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 MESSAGE 
 
 FROM THK 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 TWO HOUSES OF CONGRESS 
 
 AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE 
 
 SECOND SESSION OF THE FORTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS 
 
 WITH THE 
 
 REPORTS OF THE HEADS OF DEPARTMExNTS 
 
 SELECTIONS FROM ACCOMP.AJNYING DOCUMENTS. 
 
 EDITKl) UV 
 
 BEN: PEllLEY POOKE. 
 
 ^VASTTTXGTO>": 
 
 GOVER:s:yii!;iS' T ^UI^iTl^•G ufftce, 
 
 1882.
 
 Trepared in accordauco with the provisions of the Revised Statutes, approved Juno 
 23, 1874. 
 
 Skc. 75. The Joint Committee on Public Printing shall appoint a competent person, 
 ■who shall edit such portion of the documents accompanying the annual reports of the 
 Departments as they may deem suitable for popular distribution, and prepare au 
 alphabetical index thereto. 
 
 Sec. 100. The head of each Department, except the Department of Justice, shall 
 furnish to the Congressional Printer copies of the documents usually accompanying 
 his annual report on or before the first day of November in each year, and a copy of 
 his annual report on or before the third Monday of liovember in each year. 
 
 Sec. '.>796. Of the documents named in this section there shall be printed and bound, 
 in addition to the usual numberfor Congress, the following numbers of copies, namely : 
 
 * * * * # • # # 
 
 Second. Of the President's message, the annual reports of tlie Executive Depart- 
 ments, and the abridgment of accompanying documents, unless otherwise ordered by 
 either house, ten thousaud cop*es for the use of the members of the Senate audtwcnty- 
 iive thousaud coxiies for the use of the members of the House of Eepreseutalives.
 
 3"^ ;i. 
 
 C4^ 
 
 OF 
 
 THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 ^ To the Senate and 
 
 House of Representatives 
 
 of the United States : 
 " It is provided by the Constitution that the President shall from time 
 "^ to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and 
 recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge nec- 
 £, essary and expedient. 
 
 S In reviewing the events of the year which has elapsed since the com- 
 r-t mencement of your sessions, I first call your attention to the gratifying 
 ^ condition of our foreign affairs. Our intercourse with other Towers 
 ii has continued to be of the most friendly character. 
 
 Such slight differences as have arisen during the year have been 
 already settled or are likely to reach an early adjustment. The arrest 
 ^ of citizens of the United States in Ireland under recent laws which owe 
 -• their origin to the disturbed condition of that country has led to a 
 f somewhat extended correspondence with the Government of Great 
 ^ Britain. A disposition to respect our rights has been practically maui- 
 -)" fest«d by the release of the arrested parties. 
 
 The claim of this nation in regard to the supervision and control of 
 ■^ any inter-oceanic canal across the American Isthmus has contiiniod 
 
 to be the subject of conference. 
 5 It is likely that time vrill be more poAverful than discussion in romov- 
 - ing the divergence between the two nations, whose friendship is so 
 h closely cemented by the intimacy of their relations and the coiinmmity 
 of their interests. 
 
 Our long-established friendliness with Kussia has remained unshaken. 
 It has prompted me to ])roffer the earnest counsels of this government 
 that measures bo adopted for suppressing the pros(;rii)tion which the 
 ]Iebrew race in that country has lately sulFered. It has not transpired 
 that any American citizen has been subjected to arrest or injury, but 
 our courteous remonstrance has nevertheless been court«'ously received. 
 There is reason to believe that the time is not far distant when Ivussia 
 will be able to secure toleration to all faiths within her borders. 
 
 At an international convention held at Paris in 18S(), and atten«led 
 by representatives of the United States, an agreement was reached iu
 
 4 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 res])('ct to tlic protection of trade- iinuks, patented iirtieles, and the 
 rights of manufacturing- tirniB and corporations. Tlie forniiilatiiig into 
 treaties of the recommendations thus adopted is receiving the attention 
 which it merits. 
 
 The protection of submarine cables is a subject now under considera- 
 tion by an international conference at Paris. Believing that it is clearly 
 the true policy of this government to favor the neutralization of this 
 means of intercourse, I requested our minister to France to attend the 
 convention as a delegate. I also designated two of our eminent scien- 
 tists to attend as our representatives at the meeting of an international 
 committee at Paris, for considering the adoption of a fM)mmon unit to 
 measure electric force. 
 
 In view of the frequent occurrence of conferences for the considera- 
 tion of important matters of common interest to civilized nations, I re- 
 spectfully suggest that the Executive be invested by Congress with 
 discretionary power to send delegates to such conventions, and that 
 provision bo made to defray the expenses incident thereto. 
 
 The difference between the United States and Spain as to the effect 
 of a judgment and certificate of naturalization has not yet been ad- 
 justed ; but it is hoped and believed that negotiations now in progress 
 will result in the establishment of the iwsition which seems to this 
 government so reasonable and just. 
 
 I have already called the attention of Congress to the fact that in the 
 ports of Spain and its colonies onerous fines have lately been imposed 
 upon vessels of the United States for trivial technical offenses against 
 local regulations. Efforts for the abatement of these exactions have 
 thus far proved unsuccessful. 
 
 I regret to inform you also that the fees demanded by Spanish con- 
 suls in American ports are in some cases so large, when compared 
 with the value of the cargo, as to amount in effect to a considerable 
 export duty, and that our remonstrances in this regard have not as yet 
 received the attention which they seem to deserve. 
 
 The German Government has invited the United States to participate 
 in an international exhibition of domestic cattle, to be held at Ham- 
 burg in July, 1883. If this country is to be represented, it is important 
 that, in the early days of this session, Congress should make a suitable 
 appropriation for that purpose". 
 
 The death of Mr, Marsh, our late minister to Italy, has evoked from 
 that government expressions of profound respect for his exalted char- 
 acter and for his honorable career in the diplomatic service of his 
 country. The Italian Government has raised a question as to the pro- 
 priety of recoguiziug in his dual capacity the representative of this 
 country recently accredited both as secretary of legation and as con- 
 sul-general at Rome. He has been received as secretary, but his exe- 
 quatur as consul-general has thus far been withheld.
 
 AXNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 5 
 
 T1)0 extradition convention with Belgium, wliicli has been in opera- 
 tion .since 1874, has been lately sui)plante(l by another. The Senate 
 has signified its approval and ratifications have been duly exchanged 
 between the contracting countries. To the list of extra<litable crimes 
 has been added that of the assassination or attemi)ted assassiuat'on of 
 the chief of the state. 
 
 Negotiations have been opened with Svvitzerhind lonking to ;i settle- 
 ment by treaty of the question whether its citizens can renounce their 
 allegiance and become citizens of the United. States without obtaining 
 the consent of the Swiss Government. 
 
 I am glad to inform yon that the immigration of x^aupers and criminals 
 from certain of tlie cantons of Switzerland has substantially cea.sed and 
 is no longer sanctioned by the authorities. 
 
 The consideration of this subject prompts the suggestion that the act 
 of August 3, 1882, whicii has for its object the return of foreign convicts 
 to their own country, should be so modified as not to be oi)en to the 
 interpretation that it aliects the extradition of criminals on prefened 
 charges of crime. 
 
 The Ottoman Porte has not yet assented to the interpretation which 
 this government has put upon the treaty of 1830 relative to its juris- 
 dictional rights in Turkey. It may well be, however,«that this differ- 
 ence will be adjusted by a general revision of the system of jurisdiction 
 of the United States in the countries of the East — a subject to which 
 your attention has been already called by the Secretary of State. 
 
 In the interest of justice towards China and Japan, I trust that the 
 question of the return of the indemnity fund to the governments of those 
 countries will reach, at the present session, the satisfactory solution 
 Avhich I have already recommended, and whicli has recently been fore- 
 shadowed by Congressional discussion. 
 
 The treaty latelj^ concluded with Corea awaits the action of tlie 
 Senate. 
 
 During the late disturbance in Egypt the timely i>resence of Amer- 
 ican vessels served as a protection to the persons and projieity of many 
 of our own citizens and of citizens of other countries, whose governments 
 have expressed their thanks for tliis assistance. 
 
 The recent legislation restricting immigration of laborers from China 
 has given rise to the question whellier Chinese proceeding to or from 
 another country may lawfully i)ass through our own. 
 
 Construing the act of May G, 1881.', in connection with the treaty of 
 November 7, 1880, the restriction would seem to be limited to Chiueso 
 immigrants coming to tlie United States as laborers, and would not 
 forbid a mere transit across our territory. I ask the attention of Con- 
 gress to the subject for such action, if any, as tnaj'be deemetl advisable. 
 
 This government has recently had occasion to manifest its interest 
 in the Kepublic of Liberia by seeking to aid the amicable settlement 
 of the boundary dispute now pending between that n^public and tlie 
 British possession of Sierra Leone.
 
 6 ANNUAL MESSAGE OP THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 The reciprocity treaty with Hawaii will become terminable after Sep- 
 tember 1), 1883, on twelve mouths' notice by either party. While certain 
 provisions of that compact may have proved onerous, its existence has 
 fostered commercial relations which it is important to preserve. I sug- 
 gest, therefore, that early consideration be given to such modifications 
 of the treaty as seem to be demanded by the interests of our i)eople. 
 
 In view of our increasing trade with both Hayti and Santo Domingo, 
 I advise that provision bo made for diplomatic intercourse with the 
 flatter, by enlarging the scope of the mission at Port-au-Prince. 
 
 I regret that certain claims of American citizens against the Govern- 
 ment of Hayti have thus far been urged umivailingly. 
 
 A recent agreement with Mexico provides for the crossingof the front- 
 'ier by the armed forces of either country in pursuit of hostile Indians. 
 In my message of last year I caUed attention to the prevalent lawlessness 
 iupon the borders and to the necessity of legislaton for its suppression. 
 ;I again invite the attention of Congress to the subject. 
 
 A partial relief from these mischiefs has been sought in a convention, 
 which now awaits the apjiroval of the Senate, as does also another 
 touching the establishment of the international boundary between the 
 United States and Mexico. If the latter is ratified, the action of Con- 
 gress will be required for establishing suitable commissions of survej'-. 
 The boundary dispute between Mexico and Guatemala, which led this 
 government to proffer its friendly counsels to both parties, has been 
 amicably settled. 
 
 No change has occurred in our relations with Venezuela. I again 
 invoke your action in the matter of the pending awards against that 
 republic to which reference was made by a special message from the 
 Executive at your last session. 
 
 An invitation has been received from the Government of Venezuela 
 to send representatives in July, 1883, to Caracas, for participating in 
 the centennial celebration of the birth of Bolivar, the founder of South 
 American independence. In connection with this event it is designed 
 to commence the erection at Caracas of a statue of Washington, and 
 to conduct an industrial exhibition which will be open to American 
 products. I recommend that the United States be represented, ami 
 that suitable provision be made therefor. 
 
 The elevation of the grade of our mission in Central America to the 
 I)leuipoteutiary rank, which was autliorized by Congress at its late ses- 
 sion, has been since effected. 
 
 The war between Peru and Bolivia on the one side and Chili on the 
 other began more than three years ago. On the occupation by ChiU 
 in 1880 of all the littoral territory of Bolivia, negotiations for peace 
 were conducted under the direction of the United States. The allies 
 refused to concede any territory, but Chili has since become master of 
 the whole coast of both countries and of the capital of Peru. A year 
 since, as you have already been advised by correspondence transmitted 
 ;to you in January last, this government sent a special mission to the
 
 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 7 
 
 belligerent powers to express the Lope that Chili would bo disixjsed to 
 accept a money indemnity for the expenses of the war and to relinquish 
 her demand for a portion of the territory of her antagonist. 
 
 This recommendation, which Chili declined to follow, this government 
 did not assume to enforce ; nor can it be enforced witliout resort to 
 measures which would be in keeping neither with the temper of our 
 people nor with the spirit of our institutions. 
 
 The power of Peru no longer extends over its whole territory, and, 
 in the event of our interference to dictate peace, would need to be sn\>- 
 plemented by the armies and navies of the United States. Such inter- 
 ference would almost inevitably lead to the establishment of a protect- 
 orate — a result utterly at odds with our past policy, injurious to our 
 present interests, and full of embarrassments for tlie future. 
 
 For effecting the termination of hostilities upon terms at once just to 
 the victorious nation and generous to its adversaries, this government 
 has 8i)ared no efforts save such as might involve the complications 
 which I have indicated. 
 
 It is greatly to be dei)lored that Chili seems resolved to exact such 
 rigorous conditions of peace and indisposed to submit to arbitration tlie 
 terms of an amicable settlement. No peace is likely to be lasting that 
 is not sufliciently equitable and just to command the approval of other 
 nations. 
 
 About a year since, invitations were extended to the nations of this 
 continent to send representatives to a peace congress to assemble at 
 "Washington in November, 1882. The time of meeting Avas fixed at a 
 period then remote, in the hope, as the invitation itself declared, that in 
 the mean time the disturbances between the South American republics 
 would be adjusted. As that expectation seemed unlikely to be realized 
 I asked in April last for an expression of opinion fiom the two houses 
 of Congress as to the advisability of holding the proposed convention 
 at the time appointed. This action was prompted in jiart by doubts 
 which mature rellection had suggested whether the diplonuitic usage 
 and traditions of the government did not make it fitting that the Ex- 
 ecutive should consult the representatives of the people before pursuing 
 a line of i)olicy somewhat novel in its character, and far-reaching in 
 its possible consequences. In view of the fact that no action was taken 
 by Congress in the premises and that no provision had been made for 
 necessary expenses, I subsequently decided to postpone the convocation, 
 and so notifiedthe several governments which had been invited to attend. 
 
 I am unwilling to dismiss this subject without assuring you of my 
 support of any measures tlie wisdom of Congress may devise for the 
 I)romotion of peace on this continent and throughout tlie world, and I 
 trust tl^|it the time is nigh when, with the universal assent of civilized 
 peoples, all international difl\irences shall be determined witliout resort 
 to arms by the benignant processes of arbitration. 
 
 Changes have occurred in the diplomatic representation of several 
 lj(>reigu powers during the past year. New ministers from the Argeii-
 
 8 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 tine Kepublic, Austria- Iluiigiiiy, Brazil, Chili, China, France, Japan, 
 Mexico, the Netherlands, and Russia have presented their credentials. 
 The missions of Denniaik and Venezuela at this capital have been raised 
 in grade. Switzerland has created a plenipotentiary mission to this 
 gove.niment, and an embassy from Madagascar and a minister from 
 Siam will shortly arrive. 
 
 Our di])lomatic intercourse has been enlarged by the establishment 
 of relations with the new Kingdom of Servia, by the creation of a mission 
 to Siam, and by the restoration of the mission to Greece. The Shah of 
 Persia has expressed his gratification that a charge d'affaires will shortly 
 be sent to that country, where the rights of our citizens have been 
 hitherto courteously guarded by the representatives of Great Britain. 
 
 I renew my recommendation of such legislation as wall j)lace the 
 United States in harmony with other maritime powers with respect to 
 the international rules for the prevention of collisions at sea. 
 
 In conformity with your joint resolution of the 3d of August last, I 
 have directed the Secretary of State to address foreign governments in 
 respect to a proposed conference for considering the subject of the uni- 
 versal adoption of a common prime meridian to be used in the reckon- 
 ing of longitude and in the regulation of time throughout the civilized 
 world. Their replies will, in due time, be laid before you. 
 
 An agreement was reached at Paris in 1875 between the principal 
 Powers for the interchange of official publications through the medium 
 of their respective Foreign Departments. 
 
 The admirable system which has been built up by the enteq)rise of 
 the Smithsonian Institution affords a practical basis for our co-opera- 
 tion in this scheme, and an arrangement has been effected by which 
 that institution will perform the necessary labor, under the direction of 
 the Department of State. A reasonable compensation therefor should 
 be provided by law. 
 
 A clause in the act making apj^ropriations for the diplomatic and 
 consular service contemplates the reorganization of both branches of 
 such service on a salaried basis, leaving fees to inure to the benefit of 
 the Treasury. I cordially favor such a project, as likely to correct 
 abuses in the present system. The Secretary of State will present to 
 you at an early day a plan for such reorganization. 
 
 A full and interesting exhibit of the operations of the Treasury De- 
 partment is afforded by the report of the Secretary. 
 
 It appears that the ordinary revenues fi'om all sources for the fiscal 
 year ended June 30, 1882, were as follows : 
 
 From customs $220, 410, 730 25 
 
 From internal revenue 146, 497, 595 45 
 
 From sales of public lands 4, 75|, 140 37 
 
 From tax on circulation and deposits of national banks . 8, 956, 794 45 
 From repayment of interest by Pacific Railway Com- 
 panies 840, 554 37 
 
 From sinking fund for Pacific Railway Comi)anies . . . 790, 271 42
 
 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 From customs fees, fines, penalties, &'c 8'/, 343, 348 00 
 
 From fees — consular, letters ])atent, and lands !>, G38, 990 97 
 
 From proceeds of sales of g-overnment property 314, 959 85 
 
 From profits on coina.tie, bullion deposits, an<l assays. 4, 116, 693 73 
 
 From Indian trust funds 5, 705, 243 22 
 
 From deposits by iudividuals for surveying pu'clic 
 
 lands. 2,052,306 36 
 
 From revenues of the District of Columbia 1, 715, 176 41 
 
 From miscellaneous sources , 3, 383, 445 43 
 
 Total ordinary receipts 403 
 
 The ordinary expenditures for the ssMiie period were — 
 
 For civil expenses $18 
 
 For foreign intercourse ., 1 
 
 For Indians 9 
 
 For pensions 61 
 
 For the military establislime>»t, including river and 
 
 harbor improvements, and arsenals 43 
 
 For the naval establish ni'^.nt, including vessels, ma- 
 chinery, and improvcmv^jits at navy-yards 15 
 
 For miscellaneous expen/iitures, including public build- 
 ings, light-houses, ai\d collecting the revenue 34 
 
 For expenditures o» account of the District of Co- 
 lumbia 3 
 
 For interest on tVAt public debt 71 
 
 Total ordinary expenditures 257 
 
 Leaving a s«crrplus revenue of 145 
 
 Which, v:'ith an amount drawn from the cash bal- 
 ance \n the Ti'easur,y of 20 
 
 Making , ,. 166 
 
 Was applied to the redemption — 
 
 Of bonds for the sinking fund 60 
 
 Of fractional currency for the sinking fund 
 
 Of loan of July and August, 1861 62 
 
 Of loan of IMa'rch, 1863 -^ 
 
 Of funded loan of 1881... 
 
 Of loan of 1858 
 
 Of loan of February, 1861 
 Of five-twenties of 1862 . . 
 Of five- twenties of 1864 . . 
 Of five-twenties of 1865 . . 
 
 Of ten-forties of 1864 
 
 Of consols of 18C5 
 
 ot 
 
 525, 250 28 
 
 042,386 42 
 307,583 19 
 736,747 40 
 345,193 95 
 
 570,494 19 
 
 032, 046 2G 
 
 539,237 50 
 
 330,543 87 
 077,206 79 
 
 981,439 57 
 
 543,810 71 
 737,694 84 
 
 281,505 55 
 
 079,150 00 
 
 58, 705 1)5 
 
 572,050 00 
 
 472,900 00 
 
 194.450 00 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 30 5,000 00 
 
 2,100 00 
 
 7,400 00 
 
 6,500 00 
 
 254,550 00 
 
 86,450 00
 
 10 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 Of coiisous of 1807 $iOS, 250 00 
 
 Of consols of LSOS lil, 400 00 
 
 Of Oregon w;ar debt, . . 075, 250 00 
 
 Of old (lemant^!,comi)()un{l-inlei'est,au(l other notes. 18,350 00 
 
 100,281,505 55 
 The foreign conuntMce of the United States during tlie last fiscal 
 year, including iinporus and exports of merchandise and specie, was 
 as follows : 
 
 Exports : Merchandise . $750, 542, 257 
 
 Specie 49, 417, 479 
 
 Total 709, 959, 730 
 
 Imxjorts : Merchandise 724, 039, 574 
 
 Specie 42, 472, 390 
 
 Total 707,111,904 
 
 Excess of exports over iini)orts of niercha;idise 25, 902, 083 
 
 This excess is less than it has been before for any of the previous six 
 years, as appears by the following table : 
 
 Year ended Jnne 30— 
 
 Excess of exports 
 over imports of 
 merchandise. 
 
 187G 
 
 $79,043,481 
 151, 152, 094 
 257, 814, 234 
 
 1877 ,.,.. 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 264, G61, CCC 
 
 1880 
 
 167, G83, 912 
 259, 712, 718 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 25, 902, 683 
 
 
 
 During the year there have been organized 171 national bankc, and 
 of those institutions there are now in operation 2,209, a larger nun:ber 
 than ever before. The value of their notes in active circulation on Jitly 
 1, 1882, was $324,050,458. 
 
 I commend to your attention the Secretary's views in reject to the 
 likelihood of a serious contraction of this circulation, and to the modes 
 by which that result may, in his judgment, be averted. 
 
 In respect to the coinage of silver dollars and the retirement of silver 
 certificates I have seen nothing to alter but much to confirm the senti- 
 ments to which I gave expression last year. 
 
 A comi)arison between the respective amounts of silver- dollar circula- 
 tion on November 1, 1881, and on November 1, 1882, shows a slight 
 increase of a million and a half of dollars. But during the interval there 
 had been in the Avhole number coined an increase of twenty-six millions. 
 Of the one hundred and twenty-eight millions thus far minted, little
 
 ANNUAL MESSAGE OP THE PRESroENT. 11 
 
 more than thirty-five millious are in circulation. The mass of accumu- 
 lated coin has grown so great that the vault room at present available 
 for storage is scarcely sullicieut to contain it. It is not api)areMt why 
 it is desirable to continue this coinage, now so enormously in excess of 
 the public demand. 
 
 As to the silver certificates, in addition to the grounds which seemed 
 last year to justify their retirement may be mentioned the effect which 
 is likely to ensue from the supply of gold certificates, for whose issu- 
 ance Congress recently made provision, and which are now in active 
 circulation. 
 
 You cannot fail to note with interest the discussion by the Secretary 
 as to the necessity of providing by legislation some mode of freeing the 
 Treasury of an excess of assets, in the event that Congress fails to reach 
 an early agreement for the reduction of taxation. 
 
 I heartily approve the Secretary's recommendation of immediate and 
 extensive reductions in the annual revenues of the government. 
 
 It will be remembered that I urged upon the attention of Congress 
 at its last session the importance of relieving the industry and enterprise 
 of the country from the pressure of unnecessary taxation. It is one 
 of the tritest maxims of political economy that all taxes are burden- 
 some, however wisely and prudently imposed. And thongh there 
 have always been among our people wide differences of sentiment 
 as to the best methods of raising the national revenues, and, indeed, 
 as to the principles upon which taxation should be based, there has 
 been substantial accord in the doctrine that only such taxes ought 
 to be levied as are necessary for a wise and economical "administration of 
 the government. Of late the public revenues have far exceeded that 
 limit, and unless checked by appropriate legislation such excess will 
 continue to increase from year to year. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 
 1881, the surplus revenue amounted to one hundretl millions of dolhirs; 
 for the fiscal year ended on the 30tli of June last the surplus was more 
 than one hundred and forty-five millions. 
 
 The report of the Secretary shows what disposition has been made 
 of these moneys. They have not only answered the requirements of the 
 sinking fund, but have aflbrded a large balance applicable to other 
 reductions of the public debt. 
 
 But I renew the expression of my conviction that such rapid extin- 
 guishment of the national indebtedness as is now taking ]tlace is by no 
 means a cause for congratulation ; it is a cause rather for serious ap- 
 prehension. 
 
 If it continues, it mu^ speedily be followed by one of the evil results 
 so clearly set fortfi in the report of the Secretary. 
 
 Either the surjilus must lie idle in the Treasury, or the gov(»rnnu'nt 
 will be forced to buj-, at market rates, its bonds not then rcdeemal)!!', 
 and which, under such circumstances, cannot fail to command an enor- 
 mous premium, or the swollen revenues will be devoted to extravagant
 
 12 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 exi)eii(liture, wliicli, as expei-ience lias tauglit, is ever the bane of an 
 overtlowiiiff treasury. 
 
 Jt was made a])i)arent in tlie course of tlio aiiimat(Ml discussions wliich 
 this question aiousod at tlie hist session of Coui;ress that tlie policy of 
 diminishing the revenue by reducing taxation commanded the general 
 approval of the members of both houses. 
 
 I regret tliat because of conflicting views as to tlie best metliods by 
 which that policy slioukl be made oxierative none of its benefits have as 
 yet been reaped. 
 
 In fulfillment of what I deem my constitutional duty, but with little 
 hope that I can make valuable contribution to this vexed question, I 
 shall proceed to intimate briefly my own views in relation to it. 
 
 Upon the showing of our financial condition at the close of the last 
 fiscal year, I felt justified in recommending to Congress the abolition of 
 all internal-revenue taxes except those ui)OU tobacco in its various forms 
 and upon distilled spirits and fermented liquors ; and except also the 
 special tax upon the manufacturers of and dealers in such articles. 
 
 I venture now to suggest that, uidess it shall be ascertained that the 
 probable expenditures of the government for the coming year have 
 been underestimated, all internal taxes, save those which relate to dis- 
 tilled spirits, can be prudently a.brogated. 
 
 Such a course, if accompanied by a simi3lifi cation of the machinery of 
 collection, which would then be easy of accomplishment, might reason- 
 ably be expected to result in diminishing the cost of such collection by 
 at least two millions and a half of dollars, and in the retirement from 
 office of from fifteen hundred to two thousand persons. 
 
 The system of excise duties has never commended itself to the favor 
 of the American peoi)le, and has never been resorted to except for sup- 
 ])lying deficiencies in the Treasury when, by reason of special exigencies, 
 the duties on imports have proved inadequate for the needs of the gov- 
 ernment. The sentiment of the country doubtless demands that the 
 ])resent excise tax shall be abolished as soon as such a course can be 
 safely pursued. 
 
 It seems to me, however, that, for various reasons, so sweeping a meas- 
 ure as the total abolition of internal taxes would for the present be an 
 unwise step. 
 
 Two of these reasons are deserving of special mention : 
 
 First, it is by no means clear that even if the existing system of 
 duties on imports is continued without modification, those duties alone 
 will yield suflicient revenue for all the needs of the government! It is 
 estiniated that one hundred millions of dollars will be required for 
 pensions during the coming j'ear, and it may well be doubted whether 
 the maximum annual demand for that object has yet been reached. 
 Uncertaiiity upon this question would alone justify, in my judgment, the 
 retention for the present of that portion of the system of internal revenue 
 which is least objectionable to the people.
 
 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 13 
 
 Second, a total abolition of excise taxes would almost inevitably 
 prove a serious if not an insurmoaintable obstacle to a thorough revision 
 of the tariff and to any considerable reduction in import duties. 
 
 The present tariff system is in many respects uujust. It makei? une- 
 qual distributions both of its burdens and its beuetits. This fact was 
 practically recognized by a majority of each honse of Congress in the 
 passage of the act creating the Tariff Commission. The report of that 
 commission will be placed before you at the beginning of this session, 
 and will, I trust, afford you such information as to the condition and 
 prospects of the various commercial, agricultural, manufacturing, min- 
 ing, and other interests of the country and contain sucii suggestions for 
 statutory revision as will practically aid your action upon this im porta wt 
 subject. 
 
 The revenue from customs for the fiscal year ended June 30, )S79, 
 amounted to $137,000,000. 
 
 It has in the three succeeding years reached, first, $180,000,000 ; then, 
 $198,000,000; and finally, as has been already stated, $:J2O,O(>i5,O0O. 
 
 The income from this source for the fiscal year which ^vriu end on 
 Jane 30, 1883, will doubtless be considerably in excess of the sum last 
 mentioned. 
 
 If the tax on domestic spirits is to be retained, it- is plain there- 
 fore that large reductions from the customs revenue y.re entirely feasi- 
 ble. While recommending this reduction I am far from advising the 
 abandonment of the policy of so discriminating ijri the adjustment of 
 details as to attbrd aid and protection to douiostic labor. But the 
 present system should be so revised as to equalize the public burden 
 among all classes and occupations, and bring- it into closer harmony 
 Avith the present needs of industry. 
 
 AVithout entering jnto minute detail, which, under present circum- 
 stances, is quite unnecessary, I recommend an enlargement of the free 
 list so as to include within it the numerous articles which yield incon- 
 siderable revenue, a simplification of the complex and inconsistent 
 schedule of duties upon certain manufacUires, jiarticularly those of 
 cotton, iron, and steel, and a substantial reduction of the duties njion 
 those articles, and upon sugar, molasses, silk, wool, and woolen goods. 
 
 If a general revisiou of the tariff shall be found to be impracticable at 
 this session, I expre.'-.s the hope that at least some of the more conspicu- 
 ous inequalities of the present law may be corrected before your final 
 adjournment. One of them is specially referred to by the Secretary. 
 In view of a recent decision of the Su])reme Court, the necessity of 
 a'-Viending the law by which the Dutch standard of color is adopted as 
 the test of the saccharine strength of sugars is too olivions to rcfpiin' 
 comment. 
 
 From the report of the Secretary of War it appears that the only 
 outbreaks of Indians during the past year occurred in Arizona and in
 
 14 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 the southwestern part of New Mexico. They were promptly quelled 
 and the quiet which has prevailed in all other j)arts of the country has 
 permitted such an addition to be made to the niilitary force in the region 
 endangered by the Apaches that there is little reason to apprehend 
 trouble in the future. 
 
 Those parts of the Secretary's report which relate to our sea coast 
 defences and their armament suggest the gravest reflections. Our ex- 
 isting fortifications are notoriously inadequate to the defense of the 
 gTcat harbors and cities for whose protection they were built. 
 
 The question of providing an armament suited to our present neces- 
 sities has been the suTyect of consideration by a Board, whose report 
 \Vas transmitted to Congress at the last session. Pending the consider- 
 ation of that report, the War Department has taken no steps for the 
 manufacture or conversion of any heavy cannon, but the Secretary ex- 
 ]nesseits the hope that authority and means to begin that important work 
 will be' soon provided. I invite tlie attention of Congress to the ])ro- 
 priety of making more adequate provision for arming and equipping 
 the militia than is afforded by the act of 1808, which is still ui)on the 
 statute-book. The matter has already been the subject of discussion in 
 the Senate, au\l a bill which seeks to supply the deficiencies of existing 
 laws is now upi;£i its calendar. 
 
 The Secretary pf War calls attention to an embarrassment grow- 
 ing out of the rece'Xit act of Congress making the retirement of officers 
 of the army comput^x^ry at the age of sixty-four. The act of 1878 is 
 still in force, which limits to four hundred the number of those who' 
 can be retired for disability or upon their own application. The two 
 acts, when construed together, seem to forbid the relieving, even for 
 absolute incapacity, of oflicers who do not fall within the purview of 
 the later statute, save at sucli times as there chance to be less than 
 four hundred names on the retired list. There are now four hundred 
 and twenty. It is not likely that Congress intended this result, and I 
 concur with the Secretary, that the law ought to be amended. 
 
 The grounds that impelled me to withheld my signature from the bill 
 entitled "An act making appropriations for tlie construction, repair, and 
 preservation of certain works on rivers and hjirbors," which became a 
 law near the close of your last session, prompt me to express the hope 
 that no similar measure will be deemed necessary during the present 
 session of Congress. Indeed, such a measure would now be open to a 
 serious objection in addition to that which was lately urged upon your 
 attention. I am informed by the Secretary of War that the greater 
 portion of the sum appropriated for the various items specified in th^t 
 act rem;iius unexpended. 
 
 Of the new works which it authorized, expenses have been incurred 
 upon two only, for which the total appropriatioii was 6210,000. The 
 present available balance is disclosed by the following table:
 
 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 15 
 
 Amount of appropriation by act of August 2, 1S82 $18, 738, 875 
 
 Amount of api>ropriation by act of June 19, 1882 10, 000 
 
 Amount of appropriation for payments to J. B. Eads 304, 000 
 
 Unexpended balance of former appropriations 4, 738, 263 
 
 23, 701, 138 
 Less amount dra^vn from Treasury between July 1, 1882, 
 and November 30, 1882 G, 050, 194 
 
 $17, 734, 944 
 It is apparent by this exhibit, that so far as concerns most of the 
 items to which the act of August 2, 1882, relates, there can be no need 
 of further appropriations until after tlie close of the present session. 
 If, however, any action should seem to be necessary in respect to par- 
 ticular objects, it will be entirely feasible to provide ft)r those objects l)y 
 appropriate legislation. It is possible, for example, that a delay until 
 the assembling of the next Congress to make additional i)rovision for 
 the Mississipx)i Eiver imj>rovements might be attended with serious 
 consequences. If such should appear to be the case, a just bill relating 
 to that subject would command my approval. 
 
 This leads me to offer a suggestion which I trust will coianicnd itself 
 to the wisdom of Congress. Is it not advisable that grants of consid- 
 erable sums of money for diverse and independent schemes of internal 
 improvement should be made the subjects of separate and distinct leg- 
 islativtj enactments ? It will scarcely be gainsaid, even by those who 
 favor the most liberal expenditures for such i)urposes as are sought to 
 be accomplished by what is commonly called the river and harbor bill, 
 that the practice of grouping in such a bill appropriations for a great 
 diversity of objects, widely' separated, either in their nature or in the 
 locality with which they are concerned, or in both, is one which is 
 much to be deprecated unless it is irremediable. It inevitably tends to 
 secure the success of the bill as a whole, though numy of the items, if 
 separately considered, could scarcely fail of rejection. By the adoption 
 of the course I have recommended, every member of Congress, when- 
 ever o])portunity should arise for giving his influence and vote for mei-i- 
 torious appropriations, would be enabled so to do without being called 
 upon to sanction others undeserving his approval. So also would the 
 Executive be afforded thereby full opportunity to exercise his constitu- 
 tional prerogative of opposing whate\'er appropriations seemed to him 
 objectionable, without imi)eriling the success of others which commend- 
 ed themselves to his judgment. 
 
 It may be urged in opposition to these suggestions that the number 
 of works of internal improvement which are justly enlitU'd to govern- 
 mental aid is so great as to render impracticable separate appropriation 
 bills therefor, or even for such com]>aratively limited numher as make 
 disposition of large sums of money. Tliis objection may be well fouTuled, 
 and, whether it be or not, the advantages which would bo likely to ensue
 
 16 ANNUAI. JVfESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 irom the adoptiou of the course I have recommended may x)eihaps be 
 more effectually attained l)y another, which I respectfully submit to 
 Congress as an alternative proposition. 
 
 It is provided by the constitutions of fourteen of our States that the 
 Executive may disapprove any item or items of a bill appropriating 
 money ; whereu])on the part of the bill approved shall be law, and the 
 jjart disapproved shall fail to become law, unless repassed according 
 to the provisions prescribed for the passage of bills over the veto of 
 the Executive. The States wherein some such provision as the fore- 
 going is a part of the fundamental law are, Alabama, California, Colo- 
 rado, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Minnesota, IVIissouri, Nebraska, New 
 Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, and West Virginia. I com- 
 mend to your careful consideration the question whether an amendment 
 of the Federal Constitution in the particular indicated would not afford 
 the best remedy for what is often a grave embrrrassment both to mem- 
 bers of Congress and to the Executive, and is sometimes a serious public 
 mischief. 
 
 The report of the Secretary of the Navy states the movements of the 
 various squadrons diuing the year, in home and foreign waters, where 
 our ofiQcers and seamen, with such ships as we possess, have continued 
 to illustrate the high character and excellent discipline of the naval 
 organization. 
 
 On the 21st of December, 1881, information was received that the 
 exploring steamer Jeannette had been crushed and abandoned in the 
 Arctic Ocean. The officers and crew, after a joiu-ney over the ice, em- 
 barked in three boats for the coast of Siberia. One of the parties, under 
 the command of Chief Engineer George W. Melville, reached the land, 
 and, falling in with the natives, was saved. Another, under Lieutenant- 
 Commander De Long, landed in a barren region near the mouth of the 
 Lena River. After six weeks had elapsed all but two of the number 
 had died from fatigue and starvation. No tidings have been received 
 fix)m the party in the third boat, under the command of Lieutenant 
 Chipp, but a long and fruitless investigation leaves little doubt that all 
 its members perished at sea. As a slight tribute to their heroism I give 
 in this communication the names of the gallant men who sacrificed their 
 lives on this expedition: Lieutenant-Commander George W. De Long, 
 Surgeon James M. Amblej-, Jerome J. Collins, Hans Habner Erichsen 
 Heinrich H. Kaacke, George W. Boyd, Walter Lee, Adolph Dressier 
 Carl A. Gortz, Nelse Iverson, the cook Ah Sam, and the Indian Alexy 
 The officers and men in the missing boat were Lieut. Charles W. Chii)p 
 commanding; William Dunbar, Alfred Sweetman, Walter Sharvell 
 Albert C. Kuehne, Edward Star, Henry D. Warren, and Peter E. John 
 son. 
 
 Lieut. Giles B. Harber and Master William H. Scheutze are now 
 bringing home the remains of Lieutenant De Long and his comrades, 
 in pursuance of the directions of Congress.
 
 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 17 
 
 The Koilgers, fitted out for the relief of the Jeauuette, in accordaDce 
 with the act of Congress of March 3, ISSl, sailed from Sau Francisco 
 June 16, under the command of Lieut. Eobert M. Berry. On November 
 30 she was accidentally destroyed by fire, while in winter quarters in 
 St. Lawrence Bay, but the officers and crew succeeded in escaping to the 
 shore. Lieutenant Berry and one of his officers, after making a search 
 for the Jeannette along the coast of Siberia, fell in witli Chief Engineer 
 Melville's party, and returned home by way of Europe. The other offi- 
 cers and the crew of the Eodgers were brought from St. Lawrence Bay 
 by the whaling steamer Xorth Star. jMaster Charles F. Putnam, who 
 had been placed in charge of adei)ot of supplies at Cape Serdze, return- 
 ing to his post from St. Lawrence Bay across the ice in a blinding suow*- 
 storm, was carried out to sea and lost, notwithstanding all eftbrts to 
 rescue him. 
 
 It appears bj^ the Secretary's report that tlte available naval force 
 of the United States consists of thirty-seven cruisers, fourteen single- 
 tnrreted monitors, built during the rebellion, a large number of smooth- 
 bore guns and Parrott riiies, and eighty-seven rifled cannon. 
 
 Tlie cruising vessels should be gradually replaced by iron or steel 
 ships, tlie monitors by modern armored vessels, and the armament by 
 high-power rifled guns. 
 
 The reconstruction of our Navy, which was recommentled in my last 
 message, was begun by Congress authorizing, in its recent act, thecoii- 
 structiou of two large uuarmorod steel vessels of the character reooiii- 
 mended by the late iS'aval Advisory Board, and subject to the final ai>- 
 ] uoval of a new advisory board to be organized as provided by that Act. I 
 call yourattentiou to the recommendation of the Secretary and tho Board, 
 that authority be given to construct two more cruisers of smaller dimen- 
 sions, and one fleet dispatch ^•essel, and that appropriations be made for 
 high-power rifled cannon, for the torpedo service, and for other harbor 
 delenses. 
 
 Pending the consideration by Congress of the policy t^ be hereafter 
 adopted in conducting the eight large navy-yards and their expensive 
 establishments, the Secretary advocates the reduction of expenditures 
 therefor to the lowest possible amounts. 
 
 l'\)r the purpose of atibrding the officers and seamen of the Xavy op- 
 portunities for exercise and discipline in their profession, under a]>pro- 
 l)riate control and direction, the Secretary a<lvises that the Light-House 
 Service and Coast Survey be transferred, as now organized, from the 
 Treasury to the Navy Department ; and he also suggests, for the reasons 
 which he assigns, that a similar transfer may wisely be made of the 
 cruising revenue vessels. 
 
 The Secretary forcibly depicts the intimate connection and interde- 
 pendence of the Navy and the (;ommeroial marine, and invites atten- 
 tion to the continued decadence of the latter and the corresponding 
 transfer of our growing commerce to foreign bottoms. 
 2 Ab
 
 18 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 This suliject is one of the utmost iinportanco to the national wel- 
 fare. ]\IetliO(ls of reviving Aniericau ship-buiklijig and of r(!storing 
 the United States flag iu the ocean carrying trade should receive the 
 immediate attention of Congress. AVc have mechanical skill and abun- 
 dant material for the manufacture of modern iron steamships in fair 
 competition witli our commercial rivals. Our disadvantage in building 
 ships is the greater cost of labor, and in sailing tliem, higher taxes 
 and greater interest on capital, Avliile the ocean liighways are already 
 moiuipolized by our formidable competitors. These obstacles sbould iu 
 some way be overcome, and for our rapid communication with foreign 
 lands we should not continue to depend wholly upon vessels built in 
 the yards of other countries and sailing under foreign Hags. Witli no 
 United States steamers on the principal ocean lines or in any foreign 
 ports, our facilities for extending our commerce are greatly restricted, 
 while the nations wdiicli. build and sail the ships and carry the mails 
 and passengers obtain thereby conspicuous advantages in increasing 
 their trade. 
 
 The report of the Postmaster-General gives evidence of the satisfac- 
 tory condition of that Department, and contains many valuable data 
 and accompanying suggestions which cannot fail to be of interest. 
 
 The information which it affords that the receipts for the fiscal year 
 have exceeded the exijenditures must be very gratifying to Congress 
 and to the people of the country. 
 
 As matters which may fairly claim particular attention, I refer you 
 to his observations in reference to the advisability of changing the pres- 
 ent basis for fixing salaries and allowances, of extending the money- 
 order system, and of enlarging the functions of the postal establishment 
 so as to put under its control the telegraph system of the country, 
 though from this last and most important recommendation I must with- 
 hold my concurrence. 
 
 At the last session of Congress several bills were introduced into the 
 House of Eepresentatives for the reduction of letter postage to the rate 
 of two cents per half ounce. 
 
 I have given much study and reflection to this subject, and am thor- 
 oughly persuaded that such a reduction would be for the best interests 
 of the public. 
 
 It has been the policy of the government from its foundation to de- 
 fray, as far as possible, the expenses of carrying the mails by a direct 
 tax in the form of postage. It has never been claimed, however, that 
 this service ought to be productive of a net revenue. 
 
 As has been stated already, the report of the Postmaster- General 
 shows that there is now a very considerable surplus in his dejiartment, 
 and that henceforth the receipts are likely to increase at a much greater 
 ratio than the necessary expenditures. Unless some change is made 
 in the existing laws the profits of the postal service will in a very few 
 years swell the revenues of the government many millions of dollars.
 
 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 19 
 
 The time seems auspicious, therefore, for some reduction iu the rates of 
 postage. In what shall that reduction consist ? 
 
 A review of the legishition which has been had ujion tliis subject 
 during the last thirty years disclo.ses that domestic letters constitute the 
 only class of mail matter which has never been favored by a substan- 
 tial reduction of rates. I am convinced that the burden of maintain- 
 ing the service falls most unequally upon that class, and that more than 
 any other it is entitled to present relief. 
 
 That such relief may be extended without detrnncnt to other i>ublic 
 interests mil be discovered upon reviewing the results of fornier reduc- 
 tions. 
 
 Immediately prior to the act of 1845, the postage upon a letter comi- 
 posed of a single sheet was as follows : 
 
 Cents. 
 
 If conveyed— 
 
 30 miles or less 6 
 
 Between 30 and 80 miles 10 
 
 Between 80 and 150 miles 12i 
 
 Between 150 and 400 miles 18| 
 
 Over 400 miles 25 
 
 By the act of 1845 the postage upon a single letter conveyed for any 
 distance under 300 miles was fixed at five cents, and for any greater 
 distance at ten cents. 
 
 By the act of 1851 it was provided that a single letter, if prepaid, 
 should be carried any distance not exceeding three thousand miles for 
 three cents and any greater distance for six cents. 
 
 It will be noticed that both of these reductions were of a radical char- 
 acter and relative!}^ quite as important as that which is now proposed. 
 
 In each case there ensued a temporary loss of revenue, but a sudden 
 and large influx ofbusiness, which substantijilly repaired that loss within 
 three years. 
 
 Unless the experience of past legislation in this country and else- 
 where goes for naught it may be safely predicted that the stimulus of 
 33^ I)er centum reduction in the tax for carriage would at once increase 
 the Jiumber of letters consigned to the mails. 
 
 The advantages of secrecy would lead to a very general substitution 
 of sealed packets for postal cards and open circulars, and in divers other 
 ways the volume of first-class matter would be enormously angnuMited. 
 Such increase amounted in England, in the first year after the a<loption 
 of penny postage, to more than 125 i)er cent. 
 
 As a result of careful estimates, the details of which cannot be here 
 set out, I have become convinced that the deficiency for the first year 
 after the proposed reduction would not exceed 7 per cent, of the expendi- 
 tures, or $3,000,000, while the deficiency after the reduction of 1S45 
 was more than 14 i)er cent., and after that of 1851 was 27 per cent. 
 
 Another interesting comparison is afforded by statistics furnished me 
 by the Post-OflQ.ce Department.
 
 20 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 The act of 1845 was passed in face of tlie fact that there existed a de- 
 ficiency of more than $30,000. That of 1851 was encouraged by the 
 slight surplus of $132,000. The excess of revenue in the next fiscal 
 year is likely to be $3,500,000. 
 
 If Congress should approve these suggestions it may be deemed 
 desirable to supply to some extent the deficiency which must for a time 
 result, by increasing the charge for carrying merchandise, which is now 
 only sixteen cents per pound. But even without such an increase I am 
 confident that the receipts under the diminished rates would equal the 
 exi^enditures after the lapse of three or four years. 
 
 The report of the Department of Justice brings anew to your notice 
 the necessity of enlarging the present system of Federal jurisprudence 
 so as effectually to answer the requirements of the ever-'increasiug liti- 
 gation with which it is called upon to deal. 
 
 The Attorney-General renews the suggestions of his predecessor that 
 in the interests of justice better provision than the existing laws afford 
 should be made in certain judicial districts for fixing the fees of wit- 
 nesses and jurors. 
 
 In my message of December last I referred to pending criminal i)ro- 
 ceedings growing out of alleged frauds in what is known as the Star- 
 Eoute service of the Post-Office Department, and advised you that I had 
 enjoined upon the Attorney-General and associate counsel, to whom 
 the interests of the government were intrusted, the duty of prosecut- 
 ing with the utmost vigor of the law all iDcrsons who might be found 
 chargeable with those offenses. A trial of one of these cases has since 
 occurred. It occupied for many weeks the attention of the Supreme 
 Court of this District, and was conducted with great zeal and ability. 
 It resulted in a disagreement of the jury, but the cause has been again 
 I)laced upon the calendar and will shortly be re-tried. If any.guilty 
 persons shall finally escape •punishment for their offenses it will not be 
 for lack of diligent and earnest efforts on the part of the i^rosecution. 
 
 I trust that some agreement may be reached which will speedily enable 
 Congress, with the concurrence of the Executive, to afford the commer- 
 cial community the benefits of a national bankrupt law. 
 
 The report of the Secretary of the Interior, with its accompanying 
 documents, presents a full statement of the varied operations of that 
 department. In respect to Indian affairs nothing has occurred which 
 has changed or seriously modified the views to which I devoted much 
 space in a former communication to Congress. I renew the recommen- 
 dations therein contained as to extending to the Indian the protection 
 of the law, allotting land in severalty to such as desire it, and making 
 suitable provision for the education of youth. Such provision, as the 
 Secretary forcibly maintains, will prove unavailing unless it is broad 
 enough to include all those who are nble and ATilling to make use of 
 it, and should not solely relate to intellectual training, but also to in-
 
 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT, 21 
 
 sti'uctioii in siicUiuauiial labor aud simi)lemdustri?jlarts ascaubemade 
 ])ractically available. 
 
 Among other importaut subjects which are included within the Seo- 
 retary's report, aud which will doubtless furnish occasion for Congres- 
 sional action, may be mentioned the neglect of the railroad companies 
 to wlijch large grants of land were made by the acts of 180- and 1SG4, 
 to take title thereto, aud their consequent inequitable exemption from 
 local taxation. 
 
 *jS"o survey of our material condition can fail to suggest inquiries as 
 to the moral and iutellectual i)rogress of the people. 
 
 The Census returns disclose an alarming state of illiteracy in certain 
 portions of the countrj' where the provision for schools is grossly inade- 
 <jnate. It is a momentous question for the decision of Congress whether 
 immediate and substantial aid should not be extended by the general 
 government for supplementing the efforts of private beneficence and 
 of State aud Territorial legislation in behalf of education. 
 
 The regulation of inter-state commerce has already been the sub- 
 ject of your deliberations. One of the incidents of the marvelous ex- 
 tension of the railway system of the country has been the adoption 
 of such measures by the corporations Avhich own or control the roads 
 as has tended to impair the advantages of healthful competition and to 
 make hnrtful discriminations in the adjustment of freightage. 
 
 These inequalities have been corrected in several of the States by 
 appropriate legislation, the effect of which is necessarily restricted to 
 the limits of their own territory. 
 
 So far as such mischiefs affect commerce between the States, or be- 
 tween any one of the States and a foreign country, they arc subjects of 
 national concern, and Congress alone can afford relief. 
 
 The results which have thus far attended the enforcement of tlie 
 recent statute for the suppression of polygamy in the Territories are 
 reported by the Secretary of the Interior. It is not probable that any 
 additional legislation in this regard will be deemed desirabh; until the 
 effect of existing laws shall be more closely observed and studied. 
 
 I congratulate you that the commissioners, under whose supervision 
 those laws have been put in operation, are encouraged to believe tliat 
 the evil at which they are aimed may be suppressed without resort t(i 
 such radical measures as in some quarters have been thought indispeus- 
 able for success. 
 
 The close relation of the general government to tlie Territories pre- 
 paring to be great States may well engage your special attention. It 
 is there that the Indian disturbances nuiiidy occur and tliat polygamy 
 has found room for its growth. I cannot doubt (hat a careful survi'y 
 of Territorial legislation would bo of tlu^ liigliest utility. Lilc anil 
 property would become more secure. Thr, liability oC ontbrcaKs 1;» - 
 iween Tndiansand whites would be lessened. The ]Miblic doniiiiii v, -nIil
 
 22 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 be more securely guarded and better progress be made in the instruc- 
 tion of the young. 
 
 Alaska is still without any form of civil government. If means were 
 ])rovide(l for the education of its peoijlo and for the protection of their 
 lives and property the immense resources of the region would invite 
 permanent settlements and open new fields for industry and enterprise. 
 
 The report of the Commissioner of Agriculture presents an account 
 of the labors of that department during the past year, and includes in- 
 formation of much interest to the general public. 
 
 The condition of the forests of the country and the wasteful manner 
 in which their destruction is taking place, give cause for serious appre- 
 hension. Their action in protecting the earth's surface, in modifying the 
 extremes of climate, and in regulating and sustaining the flow of 
 springs and streams is now wxll understood, and their importance in re- 
 lation to the growth and prosperity of the country cannot be safely 
 disregarded. They are fast disappearing before destructive fires and 
 the legitimate requirements of our increasing population, and their 
 total extinction cannot be long delayed unless better methods than now 
 prevail shall be adopted for their protection and cultivation. The atten- 
 tion of Congress is -invited to the necessity of additional legislation to 
 secure the preservation of the valuable forests still remaining on the 
 public domain, especially in the extreme Western States and Territories, 
 where the necessity for their preservation is greater than in less mount- 
 ainous regions, and where the prevailing dryness of the climate renders 
 their restoration, if they are once destroyed, well nigh impossible. 
 
 The communication which I made to Congress at its first session in 
 December last contained a somewhat full statement of my sentiments in 
 relation to the principles and rules which ought to govern appointments 
 to i^ublic service. 
 
 Eeferring to the various plans which had theretofore been the subject 
 of discussion in the ]S"ational Legislature (plans which in the main Avere 
 modeled upon the system which obtains in Great Britain, but which 
 lacked certain of the prominent features whereby that system is distin- 
 guished), I felt bound to intimate my doubts whether they, or any of 
 them, would afford adequate remedy for the evils which they aimed to 
 correct. 
 
 I declared, nevertheless, that if the proposed measures should prove 
 acceptable to Congress, they would receive the unhesitating support 
 of the Executive. 
 
 Since these suggestions were submitted for your consideration there 
 has been no legislation upon the subject to which they relate, but there 
 has meanwhile been an increase in the public interest in that subject, 
 and the people of the country, ai)parently without distinction of party, 
 have in various ways, and upon frequent occasions, given ex^jression 
 to their earnest wish for prompt and definite action. In mj' judgment, 
 such action should no longer be postx^oned. .
 
 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 23 
 
 I may add that my own sense of its pressing importance has been 
 quickened by observation of a practical phase of the matter, to which 
 attention has more than once been called by my predecessors. 
 
 The civil list now comprises about one hundred thousand ]>ersons, 
 larthe larger part of whom mnst, under the terms of the Constitution, 
 be selected by the President either directly or through hiV^ nwu ap- 
 pointees. 
 
 In the early years of the administration of the governnicat, tlu; per- 
 sonal direction of appointments to the civil service may not have been 
 an irksome task for the Executive; but now, that the burden has 
 increased fully a hundred-fold, it has become greater than he ought to 
 bear, and it necessarily diverts his time and attention from the proper 
 discharge of other duties no less delicate and responsible, and which, in 
 the very nature of things, cannot be delegated to otlier hands. 
 
 In the judgment of not a few who have given study ami rcHection 
 to this matter, the nation has outgrown the provisions which the Con- 
 stitution has established for filling the minor oflices in the public service. 
 
 But whatever may be thought of the wisdom or expediency of chang- 
 ing the fundamental law in this regard, it is certain that much relief 
 may be afforded, not only to the President and to the heads of the de- 
 partments, but to Senators and Representatives in Congress, by dis- 
 creet legislation. They would be protected in a great measure l)y the 
 bill now pending before the Senate, or by any other whicli should 
 embody its important features, from the pressure of personal importun- 
 ity and from the labor of examining conflicting claims and pretensions 
 of candidates. 
 
 I trust that before the close of the present session some decisive 
 action may be taken for the correction of the evils whicli inhere in the 
 present methods of appointment, and I assure you of my hearty co-oi)era- 
 tion in any measures which are likely to conduce to that end. 
 
 As to the most appropriate term and tenure of the oflicial life of the 
 subordinate employes of the government, it seems to be generally agreed 
 that whatever their extent or character, the one should be detinite and 
 the other stable, and that neither should be regulated by zeal in the 
 service of party or fidelity to the fortunes of an individual. 
 
 It matters little to the people at large what competent person is at 
 the head of this department or of that bureau, if they feel assured that 
 the removal of one and the accession of another will not involve the 
 retirement of honest and faithful subordinates, whose duties are i)urely 
 administrative and have no legitimate connection with the triumph of 
 any political principles or the success of any political party or faction. 
 It is to this latter class of ofiicers that the Senate bill, to which I have 
 already referred, exclusively applies. 
 
 While neither that bill nor any other prominent scheme for improv- 
 ing the civil service concerns the higher grade of officials, who are
 
 24 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 appointed by the Presidejit ;md eontinned by the Senate, J feel bound 
 to correct a i)revalont misai)i)reliension as to tlie frequency with which 
 tlie present Executive has displaced the incnmbent of an office and 
 appointed another in his stead. 
 
 It has been repeatedly alle<»ed that he has in this particuljir signally 
 depai'ted from the course which has been pursued under recent admin- 
 istrations of the government. The facts are as follows : 
 
 The Avhole number of Executive appointments during the lour years 
 immediately preceding Mr. Garfield's accession to the l^residency was 
 
 Of this number 244, or D per cent., involved the removal of previous 
 incumbents. 
 
 The ratio of removals to the whole number of a])pointments was 
 iiUK'h the same during each of those four years. 
 
 In the first year, with 790 appointments, there were 74 removals, or 
 9.3 per cent.; in the second, with 917 appointments, there were 85 re- 
 movals, or 8.5 i)er cent.; in the third, with 480 appointments, there 
 were 48 removals, or 10 per cent.; in the fourth, with 429 api)ointments, 
 there were 37 removals, or 8.G per cent. In the four months of President 
 Garfield's administration there were 390 appointments and 89 removals, 
 or 22.7 per cent. Precisely the same number of removals (89) has 
 taken place in the fourteen months which have since elapsed, but they 
 constitute only 7.8 per cent, of the whole number of appointments 
 (1,118) within that period, and less than 2.6 of the entire list of officials 
 (3,459 (exclusive of the Army and ISTavy)) which is filled by Presidential 
 appointment. 
 
 I declare ray approval of such legislation as may be found necessary 
 for sui^plementing tlie existing provisions of law in relation to political 
 assessments. 
 
 In July last I authorized ai3ublic announcement that employes of Uie 
 government should regard themselves as at liberty to exercise their 
 pleasure in making or refusing to make i^olitical contributions, and that 
 their action in that regard would in no manner affect their official status- 
 
 In this announcement I acted upon the view which I had always 
 maintained and still maintain, that a public officer should be as abso- 
 lutely free as any other citizen to give or to withhold a contribution for 
 the aid of the political party of his choice. It has, however, been urged, 
 and doubtless not without fopndation in fact, that by solicitatioii of 
 official superiors and by other modes, such contributions have at times 
 been obtained from persons whose only motive for giving has been the 
 fear of what might befall them if they refused. It goes without saying 
 that such contributions are not voluntary, and in my judginent their 
 collection should be prohibited by law. A bill which will effectually 
 suppress them will receive my cordial approval.
 
 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. -^6 
 
 I liope that however numerous and urgent may be the demands upon 
 your attention, the interests of this District will not be forgotten. 
 
 The denial to its residents of the great right of suffrage in all its re- 
 lation to national, State, and municipal action imposes upon Congress 
 the duty of affording them the best administration which its wisdom 
 can devise. 
 
 The report of the District Commissioners indicates certain measures 
 whose adoption would seem to be very desirable. I instance in par- 
 ticular those which relate to arrears of taxes, to steam railroads, and 
 to assessments of real property. 
 
 Among the questions which have been the topic of recent debate in 
 the halls of Congress none are of greater gravity than those relating 
 to the ascertainment of the vote for Presidential electors and tlie in- 
 tendment of the Constitution in its i)rovisious for devolving Executive 
 functions ui)on the Vice-President when the President suflers from in- 
 nbility to discharge the powers and duties of his office. 
 
 1 trust that no embarrassments may result from a failure to determine 
 these questions before another national election. 
 
 The closing year has been replete with blessings for which we owe 
 to the Giver of all Good our reverent acknowledgment. For the un- 
 interrupted harmony of our foreign relations, for the decaj- of sectional 
 animosities, for the exuberance of our harvests and the triumphs of our 
 mining and manufacturing industries, for the prevalence of health, the 
 spread of intelligence and the conservation of the public credit, for the 
 growth of the coujitry in all the elements of national greatness — for 
 these and countless other blessings — we should rejoice and be glad. 1 
 trust that, under the ins])iratiou of this great prosperity, our counsels 
 n)ay be harmonious, and that the dictates of prudence, patriotism, jus- 
 tice, and economy may lead to the adoption of measures in wliich the 
 Congress and the Executive may heartily unite. 
 
 CHESTER A. ARTHUE. 
 
 Washington, 
 
 Decemher 4, 1882.
 
 REPORT 
 
 OF 
 
 THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Treasury DEPAET:\rENT, 
 Washington, D. (7., December 4, 1883. 
 
 SiE: I liave the lionor to submit tlie following report : 
 
 The ordinary revenues from all sources for the fiscal year ended 
 
 June 30, 1883, were: 
 
 From customs $330, 110, 730 35 
 
 From internal revenue 110, 197, 595 45 
 
 From sales of public lands 4, 753, 110 37 
 
 From tax on circulation and deposits of national 
 
 banks 8, 956, 791 45 
 
 From repayment of interest by Pacific Kaihvay Com- 
 panies 840, 554 37 
 
 From sinking-fund for Pacific Eail way Companies.. 796,371 43 
 
 From customs fees, tines, penalties, &c 1, 343, 348 00 
 
 From fees — consular, letters-patent, and lands 3, 038, 990 97 
 
 From proceeds of sales of Government property 311, 959 So 
 
 Paid in from profits on coinage, bidlion deposits, and 
 
 assays 4, 110, 693 73 
 
 From Indian trust funds 5, 705, 313 33 
 
 From deposits by individuals for surveving public 
 
 lauds \ 3, 053, 306 36 
 
 From revenues of the District of Columbia 1, 715, 176 41 
 
 From miscellaneous sources 3, 383, 445 43 
 
 Total ordinary receipts 403, 535, 350 2S 
 
 The ordinary exjienditures for the same period were — 
 
 For civil expenses S18, 043, 386 43 
 
 For foreign intercourse 1, 307, 5S3 19 
 
 For Indians 9, 736, 747 10 
 
 For pensions 61 , 345, 193 95 
 
 For the military establishment, including river and 
 
 harbor iniin-oveinents, and arsenals 43, 570, 491 19 
 
 For the naval cstahlislunent, including vessels, ma- 
 chinery, and improvements at navyyaids 15, 033, OKJ 36 
 
 For miscellaneous cxi>enditures, including public 
 
 buildings, liglit-Iiuuses, and collecting the levenne. 31,539,337 50 
 For expenditures on account of the I)istrict of Co- 
 lumbia 3, 330, 513 S7 
 
 For interest on the public debt 71 , 077, 306 79 
 
 Total ordinary expenditures 357, 981, 439 57 
 
 27
 
 28 KKl'ORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Ijoaviji,!:; a surplus revenue of $145, 543, 810 71 
 
 Whicli, with an amount drawn from the casli bal- 
 ance in tl)o Ti't^asnry, <»(' , 20, 737, 094 84 
 
 Making 1G6, 281, 505 55 
 
 Was applied to the redemption — 
 
 Of bonds for the sinking-fund 60, 079, 150 00 
 
 Of fractional curreucv for the sinking-fund 58, 705 55 
 
 Of loan of July and August, 1861 62, 572, 050 00 
 
 Of loan of March, 1803 4, 472, 000 00 
 
 Of funded loan of 1881 37, 194, 450 00 
 
 Of loan of 1858 1, 000 00 
 
 Of loan of February, 1861 303, 000 00 
 
 Of five-twenties of 1862 2,100 00 
 
 Of five-twenties of 1864 7, 400 00 
 
 Of five-twenties of 1805 6, 500 00 
 
 Of ten-forties of 1864 254, 550 00 
 
 Of consols of 1865 86, 450 00 
 
 Of consols of 1867 408, 250 00 
 
 Of consols of 1868 141, 400 00 
 
 Of Oregon-war debt 675, 250 00 
 
 Of old demand, compound-interest, and other notes . 18, 350 00 
 
 166, 281, 505 55 
 
 The requirements of the sinking-fund for the past fiscal year, includ- 
 ing a balance of $16,305,873.47 from the preceding year, have been 
 fully met. It is estimated that the requirement for the present fiscal 
 year will be $44,422,956.25, of which there has been applied during the 
 first four months of the year, the sum of $31,196,350. 
 
 There seems to have been confusion in some minds, of the sums 
 paid to meet the lawful needs of the sinking-fund, and those paid for 
 the reduction of pubhc debt by direct payment and redemption thereof. 
 To my report of last year was appended a table (Table L) of all the 
 moneys paid for bonds for the sinking-fund; and a table (Table I) 
 showing the condition of that fund from the begimiing of it in May, 
 1869, down to June 30, 1881. It was stated in my report that there 
 was a balance then due the fund of $16,305,873.47. It has been said 
 that this was erroneous. The report of my predecessor, Mr. Secretary 
 MorriU, made in 1876, was relied upon as so showing. He said that 
 the terms of the sinking-fund act required that the public debt should 
 be reduced by the close of the fiscal year in 1876 by the sum oi" 
 $433,848,215.87 ; that the public debt had, however, been reduced at 
 that time by the siun of $656,992,226.14, or over two hundred and 
 twenty-three millions more than those terms required. He did not'say, 
 nor did he mean to say, that the reduction he announced was achieved 
 tlirough the operations of the sinking-fund. What he said, and meant
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 29 
 
 to say, was tliat, tlioiij^li the sinkiiig-fimd Lad not been tilled to the 
 amount contemplated bj' the act of Congress which jirovided for it, 
 and so the letter of the law had not been observed, yet that, by other 
 modes, the public debt had been reduced by more than the sum which 
 the sinking-fund act contemplated, and so the spirit and intent of the 
 law had been met and the faith of the Government with its creditors 
 kept. And so, after his time, though the sinking-fund has been a 
 creditor, the public debt has been decreased by more than a strict 
 adherence to the sinking-fund act would have brought about. My pre- 
 decessor, Mr. Secretary Sherman, reported in 1877 a deficiency in the 
 sinking-fund, but a reduction of public debt near two hundred and 
 twenty-one millions more than the sinking-fund act, literally carried 
 out, would ]i.ave effected. 
 
 Compared with the previous fiscal year, the receipts for 1SS2 have 
 in the following items increased $44,578,081.99 : In customs reveruie, 
 $22,251,054.23; in internal revenue, $11,233,209.94; in sales of public 
 lands, $2,551,277.20 ; in direct tax, $158,624.80; in tax on circulation 
 and deposits of national banks, $840,678.73 ; in proceeds of sales of 
 Government property, $52,785.85; in repaj-ment of interest by Pacific 
 Eailway Companies, $29,720.57 ; in consular fees, $8,922.98 ; in custom- 
 house fees, $7,538.35; in customs emolument fees, $155,083.98; in 
 marine-hospital tax, $22,155.89 ; in Indian trust funds, interest and 
 premium, $5,753,308.29 ; in deposits by individuals for surveying public 
 l^ds, $248,160.81 ; in registers' and receivers' fees, $243,295.29 ; in fees 
 on letters-patent, $141,788.72; in profits on coinage, $648,208.12; and 
 in sales of ordnance material and small stores, $232,268.24. There Avas 
 a decrease of $1,835,124.28, as follows: In revenues of the District of 
 Columbia, $301,022.82 ; in sinking-fund for Pacific Railway Companies, 
 $8,909.12; in customs fines, penalties, and forfeitures, $44,789.19 ; in 
 steamboat fees, $27,664.91 ; in sales of Indian lauds, and interest 
 on t)efeiTed payments, $1,078,316.30; and in miscellaneous items, 
 $374,421.94; making a net increase in the receipts from all sources 
 of $42,742,957.71. 
 
 The expenditures show a decrease over the previous year of 
 $20,343,982.30, as follows: In the Navy Department, $654,625.40 : in 
 interest on the public debt, $11,431,534.39 ; and in civil and miscella- 
 neous, $8,257,822.51. There was an increase of $17,612,534.28, as fol- 
 lows : In the War Department, $3,104,033.64 ; for ludians, $3,222,.")^ 6.31 ; 
 and in pensions, $11,285,914.33 — making a net decrease in the expend- 
 itures of $2,731,448.02.
 
 30 
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 FISCAL YEAR 1883. 
 
 For the present fiscal year the revenue, actual and estimated, is as 
 follows : 
 
 Source. 
 
 For the. qnartcr 
 ended Sejitem- 
 ber 30, 1882. 
 
 For tlio lemain- 
 in<; tliroc quar- 
 ters of the year. 
 
 Actual. 
 
 Estimated. 
 
 $64,908,875 71 
 
 37,760,804 58 
 
 1, 185, 622 97 
 
 4,492,426 39 
 
 114, 619 55 
 422, 140 09 
 822, 842 49 
 113, 995 95 
 1, 040, 119 39 
 894, 128 04 
 194, 314 88 
 840,717 28 
 
 $170,091,124 29 
 
 107, 239, 195 42 
 
 4,314,377 03 
 
 4,507,573 61 
 
 1, 635, 380 45 
 977, 859 91 
 1,827,157 51 
 886,004 05 
 3, 159, 880 61 
 1,505,871 96 
 1,535,685 12 
 4, 529, 282 72 
 
 112, 790, 607 32 
 
 302,209,392 68 
 
 From customs 
 
 From internal revenue 
 
 From sales of public lauds 
 
 From tax on circulation and deposits of national 
 Ijanks 
 
 From repayment of interest and sinking-fund, 
 
 Pacific Railway Comi)anies 
 
 From customs fees, fines, penalties, &c 
 
 From fees — consular, letters-patent, and lands 
 
 From proceeds of sales of Government property . 
 
 From profits on coinage, &o , 
 
 From deposits for siu'veying public lands , 
 
 From revenues of the District of Columbia 
 
 From miscellaneous sources 
 
 Total receipts 
 
 The exi^enditures for the same period, actual and estimated, are — 
 
 Object. 
 
 For the quarter 
 ended Septem- 
 ber 30, 1882. 
 
 Actual. 
 
 For the remain- 
 ing tliree quar- 
 ters of the year. 
 
 Estimated. 
 
 For civil and miscellaneous expenses, including 
 public buildings, light-houses, and collecting 
 the revenue 
 
 For Indians 
 
 For pensions 
 
 For military establishment, including fortifica- 
 tions, river and harbor improvements, and 
 arsenals 
 
 For naval establishment, including vessels and 
 machinery, and improvements at navy-yards. .. 
 
 For expenditures on account of the District of 
 Columbia 
 
 For interest on the public debt 
 
 $16, 224, 
 
 2, 633, 
 
 23, 397, 
 
 14, 181, 
 
 3,571, 
 
 1, 415, 
 17, 219, 
 
 736 16 
 
 778 88 
 244 51 
 
 028 69 
 
 431 83 
 
 882 20 
 246 19 
 
 $45,275,203 84 
 
 4,866,221 12 
 
 76, 602, 755 49 
 
 33,318,971 31 
 
 11, 928, 568 17 
 
 2, 084. 117 80 
 42,280,753 81 
 
 Total ordinary expenditures . 
 
 78, 643, 348 46 216, 356, 651 54 
 
 Total receipts, actual and cstiinated $415, 000, 000 00 
 
 Total expenditures, actual and estimated 295, 000, 000 00 
 
 120,000,000 00 
 Estimated amount due the sinking-fund 41, 422, 950 25 
 
 Leaving a balance of 75, 577, 04.3 75
 
 • KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 31 
 FISCAL YEAR 18S4. 
 
 Tlie revenues of the fiscal yeareiuling June 30, 1<S84, estimated upon 
 tlie basis of existing laws, "svill be — 
 
 From customs $li.35, OOO, 000 
 
 From internal revenue 14.j, (M)0, 000 
 
 From sales of i)ublic lands 5, 500, 000 
 
 From tax on circulation and deposits of national 
 
 banks 9, 000, 000 
 
 From repayment of interest and sinking-fund. Pacific 
 
 Kailway Companies ] , 750, 000 
 
 From customs fees, lines, jienalties, &c 1, 400, 000 
 
 From fees — consular, letters-patent, and lands 2, 050, 000 
 
 From proceeds of sales of Government property 1, 000, 000 
 
 From i)rofits on coinage, &c 4, L'OO, 000 
 
 From deposits for surveying public lands 2, 400, 000 
 
 From revenues of the District of Columbia 1, 730, 000 
 
 From miscellaneous sources 5, 370, 000 
 
 Total estimated ordinary receipts 41 5, 000, 000 
 
 The estimates of exjienditurcsforthe same period, received from the 
 several Executive Departments, are as follows : 
 
 Legislative $3,274,040 30 
 
 Executive 18, 008, 505 78 
 
 Judicial 408, 300 00 
 
 Foreign intercourse 1, 390, 905 00 
 
 Military establishment 28, 901, 445 94 
 
 Naval establishment 23, 481, 078 54 
 
 Indian affairs 0, 725, 731 54 
 
 Pensions 101, 575, 000 00 
 
 Public works : 
 
 Tjegislative $0, 500 00 
 
 Treasury Department 5, 317, 500 00 
 
 War Dt^artment 4; 753, 002 04 
 
 Navy Department 3, 855, 513 00 
 
 Interior Department 417, 100 00 
 
 Department of Agriculture 10, 500 00 
 
 Department of Justice 1, 000 00 
 
 14,361,715 04 
 
 Miscellaneous 20, 925, 003 14 
 
 District of Columbia 3, 550, 299 08 
 
 Pernument annual ai)propriations: 
 
 Interest on tlie public debt B't'^, 877, 410 72 
 
 Sinking-fund 45, 072, 222 54 
 
 Kelunding — customs, internal reve- 
 nue, lands, «S:c 7, 417, 100 00 
 
 Collecting revenue from customs . . 5,500,000 00 
 Miscellaneous 3, 151 , 305 00 
 
 1 1 7, 018, 038 20 
 
 Total estimated expenditures, including sinking-fund . 340, 280, 1G2 22 
 
 Or, an estimated surplus of 74, 719, 837 78
 
 32 REPORT OF TFIK SECRKTARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Excluding; the smking-limd, the estimated ex])endituro.s will be 
 $295,207,939.08, showing an expected surplus of $119,792,000.32. 
 
 REDEMPTION OF U. S. BONDS. 
 
 At the date of the last annual report to Congress, tlie iiiter»'st-bear- 
 ing debt wliich was redeemable at the i)leasure of tlie Government 
 was as follows : 
 
 Acts of July and August, 1801, continued at three 
 and a half per cent *8113, 920, 350 
 
 Act of March 3, 1803, continued at three and a half per 
 cent 47, 949, 700 
 
 Five per cent, funded loan, continued at three and a half 
 per cent 401, 504, 900 
 
 Total 503, 380, 950 
 
 Of the above bonds there have been redeemed during the year 
 ended October 31, 1882, the following : 
 
 Loan of July and August, 18G1, continued at three 
 and half per cent $110, 622, 800 
 
 Loan of March 3, 1863, continued at three and a half 
 per cent 30, 878, 350 
 
 Five per cent, funded loan 9, 700 
 
 Total 141, 510, 850 
 
 EXCHANGE OF THREE AND A HALF PER CENT. CONTINUED BONDS 
 INTO THREE PER CENT. BONDS. 
 
 On July 1, 1882, the interest-bearing debt which was redeemal)le at 
 the pleasure of the Government, exclusive of $11,137,050 three and 
 a half per cent, continued bonds of the loan of July and August, 
 1861, which had been called, and which became due on that day, was 
 as follows : 
 
 Act of March 3, 1863, continued at three and a half per 
 cent $47, 820, 100 
 
 Five per cent, funded loan of 1881, at three and a half 
 per cent 401, 503, 900 
 
 Total 449, 324, 000 
 
 Included in the above were $15,000,000 in bonds of the act of March 
 3, 1803, which had been called to mature August 1, 1882, and the 
 
 * Including §12,035,500 wliich had been called, but which ha<l not then matured.
 
 EEPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 33 
 
 amoimt of bonds available for exclianf(e, as contemplated in legislation 
 then pending, was still further reduced by the call issued July 10, 
 1882, for .$10,000,000, to mature September 13, 1882. 
 
 By the eleventh section of the act approved July 12, 1882, entitled "An 
 act to enable national banking associations to extend their corporate 
 existence, and for other purposes," the Secretary Tvas autht)rized to re- 
 ceive at the Treasury, bonds of the United States bearing three an«l 
 a half per cent, interest, and to issue in exchange therelbr regis- 
 tered bonds of the United States bearing interest at the rate of three 
 per cent, per annum. 
 
 These bonds were to be redeemable at the pleasure of the United 
 States, after all bonds bearing a higher rate of interest, and which 
 were thus redeemable, had been redeemed or called. There is also 
 the important provision that the last, of the bonds issued under the 
 act, and the substitutes for them, should be the first called for payment, 
 and that this order of payment should bo followed until all should have 
 been paid. Thereby the bonds iirst issued, and the substitutes for them 
 made on the assignment and transfer of them, were made more desira- 
 ble, as likely to have a longer time to run. This gave rise to the query, 
 how the order of issue of the "threes" to the holders of the "three and 
 a halfs" should be determined. A method was devised by the Depart- 
 ment which gave the precedence to diligence in offer of surrender of the 
 three and a halfs; and which determined by lot, giving the same chance 
 of priority to all having part in it, who of the equally dilfgent should 
 have the first privilege in issue. It is believed that justice was done 
 to all. The provision that the substituted bonds should have the same 
 rank with the originals, in the order of call for payment, was at first 
 thought to preclude the holder from a division of one bond of larger 
 denomination into two or more bonds of smaller denomination. To 
 have maintained this, would have inconvenienced the transfer and 
 di\'ision of securities among several alike interested in a large bond. 
 But as it was impracticable to divide one bond into two or more and 
 give to the latter the immber of the former, and so preserve the right 
 to be deferred in calls for payment, it has been determined to yield to 
 a wish for a division, upon the holder waiving that right hi express 
 terms in the instrument of assignment. This puts upon the Register's 
 Ofiice more labor and the greater exercise of care, but, being a con- 
 venience to the holder of the bojid, they will be cheerfully undertaken. 
 
 On the day following the approval of the act, the Secretary issued a 
 circular announcing the readiness of the Department to effect the 
 exchange thus provided for; August 1, 1882, being nametl as the date 
 3Ab
 
 34 
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 uppn which said exchange wouhl b(;gin. Under the provisions of the 
 act the exchanges of the three and a half per cent, continued bonds 
 began on the date named and continued until September 20, upon 
 which date they were temi)orarily suspended, in order to allow the 
 preparation of the schedules and checks for the dividend due Novem- 
 ber 1 on the three and a lialf per cent, bonds which had not been 
 exchanged, as well as upon the new three per cent, bonds which luul 
 been issued. 
 
 From the beginning of the exchanges until the suspension three and 
 a half per cent, continued bonds were received for exchange into 
 tliree per cent, bonds as follows : 
 
 Act of March 3, 1863, continued at three and a half per 
 
 cent $13, 231, 650 
 
 Five per cent, funded loan of 1881, continued at tliree and 
 a half per cent 246, 138, 850 
 
 Total 259, 370, 500 
 
 and three per cent, bonds were duly issued therefor. 
 
 The interest on the surrendered bonds was adjusted to August 1, 
 1882, and the three per cent, bonds issued in exchange therefor 
 carried interest from that date. 
 
 The exchanges were resumed Kovember 1, since which time there 
 have been received $21,024,250 in three and a half \)ev Cent, continued 
 bonds, for which a like amount of three per cent, bonds have been 
 issued ; making a total issue to December 1, 1882, of $280,394,750. 
 
 The reduction in the annual interest charge by reason of these ex- 
 changes is $1,401,973.75. 
 
 The Department knows no reason why it should not continue to 
 aiford every facility for these exchanges so long as three and a half 
 Iier cent, bonds remain outstanding and imcalled. 
 
 The following table shows the changes in the interest-bearing debt 
 during the year : 
 
 Loan. 
 
 Amount out- 
 standing Nov. 
 1, 1881. 
 
 July and August, 1861, 
 (oiitiuuedat 3|per ct. 
 
 Mil rch 3, 1863, continued 
 at 3^- per cent 
 
 Five i)or cent, funded 
 loan continued at 3^ 
 per cent 
 
 $113,926,350 
 47, 949, 700 
 
 401,504,900 
 563, 380, 950 
 
 Redeemed dur- 
 ing the year. 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 into 3 per cent. 
 
 bonds. 
 
 $110, 622, 800 
 30,878,350 
 
 9,700 
 
 Outstanding 
 Nov. 1, 18«2. 
 
 , 303, 550 
 $13,231,650 3,839,700 
 
 246,138,850 j 155,356,350 
 
 141,510,850 259,370,500 | 162.499,600
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 35 
 
 Of the bonds above set down as outstanding, tliose embraced in tlie 
 loans of July and August, 1861, and March 3, 1863, amounting to 
 $7,143,250, are called, and have ceased to bear interest ; making a total 
 of bonds redeemed diuing the year or which have ceased to bear in- 
 terest of $148,651,100. 
 
 Calls are now out for continued bonds of the five per cent, funded 
 loan amounting to $55,000,000, and the bonds will cease to bear inter- 
 est during the months of December, 1882, and January and February, 
 1883. 
 
 The reduction in the annual interest charge by reason of these 
 changes to November 1, 1882, is as follows : 
 
 On bonds redeemed or interest ceased $5, 202, 803 50 
 
 On bonds exchanged into three per cent, bonds 3 , 206, So'J 50 
 
 Total 0, 499, 740 00 
 
 Deduct for interest on four percent, bonds issued, &c. . 222 00 
 
 Net reduction 6, 499, 524 00 
 
 STATvDARD SILVER DOLLARS AND SILV1:R CERTIFICATES. 
 
 There had been coined, on November 3, 1882, under the act of February 
 
 28, 1878, of standard silver dollars $128, 329, 880 
 
 There were in the Treasury at that date 92, 946, 094 
 
 And in circulation 35, 383, 786 
 
 There were in circulation, November 1, 1881, about 34, 000, 000 
 
 Increase 1, 383, 786 
 
 The increase in the circulation of standard silver dollars between 
 November 1, 1881, and November 1, 1882, was less than a million and 
 a half of dollars. The amount coined during the same time was 
 $27,772,075. The supply in the aggregate, and furnished yearly, is 
 much more than the demand. 
 
 Of the above amount held by the Treasury November 1, 1882, there 
 were in the sub-treasury at New York about $19,000,000, and in the 
 vaults of the assistant treasurer at San Francisco nearly $14,000,000, 
 and in the mint at that place nearly $27,000,000, making nearly 
 $41,000,000 in San Francisco. This large accumulation at San Fran- 
 cisco is useless; the call for silver dollars for use as money there is 
 little. The reason for the accumulation there is this: The mints this 
 side the mountains could not do the needed coinage of gold, and coin 
 also the minimum amount of silver dollars required by tiie law. After
 
 36 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 tlie silver dollars had been coined there, there was not good policy 
 in bringing them awa}', for there was no unsatisfied call for them on 
 this coast, and the expense of carriage is great, never less than one 
 per cent. Besides that, the vaults on this side are inconveniently taxed 
 in the storage of what is here. Indeed, the storage capacity of the 
 mints and otlier vault-room of tlie Government is everywhere severely 
 taxed. There were on hand in the sub-treasury on November 1, 1882, 
 $26,884,337.63 of fractional silver coin. In all, there were 2,400 tons 
 of silver coin stored in the public vaults. If the coinage of standard 
 silver dollars is kept up, and the demand for them for circulation is as 
 dormant as now, it will be a serious question where the Treasury De- 
 partment will find, in public receptacles, storage-room therefor. 
 
 Another reason for the coinage at San Francisco is, that all the bull- 
 ion for the monthly coinage required by law could not be bought on 
 this side of the mountains at the market rate as required by the law, 
 and that portion bought on the Pacific side was coined there because 
 it would cost so much to bring it to this side for coinage, even if there 
 had been mint facilities therefor. 
 
 The amount of silver certificates outstanding ]S"ovember 1, 1881, was 
 about $66,000,000, and the amount outstanding November 1, 1882, about 
 $65,500,000. The Treasury holds nearly all the standard silver dollars 
 coined during the year ended November 1, 1882. The amount of silver 
 certificates outstanding has lessened during the same time. Judging 
 from past experience, we need not expect an increased demand for silver 
 dollars. 
 
 Inasmuch as by recent legislation the Secretary is requii'ed to issue 
 gold certificates, it is to be looked for that the place of the silver cer- 
 tificates will be to a great extent supplied by gold certificates, as the 
 latter are furnished in convenient denominations ; and it is just to suppose 
 that a certificate payable in a coin worth but eighty-eight per cent, of 
 its nominal value will be displaced by one worth fully its nominal value. 
 
 Is the idea vain that the continued coinage of silver dollars is not 
 now required for circulation of them, or as a basis for the issue of such 
 certificates, and that the policy of the Government, so far as it was 
 meant to increase the price of silver, has not been successful ? 
 
 As was stated in the report of last year, the act requiring the issue 
 of silver certificates, making them receivable for customs and all public 
 dues, was a part of the policy of Congress to maintain the standard of 
 the silver dollar at or near that of the gold dollar. 
 
 The objections then urged to the issue of silver certificates, viz., that 
 they form an inexpedient addition to the paper currency j that they
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 37 
 
 are made a legal-tender for the purposes named for more than their 
 real value ; that there is no promise on the jjart of the Government to 
 pay the diiference between their actual and nominal value ; and the 
 embarrassments which arise from the endeavor to maintain several 
 standards of value, still have their force. 
 
 There is just now a seemingly greater demand for silver dollars. It 
 is only in seeming. The process is this : Gold is deposited in New York. 
 For that, by arrangement, silver dollars are taken from the mint at 
 NcAv Orleans. Thej' are not put into circulation. They are deposited 
 at once in the sub-treasury there, and silver certificates taken to meet 
 immediate pressing needs for currency. As gold certificates are now 
 going into business hands in New Orleans, the process above stated 
 will probably cease, as it is not looked for that silver certificates will 
 be sought rather than the gold certificates. That process keeps the 
 silver dollars ont of the Treasury but a short time, and does not put 
 them into general circulation. 
 
 I refer for a more full discussion of this subject to my report of last 
 year, and repeat my recommendation that the provision for the coin- 
 age of a fixed amount of standard silver dollars each month be re- 
 pealed and the Department be authorized to coin only so much as will 
 be necessary to supply the demand. 
 
 The recommendation is renewed for the repeal of the' act requiring 
 the issue of silver certificates, and for a law authorizing measures for 
 their early retirement from circulation. 
 
 The international monetary cooferencic met in April last, on the day 
 to which it had adjourned, and adjourned again sine die. It is not 
 understood that it effected any important practical result. 
 
 GOLD CERTIFICATES. 
 
 Under the act of the last session of Congress gold certificates have 
 been prepared and have been issued, as is shown in this table : 
 
 Denominations. 
 
 Gold oertiflcates 
 ready for isaue. 
 
