into effect, the total subscriptions amounting to 
 £580 15s. The first portion of the work — an 
 Essay on the " State of Literature and Learn- 
 ing among the Anglo-Saxons," by Mr. Thomas 
 Wright, was issued in 1839. 
 
 In 1838, the third and last volume of the 
 Society's quarto series of Transactions was 
 completed. The principal contents of the three 
 volumes, in addition to the papers ah^eady 
 mentioned, are as follows : —
 
 52 
 
 Vol. I. (1829)— 
 Part I.— 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in the British 
 Museum and other collections. By the Rt. 
 Hon. C. Yorke and W. M. Leake, Esq. 
 On Palimpsest Manuscripts. By Archdeacon 
 Nares. 
 Part II.— 
 
 On the Coins of Zancle and on the Portland 
 
 Vase. Both by J. Millingen, Esq. 
 On the Demi of Attica. By W. M. Leake, Esq. 
 Vol. II. (1834) — 
 Part I.— 
 
 Inscriptions Grecques et Latinos du Colosse de 
 
 Memnon. Expliquees par M. Letronue. 
 Inscriptions from the Wady - el - Muketteb. 
 Copied by the llev. G. F. Grey. 
 Part II.— 
 
 On the Theoretical Music of the Greeks. By 
 
 Rev. E. Nolan, LL.D. 
 De L'Origiue des Hindous. Par A. W. de 
 Schlegel. 
 Vol. Iir. (1839) — 
 
 On a Roman Villa near Pausilippo. By W. R. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 On certain Alphabets in use among the Jews. 
 By J. Belfour.
 
 53 
 
 On the Battle of Marathon. By G. Finlay. 
 On the Astronomical Ceiling of the Memnonium 
 at Thebes. By Rev. Gr. Tomlinson. 
 
 The second period of eight years, which may 
 be marked by the close of the Society's quarto 
 series of Transactions, showed a considerable 
 falling off in the number of Ordinary Members, 
 from 244 to 164. 
 
 The deaths, in 1841, included Dr. Alexander 
 Crombie, the author of the " Gymnasium," and 
 Carl Gottfried Midler, of Gottingen, Honorary 
 Member. In that year the first volume of the 
 octavo series of Transactions was completed. 
 It contains 31 papers, largely concerned with 
 Egyptian and Greek inscriptions, with monu- 
 ments, obelisks, and objects of antiquity ; with 
 the identification of ancient sites, and with 
 mediseval and ancient history. In pure litera- 
 ture, Mr. Granville Penn's critical observations 
 on the Epistle of Horace to Torquatus is the 
 principal contribution. 
 
 The deaths announced at the Anniversary
 
 54 
 
 of 1842 included Sir Francis Chantrey, the 
 sculptor ; and Dr. G. F. Nott, author of " Lives 
 of Surrey and Wyatt."" Among those of 1843 
 were the Duke of Sussex ; Southey, one of the 
 Society's Medallists ; Sir Wm. Ouseley, a Royal 
 Associate; and Brondsted, of Copenhagen, an 
 Honorary Member. John Hogg was admitted 
 a Member and afterwards became a valued 
 contributor to the Transactions. An excellent 
 address was delivered by Mr. W. R. Hamilton, 
 Foreign Secretary, in the absence of the 
 President. 
 
 In 1844, in like manner, the President was 
 absent, and Henry Hallam delivered a Presi- 
 dential address in his place. The deaths of this 
 year included Sir Henry Halford and John 
 Murray. J. 0. Halliwell and Thomas Wright 
 were elected Honorary Members. In 1845, 
 Lord Ripon resigned the Presidency and Henry 
 Hallam was elected in his place. The deaths 
 of this year were Lord Montmorres (author,' 
 as Viscount Valentia, of " Travels in the East'') ;
 
 55 
 
 Sir Gore Ouseley, Ambassador to Persia; 
 Grranville Penn and Dr. Henry Card, both 
 literary men of eminence. The deaths of 1846 
 included two Royal Associates, Millingen and 
 Todd ; and three original Members — Law, 
 Bishop of Bath and Wells, the Right Hon. 
 J. Hookham Frere, and Sir Matthew Tierney, 
 Bart. One of the elections of new Members, 
 however, was destined to compensate for many 
 losses. It was that of Patrick Colquhoun, 
 M.A. of Cambridge, and D.C.L. of Heidel- 
 berg. 
 
 On the 29th January, 1846, the entrance 
 fee was reduced from five guineas to three 
 guineas. A second volume of the " Biographia 
 Britanuica Literaria," relating to the Anglo- 
 Norman period, was published. On 27th 
 November and 11th December, 1845, and 22nd 
 January and 12th February, 1846, Dr. Patrick 
 Colquhoun communicated an excursus on the 
 topography of the Homeric Ilium, which he had 
 translated from the original of Prof. H. N.
 
 56 
 
 Ulrichs of Athens, and illustrated with notes. 
 At the Anniversary in 1846 he was elected a 
 member of the Council. 
 
 Among the new elections of 1847 was another 
 future President, Connop Thirlwall, Bishop of 
 St. David's. The losses by death included 
 Sharon Turner, Royal Associate, and James 
 Parsons, Honorary Associate. Admiral Beau- 
 fort, Dr. Mordtmann, Dr. J. G. de Cramer, and 
 W. H. Prescott, author of the " History of the 
 Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella," were added 
 to the list of Honorary Members. 
 
 The losses of 1848 were the two Archbishops, 
 Howley of Canterbury, and Vernon Harcourt of 
 York, and Sir David Pollock, Chief Justice of 
 Bombay. In this year the Rev. Dr. John 
 Jamieson, the last of the Royal Associates, also 
 disappears from the list. The second volume 
 of the second series of the Transactions was 
 published. Dr. Colquhoun's paper occupies 76 
 pages, and is illustrated by a map of the plain 
 of Troy and adjacent country, founded on the
 
 57 
 
 Admiralty surveys — an exploration since fol- 
 lowed with so much success by our illustrious 
 Honorary Fellow, Dr. Schliemann. The first of 
 a long series of valuable communications by 
 John Hogg, afterwards a Vice-President, also 
 appears here, " On the origin of the floral 
 ornaments, the Ionic volute, and the wave-line 
 of the ancient Greeks." Birch, Bonomi, and 
 Osburn write on Egyptian inscriptions ; Leake 
 on Greek inscriptions ; the President, Henry 
 Hallam, Henry Holland, Thomas Wright, and 
 George Burges on various subjects, bearing 
 upon classical and mediseval literature. 
 
 In 1849 Henry Hallam retired from the 
 Presidency, and was succeeded by Spencer 
 Joshua, Marquis of Northampton, President of 
 the Royal Society. Austen Henry Layard was 
 most worthily elected an Honorary Member. 
 The losses by death of the year were the Earl 
 of Carlisle and Professor Wm. Tennant, of 
 St. Andrews, 
 
 In the following year a large accession of
 
 58 
 
 Members — 25 in all — was obtained, and the 
 list of Honorary Members was enlarged by the 
 names of John Landseer, the Rev. Dr. Hincks, 
 Professor Karl Ritter of Berlin, the Due de 
 Luynes, George Finlay, Theodore Panofka of 
 Berlin, and Quaranta of Naples. Among the 
 deaths of the year was that of Louis Hayes 
 Petit, one of the Vice-Presidents. The third 
 volume of the Transactions was completed/ 
 It contains a memoir, 127 pages in length, by 
 Mr. J. L. Stoddart, on the inscribed pottery 
 of Rhodes, Cnidus, and other Greek cities ; two 
 remarkable specimens of ingenious restoration 
 of ancient manuscripts in the paper by Dr. E. 
 Hincks on the Turin book of Kings, and by 
 Churchill Babington on a Greek papyrus 
 belonging to Mr. A. C. Harris, and containing 
 fragments of the oration of Hyperides against 
 Demosthenes respecting the money of Har- 
 pahis ; a memoir, 140 pages in length, by Mr. 
 W. Martin Leake, Vice-President, on Syracuse; 
 two articles on Egyptian hieroglyphics, by
 
 59 
 
 Samuel Birch; and a paper by Mr. Hogg in 
 support of the theory of Lepsius that Mount 
 Serbal was the true Mount Sinai. The volume, 
 indeed, is an excellent one, containing nothing 
 unworthy of the reputation of the Society, and 
 much that was calculated to confirm and 
 enhance it. 
 
