S OF b LUA HOLLISTER. 7 O~\S\jL*JsC(^-*~ THE EVOLUTION OF DODD'S SISTER. THE EVOLUTION OF DODD'S SISTER OP EVERYDAY LIFE. BY CHARLOTTE WHITNEY EASTMAN. CHICAGO AND NEW YORK : RAND, McNALLY & COMPANY. MDCCCXCVII. Copyright, 1897, by Rand, McNally & Co. INTRODUCTION. The boy, his surroundings and develop- ment, have been the subject of study to many thoughtful men. Bishop Vincent in "Tom and His Teach- ers," Burdette in "The Rise and Fall of the Mustache," William Hawley Smith in "The Evolution of Dodd," and many others have presented studies on different phases of boy life. But what of the sisters of these boys? Are they receiving as much thought and study as they require, or have they reached the Utopian age in their development wherein all things are so ordered as to evolve the best possible woman from the girls in our charge? It is very evident to any one giving the subject attention that we have not attained to that happy condi- 2061734 6 INTRODUCTION. tion. There are many women who are variously failures. For Dodd's sister I have chosen a type of woman who is become exceedingly com- mon. She is the woman who has made possible those abominable discussions on the subject, "Is Marriage a Failure;" she considers that the divine purpose in her cre- ation is the same as in the case of the lilies of the field; "They toil not, neither do they spin, yet .... Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these." As a woman she is a failure, although society will not recognize her as such; for it never admits that a woman can be a fail- ure in any but a moral sense. To discuss her needs as they differ from the needs of the boy in the public schools has been the motive of this book. In un- dertaking this, it has been necessary to deal with some elements of school life that are rarely discussed, but without which the sub- ject can never be truthfully dealt with. The powerful influence of certain condi- INTRODUCTION. 7 tions in our schools upon the final character of this girl must become patent to any one giving the subject careful study. But the school is not alone responsible for this failure. There is a combination of other forces that contribute to produce her. Some of these we find in the home; some in the moral conditions of our schools ; and more than most people think in the physical development of our girls in the high school. THE EVOLUTION OF DODD'S SISTER. BABYHOOD. A new baby came last night at Dodd's house, and the boy had scarcely recovered from the fit of sulks into which he had gone on that occasion. He had been taken forci- bly from his mother's warm bed by a strange woman and laid on the couch in the study. His vigorous kicks and screams soon brought his father, who found that it would require all his time and attention to quiet the young man. He first tried to reason with him, but arguments were scorned. Then he tried the effect of his glass paper-weight, but it was dashed to the floor with a renewed vol- ley of screams. "Let papa sing to you," he persisted gen- 10 THE EVOLUTION OF tly, but while music may have charms to soothe the savage breast, it utterly failed on this occasion. "Would he like his papa to walk with him?" At the very suggestion he straight- ened out stiff and threatened to hold his breath. "What would papa's boy like?" Something certainly must be done to quiet this outrageous racket. It would an- noy his mother. "Would he like to play with the clock?" Suddenly he paused in his screaming with a pose of his little body that might mean instant renewal if the clock were not quickly forthcoming. As a last resort the only thing in the whole house that his mother had persistently refused to let him have was brought down, and a few mo- ments of peace were secured while Dodd did effective work among the wheels. The father had a faint notion that his duty required him elsewhere, but Dodd con- tinued to differ so emphatically upon that DODD'S SISTER. 11 point that he was compelled to give his at- tention to the boy and the clock, and the more reluctantly he staid the more emphatic the boy was in his demands. So the deluded father remained in the only place where he was of the least serv- ice, while the great tragedy in the next room was being enacted. At last, much against its will, the little head fell on the father's shoulder, and Dodd was quiet. With fear and trembling he laid him on the couch and tip-toed out of the room. As he stepped into the other room, the old doctor announced in an apologetic and sympathetic way, "A daughter, sir." The tone impressed the mother strangely; it came so far from expressing the thrill of pleasure that went tingling through her as she knew that a little girl had come to her heart and home. There was altogether lacking that note of triumph that this same doctor had given when he 12 THE EVOLUTION OF had announced the arrival of Dodd two years before. Of course she knew that sec- ond babies were not such congratulatory affairs as first ones; and if the first one was, as Dodd, not yet out of his babyhood, the doctor knew that the new baby had not come in answer to special prayers. That might have explained why the tone was sympathetic instead of congratulatory. Not at all, dear mother. It would have been much worse if that had been the first baby. That is only a genteel way that men doctors have of telling you that you have not performed as praiseworthy an act in bringing a girl into the world as you did in bringing a boy. In the coming century, when women have demonstrated that a man is as much out of place in presiding over a birth as he would be in caring for a new bora babe, and women minister to women, the girl baby shall have a triumphant note all its own. Women might just as well face the fact that, while the poets have in all time ex- XJDD'S SISTER. 13 tolled them, ??gislators have expressed the real sentiment of men toward them, and doctors have ushered them into this world with a word of apology. Now, there is a reason for this, that is as fundamental in humanity as the verte- bral column. In the very earliest condi- tions of mankind they extolled above all other characteristics, brute strength. And to-day, in our boasted civilization, crowds will go frantic over a pugilist whose only attraction is his muscles. In the very heart of our educational sys- tem, among the colleges of the land, the man who can jump or run beyond the or- dinary will have his name trumpeted to the world, while his super-intellectual compan- ion has only a small college circle for ad- mirers. There we find in humanity this love of physical force, and a corresponding con- tempt for physical weakness. There was also a strong desire to op- press the weak. In those early times of our 14 THE EVOLUTION )P race the strong man was king and the weak man or the weak nation was scorned and oppressed. O, civilized man, don't think for one mo- ment that you are beyond it. In the laws of this country you will find abundant proof of the fact that whenever the interests of man and woman differ, the law favors the man. The same love of physical strength and abuse of physical weakness clings to us yet. Only when women have used their intel- lectual force to oppose it have they ever been able to compel the law-makers to enact laws that will give them the same protec- tion that it gives to the men. There has been a fatal mistake made if this old rela- tion was to have been kept up. Fathers of the nation, drive the women out of the schools, or your great-grandsons will never be able to be the lords of creation. Then there is another strong reason why this new girl baby called for sympathy. Away back in that early time when society DODD'S SISTER. 15 was unformed, and the nations held their territory through their strength, every wom- an meant just so much more of a burden to the state; every man, so much more help ; and naturally the advent of a boy was a cause of rejoicing. No doubt the father strutted around as if he had done something to be proud of, and treated his friends to whatever in that day represented cigars and it may be beer. What a pity it is that the roosters in the barn-yard can not know the sex of each egg that is laid! It would save them such an amount of crowing. As society came more into form, the daughters were like other chattels; they must be disposed of to the best advantage. The Catholic convent afforded a refuge for third and otherwise undesirable daugh- ters. In fact, it has not been until a date within our memory that a daughter did not promise to be something of a burden to her father. And even now we find a good many fathers who consider that they have failed 16 THE EVOLUTION OF in their duty if they do not support their daughters in idleness, and daughters who remain long under these parental roofs soon acquire a feeling of pride in dependent wom- anhood. But the modern girl who goes through college, and many others who come in touch with the spirit engendered there, have a growing feeling of independence, and a strong desire to be self-supporting. We shall soon consider the daughter who sits in her father's parlor and waits for the conquering hero to come, as on a par with the man who consumes his time and energy in decorating himself and strutting about to be admired, and a feminine form for dude and dandy will be invented. We have no current word to express fem- inine insipidity ; not, as surely every observ- ing person knows, because it does not exist, but just because there is a certain admira- tion for this kind of womanhood. The old oak-and-vine idea still prevails. When this idea of something to be sup- DODD'S SISTER. 17 ported is eliminated from womanhood, the baby girl will be considered one of God's choicest blessings at her birth, even as she is now a few weeks later. It is strange how this feeling is confined to a short space of time after her birth. Scientists tell us that the characteristics of our progenitors show themselves more plainly in our infancy than at any other time, and it is the same with this rem- nant of barbarism. The circumstances of the birth of the baby girl are no criterion of her future condition except in the heart of her mother. For let the world say what it will, the mother's heart is never satisfied until it has a daughter for its own. The home is made so lovely by her presence that the parents soon realize that nothing can ever take the place in the home that a little girl fills. A profane old doctor once expressed the whole matter in a nutshell. He had been attending the advent of the third little girl, upon which occasion the father had ex- 18 THE EVOLUTION OF pressed his disapprobation in very strong terms. With the freedom that only family doctors acquire he said, "O, shut up. In a week you won't give a - which it is." And he was right. That third girl was her father's especial pride. A few years ago there appeared a series of articles in one of our magazines on the question, "Should the girl have a dowry?'' One writer said, "Now, why not say when the girl is born, 'We must now begin and save for Dorothy's dowry.'" For the love of woman-kind, don't! Just as she is hoping for a decent recep- tion in this world, don't blast it all by sad- dling upon her parents a burden at her ar- rival. If Dorothy does not bring to her husband dowry enough in a helping heart and hand, let her go and earn her living in some other way. Not that a dowry is not a desirable thing, but train Dorothy to ap- preciate the fact that if she does her duty as wife and mother, she has earned her right DODD'S SISTER. 19 to live, whether or not she ever brings a dollar into the family treasury. Teach her, also, that the long hours of a mother's labor, although not so recog- nized in the laws of men, are just as val- uable as a creative power as the day's labor of her husband; and though the law never recognizes her right to will a dollar of the family property away from her husband, that it is merely a man-made law, and she, before the bar of justice, is equal partner with him in all the rights of the family. Teach her these things, and she will be of infinitely more value to the human race than a dozen dowries could make her. But of these things the mother and father at the parsonage had little time to think. The baby had come with that heritage of American babies, a weak stomach, and the whole list of patent foods were tried with little success, although each can came war- ranted to fit the case, adorned with the por- traits of unnumbered fat and lusty babies that it had saved from an early grave. How- 20 THE EVOLUTION OF ever, with much worrying from the mother, and with much complaint from the father as the dollars rolled out of his pocket, the baby survived through the first three criti- cal months. The little one was tended with all a moth- er's loving care. It was not a baby that was scientifically trained in every respect. All the new ideas with regard to the care of a baby were not readily received by this mother. To her many of them bore the stamp of masculinity, and did not appeal to her mother sense; and when a wise sis- ter told her, "You should never rock your baby to sleep," her usual mildness was very much disturbed, and she showed more spir- it than was consistent with the conventional minister's wife. "I would like to know why I shouldn't rock my baby! Hasn't she cost me enough, that I shouldn't get every drop of sweet- ness out of her that I can?" "Yes, but if you ever want to go away any place, you will always have to stay to DODD'S SISTER. 