 Gold cerUficaUvs 
 issued Novem- 
 ber 27, 1682. 
 
 $20's 
 
 ?:^ 920, 000 
 
 fi, 000, (too 
 
 7,C)0U,O(.l0 
 10,000,000 
 12, 000, 000 
 20, 000, 000 
 80, 000, 000 
 
 $2, 240, 000 
 2 200 000 
 
 50*8 
 
 100'h 
 
 :{, 000 000 
 
 .^)00's ... 
 
 f) O.")0 000 
 
 lOOO's 
 
 4 'MiO 000 
 
 .'JOOO's 
 
 4, 500, 000 
 10, 000, 000 
 
 IOOOO'h 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 i;w,r.20,ooo j :u,2i>o,ooi> 
 
 1 
 
 25V,IVA'>
 
 38 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 CONVERSION OF REFUNDING CERTIFICATES. 
 
 At the date of the last report refunding- certificates issued under 
 the act of February 2G, 1879, remaiued outstanding to the amount of 
 $589,050. 
 
 Q'here have been presented during the year for conversion into four 
 per cent, bonds, certificates amounting to $174,300, leaving still un- 
 converted $423,750. 
 
 In the language of the act, these certificates are " convertible at 
 any time, with accrued interest, into the four per cent, bonds de- 
 scribed in the refunding act." Prior to May 1, 1882, it had been the 
 practice of the Dei^artment to convert the principal only of the cer- 
 tificates into four per cent, bonds, paying the interest accrued on the 
 certificates in lawful money. 
 
 A holder of refunding certificates having made a demand upon the 
 Department to have the interest accrued on his certificates, as well as 
 the principal thereof, converted into four per cent, bonds, the question 
 was referred to the Department of Justice for examination. In the 
 opinion of the Attorney-General which was furnished this Depart- 
 ment, the claim thus made was held to be justified by the language 
 of the act, and on conversions effected since May 1, four per cent, 
 bonds have b^ien issued in satisfaction of the interest accrued on the 
 certificates, in lieu of the payment of lawful money, in all cases where 
 such interest amounted to a sum sufficient to entitle the holder to a 
 bond. 
 
 Up to November 1, 1882, $5,500 in four per cent, bonds have been 
 issued in this manner, making an increase to that extent of the amount 
 of such bonds outstanding, but not increasing the total debt. 
 
 CONTINUED TRUST-FUND BONDS. 
 
 It was stated in the last report that $451,350 in bonds of the five 
 per cent, funded loan, held by the Secretary of the Treasury as a part 
 of the sinking-fund for the Pacific Eailroads, had been continued at 
 three and a half per cent., and that $52,000 in bonds of the same 
 loan, held in trust for the South Carolina school -fund, had also been 
 continued in preference to allowing the bonds to be redeemed and in- 
 vesting the proceeds in other bonds. 
 
 For the same reason the three and a half per cent, bonds have now 
 been exchanged into three per cent, bonds of the act of July 12, 1882. 
 
 COINS AND COINAGE. 
 
 The report of the Director of the Mint gives, in detail, the transac- 
 tions of the mint, and assay offices during the year, together with sta-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 39 
 
 tistics and inquiiies into the financial condition of our own and forci^ 
 countries. 
 
 The inii)orts of foreign gold coin and bullion were during the pre- 
 ^'ion.s year ninety-seven and one-half millions. During the last fiscal 
 year the excess of imports over exports was about one and three-quarter 
 millions. 
 
 There were during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, exports of — 
 
 Gold bullion $1, 600, 43G 
 
 Gold coin, Amorican L'O, 805, 281) 
 
 Gold coin, foreign 1, 182, 1 T)."* 
 
 Total 32, 587, 880 
 
 \ ==^=: 
 
 Silver bullion $11, 732, 340 
 
 Silver coin, American 423, 008 
 
 Silver coin, foreign 4, 074, 100 
 
 Total 10, 829, 509 
 
 Total gold and silver $49, 417, 479 
 
 There were imjiorts of — 
 
 Gold bullion $0, 40G, 053 
 
 Gold coin, American 4, 790, 030 
 
 Gold coin, foreign .* 20, 174, 371 
 
 Total 34, 377, 054 
 
 Silver bullion $2, 121, 733 
 
 Silver coin, American 940, 877 
 
 Sdver coin, foreign 5, 032, 72G 
 
 Total 8, 095, 330 
 
 Total imports of gold and silver , $42, 472, 390 
 
 There were dei)ositcd at tlie mints and assay ollices $0(!, 750,053 of 
 gold, which was $74,000,000 less than the preceding year, because of the 
 decrease in the imports. 
 
 The coinage at the mints during the fiscal j'ear was — 
 
 Gold $89, 413, 4 t7 50 
 
 Standard silver dollars 27, 772, (>75 (lO 
 
 Fractional vsilver coins 11,313 75 
 
 Minor cuins 044, 757 75 
 
 Total 117, 841, 594 00
 
 40 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 
 
 The coinai;'e of gold was nearly $11,000,000 iiioic tliaii that of any- 
 previous year in the history of the mints. About one-half of this was 
 in eagles, one-third in half-eagles, and the rest in double-eagles. 
 
 The purchase of silver for coinage during the year was 23,627,229.37 
 ounces of standard silver, at a cost of $24,136,942.20, an average of 
 $1.02.15 per ounce standard. The average London price for silver was 
 51^1 pence per ounce of British standard fineness, equivalent to $1.02.26 
 per ounce United States standard, and the average New York price 
 was $1.02,419 per ounce standard. 
 
 During the year, about $29,000 of punched and mutilated silver coins 
 were purchased and melted for recoinage. 
 
 The stiver coinage consisted of $27,772,075 in standard dollars, and 
 $11,313.75 in fractional coin, a total of $27,783,388.75. 
 
 The profits on the silver coinage amount to $3,440,887.15, of which 
 $3,438,829.41 were from the coinage of the dollar and $2,057.74 from 
 fi-actional coin. 
 
 Wlien the financial report of this Department was made last year, 
 public queries were started whether the profits on coinage were truly 
 given. To satisfy myself and please a proper public scrutiny, I called 
 a fitting official person from the assistant treasurer's office at New 
 York, and charged him with a thorough investigation of the matter. 
 Wliat he did appeajrs in his report appended hereto. I think it is 
 complete and satistiictory, and puts at rest any doubt that the accounts 
 have been accurately kept and truly reported. 
 
 During the year the mints distributed 15,747,463 standard silver 
 dollars, leaving in their vaults 35,365,672, from the coinage of this and 
 former years. 
 
 Of the minor or base-metal coins, 46,865,725 pieces were struck, in 
 value $644,757.75. Of this, 4,400,775 pieces, in value $220,038.75, were 
 five-cent nickel coins, for which the demand was large during the year. 
 The rest of it was principally of one-cent pieces. 
 
 Besides the coinage, $37,505,120 worth of gold and $8,129,202 worth 
 of silver was made into bars. 
 
 Up to October 1, under the act of May 26, 1882, $6,588,000.06 in fine 
 gold bars fit for export were changed for gold coin at the New York 
 assay office, thus saving the exi3ense of coinage. 
 
 The coin circulation of the country on July 1, 1881, is estimated, from 
 
 the statistics of coinage and net imports of coin, to have been — 
 
 United States gold coin $439, 776, 753 
 
 United States silver coin 171, 459, 760 
 
 Total 611,236.519
 
 KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 41 
 
 The increase on the 30th of June last, by coinage and imports of 
 coin, was — 
 
 United States gold coin $oOO, 882, 185 
 
 United States silver coin ll>0, 573, 3C0 
 
 Total 700,455,545 
 
 There was further increase by coinage and imports during the next 
 quarter of $11,308,851 in gold, and $7,036,410 in silver. 
 
 The mints and assay offices on the 1st of October also held for 
 coinage $51,440,420 in gold bullion, and $3,343,565 in silver bullion, 
 making tlie stock of United States coin and bullion available for coin- 
 age on October 1 — 
 
 United States gold coin $512, 191, 030 
 
 United States gold bullion 51, 440, -120 
 
 United States silver coin 20(5, 009, 770 
 
 United States silver bullion 3, 343, 565 
 
 Total 773, 584, 791 
 
 THE NATIONAL, BANKS. 
 
 The affairs of the national banks during the current year are treated 
 of more fally in the report of the Comptroller of the Currency than 
 space will permit herein. It gives an abstract of their resources ami 
 liabilities for each year since the national-bank system went into 
 operation, together with statistical information for a series of years, 
 dra^vu fi"om ollieial sources, of the affairs of private bankers, savings- 
 banks, and banking associations organized under State laws. 
 
 The number of national banks organized during the year is 171, 
 which is the greatest number organized during any year since 1872. 
 The number of banks in operation is 2,209; more than at any previous 
 date. They are located in every State and organized Territory of the 
 Union. The returns made by them sLow that on October 3d of the 
 present year they had as aggTcgate capital $483,104,213; as surplus, 
 $131,977,450; as indi\idual deposits, $1,122,472,082; had made loans 
 in amount, $1,238,286,524; and held in specie, $102,857,778. 
 
 The number of banks whose corporate existence either Ins expired, 
 or would have expired if no action had been taken by their stock- 
 holders, is eighty-six. The stockholders of fifty-four of them, which 
 have been placed in voluntary liquidation or whose charters have ex- 
 pired by limitation, have organized new banks in the same localities.
 
 42 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 The stockholders of thirty banks have extended their existence under 
 the act passed at the last session of Congress. That act was well 
 adapted to the purpose intended. 
 
 The corporate existence of 305 other banks will expire before Feb- 
 ruary 25, 1883. Nearly all of these have given notice of an intention 
 to seek an extended period of existence, under that act. 
 
 The repoi-t also tells the total amount of coin and currency in the 
 country, and the distribution of them in the Treasury, in the banks, 
 and among the ])eople. Since the day of resumption — the 1st day of 
 January, 1879 — there has been an increase, in gold coin of $288,795,330; 
 in silver coin of 105,750,532 ; and in national-bank notes of $38,936,073; 
 in all, of $443,481,935. 
 
 The aggregate circulation of the national banks had steadily increased 
 for a series of years. The action of existing banks, in making de- 
 posit for the ultimate redemption of their circulating notes, lessened 
 for the year the amount of those notes for which those banks are liable 
 by the sum of $5,478,854. 
 
 The national banks hold $220,000,000 of United States bonds Avhich 
 are payable at the pleasure of the Government. This is more than 
 one-half of the whole amount outstanding of this class of bonds. If 
 the public debt is to be paid as rapidly as it has been of late, it is 
 likely that all of these bonds will be paid during the next three 
 years. Vv^henever they are called for payment, the banks holding 
 them, to keep up the circulation of their notes, must either deposit 
 lawful monej^ in the Treasury amounting in the aggregate to at least 
 $200,000,000, or purchase and dei)osit there other United States bonds. 
 The cheapest of those bonds are at a high premium in the market. 
 
 It is estimated that the profit from the deposit of those bonds and 
 the taking and issuing the circulating notes famished thereon, when 
 the lawful rate of interest is as high as six per cent., is not more 
 than three-fifths of one i)er cent. It is supposed that this is not enough 
 to lead the banks to buy them largely, for the purpose of securing cir- 
 culation. 
 
 Is there not reason for forethought whether, with this embarrassment, 
 the bank circulation will not be so largely retired as to trouble the busi- 
 ness community? 
 
 Ways are suggested of forestalling a troublesome contraction of the 
 circulation — one, a reduction or abolition of the tax on circulation; 
 another, an increase of the rate of issue to ninety per cent* of the 
 current market value of the bonds ; another, that the four and four
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, 43 
 
 and a half per cent, bonds be refunded into three per cents upon terms 
 Batisfactory to the holders, thus bringing into market a class of bonds 
 purchasable at a lower rate 5 and another, that the Treasury Uepiut- 
 ment be empowered to take, as a basis of circulation, the three-sixty- 
 five bonds of the District of Columbia. 
 
 The Comptroller gives statistics of the taxation of the national 
 banks, and again recommends a repeal of the tax upon capital and 
 deposits, in which recommendation the Secretary concurs. The capi- 
 tal invested in national banks is $402,341,001, The taxes assessed 
 upon them by the IJuited States and the States for the year 1881 were 
 $17,189,080, being at the rate of 3,7 per cent. The amount ai^essed 
 by the United States is near one-half of the whole. A re])eal of the 
 laws providing for it would still leave those banks liable to an assess- 
 ment by the States of over eight millions of dollars per annum. 
 
 The Comptroller of the Currency has completed his annual tables, 
 showing the amounts of United States bonds held by the national banks, 
 State banks, savings-banks, and private bankers on the 1st of Novem- 
 ber, 1882. The national banks held on November 1, 1882, as security 
 for circulation and for public deposits and other purposes, $390,528,400 
 of interest-bearing bonds of the United States. This is nearly thirty 
 millions less than the amount held on November 1, 1881, and about seven 
 millions less than for the corresponding date in 1880. 
 
 Banking associations other than national hold these bonds as fol- 
 lows : State banks in twenty-one States, $8,739,172 ; trust companies in 
 five States, $10,934,812 ; savings-banks in fifteen States, $237,780,442— 
 total, $203,400,420. 
 
 There has been during the past year a decrease of about two millions 
 in the amount held by State banks and trust companies, and an ineiease 
 of nearly twenty-seven millions in the amounts held by savings banks. 
 
 The amounts held in geographical divisions by these associations 
 in 1882 were as foUows : Eastern States, $42,007,248 ; ^Middle States, 
 $197,135,239; Southern States, $208,350; Western States, $3,309,414; 
 Pacific States, $20,020,175— total, $203,400,420. 
 
 These returns have been compiled from reports made to the officers 
 of the dilTerent States, which have been forwarded by them to the 
 Comptroller. 
 
 The interest-bearing funded debt of the United States was on No- 
 vember 1, $1,418,080,200. The total amount of bonds held by the 
 national banks, State banks, and savings-banks at the nearest corre- 
 sponding date that could be ascertained was $050,988,820, which aiiioimt 
 is not greatly less than one-half of the whole interest-bearing debt.
 
 44 REPOIiT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Similar facts bave also been compiled from the returns made by State 
 banks, savin r^s-banks, and private bankers to the Treasury Department 
 for the i)urpose of taxation, showing that the banks and bankers of the 
 country, exckisive of the national banks, held an average amount of 
 United States bonds during the six months ending May 31, 1882, as fol- 
 lows : Savings-banks, $242,028,782 ; State banks and trust companies, 
 $23,211,430; private bankers, $14,870,745— total, $280,110,957. 
 
 The amount of bonds given in the returns to the Commissioner of 
 Internal Revenue, which is the amount invested in United States bonds, 
 and may include the premium as well as principal of the bonds, is 
 $lG,G5t),000 more than the amount obtained from the returns to State 
 officers. The diiierence is comparatively small, and the amounts ob- 
 tained from the one source serve to corroborate the general accuracy 
 of the returns obtained from the other. 
 
 At the last session of Congress legislation was had to stop the over- 
 certification by national banks of checks, in form drawn upon them. 
 (See chapter 290 of 1882, section 13.) That act is an amendment of 
 section 5208 of the United States Revised Statutes, which made it 
 penal to certify such a check unless the drawer then had on deposit with 
 the drawee money to the amount of it. Section 13, above cited, makes 
 it penal to resort to any device, or to receive any fictitious obligation, 
 whereby to evade the provisions of section 5208, above cited. Since the 
 passage of section 13, instead of the formal certification of checks, some 
 national banks have made a formal accejjtance thereof. They claim that 
 this does not break the law, and plant upon section 5136 of United States 
 Revised Statutes, wherein that section allows the making of contracts 
 and the use of powers incidental and necessary to the business of bank- 
 ing; and upon section 5209, United States Revised Statutes, Avhich 
 makes it x)enal for a bank officer to accept without authority, whence, 
 it is claimed, the imjilicatiou is, that with authority from the bank 
 directors it is lawful; and upon the absence from section 13 of an 
 express prohibition of making an acceptance. The question remains, 
 however, is the making of the acceptance a resort to a device, or the 
 receiving of a fictitious obligation, in order to evade the provisions of 
 section 5208? For it is understood at this Department that these 
 acceptances are not always made upon an amount of money actually on 
 deposit with the acceptor equal to that of the check. Judging that 
 Congress was earnestly trying to stop a practice which it deemed 
 fraught with evil, I believed it well to concur with the Comptroller of 
 the Currency in submitting the matter to the Department of Justice, 
 for the official opinion of the Attorney-General, whether a national bank
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 45 
 
 might lawfully make such acceptances ; and, as the amount of them is 
 supposed to be large, whetlier, if the bank might lawfully make them, 
 it should be held, in so doing, within the bounds of section 5200, Ee\-ised 
 Statutes United States, to the one-tenth of its paid-up capital ; and, if 
 it might be so held, whether that limit applied to the gross amount of 
 the acceptances or to a single acceptance? (See section o202. United 
 States Kevised Statutes.) The Department of Justice has made reply to 
 the communication of this Department. The opinion of the Attorney- 
 General is that to write the word "accepted" across a check is to the 
 same effect as to vrrite the word "good" there j and that, though one 
 may be called a " certification " and the other an " acceptance," they 
 mean the same thing, and are like acts; that when the drawer has not 
 with the drawee the funds with which the check may be at once paid, 
 the writing of one word, just as much as the WTiting of the other, is 
 for the same forbidden purpose — ^to produce the same forbidden result : 
 that, inasmuch as the liability is the same whether the check be marked 
 with the one word or the other, either mark, if incurring that liability, 
 would seem to be sufficient to bring the case within the prohibition 
 referred to. It remains to be seen whether the banks which have 
 indulged in this practice will cease therefrom on knowledge of this 
 opinion, or whether the Comptroller of the Currency, or the law officers 
 of the Government, must enforce the pains and penalties incurred by 
 violation of the law. 
 
 PUBLIC MONEYS. 
 
 The monetary transactions of the Government have been conducted 
 through the ofGces of the United States Treasurer, nine assistant 
 treasurers, and one hundred and thirty-five national-bank depositaries. 
 
 The gross receipts of the Government, amounting during the fiscal 
 year, as shown by warrants, to $524,470,974.28, were deposited as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 In independent-treasury offices $382, G80, 906 77 
 
 In national-bank depositaries 141, 790, 067 51 
 
 The quarterly examinations of independent-treasury offices, required 
 by law, have been made, and those offices have, besides, been sub- 
 jected to special examinations by officers of this Department. As far 
 as known, there has been no loss to the Government from public officers 
 engaged either in the receipt, the safe-keeping, or the disbursement of 
 the public moneys. I have seen some instances of misdealing with 
 them, but as yet without ultimate public loss.
 
 46 
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 CUSTOMS. 
 
 The revenue from customs for the last fiscal year was $220,410,730.25, 
 au increase of $22,251,054.23 over that of the preceding year; an 
 increase in the value of dutiahle imj^orts of $73,887,486, and in that ot 
 free goods of $8,087,460. There was collected at the port of New 
 York the sum of $152,773,962.32; at all other ports, $68,300,f')98.03. 
 The sum of $49,198,312 was collected on sugar, melado, and molasses; 
 $29,253,016 on wool and its manufactures; $24,175,547 on iron and 
 steel, and manufactures thereof; $22,633,137 on manufactures of silk; 
 $12,227,103 on those of cotton; and $6,771,483 on wines and spirits; 
 in all, from those articles, $144,258,598. 
 
 The table here given shows the rate per centum of the cost of collec- 
 tion. It is .0294, and is less than that of any year since 1876: 
 
 Aggregate duties on imports and tonnage, and receipts and expenses of collection for the fiscal 
 years 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, and 1882. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Duties. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Expenses. 
 
 Cost, per 
 cent. 
 
 1877 
 
 $130, 956, 493 07 
 130, 170, 680 20 
 137,250,047 70 
 186, 522, 064 60 
 198, 159, 676 02 
 220, 410, 730 25 
 
 $132, 634, 029 53 
 132,024,409 16 
 138,976,631 79 
 188, 508, 690 34 
 200, 079, 150 98 
 222, 559, 104 83 
 
 $6, 501, 037 57 
 5,826,974 32 
 5, 485, 779 03 
 5, 995, 878 06 
 6,419,345 20 
 6, 549, 595 07 
 
 4.90 
 
 1878 
 
 4.41 
 
 1879 
 
 3.94 
 
 1880 
 
 3.18 
 
 1881 
 
 3.20 
 
 1882 
 
 2.94 
 
 
 
 I also ask the attention of Congress to the classification of sugar, as I 
 know not whether it will be treated of, or, if it is, how it will be treated 
 of in any other document brought to the attention of Congress; and 
 the subject is one of practical importance. 
 
 The Dutch standard of color is no longer a practical test of the sac- 
 charine strength of imported sugars, or of their value for refining. The 
 Supreme Court, in a recent decision, has interpreted the existing law 
 to be, that customs officers may not look beyond the apparent color, and 
 must classify the invoices thereby, though satisfied that the color is arti- 
 ficial and made to get a lower rate of duty. That standard was adopted, 
 doubtless, believing that color showed value. The intention was to 
 put upon sugar, duties in effect ad valorem. As it has come about, how- 
 ever, the grades of sugar highest in value, when thus artificially colored, 
 come in at the lowest rate of duty. The purpose of Congress in ado])t- 
 ing the Dutch standard is measurably defeated. Provision should be 
 made for just classification. This may be done by putting on an ad 
 valorem duty, by a specific duty, or by authorizing some standard other 
 than that of apparent color. IJTow, domestic producers do not get the
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 47 
 
 incidental protection meant to be given them. Importers, too, are 
 subject to embarra.ssment in fixing the rate of duty on their goods, and 
 otherwise. 
 
 The importance of a new tribunal for the trial of customs cases, or of 
 the transfer of them to an existing tribunal, is again presented to Con- 
 gress. The bill now pending gives jurisdiction over them to the Court 
 of Claims. It seems to this Department that thisis a method economical 
 and speedy, and hence good for the disposal of these cases. It would 
 relieve the Department of business which it is not fully organized to 
 entertain and properly act upon. 
 
 The recommendation of last year is repeated, that the Secretary be 
 authorized to refer to the Court of Claims, in his discretion, any disputed 
 claims against the Government involving important questions of law 
 or fact. This would give to claimants and to the Government a proper 
 iudicial trial and judgment, and ward ofl'the requests for re-exainina- 
 tions which are now urged upon every change of principal officers of 
 Departments. 
 
 It is also recommended that there bo authorized the appointment of 
 three additional general appraisers. The necessity for this addition 
 has long been felt, the interests of the Government having suffered in 
 some sections for the lack of a proper tribunal to determine disputes. 
 
 INTERNAL REVENUE. 
 
 From the various objects of taxation under the internal-revenue laws 
 the receipts for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, were as follows : 
 
 From spirits $60, 873, 408 18 
 
 From tobacco 47, 391, 988 91 
 
 From fermented liquors 16, 153, 920 12 
 
 From banks and bankers 5, 253, 158 47 
 
 From adhesive stamps, (including bank checks, 
 $2,318,155.14; friction matches, $2,272,258 5 patent 
 
 med icines, &c., $1,978,395.56) 7, 560, 108 70 
 
 From penalties, &c 199, 830 01 
 
 From collections not otherwise provided for 81, 559 00 
 
 Total 116, 523, 273 72 
 
 The increase of the revenue from spirits during the last fiscal year 
 was $2,719,433.30; the increase from tobacco in its various forms of 
 manufacture for the same i)eriod was $4,536,997.60 ; the increase from 
 fermented liquors was $2,453,670.21 ; the increase of revenue from taxes 
 on banks and bankers was $1,491,250.40; the total increase' of iuterniil 
 revenue from all sources was $11,293,361.42.
 
 48 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF TflE TREASa!!!'. 
 
 REDUCTION OF TAXATION. 
 
 The Treasury Department was created by act of Congress, chapter 
 xii, of the year 1789. By the second section it was made the duty 
 of the Secretary " to digest and prepare plans for the improvement 
 of the revenue." The word improvement meant enlargement. The 
 need was for more revenue, and the lack was of subjects from which 
 it might bo taken. In that sense that duty is now %^'ithout care. The 
 times have changed. What now perplexes the Secretary is not where- 
 from he may get revenue and enough for the pressing needs of the 
 Government, but whereby he shall tui-n back into the flow of business 
 the more than enough for those needs that has been drawn from the 
 people. 
 
 There are now in the Treasuiy unused assets to a large amount, and 
 the daily receipts into the Treasury from customs and internal-revenue 
 taxation are about a milhon and a quarter. 
 
 It is plain from this, and the statement with which this report be- 
 gins of the estimated expenditures for the next fiscal year, that the 
 receipts from revenue are, and are likely to be, in excess of the needs 
 of the Government. 
 
 From the inequality between daily large receipts and comparatively 
 small daily disbursements there comes an evil effect upon the business 
 of the country. The collections by Government are taken out of the 
 money market in sums and at dates which have little or no agreement 
 with the natural movement of money, and are returned to it with the 
 same inadaptation to commercial or financial requirements. Occa- 
 sionally the large disbursements of the Government have created a 
 pletliora of money; more frequently its large and continued withdrawals 
 of money have caused such a scarcity of floating capital as to check 
 the proper movement of legitimate business. It is not only that the 
 amount in the Treasury is so much kept from the use of community ; 
 the fact becomes an incentive and an aid to men who for their own ends 
 conspire to keep from that use other large sums. We have believed 
 that the laws of the States against primogeniture, the entail of es- 
 tates, and the accumulation of personal property, stood in the way of 
 heaping up wealth in single hands, and gathering in single hands the 
 power over others that great wealth gives. But so it is, that to-day 
 there are men so rich that by conspiring together, they can at will put 
 and hold hand on near as much money as Government can lay hand to, 
 save by the use of its credit. The power thus had is used from time 
 to time. It results, that violent and sudden contractions and expansions
 
 REPORT OF THP: SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 49 
 
 afflict the business community, aud the Govertiineut is an unwilling 
 aider and abettor therein. It has come about that the Treasury De- 
 partment is looked to a.s a great, if not a chief cause of recurring strin- 
 gencies, and the Treasury is calli^d to for relief. Every Secretary of 
 the Treasury for years past, has had it brought clearly to his mind, aud 
 oflficial expedients have been used to remedy the «'vi]. Littl<» of last- 
 ing value has been accomplished thereby. 
 
 There is no advisable and lawful mode of disbursing an «_'\i.sting excess 
 of assets but that of the payment of the public debt. That debt is 
 substantially of two principal classes — that payable at the pleasure of 
 the Government, that payable at a fixed date in the future. The 
 former is also of two kinds — that bearing interest at three aud a half 
 per cent., and that at three per cent. The latter may not be called in 
 for payment while any of the former is outstanding and uncalled. So 
 is the law of its creation. Of the former there are outstanding and un- 
 called over seventy millions. The interpretation put by the Department 
 upon the ^^arious laws out of which that debt has arisen, requires that a 
 call for it for payment must fix for the maturity and for the cessation 
 of interest a date three months oft'. This somewhat hampers the De- 
 partment in so making calls as to keep up a timely succession. For calls 
 at three months off there must eitlier be the funds in hand therefor at 
 the time when the call is made, or there must be a reliance upon the 
 probable prospective receipts. To wait before making a call until the 
 funds are in fact in hand would be to increase the evil of which I am speak- 
 ing. To call in reliance upon receipts to come needs caution, lest by 
 changes in business currents or business prosperity they may be les- 
 sened, and thus embarrassment ensue; so that, practically, the Depart- 
 ment cannot with prudence work in this matter ui> to what may tiu'n out 
 to be its full ability. Whether the three per cent, bonds will require the 
 same length of call-time has not yet been determined. Xor is a call al- 
 ways eflectual in l)ringiug in the debt for payment. The monthly' state- 
 ments of the public debt show that of matured obligations on wliich 
 interest has ceased there are outstanding over ele\^en millions and a half, 
 some of it from the year 1837. Doubtless some of this has been lost 
 or destroyed, and will never be brought for ])aymeut. Bnt bonds which 
 are in late calls come in slowly. Thus, of the calls preceding the last, 
 all of which have been some days payable at option of holders with- 
 out rebate of interest, aud which were, in all, for $r)r>,0(lO,()00, there 
 is outcstanding $3.3,000,000 and over. 
 
 Bonds of the other princii)al class are of several kinds, all i)ayal)lo at 
 a future date, and all arc now at a high premium in the market. If it 
 4 Ab
 
 50 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 were good policy for the Department to buy these at their premium, it 
 could by so doing easily free the Treasury from its excess of assets. 
 Various causes put these premiums, at a height almost unexam- 
 pled. It is true that capitalists may buy them now, and they will, if 
 the present state of things continues, by the time they fall due and 
 payable, and are paid to them at their face, have realized some in- 
 terest upon the purchase price. At the present premium on most if not 
 on all of them that will be short of three per cent. Calculations show 
 that at these premiums a purchase will not have yielded at the end of 
 their term three per cent, on the money paid for them. The Govern- 
 ment by the purchase of them might in effect take an equal profit. 
 But it can save to itself three and a half per cent, by calling bonds of 
 that class. Hence, I do not perceive how a Secretary couldjustify him- 
 self to the country at large, in paying the Government debt at ruling 
 premiums, when there is no requirement of law to be answered, and no 
 convenience or pressing need of the Government to be met; unless 
 there is a great emergency, and general financial disaster is threatened, 
 which only extreme measures of Governmental interference can turn 
 aside. It is true that this Depi^rtment has heretofore, and as late as 
 March 30, 1881, purchased bonds and paid for them the face value 
 and a premium thereon. The purchases on that day were over five 
 millions and a quarter of dollars, and the premium j^aid near fifty-five 
 thousand dollars. But the purchase was for the sinking-fund, and the 
 law of that fund required a purchase, and there were no Government 
 bonds redeemable at pleasure to the payment of which an excess of 
 assets might be applied. In former years there were large and con- 
 tinued purchases of bonds at a premium, but they went hand in hand 
 with sales of gold at a greater premium, and the Government made a 
 profit by the transaction, and then, too, was for a time the requirement 
 of the sinking-fund, and there were no bonds payment of which might be 
 made in invitum. 
 
 The anticipation of payment of called bonds without a rebate of the 
 interest up to the day named in the call rests upon a ditlerent basis. 
 A prepayment of interest upon the public debt is sanctioned by express 
 provision of law. (See resolution No. 25, of March, 18G4, and U. S. 
 Rev. Stats., 3699.) A reference to the debates in Congress when that 
 resolution was under discussion, shows that the motive for the adop- 
 tion of it was, that the Treasury Department might at any time break 
 a tightness in the money market by putting out money idle in its vaults. 
 The power thus given has of late been used for that purpose. Though 
 this does give a gain to the holders of the bonds, it ijuts no loss upon
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 51 
 
 the Government. The Treasury uses for the prepayment, money that 
 it needs not for use iu other ways, and which yields no interest, and 
 which it must at last use for paying just what it pays in advance, and 
 to no more than the amount that it must at last pay. In paying a high 
 premium, however, it pays what it is not bound ever to pay, and it is 
 not a certain event that it will ever make itself whole again, and to 
 the extent of some part of the premium, it extinguishes uo debt. 
 
 It is doubtless good policy to extinguish the long bonds of the Gov- 
 ernment, rather than those payable at its pleasure; for the time is at 
 hand when, with the present rate of receipts and the present rate of 
 payment of the public debt, all the bonds subject to optional time of 
 payment will have been called in. Tlien, if there be a surplus in the 
 Treasury, there will be no outlet for it save by purchase at large pre- 
 mium of long bonds, or the disbursement of it through appropriations 
 for purposes beyond the ordinary and economical needs of the Gov- 
 ernment. It is, therefore, for Congress to consider the propriety of em- 
 powering this Department to buy the long bonds at a high premium. If 
 it shall deem it i>olitic to make general purchases of bonds at such pre- 
 mium for extinguishment, it should by law give to this Department 
 express authority' so to do, and thus adoi^t that policy. 
 
 There have been other suggestions of modes of freeing the Treasury 
 of an excess of assets. The national-bank act, section 35, (U. S. Ke- 
 \ised Statutes, sec. 5133,) iirovides for the designation of national 
 banks as depositaries of public moneys, security being taken in a cor- 
 responding deposit of United States bonds. All monej'S received for 
 customs nuist be paid into the Treasury, and no part of them can be 
 l)laced in national bank depositaries. It is seen that if they, or any 
 part of them, were deposited with national-bank depositaries, they 
 would soon find their way back iuto the currents of business in loans 
 and discounts, as do now the receipts from internal-revenue taxation. 
 
 There are in the Treasury over fifty millions of dollars, being the 
 five per cent, fund for the redemption of national-bank notes, and the 
 fund for the redemption of notes of national banks that have failed. 
 These funds have not beeu treated by the Department as "public 
 nu)neys" within the intent of the sections above cited, and have been 
 kept in the Treasury. If CongTess should give an interpretation to 
 the words "public moneys" Avhich would take in these funds, and thej' 
 be put on deposit with the public depositaries, the same results would 
 follow as are above suggested as to customs receipts. 
 
 It is argued by tliose who contend for larger use of the banks as de- 
 positaries that all other civilized countries have an advantage over
 
 52 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 tlie TJuited States in the relations between their treasuries and the 
 money market; that tlieir governments keep tlicir accounts with the 
 strongest banks in the country, and in this natural way of transacting 
 business they do not deprive their trade of the natural and necessary 
 services of floating capital; that it is only in the United States that 
 the Government, chiefly by law and partly for want of the use of exist- 
 ing discretionary powers, deliberately disturbs the natural currents of 
 money, inflicting upon trade a prolonged or spasmodic stringency by 
 locking up its receipts, or stimulating speculation by a sudden out- 
 pouring of its hoard; that all business is taxed by this system of legal 
 caprice, and that it is probably no exaggeration to say that our Treas- 
 ury statutes cause discounts in New York City to average two per cent, 
 higher than under the more natural system of employing the ordinary 
 business agencies for the Government's collections and disbursements. 
 
 I do not yield to this reasoning to the full extent that it is sought 
 to push it. It may be well to give the Department the power to make 
 larger deposits in the public depositaries. I conceive that the receij^ts 
 from customs, now to great extent pledged by law to the payment of the 
 bonded creditor, should be held in the Treasury; for in another course 
 there are disadvantages that might come to both Government and people, 
 and which would, if they came, outweigh all advantages to either. It 
 is safe to say that the country is never so sure of a continued course 
 of prosperity as that prudent forecast will not take heed of possible 
 financial disturbance and disaster. If such should come, in such mag- 
 nitude as that the national-bank depositaries should be involved in 
 common with all, it would be of the greatest good that the Govern- 
 ment had in its own hands the means to meet the daily calls upon it. 
 It has chanced that, singly, national-bank depositaries have failed to 
 meet the drafts of the Government upon them, to its embarrassment. 
 Greatly more so would it be if all or many should so fail together, 
 and together should have in keeping, in main, the assets of the Govern- 
 ment. The policy of the Department has been to keep for the redemp- 
 tion of the United States notes a reserve of about forty per cent, of the 
 amount of them outstanding, and, besides that, to hold money enough 
 to meet all other obligations payable on demand. It is a i^art of that 
 policy that the Treasui-y should itself hold that reserve. "You must 
 be ready for the e'vil day, and, being readj^ for the evil day, the evil 
 day almost never comes; not being ready for the evil day, it is certain to 
 come." For these reasons I would not seek a release of the Treasury 
 from this complication, in these modes. 
 
 The radical cure for the evil is in the reduction of taxation, so that
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 53 
 
 no more Tvill be taken tiom the peojjle than enough to carry on the 
 Government with economy ; to meet all its obligations that must be 
 met from year to year; to pay off with reasonable celerity the part of 
 the debt which it may pay at pleasure, and to provide through the 
 sinking-fund for the payment of that which will become payable by 
 and by. The evil comes from the likelihood of the Government hold- 
 ing from time to time a large surplus to be ijoured out in volume at 
 uncertain and unforeseen times, and at times often inopportune for 
 the business of the country. There could not be that surplus, surely 
 not so great a one, if the subjects of taxation were lessened and the 
 rates made smaller upon those retained. 
 
 The figures are given above which show an estimated surplus of 
 public moneys for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1883, upon the basis 
 of existing laws and including the sinking-fimd, of $75,577,043.75. 
 
 Unless some disturbing cause comes in, not now foreseen, that sur- 
 plus will increase from jear to year as the interest on the public debt 
 decreases. For without such cause the revenues from all sources will 
 not be diminished if the laws i)roductive thereof remain unchanged. 
 As so great an annual surplus is the direct result of the existing revenue 
 laws, what will be the financial condition of the country if these laws 
 remain unchanged and taxation be not reduced ? 
 
 In connection herewith, should be borne in mind the increasing ex- 
 penditure for pensions, as likely to affect in some degree the increase 
 of surplus." 
 
 The Commissioner of Pensions has fiu'nished to this Department an 
 estimate based upon facts on his records which gives these figures: 
 
 Number of claims filed to June 30, 1882 817, 722 
 
 Number admitted 472, 77G 
 
 Number on rejected files 75, 268 
 
 Number pending 2G9, G7S 
 
 817, 722 
 
 Of the number pending, 197,023 are entitled to "arrears," and the 
 first payment in the same, compiled from discharge or death to date, 
 would not fall below $200,000,000. 
 
 The remaining 72,055 were filed subsequent to June 30, 1880, and 
 pension, when allowed, would commence from date of filing. 
 
 Last year he estimated tliat the average value on the 1st «lay of 
 January, 1884, of each claim allowed out of the class in which are the 
 197,023 above, would be $1,350, and he then reckoned that about five- 
 sixths of that class would be found valid claims and would be allowed.
 
 54 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 The amount of United States bonds which are now due and payable 
 at the pleasure of the Government are as follows : 
 
 Fives continued at three and a half per cent $155, 350, 350 
 
 Threes 259, 370, 500 
 
 Total 414, 720, 850 
 
 Those which next become redeemable are the four and a half per 
 cents, which may be paid September 1, 1891 $250, 000, 000 
 
 Lastly, the four per cents, redeemable July 1, 1907 738, 929, 600 
 
 To which add the refunding certificates 423, 750 
 
 Making 739, 353, 350 
 
 The amount of the fanded debt redeemable at any time before Sep- 
 tember 1, 1891, which will remain unpaid on the 30th of June, 1883, 
 is about $300,000,000, and upon the foregoing estimates for the 
 fiscal year ending June 30, 1883, the whole funded debt now redeem- 
 able could be paid before June 30, 1886. This would leave as the sur- 
 plus for more than five years the amount of $600,000,000, undisposed 
 of in the Treasury, unless, yielding to the temptation of seeming 
 wealth, expenditures be largely iu creased. The amount of the loan 
 redeemable in 1891 is only $250,000,000, and, as has been stated, no 
 other loan becomes redeemable until 1907, so that the surplus under 
 the conditions supposed will rapidly increase until that date. The 
 amount of the loan of 1907, as already appears, is less than $740,000,000, 
 so that, were it all redeemable, the whole public debt could be paid 
 from a surplus as great as estimated early in the fiscal year ending 
 June 30, 1894. 
 
 It has not often occurred in public financial history that embarrass- 
 ment has arisen through superabundance of revenues. The condition 
 of the country in that respect, while it illustrates its almost boundless 
 resources, and establishes its credit beyond a question, presents diffi- 
 culties of grave character. 
 
 The accumulation in the Treasury of a large surplus, which must occur 
 unless immediate measures are enacted for a reduction of the revenues, 
 is not to be placidly contemplated, and the question confronts us, in 
 what manner may it best be prevented? 
 
 The suggestion thilt the Government may go into the market and 
 purchase its bonds not yet redeemable at the market rates is noted 
 in another place. As a temporary expedient, or for a relatively small 
 amount, this policy might be adopted. But were it estabhshed by law 
 as a permanent policy, the long bonds, now at a high premium, would
 
 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 55 
 
 be SO enlianced in price as to render the purchase of bonds imprac- 
 ticable within reasonable bounds. 
 
 A greater use of the national banks as depositaries is treated of 
 elsewhere herein. If that should be made, it would be but a return to 
 the channels of business of moneys taken from them without need, 
 and with the charge upon the people of the cost of collecting. 
 
 I respectfully refer to my last report for my views upon this sub- 
 ject. They have not materially changed. Now, as then, it is recom- 
 mended to retain a tax on spirits, tobacco, and fermented liquors, as 
 legitimate subjects of needful taxation. They are, in the main, the 
 means of indulgence, and should come before necessaries as subjects of 
 taxation. The tax from spirits for the last year was $09,873,408.18; 
 that from tobacco, $47,391,988.01; that from fermented licpiors, 
 $10,153,920.42. The increase over the year 1881 was, on spirits, 
 $2,719,433.30; on tobacco, $4,530,997.00; on fermented liquors, 
 $2,453,079.21. The total receipts from the taxation of these articles 
 was for the last year about one hundred and thirty-three millions of 
 dollars. The estimated expenditures for this fiscal year are near three 
 hundred millions. The retention of this tax will still leave a large sum 
 to be raised from other sources, so that there is not a i)ressing need of 
 a reduction here. Should it, however, be deemed expedient to reduce 
 the rate of duties on either of these articles, to obviate the inducement 
 to fraud, or to render such duties more equal, objection is not so 
 strongly urged against a moderate modification as against a total 
 repeal of all taxes thereon. Propositions have recently been made to 
 abolish the whole system of internal revenue, but neither i)nblic senti- 
 ment nor political action indicates a desire on the part of tax-paying 
 citizens to strike out this class of taxes. All the other subjects of internal 
 revenue niay be released from taxation, unless bank circulation be re- 
 tained. It is a franchise, a privilege to furnish that, and it is of profit 
 to the banks and of expense to the Government, and hence is a prefer- 
 able subject of taxation. The amount derived from it was $3,190,981.98 
 the last year, yet as the banks are liable to assessment by the States, 
 and thus to bear a share of public burdens, it is advisable to strike otf 
 the Federal taxation on their circulation. 
 
 The whole amount of internal revenue fi)r the year ended 
 June 30, 1882, besides those from spirits, fermented 
 li(iu(»rs, and tol)acco, is $13, 073, 950 21 
 
 The tax on circuhition and deposits of national banks 
 for the same period is 8, 950, 794 00 
 
 Making 22, 030, 750 S7
 
 56 REPOKT OF TirE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Deduct tliis amount from our surplus revenues, aud we have still a 
 surplus of about $08,000,000. 
 
 To complete au effectual reduction of taxation, it must be made on 
 some principal source of revenue, and such an one is the duties on 
 imports collected under the tariff laws, and an additional obvious 
 method of avoiding- a surplus in the TreasRiry is a reduction of the 
 revenues from those. 
 
 The subject of the rc^^eal of the tax on circulation and deposits of 
 national banks, and those upon adhesive stamps, and those derived 
 from banks and bankers, has been much discussed in Congress. It 
 will be seen, however, that the repeal of all these taxes would relieve 
 but a portion of the difiiculty. 
 
 The revenues from customs for the current year are estimated at 
 $235,000,000, aud under existing laws, and without a disturbing cause 
 now unforeseen, we may expect that they will not diminish in future 
 years. It seems, therefore, that a reduction should be made in the 
 revenue from the customs. 
 
 In reading the testimony before the Tariff Commission it is to be ob- 
 served that with scarcely an exception the representative of every in- 
 dustr}^, while conceding that a general reduction of the tariff Is proper 
 and necessary, has claimed that its peculiar product can submit to no 
 reduction of the protection now afforded. 
 
 While the views of the manufacturers are to be weighed, it is man- 
 ifest that they will never be able to agree ui)on a reduction of the tarift' 
 duties. 
 
 All agree that a revision of the tariff is necessary. The action of 
 Congress in creating a Commission for that purpose renders discus- 
 sion on that point unnecessary. The action of that commission in 
 detail is not yet known to this Department. Whatever may be its 
 recommendations, they wiU no doubt receive respectful consideration. 
 
 The Secretary of the Treasury, however, cannot feel that he is re- 
 lieved of responsibility because of that Commission. He deems it 
 proper, therefore, to make some recommendations upon the subject. 
 
 The whole amount of revenue from customs for the fiscal year 
 ended June 30, 1882, has afready been stated at something more than 
 $220,000,000. The classes of merchandise pajiug the largest amount 
 of duties from customs are the following, in tfee order named: Sugar 
 and molasses, wool and manufactures from it, iron and steel and the 
 manufactures from them, manufactures of silk, manufactures of cotton, 
 amounting to about one hundred and thirty-seven and a half millions. 
 A substantial reduction upon each of the class of articles named is
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 57 
 
 recommended. And it is believed that the time has arrived when a 
 reduction of duties on nearly all the articles in our tariff is demanded 
 and is feasible. 
 
 In addition to this, a careful revision of the tariff should be made 
 with a view to placing upon the free list many articles now paying a 
 duty. 
 
 It appears that the largest amount derived from any class of pro- 
 ducts, under the customs tariff, is that from sugar. 
 
 Sugar is a necessary of life for all classes in this country. The 
 average duty on it is equal to two and a half cents i)er pound, and 
 to nearly fifty-three and a half per cent, ad valorem. The amount 
 of cane-sugar produced in this country is estimated at eleven per cent, 
 of the whole quantity consumed, and it is apparent that nearly the 
 whole amount of revenue from this source is paid by the consumer, the 
 competition by home production not being sufficient seriously to affect 
 the price. The progress of industry in the jiroduction of sugar from 
 sorghum and the beet is not forgotten. It is entitled to consideration. 
 It is believed, however, that a substantial reduction of the duty upon 
 sugar may be made without injustice to the producers of it in this 
 country. 
 
 Upon wool and iron and steel, and their manufactures, a large re- 
 duction must be made to materially lessen the revenues derived from 
 them, as the amount of imports will increase as the duties are lessened. 
 
 It wUl probably be found that in general the reduction can chiefly 
 be made on the raw material or coarser manufiictures, rather than 
 those upon which a greater amount of labor has been bestowed. The 
 duties on manufactures of silk, it is believed, may be reduced without 
 injustice to manufacturers in this country. 
 
 The cotton tariff' is found to be complex and inamsistent, and it is 
 no doubt true that in most of the coarser classes of cotton fabrics our 
 manufacturers can compete with the world without protection. 
 
 Wines and spirits, which afford the largest amount of duty next to 
 the five classes enumerated, being articles of luxury, may well bear 
 any rate of duty deemed necessary for the revenue. 
 
 Without going further into details, the Secretary earnestly recom 
 mends a careful revision of the tariff, with a view to substantial re- 
 ductions. 
 
 The accomplishment of this is recommended to the present Congress, 
 which has been fully aware of the approaching financial situation, as 
 it is now presented, and has fully discussed tho subject in some of itvS 
 bearings.
 
 58 
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 FOREIGN COIVIMERCB. 
 
 The foreign commerce of the United States during the last fiscal 
 
 year, iTicliuliug imi)ort8 and exports of merchandise and specie, was 
 
 as follows : 
 
 Exports : IMerchandise $750, 542, 257 
 
 Specie 49, 417, 479 
 
 799, 959, 73G 
 
 Imports : Merchandise $724, 639, 574 
 
 Specie 42, 472, 390 
 
 707, 111, 904 
 
 Imports and exports during the year ended June 30, 
 
 1882 $1, 5G7, 071, 700 
 
 Imports and exports during the year ended June 30, 
 
 1881 1, G75, 024, 318 
 
 Decrease $107, 952, GIS 
 
 The excess of exports of merchandise over imports thereof was less 
 for the last fiscal year than for any of the previous six years. This is 
 shown as follows : 
 
 Year ended June 30— 
 
 Excess of exj)orts 
 over imjwrts of 
 niercliandise. 
 
 1876 
 
 $79, 643, 481 
 
 1377 
 
 ir,l, 152, 094 
 207,814,234 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 264. 661, 666 
 
 1880 
 
 167,683,912 
 259, 712, 718 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 25, 902, 683 
 
 
 
 The decrease in exports of cattle, provisions, breadstuffs, and cotton 
 during the last fiscal year, as compared with that of the preceding 
 fiscal year, is as follows : 
 
 Commodities. 
 
 1831. 
 
 1S32. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 Cattle 
 
 Indian corn 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Wheat tionr 
 Cotton, raw 
 Beef, fresh - 
 
 Bacon 
 
 Butter 
 
 Cheese 
 
 Lard 
 
 800, 227 
 845, 830 
 929,718 
 375. 055 
 812; 644 
 768. 881 
 124, 602 
 864, 570 
 058, 975 
 975, 902 
 
 $6 503, 876 
 
 21,856,839 
 
 54, 768, 767 
 
 8,672,202 
 
 47, 883, 102 
 
 3, 091, 403 
 
 11,492,:579 
 
 3, 391, 454 
 
 2,321,273 
 
 6, 250, 673
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 59 
 
 There has been an increase in the principal crops of the country in 
 1882 over those of 1881. Over 75 per cent, of the exports of domestic 
 merchandise is in products of agriculture. It is reasonable to expect 
 an increase in the exports of merchandise and an increase in the bal- 
 ance of trade in our favor. This expectation appears also to be justi- 
 fied by the fact that the exports of breadstuffs for the first four months 
 of the current fiscal year at the principal i)orts, exceeded such exjwrts 
 for the corresponding months of the preceding fiscal year by $4,570,084. 
 The exports of petroleum for the fiscal year just closed exceeded those 
 for the preceding fiscal year by $10,917,097. 
 
 niPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 The imports of merchandise for the last fiscal year exceeded those 
 of the preceding year by $81,974,946: 
 
 Articles. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1582. Increase. 
 
 India-rubber and gutta-percha 
 
 Breadstuli's 
 
 $11,054,949 
 10, 663, 675 
 
 S;14, 264, 903 
 m 7Q?. 9riQ 
 
 $3,209,954 
 8 131 594 
 
 Cotton mauufactures 
 
 31,219 329 3i'3M'^H»o 
 
 3, 131, 963 
 6,146,914 
 7 12*^ ,599 
 
 Fruits 
 
 12, 344, 929 
 
 6, 218, 453 
 
 874,223 
 
 32,0.56,701 
 
 93,404.288 
 
 31, 156, 426 
 
 18, 491, 843 
 13, 311, 052 
 4, 660, 120 
 38, 985, .567 
 100, 469, 022 
 37, 301, 520 
 
 Steel ingots 
 
 Potatoes 
 
 3 785 897 
 
 Silk mauufactures 
 
 6,92.8,866 
 7,064,734 
 6, 205, 094 
 
 Sugar and molasses. 
 
 Wool mauufactures ....... ...... ...... 
 
 
 During tlie fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, the exports of specie were 
 $40,417,479, and the imports $42,472,300— a difference of $6,945,089. 
 In the preceding fiscal year there was an excess of imports over ex- 
 ports of $91,168,050. This change came, probably, from the falling 
 ofi' in exports of merchandise for the year. 
 
 The report of the Bureau of Statistics shows, in detail, the state of 
 the foreign commerce of the United States. 
 
 COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION. 
 
 The tonnage of vessels owned in the United States at the close of 
 the fiscal year 1882, by the records of the Eegister of the Treasury, 
 was 4,165,933 tons. Of thi.s, 1,292,294 tons were in 2,185 vessels regis- 
 tered for the foreign trade, and 2,873,639 in 22,183 vessels enrolled and 
 licensed for the coasting trade and fisheries. There was a decrease of 
 43,292 tons in vessels in the foreign trade, and an increase of 151,491 
 tons in those in the domestic trade. The increase in the tonnage of 
 this class of vessels lor the fiscal year ended June 30, 1881, was but 
 6,924 tons.
 
 60 
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 
 
 The vessels built and documented as vessels of the United States 
 during the last fiscal year is shown by this table : 
 
 Kind of vessel. 
 
 Nmnbor. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Sailing-vessels 
 
 666 
 
 502 
 
 68 
 
 135 
 
 118,798.50 
 
 Steam-vessels ............ .................. 
 
 121, 842. m 
 
 Canal-boats .... ........ . ...................... 
 
 7, 882. 06 
 
 Barges -- -- 
 
 33, 746. 51 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1,376 
 
 282, 269. 73 
 
 
 
 The number of documented vessels of all classes built during the 
 past fiscal year exceeds that of the fiscal year ended in 1881 by 263. 
 The undocumented vessels built during the past year, such as canal- 
 boats and barges, may fairly be presumed to have been much larger. 
 The total tonnage of vessels entered from foreign countries was 
 15,630,541 tons during 1881, and 14,656,499 tons during the year 
 ended June 30, 1882 — a decrease of 974,042 tons. The American ton- 
 nage entered in the foreign trad^e was increased 49,141 tons, and the 
 foreign tonnage was decreased 1,023,183 tons. This tonnage is com- 
 puted from the number of entries of vessels, and not on the number 
 of vessels, and is limited to the seaboard i)orts. 
 
 Of the merchandise brought in at seaboard, lake, and river ports 
 during the fiscal year 1882, $130,266,826 were imported in American 
 vessels, and $571,517,802 in foreign. Of the exports of merchandise, 
 $96,962,919 were shipped in American, and $641,460,967 in foreign ves- 
 sels. Of the combined imports and exports of merchandise, 16 per 
 cent, only was conveyed in American vessels. 
 
 EXPORTS AND IMPORTS AND QUARANTINE OF NEAT-CATTLE. 
 
 Legislation on these subjects has two objects : First. The extinction 
 and prevention in the United States of the disease known as pleuro- 
 pneu7no7iia, or lung plague. Second. The increase of our commerce in 
 neat-cattle with other nations, especially Great Britain. 
 
 The disease did not begin in this country, the first cases having been 
 traced to foreign origin. It is found on the Atlantic coast in several 
 places from New York to Baltimore, but has not been felt in Kew England 
 for many years. It is a contagious disease, of malignant type, likely to 
 spread through herds, and from herd to herd. IMindful that the number 
 of neat-cattle in the United States in 1880 was about 36,000,000, which, 
 at $25 per head, would be valued at $900,000,000, and that there has 
 probably been increase rather than decrease, it is seen that this is a 
 matter of moment. The spread of the disease on the Atlantic coast
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 61 
 
 alone would make serious loss, tliough it is more readily controlled 
 where cattle are penned or housed. The starting and spread of it iu 
 the great open cattle ranches of the West would be calamitous. Its 
 contagious character, and the difficulty of treating it in large herds 
 roaming at will, make it formidable. Should it get a firm hold there, it 
 would badly hinder the raising and sale of cattle, which is a means of 
 wealth and prosperity to many of our people. 
 
 To prevent it being brought from abroad, the Department, in July, 
 1879, established regulations subjecting all imported cattle to a quar- 
 antine of ninety days. As there was no appropriation therefor until 
 the last session of Congress, importers were obliged to quarantine their 
 cattle at their own expense; and astheDominionof Canada, under like 
 provisions for quarantining imported cattle, made liberal provision there- 
 for, most of the cattle imported into the United States were brought 
 from abroad first into Canadian ports. 
 
 Using an appropriation of the last session, this Department, through 
 the Treasury Cattle-Commission, has taken active measures for estab- 
 lishing for imported cattle quarantine stations and shelter at Portland, 
 (Me.j) Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. The design is 
 to furnish buildings with sufficient laud, so arranged that the cattle 
 in quarantine may be isolated, not only fi'om cattle already in the coun- 
 tiy, but each importation from others, and be kept constantly under the 
 nspectiou of Government oflicers. It is expected that these arrange- 
 ments will be completed at the ports named within a few weeks. 
 
 Tlie second object in view is to promote the trade iu neat-cattle with 
 foreign nations, especially with Great Britain. 
 
 The number of live cattle exported, chiefly to Great Britain, in the 
 year ended June 30, 1881, was 185,707, valued at $14,304,103. For the 
 year ended June 30, 1882, the number was 108,110, a decrease of 77,597, 
 and in value of $6,503,870. The decrease was, however, no greater in 
 proportion than that generally in the exi)ortation of articles of food. 
 
 By an order of the Privj' Council of Great Britain of February, 1879, 
 all cattle imi)orted from the United States must bo slaughtered at the 
 ]Jort of arrival within ten daj^s. This order, deemed necessary to pre- 
 vent infection, will, no doubt, be rescinded, whenever the United States 
 shall adopt measures rendering it reasonably certain that importations 
 of cattle from this country will not introduce the disease from which 
 the people of Great Britain have heretofore suifored loss. 
 
 This order causes great loss on cattle exported to (rreat Britain from 
 this country, as only animals fit for beef can now be exported, and the 
 shrinkage in them on immediate slaughter, after the waste of a sea 
 voyage, without recuxjeration, is estimated at not less than ten per cent.
 
 62 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 There is a great demand in England for stock cattle, to be fed 
 and fattiMied on English soil, which we could readily supply, were it 
 not for the order referred to. Under a recent appropriation, this De- 
 partment, through the Cattle Commission, is arranging with the various 
 railroad companies for the transportation of cattle from the Western 
 States to the seaboard so as to save them from contagion on the route. 
 When these arrangements are ijerfected and found ellicient, we may 
 fairly ask of Great Britiau that the order for immediate slaughter of 
 American cattle imported into that country be rescinded. 
 
 The rex)ort of the Commission speaks in detail on this subject. 
 
 REVENUE MARINE. 
 
 There are now thirty-seven vessels in the Revenue-Marine Service, 
 thirty- two of which are steamers, and five sail- vessels. They are manned 
 by 199 officers and 774 men. 
 
 This was their regular work for the year ended June 30, 1882: 
 
 Aggregate number of miles cruised 303, 562 
 
 Number of vessels boarded and examined 24, 008 
 
 Kumber of vessels seized or reported to the proper author- 
 ities for violations of law 1, 042 
 
 Number of vessels assisted when wrecked or in distress . . . 147 
 
 Number of persons rescued from drowning Ill 
 
 Estimated value of imperilled vessels and cargoes assisted . $2, 254, 71G 
 
 Besides the regular duty, the service has done special work. 
 
 In May last, at the request of the Navy Del>artment, the Corwin, of 
 the Eevenue Service, was sent to St. Lawrence Bay, Siberia, to bring 
 away the officers and crew of the naval relief and exploring steamer, 
 Bodgers, burned at that place. The Corwin made a second cruise to 
 our most northern waters, to i^rotect the seal-fisheries and other Gov- 
 ernment interests in Alaska. She ascertained the fate of Master Put- 
 nam, of the U. S. Navy, who was carried to sea upon an ice floe and 
 perished. She cruised two hundred miles to the eastward of the signal 
 station, at Point Barrow, finding no open violations of law. Coming 
 back by the Aleutian Islands and Sitka, her commander. Lieutenant 
 Healy, in November, quelled an outbreak of the Indians upon the main- 
 land north of the latter place. 
 
 The revenue-steamer McLane, at Galveston, Tex., co-operated with 
 the Marine-Hospital Service in confining and alleviating the yellow-fever 
 epidemic, carrying physicians, nurses, medicines, and supplies. 
 
 The revenue-cutters have also co-operated with the Life-Saving Ser- 
 vice and the Light-House Establishment. 
 
 The expense of maintaining the Eevenue Marine for the fiscal yeax 
 ended 30th of June last was $846,423.34.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 63 
 
 The new vessel for duty on the southern coast, authorized by Con- 
 gress in 1880, has been completed and placed on duty, and named 
 "Walter Forward," The appropriation of $75,000, made at the huit 
 session, has, under the authority of the law, been applied to the re- 
 building of the revenue-steamer "Commodore Perry." 
 
 The recommendation made last year, of a new vessel for the south- 
 ern coast, to replace one worn-out and not adapted for the service, is 
 renewed. The amount of .$75,000, necessary for this purpose, has been 
 included in the estimates. 
 
 The recommendation of the last annual report and of those of several 
 of my predecessors in office, that Congress provide for the establishment 
 a retired list and the extension of the i)ension laws to the Eevenue 
 Marine, is renewed. 
 
 LIFE-SAVING SERVICE. 
 
 The operations of this useful service have been continued with success. 
 There were at tlic close of the fiscal year 190 stations in commission. 
 The whole number of disasters to documented vessels, reported by the 
 district officers to have occurred within the field of station operations, 
 is 286. The number of persons on board of these vessels was 2,208. 
 Of this nimiber, 2,256 Avere saved, and 12 only lost. There were 
 succored at the stations 450 shipwrecked persons, 1,344 days' relief in 
 the aggi-egate being afforded them. The estimated value of property 
 involved in these disasters was $4,757,802, of which $3,099,537 was 
 saved and $1,058,355 lost. The number of vessels totally lost was 67. 
 
 There have also been fifty-six instances of disaster to smaller craft, 
 as sail-boats, row-boats, &c., on which were 120 persons, all of whom 
 •were saved. The property involved in these disasters was $7,850, of 
 which $6,450 was saved and $1,400 lost. The aggregate is this: 
 
 Total number of disasters 342 
 
 Total value of property involved $4, 765, 742 
 
 Total value of property saved $3, 105, 987 
 
 Total value of property lost §1, 059, 755 
 
 Total number of persons on board 2, 394 
 
 Total number of persons saved 2, 382 
 
 Total number of persons lost 12 
 
 Total number of shipwrecked persons succored at stations. 450 
 
 Total number of days' succor aiibrded ; 1, 3.>4 
 
 Total number of vessels lost 67 
 
 Besides the persons saved from vessels, there were twenty-nine 
 rescued who had fallen from i)iers, wharves, &c., and who, without the 
 aid of the life-saving crews, would probably have been drowned. The 
 twelve persons lost during the year are shown, by tlie investigation 
 held ui)on each case, to have been beyond human aid. The loss of life is
 
 64 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 smaller than tliat of any preceding year, with one exception, although 
 there were forty-two more disasters than in any year before since the 
 organization of the service. When the number of disasters is consid- 
 ered, and it is remembered that the life-saving stations are located, by 
 selection, at the most fatal points of our dangerous coast, the small loss 
 of life and property is remarkable, and speaks well for the efficiency of 
 the service. It is claimed that the loss of life from marine disaster, 
 upon our coasts, since the general extension of the service thereon, in 
 1876, has been reduced nearly 75 per cent; that while in 1876, and 
 before that, one person out of twenty-nine on board wrecked vessels 
 was lost, there has been a constant decrease, until the loss is but one 
 out of every one hundred and thirteen ; and this result is almost entirely 
 attributable to the Life-Saving Service. 
 
 The service has never been in so good condition as at present. The 
 legislation of the last session of Congress has supplied its main wants, 
 and established the conditions for high utility, in its prime object of 
 saving life and its secondary ones of protecting commerce and aiding 
 the collection of the revenue. This legislation has already had a 
 marked effect upon the status of the establishment, and particularly 
 upon its morale. The provision for the ampler pay of the employes, 
 and for aid to those among them who may be disabled in the line 
 of duty, or, in case of fatality, to their ^vidows and orjihans, makes 
 them feel that their services are appreciated, and insures cheerful zeal 
 and fidelity in doing duty. It enables the Department to obtain, in 
 instances, better men than before. The crews are now of good capacity 
 and character. It is a rule, in forming the crews, that regard be had for 
 qualification, to the exclusion of i)olitical or other considerations. 
 Faithful adherence to this rule is a condition of the success of this 
 service. 
 
 Owing to the late date at which the appropriations passed Congress, 
 not much has been done in establishing the new stations authorized by 
 the act referred to. One has been built at Peaked Hill Bar, Cape Cod ; 
 and one at Muskeget Island, on the coast of Massachusetts, is nearing 
 completion. Three are in process of construction on the coast of North 
 Carolina. Sites have been selected for others, and in some instances 
 the titles secured. 
 
 THE LIGHT-HOUSE ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 During the fiscal year the Light- House Establishment has put into 
 operation eighteen new light-stations, eighty new river lights, five new 
 fog-signals operated by steam or liot air, three new automatic whistling- 
 buoys, one new bell-buoy, and ninety-three new buoys of th€ ordinary
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. G5 
 
 kind. It has discontinued two lifclits which are now no longer needed, 
 and has changed the characteristics of ten others, that they may be 
 more useful than heretofore. 
 
 The new light-house on Stannard's Eock, Lake Superior, was lighted 
 on the 4th of July. This work, which was specially difficult, is fully 
 described in the Api^endix to the Annual Eeport of the Light-House 
 Board. 
 
 The board refrained from making recommendation as to lighted 
 buoys until the results of the experiments made in foreign waters were 
 ascertained. These buoys have now proved to be such valuable and 
 comparatively inexpensive aids to navigation that they have l)een 
 adopted into several of the light-house systems of Europe. The board 
 has recently had occasion to place a lighted buoy to mark a wreck in 
 one of the channels leading into the port of ZS'ew York, which could be 
 successfully marked in no other manner. 
 
 The work of changing the burners of the lights in the several light- 
 house districtSL, so as to substitute mineral oil for lard oil as an illumi- 
 nant, is now so far completed that on the 1st of January next mineral 
 oil will be used in all except the light-houses of the tii'st order. 
 
 The appropriation made for erecting electric lights at Hell Gate will 
 enable the board to transfer its experiments with the electric light from 
 the laboratory to a light-house, where it can have a working test. 
 
 Attention is called to the board's annual report for further details 
 •with regard to the Light-House Service. 
 
 COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY. 
 
 The operations of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, both in the field 
 and in the office, have been steadily advanced. 
 
 Topographic and hydrographic surveys have been carried on on the 
 Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts. Aid has been given to the State 
 surveys in progress in nine interior States. 
 
 Data and material have been accumulated for additional volumes of 
 the Atlantic Coast Pilot, and for new editions of the Coast Pilots of 
 California, Oregon, Washington Territory, and of Alaska. Xew charts 
 and new editions of old charts have been published. The annual pub- 
 lication of tide-tables has been continued. 
 
 In the estimates for the prosecution of the survey is an item for the 
 construction of a steam-vessel specially adai)ted to the survey of the 
 coasts and navigable passages of the Territory of Alaska. The grow- 
 ing importance of that country and the needs of its commerce and 
 navigation recommend this proposition to the favorable action of Con- 
 gress. 
 
 5 Ab
 
 66 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 THE MARINE-HOSPITAL SERVICE. 
 
 During the year 36,184 patients received 333,475 days relief in hos- 
 pital. Transportation to their own homes was furnished to seven in- 
 curable patients. Fifteen seamen have been furnished treatment at 
 the Government Hospital for the Insane; 306 seamen were examined 
 physically as preliminary to shipping; 2,090 pilots were examined for 
 color-blindness; and 3,278 seamen were vaccinated, because of the 
 prevalence of small-pox. The receipts were $408,215.69, and the gross 
 expenditures $468,120.16. These expenditures include $54,192.20, 
 on account of extraordinary alterations and repairs to hospital build- 
 ings. Less this amount, $413,928.14 was the net expense of the ser- 
 vice. On July 1, there was an unexpended balance of $177,869.85, 
 $50,000 of which will be required for additional repairs then under 
 contract, and $15,000 more for contemplated alterations. Tlie hospitals 
 generally are in good condition. The recommendation heretofore made 
 for the establishment of a " snug harbor" for those sailors and boatmen 
 l^ermaueutly disabled, and that for the physical examination of all sea- 
 men before shipiDing are renewed. Of the 2,000 pilots examined for color- 
 blindness, sixty-three were rejected as being color-blind, while of the re- 
 maining 306, twenty-four were rejected for various disabilities. There 
 is now no complaint against the examination for color-blindness, and it 
 is believed that the Department would have no difficulty in carrying out"^ 
 the law for the general physical examination of all seamen. One hun- 
 dred and fifty-four deaths are reported of passengers on voyages from 
 foreign ports to this country. Keport thereof is the beginning of 
 statistics on the hygiene of merchant vessels, to meet the intention of 
 Congress in providing for the inspection of those vessels, to show 
 the relative mortality in classes of them. To complete them, the re- 
 ports should be kept up for years. 
 
 An epidemic of small-pox broke out on the Upper Missouri river, 
 where there was no local sanitary law, and the Department, being 
 called upon, made use of the customs force to suppress the disease. 
 
 In my judgment, the hospital-tax should not be reduced until seamen 
 request it, or until Congress shall make annual appropriations for the 
 support of the service. When the tax was but 20 cents per month, the 
 Department was obliged to deny relief to many suffering seamen ; now 
 relief is denied to few, if any, who are entitled to receive it. The en- 
 tire number of applicants rejected the last year was 979. These 
 were mostly in the larger cities, and were generally longshoremen 
 and fishermen, in many cases persons who were not sailors. The 
 number of persons rejected who had ever been sailors was small. The
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 67 
 
 service meets the necessities of tliose who are its leg^itimate benefici- 
 aries, and the tax was originally increased from 20 cents to 40 cents at 
 the request of those who are eligible to become such. 
 
 STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION SERVICE. 
 
 This table shows steam-vessels inspected, their tonnage, and the 
 officers licensed in the several divisions of navigation, during the fiscal 
 year ended June 30, 1882 : 
 
 Divisions. 
 
 Steamers. 
 
 Tonnage. 
 
 Officers 
 licensed. 
 
 Pacific coast. -- 
 Atlantic coast . 
 "Westoru rivers . 
 Kortliern lakes 
 Gulf coast 
 
 320 
 2, 332 
 
 944 
 1,175 
 
 356 
 
 121,403.91 
 
 587, 349. .37 
 
 197,729.60 
 
 293,709.64 
 
 73, 282. 11 
 
 1,253 
 8,276 
 4,805 
 4,199 
 1,929 
 
 Total. 
 
 5,117 1,278,564.63 
 
 20,467 
 
 It is an increase over the preceding year — 
 
 In number of vessels 338 
 
 In tonnage 74, 561. 53 
 
 In number of officers 2, GG9 
 
 Keceipts were — 
 
 From steam- vessels $177, 841 30 
 
 From licenses 102, 048 00 
 
 Total 279, 889 30 
 
 The expenses were — 
 
 Salaries of inspectors and clerks $189, 744 17 
 
 Travelling and miscellaneous expenses 37, 871 40 
 
 Total 227, 015 63 
 
 Unexpended 852, 273 07 
 
 Increase in receipts from inspection of steam-vessels over 
 
 1881 $10,212 09 
 
 Decrease in receipts from officers' licenses 37, 877 00 
 
 Net decrease for the year 27, 0(;4 91 
 
 The decrease in receipts from licensed officers is because of the 
 amendment of 1882 (April 5) to section 4458, Revised SUitutes. It 
 reduced the license fees from $10 and $5, according to grade, to fifty
 
 C8 REPORT OF TTTE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 CCJits ill all cases. It is likely that this amcnclment will bring the 
 yearly receipts below the exp.siiditures. There is, however, an aceumu- 
 lation ol" I'luids to the credit of this service of near three-quarters of a 
 million dollars. This will for some years meet any deficiency. Before 
 it is wholly used the service may become self-sustaining? by the in- 
 crease in the number of vesssels to be inspected and the fees collected 
 therefrom. The fees have , increased for several years about $G,000 
 yearly. 
 
 The number of accidents to steam- vessels during the year resulting 
 in loss of life was 41; from — . 
 
 Explosion 15 
 
 Fire 7 
 
 Collision 10 
 
 Snags, wi-ecks, and sinking 3 
 
 The number of lives lost by accidents from various causes during 
 the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, was 205; from— 
 
 Explosion 53 
 
 Fire GO 
 
 Collision 34 
 
 Snags, wrecks, and sinking 6 
 
 Miscellaneous casualties G 
 
 Accidental drowning • 46 
 
 A decrease from last year of sixty-three. Of the lives lost, fifty-six 
 are reported as those of passengers. The rest were employes of the 
 vessels, many losing their lives through carelessness, begot by famili- 
 arity with dangerous duties. It is estimated that there were carried 
 during the year 354,000,000 passengers. 
 
 nOIIGRATION. 
 
 The execution of the act to regulate immigration approved August 3, 
 1882, has disclosed certain defects in the statute which seem to require 
 legislative remedy. 
 
 While the act gives the Secretary of the Treasury supervision of the 
 business of immigration to this country, it enables him to exercise this 
 supervision only through commissioners appointed by the Governors of 
 States in which lie the ports at which immigrants laud. He is fiu'ther 
 to supervise the business only under the stipulations of contracts en- 
 tered into with such commissioners. Most of the collectors of customs 
 ha\'e informed the Department that the amount of immigration at their 
 respective ports is not such as to warrant the appointment of commis- 
 sioners. At two of the ports at which immigrants needing relief 
 are likely to arrive, namely, Baltimore and New Orleans, no commis-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Gd 
 
 sioners have been api)ointed by State authority, and hence tlie ]a\Y is 
 there inoperative. At the ports of Is ew York, Phihidelphia, and ]jOston 
 commissioners have been appointed, and the statute is in operation 
 more or less successfully. 
 
 In collecting the tax of fifty cents levied by the act on every 
 alien passenger, not a citizen of the United States, arriving by a sail or 
 steam-vessel from a foreign port, it is found that many of the pas- 
 sengers are tourists, many intending a temporary sojourn in this 
 country-, and many are minors. Under the construction put by this 
 Department on this provision of the statute, it has restricted the col- 
 lection of this tax to alien passengers seeking a permanent residence in 
 this country, including in that class minors contemplating a lasting home 
 here. Under this rule the sum collected at most of the ports has ex- 
 ceeded the demands for immigrant relief. At Xew York it has steadily 
 fallen behind these demands in an amount between four and five thou- 
 sand dollars per month. If the relief of immigrants is to be secured, 
 some provision is needed for a deficit of this character, inasmuch 
 as the particular sums collected can be expended only at the ports 
 where the immigrants arrive; and the disiDosition of the excess at some 
 l)orts should also be provided for. 
 
 It is respectfully suggested that the law is peculiarly framed, in this: 
 that while its execution is charged upon this IJe])artnient, yet this 
 Department must act through subordinates doing the practical work. 
 They are to be appointed by State authority, and that authority may 
 fail to appoint, and they may or may not be paid a proper renumera- 
 tion if appointed; and the rules and regulations which this Department 
 by direction of the statute is to establish are Virtually restricted by the 
 terms of the contracts into which it may be able to enter with the State 
 boards or commissioners. The law is, therefore, in its essential features 
 one of uncertain operation. The thorough execution of it needs the 
 existence of an administrative bureau, with its proper body of ofticials. 
 But there is no provision in the act for such bureau, no provision for 
 administrative ofQcers other than as above stated, and no provision 
 for the direct control of the business by this Department. 
 
 Under the provisions of section 4 of the act, it is provided that all 
 foreign convicts, except those convicted of political oftences, shall, upon 
 arrival, be sent back to the nations where they belong and whence 
 they came. This provision may give rise to complications with foreign 
 countries growing out of demands for the return of convicts. First: 
 if the treaty stipulations with a foreign country require the direct ret urn 
 of a convict belonging to that country to its accredited agents, this law
 
 70 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 might conflict with tlio treaty in requiring a return of the convict 
 by the master of the vessel in wliich the convict was a passenger, in- 
 stead of a dehvery of the convict to the agents of his country. Sec- 
 ondly : the law is itself ambiguous in its directions, as the country to 
 which the convict belongs may not be that whence he came. The De- 
 partment has endeavored to remove this difficulty by adopting in its 
 regulations promulgated on the 7th of August last the provisions for 
 the return of convicts embodied in section 5 of the " Act supj^lement- 
 ary to the acts in relation to immigration," approved March 3, 1875. 
 But the recent statute should be so amended as, on its face, to be free 
 from ambiguity. 
 
 NATIONAL BOARD OF HEALTH. 
 
 The report of the National Board of Health for the fiscal year ended 
 June 30, 1882, shows an expenditure of $98,523.07. 
 
 This expenditure has been made chiefly in aid of State and local 
 boards of health and of local quarantine stations, in preventing the 
 coming in of yellow fever and small-pox from foreign ports and the 
 spread of them by river and railroad. 
 
 The act of June 2, 1879, under which some of the operations of the 
 board are conducted, will expire by limitation on the 2d of June, 1883. 
 If it be deemed advisable to continue the work on which the board is 
 engaged, additional legislation will be necessary, and appropriations, 
 based upou the past experiences of the board, amounting to $150,000, 
 will be required, and $100,000 for use in case of epidemics. 
 
 The details of the work of the board, the results achieved, and the 
 appropriations required for its continuance are shown in the annual 
 report of the board, which is transmitted. 
 
 APPEOPRLATION FOR PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF EPIDE^nC DIS- 
 EASES. 
 
 One hundred thousand dollars were appropriated by Congress at its 
 last session, to be used, in the discretion of the President, Ibr prevent- 
 ing the spread of epidemic diseases. The expenditure was by him 
 committed to this Department, because it had ready the services of 
 trained members of the Marine-Hospital Service, of the Bevenue-ZMa- 
 rine Service, and the Customs Service. 
 
 The Governor of Texas applied for aid in checking the spread of yel- 
 low fever in that State. The Surgeon-General of the Marine-Hospital 
 Service was charged with the duty of rendering it. The trust was ful- 
 filled with judgment and zeal, and the spread of the fever checked.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 71 
 
 The system of cordons formed by him and his official coadjutors was 
 well conceived and useful. The result of their operations shows that 
 the management of such matters may well be confided to them. 
 
 ALASKA. 
 
 Early attention should be given to the establishment of civil gov- 
 ernment for Alaska Territory. The importance of that land is not, I 
 fear, full}' recognized. It is rich in timber and in the supplies which 
 the ocean gives ; and with the present rapid cutting down of the forest 
 on lands nearer market, and the ruthlessly wasteful modes of taking 
 fish on coasts and in rivers nearer at hand, it will too soon become the 
 resource of the country for those products of nature. 31oreover, the 
 extent and richness of useful mineral deposit and of precious metals 
 there are not yet fully known, though the indications are that they are 
 great. AVere civil government established, immigration and perma- 
 nent settlement would be encouraged and the way made ready for the 
 profitable use of the natural advantages which tliat region prollers. 
 There is no lawful authority in that Territory to dispense justice and act 
 upon conflicting claims, unless that assumed by customs officers may be 
 called such. There should be there, as elsewhere, the ready protection 
 of law, administered by officers and in ways, themselves lawful; and 
 then material and social development woulil go forward. The Treasury 
 Department should not be charged with the responsibility of administer- 
 ing the affairs of that Territory, except in so far as they come within 
 its legitimate functions ; dertainly not without some well-defined rule 
 of action. 
 
 The Alaska Commercial Company has taken during the past year 
 nearly the maximum number of seal-skins permitted uiuler its lease, 
 l)aid the tax due thereon, as well as the rent of the islands, and other- 
 wise performed its duties under its lease. 
 
 DISTINCTIVE PAPER. 
 
 There have been received and duly accounted for since the last re- 
 port 10,371,950 sheets of silk-threaded distinctive-libre {tajH-r for the 
 printing of United States notes, national-bank notes, gold and silver 
 certificates, registered bonds, checks, and other obligations of the 
 Government. The use of this paper continues to give satisfaction, 
 and it is believed furnishes an important defence against attempts at 
 counterfeiting. 
 
 During the same period there have been received 19,748,000 sheets 
 of the distinctive paper adopted for the printing of internal-revenue 
 and customs stamj^s.
 
 72 RKPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 COUNT, EXAMINATION, AND DESTRUCTION OF REDEEMED SECURITIES. 
 
 The United States legal-tender notes, national currency and 
 miscellaneous securities, received by this office during the fiscal year 
 ended June 30, 1882, for final count and destruction, amounted to 
 $ l()9,GG5,573.75i, and United States legal tender notes, national currency. 
 United States bonds, and other obligations mutilated in process of 
 printing, and unissued notes, received for destruction, amounted to 
 $40,841,104, making an aggregate of securities counted, cancelled, 
 and destroyed, of whicli details will be found in the tables accompany- 
 ing this report, of $210,50G,737.75J. 
 
 BUREAU OF ENGRAVING AND PRINTING. 
 
 The work of this bureau steadily increases. The aggregate deliv- 
 eries for the year are over twenty per cent, greater, the expenditures 
 for it less than twelve per cent, greater, and the force of employ 6s about 
 ten per cent, greater than the year before. All the engraving, plate- 
 printing, and work incidental thereto required by the Treasury De- 
 partment is now done in this bureau under the direct supervision of 
 the officers of the Government. 
 
 The matter of the use of steam-power presses for printing was on 
 July 10, 1882, referred to a special committee, who still have it in charge. 
 Owing to a pressure of work on the three per cent. l)onds and on the 
 new form of circulating notes for national banks which availed them- 
 selves of the act of August 12, 1882, the labors of the committee were 
 necessarily broken in upon, and they have not yet finished the task 
 set them to do. 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 Congress at its last session authorized the erection of thirty-seven 
 new buildings for public use, including four marine hospitals ; the pur- 
 chase of one hospital-building ; the extension and remodelling of the 
 custom-house at Buffalo, and that of the court-house and post-office at 
 Des Moines, Iowa. This contemplated an aggregate final cost of 
 $0,293,000 ; of whicli $3,258,000 were at once appropriated. Sites have 
 been selected for nine of these buildings, and a site for the building at 
 Jackson, Miss., for which appropriation was made at the previous ses- 
 sion. Steps have been taken for the selection of others, where juris- 
 diction over the land has been ceded by respective States. Where 
 this has not been done the Department awaits the action of Legisla- 
 tures.
 
 ■ REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 73 
 
 I call attention to a recommendation in the report of the Supervising 
 Architect, that the authority for purchasing land at Pensacola be not 
 limited to the extension of that now owned by the United States, and 
 that the Government may acquire a new site, if found advisable. 
 
 Of the buildings in jnogress under former authorizations, five have 
 been finished during the year, and on twenty work is in progress. 
 
 There has been exi^ended during the year on the public buihliugs 
 under control of the Department, $2,34:9,2-A9.G5 for construction, 
 $1G0,G18.03 for repairs, and 8137,137.00 for heatiug apparatus, ele- 
 vators, vaultSj safes, and locks. 
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 The net expenditures on account of the District of Columbia for the 
 fiscal year 1882 were 63,330,543.87. The revenues deposited in the 
 Treasury for the same period were $1,715,170.41. 
 
 Since December 1, 1881, the bonded indebtedness was reduced by 
 operation of the sinking-fund $250,350, and the annual interest charge 
 upon the District debt was reduced $13,795.05. Since the office of the 
 commissioners of the sinking-fund of the District of Columbia was abol- 
 ished and their duties and powers were transferred to the Treasurer of 
 the United States by the act of Congress of June 11, 1878, the funded 
 debt has been reduced in the principal sum $1,189,250, and the annual 
 interest charge thereon has been reduced $09,587.07. 
 
 The several re])orts of the heads of offices and bureaus are herewith 
 respectfully transmitted. 
 
 The Department is pleased to report that as yet there is no deficiency 
 in the ajipropriations placed by Congress at its disposal. 
 
 CHAS. J. FOLGER, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 To the Honorable 
 
 The Speaker of the House of Representatives.
 
 74 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 
 
 TABLES ACCOMPANYING THE REPORT. 
 
 TABLi: A.— STATEMENT 0/ the NET ItECEfPTS (by warmnts) during the fiscal 
 
 year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 CUSTOMS. 
 
 Suartrr omlod Sept«ml}er 30. 1881 $.",9,184,409 15 
 uiiiUu' niil.'d ])(wenil)er31, 18«1 49,049,54.'! 98 
 
 tiuarter (■ndcil :M:inli ;!l, 1882 .'■)8, 585, 485 :i:j 
 
 Quaitoremlcd Juiio30, 1882 53,591,231 79 
 
 $220, 410, 730 25 
 
 SALES OF PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 Quarter ondca September 30, 1881 948,303 19 
 
 Quarter eiKk^l Decfiiiber 31, 1881 1, Lot, 120 39 
 
 Quarter wkUmI ilarcli 31, 1882 1,241,287 44 , 
 
 Quarter ended Juno 30, 1882 1,409,304 35 
 
 4, 753, 140 37 
 
 INTEKNAL EEVENUE. 
 
 Quarter ended September 30, 1881 .37,575,502 22 
 
 Quarterended l)eceml)er 31, 1881 37,884,202 83 
 
 Quarter ended :March 31, 1882 30,362,131 93 
 
 Quarter ended Juno 30, 1882 40,075,098 47 
 
 146, 497, 595 45 
 
 • TAX ON .CIRCULATION, DEPOSITS, ETC., OF NATIONAL BANKS. 
 
 .Quarter eurled September 30, 1881 4,307,988 80 
 
 Quarterended December 31, 1881 12,610 82 
 
 Quarterended March 31, 1882 4,563,707 87 
 
 Quarter ended June 30, 1882 72,486 90 
 
 8, 956, 794 45 
 
 EEPATMENT OF INTEREST BY PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANIES. 
 
 Quarterended September 30, 1881 59,999 49 
 
 Quaitcr ended December 31, 1881 221,700 50 
 
 Quarter ended March 31, 1882 225,578 03 
 
 Quarter ended June 30, 1882 333,216 35 
 
 840, 554 37 
 
 CUSTOMS FEES, FINES, PENALTIES, AND FORFEITURES. 
 
 Quarter ended September 30, 1881 329,322 89 
 
 Quarter ended December 31, 1881 301,200 89 
 
 Quarter eiidud March 31, 1882 351,505 65 
 
 Quartoreudcd Juuo30, 1882 301,312 57 
 
 1, 343, 348 00 
 
 FEES, CONSULAR, LETTERS PATENT, AND LAND. 
 
 Quarter ended September 30, 1881 039,180 08 
 
 Quarter ended December 31, 1881 5S7, 405 92 
 
 Quarter ended March 31, 1882 657,863 93 
 
 Quarter ended June 30, 1882 804,541 04 
 
 2, 038, 990 97 
 
 PROCEEDS OF SALES OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY. 
 
 Quarterended September 30, 1881 06.303 58 
 
 Quarter ended December 31, 1881 88,862 96 
 
 Quarter ended March 31, 1882 79,870 17 
 
 Quarter ended June 30, 1882 79,803 14 
 
 314, 959 85 
 
 PROFITS ON COINAGE. 
 