 The Anniversary of 1851 was marked by a 
 very heavy record of mortality. The Duke of 
 Cambridge, one of the Royal Fellows ; the 
 Marquis of Northampton, President ; the Duke 
 of Newcastle and Lord Bexley, Vice-Presi- 
 dents ; P. F. Tytler, Honorary Associate ; 
 Oounseller Macedo and Baron de Reiffenburg, 
 Honorary Members; and Henry Fitzmaurice 
 Hallam, son of a former President, with others, 
 were included in it. 
 
 On the other hand, the list of new Mem- 
 bers elected contained some noticeable names, 
 including three men destined to be Lord Chan- 
 cellors—Sir Wm. Page Wood, the Solicitor- 
 General, afterwards Lord Hatherley ; Richard
 
 60 
 
 Bethell, afterwards Lord Westbnry ; and 
 Hugh MacCalmont, afterwards Earl, Cairns ; 
 three men of high constructive skill — Robert 
 Stephenson, Thomas Grissell, and William 
 Cubitt ; two men who have since earned high 
 reputation in the Society's own special pro- 
 vince — Sir Henry Rawlinson and Sir Charles 
 T. Newton ; and one man who was himself to 
 be for many 37 ears the real guiding spirit of 
 the Society — William Sandys Wright Vaux. 
 The new President, elected in succession to 
 Lord Northampton, was G-eorge William 
 Frederick, Earl of Carlisle. At this meeting 
 it was announced that Dr. Richards' munifi- 
 cently meant bequest of £5,000 had at last 
 produced £1,692 only, which had been duly 
 invested. Among the presents to the library 
 had been a copy of his '' Summary of the Roman 
 Civil Law," from Dr. P. Colquhoun. The 
 Society, with a speedy recognition of talent 
 and the prospect of future usefulness, which 
 has in a singular manner marked its proceed-
 
 61 
 
 ings, elected W. S. W. Vaux a member of its 
 Council. 
 
 The obituary of 1852 included the Earl of 
 Clare ; Dr. John Lingard, Honorary Associate ; 
 and Isaac Cullimore and John Landseer, Hono- 
 rary Members. The new elections included a 
 name which remains with us in an honoured 
 place among our Vice-Presidents — Major (now 
 General Sir Colliugwood) Dickson, who adds 
 to his many claims to respect the rare 
 distinction of the Victoria Cross for valour 
 gained, as the official record puts it, by his 
 coolness a,nd contempt of danger while under 
 the enemy's fire at Sebastopol. Lopez de 
 Cordoba, Thiersch, and Lenormant were elected 
 Honorary Menjbers. On the I7th December, 
 1851, Dr. Colquhouu read a paper on the 
 topography of ancient Cyzicus, and on 18th 
 February, 1852, on Dr. Mordtmann's dis- 
 coveries of the sites of ancient cities in Asia 
 Minor. On April 14th, Vaux read his first 
 paper, which was on Col. Rawlin son's last
 
 62 
 
 discoveries in the interpretation of the Assyrian 
 inscriptions. In tliis year the Rev. R. Catter- 
 mole retired from the oflBce of Secretary, which 
 he had filled during the whole 29 years of the 
 Society's existence. Mr. Vaux was elected to 
 occupy his place, which he did for a period 
 equally long ; Dr. Patrick Colquhoun was 
 elected Librarian, and Mr. John Hogg, Foreign 
 Secretary. The number of Ordinary Members 
 was at this time 173, being a slight recovery 
 from that of 1839, but falling far short of the 
 hiofh-water mark of 1831. 
 
 The remarks of the new President, Lord 
 Carlisle, on the Members deceased during the 
 year were eloquent and interesting : — 
 
 In the discharge of a duty (he said) which is not 
 devoid of a melancholy gratification^ especially when 
 it is, as in this first instance, associated with the 
 recollections and the regrets of private friendship, I 
 have to mention the loss which the Society has 
 sustained by the death of the Earl of Clare. I am 
 not aware that he ever rendered any direct service to
 
 03 
 
 Hteratui-e beyoud that of an intelligent sympathy, of 
 which his frequent attendance upon the business of 
 this Institution was one of the indications. He was 
 educated at Harrow, and it at least falls within the 
 range of literary topics to advert to the impression 
 which his character, singularly little liable to change, 
 made, both there and later in life, on his distin- 
 guished schoolfellow Lord Byron. I am tempted to 
 refer you to a highly characteristic letter addressed 
 from Lord Clare, while at Harrow, to Lord Byron, 
 remonstrating with him on account of some supposed 
 change of manner. In the course of it he says, 
 " Though you do not let the boys bully me, yet if 
 you treat me unkindly, that is to me a great deal 
 worse." 
 
 This was in 1805. In 1821, Lord Byron writes of 
 him : — " Of all I have ever known, he has been the 
 least altered in everything from the excellent qualities 
 and kind affections which attached me to him so 
 strongly at school. I should hardly have thought it 
 possible for society (or the world as it is called) to 
 leave a being with so little of the leaven of the bad 
 passions." 
 
 It was truly one of those characters which the
 
 64 
 
 world spoils not. It combined a light-hearted, play- 
 ful, and most tender nature with a sense of justice, a 
 love of truth, a discrimination between rigbt and 
 wrong, which many a sterner disposition fails to 
 attain. Without any pretension of brilliant talents, 
 he possessed an union of intellectual and moral 
 qualities which made a better substitute for them. 
 He had a sound clear understanding, endowed in a 
 remarkable degree with the faculty of promptly 
 separating the main substance from the mere acces- 
 sories of a subject ; his moral courage was of a high 
 order, because his moral perceptions were acute and 
 sensitive. Peculiarly alive to the attractions of 
 society, to the pleasures of friendship and family 
 affections, and without the habits or temperament 
 which much courted public notice, he yet had oppor- 
 tunities of showing that he did not shrink from the 
 graver duties of existence. When he received, in 
 his mature life, the honourable appointment of 
 Governor of Bombay, he discharged its duties to the 
 unmixed satisfaction both of the Queen's Government 
 and the Directors of the East India Company, by 
 many of whom this feeling was conveyed to him, 
 even long after the termination of his Government, in
 
 65 
 
 the most emphatic manner. 1 should select, how- 
 ever, as the chief and crowning- praise of his career, 
 the manner in which he fulfilled and exemplified the 
 duties of a resident Irish landlord : my own past 
 official connection with Irehind, and I am happy on 
 this occasion to be able to appeal to still more recent 
 official experience close at hand (the Earl of Claren- 
 don), gives me the right to speak with something 
 of the authority of a witness on this point : his com- 
 modious and well-ordered mansion rose by the banks 
 of the spreading Shannon, but it was to his poorer 
 neighbours that he devoted his judicious, unpretend- 
 ing, unremitting care — he devoted his valued life, 
 since it was to a fever which he caught from his 
 attendance at an Irish workhouse during the un- 
 happy season of famine and pestilence that he owed 
 his premature grave. Neither in life nor in death 
 has his ill-fated country been as well served by some 
 of her moi-e ostentatious patriots. 
 
 The Society has lost during the year, Mr. Thomas 
 Hunt, who, educated at Cambridge, and intended for 
 the church, found himself impelled to devote the 
 energies of his whole life, if not to a very aspiring, at 
 least to a most considerate aim of benevolence — the 
 
 5
 
 66 
 
 relief of the distress occasioned by stamnieriDg. I 
 learn from authority of high professional eminence, 
 as well as from the attachment of his personal friends, 
 that his mode of treatment Avas attended with the 
 most distinguished success, and that to the poor 
 especially he was signally liberal and kind as an 
 instructor. 
 
 Mr. Isaac Cullimore, whose death has also been 
 recorded, was a native of Ireland, and had been 
 from early life much interested in literary pursuits; 
 latterly more especially in the investigation of 
 Egyptian and Assyrian antiquities. He displayed 
 much earnestness in examining astronomical data as 
 the foundation for his chronological conclusions. 
 He published a work called " Oriental Cylinders," 
 chiefly from the collections of the British Museum, 
 the late Duke of Sussex, Dr. Lee, Sir William 
 Ouseley, and Mr. Curzon. One hundred and seventy- 
 four cylinders are engraven in what has been already 
 published, and it was generally supposed that Mr. 
 Cullimore, if he had lived, would have continued the 
 series. 
 