21 rock the baby first. I think it a great nuisance. You might just as well train her to get along without you. She is a great deal better off, and you will have so much less care." "\Yhy, I enjoy these half hours with my baby better than I do going to anything." "O, well, of course if you want to make a martyr of yourself, you ought to have the blessed privilege." She did want to make a martyr of her- self. The maternal love filled her whole being; and in the long years afterward, when she took the little worn shoes out of their corner in the old trunk, when the little feet that wore them were far along on their journey, and far away from the loving moth- er heart, as she pressed to her cheek the little empty shoes, how those moments all came back, when the little head lay on her shoulder, and the pink feet were crowded into the palm of her hand, and the velvet touch of the little fingers was on her cheek. The years of trouble and care that lay be- 22 THE EVOLUTION OF tween faded away and she knew that never in the whole experience of motherhood were there sweeter moments than those twilight half hours when she rocked her baby asleep. The little shoes that are stored away in the old trunk what secrets do they hold that send the baby's memories crowding into the mothers heart faster and thicker than all the other little garments laid away? The little feet that wore them "must wan- der on through hopes and fears, must ache and bleed beneath their load," and the mother, who is now "Nearer to the Wayside Inn, Where toil shall cease and rest begin," feels a wonderful rush of tenderness for the little feet that have left their impress on the little worn shoes. "Well, this baby must have a name, papa." "Certainly. Let us give her a good Chris- DODD'S SISTER. 23 tian name. My mother's name was Su- sannah. Suppose we call her Susan." "Susan indeed! I'll never call this sweet little thing Susan. I think Berenice and Benita would be very pretty." "Pure foolishness, both of them. Do let the child have a name with some character to it. I would like to give her one with some inspiration like Doddridge. Martha or Sarah would be a noble name." "Why, if you must have a Bible name, let's take Ruth. That is pretty." "Very well, if you like it. But don't give her a name that she'll be ashamed of if she grows to be a noble woman." So Ruth she was called. The chances were that Ruth would have discipline enough to bring out her nobility young, for Dodd's attitude toward the new baby could never be questioned. It was from the start "Muzzer's dot a baby, Ittle bitsy sing; Sink I most could put her 24 THE EVOLUTION OF Froo my rubber ring. Got all my nice kisses, Got my place in bed; Mean to take my drum stick An crack her on the head." And the moment that the mother's back was turned he proceeded to carry out his intention in some form or another, until she was willing that he should live most of the time in the street. But the baby Ruth managed to live through it all in a marvelous way that only babies understand. She soon began to de- velop bewitching dimples, and to her moth- er's inexpressible delight, the little lock of yellow hair that hung on her fair white forehead curled into a ringlet, and the eyes, that were merely round and indistinct in their coloring, took on a most charming curve and shone with a soft violet light. And the mother saw that her baby girl was beautiful, and she was glad. Dodd was not a beauty; but then, Dodd was a boy, and even her prosaic preacher hus- DODD'S SISTER. 25 band could see the advantage of beauty in a girl! She had heard him say only last Sunday in his sermon, when describing a man to whom this world had given all things good, that he had sons who were upright, no- ble, gifted in intellect and heart, and daugh- ters who were beautiful. Little difference though their hearts were small and cold and selfish, and their minds held no more than a sieve they were beau- tiful. Why should she not think it God's great- est gift to woman? Did she not see in her daily life did not every poem and every story prove, that beauty is a great and won- derful possession? Had she not seen bril- liant men and good men choose for their wives women whose only attraction, whose only endowment, was their beauty? It was the exception when the judge left Maud Muller to her lot of raking hay. He usually married her in haste, and then when he contemplated the twins he "wished that 26 THE EVOLUTION OP they looked less like the man that raked the hay on Muller's farm." And little Ruth was beautiful; no one could question it. And, indeed, no one tried to. On the contrary they vied with each other in calling her a beautiful little darling, and in presenting her mother with dainty clothing for her to wear, so that when her babyhood days were past and she was con- sidered in the eyes of the law ready for the moulding that the public school gives, lit- tle Miss Ruth, as she liked to be called, had a very distinct and well defined idea of her personal beauty and her pretty clothes. DODD'S SISTER. 27 GIRLHOOD. That first day at school was an occasion that Ruth had looked forward to with eagerness, for she had plans for a small victory. The mild, adoring mother said with gentle persuasion, as she was being prepared, "Ruth, dear, you ought not to wear your brown slippers. Auntie sent them to wear with your new dress. Your shoes will do very nicely for this fall at school." "O, I don't want to wear those horrid shoes! Can't I wear them just to-day? I'll be just as careful. Auntie May won't care, I just know she won't, and I won't get a speck of dirt on them. Can't I, mamma?" "I guess not, dear." Down the round cheeks the tears rolled, for it was a matter of real grief to her. "O, yes, please do, mamma; I want to 28 THE EVOLUTION OP just to-day. I'll be so careful. I won't play at all." "Well, if you want to so much, wear them. But I think you would have a much happier time if you wore your shoes." The slippers were on in a twinkling, and, as the curls were being brushed, the next question was mooted. "I'll want my new ribbons if I have those slippers, won't I, mamma?" "They are so fresh that we must keep them for Sunday; the old ones are to be used for school." "But this is the first day, mamma. I ought to have something different, you know." "Well, only for to-day, remember." "And my white apron that has the Swiss embroidery on it I can wear that, can't I, mamma?" "You will tear that if you try to play, my dear. The heavier one will do just as well." "I'll be so careful; I won't play a single DODD'S SISTER. 29 speck. Aunty said those heavy ones looked so common, so she gave me this one just on purpose to look nice in. I'm sure she would want me to wear it." "Then you must be very careful." "O, I will." Her first victory was won; for she felt that she would be the most "proud and stylish" girl that went to that school. Her childish ideal was fixed, and she en- larged it as the years went by; but it was always the same ideal. Fresh and sweet as a flower she looked as her mother gave her the last caressing pat and kissed her good-bye. "Now you will be a good girl, I am sure, dear. You always are.'"' The sighs that had been inwardly heaved over unpromising brother Dodd when he made his first appearance in the school room were in strong contrast to the greeting that was accorded to this dainty bit of pink and white femininity, with eyes so moist and touchingly suggestive of the late grief over 30 THE EVOLUTION OF the brown slippers. The teacher came to meet her with manifest delight as soon as she saw her enter the door. "O, you little darling! Have you come to school? Can you tell me what your name is? Where did you get those lovely curls and such cunning little slippers? You are going to come every day, aren't you? Won't you kiss me?" O, yes, Ruth would kiss her, although herself not fond of promiscuous kissing. It would have been very improper to refuse to kiss the teacher; so she submitted in a very graceful way, and the young lady nev- er discovered that it was other than a de- light to the child. With herself it was such a constant habit that she never imagined that there were na- tures to whom public and promiscuous kiss- ing seemed excessively vulgar. She might have comprehended that in the light of hy- giene it was dangerous, but that it might also be aesthetically offensive, never oc- curred to her. DODD'S SISTER. 31 These eternal kissers. If they would only confine their kisses to those whose tastes are similar to their own, they would not be such public nuisances. But no one escapes. The teacher with the kissing habit has so many at her mercy. She ordinarily kisses only the attractive ones, but there have been reports of those with such os- trich-like stomachs that they could kiss the whole school. When they do what they are given to see is their duty in this heroic style, while it maybe momentarily disagreeable to some, yet there are no aching or rebellious little hearts under the shabby aprons of lit- tle ones from lowly homes that wished they were pretty enough to be kissed. The teacher was young and gushing. She was but lately a high school girl, and her apprenticeship in the training school had not given her the thoughtfulness for others' feelings that a few more years of life might give. She had a great deal of con- fidence in her own judgment, but her sus- 32 THE EVOLUTION OF ceptibility to golden curls and pretty slip- pers was not diminished in the least. Was it a part of that teacher's duty to cultivate vanity, and entirely ignore the feel- ings of little hearts that beat under plain gingham aprons? An admiring smile would have been just as dear to little Katie Kabrin- ski, indeed much dearer because of its rari- ty. But that young teacher was governed more particularly by impulse than principle in these matters, although, to be sure, it never occurred to her in that light. She had not learned to have much sympathy with plain folks. She belonged to a state, moreover, in which the legislators had failed to appreciate any advantage to be de- rived from the employment of more ma- tured women as teachers. Public schools are not philanthropic in- , stitutions to provide support for high school misses in preference to more experienced teachers, even though married. The wom- an, and especially the mother, of experience ; DODD'S SISTER. 33 would have given plain little Katie one of those caressing words. What if her hair was straw colored, with face to match, and the two little braided tails of hair were tied with shoestrings? Her heart was just as tender. The fact that there was no word for her gave her a most important lesson before the teacher had hung up the reading chart. She saw the value of beauty and pretty clothes, and learned at five what she would still believe at fifty, that beauty in a woman is, in prac- tice, valued at more than the truest of hearts. The words "proud and stylish" were unknown to her, but she recognized their meaning, and was a ready devotee at their shrine. Ruth had answered the teacher with dim- pling smiles and a sweet "Yes, ma'am," and when the bell called the children together, the teacher looked for a seat for her. The only vacant one was found beside the little Russian girl. She hesitated a moment and then said: 3 I 34 THE EVOLUTION OP "Well, my dear, I guess you will have to sit here for the present." She did not say: "I am sorry that such a sweet little darling must sit by that homely little thing in her Dutch blue apron and calf-skin shoes, but we will move you as soon as possible." She did not say it, but each little girl un- derstood it perfectly, and Ruth drew her apron very close to herself and tried by her manner of superiority to impress upon Ka- tie that the difference between them was great. And Katie unhesitatingly believed her. When the work of the morning began, and the teacher was trying to impress, first the script form of course it was very im- portant to have the script form first and then the printed form of C A T, Ruth was comparing her finger nails with those of Katie. Auntie May had often told her that she would be an aristocrat because her nails were so beautifully shaped, and she had re- solved that she would never again play at DODD'S SISTER. 