 Quarter ended September 30, 1881 809,317 80 
 
 Quarter ended December 31, 1881 8.59,156 26 
 
 Quarter cniled March 31,1882 1, .''.61, 089 03 
 
 Quarter ended Juno 30, 1882 887,130 04 
 
 4, 116, 603 73 
 
 REVENUES OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 Quarterended September 30, 1R81 158,443 95 
 
 Quarterended Deeeml)er 31, 1881 1,078,281 41 
 
 Quart.r ended March 31, 1882 209,822 06 
 
 Quarter ended June 30, 1882 208,020 99 
 
 1, 71.5, 176 41 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Quarterended September 30, 1881 4,009,590 15 
 
 Quarterended December 31, 1881 1,381,047 97 
 
 Quarterended March 31, 1882 1, ]8:i, 588 09 
 
 Quarter ended June 30, 1882 5,08.3,144 32 
 
 11,057,377 13 
 
 Total ordinary receipts 403,52.5,250 23 
 
 Cash in Treasury June 30, 1881 252,500,023 46 
 
 Total 656,031,273 74
 
 EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREAgURY. 
 
 75 
 
 TABIi£ U.—STATEMJSXT of the NET DISBURSEMEXTS {by icarranta) during 
 the fiscal year ended June 30, li!82. 
 
 CIVIL. 
 
 Conjrress $5, 5<12, 982 10 
 
 jKxecntive 7, 252, K22 05 
 
 Judiciary 3, 5:itj, 857 39 
 
 Government of Territories : 213, 338 70 
 
 Sabtreasuiies 350,185 47 
 
 Public land ortices 732,370 37 
 
 Inspection of steam vessels 228, 371 46 
 
 Miutaud assay oUices 1p5, 458 US 
 
 Total civil $18, 042, 386 42 
 
 FOREIGX IXTERCOUESE. 
 
 Diplomatic snLiries 348, 215 70 
 
 Consular salaiins 491,895 87 
 
 Continjrt-ncies of consulates 147, -iOfl 14 
 
 Kescuins American scaineu from shipwreck 2,467 59 
 
 American and Spanisli Claims Coramissiou 7,924 96 
 
 Contingent expeiiiios of foreign missions 105,479 21 
 
 Shipping and discharging seamen 5, 513 50 
 
 Prisons for American convicts 2o, 110 63 
 
 Expenses under the neutrality act .' 2, 100 00 
 
 American and French Commission Ill, 627 10 
 
 International Bimetallic Commission 19, C04 40 
 
 .Publication of commercial and consular reports 18, 033 22 
 
 Contingent and miscellaneous 20, 541 88 
 
 Total foreign intercourse 1,307,583 19 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Mint establishment .' 1,200,752 37 
 
 Coast Survey 538,863 09 
 
 Lifrht-IIonse Establishment 1,776,420 02 
 
 Building and repairs of light-houses 615,720 50 
 
 Refunding excess of deposits for unascertained duties 3, 680,845 77 
 
 Ke venue-cutter service 846, 423 34 
 
 Life-saving service 598, 624 59 
 
 Custom-houses, court-houses, post-offices, &c 2,399,100 29 
 
 Furniture, fuel, &;c., for public buildings under Treasury Department. . 817, 811 13 
 
 Pepairs and preservation of buildings under Treasury Department . . .. 220, 658 33 
 
 Collecting customs revenue 6, 549, 595 07 
 
 Debenture and drawbacks under customs laws 2,093,086 73 
 
 Marine-IIoapital ICstaUlisbiiieut 408,120 16 
 
 Conip<'ii8atiiiu in lieu of iniiietic* 3t), 628 83 
 
 Assessing ,ind collecting internal revenue 4,097,241 34 
 
 Punishing violations of interualrevenuo laws 54, 530 16 
 
 Internal-revenue stamps, paijcrs, and dies 540, 608 27 
 
 Kofuuding duties erroneously or illegally collected 59, 824 58 
 
 Internal-revenue allowances and drawbacks 49, 770 90 
 
 Kedemption of internalrevcnuo stamps 25, 565 91 
 
 Expenses national currency 123, 925 01 
 
 Suppressing counterfeiting and fraud 84, 894 10 
 
 Contingent expenses, Independent Treasury 90,044 26 
 
 Survey of public lands 314,701 01 
 
 Five per cent, fund, Sec, to States 87,035 39 
 
 Postage 171,3.">8 40 
 
 "Vaults, safes, and locks for public buildings f»6, 170 76 
 
 Indemnity for swamp lands 1 126, 077 50 
 
 Building revenue cutters 01, 005 87 
 
 Pronagation, &.C., of food-fishes 2U3, 103 19 
 
 Geological survey of Territories 1 r^'). 546 1 .5 
 
 Deposits by individuals for surveys of public lands 1, 38.'i, 201 24 
 
 National Board of Health ." 109,900 00 
 
 Expenses of Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Census GOt, 841 65 
 
 P.'brriient of. judgments. Court of Claims 590, 051 31 
 
 Mail ti-ans]>ortation. Pacitic Itailroads 544,786 83 
 
 Department of Agriculture 240, 807 41 
 
 I'atent Ollico ISO. 720 21 
 
 Expi uses of Bureau of Engraving and Printing 3Vt, ,i«o7 00 
 
 Smitlisoni:m Inst it ul inn 129,208 04 
 
 Coniiilttion of the Wa.shingfon T^fonument lOo, iioo 00 
 
 Pulili<' liuildings and grounds in Washington 315, 705 .55 
 
 Annual repairs of the Capitol 61,957 20 
 
 Improving and lighting Capitcd giounils 94,770 05 
 
 State, AVar, and Navv Departments building 320,988 09 
 
 Columbian Institute for Deaf and Dumb 01, 742 07 
 
 GovemnMUt nosjiital fur the Ins.me KM, 999 93 
 
 rreedman".« Ilosjiilal 41,774 00 
 
 How:ivd L^uiversiiy 10,000 00 
 
 Sui>p.)n and treatment of tran.sient paupers 15, oimi oO 
 
 Itedi n)])tion of District of Columbia securities 1, 137 20 
 
 Refunding taxes. District of Columbia 4.0.54 06 
 
 AVater fund. District of Columbia 105, 030 08 
 
 Spec ial tax fund 13, 700 06 
 
 Expenses of District of Columbia 3, 14 », 210 29 
 
 Washington Aqueduct 19,018 94
 
 76 
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 TABfvi: 11. -STATEMENT of the NET DISBURSEMENTS {by wairantu) during 
 the fiscal year ended June HO, 1B82 — Continued. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS— Continued. 
 
 Ch.intahlc, inslitnlions $lf:0, 708 04 
 
 Doprcdalions on jmblio tinibor 12, 147 04 
 
 Puniituie, &c., National MuHCum V\^, 871 05 
 
 PurcliaHo Fi'cedmous' Uank 2.')(), 000 00 
 
 MiaccUauoous 4r)2, .110 77 
 
 Total miscoUanoous $37,869,781 37 
 
 INTERIOK DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Indians 9,7.30,717 dO 
 
 Pensions 01,315, 193 y.'j 
 
 Total Interior Department 71,081,941 35 
 
 MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 PayDopartmrnt 12, 3Si,249 31 
 
 (^oniniiHuai-y Department 2, 2.'57, 374 92 
 
 Qiiartennastcr's Department 11,554,898 2(5 
 
 Medi<al Department 395,041 .'(3 
 
 Oidnanco Department 1,644, 110 71 
 
 Militaiy Academy 95, 750 36 
 
 Improving n vers" and harbors 11,412, 921 39 
 
 Sui-vey of Territories west of the one hundredth meridian 7, 500 00 
 
 ContiiJKencies '. 29,482 .57 
 
 Expenses of recruiting 94 2!)U 03 
 
 SifTual Service 385,389 40 
 
 Exjienses of military convicts 08, 870 97 
 
 Publishinc the oftieial records of the rebellion 09,490 00 
 
 Support of National Home for Disabled Volunteers 940,475 01 
 
 Support of SoldiciH' Hoiiie 70,071 20 
 
 Construction of military posts, roads, &c 243,024 92 
 
 Eortifications 221,441 90 
 
 National cemeteries 211, CU C5 
 
 Fifty per cent, anears of Army transportation duo certain railroads. .. 178, 179 18 
 
 Construction of militarv t^ilesraphs 74,756 39 
 
 Bounty to soldiens, act July 28, 1806 03,518 50 
 
 Survey of Northern and Northwestern lakes 17, 051 00 
 
 Bounty to volunteers 249, 975 46 
 
 Mi-isis'sippi River Commission 13.5,000 00 
 
 Supplies 5o sufferers by the overflow of the Mississippi River 30.5, 278 35 
 
 Claims for quartermasters' aud commissary supplies 270, 4J7 54 
 
 Operatiiir; and care of Louisville and Portland Canal 44,502 91 
 
 Miscellaneous 89,401 01 
 
 Total military establishmen t 43, 570, 494 19 
 
 NAVAL ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 Pay and contingencies of the Navy 7,779, 035 45 
 
 Marine Coriis 852, 470 itO 
 
 Naval Academy 213. 272 78 
 
 Navigation 238, 321 48 
 
 Ordnance 297,085 41 
 
 Equipment and Recruitinji 901, 332 24 
 
 Yards and Docks 1,119,770 98 
 
 Medicine and Surgery 177, 492 72 
 
 Constniction and Rejiair 1, 450, 301 79 
 
 Provisiims and Clothing 1,207, 020 SO 
 
 Steam Engmeeiing ...1... 870, 748 50 
 
 15,228.113 05 
 Deduct excess of repayments over expenditures 190,006 79 
 
 Total naval establishment 15,032,046 26 
 
 Interest on the public debt 71, 07T, 2ijii 79 
 
 Totiil net ordinary expenditures 257.981,439 .57 
 
 Redemption of the pu biic debt 150, 700, 575 56 
 
 Total expenditures 4(>8, 682, 01 5 12 
 
 Cash in Treasury June 30, 1882 247, 349, 258 62 
 
 Total 656,031,273 74
 
 JIEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 77 
 
 TABLE C—STATEMEXT of the ISSUE and REDEMPTION of LOASS and 
 
 TUEASURY NOTES {oy warrants) for the fiscal yiar ended June 30, 18s2. 
 
 Issues. 
 
 Bedemptions. 
 
 Excess of 
 issued. 
 
 Excess of 
 redemptions. 
 
 Loan of 1858, act of Jnne 14, 1858 . ... 
 
 Loau of February, ISGl, act of Feb- 
 ruary 8, 1801 . . ■ 
 
 Orogon war debt, act of March 2, 18G1. 
 
 Loau of July and August, 1S61, acts 
 of July 17 and Au<,Ti8t 5, ISGl 
 
 Old demand notes, acts of July 17 and 
 Auuust 5, 1861, and July IL', 1802... 
 
 Five-twenties ot 1862, act of Febru- 
 ary 25. 1802 
 
 Lejral-tender notes, acts of February 
 25 and July 11, 1802, January 7 and 
 March 3, 1863 
 
 Fractional currency, acts of July 17, 
 1802, March 3, 1803, and Juno 30, 
 18&4. 
 
 $79,520,424 00 
 
 Coin certificates, art of March 3, 1863. 
 One-year notes of 1803, act of March 
 
 3, 1803 
 
 Two-year notes of 1863, act of March 
 
 3,1863 
 
 Compound interest notes, acts of 
 
 March 3. 1803, and June 30, 1864 ... . 
 Loan of 1803. act of March 3, 1863, and 
 
 J une 30, 1864 
 
 Ten-forties of 1804, act of March 3, 
 
 1804. 
 
 Fi%e-twentipa of Jnne, 1864, act of 
 June 30, 1864 
 
 Seven-thirties of 1804 and 1865, arts 
 of June 30, 1804, and March 3. 1865. 
 
 Five-twenties of 1805, act of M;uch 
 3, 1805 
 
 Consuls of 1865, act of March 3, 1865.. 
 
 Consols of 1807, act of March 3, 1865. . 
 
 Consols of 1M)8, act of March 3, 1805.. 
 
 Fumlcd loan of ISSl.ncts <if July 14, 
 1870. January 20, 1871, and January 
 14, 1875 
 
 Fuudcd loan of 1907, acts of July 14, 
 1870, Jiuiuary 20, 1871, and January 
 14,1875 
 
 Certificates of deposit, act of June 8, 
 1«72 
 
 Silver certificates, act of February 
 28,1878 
 
 Befunding certificates, act of Febru- 
 ary 20, 1879 
 
 Total 
 
 Excess of redemptions. 
 Excess of issues 
 
 Net excess of redemptions charged 
 in receipts and expt-nditures 
 
 225, 300 00 
 16, 900, 000 CO 
 24, 300, 000 00 
 
 $1, 000 00 
 
 30,3,000 00 
 675, 250 00 ; 
 I 
 117, 787, 900 00 
 
 840 00 
 
 2, 100 00 
 
 79, 520, 424 00 
 
 58. 705 55 
 745, 800 00 
 
 2, 470 00 
 
 2, 550 00 
 9, 290 00 
 
 7, 110, 750 00 
 
 254, 550 00 
 
 7, 400 00 
 
 3, 200 00 
 
 6, 5P0 00 
 
 86, 450 00 
 
 408,250 00 
 
 141,400 00 
 
 39,419,900 00 
 
 15, 505, 000 00 
 
 9, 369, 820 00 
 
 223, 750 00 
 
 $1, 000 00 
 
 303, 000 00 
 C75, 25U UU 
 
 , 787, 900 00 
 
 840 00 
 
 2, 100 00 
 
 58, 705 55 
 745, 800 00 
 
 2, 470 00 
 2,550 00 
 9, 290 00 
 
 7, 110, 750 00 
 
 254, 550 00 
 
 7, 400 CO 
 
 3, 200 00 
 
 C. 500 00 
 
 86, 450 00 
 
 408, 250 00 
 
 141,400 00 
 
 39,419,900 00 
 
 $225, 300 00 
 
 1, 395, 000 00 
 
 14, 930, 180 00 
 
 223, 750 00 
 
 120, 945, 724 00 
 
 271, 646, 299 55 16, 550, 480 00 I 167, 251, 055 55 
 
 167, 251, 055 .'.5 
 16, 550, 480 0') 
 
 150, 70O, 575 55
 
 78 
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 TABLE H.— STATEMENT of the NET RECEIPTS and DTSBUESEMENTS (hy 
 
 warranta) for the quarter ended September 3l>, 1882. 
 
 KECEirTS. 
 
 Customs $64,008,875 71 
 
 Salrs of public lamia 1, 18.-.,Gir2 97 
 
 liitwnal revonue 37,700,804 58 
 
 Tii\ on ciiculiilion, (IppoKita, Ac, of national banks 4, 49'J, 426 39 
 
 JIcliMyuioutofintrirrst. by I'aritic Kailroiid Companies 65,774 62 
 
 Ciish'iiiis' fiM^s, lines, pciKi II iiH, and forfeitures 4'J'J, 140 09 
 
 Consular, Ictti'rs patent, liomesteatl, &.C., foes 822,842 49 
 
 Proceeds of sales of covonimeut property IKJ, 995 05 
 
 Prolitsou coinage, &c 1,040,119 'M 
 
 Miscellaneous 1,978,004 53 
 
 Total net ordinary receipts 112,790,600 72 
 
 Balance in the Treasury June 30, 1882 247,349,258 02 
 
 Total 300,139,865 34 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS. 
 
 Customs 5, 78S,227 38 
 
 Internal revenue 1, 443, 129 47 
 
 Diplomatic service , 440, 101 46 
 
 Quarterly salaries 100,410 75 
 
 Treasury proper 6, 716, 737 10 
 
 Judiciary 1,072,147 14 
 
 Interior (civil) 2,070,805 06 
 
 Total civil and miscellaneous 17,640,618 36 
 
 Indians 2,633,778 88 
 
 Pensions 23,397,244 51 
 
 Military Establishment 14,181,028 69 
 
 Naval Establishment. 3,571,431 S3 
 
 Interest on public debt 17,219,240 19 
 
 78, 643, 348 46 
 
 Redemption of tbe public debt 40,000,789 60 
 
 Balauceiu Treasury, September 30, 1882 241,399,728 48 
 
 Total 360,139,865 94 
 
 STATEMENT of the PUBLIC DEBT, ineludvifj ACCRUED INTEREST thereon, less 
 cash in the Treasuri/ on the 1st day of Juhi of each year, from 1869 to 1862, comjnlcd from 
 the puhlished monthly deht-siatements of those dates. 
 
 Tears. 
 
 Outstanding prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 Accrued inter- 
 est. 
 
 Cash in the 
 Treasury. 
 
 Debt less cash in 
 the Treasury. 
 
 July 1 1SG9 
 
 *$2, 597, 722, 983 37 
 *2, 601,675, 127 83 
 2,353,211,332 32 
 2, 253, 251, 328 78 
 2, 234, 482, 993 20 
 2, 251, 690, 468 43 
 2, 232, 284, 531 95 
 2, 180, 395, 067 15 
 2,20.5,301,392 10 
 2, 256, 20.5, 892 53 
 2, 349, 567, 482 04 
 2, 120, 415, 370 63 
 2, 069, 013, 569 58 
 1,918,312,904 03 
 
 $47,447,310 79 
 50, 607, 556 52 
 45, 036, 766 23 
 
 41, 70.5, 813 27 
 
 42, 356, 652 82 
 38, 939, 087 47 
 38,647,5.56 19 
 38, 514, 004 £4 
 40, 882, 791 89 
 36, 404, 551 37 
 30, 792, 351 34 
 22, 845, .547 59 
 20, 948, 657 75 
 13, 890, 986, 47 
 
 $156,167,813 58 
 265, 924, 084 61 
 106,217,263 65 
 103, 470, 798 43 
 129, 020, 932 45 
 147, 541, 314 74 
 142, 243, 361 82 
 119,469,726 70 
 186, 025, 960 73 
 256,823,612 08 
 353,152,577 01 
 201, 088, 622 88 
 249,363,415 35 
 243, 289, 519 78 
 
 $2 489 002 480 58 
 
 ISTO 
 
 2, 386, 358, 599 74 
 2,292,030 834 90 
 
 1871 
 
 1872, 
 
 2,191,486,343 62 
 2, 147, 818, 713 57 
 2, 143, 088, 241 16 
 2, 128, 088 726 32 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 2, Onu, 439, 344 99 
 2,060, 1.58,223 26 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 2,035,786,831 82 
 
 1879 
 
 2, 027, 207 256 37 
 
 1880 
 
 1,942,172,295 34 
 
 1881 
 
 1, 840, 598, 811 98 
 
 1882 
 
 1, 688, 914, 460 72 
 
 
 * It will be noticed that there is a difference in the .amounts represented by these two statements as 
 the iiri;>nipal of the d(d)t July 1, 1869, and July 1, 1870. This difference is explained thus: In i he prin- 
 ripal of the debt as shown by the monthly debt-Statements of these dates, the bonds purchased for the 
 sin'Kiuu-l'und and paid for from money in the Treasury, were included as a part of the outstaudiu}; debt 
 and were also treated in the cash as a cash item, or asset, for the n-asou that at that time there was no 
 nutlioiitv or law for deducting them from the outstanding debt. Congiess, bj' the sixth section of tlie 
 act of .Julv 14, 1870, directed that these bonds should be canceled and d» stroyed and deducted from the 
 amount of each class of the outstandius debt to which they respectively belonged, and such dctluctioiis 
 Wert actordinj;ly made on the books of the department and in the table of the debt iu the aunucd repoi t.
 
 PAPERS 
 
 ACCOMPANYING 
 
 THE REPORT OF SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 IlEPORT OF THE CO:\rMISSrONER OF INTEPtNAL REVEXIJE. 
 
 Treasury Depart:ment, 
 Office of Internal Revenue, 
 
 Washington^ November 25, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I Lave the honor to submit the annual report of the Commis- 
 sioner of Internal Revenue for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, with 
 additional information relative to the operations of tlic Bureau during 
 the months of July, August, September, and October of tlie present 
 fiscal year, and accompanied by an appendix* of tabular statements as 
 follows: 
 
 Table A, sho\<'ing the receipts from each specific source of revenue, 
 excei)t adhesive stamps, and the amounts refunded in each collection 
 district. State, and Territory of the United States, for the fiscal year 
 ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 Table B, showing the number and value of internal-rpvenue stamps 
 ordered monthly by the Commissioner and from the ofiice of the Com- 
 missioner; the receipts from the sale of stamps and the commissions 
 allowed thereon; also the number and value of stam])s for special taxes, 
 tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, snufl", distilled spirits, and fermented liquors, 
 issued monthly to collectors during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 Table C, showing the ])ercentages of recei[)tsfrom the several general 
 sources of revenue in each State and Territory of the United States to 
 the aggregate receipts from the same sources, by fiscal years, from Julv 
 1, 18G3, to June 30, 1882. 
 
 Table D, showing the aggregate receipts from all sources in each 
 collection district, State, and Territory of the United States, by fiscal 
 years, from September 1, 1862, to June 30, 1882. 
 
 Table E, showing the receipts in the United States from each specific 
 source of revenue, by fiscal years, from September 1, 1802, to June 30, 
 1882. 
 
 Table F, showing the ratio of receipts in the United States from spe- 
 cific sources of revenue to the aggregate receipts from all sources, by 
 fiscal years, from July 1, 1803, to June 30, 1882. 
 
 Table G, showing the returns of distilled spirits, fermented liquors, 
 manufactured tobacco, snufl", cigars, and cigarettes, under the several 
 acts of legislation and by fiscal years, from Sei)tember 1, 1802, to June 
 30, 1882. 
 
 Table H, showing the receipts from special taxes in each collection 
 district. State, and Territory for the s])ecial-tax year ended April 30, 1882. 
 
 Table I. Abstract of reports of district attorneys concerning suits and 
 jirosecutions under the internal-revenue laws during the liscal vear ended 
 June 30, 1882. 
 
 Table K. Abstract of seizures of property for violation of internal- 
 revenue laws during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 * The appoudix here referred to is omitted from thie Tolume for want of space, but it will be foimd 
 in tlio bound volumes of Iho Commissioner's report, 
 
 79
 
 80 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 REDUCTION OF TAXATION. 
 
 The receipts from in torn aire venue taxation have year by year in- 
 creased, from ir^llSjOOOjOOO in the fiscal year 1879, to $124,000,000 in 1880, 
 to $13r),00(),U()0 in 1881, and to $140,500,000 (in round figures) in the fis- 
 cal year last ended. There will probably be some diminution in the re- 
 ceipts for the present fiscal year as compared with last year, but it is 
 not likely that the collections of internal revenue for the current year 
 will fall below $145,000,000 should the taxes now iini)Osed be retained. 
 
 It is an old and sound maxim that no more revenue should be raised 
 than is necessary for an economical administration of the government 
 and a gradual reduction of the public debt. Although taxation may be 
 so wisely adjusted as not to operate as a severe burden upon the people, 
 when the amount collected is beyond the actual needs of the govern- 
 ment there is presented a constant temptation to extravagance in ap- 
 propriations. Another consideration attending the existing overflowing 
 condition of the public Treasury cannot have failed to attract your 
 notice. If the present rate of paying the principal of the public debt be 
 continued, all the bonds subject to call will be paid within three years; 
 after which time the government will be compelled, in order to dispose 
 of its surplus revenue, to buy in open market the 4 J per cent, bonds 
 which fall due in 1891, or the 4 per cent, bonds which fall due in 1007. 
 Should the government thus become an active purchaser of these bonds 
 before maturity it seems clear that they would advance in price to 25 
 or 30 per cent, premium, to pay which would certainly be regarded as 
 a waste of the people's money. It seems to me judicious that the prin- 
 cipal of the public debt should be extinguished, as was originally con- 
 templated, only at the rate necessary to meet the requirements of the 
 sinking fund, viz, to the extent of about $55,000,000 per annum. There- 
 fore, it becomes obvious that a reduction of from seventy to eighty mill- 
 ions in the annual revenues of the country could be safely entered upon, 
 and in my judgment such a reduction is urgently called for. I respect- 
 fully ofl'er some suggestions for your consideration in this regard. 
 
 Sound policy would seem to require that in remitting taxation the 
 relief should fall as far as possible upon those articles which are neces- 
 saries of life, and upon those interests which are of pressing impor- 
 tance to the country. The great bulk of internal-revenue taxation is de- 
 rived from distilled spirits (about nine-tenths of which are used as a 
 beverage), malt hquors, tobacco, and cigars. These are not articles of 
 necessary consumption, but are articles of luxury, the taxes upon which 
 are really paid by the consumers, and no one need consume them. I am 
 strongly of the opinion that, so long as the principle of deriving part 
 of the revenue of the government from internal taxation is retained, 
 these articles, and the dealers therein, are proper subjects for taxation. 
 There is no demand on the part of consumers of these products for the 
 remission of the taxes imposed upon them ; there is no public senti- 
 ment calling for their repeal ; on the contrary, the general current of 
 public opinion seems to be in favor of their retention. 
 
 The other objects of internal-revenue taxation, with the amounts 
 realized therefrom during the past fiscal year, are as follows : 
 
 Friction matclies §3,272,258 00 
 
 Patent medicines, perfumery, &c 1,978, 395 56 
 
 Bank chocks 2,318,455 14 
 
 Bank deposits 4,007,701 98 
 
 Savings-bank deposits 88,400 47 
 
 Bank capital 1,138,340 87 
 
 Savings-bank capital 14,729 38 
 
 Total.. 12,818,281 40
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 81 
 
 Add to these items the taxes collected by the Treasurer of the United 
 States from national banks, as follows : 
 
 National banks (deposits) $5,521,927 47 
 
 National banks (capital) 437,774 90 
 
 Makes a total derived from these sources of 18,777,983 77 
 
 As suggested in my report for 1880, these taxes should, in my opinion, 
 be repealed. The tax on friction matches is more or less felt in every 
 household. The tax on savings-bank deposits is a tax on thrift. The 
 tax on patent medicines, perfumeries, and cosmetics is vexatious, being 
 levied upon innumerable articles. The taxes on bank capital, bank de- 
 posits, and bank checks are not needed for purposes of rievenue, and 
 can therefore be dispensed with, and the latter tax is largely amenable 
 to the objection made to the tax on deposits in savings banks — that it 
 is an impost laid upon the practice of economy, which it shoidd be the 
 design of all good governments to encourage. 
 
 The repeal of these taxes would greatly simplify the internal-revenue 
 system. Then, if to the eighteen and three-quarter millions of reduc- 
 tion thus proposed Congress should add a reduction in the charges for 
 special taxes to dealers in articles taxed for internal revenue substantially 
 as proposed in the bill nowpending before the Senate, a still farther dimi- 
 nution of taxation would be attained, and the supervision over dealers in 
 taxable articles, which experience has shown to be necessary in order to 
 fully and fairly collect the taxes from all alike, would still be preserved. 
 Keducing all these special taxes 40 per cent., the remissions under 
 this head would be as follows, on the basis of last year's collections : 
 
 Special-tax payers. 
 
 Present, 
 rates. 
 
 Proposed Annual re- 
 rates, duction. 
 
 Kcctiflers : 
 
 First ci.iss 
 
 Second clasa 
 
 Wholosalo liqaor dealers 
 
 Retail liqnoi dealers 
 
 Manufacturers of stills 
 
 Stills or worms mattufactured 
 
 Brewers : 
 
 ri»st class 
 
 Second class 
 
 Wholoflale dealers in malt liquors 
 
 KetuU dealers in malt liquors 
 
 Manufacturers of cigars 
 
 Manufacturers of tobacco 
 
 Dealers in loaf tobacco 
 
 Dealers in leaf tobacco not over 25,000 poiinds. 
 
 Dealers in manufactured tobacco 
 
 Peddlers of tobacco : 
 
 First class 
 
 Second class 
 
 Third class 
 
 Fourth class 
 
 $200 
 100 
 100 
 25 
 50 
 20 
 
 100 
 ."iO 
 50 
 20 
 10 
 10 
 25 
 5 
 5 
 
 50 
 25 
 15 
 10 
 
 $70, 665 
 
 169,629 
 
 1, 667. 703 
 
 586 
 
 2,043 
 
 76,852 
 
 43,724 
 64,044 
 55, 975 
 
 3.483 
 30,388 
 
 3,705 
 789, 386 
 
 Total. 
 
 3, 007, 905 
 
 The act of March 1, 1870, reduced the tax on tobacco from 24 cents 
 per pound to 10 cents per pound, but did not reduce the tax on cigars 
 and cigarettes. A corresponding redu(;ti<)n on cigars would be to ■'?4 
 per thousand, and on cigarettes to $1.20 jxt thousand. This, I think, 
 should be done, and would amount to a reduction of taxes of $(),74G,0()0. 
 
 This would make a total reduction of internal-revenue taxes (includ- 
 ing the taxes on national banks) as follows : 
 
 Matches, medicines, perfumery, and banks §lfl,777,9'"'3 77 
 
 Special taxes ;{, 007,90") 00 
 
 Cigars and cigarettes G, 74t), 000 00 
 
 2^?531.8cd 77 
 
 Total... 
 C Ab
 
 82 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 While it is undoubtedly deemed advisable by many that there should 
 be a revision of the tariff, it is unquestionably the case that it is not 
 possible to foresee the effect which a reduction of the rate of duties on 
 many of the great lines of importation would have upon the receipts 
 from customs. It is contended that a reduction of duty upon many ar- 
 ticles would so increase the importation of them as to yield an actual 
 increase of revenue. The demand of the hour is for legislation that will 
 reduce the receipts of the government, I venture to suggest whether 
 it is not desirable to consider the practicability of taking the duty off 
 sugar. About 2,200,000,000 pounds of sugar are annually consumed in 
 the United States, 10 per cent, of which is produce<l in this country. 
 Upon the 2,000,000,000 pounds imported, the government realizes a 
 revenue of $49,000,000. Sugar is one of the necessaries of life ; it is 
 consumed in every household. Should this duty be removed, there 
 would be not only a certain and large reduction of revenue, but the 
 benefit of that reduction would immediately inure to the people. The 
 best refined sugar, which now sells at 10 cents a pound retail, could be 
 sold at seven cents if the duty were removed, and the total reduction 
 would amount to very nearly one dollar per capita i>er annum of the 
 entire population of the country. 
 
 The objection to this measure would be the abolition of the protection 
 now afforded to the sugar interests of Louisiana and other States. This ; 
 difficulty might be met by giving a bounty of, say, two and one -half 
 cents per pound upon all home-produced sugar. The cultivation of 
 sugar in this country is not a rapidly-growing industry; there is no pros- 
 pect that the i)roduction of cane sugar will ever bear a greater propor- 
 tion to the consumption than at present. If the area of the lands suit- 
 able for the growth of sugar-cane was large, and the industry was one 
 which would develop rapidly under the encouragement of protective, 
 legislation, so that the constantly growing demand for sugar would be 
 overtaken and supplied by a home product, the question would be very ' 
 difierent; but such is not the case. Sugar-cane is a troi)ical plant, and; 
 its cultivation in the United States is confined to a small portion of, 
 Louisiana, Florida, and Texas, and where grown it is subject to the haz- 
 ards of frosts and floods, so that a maximum crop is not produced oftener' 
 than every other year, as will be seen from the following figures, which 
 show the quantities of sugar and molasses produced for the years named: 
 
 Years. 
 
 Sugar. 
 
 Molasses. 
 
 1859-'60 
 
 Hogaheadg. 
 230, 982 
 136, 878 
 228, 451 
 178, 872 
 233, 908 
 
 GaJlong. 
 14, 963, 996 
 
 1877 '78 
 
 18, 983, 040 
 
 1878-'79 
 
 17, 624, 539 
 
 1879-80 
 
 16, 573, 273 
 
 1880-'81 
 
 20, 340, 038 
 
 
 
 The quantity of sugar imported during the fiscal year 1861 was 
 511,000,000 pounds, while the quantity imported during the fiscal year 
 1882 was 1,900,000,000 pounds. It is thus seen that while the home 
 product has not increased in twenty-one years, the importations have 
 increased almost fourfold. 
 
 I apprehend if sugar were not produced in this country Congress 
 would not hesitate to remove the duty from imported sugar as the best 
 means of reducing taxation. The present law gives to the sugar planters 
 of this countiy, indirectly, about $1,000,000 or 85,000,000 per annum. 
 My proposition would be to give them this amount directly and let the 
 whole people have the benefit of the reduction of taxation of, say, 
 ^$49^0,00,000, winch would in thiswayjie effected.
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 83 
 
 The principle of payiiij"^ a bounty for the en eoura foment and develop- 
 ment of American industry is not new; it was adopted in the ca-vse of 
 our fisheries as early as 1813, and was continued for more than fifty 
 years. Millions of dollars have been paid out durinf;- this period to 
 American fishermen for fish caujjht and exported, and we are still driv- 
 ing to this industry the bonus of allowing them to withdraw salt free 
 of duty and of requiring from them no tonnage dues. As a matter of 
 principle, a bounty to our sugar interests would, in my opinion, be no 
 more objectionable than similar encouragement to our fisheries. 
 
 These reductions, if made, would amount to $77,531,888. 
 
 Detailed information is subjoined of the amount of internal revenue 
 collected during the past year, and for the first four months of the pres- 
 ent fiscal year; of the sources whence that revenue was derived ; of the 
 States and districts in which the collections were made daring the past 
 year, and as to the cost of collection, &c. 
 
 COMPARATIVE RECEIPTS FOR LAST TWO FISCAL YEARS. 
 
 The receipts from the several objects of internal-revenue taxation 
 during the last two fiscal years have been as follows : 
 
 Sources of revenue. 
 
 Receipts for 
 
 1«81. 
 
 Receipts for 
 
 1882. 
 
 lucreaee. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 BPIKIT8. 
 
 Spirits distilled from fruit 
 
 Spirit*" distilled from grain, molasses, &c 
 
 Rectifiers 
 
 Retail liquor dealers 
 
 Wholesale liquor dealers 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Total of spirits 
 
 TOBACCO. 
 
 Cigars 
 
 CiRarettes 
 
 Snuff 
 
 Tobacco, chewing and smoking 
 
 Dealers in leaf tobacco 
 
 Dealers in manufactured tobacco 
 
 Manufacturers of tobacco aud cigars. .. 
 
 Peddlers of tobacco 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Total of tobacco 
 
 FERMENTED LIQUORS. 
 
 Ale, beer, lager beer, and porter 
 
 Brewers' sp<>cial tax 
 
 Dealers in malt liquors 
 
 Total of fermented liquors 
 
 HANKS AND BANKERS. 
 
 Bank deposits 
 
 Rank ("ipital 
 
 Bank linulation 
 
 Total of banks and bankers 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Bank checks 
 
 Friction matches , 
 
 Patent medicines, perfumery, cosmetics, 
 
 &«•' r 
 
 P<'naltie» : 
 
 Collections not otherwise provided for.. 
 
 Total of miscellaneous 
 
 Aggregate receipts 
 
 $1, 531, 075 83 $1, 095, 164 60 
 
 CO, BS'i, 0;')1 73 
 
 170, 145 09 
 
 4, 3l.'2, 298 21 
 
 418, 813 68 
 
 28, 589 44 
 
 63, 683, 592 37 
 
 184, 483 67 
 
 4, 455, 355 55 
 
 439, 018 86 
 
 15, 793 13 
 
 $3, 000, 540 64 
 
 14,337 68 
 
 133, 057 34 
 
 20, 205 18 
 
 $435, 911 23 
 
 12, 796 31 
 
 C7, 153, 974 
 
 69, 873, 408 18 2, 719, 433 30 
 
 16, 095, 
 
 992, 
 
 689, 
 
 22, 833, 
 
 76, 
 
 1, 976, 
 
 151, 
 
 20, 
 
 13, 
 
 42, 854, 991 31 
 
 13, 237, 700 63 
 ]9.">, 3(18 52 
 207, 232 06 
 
 13,700,241 21 
 
 18, 245, 852 37 
 
 972, 570 10 
 
 778, 650 87 
 
 25,0.33,741 97 
 
 76, 3(19 15 
 
 2,094,530 21 
 
 1,52,622 14 
 
 22, 875 22 
 
 14, 830 88 
 
 47, 391, 088 91 
 
 15, 680, 678 1)4 
 195, 8L'4 31 
 277, 417 57 
 
 16, 153, 920 42 
 
 2, 150, 127 50 
 
 89, 467 84 
 2, 200, 454 37 
 
 118, 464 66 
 1, 179 57 
 
 1, 785 21 
 
 4, 5:}6, 997 60 
 
 3, 442, 977 91 
 
 515 79 
 10, 185 51 
 
 2, 453, 679 21 
 
 20, 411 12 
 
 687 61 
 3,'382'oi 
 
 2, 946, 906 64 
 
 811,0(lti 35 
 
 4, 295 08 
 
 4, 096, 102 45 
 
 1, 153, 1)70 25 
 
 4, 285 77 
 
 1,149,195 81 
 342, 003 90 
 
 9 31 
 
 3, 762, 208 07 | 5, 253, 458 47 I 1, 491, 250 40 
 
 2,253,411 20 
 3, 278, 580 62 
 
 1,843,263 90 
 231,(178 21 
 152, 162 90 
 
 2,318,4.55 14 
 3, 272, 258 00 
 
 1, 978, 395 .56 
 199, 830 04 
 81,5.59 00 
 
 65, 043 94 
 
 135, 131 66 
 
 7, 850, 497 74 I 
 
 92, 000 91 
 
 146, 523, 273 72 i 11, 293, 361 42 
 
 31,248 17 
 70, 603 90
 
 84 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The quantities of distilled spirits, fermented liquors, manufactured 
 tobacco, snuff, cigars, and cigarettes on which tax was paid during the 
 same periods were as follows: 
 
 Products taxed. 
 
 Fiscal years ended Jnne 30 — 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 Number of gallons of spirits distilled 
 from fruit 
 
 Number of gallons of spirits distilled 
 fi'om grain, molasses, and other mate- 
 rials 
 
 Number of cigars 
 
 Number of cigarettes ,..., 
 
 Num ber ot pounds of snuff 
 
 Number of ])oun<ls of tobacco 
 
 Number of barrels of fermented liquors. , 
 
 1, 701, 20G 
 
 67, 426, 000 
 
 2, 682, 620, 797 
 
 567, 3.95, 983 
 
 4, 307, 394 
 
 142, 706, Oil 
 
 14, 311, 028 
 
 1, 216, 850 
 
 70, 759, 548 
 
 3, 040, 975, 395 
 
 554, 544, 186 
 
 4, 866, 568 
 
 156, 458, 033 
 
 16, 952, 085 
 
 3, 333, 548 
 358, 354, 598 
 
 559, 174 
 
 13, 752, 022 
 
 2, 641, 057 
 
 484, 356 
 
 12, 851, 797 
 
 RECEIPTS FOR FIRST FOUR MONTHS OF PRESENT FISCAL YEAR. 
 
 The receipts for the first four months of the present fiscal year com- 
 pared with the corresponding months of the past fiscal year have been 
 as follows : 
 
 Sources of revenue. 
 
 Receipts from 
 
 July 1, 1881, 
 
 to October 
 
 31,1881. 
 
 Receipts from 
 
 Jnly 1, 1882, 
 
 to October 
 
 31, 1882. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 SPIEITS. 
 
 Spirits distilled from apples, peaches, or 
 grapes 
 
 Spirits distilled from materials other than 
 apples, peaches, or grapes 
 
 Wine made in imitation of champagne, &c 
 
 Kectiflers (special tax) 
 
 Dealers, retail liquor (special tax) 
 
 Dealers, wholesale liquor (special tax) 
 
 Manufacturers of stills, and stills and 
 •worms manufactured (special tax) 
 
 Stamps for distilled spirits intended for ex- 
 port , 
 
 Total « 
 
 TOBACCO. 
 
 Cigars amd cheroots 
 
 Cigarettes — ... 
 
 Manufacturers of cigars (special tax) 
 
 Snuff of aU descriptions 
 
 Tobacco, manufactured, of all descriptions 
 
 Stamps for tobacco, snufl, and cigars in- 
 tended for export 
 
 Dealers in leaf tobacco', not over 25,000 
 pounds (special tax) , 
 
 Dealers in leaf tobacco (special tax) 
 
 Ketail dealers in leaf tobacco (special tax) 
 
 Dealers in manufactured tobacco (special 
 tax) 
 
 Manufactirrers of tobacco (special tax)... 
 
 Peddlers of tobacco (special ta^s) 
 
 Total 
 
 FERMENTED LIQU0B8. 
 
 Fermented liquors, tax of $1 per barrel on. 
 
 Brewers (special tax) 
 
 Dealers in malt liquors (special tax) 
 
 Total „ 
 
 $396, 540 85 
 22, 427, 887 60 
 
 $371, 387 17 
 22, 089, 470 43 
 
 $25, 153 68 
 338, 417 17 
 
 10, 420 87 
 
 356, 507 52 
 
 27, 112 59 
 
 2, 716 68 
 
 2,413 00 
 
 14, 937 52 
 
 370, 792 11 
 
 30, 083 41 
 
 2, 103 34 
 
 590 60 
 
 $4, 516 65 
 
 14, 284 59 
 
 2, 970 82 
 
 613 34 
 
 1, 822 40 
 
 23, 223, 599 11 
 
 22, 879, 364 58 
 
 6, 405, 640 64 
 
 346, 694 87 
 
 7, 055 65 
 
 290, 149 25 
 
 10, 248, 892 01 
 
 1, 984 60 
 
 1, 000 46 
 
 5, 999 96 
 
 583 34 
 
 185, 869 46 
 
 485 85 
 
 2, 913 36 
 
 6, 968, 197 36 
 
 403, 195 21 
 
 6, 631 95 
 
 302, 092 33 
 
 9, 135, 770 56 
 
 877 97 
 
 779 61 
 
 4, 456 24 
 
 291 67 
 
 190, 732 94 
 
 329 62 
 
 2, 275 67 
 
 562, 556 72 
 56, 500 34 
 
 17, 497, 269 45 
 
 17, 015, 631 13 
 
 6, 033, 246 03 
 
 6, 795 96 
 
 42, 849 17 
 
 6, 306, 977 23 
 
 5, 273 26 
 
 41, 776 37 
 
 11, 943 08 
 
 4, 863 48 
 
 273, 731 20 
 
 6, 082, 891 16 6, 354, 026 86 I 271, 135 70 
 
 344, 234 53 
 
 423 70 
 
 i,"ii3,"i2i'45 
 
 1, 106 63 
 
 220 85 
 
 1, 543 72 
 
 291 67 
 
 156 23 
 637 69 
 
 481, 638 32 
 
 1, 522 70 
 1, 072 80
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 85 
 
 Sources of revenue. 
 
 Keceiptfl from 
 
 July 1, 1881, 
 
 to bctobor 
 
 31, 1881. 
 
 Receipts from 
 
 July 1, 1882, 
 
 to October 
 
 31, 1882. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 BANKS AND BANKEK8. 
 
 $714, 684 11 
 
 33, 401 29 
 
 363, 350 04 
 
 4, 339 67 
 
 4 29 
 
 2,402 45 
 
 $794, 449 59 
 
 28, 245 79 
 
 235,461 82 
 
 3, 546 34 
 
 17 13 
 
 4 14 
 
 $79, 765 48 
 
 
 
 $5, 155 50 
 
 
 
 127, 888 22 
 
 
 
 793 33 
 
 
 12 84 
 
 
 
 Koteaof ])erson3, State banks, towns, cities, 
 
 2, 398 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1, 118, 181 85 
 
 1, 001, 724 81 
 
 
 56,457 04 
 
 
 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 2, 869, 644 95 
 52, 360 24 
 
 34, 913 27 
 
 3,161,562 11 291,917 16 
 82, 014 52 29. (154 28 
 
 
 
 
 Collections not otherwise herein provided 
 for . . . .... 
 
 5, 806 66 
 
 
 29, 106 61 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 2, 956, 918 46 
 
 3, 249, 383 29 | 292, 464 83 
 
 
 
 
 
 50, 878, 860 03 
 
 50, 560, 130 67 
 
 
 318, 729 36 
 
 
 
 
 COLLECTIONS BY DISTRICTS DURING PAST FISCAL YEAR. 
 
 Following were the collections in each district of the United States 
 during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882 : 
 
 Collection districts. 
 
 Names of collectors. 
 
 Ageregato col- 
 lections. 
 
 I 
 
 First Alabama 
 
 Second Alabama 
 
 Arizona 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 Do 
 
 First California 
 
 Fourth California... 
 
 Colorado 
 
 First Connecticut... 
 Second Connecticut. 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Florida 
 
 Second Georgia 
 
 Do..... 
 
 Third Georgia 
 
 Idaho 
 
 First niinoia 
 
 Second Illinois 
 
 Third Illiu()is 
 
 Foui'th Illinois 
 
 Fifth Illinois 
 
 Seventh Illinois 
 
 lOiizlith Illinois 
 
 Thirtcinth Illinois.. 
 
 First ludiima 
 
 Fourth Indiana 
 
 Sixth Indiana 
 
 Seventh Iniliiina .... 
 
 Tenth Indiana 
 
 Kle\ intli Indiana... 
 
 Second Iowa 
 
 Third Iowa 
 
 Fourt h Iowa 
 
 Fifth Iowa 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Secoud Kentucky... 
 Fifth Kentucky 
 
 Do 
 
 Sixth Kentucky 
 
 Seventh Kentucky . 
 Eijihlh Kentucky... 
 Ninth Kentucky 
 
 Albion L. !Morgan 
 
 James T. Kaiiicr 
 
 Thomas Cordis 
 
 Edw.ard Wheeler 
 
 Henry if. Cooper 
 
 Chancellor Haitson...... 
 
 Amos L. Fi'o.st 
 
 James S. Wolfe 
 
 Joseph Seidell 
 
 Davul F. Holliater 
 
 John L. PcuDin;;tou 
 
 James Melntiio 
 
 Dennis Eagau 
 
 Andrew Claik 
 
 Walter H. Johnson 
 
 Edward C. Wado 
 
 KonelloW. Berry 
 
 Joel D. Ilarvoy ." 
 
 Lucion IJ. Crookcr 
 
 Albert Woodcock 
 
 Kichard Rowett 
 
 Howard Knowles 
 
 John W. Hill 
 
 Jonathan Merriam 
 
 Jonathan C. Willis 
 
 James C. Veatch 
 
 WillCumback 
 
 Frederick Baggs 
 
 Dclos W. Miushall 
 
 George Moon 
 
 John F. Wildmaii 
 
 John W. Gnen 
 
 James E. Simpson 
 
 John Connell 
 
 Lampson V. Shornum 
 
 John C. Caqx'uter 
 
 William A. Stuart 
 
 William S. Wilsou 
 
 Lcnvis Buekner 
 
 John W. Finnell 
 
 Annstcd M. Swopo 
 
 William J. Landram 
 
 John £. Blaiuo 
 
 3, 
 
 10, 
 
 $73, 504 25 
 
 67, 028 67 
 
 45, 464 31 
 
 32, 079 92 
 
 76, 9r.9 44 
 
 814,692 80 
 
 312,484 65 
 
 247, 264 09 
 
 263,811 8.3 
 
 301, 989 45 
 
 67, 436 83 
 
 350, 906 37 
 
 280,227 32 
 
 241,404 76 
 
 22, 589 46 
 
 95, .'Kie 66 
 
 31, 908 27 
 
 406, 026 54 
 
 261,351 75 
 
 676. 981 44 
 
 247,764 7.1 
 
 267, !)88 65 
 
 75, 5P5 53 
 
 •JL'9,1.V{ 2C 
 
 827, 555 43 
 
 2'.3, 745 94 
 
 459,301 35 
 
 1(54, 648 03 
 
 306, 004 77 
 
 196, 885 66 
 
 104,111 19 
 
 421, 3S0 23 
 
 321, 618 32 
 
 184, 738 .S7 
 
 916, 167 32 
 
 264,013 95 
 
 g.'i.'N 021 75 
 
 ,019,227 83 
 
 448, 493 91 
 
 ,43:., or)H 55 
 
 , 2.«1.^61 30 
 i;jl,70!) 30 
 109, GOO 64
 
 86 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Collection districts. 
 
 Name* of coUectora. 
 
 Apirrpfjate col- 
 lectioua. 
 
 Lo;i isianiv 
 
 Maine 
 
 Third Mary land 
 
 Fourtli Maryland 
 
 Tliird MaHsixliiiscttH 
 
 IMI'Mi Massiiciinsdds 
 
 Teul li M as.sachusclts 
 
 yirst Miclu^;an 
 
 Til i rd M ich i t;an 
 
 Fourtli Mii^lii^iau 
 
 Sixth Midi iLTiiu 
 
 First MiiiTu.sota 
 
 Second l^Iinucsota 
 
 Mississippi —.. 
 
 First Missouri , 
 
 Second jMissomi 
 
 Fourth Missouri 
 
 Fifth Missouri 
 
 Do 
 
 Sixth Missouri 
 
 Montana 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Nevada 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 Do 
 
 First New Jei-aey 
 
 Third New Jorsey 
 
 Fifth Now Jersey 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 First New York 
 
 Second Now York 
 
 Third New York 
 
 Eleventh New York 
 
 Twelfth New York 
 
 Fourteenth New York 
 
 Fifteenth New York 
 
 Twenty-first New York 
 
 Twenty-fourth New York 
 
 Do 
 
 Twenty-sixth New York 
 
 Twenty-eighth New York 
 
 Do 
 
 Thirtieth New York 
 
 Second North Carolina 
 
 Fourth North Carolina 
 
 Fifth North Carolina 
 
 Sixth North Carolina 
 
 Do 
 
 First Ohio 
 
 Do 
 
 Third Ohio 
 
 Fourth Ohio 
 
 Sixth Ohio 
 
 Do 
 
 Seventh Ohio 
 
 Tenth Ohio 
 
 Eleventh Ohio 
 
 Fifteenth Ohio 
 
 Eighteenth Ohio 
 
 Oregon 
 
 First Pennsylvania 
 
 Do 
 
 Eighth Pennsylvania 
 
 Ninth Pennsylvania 
 
 Do 
 
 Twelfth Pennsylvania 
 
 Fourteenth Pennsylvania 
 
 Sixteenth Pennsylvania 
 
 Nineteenth Pennsylvania 
 
 Twentieth Pennsylvania 
 
 Twentv-second Pennsylvania . 
 Do 
 
 Twenty-third Pennsylvania... 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 Sout h Carolina 
 
 Second Tennessee 
 
 Fifth Tennessee 
 
 Eighth Tennessee 
 
 First Texas 
 
 Third Texas 
 
 Fourth Texas 
 
 Do 
 
 Utah - 
 
 Morris Marks 
 
 Franklin J. Rollins 
 
 Kohert M. Proud 
 
 AVelistor Bruce 
 
 Charles W. Slack 
 
 Cliailes C. Dame 
 
 Kdward li. Tinker 
 
 Luther S. I'rowhridgo 
 
 Harvey Ti. llowlson 
 
 Slunian S. Bailey 
 
 Hcmry C. liipley 
 
 Albeit C. Wedgo 
 
 William Bickel 
 
 James Hill 
 
 Isaac H. Sturgeon 
 
 Alonzo B. Carroll 
 
 Kynd E. Lawder 
 
 David n. Budlong 
 
 Bryan TI. Langston 
 
 Philip Do]. j.ler 
 
 Tliouias P. Fuller 
 
 Lorenzo Crounso 
 
 Frederick C. Lord 
 
 Andrew H. Young 
 
 Henry M. Putney 
 
 William P. Tatem 
 
 Culver Barcalow 
 
 Robert B. Hathorn 
 
 Gustavus A. Smith 
 
 Rodney C. Ward 
 
 Marshall B. Blake 
 
 Max AVeber , 
 
 Moses T>. Stivers 
 
 Jason M. Joliuson 
 
 Ralph P. Lathrop 
 
 Thomas Stevenson 
 
 James C. P. Kincaid. ........ 
 
 John B. Strong , 
 
 James Chivei ton (acting).... 
 
 Benjamin De Voe 
 
 Burt Van Horn , 
 
 Henry S. Pierce , 
 
 Frederick Buell , 
 
 Elihu A. AVhite 
 
 Isaac J. Young .. 
 
 George B. Everitt 
 
 John J. Mott 
 
 Thomas N. Cooper 
 
 Amor Smith, ir 
 
 William H. Taft 
 
 Robert WilHama, jr 
 
 Robert P. Kennedy 
 
 James Piirsell 
 
 George P. Dunham 
 
 Charles C. Walcutt 
 
 Clark Waggoner 
 
 Marcus Boggs 
 
 Jewett Palmer 
 
 Worthy S. Strea;tor 
 
 John C. Cart Wright 
 
 James Ashworth 
 
 William J. Pollock 
 
 Joseph T. Valentine 
 
 Thomas A . "Wiley 
 
 Andrew J. Kaullman 
 
 Edward H. Chase 
 
 Charles J. Bruner 
 
 Edward Scull 
 
 Charles !M. Lynch 
 
 James C. Brown 
 
 Thomas W. Davis 
 
 Frank P. Case 
 
 John M. SuUivan 
 
 Elisha n. Rhodes 
 
 EUery M. Braytou 
 
 James M. Melton 
 
 William M. Woodcock 
 
 Robert F. Patterson 
 
 William H. Sinclair 
 
 Benjamin C. Ludlow 
 
 Tlioodore Hitehcox (acting) . 
 
 William Umbdenstock 
 
 O vando J. Hollister 
 
 $918,899 19 
 
 85,259 83 
 
 2, 662, 009 47 
 
 160, 228 81 
 
 1,601,844 13 
 
 yya, 9i9 13 
 
 401, .'•.95 81 
 
 1, 362, 945 87 
 273, 718 46 
 164, 576 96 
 201,949 76 
 125,071 40 
 403,420 54 
 
 94, 008 90 
 6, 186, 922 72 
 
 65, 405 90 
 501, 8,33 39 
 
 15.4.54 84 
 13?, 281 C2 
 634, 589 47 
 
 68, 001 31 
 1, 108, 191 15 
 
 49, 103 93 
 236, 429 79 
 113,512 25 
 305, 040 48 
 4.")9, 988 40 
 4, 686, 604 72 
 
 55, 903 38 
 
 2, 984, 084 80 
 4,206,252 54 
 6, 762, 211 18 
 
 180,625 31 
 
 627, 261 92 
 
 620, 596 47 
 
 346, 397 30 
 
 333,264 94 
 
 158, 399 55 
 
 311,457 50 
 
 386, 550 60 
 
 882, 940 24 
 
 251, 600 89 
 
 1, 403, 396 85 
 
 62, 163 24 
 
 1, 022, 309 00 
 
 1, 274, 767 96 
 
 466, 823 71 
 
 41, 350 61 
 
 8,611,983 49 
 
 3,316,270 35 
 
 1, 621, 593 77 
 
 475,913 53 
 
 195, 905 86 
 
 104, 369 47 
 
 7U0, 260 02 
 
 1, 021, 133 71 
 
 1,216,251 21 
 
 201,528 11 
 
 894, 059 79 
 
 88, 079 82 
 
 1, 702, 832 12 
 
 1,308,486 21 
 
 689, 758 24 
 
 1, 337, 955 89 
 
 112, 764 12 
 
 423, 128 51 
 
 242, 351 75 
 
 258. 917 37 
 
 144, 726 27 
 
 101, 605 53 
 
 1, 063. 295 49 
 
 622, 130 29 
 
 767. 154 44 
 
 2J9, 2."8 48 
 
 119, 099 79 
 
 118, 312 99 
 
 777, 590 72 
 
 101, 824 29 
 
 87, 434 96 
 
 84, 372 68 
 
 11,552 43 
 
 75, 072 86 
 
 48, 523 08
 
 EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 87 
 
 Collection districts. 
 
 Names of collectors. 
 
 Aggregate col- 
 lections. 
 
 
 
 «56,444 58 
 1,010, 101 04 
 
 
 
 
 Oti.s H. Kussill 
 
 2, 144, 88e 37 
 
 Fourth Vii'Kiuia 
 
 
 1, 006, 673 36 
 
 Fifth Virginia 
 
 
 1,740,3-4 41 
 234,273 12 
 
 Sixth Viricinia 
 
 Beverly B. Botts 
 
 "Washington 
 
 
 40, 202 57 
 
 First West Virginia , 
 
 Isaac H. Duval m... ........'........ 
 
 366, 323 15 
 
 Second West Virginia 
 
 135, 953 41 
 
 First Wisconsin 
 
 
 2, 560, 6^8 30 
 198, 570 39 
 
 Second Wisconsin..... .„ ........ 
 
 Henry Ilamden — ... 
 
 Third Wisconsin 
 
 15, 065 01 
 
 Do 
 
 Howard M. Kutchin ...^... 
 
 Hiram E.KoUpv 
 
 243, 238 52 
 
 Sixth Wisconsin 
 
 87, 524 77 
 
 Do 
 
 
 87, 428 23 
 
 
 
 20,385 65 
 
 
 Total from collectors 
 
 13«, 954, 165 02- 
 
 Cash receipts from sale of adhesive stamps. 
 
 
 7, 569, 108 70 
 
 
 
 Af^gregate receipts ... ...... ........ 
 
 146 523, 273 72 
 
 
 
 ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE PUBLIC FUNDS. / 
 
 The entire amount thus collected was promptly covered into the 
 Treasury without loss. Dnriug the past six fiscal years the sum of 
 $748,834,071.02 has been collected from internal-revenue taxation and 
 paid into the Treasury without any loss by defalcation. 
 
 COST OF COLLECTION. 
 
 The cost of collection for the past fiscal year, distributed among the 
 different items of approx)riation, was apxn'oximately as follows : 
 
 For salaries and expenses of collectors, including pay of deputy col- 
 lectors, clerks, «fcc $1, 9d0, 790 88 
 
 For salaries and expenses of revemio agents, finrveyors of distilleries, 
 
 gangers, storekeepers, and miscellaneous expenses * 2, 2oG, 318 37 
 
 For stamps, paper, and dies 565,026 28 
 
 For expenses of detecting and punishi ng violations of internal-revenue 
 la^vs 55, 015 95 
 
 For salaries of officers, clerks, and employes in the office of Coinmia- 
 eioner of Internal Revenue 2.'>3, 330 00 
 
 Total 5,107,481 48 
 
 The total expenses (including the ex[)euses of this ofiSce) will be 
 found, on final adjustment, to be less tluin 3.^ per cent, on the amount 
 collected. The expt'uses of collection for the last six years hnve been 
 about $27,087,300, or about 3.G percent on the amount collected. Thia 
 sum has been disbursed without loss to the government. 
 
 • •«#*•• 
 
 GENERAL CONDITION OF THE SERVICE. 
 
 The condition of the service is all that can be desired. The reports 
 of the inspecting officers show that an admirable eftprit de corjp» actuates 
 every officer in the performance of his duties. 
 
 I desire to extend my thanks to the officers of internal revenue 
 throughout the country for their zeal and energy in bringing about this 
 result. The thanks of this ofiicc are also due to the United States mar- 
 shals for their hearty co-operation with the iuterual-revenue officers in 
 enforcing the laws. 
 
 * This item is liable to be slightly increased by the paynuiit of a few accounts not 
 yet adjusted.
 
 88 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 DISTILLED SPIRITS IN BOND. 
 
 Some months ago many of the leading sweet-mash distillers made an 
 arrangement for a reduction of tlie producing capacity of their distil- 
 leries, and for limiting the manufacture of their line of distilled spirits 
 to the demands of the trade. They have recently been followed by a 
 large number of sour-mash distillers with a somewhat similar arrange- 
 ment. The effect will be to cut down the production of all classes of 
 distilled spirits to the demands of the trade. 
 
 On the30thdayofJune,1882,thespiritsremaimngin warehouses reached 
 the highest point, namely, 89,962,645 gallons. Since that time there has 
 been a gradual reduction in the amount remaining in warehouses, and 
 on the 1st day of November, 1882, the amount was 84,628,331 gallons. 
 This largo stock mainly consists of fine grades of whisky, the tax upon 
 .which will fall due from month to month until the last withdrawal, 
 which must be made November 6, 1885. 
 
 If the future demand for this class of goods is to be judged of by the 
 withdrawals of similar goods tax-paid during the past few years, the 
 stock now on hand is equal to six years' consumption. To postpone the 
 payment of the tax on this stock until its withdrawal is required by the 
 demands of trade, a movement has been set on foot for its exportation 
 and reimportation, and storage in customs bonded warehouses. This is 
 entirely practicable under exisiting laws, and it becomes a question 
 whether it would not-be better to afford by legislation the relief sought 
 to be obtained by this indirect means. An extension of the bonded 
 period for a reasonable time need notimpair the security of the govern- 
 ment for its taxes, and would in no manner tend to reduce the income 
 of the government from this source of revenue which has up to this 
 period resulted from the natural laws of trade and the demand for dis- 
 tilled spirits for consumption. By this means the expenses of transpor- 
 tation both ways and custom-house charges abroad would be saved. 
 
 THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAWS. 
 
 It affords me great pleasure to report that the supremacy of the laws 
 of the United States for the collection of its internal revenues has been 
 established in all parts of the country. Frauds in the manufacture and 
 sale of whisky and tobacco in the districts where they have hitherto 
 most prevailed have become the exception rather than the rule. There 
 is no longer organized resistance to the authority of the government, 
 the people render obedience to the laws, and the taxes are collected 
 without unnecessary friction and with but little litigation. To maintain 
 this favorable condition of things and to prevent the recurrence of 
 frauds it will be necessary to continue the system of careful policing 
 whicb has brought about this result. 
 
 I have to record with extreme regret, as signalizing the closing hours 
 of the long struggle maintained against the enforcement of the internal- 
 revenue laws, the murder of Deputy Collector James M. Davis, near 
 McMinnville, Tenn., in March last. Captain Davis was one of the 
 bravest and most efficient officers engaged in the suppression of illicit 
 distilling. Whilst on his way from court he was waylaid on the public 
 highway in broad daylight by ten or more assassins, concealed behind 
 an ambush of logs and bushes specially constructed for the purpose, and 
 was deliberately murdered under circumstances of peculiar atrocity whilst 
 bravely defending himself to the last. The place where this crime was 
 committed is in the midst of a well-settled country. There is circum- 
 stantial evidence that the assassination was plotted in a place of public
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 89 
 
 resort not far from the seeue of the murder. Citizens rode by whilst 
 Davis's body was still warm and before his slayers were fairly out of 
 sight, yet, though liberal rewards have been offered for the detection 
 and arrest of the criminals, no evidence has yet been obtained upon 
 which an arrest could be based. 
 
 3 PENSIONS TO WIDOWS AND ORPHANS OF OFFICERS KILLED. 
 
 The successful close of the struggle to establish and maintain the 
 internal-revenue laws of the United States is in my opinion a fitting 
 occasion to renew the recommendation in my last report for the grant- 
 ing of pensions to persons disabled while engaged in enforcing said 
 laws, and to the widows and orphans of officers killed in the discharge 
 of their duty. The service in which these officers were engaged was par- 
 ticularly hazardous. No alternative being left except to meet force with 
 force, they were armed by the government with breech-loading carbines 
 to protect themselves against the assaults of those who resisted its au- 
 thority. In this struggle thirty-one officers and employes have been 
 killed and sixty-four wounded. I respectfully submit that these wounded 
 officers and the widows and orphans of those who have been slain have 
 a just claim upon the bounty of the government, and I earnestly recom- 
 mend early legislation upon the subject. 
 
 TERM OF OFFICE OF COLLECTORS. 
 
 I have the honor to again recommend that a law be passed fixing the 
 term of office for collectors of internal revenue at four years, and I fur- 
 ther recommend that said law shall provide that collectors of internal 
 revenue shall not be subject to removal except for such causes as are 
 designated in said law. I am satisfied that the incorporation into 
 the civil service of the j)rinciple of a fixed term and removal for cause 
 only, would result in a marked improvement in the public service, and 
 would meet what seems to me a just and growing demand of public 
 opinion. 
 
 FIXED SALARIES FOR UNITED STATES MARSHALS AND DISTRICT AT- 
 TORNEYS. 
 
 1 respectfully call attention to the remarks under this head in my last 
 annual report, and again recommend legislation in accordance with the 
 recommendation therein contained. 
 
 REDEMPTION OF STAMPS. 
 
 I renew the recommendation made in my last two reports that that 
 portion of section 17 of the act of March 1, 1879, which prohibits the 
 redemption of stamps unless the same are presented within three years 
 after their purchase from the government or a government agent for 
 the sale of stamps, be repealed. 
 
 LEGISLATION CONCERNING MANUFACTURE OF VINEGAR. 
 
 I also renew the recommendation made in previous reports for the 
 passage of a law prohibiting the manufacture of vinegar by the alco-
 
 90 TAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 holic vaporiziiif; process provided for in section 5 of tl»e act of March 
 1, 187!), or sul)iuctin<>: vincffar factories nsiii^ the vaporiziiifj: jn-ocess to 
 the supervision of a ^overninent storekeei)er, and to a certain extent 
 to other safe},'uards, as now required in the case of distillc^rs of sj»irits. 
 Further exi)erieiico only conhrnis the opinion which I have Itcretofore 
 expressed of the necessity for the indicated lefjislation for tlie protec- 
 tion of the revenue from dangerous frauds. Shoukl it be deemed best 
 to continue tlie present system, under suitable safeguards, it might be 
 well to make such additional provisions as will permit the manufact- 
 urer to fully avail himself of the right to condense alcoholic vapor with- 
 out the waste of material incident to the present ])rocess. The compeu- 
 Bation of store-keeper, if provided, should be reimbursed to the govern- 
 meut by the manufacturer. 
 
 EXAMINATION OF GLUCOSE AND METHYLATED SPIRITS. 
 
 At the request of the Committee of Ways and Means of the House 
 of Eepreseutatives I am having an examination made of a number of 
 samples of glucose, both dry and sirup, for the purpose of testing its 
 saccharine qualities and liealthfulness. 
 
 Tests are also being made of methylated spirits to determine whether 
 alcohol mixed with wood naphtha can be restored to its original purity. 
 These experiments are being made by the Academy of Sciences, and re- 
 ports are now expected, when they will be transmitted for the informa- 
 tion of the committee. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. 
 
 The act of Congress approved March 3, 1881, making provision for the 
 legislative, executive, and judicial expenses for the year ending June 
 30, 1882, required the Commissioner of Internal Eevenue to make a de- 
 tailed statement of all miscellaneous expenditures in the Bureau of In- 
 ternal Eevenue, for which appropriation was made in that act. In ac- 
 cordance with the aforesaid requirement, I submit the followiug detailed 
 statement of miscellaneous expenses incurred: 
 
 Express on public money to depositories $7,040 51 
 
 Stationery for internal-revenue officers 17, 980 10 
 
 Internal-Revenue Record for internal-revenue officers 2,409 80 
 
 Telegrapliing 1,139 77 
 
 Compensation of United States attorneys in internal-revenue cases, under 
 
 sections 827 and 838, Revised Statutes 4,555 60 
 
 Locks for distilleries 3, 922 50 
 
 Hydrometers for use in gauging spirits 5, 73G 20 
 
 Gaugiiig-rods for standard-test gauging, »S:c 157 45 
 
 Alcohol for scientitic tests - 82 19 
 
 Expenses of seizure and sales by collectors 889 04 
 
 Coin scales for use in collectors' offices 100 40 
 
 Traveling expenses of clerks under special orders of tbe department 1, 103 93 
 
 Kent of offices leased by the Secretary of the Treasury in New York City for 
 
 the collector of the second district 4,999 96 
 
 Total 50,177 45 
 
 EXPENDITURES FOR THE DISCOVERY' AND PUNISHMENT OP FRAUD. 
 
 In accordance with the provisions of the act making the appropria- 
 tion, the followiug detailed statement of expenditures from the appro- 
 priation for detecting and bringing to trial and punishment persons 
 guilty of violating the internal-revenue laws is submitted.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 91 
 
 Amount expended tlironsh collectors of internal revenue in the em- 
 ])loymeiJt of persons for tlie detection of fruu<ls, and for information 
 leading to the discovery of frauds, and punishment of guilty persons, 
 as follows: 
 
 Xame. 
 
 Era.\-ton. EM 
 
 Ulaiiif, JotiU K 
 
 Cliiik, Aiulrcw ... 
 
 Coopi'V, n. M 
 
 Dnval, I. H 
 
 Eveiitt, G. B 
 
 Engan, Dennis 
 
 Harvev, J. L) 
 
 Hait80D, C 
 
 Johnson, W. H ... 
 Laudi-am, W. J ... 
 
 W')tt, J.J 
 
 Melton, J. M 
 
 Patterson, U. F... 
 
 Pollock, W.J 
 
 Rives, J.H 
 
 Kapler, J. T 
 
 Stuart, W. A 
 
 Simpson, J. K 
 
 Wilson, W. S 
 
 "Woodcock, W. M. 
 
 Wade, E. C 
 
 Ycung, I. J 
 
 Total di*bur«ed by collectors . 
 
 District. 
 
 Sooth Carolina 
 
 Kintti Kt'utueky 
 
 S(-c< >ii<l Georgia 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 Fii.st West Virginia .... 
 Fifth North Carulina . . 
 
 Florida 
 
 First niinois 
 
 Fu-st California 
 
 Second Georgia 
 
 EiKhlli Kentucky 
 
 Sixth North Carolina. . . 
 
 Second Tenuesspe 
 
 Ki^lith Tenne.-jsee 
 
 First Pennsylvania 
 
 Fifth Virjrinia 
 
 Second A labama 
 
 Second Kentucky 
 
 Third Iowa 
 
 Fifth Kentucky 
 
 Fifth Tennessee 
 
 Third Georgia 
 
 Fourth North Carolina. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 3CC 00 
 178 00 
 63C 00 
 45 00 
 44 00 
 151 86 
 295 91 
 38 9C 
 15 00 
 104 00 
 189 00 
 408 00 
 151 00 
 263 30 
 251 00 
 549 50 
 471 50 
 53 00 
 50 00 
 2".8 20 
 404 55 
 285 00 
 263 00 
 
 10, 471 78 
 
 Amount expended for like purpose through revenue agents 
 lows : 
 
 as fol- 
 
 Kame. 
 
 Amoont. 
 
 Brooks, A. H 
 
 Blocker, O. H 
 
 Chapman, W. H 
 
 Crane, A. M. , 
 
 Creamer, M. H 
 
 Bowlini:, P. H 
 
 Eldridfie, C. W 
 
 Grimeson. T.J 
 
 Hale, J.H 
 
 Kinnev, T.J 
 
 Kellogg, n 
 
 Mever, F 
 
 McCoy, J.B 
 
 Packard, J 
 
 Rauni, J.M 
 
 Sonierville, William. 
 
 Spaulding, T). I) 
 
 Trdcic,T. C 
 
 Thrasher. L. A 
 
 Trumbull. J. L 
 
 Webster, E.T> 
 
 Wilson, G. W 
 
 Wheehr, J. C 
 
 Wagner, J , 
 
 $7,724 60 
 609 63 
 
 1, 208 88 
 108 50 
 3.12 20 
 
 1, 475 22 
 3h9 63 
 
 1, 121 50 
 104 00 
 
 1,186 94 
 800 95 
 
 1, 645 80 
 
 5 50 
 
 2, 318 44 
 1,441 54 
 4, 175 48 
 
 1 50 
 
 683 75 
 
 2, 122 CI 
 
 178 20 
 
 I, rJ4 98 
 
 721 '>5 
 
 56 00 
 
 237 25 
 
 Total disbursed by revenue agents . 
 
 i 30, U54 65 
 
 §10,471 
 
 78 
 
 30. th-.4 65 
 
 5, ItlJ 
 
 '27 
 
 •SOH 
 
 •if) 
 
 n.r.Hi 
 
 (10 
 
 Aniomit expended by collectors 
 
 Anionnt exi»eiidf'd liy reveutie ageiit.s.. 
 
 Rewards luidcr circular No. iK) 
 
 Kewnrd.s under circular of March 10, 1." 
 Wiscullaucoiis 
 
 Total |a!i,015 'Jo
 
 92 ' PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The accounts for expenditures under this appropriation are rendered 
 monthly, with an itemized statement, and in all cases supported by sub- 
 vouchers duly sworn to. These accounts pass through all the account- 
 ing offices of the Treasury Department, and are filed in the Kegister's 
 Oifice. 
 
 ESTIMATED EXPENSES FOR NEXT FISCAL YEAR. 
 
 I estimate the expenses of the Internal-Eevenue Service for the fiscal 
 year ending June 30, 1884, as follows. 
 
 For salaries aud expenses of collectors $2,100,000 00 
 
 For salaries aud expenses of thirty-five revenue agents, for surveyors, 
 for fees and expenses of gaugers, for salaries of storekeepers, and for 
 
 miscellaneous expenses 2, 300, 000 00 
 
 For dies, paper, and stamps 500, 000 00 
 
 For detecting and bringing to trial and punishment persons guilty of 
 violating the internal-revenue laws, including payment for informa- 
 tion and detection 75,000 00 
 
 For salaries of officers, clerks, and employes in the office of the Com- 
 missioner of Internal Revenue 299, 190 00 
 
 Total 5,274,190 00 
 
 ******* 
 
 TOBACCO. 
 
 The total amount of collections from tobacco for the fiscal vear ended 
 June 30, 1882, was $47,391,988.91. This amount includes the collections 
 of internal-revenue taxes imposed upon imported manufactured tobacco, 
 snuff, and cigars (in addition to customs duties) ; the taxes imposed on 
 domestic manufactured tobacco, snuff, aud cigars; the special taxes 
 paid by manufacturers of tobacco, snuff, and cigars ; the special taxes 
 paid by dealers in leaf and dealers in manufactured tobacco ; special 
 taxes paid by peddlers of manufactured tobacco ; and it also includes 
 the receipt of money for export stamps sold to exporters of tobacco. 
 
 The collections from the several sources above-named for the last fis- 
 cal year exceed those of the fiscal year immediately preceding by the 
 sum of $4,536,997.60. 
 
 RECEIPTS FROM TOBACCO AND SNUFF. 
 
 Manufactured tobacco, at 16 cents per pound |i25,032, 372 19 
 
 Manufactured tobacco, at 24 cents per pound 1,369 78 
 
 Snuff, at 16 cents per pound 778,650 87 
 
 Total for year ended June 30, 1882 25,812,392 84 
 
 Total for year ended June 30, 1881 23,522,470 63 
 
 Increase in collections on tobacco and snuff 2, 289, 922 21 
 
 Of this increase $2,200,454.37 was on chewing and smoking tobacco, 
 and $89,467.84 on snuff. 
 
 RECEIPTS FROM CIGARS AND CIGARETTES. 
 
 Cigars taxed at $6 per thousand $18,245,852 37 
 
 Cigarettes taxed at §1.75 per thousand 969,580 30 
 
 Cigarettes taxed at $6 per thousand 2,939 80 
 
 Total collections for year ended June 30, 1832 19, 218, 422 47 
 
 Total collections for year ended June 30, 1881 17, 038,706 00 
 
 Increase in collections from cigars and cigarettes 2, 129, 716 47
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 93 
 OTHER COLLECTIONS. 
 
 Receipts from export stamps sold year emled June 30, 1882 §6, 554 40 
 
 Receipts from export stamps sold year ended Juno 30, 1881 6, 852 40 
 
 Decrease in sale of export stamps 298 00 
 
 Dealers in manufactured tobacco, year ended June 30, 1832 32,094,536 21 
 
 Dealers in manufactured tobacco, year ended Juno 30, 1881 1, 976, 071 55 
 
 Increase in collections from dealers in manufactured tobacco 118, 464 65 
 
 Special taxes, manufiicturers of tobacco and cigars in 1882 $152,622 14 
 
 Special taxes, manufacturers of tobacco and cigars in 1881 151,442 57 
 
 Increase special taxes, manufacturers of tobacco and cigars 1, 179 57 
 
 Special taxes, peddlers of tobacco, year ended June 30, 1882 $22, 875 22 
 
 Special taxes, peddlers of tobacco, year ended June 30, 1881 26,258 13 
 
 Decrease in collections from peddlers of tobacco 3, 382 91 
 
 Dealers in leaf tobacco, year ended June 30, 1882 $^4,585 63 
 
 Dealers in leaf tobacco, year ended June 30, 1881 83, 190 03 
 
 Increase in collections from dealers in leaf tobacco 1.395 60 
 
 COjNIPARISON WITH PRECEDING YEAR. 
 
 The above statement shows that the collections made during the fiscal 
 year ended June 30, 1882, were in excess of those made during- the fiscal 
 year ended June 30, 1881, with two exceptions, to wit, export stamps, 
 $298.00, and peddlers, $3,382.91, aggregating $3,680.91. The increases 
 were: 
 
 From specific taxes : 
 
 Tobacco and snuff $2,289,922 21 
 
 Cigars and cigarettes 2, 129,716 47 
 
 From special taxes : 
 
 Dealers in manufactured tobacco 118,464 66 
 
 Manufacturers of tobacco and cigars 1, 179 57 
 
 Dealers in leaf tobacco 1, 395 60 
 
 Total increase of collections $4,540,678 51 
 
 Deduct decrease of collections 3, 680 91 
 
 Net increase of collections 4,536,997 60 
 
 PRODUCTION OF MANUFACTURED TOBACCO, CIGARS, ETC. 
 
 The production of tobacco, snufif and cigars for the fiscal year ended 
 June 30, 1882, as shown from the several quantities removed for con- 
 sumption on payment of tax, together with the quantities removed in 
 bond for export, is as follows: 
 
 Ponnds. 
 
 Tobacco taxed at 16 cents per pound 156,452,326 
 
 Tobacco taxed at 24 cents per pound 5, 707 
 
 Snull taxed at 16 cents per pound 4,866,568 
 
 Total quantity removed for consumption 161, 324, 601 
 
 Tobacco and snuff removed for exportation 10, 829,215 
 
 Total apparent production 172, 153,816 
 
 Total apparent product, year ended June 30, 1881 157,699,876 
 
 Increase of production 14, 453, 940
 
 94 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 PRODUCTION OF CIGARS AND CIGARETTES. 
 
 Jsnmoer. 
 
 Cigars, cheroots, &c. taxed at $i) per thousand 3, 040, l>7r,, ;W5 
 
 CigarotttiH taxod at $1.75 ])cr thoiiHand 054, 045, «>i6 
 
 CigarcttcH taxc^d at $(> per tliouHaiid A'M, 1500 
 
 CigarH removed in bond for export '.i, 451,995 
 
 Cigarotlea removed in bond for export CA, 001,500 
 
 Total product for fiscal year, 1882 3,<1(;2,973, 076 
 
 Total product for fiscal year, 1881 3, '21)0, 404, 915 
 
 Total increase of production 372, 5G8, 161 
 
 Of this increase 321,897,758 were cigars and 50,670,403 cigarettes. 
 
 TOBACCO AND SNUFF SOLD, EXPORTED, AND ON HAND. 
 
 Ponnds. 
 
 Tobacco and snuff sold during 1881 162,053 056i 
 
 Tobacco and snuff exported during 1881 7,825, 646i 
 
 Tobacco and snuff" on hand January 1, 1882 1^,037,257 
 
 Total 188,515,960 
 
 Tobacco and snuff manufactured during 1881 172,467,238^ 
 
 Accounted for in excess of manufacture 16, 048, 721 J 
 
 MATERIALS USED. 
 
 The gross amount of materials used in the manufacture of tobacco 
 and snuff and the loss in course of manufacture, for the calendar year 
 1881, has been as follows : 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Materials used in manufacturing tobacco and snuff 221,002, 060| 
 
 Tobacco and snuff manufactured and in process out of this material 180, 107, 000^ 
 
 Diff'erenceor apparent loss on materials used 40, 895,060J 
 
 This difference, itemized, is as follows : 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Scraps taken out of the leaf tobacco used 3, 585, .570 
 
 Stems taken out of the leaf tobacco used 32, 192,354 
 
 Loss from dirt, dust, shrinkage, &c 5, 117, 136i 
 
 Total of scraps and stems taken out and loss from dirt, shrinkage, &c . 40, 895, 060^ 
 IMPORTED CIGARS. 
 
 The cigars imported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, as 
 given by the Bureau of Statistics, were as follows : 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Aggregate in quantity 802, 872 
 
 Of this quantity there were exported 71, 295 
 
 Leaving to bo withdrawn for consumption 731, 577 
 
 Allowing 13^ pounds to the thousand as the weight of imported cigars, the 
 
 numl)er woukl be 54, 190, 889 
 
 Number withdrawn, 1881 40,092,667 
 
 Increase in number of cigars for the fiscal year, 1882 14, 098, 222 
 
 EXPORTATION OF MANUFACTURED TOBACCO AND SNUFF IN BOND. 
 
 The quantities of tobacco removed and unaccounted for, July 1, 1881, 
 were as follows : 
 
 Pounds. Pounda. 
 
 Bonds in the bands of United States district attorneys 17, 094 
 
 Tobacco, at 24 cents, removed under exportation bonds 33, 974 
 
 Tobacco, at 24 cents, removed under transportation bonds. 126, 312^ 
 Tobacco, at 16 cents, removed under exportation bonds.. . 830, 57(4 
 Tobacco, at 16 cents, removed under transportation bonds. 102, 515i 
 
 1,110,472J
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 95 
 
 The quantity of tobacco removed during the year ended June 30, 1882, 
 TvaH: 
 
 Tobacco and snufl', at IG ccnta per pound tax in, .--ii), 215;^*^ 
 
 10,829,215-,*^ 
 
 ll,'J39,G8tfi^ 
 
 The quantities of tobacco exported and accounted for during the year were: 
 
 Pounds. Pounds. 
 
 Tobacco, at 24 cents per pound tax lAi],7'.)0i 
 
 Tobacco and snuff, at 16 ceuts per pound tax 10, 590, GJO v^^ 
 
 Tobacpo, at 24 ceuts per i)Ound tax (tax paid on deficien- 
 cies) 240 
 
 Tobacco and snuff, at 16 cents per pound tax (tax paid on 
 
 deficiencies) - — 1,057 
 
 10,744,677}^ 
 
 The quantities of tobacco remaining unaccounted for June 30, 1882, were: 
 
 Pounds. Founds. 
 
 Bonds in the hands of United States district attorneys 17, 094 
 
 Tobacco, at 24 cents, removed under exportation bonds... 3,481 
 
 Tobacco, at 24 cents, removed under transportation bonds." 9, 835 
 
 Tobacco and snuff, at 16 ceuts, removed under exportation 
 
 bonds 1,050, 127^ 
 
 Tobacco and snuff, at 16 ceuts, removed under transporta- 
 tion bonds 84,473 
 
 1 , 195, OlOi 
 
 11.939,688i»ff 
 
 The quantity of tobacco removed from manufactories for exportation 
 during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, is 143,083 pounds greater 
 than that removed during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1881. The num- 
 ber of cigars is 725,020 greater; and of cigarettes is 20,338,440 greater. 
 The number of cigarettes exported in 1882 exceeds the number exported 
 in 1881 by 70 per cent. 
 
 In this connection I call attention to the following paragraph which 
 appeared in my reports for 1880 and 1881, and renew the recommenda- 
 tion contained therein: 
 
 It, however, appears that in striking out a portion of section 3385 Revised Statutes, 
 and substituting for the portion stricken out the amendatory provisions of the new 
 law, the language of that part of section 3385 relied upon as autliorizing the exporta- 
 tion of tobacco, snuff, and cigars by railroad cars and otlu-r land (u)nveyances was, 
 through inadvertence, not restored. I see no good reasons why the exportation of 
 these articles under section 3385, as amended, should bo confined to vessels, and I would 
 therefore recommend that as early as possible in the next session of Congress the law 
 bo amended so as to clearly provide for the exportation of tobacco, snuff, and cigars by 
 railroad or other land conveyances. 
 
 EXPORTATION OF CIGARS AND CIGARETTES IN BOND. 
 
 The number of cigars and cigarettes removed and unaccounted for to July 1, 1881, 
 was: 
 
 Number. Number. 
 
 Cigars, at |16 per M tax 81,450 
 
 Cigarettes, at $1.75 per M tax 4, 153,000 
 
 4,234,450 
 
 The number of cigars and cigarettes removed during the year ended 
 June 30, 1882, was: 
 
 Cigars, at $6 ]>cr M tax 3,451.905 
 
 Cigarettes, at §1.75 per M tax 64,001,500 
 
 07,453,405 
 
 71,6e7,945
 
 96 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The number of cigars and cigarettes exported and accounted for during the year 
 ended Juno 30, 168-2, was: 
 
 Number. Number. 
 
 Cigars, at $(3 porM tax 3,^00.895 
 
 Cigarettes, at $1.75 per M tax 63,2'JS,000 
 
 60,583,895 
 
 The number of cigars and cigarettes remaining unaccounted for June 
 
 30, 1882, was : 
 
 Cigars, at $G per M 242,n.')0 
 
 Cigarettes, at $1.75 per M 4,856,500 
 
 5,099,050 
 
 71,687,945 
 
 The following: statement shows the quantities of tobacco (including 
 snuff) removed for export in the last ten years, and the percentage of 
 production : 
 
 Tear. 
 
 Pounds of to- 
 bacco ex- 
 ported. 
 
 Percent- 
 age of 
 produc- 
 tion. 
 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 187C 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 
 110,045 
 800, 927 
 179, 316 
 434, 485 
 335, 046 
 581, 744 
 034, 051 
 808, 409 
 686, 132 
 829, 215 
 
 8. 59-t- 
 9.114- 
 7.13-f 
 7.87+ 
 8.88+ 
 8.89+ 
 8.624- 
 6.71+ 
 6.61+ 
 6.29+ 
 
 DATE OF BONDS REMAINING UNACCOUNTED FOR JUNE 30, 1882. 
 