 We have further to regret the loss of Mr. John 
 Landseer, who, in addition to his other claims to
 
 &1 
 
 honourable mention,, took several opportunities of 
 evincing his interest in the proceedings of this In- 
 stitution. I might appeal to the cast of the column 
 from Nineveh, now in our view, which he kindly pre- 
 sented. At two of our meetings he read Papers on 
 a celebrated Babylonian relic, preserved in the 
 Bibliotheque Royale at Paris, called the " Caillou de 
 Michaux." His view was that the representations on 
 the stone and the cuneiform inscriptions had an astro- 
 logical import, with which Colonel Rawlinson, who 
 was present at the time, was understood to concur. 
 In 1823, Mr. Landseer published a work entitled 
 " Sabaean Researches," in which it was thought that, 
 with a considerable admixture of doubtful matter, 
 several curious views were laid before the public. It 
 is well known that Mr. Landseer was an eminent en- 
 graver, and his instructions and taste probably con- 
 tributed much to the development of that genius in 
 his sons, which the world now acknowledges with 
 such fond admiration. 
 
 I must pause a moment longer on the name of the 
 Rev. Dr. Lingard. He died last July at the age of 
 82. He was born at Winchester and educated at 
 Douay. At the beginning of his literary career he
 
 68 
 
 published many controversial works, and an English 
 version of the New Testament. His principal pro- 
 ductions were the " Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon 
 Church/' and the " History of England " embracing 
 no inconsiderable span, from the first invasion of the 
 llomans to the year 1G88. That Dr. Liugard added 
 the merits of great industry and research to a clear 
 and unpretending style will hardly be disputed, when 
 we find it said of him by vSouthey, that he was full 
 of erudition ; by Hallam, that his acuteness and in- 
 dustry would raise him to a very respectable place 
 among our historians ; by Macaulay, that he was a 
 very able and well-informed writer, although they all 
 at the same time feel themselves constrained to 
 qualify their commendation by very directly ques- 
 tioning his title to the praise of impartiality, or free- 
 dom from religious and professional bias; the last- 
 named author, Mr. Macaulay, observes of him, that 
 his fundamental rule of judging seems to be, that 
 the popular opinion on an historical question cannot 
 possibly be correct. It certainly might enhance the 
 abstract truth and credit of history, if all who write 
 it could be perfectly free from any prepossessions or 
 preference, religious, political, or national ; but as
 
 69 
 
 such a result, while writers are human, is not to be 
 expected, and probably not to be desired ; it may be 
 well for the ultimate interests of historical truth, 
 that it should be approached from opposite quarters, 
 and viewed under conflicting aspects; that Grote 
 should succeed to Mitford, and that Hume should be 
 followed by Macaulay. It is said that Dr. Lingard 
 had the offer of the Cardinalate from Pope Leo XII., 
 and that he i*efused this high distinction from a wish 
 not to interrupt his historical labours. He appears 
 at any rate to have pursued his studies in modest 
 but not unsocial retirement, and, however rife the 
 controversial spirit may have been in his writings, it 
 would not seem to have infected his daily life. He 
 is said to have been singularly fond of animals, and 
 the Protestant clergyman of Hornby, in Lancashire, 
 where he spent the last forty years of his quiet and 
 lettered existence, after living with him in the con- 
 tinued interchange of neighbourly offices, when 
 dying, bequeathed his guinea-fowls and domestic pets 
 to Dr. Lingard, " because he knew that he would 
 take care of them." May we not permit ourselves 
 to fancy, without presumption, that such mild spirits, 
 when they meet hereafter, will think with gentle pity
 
 70 
 
 of some of the causes of difference mid division that 
 have separated them here. 
 
 In the year 1851-52 J. G. de Cramer, 
 Honorary Member, died, and his place was 
 supplied by the election of Prince John of 
 Saxony and Charles Roach Smith to the same 
 dignity. In 1853, Carl Seeman,Karl Fredericli 
 Elze, and Leopold Ranke were added to the 
 list. Vol. IV. of the second series of Trans- 
 actions was completed. Notable among the 
 deaths of Ordinary Members during the year 
 were G. S. Faber, Master of Sherburn Hospital, 
 and Bampton Lecturer of 1801, and W. H. 
 Mill, D.D., Regius Professor of Hebrew in the 
 University of Cambridge. 
 
 By April, 1855, Lord Carlisle, the President, 
 had become Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and 
 his place in the chair at the Anniversary 
 meeting was taken by Connop Thirlwall, 
 Bishop of St. David's, as one of the Vice- 
 Presidents. Dr. Hermann of Jena, and Vicomte
 
 71 
 
 de Rouge were announced as new Honorary 
 Members. 
 
 In this year the Society entered upon a new 
 development of its objects by appointing a 
 Professor of English Archaeology and History. 
 The gentleman selected for this duty was the 
 Rev. Henry Christmas, who delivered several 
 courses of lectures. The Society lost James 
 Montgomery from its roll of Honorary Asso- 
 ciates, and Cardinal Mai from its list of 
 Medallists and Honorary Members. 
 
 In 1856, Count A. T. de Cariel and M. Oppert 
 were elected Honorary Members. Among the 
 Members deceased were the Chevalier de 
 Colquhoun, father of Dr. Patrick Colquhoun. 
 The Bishop of St. David's deservedly succeeded 
 to the presidential chair, vacated by Lord 
 Carlisle, who continued to be Lord Lieutenant 
 of Ireland, and was therefore unable to attend 
 the meetings of the Society. 
 
 At the next Anniversary, however. Bishop 
 Thirlwall was himself unable to be present, and
 
 72 
 
 Mr. Bonjamin Austen acted on bis behalf. The 
 Society recorded the loss of Baron von Hammer 
 Purgstall, Honorary Member. 
 
 The new Honorary Members elected in 1857 
 were the Grand Duke of Oldenburg and Judge 
 Riccio, of Naples. One of the papers read 
 before the Society during the session (28th May, 
 1856) indicates, on the part of an active-minded 
 Member, an anticipation of the interest which 
 would in after years be so far exerted as to 
 cause the inauguration of a new science, and 
 the establishment of separate organisations for 
 its study. It was by Dr. Patrick Colquhoun, 
 " On the various races inhabiting the surface 
 of the globe, and on the causes to which their 
 differences have been ascribed by men of 
 learning." 
 
 An event worthy of record in this year is the 
 appointment of John Ayres to be clerk of the 
 Society, an office which lie filled until his 
 death. 
 
 The fifth volume of the Transactions now
 
 73 
 
 appeared, and in 1858 tlie first fruits of the 
 Richards' bequest were made mauifest by the 
 publication of the text of the MSS. of the 
 " Orations of Hyperides," which had formed 
 the subject of several learned communications 
 to this Society, and were now edited by the 
 Rev. Churchill Babington. The losses of that 
 year included Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort, a 
 distinguished geographer. 
 
 In 1859, the Society lost its Honorary 
 Members — the Rev. R. Cattermole, who had 
 been its first Secretary, and the Earl of Ripon 
 and Henry Hallam, past Presidents. It added 
 several worthy names to its list of Honorary 
 Members — Richard Owen, Horace Hayman 
 Wilson, Edward William Lane, Sylvain van de 
 Weyer, and Max Mliller. The last of these 
 names is still enrolled on our list. As the 
 anniversary address was written in the name 
 of the Bishop of St. David's, as President, but 
 he was unable to occupy the chair, it is not a 
 rash conjecture that by this time Mr. Vaux
 
 74 
 
 had commenced the practice, which, with a 
 rare modesty and self-restraint, he continued 
 during the whole course of his long term of 
 office as Secretary, of furnishing to the Presi- 
 dent and reading- in his name the complete 
 and instructive obituaries of deceased members, 
 and notices of papers read before the Society, 
 which are a special feature of our Annual 
 Reports. 
 
 In 1860, Birch, Conestabile, and Tischendorf 
 were added to the list of Honorary Members, 
 in place of Humboldt, Ritter, Lenormant, 
 and Staunton, deceased. The sixth volume 
 of Transactions was completed. Among its 
 important contents are a paper of 64 pages 
 by W. K. Loftus, on Warkah, its ruins and 
 remains ; a notice in the French language by 
 Lenormant on a monument of the Conquest of 
 Ptolemy Euergetes the Second ; sketches of 
 Kertch, its larger tumuli and some other re- 
 mains, by Mr. R. Thompson, described by Mr. 
 John Hogg ; a paper by Mr. Edmund Oldfield
 
 75 
 
 on the collection of antiquities bequeathed by 
 Sir William Temple to the British Museum ; 
 addresses by the President on the alleged 
 connection between the early history of Greece 
 and Assyria, and on some traditions relating 
 to the submersion of ancient cities ; a notice by 
 Mr. Hogg of the Annals of Granius Licinianus, 
 as contained in a palimpsest manuscript brought 
 from Egypt ; a sketch of the life of Biirger- 
 meister Wullenweber by Dr. Patrick Colqu- 
 lioun, and other valuable papers. 
 