35 making mud pies, for it just spoiled them. She saw that Katie's were short and square, and of course Katie could never be an aristocrat. Katie's eyes were filled with admiration and interest, not for the picture cat, nor its script representative, but for the wonderful embroidery on Ruth's apron. This evident admiration entirely thawed out Ruth's in- tended hauteur, and she poked out one brown slipper and whispered: "Auntie May gave them to me." One after another she displayed the arti- cles of her finery for Katie's admiration, and when each had elicited as much as it could, she drew up a corner of her dress just to show the edge of a dainty embroidered skirt to convince Katie that she was the same all the way through. When the lesson was finished these children had but a dim idea of it; not that they were dull, nor that the gushing girl teacher had not illustrated the subject to its fullest, but that the subject of clothes had so completely absorbed their 36 THE EVOLUTION OP attention that there was room for nothing else. When Katie's admiration began to wane, Ruth drew herself together again with the sudden recollection that she had been too familiar. As soon as school was out, she found Beatrice, the banker's little daughter, and walked home with her. Katie was just behind them, but of course she could not walk with them, she was so common. Ruth had really felt greatly attracted toward the admiring child, but Auntie May had told her mamma that Ruth ought not to be allowed to associate with common children if she expected her to grow up ex- clusive. Mamma had answered that she supposed she ought to be satisfied if her child grew up good. But to be sure, you could not help but expect something more from such a child. So she knew that there were things ex- pected of her, and she did not intend to ruin her prospects by walking with such a com- mon companion as Katie Kabrinski. DODD'S SISTER. 37 On their way home Beatrice brought from her pocket a new shining five cent piece that had been given her if she would be a good child and not "fuss" about going to school. A paper bag of chocolate creams was soon bought, and this was a strong ce- ment to the friendship thus formed. "O, I just love chocolate creams; don't you?" was the way Ruth showed her appre- ciation. "O, not very much; my papa brings me so many I'm most tired to death of them. We don't have hardly anything but candies and such things at our house." "Neither do we," replied Ruth, spurred on not to be outdone by Beatrice in the matter of ennui as regarded all delicacies; "I have candy and nuts and oranges and such things almost every day. O, we have pie, too; I think pie is just splendid, don't you?" "O, some kinds. If it's mince with lots of raisins or lemon pie with frosting. I 38 THE EVOLUTION OF won't eat any other kind. I tell you, I'm just mad if mamma has any other kind." "So am I. I always have two pieces." Now, Beatrice did not state the exact truth in this conversation, but Ruth came much farther from it, for the parsonage pocket-book did not afford pie and candy on all occasions. But Ruth would have been been greatly mortified if Beatrice had known the exact truth in regard to that matter. Beatrice did not have tapering fingers and almond shaped nails like hers, but her father was the richest man in the town, and she had grown-up sisters who had lovely dresses and drove in an elegant carriage and went to dances, and Ruth thought that probably they had all the chocolate creams that they could eat. From her lips Beatrice should never get a confession that choco- late creams were a rarity at the parsonage. By the time the little stomach was well under headway doing its duty for the creams, her appetite for the mashed pota- DODD'S SISTER. 39 toes and beef steak that her mother set be- fore her for her dinner was anything but keen, and she waited in pouting silence for the dessert. Rice pudding, and not a single raisin in it! However, the cream and sugar were some inducement, and she ate her share. "Why, Ruth, aren't you going to eat any- thing but pudding for your dinner?" asked anxious mamma. "O, I don't care for such plain food." And Ruth thought she was growing really aristocratic. Beatrice with her five cents was now Ruth's constant companion from school. The little bag of candy was regularly con- sumed, and the mother wondered why Ruth had so little appetite for her dinner, and seemed not to sleep well. Finally she grew peevish and her breath was fetid, and the mother was sure that she had worms. They kept her home from school for three days and fed her on turpentine and sugar; then she was very much better. 40 THE EVOLUTION OF There really was nothing like turpentine for worms! But Ruth was afraid that some one would get her seat beside Beatrice for as soon as possible the teacher had changed her seat from the one beside Katie and she wanted to get back to school. She had apparently forgotten now that she had ever known Katie, and was careful not to give her so much as a glance of recognition if she passed. Auntie May had told her that she must be exclusive, and of course that meant that she must not speak to any one who was not aristocratic. She and Beatrice were the most aristocratic girls in school, and the teacher knew it; for did she not treat them differently from the other girls? If they did not know, when asked, what she had been drilling the children on, per- haps for days, she very carefully went over the work again. If there were any small favors or privileges they always got the lion's share. They told each other that they had DODD'S SISTER. 41 the privilege of passing the drawing books and being monitor on the stairs oftener than any one else. The teacher generally asked them for the answers to the easiest ques- tions and gave them the easiest words to spell. Some of the hateful, jealous girls said that they were pets. Of course they were ! Why shouldn't they be? Before the first year was done they came to expect special consideration as a matter of course, and to skim over the hard places. Application was a process that their little intellects knew nothing about, for their education was conducted on the plan of throwing facts at them until they stuck, or until a part of them stuck. Ruth sat through that whole first year, a target for the little homeopathic pellets of human knowledge that the teacher persistently threw at her. Now, it takes no intellectual force to make a target of one's self in this way, and when the fact that c-a-t spells cat had been 42 repeated often enough the child's intellect comprehended it. Not as a built-up thing, made of parts that she could take apart and put together again in other forms and with other sounds, but as a thing that she grasped as a whole, and which it required no more intellect to comprehend than a parrot would need to learn items much less simple. At the end of nine months of school con- finement she could tell you all the words in a small primer words that had been per- sistently thrown at her in the same way. Then there was that beautiful chart in number work. That teacher had spent hours in pasting on card-board first one apple, trying to get into those young and undeveloped minds the idea of "one thing." It was one large, red, luscious apple, such as would make the mouths of any young animal water with desire for it. The beauty and lusciousness of it would help to transfer the idea of what "one thing" alone and unassisted might look like. DODD'S SISTER. 43 When the conscience of the teacher was satisfied that every child in the room could fully comprehend and appreciate the fact of "one thing," she turned a leaf and disclosed two objects. Now there were two groups of two objects two girls and two plums, and the drill began in earnest. "If one plum is taken from two plums, how many plums will remain? If one girl and one girl stand together, how many girls will there be? If two plums are divided be- tween two little girls, how many plums will each little girl have?" That teacher would not have allowed one of those children to use the fingers; that was tabooed from the childish study of arithmetic long ago; but she substituted the plums and dolls for the fingers and im- agined that she was using a method far dif- ferent from the old-fashioned one. The object in view when the departure from the use of the fingers was first made was to force the child, as soon as possible, into abstract thinking, but the abuse of the 44 THE EVOLUTION OF object work substituted has made the condi- tions in teaching number work very sim- ilar to those before the reform. Now Ruth could have told her teacher very quickly that if mamma gave her two pennies, and papa gave her two pennies, she would have four pennies. Moreover she could have told her that it would take one more penny, that she had coaxed broth- er Dodd for in vain, to make enough pen- nies to buy a bag of peanuts. She had not learned at that time that pea- nuts were vulgar. At ten she would insist that she had never tasted a peanut. Ruth had not been "born long" on fig- ures, yet her mother could have told you that while she still lisped in baby notes she knew two objects when she saw them. O, deluded school teachers, do you think a child knows nothing when it comes to you? Ask any fond mother that question and you will soon find out about it. For three months the young woman hung that chart before those little human beings, DODD'S SISTER. 45 and with a hundred times the persistency of Mr. Smith's rat trainer she tried to impress upon them what the component parts of four were a thing they already knew. The rat trainer could teach a common rat to fire a cannon or walk a rope in two weeks, yet these little intelligent beings could not learn the component parts of numbers under ten under three months. What difference did it make that they well knew how many pennies in a nickel? That would not help the teacher out when the superintendent came in to inspect re- sults. Now she could call on that pretty little Ruth, and have her say in her sweetest tones, "Two dollies and two dollies will make four dollies." She must have something to make a defi- nite showing with, and so term after term these little ones are drilled and drilled until their knowledge is all done up in little packages, labeled and pigeon-holed so as to be produced on demand. 46 THE EVOLUTION OF It was by this kind of work that the abil- ity of Ruth's teacher was to be judged. Her retention or promotion would depend probably to a great extent on what the su- perintendent said of her work, and her first object must be to drill the class so as to make a ready and attractive display of what the children knew. When our interests are dependent on do- ing work in a certain manner, it takes the spirit of a martyr to sacrifice outward suc- cess to inward convictions. Ruth's teacher was not troubled in soul with inward convictions. She was content to rest upon the superiority of those above her in authority, and felt no responsibility for any method whatsoever that she was ex- pected to use. They were given to her ready-made, and she put them on like any other garment, or used them as she would text books. Were the little intellects under her care developing? Were they being used in the daily school room work? She did not know. DODD'S SISTER. 47 She did not care a great deal. Much less did she care what those same little minds were doing on the play-ground. Certain it was that they were constantly receiving more food for thought than un- der the teacher's direction where they worked for weeks at what most of them could have learned in a vastly shorter time. To make the child think consciously was the very last result contemplated. Ruth was capable of thinking. She could go through a regular logical process when she was managing her small affairs at home; but when she came to school nothing was expected of her, not even to remember. She was simply drilled until she could not help remembering. Any pedagogue imbued with the idea of the wonders of our new education would tell you that she was infinitely more fortu- nate than her grandmother, who learned her letters at the end of her mother's knit- ting needle, and was expected to learn by herself all that she possibly could. 