 The years in which the bonds were given for the exportation of the 
 tobacco, snuff, cigars, and cigarettes remaining unaccounted for by the 
 evidence required by law for their cancellation on June 30, 1882, are as 
 follows, viz: 
 
 Tear. 
 
 Tobacco. 
 
 Cigars. 
 
 Cigarettes. 
 
 1S72 ^ 
 
 Pounds. 
 17, 094 
 
 Number. 
 
 Numbtr. 
 
 1873 , 
 
 
 
 1874 - 
 
 
 
 
 1875 
 
 448 
 
 1, 015 
 
 361 
 
 7,704 
 
 49, 472 
 
 62, 965 
 
 117,979 
 
 937, 972J 
 
 
 
 1876 
 
 
 
 1877 
 
 
 
 1878 .. 
 
 
 
 1879 
 
 
 32, 000 
 
 1880 ; 
 
 10,500 
 
 10, 000 
 
 222, 050 
 
 6,000 
 
 1881 
 
 325, 000 
 
 1882 
 
 4, 493, 500 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1, 195, OlOi 
 
 242, 550 
 
 4, 856, 50« 
 
 
 
 REVIEW OF TAXATION OF TOBACCO. 
 
 In June, 1872, a uuiform tax of 20 cents a pound was imposed on all 
 classes of manufactured tobacco except snufl', which was taxed at the 
 rate of 32 cents a pound. In 187o the uuiform tax was increased from 
 20 to 24 cents a pound ; and in March, 1S79, the tax On all manufact- 
 ured tobacco, including snuff, was reduced to IG cents a pound. In 1875 
 the tax on cigars was increased from $5 per thou.sand to 80, and the 
 tax on cigarettes from $1.25 per thousand to $1.73.
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 97 
 
 The following statement shows the collections from special and spe- 
 cific taxes on tobacco of all descriptions, including' suutf, cigars, and 
 cigarettes : 
 
 Anaount collected. 
 
 1873 $34,386,303 09 
 
 1874 33,242,875 62 
 
 1875 37,303,461 88 
 
 1876 3U, 795, 339 91 
 
 1877 41,UH5,546 92 
 
 1878 40,01)1,754 67 
 
 1879 40,135,002 65 
 
 1880 38,870,140 08 
 
 1881 42,854,991 31 
 
 1882 47,391,988 91 
 
 Aggregate collections 395,178,405 04 
 
 Average annual collections 39,517,840 50 
 
 Excess of collections in 1882 over average 7,874, 148 41 
 
 The collections from tobacco of all descriptions, including snuff, and 
 number of pounds thereof, have been as follows : 
 
 Tears. 
 
 Collections. 
 
 1873. 
 1874. 
 1875. 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 1878. 
 1879. 
 3880. 
 1881. 
 1882. 
 
 Total 
 
 $23, 
 21, 
 25, 
 26, 
 28, 
 26, 
 25, 
 21, 
 28, 
 25, 
 
 858 22 
 9.'.5 5!) 
 759 51 
 780 20 
 767 90 
 872 30 
 010 25 
 763 74 
 470 63 
 392 84 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 114, 789, 208 
 107, 502, 548 
 119, 435, 874 
 107, 003, 516 
 112,722,055 
 10.5, 500, 736 
 116,975,223 
 132, 309, 527 
 147, 013, 405 
 161,324,601 
 
 248, 571, 631 18 ! 1, 224, 630, 693 
 
 Averafre annnal collections $24, 857, 163 12 
 
 Average annual quantity tobacco and snuff tax>paid pountl.t... 122, 463, 670 
 
 The collections from cigars, cheroots, and cigarettes, and number of 
 cigars and cigarettes, have been as follows : 
 
 Tears. 
 
 Collections. 
 
 Kombor. 
 
 ]fi73 
 
 $8, 040, 391 48 
 9, :).•):), 5'.r.' 21 
 
 10, 2(1.''., 8-J7 .'■..". 
 
 11, 10.-., 272 45 
 11,001.278 1.-. 
 11,719,220 .la 
 
 12, 532,4. =i2 72 
 14, 922. Oi'K 88 
 17, 08.><, 700 00 
 19, 218, 422 47 
 
 1, 807, 034, 646 
 
 1, 886, 607, 498 
 1,967,9.50,062 
 1,900,227,982 
 1,949,078,513 
 
 2, 070, 2.53, 337 
 2, 2.57, 523, .581 
 2,776,511,615 
 3,2.-.0,M6,770 
 3,59.1,419,581 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 126, 127, 258 31 
 
 23, 466, 723, 185 
 
 
 A Tf>ra jro annnal collections |12, 612, 725. 83 
 
 A vorago number cigars tax-paid annually 2, 346, 672, 3J0 
 
 Tlie large increase since ISTSover the general average of tlio last ten 
 yrars in the quantity of manufaetured tobacco and nuinbors of cigar.s 
 and cigarettes on which taxes have been collected is, in my ojiinion, to 
 be attributed to two causes : 
 
 First. The improved condition of llic times, whereby all are enabled 
 to purchase tobacco or cigars who desire to do so. 
 7 Ab
 
 98 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Second. The supervision exercised over the entire industry and the 
 ncreased vij;iUiuce of the various ollicers of the service in detecting and 
 reporting- all cases of fraud, and holding every man to a strict compli- 
 ance with the law. 
 
 The amount collected during the last ten years inpayment for export 
 stam])s used on tobacco, snuft; and cigars, was $08,010.30, being an av- 
 erage annual payment of $0,801.03. 
 
 The aggregate amount paid for special-tax stamps by manufacturers 
 and dealers in tobacco during the last ten years was $20,410,005.25, be- 
 ing an average annual payment of $2,041,000,52. 
 
 LEAF TOBACCO. • 
 
 The annexed tables show that during the calendar year ISSl the 
 number of pounds of leaf tobacco consumed in the manufacture of 
 tobacco, snuff, cigars, clieroots, and cigarettes was as follows: 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Manufactured, into tobacco and snuff 170,079,013 
 
 Made into cigars, clieroots, and cigarettes 66, 425, 279 
 
 Totalleaf manufactured in 1881 236,504,292 
 
 Deduct imported leaf used 11, 102,893 
 
 DomesticleafusedinlBBl 225,401,399 
 
 ******* 
 
 DISTILLED SPIRITS AND MALT LIQUORS. 
 
 The quantity of spirits (105,853,101 gallons) produced and deposited 
 in distillery warehouses during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, was 
 less than the production of the previous year (117,728,150 gallons) by 
 11,874,980 gallons. 
 
 The decrease in production for the fiscal year 1882 as compared with 
 the production for the fiscal year 1881 is distributed among the differ- 
 ent varieties known to tbe trade as follows : 
 
 Gallona. 
 Decrease in production of — 
 
 Bourbon whisky 4,056,948 
 
 Eye whisky 706,832 
 
 Alcohol 7,787,293 
 
 Rum 414,422 
 
 High wines 3,401,202 
 
 Total. 16,366,702 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Increase in production of— 
 
 Gin 19,538 
 
 Pure neutral or cologne spirits 4,314,685 
 
 Miscellaneous 157,490 4,491,713 
 
 Net decrease 11,874,989 
 
 QUANTITY OF SPIRITS RECTIFIED. 
 
 The following statement shows the number of proof-gallons of si>irits 
 rectified in the United States during the year ended April 30, 1882, by 
 collection districts: 
 
 Alabama 103, 466. 50 
 
 Arizona 25,680.50 
 
 First district, California . . 1, 912, 841. 29 
 
 Fourth district, California. 188, 841. 00 
 
 Colorado 119,051.56 
 
 First district, Connecticut. 33, 519. 28 
 Second district, Connecti- 
 cut 153,254.09 
 
 Delaware 39,144.50 
 
 Second district, (Georgia.. , 323, 872. 00 
 
 Third district, Georgia . . . . 720, .536. 00 
 
 Idaho 8,204..^.0 
 
 First district, Illinois 4, 655, 6.')3. 67 
 
 Second district, Illinois ... 8, 221. 66 
 
 Fourth district, Illinois . . . 191, 553. 50 
 
 Fifth district, Illinois S-JS, 255. 00 
 
 Eighth district, Illinois ... 11, 707. 00 
 Thirteenth district, Illi- 
 nois .-i9,091.00 
 
 First district, Indiana 16, 580. 50
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 99 
 
 district, 
 
 New 
 
 Fourth district, Indiana . . 51, 878. 00 
 
 Sixth district, Indiana 17, 'M]^. 87 
 
 Seventh district, Indiana. . 38, 355. 50 
 
 Tenth district, Indiana.... 50, 821. .^)0 
 
 Second district, Iowa 5, 23'i. 00 
 
 Third district, Iowa fio, 144. 00 
 
 Fourth district, Iowa 44, 373. 50 
 
 Kansas 11,370.71 
 
 Second district, Kentucky . 86, 513. 00 
 
 Fifth district, Keutuckj' .. 1, l.'yi, 874. 04 
 
 Sixth district, Kentucky.. 4, 220, 072. 52 
 
 Seventh district, Ken- 
 
 tuckv 9,291.00 
 
 Louisiana 1,090,968.31 
 
 Third district, Maryland.. 3, 870, 056. 17 
 
 Fourth district, Maryland. 9, 898. 50 
 
 Tliird district, Massachu- 
 setts 1,766,238.11 
 
 Fifth district, Massachu- 
 setts 29,333.00 
 
 Tenth district, Massachu- 
 
 gg^^g 3 797_ 5Q 
 
 First district", Michigan . . . 299^ 891. 00 
 
 Fourth district, Mic^iigau. 33,843.25 
 
 First district, Minnesota .. 10, 971. 77 
 
 Second district, Minnesota. 228, 253. 65 
 
 First district, Missouri 3, 622, 993. 74 
 
 Fourth district, Mi.ssouri .. 322. 50 
 
 Sixth district, Missouri ... 371,593.50 
 
 Montana 1,:}80.50 
 
 Nebraska 116,165.00 
 
 Nevada 7,121.50 
 
 New Hampshire 14,030.00 
 
 First district, New Jersey . 1, 908. 00 
 
 Third district. New Jersey . 31, 134. 42 
 
 Fifth district, New Jersey. 121, 266. 50 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 First district, New York . . 1 , 200, 709. 75 
 
 Second district. New York. 6, 802, 236. 05 
 
 Third district. New York. . 702, 828. 34 
 Eleventh district, Now 
 
 York 980.50 
 
 Fourteenth district. New 
 
 York 444,322.90 
 
 Fifteenth district, New 
 
 York 21,968.00 
 
 Twenty-first district. New 
 
 York 51,828.19 
 
 Twenty-fourth district, New 
 
 York 201,420.00 
 
 Twenty-sixth district, New 
 
 York 9,986.00 
 
 The following statement sliows the mimber of proof-gallons of spirits 
 rectified iu the United States during the year ended April 30, 1882, by 
 States and Territories : 
 
 Twenty-eighth 
 New York 
 
 Thirtieth district, 
 
 York 
 
 Fourth di.strict,North Caro- 
 lina 
 
 Sixth district, North Caro- 
 liua 
 
 First district, Ohio 
 
 Third di.^trict, Ohio 
 
 Fourth district, Oliio 
 
 Seventh district, Ohio 
 
 Tenth district, Ohio 
 
 Eleventh district, Ohio 
 
 Fifteenth district, Ohio... 
 
 Eighteenth district, Ohio.. 
 
 Oregon 
 
 First district, Pennsyl- 
 vania 
 
 Eighth district, Pennsyl- 
 vania 
 
 Ninth district, Pennsyl- 
 vania 
 
 Twelfth district, Pennsyl- 
 vania 
 
 Fourteenth district, Penn- 
 sylvania 
 
 Nineteenth district, Penn- 
 sylvania 
 
 Twenty-second 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Twenty-third 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Fifth district, Tennessee .. 
 
 First district, Texas . 
 
 Third district, Texas 
 
 Fourth district, Texas .... 
 
 Utah 
 
 Second district, Virginia.. 
 
 Third district, Virginia ... 
 
 Sixth district, Virginia ... 
 
 First district, West Vir- 
 ginia 
 
 First district, Wisconsin .. 
 
 Second district, Wisconsin. 
 
 Third district, Wisconsin.. 
 
 Total 59,810,407.45 
 
 district, 
 district, 
 
 452. 661. 45 
 
 071, 
 
 981. 00 
 
 29, 
 
 183. 00 
 
 38, 
 
 926. 50 
 
 10,541, 
 
 030. 08 
 
 48 
 
 815. 50 
 
 17 
 
 661. 98 
 
 41, 
 
 772. 97 
 
 345, 
 
 290. 02 
 
 26, 
 
 524. 50 
 
 
 18.60 
 
 466, 
 
 089. 50 
 
 64, 
 
 803. 00 
 
 7,478, 
 
 723.65 
 
 161 
 
 853.90 
 
 96 
 
 016. 00 
 
 119 
 
 549. 00 
 
 
 
 432. 48 
 
 10 
 
 405. 50 
 
 913, 
 
 002.25 
 
 27 
 
 679. 00 
 
 35 
 
 169. 00 
 
 20 
 
 500. 50 
 
 277, 
 
 117.00 
 
 208 
 
 162. 50 
 
 8 
 
 615. 00 
 
 
 270.50 
 
 29 
 
 718. 00 
 
 222 
 
 906. 50 
 
 367 
 
 711.50 
 
 94 
 
 935. 00 
 
 63 
 
 854. 00 
 
 1.24.5, 
 
 169. 73 
 
 36, 
 
 313. 00 
 
 31 
 
 206.50 
 
 Alabama 108,466.50 
 
 Arizona 25, OSO. .50 
 
 California 2, 10I,(;.S2.29 
 
 Colorado 119,051.56 
 
 Connecticut 191,773.37 
 
 Delaware 3'J, 144. .50 
 
 Georgia 444,408.00 
 
 Idaho 8,204. .50 
 
 Illinois 5,749,4S1.83 
 
 Indiana 175, 004. 37 
 
 Iowa 114,749.-50 
 
 Kansas 11,370.71 
 
 Kentucky 5, 468, 750. 56 
 
 Louisiana 1,090,968.31 
 
 Maryland 3,879,954.67 
 
 Massachusetts 1, 799, 372. 61 
 
 Michigan 333,734.25 
 
 Missouri 3,994,909.74 
 
 Minnesota 239,225.42 
 
 Montana .. 7,3*^0.50 
 
 Nebraska 116, 165. 00 
 
 Nevada 7,121.50 
 
 New Hauipshiro 14, 030. 00 
 
 Ni'w Jersey 154,368.92 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 New York 10,560,922.18 
 
 North Carolina 68,109.50 
 
 Ohio 11, 487,203. 15
 
 100 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 r)rof,'on c.i.po:?. no 
 
 rcmisvlvania 8, 810, (itil. 7H 
 
 ICliodo Island :{;'), Ki'.). 00 
 
 BouMi Carolina 20, WK). r,0 
 
 Toniiossoo 277,117.00 
 
 Texas 217,(M'S.OO 
 
 lUah 20,718.00 
 
 Virginia 6(;.5, 553. 00 
 
 WoHt Vir;;inia 68,854.00 
 
 Wiacousin 1,312, 749. 23 
 
 Total 59,810,407.45 
 
 OPERATIONS AT DISTILLERY WAREHOUSES. 
 
 The following table sliows the quantity of distilled spirits in taxable 
 pallons, at 90 cents per gallon tax, placed in distillery warehouses dur- 
 ing the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, the quantity withdrawn there- 
 :froni during the year, and the quantity remaining therein at the begin- 
 ning and close of the year: 
 
 Taxable gallons. 
 
 1. Quantity of distilled spirits actually remaining in warehouse Jvlv 1. 
 
 1881 .' ."... 04,648,111 
 
 2. Quantity of distilled spirits not actually i u warehouse claimed to have 
 
 been lost by casually 204,075 
 
 3. Quantity of distilled spirits withdrawn for exportation, proofs of land- 
 
 ing not received 15,045,619 
 
 4. Quantity of distilled spirits withdrawn for transfer to manufacturing 
 
 warehouse, not yet received at warehouse 65,516 
 
 5. Quantity of distilled sjiirits produced from July 1, 1881, to June 30, 
 
 1882 10.5,853,161 
 
 Total 185,816,482 
 
 6. Distilled spirits withdrawn tax -paid (including deficiencies on export 
 
 bonds and casualties disallowed) 70, 749, 880 
 
 7. Distilled spirits exported, proofs oif landing received 14,259,410 
 
 8. Distilled spirits allowed for loss by casualty 139, 377 
 
 9. Distilled spirits withdrawn for scientitic purposes aud for the use of 
 
 the United States 14,048 
 
 10. Distilled spirits allowed for loss by leakage or evaiioration in ware- 
 
 house 1,231,336 
 
 11. Distilled spirits allowed for loss by leakage in transportation for ex- 
 
 port, &c 35,361 
 
 12. Distilled spirits withdrawn for transfer to and received at manufac- 
 
 turing warehouse 242,574 
 
 13. Distilled spirits withdrawn for exportation, proofs of landing not 
 
 received 8,838,193 
 
 14. Distilled spirits withdrawn for transfer to manufacturing warehouse, 
 
 not yet received at warehouse 35, 9'J8 
 
 15. Distilled spirits not actually in warehouse, claimed to have been lost 
 
 by casualty 307, 730 
 
 16. Distilled spirits actually remaining in warehouse June 30, 1882 89,962 645 
 
 Total 185,816,482 
 
 The quantity of spirits, 89;962,645 gallons, actually remaining in ware- 
 house June 30, 1882, is the quantity as shown by the original gauge of 
 each package. 
 
 The quantity of spirits withdrawn from distillery warehouses for 
 exportation during the year was 8,092,725 gallons. 
 
 DISTILLED SPIRITS ALLOWED FOR LOSS BY LEAKAGE OR EVAPORA- 
 TION IN WAREHOUSES. 
 
 The quantity of spirits, 1,231.336 gallons, reported in the preceding 
 table as lost by leakage or evaporation in warehouse is that portion of 
 the actual leakage in warehouse from packages withdrawn during the 
 year which has been allowed in accordance with the provisions of sec- 
 tion 17 of the act of May 28, 1880. It is noted that in most cases the 
 quantity allowed by the law has covered the entire loss, so that the
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 101 
 
 above quantity is believed to indicate ahnost the entire loss in ware- 
 honse on the spirits withdrawn during the year, except in cases of cas- 
 ualty, and may be safely used as a factor in computing probable losses 
 on spirits in distillery warehouses. 
 
 The leakage allowed during June, 1880, was 75,831 gallons, and the 
 quantity allowed during the year ended June 30, 1881, was 811,400 gal- 
 lons, making the total allowances to July 1, 1882, 2,118,030 gallons. 
 
 In the consideration of a bill to amend the laws relating to the entry 
 of distilled spirits in distillery warehouses and special bonded ware- 
 houses, and the withdrawal of the same therefrom (H. K. 5050, Forty- 
 seventh Congress, first session), the question arose as to whether the 
 allowances for leakage authorized by section 17 of the act of May 28, 
 1880, were adequate or excessive. 
 
 In order to assist in determining the question, a large number of 
 gangers' reports of withdrawals of spirits from warehouse was exam- 
 ined. The examination showed that under ordinary conditions the 
 quantity lost was oftener less than the maximum allowance than more 
 than the maximum allowance. The average losses in cold warehouses 
 were found to be uniformly less than the maximum allowances. In 
 heated warehouses, however, the average loss was sometimes found to 
 be greater. Upon examination of gangers' reports, selected at random, 
 covering spirits withdrawn from cold warehouses, it was found that the 
 average actual loss as to 104 i)ackages withdrawn within sixty days 
 after deposit in warehouse, i. e., during the first period named in the 
 law, was .90 of the maximum allowed by the law; the loss as to 140 
 packages withdrawn during the second period was .37 of the maximum 
 allowance; as to 71 packages withdrawn during the third period, the 
 loss was .53 of the maximum; as to 90 packages withdrawn during the 
 fourth period, the loss was .09 of the maximum; as to 131 packages 
 withdrawn during the filth period, the loss was .78 of the maximum; 
 as to 128 packages withdrawn during the sixth period, the less was .75 
 of the maximum; as to 99 i)ackages withdrawn during the seventh 
 period, the loss was .71 of the maximum; as to 94 packages withdrawn 
 during the eighth period, the loss was .00 of the maximum; as to 179 
 packages withdrawn during the ninth period, the loss was .05 of the 
 maximum; as to 107 packages withdrawn during the tenth period, the 
 loss was .08 of the maximum; as to 144 packages withdrawn during the 
 eleventh period, the loss was .01 of the maximum; as to S5 i)ackages 
 withdrawn during the twelfth period, the loss was .00 of the maximum ; 
 as to 192 packages withdrawn during the thirteenth ]ieriod, the loss 
 was .70 of the maximum; and as to 421 packages withdrawn during 
 the fourteenth and last period, the average loss was .70 of the maxi- 
 mum. 
 
 Very few withdrawals of spirits less than ten months old were found 
 to have been made from heated warehouses, and the average losses as 
 to these few cases did not vary materially from those occurring in cold 
 warehouses. As to 207 i)ackag('s withdrawn from heated warehouses 
 during the sixth period named in the law (eleven and twelve months), 
 the average loss was .87 of the maximum; as to 217 i)ackages with- 
 drawn during the seventh ])eri()(l, the average loss was .94 of the maxi 
 mum; as to 92 packages withdrawn during the eighth i)enod, the aver- 
 age loss was .80 of the maximum; as to 23 packages withdrawn during 
 the ninth period, the average loss was l.(K) of the maximum; as to 179 
 packages withdrawn during the tenth ])eri()d, the average loss was .80 
 of the maximum; as to 92 i)aekages withdrawn during the eleventh 
 period, the average loss was .87 of the maximum; as to 43 packages
 
 102 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 withdrawn durinf? the twelfth period, the average loss was .81 of the 
 maximum; as to 43 packages withdrawn during the thirteenth period, 
 the average loss was .90 of the maximum; and as to 379 packages with- 
 drawn during the fourteenth period, the average losa was .91 of the 
 .maximum allowed by law. 
 
 LOSS OF SPIRITS BY CASUALTIES. 
 
 During the fiscal year 1882 there were reported as lost by fire and 
 other casualties, while stored in warehouse, 257,016 taxable gallons of 
 spirits, or about fifteen ten-thousandths of tlie entire quantity of spirits 
 (170,501,272 gallons) handled in the several distillery warehouses in the 
 United States during that period. The loss so reported is distributed 
 among the several kinds of spirits as follows: 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Bourbon wMsky 145,239 
 
 Rye whisky 32,'J64 
 
 Alcohol 10,557 
 
 High wines 116 
 
 Miscellaneous 68, 140 
 
 Total 257,016 
 
 Of this quantity 167,890 gallons were destroyed by tire in one ware- 
 house, and 57,674 gallons were destroyed by the falling of patent ricks 
 in two other warehouses, making a loss of 225,564 gallons through three 
 casualties. 
 
 EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS. 
 
 The following statements show the quantities of spirits withdrawn 
 for exi^ort during the last two fiscal years: 
 
 WITHDRAWN IN 1881. 
 
 Districts. 
 
 Bourbon 
 whisky. 
 
 Eye 
 whisky. 
 
 Taim. 
 
 High 
 wines. 
 
 Pure, neu- 
 tral, or 
 cologne 
 spiiita. 
 
 Alcohol. 
 
 Aggregate. 
 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Qallons. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Gallons. 
 180 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Oallo7is. 
 180 
 
 
 
 
 
 180, 217 
 
 1, 233, 804 
 
 847,019 
 
 5, 447, 659 
 
 2, 825, 906 
 
 8,-), 002 
 
 42, 575 
 
 809, 028 
 
 901, 4:i2 
 
 1, 005, 209 
 
 1, 414, 021 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 847, 019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2S9, 886 
 
 5 737 545 
 
 8 Illinois 
 
 
 
 
 
 2, 825, 906 
 
 1 Indiana 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 85, 692 
 
 4 Indiana ..... 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,212 
 
 46, 787 
 
 
 3,482 
 
 
 
 
 812, 510 
 
 2 Iowa 
 
 
 
 
 
 961,432 
 
 5 Iowa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1, 005, 209 
 
 5 Kentucky . 
 
 2,130 
 4, 452 
 1,457 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,130 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,452 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,457 
 
 3 IMiiryland 
 
 1,242 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1, 242 
 
 3 MassachuHetts 
 
 
 209, 332 
 591, 002 
 
 
 
 
 269. 332 
 
 5 Hassachusetta ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 591.602 
 
 1 Missouri 
 
 
 
 
 
 28, 221 
 772, 171 
 
 """'316,373" 
 145, 509 
 
 28. 221 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 772. 171 
 
 1 Niw York 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,909 
 6,078 
 
 7,909 
 
 J Oliio 
 
 702 
 
 273 
 
 
 
 323, 426 
 
 3 Oliio 
 
 
 
 145, 5ii9 
 
 6 Oliio 
 
 903 
 
 975 
 
 2,212 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 1.9.38 
 
 22 PeniiBvlvania 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,212 
 
 1 Wisconsin 
 
 
 
 
 
 33, 580 
 
 33. .580 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 13, 186 
 
 4,702 
 
 8G0, 934 
 
 180 
 
 488 302 1 14 .T.>i 17>? : I.t 9'>1 ifi5 
 
 
 

 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 103 
 
 "VVITKDRAWif IN 1882. 
 
 Districte. 
 
 Bourbon 
 whisky. 
 
 Rye 
 
 whisky. 
 
 Rum. 
 
 High 
 wines. 
 
 Pare, neu- 
 tial, or 
 cologne 
 epiiits. 
 
 Alcohol 
 
 Gin. 
 
 Aggregate. 
 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Oallons. 
 
 Oallmis. 
 
 Gallons. 
 575 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 2 004 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Gallons. 
 2 579 
 
 
 
 
 
 84, 224 
 
 470, 832 
 355, 330 
 3, 082, 049 
 977, 517 
 152,907 
 231, 902 
 286, 622 
 370, 532 
 
 ""in 
 
 555 056 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 355 330 
 
 
 11, 144 
 
 
 
 
 214, 379 
 
 3, 307, 933 
 977, 517 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 152 967 
 
 
 171 
 
 
 
 
 13, 614* 
 
 1,082 
 
 245 747 
 
 
 
 
 
 287* 704 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 370, 532 
 2,209 
 10, 316 
 3,591 
 
 2 Kentuekv 
 
 2, 209 
 10, llti 
 
 3, 5','1 
 4,0-.'3 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 5 Kentucky 
 
 Kentucky .-• 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 Kmlucky 
 
 2,907 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,930 
 
 8 Kentucky 
 
 3 Maryhmd 
 
 
 
 
 
 209 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 00, 373 
 448, 518 
 
 
 
 
 
 96 373 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 448, 518 
 
 
 515 
 
 
 
 3,412 
 
 11, 093 
 153, 338 
 105, 552 
 
 ""iih' 
 
 15 02C 
 
 6 Missouri 
 
 
 
 
 153, 338 
 
 
 602 
 
 
 
 
 6.467 
 
 172, 621 
 615 
 
 1 New Yolk 
 
 439f 
 
 
 
 
 1 Ohio 
 
 
 
 
 
 553, 406 
 373, 206 
 
 553, 40< 
 373, 2Ce 
 
 400 
 
 3 Ohio 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22 Pennsvlvnnia • 
 
 
 40G 
 
 502 
 
 
 
 
 23 Pennsylvania 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 502 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 33, 019 
 
 4,055 
 
 544, 891 
 
 075 
 
 325, 382 
 
 7, 184, 466 
 
 337 
 
 8, 092, 725 
 
 
 * 13,614 "Ikliscellaneous" ou 01 a. 
 
 1439 "MisccUaneoos" on 61 a. 
 
 The following figures show the increase or decrease as to the various 
 kinds of spirits exported iu the year 1882 as compared with the year 
 
 1881: 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Decrease in alcohol 7,309,712 
 
 Decrease in rum 310,043 
 
 Decrease in pure or neutral spirits 102, 920 
 
 Decrease in rye wbiskj' 647 
 
 Total decrease 7,649,322 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Increase in bourbon whisky 19,8:^ 
 
 Increase iu hif^li wines 395 
 
 Increase in gin 337 
 
 Total increase 20,505 
 
 Not decrease 7,ti2d,75? 
 
 SPIRITS WITHDRAWN FROM DISTILLERY WAREHOUSES UPON PAY 
 
 MENT OF TAX. 
 
 GalloDS. 
 The quantity of spirits withdrawn from distillery warohouses upon pay- 
 ment of tax was in 1882 70,7.^0,180 
 
 And was in 1881 07,372,575 
 
 lucreaso 3,357,605 
 
 This increase is distributed as follows : 
 
 OoIloDS 
 
 Bourbon whisky , , 897, 08*} 
 
 Rye whisky 780,111
 
 104 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Callona. 
 
 Gin 0(3; 607 
 
 Pure, lUMitral, or cologne 8i>irits 3,8DG, 015 
 
 MiBcclliflueous 1, 332, 708 
 
 Total increase 0,971,529 
 
 Gallona. 
 
 Decrease in witlulrawals of high wines 3,224,977 
 
 Decrease in withdrawals of alcohol 373,715 
 
 Decrease in wit hdrawals of rum 15, 232 
 
 Total decrease ^^ 3,013,924 
 
 Net increase in withdrawals upon payment of tax 3,357,605 
 
 BPIRITS WITHDRAWN FROM WAREHOUSES FOR SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES, 
 AND FOR USE OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The quaiitity of alcoLol withdrawn free of tax from distillery ware- 
 houses for the use of colleges and other institutions of learning in the 
 l)reservation of specimens of natural history in their several museums, 
 or for use in their chemical laboratories, and of spirits of various kinds 
 for use of the United States, amounted during the year to 14,048 gal- 
 lons, or 10,854 gallons less than the quantity withdrawn during the 
 previous year. 
 
 SPIRITS WITHDRAWN FOR TRANSFER TO MANUFACTURING WARE- 
 HOUSES. 
 
 The quantity of spirits withdrawn free of tax from distillery ware- 
 houses for transfer to warehouses established at ports of entry for the 
 manufacture of certain articles exclusively for exportation (see sec. 3433 
 E. S., and sec. 14, act of May 28, 1880), amounted during the year to 
 213,322 gallons, or 7,494 gallons more than the quantity withdrawn dur- 
 ing the i)recediug year. The spirits withdrawn consisted of two varie- 
 ties, as follows : 
 
 Grallons. 
 
 Alcohol 163,556 
 
 Pure neutral or cologne spirits 49, 766 
 
 ' Total 213,322 
 
 SPIRITS REMAINING IN WAREHOUSES AT THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR. 
 
 In my report for the year ended June 30, 1879, it was shown that the 
 quantity (19,212,470 gallons) in warehouses June 30, 1879, exceeded the 
 quantity in warehouse at the close of any ijrecediug fiscal year. This 
 quantity, however, was much exceeded by the quantity (31,303,869 gal- 
 lons) remaining in warehouse June 30, 1880, which latter quantity is 
 more than doubled bv the quantity (04,048,111 gallons) in warehouse 
 June 30, 1881, and more than tr?;bled by the quantity (89,902,045 gal- 
 lons) in warehouse June 30, 1882. 
 
 The following table shows the quantity remaining in distillery ware- 
 houses at the close of each of the thirteen fiscal years during which 
 spirits have been stored in such warehouses : 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Quantity remaining June 30, 1869 16. 6S5, 166 
 
 Quantity remaining Juno 30,1870 11,671,886 
 
 Quantity remaining June 30, 1871 6,744,360 
 
 Quantity remaining June 30,1872 10,103,392 
 
 Quantity remaining June 30,1873 14,650, 148 
 
 Quantity remainLug June 30,1874 . . 15,575,224
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 105 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Quantity remaining Jnno 30, 1P75 13,179,596 
 
 Quantity remaining Juno 30, 1876 12,595, 850 
 
 Quantity remaining June 30, 1877 13,091,773 
 
 Ouantitv remaining June 30,1878 14,088,773 
 
 Quantity remaining June 30, 1879 19,212,470 
 
 Quantity remaining June 30,1880 31,363,869 
 
 Quantity remaining June 30,1861 64,648,111 
 
 Quantity remaining June 30, 1882 69,962,645 
 
 WITHDRAWALS OF PRODUCTS, BY MONTHS. * 
 
 The quantity of each month's product of spirits in warehouse July 1, 
 1881, which was withdrawn durinj;- the year ended June 30, 1882, is 
 shown in the following tabular statement : 
 
 Product of the montli of— 
 
 In warehouse 
 July 1, 1881. 
 
 Withdrawn dur- 
 ing year ended 
 June 30, 1882. 
 
 Boroaining in 
 warehouse 
 Jane 30,1882. 
 
 1878. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 4,387 
 31,490 
 13.386 
 5,815 
 10, 051 
 37, C92 
 113, 832 
 191, 975 
 
 29n. 853 
 37.), 408 
 442, 079 
 557, 035 
 620, 089 
 424, CG2 
 207, 023 
 
 134, one 
 
 193,017 
 
 307, 481 
 
 045, 835 
 
 1, 081, 193 
 
 1,453,477 
 1,723,312 
 2,316,138 
 2, 048, 272 
 2, 71.5, 802 
 
 2, 335, 213 
 1, 409, 077 
 
 53.-^ Ki- 
 
 891. 402 
 
 2,001.090 
 
 3, 087, 740 
 
 4, 300, 870 
 
 4, 329, 474 
 4,81.5,051 
 0,121,991 
 0,397.1.^8 
 0, 2'^7, O.'-G 
 .5,510,934 
 
 Gallom. 
 
 4,387 
 31,496 
 13, 38C 
 .5. 815 
 10, 651 
 37, 692 
 11% 832 
 191,975 
 
 299, 853 
 379, 408 
 442, 079 
 557, 035 
 610, 824 
 252. 644 
 112,878 
 75,913 
 85, 800 
 102, 740 
 250, 096 
 429, C85 
 
 486, 9C8 
 .529. 3(13 
 728, ,537 
 775, 570 
 775, 085 
 749, 374 
 347, 122 
 140, 984 
 238, 5.34 
 303, 805 
 560, 281 
 752,608 
 
 722,4.55 
 912, .5.-.5 
 1,130,714 
 1, 167, 008 
 1, 102, 471 
 1, 149, 058 
 
 GalUms. 
 
 
 
 July 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1870. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 May 
 
 15,265 
 
 
 172, 018 
 
 
 94,145 
 
 
 58, 093 
 
 
 107,157 
 
 
 204,741 
 
 
 395, 739 
 
 
 051,508 
 
 1860. 
 
 966,509 
 
 
 1, 194. 009 
 
 
 1, 587, 601 
 
 April 
 
 1. 872, 702 
 
 May 
 
 1, 940, 717 
 
 
 1, 585, 839 
 
 July 
 
 1, 062. 555 
 
 
 394, 853 
 
 
 652, 928 
 
 
 1, 637, 231 
 
 
 2, 527. 405 
 
 
 3, 548, 263 
 
 
 3, C(>7, 019 
 
 
 3, 9112, 496 
 
 
 4, 991, 277 
 
 April 
 
 5, 230. 180 
 
 
 .5,184,585 
 
 
 4,301,870 
 
 
 
 Total ... 
 
 W, 048, 111 
 
 16, 700, 741 
 
 47, 947. 370 
 
 
 
 INCREASE OF SPIRI 
 
 TS IN WAR 
 
 EHOUSE. 
 
 
 More than seven-tenths of the spirits roniaininjr in warehouse June 
 30, 1882 (63,011,282 gallons out of 89,002,015 gallons) was bourbon
 
 106 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 whisky. Tlierc was au increase in the quantity in \vare])0U8e June 30, 
 1882, over the quantity in warehouse June 30, 1881, of 25,314,534 gal- 
 lons, distributed among all kinds known to the trade, except alcohol, as 
 follows : 
 
 GiillonB. 
 
 Increase in bourbon whisky - 19, 4.'rj, 406 
 
 Increase in rye wliiaky 4,742,724 
 
 Increase in rum 19, .'J94 
 
 Increase iiif^iii 4, 5.'j4 
 
 Increase in liij;li wines 25,289 
 
 Increase in pure neutral, or cologne, spirits . 500, 740 
 
 Increase in miscellaneous . 581,087 
 
 25, 3(J9, 994 
 Less decrease in alcohol 55,400 
 
 Net increase 25,314,534 
 
 SPIEITS REMOVED IN BOND FOR EXPORT. 
 
 The following statement shows the quantity and percentage of pro- 
 duction of distilled spirits removed in bond for export during each fiscal 
 year since the passage of the act of June 6, 1872 : 
 
 Tear. 
 
 Taxable (proof) 
 gallons ex- 
 ported. 
 
 Percentage 
 of produc- 
 tion. 
 
 1873 
 
 2, 358, 630 
 
 4, 060, 160 
 587, 413 
 
 1, 308, 9t10 
 
 2, 529, r>28 
 
 5, 49r>, 252 
 
 14, 837, 581 
 16, 765, 666 
 
 15, 921, 482 
 8, 092, 725 
 
 3.45+ 
 5. 90+ 
 0. 90-)- 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 2. 2.Vf 
 
 1877 
 
 4.22f 
 9. 80-f- 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 20. S3-j- 
 
 1880 .. .. 
 
 18. .55+ 
 
 1881 
 
 13. 52 + 
 
 1882 
 
 7.64+ 
 
 
 
 SPIRITS WITHDRAWN FOR EXPORT DURING FIRST FOUR MONTHS OF 
 PRESENT FISCAL YEAR. 
 
 Following is a statement showing, by districts, the number of gallons 
 of each kind of spirits removed for export during the first four mouths 
 of the present fiscal year: 
 
 Districts. 
 
 Alcoliol. 
 
 Pure, neu- 
 tral, or 
 cologne 
 spirits. 
 
 Kuui. 
 
 Bonrbon 
 ■whisky. 
 
 Rye 
 whisky. 
 
 Miscella- 
 neous. 
 
 Ilrst CalifoTni.T, 
 
 Oallons. 
 
 Oallons. 
 2,289 
 
 Oallons. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Oallonx. 
 a 237 
 
 Pifth Illinois ... . ... . 
 
 30, 388 
 17, 136 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 62,576 
 
 
 
 
 878 
 1,189 
 2. 416 
 
 694 
 
 
 
 Pil'th Kentucky ' 
 
 
 
 
 588 
 
 
 Sixth KinitiickV 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '" li,'236 
 
 
 
 Tbud Maryland ." 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 71 , 063 
 337, 868 
 
 
 
 Fifth Ma.ssachii.sctta 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10, 619 
 3,772 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 47, 524 
 
 2,289 
 
 409, 531 
 
 6,207 
 
 26, 209 
 
 2,813 
 
 
 
 a Wheat whisky. 
 
 6 High-proof spirits.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY 107 
 
 SPIRITS IN DISTILLERY WAREHOUSES NOVEMBER 1, 1881 and 1882. 
 
 Following is a statement of the quantities of spirits remaining in dis- 
 tillery warehouses November 1, 1881 and 1882 : 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 District. 
 
 tjt'conrl Alabama 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 First California 
 
 Coliirailo 
 
 First Connocticnt 
 
 Sccoud Counectitut 
 
 Second Georgia 
 
 Tliird Georgia 
 
 Idaho 
 
 First Illinoia 
 
 Second Illinois 
 
 Tliird ni iiiois 
 
 Fointli Illinois 
 
 Filtli lllincds 
 
 Eit:litb Illinois 
 
 Thirteenth Illinois 
 
 First Indiana 
 
 Fonrth Indiana 
 
 Sixth Indiana 
 
 Seventh Indiana 
 
 Eleventh Indiana 
 
 Second Iowa 
 
 Fifth Iowa 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Second Kentucky 
 
 Fifth Kentucky 
 
 Sixth Kentucky 
 
 Seventh Kentucky 
 
 Ei^rlith Kentucky 
 
 Ninth Kentucky 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Third Maryland 
 
 Fourth Maryland 
 
 Third Massachusetts 
 
 Fifth Massachusetts 
 
 Tenth Massachusetta 
 
 F'irst Missouri 
 
 Second ilissouri 
 
 Fourth Missouri , 
 
 Fifth Missouri 
 
 Si'xih jilissouri 
 
 Kebraska 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 Third New Jersey 
 
 First New York 
 
 Twenty-lirst New York 
 
 Twenty-fourth New York 
 
 Thirtieth Now York 
 
 Second North Carolina 
 
 Fourth North Carolina 
 
 Fifth North Carolina 
 
 Sixth North Carolina 
 
 First Ohio 
 
 Third Ohio 
 
 Fourth Ohio 
 
 SixthOhio 
 
 Seventh Ohio 
 
 Tenth Ohio 
 
 Eleventh Oliio 
 
 Fifteenth Ohio 
 
 Eighteonth Ohio 
 
 First Pennsylvania 
 
 Eisihth I'c iiiiHylviinia 
 
 Ninth I'ennsylvania 
 
 Twelflh I'eniiHylvaiiia 
 
 Fourteenth I'ennsv Ivania 
 
 Sixteenth l'enns\ Ivaniii 
 
 Twentieth rennsvlvania 
 
 Twenty-second I'ennsylvnnia. 
 Twenty-third Pennsylvania .. 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Second Tennessee 
 
 Fifth Tennessee 
 
 21, 261 
 
 1,415 
 
 5,508 
 
 120, 1G2 
 
 57, 8;i9 
 
 19, 4.^5 
 
 43, 5G7 
 
 592, 421 
 
 C^, 745 
 
 2, 4;!l 
 33, 769 
 
 625, 804 
 3D, 313 
 186, 298 
 
 3, 663 
 3,196 
 1,500 
 
 28,319 
 721,493 
 820, 752 
 150, 865 
 397, 751 
 181, 288 
 372, 511 
 
 589. 747 
 
 133,959 
 
 114,976 
 
 299, 102 
 
 32, 176 
 
 70, 534 
 
 12, 380 
 
 7,721 
 
 3,107 
 
 112, 870 
 
 198, 21-4 
 
 29,712 
 
 187, 65 1 
 
 32, 359 
 
 23,461 
 
 4,295 
 
 220, 910 
 
 1,726 
 
 3,053 
 
 47, 231 
 
 85, 173 
 
 550, 850 
 
 65-2, 224 
 
 64, 902 
 
 frJS, 239 
 
 53. 1«50 
 
 205, i:i9 
 
 89, 607 
 
 11,738 
 
 11,259 
 
 701, 044 
 
 41.439 
 
 132, .532 
 
 9.516 
 
 109.373 
 
 ItlX. 852 
 
 29, 141 
 
 422, 3(t4 
 
 069, 500 
 
 5, 677 
 
 10, 006 
 
 , 424, 392 
 
 15,394 
 
 11, 477 
 
 543 
 
 6.894 
 
 1, 180, 256 
 
 67, 375 
 
 50,334 
 
 841.589 
 
 53,605 
 
 1, 224 
 
 39, 312 
 
 1, 408, 538 
 
 22, 457 
 
 131,141 
 
 2,573 
 
 1,973 
 
 22, 502 
 
 34, 067 
 
 7, 580, 853 
 
 80, 567. 253 
 
 5. 47(1, 604 
 
 13, 928, 212 
 
 1, 503, 460 
 
 484, 087 
 
 3,851,107 
 
 169, 900 
 
 121, 276 
 
 3(19. 053 
 
 40,388 
 
 35. 485 
 
 0.025 
 
 4.240 
 
 2,525 
 
 114.182 
 
 19.% 203 
 
 31.490 
 
 191. 978 
 
 64,405 
 
 19,188 
 
 1, no 
 
 260,363 
 
 5.53 
 
 1,831 
 
 12, 639 
 
 73, 386 
 
 1,384,717 
 
 55.5, 517 
 
 6.5, 178 
 
 681.734 
 
 4.5. 858 
 
 244,417 
 
 89.047 
 
 5.8.t;i 
 
 16. 670 
 
 817,039 
 
 41,858 
 
 200,919 
 
 13. 337 
 
 178, 099 
 
 137. 678 
 
 32, 121 
 
 5, 367, 879 
 
 2, 675. 320 
 
 2,587 
 
 4.283 
 
 1, 355, 4U3
 
 108 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 
 District. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 3,089 
 
 8, 398 
 
 95 
 
 810 
 
 0,749 
 
 171, 548 
 
 854,913 
 
 50, 940 
 
 155 
 
 2,807 
 
 
 5,713 
 721 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,094 
 187, 945 
 
 
 
 981, 881 
 
 
 129, 191 
 
 
 539 
 
 
 
 
 Totul 
 
 67, 442, 180 
 
 84, 628, 331 
 
 
 USE OF ALCOHOL IN THE ARTS AND MANUFACTURES. 
 
 The subjoined statement of alcohol used in the arts and manufactures 
 is prepared from statements of collectors i)rocured when the question 
 of using such spirits for the purpose stated free of tax was under con- 
 sideration during the first session of the Forty-seventh Congress. (See 
 pages 31 and 32, Xo. 152, Yol. 13, Congressional Kecord.) 
 
 STATEMENT hi DISTEICTS, and in PnOOF-GALLONS, of the QUANTITY of 
 ALCOHOL USED in the ARTS and MANUFACTURES durinq the year ended April 
 \, 18H2; uUo the QUANTITY ESTIMATED which WOULD HAVE BEEN USED 
 in CASE the TAX ViERE 50 CENTS PER GALLON, and in CASE THERE 
 WERE NO TAX. 
 
 
 Quantity 
 
 used and estimated. 
 
 
 District and State. 
 
 Actually 
 used. 
 
 Estim,ites. 
 
 Ey -n-bom used. 
 
 
 At50cts. 
 tax. 
 
 At no tax. 
 
 
 
 4,900 
 10, 000 
 
 i,:m 
 
 200 
 5,000 
 16, 800 
 75, 309 
 7, 832 
 4,000 
 6,200 
 
 7,994 
 
 15, 000 
 
 1, 308 
 
 200 
 
 5,000 
 
 21, 000 
 
 111, 953 
 
 9,148 
 
 4,000 
 
 7,512 
 
 13, 235 
 
 20, 000 
 
 1, 308 
 
 200 
 
 5, 000 
 
 33, COO 
 
 198, 026 
 
 13,045 
 
 4 000 
 
 8,138 
 
 Chemists, druggists, pbotograpbers. 
 
 2. Alabama 
 
 
 xVpotbecaries, pbotograpbers, painters. 
 
 Xot stated. 
 
 Central Pacific Kailroad Company and otbera. 
 
 Xot stated. 
 
 j^ot stated. 
 
 Arkausaa 
 
 4. California 
 
 1. Connecticut 
 
 2. Connecticut 
 
 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Florida 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 None, except small quantity by druggists. 
 Druggists. 
 
 Druggists, pbotograpbers, tobacco manufact- 
 ui-ers. 
 
 
 9, 362 
 43, 350 
 
 400 
 41, 917 
 
 IG, 500 
 21, 757 
 
 5, 000 
 20, 000 
 13, 812 
 
 6, 000 
 15, 511 
 
 4,000 
 50, 000 
 16,948 
 39, 067 
 
 12, ."-lOO 
 10, 000 
 
 14, 418 
 43,350 
 
 400 
 43, 777 
 
 16, 500 
 
 22, 241 
 
 5,500 
 
 20, 000 
 
 15, 867 
 6,000 
 
 21, 472 
 
 4,000 
 62, 500 
 20,116 
 44,209 
 
 12, 500 
 10, 000 
 
 22, 425 
 54, 187 
 
 400 
 46, 730 
 
 16, 500 
 
 23, 341 
 5,500 
 
 20, 000 
 
 18, 032 
 
 6, 000 
 
 40, 338 
 
 4,000 
 75, 000 
 22, 5:i8 
 48, 160 
 
 12 .-.00 
 10 000 
 
 
 
 
 Cbemists. druggists ; varnish, tobacco, -white lead, 
 
 and bat manufacturers, and,pbotographei-3. 
 Not stated 
 
 
 4. llliuoia 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 7. Illinois 
 
 
 8. Illinois 
 
 
 13. Illinois 
 
 
 
 70 per cent, by drnggi.sts in making tinctures; 
 balance by manufacturers of furniture, ma- 
 chinery, photographs, and hats. 
 
 
 
 Not stated 
 
 
 
 10. Indiana 
 
 11. Indi.ina 
 
 2. Iowa 
 
 liailroads, machinists, brass founders, carriage 
 mamil'acturers, druggists, pbotogi'aphers, per- 
 fumer.s. chemists, plumbers. 
 
 Not stJit<d. 
 
 Druggists, pbotograpbers, and manufacturers of 
 paints, oils and tlavorui«; extracts, &.C
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, 109 
 
 STATEMENT hj DISTRICTS and PROOF-GALLONS, ^-c— Continued. 
 
 District and State. 
 
 Quantity used and estimated. 
 
 Actually 
 used. 
 
 Estimates. 
 
 At 50 cts. 
 tax. 
 
 At no tax. 
 
 By whom used. 
 
 3. lo-wa . 
 
 Iowa ... 
 Iowa ... 
 KansaH. 
 Kentucky. 
 Keutuc'kv- 
 
 6. Kentucky. 
 
 7. Kentucky. 
 
 8. Kentucky. 
 
 9. Kentucky. 
 Louisiami. 
 
 Maine 
 
 3. Maryland 
 
 4. Maryland 
 
 3. Massachusetts . 
 
 5. Massachusetts . 
 
 10. Massachusetts. 
 1. Michigan 
 
 3. Michiu.in 
 
 4. Micliifiim 
 
 6. Michiu'rtn 
 
 1. Minnesota 
 
 2. Minnesota 
 
 1. Missouri 
 
 2. Missouri . 
 
 4. Missouri . 
 
 5. Missouri . 
 
 6. Missouri 
 
 Montana 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Kew Hampshire 
 
 Nevada 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 Now York 
 
 2. Ne-wTork 
 
 3. Now York 
 
 11. New York 
 
 12. Now York.... 
 
 14. New York 
 
 1.5. Now York 
 
 21. Now York 
 
 24. New York 
 
 26. Now York 
 
 28. New York 
 
 30. New York 
 
 2. North Carolina.. 
 
 4. North Carolina.. 
 
 5. North Carolina. . 
 1. Ohio 
 
 3. Ohio 
 
 4. Ohio 
 
 e. Ohio 
 
 7. Ohio 
 
 10. Ohio , 
 
 1... Ohio 
 
 18. Ohio 
 
 1. reunsylvania .. 
 
 119, 304 
 
 SO, 000 
 0,170 
 12, 000 
 
 149, 594 
 
 30, 000 
 
 6,170 
 
 12, 000 
 
 25, 000 
 2,000 
 
 3,320 
 
 30, 000 
 2,000 
 
 3,320 
 
 2,000 
 58, 500 
 
 130, 000 
 169, 890 
 
 3, 328 
 732, COO 
 250, 000 
 
 104, 3.i0 
 
 ILf, 24.'? 
 
 7,000 
 
 10, 000 
 
 3."), OCO 
 
 11,280 
 
 i:;, i!)0 
 
 217, 100 
 
 4,000 
 2, 072 
 
 10, 892 
 
 14, 800 
 1,500 
 1,500 
 
 67, 500 
 
 1,500 
 1,000 
 
 4, .'>00 
 83, 0C7 
 
 1, 000 
 137, 240 
 
 365, OCO 
 
 5.-., 422 
 
 35, 229 
 
 28, 000 
 
 V6:>, 000 
 
 fi, 000 
 
 4,500 
 
 (i, 0I'4 
 
 1, 800 
 
 70, 000 
 
 37, 104 
 
 2,310 
 
 3,790 
 
 350 
 
 73, 297 
 
 10,405 
 
 11,281 
 
 2,818 
 
 8,840 
 
 6,000 
 
 5,000 
 
 65. 135 
 
 150, 000 
 
 2,000 
 62, 450 
 
 130, 300 
 226, 520 
 4, 303 
 709, 230 
 275, 000 
 
 104, 550 
 
 150, 993 
 
 7,000 
 
 10, 000 
 
 38, 500 
 
 11,280 
 
 17, 000 
 
 352, 600 
 
 4,000 
 2, 400 
 11, 852 
 
 14, 920 
 1, 500 
 1, 500 
 
 67, 500 
 
 1,500 
 1,000 
 4, 500 
 
 312, 443 
 1,700 
 
 149, 840 
 
 356, 000 
 
 !5."), 422 
 
 44,036 
 
 36, 000 
 
 200, 000 
 
 6, 000 
 
 .5, 000 
 
 7,544 
 
 1,800 
 
 85,000 
 
 45, .TO8 
 
 2, 425 
 
 4,737 
 
 350 
 
 118, 241 
 
 1.% 960 
 
 11,847 
 
 2,818 
 
 8, 840 
 
 8,000 
 
 .<>, 000 
 
 195, 609 
 
 195, 000 
 
 191, 978 
 
 30,000 
 
 6,170 
 
 12, 000 
 
 7.'), 000 
 2,000 
 
 2,000 
 308, 450 
 
 1.31, 800 
 330, 780 
 5, .59(5 
 805, 800 
 400, 000 
 
 lOe, 350 
 
 198, 178 
 
 7,000 
 
 10. 000 
 
 46, 667 
 
 11,280 
 
 2.5, 000 
 
 628, 100 
 
 4,000 
 2, 850 
 12, 502 
 
 18, 870 
 1,500 
 1,500 
 
 67, 500 
 
 1,500 
 1,000 
 4,500 
 
 390, 977 
 2, 000 
 
 184, 000 
 
 494, 000 
 
 83, 133 
 
 52, 843 
 
 50, 000 
 
 275, 000 
 
 6,000 
 
 5, 000 
 
 14. 044 
 
 1, 800 
 
 100, 000 
 
 12.5. 000 
 
 2. 772 
 
 7,580 
 
 700 
 
 247, 978 
 
 20, 720 
 
 1.5, 290 
 
 2,828 
 
 8,840 
 
 10, Olio 
 
 10,000 
 
 2^0, .544 
 
 195 000 
 
 Four wholesale and 291 retail druggists and 180 
 photosraphers. 
 
 Not stated. ^ 
 
 Ninety druggists. 
 
 Druggists. 
 
 None. 
 
 Fifty leading business men. 
 
 Mo.stly by dniggists in quantity, and by tobacco 
 manufacturers trjtllng. 
 
 Eighty-three " pLices," principally druggists. 
 
 None." 
 
 Druggists and others. 
 
 Druggists, perfumers, photographers, and to- 
 bacco manufacturers. 
 
 Di-nggists and 1 varnish mannfactiu'er. 
 
 Druggists and others. 
 
 Druggists and others. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Tobacco manufacturers, chemists, dmgg;i8ts, pho- 
 tographers, &.C. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Manufacturing chemists principally. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 No large manufacturers using alcoboL 
 
 Retail druggists and photographers. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Chemist.s, druggists, photographers; tobacco, 
 vinegar, paints, hats, flaToring extracts. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Druggists, photographers, tobacco manufactu- 
 rers. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Druggists and photographers. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 About 6,500 gallons by painters, photographers, 
 and manufacturers ; balance by druggists. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Druggists, photographers, &0. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Chemists, dniggists, hatters, photographers : to- 
 bacco, picturo-frame-vami.sh manufacturers. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Druggist.s and varnish manufacturers. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Druggists ; no large manufacturers. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Patentniedicine and perfumery manufacturers, 
 and small lots l>v hatters, tobacco manofact 
 urers, photographers. <fcc. 
 
 Manufacturers of medicines, vinegar, &c. 
 
 Not Htale<l. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Tobacco manufacturers, pliotographors, mann- 
 fiicturing chemists, druggists, hat m.nnufact- 
 iirers, varnish manufacturcr.s, furniture, pic- 
 ture-frames, 4:0. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Di iiggists and manufacturers. 
 
 Druggists nud one paint factory. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Not staled. 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 Not Rt.Tted. 
 
 Maiiiifiicfuring chemist.s. white-lead mannf.ict- 
 urrr.s, druggists, ic. Druggists and chemist* 
 30,000, hat uauufacturora.
 
 110 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 STATEMENT hy DISTRICTS and FROOF-GALLONS, <fc.— Continued. 
 
 
 Quantity 
 
 used and estimated. 
 
 
 District and State. 
 
 
 Estimated. 
 
 By whom used. 
 
 
 Actually 
 used. 
 
 
 
 
 
 At 50 cts. 
 tax. 
 
 At no tax. 
 
 
 8. Pennsylvania 
 
 35, 000 
 
 35, 000 
 
 52, 500 
 
 Photographers, machinists, plumbers. 
 
 9. Ponnsylvauia 
 
 8,000 
 
 8,000 
 
 10, 000 
 
 Druggists, photographeis, varnish manufactu- 
 rers. 
 Not stated. 
 
 12. Pennflvlvania 
 
 19, 454 
 
 26, 003 
 
 35, 897 
 
 14. Ponn.'ivlvania 
 
 7, 083 
 
 8,000 
 
 10, 000 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 16. TiMinsvlvnuia 
 
 7,774 
 
 8, 551 
 
 8, 551 
 
 Not st.ated. 
 
 19. Pi ini-sylvaiiia 
 
 15, 500 
 
 1.5, .500 
 
 15, 500 
 
 Druggists, perfumers, &c. 
 
 20. PcniiH^Kania 
 
 23, 200 
 
 23, 200 
 
 23, 200 
 
 Druggists, artists, &.C. 
 
 22. Ponnsvlvania 
 
 260 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 One tobacco manufacturer. 
 
 3ilio(le Island 
 
 150, 000 
 
 150, 000 
 
 150, 000 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 South Carolina.. . 
 
 4.50 
 
 450 
 
 4.50 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 2. Tennessee 
 
 15, 000 
 
 1.5, 000 
 
 1.5, 000 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 5. Tennessee 
 
 19, 625 
 
 30, 000 
 
 100, 000 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 8. Tennessee 
 
 l.-), 000 
 
 17, 000 
 
 20, 000 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 1 Texas 
 
 5,000 
 200 
 
 5, 000 
 200 
 
 5, 000 
 200 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 3. Texas 
 
 Hatters and photographers. 
 
 4. Texas 
 
 8,351 
 
 8,351 
 
 8,351 
 
 One hundred and sixty-five druggists and pho 
 
 
 
 tographers. 
 
 XTtali 
 
 8 000 
 
 8,000 
 
 8,000 
 
 Photographers and druggists. 
 Not stat<'<l. 
 
 
 19 306 
 
 19, 306 
 
 19, 306 
 
 
 7, 622 
 14, 120 
 
 10, 000 
 14, 120 
 
 14, (100 
 17, 650 
 
 
 3. Virgiiiia 
 
 Druegists and photographers, besides tobacco 
 
 
 
 
 
 and cigar manufacturers, used 13,400 rum and 
 
 
 
 
 
 rectified spirits. 
 
 
 600 
 
 600 
 
 700 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 5. Virginia 
 
 2,800 
 
 4,200 
 
 5,000 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 
 3,117 
 11, 000 
 
 4, 026 
 11,000 
 
 4,601 
 11, 000 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 1. "West Virginia ... 
 
 Druggists, 10,000; others, 1,000. 
 
 2. "West Virginia . . . 
 
 3, 500 
 
 3, 500 
 
 4,375 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 1. "Wisconsin 
 
 2, 000 
 
 2,000 
 
 2, 000 
 
 Wholesale druggists and others. 
 
 2. Wisconsin 
 
 20, .580 
 
 20, 580 
 
 21,080 
 
 Druggists and perfumers. 
 
 3. Wisconsin 
 
 9, 250 
 
 12, 100 
 
 15, 300 
 
 Not stated. 
 
 6. "Wisconsin 
 
 10, 000 
 
 10, 000 
 
 10, 000 
 
 Manufacturing chemists, druggists, tobacco man- 
 ufacturers, &c. 
 
 "Wyoming 
 
 2,000 
 
 2,500 
 
 2,750 
 
 Druggists and photographers. 
 
 Total 
 
 4, 269, 978 
 
 5, 397, 224 
 
 7, 367, 594 
 
 
 OPERATIONS AT SPECIAL BONDED WAREHOUSES FOR STORAGE OF 
 
 GRAPE BRANDY. 
 
 The following statement shows the quantity of grape brandy placed in 
 special bonded warehouses, withdrawn therefrom, and remaining therein 
 at the beginning and close of the fiscal year ended June 30, ISSU, in tax- 
 able gallons : 
 
 Gallons. Gallons. Gallona. 
 Remaining in "wareliouse July 1, 1881; 
 
 First district of California 136, 174 
 
 Fourtli district of California 80, 475 
 
 216,649 
 
 Removed for exportation and nnaccounted for July 1, 1881 : 
 
 First district of California 67.'S 
 
 217,324 
 
 Produced and bonded during the year: 
 
 Produced and warehoused in first district 145,892 
 
 Produced in fourth and "warehoused in first district 45, 614 
 
 Produced and "warehoused in fourth district 190, 319 
 
 ; — 381, 8C5 
 
 Increase by re-gange in fourth district 2 
 
 Transferred from first district to fourth district 4, 999 
 
 Transferred from fourth district to first district 10, 877 
 
 15, 876 
 
 397,703 
 
 615, 027 
 
 Exported and accounted for during the year: 
 First district of California 
 
 463
 
 EEFORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Reinoved tax-paid dnriug tho year : Gallona. Gallons. Gallons. 
 
 First district of Calif-^rnia 10-4,907 
 
 Fourtli district of California 59,717 
 
 168,624 
 
 Loss by re-gauge, act of May 23, 1880: 
 
 First district of California 3, 3.'>1 
 
 Fourth district of California 2, 216 
 
 5, 567 
 
 Transferred from first to fourth district 4, 999 
 
 Transferred from fourth to first district 10, 877 
 
 15,876 
 
 Removed for exportation and unaccounted for June 30, 1882: 
 
 First district of California 825 
 
 Remaining in warehouse June 30, 1882: 
 
 First district of California 220,687 
 
 Fouith district of California 202,985 
 
 423,672 
 
 190, 630 
 
 424, 497 
 615, 027 
 
 Of the 381,825 gallons ^ape brandy bonded during the last fiscal year 
 145,892 gallons Avere i.ioduced in tlie first district and 235,033 gallons in 
 the fourth district of California. The total product was 141,701 gallons 
 more than in the previous year, while the amount removed tax-paid was 
 27,155 gallons larger than in 1881. 
 
 Of the quantity in warehouse June 30, 1882, 220,087 gallons were in 
 the following warehouses in the first district of California : GaUons. 
 
 No. 1. Bode &- Danforth, at San Francisco 153,587 
 
 No. 2. Juan Bernard, at Los Angeles 47,203 
 
 No. 3. G. C. Carlon, at Stockton 19,897 
 
 and 202,985 gallons were in the following-named warehouses in the 
 fourth district of California : GaiionB. 
 
 No. 1. George Lichtliardt, at Sacramento 100,936 
 
 No. 2. J.F. Boyce, at Santa Rosa 28,326 
 
 No. 3. H.J. Lowell ing, at Saint Helena 58,764 
 
 No. 4. John Tivneu, at Sonoma 14,956 
 
 NUjMBER of breweries and number of RECTIFIERS. 
 
 The following statement shows, by States and Territories, the number 
 of breweries and rectifiers in the United States : 
 
 States. 
 
 1i 
 
 
 
 n 
 ^2 
 
 States. 
 
 1i 
 
 (C 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 41 
 
 5 
 
 53 
 
 6 
 
 349 
 
 1 
 
 177 
 
 43 
 
 328 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 18 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 15 
 I 
 
 
 241 
 
 34 
 
 24 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 92 
 8 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 204 
 
 
 
 
 Ohi 
 
 107 
 
 
 i 
 
 17 
 130 
 68 
 123 
 21 
 34 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 0.5 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 .•>3 
 
 20 
 
 
 5 
 
 Iilalio 
 
 
 208 
 
 
 
 8 
 1 
 
 
 South ('aiolina 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 Utab 
 
 2 
 
 
 Vnrniout 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 214 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 
 71 
 
 30 
 1:14 
 111) 
 
 07 
 4<> 
 12 
 14 
 1 
 05 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 Wyominf; 
 
 
 
 ' Total 
 
 
 
 72 
 
 2,557 
 
 1 157 
 
 

 
 112 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 EXPORTS, DRAWBACKS, BANKS, AND ASSESSMENTS. 
 
 The subjoined tables give details of tbe exportation of the different 
 articles subject to internal-revenue taxation, of the amount of drawback 
 allowed, of the capital and deposits of banks and the assessments made 
 thereon, and of the assessments made in regard to other objects of taxa- 
 tion. 
 
 EXPORTATION OF MATCHES. 
 
 The exportation of friction matches, proprietary articles, &c., under 
 section It) of the act of March 1, 187D, has been as follows: 
 
 NnmLer of 
 articles. 
 
 Amonnt of 
 tax. 
 
 Remaining nnacconnted for Juno 30, 1881.. . 
 Booded during tlie year ended June 30, 1882 
 
 Exported during the year 
 
 Bemainiiig unaccounted for June 30, 1882.. . 
 
 235,716 $2,723 52 
 
 36, 066, 221 377, 269 54 
 
 36, 301, 937 379, 993 08 
 
 35, 974, 874 
 327, 063 
 
 36,301,937 
 
 379, 993 06 
 
 DRAWBACK. 
 
 Follo-wing is a statement of drawback of internal-revenue taxes al- 
 lowed on exported merchandise during the fiscal year 1882 : 
 
 Port. 
 
 1 
 
 Cm 
 O 
 
 P4 
 
 Tobacco. 
 
 Cigars. 
 
 o . 
 
 2 § 
 
 StiUs. 
 
 5 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 24 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 21 
 
 695 
 
 32 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 89 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 $1, 106 14 
 433 52 
 
 $35 20 
 
 $96 25 
 
 
 
 
 $1,237 59 
 452 43 
 
 
 $18 96 
 
 46 25 
 
 698 39 
 
 1, 505 72 
 
 917 73 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 46 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 698 39 
 
 
 29, 805 66 
 
 336 40 
 
 
 $20 66 ii- 049 40 
 
 32,717 18 
 917 73 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1, 220 40 
 258 10 
 774 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 1, 220 40 
 258 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4, 697 76 
 
 i, 309 87 
 
 
 40 00 
 
 917 10 
 
 7, 738 87 
 726 13 
 
 
 726 13 
 
 Suspension Bridge 
 
 12 96 
 84 24 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 96 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 84 24 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total -^ 
 
 909 
 
 33, 695 22 
 
 5, 069 36 
 
 1, 406 12 
 
 3, 913 18 
 
 60 00 
 
 1,966 50 
 
 46. no SS 
 
 
 
 Allowed 1881 
 
 749 
 
 28, 483 87 1 8. 596 BO 
 
 1,232 43 
 
 1, 128 38 1 220 00 
 
 1, 161 90 1 40. 849 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In connection with the foregoing statement I have to renew the recom- 
 mendation made in my previous reports (1880, 1881), that section 3244, 
 Bev. Stat., be so amended as to include distilling worms belonging to 
 stills manufactured for export, which, like stills, are subject to a tax 
 of $20 each. Also, that an appropriation be made for the payment of 
 drawback on articles exported under said section 3211, Eev. Stat. While 
 a number of claims covering stills have been allowed by this office 
 during the past three years, and by the authority conferred by section 
 3241, yet the claimants in such cases have been unable to recover the 
 amount of drawback so awarded them by this ofiice, in consequence of 
 the failure of Congress to make the necessary appropriation. While the 
 amounts due these claitnants are not large, the promise made by the 
 law to this class of tax-payers should, nevertheless, be redeemed, and 
 I urgently caU attention to this matter, in order that the payment of 
 ■the^e claims may be provided for.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 ASSESS]iIENTS ON BANK CAPITAL, AND DEPOSITS. 
 
 ii; 
 
 FollowiDg is a statement of the amount of taxes assessed on the cap- 
 ital and deposits of banks and bankers during the twelve mouths ended 
 May 31, 1882: 
 
 states and Territories. 
 
 Banks and bankers. 
 
 On capital. 
 
 Savinjrs banks. 
 
 On deposits. On capitaL On deposits. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Arizona 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 CaUlomia 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Florida 
 
 Georgia , 
 
 Idaho 
 
 llLinuia 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Maine 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Massachusetts . 
 
 Miclujian 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Montana 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Nevada 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New Mexico . . . 
 
 New York 
 
 North Carolina. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Pennsylvania . . 
 Khode Lsland... 
 South Carolina . 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Texas 
 
 Utah 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Washington 
 
 "West Virginia. . 
 
 "Wisconsin 
 
 Wj'oming 
 
 Total 
 
 $5, 839 30 
 
 6C7 03 
 
 870 (12 
 
 C5, 843 62 
 
 5, 023 87 
 
 14, 028 OG 
 
 1, 755 87 
 
 2, 757 60 
 
 017 23 
 
 17, 6.10 05 
 
 eo 18 
 
 60,904 61 
 
 18, 710 22 
 
 28,713 93 
 
 11, 563 14 
 54, 530 40 
 10, 303 88 
 
 320 33 
 14, 207 39 
 20, 003 59 
 
 14, ,549 72 
 
 15, 713 58 
 
 4, 513 64 
 47, 968 84 
 
 2, 738 92 
 G, 444 71 
 1, 1G4 45 
 
 251 07 
 
 3, 614 23 
 117 94 
 
 316, 477 65 
 
 2, 734 69 
 29, 235 54 
 
 3, 571 50 
 63,039 16 
 13, 396 90 
 
 2, 708 94 
 8, 522 25 
 22, 581 84 
 1, 709 74 
 l,.36l 5-4 
 
 12, .575 24 
 1.781 00 
 
 5, 2.35 61 
 10, 905 35 
 
 825 15 
 
 $17, 
 
 4, 
 
 3, 
 
 216, 
 
 2-1, 
 
 32, 
 
 4, 
 
 4, 
 
 4, 
 
 24, 
 
 243, 
 81, 
 
 116, 
 39, 
 85, 
 27, 
 5. 
 52, 
 89, 
 90, 
 52, 
 II, 
 
 204, 
 7, 
 20. 
 
 20, 
 
 3, 
 
 1, 202, 
 
 5, 
 
 194, 
 
 12, 
 
 443, 
 
 2.5, 
 
 8, 
 
 16, 
 
 50, 
 
 10, 
 
 12, 
 
 50, 
 
 4, 
 
 25, 
 
 103, 
 
 3, 
 
 : c"""\"[\[. 
 
 
 $6, 395 02 
 
 $42, 458 90 
 
 
 9, 016 23 
 
 
 203 02 
 
 153 28 
 
 152 84 
 '75006 
 
 442 12 
 
 638 75 
 '2,' 490 28 
 
 "isooo 
 
 2, 061 82 
 
 62 2: 
 
 1, 788 54 
 
 477 78 
 
 413 18 
 
 99 74 
 
 295 96 
 C43 72 
 407 16 
 2, 391 76 
 6i;3 44 
 
 2, 458 27 
 431 85 
 
 3, 706 87 
 
 "soc'si 
 
 4, 560 69 
 
 14, 230 99 
 
 5 71 
 
 85 75 
 913 36 
 
 934, 740 90 I 3, 727, 500 27 
 
 13, 049 45 
 
 85, 438 99 
 
 $23, 
 
 4, 
 
 4, 
 
 330, 
 
 30, 
 
 55, 
 
 4, 
 44, 
 
 305, 
 101, 
 145, 
 
 51, 
 14U, 
 
 38, 
 C, 
 
 67, 
 
 no, 
 
 10-, 
 
 68, 
 
 10, 
 
 312, 
 
 9, 
 
 26, 
 
 0, 
 
 3, 
 
 24, 
 
 3, 
 
 1, 522, 
 
 8, 
 
 224 
 
 'ie! 
 
 513, 
 53, 
 11, 
 
 73i 
 
 n, 
 
 13, 
 C.5, 
 
 6. 
 30, 
 114, 
 
 4, 
 
 787 67 
 819 56 
 546 00 
 704 51 
 377 39 
 622 70 
 850 70 
 750 66 
 
 036 86 
 217 43 
 357 28 
 614 87 
 090 82 
 
 037 54 
 416 03 
 396 88 
 131 64 
 521 85 
 2.58 36 
 352 91 
 542 26 
 721 62 
 383 56 
 870 63 
 772 79 
 474 25 
 9,54 99 
 416 31 
 
 290 78 
 909 07 
 313 29 
 367 67 
 485 29 
 416 22 
 833 10 
 219 33 
 647 20 
 079 99 
 2,>4 79 
 925 96 
 822 75 
 716 15 
 436 30 
 
 291 30 
 201 14 
 430 11 
 
 4, 761, 335 61 
 
 AVERAGE CAPITAL AND DEPOSITS FOR LAST FIVE FISCAL YEARS. 
 
 STATEMENT of the ailOSS AMOUXTS of ArEUACE CAPITAL and DEPOSITS 
 of SAVIXaS BAXKS, BAXE.'S, and B.IXKEPS, oHur lluiii XATIOXAL BAXKS, 
 for the years ended May 31, IciTH, 1-'71), IbJ^O, 18dl, and Ic;?",'. 
 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1862. 
 
 Capital of savings banks 
 
 Capital of banks and bankers.. 
 Deposit.s of savings banks.. .. 
 Deposits of banks and bankers. 
 
 $5, 6n0, 330 
 200, 897, 732 
 843,410,920 
 483, 420, 532 
 
 $3, 507, 392 
 193.781,219 
 829,912,178 
 407,001,179 
 
 $4, 004, 821 
 192, 173, 555 
 790, 704, 330 
 409,124,381 
 
 $4,187,396 
 207, 4.54, 9'J4 
 890, OOi;, 544 
 597,381,514 
 
 $3, 8.32. 828 
 224, 476, 932 
 O.'^l, 3.^0, 832 
 745, 500, 094 
 
 Total 
 
 1,539,350,514 1,434,051,808 ,1,402,007,090 11,099,090,378 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 1, 955, 190, 686 
 
 8Ab
 
 114 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 BANK CAPITAL INVESTED IN BONDS. 
 
 The I'ollowiiig is a statement of averaip^e capital and deposits of sav- 
 injj;s banks and the capital of banks and bankers other than national 
 banks invested in IJjiited States bonds, compiled froin tlie r«;tnrns of said 
 banks and bankers, for the years ended May, 1878, 1870, 1880, 1881, and 
 1882: 
 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Capital of savinfja banks 
 
 Capital of bank 9 and bankers.. 
 Deposits of savings banks 
 
 $fi01, 872 
 3G, 425, 30(J 
 121, 855, G22 
 
 $429, 791 
 40,(113,376 
 154, 847, 340 
 
 $507, 876 
 40, 371, 805 
 182, 580, 893 
 
 $812,768 
 35, O09. 939 
 194, 880, 529 
 
 $1, 102, 938 
 
 37, .527. 554 
 
 233, 673, 588 
 
 Total 
 
 158, 882, 800 
 
 195, 290, 513 
 
 223, 4C0, 634 
 
 230, 799, 236 
 
 272, 304, 080 
 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ASSESSIVEENTS. 
 
 The following table shows the assessments made by the Commissioner 
 of Internal Revenue during the fiscal years ended June 30, 1881, and 
 June 30, 1882, respectively, and the increase or decrease on each article 
 or occui)ation : 
 
 Article or occupation. 
 
 Amonnt assessed during 
 fiscal year ended — 
 
 June 30, 1881. June 30, 1882. 
 
 Fiscal year ended June 
 30, 1881. 
 
 Increase 
 over 1881. 
 
 Decrease 
 from 1881. 
 
 Tax on deficiencies in production of distnied 
 spirits 
 
 Tax on excess of materials used in the produc- 
 tion of distilled spirits 
 
 Tax on deposits and capital of banks and bank- 
 ers and of savings institutions other than nar 
 tional banks 
 
 Tax on circulation of banks and others 
 
 Tax on distilled spirits fraudulently removed 
 or seized 
 
 Tax on fermented liquors removed fcom brew- 
 ery unstamped 
 
 Tax on tobacco, snulf, and cigars removed from 
 factory iinstaniped 
 
 Tax on proprietary articles removed unstamped . 
 
 Assessed penalties 
 
 Legacies and successions 
 
 Dnassessed and unassessable penalties, inter- 
 est, taxes previously abated, conscience 
 money, and deficienoies in bonded accounts 
 ■which have been collected, interest tax on 
 distilled spirits; also, fines, penalties, and for- 
 feitures, and costs paid to collectors by order 
 of court or by order of Secretary, and unas- 
 sessable taxes recovered; also, amount of 
 penalties and interest received for validating 
 unstamped instruments (Form 58) , 
 
 Special taxes (licenses) 
 
 Tax on income and dividends 
 
 Total 
 
 $48, 494 36 
 3, 547 10 
 
 3, 9.55, 183 20 
 
 10, 788 02 
 
 40, 396 42 
 
 854 96 
 
 46, 385 27 
 
 5, 132 29 
 
 143, 863 78 
 
 63, 859 39 
 
 275, 524 93 
 60,411 59 
 14, 903 33 
 
 $108, 951 24 
 7, 730 78 
 
 5,222,012 40 
 1, 921 81 
 
 63, 414 70 
 
 664 65 
 
 43, 095 00 
 
 5,479 19 
 
 193, 145 24 
 
 29, 085 92 
 
 285, 250 80 
 61, 415 03 
 1, 201 44 
 
 $60, 456 88 
 4, 183 68 
 
 1, 266, 829 20 
 
 23, 018 28 
 
 346 90 
 49, 282 46 
 
 9, 725 87 
 1, 003 44 
 
 4, 669, 343 64 
 
 6, 023, 368 80 
 
 1, 354, 025 16 
 
 $8, 866 21 
 
 190 31 
 3, 289 67 
 
 34, 773 47 
 
 13, 701 89 
 
 The foregoing table shows that a decrease has occurred in the assess- 
 ments of the following taxes as compared with the year ended June 30, 
 1881, viz: 
 
 On circulation of banks and others. 
 
 On fermented liquors removed from brewery unstamped.' and on to- 
 bacco, snuff, and cigars removed from manufactory in like manner.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 115 
 
 On legacies and successions, and on incomes and dividends. 
 
 The redaction in the amount assessed on circulation, which has been 
 princi])ally the ten i)er (centum tax, on notes issued by manufacturing 
 e.stivhlishments and used for circulation, shows how nearly this kind of cur- 
 rency has been supplanted by tlio legal money of the country. The small 
 amount of only $1,'J21.S1 was assessed last year against $10,788.02 in the 
 previous fiscal year. It may be also stated tliat nearly all such notes on 
 which the tax was assessed have already been withdrawn from circula- 
 tion. 
 
 The reduction of taxes assessed on fermented liquors and tobacco, 
 snutt", and cigars, removed from the place of manufacture unstami)ed, in- 
 dicates a better observance of the law and regulations governing the 
 taxation of these articles. 
 
 The reduction of the tax assessed on legacies and successions and on 
 income and dividends is owing to the increased lapse of time since tlie 
 repeal of the laws subjecting these objects to internal revenue taxation 
 and to the fact that those taxes have been almost entirely collected. 
 
 The most remarkable increase exhibited in the above table is that of 
 taxes assessed on the ciipitaland deposits of banks, bankers, and savings 
 institutions. Tlie atnount thus assessed was 85,222,012.40 against 
 S'^^'oo, 183.20 of the year previous, showing an increase of $1,200,820.20. 
 
 As stated in my last annual report, it had become known that several 
 banksinthelargercities had, by misinterjnetationof the law, understated 
 in former reports the amount of their cai)ital and deposits subject to 
 tax. Investigations of these cases leil to the discovery that such taxes, 
 amounting to $722,705, were due the United States. 
 
 Following up this discovery a circuhir letter was addressed in October, 
 1881, to each collector, requiring him to request from all banks in his 
 district a re-examination of their former returns and to report as to their 
 liability to additional taxation. 
 
 This request having been generally complied with, and voluntary ad- 
 ditional returnsmade by the banks, assessments amounting to $100,070.79 
 Mere made last year on this account. This amount, added to that pre- 
 viously ascertained, gives a sum of $1,183,381.70 so far assessed as tax 
 due from previous years. In addition thereto, an amount of $25,510.23 
 was recovered in compromise which was not assessed. The total tax so 
 far recovered by the government is therefore $1,205,028.01. 
 
 Several cases have not yet been fully investigated and determined 
 upon; it is tlierefore likely that some further and perhaps very heavy 
 assessments will result therefrom. 
 
 Deducting, however, the above $100,070.79 assessed as back taxes 
 from the total amount assessed on cai)ital and deposits last fiscal year, 
 it still leaves the large amount of $1,701,335.01 a.ssessed against the 
 banking business of last fiscal year, showing an increase over the pre- 
 vious one of $800,152.11. E.\j)lanation of this fact is found in the enor- 
 nu)us growth of tlie wealth of the country; the total average capital and 
 dei»osils emi)loyed and held by 1)anks and bankers other tlian national 
 banks last year being $1,055,100,080, an increase of $250,100,308 over 
 the previous year. 
 
 In exi)lanati()ii of tlie increase of tax asses.sed on deficiencies in the 
 l)roducti()n of distilled spirits and on excess of materials used in such 
 production, it may be staled that most of these assessnu'iits cover the 
 unusually large i)rodiu'tion of ilistilled sjiirits in the year ended June 30, 
 1881. This also may be said in regard to the increased amount assessecl 
 on distilled si)iiits fraudulently removed or seized. A great number of 
 distillers, who formerly carried on an illicit business, have recently
 
 116 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING .^lE 
 
 submitted to tlio law, have been reffularly rc|i8tered, and their short- 
 corn in ji's are now ascertained and assessed. 
 
 or the amount re[)orted as assessments of penalties, the larger pro- 
 portion consisted of 100 ])er centum penalties assessed against banks 
 under a decision of tlie United States circuit court for the southern 
 district of New York (German Savings Bank v. Joseph Archbold, col- 
 lector), for erroneous returns made. This decision having been reversed 
 by the United States Supreme Court, the larger part of these assess- 
 ments have been or will be abated. 
 
 ASSESS3IENTS FOR 18S2. 
 
 The following statement shows the amount of assessments in each of 
 the several States and Teritories of the United States during the fiscal 
 year ended June 30, 1882, and includes the taxes assessed upon capital 
 and deposits of banks and bankers : 
 
 Alabama $32 
 
 Arizona 6 
 
 Arkansas 7 
 
 California 376 
 
 Colorado 37 
 
 Connecticut 60 
 
 Dakota 7 
 
 Delaware 8 
 
 Florida 6 
 
 Georgia 61 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Illinois 348 
 
 Indiana 163 
 
 Iowa 158 
 
 Kansas 54 
 
 Kentucky 207 
 
 Louisiana 64 
 
 Maine 11 
 
 Maryland 77 
 
 Massachusetts 206 
 
 Michigan 121 
 
 Minnesota 70 
 
 Mississippi 17 
 
 Missouri 358 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Hon. CHAS. J. FOLGER, 
 
 Secretary of tJie Treasury. 
 
 ,816 50 
 
 , 946 79 
 
 , 055 02 
 
 ,760 50 
 
 , 736 31 
 
 , 112 62 
 
 , 370 03 
 
 ,589 04 
 
 ,366 30 
 
 , 073 40 
 
 639 81 
 
 ,377 39 
 
 ,419 97 
 
 , 107 40 
 
 ,535 12 
 
 ,630 85 
 
 ,084 74 
 
 , 242 47 
 
 , 948 97 
 
 ,773 21 
 
 ,081 51 
 
 ,944 47 
 
 , 515 20 
 
 ,838 95 
 
 Montana $11,300 77 
 
 Nebraska 32,634 18 
 
 Nevada 8,333 84 
 
 New Hampshire 20, 852 51 
 
 New Jersey 33,647 66 
 
 New Mexico 4,948 60 
 
 New York 2,018,989 78 
 
 North Carolina 63, 082 02 
 
 Ohio 261,395 53 
 
 Oregon 17,117 76 
 
 Pennsylvania 565, 936 43 
 
 Rhode Island 54, 022 96 
 
 South Carolina 16, 423 58 
 
 Tennessee 56,419 81 
 
 Texas 85,951 62 
 
 Utah 13,795 48 
 
 Vermont 16, 175 01 
 
 Virginia 84,441 54 
 
 Washington 7,654 47 
 
 West Virginia 34, 838 46 
 
 AVisconsiu 124,618 80 
 
 Wyoming 4,821 42 
 
 Total 6,023,368 80 
 
 GEEEN B. KAUM, 
 
 Covimissioner,
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 117 
 
 KEPORT OF THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURREXCY. 
 
 Treasury Department, 
 Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, 
 
 Washington^ December 2, 1882. 
 
 I have the honor to suljinit for tlie consideration of Congress the 
 twentieth annual report of tlie Comptroller of tlie Currency, in compli- 
 ance with section 333 of the Revised Statutes of the United States. 
 
 The number of national banks organized during the year ending 
 November 1, 1882, has been 171, with an aggregate authorized capital 
 of $15,707,300. Circulating notes have been issued to these associa- 
 tions amounting to $0,500,080. This is the largest number of banks 
 organized in any year since 1872, and they are located in the following 
 States and Territories : 
 
 states and Teni- 
 toriea. 
 
 MaiDo 
 
 New Hampshire.. 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Counccticut 
 
 New Yoik 
 
 Peunsylvauia 
 
 Marvlaud 
 
 Virj;iuia 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Texas 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 MiBsoun 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Indiana 
 
 No. of I 
 banks. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 $150, 000 
 200, 000 
 400, 000 
 200, 000 
 
 1, 302, 000 
 865, 000 
 350, 000 
 305, 300 
 100, 000 
 75, 000 
 10(1, (100 
 525, 000 
 50, 000 
 
 1, 010, 000 
 305, 000 
 305, 000 
 
 1, 050, 000 
 320, 000 
 
 Circulation 
 issued. 
 