 The deaths of the year included William 
 Martin Leake, one of the Society's founders, 
 and for many years a Vice-President. His 
 biography, written in the name of the Presi- 
 dent, but as I believe by the hand of Mr. Vaux, 
 may not improperly be inserted here. 
 
 He was a Lieutenant-Colonel of the Royal Artillery, 
 descended from an old Essex family, the Martins of 
 Thorpe Hall, near Colchester, who assumed the name 
 of Leake in 1721. He was horn in the year 1777, so 
 that at the time of his death he was in liis eighty-
 
 7& 
 
 second year. He was the son of J. Martin Leake, 
 Esq., and of Mary, the daughter of Peter Calvert of 
 Hadham. His grandfather was Stephen Martin 
 Leake, Garter King-at- Arras. He was educated at 
 Woolwich Academy^ and obtained his commission in 
 the Royal Artillery in 1794, commencing his active 
 career in the West Indies. He finally quitted the 
 army in 1823, on attaining the rank of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel. 
 
 In 1799 Captain Leake was appointed to a mission 
 for the purpose of instructing the Turks in the use 
 and practice of artillery, and proceeded to Constan- 
 tinople for that purpose. 
 
 In 1800 he was sent by the English Ambassador at 
 the Porte (Lord Elgin) to assist the Grand Vizier in 
 the defence of Southern Turkey against the French, 
 and, in company with General Koehler, he proceeded 
 with this object as far as Jaffa. On their way the 
 travellers traversed Asia Minor and visited Cyprus, 
 where they met Sir Sidney Smith, who had just 
 signed a treaty with the French for the evacuation 
 of Egypt. On this they returned to Constanti- 
 nople. When, however, that treaty was not ratified, 
 Captain Leake again started, joined the Grand
 
 77 
 
 Vizier, and took the opportunity of also visiting and 
 examining- a considerable portion of Syria and 
 Palestine. 
 
 In 1801 lie crossed the Desert and entered Egypt 
 in company with the Turkish army. On the subse- 
 quent surrender and capitulation of Alexandria, he 
 was ordered by Greneral Lord Hutchinson^ in com- 
 pany with Mr. W. R. Hamilton, at that time Private 
 Secretary to Lord Elgin, to travel through Upper 
 Egypt and to make a general survey of that country. 
 The results of this visit were, a map of Egypt, from 
 the cataracts to the sea, the determination of most 
 of the ancient sites, a description of all the more 
 important monuments which the travellers saw, 
 together with a multitude of other interesting details. 
 An account of this journey was published by Mr. 
 Hamilton in 1809, entitled " yEgyptiaca." 
 
 In 1802 Captain Leake again visited Syria and 
 made a survey of it, similar to that he had carried 
 out in Egypt. He then embarked for England, and 
 in the same vessel which Mr. Hamilton had procured 
 for the purpose of transporting to this country the 
 Elgin sculptures. As is well-known, this ship was 
 wrecked off the island of Cerigo, and Captain Leake
 
 78 
 
 and his brother travollur, Mr. Ilamiltuii, liad a uarrovv 
 escape for their lives. 
 
 In 1804 he was ordered to survey the coasts and 
 the interior of European Turkey, to examine the 
 state of its fortresses, and to point out to the native 
 chieftains the importance of strengthening them ; 
 and between this period and the end of 1806, he 
 was occupied almost entirely in making numerous 
 journeys through different parts of Northern Greece. 
 The war, however, between France and England, 
 stopped his travels in 1807, and he was for a while 
 detained as a prisoner of war. Shortly after, how- 
 ever, he escaped on board H.M.vS. "Thetis," Captain 
 Sir Arthur Paget, while lying in the harbour of 
 Salonica, and returned to England in 1808 for the 
 benefit of his health. In October of the same year 
 he was again sent by Mr. Secretary Canning to open 
 communication with the East ; and especially with 
 the celebrated Ali Pacha of Joanniua, and other of 
 the great feudatories of the Porte, with a view of 
 rousing them against the French, on which employ- 
 ment he was engaged till 1810. 
 
 In 1814 Lieutenant-Colonel Leake was appointed 
 as the English officer to attend on the army of the
 
 79 
 
 Swiss Coufecleration, uuder tlic conimaiid of the 
 Archduke John, and was acting in this capacity at 
 Berne until the close of the war. On this he re- 
 turned to England; and was not subsequently 
 engaged in any duties of a public nature. 
 
 From that time onwards almost to the very day 
 of his death, he devoted himself uniformly to what 
 had been the occupation of his earliest youth, the 
 illustration of the history and geography of ancient 
 Greece, bringing to bear on this subject those many 
 and careful surveys he had executed during his 
 residence in that country. Probably no one of the 
 present, or of any previous century, has shown so 
 lively an interest in the prosperity of the Greek 
 population, or has striven more earnestly to make 
 the somewhat careless rulers of European kingdoms 
 sensible of the really great qualities that the modern 
 inhabitants of those once classical lands possess. 
 The untiring friend of Greece in all her phases, the 
 undying enemy of the tyrants who have sapped her 
 strength or rejoiced in her weakness, there was no 
 name in Europe that deserved to be held so highly 
 in honour by the native population of Greece, as 
 did that of the late Colonel Leake ; it is, therefore,
 
 80 
 
 with niucli satisfaction I am able to state, tliat 
 the present Greek Minister at the court of St. 
 James's attended the funeral of Colonel Leake at his 
 own request, to show that, after so many years' 
 absence, his name was still remembered by the 
 people he had so long- and steadily endeavoured to 
 beuefit. Indeed, all Colonel Leake's writings ex- 
 hibit the same unwearying affection for the country 
 in which he had spent his earliest, I will not say the 
 happiest years. Our own Society will not readily 
 forget the indignation he expressed so late as 
 November, 1S59, in the last paper he communicated 
 to us, at " the German Government, which devoured 
 their borrowed resources, or spent them in objects of 
 no benefit to the nation," and which sent many 
 of these literary adventurers whom the illustrious 
 Bunsen has described as " young men of Germany who 
 make a reputation by doubting whatever has been 
 said before them," and whose object is not so mucli 
 truth as a Professorship. " One of these," added 
 Colonel Leake, "attained the object of his ambition 
 by attempting to prove that the Theseum of Athens 
 was improperly so called, and was in reality the 
 Temple of Mars. Another removed Port Phalerum
 
 81 
 
 to the eastern side of the Phaleric Bay^ thus totally 
 changing the position of the Phaleric Long Wall^ 
 and the course of all the Walls on the eastern side of 
 Athens." 
 
 Colonel Leake married^ iu 1838^ Elizabeth Wray, 
 the daughter of Sir Charles Wilkius and widow of 
 Mr. Marsden. He was member of many literary and 
 scientific societies, and was admitted to the Dilet- 
 tanti in 1815. He was a Fellow of the Royal 
 Society, Vice-President of this Society, an Honorary 
 Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin, 
 and a corresponding Member of the French Institute. 
 
 Colonel Leake has published the following works : 
 — 1. Researches in Greece, London, 8vo (1814) ; 
 2. The Topography of Athens, London, 8vo (1821), 
 with plates in 4to. — 2nd edition, 2 vols., London, 8vo 
 (1841) ; 3. Burckhardt's Travels in Nubia, Syria, 
 &c., 4to (1822) ; 4. Journal of a Tour in Asia Minor, 
 London, 8vo (1824); 5. Historical Outline of the 
 Greek Revolution, London, 12rao (1826) ; 6. The 
 Demi of Attica (1829) ; 7. Travels in the Morea, 
 3 vols., London, 8vo (1830) — with a Supplement, 
 entitled, Piloponnesiaca, London, 8vo (184G) ; 8. 
 Travels in Northern Greece, 4 vols., London, 8vo 
 
 6
 
 82 
 
 (1836) ; 9. Greece at the End of Twenty-three Years' 
 Protection, London, 8vo (1851) ; 10. Numisniata 
 Hellenica, London, 4to (1854) — with a Supplement 
 (1859) ; 11. On Some Disputed Questions of Ancient 
 Geography, London, 8vo (1857). 
 
 In 1800-61 Buusen and Horace Haymaii 
 Wilson, Honorary Members, died. The former 
 was a diplomatist and scholar of eminence, the 
 latter a learned professor of Sanscrit. Count 
 Gargallo Grrimaldi and Edwin Norris, Secretary 
 of the Royal Asiatic Society, were elected in 
 their places. 
 
 In 1861-62 the losses of Ordinary Members 
 included the Rev. Thomas Hartwell Home, a 
 man who, by his industry and talents, raised 
 himself from an inferior position in life to one 
 of acknowledged literary eminence and great 
 religious usefulness. 
 