48 THE EVOLUTION OF Far from it. Whatever the other faults of her education, that grandmother was compelled to think according to her ca- pacity. What a boon it would have been to Ruth, with her delicate, modern stomach and her sensitive American nerves, to have reveled in fresh air and sunshine for a large part of her time, as the A, B, C scholars of her grandmother's time did, instead of sitting under this constant fire of facts. Those were the days when that grand- mother was laying up a store of nerve and muscle for the days of her necessity. Every romp through the woods; every breath of pure air that she drew as she filled her apron with dandelions or scaled the lichens from the old fence rails; every ray of sunshine that browned her cheek and sprinkled freckles on her nose, were strengthening the fibre of her small body, and would in the days of her womanhood be of infinitely more value to her than all the drill of that primary room. DODD'S SISTER. 49 But Ruth appeared to enjoy the school work. O, yes, she adored the young teacher who dressed so prettily and entertained them so nicely in the intermissions between the sea- sons of drilling. But that is no criterion as to the useful- ness of a teacher. The teacher most pop- ular with the pupils is quite as often as otherwise the teacher who has the least power to make them think. Because she can succeed in making them obtain facts without any conscious effort on their part, she is a delightful being to the child; but it no more represents development than teaching a parrot the same thing. But Ruth's mother would never have be- lieved that the teacher who could so attract Ruth to school was anything but perfect. What a delight to see Ruth start to school each morning eagerly, with smiling face. What a contrast to the judge's daughter, whose mother thought she was so much more competent than the trained teacher, 50 THE EVOLUTION OP who called her little daughter to come to her room each morning for her lessons. What flouts and pouts and rebellion, as much as were allowable, were heard and seen. But that same firm "You must" was re- peated each morning until the child sub- mitted to the inevitable, not because she loved it, but because a higher power willed it. "Spare the rod and spoil the child" sounds very harsh to modern ears, but there is a germ of truth in it that will en- dure while childhood lasts. How was it at the end of the first year with the judge's daughter and the minister's daughter? The school girl could read- anything in her primer at sight; beyond that primer she knew not one word. The mother-taught child read with avid- ity from a hundred books of childish inter- est. Was there then such a difference in the DODD'S SISTER. 51 children? Not at all. One was taught to think; the other was taught to repeat. The alphabet and multiplication tables may be the foundations of all knowledge, but capacity for thinking is the foundation of all wisdom. But if the children were not compelled to think during school hours, certain it is that at the times when they were free to asso- ciate with the children of all grades their minds were much more active, their lessons more graphic, and their impressions far more lasting. What fun it was to sit on the front steps munching their candies and watching those common girls romping. There was a great deal of whispering and giggling as Beatrice would point to some faded dress and say, "Isn't that a beauty! I would like to wear it to the club dance." "O, yes, I would like to be married in it." 52 THE EVOLUTION OF "And have your hair tied with a shoe- string." "O, yes, and blue stockings." "O, dear, O, dear!" They would have to stifle their parox- ysms of laughter in their handkerchiefs. Then the high school girls would come down and talk to them. These girls had gone through many of the same experiences that were in prospect for these children, but they belonged to families where money was not abundant enough to provide the clothes necessary to take the position in school life their desires dictated. They looked upon beauty and wealth as the only really de- sirable things in life, and they showed these two children, by their constant attention and admiration, that they considered them superior to the common children. Whenever they met them they had to say, "O, Ruth, what lovely curls," or "What a stunning complexion you have," or DODD'S SISTER. 53 "Say, Beatrice, do your sisters belong to the Two-Step Club?" "Of course they do," Beatrice would say. "Do they walk, or do their fellows come to take them in a carriage?" Beatrice was not at all sure, but she did not allow that to influence her much. "Why, in a carriage, of course." "Well, say, Beatrice, do their fellows come to see them in the morning or in the evening?" She was not quite clear which ought to be the proper time; so she tossed her head and said: "The idea!" So the girls continued to quiz her in re- gard to the lives of those sisters until she was observant of all their movements, and kept herself as well informed as possible, so as to excite the admiration and envy of these school girls. To Ruth the life of these elder sisters was fairy land. She began to feel a scorn for the simple life at the parsonage, and de- 54 THE EVOLUTION OF termined to go and live with Auntie May just as soon as she was old enough. Ruth and Beatrice did not spend their time on the play-ground in romping games. Ruth was afraid of spoiling her clothes or her complexion, and Beatrice very much preferred the talks on the stairway, or in the groups and knots of the larger girls, where such conversations were the common thing. "I saw Mrs. S out riding yesterday and she had a lovely dress with a parasol to match. She don't have any young ones hanging around her." "Well, I guess she don't. She's too smart for that." "Just look at Mamie T . She's had two since she has been married, and she can't go to a dance or anywhere else." "Well, she never did know anything. I tell you, if her father hadn't had the stuff, he'd never have married her." Then there were giggles and whispered sentences. When Ruth and Beatrice want- ed to know what was said, they were made DODD'S SISTER. 55 to give solemn promises "never to tell," and the whispered sentences were passed on. There was a shout of amusement at the puz- zled look that came into the young faces, and explanations were given that called forth wondering "Oh, my's" from the chil- dren. But these were given only after re- peated promises "never to tell their mothers." In this way it was that there came to those children their first knowledge of the most vital principle in human exist- ence, accompanied by suggestions that were vulgar and coarse. Their very first impres- sions, that should have been as delicate as a mother could make them, and that should have been presented to them free from any associations that would tend to vitiate their sentiments, were rendered distorted and un- true. When Beatrice's sister gave her the beau- tiful little poem to read beginning, "Have you heard of the valley of BABY LAND, The realm where the dear little darlings stay; Till the kind storks go, as all men know, And O, so tenderly bear them away?" 56 THE EVOLUTION OF she brought it over for Ruth to read, and they giggled for a whole hour over it. It was about this time that a little new comer was expected at the parsonage, and the mother remarked to the father one day, "I dread Ruth's questions when the baby comes. She was troublesome enough last time, and she is two years older now. I can't bear to tell her an untruth, and she is so young I hate to spoil her beautiful il- lusions." "Oh, don't worry over that. Such mat- ters regulate themselves," the father an- swered, and he felt that he had said a very wise thing. "Yes, I suppose they do. I know that she is a peculiarly pure minded child. I never knew her to say a naughty word but once, and that was almost two years' ago. I reproved her very severely, and told her never to say such a thing to any one again, and I never knew her to repeat it or say anything like it." "That is the right way. Just nip such DODO'S SISTER. 57 things in the bud and they will come out all right." But Ruth's mother was not annoyed with a single question. The baby was no surprise to her. She expected it the night that her mother suggested that she go over and stay with Beatrice. Beatrice had told her many times that it was a shame that they had to have so many babies at their house just because they were minister's folks. Just as likely as not she would have to stay in and rock the baby now instead of going walking after school. Ruth felt that this was all true and that it was an imposition on her. She walked into the house in the morning with con- scious dignity, prepared to show her disap- proval of the whole affair if her fears should be realized. When she came in her father said: "Ruth, God sent you another brother last night. Don't you want to come in and see him?" 58 THE EVOLUTION OF "I don't care to," Ruth answered, very stiffly, and went to hang up her wraps. Realizing that such conduct would hurt her mother the father said: "You had better go in and see him and speak to mamma. She will want to know that you have come." Ruth walked in very grandly, and with- out deigning to notice the little white bun- dle, said: "I have come back, mamma." "Yes, dear. Did you know you had a new brother? Here he is. Isn't he sweet?" Ruth did not answer. She asked no ques- tions, and showed no surprise. Her mother was astonished, and thought her a remarkably sweet child. She had never heard her speak on any of the sub- jects that are usually tabooed between mother and child, and for that reason she supposed the child had no thoughts on those subjects. She had congratulated herself at the last W. C. T. U. meeting, when the wo- man sent by the Union was discoursing on DODD'S SISTER. 59 the subject of social purity, and in the course of her remarks said: "If women would recognize this element in their girls as well as in their boys, we could work so much more intelligently." In her girl she would have nothing of the kind to deal with. Of course when the proper age should come she would impress it upon her that elements of that nature were extremely degrading. At present it was entirely unnecessary to be concerned about the matter at all, for she was sure that Ruth had never had her attention called to any such matters, for the child never spoke of them. The mother never dreamed that long before, when she had sharply told Ruth never to mention the subject again to any one, she had sealed the child's mouth to her, and kept her from the very source from which her information should have come. It is a mistaken idea that a mother knows her child better than any one else. She does not, unless she has that exceedingly 60 THE EVOLUTION OF rare faculty of being able to govern and at the same time to keep the child's heart open to her. The fear of censure, the dread of long drawn sermons, have kept many children from telling the mother the very things which they have the most need of knowing. Ruth's mother considered it her duty to correct her children's wrong-doing by long, grave sermons that were referred to after the misdemeanor, until she thought the child was properly impressed. Very early in her association with Bea- trice, Ruth had learned that discretion in these matters was far more comfortable than open confidence. With considerable interest she had asked her father if he knew that Johnny Jones' father was a miser. "Who says he is a miser?" "Oh, Beatrice; and she told him so to- day." "Told him so? Why did she do that?" DODiyS SISTER. 61 "Oh, 'cause he stuck his foot in her tri- cycle." "Were you with her?" Ruth's mother asked her. "Yes, ma'am." "What did you say?" "Oh, I didn't say anything. I only stuck my tongue out at him." The rebuke that followed this confession was as severe as if to stick out one's tongue were the first step in a career of vice, and Ruth drew be- tween herself and her parents another screen. It was this undue severity in small offenses that satisfied the mother that she was doing her whole duty by her children, while graver things went by unnoticed. In the hot-house of the public schools, where her knowledge was being forced in many ways beyond her childish years, where the sweetness and innocency of her very tender age were being colored and dis- torted by contact with ideas and feelings far beyond her, she needed the closest contact with a wise mother heart. 