 $117,000 
 
 180,000 
 
 1U8. 000 
 
 162,0(10 
 
 774, 000 
 
 357, 300 
 
 45, 000 
 
 139, 500 
 
 4.'), 000 
 
 67, 500 
 
 90, 000 
 
 160,640 
 
 11, 240 
 
 219, 600 
 
 103, .500 
 
 166, 500 
 
 039, 000 
 
 148, 500 
 
 states and Terri- 
 torii'8. 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Wisconsin ... 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Minnesota . .. 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Utah 
 
 Montana 
 
 Wjotiiing. . .. 
 Now Mexico . 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Wasliington . 
 
 Arizona 
 
 Calil'oniia 
 
 United States 
 
 No. of 
 bauka. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Circulation 
 issued. 
 
 13 
 
 $1, 200, 000 
 
 $375, 750 
 
 6 
 
 850, 000 
 
 306. 000 
 
 5 
 
 325, 000 
 
 153, 000 
 
 13 
 
 1, 125, 000 
 
 50.5, 790 
 
 6 
 
 550, 000 
 
 76, 500 
 
 10 
 
 COO, 000 
 
 217, 790 
 
 15 
 
 1, 050, 000 
 
 593, 970 
 
 4 
 
 270, 000 
 
 144, OiO 
 
 1 
 
 50. 000 
 
 45, 000 
 
 2 
 
 150, 000 
 
 99, 000 
 
 4 
 
 325. 000 
 
 104, 000 
 
 1 
 
 200, 000 
 
 45, 000 
 
 o 
 
 100, 000 
 
 54,000 
 
 
 
 310, 000 
 
 135, 000 
 
 3 
 
 250, 000 
 
 81,000 
 
 1 
 
 100, 000 
 
 30,600 
 
 1 
 
 100,000 
 
 
 171 15, 767, 300 I 6, 500, 680 
 
 These banks are locnted by geogra])hical divisions as follows : Eastern 
 States, nine banks Mitli a capital of 8i>50,000; Middle States, twenty-si.x, 
 with a cai)ital of $2,517,000; Southern Stntes, twenty-nine, with a capi- 
 tal of $2,775,300; Western States, eighty-si.x, with a capital of $7,0-10,000; 
 Pacific States and Territories, twenty-one, with a capital of $1,585,000. 
 
 Nineteen banks, with an aggregate cai)ital of $1,855,000 and circu- 
 lation of $1,440,800, have voluntarily discontinued business during the 
 year. The number of banks organized and in voluntary liquidation as 
 given, is exclusive in each case of those banks which have gone into vol- 
 untary liquidation during the year and have been succeeded by other 
 banks, with the same or nearly the same shareholders. 
 
 Three national banks, since November 1, havi^ been i)laced in the 
 hands of receivers, making 87 in all since the establishment of the sys- 
 tem. The total number of banks which have voluntarily closetl their 
 affairs by vote of shareholders owning two-thirds of their stock, umh'r 
 sections 5220 and 5221 of the Revised Statutes, has been 414; 72 of this 
 number have gone into licpiidation within the past year, of .which 53
 
 118 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 "were closed by their stockholders for the purpose of organizing new 
 banks, and all but three of this latter number in antiei])ati<)n of the near 
 ap])roach of the expiration of their c()r])oratc existence. 
 
 The sliarehohlers of six banks permitted their corjiorate existence to 
 expire, and these associations are in liquidation under section 7 of the 
 act of July 12, 1882. National banks are organized in every State of the 
 Union and in every organized Territory. The total number in oi)eration 
 on October 3 last was 2,2G9 — the largest number that has ever been in 
 operation at any one time. 
 
 The following table exhibits the resources and liabilities of the national 
 banks at the close of business on the 3d day of October, 1882, the re- 
 turns from New York City, from Boston, Philadeli)lii:i, and lialtimore, 
 from the other reserve cities, and from the remaining banks of the coun- 
 try, being tabulated separately : 
 
 KESOUUCF..^ 
 
 Loans ami discounts 
 
 Overdrafts 
 
 Bonds for circulation 
 
 Bonds for deposits 
 
 U. S. bonds on band 
 
 Otbor stocks and bonds 
 
 Due from reserve ageuta 
 
 Due from otber national banks. 
 
 Due from otber banks and 
 bankers 
 
 Keal estate, furniture, and fix- 
 tures 
 
 Cun-eut expenses 
 
 Premiums 
 
 Checks and other cash items.. 
 
 Ilixcbanues for clcarins-'iouse.. 
 
 Bills of other national banks. . . 
 
 Fractional currency 
 
 Specie 
 
 Lcfral-tendcr notes 
 
 ,U. S. certiticatos of dei)Osit 
 
 Five ^>er cent, redemption fund. 
 
 Due Irom U. S. Treasurer 
 
 Totals. 
 
 I.IAlill.ITIES. 
 
 Capital st ock 
 
 Surplus fund 
 
 ITniiivided profits 
 
 National bank notes outstand- 
 
 Stato bank notes outstanding 
 
 Dividends unpaid 
 
 Individual deposits 
 
 U. S. deposits 
 
 Deposits of U. S. disbursin 
 
 officei's 
 
 Due to national banks 
 
 Duo to other banks and bankers 
 Xotcs and bills rediscounted 
 Bills payable 
 
 Totals. 
 
 New York 
 City. 
 
 50 banks. 
 
 $239,041, 
 
 1U8, 
 
 22, 105, 
 
 820, 
 
 3, 545, 
 
 12, 092, 
 
 19, 258, 
 3, 087, 
 
 918 
 
 10, 671, 839 
 
 1, 092, 203 
 Co5, 549 
 
 2, 809, 544 
 174, 929, 476 
 
 1, C;!4, 085 
 
 43, 131 
 
 44, 523, 8.?4 
 
 10, 950, 390 
 
 1, 970, 000 
 
 963. 999 
 
 020, 828 
 
 Boston, Pliila- ^., „„ „„„„„,., 
 dclphia, and Otl'^'- reserve 
 
 B.iltimore. 
 
 102 banks. 
 
 $201, 
 52, 
 
 91 banks. 
 
 Country 
 banks. 
 
 2,026 banks. 
 
 Aggregate. 
 
 2,269 banks. 
 
 $146,282,464 $651,024,606 $1, 238. 286, .525 
 
 372,403 I 4.360,333 4.916.694 
 
 26,472,700 I 2."jO, 505, «50 357,031,7.50 
 
 3,883,000 i 10,747,000 16.111,000 
 
 3, 803, 750 1 3. 492, 650 21, 314, 750 
 
 4, 895, 008 40, 463, 909 60, 168, 917 
 15,440,614 80, (i64. 106 113.277.228 
 
 9, 198, 735 26, 922, 833 08, 516, 841 
 
 1, 126, 884 
 
 6,501,659 
 
 826, 941 
 
 444,529 
 
 1,337,998 i 
 
 24, 148, .573 I 
 
 2,75.3,321 
 
 31. 210 
 
 15, .^43, 221 
 
 6, 727, 78J 
 
 3, 175, 000 
 
 2, 3.'.3, 504 
 
 78. 005 
 
 557,541,532 ! 359,557,535 
 
 51, 650, 000 
 21,314,109 
 13, 970, 754 
 
 19, 270, 285 
 
 47,446 
 
 228. 865 
 
 325, 208, 0C4 
 
 42.5, 115 
 
 127, 304 
 90, 104, 275 
 35, 134, 415 
 
 557, 541, 532 
 
 79. 208. 330 
 
 22,501,193 
 
 6, 712, 520 
 
 46, 467, 247 
 
 35, 154 
 
 941, (197 
 
 151, 959, 431 
 
 397, 200 
 
 20, 986 
 
 38,461,312 
 
 12, 084, 059 
 
 220, 000 
 
 459, 000 
 
 359, 557, 535 
 
 3,364,283 
 
 4, 000, 600 
 852, 920 
 702, 201 
 
 1. 076, 034 
 8, 384, 5!9 
 
 '2,406,401 
 
 50, 428 
 
 12,960.384 
 
 11, 310, 099 
 
 2, 890, 000 
 1, 103, 901 
 
 108, 325 
 
 9, 526, 383 
 
 25, 302, 908 
 
 4,406,190 
 
 4, 642, 816 
 
 9, 500, 449 
 
 903, 952 
 
 13, 8.34, 958 
 
 271, .599 
 
 30, 024, 289 
 
 28, 286, 396 
 
 640, 000 
 
 11, 336, 634 
 
 538, 303 
 
 17, 105, 468 
 
 46. 537. 060 
 
 7, 238. :J00 
 
 6. .51.5, 1.55 
 
 14, 784, 025 
 
 208, 300, .540 
 
 20, 689, 425 
 
 396. 368 
 
 102. 857, 778 
 
 63, 281, 267 
 
 8, 675, 000 
 
 15.818,093 
 
 1. 345, ,521 
 
 259,812,295 1,222,922,314 ; 2,399,833,676 
 
 46,080,995 ' 300,074.888 
 11,041,071 76, .521. 077 
 
 .5,283,721 , 35,208,309 
 
 483.104.213 
 131,977.451 
 61, ISO, 310 
 
 22, 365, 298 
 
 1.57,931 
 
 119,162,211; 
 
 2, 563, 517 
 
 567, 1.54 
 29, 048, 962 
 20, 019, 577 
 
 879, 906 
 1, 436, 947 
 
 226, 618. 385 I 314, 721, 215 
 
 138, .-.77 I 221,177 
 
 1,825.943 3, ],-)3, S3G 
 
 526,082,132 1,122,472,682 
 
 5, 431, 579 I 8, 817, 411 
 
 2, 912, 343 
 22,461,201 
 12, 047, 6(11 
 4. 647. 709 
 2, 952, 570 
 
 3, 627, 847 
 
 189. 07.5, 750 
 
 79. 885. 0.52 
 
 5, 747. 015 
 
 4.848,517 
 
 259, 812, 295 1, 222, 922, 314 2, 399, 833, 076 
 
 *The reserve cities, in addition to New York, Boston, Philadtlphia, and Balliinoro. are Allv'ny, 
 Pittsburgh, Wa.sh)ngton, New Orleans, Louisville, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Chicago, Detroit, Milwaukee, 
 Saint Louis, ind San Francisco.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, 
 
 119 
 
 The following table exliibits, in tlio order ot their capital, the twenty 
 States having the largest amount of capitnl, together with the amount 
 of circulation, loans and discounts, and individual deposits of each, ou 
 
 October 3, 1882 : 
 
 St^es. 
 
 Capital. Circulation. 
 
 LouDS and 
 discuuuts. 
 
 MassacLnosetts $95, K52. 500 
 
 New York I 87. .X), .W 
 
 Peunsjlvauia 67, 4.'iJ, Oiil 
 
 Ohio 3v, t;o4, oim 
 
 Connecticut -5, a.'iG, .^-'0 
 
 Rhode Island : '.'«, 31',, c.-.O 
 
 IllinoiH ]>','jS9,t'ii0 
 
 Maryland Kt, 9-J2, ii;jO 
 
 Ipdiana \ T!, :i2:j, TOO 
 
 New Jersey ; 12, 375, 3.50 
 
 KentueUv 1 ll,421,3r.O 
 
 iliclii.'uii I 10,85.5,000 
 
 ilaiue ! 10, ;«.5, OUO 
 
 Vermont 7,786,000 
 
 Iowa I 7, 13."., COO 
 
 Now Hampshire ' C, OSO, 000 
 
 Minnesota ! 5, 920, 000 
 
 Missouri I 4, 980, rtOO 
 
 Tenufssee 3,715,300 
 
 Virgiuia ; 3,203,000 
 
 47, 
 
 40, 
 20, 
 17, 
 14, 
 8, 
 8, 
 8, 
 9, 
 9, 
 5, 
 8. 
 6, 
 4, 
 5, 
 1, 
 1, 
 2 
 2, 
 
 ."■.72. 889 
 TM, 145 
 618, 97G 
 830, 022 
 217, 7;»5 
 143, 039 
 790, 530 
 793, 523 
 117,470 
 769, 701 
 108, G31 
 793, 1.52 
 090, 233 
 4x7,307 
 083,110 
 147, 345 
 98(5, 694 
 883, 290 
 780, 500 
 C47, 100 
 
 $195, 125, .594 
 
 335, 378, 784 
 
 15t, 445, 805 
 
 74, 442, .'•71 
 
 43, 40.-^, 889 
 
 30, 078, 658 
 73,117,709 
 31,57.5,051 
 27,5S5,4C1 
 
 31, 481, 551 
 19, 593, 643 
 29, 825, 149 
 18,937,910 
 12, 186, 775 
 17, 79:>, 344 
 
 8,137,442 
 17, 907, 894 
 12, 890, 836 
 
 8, 434, 524 
 10, 444, 317 
 
 Individual 
 dei)osits. 
 
 $114, 
 
 409, 
 
 148, 
 
 60, 
 
 24, 
 
 11, 
 
 69, 
 
 23, 
 
 24, 
 
 28, 
 
 11. 
 
 26, 
 
 10, 
 
 5, 
 
 IC, 
 
 4, 
 
 14, 
 
 9, 
 
 7, 
 
 10, 
 
 397 392 
 934, 724 
 490, 486 
 734, 873 
 933, 405 
 400, 515 
 763, 033 
 995, 278 
 942, 872 
 600,052 
 506,117 
 238, 875 
 433, 752 
 955, 461 
 169, 065 
 5C9, 085 
 045, 218 
 608, 139 
 590, 120 
 293, 467 
 
 COMPARATIVE STATEMENTS OF THE NATIONAL BANKS FOR ELEVEN 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 The following table exhibits the resources and liabilities of the na- 
 tional banks for eleven years, at ueaiiy corresponding dates, from 1872 
 to 1882, inclusive: 
 
 
 Oct. 3, 
 
 Sept 12, Oct 2. 
 
 Oct. 1, 
 
 Oct. 2, 
 
 Oct 1, 
 
 Oct 1, 
 
 Oct. 2, 
 
 Oct 1, 
 
 Oct. 1, Oct 3, 
 
 
 1872. 
 
 1873. 
 
 1874. 
 
 1875. 
 
 1870. 
 
 1877. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 188L 1882. 
 
 
 1,919 
 
 1,976 
 
 2,004 
 
 2,087 
 
 2,089 
 
 2,080 
 
 2,053 
 
 2,048 
 
 2,090 
 
 2, 132 1 2, 269 
 
 
 banks. 
 
 banks. 
 
 banks. 
 
 banks, 
 
 banks. 
 
 banks. 
 
 banks. 
 
 banks. 
 
 banks. 
 
 banks, banks. 
 
 1 
 
 RBSOUnCEB. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MilHona. 
 
 JfiHiojM. JfiVlnns 
 
 itii'im: 
 
 mWnnK. 
 
 Millions. 
 
 muion>. 
 
 iliUinn'. 
 
 Million: 
 
 Million: MiUloru. 
 
 
 877.2 
 382. 
 
 944. 2 054. 4 
 
 984.7 
 370.3 
 
 931.3 
 337.2 
 
 891.9 
 336.8 
 
 834.0 
 347.6 
 
 878. 5 
 357. 3 
 
 1, 041. 
 357. 8 
 
 1, 173. 8 1. 243. 2 
 
 Bonds ibrcirciilat'n 
 
 388.3 
 
 383. 3 
 
 36:».3 
 
 357.6 
 
 Other U. S. bonds.. 
 
 27.6 
 
 2.3.6 
 
 28.0 
 
 28.1 
 
 47.8 
 
 45.0 
 
 94.7 
 
 71.2 
 
 43.6 
 
 56.5 
 
 37.4 
 
 Stocks, bonds, &.c. . 
 
 23. 5 
 
 23.7 
 
 27.8 
 
 33. 5 
 
 34.4 
 
 34. 5 
 
 36.9 
 
 39.7 
 
 48.9 
 
 61.9 
 
 66.2 
 
 Due from banks . . . 
 
 128.2 
 
 149.5 
 
 134.8 
 
 144.7 
 
 146. 9 
 
 129.9 
 
 138. 9 
 
 167.3 
 
 213. 5 
 
 230. 8 
 
 198.9 
 
 Ileal estate 
 
 32.3 
 
 34.7 
 
 38.1 
 
 42.4 
 
 43.1 
 
 4.5.2 
 
 46.7 
 
 47. « 
 
 48.0 
 
 47.3 
 
 46.5 
 
 Sjiecio 
 
 10.2 
 
 19.9 
 
 21. 2 
 
 8.1 
 
 21.4 
 
 22. 7 
 
 30. 7 
 
 42.2 
 
 109. 3 
 
 114.3 
 
 102.9 
 
 Leiral-tender notesl 
 
 102.1 
 
 92.4 
 
 80.0 
 
 76. 5 
 
 84.2 
 
 66.9 
 
 64.4 
 
 69.2 
 
 50.6 
 
 5.3.2 
 
 03.2 
 
 Nat'1-bauk notes . . . 
 
 15.8 
 
 16.1 
 
 18.5 
 
 18.5 
 
 15.9 
 
 1.5. 6 
 
 10.9 
 
 10.7 
 
 18.2 
 
 17.7 
 
 20.7 
 
 C. H. excharges .. 
 
 12.5. 
 
 100.3 
 
 109.7 
 
 87.9 
 
 100. 
 
 74.5 
 
 82.4 
 
 113.0 
 
 121.1 
 
 189.2 
 
 208.4 
 
 U. S. cert, ol' ilenosit 
 
 a? 
 
 20.6 
 
 42. t 
 
 48.8 
 
 29.2 
 
 33.4 
 
 32.7 
 
 20. S 
 
 7.7 
 
 6. 71 8. 7 
 
 
 
 20. 3 
 18.3 
 
 19.6 
 19.1 
 
 16.7 
 19.1 
 
 16.0 
 
 28.7 
 
 10. 5 
 24.9 
 
 17.0 
 22.1 
 
 17.1 
 23.0 
 
 17. 51 17. 2 
 
 Other resources 
 
 25.2 
 
 17.3 
 
 26. 2| 28. 9 
 
 Totals 
 
 1, 75.5. 8 
 
 1, 830. o'l, 877. 2 
 
 — 1 
 
 1,882.2 
 
 1,827.2 
 
 1,741.1 
 
 1,707.3 
 
 1, 868. 8 
 
 2, 105. 8 
 
 2, 358. 4 2, 399. 8 
 
 UAUII.ITIES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Capital stock 
 
 479.6 
 
 491. 493. 8 
 
 504. « 
 
 499.8 
 
 479. 5 
 
 466.2 
 
 454.1 
 
 457. 6 
 
 403.8 
 
 483 1 
 
 Sundusl'und 
 
 Undivided profits. . 
 
 110.3 
 
 120. 31 129. ( 
 
 134.4 
 
 132. 2 
 
 122. 8 
 
 116.9 
 
 114.8 
 
 120. 5 
 
 128.1 
 
 132.0 
 
 40.0 
 
 54.5 
 
 51. 5 
 
 5.3. 
 
 40.4 
 
 44. 5 
 
 41.9 
 
 41.3 
 
 40,1 
 
 56.4 
 
 61.2 
 
 Circulation 
 
 3:'.5. 1 
 
 340. n 
 
 334. 2 
 
 ::i9. 1 
 
 292. 2 
 
 291. 9 
 
 301.9 
 
 313.8 
 
 317.3 
 
 320. 2 
 
 31.5.0 
 
 Duo to depositors. . 
 
 628. 9 
 
 640.0 
 
 6k:i. 8 
 
 679.4 
 
 oi;«. 2 
 
 030. 4 
 
 608.4 
 
 736. 9 
 
 887. 9 
 
 1,0S.3.1 
 
 1,131.9 
 
 Due to banks 
 
 143.8 
 
 173.0 
 
 175. 8 
 
 170.7 
 
 179. H 
 
 101. G 
 
 165. 1 
 
 201. 2 
 
 207. 9 
 
 294.9 
 
 259. 9 
 
 Other liabilities 
 
 11.5 
 
 11. 5j 9.1 
 
 11.8 
 
 10.6 
 
 10.4 
 
 7.9 
 
 6.7 
 
 8.5 
 
 11.0 
 
 13.7 
 
 Totals 
 
 1, 755. 8 
 
 1,830.6,1,877.2 
 
 1, 882. 2 
 1 
 
 1. 827. 2 
 
 1,741.1 
 
 1,767.3 
 
 1, 808. 8 
 
 2, 105. 8 
 
 2, 353. 4 2, 399. 8 
 
 1
 
 120 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 111 tliG Appendix will be ihuud a table, showing- the principal resources 
 and liiibilities on October o, 1S82, of the banks in the fcstateSj Territories, 
 and reserve cities, arranged in eight divisions. 
 
 NUMBER, CAPITAL, AND DEPOSITS OF NATIONAL BANKS, STATE AND 
 SAVINGS-BANKS, AND PRIVATE BANKERS. 
 
 Section 333 oftlie Eevised Statutes of the United States requires the 
 Comptroller to i)re.sent annually to Congress a statement of the condi- 
 tion of the banlvs and savin.uvs-banks organized under State laws, lie- 
 turns of capital and deposits are made by these institutions and by 
 private bankers semi-annually, to this department for purposes of 
 taxation. I'rom these returns the following table has been compiled, 
 exhibiting, in concise form, by geographical divisions, the total average 
 capital and deposits of all the State and savings-banks and private 
 bankers of the country, for the six months ending May 31, 1882: 
 
 Geographical d i v i - 
 
 state banks and trust 
 companies. 
 
 Private bankers. 
 
 Savings banks witli 
 capital. 
 
 Savings 
 banks with- 
 out capital. 
 
 sious. 
 
 No. Capital. 
 
 Depos- 
 its. 
 
 No. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Depos- 
 its. 
 
 No. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Depos- 
 its. 
 
 No. 
 
 Depos- 
 its. 
 
 New Ensilaiicl States.. 
 
 Middle States 
 
 Southern States 
 
 Western States and 
 
 Mill's. 
 
 40 8. 32 
 
 2051 40. 56 
 
 24G 25. 37 
 
 521 42. 54 
 
 Mill's. 
 
 24.96 
 225. 51 
 
 48.47 
 
 153. 06 
 
 104 
 
 1014 
 
 293 
 
 1980 
 
 Mill's. 
 
 7.13 
 
 62.19 
 
 6.37 
 
 38.56 
 
 Mill's. 
 
 9.42 
 
 113. 08 
 
 19.98 
 
 153. 14 
 
 2 
 8 
 6 
 
 22 
 
 Mill's. 
 .09 
 .61 
 .53 
 
 2.63 
 
 Mill's. 
 .77 418 
 5.07 173 
 1.23 1 2 
 
 34. 17 29 
 
 Mill's. 
 
 421. 35 
 
 473. 2C 
 
 1.15 
 
 34.07 
 
 
 
 United States... 
 
 1012, 11G.T9 
 
 452. 00 
 
 3391 
 
 114. 25 
 
 205. 02 
 
 38 
 
 3.8C 
 
 41.24 622 929.83 
 
 1 
 
 The capital of the 2,239 national banks in operation on July 1, 1882, 
 as will be seen by a table in the Appendix, was $177,181,390, not includ- 
 ing surplus, which fund at that date amounted to more than 131 mill- 
 ions of dollars; while the average capital of all the State banks, private 
 bankers, and savings-banks, for the six months ending May 31, 1882, 
 was but $231,929,97(3. The latter amount is less than two-fifths of the 
 combined capital and surplus of the national banks. 
 
 The table below exhibits the capital and net deposits of the national 
 banks on July 1, 1882, together with the aggregate average capital and 
 deposits of all classes of banks other than national, for the six months 
 endingMay 31, 1882: 
 
 Geogiaphical divis- 
 
 State banks, savinss- 
 bauks, private bank- 
 ers, &.C. 
 
 National banks. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Ko. Capital. 
 
 Deposits. 
 
 No. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Net de- 
 posits. 
 
 No. Capital. Deposits. 
 
 New En eland States, 
 cuddle States 
 
 564 
 
 1400 
 
 547 
 
 2552 
 
 MiUions. 
 
 15.5 
 
 103.4 
 
 32.3 
 
 83.7 
 
 Millicns. 
 
 456.5 
 
 816.9 
 
 70.8 
 
 374.5 
 
 557 
 086 
 200 
 
 796 
 
 Millions. 
 
 165. 7 
 
 173.3 
 
 32.9 
 
 105.3 
 
 3[Ulions. 
 191.4 
 572.8 
 
 Millions. MiUioJU. 
 1121 ; 181.2 647.9 
 ''(186 276.7 1, 3e9. 7 
 
 .Sduthtin Stales 
 
 West tin States and 
 Territories 
 
 02.0 j 747 1 65.2 
 305.5 j 3348 1 189.0 
 
 132.8 
 680.0 
 
 United states.. 
 
 5063 
 
 234.9 
 
 1,718.7 
 
 2239 
 
 477. 2 j 1, 131. 7 j 7302 j 712. 1 
 
 2,850.4
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRERARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 121 
 
 The total number of banks and bankers in the country at the date 
 named was 7,."302, with a total banking capital of $7]2.11'4,300, and total 
 deposits of 82,850,078,178. ' • 
 
 In the Appendix vrill be found similar tables for various periods IVom 
 1875 to 1882. On a subsequent ])age in tliis report, under the head of 
 "State banks, sa\ings banks, and trust companies," will be found tables 
 showing the resources and liabilities of these corporations for thei)resent 
 year, and in the Appendix similar results for preWous years. 
 
 A table arranged by States and principal cities, giving tlie number, 
 capital, and deposits, and the tax thereon, of all banking in.stitutions 
 other than national and of the private bankers of the couiitiy^ for the 
 six mouths ending IMay 31, 1882, and for previous years, will also be 
 found in the Appendix. 
 
 The following table exhibits, for corresponding dates nearest to jMay 
 31 in each of the last seven years, the aggregate amounts of the capital 
 and deposits of each of the classes of banks given in the foregoing 
 table: 
 
 
 National banks. 
 
 state banlxs, private 
 bankers, 6cc. 
 
 SavinKs banks 
 ■w-itb capital. 
 
 Savings 
 bankswith- 
 out capital. 
 
 
 Total. 
 
 Tears. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Capi- 
 tal. 
 
 Depos- 
 its. 
 
 No. 
 
 Capi- 
 tal. 
 
 Depos- 
 its. 
 
 Xo. 
 
 Capi- 
 tal. 
 
 Depos- 
 its. 
 
 No. 
 
 Depos- 
 its. 
 
 No. 
 
 "^S!" 
 
 Depos- 
 its. 
 
 
 
 2nirs. 
 
 Mill's. 
 
 
 Mill's. 
 
 jfi7r«. 
 
 
 Mills. 
 
 Mill's. 
 
 
 MiWs. 
 
 
 Mill's. 
 
 MiU's. 
 
 1876... 
 
 2091 1 500.4 
 
 713.5 
 
 3803 
 
 214.0 
 
 480.0 
 
 26 
 
 5.0 1 37.2 
 
 691 1 841.6 
 
 6011 
 
 719. 4 1 2, 075. 3 
 
 1877... 
 
 2078 1 481. 
 
 768.2 
 
 3799 218. 6 
 
 470.5 
 
 26 
 
 4.9 1 38.2 
 
 670 ; 843. 2 
 
 0,-)79 
 
 704. 5 ! 2, 120. 1 
 
 1878... 
 
 2056 470.4 
 
 077.2 
 
 3709 202. 2 
 
 413. 3 
 
 23 
 
 3.2 26.2 668 
 
 803. 3 
 
 C4.50 
 63«1 
 
 675. 8 i 1, 920. 
 
 1879... 
 
 2048 i 455. 3 
 
 713.4 
 
 3039 107.0 
 
 397.0 
 
 29 
 
 4.2 1 36.1 '644 
 
 747.1 
 
 650. 5 
 
 1, 893. 5 
 
 1880... 
 
 2076 : 455. 9 
 
 900.8 
 
 3798 190. 1 
 
 501. 5 
 
 29 
 
 4.0 
 
 34. 6 1 629 
 
 783.0 
 
 0.-.32 
 
 6.50. 
 
 2,219.9 
 
 If 81... 
 
 2115 
 
 460.2 
 
 1,039.9 
 
 4016 206. 5 
 
 627. 5 
 
 36 
 
 4.2 
 
 37. 6 (i29 
 
 862.3 
 
 C79C 
 
 670.9 
 
 2, 667. 3 
 
 1882... 
 
 2239 
 
 477.2 
 
 1,131.7 
 
 4403 231. 
 
 747. 6 38 
 
 3.9 
 
 41. 3 1 622 
 
 929.8 
 
 7302 
 
 712.1 
 
 2, 850. 4 
 t 
 
 EXTENSION OF THE CORPORATE EXISTENCE OF NATIONAL BANKS. 
 
 Section 11 of the national-bank act of February 25, 18G3, p^o^^de.'3 
 that— 
 
 Everj association formed pursuant to tlio provisions of this act may niako and nse 
 a common seal, and shall have succession by the name designated in Iho articles of 
 association, and for tho period limited therein, not, however, exceeding twenty years 
 from the passage of this act. 
 
 i!^^inety-eight national banks organized under this act were entitled, 
 under their organization papers, to continue for nineteen years only, 
 and the corporate existence of 307 other banks will expire ou or before 
 the close of business on February 21, next. 
 
 The Comptroller recommended in his last report — 
 
 That an act be pa.ssed during tlio present session, authorizing any national bank, 
 ■with the approval of the Comptroller, at any tiuje witliin two year.s ))rior to tlio date 
 of tlie expiration of its corporate existence, to extend its period of succession for 
 twenty years, by auKuidiug its articles of as.so(!ialiou. Tim bill may i>rf)vide that 
 such amendments must bo autliori/.ed by the voles of sliari hohbrs owning notless 
 than two-thirds of the capital of the association, tho amendment to bo certified to 
 tlie Coini)trol]er of tho Currency, by tho juvsideiifc or cashier, voriiied by tiio seal of 
 the association, and not to bo valid until the C<uuj»trol!er'8 approval thereof shall 
 have been obtained, and he sliall liave given to tlu! association a cerlilicatea tlior- 
 izing it to continue its business under sucli cxtiMision. Responsibility for the exten- 
 sion of the coiporate existenci' of (lie banks will thus, in a nn-asiire, rest with the 
 Comptroller; and he can require such ;tn examinatiou of their alVairs to l)e made prior to 
 granting the extension, asmay seem to him proper, in (uder to asci-rtain if the capital 
 btock is intact, and all the assets of tlie bank iu a satisfactory cuuditiuu. • * •
 
 122 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 If, for any reason, tlio legislation herein proyiosod shall not bo favorably consiflcred 
 by Coiii>;ro.ss, the l)anks ean Htill, under the present laws, renew their existence if tljey 
 HO (lesiiei) and in the absence of proliibitory lej^islation many of them niidoiibtedly 
 will, on tlie exiiiralion of their present charters, organize new associations, witli nearly 
 the same sfoeldiolders as Ix-fore, and will then ap[)iy for and obtiiin from tlie Comp- 
 trolhu- eertilieates authorizing them to continue business for twirnty years from tlie 
 respective (bites of their new f)rganizati()n certificates. Such a course of jjiocedure 
 will be iKM-ft'ctly legal, and, indeed, under the existing laws, the Comptroller has no 
 discretionary power in the matter, Init must necessarily sanction the organization, or 
 reorganization, of such associations as shall have conformed in all respects to the 
 legal requirements. 
 
 The passage, however, of a general act directly authorizing an extension of the cor- 
 porate existence of associations whose charters are about to expire would, in many 
 instances, relievo the banks from embarrassment. As the law now stands, if the 
 Bharehohbnvs of an association are all agreed, the process of reorganization is simple ; 
 but if any of the shareholders object to such reorganization, they are entitled to a com- 
 plete liquidation of the bank's atiairs, and. to a, pro rata distril>ution of all its assets, 
 including its surplus fund. In many instances executors and administrators of estates 
 hold national-bank stock in trust; and while they might jirefer to retain their inter- 
 ests in the association which issued the stock, tliey would perhaps have no authority 
 to subscribe for stock iu the new organizations. While, therefore, the legislation 
 asked for is not absolutely essential, yet its passage at an early day would be a great 
 couveuieuce to many of the national banks, and especially so to the class last referred to. 
 
 Some doubts having been expressed in reference to tlie right of the 
 sharehoklers of national banks whose corporate existence had exi)ired 
 to organize new associations with the same names as those wliich had 
 just expired, the opinion of the Attorney-General was requested on this 
 point, and ou the 23d of February, 1882, an opinion was given, in wbich 
 he said : 
 
 The present national banking laws do not forbid the stockholders of an expiring 
 corporation from organizing a new banking association, nor from assuming the name 
 of the old corporation, with the approval of the Comptroller of the Currency, and, in 
 the absence of any prohibition to that elfect, no legal obstacle to the formation of a 
 new association by such stockholders, and the adoj)tiou of the name of the old asso- 
 ciation, would, in my opinion, exist. 
 
 He also said : 
 
 I do not know of anything to prevent a national banking association, upon the ex- 
 piration of the period limited for its duration, from being converted into a State bank 
 under the laws of the State, provided it has liquidated its aifairs agreeably to the laws 
 of Congress ; nor after it has thus become a State bank, to prevent such bank from 
 being converted back into a national banking association under section 5ir)4 of the 
 Revised Statutes, and adopting the name of the expired corporation, with the ap- 
 proval of the Comptroller of the Currency. To enable a State bank so to reconvert 
 itself into a national banking association, authority from the State is not necessary.* 
 
 In conformity with this opinion, fifty banks have been organized to 
 succeed other institutions whose corporate existence has expired and 
 which had previously given notice of liquidation. These banks have 
 in most cases been organized with the same title as that of the banks 
 which had been iilaced in liquidation aud by the same stockijolders. 
 
 Soon after the assembling of the present Congress a bill was intro- 
 duced for the extension of the corporate existence of national banks, 
 embodying the recommendations of the Comptroller. It was subse- 
 quently reported to the House from the committee with important amend- 
 ments, iind, after continued discussion, passed on May oO, 1882, by a vote 
 of 125 ro 07.t The bill was amended in the Senate in many particulars, 
 and passed that body on June 22, 1882, by a vote of 31 to \A,X ami was 
 subsequently passed in the House July l6, upon the report of the con- 
 
 *Casey v. Galli, 94 U. S., G73. 
 tCongressional Record No. 120, p. 25. 
 t/iid.,No. 147, p. 32.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 123 
 
 fcreiice committee, yeas 110, nays 79, not voting 101,* and received the 
 approval of tiie President on July lU, 1SS2. , 
 
 The act provides for the extension of tlie corporate existence of all 
 national banks for twenty years by ainen(lii)f^ their articles of asso- 
 ciation, -which amendment shall be anthorizcd by the consent in writ- 
 Uig of sliareholders owniiiu" not less than two-thinls of the capital 
 stock of tlie association. It provides tliat tlie Com])trolhn-, npon receipt 
 of the api)lication of the bank and the amendment certilied by the as- 
 sociation, shall canse a special exan)ination to be made to determine its 
 condition, and authorizes him to grant his certiiicate for the proposed 
 extension, if the condition of the association is found to be satisfactory. 
 It provides that any shaieholder not assenting to the amendment of the 
 articles of association may give notice in writing to the directors, witliin 
 thirty days of the date of the certiticateof approval of the Comptroller, 
 that he desires to withdraw from said association, in which case he is 
 entitled in accordan(;e with the method provided in the act to receive 
 from said association the value of the shares; that in the organization 
 of any association intende<l to rejjlace any existing blinking association 
 and retainnig the name thereof, holders of stock in the expiring asso- 
 cmtion shall be entitled to preference in the allotment of the shares of 
 the new bank in proportion to the number of shares held b^* them re- 
 spectively in the expiring association ; that the circulating notes of the 
 association extending its i)eriod of succession, which were issueil to it 
 previous to such extension, shall be retired by redemption at the Treas- 
 ury' ; that at the end of three years from the date of such extension 
 lawful money shall be deposited by the bank with the Treasurer for the 
 redemption of the circulation then outstanding; that any gain that 
 may arise from the failure to present such circulating notes for redemp- 
 tion shall enure to the beuetit of the United States; that new notes sluill 
 be issued to the baidcs thus extending, bearing such devices as shall 
 make them readily distinguishable from those previously issued and tliat 
 national baidcs whose corporate existence has expired or sliall hereaiter 
 exi)ire, which do not avail themselves of the privilege of extension, shall 
 give notice (jf ]i(]uidation and (lei)osit lawful money for the retirement 
 of their circulating notes as re{piired by law. It also ])rovides for the 
 extension of the framdiise of ex|)iring associations for tlie sole jjurpose 
 of liquidation until their affairs are linally closed. Tlu' other provis- 
 ions of tlie act in reference to national banks are general in their char- 
 acter and do not exclusively apply to banks whose corporate existence 
 is extended by its provisions. 
 
 Innuediately upon the passage of this act aitj)roi)riate blanks were 
 prepared for the use of tliose banks whose corporate existence was 
 about to expire, and new circulating notes wen; subsequently issued to 
 such institutions as conformed to the law. The note of the denomina- 
 tion of iive dollars has for its vignette the ]>ortrait of the late Tresident 
 (xariield. The iaces of the notes of other denominations are similar to 
 tliose previously issued, but all the new notes have, as a distinctive 
 feature, the charter number engraved six different times in the border, 
 so that the name of the bank issuing the note may be ascei'tained fi(nii 
 fragments thereof. The charter number of each bank is also printed 
 cons])icuously in the center of the reverse or back of each note. Tlu^ 
 brown and green colors of the back of the new notes are said to be a 
 l)rotection against the arts of the photographer and counterfeiter, and 
 
 »Ibid., July 11, 16S2.
 
 124 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 aro printed upon (lie now (li.stiiictivc paper wliicli lias given general 
 satisfaction. 
 
 Under the act of July 12, 1882, 30 l>anlcs have already extended their 
 corporate existence, and nearly all of the banks which were organized 
 under the act of February 25, 1803, have already given notice of their 
 intention to take advantage of the act. The total number of banks 
 M'hose cori)()rate existence either has expired, or would have expired if 
 no action had been taken by their stockholders, is 8G, having a cai)ital 
 of $18,877,500, and surplus of $0,904,854, and circulation of $12,840,010. 
 Of these 50 were ])laced in liquidation by their stockholders ])reviou.s 
 to the date of the expiration of their corporate existence, and all but 
 two before the i)assage of the act of July 12, 1882. The stockholders 
 of 45 of these liquidating banks organized new associations with the 
 same name; those of foar organized new associations with different 
 names, and those of one did not perfect any new organization. The 
 corporate existence of six of the SG banks first mentioned expired * 
 without having been previously put into liquidation. The united stock- 
 holders of three of these banks perfected new organizations with the 
 same name, and in the case of two others a portion of the stockholders 
 organized new associations with different names, while those of one took 
 no action. The stockholders of the remaining 30 of the 80 banks men- 
 tioned, which are all of the banks whose corporate existence has ex- 
 pired since the passage of the act of July 12, 1882, have extended under 
 this act. 
 
 The number of national banks yet in operation at the date of this re- 
 port, organized under the act of February 25, 1803, is 3U7, and their cor- 
 porate existence will expire on the following dates : 
 
 Date. 
 
 December, 1882 
 January, 188:!.. 
 February , 1883. 
 
 No. of 
 banks. 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 294 
 
 Capital. 
 
 $1, 420, 000 
 
 400, 000 
 
 60, 793, 250 
 
 Circulation. 
 
 $1, 278, 000 
 
 360, 000 
 
 53, 222, 170 
 
 Section 8 of the act of June 3, 1864, provides that each association — 
 
 Shall haA^o power to adopt a corporate seal, and shall have succession by the name 
 designated in its organization certificate, for the period of twenty years from its or- 
 ganization, unless sooner dissolved accordiug to the provisions of its articles of asso- 
 ciation, or by the act of its shareholders owning two-thirds of its stock, or unless the 
 franchise shall be forfeited by a violation of this act. 
 
 Under the previous act, banking associations were entitled to succes- 
 sion for twenty years from the date of the passage of the law ,• but under 
 the act of 1804, each association was entitled to an existence of twenty 
 years from the date of its organization certificate. The Merchants' Na- 
 tional Bank of Boston was the first association to organize under the 
 act of June 3, 18(54, and its organization was followed by the conversion 
 of 28 other banks in the city of Boston and 22 in the city of Philadel- 
 phia during the same year, and by the conversion of 38 banks in the 
 city of NcAV York during the year 1805. 
 
 The i)rovisions of the act of July 12, 1882, relating to the extension of 
 the corporate existence of national banking associations, have proved to 
 be well adapted to the purpose for which they were intended. The}' are 
 simple in form and appear to be readily understood by the banks. 
 
 * These baiilcs were, however, revived for purpose of liquidation by section 7 of the 
 act of July 12, 18b2.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 125 
 
 The whole number of banks now in operation whieli or<]^anizcd under 
 the act of June 3, 1801, wliose i)eriods of succession will expire during 
 each year previous to 1900 is 1008, with capital and circulation as follows: 
 
 Years. 
 
 Ko. of 
 bauks. 
 
 CapitaL 
 
 Circulation" 
 
 J 884 . 
 
 18S0 . 
 
 18^7. 
 
 18S8 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1801 . 
 
 1892 , 
 
 1893 . 
 
 1894 . 
 
 1895 , 
 1896 
 1897 . 
 1898. 
 1899, 
 
 Totals. 
 
 249 
 734 
 19 
 6 
 11 
 H 
 03 
 
 lor. i 
 
 105 ' 
 39 i 
 
 t;8 
 
 83 
 L'4 
 'J9 
 
 43 
 
 $89, Cll, 570 
 
 188, 280, 715 
 
 2, 715, 300 
 
 1, 100, OOO 
 
 1, 300, 000 
 600, 000 
 
 9, -JOO, 500 
 13.293,900 
 13, 035, 000 
 4, 740, iJi'O 
 7, 688, 000 
 10, 507, 000 
 
 2, 018, .800 
 
 3, 019, 000 
 2, 649. 000 
 
 4, 930, 000 
 
 354, 845, 985 
 
 $00,520, 825 
 125, 035, 4.i0 
 
 1, 758, 250 
 970, 500 
 719, 100 
 540, OdO 
 
 6,419,950 
 9, 180, 280 
 8,441.270 
 3, 849, 400 
 5, 804, 1,10 
 7, 740, 180 
 l,.'i.52, 500 
 2, 151, 000 
 
 2, 208, 6(10 
 
 3, 910, 901 
 
 241, 474, 355 
 
 One advantage in extending the corjiorate existence of associations 
 under this law, over the only method jjossible previous to its passage, 
 is in the retention of the surplus fund. 
 
 Thus, in the case of the hity-four banks which have been liquidated, 
 either under sections 5220 and 5221, or under section 7 of the act of 
 July 12, 1882, by their stockholders, in order to organize new associa- 
 tions, the surplus was reduced from 85,510,007 to $2,550,252. 
 
 The aggregate surplus of the thirty banks extending their existence 
 under the act of July 12, 1882, has slightly increased. 
 
 COIN A^TD PArER CIRCULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 On another page, tables similar to those which have been given in the 
 three preceding annual reports are iml)lislied, exhibiting the amounts of 
 gold and silver coin and pa])er currency which were in the Treasury, in 
 the banks, and in the hands of the ])eoj)le at the time of the resump- 
 tion of specie payments, and on the 1st of Ifovember of each year since 
 that date. 
 
 The total amount of the circulating medium of the country ou No- 
 vember 1 is given as follows : 
 
 Treasury notes outstanding $340, 681, 016 
 
 National bank notes outstanding 302, 727, 747 
 
 Gold in the Treasury, less certificates held by the banks . . 148, 435, 473 
 
 Standard silver dollars in tlrtj Treasury 92, 414, 977 
 
 Subsidary silver coin and silver bullion in the Treasury. . 30, 701, 985 
 
 Coin in the national banks 102, 302, 003 
 
 Coin in State and savings banks 17, 892, 500 
 
 Estimated amount of coin held by the people 387, 502, 793 
 
 Total 1, 488, 838, 554 
 
 The estimated total cinrcncy of <hc country on November 1 tlius ap- 
 pears to have been nunc than fourteen huiulu'd and eighty eight millions,
 
 126 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 wliictli is fourhnndrcMl and tlurty-tlirce millions in excess of tlio amount 
 held on Jamiary 1, 1870, ami one hundred and ei^dity-six millions in 
 excess of the amount held two years ajjo — on November 1, 1880. The 
 j?ain in .i;oldcoin since tlie resumption of specie payments has been two 
 hundred and eighty-eif^ht millions, and in gold and silver coin three 
 hundred and ninety-1'our millions. The increase in national l)ank notes 
 lias been nearly tliirty-nine millions. 
 
 Ko change has been made in the amount of legal-tender notes out- 
 standing. It remains at $340,081,010, which was the amount outstand- 
 ing at the date of the passage of the act of IMay 31, 1878, which pro- 
 hibited any further reduction of the volume of these notes. 
 
 The act of January 14, 1875, required the Secretary of the Treasury 
 on and after January 1, 1870, to redeem in coin these notes, on their 
 presentation at the oifico of the Assistant Treasurer in the city of Kew 
 York, in sums of not less than fifty dollars. In order that he might always 
 be prepared to do this, he was " authorized to use any surplus revenue 
 from time to time, in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and to 
 issue, sell, and dispose of, at not less than par, in coin," any of the five, 
 four and a half, and four per cent, bonds authorized by the Jict of July 
 14, 1870. This act is still in force, and gives the Secretary unlimited 
 power with which to provide for the redemption in coin of the legal-ten- 
 der notes. He is thus enabled, so long as the credit of the government 
 continues good, to check, by the sale of United States bonds, any ex- 
 portation of coin which might endanger the redemption of United States 
 legal- tender notes. 
 
 These notes were issued at a time when the expenditures of the 
 government were in excess of its revenue. Its receipts now so largely 
 exceed its expenditures that more than 148 millions of the public debt 
 was paid during the past year. The only reason that can be advanced 
 for the increase of these issues, would be that they may be substituted 
 for other forms of public debt, and the only method by which they can 
 now be disbursed is in jjayment of United States bonds, at a time when 
 the bonds are being paid from the surplus revenue at a rate unprece- 
 dented in the history of nations. It is evident that whatever dilierence 
 of opinion may have heretofore existed upon the subject, so long as the 
 revenue shall continue to supply more money than is needed for ex- 
 penditures, there can be no suliicient reason for the authorization by Con- 
 gress of an increase of these notes. 
 
 The act of July 12, 1882, has again inaugurated the policy of issuing 
 gold certificates. These substitutes for coin are hereafter to be issued 
 against deposits of coin in the Treasury, and, together with certificates 
 for silver deposited in like manner, are authorized to be included in the 
 reserves of the banks, and to be used as clearing-house certificates in 
 the cities where clearing-houses are established. They will not increase 
 the amount of the currency in the country, but, by saving the cost of 
 transporting specie from one ])oint to another, will render the stock of 
 specie more available for use by the banks and the people. 
 
 The Comptroller, in his re])ort for 1881, inelaborate tables giving the 
 receipts of banks u])on two different days, showed that the proportion 
 of money required for the transaction of business throughout the whole 
 country was about five per cent, of the total receipts, the remaining 
 ninety-live per cent, being in checks and drafts. There has been dur- 
 ing the current year an increase of 171 in the numberof national banks 
 in operation, and during the three preceding years the increase was 314. 
 During the current year 30 additional State banks and 353 private bank- 
 ers have commenced business. The rapid increase in these i)laces of
 
 KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 127 
 
 deposit briugs iuto use a larger uumber of tlie small cbeclcs of deposit- 
 ors, and largely diminishes the use of the eirculatinir medinm. These 
 de])(jsitorieR, and the amount of capital employed in banUin^iT, notwith- 
 standing the excessive taxation imposed U[)on this l)usin<'ss, nearly 
 Iceep ])aeo with the advance in the poi)ulation and wealth of the coun- 
 try ; but the incr(!aso in the receipts and payment of banks and bank- 
 ers, made by checks ami drafts, shows the absurdity of the theory that 
 the money reijuircd for business purposes, should bear a tixed propur- 
 tionto the population or to the wealth of the country. 
 
 The same causes which have operated to bring about a rapid reduc- 
 tion of the public debt have also tended to increase the circulating me- 
 dium. The large imi>orts of coin, in excess of exports, together with 
 the ])roducts of the mines, have filled the channels of circulation. The 
 circulation during the past year has undoubtedly been nuich larger than 
 at any period since the organization of the government. The per cajuta 
 of circulation is larger, and it is j^robable that its proportion to wealth 
 is greater than at any previous time. It is undouI)tedly large enough 
 to su]i})ly the legitimate demands of business; and it is ])robable that 
 the addition to the coin of the country, since the resumption of specie 
 payments, has been in advance of sucli demands. There has been no 
 complaint of scarcity of money which cannot i)robably be traced to 
 those engaged in speculative business, and however great the aggre- 
 gate of the circulating medium may become, complaints of scarcity will 
 always be heard from those who desire a rise in prices. 
 
 Ko other nation economises the use of its circulating medium as does 
 this, and it is ])robable that but a slight annual increase in the amount 
 of national bank notes outstanding will hereafter be required, provided 
 that the exports of coin are not greatly in excess of imports, and the 
 receipts from our increasing revenue, in excess of the re<piisite reserve, 
 are kept in circulation and not hoarded in the Treasury. 
 
 The interest-bearing bonded debt of the United States has been 
 rai)idly reduced since 18G9, at which time the funding of the miscel- 
 laneous obligations of the government had been successfully accom- 
 plished. The reduction of this debt during the twelve years ending 
 June 30, 1881, has been more than six hundred and forty-eight millions 
 (8048,403,008) and the amount of interest jtaid more than one thousand 
 two hundred and seventy millions (81,1370,500,784) ; the average annual 
 ])aymeut of the principal being 854,033,030, and of interest, $105,883,005. 
 The annual average reduction in the interest-bearing debt during the 
 last three years, ending November 1, has been 81-0,^95,810. The re- 
 duction during the past year was $148,048,550. 
 
 The successful rei'undingof the five ami six per cents as they umtured, 
 at first into four and four and one-half per cents, and subsequently into 
 three and one-half per cents, and during the last year into three per 
 cents, together with the ra[)id reduction of the debt, has had theelVcct 
 of renewing the discussion as to the i)ermanency of the national banking 
 system, and its ability under existing laws to sui)ply the atlditional cir- 
 culation which may be hereafter annually nMiuirccl. The banlcs hold 40 
 millions of three and one-half per cents, and nearly 180 millions of three 
 l)er cents as security for their circulation. If the debt should hereafter 
 continue to be reduced at the same rate as during the last year, all of 
 these bonds will be called for payment in less than three years, and it 
 will be necessary for the baidcs holding such called bonds, either to de- 
 ])osit lawful money for the ])urpose of retiring two hundred millions of 
 their circulation, or to purchase four or four and one-half per cents, or
 
 128 PAPERS ACCO^.rPANVIXG THE 
 
 Pacific Railway six per cents, wbicli are now at a high premium in the 
 market. 
 
 Many plans have been suggested for the purpose of supplying the 
 deficiency in l>nnk circulation, which it is probable will arise as these 
 bonds are paid. 
 
 The systems of banking in operation previous to the establishment 
 of the national banking system, and particularly those known as the 
 "charter" and "safety-fund" systems, have been brought forward for 
 discussion, and opinions have been exj^ressed that under the general 
 restrictions of the national banking system, or with increased limita- 
 tions, it would be advisable for Congress to authorize the issue of circu- 
 lating notes based upon the capital, the assets, and the individual lia- 
 bility of stockljolders, without requiring, as heretofore, the actual deposit 
 of securities in the Treasury for such issues. It has been suggested if 
 the circulation issued be considerably less than the actual capital paid 
 up, and if tlie bill holder be entitled to a first lieu upon all the assets of 
 the bank, and to the amount which maybe collected upon the individual 
 liability of the shareholder, that the people would be abundantly secure 
 from any loss upon the circulation so issued by the banks. As supple- 
 mentary to this proposition, it has also been suggested that the banks 
 be required to hold not less than the minimum amount of bonds now 
 provided by law, which is estimated not to exceed 100 millions of dol- 
 lars, and that in addition they be required to deposit ten per cent, upon 
 their capital in coin with the Treasurer as a safety fund, and that they 
 shall continue to receive each other's notes in payment of obligations 
 due them. 
 
 It is not probable that the stockholders of those banks which do 
 not desire to issue circulation, would be Vvilliug to continue business 
 upon the condition that they should contribute so large an amount to a 
 fund intended to insure the public against the issues of fraudulent or 
 badly-managed institutions. It is suggested, however, that the propo- 
 sition would be improved if banks desiring to issue circulation be re- 
 quired to contribute to such a fund a percentage upon the circulation 
 issued, instead of a percentage upon capital. If this fund, amounting 
 to, say, 30 millions, be held in TJnited States three per cent, bonds instead 
 of coin, and the losses from the circulation of insolvent banks be small, 
 the interest, in the course of a few years, if retained as proposed, would 
 amount to a considerable sum. The large fund on deposit in the Treas- 
 ury for the purpose of redeeming the notes of national banks retiring cir- 
 culation now amounts to more than 38 millions. If it should be thought 
 expedient to invest a considerable portion of this fund in three per cents, 
 thus releasing it from the Treasury, the income might also be added to the 
 safety fund. The gain resulting from the failure on the part of the pub- 
 lic, to present for redemption national bank notes which are being retired 
 by an act of the present Congress, accrues to the benefit of the govern- 
 ment, and it is estimated will amount to not less than from three to five 
 millions during each twenty years. This gain might also properly be 
 included in the proposed safety fund, and in the course of a few years 
 these funds, by reinvestment, would increase to so large an amount, 
 that the securities required to be deposited by the banks could be 
 largely diminished. 
 
 The foregoing propositions have no precedents in any form of general 
 legislation heretofore known in this country. Circulation authorized 
 upon similar plans has heretofore been issued to banks which have been 
 specially chartered, and not to banks organized under a general law. 
 
 is^earlj'- every State in the Union has had its experience in authorizing
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 129 
 
 the issue of bank notes, based exclusively upon the capital and assets 
 of the' banks issuing the same; and many States have required the ac- 
 cumulation of a safety fund for the protection of the public from un- 
 secured and uncurrent bauk notes. In most cases circulation was 
 authorized to be issued by such banks equal to the capital ; sometimes 
 the amount issued was less ; sometimes it largely exceeded the capital. 
 
 The Sufiblk system in the New England States, which was perhaps 
 as good a system as could bo desired to protect a bank circulation not 
 secured by bonds, by a prompt and vigorous redemption of the notes, 
 kept them in a healthy state, but the annual losses upon bank circula- 
 tion, even in the New England States, up to the time of the organiza- 
 tion of the national banking system, were by no means inconsiderable. 
 Notwithstanding the restrictions then existing, banks of circulation were 
 organized with but little capital paid in, and notes, either worthless or 
 irredeemable, were placed in circulation atpoints remote from the places 
 of issue. In New York under the safety fund system, and previous 
 thereto, losses to the bill holders frequently occurred, and in other States, 
 almost without exception, such losses were large, and have usually been 
 estimated to have been, in the aggregate, not less than five per cent, 
 annually of the whole amount outstanding. It is true that there are 
 in England, Ireland, and Scotland 119 private and joint-stock banks, 
 with many branches, which are authorized to issue circulation based 
 upon their capital, but their authorized circulation is only about 100 
 millions of dollars. Thirty-five banks, with numerous branches in the 
 Dominion of Canada, are also authorized to issue circulation in a similar 
 manner, but the total circulation of these banks does not exceed 35 
 millions. Most of these are banks which have been in existence for 
 many years, and were organized under special charters, and the liability 
 of the shareholders in many cases, particularly in Great Britain, is 
 unlimited. 
 
 No State or nation has ever authorized the organization of banks 
 under a general banking law, with the right to issue circulating notes 
 proportionate to capital, except under a restriction requiring the de- 
 posit with the government of securities as the basis for the issue of such 
 notes. Banks in this and in other countries, which have been authorized 
 to issue circulating notes without security, have been those organized 
 under special charters, and in granting such charters the means and 
 character of the applicants and proposed stockholders are subject to 
 investigation by committees and legislators. Propositions for the issue 
 of circulation without the fullest security cannot be too carefully con- 
 sidered. The security of the national-bank note under the present sys- 
 tem is perfect. In twenty years not a single bank note has failed to 
 be redeemed at its face value. Banks organized under a general law, 
 located so often at great distances from commercial centers, render a 
 security for circulation of uniform and positive value an absolute ne- 
 cessity. It is evident that the authorizing of nuire than tliree thousand 
 banks, under a general or free banking law, to issue circulation without 
 security, located in a country having such extensive territory' as our 
 own, would result disastrously. 
 
 Under the present banking system it is diflicult in all cases to pre- 
 vent the organization of banks with deticient capital, but if such banks 
 are organized, at least no injury can hai)i)en from the issue of their cir- 
 culating notes. The failure to pay the capital is almost certain soon 
 to bo ascertained, when such associations can bo summarily closed, or 
 required to make good the deficiency. If under the proposed system, » 
 banks should be organized with deticient capital and receive circula- 
 9Ab
 
 130 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 tion, an inoparablc injury would be acconijdislied l)eforo tlie worth- 
 less cliarac-tcr of the assets could be ascertained. It would be practi- 
 cally impossible for any government officer to prevent unpiincipled 
 jien from organizing and controlling such associations for the purpose 
 of beneti ting- themselves at the expense of the holders of their circu- 
 lating notes. 
 
 There are in this country more than a thousand State banks and trust 
 companies, and nearly thirty-four hundred ])rivate bankers. Tlie temp- 
 tation would be strong, on the part of these corporations and individ- 
 uals, to organize banks of circulation, if circulation could be obtained 
 without depositing bonds as security therefor. The value of the different 
 notes issued would depend upon the management of the l)ank and char- 
 acter and standing of the different stockholders. Many notes would be 
 at a discount in exchange for coin, and the failure of one bank to pay 
 its notes, would throw discredit upon the whole volume of bank circula- 
 tion and the system under which such banks were organized. If the 
 issue of circulation were confined to a few banks, organized by men of 
 character, integrity, and means, such associations would be character- 
 ized as a monopoly. Even if corporations are organized upon the con- 
 dition that all should contribute a percentage of the circulation to a 
 safety fnnd for the protection of the aggregate circulation, there is 
 danger that the issues of fraudulent or badly-managed banks would 
 soon consume the safety fund, and it is evident that the circulation 
 would be paid, if at all, at the exjiense of tiie depositor, who would be, 
 in some cases, stripped of the dividends which under existing laws are 
 distributed to unfortunate creditors. 
 
 Under the national banking system, it is provided that the circula- 
 tion issued shall first be paid from the proceeds of the bonds deposited 
 to secure the same. The proceeds of the remaining assets are distrib- 
 uted pro rata among the creditors. Eighty-seven national banks, in all 
 having an aggregate capital of $19,202,000, have failed during the last 
 twenty years, and since the organization of the system. The amount 
 of circulation to which these banks were entitled under existing laws, 
 namely, ninety per cent, upon capital, is $17,330,340, which is a less 
 amount in the aggregate than the amount of dividends which will have 
 been paid to the creditors of these insolvent institutions. Forty-four 
 of these banks, having a capital of $10,094,000, would each have paid 
 in full their circulation, if ninety per cent, had been issued upon their 
 capital, from the proceeds of their assets, and would also have paid 
 small dividends to their depositors. The remaining forty-three insol- 
 v^ent banks, having a capital of $9,168,60(5, would in the aggregate 
 have paid, it is estimated, seventy-five per cent, only, from the avails of 
 their assets upon the circulation authorized; entailing a loss upon the 
 bill-holders of over $2,000,000, and leaving no assets whatever for the 
 benefit of the depositors, whose claims are $9,043,605, and upon which 
 dividends will be paid averaging, it is estimated, sixty-eight per cent. 
 While these forty-three banks would in the aggregate have paid seventy- 
 five per cent, to the bill-holders, about one-half of this number would 
 have i)aid on the average from the avails of their assets not exceeding 
 fifty per cent, of the amount of their circulating notes. 
 
 The losses which the holders of the notes of insolvent banks would 
 have experienced under the national banking system, if securities had 
 not been required to have been deposited, would have been small in com- 
 parison with the whole circulation. But the fact that such losses would 
 have occurred in so many banks, and that, too, at the expense of the de- 
 positors under a system with so many safeguards and restrictions, is
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 131 
 
 an ar<]fiinient from experience against any projiosition to issne notes for 
 circulation under any oeneral system, without requiring sutticieut secu- 
 rity, wbich cannot easily be answered. 
 
 If tlie public debt is to be i)ind hereafter as rapidly as during the past 
 three years, all of the interest-bearing bonds will soon be surrendered, 
 and canceled, and there is danger that the bank circulation will be so rap- 
 idly retired as to cause a contj-action of the currency which will affect the 
 price of commodities and create embarrassments in business; but there 
 is now no such pressing necessity for a speedy i)ayment of the public 
 debt as there is for the reduction of the redundant revenue. It is be- 
 lieved that Congress will soon provide for so large a reduction of the 
 revenue that a sufficient amount of bonds will remain for the security of 
 the bank circulation. 
 
 The national banks held, on November 1, bonds for circulation, not 
 paj'able at the pleasure of the government, as follows : 
 
 Four and one-half per cent, bonds §3:5, 754, 650 
 
 Pacilic Kaihvay sixes 3, 52G, UllO 
 
 Four i>er cent, bonds 104,'J17,500 
 
 Total 14-^,198,150 
 
 None of these bonds will be payable until nine years hence, in the 
 year 1891. Tlie total amount of bonds outstanding, hchl by the banks 
 and by the people, which are available for circulation, and not payable 
 at the pleasure of the government, and cannot be redeemed except by 
 purchase in the market, is as follows : 
 
 Four per cents., payable July 1, 1907 $7;;3, 929, 600 
 
 Four and one-half per cents., payable September 1, 1891 250,000,000 
 
 Pacific Eailway sixes, payable ^-epteniber 1, 1895 $;{, 002, 000 
 
 Pacilic Railway sixes, payable Sei)tfniber 1, 1896 8,000,000 
 
 Paciiic Kailway sixes, payable Sei»t('niber 1, 1S97 9,712,000 
 
 Pacific Railway sixes, ])ayal)le Septeniber 1, 1898 29, :58:!, 000 
 
 Paciiic Railway sixes, payable SeptenilxT 1, 1899 *14, 520,512 
 
 64, 623, 512 
 
 1,053, 55.'?, 112 
 
 These bonds, including the Pacific sixes, amount to nearly 1,054: 
 millions, and are abundantly sntlicient as a basis for banking during 
 the next twenty years. In fact, oiuvfourth of this debt, exclusive of the 
 142 millions held by the banks, is sulllcient to supply a basis for the bank 
 notes now outstanding. The law provides that any bank may reduce 
 the amount of its bonds held as security for circulation, to an amount 
 not less than $50,000, and, by an act of the present Congres.s, banks 
 having a capital of $150,000 or less can reduce their bonds to a mini- 
 mum of one-fourth of their capital. The aggregate anmnnt of baidc cir- 
 culation outstanding has not bcsen reduced for a series of years, as may 
 be seen from the following table, which gives the total amount of the 
 national bank circulation outstanding on the 1st of June and 1st of .No- 
 vember of each year since 1873 : 
 
 Date, 
 
 NatioTinl-bank 
 uotos. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Nnlioiial-biink 
 uotcs. 
 
 Jiimi 1, 1874 
 
 $3.'-il,8:.0,.'-.02 
 3r..l, .1 -..5, 473 
 ;>:hi, oii.'i, <.ao 
 ;!iit, (liifi, lii'j 
 
 :)■'.'!, 988, (IS."! 
 
 ;!'2i), .'i:t!i,4ii 
 ;u.^ is.'i, 78,'! 
 
 354. 151,718 
 35SI, 875, 334 
 
 1 
 
 November 1, 1874 ............ 
 
 $354, 077, 246 
 348, 21(5, «H)3 
 323,241 3U8 
 
 Jmii- 1, 1K7.5 
 
 NoVtMllIXT 1, 187.'> 
 
 JiiiiM 1, 187ti 
 
 
 Jiiic ], l,<77 
 
 Juno 1, IS7S 
 
 >'<ivoiiilMr 1, 1877 
 
 NovcMiili.T 1,1878 
 
 Novt-niliiT 1, 187i) .... 
 
 318,207,231 
 ^C'j Ado 71.5 
 
 Jlm(^l, 1^7!t 
 
 337 181 418 
 
 JuiiO 1, |M,-<0 
 
 Novi'iiilu'r 1, 1880 
 
 343 834 17 
 
 June 1, 1881 
 
 Novi-nibrr 1,1881 
 
 360, 344, 2.50 
 3C2, 7'J7, 747 
 
 June 1,1882 
 
 November 1, 1882 
 
 
 
 
 ^$183, 512 of tills amount u payable in 19jU, and |4,C60 in 1002,
 
 182 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Tl)o abovo t;!l)lo (exhibits the total circulation actually outstanding, 
 whicli iiicludcK the notes of the iii.solvent banks, of those in voluntary 
 liquidation, ami of those which have deposited lawful money for the pur- 
 pose of reducing- their circulation. 
 
 The cinudation of the banks in operation during? the present year 
 has, howev(u-, by tlie paynuint of the bonds held as security and the 
 voluntary retirement of bank notes, been reduced from $.'320,200,009 to 
 $;U4,721,2]o, as will be seen from the table below, which gives, by geo- 
 grapliical divisions, the amount of notes outstanding of the banks in 
 operation in the mouth of October yearly since 1877. 
 
 
 1877. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 
 No. of 
 bauks. 
 
 Circulation. 
 
 l^nkS Circulation. 
 
 No. of 
 banks. 
 
 Circulation. 
 
 Now Kiipland States 
 
 543 
 633 
 176 
 693 
 
 $107, 308, 787 00 
 
 102, 562, 331 00 
 
 20, 604, 171 00 
 
 58, 542, 738 00 
 
 2, 856, 209 00 
 
 .543 $112,100,441 00 
 635 109, 134, 919 00 
 17G 21, 837, 670 00 
 663 55, 850, 523 00 
 36 2, 958, 539 00 
 
 547 
 641 
 175 
 649 
 
 $117, 088, 368 00 
 113,121,339 00 
 
 Southern St:ites 
 
 23, 478, 426 00 
 56, 921, 027 00 
 
 Pacific States and Territories 
 
 35 
 
 36 3, 177, 182 00 
 
 2,080 
 
 291, 874, 236 00 
 
 2,053 
 
 301, 888, 092 00 
 
 2,048 
 
 313, 786, 342 00 
 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 No. of 
 banks. 
 
 Circnlation. 
 
 No. of 
 banks. 
 
 Circulation. 
 
 No. of 
 banks. 
 
 Circulation, 
 
 New England States 
 
 Middle States 
 
 550 
 657 
 179 
 660 
 44 
 
 $121, 460, 013 00 
 
 110, 765, 602 00 
 
 24, 305, 338 00 
 
 57, 048, 761 00 
 
 3, 770, 322 00 
 
 554 
 668 
 185 
 673 
 52 
 
 $123, 764, 682 00 
 
 111, 639, 689 00 
 
 24, 698, 702 00 
 
 56, 268, 899 00 
 
 3, 828, 097 00 
 
 558 
 686 
 208 
 743 
 74 
 
 $119, 658, 618 00 
 109, 0.39, 214 00 
 
 
 2,5, 105, 793 00 
 
 
 56, 376, 988 00 
 
 Pacific States and Territories 
 
 4, 540, 602 00 
 
 
 2, 090 317, 350, 036 00 
 
 2,132 
 
 320, 200, 069 00 
 
 2, 269 314, 721, 215 00 
 
 The reduction from January 1 to July 1 of the present year -was still 
 greater, and amounted to more than 16 millions, but the amount has 
 again increased, as is usual in the fall season of the year. Banks, during 
 the year, have been frequently called upon to surrender their bonds to 
 the Secretary for payment. In sucli cases the three and the three and 
 one-half per cents have usually been substituted or the circulation sur- 
 i-endered. The amount of four and four and one-half per cents held as 
 security for bank notes have, however, during the year increased more 
 than 14 millous. 
 
 The banks hold, as has been seen, 220 millions of dollars of United 
 States bonds which are subject to the call of the government, and these 
 bonds can be replaced only by other bonds bearing a high premium, 
 a lid payable after a fixed date. If these latter bonds are not substituted 
 for the* former, the circulation of the banks will be reduced about 200 
 millions. 
 
 The profit upon circulation upon the four and foiu' and a half per cent, 
 bdiuls, where the rate of interest is six per cent., is not much in excess 
 of three-lifths of one percent., and where the rates of interest are above 
 <'ig]it i)or cent, the profits are nominal, and are not sufficient to induce 
 T ho banks to purchase large amounts as security for circulation. Where 
 the profits are so small there is a serious objection to the investment of
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 133 
 
 SO largo an amount of capital iu premium, wbicb, in the case of four per 
 cent, bonds, amounts to one-fiftb of tbe face value of tbe bonds. 
 
 If tbe wbole public debt were reduced to a uniform rate of three per 
 cent., tbe present bigb premium upon bonds would almost entirely dis- 
 appear, and tbe volume of circulation would resi)ond more readily to 
 tbe demands of business. Tbe temptation to sell sucb bonds for the 
 purpose of realizing tbe premium would no longer remain. A prop- 
 osition for refunding all tbe bonds, not payable at tbe jileasure of the 
 government, into three ])er cents, was suggested during the last ses- 
 sion of Congress. Tbe proposition is that inducements be offered to the 
 bolders of tlie four and four and one-half per cent, bonds to surrender 
 them to the government, receiving in payment therefor three per cent, 
 bonds having the same dates of maturity as the bonds which are to be 
 surrendered. The new three per cent, bonds issued would themselves 
 bear a small i)remium, and it is believed that tbe holders of four per 
 cents, would consent to such an exchange if accom])anied by an otfer 
 of not more than hfteen per cent, premium. Tbe amount of tbe pre- 
 mium upon this class of bonds, say 700 millions, now outstanding at 
 fifteen per cent, would be lO.j millions of dollars, and this i)remium 
 could be paid, as the bonds are surrendered for exchange, from tbe 
 surplus revenue of the government, thus in effect reducing the debt of 
 the government 105 millions by a prepayment of interest which must 
 be paid at a greater rate eacli year until their maturity. 
 
 Tbe benefits of this plan both to the holder and to tbe government 
 are apparent. The bolders would receive, in the shape of fifteen per 
 cent, premium upon the bonds, a portion of their interest in advance, 
 which would be available for loans at rates greatly exceeding tbe bor- 
 rowing power of tbe government, Avhich is now less than three i^er cent. 
 Tbe government would be enabled by this use of its surplus to save a 
 ])ortion of the interest which otherwise it would be compelled to pay 
 hereafter. 
 
 The market price of the four per cent, twenty-five-year bonds is now 
 119.20, which indicates a market estimate of a borrowing rate of interest 
 of 2.92 per cent. i)er annum to tbe government. At tliis rate the 
 l)resent value of one i)er cent, of interest njjon each $100 bond annually 
 for twenty live years, relincniisbed by tbe holder, is 817.70. If tbe holder 
 accepts fifteen dollars as an equivalent for tlu^se twenty-five annual 
 l)ayments, instead of $17.70 — a reduction of 82.70 from tbe market 
 estimate of tbe value — the government will ])ractically jjurcliase from 
 tbe bolder of the bond at a four and one-half i)pr cent, rate of interest 
 instead of at 2.!)2 per cent. In other words, tbe present value of the 
 twenty-five one dollar annual payments relinquished by the holder, when 
 comi»uted at tbe rate of 2.92 i)er cent, per annum, is worth 817.70; but 
 com])uted at tbe rate of four and one-half i)er cent, is worth only $15, a 
 premium whicli, it is believed, tbe holders would be willing to accei)t; 
 and if tbe government be alilc to invest its siirphis revenue at a rate so 
 favorable to itself as four and one-half per cent., tbei'e would seem to be 
 good reason for Congress to ])rovi«le the necessary legislation for author- 
 izing an arrangement which can also be shown to be of advantage to tbe 
 hohlers of tbe four ]»er cent, bonds. 
 
 One alternative would be to reduce the tax upon circulation to "one- 
 half of one jier cent, per annum, and anotber to amend section 12 of the 
 act of July 12, 1882, so as to authorize tbe banks to receive circulation 
 at the rate of ninety ])v.v cent. ui»on tlie average current market value of 
 the bonds for the six months juevious. Jf tbe bonds shall decline in 
 the market, additional bonds may be required to be deposited, or the
 
 134 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 interest may be retained by the Treasurer upon notice from tlie Comp- 
 troller to malce u]) the deticiency. vSucli an amendment lias frequently 
 been Ru^gested, and, in fact, the orij^inal national Itank act autliorized 
 the issue of circulating notes to the amount of 90 per centum of the 
 current market value of United States six per cent, bonds deposited, 
 provided that such 90 per centum was not in excess of the amount of 
 the bonds at their par value, or in excess of the paid-in capital stock. 
 That law also provided for the deposit of additional bonds or money upon 
 their depreciation, or the suspension of payment of interest upon the 
 bonds held, so lonjj as the depreciation should continue. 
 
 It is submitted that the issue of circulation upon four and four and 
 a half per cents at ninety per cent, upon their current market value, 
 under a restriction similar to that last mentioned, is equally safe \nth. 
 the issue of ninety per cent, upon the three per cents now outstanding 
 at par; or that a reduction of the tax upon circulation to one-half of 
 one per cent., or to an amount sufBcient to reimburse the Treasury for 
 the whole expense of the issue of bank circulation and all expenses in- 
 cident thereto, is not unreasonable in view of the fact of the large re- 
 duction upon the income derived from United States bonds, amounting 
 to more than two per cent, since this tax was imposed. 
 
 Either of these plans is feasible and woukl prevent a sudden contrac- 
 tion of the currency, by bringing into possession of the banks a sufticient 
 amount of bonds to supply the circulation which is needed, and is cer- 
 tainly greatly to be i>referred to the propositions for a large increase in 
 legal-tender notes — if such issues were practicable — or to the issue of 
 bank circulation without a deposit of bond security under restrictions 
 however stringent. 
 
 If, however, it shall be the policy of the government to accumulate 
 the revenue instead of largely reducing it, thus rendering it necessary 
 to continue the rapid reduction of the debt even if it is to be purchased 
 at the x)rice fixed by the holders, it is of the greatest importance that 
 the basis upon which the bank currency is issued should be enlarged so 
 as to include some other form of security besides government credit. 
 
 The national banking system has been in operation nearly twenty 
 years, and may be said to have not yet attained its majority. It is part 
 of the machinery of the government. Its advantages have been well 
 tested in good and in evil times, and during the searching and acrimo- 
 nious discussions of the last ten years, the final result of which has been 
 the legislation of the present Congress authorizing the extension of the 
 period of succession of each one of these institutions for twenty years 
 from the date of the expiration of its corporate existence. The Comp- 
 troller, while he believes it is for the best interests of the government 
 to continue the national banking system, subject to such improvements 
 as shall hereafter be authorized by Congress, is after all of opinion that 
 it would be better that the circulation shouhl diminish in volume, than 
 that the issue should be increased at the risk of placing in the hands 
 of the poorer classes uncnrrent and irredeemable circulation, or of giv- 
 ing to associations organized by unscrupulous men an opportunity to 
 use an excellent system of banking for bad i)urposes. 
 
 The national banking system was established with a view to up- 
 root other and evil systems, and nothing but the heroic legislation 
 of taxing bad issues of circulation out of existence, which was passed 
 in the interests of the government during a great war, could have ac- 
 com]>lished this purpose. By increasing the rate of issue upon the 
 bonds i)ledged by the banks as security for their circulation, or by 
 reducing the tax upon bank notes, or by a proper refunding of the debt,
 
 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 
 
 135 
 
 and reducing the revenue derived in many instances from unjust and 
 burdensome taxation, the system may continue for twenty-five years, 
 or until the maturity of the four per cents ; but it is far better that the 
 right to issue notes shouhl be gradually' discoutinued than tliat so good 
 a system should be used to bring again upon the country the very evils 
 which were experienced at the time of its organization, twenty years ago. 
 
 DISTRIBUTION OF COIN AND TAPER CURRENCY. 
 
 In the reports of the Comptroller fur the three years ])receding 18S5, 
 tables have been given showing tlie amount of coin and currency, and 
 its distribution in the Treasury, in the banks, and in the hands of the 
 people on January 1, 1879, the date of the resum]>tion of specie pay- 
 ments, and on November 1 of that and eacli succeeding year. These 
 tables are again presented, the amounts on November 1, 1882, having 
 been added. 
 
 From November 1, 1881, to November 1, 1882, the production of gold 
 by the mines of the United States is estimated at $13,359,021, and the 
 amount of gold exported from the country, in excess .of the amount im- 
 ported, has been $36,122,536. The difference, $7,236,485, is the increase 
 during the year. The Director of the ]\Iint estimates that $2,700,000 of 
 this amount has been used in the arts, leaving $4,536,485 as the increase 
 in the stock of gold remaining in the country and available for circula- 
 tion. The total excess of imports of gold over ex])orts, from the date 
 of resumption to November 1, 1882, has been $161,311,578, and the total 
 gold i)roduct of the mines of the United States for the same period is 
 estimated to have been $147,509,021. This is the first year sinc^e 1879 
 during which the exportation of gold has exceeded the imi)ortation. 
 During the last two months (September and October, ]4;82) the imports 
 Lave, however, slightly exceeded the exports. 
 
 The amount of standard silver dollars coined during the year has been 
 $27,657,175, and the total amount coined up to November 1, 1882, since 
 the passage of the law of February 28, 1878, authorizing their coinage, 
 has been $128,329,880. 
 
 The following table shows the amount of coin and currency in the 
 country on Januarv 1, 1879, and on November 1 of the years 1879, 1880, 
 1881, and 1882 : 
 
 
 Jarmary 
 1, i«7a. 
 
 NoveniLer 
 1, 1879. 
 
 Novoniber 
 1, 1880. 
 
 Novpnibor 
 1, 1881. 
 
 November 
 1, 1882. 
 
 
 $27P, 310,120 
 100,573,803 
 340,081,010 
 323,791,074 
 
 $3r.r.,6Si,r.32 
 
 120,009,537 
 340,681,011) 
 337,181,418 
 
 ^53, 882, 092 
 158,320,911 
 340,081,010 
 343,8;t4, 107 
 
 $502, 5fiS, 971 
 ISO, 037, 365 
 340,081.010 
 300, 344, 250 
 
 $.567,105,450 
 
 
 212,324,335 
 
 LeKal-tt'iuler notes 
 
 340,081.010 
 302, 727, 747 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 1,055,350,019 
 
 1, 165. 553, 503 \1, 302, 718, 720 
 1 
 
 1,455,031,002 
 
 1, 488, 838, 554 
 
 There has been no change in the aggregate of legaltondor notes out- 
 standing, which remains as lixed by the act of May 31, 1878. National- 
 bank notes have increased $2,383,497 during the year ; the amounts of 
 gold and silver coin have increased $4,536,485 and $26,280,970, respec- 
 tively, making a total increase in coin and currency of $33,206,952. 
 
 The table below gives the portion of coin and cunency held by the 
 United States Treasury, and by the national and State banks. The 
 amounts in the Treasury are ior the same dates as in the preceding 
 
 * Estimate of Diiector of tbe Mint, -which includes bullion in process of coinage.
 
 136 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 table, and those in tlie national banks are ior the dates of the bank re- 
 turns nearest thereto, viz, January 1 and October 2, 3879, October 1, 
 1880 and 1881, and October 3, 1882. The amounts in the State banks, 
 trust companies, and savings banks have been comjnled in this office 
 from official reports for the nearest obtainable dates. 
 
 
 January 
 1, 1879. 
 
 November 
 1, 1879. 
 
 November 
 1, 1880. 
 
 November 
 1, 1881. 
 
 November 
 1, 1882. 
 
 GOLD. 
 
 In tbo Treasury, less certiii- 
 cati's 
 
 .$112, 703, 342 
 35, 039, 201 
 10, 937, 812 
 
 $156, 907, 986 
 37, 187, 238 
 12, 171, 292 
 
 $133, 679, 349 
 102, 851, 032 
 17, 102, 130 
 
 $167 781 909 
 
 «i4fi i-ir, 475 
 
 lu national banks, inclading 
 
 107 222 169 oi 197 no>i 
 
 Zn State banks, including cer- 
 
 19, 901, 491 
 
 17, 892, 500 
 
 
 Total gold 
 
 158, 680, 355 
 
 206, 266, 516 
 
 253, 632, 511 
 
 294, 905, 569 
 
 260, 455, 297 
 
 
 SILVER. 
 
 In tbe Treasury, standard .sil- 
 ver dollars _. 
 
 In the Treasury, bullion. .'. 
 
 In tbe Treasury, fractional coin . 
 
 17, 249, 740 
 9, 121, 417 
 6,048,194 
 6, 460, 357 
 
 32, 115, 073 
 
 3, 824, 931 
 17, 854, 327 
 
 4, 980, 492 
 
 47, 156, 588 
 6, 185, 000 
 
 24, 635, 561 
 6, 495. 477 
 
 66, 576, 378 
 3, 424, 575 
 
 25, 984, 687 
 7, 112, 567 
 
 92, 414 977 
 
 4, 012, 503 
 
 ■ 26,749,482 
 
 8, 234, 739 
 
 
 
 Total silver 
 
 38, 879, 908 
 
 58, 780, 823 
 
 84, 472, 626 
 
 103, 098, 207 
 
 131.411.701 
 
 
 
 CURRENCY. 
 
 In the Treasury, less certifl- 
 cates 
 
 44, 425, 655 
 
 126, 491, 720 
 
 25, 944, 485 
 14, 513, 779 
 
 21, 711, 376 
 
 118, 546, 369 
 
 25, 555, 280 
 15. 880. 921 
 
 18, 221, 826 
 
 86, 439, 925 
 
 25, 828, 794 
 17, 072, 680 
 
 22, 774, 830 
 
 77, 630, 917 
 
 27, 391, 317 
 11, 782, 243 
 
 26, 224, 248 
 92, 549, 767 
 
 27, 086, 482 
 14, 724, 978 
 
 In n.itional banks, including 
 certificates 
 
 In State banks, including cer- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 211, 375, 639 181, 693, 946 
 
 147,563,225 139,579,307 
 
 160, 580, 475 
 
 
 
 Grand totals 
 
 408, 935, 902 
 
 446, 741, 285 
 
 485, 668, 362 
 
 537, 583, 083 
 
 552, 447, 473 
 
 
 If the amounts of gold and silver coin and of currency in the above 
 table — that is, the amounts of these items in the Treasury and the banks — 
 be deducted in each case from the amounts of gold and silver coin and 
 currency in the country, as shown in the first table, the remainder will 
 be, approximately, the amounts which are in the hands of the people, 
 as follows: 
 
 
 January 
 1, 1879. 
 
 November 
 1, 1879. 
 
 November 
 1, 1880. 
 
 November 
 1, 1881. 
 
 November 
 1, 1882. 
 
 Gold 
 
 $119, 629, 771 
 
 67, 693, 895 
 
 459, 097, 051 
 
 $149,415,016 
 
 67, 228, 714 
 502, 168, 488 
 
 $200, 250, 181 
 73, 848, 285 
 542, 951, 898 
 
 $267, 663, 402 
 
 82, 939, 158 
 
 567, 445, 959 
 
 $306, 650, 159 
 
 Silver 
 
 80, 912, 634 
 
 
 548, 828, 288 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 646,420,717 
 
 718, 812, 218 
 
 817, 050, 364 
 
 918, 048, 519 
 
 936, 391, 081 
 
 
 
 The gold in the Treasury, including bullion in the process of coinage, 
 has decreased during the year $19,340,436, and in the banks $15,103,846. 
 The paper currencj' in the Treasury has increased 83,449,418, and in the 
 banks $17,557,650. The increase of gold outside of the Treasury and 
 the banks has been $38,986,757, and the decrease of paper currency, 
 exclusive of silver certificates, $18,617,671. In the foregoing tables 
 the silver certificates issued by the Treasury have not been included, but 
 the standard silver dollars held for their redemption on presentation
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 137 
 
 form a portion of the silver coin in the Treasury. The silver certificates 
 in the hands of the people and the banks, at dates corresponding -with. 
 those given in the preceding tables, were as follows: 
 
 January 1, 1879 $413,360 
 
 November 1, 1879 1,004,370 
 
 November 1, 18b0 19,780,240 
 
 November 1, 1881 r)8,838,770 
 
 November 1. 1882 (55.620.450 
 
 It will be seen that the amount of these certificates in circulation has 
 increased only $6,781,080 during the past year, and if this whole increase 
 were held outside of the banks, it would not offset the decrease of 
 $18,617,071 in other forms of paper currencj^ in the hands of the people, 
 for which coin has been substituted. 
 