 Dr. Reinhold Pauli, M. von Kohne, and 
 Count Serge von Stroganoff were elected 
 Honorary Members this year, and the Pasha
 
 83 
 
 of Egypt, M. Cliarma, and Prince Lucien 
 Bonaparte in the following year. 
 
 A curious incident of the year 1863 was the 
 exhibition at the Society's house on two morn- 
 ings in January of a collection of papyri 
 belonging to Mr. Mayer, of Liverpool, for 
 inspection by the learned. They had been 
 acquired by him from Constantine Simonides, 
 who attended to exhibit them ; but the judg- 
 ment of those who attended — among whom 
 were Madden, Birch, Bonomi, and Cureton — 
 was " decidedly adverse to their genuineness." 
 One papyrus was subjected to minute examina- 
 tion by a competent scholar, Mr. C. W. 
 Goodwin, and declared to be a rank forger}^, 
 probably of very recent date. 
 
 In 1864 Dean Hook was elected an Hono- 
 rary Member. In 1865 Hafn died, and the 
 Rev. Dr. H. S. McKee was elected. Professor 
 Tischendorf exhibited at an evening meet- 
 ine: and during;' two raornino:s the Codex 
 Frederico-Augustanus and facsimiles of the
 
 84 
 
 Codex Siuaiticiis. Several notable losses by 
 death of Ordinary Members oecurred this year, 
 viz.: — Cardinal Wiseman, Hudson Gurne}^, 
 the Earl of Carlisle, the Duke of Northumber- 
 land, and Archdeacon Burney. 
 
 In 1866 the Duke di Castel Brolo was 
 elected an Honorary Member. In 1867 the 
 Rev. Dr. Edward Hincks, Honorary Member, 
 died, and his place was supplied by Sir J. 
 Madden. In 1868 Quaranta, a distinguished 
 Italian archaeologist, died, and Tributien and 
 van Bodenstedt were elected. Among the 
 deaths of 1 870 were Thomas Watts, Honorary 
 Member; John Hogg, Vice-President; and 
 James Hunt, Foreign Secretary. The latter 
 was son of Thomas Hunt, referred to in a 
 previous obituary, and was the founder of the 
 Anthropological Society of London, and a 
 man of prodigious energy and contagious 
 enthusiasm. He was seized with fatal illness 
 at a meeting of the British Association. 
 
 Mr. Hoffo" had contributed not less than
 
 85 
 
 twenty-seven papers to the Transactions of 
 the Society. 
 
 Amongst the losses of 1871 are Edward 
 Foss, Thomas Fnller, Sir Frederick Pollock, 
 and Bolton Corney. 
 
 In 1874-75 the Society lost no fewer than 
 six of its Honorary Members, the King of 
 Saxony, Van de Weyer, Gnizot, Finlay, 
 Tischendorf, and McKee. The first three 
 were as much distinguished statesmen as 
 literary men. 
 
 In 1876, Dr. Connop Thirl wall, the President, 
 who had for a few years retired from the 
 Bishopric of St. David's, died. In consequence 
 the address this year is that of the Council, 
 and not of the President. It was, in fact, as 
 all Presidential addresses had then been for 
 many years, written by Mr. Vaux. It con- 
 tains the following biography of the Bishop. 
 
 Connop Thirlwalh D.D., late Bishop of St. David's, 
 and President of this Societj", was horn in the Parish 
 of Stepney, London, on Febrnar}- 11, 1797. In very
 
 86 
 
 early life lie was distinguished for fi rapid acquire- 
 ment of knowledge far beyond that of ordinary 
 schoolboys, and for an accuracy of memory that fore- 
 shadoAved the deep and varied learning of his later 
 days. A very curious little book is still extant, 
 entitled " Primitiw, or Essays and Poems on vai-ious 
 subjects, by C. T., eleven years of age, with a preface 
 by his father, T. Thirlwall, the Vicar of Bowers 
 Clifford, Co. Essex, London, 1809." This book con- 
 tains much matter of high promise, and is by no 
 means a compilation merely due to parental love or 
 vanity. It is really one of the very rare illustrations 
 of a precocious child, who grew into the man of 
 strong clear brain and retained his faculties till old 
 age. 
 
 Bishop Thirlwall's first public education was at the 
 Charter House; after which he went to Trinity Col- 
 lege, Cambridge, and, there, soon showed of what 
 mettle he was made. Thus, in 1815, he won the 
 Craven and Bell Scholarships, and in 1818 was Senior 
 Chancellor's Medallist and 22nd Senior Optime, 
 besides obtaining a Fellowship at Trinity. For the 
 next ten years lie remained chiefly at Trinity, as 
 College Tutor, and helping his friends Whewell and
 
 87 
 
 Julius Hare to edit the "Museum I'hilologicum." 
 In 1825, he was called to the Bar, but did not, we 
 believe, practise, and in 1828, was ordained, and 
 shortly afterwards presented to the Vicarage of 
 Kirby Underdale, Yorkshire, where he resided for 
 the greater part of the period from that date till his 
 consecration as Bishop of St. David's, in 1840. 
 
 During his quiet residence in this Yorkshire parish, 
 Bishop Thirlwall found ample time for the literary 
 work with which his name is so honourably associated 
 — the " History of Greece,^' originally published in 
 eight vols, of "Lardner's Encyclopaedia," 1835 to 
 1847; a work which, after thirty-five years of busy 
 research, and, after Mr. Grote and Dr. Curtius have 
 given their lives to the same task, is not, and is not 
 likely to be, superseded or obsolete. A little while 
 before he took orders he translated and published 
 anonymously Schleiermacher's " Life of St. Luke," 
 adding to it a preface which was supposed to repre- 
 sent the translator's own views. That they were 
 much in advance of the then current of opinion, may 
 be readily imagined, and it is also certain that views 
 were therein put forward very little consonant Avith 
 what was then held to be English orthodoxy. The
 
 88 
 
 workj however^ caused less sensation at tliat time 
 than it would have produced now^ though to some 
 extent foreshadowinn- the views of " Ecco Homo/' 
 chiefly because, eight or nine and forty years ago, 
 the periodical literature, now so abundant, can 
 scarcely be said to have commenced. It was during 
 the same early period that he and his friend Hare 
 accomplished the great work of the translation of 
 Niebuhr's Roman History; and well it was for the 
 great German that he found men in England com- 
 petent and willing to undertake a duty so laborious. 
 In the letters of Niebuhr, published by Professor 
 Donaldson in the Journal of Classical Philology, we 
 see what a narrow escape he had of having his history 
 handed over to a common translator, or, as Donaldson 
 calls him, " traducer," or of having it cut down and 
 epitomised to satisfy the wants of a greedy or needy 
 publisher. It is not too much to say that, in these 
 works, Thirlwall and his friends (one only of them is 
 left. Professor Maiden) did more than anyone else to 
 break through the narrow scholarship of Person and 
 Dobree, and to introduce PJnglish readers to those 
 great continental scholars, who, before the Peace of 
 i815, had been scarcely heard of in this country.
 
 89 
 
 On his appointment to the Bishopric of St. David's^ 
 Bishop Thirl wall rightly considered, that his first 
 duty was to the clergy and people over whom he had 
 been placed. Hence, we have but few contributions 
 from his pen, except on subjects, like his Triennial 
 Charges, of an ecclesiastical character or for an 
 ecclesiastical purpose. He, however, wrote an inau- 
 gural address for the Philosophical Institution of 
 Edinburgh, in 1861, and a paper "On the advan- 
 tages of Litei-ary and Scientific Institutions for all 
 Classes," in 1851, and contributed two papers printed 
 in the 6th volume of our Transactions : — 
 
 1. On the Alleged Connection between the Early 
 History of Greece and Assyria; read 20th May, 
 1857. 
 
 2. On Some Traditions relating to the Submersion 
 of Ancient Cities; read 17th May, 1858. 
 
 In the Museum Philologicum, also Vol. i., 1832, are 
 four Papers by him: — 1. On the Samian AnicfEus ; 
 2. On Kruse's Hellas; 3. On Philip of Theangela; 4. 
 On Xenophon, Niebuhr, and Delbriick. 
 