62 THE EVOLUTION OF But the mother was entirely ignorant of these conditions, and one of the first lessons that Ruth learned was to conceal from her the very things in which she most needed her advice. Mothers have been trained for genera- tions to consider any interest in the greatest question in nature on the part of the woman as indicative of the woman's eternal dis- grace. If this is seen in a girl, they say that it signifies a low nature, and it is one of the hardest things to make a mother believe. If they see it in a son, they are grieved, to be sure, but comfort themselves with the thought that it is very much like boys. No matter how low or foolish a thing a boy may do, he hears that "it is just like a boy," and he is very soon convinced that nothing much is expected of him in this regard. It is this difference in the ideal that is set before the girl and the boy during their years of development that is one of the most potent factors in their final difference of DODD'S SISTER. 63 moral perception. Occasionally there has been a mother wise enough to withhold her rebuke or instruction until some other time than the moment of confidence, and has dis- covered startling facts of what her little girl has been learning at school. She has been able perhaps by careful ex- planations, by revealing as much of the truth as she has deemed wise, to instruct her child in such a manner that the pernicious influence of contact with the minds that in- terpret nature basely has failed to make any lasting impression. Most mothers, like most teachers, are blind, deaf and dumb to the verbal commerce of the recess. Ignorance on the part of the mother, a lack of a right feeling of responsibility (to- gether with a foolish modesty) on the part of the teacher was gradually deforming the moral constitution of this child. She had now reached an age beyond childish things. Her companions were no longer playmates. They were classed to- gether as distinctly as were the young men 64 THE EVOLUTION OF and women ten years their seniors. Ruth and Beatrice had a clique of their own, and any other little girl not considered worthy of their recognition they could cut with all the hauteur of a hardened society dame. They measured a girl by her clothes, by her artificial airs, by the way she curled her hair, by her style and by her desire to have "regular company." Her grandmoth- er and vulgar little girls might talk about beaux, but that was very far below them. They had "regular company." , Ruth's curls were patted and petted with as much solicitude as they would have re- ceived from the most aspiring young society lady. It was at this time that Ruth's father moved into the country. When it was an- nounced at the supper table that the next year the family would spend with Grandpa Stebbin, the tears came to Ruth's eyes, and her heart sunk with as great a sense of misery as it did in after years over greater sorrows. DODD'S SISTER. 65 "Why, just think, Ruth, you can have all the golden-rod that you can wear now. I wouldn't feel so badly. Mamma remembers such delightful times when she was a little girl on the farm. You can't have Beatrice, of course, but cousin Katie is there. She is a sweet little girl." But it was all in vain. She went from the table to her own little room and cried until there were no tears left, and only broken sobs told of her grief. She could not have told that wild flowers were only dear to her when she wore them in the belt of her white dress, and people stopped her to say: "Well, I don't know which is prettiest, the flowers or the sweet little face." The fresh air was more liable to spoil her complexion than to do anything else, and as for cousin Katie, she knew she would be a horrid, pokey, countrified thing. What were woods, if her set couldn't have a picnic in them? Or a coasting hill with a 66 THE EVOLUTION OF lot of country boys that never knew how to be nice to a girl? And the sobs would begin again. She did not go to see Beatrice for several days, and then she suffered agonies of mor- tification to have to tell her that they were going to live in the country. Beatrice poured out all the sympathy that she could command, and finally suggested that she write to Auntie May, and see if she could not help her. The childish letter of woe brought a ready response, and Mr. Weaver's sister again urged that Ruth be allowed to come and stay with her, through the winter at least. Consent was finally given to this, and Ruth, radiant with joy, left for her winter home in the city. .In the school in the city she found a class, or "set," as she called it, that corresponde-1 with the one to which she had belonged. Their clothes were more elaborate, they had more money to spend, but their conversa- tion and moral influence were just as DODD'S SISTER. 67 pernicious as were those in the smaller school. She spent only three months here before the holidays, and returned to pass that week with her parents. Only three months; but in that time her fond auntie with solicitous care had kept her mind on dress and fashionable amuse- ments, and had rendered her more than ever devoted to the artificial life that she had be- gun so early. In the country she found it hard to be polite to the people she met. The Christ- mas tree and the simple Christmas pleas- ures filled her small soul with disgust; and when one of the assistants called out "Ruth Weaver," and brought her from the tree a little doll dressed by her grandmother's lov- ing hands, she thought it "perfectly dread- ful," and was so glad that none of the girls could know anything about it. She looked with disgust at cousin Katie, showing its twin sister with evident pride to her companions. What would Beatrice 68 THE EVOLUTION OP think of it? And she thought of last Christ- mas morning when she had seen Beatrice turning up her nose in scorn at the hand- some doll that had been given her. "Just as if she were a baby!" she said. At home she did not attempt to conceal from her grandmother the fact that she was far above dolls. "I thought you had no doll and that maybe you would like one if you had it. Katie liked hers, didn't she?" "Oh, yes, of course," said Ruth indiffer- ently. Then with fine scorn she said: "And papa, do you know that some of those children really thought that Santa Claus put those things on the tree for them? How ridiculous!" "It's a very foolish thing," her father answered, "to put such notions into chil- dren's heads. I should like to have been there and told the exact truth to those chil- dren. I wonder that parents do not realize the harm that they do to children in filling their heads with such nonsense." DODD'S SISTER. 69 "What harm do they do, William?" the grandmother asked. "What harm? Why, mother, I am as- tonished that you ask such a question. They tell an untruth to their children, and not only do the harm that an untruth always does, but they shatter the children's con- fidence in their veracity. When a child dis- covers that its parents have told a falsehood, it can never have the same confidence in them as before. And then there is absolute- ly no use in it. It certainly does the child no good." "Why, I think it does a great deal of good. It helps to make Christmas enjoy- able for one thing. I found out a long time ago that of all the theories that I started out with for raising my family, there is only one that has stood the wear and tear, and that is let the children have all the good times they can. As to making them think that we were not to be depended upon, Mary, how was that? Did you ever lay that up against me?" 70 THE EVOLUTION OF "Well, no, mother, I don't think that we did. I'm very sure that we children al- ways depended upon your word and father's as though it were law. The little German children always believe in Santa Claus." "Oh, well, the Germans are a myth-lov- ing people; very different from us Ameri- cans." Grandma Stebbins knew nothing about myth-loving, but she did know that every child that is robbed of its Santa Claus has lost something of real value. Why should we sacrifice even the pleas- ures of our little ones to this craze for the realistic? The winter went by, the beautiful spring was come again, and Ruth was sent for to spend the remaining time of her father's va- cation in the country. Auntie May consoled her in every way she could, and at last promised her that if she would not feel too bad she would send her a piano just as soon as her hands were large enough to reach an octave. DODD'S SISTER. 71 It was a great trial to leave her beautiful home. She felt that she belonged there; that she had been created for just such a life, and that to have to go into the "horrid country" was an imposition. When she found herself sitting beside her little trunk in the small room at Grandpa Stebbins', she opened it and looked at each memento of her school friends with an air of melancholy that might have been be- stowed upon a long lost sister. There was the half of a ten cent piece that she and Beatrice had divided as pledges of their eternal friendship. There was a hick- ory nut with a face carved on one side, a memento of their last picnic. There were some dried roses that had been thrown to her at the last school exhibition. There were these and a score of other little treas- ures. She looked them all over caressingly, and the sobs came very thick as she looked out of her window down the dusty lonesome 72 THE EVOLUTION OF road. Her grandmother called her at the stairway: "The turkeys are coming home, Ruth. Don't you want to go out with baby and me to see them?" Ruth went down, not that turkeys had any attraction, but that it was insufferable to remain where she was any longer. "Yes, dear," the mother said, "you will like to see the turkeys. Mamma always used to watch for them to come home when she was a little girl." She met her grandfather in the yard. "What! Crying, little one? Oh, that will never do. You'll spoil those pretty blue eyes. Those were only meant to smile with." That was the first drop of healing on her wounded heart, and it brought the faint ghost of a smile. But the turkeys and cows and young lambs and even the playful kittens were of no avail. She had no heart for anything of the kind. She gathered her dress around DODD'S SISTER. 73 her, and was in constant fear that it might get soiled. The children started off to school the next morning. The grandfather took them over in the big wagon, "until Ruth should get used to the walk." "Now you won't be lonesome any more," he said as he unloaded them at the gate. "Here's your little cousin, Katie. She's just the nicest kind of a little girl. Now go get acquainted as fast as you can. She'll soon loosen your little tongue and you'll be the best kind of friends in ten minutes." Katie stood bashful and smiling, with a heart full of welcome and kindness for this little city cousin. But for Ruth one glance was enough. Be friends in ten minutes, indeed! As if she could ever be friends with a girl who had her hair combed straight back from her forehead, and a gingham apron on, and great heavy shoes! She did not dare to "cut" her as she wanted to, but Katie under- 74 THE EVOLUTION OF stood very distinctly at the first glance that she was regarded as an inferior being. "Now take her up to the school, Katie, and let her get acquainted with the teacher and the other girls. Be good to her, for she is a little bit home-sick you know." Home-sick ! It was a magic word. Katie had been home-sick once when her mother had left her for a whole week, and she knew the full meaning of that dreadful malady. So it was with a heart full of sym- pathy that she walked with Ruth up to the school house, and in her simple, child-like way, told the teacher who she was. Ruth wrote to Beatrice that that introduction was just killing. When the children were seat- ed, Ruth had an opportunity to study the teacher in her accustomed analytic way. The result was certainly shocking to her. She wrote to Beatrice that the teacher was a regular Irish girl, and her face was full of freckles, and she knew that her com- plexion had never had a bit of care, and O, dear! she wished she could see her waist. DODD'S SISTER. 