 As before stated, the total amount of standard silver dollars coined 
 up to November 1, 1882, was $128,329,880, of which, as shown in 
 one of the foregoing tables, $92,414,977 was then in the Treasury, al- 
 though an amount equal to $65,620,450 was represented by certificates 
 in the hands of the people and the banks, leaving $26,794,527 belonging 
 to the Treasury. Of the $128,329,880 coined, $35,914,903 was therefore 
 circulating outside of the Treasury in the form of coin, and $65,620,450 in 
 the form of certificates. The remainder of the silver, 883,994,455, con- 
 sisted of subsidiary coin, trade dollars, and bullion, of which $30,761,935 
 was in the Treasury, and $53,232,520 w^as in use in place of the paper 
 fractional currency for which it was substituted, as against $55,955,398 
 similarly employed on November 1, 1881. The increase of gold and sil- 
 ver coin and paper currency, outside of the Treasury, since the date of 
 resumption is thus estimated to have been $289,964,414, and the increase 
 during the year ending November 1, 818,336,612; or, if the amount of 
 silver certificates in circulation be added, the total increase since re- 
 sumption would be $355,172,504, and during the past year, $25,118,292. 
 
 ILLEaAL CERTIFICATION OF CHECKS. 
 
 The i)ractice of certifying checks had been in use for more than thirty 
 years, previous to the organization of the national banking system, and 
 at least twenty years i)revious to the establishment of the clearing house. 
 
 In the beginning, this certification was not considered as legally' bind- 
 ing the bank to pay the check. For many years it had little significa- 
 tion other than as giving clerical information, and the amount of the 
 check, when certified, was not charged to the account of the drawer 
 until it was afterwards presented for payment. Subsequently, after the 
 year 1854, when the clearing house was organized, it became the custom 
 to present checks, and also bills receivable or acceptances on the day of 
 maturity at the bank where they were made payable for certification. 
 The bills and checks which were certified, Avere then returned to the 
 bank messenger who had presented them, and on the following morning 
 were transmitted to the clearing house with other exchanges. 
 
 The certification consisted of tlie signature of the i)aj'ing teller, written 
 across the face of the paper inside of a stamp bearing the date of the 
 certification and the title of the bank. This Ibrm of certification was 
 regarded as a legal obligation of the bank, and the amount of the check 
 was charged to the account of the drawer at the date of the certification. 
 If the maker or acceptor of notes or bills was in good standing at the 
 bank at which it was made payable, such bills were not unfrequently 
 certified, even if the full amount was not to the credit of the account to
 
 138 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 whicli it waR subsequently charged. Bills or cliecks are usually pre- 
 sented for certilication during the first business hours of tlje day, and 
 the deposits of merchants and brokers are not usually made until the 
 later hours of the day. The oflicers of the l)ank, who know the usual 
 habits of their dealers in making their deposits, as w(;ll as their respon- 
 sibility, do not hesitate to assume the payment of checks or drafts 
 which they feel assured will be ]n-ovided for before the exchanges of 
 the clearing house are received. If these certifications were confined to 
 mercantile and commercial transactions, little objection would have 
 been raised to the practice, and it is not probable that tliere would have 
 been any legislation prohibiting it. It would certainly seem to be ad- 
 visable to leave to the discretion of a bank the right to accept bills 
 drawn by corres])on dents at a distance, or by merchants at home, whose 
 standing is beyond question, and whose deficiency in the account is 
 known to arise from delay in receiving remittances or making deposits. 
 A refusal to certify or pay under such circumstances would be likely to 
 subject the bank to the loss of the accounts of its most valuable dealers. 
 
 Such legitimate certifications in mercantile or commercial transactions 
 are for compaiatively small amounts, and would not attract attention 
 as a large item in the abstracts of the condition of the banks in the city 
 of New York, to which this practice is chiefly confined. 
 
 The large use of these instruments by which the banks in efi'ect 
 guarantee the contracts of stock-brokers with their customers has 
 grown to be a great abuse during the past few years, and cannot be de- 
 fended ujion any correct principle of banking. This business is chiefly 
 done by nine or ten national banks, although other banks, organized 
 under State laws as well as national, certify similar checks for consid- 
 erable amounts. 
 
 Section 5208 of the Eevised Statutes makes it — 
 
 Unlawful for any officer, clerk or agent of any national banking association to cer- 
 tify any check drawn upon the association, unless the person or company draw- 
 ing the check has on deposit with the association, at the time such check is certified, 
 an amount of money equal to the amount specified in such check. 
 
 There are many methods of evading this law. If certification is 
 required in excess of the amount on deposit a demand note is made, 
 and the amount thereof is entered to the credit of the broker desiring 
 the accommodation; or his check upon another bank is received with- 
 out certification, and a temporaiy credit entered upon his account, and 
 these temporary credits are canceled at the close of business when the 
 account has been made good. Brokers asking for such over-certifica- 
 tions keep large balances to their credit, on which the bank pays no 
 interest. Certification is made without charge, the bank recei\ing its 
 compensation in tlie large deposits which s1:and to the credit of the 
 broker. The banks justify the practice upon the ground that it is of 
 great convenience to the community, and that stock transactions, par- 
 ticularly, could not be carried on without some such arrangement. They 
 insist that for many years only trifling losses have arisen from the 
 practice — very much less than the losses incurred by them in ordinary 
 discounts. 
 
 Section 13 of the act of July 12, 1882, provides : 
 
 That any officer, clerk, or agent of any national-banking association who shall 
 willfully violate the provisions of an act entitled "An act in reference to certifying 
 checks by national banks," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sjxry-uine, 
 bein^ section lifty-two hundred and eight of the Eevised Statutes of the United "Stutes, 
 or who shall resort to any device, or receive any fictitious obligation, direct or collat- 
 eral, in order to evade the provisions thereof, oV who shall certify cliecks before the
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 139 
 
 amount thereof shall have been regularly entered to the credit of the dealer upon the 
 hooks of the banking association, shall he defnie<l guilty of a iiiisdi;nif'anor, and shall, 
 on conviction thereof in any circuit, or dislritt court of the United States, be fined not 
 more than live thousand dollars, or shall be imprisoned not moro than five years, or 
 both, in the discretion of the court. 
 
 Previous to the passajje of tbis act those national banks wliieli are 
 accustomed to make lar^^c advauces to brokers for stock transactions 
 certified checks for large amounts under evasions of tlM3 law, or such 
 arrangements or agreements as were deemed by tiieui not to bo in con- 
 flict with section 5208 of the Kevised Statutes. The latter act seems to 
 have been passed for the purpose of preventing the evasions of tbe pre- 
 vious law to which reference has been made. The language of the 
 section is : " Or who shall resort to any device or receive any fictitious 
 obligation, direct or collateral, in order to evade the provisions thereof." 
 
 Since the passage of this act the banks have accepted checks which 
 have been drawn ui)on them instead of certifying them, and have as- 
 sumed that such acceptance is not in violation of law. In some cases 
 these acceptances are made ])ayable through the clearing house, the 
 effect of which form of acceptance is that such checks are payable upon 
 the following day; in other cases the acceptance is made without any 
 condition as to the mode of its payment. The banks claim that they 
 have i)ower to accept checks under the third and seventli i)aragrai)hs of 
 section 5136 of the ilevised Statutes. The former authorizA's national 
 banks " to make contracts," and the latter i)rovides for the "exercise of 
 all such incidental powers as shall be necessary to carry on the business 
 of banking." It is also claimed that section 5209 of the Kevised Stat- 
 utes, which provides that it shall be a misdemeanor for an ollicer of a 
 bank to make acceptances without i)roper authority, by implication au- 
 thorizes acceptances to be made with the authority of the directors, and 
 that the act of July 12, 1882, does not, in plain terms, prohibit such ac- 
 ceptance. The Comptroller being in doubt in reference to the proper 
 construction of the section, pre]>ared a letter containing the following 
 questions, which, at his request, was submitted by the Secretary to the 
 Attorney-General for his opinion : 
 
 Has a national bank the legal right to accept cheeks drawn upon it, unless the 
 drawer has the amount stated in the check a<:tually on deposit in the bankf 
 
 If a national bank has the power to make such an acceptance, would such accept- 
 ance at a time when the money was not on deposit to the credit of the drawer be a 
 liability to it for money borrowed, and as such be required to be limited to one-t-enth 
 of the paid-in capital of tlie bank, as provided by section 5200 United States Revised 
 Statutes? 
 
 If a national bank has the ])ower to aocejit such checks equal in amount in anyone 
 case to one-tenth of its capital, would the accejitiince of any number of checks to an 
 amount exceeding, in the aggregate, the amount of its paid-in capital be in violation 
 of section 5202 United States Revised Statutes i 
 
 The violation of section 5208, Kevised Statutes, subjected a national 
 bank to the api)ointment of a receiver. The law was not mandatory, ami 
 the ajipointment was left to the judgment and discretion of the Comp- 
 troller. The proper ground for the ai)i)ointment of areceiverisinsolvency, 
 and it may be qiu^stionc^d whether the responsibility for taking a bank 
 from the control of its owners should be exercised in other cases than 
 insolvency until the question of violation of law shnll have been brought 
 before the courts for <letennination. >*'o a])poinlments of receivers have 
 ever been made since the organization of tlie national banking system, 
 excejit in cases of insolvency, although two large banks wliicli had 
 previously been foun<l to lie insolvent, were placed m charge of a re- 
 ceiver for illegal certification of checks.
 
 140 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The passa^'e of tlic act of March 3, 18G!) (section 5208, Kevised Stat- 
 utes), and tlie exaiiiiiiations wliicli followed, had the effect to check and 
 diminisli the ])rnctice of certification. The practice has, however, 
 greatly increased during tlie hist three years, and the returns of the 
 banks for October 3, the date of their hist statement, discloses the fact 
 that the amount of certificates or acceptances made on that day was 
 nearly one-third greater than for a corresponding date in the year pre- 
 vious ; and that the amount of acceptances for stock-brokers of nine 
 national banks on that day was more than nine times the aggregate cap- 
 ital stock of those banks, as may be seen from the following table, which 
 exhibits the amount of capital and certified checks or acceptances out- 
 standing of all the national banks of New York City for corresponding 
 dates from 1875 to 1882 inclusive, and like information in reference to 
 nine national banks for the same dates. 
 
 Date. 
 
 No. of 
 banks. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Certified 
 checks. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Ko. of 
 
 banks. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Certified 
 checks. 
 
 June 30, 1875 
 
 48 
 
 $68, 500, 000 
 
 $41, 223, 840 
 
 June 30, 1875 
 
 9 
 
 $18, 300, 000 
 
 $25, 889, 826 
 
 October 1. 1875... 
 
 48 
 
 68, 500, 000 
 
 28, 049, 100 
 
 October 1, 1875.. 
 
 9 
 
 18, 300, 000 
 
 17, 835, 333 
 
 Jime30, 1876 
 
 47 
 
 6G, 400, 000 
 
 36, 983, 391 
 
 June 30, 1876 
 
 9 
 
 17, 100, 000 
 
 22, 893, 395 
 
 October 2, 1876... 
 
 44 
 
 65, 850, 000 
 
 38, 725, 100 
 
 October 2, 1876.. 
 
 9 
 
 17, 100, 000 
 
 20, 722, 766 
 
 June 22, 1877 
 
 47 
 
 57, 400, 000 
 
 29, 450, 134 
 
 June 22, 1877... . 
 
 9 
 
 14, 300, 000 
 
 19,191,192 
 
 October 1, 1877... 
 
 47 
 
 57, 400, 000 
 
 29, 199, 900 
 
 October 1, 1877.. 
 
 9 
 
 14, 300, 000 
 
 17, 576, 591 
 
 June 29, 1878 
 
 46 
 
 55, 600 000 
 
 42, 576, 240 
 
 June 29, 1878.... 
 
 9 
 
 13,750,000 
 
 29, 134, 950 
 
 October 1, 1778... 
 
 46 
 
 53, 486, 300 
 
 40, 296, 100 
 
 October 1, 1878.. 
 
 9 
 
 12, 700, 000 
 
 26, 147, 765 
 
 June 14,1879 
 
 47 
 
 50, 750, 000 
 
 44, 465, 002 
 
 June 14, 1879.... 
 
 9 
 
 11, 700, 000 
 
 30, 274, 422 
 
 October 2, 1879... 
 
 46 
 
 48, 750, 000 
 
 58, 827, 717 
 
 October 2, 1879.. 
 
 9 
 
 11, 700, 000 
 
 42, 875, 636 
 
 June 11, 1880 
 
 46 
 
 50, 450, 000 
 
 75, 737, 938 
 
 June 11, 1880.... 
 
 9 
 
 11, 700, 000 
 
 54, 521, 170 
 
 October 1, 1880... 
 
 45 
 
 49, 900, 000 
 
 61, 791, 510 
 
 October 1, 1880.. 
 
 9 
 
 11, 700, 000 
 
 43, 390, 496 
 
 June 30, 1881 
 
 48 
 
 51, 150, 000 
 
 78, 142, 179 
 
 June 30, 1881 
 
 9 
 
 11, 700, 000 
 
 53, 820, 573 
 
 October 1, 1881... 
 
 48 
 
 51, 150, 000 
 
 97, 522, 120 
 
 October 1, 1881.. 
 
 9 
 
 11, 700, 000 
 
 71, 635, 693 
 
 Julyl, 1882 
 
 50 
 
 51, 500, 000 
 
 65, 101, 191 
 
 Julyl, 1882 
 
 9 
 
 11, 700, 000 
 
 45, 563, 450 
 
 Octobers, 1882... 
 
 60 
 
 51, 650, 000 
 
 137, 316, 600 
 
 Octobers, 1882.. 
 
 9 
 
 11, 700, 000 
 
 105, 481, 705 
 
 The penalty for the violation of section 13 of the act of July 12, 
 1882, is a fine of not more than $5,000, or imprisonment for not more 
 than five years, or both, upon conviction thereof in any circuit or district 
 court of the United States ; and the penalty for the violation of other 
 laws relating to the national banks where the penalty is not specified 
 is the forfeiture of the rights, privileges, and franchises of an association, 
 to be determined and adjudged by a proper circuit, district, or Terri- 
 torial court of the United States. 
 
 The Attorney-General, in answer to the questions submitted to him, 
 has returned an opinion, in which he says : 
 
 Tliese provisious together [section 5208 Revised Statutes, aud section 13 of the act 
 of Julj^ 12, 1882] prohibit the certification of a check drawn upon a national bank, 
 where, at the time of certification, the drawer has not on deposit with the bank, and 
 regularly entered to his credit on its books, an amount of money equal to the amount 
 of the check. 
 
 What, then, is certification of a check? It is an act on the part of the bank upon 
 which the check is drawn, implying (as is observed by the Supreme Court in the case of 
 Merchants^ Ua7ik v. StateBank, 10 Wall., G04). "Thatthe check isdrawnnpon sufficient 
 funds in the hands of the drawee, that they have been set apart for its satisfaction, 
 and that they shall bo so applied whenever the check is presented for payment. It is 
 an undertaking that the check is good then and shall continue good, and this agree- 
 ment is as binding on the bank as its notes of circulation, a certificate of deposit pay- 
 able to the order of the depositor, or any other obligation it can assume." 
 
 No particular form is required for the certification. Ordinarily this is done by 
 simply writing the word '' good" upon the face of the check, adding thereto the sig- 
 nature or initials of the certifying otficer. But any language employed by such ofiicer, 
 importing that the check is good and will be paid, would seem to be sufficient. (See 
 2 Daniel on Neg. Inst., Sec. 1G06.)
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 141 
 
 A check being an order for the payment of money addressed to a bank or banker, 
 it is always prctsumod to be drawn against funds on deposit therewith. It is not, 
 when considered with reference to its purpose, presentable for acceptance, bTit only for 
 payment — that is to say, payment is the only acceptance which in contemplation of 
 law enters into the engagement of the parties. Hence, if the payee or holder of the 
 check presents it with the view of having it certified, instead of paid, he does so at 
 the peril of discharging the drawer. (First Nat. Bank v. Leach, 5'i N. Y., 353.) 
 
 In Security Bank v. National Bank, (G7 N. Y., 462), the court says: "The manifest 
 object of a certification is to indicate the assent of the certifying bank to the request 
 of the draicer of the check that the drawer will pay to the holder the sum mentioned ; and 
 this is what an acceptor does by his acceptance of a bill." Whether such assent is 
 indicated by writing the word "good" or the word "accepted" upon the check can 
 make no difference as between the holder of the check and the bank, the obligation 
 assumed by the latter is precisely the same in either case; and thus the legal effect of 
 marking a check "accepted" being the same as marking it "good," the employment 
 of the former expression may, efjually with that of the other, well bo deemed to im- 
 port a certification thereof. Agreeably to this view, the acceptance of a check, other 
 than for immediate payment, is not legally distinguishable from its certification. In 
 fact and effect the words are equivalents; they are for the same forbidden purpose to 
 produce the same forbidden results. 
 
 The aim of the statute, in prohibiting the certification of checks by national banks 
 where the amount thereof is not on deposit to the credit of the drawer, is obviously 
 to provide a guard against the risks and evils attending such pledging of their credit 
 without adequate security. The mischief sought to bo avoided is the incurring of 
 liabilities hy these banks on checks drawn upon them without sufficient funds; and 
 inasmuch as the liability is the same whether the check be marked by the bank 
 "accepted" or simply "good," either of these modes of incurring it would seem to be 
 sufiicient to bring the case within the prohibition referred to. Each may properly be 
 regarded as constituting a certification, according to the meaning and intent of the 
 statute. To construe otherwise would be to allow a "device" to "evade the pro- 
 vision" of the law, and such, too, as by express terms is prohibited and i)unished. 
 
 In answer to the first question I accordingly reply that in my opinion a national 
 bank cannot legally accept checks drawn ujion it, where the drawer has not on deposit 
 therewith the amount stated in the check. 
 
 To do so renders the bank subject to certain proceedings on the part of the Comptrol- 
 ler of the Currency (under section 5234, R. S. ), and the officer by whom the acceptance 
 is made becomes liable to the penalties provided in the act of July 12, 1882. 
 
 The case presented in the second question is not, in my opinion, covered by the pro- 
 visions of section 5200 Revised Statutes. 
 
 The restriction then applies only to liabilities "for money borrowed." The accept- 
 ance of a check, where the drawer has no funds on deposit, would bo a loan of the 
 credit of the bank, rather than a loan of money, and, if otherwise unobjectionable, it 
 could not properly be regarded as within the terms of the restriction adverted to. 
 
 The third question presents the same case iu connection with section 5202, Revised 
 Statutes, which declares that "no association shall at any time be indebted or in any 
 way liable to an amount exceeding the amount of its capital stock actually paid in 
 and remaining undiminished by loi^ses or otherwise," except on account of demands of 
 the nature therein described. Liabilities incurred by the acceptance of checks, the 
 drawers thereof having at the time no funds on deposit with tbe bank, do not appear 
 to fall within any of the exceptions enumerated ; and asstiming such acceptance to be 
 lawful, I am of the opinion that the limit imposed by section .5202 extends to liabilities 
 thus incurred, and that the acceptance of checks by a bank, without the existence ot 
 funds on deposit therewith, to an amount exceeding in the aggregate the amount of 
 its paid-in capital, would be a violation of that section. 
 
 Un(ler''tliis opinion of tlio Attorney-General it will be the duty of 
 the Comptroller to l)riiig such evidence a.s he can obtain by frequent 
 examinations to the attention of the i)roper ofiicers, in order that such 
 violation may bo determined by the courts, and the penalty enforced as 
 provided by the statute. 
 
 THE AMOUNT OP THE INTEREST-BEARING FUNDED DEBT OF THE 
 UNITED STATES, AND THE AMOUNT HELD BY THE NATIONAL BANKS. 
 
 The report for ISSl contained tables exhibiting: a classification of the 
 interest-bearing debt of the United States, and of the bonds held by
 
 142 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 the naiionnl banks for a series of years. These tables are ajcain pre- 
 sented, and now exhibit also the amonnt of the outstanding' bonds of 
 the {government, and the amouut held by the banks on November Ist 
 of tlie present year. 
 
 The most important operations of the Secretary of the Treasury, dur- 
 ing the years which followed the close of the war, were the funding of 
 large amounts of temporary obligations then outstanding of the gov- 
 ernment chiefly into six percent, bonds. 
 
 The six per cent, bonds were gradually reduced during the year 18G9, 
 and the seven years following, by payment and refunding, into five per 
 cents. Tlie six per cents, together with the five per cents, were subse- 
 quently rapidly replaced by four and a half and four per cents, which 
 were authorized to be issued by the act of July 14, 1870. In the year 
 1881 all of the unredeemed five and six per cent, bonds, amounting to 
 $579,500,050, were continued, payable at the pleasure of the govern- 
 ment, with interest at three and one-half per cent., by agreement with 
 the holders, and since that time $164,833,200 of these three and one- 
 half per cent, bonds have been paid, and during the present year 
 $259,370,500 have been replaced by three per cents, under the act of 
 June 12, 1882. 
 
 The following table exhibits the classification of the unmatured in- 
 terest-bearing bonded debt of the United States* on August 31, 1865, 
 when the public debt reached its maximum, and on the 1st day of July 
 of each year thereafter, together with the amount outstanding on No- 
 vember 1 of the present year : 
 
 Date. 
 
 Six per cent, 
 bonds. 
 
 Five per cent. [Four and a half Four per cent, 
 bends. per cent, bonds. bonds. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Aug. 31, 
 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 
 1865. 
 18(J6. 
 1867. 
 1868. 
 1869. 
 1870. 
 1871. 
 1872. 
 1873. 
 1874. 
 1875. 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 1878. 
 1879. 
 1880. 
 1881. 
 
 ,1882. 
 
 July 1, 
 
 Nov. 1,1882.... 
 
 ■{ 
 
 $908, 518, 091 
 
 1, 008, 388, 469 
 
 1,421,110,719 
 
 1, 841, 521, 800 
 
 1, 886, 341, 300 
 
 1, 764, 932, 300 
 
 1, 613, 897, 300 
 
 1, 374, 883, 800 
 
 1, 281, 238, 650 
 
 1, 213, 624, 700 
 
 1, 100, 865, 550 
 
 984, 999, 650 
 
 854, 621, 850 
 
 738, 619, 000 
 
 310, 932, 500 
 
 23:), 780, 400 
 
 196, 378, 600 
 
 Continued at 
 
 3i per cent. 
 
 " 58, 957, 150 
 
 3 per cents. 
 13, 231, 650 
 
 $199, 792, 100 
 198, 528, 435 
 198, 533, 435 
 221, 588, 400 
 221, 589, 300 
 221, 589, 300 
 274, 236, 450 
 414, 567, 300 
 414, 567, 300 
 510, 628, 050 
 607, 132, 750 
 711, 685, 800 
 703, 266, 650 
 703, 266, 650 
 646, 905, 500 
 484, 864, 900 
 439, 841, 350 
 Continued at 
 31 per cent. 
 
 "401, 503, 900 
 
 155, 356, 3.50 f 
 3 per cents. > 
 
 246, 138, 850 > 
 
 $110, 000, 000 
 240, 000, 000 
 250, 000, 000 
 250, 000, 000 
 250, 000, 000 
 
 250, 000, 000 
 250, 000, 000 
 
 $98, 850, 000 
 679,878,110 
 739, 347, 800 
 739, 347, 800 
 
 739, 3 19, 350 
 739, 353, 350 
 
 $1, 108, 
 1, 206, 
 
 1, 619, 
 
 2, 063, 
 2, 107, 
 1, 986, 
 1,888, 
 1, 780, 
 1, 695, 
 1, 724, 
 1, 707, 
 1, 696, 
 1, 696, 
 1, 780, 
 1, 887, 
 1, 709, 
 1, 625, 
 
 310, 191 
 916, 904 
 644,154 
 110, 200 
 930, 600 
 521,600 
 133, 750 
 451. 100 
 8(^5. 950 
 2.52, 750 
 998, 300 
 685,450 
 888, 500 
 735, 6.50 
 716,110 
 993, 100 
 507, 750 
 
 1,449,810,400 
 1, 404, 080, 200 
 
 The operations of the Treasury Department for a series of years have 
 largely reduced the amount of interest receivable by the national banks 
 on the bonds held by them. During the present year, ending Novem- 
 ber 1, the three and one-half per cents have been reduced more than 
 two hundred millions ($200,769,200), and $179,685,550 of three per cents 
 have been deposited in place thereof. 
 
 Sixteen years ago the banks had on deposit as security for cireula- 
 tion, 327 millions in United States bonds, of which amount 241 millions 
 bore interest at six per cent, and SQ millions at five per cent. These 
 
 *The Navy pension fund, amounting to $14,000,000 in three per cent.s, the interest 
 upon which is applied to the payment of naval pensions exclusively, is not included 
 in the table.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 143 
 
 bonds have now entirely disappeared from the list of securities held by 
 the national banks. The average rate of interest now paid by the 
 United States on the bonds deposited as security for circulating notes 
 is about 3.5 per cent, upon their par value; but is equal to about 3.26 
 per cent, only of the current market value of the bonds. The banks 
 now hold 33 millions of four and one-halfs; nearly 105 millions of fours; 
 40 millions of three and one-half per cents converted from five and six 
 per cents, and 179 millions of three i^er cents, which have been refunded 
 from three and one-half per cents, during the present year. This will 
 be seen from the following table, which exhibits the amount and classes 
 of United States bonds owned by the banks, including those jiledged as 
 security for circulation and for jiublic deposits on the first day of July 
 in each year since 18G5, and upon November 1 of the present year. 
 
 United States bonds held as security for circulation. 
 
 Date. 
 
 44 per cent, 
 bonds. 
 
 4 per cent 
 bonds. 
 
 Total. 
 
 United 
 States 
 bonds luild 
 for otluT 
 purposes 
 at nearest 
 date. 
 
 Grand 
 
 total. 
 
 July 1. 1865 
 July 1, 1866 
 July 1, 1867 
 July 1, 1868 
 July 1, 1869 
 July 1, 1870 
 July 1, 1871 
 July 1, 1872 
 July 1, 1873 
 July 1, 1874 
 July 1, 1875 
 July 1, 1876 
 July 1, 1877 
 July 1, 1878 
 July 1, 1879 
 July 1, 1880 
 July 1, 1881 
 
 July 1, 1882 
 Nov. 1, 1882 
 
 $44, 372, 250 
 48, 448, 650 
 
 $19, 162, 000 
 
 3.'"), or,6, 5r,0i 118, 538, 950 
 37, 760, 950, 126, 076. 3U0 
 32, 600, 500| 93, 637, 700 
 
 $235, 
 327, 
 340, 
 341, 
 342, 
 342, 
 359, 
 380, 
 390, 
 301, 
 376, 
 341, 
 338, 
 349, 
 354, 
 361, 
 360, 
 
 100 $155, 
 350 121, 
 
 , 550i 25, 
 , 200i 25, 
 , 500: 26, 
 
 32, 752, 650 
 
 885, 
 440, 
 410 
 171 
 314 
 394 
 713, 
 516, 
 254, 
 652, 
 488, 400 63, 
 
 750 
 ,600 
 ,400 
 ,600 
 ,050 
 
 97, 429, 800: 
 
 33,754,650 104,917,500 
 
 785, 750 $391, 
 152,950 448, 
 002,650 424, 
 922, .500 422. 
 102,000 397. 
 980,600 386, 
 450,800: 399, 
 8O8,200l 412, 
 724,400i 416, 
 347, 100, 416, 
 91)0,200 403, 
 170, 300l 3H6, 
 315,050! 386, 
 8.50,900 418. 
 603, ,520 430, 
 831,31)0 404, 
 849,950 424, 
 
 744,850 
 463,300 
 610, 150 
 418,400 
 953. 600 
 259. 150 
 336, 350 
 308, 900 
 134, 150 
 518, 300 
 214, 700 
 565, 050 
 028, 6.50 
 397. 300 
 858, 120 
 4>sJ, 350 
 338, 350 
 
 812,700; 43,122,550 400,935,250 
 964,650 37,563,750 396,526,400 
 
 The banks also held $3,526,000 of Pacific Enilroad six per cents, and 
 $15,000 of five per cents upon which interest has ceased. 
 
 AMOUNT OF UNITED STATES BONDS HELD BY THE NATIONAL BANKS, 
 BY BANKS ORGANIZED UNDER STATE LAWS, AND BY PRIVATE 
 BANKERS. 
 
 The amounts of United States bonds held by the national banks on 
 November 1, 1880, 1881, and 1882, were, respectively, $403,360,350, 
 $426,120,950, and $396,528,400. 
 
 In the following table these amounts have been combined with the 
 average amount of United States bonds held by the sa^^ngs banks, State 
 banks and trust companies, and private bankers of the country during 
 the six months ending May 31 of the same years : 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 National banks 
 
 Savinsis banks 
 
 State banks and trust companies. 
 Private bankers 
 
 Totals. 
 
 $403, 389, 350 
 
 189,1.87.816 
 
 24, 498, 604 
 
 14, 366, 684 
 
 031,422,454 
 
 $426, 120, 9.50 
 
 214,880. 178 
 21,650,668 
 16, 670, 494 
 
 679, 3.'2, 290 
 
 $395, 057. .500 
 
 242, 028, 782 
 
 23,211.430 
 
 14,870.745 
 
 675, 168, 457
 
 144 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The interpKt-bearinj,^ funded debt of the United States waB, on Novem- 
 ber 1 last, $1,418,()80,1!00. The total amount of l)onds held by all the banks 
 and bankers in the country as given above was $(>75, 108,457, whicli is 
 not greatly less than one-half of the interest-bearing debt. The amounts 
 for the banks other than national have been obtained from the semi- 
 annual reports made by them to the Commissioner of Internal Eeveuue, 
 for purposes of taxation. The table given below has also been compiled 
 from these reports, and shows, by geographical divisions, the average 
 amount invested by State banks, private bankers, trust companies, and 
 savings banks in United States bonds, for the six months ending May 
 31 for the four years named : 
 
 Geographical divisions. 
 
 May 31, 1879 : 
 
 New England States 
 
 Middle States 
 
 Southern States 
 
 Western States 
 
 Pacific States and Territories 
 
 TJnited States 
 
 May 31, 1880: 
 
 New England States 
 
 Middle States 
 
 Southern States 
 
 Western States 
 
 Pacific States and Territories 
 
 United States 
 
 May 31, 1881: 
 
 New England States 
 
 Middle States 
 
 Southern States 
 
 Western States 
 
 Pacific States and Territories 
 
 United States 
 
 May 31, 1882: 
 
 New England States - 
 
 Middle States 
 
 Southern States 
 
 Western States 
 
 Pacilic States and Territories 
 
 United States 
 
 Amount invested in United States bonds. 
 
 By State bants, 
 private bank- 
 ers, and trust 
 companies. 
 
 $3, 669, 967 
 
 25, 686, 460 
 
 3, 593, 179 
 
 8, 326, 402 
 
 5, 015, 948 
 
 By savings 
 banks. 
 
 3, 737, 093 
 20, 564, 834 
 
 2, 541, 991 
 8, 137, 554 
 
 3, 883, 816 
 
 2, 985, 496 
 21, 908, 703 
 1, 707, 702 
 6, 734, 948 
 4, 984, 313 
 
 38, 321, 162 
 
 2, 644, 895 
 20, 576, 823 
 1, 862, 946 
 7, 099, 874 
 5, 897, 637 
 
 38, 082, 175 
 
 $34, 941, 378 
 
 123,818,148 
 
 86, 021 
 
 2, 1&4, 668 
 
 1, 372, 845 
 
 46, 291, 965 162, 383, 060 
 
 37, 693, 200 
 
 146, 301, 155 
 
 1,000 
 
 2, 474, 557 
 
 2, 717, 904 
 
 36, 640, 795 
 
 168, 617, 049 
 
 21, 689 
 
 2, 689, 447 
 
 6, 911, 198 
 
 214,880,178 
 
 37, 046, 625 
 189, 775, 842 
 
 2, 354, 710 
 12, 851, 605 
 
 242, 028, 782 
 
 Total. 
 
 $38, 611, 345 
 149, 504, 617 
 
 3, 679, 200 
 10, 491, 070 
 
 6, 388, 793 
 
 208, 675, 025 
 
 41, 430, 293 
 166, 865. 989 
 
 2, 542, 991 
 10, 612, 111 
 
 6, 601, 720 
 
 38, 865, 288 I 189, 187, 816 I 228, 053, 104 
 
 39, 626, 291 
 
 190, 525, 752 
 
 1, 729, 391 
 
 9, 424, 395 
 
 11, 895, 511 
 
 253, 201, 340 
 
 39, 691, 520 
 
 210. 352, 665 
 
 1, 862, 946 
 
 9, 454, 584 
 
 18, 749, 2-12 
 
 280, 110, 957 
 
 The above table gives the average amount of capital invested in 
 United States bonds, from which should be deducted the amount of 
 premium paid at the time of purchase, which cannot be ascertained. 
 
 Through the courtesy of State oflflcers the Comptroller has obtained 
 the official reports made to them, under State laws, by State banks in 
 twenty-one States, by trust companies in five States, and by savings 
 banks in fifteen States, at different dates during the year 1882, and from 
 these retiu-ns the following table has been compiled : 
 
 Held by State banks in twenty-one States $8,739, 172 
 
 Held by trust companies in five States 16,934,812 
 
 Held by savings banks in fifteen States 237,786,442 
 
 Total 263,460,426
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 145 
 
 The amount held by geographical divisions diiriDg the years 1880, 1881, 
 and 1882, was as follows : 
 
 Geographical divisions. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 $•15, 330, 098 
 
 157, 563, 757 
 
 958, 470 
 
 2, 672, 242 
 
 7, 240, 835 
 
 $40, 468, 340 
 
 176, 373, 8is9 
 
 1,073,460 
 
 5,735,518 
 
 14, 874, 332 
 
 $42, 667, 248 
 iqy ]3^ 239 
 
 Middle States 
 
 Southom States.............. 
 
 ocg 350 
 
 Western States 
 
 3, 369, 414 
 20, 020. 175 
 
 Pacific States , 
 
 Total < ! 213,665,402 1 238,525,539 
 
 263, 460, 426 
 
 The amounts of United States bonds held, as shown bj- the tables 
 compiled from returns made by State banks, trust companies, and sav- 
 ings banks to State oiiicers, in twenty-one States and Territories were, 
 in 1882, $16,650,531 less than the average amount shown by the table 
 compiled from the re^iorts made to the Commissioner of Internal Eeve- 
 ime, which were received from similar institutions. 
 
 Tiie first-named table shows the actual amounts held at various dates 
 in 1882, while the last gives the average amount held for the six mouths 
 ending May 30, 1882. Although obtained from different sources and 
 based on data that are not equally complete, the amounts obtained from 
 the one source serve to corroborate those obtained from the other. 
 
 NATIONAL BANK FAILURES. 
 
 Three national banks have been placed in the hands of receivers dur- 
 ing the year ending November 1, 1882, namely : The Mechanics' National 
 Bank of Newark, N. J., on November 2, 1881 ; the Pacific National 
 Bank of Boston, Mass., on May 22, 1882, and the First National Bank 
 of Buffalo, N. Y., on April 22, 1882. The suspension of the first-named 
 two banks was mentioned in the report of the Comptroller for the year 
 ending November 1, 1881, and the causes which led to both these fail- 
 ures were then fully discussed. The directors of the Pacific National 
 Bank of Boston undertook to make good the impairment of its capi- 
 tal stock in the manner authorized by section 5205 of the Eovised Stat- 
 utes, but, as they failed to do so within the time fixed by law, a receiver 
 was appointed to take charge of its afiairs. The failure of the First 
 National Bank of Buffalo was the result of the misappropriation of its 
 funds by its president. Its condition was discovered by the bank ex- 
 aminer when making his annual examination, and a receiver was ap- 
 pointed as before stated. 
 
 The affairs of ten national banks have been finally closed within the 
 year. These banks, with the total dividend paid by each to their cred- 
 itors, are as follows: 
 
 The First National Bauk of Selnia, Ala -It), fi per cent. 
 
 The First National Bank of New Orleans, La 7'J. p«'r cent. 
 
 The National Bank of Vicksbnrj;, Miss 4;». 'J j)er cent. 
 
 The Ocean National Bank of New York City 100. per cent, and interest. 
 
 The First National Bank of Carlisle, Pa 73. 5 per cent. 
 
 The First National Bank of La Crosse, Wis 48. 4 per cent. 
 
 The First National Bauk of Wichita, Kans 70.0 per cent. 
 
 The First National Bank of Oroenlield, Ohio 27.0 per cent. 
 
 The First National Bauk of 'i'arrytown, N. Y 1)0. r> per cent. 
 
 The First National Bank of Meadvillo, I'a 100. per cent, and int<'re8t. 
 
 The following banks have been closed, with the exception of litiga- 
 tion pending in the courts, and the expenses of the receiverships, in- 
 10 Ab
 
 146 TAPERS ACCOMPANYING TlfE 
 
 eluding tliG anioniits pjiirt to receivers for ])ersonal services, are in each 
 case no more tliaii is necessary to carry on the suits. In eacli of these 
 instances, if litij^ation results favorably to the banks, some additional 
 dividends may be paid. 
 
 The dividends already paid to the creditors of these associations are 
 as follows: 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 The Charlottesville National Bank, Charlottesville, Va 62 
 
 The First National Bank of Norfolk, Va 49 
 
 The First National Bank of Anderson, Ind 25 
 
 The Venango National Bank of Franklin, Pa 15 
 
 The Atlantic National Bank, of New York City 95 
 
 The First National Bank of Mansfield, Ohio 45 
 
 The Miners' National Bank of Georgetown, Colo 65 
 
 The First National Bank of Bedford, Iowa 12.5 
 
 The City National Bank of Chicago, 111 77 
 
 The First National Bank of Georgetown, Colo 22. 5 
 
 The First National Bank of Dallas, Tex 37 
 
 The Central National Bank of Chicago, 111 60 
 
 The People's National Bank of Helena, Mont 40 
 
 The First National Bank of Allentowu, Pa 70 
 
 The First National Bank of Wayneshurg, Pa 40 
 
 If the litigation now in progress should result favorably, it is esti- 
 mated that additional dividends will be ])aid as follows: To the credi- 
 tors of the First National Bank, Waynesburg, 25 per cent.; of the First 
 National Bank, Allentown, Pa., and First National Bank, Georgetown, 
 Col., 20 per cent. ; the First National Bank of Mansfield, Ohio, and Miners' 
 National Bank of Georgetown, Col., 10 per cent., and to the remaining 
 banks, dividends less than 5 per cent. 
 
 The aflairs of the Cook County and Scandinavian National Banks of 
 Chicago, and of the National Bank of the State of Missouri of Saint 
 Louis also, cannot be closed until pending litigation is brought to a con- 
 clusion. The latter bank has already paid to its creditors 100 per cent, 
 of the principal of their claims, and more than 50 per cent, of interest 
 accrued up to December 1, 1882. It is expected that a considerable 
 portion, though not the whole, of the remaining interest will hereafter 
 be paid. 
 
 The First National Bank of New Orleans has been closed during the 
 year. The payment of a final dividend had been necessarily jiostponed 
 on account of delay experienced in adjusting accounts due to and from 
 the government, but which have during the year been finally settled by 
 an appropriation by Congress resulting in a recovery by the bank of 
 $94-,000. The three following banks have paid their creditors the full 
 amount of their claims, principal and interest, and their affairs are still 
 in the hands of receivers appointed by the Comptroller, who are ad- 
 ministrating the remaining assets in the interest of the stockholders : 
 
 First National Bank of Newark, N. J 100 per cent, and interest in full. 
 
 First National Bank of Brattlehoro, Vt 100 per cent, and interest in full. 
 
 Third National Bank of Chicago, 111 100 per cent, and interest in full. 
 
 It is probable that in each of these cases the shareholders will eventu- 
 ally receive a handsome xiercentage upon the capital stock of the bank. 
 The following banks in the hands of receivers have paid dividends dur- 
 ing the past year. The total dividends up to November 1, 1882, being 
 also given. 
 
 The First National Bank of Selma, Ala., 4. 6 per cent.; total, 46. 6 per cent. 
 The First National Bank of New Orleans, La., 9 per cent.; total, 79 per cent. 
 The National Bank of Vicksburg, Miss., 13 per cent.; total, 49.2 per cent.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 147 
 
 The Ocean National Bank, New York City. Interest dividend ; total, 100 per cent., 
 
 and interest. 
 The New Orleans National Banking Association, New Orleans, La., 5 per cent. ; total, 
 
 60 per cent. 
 The t.'harlottesville National Bank, Charlottesville, Va., 7per cent.; total, 62percent. 
 Tlie First National Bank of La Crosse, Wis., 3. 4 i)er cent.; total, 4S. 4 per cent. 
 The First National Bank of Greenlield, Ohio, 27 per cent. ; total, 27 per cent. 
 The First National Bank of Franklin, Ind., 15 per cent, to stockholders ; creditors paid 
 
 in full. 
 The National Bank of the State of Missouri, Saint Louis, Mo., 5 per cent., and 50 per 
 
 cent, of interest ; total, 100 per cent., and 50 per cent, of interest. 
 The Lock Haven National Bank, Lock Haven," Pa., 10 percent.; total, 100 per cent. 
 Ths Third National Bank of Chicago, 111. Interest in fall ; total, luO per cent, and 
 
 interest. 
 •The Commercial National Bank of Kansas City, Mo., 6. 165 per cent, to stockholders ; 
 
 total, to stockholders, 37. 1G5. 
 The First National Bank of Tarrytown, N. Y., 5. 5 per cent.; total, 90. 5 per cent. 
 The First National Bank of Allentown, Pa., 20 per cent.; total, 70 j)er cent. 
 The People's National Bank of Helena, Mont., 10 per cent.; total, 40 percent. 
 The German American National Bank, Washington, D. C, 10 per cent. ; total, 50 per cent. 
 The Second National Bank of Scranton, Pa., 60 per cent.; total, 75 per cent. 
 The First National Bank of Butler, Pa., 20 per cent.; total, 60 per cent. 
 The First National Bank of MeadviHe, Pa. Interest in full. 100 per cent, and interest. 
 The First National Bank of Newark, N. J. Interest in full. 100 per cent, and interest. 
 The Mechanics' National Bank of Newark, N. J., 55 per cent.; total, 55 per cent. 
 The First National Bank of Bufl'alo, N. Y., 25 percent.; total, 25 per cent. 
 
 Since the commencement of the national banking? system 87 banks 
 liave been placed in the hands of receivers, and 4110 banks have vol- 
 untarily closed their business by the votes of shareholders owning 
 two-thirds of their stock, under the provisions of sections 5220 and 
 5221 of the Kevised Statutes of the United States. Of the banks so 
 placed in voluntary liquidation by their stockholders, 7 failed to pay 
 their depositors, and in these cases receivers were appointed by the 
 Comptroller to wind up their affairs. Of the 87 banks placed in the 
 hands of receivers, 51 have been finally closed, leaving 36 still in pro- 
 cess of settlement. The loss to creditors of national banks which have 
 been placed in the hands of receivers during the nearly twenty years 
 that have elapsed since the passage of the act of February 25, 1863, as 
 near as can be estimated, including dividends which will probably be 
 hereafter paid, has been about $7,000,000. The average anniuil loss has 
 been, therefore, about $400,000 in the business of corporations having 
 an average capital of about $450,000,000, and which have been respon- 
 sible for the safe keeping of deposits in their hands averaging constantly 
 over $800,000,000, or about one-twentieth of one per cent, of annual 
 loss to depositors. The time required for liquidating the allairs of in- 
 solvent banks dei)ends chielly upon the amount of litigation which may 
 arise, as in any case it is im])0ssible to tell in advance what questions it 
 may become necessary to refer to the courts for decision. In many of 
 these cases no conclusion can be reached until the matter has been 
 bnmght before the courts of last resort. The dockets of the supreme 
 courts in most of the States, and that of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States, are crowded, and when an appeal is made to these tri- 
 bunals, years often elapse before the case can be reache<l. Owing, how- 
 ever, to tlie decisions already made, the forms of ])rocednns under the 
 laws governing national banks, are b«^tter understood, and in collecting 
 assets, in allowing otfsets, and enforcing the liabilities of stockholders, 
 there is now no inducement to ])rotract litigation, eitlun- on tlie part of 
 the ordinary debtors of the bank or of the stockholders who become 
 such debtors when assessed under their liability, as provided in seetioii 
 5151 of the Eevised Statutes. In all cases of failure of national banks 
 
 'Creditors paid in falL
 
 148 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 there are many claims presented to the receivers which, for various rea- 
 sons, do not appear to be properly liabilities of the association, and it is 
 necessary, in order to protect the interests of the genuine creditors, 
 that such claims should be rejected until their merits have been properly 
 investigated by a court of competent jurisdiction. 
 
 The liability of directors for negligent discharge of their duties, or 
 for malfeasance, is not yet clearly defined by any authoritative decision, 
 but such decisions as there are bearing upon this matter point to a com- 
 plete remedy against them also. , The total amount paid to creditors of 
 insolvent national banks amounts to $20,945,090; upon proved claims 
 amounting to $29,580,558. The dividends so far paid thus equal about 
 70 per cent, of the proved claims. The amount paid during the year 
 was $2,283,392. 
 
 Assessments amounting to $8,101,750 have been made upon the stock- 
 holders of insolvent national banks for the purpose of enforcing their indi- 
 vidual liability under section 5151 of the Revised Statutes, of which about 
 $3,200,000 have been collected and $534,080.70 during the past year. 
 
 A table showing the national banks which have been placed in the 
 hands of receivers, the amount of their capital, of claims proved, the 
 rates of dividends paid, and also showing the amount of circulation of 
 such banks issued, redeemed, and outstanding, will be found in the Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 LOANS AND RATES OF INTEREST. 
 
 The following table gives the classification of the loans of the banks 
 in the city of New York, in Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and 
 
 in the other reserve 
 three years: 
 
 cities, at corresponding dates in each of the last 
 
 October 1, 1880. 
 
 Glassificatioii. 
 
 New York 
 City. 
 
 Boston, Phila- 
 delphia, and 
 Baltimore. 
 
 Other re- 
 serve cities. 
 
 Country 
 banks. 
 
 Aggregate. 
 
 
 47 banks. 
 
 101 banks 
 
 83 banks. 
 
 1.859 banks. 
 
 2,090 banks. 
 
 
 $3, 915, 077 
 
 92, 630, 982 
 
 27, 755, 152 
 114, 127, 290 
 
 $525, 445 
 
 30, 838, 692 
 
 22, 542, 776 
 137, 405, 246 
 
 $1, 378, 168 
 
 16, 558, 260 
 
 10, 402, 295 
 75, 687, 334 
 
 
 $5, 818, 690 
 140, 027, 934 
 
 On other stocks, bonds, &c., 
 
 
 On single-name paper without 
 
 '$563,"294,'724" 
 
 60, 700, 223 
 
 
 830. .514. 594 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 238,428,501 
 
 191, 312, 159 
 
 104, 026, 057 
 
 503, 294, 724 
 
 1, 037, 061, 441 
 
 
 
 October 1, 1881. 
 
 Classification. 
 
 48 banks. 
 
 102 banks. 
 
 87 banks. 
 
 1,895 banks. 
 
 2,132 banks. 
 
 On TI. S. bonds on demand 
 
 On other stocks, bonds, &c.. 
 
 $2, 539, 928 
 
 97, 249, 162 
 
 26, 935. 878 
 120, 032, 691 
 
 $415, 164 
 
 39, 251, 526 
 
 34, 465, C61 
 137, 682, 302 
 
 $468, 496 
 
 24, 227, 158 
 
 12, 904, 338 
 96, 806, 506 
 
 $2, 661, 256 
 
 35, 423, 896 
 
 73, 114, 405 
 464. 813. 937 
 
 $6, 084, 814 
 196,151,742 
 
 On single-name paper without 
 
 147, 420, 282 
 
 
 819, 365, 436 
 
 
 
 
 Totals ................ 
 
 246, 757, 659 
 
 211, 814, 653 
 
 134, 406, 498 
 
 576,043,494 ! 1.169.022.304 
 
 
 
 
 October 3, 1882. 
 
 Classification. 
 
 50 banks. 
 
 102 banks. 
 
 91 banks. 
 
 2, 026 banks. 
 
 2, 269 banks. 
 
 On TJ. S. bonds on demand 
 
 On other stocks, bonds, &c., on 
 
 $1, 618, 687 
 
 89, 532, 760 
 
 21, 382, 572 
 126, 507, 873 
 
 $265, 357 
 
 31, 653, 098 
 
 26, 721, 688 
 143, 297, 359 
 
 $1, 532, 214 
 
 22, 143, 725 
 
 16, 075, 330 
 106, 531, 193 
 
 $1, 851, 550 
 
 39, 554, 649 
 
 83, 576, 480 
 526, 041, 981 
 
 $5, 267, 808 
 182, 884, 232 
 
 On single-name paper without 
 
 147, 754, 806 
 
 
 902, 379. C70 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 239, 041, 892 
 
 201, 937, 502 
 
 146, 282, 462 
 
 651,024,660 1 1.2.18.286. .516 
 
 

 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 149 
 
 In the table below is given a full classilicatiou of the loaus iu Xew 
 York City alone for the last five years : 
 
 Loans and discounts. 
 
 October 1, 
 1878. 
 
 October 2, 
 
 1879. 
 
 October 1, 
 1880. 
 
 October 1, 
 
 1881. 
 
 October 3, 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 47 banks. 
 
 47 banks. 
 
 47 banks. 
 
 48 banks. 
 
 50 banks. 
 
 On indorsed paper 
 
 $83, 921, 333 
 17, 297, 475 
 7, 003, 085 
 51,152,021 
 786, 514 
 6, 752, 181 
 2, 670, 371 
 
 $81, 520, 129 
 
 22, 491, 926 
 
 8, 286, 525 
 
 78, 062, 085 
 
 670, 021 
 
 $107, 058, 860 
 27,755,152 
 
 3, 915, 077 
 92, 630, 982 
 
 1, 336, 513 
 
 $112, 019, 004 
 
 26, 935, 878 
 
 2, 539, 928 
 
 97, 249, 162 
 
 236, 100 
 
 $118, 692, 651 
 21 203,573 
 
 On T7. S. bonds on demand 
 
 On other stock, &.C., on demand 
 
 On real-estat« secuiity 
 
 Payable in gold ...... ...... 
 
 1, 797, 687 
 
 89, 532, 762 
 
 304, 732 
 
 All otJier loans ................ 
 
 4, 821, 216 
 
 5, 731, 917 7, 747, 587 
 
 7, 600, 487 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 169, 585, 980 
 
 195, 851, 902 
 
 238, 428, 501 
 
 246,757 659 1 239.041.892 
 
 
 
 
 The attention of Congress has previously been called to section 5200 
 of the Revised Statutes, which places restrictions upon loans, and to the 
 difficulty of enforcing its provisions. In cities where large amounts of 
 produce are received and stored, it is represented that it is impossible 
 for the banks to transact this class of business, if restricted to loans for 
 an amount not exceeding in any instance one-tenth of their capital. It 
 is true that the limitation does not apply to loans upon produce in transit, 
 where the drafts are drawn on existing values; but if produce is stored, 
 instead of being shipped, large loans cannot be made except in violation 
 of law. In such case the Comptroller has no means of enforcing the law, 
 except by bringing a suit for forfeiture of charter, and this course might 
 residt in great embarrassment to business, as well as loss to many inno- 
 cent stockholders of the banks. It is evident that the law should be so 
 amended as to exclude from the limitation mentioned legitimate loans 
 upon produce or warehouse receipts, and some other classes of collat- 
 eral security, as well as loans upon United States bonds. 
 
 RATES OF INTEREST IN NEW YORK CITY, AND IN THE BANK OF ENGLAND AND THB 
 
 BANK OF FRANCE. 
 
 The average rate of interest in New York City for each of the fiscal 
 years from 1874 to 1881, as ascertained from data derived from the Jour- 
 nal of Commerce and The Commercial and Financial Chronicle, was as 
 follows : 
 
 1874, 
 1875, 
 1876, 
 1877, 
 1878, 
 1879, 
 1880, 
 1881, 
 1882, 
 
 call loans, 
 call loans, 
 call loans, 
 call loans, 
 call loans, 
 call loans, 
 call loans, 
 call loans, 
 call loans, 
 
 3.8 per cent. 
 3.0 per cent. 
 
 3.3 per cent. 
 3.0 per cent. 
 
 4.4 per cent. 
 4.4 per cent. 
 
 4.9 per cent. 
 3.8 per cent. 
 4.4 per cent. 
 
 ; commercial 
 ; commercial 
 ; commercial 
 ; commercial 
 ; commercial 
 ; commercial 
 '; commercial 
 ; conmiercial 
 ; commercial 
 
 paper, 
 paper, 
 paper 
 paper, 
 jiaper, 
 paper, 
 paper, 
 paper, 
 paper. 
 
 6.4 per cent. 
 5.8 per cent. 
 
 5.3 per cent. 
 
 5.2 per cent. 
 5.1 per cent. 
 
 4.4 per cent. 
 
 5.3 per cent. 
 5.0 per cent. 
 
 5.4 per cent. 
 
 The average rate of discount of the Bank of England for the same 
 years was as follows: 
 
 During the calendar year ending December 31, l>!7f, 3.69 per cent. 
 During the calendar year ending December :U, l-"7r», 3.23 i>or cent. 
 During the calendar year ending December 31, ls7(), 2.()l jter cent. 
 During the calendar year ending December 31, 1^77, 2.91 percent. 
 During the calendar year ending December 31, 1S7H, :!.7rf percent. 
 During the calendar year ending December 31, l-;79, 2.50 per cent. 
 During the calendar year ending December 31, l<-(t, 2.7t"i per cent. 
 During the calendar year ending December 31, l-;Sl, 3.49 per cent. 
 During the fiscal year ending June 30, lb82, 4,01 per cent. 
 
 'From the Financial Chronicle ouly.
 
 150 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 In tlic calendar year ending December 31, 1881, the rate of discount 
 of tlic Bunk of England whh increased four times, and only twice re- 
 duced. Diiriiiff the liscal year ending,' June 30, 1881i, the rate was 
 increased four times and decreased three times. The present rate is 5 
 per cent. 
 
 The rate of interest in the city of New York on aSTovcmber 28 was, on 
 call loans, from 4 to 7 per cent., and on commercial i)aper from 7 to 8 
 per cent. 
 
 SPECIE IN BANK AND IN THE TREASURY OP THE UNITED STATES, AND 
 ESTIMATED AMOUNT IN THE COUNTRY — SPECIE IN THE EANK OF 
 ENGLAND AND IN THE BANK OP FRANCE. 
 
 The following table exhibits the amounts of specie held by the national 
 banks at the dates of their reports for the last ten years, the coin and 
 coin certificates held by the New York City banks being stated sepa- 
 rately : 
 
 Dates. 
 
 Oct 3, 
 Dec. 27, 
 Feb. 28, 
 -£pT. 25, 
 June 13, 
 Sept. 12, 
 Dec. 2G, 
 Feb. 27, 
 May 1, 
 June 26, 
 Oct. 2, 
 Dec. 31, 
 Mar. 1, 
 May 1, 
 JnneSO, 
 Oct. 1, 
 Dec. 17, 
 Mar. 10, 
 May 12, 
 June 30, 
 Oct. 2. 
 Dec. 22, 
 Jan. 20, 
 Apr. 14, 
 June 22, 
 Oct. 1, 
 Dec. 28, 
 Mar. 15, 
 May 1, 
 June 29, 
 Oct. 1, 
 Dec. 6, 
 Jan. 1, 
 Apr. 4, 
 June 14, 
 Oct. 2, 
 Dec. 12, 
 Ffb. 21, 
 Apr. 23, 
 
 JuDOll, 
 
 Oct. 1, 
 Dec. 31, 
 Mar. 11, 
 May 6, 
 June 30, 
 Oct. 1, 
 Dec. 31, 
 Mar. 11, 
 May 19, 
 July 1, 
 Oct. 3, 
 
 1872. 
 1872. 
 1873. 
 1873. 
 1873. 
 1873. 
 1873. 
 1874. 
 1874. 
 1874. 
 1874. 
 1874. 
 1875. 
 1875. 
 1875. 
 1875. 
 1875. 
 1876. 
 1876. 
 1876. 
 1876. 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 1877. 
 1877. 
 1877. 
 1877. 
 1878. 
 1878. 
 1878. 
 1878. 
 1878. 
 1879. 
 1879. 
 1879. 
 1879. 
 1879. 
 1880. 
 1880. 
 1880. 
 Ih80. 
 1880. 
 1881. 
 1881. 
 1X81. 
 1881. 
 1881. 
 1882. 
 
 l)-;82. 
 
 1SS2. 
 1882. 
 
 Held by national banlcs in Ne'w York City. 
 
 Coin. 
 
 $920, 
 1, 306, 
 1, 9o8, 
 1, 344, 
 1, 442, 
 1, 063, 
 1, 376, 
 1,167, 
 1, 530, 
 1, 842, 
 1, 291, 
 1, 443, 
 1, 084, 
 
 930, 
 1,023, 
 
 753, 
 
 869, 
 3,261, 
 
 832, 
 1, 214, 
 1, 120, 
 1, 434, 
 1, 669, 
 1, 930, 
 1, 423, 
 
 1, 538, 
 1, 955, 
 
 2, 428, 
 2, 688, 
 1, 905, 
 1, 779, 
 
 4, 009, 
 5, 421, 
 
 5, 312, 
 C, 058, 
 7,218, 
 
 20, 096, 
 12.252, 
 
 12, 595, 
 16,682, 
 16, 104, 
 
 19, 773, 
 15, 924, 
 26, 242, 
 
 20, 822, 
 15, 317, 
 
 15, 739. 
 
 16, 243, 
 14, 708, 
 
 13, 708, 
 13, 265, 
 
 767 37 
 
 091 05 
 769 86 
 950 93 
 097 71 
 210 55 
 170 50 
 820 09 
 282 10 
 525 00 
 786 56 
 215 42 
 555 .54 
 105 76 
 015 86 
 904 90 
 436 72 
 131 36 
 313 70 
 522 92 
 814 34 
 701 83 
 284 94 
 725 59 
 258 17 
 486 47 
 746 20 
 797 44 
 
 092 06 
 705 22 
 792 43 
 299 01 
 552 49 
 
 966 90 
 472 34 
 
 967 69 
 249 64 
 541 44 
 720 49 
 220 40 
 855 'J8 
 859 01 
 683 90 
 108 60 
 790 87 
 168 04 
 080 49 
 057 39 
 9S6 93 
 690 77 
 3U3 74 
 
 U. S. 
 
 Clearinsrhonso 
 
 trnld PPT. .".^"^on'iS """= 
 
 ^tmcateT certificates. 
 
 $5, 454, 580 
 12, 471, 940 
 
 11, 539, 780 
 11, 743, 320 
 22, 139, 080 
 13, 522, 600 
 18, 325, 760 
 23, 518, 640 
 23, 454, 660 
 
 13, 671, 660 
 13, 114, 480 
 
 14, 410, 940 
 
 10, 622, 160 
 
 5, 753, 220 
 
 12, 642, 180 
 4, 201, 720 
 
 12, 532, 810 
 19, 086, 920 
 15, 183, 760 
 16, 872, 780 
 13, 446, 760 
 21,602,900 
 33, 629, 660 
 13, 889, 180 
 10,324,320 
 11,409,920 
 19, 119, 080 
 35, 003, 220 
 25, 397, 640 
 
 11, 954, 500 
 
 11, 5H810 
 
 12, 277, 180 
 12, 739, 544 
 12, 220, 940 
 12, 291, 270 
 12, 130, 900 
 
 8, 366, 140 
 7, 464, 650 
 
 6, 914, 250 
 7, 810, 200 
 
 7, 489, 700 
 6, 709, 900 
 4, 825, 300 
 4, 625, 900 
 4, 513. 400 
 4, 486, 600 
 4, 037. 600 
 4, 075, 800 
 4, ('34. 300 
 4, 005. 100 
 3, 908, 100 
 
 $21,569, 
 35, 855, 
 
 25, 458, 
 33, 337, 
 36, 189, 
 
 28, 246. 
 
 30, 809, 
 34, 176, 
 41, 858, 
 31,721, 
 33. 852, 
 
 29, 907, 
 
 31, 783, 
 
 32, 8.54, 
 
 26, 224, 
 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 OOC 00 
 Olio 00 
 
 noo 00 
 
 000 00 
 
 Total. 
 
 $6, 375, 
 13, 77K, 
 13,498, 
 
 13, 088, 
 
 23, .581, 
 
 14, 585. 
 19.701, 
 
 24, 086, 
 24, 984. 
 
 15, 514, 
 
 14, 406, 
 
 15, 8.54, 
 11, 706, 
 
 6, 083, 
 13, 665, 
 4, 955, 
 
 13, 402, 
 
 22, 348, 
 
 16, 016, 
 18, 087, 
 
 14, 576, 
 
 23, 037, 
 35, 298, 
 
 15, 829, 
 
 11, 747, 
 
 12, 948, 
 21,074, 
 37, 432, 
 28, 0S5, 
 
 13, 860, 
 13, 294, 
 
 16, 289, 
 18,161, 
 
 17, 5,i3, 
 
 18, 349. 
 
 19, 349, 
 50,031, 
 55, 572, 
 44, 967, 
 57, 829, 
 59, 783, 
 54, 729, 
 51.. 558, 
 65, 044, 
 67,194. 
 51, 524, 
 53, 628, 
 50, 226, 
 50, 5-J6, 
 50. 5G7, 
 43, 31*7, 
 
 347 37 
 031 05 
 541 86 
 259 93 
 177 71 
 810 55 
 930 50 
 460 09 
 942 10 
 185 00 
 266 56 
 155 42 
 715 54 
 025 76 
 195 86 
 624 90 
 246 72 
 051 36 
 073 70 
 302 92 
 574 34 
 
 601 83 
 944 94 
 
 905 59 
 578 17 
 406 47 
 826 20 
 017 44 
 732 06 
 205 22 
 
 602 43 
 479 01 
 092 49 
 
 906 90 
 742 34 
 867 69 
 389 64 
 191 44 
 970 49 
 426 40 
 5.55 38 
 759 01 
 983 90 
 008 60 
 100 87 
 768 04 
 080 49 
 457 3a 
 2.'i6 93 
 790 77 
 403 74 
 
 Held by 
 
 Otber national 
 
 banks. 
 
 $3, 854, 
 5, 269, 
 4, 279, 
 
 3, 780, 
 
 4, 368, 
 
 5, 282, 
 7. 205, 
 8, 679, 
 7, 585, 
 
 6, 812, 
 6,834, 
 6,582, 
 
 4, 960, 
 3, 937, 
 5,294, 
 3, 094, 
 3, 668, 
 6, 729, 
 
 5, C98, 
 7,131, 
 
 6, 785, 
 9, 962, 
 
 14, 410, 
 11, 240, 
 
 9,588, 
 9, 710, 
 11, 832, 
 17, 290, 
 17, 938, 
 
 15, 391, 
 
 17, 394, 
 
 18, 068. 
 23, 33.S, 
 23, 614, 
 23, 983, 
 22, 8-J3, 
 28, 981, 
 33, 869, 
 41, 461, 
 41, 677, 
 49, 562, 
 
 52. 443, 
 
 53, 597, 
 .57, .■;84. 
 61,444, 
 62, 809, 
 58, 908, 
 58, 555, 
 00, 687, 
 60, 272, 
 57, 652, 
 
 409 42 
 305 40 
 123 67 
 557 81 
 909 01 
 
 658 90 
 107 08 
 403 49 
 027 16 
 022 27 
 678 67 
 605 62 
 390 63 
 035 88 
 386 44 
 704 83 
 
 659 18 
 294 49 
 520 66 
 167 00 
 079 69 
 046 06 
 322 61 
 132 19 
 417 89 
 413 84 
 924 50 
 040 .58 
 024 00 
 2C4 55 
 004 16 
 771 35 
 064 83 
 656 51 
 545 10 
 873 .54 
 651 95 
 860 31 
 761 72 
 078 86 
 954 11 
 141 91 
 211 36 
 5,53 48 
 736 03 
 368 08 
 719 11 
 573 65 
 499 80 
 431 77 
 774 53 
 
 Aggregate. 
 
 $10, 229, 
 19, 047, 
 17, 777, 
 16, 868, 
 27, 950, 
 19, 868, 
 
 26, 907, 
 
 33, 365, 
 32, 569, 
 22, 326, 
 21, 240 
 22,436, 
 
 16, 667, 
 10, 620, 
 18, 959, 
 
 8, 050, 
 
 17, 070, 
 29, 077, 
 21,714, 
 25,218, 
 21, 361, 
 32,999, 
 40, 709, 
 
 27, 070, 
 
 21, 33.5, 
 
 22, 6:58, 
 32, 907, 
 54, 722, 
 46, 023, 
 
 29, 251, 
 
 30, 688. 
 
 34, 355, 
 41. 499, 
 41. 148, 
 
 42. 3;o, 
 
 42, 173, 
 
 79, 013, 
 89, 442, 
 
 80, 4'29, 
 99, 5l«5, 
 
 109, 346, 
 107, 172, 
 105, 156, 
 122.628, 
 128, 638, 
 114, 334. 
 112, .5.37, 
 108, 7t<2. 
 111,213, 
 nc, 840, 
 101, 050, 
 
 756 79 
 336 45 
 673 5S 
 808 74 
 086 72 
 469 45 
 037 58 
 863 5S 
 969 26 
 207 27 
 945 23 
 761 04 
 106 17 
 361 64 
 582 30 
 329 73 
 905 90 
 345 85 
 594 36 
 469 92 
 6.54 03 
 647 89 
 267 55 
 037 78 
 996 06 
 820 31 
 750 70 
 058 02 
 
 756 06 
 4t;9 77 
 C06 59 
 250 36 
 
 757 32 
 563 41 
 287 44 
 
 731 23 
 041 59 
 051 75 
 
 732 21 
 505 26 
 509 49 
 900 92 
 195 26 
 562 08 
 927 50 
 736 12 
 399 60 
 031 (>4 
 786 73 
 222 54 
 17S 27
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 151 
 
 The national banks held silver coin anionntin^, on October 1, 1877, to 
 $3,700,703, and on October 1, 1878, to $5,392,028. On October 2, 1879, 
 the amount held was $4,980,493, and on October 1, 1880, it was 
 $0,495,477, including $1,105,120 in silver treasury certificates, and on 
 October 3, 1882, it was $8,273,815, including $1,807,000 of silver certifi- 
 cates. On October 1, of the ])resent year, the oflicial rei)orts of the State 
 banks in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Louisiana, 
 Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, Wisconsin, j\Iissouri, and Minnesota show that 
 these banks then held specie amounting to $7,140,807, of which the banks 
 in New York City hekl $3,484,913, The official returns from the State 
 banks of California do not give separately the amount of coin lield by 
 them; but it is estimated that of the total cash re])<)rted, annmiiting to 
 $10,542,859, $10,000,022 consisted of coin. The amount of coin held by 
 State banks in the States before mentioned, including California, was, 
 therefore, $17,201,489. 
 
 The Director of the Mint, in his report for 1881, estimates the amount 
 of coin in the country on June 30, 1880, at $501,555,711, of Miiich 
 $358,958,091 was gold and $142,597,020 was silver. His estimate for 
 the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, is as follows : 
 
 United States coin. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Circulation Jnne 30, 1881 
 
 $439, 774, 753 
 88, 814, 091 
 
 $171. 450, 7C6 
 
 27,C5r), 816 
 
 517, 778 
 
 $611,236,519 
 116 464 907 
 
 Coinage for the year. Ies8 deposits for recoina^e 
 
 
 517 778 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 528, 590, 844 
 25, 008, 659 
 
 109, C33, SCO 
 
 728, 224. 204 
 25, 008, 659 
 
 
 
 
 Remainder 
 
 503, .^82, 185 
 2, 700, 000 
 
 190, 633. 360 
 00,000 
 
 703 215 545 
 
 
 2 760 000 
 
 
 
 Circulation July 1, 1882 
 
 500, 882, 185 
 
 199, 573, 3C0 
 
 700, 455, 545 
 
 
 From July 1, 1882, to jSToveinber 1, the Director estimates that there 
 was added to the coin $15,300,491 of gold and $8,738,472 of silver, mak- 
 ing the stock of coin in the country at the latter date $724,500,508, of 
 which $510,188,070 was gold and $208,311,832 was silver. 
 
 The amount of bullion in the mint and in the New York assay office 
 on November 1 is stated to have been $50,910,780 of gold and $4,012,503 
 of silver, making in all $54,929,283; which, added to the estimated amount 
 of coin stated above, gives $779,429,791, of which amount $507,105,450 
 was gold and $212,324,335 was silver. 
 
 The following table shows the amount of gold and silver, including 
 the amount held to protect gold and silver certificates, and the percent- 
 age of each, in the Treasury of the United States, on September 30 of 
 each year from 1876 to 1882, and ou November 1, 1882 : 
 
 Period. 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Standard 
 dollars. 
 
 Other coin 
 and bullion. 
 
 Total eU- 
 ver. 
 
 Gold coin 
 and bullion. 
 
 Total coin 
 and bullion. 
 
 Per cent of— 
 
 SUyer. 
 
 Gold 
 
 Sept.30, 187C.. 
 Sept 30, 1877.. 
 Sept 30, 1878.. 
 Sopt, 30, 1679.. 
 Sept. 30, 1880.. 
 Sept 30, 1881 . . 
 Sept 30, 1882.. 
 Nov.l, 1882... 
 
 $12, 155, 205 
 31,806,774 
 47,784,744 
 GO, 0<i2, 007 
 92, 2'J8, C49 
 92, 414, 977 
 
 $6, 020, 367 
 7. 425, 454 
 1.% 777, 937 
 21,173,023 
 30, 878, 280 
 28, 045, 207 
 30, 709, 70.'-> 
 30, 701, 935 
 
 $C. 029, 307 
 7, 425, 4r>4 
 27. 933, 142 
 r.2, 979, 797 
 78, 663, 030 
 90, 037, 964 
 122, 998, 3.54 
 123, 170, 912 
 
 $r,ry, 423, 0.-9 
 
 107, O'O, 529 
 
 130, ma, 302 
 
 ir.9, 827. 571 
 13.\ 041, 450 
 174,361,34.3 
 ].';2, 739, 1(10 
 159, 805, 7 14 
 
 $01,4.-2,426 
 114,404.983 
 163, 909, 444 
 222, 807, 368 
 214, 304, 480 
 269, 399, 307 
 27.'"., 737, 4R0 
 282, 982, 656 
 
 9.8 
 0.5 
 17.0 
 23.8 
 36.7 
 35.3 
 44.0 
 43.5 
 
 90.2 
 93.5 
 83.0 
 76.2 
 C3.3 
 04. 7 
 5.5. 4 
 66.5
 
 152 
 
 PArEKM ACCOMPANYING TlIK 
 
 The bullion in (in; Ji;iiik of Eii;;hui(l for each year Irom 1870 to 1882, 
 
 is shown in the folio win]i 
 five dollars 
 
 I able, the i)ound sterling:? being estimated at 
 
 1870 §10:?, 1)00, 000 
 
 1871 117,950,000 
 
 1872 112,000,000 
 
 1873 11:5,500,000 
 
 1874 111,450,000 
 
 1875 110,000,000 
 
 1876 14:3,500,000 
 
 1877 • §120,850,000 
 
 1878 110,200,000 
 
 1879* 150,942,980 
 
 IBBOt 141,0:57,000 
 
 1881t 115,221,870 
 
 1882t 108,080,912 
 
 Below is a similar table, giving the amount of gold and silver, and 
 the percentage of each, in the Bank of France, on December 31 of each 
 yearf from 1870 to 1881, and on November 2, 1882, five francs being 
 estimated at one dollar : 
 
 Years. 
 
 December 31 J 870 
 Dtcnnlier31, 1871 
 December 31, 1JS72 
 December 31, 1S73 
 December 31, 1874 
 December 31, 1875 
 December 31, 1876 
 December 31, 1877 
 December 31, 1878 
 December 31, 1879 
 December 31, 1880 
 December 31, 1881 
 November 2, 1882 . 
 
 Silver coin 
 and bullion. 
 
 Gold coin 
 and bullion. 
 
 $13, 700. 
 
 i 0,240, 
 
 20, 520, 
 
 31, 260, 
 
 G2, 040, 
 
 101, 000, 
 
 127, 720, 
 
 173, 080, 
 
 211,620, 
 
 245, 5-.'0, 
 
 244, 360, 
 
 231, 180, 
 
 223, 136, 
 
 $85, 740, 000 
 110, 680, 000 
 131, 740, 000 
 ll'2, 260, 000 
 204, 220, 000 
 234, 860, 000 
 306, 080, 000 
 235, 420, 000 
 196, 720, 000 
 148, 320, 000 
 110,480,000 
 129, 160, 000 
 194, 314, 000 
 
 Per cent of— 
 
 Total. 
 
 $99, 440, 000 
 126, 920, 000 
 158,260,000 
 153, 520, 000 
 266, 860, 000 
 335, 860, 000 
 433, 800, 000 
 408, 500, 000 
 408, 340, 000 
 393, 840, 000 
 354, 840, 000 
 360, 340, 000 
 417, 450, 000 
 
 Silver. 
 
 13.8 
 12.8 
 10.8 
 20.4 
 23.5 
 30.1 
 29.4 
 42.4 
 51.8 
 62.3 
 68.9 
 64.2 
 53.5 
 
 Gold. 
 
 80.2 
 87.2 
 83.2 
 79.6 
 76.5 
 69.9 
 70.6 
 57.6 
 48.2 
 37.7 
 31.1 
 35.8 
 46.5 
 
 TRANSACTIONS OF THE NEW YORK CLEARING HOUSE. 
 
 The New York Clearing House Association is composed of forty-seven 
 national and fourteen State banks, and the assistant treasurer of the 
 United States at New York. 
 
 Through the courtesy of Mr. W. A. Camp, its manager, a statement 
 of the transactions during the year ending October 1, 1882, has been 
 obtained, which shows that the total exchanges were more than 
 forty-six thousand millions of dollars, while the balances paid in money 
 were nearly 1,000 millions. The daily average balances paid were some- 
 what more than $5,000,000, or about 3.4 j^er cent, of the amount of the 
 settlements. The balances paid in money during the year consisted of 
 $1,325,990,000 in clearing house certificates of the Bank of America, 
 legal tenders amounting to $10,220,245, and $258,550,000 in gold coin, 
 weighing 476J tons. If, instead of gold coin, silver had been used, the 
 weight would have been nearly 8,000 tons. Since the date of the issue 
 of the new gold certificates (October 4), authorized by the act of July 12, 
 1882, the balances due from the government have been paid in these 
 
 * London Economist, November 8, 1879. 
 
 t London Bankers' Magazine, October, 16S0, 1881, and 1882. 
 
 t The Bulletin de Statistique, as quoted in the Bankers' Magazine, New York, vol. 
 xiii, page 740; except the items for 1879-'80 and '81, which were obtained from the 
 London Bankers' Magazine for August, 18S0, page OGl, September, 18S1. page 716^ 
 and September, 1862, page 739, and the last item from The London Economist, Novem- 
 ber 4, 1882.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 153 
 
 ceitilicates instead of coiu, thus dispeusiug with the movement of large 
 amounts in bags and upon drays from the Treasury to the custody of the 
 banks. The following table shows the yearly transactions of the New 
 York clearing house for the twenty-nine years since its organization in 
 1853, and the amoimts and ratios of currency required for the payment 
 of daily balances : 
 
 Years. 
 
 No. of 
 banks. 
 
 •Capital. 
 
 Exchanges. 
 
 Balances paid 
 in money. 
 
 Average 
 
 daily 
 exchanges. 
 
 Average 
 daily bal- 
 ances paid 
 in money. 
 
 Ra- 
 tios. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per.et 
 
 1854 
 
 50 
 
 $47, 044, 900 
 
 $5, 750, 455, 987 
 
 $297. 411, 404 $19. 104, 505 
 
 $988, 078 
 
 5.2 
 
 1855 
 
 48 
 
 48, 884, 180 
 
 5, 362, 912, 098 
 
 289,694.137 j 17, 412. 0.12 
 
 940,565 
 
 5.4 
 
 1856 
 
 50 
 
 52, 883, 700 
 
 6, 906, 213, 329 
 
 334, 714, 489 22, 278, 108 
 
 1, 079. 724 
 
 4.8 
 
 1857 
 
 50 
 
 64, 420, 200 
 
 8, 333, 226, 718 
 
 365, 313, 902 26. 908, 371 
 
 1. 182, 246 
 
 4.4 
 
 1858 
 
 46 
 
 67, 146, 018 
 
 4, 756, 004, 386 
 
 314.238,911 15,393,730 
 
 1, 016, 954 
 
 6.6 
 
 1859 
 
 47 
 
 67, 921. 714 
 
 0, 448, 005, 956 
 
 303, 984, 683 20, «G7, 333 
 
 1, 177, 944 
 
 5.6 
 
 1800 
 
 50 
 
 69, 907, 435 
 
 7, 231, 143, 057 
 
 380, 693, 438 23, 401, 757 
 
 1, 232, 018 
 
 5.3 
 
 1801 
 
 50 
 
 68, 900. 605 
 
 5, 915, 742, 758 
 
 353, 383, 944 \ 19, 200, 520 
 
 1,151,088 
 
 6.0 
 
 18C2 
 
 50 
 
 68, 375, 820 
 
 6, 871. 443, 591 
 
 415, 5.30, 331 ! 22, 237, 682 
 
 1, 344, 75S 
 
 6.0 
 
 1863 
 
 50 
 
 68, 972, 508 
 
 14, 867, 597, 848 
 
 677, 626, 483 
 
 48, 428, 657 
 
 2, 207, 252 
 
 4.8 
 
 1804 
 
 49 
 
 68, 580, 703 
 
 24, 097, 196, 656 
 
 885, 719, 205 
 
 77. 984. 455 
 
 2, 866, 405 
 
 3.7 
 
 1805 
 
 55 
 
 80, 303, 013 
 
 26, 032, 384, 342 
 
 1, 035. 705. 108 
 
 84, 796, 040 
 
 3, 373, 828 
 
 4.0 
 
 18C6 
 
 58 
 
 82, 370, 200 
 
 28. 717, 140, 914 
 
 1. 006, 135, 106 
 
 93, 541, 195 
 
 3, 472, 753 
 
 3.7 
 
 1807 
 
 58 
 
 81, 770, 200 
 
 28,675,159,472 
 
 1,144,963,451 1 93,101,167 
 
 3,717,414 
 
 4.0 
 
 1808 
 
 59 
 
 82, 270, 200 
 
 28, 484, 288, 637 
 
 1. 125, 455, 237 1 92. 182. 164 
 
 3, 642, 250 
 
 4.0 
 
 1869 
 
 59 
 
 82, 720, 200 
 
 37, 407, 028, 987 
 
 1, 120, 318, 308 121, 4.31. 393 
 
 3, 637. 397 
 
 3.0 
 
 1870 
 
 61 
 
 83, 020, 200 
 
 27, 804, 530, 406 
 
 1, 030, 484, 822 , 90, 274, 479 
 
 3. 365, 210 
 
 3.7 
 
 1871 
 
 62 
 
 84, 420, 200 
 
 29. 300, 986, 082 
 
 1,209.721,029 1 95,13.3,074 
 
 3. 927, 666 
 
 4.1 
 
 1872 
 
 61 
 
 84, 420, 200 
 
 33, 844, 369, 568 
 
 1, 428. 582, 707 109, 884, 317 
 
 4, 636, 632 
 
 4.2 
 
 1873 
 
 59 
 
 83, 370, 200 
 
 35. 401, 052, 826 
 
 1, 474, 50f , 025 115,88.5,794 
 
 4, 818, 654 
 
 4.1 
 
 1874 
 
 59 
 
 81, 635, 200 
 
 22, 855, 927, 636 
 
 1, 286, 753, 176 74. 692, 574 
 
 4, 205. 076 
 
 5.7 
 
 1875 
 
 59 
 
 80, 435, 200 
 
 25, 061, 237, 902 
 
 1, 408, 608, 777 , 81, 899, 470 
 
 4, 603, 297 
 
 5.0 
 
 1876 
 
 59 
 
 81, 731, 200 
 
 21, 597, 274, 247 
 
 1, 295, 042, 029 70, 349, 428 
 
 4, 218. 378 
 
 5.9 
 
 1877 
 
 58 
 
 71, 085, 200 
 
 23, 289, 243, 701 
 
 1, 373, 996, 302 | 76. 358, 176 
 
 4, 504. 9U6 
 
 5.9 
 
 1878 
 
 57 
 
 63, 611, 500 
 
 22, 508, 438, 442 
 
 1, 307, 843, 857 t 73. 555. 988 
 
 4, 274, 000 
 
 5.8 
 
 1879 
 
 59 
 
 60, 800, 200 
 
 25, 178, 770. 701 
 
 1, 400, 111, 063 82, 015, 540 
 
 4, 560, 022 
 
 5.6 
 
 1880 
 
 57 
 
 60. 475, 200 
 
 37, 182, 128, 621 
 
 1,516,538,631 121,510,224 
 
 4, 956, 009 
 
 4.1 
 
 1881 
 
 60 
 
 61, 162, 700 
 
 48, 565, 818, 212 
 
 1,776,018,162 159,2.32,191 
 
 5, 823, 010 
 
 3.5 
 
 1882 
 
 61 
 
 60. 902, 700 
 
 46, 552, 846, 161 
 
 1, 595, 000, 245 151, 637, 935 
 
 5, 195, 440 
 
 3.4 
 
 
 t71,043,710 
 
 ♦645,059,244,842 
 
 :28, 280, 157, 052 J 72, 443, Oil 
 
 1 3, 176, 537 
 
 4.4 
 
 The total amount of transactions for the twenty-nine years given in 
 the table is $645,059,244,812, and the annual average is $22,243,422,236. 
 
 The clearing house transactions of the assistant treasurer of the United 
 States at New York, for the year ending November 1, 1882, were as follows : 
 
 Exchanges received from clearing-house $.341,737, 470 97 
 
 Exchanges delivered to clearing-house r24,%:i, 744 70 
 
 Balances paid to clearing-house t- 218, h'JU,803 2C 
 
 Balances received from clearing-house 2, 126, 076 99 
 
 Showing that the amount paid by the assistant treasurer to the clear- 
 ing-house was iu excess of the amount received by him 2111, 773, 72G 27 
 
 A table compiled from statements made by the New York clearing- 
 house, giving the clearings and balances weekly for the months of 
 September, October, and November, of the years from 1874 to 1882, will 
 be found in the appendix, and are valualde for purposes of ci>mparison. 
 
 The following table exhibits the transactions of cleariug-hou.ses located 
 
 "The capital is for various dates, the amount at a uniform date iu each year not 
 being obtainable, 
 t Yearly averages for tweuty-nine years. \ Totals for twenty-nine years.
 
 154 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 in 22 cities, for the year ending October 1, 1882, from official returns re- 
 ceived by the manager of New York Clearing-House: 
 
 Cities. 
 
 BoBton, MiiHS 
 
 Pliilml.li.liia, Pa.. 
 
 CliiciiKo, 111 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio .., 
 Saint LoiiiH. Mo .. 
 
 Baltimore, Mil 
 
 San Fniiicisco. Cal 
 Npw Orl'-ans, La.. 
 Pittsbiivgh, I'a .... 
 Louisville, Ky .... 
 Milwaukee, wis . . 
 Kansas City. Mo.. 
 Cl.^vcland, 'Ohio... 
 Indianapolis, Ind . 
 
 Hart fold, Conn 
 
 Peoria, 111 
 
 Memphis, Tenn 
 
 Worcester, Mass.. 
 Spriuiitit'ld, Mass . 
 
 Lowell, Ma.<<8 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y 
 
 New York City.... 
 
 22 cities 
 
 New York City 
 
 Exchanges. 
 
 46, 
 
 T.'iS, 4<16. 
 
 760, 040, 
 
 .37:t, 'JU.'i, 
 
 971,000, 
 
 878, .040, 
 
 700. 464, 
 
 C:{5, 7H7, 
 
 4K4, 61.-., 
 
 4:t3, 089, 
 
 .■?92, 189, 
 
 3HS, 170. 
 
 178. 044, 
 
 llfi, 481, 
 
 112, 000, 
 
 88, 4!).'!, 
 
 54, 428. 
 
 43, 693, 
 
 42, 769. 
 
 41,4r)0, 
 
 28, .502, 
 
 21. 929, 
 
 552, 846, 
 
 901 00 
 
 90.-) 49 
 4h7 00 
 000 00 
 184 00 
 .")08 35 
 078 51 
 412 00 
 238 82 
 9:^4 00 
 940 06 
 500 00 
 767 00 
 000 00 
 001) 00 
 517 iiO 
 882 07 
 GGt; 00 
 006 00 
 .573 08 
 316 97 
 161 34 
 
 Balances. 
 
 $479, 090, 
 234, 099, 
 247, 934, 
 
 (*) 
 
 141,172, 
 
 83, 908, 
 
 112,275, 
 
 49, 7.33, 
 
 82,218, 
 
 41,072, 
 
 62, i>W, 
 
 (*) 
 
 (*) 
 
 24. 000. 
 
 23, .588, 
 
 n 
 
 9, 721, 
 13, 747, 
 12, 694, 
 10,701, 
 
 6, 043, 
 1, 595, 000, 
 
 C85 00 
 190 71 
 356 00 
 
 251 00 
 848 07 
 530 21 
 734 00 
 178 18 
 489 27 
 929 20 
 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 
 986 74 
 394 00 
 908 74 
 600 94 
 858 28 
 245 27 
 
 61, 054, 353, 584 75 i 3, 229, 701, 191 61 
 
 76.3 per cent, of 49.4 per cent, of 
 
 total exchanges. total balances. 
 
 * Xo record kept. 
 