 As a Member of the Episcopal Bench, Bishop 
 Thirlwall did not often take a public part in the 
 proceedings of the House of Lords ; but, in 1869^ he
 
 90 
 
 made a memorable speech in favour of tlie abolition 
 of the Irish Church, beino- one of the few Prelates 
 who supported Mr. Gladstone's measure. During 
 the revision of the Bible, Bishop Thirlwall played an 
 active part, and, from his great learning, judicial 
 calmness of mind, and profound knowledge of 
 Hebrew, was, no doubt, one of the most efficient 
 Members of the Committee who have been so long 
 sitting in the Jerusalem Chamber. Since 1870, 
 however, infirmities came upon him so rapidly that, 
 on the passing of the Bishops' Resignation Bill, he 
 foil; it his duty, as did also Bishop Sumner, to give 
 up his Bishopric. Since that period he has lived at 
 Bath, where he died, at the age of 78, on 27th July, 
 1875. He was buried in Westminster Abbey on 
 Tuesday, 3rd August, 1875. 
 
 By the will of Mr. Henry Dircks, C.E., 
 Fellow of the Society, a sum of £820 was 
 bequeathed to it. On the other hand, the 
 hopes the Society entertained of being able 
 to build a College in lieu of the House at 
 St. Martin's Place, which it had had to sur- 
 render to the Government for the purpose of
 
 91 
 
 the enlargement of the National Gallery, were 
 frustrated. The Society having spent all its 
 available capital in acquiring the site, found it 
 had no funds for erecting the building, and 
 accordingly the site itself had to be disposed of 
 at a loss, and the Society has since had to be a 
 lodger instead of a proprietor. 
 
 On the lOtli July, 187G, H.R.H. The Prince 
 Leopold, K.(t., K.T., was first elected an 
 Ordinary Member and then President of the 
 Society. This amiable and accomplished 
 Prince was known to have had an especial 
 love for literature, and it was with great 
 gratification that the Society by electing him 
 President marked its respect for the Royal 
 Family and added one more to the links of 
 close association with the Crown which the 
 Society had enjoyed since its foundation by 
 George IV. The new President took the 
 chair at the Anniversary on 25th April, 1877, 
 and delivered the customary address. He 
 was created Duke of Albany on May 24th,
 
 92 
 
 1881, and (lied on March 28th, 1884, to the 
 o'reat loss and resrvet of tlie Sociotv, as well 
 as of Her Majesty and the country at large. 
 
 The office of President then devolved upon 
 Sir Patrick Colquhoun, whose tenure of office 
 terminated by his death on the 18tli May, 
 1891, after an illness of about four days. He 
 had presided at a meeting of the Council the 
 very day before his seizure. The following 
 admirable description of Sir Patrick was con- 
 tributed by Mr. Ames, now Secretary of the 
 Society, to the " Eagle " (Vol. xvi, No. 95), a 
 review published at St, John's College, Cam- 
 bridge : — 
 
 Sir Patrick was rather below the middle height ; 
 his white hair and refined face gave him an interest- 
 ing and venerable appearance. Physically lie was a 
 very strong man, a worthy descendant of a hardy 
 race. His frame, trained in youth in athletic exer- 
 cises, as many a trophy of his skill and endurance 
 testifies, seemed able to defy all weathers. It was 
 curious to see the London lawyer, living in chambers,
 
 93 
 
 exhibiting the hardiness of tlie old liig-hhinders. He 
 never wore flaunel^ nor overcoat, nor gloves, and his 
 umbrella, as he persisted in declaring, had been stolen 
 by a bishop. For some years he had been lame and 
 leaned upon his stick, but this he treated as a subject 
 for jocularity. His humour was abundant and his 
 wit often suggested that of Voltaire. One of the 
 most noteworthy features of Sir Patrick was the 
 perennial freshness of his mind. He retained to the 
 last the faculty, most characteristic of youth, but 
 always adding a grace to old age, of being easily 
 pleased. Cheerfulness and a most winning amiability 
 among his friends, to whom he was heroically faith- 
 ful, were yet associated with a wonderful power of 
 vigorous declamation and pungent satire towards his 
 opponents. His manner and conversation possessed 
 the charm of simplicity and homely allusion, which 
 immediately placed younger and less accomplished 
 men at their ease with him. If among the vulgar, 
 who take men at their own valuation, this pleasant 
 and easy freedom ever diminished the respect to 
 which his learning, abilities, and position justly 
 entitled him, the fact would not escape his observa- 
 tion, for among his many gifts must be reckoned a
 
 94 
 
 keen penetration and power of discriminating 
 character. Although Sir Patrick attached to him- 
 self an unusually wide circle of devoted friends, his 
 manner did not encourage any manifestation of affec- 
 tion ; but on the occasion, a month before he died, 
 when it was discovered that the report of his death 
 in the papers was not true, he was deeply touched in 
 finding how much he was beloved, and declared that 
 the novel experience of heai'ing of his own death was 
 worth having, when it served to discover liis real 
 friends. But as a rule it was in speaking of him, 
 rather than in his presence, that any demonstrative 
 expressions of the esteem in which he was held 
 would be used. His sarcasm and occasional brusque- 
 ness, though he was usually a most courteous gentle- 
 man, would not appear inviting to the mere acquaint- 
 ance, and made some a little afraid of him ; but 
 those who enjoyed the privilege of intimacy knew 
 well that underlying this exterior was a warm heai't, 
 keenly sensitive to and appreciative of affection, and 
 indeed some of the kindest words and acts that have 
 ever lightened the burden of life will be remembered 
 in connection with Patrick Colquhoun. 
 
 But nothing could be farther from the truth than to
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 95 
 
 repieseut him as oue of those placid amiabilities^ 
 whose tranquility nothing can disturb. He threw 
 his whole energies into everything that he did, and 
 was vehement alike in advocating all he cared for 
 and in denouncing all he despised. I am afraid he 
 had a difficulty in forgiving : " Oh ! I am a good 
 hater," he said on one occasion when an old friend 
 remonstrated with him on some extravagance of 
 expression. But his faults make a slender list, and 
 arise out of an original and robust character that 
 must be judged by nobler and more generous 
 standards than the cheap moral commonplaces of the 
 " man in the street." 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Halsbury, Lord High 
 Chancellor, was elected President in succes- 
 sion to Sir P. Colquhoun. 
 
 In 1886, Mr. Charles Mansfield Ingleby, 
 LL.D., a learned and enthusiastic com- 
 mentator on Shakespeare and our early 
 dramatists, died. Li him the Society lost 
 a Vice-President, who had, from his first 
 connection with it, taken a most zealous
 
 96 
 
 and active interest in the promotion of its 
 welfare. 
 
 In 1885, Mr. William Sandys Wright Vanx, 
 M.A., F.R S., the Society's second Secretary, 
 retired from office on account of failing health, 
 and died on June 20th in tLiat year. For the 
 30 years of his tenure of office, he had been 
 the embodiment and representative of the 
 Society, and was greatly esteemed by all the 
 Members of the Council. He was succeeded 
 by Mr. Edward Gilbert Highton, M.A., who 
 held office till the Anniversary of 1890, when 
 Mr. Edward William Brabrook was elected. 
 He retired after one year's service only, and 
 Mr. Percy Willoughby Ames, the present able 
 and accomplished Secretary of the Society, 
 was appointed in his place. Their colleague, 
 Mr. C. H. E. Carmichael, M.A., during his 
 tenure of office as Foreign Secretary from the 
 year 1883 to his death in 1895, rendered great 
 service to the Society and the cause of htera- 
 ture by acting as delegate for the Society at
 
 97 
 
 numerous congresses in various countries, and 
 by his annual reports on the state of foreign 
 literature. 
 
 The following publications have been issued 
 by the Society in addition to those already 
 mentioned : — 
 
 Fasti Monastic! ^vi Saxonici, au Alphabetical 
 List of Heads of Religious Houses in England 
 previous to the Norman Conquest, by Walter de 
 Gray Birch. London, 8vo, Taylor and Co., 1872. 
 
 Li Chantari di Lancellotto, a Troubadour^s Poem, 
 edited from a manuscript in the possession of 
 the R. S. L. by Walter de Gray Birch. London, 
 8vo, Murray, 1874. 
 
 Inquisitio Comitatiis Cantabrigiensis, by N. E. S. A. 
 Hamilton. Loudon, 4to, Murray, 1876. 
 
 Chronicon Adai de Usk, A.D. 1377-1404. Edited, 
 with translation, by E. Maunde Thompson. 
 London, 8vo, Murray, 1876. 
 
 Common Place-book of -John Milton, autotyped 
 from original MS. in possession of Sir Fred. U. 
 Graham, Bart., with an Introduction by A. .J. 
 Horwood, Barrister-at-Law. London, 4to, 1876. 
 
 7
 
 98 
 
 Discourses of Philoxenus, Bishop of Marbogh, 
 A.D. 485-519. Edited from Syriac MSS. of 
 the 6th and 7th centuries in the British Museuin, 
 Avith an English translation, by E. A, Wallis 
 Budge, Litt.D. Vol. I, the Syriac text. Vol. II, 
 introduction, translation, &c. London, 8vo, 
 Asher and Co., 1894. 
 