75 Well she just knew she didn't have any corset on at all, and her skirt had three ruffles on, just to think! three ruffles! And she had a lace ruffle on her neck, and her hair was braided and twisted in a little wad. Well, it was simply dreadful! "I thought I never could stand it till I wrote to you," she concluded. The teacher began to make inquiry as to Ruth's work. She had no trouble with her, for Ruth had a strong suspicion that she knew a great deal more than the teacher. She sent her to the black-board, and as- signed her a task in arithmetic which it seemed that she ought to be able to per- form. Ruth looked at it blankly. "Don't you know how to do that work?" "No, ma'am." "What have you done in arithmetic?" "We have had mostly number work." "Oh, number work. What did you do in number work?" "We could add and subtract and multiply 76 THE EVOLUTION OF and divide anything without the slate or black-board." Ruth said this with all the dignity that she could command. It was ridiculous to have those country gawks looking at her as if she didn't know anything when she had al- ways been one of the best in her class. She wished to impress them with the abundance of her knowledge. "Well, you may sit down and I will see about your arithmetic later." The fact was that Ruth had been drilled from the primary grade up in the combina- tion of numbers, and her knowledge of arithmetical processes was far behind that of the children in the country school. They called this work the mental discipline of the school, and every teacher firmly believed that this constant drill was increasing the capacity of the pupils for systematic think- ing. It stood in striking contrast to the memory work of geography and history. Ruth could add, subtract, multiply and di- vide with remarkable rapidity. DODD'S SISTER. 77 , There are other machines that can do the same. If one is planning for a life work as a cashier or book-keeper, no doubt the ma- chine method is convenient, but as a means for developing the thinking powers of a child, it is a failure. No child could ever comprehend the component parts of 49. Even a matured mind can not grasp as a whole any quantity beyond 4. As soon as it exceeds this, it must be separated into its parts. Ruth had learned that six fives make thir- ty, but that had involved little reasoning power. She had learned the component parts of every number under 100, and of some far beyond it, and she could have gone on indefinitely. But she had merely learned it: learned it just as she learned the facts of geography. It was largely memory work after all. Some children can perform this work more quick- ly than others because they have a readier memory for facts. 78 THE EVOLUTION OP PURE FACT MEMORY IS OFTEN COUNTED FOR MATHEMATI- CAL ABILITY. The child that is most apt in number work may lack much of being a good ma- thematician. Mathematics and numbers are no more related than history and dates. One is a matter of memory; the other is science. To understand why one when reduced makes ten of the next lower order requires some degree of logical thought, and the child that has been drilled merely in number work has not had the right discipline for its comprehension. This number work has always held a higher place in the education of children than it deserves, but at present some of our educators are going frantic over it. Fortunately for Ruth, the teacher had patience and tact, and though the scornful little nose was in the air at the beginning of the lessons, she was soon working dili- DODD'S SISTER. 79 gently, and for the first time in her life im- pressed with the idea that she was person- ally responsible for learning the thing as- signed her. She was getting real mental development in those months as she came in contact with a teacher who had the rare faculty of teaching children. It was a revelation to Ruth that there could be anything of worth in a woman who had an evident scorn for "style" and who forgot her complexion to such an extent that she would stand in the sunshine and play "anti-over" with the children. It is our misfortune that the law of sup- ply and demand that governs the trade mar- kets does not, and can not, give us enough natural teachers; teachers that like the poets are born and not made. This young woman did not get this faculty for putting herself in sympathy with the various na- tures of the children under her charge from any institute or Normal School, although she had some knowledge of their methods. The Institutions of Method may multiply 80 THE EVOLUTION OF themselves in vain in their efforts to mould into true teachers the greater part of the clay that comes into their hands. We must take what we can get to fill the vacant places, but certain it is, there is not enough material to go round. Ruth found on the play ground, as well as in the school room, a new delight in free, unaffected natures. After the first painfully embarrassing days were past, when Ruth stood in silent disdain of these uncultured children, and they somewhat in awe of her, when she had not a confidant to whom she could ridicule them, and she was compelled to be friends at last, her bright blue eyes and golden curls opened the way for her into each boyish heart. A bunch of the first violets, or a young robin that had been captured on its first excursion from its nest, or the ripest, red- dest strawberries, were brought and shyly offered to her. Katie was delighted with every attention that was given to her pretty cousin. Her DODD'S SISTER. 81 own nature was steeped in that loveliness that includes all humanity in its affection. When she grew to womanhood they called her "motherly." But while those little country boys liked her, not one of them would give his pet squirrel to see her smile. By and by Ruth began to forget that there was so much of a difference in their social standing. As the out-door sport began to develop a latent power for enjoyment, she would for long hours completely forget to be "stylish," and actually learned to scream with real girlish delight. It was in the fall that Auntie May came into the country to visit her brother's fami- ly. She confessed herself shocked to see Ruth. "Who ever could have believed that a child could change so? I always thought her a wonderfully stylish child. She had such an air. Now she moves along just like any common child." Grandma Stebbins did not like this talk 82 THE EVOLUTION OF before Ruth. It had a false ring to her honest ears. "We think the child has improved very much in the country. She is surely health- ier." Auntie May had little interest in a ques- tion of so small importance as a child's health, and she gave little heed to grandma's remark. "Can it be possible that that is Ruth!" And Auntie May held up her hands as she heard a scream, and saw Ruth mount- ing high up in the branches of the locust, as her big cousin ran under the swing. "When she was with me I never knew her to do anything so rude. She was such a lady. I hoped, when I came out here, to get her started in music, but of course she will have to wait now until the folks move. She can't practice on that old organ. I am going to send her my piano. I expect to have a new one." "Has Ruth any gift for music?" grandma inquired. DODD'S SISTER. 83 "One can't tell how much she may have; but we'll have her practice faithfully for a few years, and we will find out. One don't require much gift if one is diligent." In accordance with Auntie May's pro- gram, one of the first things after the family were settled in the city again was to hunt a music teacher, and Ruth was set to do tread- mill service at the piano. The morning hours were always too full for practice, and the time that Ruth prom- ised faithfully to allot to the exercise was just after school, from four o'clock to five. From day to day she drummed away at this hour. Evidently no spark of the divine fire had lodged in her soul, but the finger exer- cises, the scales and amusements were de- votedly gone over and over until every member of the household fairly shivered when they heard the first note of the prac- tice hour. Parson Weaver in his study would scowl, and feel an intense impulse to order the piano shut ; but the thought that his daugh- 84 THE EVOLUTION OF ter, like any other young lady with aspira- tions, must learn to play on the piano, re- strained him. The neighbors heard that iterated "trum- trum" until they would have felt delight if a bonfire had taken off all the pianos that were ever made. But no matter; it began at ten years of age and lasted regularly until twenty-two, and intermittently for years after, and to no one concerned was it ever anything but "trum-trum." To no one at least except the music teacher who was putting Auntie May's dollars into her pocket. In the name of all that is reasonable, why not make the girls mount birds, or train dogs, or write poems, or carve statues, or do some work that requires skill, as well as keep them everlasting pounding on a piano? It would crucify the feelings of those around them less, it would be of just as much value to the girls, it would be less injurious to their health, and would cost far less money. Blessed be the memory of the woman who DODD'S SISTER. 85 will bring our girls and their foolish parents to a realizing sense of the folly of forcing every girl, irrespective of aptitude, to play the piano. But the piano drumming had just begun. After a few weeks Ruth be- came acquainted with the "stylish" girls in school. The afternoon hour was soon devoted to amusement in their company, and the prac- ticing was crowded into the evening. Tired, nervous and cross, she played the finger exercises, the scales and the amusements over and over again. Understand, this was done of her own free will; she needed neither compulsion nor urging; and all this not because of the least love of the art, but because it was "the proper thing." After a while came recitals, when people came to hear music. Some came because their daughters were going to play; some because they loved music. And how many of the twenty young girls who were to entertain them had any trace of 86 THE EVOLUTION OF the divine gift? Certain it is that a great many did not. They played the selections that they had practiced for many weary hours, and the audience sat in polite endur- ance. A sigh of relief and faint applause followed their efforts. Their music was not a delight, and they paid for it with time and strength and nerve power that might have equipped them with attainments of real value to them. The ennobling influence of music can hardly be over-estimated, but it is good music that ennobles, and not the mechani- cally acquired parody on it. As well set every girl in the country to writing poetry for one hour each day, and compel the rest of us to read it, as to have the air filled with the notes of this universal, indiscriminate and everlasting piano practice. There may be some excuse for mistakes in estimating the capacity of a child for some things, but the aptitude for music, or the lack of it, manifests itself in the early years, and to allow a child to expend months DODD'S SISTER. 87 of time and stores of nervous energy in a futile effort to become a real musician, what is it if not folly? To force a child to do so, what is it if not cruelty? But Ruth would have sacrificed a great deal for her piano practice. Not to do the thing that the other girls did, or not to dress as they dressed would be everlasting disgrace. When the sewing girl came to the parson- age, if the little garments were not fashioned with proper sleeve and collar, there was sure to be a battle. "I shall be mortified to death to wear that old fashioned thing. I know Auntie May would think it just dreadful for me to go to school looking as if I came from the country." The sewing girl had once interposed with, "Little girls ought to wear what their moth- ers think best. I am sure when I was a little girl I would have thought this a very nice dress to wear to school." "No doubt you would," was Ruth's signi- ficant reply, and she drew her mother into 88 THE EVOLUTION OP the next room to have the discussion alone. Now strange it may seem, but the most po- tent argument that decided the mother in Ruth's favor was that effort of the seam- stress to convince Ruth that the dress was good enough for her. All the mother's im- pulses rushed to the child's relief. Who can analyze that mother instinct, that upon the least opposition to the child, lets judgment go to the winds, and arrays all her forces on the side of the child? Ruth understood this, and she knew that her mother would yield in time if there were but tears and grief enough. And the seamstress knew it, too, and laid aside the disputed piece of goods. "The idea, mamma! How I shall look! And she seems to think there is no differ- ence between her and me. Do you want me to look as if I were going to be a sewing girl? Auntie May says I have a place to make in society, and that my clothes ought to have some care. And Beatrice has a lovely new henrietta with lined sleeves. It's DODD'S SISTER. 