 The following interesting table bas been copied from the Public, of 
 New York City, of November 23, which gives the latest information con- 
 cerning the exchanges at New Y^ork and other cities having clearing- 
 houses, for the week ending November 18, 1882, comparing them with 
 those for the corresponding week in 1881, and showing the ijercentage 
 of diflerences. The exchanges at the same places for the week ending 
 November 11, 1882, are also given with the percentage of differences re- 
 sulting from a comparison with the exchanges for the same week of the 
 previous year. 
 
 Week ending November 18. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 Week ending Nov- 
 eruber 11. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent. 
 
 New York 
 
 Boston 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Saint Lonis 
 
 Pittsburg 
 
 Baltinu)re 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 New Orleans 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Louisville 
 
 Providence 
 
 Kansas City 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Indianapolis 
 
 Hartford 
 
 Memphis 
 
 New Haven 
 
 Peoria 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Portland 
 
 Worcester 
 
 Spriugtield 
 
 Lowell 
 
 Syracuse 
 
 Total 
 
 Outside New York 
 
 , 054, 58.5, 
 
 75, 587, 
 
 55, 876, 
 
 48, 202, 
 
 21, 494, 
 
 17, 0?0, 
 
 14, 586, 
 
 14, 514, 
 
 14,116, 
 
 13,491, 
 
 8, 123, 
 
 7, a38, 
 
 5,421, 
 
 4, 630, 
 
 2, 393, 
 
 2,141, 
 
 2, 05.5, 
 
 1, 634, 
 
 1,418, 
 
 1, 078, 
 
 1, 073, 
 
 *1, 030, 
 
 949, 
 
 945, 
 
 772, 
 
 576, 
 
 666 
 083 
 635 
 252 
 000 
 980 
 503 
 871 
 305 
 661 
 670 
 929 
 800 
 200 
 822 
 641 
 788 
 766 
 481 
 .558 
 541 
 655 
 086 
 168 
 367 
 316 
 
 $892, 319, 707 
 
 86, 781, 980 
 
 57, 969, 493 
 
 46, 857, 356 
 
 20, 275, 000 
 
 18, 552, 432 
 
 8, 231, 182 
 
 15, 270, 602 
 
 13, 934, 168 
 
 12, 381, 927 
 
 7, 816, 7.56 
 
 7, 158, 985 
 
 5, 069, 600 
 
 3, 074, 700 
 
 2, 577, 219 
 
 2, 434, 748 
 
 1, 762, 978 
 
 1,611,834 
 
 1, 263, 734 
 
 1, 062, 509 
 
 899, 134 
 
 +18. 2 
 -12.9 
 -3.6 
 + 2.9 
 + 6.0 
 -7.9 
 +77. 2 
 -4.9 
 + 1.3 
 + 9.0 
 + 3.9 
 + 2.5 
 + 6.9 
 +50.6 
 -7.1 
 -12.0 
 + 16.6 
 + 1.4 
 + 12.2 
 + 1.5 
 +19.4 
 
 880.377 
 926, 288 
 546, 991 
 504, 512 
 
 + 7.8 
 + 2.0 
 +41.2 
 + 14.2 
 
 950, 469, 957 
 
 74, 693, 348 
 
 54, 04(1, 419 
 
 48, 221, 994 
 
 19, 109, 500 
 
 17. 870, 457 
 
 23,161,722 
 
 12. 213, 1,56 
 
 10, 493, 471 
 
 14, 512, 512 
 
 6,915,788 
 
 6,781,630 
 
 5. 304, 900 
 
 5, 300, 000 
 
 2,398,234 I 
 
 1,897,587 I 
 
 1,878.811 I 
 
 1,707,416 ; 
 
 1, 308, 520 
 
 1. 127, 170 
 
 1, 254, 293 
 
 *1, ISO, 168 
 
 930, 826 
 
 823, 707 
 
 704, 848 
 
 507, 070 
 
 + 19.3 
 -11.1 
 +11.0 
 
 - 2.7 
 
 - 3.8 
 -11.6 
 
 +173. 8 
 
 - 7.8 
 -14.5 
 +2L3 
 
 - .2 
 -13.8 
 + .9 
 +71.8 
 + 1.1 
 -23.3 
 + 15 6 
 +36.3 
 + 14.6 
 
 - 4.0 
 +21.0 
 
 + 11.7 
 
 - 7.4 
 + 30.9 
 + 28.8 
 
 1,370,090,689 I 1,210,164,212 
 315, 505, 023 317, 844, 505 
 
 +13.2 
 — .7 
 
 1,263,687,336 +14.7 
 313,217,380 +2.7 
 
 'Portland omitted in footings.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 155 
 CLEARINa-HOUSE CERTIFICATES. 
 
 Section 5192 Revised Statutes provides that clearing-house certifi- 
 cates, representing specie or lawful money specially deposited for the 
 purposes of any clearing-house association, shall also be deemed to be 
 lawful mone^' in the possession of any association belonging to such 
 clearing-house holding and owning such certificate; and section 5193 
 provides that the Secretary of the Treasury may receive United States 
 notes on deposit, without interest, from any national banking associa- 
 tion, in sums not less th;in ten thousand dollars, and issue certiticatcs 
 therefor in denominations of not less than five thousand dollars, which 
 certiticates may be counted as part of tlie lawful-nioncy reserve, and 
 may be accepted in the settlement of clearing-house balances at the 
 places where the deposits therefor were made. 
 
 The legal-tender note certificates were first issued in the fiscal year 
 1873. On June 30, 1875, there were outstanding $59,()45,()()0 of these 
 certiticates, of which the national banks held $47,31{>,(»()U. On June 30, 
 187G, the amount outstanding was $33,140,000, of which the banks 
 held $!27,9r.5,0U0. On June 30, 1879, the amount had been reduced to 
 $29,330,000, and the banks held on June 14 of the same year, $25,180,000. 
 The amount outstanding on October 3, 1882, was $10,725,000, and the 
 national banks held on that day, $8,045,000. 
 
 The issue of the gold certificates was authorized by the fifth section of 
 the act of March 3, 1803, and they were used for clearing-house purposes 
 soon after the i)assage of the national bank act. The first issue was 
 made on aSTovember 13, 1805. On June 30, 1875. there were outstanding 
 $21,790,300,of which the national banks in Xew York City held $12,042, 180. 
 The issue of these certificates was discontinued on December 1, 1878. and 
 the amount outstanding had decreased on June 30,1879, to $15,413,700, 
 and on October 1, 1880, to $7,480,100. The amount outstanding on 
 October 3, was $4,907,440, of which the national banks held $4,594,300, 
 The issue of gold certiticates having been discontinued by' the govern- 
 ment, and the amount of gold coin having rapidly increased, the banks 
 in New York found it necessary to establish a depository of gold coin 
 for the convenience of the clearing-house. This depository at the i)resent 
 time is the Bank of America, by which bank certitici^.tes of deposit 
 were first issued on October 14, 1879. The amount of such certifi- 
 cates outstanding on November 1, 1882, was $20,390,000; on January 
 1, 1880, $25,010,000. The largest amount of coin on dei)Osit, during tlie 
 year, was on January 21, 1882, viz, $45,330,000, the capacity of the 
 vault having been increased since 1880. The national banks of New 
 York City lieid on July 1, 1882, $34,48(1,000; on October 3, $41,132,000. 
 
 The act of rebniary 28, 1878, autliorized any holder of silver dollars 
 of the weight of 412;^ grains troy of standard silver, to deposit the 
 same with the Treasurer, or any assistant treasurer, of the United 
 States, in sums not less than ten dollars, and receive therelbr certiticates 
 of not less tlian ten dollars each, corresponding with the denomina- 
 tions of the United States notes. It required tliat the coin deposited, 
 or representing the certificates, should be retained in the Trea.Miry for 
 the payment of the same on den)an(l, and that said certiticates should be 
 receivable for customs, taxes, and all jmhbc dues, ami also authorized 
 their reissue. This act did not authorize theil^" use as clearing-house 
 certificates, nor make them availalde as r<'serve for the Tiational banks. 
 
 The act of July 12, 1882, authorized and directed the Secretary of the 
 Treasury to receive dei)osits of gold coin in denominations of not less 
 than $20 each, corresponding with the denominations of United States
 
 156 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 notes. The coin deposited for the certilicates is required to be retained 
 for the payment of the same on demand, and these certilicates, and also 
 silver certificates, are authorized to be counted as part of the lawful 
 reserve of the national banks. 
 The act also provides that — 
 
 No national banking association shall bo a member of any clearing house in which 
 snch certificates shall not be receivable in the settlement oi clearing-house balances. 
 
 The amount of silver certificates outstanding on l^ovember 1 was 
 $65,020,450. The amount of gold certificates which had been issued 
 under this act on November 1, 1882, was $21,790,000. 
 
 STATE BANKS, TRUST COMPANIES, AND SAVINGS BANKS. 
 
 The act of Congress of February 19, 1873, section 333 of the United 
 States Kevised Statutes, requires the Comptroller to obtain from au- 
 thentic sources, and report to Congress, statements, exhibiting under 
 appropriate heads, the resources and liabilities of such banks and sav- 
 ings banks as are organized under the laws of the several States and 
 Territories. In compliance with this act, he has presented annually in 
 the appendices to his reports, the resources and liabilities of these corpo- 
 rations, so far as it has been possible to obtain them. Through the 
 courtesy of State officers, returns of State banks, savings banks, and 
 trust and loan companies have, during the jjast year, been received from 
 twenty-three States. Many of the States and Territories, including 
 Illinois, Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota, Oregon, Virginia, and Tennessee 
 do not require periodical returns of the condition of the different classes 
 of banks organized under their laws. 
 
 From these returns, the following abstract has been compiled, show- 
 ing the resources and liabilities of State banks and trust companies for 
 the last three years, the number reporting in 1880 being 650; in 1881, 
 683, and in 1882, 704. 
 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 650 banks. 
 
 683 banks. 
 
 704 banks. 
 
 RESOUKCES. 
 
 $281, 496, 731 
 
 597, 699 
 
 26, 252, 182 
 
 35, 6(il, 792 
 
 40, 340, 345 
 
 19, 489, 086 
 
 7, 374, 037 
 
 979, 492 
 
 11, 176, 592 
 
 6, 905, 977 
 
 51, 500, 226 
 
 $352, 725, 986 
 1, 407, 695 
 27, 680, 025 
 42, 330, 957 
 54, 602, 829 
 21, 396, 772 
 11, 941, 741 
 1. 136, 427 
 
 16, 900, 762 
 
 17, 925, 628 
 27, 391, 317 
 
 $404,574,420 
 
 1,373,116 
 
 25, 673, 984 
 
 Ovordrafts 
 
 United Stati's bonds 
 
 
 45, 658. 783 
 57, 973, 718 
 
 Due fiom banks 
 
 
 19, 915, 682 
 
 Otliov assL'ta 
 
 13, 685, 205 
 
 Expenses 
 
 1, 193, 345 
 
 
 18, .^46, 073 
 
 Specie 
 
 17, 902, 760 
 
 Legal-tenders, bank notes, &o 
 
 27, 322, 912 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 481, 774, 159 
 
 575, 500, 139 
 
 633, 819, 998 
 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Capital stock 
 
 109, 318, 451 
 
 283, 308 
 
 25, 008, 431 
 
 10, 774, 731 
 
 486, 094 
 
 298, 759, 619 
 
 18, 613, 336 
 
 18, 530, 189 
 
 112,111,325 
 
 274, 941 
 
 27, 857, 976 
 
 12, 237, 320 
 
 576, 413 
 
 373, 032, 632 
 
 19, 105, 664 
 
 30, 303, 868 
 
 113, 361, 931 
 
 Circulation . 
 
 286, 391 
 
 Surplua fund 
 
 31, 504, 352 
 
 TJudividnd profits *. 
 
 14, 758, 438 
 
 Dividends unpaid 
 
 577, 419 
 
 Deposits 
 
 426, 677, 092 
 
 Due to banks 
 
 18, 409, 351 
 
 Other liabilities 
 
 28, 245, 024 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 481, 774, 159 
 
 575, 500, 139 
 
 633, 819, 998 
 

 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 157 
 
 The foregoiug table was prepared from returns from all the New Eng- 
 land States, except Maine; from four Middle States, not iuclu:ling 
 Delaware, and from all the Western States, excepting Illinois, Kansas, 
 and ]S'ebraska. The only Southern States from wliich reports have 
 been received were South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, and 
 Kentucky. The only Pacific State is California. There no are State 
 banks in Maine, but one in New Hampshire, six in Vermont, and none 
 in Massachusetts. There are, however, six trust and loan companies in 
 the latter State, one in Ehode Island, and seven in Connecticut, 
 
 SAVINGS BANKS. 
 
 The following table exhibits the aggregate resources and liabilities of 
 629 savings banks in 1880, 1881, and 1882 : 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 RESOURCES. 
 
 Loans on real estate 
 
 Loans on personal and collateral security.... 
 
 United States bonds 
 
 state, municipal, and other bonds and stocks 
 
 Kailroad bonds and stocks 
 
 Bank stock 
 
 Real estate 
 
 Other assets 
 
 Expenses 
 
 Duo from banks 
 
 Cash 
 
 Total 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Deposit.^! 
 
 Sarplns fund 
 
 Unuividod profits 
 
 Other liabilities 
 
 Totel 
 
 $315, 273, 232 
 
 70, 175, 090 
 
 187, 413, 220 
 
 150, 440, 359 
 
 20, 705, 378 
 
 32, 225, 923 
 
 39, 038, 502 
 
 27, 053, 452 
 
 216, 423 
 
 22, 063, 091 
 
 17, 072, 680 
 
 $307, 096, 158 
 
 95, 817, 641 
 
 210, 84.5, 514 
 
 159, 819, 942 
 
 27, 069, 048 
 
 33, 249, 203 
 
 41, 987, 674 
 
 37, 408, 163 
 
 135, 572 
 
 40, 603, 641 
 
 13,758,106 
 
 $307, 089, 227 
 
 128, 483, 698 
 
 237, 786, 442 
 
 206, 291, 274 
 
 32, 994, 578 
 
 35, 365, 717 
 
 39, 882, 429 
 
 11,047,346 
 
 132, 204 
 
 38, 977, 1.35 
 
 14, 932, 015 
 
 881, 677, 350 
 
 819,106,973 
 51, 226, 472 
 4, 740, 861 
 6, 603, 044 
 
 881, 677, 350 
 
 907, 790, 662 1 , 052, 982, 065 
 
 891, 961, 142 
 
 60, 289, 905 
 
 10, 325, 800 
 
 5,213,815 
 
 967, 790, 6C2 
 
 966, 797, 081 
 69,454,512 
 11,136.219 
 5, 5W, 253 
 
 1, 052, 982, 065 
 
 The foregoing table includes the returns from the six New England 
 States, from four Middle States, not including Delaware, from the States 
 of Ohio, Indiana, California, and the District of Columbia. The ag- 
 gregate of loans in the New England States is $252,010,803, and o£ 
 deposits, $430,233,402. In the Middle States the aggregate of loans is 
 $145,099,503, and of deposits, $409,058,085. 
 
 Some of the largest savings banks in the city of Philadelphia, organ- 
 ized under old charters, are not required to make rcjiorts to any State 
 officer. Returns received directly from four of these banks, having de- 
 posits amounting to $29,913,005, are included in the returns from the 
 State of Pennsylvania. 
 
 The savings-banks deposits, given in the foregoing table for 1882, 
 based upon reports made to State authorities, are $900,797,081, and the 
 deposits of the State banks and trust companies were $420,077,092. 
 These returns do not include bank de])Osits. The de])osits of the 
 national banks on October 3, 1882, exclusive of those due to banks, 
 were $1,138,071,777. These (Je])osits of the national banks bear to those 
 of the savings banks the iirojiortion, nearly, of 55 to 45 ; to those of the 
 State banks and trust coinpani«'S tlie ])r()p()ition of 73 to 27; and to the 
 combined deposits of both, tlic proportion of 15 to 55. 
 
 The total population of New England, according to the census of 1880,
 
 158 
 
 PAPERS ACCOSrPANYING THE 
 
 was 4,010,520, and tlio iinmbor of open -deposit accounts of tlie savings 
 banks in the year 1882 is 1,204,850, \vlii<;h is equal to .'32.3 accounts to 
 eacli one Imndred of the entire population. The averaire amount of 
 each a(!Couiit is $332.2(5, and if the total deposits were divided among 
 the entire population, the average sum of $107.27 could be given to each 
 individual. 
 
 The dejiosits of the savings banks in the State of New York were 
 $387,832,803, while the i)Oj)ulation is 5,082,871, showing that an equal 
 distribution of the savings-banks dejwsits among the entire po])ulation 
 of the State would give $70.30 to each individual. Tables showing the 
 aggregate resources and liabilities of State banks, trust companies, and 
 savings banks in each State, from which returns have been received 
 from the State authorities appear in the Appendix. 
 
 A table is also there given showing by States the number of savings- 
 bank depositors and the average amount due to each in 1881 and 1882. 
 
 PRIVATE BANKERS. 
 
 In the Appendix will be found three comprehensive tables of two 
 pages each, giving by geographical divisions, and by States, Territories, 
 and principal cities, the number of State banks, savings banks, trust 
 and loan companies, and private bankers of the country, for the present 
 and two previous years, together with the amount of their capital and 
 deposits, and the amount of their capital invested by them in United 
 States bonds. The first official infonnation of this character ever pub- 
 lished in regard to the private bankers of the country was contained in 
 a table in the Comptroller's report for 1880. The following information 
 in reference to the private bankers in sixteen of the principal cities has 
 been compiled from the table in the Appendix for the year 1882 : 
 
 Cities. 
 
 Boston — 
 
 New York City 
 
 Albany 
 
 Philadelphia.^ 
 
 Pittsburgh 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 Washington — 
 New Orleans... 
 Louisville ...... 
 
 Cincinnati...... 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Chicago ....... 
 
 Detroit 
 
 Milwaukee .... 
 
 Saint Louis 
 
 San Francisco.. 
 
 Totals... 
 
 Number 
 of banks. 
 
 64 
 
 536 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 35 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 27 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 Capital. 
 
 51, 654, 
 
 91, 
 
 2, 040, 
 
 785, 
 
 1, 104, 
 
 4 OS, 
 
 "1, 
 
 180, 
 
 686, 
 
 77, 
 
 8, 604, 
 
 161, 
 
 160, 
 
 205, 
 
 2, 030, 
 
 796 i 74,440,599 
 
 Deposits. 
 
 980, 391 
 364, 207 
 85, 767 
 097, 791 
 278, 514 
 942, 802 
 338, 716 
 1,082 
 709, 290 
 869, 514 
 599, 202 
 916. 243 
 095, 923 
 352, 465 
 246, 285 
 863, 554 
 
 109, 741, 746 
 
 Invested in 
 
 United States 
 
 bonds. 
 
 $871, 395 
 7, 840, 422 
 
 77,738 
 
 54, 712 
 
 177, 107 
 
 326, 634 
 
 20.1,858 
 14, 210 
 235,787 
 5,750 
 3,812 
 45,825 
 152, 956 
 
 in, 016, 206 
 
 The total number of private bankers in the foregoing cities is 796, 
 with an aggregate capital of $74,440,590, and aggregate deposits of 
 $109,741,740; the average capital being $93,518, and the average de- 
 posits $137,867. About 68 per cent, of these private banks are located 
 in New York City, representing more than two-thirds of the aggregate 
 capital and over one-half of the aggregate deposits. In the city of New 
 York the average amount of capital is $96,370 and deposits $105,157 
 for each private banker ; and the bankers in that city also held $7,846,422 
 of United States bonds, or nearly one-half of the amount of such bonds 
 held by all of the private bankers of the coontry.
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 159 
 
 The following table gives similar infoi'Diatioii for the thirty-three States 
 and Territories, exclusive of the cities in the above table, having an 
 amount of cajiital in excess of $100,000. In tliis table the number of 
 private bankers is 2,5iJ0; the aggregate amount of capital, $39,287,623, 
 and of deposits $181,970,004:, the average capital being $15,529, and the 
 average dei)osits $71,925. 
 
 States and Territories. 
 
 P«'nn8ylvania.. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Illinois 
 
 lodiana 
 
 Texaa 
 
 New York 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Michifran 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Oregon 
 
 "Wisconsin 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Montana 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Connecticut ... 
 WashinjTton . .. 
 Rhode Island . . 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 California 
 
 Utah 
 
 Nevada 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 Loui^iuna 
 
 Florida , 
 
 Totals... 
 
 No. of 
 banks. 
 
 203 
 
 221 
 
 315 
 
 297 
 
 118 
 
 12H 
 
 162 
 
 164 
 
 149 
 
 89 
 
 109 
 
 126 
 
 17 
 
 85 
 
 25 
 
 48 
 
 23 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 19 
 
 61 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 2,530 
 
 Capital. 
 
 $4, 295. 918 
 
 4, 2!l4. 085 
 
 4, 1X6, (551 
 
 3, 735, 378 
 
 3, 28(>, 507 
 
 2, 708, 364 
 
 1, 753, 420 
 
 1, 633. 919 
 
 1, 407, 597 
 
 1, -JOS, 396 
 
 902,068 
 
 931, .366 
 
 863, 367 
 
 780, 952 
 
 662, 368 
 
 629, 039 
 
 576. 175 
 
 570, 858 
 
 561. 667 
 
 477, 158 
 
 41. H, 657 
 
 412,496 
 
 410. 590 
 
 392, 789 
 
 37'2. .537 
 
 351!, 006 
 
 278, 404 
 
 21. '■..445 
 
 193. 428 
 
 189. 577 
 
 176, 076 
 
 132, 286 
 
 131, 521 
 
 Deposits. 
 
 124, 780, 177 
 
 23, 709, 057 
 10, 703, 267 
 
 24, 328, 452 
 14, 069, 359 
 
 7, 224. 006 
 15, 1.52, 9.'9 
 
 5, 046, 452 
 
 6, 930, 293 
 6, 901, 7.56 
 4,486,316 
 
 3, 040, 989 
 2, 370, G81 
 
 4, 317, 0C.6 
 2, 779, 621 
 2, 409, 192 
 1,792,076 
 1, 434, 947 
 
 951,615 
 2,018,460 
 
 1, 008, 857 
 5.'>3, 489 
 
 2, 378, 429 
 810, 324 
 
 1, 017, 893 
 
 1, 309, 12S 
 
 1, 2.59, 082 
 
 779, 0.56 
 
 772, 078 
 
 63, 432 
 
 529, 125 
 
 80, 235 
 
 834, 965 
 
 39, 287, 623 
 
 181, 970, 664 
 
 Invested in 
 U. S. bonds. 
 
 $227, 954 
 
 784, 737 
 
 321.310 
 
 634, 8-J5 
 
 700. 965 
 
 11,175 
 
 493, 976 
 
 435, .531 
 
 147, 207 
 
 218, 696 
 
 18,413 
 
 38, 237 
 
 265, 250 
 
 69,816 
 
 21,083 
 
 1,500 
 
 500 
 
 6,000 
 7,571 
 2,500 
 52,983 
 40,000 
 
 36, 907 
 
 47,755 
 100, 000 
 
 62,941 
 
 4, 753, 852 
 
 The remaining thirteen States and Ten'itories, not enumerated in 
 the above table, contain 05 ])rivate bankers, Avith an aggregate capital 
 of $527,670, and aggregate deposits of $3,909,750. Massachusetts has 
 only three private bankers, outside the city of lioston, with an aggre- 
 gate cai)ital of $64,107, ami aggregate deposits of 8618,206. Maryhand 
 has but two private bankers outside of the city of Baltimore. The 
 State of IVIaine has ten private bankers, North Carolina but four, New 
 Hampshire two, New Jersey four, Delaware and Vermont only one each, 
 and Arizona eleven. The average amount of caT)ital hehl by each of 
 these 65 private bankers is $8,511, and of deposits $63,060. 
 
 The f(»llowing table shows, b}'^ geographical divisions, the number of 
 private bankers in tlM"i United States, with the aggregate amount of 
 their capital, deposits, and investments in United States bonds, for the 
 six months ending May 31, 1882 : 
 
 Gcogriiphical divisions. 
 
 No. of 
 banks. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Deposits. 
 
 Iiivesti'd in 
 
 United Sui68 
 
 bonds. 
 
 New England Stales 
 
 Miildlo Sl,;iles 
 
 Sr>ni hern States 
 
 Western .Stales and TeiTitories 
 
 United States 
 
 104 
 
 1,014 
 
 203 
 
 1,080 
 
 $7, 130,106 
 
 02, 193,765 
 
 0, 309. 701 
 
 38, 552, 2.30 
 
 ♦9,417,712 
 113,079,792 
 
 19,981.042 
 153, 143, 614 
 
 $981. 371 
 
 0,204,610 
 
 227, 131 
 
 4, 457. 627 
 
 3,391 114,255,892 
 
 205,622,160 1 14,870,745
 
 160 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The table below is a recapitulation of the foregoing, showing by groups 
 the aggregates for the bankers in the sixteen j)rincipal cities, in the 
 thirty-three States and Territories having a private banking cnpital in 
 excess of $100,000, and in the thirteen remaining States and Territories, 
 for the last year : 
 
 KECAPITULATION. 
 
 principal cities - 
 
 Principal States and Territories . 
 Remaining States and Territories 
 
 United States 
 
 No. of 
 banks. 
 
 796 
 
 2,530 
 
 65 
 
 3,391 
 
 Capital. 
 
 $74, 440, 599 
 
 39, 287, 623 
 
 527, 670 
 
 Deposits. 
 
 $109,741,740 
 
 181,970,664 
 
 3, 909, 750 
 
 Invested in 
 
 United States 
 
 bonds. 
 
 114, 255, 892 
 
 295, 622, 160 
 
 $10, 016, 206 
 
 4, 753, 852 
 
 100, 687 
 
 14, 870, 745 
 
 SECURITY FOR CIRCULATINa NOTES. 
 
 During previous years there have been many changes in the classes 
 of United States bonds held by the national banks as security for their 
 circulation, owing to the payment or refunding or extension of the dif- 
 ferent issues of five and six per cent, bonds bearing interest at four and 
 one-half, four, three and one-half, and three per cent. During the pres- 
 ent year 259 millions of three and one-half per cent, bonds, held by 
 the banks, which were extended from five or six per cent, bonds in the 
 year 1881, have been changed into three per cent, bonds. The amount 
 of Unitea States bonds held by the Treasurer as security for the circu- 
 lating notes of the national banks on the first day of November, 1882, 
 is exhibited in the following table : 
 
 Class of bonds. 
 
 Authorizing act. 
 
 Eate of 
 interest. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Funded loan of 1881 (5's, interest ceased) 
 
 Funded loan of 1891 
 
 Funded loan of 1907 
 
 Loan of July and August continued 
 
 Loan of 18G3 continued (Si's) 
 
 Funded loan of 1 881 continued 
 
 Funded loan of July 12, 1882 
 
 Paciflo Railway bouds 
 
 Total. 
 
 July 14, 1870, and January 20, 1871. 
 .do, 
 
 Fcr cent. 
 
 .do 
 
 July 17 and August 5, 1861 
 
 Maich 3, 1863 
 
 July 14, 1870, and January 20, 1871. 
 
 July 12, 1882 
 
 Julyl, 1862, and July 2, 1864 
 
 $15, 000 
 
 33, 754, 650 
 
 104, 927, 500 
 
 749, 500 
 
 1, 351, 700 
 
 38, 505, 750 
 
 179, 675, 550 
 
 3, 526, 000 
 
 362, 505, 650 
 
 During the year 1871, and previous thereto, a large portion of the 
 bonds bore interest at the rate of six per cent., and until the year 1877 
 all of the bonds bore interest at either five or six per cent. The five 
 or six per cent, bonds, in the year 1881, entirely disappeared from the 
 list of these securities, with the exception of three and a half million 
 of Pacific sixes. 
 
 At the present time more than eleven per cent, of the amount, pledged 
 for circulation, consists of bonds bearing interest at three and a half per 
 cent, only, and nearly fifty per cent, of them bear interest at three per 
 cent., and the remainder, with the exception of three and one-half 
 millions of Pacifies, bear interest at the rate of four and four and a 
 half per cent.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 161 
 COUNTERFEIT AND UNSIGNED NATIONAL-BANK NOTES. 
 
 Section 5 of the act of June 30, 1S7G, provides — 
 
 That all United States officers, charged -witli the receipt or disbarsement of public 
 moneys, and all officers of national banks, shall stamp or write in plain letters the word 
 "counterfeit," "altered" or "worthless," upon all fraudulent notes issued in the form 
 of, and intended to circulate as money, wliich shall be presented at their place of 
 business, and if such officers shall wrongfully stamp any genuine note of t)ie United 
 States, or of the national banks, thoy shall, upon presentation, redeem such notes at 
 the face value thereof. 
 
 This section makes it the duty, not only of every officer of the United 
 States chargred with the receipt or disbursement of public moneys, but 
 also of all officers of the national banks, to stamp every fraudulent note 
 which shall be presented at their counters, in such a manner as shall 
 thereafter prevent its circulation. 
 
 There is no doubt that there has been great iiof^^lect on the part of 
 national bank officers to comply with this law. The number of coun- 
 terfeit national bank notes which have been issued is. very small iu pro- 
 portion to the number issued previous to the establishment of the na- 
 tional banking sj'stera, but the number in circulation has largely 
 increased during the last few years, probably owing to the fact that the 
 bank notes which are presented at the counters of the banks, and which 
 are known to be fraudulent, are not immediately stamped "counterfeit," 
 "altered," or "worthless," as required by law. If a genuine note is 
 WTongfully stamped, the officer thus stamping it can immediately ob- 
 tain a genuine note in exchange by forwarding the same to the Treas- 
 urer for redemption, so that there is no risk whatever on the part of 
 the officers of national banks, even if they should wrongfully stamp a 
 genuine note. 
 
 Section 5172 of the Eevised Statutes provides that national bank 
 notes shall express upon their face the promise of the association issu- 
 ing the same to pay on demand, attested by the signatures of the presi- 
 dent or vice-president and cashier, and section 5182 of the Eevised 
 Statutes provides, that after any association receiving circulating notes 
 has caused its promise to pay such notes on demand to be signed by the 
 president or vice-president and cashier thereof, in such manner as to 
 make them obligatory promissory notes, payable on demand at its place 
 of business, such association may issue and circulate the same as money. 
 
 There can be no doubt as to the meaning and intention of these sec- 
 tions. The law requires that national bank notes shall be signed by the 
 president or vice-])resident and cashier, before they are placed in circu- 
 lation, and every bank issuing notes, not thus signed by these officers, 
 subjects itself to a forfeiture of its charter. Notwithstanding this plain 
 provision of law, various banks have issued their notes with printed 
 signatures, and in some cases with litliograi)hic signatures, which are so 
 badly executed as to excite suspicion as to the genuineness of the notes. 
 The written signature of the officers of the bank are necessary as an 
 additional precaution against counterfeiting. The signature of at least 
 one bank officer is necessary as a check between this ofiice and the 
 issuing bank, for if the question of an overissue of notes should arise, 
 the signature of sucli officer would, without question, determine tba 
 genuineness of the note. 
 
 A bill is now pending in Congress, imposing a fine of twenty dollar* 
 for every circulating note issued by any national bank Mitiiout the 
 written signature thereon of at least one of its officers. 
 
 National bank notes, Avith new designs, are now being rapidlv issued 
 11 Ab
 
 162 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 to banks whose corporate existence hns been extended, and to other 
 rational baidcs whicli arc bein^' organized, and it is important that 
 these new notes shonkl not be issued unless si,i;ned l^y the officers in 
 accordance with law. The Comptroller respectl'ully rejjeats his pre- 
 vious recommendations for the x>assage of the act referred to, which 
 act should also impose a i)enalty upon an^- engraver or lithographer 
 who shall print the signature of bank officers upon such notes. 
 
 TAXATION. 
 
 In previous reports the repeal of the law imposing a tax upon bank 
 capital and deposits, and of the two-cent stamp tax on checks, has been 
 recommended as a measureof justice to the banks, and as a benefit to the 
 people, and to the manufacturing aiid commercial interests of the coun- 
 try. During the last session of Congress a bill including a provision 
 for repealing these taxes was passed by the House by a vote of 127 to 79. 
 The debate in the Senate, as well as some votes on preliminary ques- 
 tions, showed that if a vote u\Hm the bill had been reached it would 
 have become a law. The force of the reasons heretofore urged for the 
 repeal of these taxes is as great as ever. The revenue still continues in 
 excess of the amount required for the expenses of the government, in- 
 cluding interest on the public debt which is being rai>idly reduced 5 and 
 the taxes imposed upon banking capital by the government, State, and 
 municipal authorities are larger than during any i)revious year. The 
 Comptroller presents, herewith, a table which gives, for the year 1881, 
 the amount of the banking capital invested in national banks, and the 
 amount and rates of United States and State taxes paid by the national 
 banks in every State and i)riucipal city in the Union. 
 
 states and Territories. 
 
 !Jraine 
 
 New Kampsliire. 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Massachusetts .. 
 
 Boston 
 
 Hhode Island 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Now England States. 
 
 New Torlv 
 
 New York City . . 
 
 Albany 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Pliiladelpliia 
 
 Pittsburj;.!! 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Baltinioro 
 
 District of Columbia . 
 
 AVasliiuiitou 
 
 Middle States 
 
 Virginia ^. 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Georgia ^ 
 
 Florida 
 
 Capital. 
 
 $10, 394, 806 
 5, 835, 442 
 8, 073, 115 
 45, 340, 820 
 50, 862, 191 
 19, 008, 874 
 25, 539, 720 
 
 Amount of taxes. 
 
 United 
 
 States. 
 
 $129,324 
 73, 493 
 92, 045 
 601,953 
 883, 716 
 216, 910 
 325, 760 
 
 166,014,908 2,323,201 
 
 State. 
 
 $226, 648 
 98, 848 
 125,796 
 856. 031 
 903, 444 
 280, 812 
 419,701 
 
 2, 911, 280 
 
 Total. 
 
 $355, 972 
 172, 341 
 217, 841 
 1, 457, 984 
 1, 787, 160 
 497, 722 
 745, 461 
 
 Eatios to capital. 
 
 United 
 States. 
 
 Perct. 
 1.2 
 1.3 
 1.1 
 1.3 
 1.7 
 1.1 
 1.3 
 
 State. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Per ct 
 2.2 
 1.7 
 1.6 
 1.9 
 1.8 
 1.4 
 1.6 
 
 5, 234, 481 
 
 1.4 
 
 33, 037, 003 
 51, 045, 869 
 
 1, 800, 000 
 12, 913, 077 
 29, 305, 142 
 17, 358, 000 
 
 9, 850, 000 
 1,74.3,985 
 
 2, 396, 849 
 11, 136, 997 
 
 252, 000 
 1, 125, 000 
 
 605, 458 
 1, 697, C03 
 
 (i2, 851 
 239, 020 
 518,798 
 442, 913 
 176,312 
 .31, 820 
 
 43, 351 
 
 167, 350 
 
 5, 100 
 
 18, 193 
 
 573, 679 
 
 ■ 1, 757, 982 
 
 49, 058 
 
 229, 874 
 
 186,981 
 
 129, 308 
 
 78, 838 
 
 2,866 
 
 36, 256 
 
 175, 3.56 
 
 255 
 
 4,261 
 
 171,963,922 1 4,008,169 1 3,224,774 
 
 2, 978, 995 
 
 1, 750, 470 
 
 2, 501, 000 
 1,871,679 
 2, 250, 946 
 
 100, COO 
 
 66, 749 
 26, 262 
 35, 142 
 31, 748 
 33, 744 
 2f 535 
 
 59, 540 
 32, 560 
 34, 039 
 44, 607 
 38, 838 
 1,035 
 
 1, 179, 137 
 
 3, 454, 985 
 
 111.909 
 
 468, 894 
 
 705, 779 
 
 572, 281 
 
 2.55,150 
 
 34, 686 
 
 79, 607 
 
 342, 706 
 
 5, 355 
 
 22, 454 
 
 1.8 
 
 3.3 
 
 3.5 
 
 1.9 
 
 1.8 
 
 2.6 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.8 I 
 
 1.5 ] 
 
 2.0 I 
 
 1.6 : 
 
 7, 232, 043 
 
 126, 289 
 58. 822 
 69, 181 
 76, 355 
 72, 582 
 3,570 
 
 2.2 
 1.5 
 1.4 
 1.7 
 1.5 
 2.5 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 3.4 
 3.0 
 2.7 
 3.2 
 3.5 
 2.5 
 2.9 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.8 
 3.5 
 2.7 
 1.9 
 0.6 
 0.7 
 0.8 
 0.2 
 1.5 
 1.6 
 0.1 
 0.4 
 
 2.0 
 1.8 
 1.4 
 2.4 
 1.8 
 2.1 
 
 3.6 
 
 6.8 
 6.2 
 3.8 
 2.4 
 3.3 
 2.6 
 2.0 
 3.3 
 3.1 
 2.1 
 2.0 
 
 4.2 
 3.3 
 2.8 
 4.1 
 3.3 
 4.6 
 
 * The capifa J pf the bunks that reported St-ate, county, and municipal taxes on stock and i-eal estate 
 is $456,579,431.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 163 
 
 AlaV)ama 
 
 New Orleans 
 Texas 
 Arkansas 
 Kentucky 
 
 Louisville 
 Touuessee 
 
 Southern States 
 
 Obio 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Illinois 
 
 • Chiiago 
 
 Micliijian 
 
 Detroit 
 
 Wisronsin 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Saint Louis . . 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Nevada 
 
 California 
 
 San Francisco. 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Montana 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 Utah 
 
 "Washington 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 ■Western States and 
 Territories 
 
 United States . 
 
 li), ir.8,781 
 5, 732, 633 
 
 3, 700, 000 
 13, 025, 842 
 10,914,614 
 
 4, 2r)0, 000 
 7, 348, 556 
 2,114.208 
 2,419,721 
 
 650, 000 
 
 5, 999, ()45 
 5, 062, 546 
 
 '],5:H, l!-'4 
 
 2, 725, 000 
 
 925, 000 
 
 ■ 880,924 
 
 1, 185, 702 
 
 62, 500 
 
 1,780,788 
 
 1, ,500, 000 
 
 250, 000 
 
 554, 909 
 
 100, 000 
 
 225, 815 
 
 400, 000 
 
 200, 000 
 
 200, 000 
 
 205, 831 
 
 334,242 
 131, 973 
 
 57, 583 
 222, 220 
 234, 657 
 252, 349 
 126,613 
 
 52, 468 
 
 56, 3ns 
 29, 794 
 
 ]2:(, 009 
 95,716 
 
 31, 150 
 68, 120 
 20, 967 
 32,911 
 
 57, 329 
 992 
 
 32, 289 
 18, 661 
 10,985 
 10, 999 
 
 1,940 
 8, 590 
 8, 149 
 5, 573 
 . 3, 151 
 4,179 
 
 2, 033, 013 
 
 8, 902, 592 
 
 361, 143 
 
 104,151 
 
 57, 816 
 
 265, 197 
 
 196, 960 
 
 109, 763 
 
 131,511 
 
 37, 889 
 
 46, 777 
 
 15,604 
 
 114, 650 
 
 87, 298 I 
 
 31,822 
 
 70,245 
 
 24,208 i 
 
 22,2:19 ; 
 
 29, 139 
 
 1, 050 
 
 11, 264 
 
 103 
 
 4,250 
 
 16,013 
 
 3,047 
 
 5. 470 
 
 5,070 
 
 3,600 
 
 2,070 
 
 3,090 
 
 695, 385 
 
 236, 124 
 
 115,399 
 
 487,417 
 
 431, 617 
 
 362, 112 
 
 258, 124 
 
 90, 357 
 
 103,115 
 
 45, 398 
 
 237,719 
 
 183, 014 
 
 62, 978 
 
 138, 365 
 
 45, 175 
 
 55, 150 
 
 86, 468 
 
 2,042 
 
 43, 553 
 
 18, 764 
 
 15, 235 
 
 27, 012 
 
 4,987 
 
 14, 060 
 
 13,219 
 
 9,173 
 
 5,221 
 
 7,269 
 
 1.7 
 2.3 
 1.6 
 1.7 
 2.1 
 5.9 
 1.7 
 2.5 
 2.3 
 4.6 
 2.1 
 1.9 
 2.0 
 2.5 
 2.3 
 3.7 
 4.8 
 1.6 
 L8 
 1.2 
 4.4 
 2.0 
 1.9 
 3.8 
 2.0 
 2.8 
 L6 
 2.1 
 
 1, 761, 439 I 3, 794, 452 
 
 2.2 
 
 L9 
 
 L9 
 
 1.6 
 
 2.0 
 
 1. 
 
 2.6 
 
 L8 
 
 L8 
 
 2.0 
 
 2.4 
 
 2.0 
 
 1.8 
 
 2.3 
 
 2.7 
 
 2.8 
 
 2.5 
 
 2.9 
 
 L7 
 
 0.6 
 
 0.1 
 
 1.7 
 
 3.1 
 
 3.0 
 
 2.7 
 
 1.3 
 
 1.8 
 
 L4 
 
 2.1 
 
 L9 
 
 3.6 
 4.2 
 3.2 
 3.7 
 3.9 
 
 as 
 
 3.5 
 4.3 
 4.3 
 7.0 
 4.1 
 3.7 
 4.3 
 5.2 
 5.1 
 6.2 
 7.7 
 3.3 
 2.4 
 L3 
 6.1 
 5.1 
 4.9 
 6.5 
 3.3 
 4.6 
 3.0 
 4.2 
 
 4.1 
 
 8,286,488 , 17,189,080 
 
 1.9 
 
 1.8 
 
 3.7 
 
 Similar tables for the years 18G7 and I860, and for the years 187i to 
 1880, inclusive, may be found in tlie Appendix. 
 
 The following condensed table sbows for the years 1879, 1880, and 1881 
 the amount of these taxes paid by banks located in each geographical 
 division of the country : 
 
 1879. 
 
 Geographical divisions. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 New England States $165, 032, 512 
 
 MiddleStates j 170,431,205 
 
 Sout horn States 30, 5.55, 018 
 
 Western States and Terr's. 90,949,709 
 
 Amount of taxes. 
 
 United 
 States. 
 
 $1, 942, 209 
 
 3, 190. 113 
 
 425, 997 
 
 1, 457, 812 
 
 State. 
 
 Total. 
 
 $2, .532, 004 
 
 2, 930, 269 
 
 383, 927 
 
 1, 751, 032 
 
 $4, 474, 213 
 
 6, 126, 382 
 
 809, 924 
 
 3, 208, 844 
 
 Katios to capital. 
 
 United 
 States. 
 
 1.2 
 1.9 
 1.4 
 1.6 
 
 State. 
 
 1.5 
 1.7 
 1.3 
 2.0 
 
 United States I 456, 908, 504 
 
 7, 016, 131 
 
 7, 003, 232 
 
 14, 619, 303 
 
 1.5 
 
 1.7 
 
 Total. 
 
 2.7 
 3.6 
 2.7 
 3.6 
 
 3.2
 
 164 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 1880. 
 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Amount of taxes. 
 
 Ratios of capital. 
 
 Geographical divisiona. 
 
 United 
 States. 
 
 State. 
 
 Total. 
 
 United 
 States. 
 
 State. 
 
 Total. 
 
 New EnRland States 
 
 Middle Stat<-8 
 
 Southern St.Ttcs 
 
 "Western States and Terr's. 
 
 .■flCo. 080, 2.-)0 
 170, 781, 946 
 30, 829, 178 
 89, 975, 165 
 
 $2, 190, 921 
 
 3, 697, 245 
 
 479, 613 
 
 1,750,324 
 
 .$2, 886, 916 
 
 2, 927, 948 
 
 403, 092 
 
 1, 658, 866 
 
 15, 077, 837 
 
 6. 625, 193 
 
 882, 705 
 
 3, 409, 190 
 
 1.3 
 2.2 
 1.6 
 1.9 
 
 1.8 
 1.8 
 L4 
 2.0 
 
 3.1 
 4.0 
 3.0 
 ,3.9 
 
 United States 
 
 457, 266, 545 
 
 8, lie, 103 
 
 7, 876, 822 
 
 15, 994, 925 
 
 1.8 
 
 1. 8 j 3. 
 
 1881. 
 
 New England States 
 
 Middle States 
 
 $166, 014, 968 
 
 171, 963. 922 
 
 31, 258, 422 
 
 93, 104, 289 
 
 $2, 323, 201 
 
 4, 008, 169 
 
 538, 209 
 
 2, 033, 013 
 
 $2, 911, 280 
 3 '''^4 774 
 
 $5, 234, 481 
 
 1 O-iD O^'l 
 
 1.4 
 2.3 
 1.7 
 2.2 
 
 1.8 
 1.9 
 1.3 
 1.9 
 
 3.2 
 4 "^ 
 
 
 '388,' 995 1 ''927,' 204 
 1,761,439 1 3,794,452 
 
 'i 
 
 Western States and Terr's. 
 
 4.1 
 
 United States 
 
 462, 341, 601 
 
 8, 902, 592 
 
 8, 286, 488 
 
 17, 189, 080 
 
 1.9 
 
 1.8 
 
 3.7 
 
 It will be seen that the per centage of State taxation during the year 
 1881 varies from 1.3 per cent, in the Southern States to 1.9 per cent, in 
 the Middle and Western States, and that the average percentage 
 throughout the United States remains the same as it was during the 
 year 1880, but has increased one-tenth of one per cent, as compared with 
 that paid during the year 1879. The total of United States and State 
 taxes paid by national banks to capital is 3.7 per cent, duriug the year 
 1881, having increased one-tenth of one per cent, over those paid in 
 1880, and one-half of one per cent, over those paid duriug the year 1879. 
 
 The rates of United States taxation are the same in all sections of 
 the country. The inequality in the percentages of United States taxes 
 to capital arises from the fact that whilfe the United States tax is im- 
 posed on the three items of capital, deposits, and circulation, the per- 
 centages given in the tables are those of the total tax derived from 
 these three sources to capital only. Where the deposits are large 
 in proportion to capital, the proportion of the United States tax, as 
 measured by capital, appears greater. The first table given below 
 shows the percentages to capital of taxation paid by the banks in the 
 principal cities of the country. Particular attention is called to the 
 inequality in State taxation shown by it. The second table gives the 
 States in which the taxes, United States and State, are most excessive. 
 
 Cities. 
 
 1879. 
 
 United 
 
 States. 
 
 State. 
 
 TotaL 
 
 1880. 
 
 United 
 States. 
 
 State. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1881. 
 
 IS^. St-t- Total. 
 
 Boston 
 
 New York... 
 
 Albany 
 
 Philadelphia 
 Pittsburgh.. 
 Baltimore . . . 
 Washington. 
 New Orleans 
 Louisville — 
 Cincinnati... 
 Cleveland . . . 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Detroit 
 
 Milwaukee.., 
 Saint Louis.. 
 Saint Paul... 
 
 Perct 
 L3 
 2.6 
 2.9 
 2.1 
 L4 
 1.2 
 1.4 
 1.7 
 1.5 
 1.9 
 1.3 
 3.4 
 1.8 
 2.8 
 1.8 
 1.5 
 
 Per ct. 
 1.3 
 2.9 
 2.5 
 0.7 
 0.6 
 1.3 
 0.4 
 0.5 
 0.6 
 2.4 
 2.0 
 2.4 
 2.2 
 2.5 
 2.1 
 1.5 
 
 Per ct. 
 2.6 
 5.5 
 5.4 
 2.8 
 2.0 
 2.5 
 1.8 
 2.2 
 2.1 
 4.3 
 3.3 
 5.8 
 4.0 
 5.3 
 3.9 
 3.0 
 
 Per ct. 
 1.6 
 3.1 
 3.1 
 2.4 
 • 1.7 
 1.4 
 1.5 
 2.0 
 1.7 
 2.3 
 1.4 
 4.8 
 2.2 
 4.0 
 2.4 
 L7 
 
 Per ct. 
 1.9 
 2.9 
 3.2 
 0.7 
 0.7 
 1.5 
 0.4 
 0.2 
 0.6 
 2.3 
 1.6 
 2.5 
 1.7 
 3.0 
 2.5 
 1.8 
 
 Per c 
 3. 
 
 Perct 
 1.7 
 3.3 
 3.5 
 2.6 
 1.8 
 1.5 
 1.6 
 2.4 
 1.7 
 2.3 
 1.6 
 5.9 
 2.5 
 4.6 
 2.5 
 L4 
 
 Peret. 
 
 1.8 
 3.5 
 2.7 
 0.7 
 0.8 
 1.6 
 0.4 
 0.3 
 0.8 
 1.9 
 1.6 
 2,6 
 1.8 
 2.4 
 2.7 
 2.1 
 
 Per 
 
 ct 
 3.5 
 6.8 
 6.2 
 3.3 
 2.6 
 3.1 
 2.0 
 2.7 
 2.5 
 4.2 
 3.2 
 8.5 
 4.3 
 7.0 
 5.2 
 3.5
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 165 
 
 
 1879. 
 
 18S0. 
 
 1881. 
 
 States. 
 
 United 
 States. 
 
 State. 
 
 TotaL 
 
 United 
 States. 
 
 State. 
 
 TotaL 
 
 United 
 States. 
 
 State. 
 
 Total. 
 
 New York ...........i..... 
 
 Per ct. 
 1.5 
 1.5 
 1.4 
 1.4 
 1.5 
 1.C 
 2.1 
 2.6 
 1.2 
 1.7 
 
 Perct 
 2.0 
 1.8 
 2.0 
 2.1 
 1.8 
 1.8 
 2.7 
 2.6 
 2.0 
 1.8 
 
 Peret 
 3.5 
 3.3 
 3.4 
 3.5 
 3.3 
 3.4 
 4.8 
 5.2 
 3.2 
 3.5 
 
 Peret 
 1.7 
 1.7 
 1.6 
 1.6 
 1.9 
 2.0 
 2.3 
 3.3 
 1.4 
 
 Perct, 
 1 9 
 
 Per ct. 
 a fi 
 
 Per ct. 
 1.8 
 1.9 
 1.7 
 1.7 
 2.1 
 
 Per ct. 
 1.8 
 1.9 
 1.9 
 2.0 
 
 1 R 
 
 Perct. 
 3 6 
 
 
 1. 9 3. 6 
 1. 9 3. 5 
 2.2 3.8 
 1. 8 3. 7 
 
 1. 9 3. 9 
 
 2. 2 4. 5 
 2. 5 ! 5. 8 
 ■> .■> .^ 9 
 
 3.8 
 
 Ohio 
 
 3.6 
 
 Indiana 
 
 3.7 
 
 lUinoia 
 
 3.9 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 2. 3 2. 
 
 4.3 
 
 
 2.3 
 3.7 
 1.7 
 2.0 
 
 2.8 
 2.5 
 2.4 
 2.1 
 
 5.1 
 
 
 6.2 
 
 
 4.1 
 
 
 1.9 2.7 1 4 B 
 
 4.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The uniforni rates of United States taxes are annually one per cent, 
 upon their notes in circulation; one-half of one per cent, upon their de- 
 posits, and the same rate upon the average amount of their capital, in 
 excess of that invested by them in United States bonds. These taxes 
 are paid semi-annually by the national banks to the Treasurer of the 
 United States, and subject the government to no expense for their col- 
 lection. 
 
 The whole cost of the national banking system to the government, 
 from the date of its establishment in 1863, has been $5,306,908; on the 
 other hand, the government has, in about twenty years, collected taxes 
 upon the capital, circulation, and deposits of national banks at the rates 
 heretofore specified, amounting, as may be seen by the following table, 
 to $118,005,706.25 : 
 
 Years. 
 
 On circulation. On deposits. 
 
 On capital. 
 
 TotaL 
 
 1864. 
 1865. 
 186G. 
 1867. 
 1808. 
 lsC9. 
 1870. 
 1871. 
 1872. 
 1873. 
 1874. 
 1875. 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 1878. 
 1879. 
 1880. 
 1881. 
 1882. 
 
 $53, 
 733, 
 2, 106, 
 2, 8C8, 
 '-', 946, 
 2, 957, 
 2,949, 
 
 2, 987, 
 3, 193, 
 
 3, 353, 
 3, 404, 
 3, 283, 
 3, 091, 
 2, 901), 
 
 2, 948. 
 
 3, 009, 
 3,153, 
 3, 121, 
 3, 190, 
 
 193 32 
 247 59 
 785 30 
 636 78 
 343 07 
 416 73 
 744 13 
 021 69 
 570 03 
 186 13 
 483 11 
 450 89 
 795 70 
 957 53 
 047 08 
 047 16 
 G35 63 
 374 33 
 981 98 
 
 $95, 
 
 1, 087, 
 
 2, 633, 
 2, 650, 
 2,564, 
 2, 614, 
 
 2, 614, 
 2, 802, 
 3. 120, 
 3, 190, 
 3, 209, 
 
 3, 514, 
 3, 505, 
 3,451, 
 3, 273, 
 
 3, 309, 
 
 4, 058, 
 
 4, 940, 
 
 5, 521, 
 
 911 87 ' 
 530 86 ' 
 102 77 I 
 180 09 I 
 143 44 i 
 553 58 ; 
 767 61 I 
 840 85 
 984 37 
 569 29 { 
 967 72 ■ 
 265 39 
 129 04 
 965 38 • 
 111 74 
 608 90 
 710 61 
 945 12 ' 
 927 47 
 
 $18, 432 07 
 133,251 15 
 400, 947 74 
 321,881 36 
 306, 781 67 
 312, 918 68 
 375, 962 26 
 385,292 13 
 389, 356 27 
 454,691 51 
 4G9, 048 02 
 507, 417 76 
 632. 296 16 
 660, 784 90 
 .100, 296 83 
 401,920 61 
 379,424 19 
 431,233 10 
 437, 774 90 
 
 $167, 
 1,954, 
 5, 146, 
 5,840, 
 5, 817, 
 6,884, 
 5,940, 
 6. 175, 
 6, 703, 
 7, 004, 
 7,083, 
 7, 305, 
 7, 229. 
 7,013, 
 6,781, 
 
 6, 721, 
 
 7, 591, 
 8. 493, 
 9, 150. 
 
 537 26 
 029 60 
 835 81 
 698 23 
 268 18 
 888 99 
 474 00 
 154 67 
 910 67 
 646 93 
 498 85 
 13i 04 
 221 66 
 707 81 
 455 65 
 236 67 
 770 43 
 552 55 
 684 35 
 
 Aggregates ] 52, 253, 518 24 j 58,106,276 70 7,585,91131 118,005,706 25 
 
 The tax imposed upon banks other than national is collected by the 
 Commissioner of Internal Revenue. The rates upon capital and de- 
 posits are the same as in the ca.se of the national bank.s. A tax of 
 ten per cent, is imposed, under section 3411' of the Ilevised Statutes, 
 on the use, in i)ayments, of notes issued by any banks other than 
 national. This tax has the viYcct of preventing the issue of circulating 
 notes by State banks. The table below gives the taxes collected annually 
 by the Commissioner of Internal Keveuue during the years from 1864 to
 
 166 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 1883, inclusive, showing? the wliole amount paid dnring that period by 
 banks, other than national, to have been $00,793,030. 
 
 Tears. 
 
 On circulation. 
 
 On deposits. 
 
 On capital. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 1864 
 
 $2, 0,50, 996 30 
 
 1, 993, 601 84 
 
 990,278 11 
 
 214, 298 75 
 
 28, 609 88 
 
 10, 505 05 
 
 15,419 94 
 
 22, 781 92 
 
 8,919 82 
 
 24, 778 62 
 
 16, 738 20 
 
 22, 746 27 
 
 17, 947 67 
 
 5,430 10 
 
 1, 118 72 
 
 13, 903 29 
 
 28, 773 37 
 
 4, 295 08 
 
 4, 285 77 
 
 $780, 723 52 
 2,043,841 08 
 2, 099, 635 83 
 
 1, 355, 395 98 
 1, 438, 512 77 
 1,734,417 03 
 2, 177, 570 40 
 
 2, 702, 190 84 
 
 3, 043, 2.51 71 
 3, 009, 302 79 
 
 3, 4.53, 544 26 
 2, 972, 260 27 
 2, 999, 530 75 
 2, 896, 037 93 
 2, 593, 687 29 
 2, 354, 911 74 
 2, 510, 775 43 
 2, 946, 906 64 
 
 4, 096, 102 45 
 
 
 $2, 837, 719 82 
 4, 940, 870 90 
 3,403 988 05 
 
 1805 
 
 $903, 307 98 
 374,074 11 
 470, 807 73 
 399, 502 90 
 44.5, 071 49 
 827,087 21 
 919, 202 77 
 976, 0.57 01 
 730, 9.50 05 
 910,878 15 
 
 1,102,241 .58 
 989,219 61 
 927, 001 24 
 897, 225 84 
 830, 008 56 
 811, 430 48 
 811,000 35 
 
 1,153,070 25 
 
 1806 
 
 1807 
 
 2 040 .562 40 
 
 1808 
 
 1, 806, 745 55 
 
 1869 
 
 2,190,054 17 
 
 1870 
 
 3, 020, 083 01 
 3, 044, 241 53 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 4,028,229 14 
 
 1873 
 
 3,771,031 40 
 
 1874 
 
 3, 387, 100 07 
 
 1875 
 
 4,097.248 12 
 
 1876 
 
 4, 000, 098 03 
 
 1877 
 
 3, 829, 729 33 
 
 1878 
 
 3, 492, 031 85 
 
 1879 
 
 3, 198, 883 59 
 
 
 3, 350, 985 28 
 
 1881 
 
 3, 702, 208 07 
 
 1882 
 
 5, 253, 458 47 
 
 
 
 
 5, 487, 608 82 
 
 46,809,211 37 
 
 14, 497, 109 91 
 
 00, 793, 930 10 
 
 
 
 The following- table exhibits the taxes, both national and State, paid 
 by the national banks during each of the sixteen years preceding 1882, 
 and the i)roportion of such taxes to capital. 
 
 Years. 
 
 Capital stock. 
 
 • 
 
 Amount of taxes. 
 
 Eatio of tax to capital. 
 
 United States. 
 
 State. 
 
 Total. 
 
 United 
 States. 
 
 State. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1866 
 
 1867 
 
 1868 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 . $410, 593, 435 
 422, 804, 606 
 420, 143, 401 
 419,619,860 
 429, 314, 041 
 451, 994, 133 
 472, 956, 9.58 
 488, 778, 418 
 493, 751, 079 
 503, 087, 911 
 501, 788, 079 
 485, 250, 094 
 471, 064, 238 
 450, 908, 504 
 457, 200, 545 
 402, 341, 001 
 
 $7, 949, 451 
 9, 525, 607 
 9, 465, 052 
 10, 081, 244 
 10, 190, 682 
 10, 649, 895 
 
 6, 703, 910 
 
 7, 004, 040 
 7, 256, 083 
 7, 317, 531 
 7, 076, 087 
 6, 902, 573 
 
 6, 727, 232 
 
 7, 016, 131 
 8, 118, 103 
 
 8, 902, 592 
 
 $8, 009, 938 
 8, 813, 127 
 8, 757, 050 
 7, 297, 090 
 7, 40.5, 075 
 
 7, 860, 078 
 
 8. 343, 772 
 
 8. 499, 748 
 
 9, 620, 320 
 10,058,122 
 
 9, 701, 732 
 8, 829, 304 
 8, 050, 533 
 7, 003, 232 
 
 7, 870, 822 
 
 8, 280, 488 
 
 $16,019,389 
 18, 338, 734 
 18, 223, 308 
 17, 378, 340 
 
 17, 656, 357 
 
 18, 509, 973 
 15, 047, 082 
 
 15, 504, 394 
 
 16, 876, 409 
 
 17, 375, 6.53 
 16,777,819 
 15,731,877 
 14, 783, 765 
 
 14, 619, 363 
 
 15, 994, 925 
 17, 189, 080 
 
 Perct. 
 1.9 
 2.2 
 
 2.2 
 2.4 
 2.4 
 2.4 
 1.4 
 1.4 
 1.5 
 1.5 
 1.4 
 1.4 
 1.4 
 1.5 
 1.8 
 1.9 
 
 Per ct. 
 2.0 
 2.1 
 2.1 
 1.7 
 1.7 
 1.7 
 1.8 
 1.8 
 2.0 
 2.0 
 2.0 
 1.9 
 1.7 
 1.7 
 1.8 
 1.8 
 
 Per ct. 
 3.9 
 4.3 
 4.3 
 4.1 
 4.1 
 4.1 
 3.2 
 3.2 
 3.5 
 3.5 
 3.4 
 3.3 
 3.1 
 3.2 
 3.0 
 3.7 
 
 This table shows that the percentages to capital of taxes have never 
 been less than three per cent, annually, and that during the last four 
 years given there has been an increase in the rate from 3.1 per cent, to 
 3.7 per cent. It is probable that the rates of State taxation ])aid by 
 banks, other than national, do not vary much from the rate of those 
 l^aid by the national banks, although in many of the States, the laws 
 relative to the assessment of taxes upon bank capital have, heretofore, 
 somewhat discriminated against national banks. The repeal of the law 
 imposing the government taxes will still leave the banks subject to a 
 burden of taxation by the difterent States mnch greater than that im- 
 posed by them upon any other kind of capital, and this repeal is again 
 urgently recommended. The reduction of the annual rate of the tax 
 on circulation to one-half of one per cent, is also recommended for reasons 
 given in another i)ortion of this rex)ort.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 167 
 DECISIONS RELATIVE TO STATE TAXATION OF NATIONAL BANK SHARES. 
 
 In the last annual report of the Comptroller of the Currency refer- 
 ence was made to the decision of the United States circuit court of the 
 northern district of the State of Xew York, in the case of the National 
 Albany Exchange Bank vs. Charles A. Hills et «?., supervisors of Albany 
 County, is"ew York, namely, that the law of the State of Xew York under 
 which taxes had been assessed for fourteen years upon bank sliares was 
 void and invalid, for the reason that this act did not permit the owners of 
 national bank shares to reduce the assessment by the amount of their 
 debts, while owners of oth(^r moneyed capital possessed that privileo^e. 
 The circuit court rendered a judgment in favor of Stanley, the as- 
 signee and representative of the stockholders of the National Albany 
 Exchange Bank, for taxes previously exacted and paid. Tlie supervis- 
 ors appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. The decision 
 of the latter court was rendered April 3, 1S82, and reversed the decision 
 of the circuit court in the case of all except one of the stockholders 
 represented by Stanley. 
 
 The court said: 
 
 The question liere to be decided arises under two statutes of the State of New York 
 in regard to taxation. The lirst of these is the act of ld.")0, relating to the assessment 
 and collection of taxes in the city of Albany. The sixth section of the act requires 
 the board of assessors to prepare an assessment roll, in ■which there shall b« set oppo- 
 site the name of each tax-payer (1) all his real csrate liable to taxation, and its value; 
 (2) the full value of all his personal property, alter deducting the Just debts owing by 
 him. Section 1) of the act is as follows: "If anj' person shall at any time before the 
 assessors shall have completed their assessments make affidavit that the value of his 
 real estate does not exceed a certain sum, to be specitied in such affidavit, or that the 
 value of the personal estate owned by him, after deducting his just debts and his 
 property invested in the stock of any corporation or association liable to be taxed 
 therefor, does not exceed a certain sum, to be specified in the affidavit, it shall be the 
 tluty of the boai<l of assessors to value such real or personal estate, or both, as the 
 case may be, at the 8um specified in such affidavit, and no more." 
 
 In 13(30 the .State enacted a law concerning the taxation of bank shares, which was 
 evidently inteiule<l to meet the requirements of the act of Congress in relation to 
 State taxation of the shares of national lianks, and the ])rovisiou of this statute 
 relates only to taxing stockholders in banks, and to the capital invested in individual 
 banks. The first section of this act reads as follows, and it contains no other i»ro- 
 visions fen- deductions as the basis of taxation, exce])t what is found in this section : 
 
 "No tax shall hereafter be assessed upon the capital of any bank or banking associa- 
 tion organized under the authority of this State or of the United States, but the 
 stockholders in such lianks :ind banking associations shall be assessed and taxed ou 
 the value of their shares of stock therein," &c. 
 
 In the ease of People v. Didan {'.Mj N. Y., 50) the question was whether, taking tlie 
 two statutes together, an owner of sliares of stock was entitled to deduct from the 
 assessed value of his shares the just debts due him. * * * The court of .apjieals 
 decided that no such deduction sh<mld be made under the law of ltO»!. In the eas-o 
 of Williams V Weaver, Williams had made the affidavit re(]uired by section 1) of f ho 
 act of 1"^50, and demanded a deduction of the assessors, which they refused. The 
 case was taken to the court of apj)eals, which reallhiiied the j)rinciplivs held in 
 the case of Peojile /'. ]J(dan. The Williams case ctmiing to tlie United Slates Siijiremo 
 Court by writ of error, it was held that while we are bound to accejit the decision of 
 the highest court of the State in construction of its oAvn statute, the act of 18(5(5 as 
 thus construed was in that particular in conllict with the act of Congress, because it 
 did tax shares of the nationtil hanks at a higher rate than other moneyed ca]iital in 
 the State. * * » Acceptiiiij;. therefore, as we must, theaetof l.-^Cit"), aseon>frued by the 
 court of appeals of New York, as not authori/ing any deduct ion for debts by a share- 
 holder of a national Ijank, is it till- that reason ahsoluiely void / • ♦ » li would 
 seem that if the act remains a valid rule of assessment for shares of State banks and 
 for individual bankers, it should al.so remain the rulefor shareholders of national banks 
 who have no debts to deduct. » • » 
 
 None of the stockholders except Williams made the allidavit required 
 by the act of 1850, showing they had debts to deduct, and therefore in
 
 168 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 their c;irc the judgmejit of the circuit court was reversed, and iu that of 
 Williams aflirnied. 
 
 This (hicisioii scouis to cut off all remedy for taxes already i)aid by 
 stockholders of Albany national banks who nef;lected to make the alii- 
 davit required uiuler the act of 1850. 
 
 In People v. AVeaver the Su])reme Court pointed out that the method 
 to pursue in cases where the taxation by State authority of shares of 
 national banks was greater than that of other monied capital in the 
 same State, was by enjoining the collection of the excessive taxa- 
 tion. In the case of National Albany Exchange Bank v. Hills, the 
 bank brought, on behalf of its stockholders, a suit to enjoin the collec- 
 tion for taxes assessed but unpaid for the year 1879, and the circuit 
 court of the northern district of Xew York granted a perpetual injunc- 
 tion. The Supreme Court decided that the injunction was properly 
 granted as to one stockholder, who made affidavit and demand on ac- 
 count of deduction of his debts, but not as to the others, who had made 
 no such afi&davit or demand, but in the case of the latter the lower court 
 was directed to x)erniit them to bring their action in an amended form, 
 on the ground that they refrained from making affidavit and demand, 
 because they knew it would have no efiect. 
 
 In the case of German ojTatioual Bank of Chicago v. Kimball, appealed 
 to the United States Supreme Court from circuit court for the north- 
 ern district of Illinois, it was decided that no one can be permitted to 
 go into a court of equity to enjoin the collection of a tax, until he has 
 shown himself entitled to the aid of the court b^' paying so much of the 
 tax assessed against him as it can be plainly seen he ought to pay, nor 
 should he be i)ermitted, because his tax is in excess of what is just and 
 lawful, to screen himself from paying any tax at all, until the precise 
 amount which he ought to pay^ is ascertained by a court of equity. 
 
 In the case of Evansville ^National Bank v. Brit ton, referred to 
 last year, as decided in the United States circuit court for the district 
 of Indiana, the Supreme Court affirms the decree of the lower court, 
 perpetually enjoining the collector as to those shareholders who at the 
 time of the assessment proved that they owed debts which should right- 
 fully be deducted, and dismissing the bill as to other shareholders. 
 
 All of these decisions appear to have grown out of matters pending 
 when the decision of the United States Supreme Court in the case of 
 People V. Weaver was rendered. It is probable that in most States the 
 legislatures will so modify their laws taxing bank shares as hereafter 
 to conform vdth the principles laid down in that decision; but these 
 supplementary decisions are valuable in that they point out a mode 
 of action in all cases where discrimination in any form is made in 
 assessing or collecting taxes on national bank shares. The party ag- 
 grieved must clearly- state the amount of the excessive taxation, pay 
 what is justly due, and enjoin the collection of the remainder. In stat- 
 ing the amount believed to be unjustly demanded, strict regard must be 
 had to the forms required by the State laws in force in the place where 
 the bank in located. While the Supreme Court of the United States is 
 extremely careful not unnecessarily to interfere with the effect of State 
 legislation in the taxation of national bank shares, it upholds the rights 
 of individuals under Federal laws when actions based on equitable 
 grounds are brought in a proper manner. 
 
 In Xew York City it is claimed that under the act now in force in the 
 State, taxing national and other bank shares, which permits the deduc- 
 tion of debts, there is still great discrimination iu the valuation of bank 
 shares as compared with the valuation of other personal property and 
 real estate.
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 169 
 
 DIVIDENDS. 
 
 From the serai-annual returns made to tliis office under section 5212 
 of the Eeviscd Statutes of the United States, the following table has 
 been prepared, showing the dividends and total earnings, and the ratio 
 of each to capital and combined capital and surplus, for each semi-annual 
 period from September 1, 1SG9, the close of the period for which these 
 reports were first received, to September 1, 1882. 
 
 Period of 
 
 six nioutba, 
 
 endiug— 
 
 Sept 1, 1869 
 Mar. 1, 1870 
 Sept, 1, 1870 
 Mar. 1, 1871 
 Sept 1, 1871 
 Mar. 1,1872 
 Sept. 1, 1872 
 Mar. 1, 1873 
 Sept. 1,1873 
 Mar. 1, 1874 
 Sept. 1, 1874 
 Mar. 1, 1875 
 Sept 1, 1875 
 Mar. 1, 1876 
 Sept 1, 1876 
 Mar. 1, 1877 
 Sept 1, 1877 
 Mar. 1, 1878 
 Sept 1, 1878 
 Mar. 1,1879 
 Sept 1, 1879 
 Mar. 1, 1880 
 Sept 1, 1880 
 Mar. 1, 1881 
 Sept 1. 1881 
 Mar. 1, 1882 
 Sept 1, 1882 
 
 No. of 
 
 banks. 
 
 1,481 
 1,571 
 1,601 
 1,605 
 1,C93 
 1,750 
 1,852 
 1,912 
 1,955 
 1,967 
 1,971 
 2,007 
 2,047 
 2,076 
 2,081 
 2, 080 
 2,072 
 2,074 
 2,047 
 2,043 
 2,045 
 2,046 
 2,072 
 2,087 
 2,100 
 2,137 
 2,197 
 
 Capital. 
 
 $401, 
 416, 
 425, 
 428, 
 445, 
 450, 
 405, 
 475, 
 488, 
 489, 
 489, 
 493, 
 497, 
 504, 
 500. 
 496, 
 486, 
 475, 
 470, 
 464, 
 455, 
 454, 
 454, 
 456, 
 458, 
 400, 
 473, 
 
 Suri)lus. 
 
 Total tlivi- 
 dcnds. 
 
 650, 802 
 366, 991 
 317, 104 
 699, 165 
 999, 2G4 
 693,706 I 
 676,0'i3 : 
 918,683 ' 
 100,951 ! 
 510,323 
 938,284 
 568,831 ! 
 864,833 i 
 209,491 i 
 482,271 I 
 
 651, 580 
 324,860 
 609,751 
 231,896 
 413,996 ! 
 132,056 ' 
 080,090 i 
 215,062 
 844, 805 I 
 934,485 I 
 354, 485 ; 
 947,715 
 
 $82, 105, 848 
 86, 118, 210 
 91, 630, 620 
 94, 672, 401 
 
 98, 280, 591 
 
 99, 431, 243 
 105, 181, 942 
 114, 257, 288 
 118,113,848 
 123, 469, 859 
 128, 364, 039 
 131,560,637 
 134, 123, 649 
 134, 467, 595 
 
 132, 2,^)1, 078 
 130, 872, 165 
 124, 349, 254 
 122, 373. 561 
 118, 687, 134 
 lie, 744, 135 
 115, 149, 351 
 117,226,501 
 120,145,649 
 122,481,788 
 127, 238, 394 
 131,291,8^9 
 
 133, 570, 931 
 
 ?21, 767, 831 
 21, 479, 095 
 
 21, 080, 343 
 
 22, 205, 150 
 22 125 279 
 22! 859| 826 
 
 23, 827, 289 
 24, 826, 061 
 24, 823, 029 
 
 23, 529, 998 
 
 24, 929, 307 
 24, 750, 816 
 24, 317, 785 
 24, 811, 581 
 22, 563, 829 
 31, 803, 969 
 22, 117, 116 
 18, 982, 390 
 17, 959, 223 
 
 17, 541, 054 
 17, 401, 867 
 18, 121, 273 
 
 18, 290, 200 
 
 18, 877, 517 
 19, 499, 0<»4 
 
 19, 91. '5,375 
 
 20, 876, 553 
 
 Total net 
 earnings. 
 
 $29, 221, 184 
 
 28, 996, 934 
 
 26, 813, 885 
 27. 243, 162 
 27, 315, 311 
 
 27, 502, 539 
 30, 572, 891 
 31, 926, 478 
 33, 122, 000 
 
 29, 544, 120 
 30,036,811 
 29, 136, 007 
 
 28, 800, 217 
 
 23, 097, 921 
 20, 540, 231 
 19, 592, 962 
 15, 274, 028 
 10, 9-16, 696 
 
 13, 058, 893 
 
 14, 678, 660 
 I 16,873,200 
 
 21, 152, 784 
 
 24, 033, 2.50 
 24, 452, 021 
 29, 170, 816 
 27, 083, 599 
 26, 237, 035 
 
 Divi Dividends Earnings 
 aJZaJ'4-J to capital . to capital 
 
 canl^ *"'l'*"'- "idsux. 
 capital. pj^^ pi^g 
 
 Per cent. 
 5.42 
 5.16 
 4.96 
 5.18 
 4.90 
 5.07 
 .5.12 
 5. 22 
 5! 09 
 4.81 
 .5.09 
 5.01 
 4.88 
 4.92 
 4.50 
 4.39 
 4.54 
 3.99 
 3.81 
 3.78 
 3.82 
 3.99 
 4.03 
 4.13 
 4.25 
 4.33 
 4.40 
 
 Percent. 
 4.50 
 4.27 
 4.08 
 4.24 
 4.07 
 4.16 
 4.17 
 4.21 
 4.09 
 3.84 
 4.03 
 3.96 
 3.85 
 3.88 
 3.57 
 3.47 
 3.62 
 3.17 
 3.04 
 3.02 
 3.05 
 3.17 
 3.18 
 3.26 
 3.33 
 3.37 
 3.44 
 
 Percent 
 S.04 
 5.77 
 5.19 
 5.21 
 5.02 
 5.00 
 5.36 
 5.41 
 5.46 
 4.82 
 4.86 
 4.66 
 4.56 
 3 62 
 3.25 
 3.12 
 2.50 
 2.83 
 2.31 
 2.53 
 2.96 
 3.70 
 4.18 
 4.22 
 4.98 
 4.5« 
 4.32 
 
 In the following table is given, by geographical divisions, the number 
 of national banks, with their capital, which paid no dividends to their stock- 
 holders during the two semi-annual periods eudiug starch and Septem- 
 ber 1, 1882; to wliich has been added tlie total number of banks, with 
 their caj^ital, similarly passing dividends during the semi-annual periods 
 of each of the four preceding years, with the average for each year and 
 the average for the whole period of five years. 
 
 Gcograpbical divisions. 
 
 New Encland States 
 
 Middle Slaten ,. 
 
 SoutiitTu Slat«8 
 
 Western States and Territories. 
 
 Totals for 1882 . 
 Totals for 18t:i . 
 Totals for 1880 . 
 Totals for IhlO . 
 Totals for lt:78 . 
 
 Average for cacb year 
 
 Six months ending — 
 
 March 1, 1882. 
 
 b'inks' Capital. 
 
 173 
 175 
 220 
 309 
 323 
 
 8 $1,.'?50.000 
 68 6, 763. 000 
 18 ' 1,640.000 
 89 7, 43U, 500 
 
 Scptomber 1,1862. 
 
 Average for the 
 year. 
 
 b'l^ukl i Capitab I ^-^i I Capital. 
 
 118 
 
 $2, 206, 000 
 8, 725, 000 
 2, 337, OOi) 
 
 12,812,730 
 
 11 $1,778,000 
 
 60 ! 7,744,000 
 
 21 I 1,988,500 
 
 104 10, 121, 615 
 
 17, 183, 500 
 20,321,530 
 no, 407, 200 
 .5:1, 843, 700 
 48, 797, 900 
 
 210 
 171 
 233 
 299 
 3.-.7 
 
 20, 080, 730 
 18,387,5.'.0 
 20, 334, 150 
 44, 576, 300 
 58, 736, 950 
 
 196 i 
 173 
 230 
 304 I 
 343 I 
 
 21,632,115 
 19, 354, 540 
 28, 370, 675 
 49, 210, 000 
 63, 767, 425 
 
 242 I 34,110,766 
 
 256 I 34, 823, 136 
 
 249 
 
 34, 466, 951
 
 170 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The pfrcHTitacTO to ca])ital of di vidoiuls i)ai(l, and of dividends and earn- 
 in^t's, respectively, to combined cajiital and surplus, is shown by similar 
 geogiapliical divisions for the years 1877 to 1882, inclusive: 
 
 
 18T7. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 Geographical 
 divisiuus. 
 
 Divi- 
 dends to 
 capital. 
 
 ,^'7'- 1 Earnings 
 
 Divi- 
 dcndsto 
 cai)ital. 
 
 Divi- 
 dends to 
 capital 
 and sur- 
 plus. 
 
 Earnings 
 to capital 
 and sur- 
 plus. 
 
 Divi- 
 dends to 
 capital. 
 
 aE}a1',^ Earninea 
 
 11^ 
 
 New England 
 
 States 
 
 Middle St.ates.. 
 
 SoUtluTll.Sliltl'S 
 
 Wosleni St.it ct 
 and Territo- 
 ries 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 7.6 
 8.5 
 8.3 
 
 12.2 
 
 Per ct. Per ct. 
 
 6.0 i 4.7 
 C.6 5.4 
 
 7.1 1 7.1 
 
 9. 6 7. 2 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 6.9 
 7.9 
 7.3 
 
 9.6 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 5.5 
 6.1 
 6.2 
 
 7.8 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 4.3 
 4.9 
 5.7 
 
 6.9 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 6.4 
 7.9 
 7.0 
 
 9.4 
 
 Perct. 
 
 5.2 
 6.1 
 CO 
 
 7.5 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 4.2 
 5.4 
 
 7.1 
 
 United States. . 
 
 8.9 
 
 7.1 5.6 1 7.8 
 
 6.2 ; 5.1 
 
 7. 6 i 6. 1 5. f 
 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Geojirnpliical 
 divisiou.s. 
 
 Divi- 
 Divi- dends to 
 dends to capital 
 capital, and sur- 
 plus. 
 
 Eaminffs 
 to capital 
 and .sur- 
 plus. 
 
 Divi- 
 dends to 
 capital. 
 
 -iH^f^ Earnings 
 denusto . .J*:, 
 capital io<^apifal 
 
 Divi- 
 dends to 
 capital. 
 
 Divi- 
 dends to 
 capital 
 anfl sur- 
 plus. 
 
 Earnings 
 to capital 
 and sur- 
 plus. 
 
 New England 
 St.ites 
 
 Middle States. . 
 
 SoutliernStates 
 
 Western States 
 and Territo- 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 6.8 
 8.4 
 7.8 
 
 9.5 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 5.5 
 6.5 
 6.7 
 
 7.6 
 
 Perct. 
 
 6.4 
 8.6 
 7.6 
 
 9.3 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 7.2 
 8.5 
 8.3 
 
 10.4 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 5.8 
 6.4 
 6.9 
 
 R 1 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 7.3 
 
 9.4 
 
 11.3 
 
 ^^ R 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 7.1 
 8.4 
 8.2 
 
 12.0 
 
 Per ct. 
 
 5.7 
 6.3 
 6.7 
 
 in 
 
 Perct. 
 
 6.8 
 8.6 
 10.3 
 
 15.7 
 
 
 
 
 • 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 United States 
 
 8. 6. 4 7. 9 
 
 8. 4 j 6. 6 j 9. 2 8. 7 1 6. 8 
 
 8.9 
 
 In the appendix may be found tables exhibiting the amount of divi- 
 dends and earnings of the national banks, arranged by geographical 
 divisions, for semi-annual periods from September 1, 1873 ; also an ab- 
 stract of rei)orts of di\idends and earnings for the two semi-annual 
 periods of the present year, and a table, by States and reserve cities, of 
 the ratios to capital and to combined capital and surplus of the divi- 
 dends and earnings from March 1, 1877, to September 1, 1882. 
 
 LOSSES. 
 
 During the year ending September, 1882, losses in their business on 
 every account, including losses on technical bad debts, nnder section 
 5204 of the Revised Statutes, and premiums on United States bonds, 
 have been charged oil" l)y the national banks, amountingto $11,321,912.93. 
 Of this sum S-l:,9<»3,15.3.22 was charged otf during the six months end- 
 ing March 1, 1882, and $6,361,757.71 dui'iug the six mouths ending Sep- 
 tember 1, 1882. 
 
 The following table shows the number of lianks charging off these 
 Josses and the amount charged off in each State and reserve city in the 
 United States for the semi-annual periods named above.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 171 
 
 States and Tcnituiics. 
 
 March 1, 1882. 
 
 X... of 
 baiiks. 
 
 Losses. 
 
 September 1, 1882. 
 
 No. of 
 bauks. 
 
 Losses. 
 
 Aggregate. 
 
 Maine 
 
 Ni'W ifnnipsiliire 
 
 Vi'iinont 
 
 ilaMsacliusutta 
 
 Boston 
 
 Rliode Island 
 
 Connectifut 
 
 New York 
 
 New York City . . 
 
 Albany 
 
 New J erse.v 
 
 I'ennsvlv;iiii;i 
 
 riiiladrlphiii 
 
 ritt.sbui';h 
 
 Belawaie 
 
 Maryland 
 
 lialtiniore 
 
 District of Colunibia. 
 
 Wasliitifrton 
 
 Vir;^iula 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Georjria 
 
 yioiiila 
 
 Alabama 
 
 New Orleans 
 
 Texas 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Louisville 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Micliifian 
 
 Detroit 
 
 "Wisconsin 
 
 Milwauki c 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Missouri 
 
 SaiutLouis 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Nevada 
 
 California 
 
 S;in Francisco 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Montana 
 
 Ni-w Mexico 
 
 A\'a»liin;;ton 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 34 
 
 27 
 
 20 
 
 97 
 
 36 
 
 22 
 
 47 
 
 138 
 
 40 
 
 5 
 
 47 
 
 114 
 
 25 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 $70. 0.34 73 
 
 43, 309 91 
 
 84,831 31 
 
 355, 709 27 
 
 269, 632 31 
 
 130,931 ."iO 
 
 179,671 07 
 
 4n2, 230 69 
 
 400,519 U.S 
 
 21,401 38 
 
 261,295 73 
 
 309,020 24 
 
 333, 833 66 
 
 119, 205 00 
 
 43, 566 00 
 
 12, 939 37 
 
 33, 047 05 
 
 17,145 01 
 
 34,345 71 
 
 1,110 79 
 
 23, 007 94 
 79, 300 74 
 18,201 00 
 
 1,957 20 
 
 43, 099 ('8 
 
 23,811 21 
 
 47, 7r>l 25 
 
 9,515 90 
 
 76,650 80 
 
 37, 245 99 
 
 40, 510 90 
 
 2.56, 334 03 
 
 13,474 68 
 
 47,621 14 
 
 106,422 07 
 
 139, 146 49 
 
 101.933 50 
 
 72, 400 47 
 
 50, 147 58 
 
 28, 789 96 
 
 1.5,217 22 
 
 06, 200 20 
 
 06,801 04 
 
 54, .526 74 
 
 70, 940 63 
 
 10, 6H4 84 
 
 12, 041 81 
 
 66, 312 91 
 
 692 65 
 
 28, 192 99 
 
 10,439 04 
 
 24, 355 CO 
 33, 0.54 71 
 
 3, 404 45 
 
 4, 098 40 
 
 5, 790 48 
 097 55 
 
 36 
 22 
 21 
 
 101 
 41 
 30 
 53 
 
 132 
 
 41 
 
 5 
 
 50 
 
 111 
 
 $100, 926 28 
 
 79, 877 71 
 
 90, 848 43 
 
 370, 248 93 
 
 285, 210 51 
 
 76, 950 71 
 
 152, 105 13 
 
 439,013 51 
 
 815,959 14 
 
 84, 790 97 
 
 205, 6H8 03 
 
 255,080 14 
 
 255, 253 93 
 
 992, 381 21 
 
 10. 176 70 
 
 85,854 63 
 
 104,116 35 
 
 2, 200 00 
 
 29, 490 93 
 63, 688 53 
 
 3, 171 75 
 
 80.692 33 
 44, 880 17 
 32, 781 87 
 
 5 00 
 
 9,343 38 
 
 129, 905 30 
 
 58, 358 43 
 
 3,716 42 
 
 42, 721 40 
 
 19,894 14 
 
 30, 221 03 
 311,295 37 
 
 70,405 19 
 
 0.5, 740 74 
 
 108, 330 09 
 
 149, 522 02 
 
 03,521 05 
 
 76, 930 40 
 
 12, 191 .58 
 
 42, 531 37 
 
 695 09 
 
 87, 750 70 
 
 70,402 99 
 
 .59,077 10 
 
 75.693 70 
 20, 613 70 
 19, 945 50 
 
 166, 565 84 
 
 3S1 07 
 
 10, 882 25 
 
 5, 937 43 
 
 22, 029 81 
 2,289 97 
 1, 018 G8 
 
 434 16 
 
 Totals for 1882 1,199 4,963,1.55 22 
 
 A'IdforlKSl I 1,210 i .5,8X9,70119 
 
 AddlorlWO I 1,300 7,.563,8HC04 
 
 Ad<llorl879 1 1,421 ' 10,23K,324 98 
 
 Addforlh78 1 1,304 i 10,903,14504 
 
 1, 2.52 
 1,269 
 1,.321 
 1,442 
 1,430 
 
 0, 301, 7.57 71 
 0, 801, !)H8 .50 
 7,142,519 90 
 11,487.330 17 
 13, 563, 054 85 
 
 $177, 
 123, 
 17.\ 
 720, 
 554! 
 2o7, 
 331, 
 921, 
 
 1, 282, 
 100, 
 400, 
 504, 
 589, 
 
 1,111, 
 
 53, 
 
 48, 
 
 137, 
 
 4C! 
 