 The Mirror of the Sinful Soul, a prose translation 
 from the French of a poem by Queen Margaret 
 of Navarre, made in 1544 by the Princess Eliza- 
 beth, reproduced in facsimile, with an intro- 
 duction and notes by P. W. Ames, F.S.A. 
 London, 8vo, Asher and Co., 1897.
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Acland, Sir Thomas 
 
 6 
 
 Albert, Prince Consort 
 
 
 . 45 
 
 Alison, Rev. Archibald 
 
 
 . 23 
 
 Ames, Percy Willoughby 
 
 
 92, 96, 98 
 
 Austen, Benjamin 
 
 
 . 72 
 
 Ayres, John 
 
 
 . 72 
 
 Baber, Rev. Henry Hervey . 
 
 
 . 6, 7 
 
 Babington, Rev. Churchill . 
 
 
 58,73 
 
 Barrington, Bishop of Durham 
 
 
 7 
 
 Barton, Bernard . 
 
 
 22 
 
 Beaufort, Sir Francis 
 
 ■ 
 
 56, 73 
 
 Belfour, J. 
 
 
 . 52 
 
 Belmore, Earl 
 
 
 18 
 
 Bexiey, Lord 
 
 
 7, 18, 59 
 
 Bilderdijk, Mons. . 
 
 
 24, 27 
 
 Birch, Samuel 
 
 
 57, 59, 74, 83 
 
 Birch, Walter de Gray 
 
 
 . 97 
 
 Blomfield, Bishop of London 
 
 
 6 
 
 Bloomfield, Sir Benjamin . 
 
 
 3 
 
 Bodenstedt (Van) . 
 
 
 . 84 
 
 Boeckh, Augustus 
 
 
 46 
 
 Bonaparte, Prince Lucien . 
 
 
 . 83
 
 100 
 
 Bonomi, Joseph 
 Bowdler, Thomas . 
 Brabrook, Edward William 
 Brayley, Edward Wedlake 
 Brittoii, John 
 Brondsted, Herr . 
 Budge, E. A. Wallis 
 Bunsen, Baron 
 Burges, George 
 Burgess, Bishop of Salisbui 
 Burney, Archdeacon 
 Bui-ton, Decimus . 
 Byerley, Sir John 
 Byron, Lord 
 
 Cairns, Earl 
 Cambridge, Duke of 
 Card, Dr. Henry . 
 Cariel, Count A. T. de 
 Carlisle, Sixth Earl of 
 Cai-lisle, Seventh Earl of 
 Carmichael, C. H. E. 
 Carr, Bishop of Chichester 
 Carrington, Lord . 
 Cary, Rev. H. 
 Castel Brolo. Duca di 
 Cattermole, Rev. Richard 
 Champollion, Mons. 
 Chantrey, Sir Francis 
 Charma, Mons. 
 Christmas, Rev. Henry 
 
 3, 6, 18, 2 
 
 46, 
 
 5, 20, 28, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 57,83 
 11 
 96 
 19 
 19 
 54 
 98 
 
 80, 82 
 57 
 
 41,43 
 84 
 27 
 41 
 63 
 
 60 
 7,59 
 55 
 71 
 6, 18, 57 
 U, 62, 70, 71, 84 
 96 
 18 
 18 
 22 
 84 
 6, 62, 73 
 24, 27 
 . 6,54 
 . 83 
 71
 
 101 
 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Clare, Earl 
 
 
 18, 61, 62 
 
 Clarence, Duke of . 
 
 
 7 
 
 Clarendon, Earl . 
 
 
 18,65 
 
 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 
 
 8, 12, 
 
 15, 21, 30 
 
 Colquhoun, Chevalier de 
 
 
 . 71 
 
 Colquhoun, Sir Patrick 
 
 55, 56, 60, 61, 62, 
 
 72, 75, 92 
 
 Combe, Taylor 
 
 
 6 
 
 Conestabile, 11 Conte G. 
 
 
 . 74 
 
 Corney, Bolton 
 
 
 . 85 
 
 Coxe, Archdeacon 
 
 
 16 
 
 Crabbe, George 
 
 . 16 
 
 19, 22, 27 
 
 Cramer, Dr. J. G. de 
 
 
 56, 70 
 
 Croly, Rev. George 
 
 
 6, 19, 22 
 
 Crombie, Dr. Alexander 
 
 
 . 53 
 
 Cubitt, William . 
 
 
 . 60 
 
 Culliraore, Isaac . 
 
 
 46, 61, 66 
 
 Cumming, James . 
 
 
 6 
 
 Cureton, George . 
 
 
 . 83 
 
 Davies, Rev. Edward 
 
 
 8, 13, 17 
 
 De la Fite, H. 
 
 
 . 27 
 
 Dickson, Sir Collingwood 
 
 
 . 61 
 
 Dircks, Henry 
 
 
 . 90 
 
 Dover, Lord 
 
 
 26, 28, 29 
 
 Drake, Dr. Nathan 
 
 
 . 23 
 
 Duppa, Richard . 
 
 
 . 23 
 
 Ellis, Hon. G. Agar 
 
 
 6 
 
 Elze, Karl Frederick 
 Emnaon. William 
 
 
 . 70 
 6
 
 102 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Faber, G. S. . 
 
 70 
 
 Finlay, George 
 
 53, 58, 85 
 
 Fosbroke, Rev. T. D. 
 
 . 23 
 
 Foss, Edward 
 
 . 85 
 
 Freeling, Sir Francis 
 
 41, 41- 
 
 Frere, J. Hookliam 
 
 . 55 
 
 Fuller, Thomas 
 
 . 85 
 
 George IV, King . 
 
 3. 17, 30 
 
 Gerhardt, Dr. E. . 
 
 . 46 
 
 Gleig, Bishop 
 
 . 23 
 
 Goderich, Viscount 
 
 . 18 
 
 Goodwin, C. W. . 
 
 . 83 
 
 Gray, Bishop of Bristol 
 
 7, 18, 40 
 
 Grenville, Lord 
 
 6, 18, 30 
 
 Grey, Rev. G. F. . 
 
 . 52 
 
 Grimaldi, Count Gargallo . 
 
 . 82 
 
 Grissell, Thos. 
 
 . 60 
 
 Guizot, Mons. 
 
 46, 85 
 
 Gurney, Hudson . 
 
 . 84 
 
 Halford, Sir Henry 
 
 . 54 
 
 Haliam, Henry 
 
 17, 19, 54,57,68, 73 
 
 Hallam, Henry Fitzmaurice 
 
 . 59 
 
 Halliwell, J. 0. . 
 
 . 54 
 
 Halsbury, Lord 
 
 95 
 
 Hamilton, N. E. S. A. 
 
 . 97 
 
 Hamilton, W. R. . 
 
 11, 52, 5i, 77, 78 
 
 Hammer-Purgstall (von) Baron 
 
 24, 72 
 
 Hatherley, Lord . 
 
 . 59 
 
 Hermann, Dr. . 
 
 . 70
 
 103 
 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Highton, Edward Gilbert . 
 
 
 . 96 
 
 Hincks, Rev. E. . 
 
 
 58,84 
 
 Hoai'e, Prince 
 
 
 . 7,40 
 
 Hogg, Jolin . . .54, 
 
 57, 59, 62, 74, 
 
 75,84 
 
 Holland, Henry . 
 
 
 . 57 
 
 Hook, Dean 
 
 
 . 83 
 
 Home, Rev. Thos. Hartwell 
 
 
 19,82 
 
 Horvvood, A. J. . 
 
 
 . 97 
 
 Howley, Archbishop of Canterbury . 
 
 
 18,56 
 
 Humbert, Rev. J. . 
 
 
 . 24 
 
 Humboldt, Alexander von . 
 
 
 24, 74 
 
 Hunt, James 
 
 
 . 84 
 
 Hunt, Thomas 
 
 
 65,84 
 
 Impey, Archibald E. 
 
 
 . 6,27 
 
 Ingleby, Chas. Mansfield 
 
 
 . 95 
 
 Irving, Washington 
 
 
 . 17 
 
 Jacob, William 
 
 
 . 23 
 
 James, G. P. R. . 
 
 
 . 19 
 
 Jamieson, Rev. John 
 
 . 8, 13, 
 
 15,56 
 
 Jebb, Bishop of Limerick . 
 
 
 18,30 
 
 Jerdan, William 
 
 
 . 7, 19 
 
 Johnstone, Sir Alexander . 
 