89 just lovely. And I have to wear those lit- tle skimpy sleeves. Oh, dear." Another shower of tears. "Why, those will be quite nice. I wouldn't feel so badly about it, dear. If you behave yourself prettily and are a good girl, no one will think any the less of you if your sleeves are not so large." She might just as well have used this argument with a girl of sixteen. Ruth knew better than her mother that that statement was not true with regard to the girls who were her as- sociates. She would not be held in as high esteem. The circumference of her sleeve was a matter of vital importance. Her mother talked to her as if she were merely a normally developed child. As if her thoughts and feelings were those of a child such as she herself had been at ten years, or as was the judge's little daughter who slept with her dollies and rolled a hoop. She was far from right. It would have been a crucifixion of her feelings to have been compelled to wear clothes different 90 THE EVOLUTION OF from those of her companions. There were enough girls in the school who still wore gingham aprons, but they were girls whom Ruth felt to be her social inferiors. She felt these things just as keenly as if she had been as matured in body as in mind. There was nothing to her in life to be more de- sired than to be considered as belonging to the "proud and stylish" set, and it was just as real to her as it was to her admired Auntie May. The tears and pleading prevailed. The mother went back to the sewing- room, and trying to hide any consciousness of having been defeated, said: "You may put that piece in the sleeves. I will get a new piece of velvet for the bertha." "Very well," was all the seamstress an- swered; but she told the family at home that evening that the importance of that stuck-up little Ruth was something ridicu- lous. She had the feelings and aspirations of a DODD'S SISTER. 91 girl years her senior, and the matter of dress was only one of the ways in which they showed themselves. But this was not the most offensive way. Had her mother seen her on the school ground, even her blinded eyes would have been opened to the fact that there was something vitally wrong in the development of her child. With her own ideas of maidenly propriety, ideas that had been handed down to her from genera- tions of modest women, she would have been shocked at the moral deformity, if she could have realized the real feelings and motives that prompted Ruth and her girl friends in their behavior. The girls in gingham aprons could be found playing "Old Pompey is dead," or even "Crack the Whip," but the exclusive set were far beyond that. They arranged themselves in couples, and set out to attract the attention of the boys on the opposite side. They first promenaded the sidewalk, arm in arm, and talked and laughed with all imaginable coquettish airs. 92 THE EVOLUTION OF Had the boys been as forward in their development as they were, they would have had less trouble, but fortunately the ball game and the marbles held more attraction for them than girls did. Occasionally one would answer the challenge, and come and talk to them, but their judgment had not developed with their desire for admiration and attention, and they were not at all timid about following the boys into the play- ground, and insisting upon having their at- tention. Out of school hours the set had their small parties; not as a company of children, to play "hide and seek" or "pussy wants a corner," and go home at twilight. They went in the evening, each girl waiting at her home until called for by her "regular com- pany." Then at ten or eleven they came home together in the same way. Their games and amusements were highly savored with sentiment and effusiveness. Wherever they happened to be, they collected in little DODD'S SISTER. 93 groups, and talked and laughed in painful imitation of eighteen-year-old girls. After school hours they went arm in arm, inventing errands to bring them into con- tact with the clerks, who were much more attentive and susceptible than the school boys of their own age ; or they stood in the postoffice and simpered their nonsense in high, strident tones, and posed with affected airs; they rilled in all the vacant time with excessive giggling, or stood with eyes rilled with admiration and envy for every fashion- ably dressed woman who passed; or they would follow the school boys, insisting upon having attention from them. Amongst themselves there were the same jealousies that exist amongst older ones. It was deplorable to see little girls with bit- ter feelings toward a companion when she succeeded in attracting an undue amount of attention; and these occasions were more frequent than with older girls, for the boys who were susceptible to these things were much fewer in number than the girls. When 94 THE EVOLUTION OP every device for prolonging their stay had been tried, they reluctantly strolled home. All this performance was an outward ex- pression of an inward condition. Were this the worst of this unnatural life, the results are still to be deplored. But there is too often an under-current in the life of these children that is unknown and unsuspected by all except an occasional observing and thoughtful mother. WhenRuth's mother first heard, at the W. C. T. U. meeting, that there was a bad con- dition of morals among the children of the public schools, she was surprised that she had never seen nor heard anything of this. Then came the comforting thought that her children knew nothing about it. The lady who spoke had said "amongst some of the children," and of course Ruth did not as- sociate with such. It must be the Polish children of whom these things were true. "It is so unfortunate" she remarked "that our children are compelled to go to school in a mass." DODD'S SISTER. 95 It had required some courage on the part of the lady who made the statement to in- troduce the subject. She continued that she hoped that the Union would see that it was their duty to do something about the matter. "But we don't know anything definitely about it," the president replied. "There have been floating reports of this kind, but there seem to be no certain facts." "I do know of certain facts that make the matter clear enough to me." "In that case, why do you not go to the principal and tell him?" "Well, ladies, now that the question has been asked, I will tell you the whole story. I did go to the principal not long ago. It was not a pleasant task, I assure you. I told him what I believed, and some of the things that had led me to think it. He let me tell the whole thing without a word, but I could plainly see by the expression on his face his opinion of a woman who could ever have such thoughts about children, or who 96 THE EVOLUTION OP could relate them to a man. After I had said all that I considered it my duty to say, he waited a full minute so as to properly im- press me, and then said: 'Well, madam, as you are so convinced of the truth of what you say, I suppose that you are prepared to prove the truth of all these assertions/ "I had gone to him with my information because of an overpowering sense of duty. I answered him: "'I am not prepared to do anything of the kind. If after I have told you these things you can not go to work and find out the truth of them, I shall feel at least that I have done my duty/ "'Do not trouble yourself on that score, madam,' he answered. 'As far as you are responsible for my school, you have cer- tainly done your whole duty/ "My husband said, when I came home and told him about it, that it served me right; that I might have minded my own business. "I have said nothing about it since, but I DODO'S SISTER. 97 live just back of the school house, and I see so much that I felt compelled to say some- thing." "Well, what can we do? If the teacher will not listen, shall we go to the board?" "Yes, if you are prepared to prove every- thing that you are morally convinced of." "Well, shall we go to the parents?" "Go to the parents ! Well, I guess not, if you don't expect to be eternally ostracized from their society." Then Ruth's mother spoke. "Well, you would not care for that. They are a class of society that our Union ought to be interested in, and do the best for, whether they appreciate it or not." There was a smile on some of the faces at this speech, and they all realized how diffi- cult it would be to say anything to parents on the subject. Without coming to any conclusion, but wishing, as they had wished many times, that there might be some women on the school board who might be approached on 98 such subjects, and who would feel that they were matters of enough importance to in- vestigate, they separated. The fact was that while Ruth belonged to the set of which these accusations were true, she herself was not one of the culprits. The intense pride, that had influenced her in joining the set, likewise kept her aloof from its coarser aspects. She came in contact with them, she knew about them, and her moral sense was dwarfed, perhaps for all life; but she came from a clean, Puritan stock, and genera- tions of pure women had given her a herit- age that even in these social conditions was a safeguard. Ruth had some difficulty in getting all the time for promenading the streets that she wanted without exciting her mother's suspicion. If the hour was very late when she came from school, she pleaded head- ache and the need of fresh air. She was always so lady-like that her mother never questioned her behavior when away from her. Besides, she had good DODO'S SISTER. 99 standing in school, her marks were excel- lent, and to her mother she appeared the very ideal of a girl. If the girl who is morally in dangerous places would only make such tremendous breaks from the required social standards as the boy will, her danger could be so much more easily discovered and dealt with. Quite to the contrary, however, she is all the time deporting herself in the most ap- proved and lady-like manner. In the school Ruth was faithfully doing the required work, for her love of admira- tion would never permit her to fall behind her classmates. Oh, this love of admiration, how strong it is in womankind! No woman can be womanly without it. When it is narrowed entirely to personal appearances, and is obnoxiously apparent, we call it vanity ; but in its normal condition it is what has made woman lovable under the most trying cir- cumstances. She must be loved whatever 100 THE EVOLUTION OF else happens, and to be loved is to be ad- mired. This element was intense in Ruth. If it could have been rightly directed, it would have been the means of developing her into a strong, useful woman; but turned in the wrong direction it would have just the op- posite effect. To appear stupid would not have been so stinging to Ruth, it is true, as to appear common, or what she called vulgar; but she would have made a much greater effort than school requirements demanded to keep a respectable standing in school. She was in no sense dull. She had an ordinary supply of good brain power, and an unusual amount of pride and ambition. It was her misfortune that she had not had a strong, firm hand to guide her, and she was swept along in the current of public school life that appealed most strongly to her inclinations. ^ Her mother's hands and heart were crowded with duties. Not that she felt that DODD'S SISTER. 