 
 6 
 
 Kenyon, Lord 
 
 
 . 18 
 
 Knighton, Sir William 
 
 
 5 
 
 Kohne, Baron von 
 
 
 . 82 
 
 Landseer, John 
 
 Lane, Edward William 
 
 58, 
 
 61, 66 
 . 73
 
 104 
 
 Lansdowne, Marquis of 
 Law, Bishop of Bath and W 
 Layard, Austen Henry 
 Leake, Col. William Martin 
 Lee, Rev. Samuel . 
 Leider, Rev. R. T. 
 Lemon, Robert 
 Lenormant, Mons. 
 Leopold, Prince 
 Lepsius, K. R. 
 Letronne, Mons. . 
 Lingard, Dr. John 
 Loftus, W. K. 
 Lopez de Cordoba, Sig. 
 Luynes, Due de 
 
 Macaulay, Lord 
 Macedo, Counsellor 
 Mackintosh, Sir James 
 Madden, Sir J. 
 Magee, Archbishop 
 Mai, Angelo 
 Malcolm, Sir John 
 Malthus, Rev. T. R. 
 Manners-Sutton, Arclibishc 
 Mathias, T. J. 
 Mayer, Joseph 
 McKee, Rev. H. S. 
 Meyer, Herr 
 Mill, W. H. 
 Miller, George 
 
 ills 
 
 p of Can 
 
 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 
 
 
 . 6, 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 18, 
 
 55 
 
 57 
 
 
 6, 52, 
 
 57, 
 
 58, 
 
 61, 
 
 24, 
 
 75 
 23 
 46 
 40 
 74 
 91 
 46 
 52 
 
 
 
 23, 
 
 61, 
 
 . 6, 
 83 
 23 
 
 67 
 74 
 61 
 
 58 
 
 68 
 59 
 
 28 
 84 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 24 
 23 
 
 71 
 30 
 
 . 8, 12, 1 
 
 3, 15, 
 
 20 
 
 36 
 
 39 
 
 terljury 
 
 
 
 IS 
 
 56 
 
 
 . 8 
 
 13 
 
 19 
 
 83 
 
 40 
 83 
 85 
 24 
 70 
 23
 
 105 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Millingen, James . 
 
 8, 13, 15, 52, 55 
 
 Mitchell, Thomas . 
 
 . 23 
 
 Mitford, William . 
 
 . 9, 24 
 
 Montgomery, James 
 
 23, 71 
 
 Montmoi-res, Lord 
 
 18, 54 
 
 Mordtmann, Dr. . 
 
 . 56 
 
 Miiller, Carl Gottfried 
 
 46, 53 
 
 Miiller, F. Max 
 
 .73 
 
 Munster, Earl 
 
 . 18 
 
 Murray, John 
 
 . 54 
 
 Nares, Archdeacon 
 
 . 6, 11, 19, 52 
 
 Newcastle, Duke of 
 
 7, 18, 59 
 
 Newton, Sir Charles T. 
 
 . 60 
 
 Nichols, John Bowyer 
 
 . 19 
 
 Nolan, Rev. F. 
 
 17,52 
 
 Norris, Edwin 
 
 . 82 
 
 Northampton, Marquis of . 
 
 57, 59 
 
 Northumberland, Duke of . 
 
 19, 84 
 
 Nott, G. F. 
 
 . 54 
 
 Oldenburg, Grand Duke of . 
 
 . 72 
 
 Oldfield, Edmund . 
 
 . 74 
 
 Olenine (d'), Mons. 
 
 . 41 
 
 Oppert, Mons. 
 
 . 71 
 
 Osburn, W. 
 
 . 57 
 
 Ouseley, Sir Gore . 
 
 . 6, 55 
 
 Ouseley, Sir Wm. . 
 
 8, 11, 15, 20, 28, 54, 66 
 
 Owen, Sir Richard 
 
 . 73 
 
 Panofka, Theodore 
 
 . 58 
 
 Parsons, Rev. James 
 
 23, 56
 
 106 
 
 Pauli, Dv. Reinhold 
 Penn, Granville 
 Percy, Bishop of Carlisle 
 Petit, Louis Hayes 
 Pollock, Sir David 
 Pollock, Sir Frederick 
 Polwhele, Rev. Richard 
 Pratt, John Tidd . 
 Prescott, W. H. . 
 Prosser, Archdeacon 
 
 Quaranta, Sen. 
 
 Rafn, Carl Christian 
 Ranke, Leopold 
 Rask, R. K. 
 Rawlinson, Sir Henry 
 Raynouard, F. J. M. 
 Rees, Rev. Abraham 
 Reiffenburg, Baron de 
 Rennell, James 
 Riccio, Jndge 
 Richards, Rev. G. . 
 Rip on, Earl 
 Ritter, Prof. Karl . 
 Roscoe, William . 
 Rouge, Vicomte de 
 Rutland, Duke of . 
 
 Salt, Henry 
 Saxony, King of . 
 Schlegel, A. W. von 
 
 28 
 
 PAGE 
 
 . 82 
 8, 53, 55 
 . 18 
 28,58 
 . 56 
 
 85 
 . 23 
 
 19 
 
 . 56 
 
 7 
 
 58,84 
 
 46, 
 
 60, 
 
 14, 
 
 7, 41, 43, 
 29, 30, 41. 46, 51, 54, 
 58, 
 9, 13, 16, 20, 
 
 7,18, 
 
 . 24 
 70,85 
 24,52
 
 107 
 
 Schliemann, Dr. . 
 Schweigliauser, John 
 Scott, Sir Walter . 
 Seeman, Carl 
 Shrewsbviry, Earl . 
 Silvestre de Sacy, Baron 
 Simonides, Constantine 
 Smith, Charles Roach 
 Southey, Robert . 
 Sparke, Bishop of Ely 
 Staunton, Sir G. T. 
 Stephenson, Robert 
 Stewart, Dugald . 
 Stoddart, J. L. 
 Stroganoff, Count Serge von 
 Sumner, Bishop of Winchester 
 Sussex, Duke of . 
 
 Tennant, Prof. William 
 
 Tenterden, Baron . 
 
 Thiers, A. 
 
 Thiersch, Mons. 
 
 Thirlwall, Bishop of St. David's 
 
 Thompson, E. Maunde 
 
 Tierney, Sir Matthew 
 
 Tischendorf, Prof. . 
 
 Todd, Rev. H. J. . 
 
 Tomlinson, Rev. G. 
 
 Tooke, William 
 
 Townshend, John . 
 
 Tributien, G. S. . 
 
 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 83 
 
 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 1 
 
 8, 23, 
 
 32, 
 
 54, 
 
 18, 
 24, 
 
 . 7 
 54 
 
 68 
 40 
 74 
 60 
 16 
 58 
 82 
 18 
 66 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 6, 
 
 19 
 
 28 
 46 
 61 
 
 56, 7 
 
 0, 71, 
 
 73, 
 
 75 
 
 ,85 
 97 
 55 
 
 
 
 74, 
 
 83 
 
 ,85 
 
 
 . 9 
 
 12, 
 
 15 
 
 ,55 
 53 
 46 
 19 
 
 84
 
 108 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Turner, Sharon 
 
 9, 10, 15, 56 
 
 Tytler, Patrick Fraser 
 
 23,59 
 
 Valpy, Dr. Richard 
 
 41 
 
 Vaux, William Sandys Wright . 60, 61, 6 
 
 2, 73, 75, 85, 96 
 
 Vernon-Harcourt, Archbishop of York 
 
 18,56 
 
 Victoria, Queen 
 
 . 45 
 
 Villiers, J. C. . 
 
 6 
 
 Watts, Thomas 
 
 . 84 
 
 Way, Rev. Lewis . 
 
 7 
 
 Westbury, Lord . 
 
 . 60 
 
 Westreenen van Tiellandt (VanV 
 
 41 
 
 Weyer, Sylvain Van de 
 
 73,85 
 
 Wheatley, Sir H. . 
 
 . 45 
 
 Wilkins, Charles . 
 
 14,24 
 
 Wilkinson, J. G. . 
 
 . 24 
 
 William IV, King 
 
 . 45 
 
 Wilson, Horace Hayman 
 
 73,82 
 
 Wiseman, Cardinal 
 
 24,84 
 
 Wordsworth, William 
 
 32,34 
 
 Wrigbt, Thomas . 
 
 51, 54, 57 
 
 York, Duke of . 
 
 7 
 
 Yorke, C. P. 
 
 30,52 
 
 Young, Dr. Thomas 
 
 16, 17, 24 
 
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