101 her children were neglected. To her a mother's duty was to care for the bodily wants of her children, to teach them gen- eral and formal Christian duties, and to send them to school. She did these things as well as she could. The little steps were carefully guided. But it is the little steps that need the least care. As the children grew older she had no power to penetrate their secret thoughts, much less to guide them. She had no power to know whether the inner spiritual life of the child was developing roundly and wholesomely. That word spiritual presents to so many minds just what it did to Ruth's mother. It was that element in the human soul that lit up sister Brown's face when she prayed, and it would come to her children when they were old enough if they attended prayer meeting and other means of its culti- vation. In the meantime, the real spiritual life of her daughter was a sealed book to her. There was not a genuine bond of sym- 102 THE EVOLUTION OF pathy between them. She had never really invited" the confidence of her child. It can never be forced from any child, and only comes spontaneously when she feels that in- fluence impelling her to reveal her feelings that a really congenial soul exerts. Others may wash and cook and sew for her, and it is a matter of little importance; but when another than the mother must be the girl's best friend, it is a grave misfor- tune. "Best friend" does not mean to the girl just what even Ruth might have thought. The chattering girl companion did not know her deepest life. There are deeps and deeps in the life of a young girl. Only an older person could ever have drawn confidences from her that were deep- est and most real, and that person had never yet come into her life. She had long, long thoughts that were left all unsettled because she had never come in contact with any one that called from her her real, inner life. DODIVS SISTER. 103 Strange, that the mother had so far for- gotten the days of her own girlhood, when the wonderful problems of life were just be- ginning to present themselves to her. She had never considered this contact with her child's life necessary. She had good, time- honored ideas about her duty. She was first to be a good housekeeper. Her own mother had impressed this idea upon her mind by many a precept and illustration. She had told her the story of the man who started out to find a wife. He went from house to house, asking for crumbs of dried bread dough from the last week's bread pan. When finally he was told by one house-wife that such things never ex- isted in that house, he said: "It is the daughter of this house that I want for my wife." Also in a book that her father had given her as a Christmas present she found an essay or two on "How to Choose a Wife." The point that was made most vivid to her girlish mind was the advice to young men 104 THE EVOLUTION OF that if, in walking behind a girl, they should see a raveling on her dress, to be sure of one thing, that she was not fitted to be a wife. Now, no such things as ravelings or dried bread crumbs ever remained unmolested in her house, and she considered herself pos- sessed of one of the great qualifications of motherhood. Housekeeping and mother- hood are no more related than gardening and fatherhood. The most ideal housekeeper may be a complete failure as a mother, and the moth- er who can keep her daughter's life as close to her as the apple is to the tree, may be very far from perfection in the matter of drawers and closets. Ruth had gone to her father occasional- ly when her mother had failed her. Her preacher father would have been shocked if he could have been aware of the tumult of thoughts that were stirred up in her mind when a visitor replied to a remark of his: DODD'S SISTER. 105 "That is a memory of some former exist- ence. You have lived before, you know." Her father merely laughed, and Ruth looked at him in doubt, wondering if he really believed that. She was unable to decide, and after much wondering said: "Papa, were we just made as we are, or have we really lived before, as Mr. Jennings said?" "Those are no thoughts for a child like you, Ruth. You are not old enough to talk about such things. Leave them alone until you are older." Why did not the good man add, "and we will explain them to you then?" In this childish brain, forever busy, there was a turmoil of thoughts that were sug- gested by the fragments of the conversa- tion of older people. She was shut out from all real com- munion by parents who were so convinced that it was their duty to appear wise to their children that they repelled any confidence that was dangerous to this ideal. 106 THE EVOLUTION OF The questioning child has always been called the thinking child, but the child that rarely questions is quite as often the thoughtful one. Ruth was with her mother very little of the time. The school hours were length- ened far into the afternoon, and only rarely did the mother expect any help from her. Almost apologetically she would say: "I did need you so much, Ruth, to help take care of the baby. He is so fretful now that he is teething that I haven't been able to do anything since dinner but take care of him. I want you to roll him in his car- riage and give him a little fresh air." "Why can't Mary do that? I don't want to go rolling a baby like a nurse girl." "Mary has all that she can do in the kitchen. If you had come home in time you might have ironed some of the plain clothes and given her time to take him out." "Well, I'm just not going to spread my hands doing hired girl's work. I'll take the DODD'S SISTER. 107 baby out to the hammock. There is just as much fresh air there as any place." So unwillingly she took the little fellow out of his mother's aching arms and car- ried him out to the hammock. He knew the unsympathetic touch, and kicked and screamed in resistance. "He won't be good with me. I don't know how to take care of babies." "You might learn with a little more pa- tience, dear." "I never can learn. I don't want to learn. I wish I lived with Auntie May where they don't have a lot of hateful babies to take care of." "O, Ruth, don't talk so. Just think what a gift from God our dear baby is." But Ruth was still unconvinced'. She carried the baby with an expression that showed an utter lack of an appreciation of the appropriateness of the gift. Once in the hammock, the little one was jerked back and forth, while Ruth stood wondering why so many of the girls could always have such 108 THE EVOLUTION OF nice clothes, while she was compelled to battle over each new garment, and do such disagreeable things as to rock babies. The baby responded to Ruth's mood, and sent forth such wails that it brought the mother to the scene of action. "Why don't you sit in the hammock with him and be more kind?" the mother sug- gested patiently. "I don't see what more I can do. I can swing him better this way." But the little arms went up and the under lip trembled at the mother's approach in such a pathetic way that Ruth gained her point, and the mother's tired arms once more held the heavy little body. It was these little victories that were gradually deciding the relation between mother and child. Ruth each day had less respect for her mother's opinion on any sub- ject, and less confidence in her ability to en- force obedience in what she resolutely determined not to do. Open rebellion would have called for DODD'S SISTER. 109 severe measures ; but a weak loving mother was gradually being conquered by a self- willed, selfish child. In the household, where her hands and feet could have saved her mother so many weary moments, very little was ever de- manded of her. Occasionally the father in- terfered, and insisted on some trifling house- hold duty being performed; but even he relented from his severity when he saw the violet eyes fill with tears, and the pretty lip tremble. She felt herself abused, and her sweet, feminine beauty appealed even to him, until he gave his tacit consent to a systematic course of training in pure selfishness. The little hands were kept white, the tapering nails were never broken, and the consideration of herself before all others was regarded as a natural right. Even thus favored, she considered herself abused that she was compelled to do with much less of the world's goods than many of her young friends. 110 THE EVOLUTION OF In after years, when the need of her parents' counsels was much more impor- tant, when she was too old for punishment or discipline, the parents wondered why, with all their kindness, their child should have such disregard for their wishes. The thought that Ruth could not always stay under their protecting roof, that she must some day come in contact with a world that would not use her as if she were a petted plaything, did not often occur to these inconsiderate parents. The mother had a dim notion that Ruth's beauty would raise her above the common lot of women. She failed to realize that her daughter's life must, in its phases of responsibility, be in some sense a repetition of her own; that her duties would be a woman's duties, call- ing for patience, self-sacrificing, and suf- fering. It is no doubt a beautiful and poetic idea that these sweet young girls are fair flowers, with no more serious mission than to shed their fragrance and beauty for the delight m DODD'S SISTER. Ill of mankind. Beautiful it would be, if it were only true. Beauty, however valued and sought, never makes life's duties any lighter for a woman, and there comes a time when she awakens to the fact that she was not created merely to beautify the earth, but to confront its hard and serious duties like the rest of human kind. It is always a shock, and often a serious one, and she revolts against her destiny only to make herself a burden to society. Of all the teachers into whose hands Ruth came, only one ever realized that these girls needed any special thought or care. They never ran away from school, or told lies, or refused to obey. They never in any way flagrantly disregarded the rules of the school. They were never rude or coarse. In fine, they were the show pupils. Was there an entertainment either in the school or in the Sunday school, these were the ones who were always put forward to speak, to sing, to pose. They were usually the favorites, or as the other girls called them, the "pets," 112 THE EVOLUTION OF and they accepted the relation as their na- tural right. The teachers stood somewhat in awe of their criticism. One woman there was who had been be- tween the mill-stones of life until she had learned their cruel grind to its full extent, who recognized the falseness of their ideals and motives. This woman, who had been left to perform the duties of motherhood to her little ones, and at the same time to earn their daily bread, one day led her little two-year-old into the school room. Many of the girls crowded around her, and tried all their pretty arts of coaxing to attract the little child. But none of the "swell" set were among them. A patronizing "How cute!" as they passed along was all the attention they deigned to bestow. "Why does a little child not have the same natural attraction for these girls as for the others?" was her query. She began to study into their lives. Secretiveness was so much a characteristic DODD'S SISTE'R. 113 with them that this was not an easy matter ; but with patience she found that the con- versation common among them was of a na- ture calculated to shock propriety. Not grossly obscene, it was saturated with suggestiveness. The woman who could best stifle the ma- ternal instincts was looked upon with ad- miration as an ideal of "smartness." They had their young lovers, and billet- doux of the most extravagant nature passed between them. With infinite tact this teacher began to ingratiate herself into the confidence of these girls. Her babies and the memory of a husband she loved were the sweetest things in life to her, and it appalled her to find that these girls, not yet in their maiden- hood, should hold all that these signified in contempt. Ruth impressed her as being the most susceptible, and she tried with all her art to draw her out with reference to her aims and ideals. 8 114 THE EVOLUTION OF Unfortunately, just as it appeared that she was having some influence, and elicit- ing some germs of confidence, a new ap- pointment moved the Weaver family to an- other locality. In a few weeks all impres- sion made by this woman upon Ruth had been effaced. If the nomadic life of her father had not compelled her to leave this woman at this critical period, she might have proved the open sesame to the truer and better nature of the girl. In another town and another school Ruth found the same set of companions. Wher- ever she went she never failed to find them. Sometimes they were more numerous, sometimes they were more saturated with these precocious and disastrous sentiments, but she never failed to find them. The teacher who had discovered what was the life and the ideal of these girls brought the matter up a little later at a teachers' meeting in as direct a way as she dared. The principal looked at her a moment as if she had completely lost her senses, and then DODD'S SISTER. 115 changed the subject to the consideration of the best method to regulate the match games of base ball. She did not allude to it again, yet she felt that it was a theme that needed serious thought. When Ruth again entered school she ha