 98, 
 
 4, 
 
 104, 
 
 124, 
 
 50, 
 1, 
 
 53, 
 1.53, 
 100, 
 
 13, 
 119, 
 
 70! 
 
 507, 
 
 83. 
 
 113, 
 
 214, 
 
 2.^K, 
 
 105, 
 
 149, 
 
 02, 
 
 71, 
 
 15, 
 
 1.53, 
 
 137, 
 
 113, 
 
 140, 
 
 31, 
 
 31, 
 
 232, 
 
 1, 
 
 4.5, 
 
 10, 
 
 24, 
 
 55, 
 
 561 01 
 247 62 
 679 74 
 018 20 
 848 82 
 882 27 
 776 20 
 244 20 
 478 72 
 192 35 
 983 76 
 100 38 
 092 59 
 586 81 
 743 30 
 794 00 
 164 00 
 200 09 
 636 54 
 034 24 
 282 54 
 
 300 27 
 246 91 
 983 47 
 962 26 
 042 46 
 710 51 
 109 68 
 232 32 
 372 20 
 140 13 
 738 53 
 030 00 
 879 87 
 
 301 8S 
 752 10 
 609 11 
 455 15 
 330 87 
 339 16 
 321 33 
 912 31 
 956 96 
 204 03 
 603 84 
 634 33 
 298 00 
 987 31 
 h78 75 
 073 72 
 075 24 
 376 47 
 355 60 
 084 52 
 094 42 
 117 08 
 790 48 
 131 71 
 
 11,324,912 93 
 12,091,349 75 
 14, 700. 406 00 
 21,72.5,055 15 
 24, 406, 799 89 
 
 Affuregate I0.S8CS for five j-cars ' 39,558,272 47 1 1 45,356,85125 84,915,123 72 
 
 The total los.ses cliarjjcd oft' in each of tlio five preceding years are 
 added to llii.s table. A coii.sideiable iiortion of the.se tt'chiiieal losse.s 
 have already been collected, and other lar^e ainonnt.s Avill nndonbtedly 
 be herealler recovered. Fall tables lor the six preceding years may bo 
 louiid ill the appeiulix.
 
 172 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The following table gives the losses for the last five years of the 
 national banks located in each geographical division of the United 
 States. The number of banks rej)orting losses and the total losses for 
 live vcars are also shown in this table. 
 
 Six months eutl- 
 
 New England 
 
 States. 
 
 Middle States. 
 
 Southern 
 States. 
 
 "Western Stales 
 and Tcnitories. 
 
 United States. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Amouut. 
 
 No. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 No. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 No. 
 
 Amount. No. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 March 1,1878 
 
 September 1, 1878. 
 
 327 
 399 
 
 $3, 344, 012 
 4, 016, 814 
 
 417 
 449 
 
 $4, 506, 813 
 5, 502, 770 
 
 124 
 140 
 
 $672, 032 
 1, 225, 602 
 
 436 
 
 442 
 
 .$2, 380, 288 :1, 304 $10, 903, 145 
 2, 818, 469 1, 430 13, 563, 055 
 
 Total, 1878 
 
 
 7, 360, 826 
 
 
 10,009,583 } 1,897,034 
 
 1 .5.198.7.57 ; 
 
 24, 466, 800 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 March 1,1879 
 
 September 1, 1879. 
 
 379 
 
 384 
 
 3, 612, 128 
 3, 388, 394 
 
 459 
 463 
 
 3, 592, 950 
 
 4, 360, 440 
 
 125 ego, 646 
 139 1,235,784 
 
 458 
 4.56 
 
 2,336,600 ,1,421 
 2,502,712 1,442 
 
 10, 238, 324 
 11,487,330 
 
 Total, 1879 
 
 
 7,000,522 
 
 7,953,390 1 ! 1,932,430 
 
 
 4,839,312 1 
 
 21, 725, 654 
 
 
 
 
 March 1, 1880 
 
 September 1, 1880. 
 
 362 1 2, 236, 928 1 446 
 326 j 1, 8G6, 058 440 
 
 3,152,317 121 1 530,709 
 2,817,870 124 | 787,046 
 
 431 1,643,872 [1,360 
 431 1,670,946 jl,321 
 
 7, 563, 888 
 7, 142, 520 
 
 Total, 1880 
 
 
 4,103,586 1 
 
 5,970.187 j 1 1,317,815 
 
 3,314,818 
 
 14, 706, 400 
 
 
 
 March 1, 1881 
 
 September 1, 1881. 
 
 285 
 318 
 
 1,584,675 1 412 
 1, 707, 338 , 428 
 
 2, 548, 203 
 2, 975, 110 
 
 112 
 119 
 
 384, 607 
 797, 233 
 
 401 1, 372, 276 1, 210 
 404 11, 321, 90S 1,269 
 
 5,889,701 
 6, 801, 589 
 
 Total, 1881 
 
 
 3,292,013 ; 
 
 5, 523, 313 
 
 1 1,181,840 
 
 2,694,184 1 
 
 12, 691, 350 
 
 
 
 
 March 1, 1882 
 
 September 1, 1882. 
 
 289 
 304 
 
 1, 134, 840 ; 416 
 1, 162, 174 1 415 
 
 2, 100, 206 
 3, 230, Oil 
 
 107 
 122 
 
 437, 781 
 519, 380 
 
 387 1,290,328 H, 199 
 411 ; 1, 450, 193 ;1, 252 
 
 4, 963, 155 
 6, 361, 758 
 
 Total, 1882 
 
 
 2,297,014 [ 
 
 5, 330, 217 
 
 1 957,161 
 
 1 2,740,521 1 
 
 11, 324 913 
 
 
 
 
 Total for five 
 years 
 
 24,053,961 
 
 34, 786, 690 
 
 
 7, 286, 880 
 
 
 18, 787, 592 
 
 
 84, 915, 123 
 
 Of the losses exhibited by the foregoing tables, $2,025,502 was on 
 account of premiums on United States bonds charged off. The high 
 premiums upon the United States bonds not subject to redemption 
 at the option of the government, compel those organizing new national 
 banks to invest a portion of their capital in a premium account. As 
 the premium may entirely disappear at the maturity of the bonds it has 
 been a requirement of this ofdce that a portion of such premium account 
 shall be charged to undivided profits each half year before the declaration 
 of a dividend until the whole account shall have disappeared. It is, of 
 course, possible that many of these amounts charged off, either on account 
 of premiums or on account of technical bad debts, may eventually be 
 realized by the bank. The bank may close and withdraw and sell its 
 bonds while they yet command a premium. Debts, though technically 
 bad on account of interest remaining due and unpaid over six months, 
 may nevertheless be afterwards paid. These recovered losses are 
 included in the profits of each half year. Banks holding 4 per cent, 
 bonds have been instructed to charge oif each year one-twentieth part 
 of the premium paid thereon, and counted as an'^asset ; those holding 4.J 
 per cent, bonds have been instructed to similarly charge ofi" one-tenth 
 of the premium, and those holding Pacific Eailroad sixes to cliarge off 
 one-fifteenth. The charges in each case were to be made ])revio\is to 
 the semi-annual declaration of a dividend, and at no time is the amount 
 of premium counted as an asset to exceed the current market premium 
 ou the bonds held.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 173 
 
 In the following table the losses charged oil" Ly the national banks in 
 the principal cities of the conntry are given for each of the years covered 
 by the preceding tables, with the total for the period. 
 
 Cities. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Total. 
 
 ,147,319 98 $3,135,557 37 $2,054,381 52 $2,321,002 62 $1,282,478 
 
 New York. 
 
 Boston 2,400,197 46 ; 2,6.55,390 58 I 1,110,831 72 1 701, orA 73 
 
 I'hila.lolphia... 501,076 30 i 491,558 30 I 399,943 74 400,249 16 
 
 Pift«lnirj;h I 41!), 036 51 333,022 99 2.18,128 15 I 2.^.8,088 09 
 
 Baltimoio | 308, 915 99 i 294, .507 00 ! 211,329 01; 09,179 76 
 
 Kew Oilcans... 338,406 90 | 272,889 87 1 118,080 38 i 74,920 25 
 I I I I 
 
 554,848 
 589 092 
 1,111,586 
 137, 164 
 153, 716 
 
 72 $13, 
 
 82 ' 7, 
 r>9 I 2, 
 81 
 00 
 51 
 
 940, 740 21 
 512, 323 31 
 448, 520 15 
 379,802 55 
 111,095 76 
 958, 103 91 
 
 SURPLUS. 
 
 In the following table is exhibited the gradual accumulation of a sur- 
 plus fund under the provisions of section 5199, requiring each associa- 
 tion, before the declaration of the semi-annual dividend, to carry to sur- 
 plus one-tenth of its net profits for the preceding half year, until such 
 fund shall amount to 20 j)er cent, of its capital. 
 
 Dates. . 
 
 • 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Semi-annual 
 increase or 
 decrease. 
 
 Dates. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Semi-annual 
 increase or 
 decrease. 
 
 July4 1864 
 
 $1,129,910 
 
 8,663,311 
 
 31, 303, 566 
 
 43, 000, 371 
 
 50,151,992 
 
 59, 992, 875 
 
 C;i, 232, 811 
 
 70, .586, 126 
 
 75,840.119 
 
 81,100,937 
 
 82,218,576 
 
 9U, 174, 281 
 
 9],0.S9, 8:i4 
 
 94, 705, 740 
 
 98, 322, 204 
 
 101,573,154 
 
 105,181,943 
 
 111,410,249 
 
 116, 847, 455 
 
 Increase. 
 
 December 26, 1873.... 
 June 26 1874 
 
 $120 961, 268 
 1261239,308 
 130,485,641 
 133, 169, 095 
 
 133, 08.5, 422 
 131, 897, 197 
 131,390,605 
 124, 714, 073 
 121,568,4,55 
 118, 178, 531 
 116,200,864 
 114, 321, 376 
 
 115,429,032 
 118, 102, 014 
 121, 824, 629 
 126,679,518 
 129, 807, 494 
 131, 079, 251 
 
 Increase. 
 
 $4, 113, 813 
 
 5, 278, 040 
 
 4, 246, 333 
 
 2, 683, 454 
 
 January 2,1865 
 
 Jiilj-3, 1865 .., 
 
 January 1,18C6 
 
 July2, 1866 
 
 $7, 533, 401 
 22, 640, 255 
 11, 090, 805 
 7, 151, 621 
 9, 840, 883 
 3, 239, 936 
 7, 2.5.3, 315 
 5, 253, On.i 
 
 5, 329, 818 
 1. 048, 639 
 7, 955, 705 
 1, 51.5, 553 
 3, 015, 900 
 3,616,464 
 3, 2.50, 9.50 
 3, 608, 789 
 
 6, 228, 306 
 5, 437, 206 
 
 December 31, 1874... 
 June 30, 1875 
 
 December 17, 1875 
 
 June 30, 1876 
 
 January 7, 1867 
 
 July], 1867 
 
 83.673 
 1, 188, 225 
 506, 532 
 6, 676, 592 
 3, 145, 618 
 3, 389, 924 
 1,977,667 
 1, 879, 488 
 
 Increase. 
 
 $1, 107, 656 
 2 672 082 
 
 January 6, 1868 
 
 July '1868 
 
 December 22, 1876.... 
 June 22, 1877 
 
 Jan>iarv4, 1869 
 
 June 12 18G9 
 
 December 28, 1877 
 
 Jnne 29, 1878 
 
 January 22, 1870 
 
 June 9,1870 
 
 I January 1, 1879 
 
 ' June 14, 1879 
 
 December 28, 1870 ... 
 Juao 10, 1871 
 
 Docombor 12, 1870 
 
 Junnll, 1880 
 
 December 16, 1871... 
 
 June 10 1872 
 
 December 31, 1 0... 
 Juno 30, 1881......... 
 
 December 31, 18 1... 
 July 1,1882 
 
 3 7''2 615 
 
 December 27, 1872... 
 June 13, 1873 
 
 4, 8.54, 889 
 3 187 976 
 
 
 1 211 757 
 
 
 
 
 Practically the law requires that the surplu.s fund of each bank shall 
 at all times equal an amount equal to one-tenth of its total net earnings 
 since it commenced business. Manj' of the banks accumulate the fund 
 much faster than this, and some pass dividends for the purpose of doing 
 so. Some do not stop at the twenty per cent, limit named in section 5199, 
 but continue to increase their surplus until the latter is often greater 
 than the capital stock. As the fund is very rarelj' dimini.shed except 
 for such extraordinary losses as cannot be met out of current profits, 
 it, together with the capital, constitutes the working fund of the bank 
 by the use of which dividends are earnetl. JJearing this in mind, it will 
 be seen that the returns made to stockholders of national banks for 
 their investment are not excessive. 
 
 In an e.xcellent pai)er on tlie national banks of the United States, 
 read before the banker's Institute of Loiidcm, I'ngland, May 17, 1882, 
 by Mr. liobert W. lianiett, an associate of the Institute, and published
 
 174 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 in the journal of the Institute for July, 1882, the following comment is 
 made : 
 
 "Dividends paid by the banks have, on the whole, been satisfactory ; 
 although, taking into consideration tlie value of capital in the United 
 States and the g(Mieral rates of interest ])revailing, the average rate of 
 dividends must be pronounced moderate." 
 
 UNITED STATES LEGAL -TENDETI NOTES AND NATIONAL BANK CIR- 
 CULATION. 
 
 The acts of February 25, 1862, July 11, 1862, and March 3, 1863, each 
 authorized the issue of 150 millions of dollars of legal-tender notes, mak- 
 ing an aggregate of 450 millions of dollars. 
 
 On January 30, 1804, the amount of such notes outstanding was 
 $449,338,902, which was the highest amount outstanding at anj^ one 
 time. The act of June 30, 1804, provided that the total amount of 
 United States notes issued, or to be issued, should not exceed 400 mill- 
 ions of dollars, and such additional sum, not exceeding 50 millions, as 
 might be temporarily required for the redemj)tion of temporary loans. 
 By the act of June 20, 1874, the maximum amount was fixed at 382 mill- 
 ions. Section 3, act of January 14, 1875, authorized an increase of the 
 circulation of national banks in accordance with existing law, without 
 respect to the limit previously existing, and required the Secretary of 
 the Treasury to retire legal-tender notes to an amount equal to eighty 
 l)er cent, of the national-bank notes thereafter issued, until the amount 
 of such legal-tender notes outstanding should be 300 millions, and no 
 more. Under the operation of this act, $35,318,984 of legal-tender notes 
 were retired, leaving tbe amount in circulation on May 31, 1878, the 
 date of the repeal of the act, $340,081,016, which is the amount now out- 
 standing. 
 
 In the following table are given the amount and kinds of the outstand- 
 ing currency of tlie United States and of the national banks on Jan- 
 uary 1 of each year, from 1806 to 1882, and on November 1, 1882, to 
 which is prefixed the amount on August 31, 1865, when the public debt 
 reached its maximum. 
 
 
 United States issues. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes of na- 
 
 
 Currency 
 price of 
 $100 gold. 
 
 Gold 
 
 Date. 
 
 Legal-tender 
 
 Old 
 demand' 
 
 Fractional 
 
 tional blinks, 
 in cl u d i n g 
 gold notes. 
 
 Aggregate. 
 
 price of 
 $100 cur- 
 rency. 
 
 
 notes. 
 
 notes. 
 
 currency. 
 
 
 
 
 
 AuR. 31, 1865 . 
 
 $432, 553, 912 
 
 $402, 965 
 
 $26, 344, 742 
 
 $176,213,955 
 
 $63.5,515,574 
 
 $144 25 
 
 $69 32 
 
 Jan. 1,1866 ... 
 
 425, 839, 319 
 
 392, 670 
 
 26, 000, 420 
 
 236, 636, 098 
 
 . 688, 867, 907 
 
 144 50 
 
 69 20 
 
 Jan. 1,1867 ... 
 
 380,276,160 
 
 221, 632 
 
 28, 732, 812 
 
 298, .588, 41 9 
 
 707,819.023 
 
 133 00 
 
 75 18 
 
 Jan. 1,1868 ... 
 
 350, 000, 000 
 
 159, 127 
 
 31, 597, 583 
 
 299, 846, 206 
 
 687,602,916 
 
 133 25 
 
 75 04 
 
 Jan. 1,1869 ... 
 
 356, 000, 000 
 
 128. 098 
 
 34, 215, 715 
 
 299, 747, 569 
 
 690, 091, 382 
 
 135 00 
 
 74 07 
 
 Jan. 1,1870 ... 
 
 350, 000, 000 
 
 113, 098 
 
 39, 762, 664 
 
 299, 629, 322 
 
 695, 505, 084 
 
 120 00 
 
 83 33 
 
 Jan. 1,1871 ... 
 
 3.'')6. 000, 000 
 
 101, 086 
 
 39, 995, 089 
 
 306, 307, 672 
 
 702, 403, 847 
 
 110 75 
 
 90 29 
 
 Jan. 1,1872 ... 
 
 3.^7, 500, 000 
 
 92, 801 
 
 40, 767, 877 
 
 328, 405, 431 
 
 726, 826, 109 
 
 109 50 
 
 91 32 
 
 Jan. 1,1873 ... 
 
 3.')8, 557, n07 
 
 84, 387 
 
 45, 722, 061 
 
 344,582,812 
 
 748, 947, 167 
 
 112 00 
 
 89 28 
 
 Jan. 1, 1874 . . . 
 
 378, 401, 702 
 
 79, 637 
 
 48, 544, 792 
 
 350, 848, 236 
 
 777, 874. 367 
 
 110 25 
 
 90 70 
 
 Jan. 1,1875 ... 
 
 382, 000, 000 
 
 72, 317 
 
 46, 390, 598 
 
 354,128,250 
 
 782, 591, 165 
 
 112 50 
 
 88 89 
 
 Jan. 1,1876 ... 
 
 371,827.220 
 
 69. 642 
 
 44,147,072 
 
 346, 479, 756 
 
 762, 523, 690 
 
 112 75 
 
 88 69 
 
 Jan. 1,1877 ... 
 
 300, 055, 084 
 
 65. 462 
 
 26, 348, 206 
 
 321, 59.5. 606 
 
 714, OM, 358 
 
 107 CO 
 
 93 46 
 
 Jan. 1,1878 ... 
 
 340, 943, 776 
 
 63, 532 
 
 17, 764, 109 
 
 321, 672, 505 
 
 689. 443, 922 
 
 102 87 
 
 97 21 
 
 Jan. 1,1879 ... 
 
 346,681,016 
 
 62, 035 
 
 16. 108,159 
 
 3J3,791,674 
 
 686, 642, 884 
 
 100 00 
 
 100 00 
 
 Jan. 1,1880 ... 
 
 346,681,016 
 
 61, 3.50 
 
 15, 674, 304 
 
 342, 387, 336 
 
 704, 804, 006 
 
 100 00 
 
 100 00 
 
 Jan. 1,1881 ... 
 
 346,081,016 
 
 60, 745 
 
 15, 523, 464 
 
 344, 355, 203 
 
 706, 620, 428 
 
 100 00 
 
 100 00 
 
 Jan. 1,1882 ... 
 
 346,681,016 
 
 59, 92C 
 
 15, 451, 861 
 
 .302,421,988 
 
 724, 614, 785 
 
 100 00 
 
 100 00 
 
 Nov.l, 1882... 
 
 346, 681, 016 
 
 59, 380 
 
 15, 402, 120 
 
 302, 727, 747 
 
 724, 870, 263 
 
 100 00 
 
 100 00
 
 REPOET OF Til?: SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 
 
 175 
 
 The act of June 20, IST-i, i)rovi(lefl tliat any national hanking asso- 
 ciation might witlidraw its ciicuhiting notes upon the deposit of hiwful 
 money with the Treasurer of the United States in sums of not less than 
 $9,000. Since the passage of this act, 8ir)4,424,041 of Lawful money have 
 been deposited -with tlie Treasurer by the national banks for the puri)Ose 
 of reducing- their circulation, aud $120,150,640 of bank notes have been 
 redeemed, destroyed, and retired. 
 
 In the following table is shown, by States, the amount of circulation 
 issued and retired during the year ending November 1, 1882, and the 
 total amount issued aud retired since June 20, 1874. 
 
 states and Ten itorics. 
 
 ifaino 
 
 New lliimpshire 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Mas.sachiisetts 
 
 Rhodt? Island 
 
 ConiHictieut 
 
 New York 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Pennsylvaiiia 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Maryland 
 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Virginia 
 
 West Viro:inia 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Florida 
 
 Alabama. ._ 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Texas 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Teune.'^aee 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Ohio, 
 
 Indiana .... 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Michigan . . 
 Wisconsin , 
 Iowa. 
 
 Minnesota 
 Kansas — 
 Nebr.iska . 
 
 Nevada 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Colorado . . 
 Utah 
 
 Circulation 
 issued. 
 
 $253. 400 
 540, 000 
 
 L'5i. no 
 
 1, fxit), 200 
 443, 120 
 755, 380 
 
 2, 792, 820 
 209, 250 
 
 2, 573, 080 
 
 45, 000 
 
 235, 750 
 
 171, 200 
 45, 000 
 
 9,000 
 85, 500 
 
 2,900 
 
 C7, 500 
 
 87, 100 
 
 259, 590 
 
 38, 240 
 
 657, 990 
 
 288, 000 
 
 260,710 
 
 4, 270, 670 
 
 9()3, 090 
 
 1,048,050 
 
 1, Otil, 080 
 
 423, UOO 
 
 979, 140 
 
 202, 500 
 
 240, 310 
 
 620, 970 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Montana 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 New Mexico . 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Washington . 
 
 California 
 
 Arizona 
 
 45, 000 
 1C5, 600 
 99, 000 
 
 Circulation retired. 
 
 Act of June 
 20, 1874. 
 
 3,070 
 
 334, 742 
 
 2, 352, 033 
 
 773, 659 
 
 1,071,921 
 
 3,711,140 
 
 594, 128 
 
 2, 617, 877 
 
 20, 450 
 
 55, 060 
 
 19, 245 
 
 67, 125 
 
 53, 790 
 
 125, 216 
 
 91, 643 
 
 57,.406 
 
 74, 895 
 
 23, 169 
 
 27, 696 
 
 18,818 
 
 285, 630 
 
 17, .503 
 
 216, 607 
 
 no2, 3:4 
 
 878, 361 
 
 511,402 
 
 440, 118 
 
 140, 238 
 
 100, 320 
 
 138, 979 
 
 69, 540 
 
 99, 305 
 
 Liquidating 
 banks. 
 
 $41,571 
 
 39, 858 
 
 123, 229 
 2,638 
 55, 220 
 346, 618 
 257, 168 
 226, 740 
 
 4,443 
 
 15, 308 
 44,280 
 14, 901 
 20, 855 
 
 26, 019 
 
 13, 176 
 
 120 
 
 11,540 
 
 10, 728 
 
 459 
 
 41, 800 
 
 39, 792 
 
 121, 731 
 
 434, 320 
 
 362, 014 
 
 192, 528 
 
 129,119 
 
 88, 495 
 
 148, 357 
 
 107, 558 
 
 50, 334 
 
 2,010 
 
 165 
 
 19, 959 
 3,860 
 
 Total. 
 
 $104, 641 
 
 39. 858 
 
 401,624 
 
 2, 475, 263 
 
 776, 297 
 
 1. 127. 141 
 
 4, 057, 758 
 
 851, 296 
 
 2,844,617 
 
 20,450 
 
 59, 503 
 
 34, 553 
 
 111.405 
 
 68, 691 
 
 146, 071 
 
 91,643 
 
 83,425 
 
 88,071 
 
 120 
 
 34.709 
 
 38, 424 
 
 19, 277 
 
 327, 430 
 
 57. 295 
 
 .138, 338 
 
 1, 336, 674 
 
 1, 240. 375 
 
 703, 930 
 
 569, 237 
 
 228, 733 
 
 248, 677 
 
 246, 537 
 
 125, 874 
 
 101,315 
 
 165 
 
 19. 050 
 3,860 
 
 Total 
 
 Surrendered to this ofBco and retired 
 
 149, 000 
 45, 000 
 .54, 000 
 243, 000 
 lOH, 0(10 
 32. 400 
 30, 000 
 
 26, 006 
 
 22, 4&J, 250 
 
 7.50 
 42, 335 
 
 29, 585 
 
 16, 022, .591 
 
 3, 099, 380 
 
 Total 
 
 From June 20, 1874, to Oefoher 31, 1881 
 
 Surrendered to this ollicu between same dates . 
 
 22,404, 2.50 i 
 122, 727, 005 I 
 
 16,022,501 
 83, 438, 504 
 
 3. 099, 380 
 17, 596, 080 
 
 55,651 
 
 7.50 
 42, 335 
 
 19,121,971 
 753, 0.58 
 
 19, 875, 029 
 
 101, 034. 074 
 
 12, 20.-.. 7.55 
 
 Grandtotal I 145,192,155 1 99,461,185 20,095,460 133.116,358 
 
 The amount of circulation issued to national banks for the year end- 
 ing Xovember 1, 1882, was $22,404,250, inclndiug !?(;,5()0,()S() 'issued to 
 banks organized during the year. The amount retired during the year
 
 176 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 was $19,937,630, and the actual increase for tlie same period was there- 
 fore $2,526,620, makin/:? the total on November 1, 8361,940,358. 
 
 During the year en(linj]j November 1, 1882, lawful money to the amount 
 of $26,501,045 was deposited with the Treasurer to retire circulation, of 
 which amount $7,805,754 was deposited by banks in liquidation. 
 
 The amount previously deposited under the act of June 20, 1874, was 
 $107,978,052 ; by banks in liquidation $19,945,.j44, to which is to be 
 added a balance of $3,813,675 remaining from deposits made by liquidat- 
 ing banks prior to the passage of that act. Deducting from the total 
 the amount of circulating notes redeemed and destroyed without re- 
 issue ($120,156,646), there remained in the hands of the Treasurer, on 
 November 1, 1882, $38,081,670 of lawful money for the redemption and 
 retirement of bank circulation. 
 
 NATIONAL BANK AND LEaAL-TENDER NOTES BY DENOMINATIONS. 
 
 CIRCULATING NOTES OF THE BANK OF FRANCE AND IMPERIAL BANK OF GERMANY, 
 
 BY DENOMINATIONS. 
 
 In accordance with law, no national-bank notes of a less denomina- 
 tion than five dollars have been issued since January 1, 1879, when the 
 amount outstanding was $7,718,747. Since that date the amount of 
 ones and twos issued by the banks has been reduced $6,778,189, and 
 during the same period the legal-tender notes of these denominations 
 have been increased $12,435,707. 
 
 During the last year the amount of national-bank notes of these de- 
 nominations has decreased nearly' one-half, to 940,558, the amount of 
 the decrease being $910,724. The total increase of the amount of ones 
 and twos outstanding, in national-bank and legal-tender notes, is 
 $5,657,518. 
 
 The following table shows, by denominations, the amount of national- 
 bank and legal-tender notes outstanding on October 31, 1882, and the 
 aggregate amounts of both kinds of notes at the same period in 1880 
 and 1881 : 
 
 Denommations. 
 
 Ones 
 
 Twos 
 
 Fives 
 
 Tens 
 
 Twenties 
 
 Fifties 
 
 One hundreds 
 
 Five Im mlreds 
 
 One thousands 
 
 Five thousands 
 
 Ten tliousands 
 
 Add fornniedcenied fragments 
 
 of national-banknotes 
 
 Deduct for lo;j:altender notes 
 
 destroyed in Chicago fire 
 
 Total . 
 
 1882. 
 
 National- 
 bank notes. 
 
 $813, 800 
 
 126, 758 
 
 96, 920, 955 
 
 122, 713, 260 
 
 84, 001, 540 
 
 23, 657, 100 
 
 ol, 598, SOO 
 
 953, 500 
 
 197, 000 
 
 Legal-tender 
 notes. 
 
 $27, 255, 144 
 25, 473, 197 
 68, 344, 110 
 72, 012, 211 
 60, 716, 419 
 24, 145, 545 
 34, 237, 890 
 14, 671, 000 
 12,200,500 
 2, 395, 000 
 230, 000 
 
 +18, 233 
 
 —1, 000, 000 
 
 361, 000, 946 i 346, 681, 016 
 
 Aggregate. 
 
 $28, 068, 944 
 
 25, 599, 955 
 
 165, 265, 065 
 
 194, 72.5, 471 
 
 150, 717, 950 
 
 47, 802, 645 
 
 65, 836, 690 
 
 15. 624, 500 
 
 12. 397, 500 
 
 2,395,000 
 
 230, 000 
 
 + 18,233 
 
 —1, 000, 000 
 
 1881. 
 
 Aggregate. 
 
 $25, 793, 171 
 
 24, 254, 366 
 
 168, 380, 062 
 
 196,717,671 
 
 151, 922, 503 
 
 46, 441, 775 
 
 63. WD, 370 
 
 14, 949, 500 
 
 12, 260, 500 
 
 2, 430, 000 
 
 260, 000 
 
 + 16,586 
 
 —1, 000, 000 
 
 1880. 
 
 Aggregat*. 
 
 $24, 247, 362 
 
 23, 036, .=;78 
 
 167. 042, SOS 
 
 189, 655, 58S 
 
 147, 719, 837 
 
 45, 777, 475 
 
 .59. 958. 600 
 
 16, leh, 50il 
 
 14, C40. .500 
 
 56.5, 000 
 
 320, 000 
 
 +15, 129 
 
 —1, 000, 000 
 
 707,681,962 1 705,622,504; 688,744,407 
 
 The amount of one and two dollar notes outstanding is but one-fourth 
 of one per cent, of the whole circulation of the banks; the fives consti- 
 tute 2G.0 per cent., the tens 34 per cent., the twenties 23.3 per cent.,
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 177 
 
 while the fifties and larger notes are only 15.G per cent, of the entire 
 circulation. While the amount of ones and twos of the national-bank 
 circulation is steadily diminishing, the legal-tender notes of these de- 
 nominations are as steadily increasing. 
 
 Of the entire amount of national-bank and legal-tender notes out- 
 standing, about 7.5 ])er cent, consists of one and two dollar notes; more 
 than 30.8 per cent, of ones, twos, and lives; more than 58.3 per cent, is 
 in notes of a less denomination than twenty dollais, while about 79.6 
 per cent, is in notes of a lower denomination than iil'ty dollar.^. Of the 
 entire issue about twenty per cent, is in denominations of fifties, one 
 hundreds, five hundreds, and one thousands. There are also outstand- 
 ing 479 legal-tender notes of the denomination of five thousand, and 
 23 notes of the denomination of ten thousand. 
 
 The following table* exhibits by denominations the circulation of the 
 Imperial Bank of Germany on January 1, 1882, in thalers and marks, 
 which are here converted into our currency : 
 
 Thalors. 
 
 Marks. 
 
 Number 
 of pieces. 
 
 Denoruiua- 
 
 tiODS. 
 
 Value of 
 each piece 
 in dollars. 
 
 Anionnt in 
 
 dollars 
 (Thaler= 
 75 cent«.) 
 
 Xiimborof 
 pieces. 
 
 Denomina- 
 tions. 
 
 Value of 
 c-vch piece 
 in dollars. 
 
 Amount in 
 dollars. 
 
 (Mark =25 
 cents.) 
 
 81 
 2,195 
 1, 682i 
 8, 621 
 
 500 thalers. 
 100 thalors. 
 
 50 thalers. 
 
 25 thalers. 
 
 10 thalers. 
 
 375 00 
 
 75 00 
 
 37 50 
 
 18 75 
 
 7 50 
 
 30, 375 
 164, 625 
 
 63. 094 
 101, 644 
 
 66. 993 
 
 207, 588 
 
 195, 642 
 
 4, 920, 300 
 
 1, 000 marks. 
 5li0 marks. 
 100 marks. 
 
 250 66, 897, 000 
 125 1 24, 455, 250 
 25 1 123, 007, 500 
 
 8, 932J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 21,512 
 
 
 
 486, 731 5 383. .S30 
 
 
 214, 359, 750 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The circulation of the Imperial Bank of Germany on January 1, 1881, 
 was $201,036,187, showing an increase during tlie following year of 
 $13,323,563; on January 1, 1879, the circulation was $105,933,94:2, show- 
 ing an increase during the three years preceding January 1, 1882, of 
 $48,425,808. 
 
 The following tablet gives the circulation of the Bank of Franco and 
 its branches, with the number of pieces, and the denominations in francs 
 and in dollars, on January 26, 1882: 
 
 ■Nnmber of pieces. 
 
 Denominations. 
 
 Value of each piece 
 in dollars. 
 
 Amount in francs. 
 
 Amount in dollars. 
 (rranc=20 cents.) 
 
 5 
 
 1,305,028 
 
 6p8, 400 
 
 2, 823 
 
 9, 626, 652 
 
 3, 464, 329 
 
 24,110 
 
 233, 845 
 
 182, 700 
 
 1,217 
 
 .">, 000 francs. 
 
 1, 000 fninoH. 
 
 .^OO francs. 
 
 200 francs. 
 
 lOi) francs. 
 
 50 francs. 
 
 25 francs. 
 
 2(1 francs. 
 
 5 francs. 
 
 Forms out of date. 
 
 1,000 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 40 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 25, 000 
 
 1, 365, 028, 000 
 
 314, 200. 000 
 
 .'■<64, 600 
 
 962, 665, 200 
 
 173,216,450 
 
 602, 750 
 
 4, 676, 900 
 
 913, .'.10 
 
 424, 2'. 6 
 
 5,000 
 
 273. 005. 600 
 
 08. 840, 000 
 
 irj,920 
 
 192, .533, 010 
 
 34. 643, 290 
 
 120, 5.-.0 
 
 935. 380 
 
 182, 700 
 
 84, 8,'>5 
 
 15, 589, 100 
 
 1 
 
 2. 852, 310, 675 
 
 670, 403, 335 
 
 1 
 
 The amountof (jirculation of the Bimlc of France on January 27, 1881, 
 was 2,524,081,780 francs, or say $504,810,356, showing an increase bo- 
 
 12 Al> 
 
 * London Banker's Majjazine, Augnst, 1882, p. 623. 
 \Jbid,, Suptcmbcr, p. 7'12..
 
 178 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 twcen that time and January 26, 1882, the date of the forefroing table, 
 of 328,23'1,895 francs, or $05,016,979, and since January 30, 1879, an in- 
 crease of 501,345,845 francs, or $112,209,169. 
 
 It will bo seen that the Imperial Bank of Germany has in cii(nilation 
 no notes of a less denomination than seven dollars and a half (ten 
 thalers), and issues none of less than twenty-five dollars (one hundred 
 marks); and that the Bank of France issues but little over a million 
 and a quarter of a less denomination than ten dollars. The Bank of 
 England issues no notes of less than £5, or twenty-five dollars, and the 
 Irish and Scotch banks none of less than £1, or five dollars. 
 
 REDEMPTION. 
 
 Since the passage of the act of June 20, 1874, section 3 of which re- 
 quires the banks at all times to keep on deposit in the Treasury 5 per 
 centum of their circulation as a redemption fund, that fund as a rule 
 has been maintained, and circulating notes of the banks have been 
 promptly redeemed at the Treasury, without expense to the government. 
 
 The following table exhibits the amount of national-bank notes re- 
 ceived for redemption monthly by the Comptroller of the Currency for 
 the year ending October 31, 1882, and the amount received for the same 
 period at the redemption agency of the Treasury, together with the 
 total amount received since the passage of the act of June 20, 1874: 
 
 
 Received by the Comptroller. 
 
 
 Months. 
 
 From national 
 banks for re- 
 issue or sur- 
 render. 
 
 From redemp- 
 tion afiency 
 for reissue. 
 
 2^otes of na- 
 tional banks 
 in liquida- 
 tion. 
 
 Under act 
 of June 20, 
 1874. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Received at 
 redemption 
 agency. 
 
 1881. 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 1882. 
 
 $20, 000 
 31, 500 
 
 18,010 
 84,500 
 84,610 
 58, 400 
 
 227, 450 
 44, G20 
 93, 350 
 95, 020 
 24. 500 
 
 100, 650 
 
 $3, 572, 200 
 
 3, 949, GOO 
 
 5, 003, 100 
 5, 187, 200 
 5, 567, 500 
 
 4, 747, 800 
 
 5, 862, 700 
 7, 138, 200 
 3, 967, 900 
 4, 100, 400 
 3, 340, 200 
 5, 549, 400 
 
 $201.03: 
 55,433 
 
 228, 603 
 253, 553 
 222, 584 
 169, 751 
 265, 364 
 486, 820 
 280 685 
 
 $1, 089, 555 
 754. 086 
 
 1, 442, 970 
 1,272,610 
 
 1, 498, 148 
 1, 045, 803 
 1, 807, 888 
 
 2, 065, 193 
 
 OS.T 7fi9 
 
 $4, 882, 846 
 4, 790, 649 
 
 6, 692, 6S3 
 
 6, 797, 863 
 
 7, 372, 842 
 6, 021. 814 
 8,163,402 
 9, 734, 833 
 
 $5. 034, 073 
 6, 484, 104 
 
 8 185 651 
 
 Febniary 
 
 6,345,210 
 6, 671, 918 
 7 248 503 
 
 
 May 
 
 9, 042, 611 
 8, 980, 367 
 7, 363, 382 
 6 ''96 071 
 
 June t.. 
 
 July 
 
 
 35l' 358 1, ioi] 440 1 5,' 948^ 218 
 148,6.58 1,181,773 | 4,701,131 
 210 745 1 575 185 i 7 435 980 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 .5, 640, 717 
 fi Rr.« ISO 
 
 
 1 ' ' 
 
 Total 
 
 Received from 
 June 20, 1874, to 
 October 31, 1881. 
 
 882, 610 
 13, 074, 089 
 
 67, 992, 200 
 429, 748, 255 
 
 2, 874, 675 16, 120, 473 j 77, 869, 958 84, 150, 789 
 17, 695, 793 83, 605, 213 ' 544, 123, 350 , 1, 100, 523, 263 
 
 Grand total.. 
 
 13, 956, 699 
 
 487, 740, 455 
 
 20, 570, 468 99, 725, 686 ; 621, 993, 308 1, 184, 674, 053 
 
 j 
 
 Trom the passage of the act of June 20, 1874, to November I, 
 1882, there was received at the redemption agency of the Treasury 
 $1,184,074,058 of national-bank currency for redemption. During the 
 year there was received $84,150,789, of which amount $30,577,000, or 
 about 30.3 per cent., was received from banks in the city of Now York, 
 and $8,706,000, or about 10.4 per cent., from banks in the city of Boston. 
 The amount received from Philadelphia was 80,412,000 ; from Chicago, 
 $4,465,000; Providence, $1,532,(K)0 ; Baltimore, $1,102,000; Cincinnati, 
 $1,430,000; Saint Louis, $1,201,000; Pittsburgh, $929,000. The amount 
 of notes fit for circulation returned by the redemption agency to the
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 170 
 
 banks of issue during the year was $4,017,100. The decrease in this 
 class of notes has been very marked in the past five years, the amount 
 for the year ending October 31, 1878, having been $151,083,200, or 75.4: 
 per cent, of the whole amount received, and for the year only 4.7 per 
 cent. 
 
 The total amount received by the Comptroller of the Currenoy for 
 destruction from the agency and from national banks direct was 
 $74,995,283. Of this ajnount'$5,820,140 were the issues of banks in the 
 city of Xew York, $7,287,443 of Boston, $3,104,471 of Philadelphia, 
 $2,359,092 of Providence, $1,170,578 of Baltimore, $1,475,002 of Pitts- 
 burgh, $598,100of Cincinnati, $580,274 of Louisville, $204,530 of Chicago, 
 $159,400 of Saint Louis, $404,909 of New Orleans, and of each of the 
 other principal cities less than $400,000. 
 
 The following table exhibits the number and amount of national-bank 
 notes, of each denomination, which have been issued and redeemed 
 since the organization of the system, and the number and amount out- 
 standing on November 1, 1882 : 
 
 Number. 
 
 DeDOininations. 
 
 Issued. 
 
 Sedeemed. 
 
 Outstand- 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Issued. 
 
 Redeemed. 0"<f»fnd. 
 
 Ones 
 
 Twos 
 
 Fives 
 
 Tens 
 
 Twenties 
 
 Fifties 
 
 One hundreds 
 
 Five hundreds 
 
 One thousands 
 
 Portions of notes lost or 
 destroyed 
 
 I 23, 167, 677 
 
 7,747,519 
 
 78, 007, 424 
 
 32, 042, 260 
 
 9, 751,7^4 
 
 1, 453, 324 
 
 1,035,118 
 
 22,787 
 
 7,187 
 
 22, 353, 
 
 7, CM, 
 
 50,313, 
 
 19, 770, 
 
 5,551, 
 
 980, 
 
 719, 
 
 20, 
 
 6, 
 
 Total 153,925,080 ,116,401,073 
 
 813, 800 
 
 63, 379 
 
 19, 384, 191 
 
 12, 271, 326 
 
 4, 2U0, 077 
 
 473, 142 
 
 315, 988 
 
 1,907 
 
 197 
 
 $23, 167, 677 
 
 15,495,038 
 
 393, 487, 120 
 
 320, 422, 6()0 
 
 195,035,680 
 
 72,666,2(10 
 
 103,511,800 
 
 11, 393, 500 
 
 7, 187, 000 
 
 $22, 353, 877 
 
 15, 308, 280 
 
 296, 506, 165 
 
 197, 7(19, 340 
 
 111,034,140 
 
 49, 0o9, 100 
 
 71,913,000 
 
 10, 440, 000 
 
 6, 990, 000 
 
 -18,233 
 
 $«13, 800 
 
 126. 758 
 
 9G, 920, 955 
 
 122, 713, 2f,0 
 
 64,001,540 
 
 23, 857, 100 
 
 31, 5'.i«, 8l)0 
 
 95;i, 500 
 
 197, 000 
 
 + 18,233 
 
 37, 524, 007 11, 142, 366, 615 ,781, 365, 668 ■ 301, 000. 947 
 
 A table showing the number and denomination of national-bank 
 notes issued and redeemed, and the number of each denomination out- 
 standing on October 31 for the last fourteen years will be found in tho 
 A])pendix. 
 
 The following table shows the amount of national-bank notes received 
 at this oflice and destroyed yearly since the establishment of the system: 
 
 Prior to November 1, 18(55 $17.'>, 490 
 
 Diuiiip the year ending October 31, 1866 1 , O.'.O, 382 
 
 Dnring the year ending October 31, 1807 3,401,423 
 
 During the year ending October 31, IKiS 4 , (j(»2, ft'*J."> 
 
 Dnring the year ending October 31, lb(30 H, (1(I3, 7'29 
 
 During tho year ending October 31, 1870 14,305, G.S9 
 
 During tiie year ending October 31, 1871 .' -M, 344, 047 
 
 During llie year en<ling October :U, li^7'2 3O,\»ll,7'J0 
 
 During the year ending October 31, 1.^73 3(), 433, 171 
 
 During tlie year ending Octoljer 31, 1874 4'.M):!L>,741 
 
 During the year ending October 31, 187;') 137, t)L>7, «il»6 
 
 During the year ending October 31, 1.-S7G 1)8, t>7;i, 71() 
 
 During the year ending October 31, 1877 7ti, 'J18, 963 
 
 During tho year ending October 31, 1H78 57, :{81,i»49 
 
 During tlio year ending Octobir 31, 1879 41, l(tl,8:!0 
 
 Dnring the year ending Ocfolicr 31, IssO :^,^, .'">:(".), CitlO 
 
 During the year ending October 31, IHHl 54,941, 130 
 
 During the year ending October 31, L-^-^ 74,ltl7,()ll 
 
 Additional amount of notes of national bauk-s in li(iuidation 31, 1'Ji), .V.MI 
 
 Total 781,425,608
 
 180 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 RESERVE. 
 
 The following table cxliibits the amount of net rlepositfi, and the re- 
 serve required thereon l)y the act of June 20, 1874, together with the 
 amount and classification of reserve held by the national banks in New 
 York City, in the other reserve cities, and by the remaining banks, at 
 the dates of their reports in October of each year from 1875 to 1882: 
 
 NEW YOKK CITY. 
 
 
 Nnm- 
 ber of 
 banks. 
 
 Net <\e- 
 posits. 
 
 Reaerve 
 required. 
 
 Reserve held. 
 
 Classification of reserve. 
 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Ratio to 
 deposits. 
 
 Specie. 
 
 Other law- 
 ful money. 
 
 Due from! Redemp- 
 agents. ,tion fund. 
 
 October 1, 1875. 
 
 48 
 47 
 47 
 47 
 47 
 47 
 48 
 50 
 
 Minions. 
 202.3 
 197.9 
 174.9 
 189.8 
 210.2 
 268.1 
 268. 8 
 254.0 
 
 Milliom. 
 
 50.6 
 49.5 
 43.7 
 47.4 
 52.6 
 67.0 
 67.2 
 63.5 
 
 Millions. 
 60.5 
 60.7 
 48.1 
 50.9 
 53.1 
 70.6 
 62.5 
 64.4 
 
 Per cent. 
 29.9 
 30.7 
 27.5 
 26.8 
 25.3 
 26.4 
 23.3 
 25.4 
 
 Millions. 
 5.0 
 14.6 
 13.0 
 13.3 
 19.4 
 58.7 
 50.6 
 44.5 
 
 Mitliont. 
 54.4 
 45.3 
 .34.3 
 36.5 
 32.6 
 11.0 
 10.0 
 18.9 
 
 Millions. 
 
 Minions. 
 1 1 
 
 October 2, 1876. 
 October 1, 1877. 
 October 1, 1878. 
 
 
 0.8 
 0.8 
 1. 1 
 
 Octoli6r2, 1879. 
 October 1, 1880. 
 
 
 1.1 
 9 
 
 October 1, 1881 . 
 
 
 1 
 
 Octobers, 1882. 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 
 
 
 OTHER RESERVE CITIES. 
 
 October 1, 1875. 
 
 188 
 
 223.9 
 
 56.0 
 
 74.5 
 
 33.3 
 
 1.5 
 
 37.1 
 
 32.3 
 
 3.6 
 
 October 2, 1876. 
 
 189 
 
 217.0 
 
 54.2 
 
 76.1 
 
 35.1 
 
 4.0 
 
 37.1 
 
 32.0 
 
 3.0 
 
 October 1, 1877. 
 
 188 
 
 204.1 
 
 51.0 
 
 67.3 
 
 33.0 
 
 5.6 
 
 34.3 
 
 24.4 
 
 3.0 
 
 October 1, 1878. 
 
 184 
 
 199.9 
 
 .50.0 
 
 71.1 
 
 35.6 
 
 9.4 
 
 29.4 
 
 29.1 
 
 3.2 
 
 October 2, 1879. 
 
 181 
 
 228.8 
 
 57.2 
 
 83.5 
 
 36.5 
 
 11.3 
 
 33.0 
 
 35.7 
 
 3.5 
 
 October 1, 1880. 
 
 184 
 
 289.4 
 
 72.4 
 
 105.2 
 
 36.3 
 
 28.3 
 
 25.0 
 
 48.2 
 
 3.7 
 
 October 1, 1881. 
 
 189 
 
 335.4 
 
 83.9 
 
 100.8 
 
 30.0 
 
 34.6 
 
 21.9 
 
 40.6 
 
 3.7 
 
 October 3, 1882 
 
 193 
 
 318.8 
 
 79.7 
 
 89.1 
 
 28.0 
 
 28.3 
 
 24.1 
 
 33.2 
 
 3.3 
 
 STATES AND TERRITORIES. 
 
 October 1, 1875. 
 
 1,851 
 
 307.9 
 
 46.3 
 
 100.1 
 
 32.5 
 
 1.6 
 
 33.7 
 
 53.3 
 
 11.5 
 
 October 2, 1876. 
 
 1,853 
 
 301.7 
 
 43.8 
 
 99.9 
 
 34.3 
 
 2.7 
 
 31.0 
 
 65.4 
 
 10.8 
 
 October 1, 1877. 
 
 1,845 
 
 290.1 
 
 43.6 
 
 9.5.4 
 
 32.9 
 
 4.2 
 
 31.6 
 
 48.9 
 
 10.7 
 
 October 1, 1878. 
 
 1,822 
 
 289.1 
 
 43.4 
 
 lOG. 1 
 
 36.7 
 
 8.0 
 
 31.1 
 
 56.0 
 
 11.0 
 
 October 2, 1879. 
 
 1,820 
 
 329.9 
 
 49.5 
 
 124.3 
 
 37.7 
 
 11.5 
 
 30.3 
 
 71.3 
 
 11.2 
 
 October 1,1880. 
 
 1,859 
 
 410.5 
 
 61.6 
 
 147.2 
 
 35.8 
 
 21.2 
 
 28.3 
 
 86.4 
 
 11.3 
 
 October 1, 1881 . 
 
 1, 895 
 
 507.2 
 
 76.1 
 
 158. 3 
 
 31.2 
 
 27.5 
 
 27.1 
 
 92.4 
 
 11.4 
 
 Octobers, 1882. 
 
 2, 026 
 
 545.8 
 
 81.9 
 
 150.4 
 
 27.5 
 
 30.0 
 
 30.0 
 
 80.1 
 
 11.3 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 October 1, 1875 
 October 2, 1876. 
 October 1, 1877. 
 October 1, 1878 
 October 2, 1879. 
 October 1, 1880 
 October 1, 1881. 
 Octobers, 1882. 
 
 2,087 
 
 734.1 
 
 152.2 
 
 235.1 
 
 32.0 
 
 8.1 
 
 2,089 
 
 706.6 
 
 147.5 
 
 236.7 
 
 3.3.5 
 
 21.3 
 
 2, 080 
 
 669.1 
 
 138.3 
 
 210.8 
 
 31.5 
 
 22.8 
 
 2,053 
 
 G78. 8 
 
 140.8 
 
 228. 1 
 
 33.6 
 
 30.7 
 
 2, 018 
 
 768. 9 
 
 159. 3 
 
 260.9 
 
 33.9 
 
 42.2 
 
 2,090 
 
 968.0 
 
 201.0 
 
 323. 
 
 33.4 
 
 108.2 
 
 2,132 
 
 1,111.6 
 
 227. 2 
 
 321. 6 
 
 28.9 
 
 112.7 
 
 2, 269 
 
 1, 118. 6 
 
 225.1 
 
 303.9 
 
 27.2 
 
 102.8 
 
 25.2 
 
 8.5.6 
 
 1.3.4 
 
 87.4 
 
 00.2 
 
 73.3 
 
 97.0 
 
 85.1 
 
 95.9 
 
 107,0 
 
 64.3 
 
 134.6 
 
 59.9 
 
 133.0 
 
 72.0 
 
 113.3 
 
 16.2 
 14.6 
 14.5 
 15.3 
 15.8 
 15.9 
 16.1 
 15.8 
 
 The following table, compiled from returns made to the clearing-house 
 by the national banks in New York City, exhibits the movement of their 
 reserve, weekly, during October, for the last seven years :
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 181 
 
 Week en dins- 
 
 October 7,1876. 
 October 14, 1876 
 October 21, 1876 
 October 28, 1876 
 October 6,1877 
 October 13, 1877 
 October 20, 1877 
 October 27, 1877 
 October 5,1878 
 October 12, 1878 
 October 19, 1878 
 October 26, 1878 
 October 4,1879 
 October 11, 1879 
 October 18, 1870 
 October 25, 1879 
 October 2, 1880 
 October 9, 1880 
 October 16, 1880 
 October 23, 1880 
 October 30, 1880 
 October 1,1881 
 October 8,1881 
 October 15, 1881 
 October 22, 1881 
 October 29, 1881 
 October 7,1882 
 October 4,1882 
 October 21, 1882 
 October 28, 1882 
 
 Specie. 
 
 17, 682, 600 
 16, 233, 600 
 15,577,500 
 14,011,600 
 14, 665, 600 
 14, 726, 500 
 
 14, 087, 400 
 
 15, 209, 000 
 14, 995. 800 
 12, 184, 600 
 13,531,400 
 
 17, 384, 200 
 
 18, 979, 600 
 20, 901, 800 
 
 24, 680, 500 
 
 25, 630, 000 
 
 50, 823, 700 
 62,521,300 
 62, 760, 600 
 60, 888, 200 
 61,471,600 
 54, 954, 600 
 
 53, 287, 900 
 
 51, 008, 300 
 
 54, 016, 200 
 
 55, 901, 200 
 
 47. 016, 000 
 
 48, 281, 000 
 49, 518, 200 
 48, 374, 200 
 
 Legal tend- 
 ers. 
 
 45, .W5, 600 
 43, 004, 600 
 41.421,700 
 41,645.600 
 36, 168, 300 
 35, 178. 900 
 35,101,700 
 
 34, 367, 800 
 38, 304, 900 
 37, 685, 100 
 36, 576, 000 
 
 35, 690, 500 
 34, 368, 000 
 32, 820, 300 
 29, 305, 200 
 26, 713. 900 
 11, 129. 100 
 10, 785, 000 
 10, 939, 200 
 10, 988, 200 
 10, 925, 000 
 12, 150, 400 
 12. 153, 800 
 12, 452, 700 
 12, 496, 500 
 12, 947, 900 
 18, 384, 500 
 18, 002, 700 
 17, 023. 900 
 17, 204, 700 
 
 Ratio of reserve to- 
 
 I 
 
 Total 
 
 63.218,200 
 59, 238. 200 
 56. 999, 200 
 55, 657, 200 
 50, 833, 900 
 49, 905, 400 
 49, 189, 100 
 49, 576, 800 
 53, 300, 700 
 49, 869, 700 
 50, 107, 400 
 53, 074, 700 
 53, 347. 600 
 53, 722. 100 
 53. 991, 700 
 52, 349, 900 
 70. 952, 800 
 73, 306, 300 
 73, 699, 800 
 71,876,400 
 72, 396, 600 
 67, 105, 000 
 
 65, 441, 700 
 63, 461. 000 
 
 66, 512, 700 
 68, 909, 100 
 65, 400, 500 
 66, 283, 700 
 66.542,100 
 65. 578, 900 
 
 Circula- | 
 
 tiun and | Deposits. 
 
 deposits. 
 
 Percent 
 30.5 
 28.8 
 27.8 
 28.0 
 27.0 
 26.7 
 26.5 
 26.8 
 25.7 
 24.4 
 24.7 
 25.8 
 23.3 
 23.4 
 23.5 
 23.0 
 25.4 
 25.4 
 25.5 
 24.0 
 25.0 
 23.1 
 23.1 
 23.2 
 24.6 
 25.6 
 24.0 
 24.7 
 25.0 
 24.8 
 
 Percent 
 32.4 
 31.1 
 30.0 
 30.3 
 29.5 
 29.2 
 29.0 
 29.4 
 28.4 
 27.0 
 27.3 
 28.5 
 25.8 
 25.9 
 26.1 
 25.5 
 26.4 
 27.2 
 27.1 
 26.6 
 26.7 
 24.8 
 24.9 
 25.0 
 26.6 
 27.4 
 26.8 
 26.6 
 26.8 
 26.5 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Tables will be found in the appendix, exhibiting the re.serve of the 
 national banks as shown by their reports, from October 2, 1874, to Octo- 
 ber 3, 1882; the reserve by States and principal cities for October 3, 1882 ; 
 and in the States and Territories, in New York City, and in the other 
 reserve cities, separately, at three dates in each year, from 1878 to 1882. 
 
 Special attention is called to the synopsis of judicial decisions, to 
 the numerous and carefully prepared tables in both report and appen- 
 dix, and to the index of subjects and list of tables to be found at the 
 close of the appendix. At the end of the full volume of more than 
 seven hundred pages, which contains separate statements of 2,2G9 na- 
 tional banks as returned by them for October 3, is an alphabetical list of 
 the cities and villages in which the national banks are situated. 
 
 In concluding this report the Comptroller gratefully acknowledges the 
 efficiency of the officers and clerks associated with him in the discharge 
 of official duties. 
 
 JOHN JAY KJSrOX, 
 Comptroller of the Currency. 
 
 Hon. Joseph W. Keifer, 
 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives,
 
 182 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 EEPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE MINT. 
 
 Treasury Department, 
 
 Bureau of the Mint, 
 
 October 12, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I bave the honor to submit iny fourth, tlie tenth annual report 
 of the Director of the Mint since the organization of tliis Bureau, show- 
 ing the operations of the mints and assay offices of the United States 
 during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 The receipts of foreign coin and bullion declined, aiul at the close of 
 the year had almost entirely ceased, yet a large amount of bullion was 
 deposited for parting and refining, and the mints were fully occupied 
 in coining the silver pnrchased for that purpose, and the large amount 
 of gold i)reviously received from foreign countries as well as that pro- 
 duced during the year by the mines of the United States. 
 
 The import of gold continued to exceed its export during the first 
 half of the fiscal year, at the close of which the excess amounted to 
 $30,100,230. In the latter part of the year the movement was reversed 
 and the excess of the exports over the gold imijorts was $28,311,047, 
 reducing the net gain during the whole of the fiscal year to $1,789,183. 
 
 DEPOSITS AND PURCHASES. « 
 
 The deposits of bullion and coin, exclusive of redeposits, were, of gold, 
 $GG.75G,C52.95, and of silver, including purchases, $33,720,491.42, mak- 
 ing' a total of $100,477,144.37; of which $57,993,080.03 of gold and 
 $1,787,385.07 of silver were again deposited, making the total amount 
 receive<l and operated upon daring the year at all the mints and assay 
 offices $124,749,738.98 of gold and $35',507,877.09 of silver, a total of 
 $100,257,010.07; 
 
 The de])osits of domestic production were, gold, $31,298,511.97. and 
 silver, $30,950,588.18, a total of $02,255,100.15; of foreign coin and hull- 
 ion, gold, $33,088,017.82, and of silver, $2.287,403.17 ; of United States 
 coin, gold, $599,350.80, of silver, $127,572.40, a total of $720,929.20, and 
 of jewelry, plate, &c., gold, $1,770,100.30; silver, $348,807.07. 
 
 COINAGE. 
 
 The gold coinage of the mints during both the fiscal and calendar 
 
 .year was greater than that of any i)revious year in their history; being 
 
 for the latter nearly eleven millions greater than the gold coinage of 
 
 the fiscal year 1881, and nearly twenty-vseven millions in excess of the 
 
 heavy coinage in 1851 of $02,014,492.50. 
 
 At the commencement of the fiscal year the coinage mints and New 
 York assay office held of uncoined gold bullion $80,548,090.90, and at the 
 close of the vear there remained $53,700,225.57, the amount on haiul 
 having been reduced $32,848,471.39. With this and $00,756,052.95 gold 
 deposited during the year there were coiued 11,200,003 pieces of gold 
 of the value of $89,413,447.50, the balance having been paid to dejjositors
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 183 
 
 in fine bars and accounted for in tlie wastage of tlio, o])erative officers 
 and tlie loss on sale of sweeps. About five-sixtlis (s(;5,0(H),()00) of the 
 total gold coinafre was in eagles and half eagles. The coinage of double 
 eagles being $14,503,020; of eagles, 844,300,4:10, and of half eagles, 
 $30,473,055. 
 
 The gold coinage of the Philadelphia Mint was nearly all in eagles 
 antl iialf eagles, the value of the former being 830,700,050 and of the 
 latter *22,071,725. 
 
 At the San Francisco ]\Iint little over half of the coinage was in 
 eagles and half eagles, the denominations coined being, double tuigles. 
 $14,200,000 ; eagles, 87,400,000; half eagles, 87,250,000. Coinage at the 
 San Fiancisco ^lint of a portion of the bullion belonging to the L'nited 
 States into denominations of §20 has been permitted because of the 
 greater demavid for large coins on the Pacific coast, where the large ex- 
 changes and settlements are generally ellected by the actual use of gold, 
 and less pai)er is employed for the purpose than in other portions of the 
 countiy. 
 
 The silver coinage amounted to $27,783,388.75, of which $27,772,075 
 were silver dollars and $11,313.75 were proof silver coins of other de- 
 nominations. 
 
 The total number of pieces struck during the year, and their value, were 
 as follows : 
 
 
 Pieces. 
 
 Value. 
 
 '^old „ 
 
 11,2C6,003 
 27,821,300 
 4C, SG5, 725 
 
 $89, 413, 447 50 
 27, 783, 388 7."i 
 
 
 (144,757 75 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 85, <J5;i, 028 
 
 117, 841, 594 00 
 
 
 
 The coinage of gold, silver, and minor coins executed during the cal- 
 endar year 1881 compares with the liscal year 1881-82 as follows: 
 
 
 Calendar year 
 1881. 
 
 Fiscal rear 
 1882. 
 
 r.oid 
 
 $96, 8.50, 890 00 ! $89. 413, 447 50 
 27, 939, 203 75 ', 27, 783, 388 75 
 
 Silver 
 
 Total I 124,700,093.75 ' 117,190,830 25 
 
 ilinor ' 428,151 75 044, 7;.7 75 
 
 Total coinage ' 125,218,245,50 i 117,841,594 uO 
 
 The sto(,'k of ocent nickel coins in the Treasury having become de- 
 pleted, and there being a demand for such coin, the Secretary of the 
 Treasury, on the 12th day of November, 1881, directed that the coinage 
 of 5-ceiit nickels be resumed, and that the coi)per and nickel cents 
 issued under acts in force prior to the j)assage of the Coinage Act of 
 LS73, held in the custody of the superintendent of the mint at I'hila- 
 delpliia for the Treasurer of the United States, should be recoined into 
 5-cent nickel ])ieces, of which 4,400,775 pieces, of a value of $220,038.75, 
 were struck during the year. This recoinage has occasioned no loss, 
 but on the contrary has resulted in a large profit.
 
 184 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 BARS. 
 
 Gold bars were manufactured during the year to the value of 
 $37,505,120.04. At the New York Assay Office, line bars of tlie value 
 of $12,147,074.00 were prepared for depositors, and bars of stand- 
 ard lineness of the value of $23,730,078,18 were made for shipment to 
 the Philadelphia Mint for coinage. Fine silver bars of the value of 
 $7,760,808.15 were maaiufactured I'or depositors, principally at the New 
 York Assay Office. 
 
 The total A^alue of fine, standard, and unparted silver bars manu- 
 factured at all the mints and assay offices was $8,120,202.04, and the 
 total value of both gold and silver bars $45,034,322.08. 
 
 BARS EXCHANGED FOR COIN. 
 
 The act, approved on the 26th of May last, authorizing the receipt of 
 United States gold coin in exchange for gold bars has been found, as 
 was anticipated, advantageous to the government. Under its provisions, 
 during the month of June, gold bullion to the value of $2,607,100.15, in 
 the form of fine bars suitable for ex]»ort, was exchanged at the New 
 York Assaj^ Office for gold coin, saving to the government the expense 
 of its coinage, as well as of transporting it to Philadelphia and of the 
 resulting coin back to New York. During the months of July, August, 
 and September there was a further exchange of gold bullion' for coin 
 to the amount of $3,800,833.01, a total of $0,588,000.06 since the passage 
 of the law and up to October 1.' 
 
 PARTING AND REFINING. 
 
 The deposits of bullion for parting and refining were about one mill- 
 ion of gross ounces more than in the previous year, resulting chiefly 
 from increased receipts for that i^urpose at thp New York Assay Office. 
 
 The following table shows the gross ounces of bullion sent to the acid 
 refineries of the coinage mints and the New York Assay Office, and the 
 ounces of standard gold and silver received : 
 
 OUNCES. 
 
 Mint or assay office. 
 
 Gross. 
 
 Standard gold. 
 
 Standard ailver. 
 
 Pliiladelphia 
 
 362, 846. 46 
 6, 322, 638. 28 
 
 621, 555. 00 
 
 8, 536. 38 
 
 5, 139, 768. 00 
 
 101, 008. 620 
 483, 677. 714 
 4.5.462.630 
 5, 905. 203 
 563, 926. 000 
 
 246, 343. 69 
 
 
 5, 680, 334. 17 
 
 
 626, 378. 10 
 
 New ( )rloiin8 
 
 1, 425. 57 
 
 New York 
 
 4, 424, 682. 00 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 12, 455, 344. 12 
 
 1, 199, 980. 166 
 
 10, 979, 163. 59 
 
 
 
 VALUE. 
 
 Mint or assay office. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Silrer. 
 
 Total. 
 
 riiiladelphia 
 
 $1,879,230 14 
 
 8, 998, 655 14 
 
 845, 816 37 
 
 109,864 13 
 
 10,491,646 51 
 
 22, 325, 212 29 
 
 $286, 054 47 
 6, 609, 843 39 
 
 , 728, 876 40 
 
 1, 058 84 
 
 5, 148, 720 84 
 
 12, 775, 753 94 
 
 $2, 165, 884 Gl 
 
 
 15, 608, 498 53 
 
 Carson 
 
 1, 574, 692 77 
 
 New Orleans ... 
 
 111,522 97 
 
 New Yoi'k 
 
 15, 640, 307 35 
 
 Total 
 
 35, 100, 960 23
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 185 
 
 DIES AND aiEDALS. 
 
 Of tlie dies executed at the Philadelphia Mint, 410 were prepared to 
 be used iu striking gold coins, 2G0 for silver, 507 for minor and 30 for 
 proof coins, and 28 for the striking of medals ; a total of 1,295. 
 
 :Medals were made and sold to the number of, iu fine gold, 876 ; silver, 
 4,522 ; bronze, 803 j a total of 6,201 ; and proof-sets, of gold, 34 ; silver, 
 1,112. 
 
 SILVER PURCHASES. 
 
 The silver bullion purchased for coinage, on hand in the coinage mints 
 at the commencement of the tiscal year, amounted to 3,145,014.83 ounces, 
 costing $3,191,092.25. 
 
 There were purchased during the year, including partings and bullion 
 received in payment of charge.^, 23,405,452.39 ounces, costing 823,075,- 
 105.22. Of this amount 23,875,720.37 ounces of standard silver bullion, 
 costing $24,342,501.00, were used in coining standard silver dollars and 
 subsidiary proof coins, and 31,524.25 ounces were wasted and sold iu 
 sweeps, costing $31,992.83, leaving of purchased silver at the close of 
 the year 2,703,222.00 ounces of standard fineness, costing $2,791,703.04. 
 
 The average monthly coinage was 1,988,885.50 ounces of standard fine- 
 ness, at an average cost of $2,027,777.04. 
 
 In addition to the purchases at the mints, 101,776.98 standard ounces 
 were obtained at the New York Assay Office, at $1 per standard ounce, 
 iu payment of charges, making the total receipts of silver by purchase 
 during the year as folloM^s : 
 
 SILVER BULLION PURCHASES, 1882. 
 
 Mint or assay olSce at 
 •which delivered. 
 
 Philadelphia.. 
 San Francisco. 
 New Orleans.. 
 Carson City... 
 New York 
 
 Total. 
 
 Purchases. 
 
 Standard 
 ounces. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 9,230,104.10 $9,453,878 82 
 
 8, 722, 938. 8!) 8, 889, 7(!4 83 
 
 4, 51(i, 965. 37 4, C-:!C, 194 29 
 
 S59, 709. 12 875, 600 78 
 
 Partings and re- 
 ceived for charges. 
 
 Standard 
 ounces. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 32, 818. G8 $.32, 804 33 
 
 92, 903. 37 j 92, 903 37 
 
 1,391.471 1,39147 
 
 2,.%1.33[ 2, ."SOI 33 
 
 161, 770. 98 101, 770 98 
 
 Total purchased. 
 
 Standard 
 ounces. 
 
 Cost 
 
 9,208.922.84 $9,480,683 15 
 
 8, X15, 902. 20! 8. 9fi2, 728 20 
 
 4, 518, 356. 84 4, 027, 585 76 
 
 862, 270. 45 878, 108 11 
 
 161, 776. 98 161, 770 98 
 
 23, 335, 717. 54, 23, 845, 444 72|291, 5U. 83 291, 497 48! 23, 627, 229. 37J 24, 130, 942 20 
 
 In the weekly purchases it has been the purpose to obtain not less 
 than $2,000,000 worth of silver bullion for each mouth. 
 
 Where this has not been the case, it was either on account of the failure 
 of sellers of silver to deliver their bullion promptly during the month iu 
 which it was purcliased, or from the fact that sufficient silver was not 
 offered at rates not exceeding the market ])rice. The table of purchases 
 during the year show.^, Iiowever, a monthly ik'Hvery and coinage averag- 
 ing over $2,000,000 worth of silver bullion, and a compliance with the 
 provisions of the law as fur as jiracticable. 
 
 The average price paid during the year for silver bullion was $1.02.15 
 per ounce standard. The average London (luotation for silver bullion 
 of British standard was 51{;; pence per ounce, equivalent at the par ol 
 exchange to $1.13.023 jier ounce fine, or $1.02.20 per ounce standard. 
 The New York selling |)rice of silver during the year was $1.13.799 per 
 ounce fine, or $1.02.419 per ounce standard. No oilers of silver were
 
 186 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 acooi^ted or purchases made at rates in excess of the equivalent of the 
 Loudon i)rice on the date of purchase. 
 
 Tlic dithcultios heretofore experienced in supplying the ]!!Tew Orleans 
 INIiut with silver at market rates liave been overcome, and i)urcliases of 
 silver bullion are now niatlo for delivery at that mint at rates little, if 
 any, in (excess of the price paid for delivery at the Philadelphia Mint. 
 It was therefore deemed expedient to keep the New Orleans Mint well 
 supplied with silver bullion and employed in the coinaj;e of silver dol- 
 lars. This enabled the Philadelphia jyint to meet the requirements of 
 the Treasury and of the public for gold and minor coins, and relieved 
 it from th<) necessity of increasing its silver coinage when the high prices 
 asked for silver bullion at San Francisco prevented the mint at that 
 place from obtaining a supply. 
 
 The Secretary of the Treasury, on the 30th of January, 1882, author- 
 ized the sui)eriuteudents of the coinage mints to purchase mutilated and 
 uucurrent silver coin when delivered in sums of $3 and upwards and 
 to pay, without previous melt or assay, at the rate of $1 per ounce of 
 silver of standard fineness contained, the coins so purchased to be used 
 in the coinage of the standard silver dollars. The mutilated and uucur- 
 rent silver coin presented in sums of $3 and upward, from the 1st of 
 Februarv to June 30, 1882, have amounted, as nearly as can be ascer- 
 tained, to about $29,000. 
 
 The assay ers in charge of the United States mint at Denver and of 
 the assay offices at Helena, Charlotte, Boise, and Saint Louis were au- 
 thorized, under date of February 7, 1882, to purchase the silver taken 
 for assay of silver bullion deposited for unparted bars and to pay for 
 the same in coin at the rate of $1 per ounce of standard silver, and the 
 bullion thus purchased to be transmitted by them, with other bullion, 
 to the coinage mints, to be used in the coinage of the standard silver 
 dollars. 
 
 The profits on the silver bullion coined during the year and credited 
 to the silver profit fund amounted to $3,440,887.15. Of this sum 
 $3,438,829.41 were profits on the coinage of standard silver dollars, and 
 the remainder, $2,057.74, were profits on the fractional silver coined. 
 
 Fractional silver coins of the nominal value of $11,313.75 were struck 
 at the Philadelphia Mint by the superintendent's orders, to enable him 
 to supply numismatists and others desiring to keep up complete collec- 
 tions of the coinage. 
 
 Of the profits on the coinage of silver $2,554,729.33 were deposited 
 in the Treasury during the year, together with $1,101,045.43 standing 
 to the credit of that account at the commencement of the year; $04,026.11 
 were paid for transportation, and $15,055.99 for wastage and loss" on sale 
 of sweeps, leaving a balance to the credit of the silver profit fund in 
 the mints, on June 30, 1882. of $807,075.72, which sum has since been 
 deposited in the Treasury. 
 
 DISTRIBUTION. 
 
 The following statement exhibits the balance on hand June 30, ISSl, 
 coinage and distribution of silver dollars at each mint, being comi)iled 
 from statements made to this Bureau, from which it will be seen that 
 the amount distributed during the year from the mints aggregates 
 $15,747,403 :
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 187 
 
 J MOUNT of SILVER DOLLARS REPORTED by the COINAGE MINTS on HAND 
 June 30, 1881, COINED durituj the year and on HAND at the CLOSE of the FISCAL 
 TEAR ended June 30, 188i. 
 
 Period. 
 
 Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 San Fran- 
 cisco. 
 
 Carson. 
 
 New Or- 
 leans. 
 
 Total. 
 
 On band June 30, 1881 . 
 Cuiuiige liHcal year 1682 
 
 Total 
 
 In mints June 30, li>62. . 
 
 Distributed 
 
 $1,250,802 $15,941,135 $1, OfiO, 991 
 
 11,051,075 11,000,000 
 
 12,301,877 
 4, 248, 069 
 
 8, 053, 808 
 
 2ti, 941,135 
 25, 114, 407 
 
 1, 820, 728 
 
 763, 000 
 
 $5, 088, 132 
 4, 958, 000 
 
 $23, 341, OCO 
 27, 772. 075 
 
 1, 823, 991 
 1, 200, 901 
 
 10,040.132 
 4, 742, 295 
 
 51, 113, 135 
 35, 365, 072 
 
 5C:i, 090 
 
 5, 303, 837 
 
 15, 747, 4C3 
 
 Of the $27,772,075 coined during the year, $12,025,783 had not at the 
 close of the year been called for or moved from the mints, and of the 
 total standard dollar coinage there were still in the mints $35,o(>5,G72. 
 
 From the monthly statement of assets and liabilities the following 
 table exhibits the coinage, movement and circulation, by periods of six 
 months each, from July 1, 1882, to October 1, 1882: 
 
 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT of the COINAGE, MOVEMENT and CIRCULATION 
 of STANDARD SILVER DOLLARS at the end of each six months from July I, 1881, 
 to July 1, 188'.i, and for the three vionths ending September 30, 1882. 
 
 Period. 
 
 Total coin- 
 age. 
 
 In the Treasury. 
 
 « 2 
 
 I 
 
 p,cs 
 
 a-i.5 
 
 July 1, 1881 $91,372,705 $39,110,729 
 
 January 1, 1882 ,105,380,980 i 62,315.320 
 
 July 1, 1882 '119, 144, 7hO 54,506,090 
 
 ■October 1 , 1882 : 120, 029, 880 03, 205, 780 
 
 $23, 433, 993 $62, 544, 722 
 
 7, 274, 617 I 69, 5ii9, 937 
 
 32, (VJ7, 726 I 87, 1.13, 816 
 
 29, 022, 869 I 92, 228, 649 
 
 $28, 827, 983 
 35, 791, 043 
 31, 980. 964 
 34,007,011 
 
 The amount of silver dollars put into circulation from the Xew Or- 
 leans Mint exceeded the (coinage of the year at that mint about $400,000, 
 while at tiie IMiihidclphia Mint it was $3,000,000 les.s, at the San Fran- 
 cisco Mint over $9,000,000 less, and at the Carson Mint $200,000 less 
 than the yearly coinage of these mints respectively. « 
 
 ArPROPEIATIONS, EARNINGS, AND EXPENDITURES. 
 
 The total amount appropriated for the supjiort of the mints and assay 
 offices for the hscal year emlcd June 30, 1882, wa.s $1,20!),()(>0, of which 
 amount the sum of $1,170,205.21 was expended. In addition thereto 
 there wasexjiended from the apjiropriatiou contained in^th«'act author- 
 i;cing the coinage of the standard silver dolhir, passed February 28, 
 1878, the sum of $137,550.01 on account of the mints, and $2,173.37 at 
 the Treasury Department, :i total of $13'J,73'_'.08. Of this amount 
 $10,124.80 was paid tor four automatic wt-igiiing machines, two of them 
 to be used at riiiladelphia and two at San Francisco.
 
 188 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The appropriations for the several mints and assay offices, and the 
 amounts expended irom them, are shown in the following table : 
 
 APPROPRIATIONS. 1882. 
 
 Inatitution, 
 
 CO 
 
 So 
 
 a 
 1/ 
 ta 
 
 .3 
 
 a 
 o 
 O 
 
 Coinage of the stand- 
 ard silver dollar, 
 act of February 28, 
 1878 (iudeflnitc). 
 
 Total. 
 
 Philadelphia Mint 
 
 $34, 850 00 
 24, 900 00 
 23, 550 00 
 21, 400 00 
 10, 950 00 
 33, 150 00 
 5, 950 00 
 3, 000 00 
 2, 750 00 
 5, 500 00 
 
 $300, 000 00 
 260, 000 00 
 65, 000 00 
 85, 000 00 
 12, 000 00 
 25, 000 00 
 12.000 00 
 
 $100, 000 00 
 
 70, 000 00 
 
 30, 000 00 
 
 35, 000 00 
 
 0, 000 00 
 
 9, 000 00 
 
 10, 000 00 
 
 6, 000 00 
 
 . 2, 000 00 
 
 *16, 000 00 
 
 
 $434, 850 00 
 354, 9U0 00 
 118 550 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 New Orleans Mint 
 
 
 141 400 00 
 
 Denver Mint 
 
 
 28, 950 00 
 67, 150 00 
 
 New York Assay OfHce 
 
 Helena Assay Office 
 
 
 
 27, 950 00 
 
 Boise Assay Office 
 
 Ckarlotte Assay Office 
 
 
 9 000 00 
 
 
 
 4, 750 00 
 21, 500 00 
 
 Saint Lonis Assay Office 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tetal 
 
 166, 000 00 
 
 759, 000 00 
 
 284, 000 00 
 
 
 1, 209, 000 00 
 
 
 
 EXPENDITURES, 1882. 
 
 Philadelphia Mint 
 
 San Francisco Mint 
 
 Carson Mint 
 
 New Orleans Mint . . 
 
 Denver Mint 
 
 New York Assay Office 
 
 Helena Assay Office 
 
 Boise Assay Office , 
 
 Charlotte Assay Office . , 
 Saint Louis Assay Office 
 
 Total 
 
 424 72 
 900 00 
 550 00 
 974 14 
 950 00 
 073 59 
 950 00 
 000 00 
 750 00 
 999 80 
 
 $299, 999 27 
 259, 896 42 
 64, 237 00 
 84, 994 95 
 10,497 75 
 24, 830 25 
 9, 744 79 
 
 , 999 38 $121, 619 30 
 "' ^ 12,417 76 
 
 62, 892 46 
 
 28, 474 85 
 
 34, 637 30 
 
 4, 125 68 
 
 8, 988 32 
 
 6, 756 77 
 
 5, 233 62 
 
 1, 503 30 
 
 t8, 880 85 
 
 3, 522 55 
 
 160, 572 25 I 754, 200 43 261, 492 53 
 
 137, 559 61 
 
 $555, 042 67 
 360, 106 64 
 116, 261 85 
 143, 128 94 
 25, 573 43 
 66, 892 16 
 22, 451 56 
 8, 233 62 
 4, 253 30 
 11, 8S0 65 
 
 1, 313, 824 82 
 
 * Includes $10,000 for fixtures and apparatus, 
 tinoludes $6,896.11 for fixtures and apparatus. 
 
 In the appendix will be found a statement showing the total earn- 
 ings and gains from all sources at the mints and assay offices during 
 the year, and the total expenditures, wastages, and losses of all kinds. 
 The gross earnings amounted to $4,268,742.56, and the gross expendi- 
 tures and losses to $1,689,544.68. 
 
 A statement is also given showing the wastage of the precious metals 
 at each of the mints during the year and the loss occasioned by the sale 
 of bullion in sweeps. 
 
 The total value of the precious metals wasted during the year at the 
 four coinage mints and the Xew York Assay Office was only $36,658,93 ; 
 while bullion of the value of $16,685.28 was returned by the melter and 
 refiner of the mint at San Francisco in excess of the amount with 
 which he was charged, and by the melter and refiner at the ISTew York 
 Assay Office of the value of $21,729.15, making a total gain of $38,414.43, 
 or a net excess over and above the entire amount of bullion wasted of 
 the value of $1,755.50 ; showing that on the large amount of gold and 
 silver bullion operated upon at the mints of the United States and the 
 New York Assay Office, there was an absolute gain of over seventeen 
 hundred dollars. 
 
 The loss on the sale of sweeps is not, strictly speaking, a loss in the
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 189 
 
 ordinary operations of the mints, but represents the difference between 
 the value of the gold and silver contained in sweepings, as determined 
 by assay, and the price received for the sweeps, which are sold because 
 the mints, with their inadequate fiicilities for working such material, 
 cannot extract gold and silver of sufficient value, less expenses, to equal 
 the sum which smelters will pay for them. 
 
 REFINERY EARNINGS AND EXPENDITURES. 
 
 The charges collected during the year for parting and refining bull- 
 ion, which by law are appropriated for the payment of the expenses of 
 those operations, amounted to $278,882, of which the sum of $264,609.56 
 was paid out for expenses. 
 
 The following statement shows the amounts collected and expended 
 for parting and refining bullion, including that portion of the wastages of 
 the operative officers and the loss on sweeps sold, properly payable from 
 that fund : 
 
 Institntion. 
 
 Charges col- 
 lected. 
 
 Expenditnres. 
 
 Philadplphia Mint ■ 
 
 San Francisco Mint...., 
 
 Carson Mint 
 
 New Orleans Mint 
 
 New York Assay Office 
 
 Total.-, 
 
 $10, 850 97 
 158, 200 21 
 
 14, 749 24 
 176 10 
 
 94, 905 48 
 
 278, S62 00 
 
 $6, 518 51 
 
 154,864 62 
 
 15, 320 61 
 
 252 26 
 
 87,653 56 
 
 264,609 56 
 
 The net excess of the earnings of the refineries over the expenses 
 from the first of July, 1876, to June 30, 1882, remaining in the Treasury 
 of the United States, amounted onthefirstday of July last to $153,311.80. 
 This is a very satisfactory exhibit, especially in view of the fact that 
 the rates charged for parting and refining at some of the mints had been 
 reduced and were less than in previous years, aud shows that the refin- 
 eries have been more than self-supporting. 
 
 The charges for parting and refining collected during the year at each 
 institution were sufficient to defray the expenditures of those operations, 
 except at Carson and Kew Orleans. The slight deficiencies at those 
 mints were occasioned in part by the payments of bills accruing in for- 
 mer years, and will not, it is believed, necessitate an increase in the 
 rates of charges. 
 
 ANNUAL ASSAY. 
 
 The annual assay to test the weight and fineness of the coins struck 
 at the mints during the calendar year 1881 was made at the Philadel- 
 phia Mint on the second Wednesday of February last, as required by 
 law. Assays were made and the weights tested of the reserved coins 
 from deliveries in each month throughout the year, and the results were 
 reported by the committee on weigliiiig "that all the coins weighed are 
 within the limits of exactness rocjuired by law, and that, in fact, very 
 few vary from the standard by one-half tlie tolerance"; and by the com- 
 mittee on assaying that tliey had taken the gold and silver coins re- 
 served from the several mints "and have assayed the same in mass, and 
 also the individual coins," and that — 
 
 Tho CToatest deviation from 1 hi* standard in tlio coin.igo examined is f;ir within the 
 imits allowed by law, aud exliibits a remarkable degree of uniformity in mixture.
 
 190 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 while there appenrs a very great perfection of workmanship. An analysis of the cop- 
 per alloy x>re6ent shows that it is substantially in accordance with the law and rogu- 
 JatioQS. 
 
 Whereupon it was resolved by the commission — 
 
 That the asaay commission having examined and tested the reserved coins of the 
 several mints for the year 1881, and it appearing that these coins are within the tol- 
 erance prescribed by law, the trial is considered and reported as satisfactory. 
 
 ESTIMATION OF THE VALUES OF FOEEIGN COINS. 
 
 The estimation of the Director of the Mint and the proclamation of 
 the Secretary of the Treasury, on the 1st day of January, 1882, of the 
 x^alues of standard coins in circulation of the various nations of the 
 world will be found in the appendix. 
 
 The valuation of foreign coins estimated in the circular of January 1, 
 1882, was based npon the average price of silver bullion for the last three 
 months of 1881 to December 29. 
 
 The average price was 51.886 pence per ounce British standard, and 
 the equivalent price 113.74 cents per fine ounce. 
 
 Upon this basis the following changes were made in the values of sil- 
 ver coins from those estimated by the circular of January 1, 1881 : The 
 Austrian florin, from 40.7 cents to 40.6 cents ; the Japan yen, from 88.8 
 cents to 88.7 cents. The •< gourde" of Hayti was estimated to be worth 
 96.5 cents. 
 
 EXAMINATIONS AND ANNUAL SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 An account was taken at each of the mints and at the New York As- 
 say Office at the close of the fiscal year of the coin, bullion, and other 
 moneys belonging to those institutions in the hands of the superintend- 
 ent, and delivered to him by the operative officers. 
 
 The annual examinations of the operative officers were superintended 
 by the Director or a representative of the Bureau, and were found sat- 
 isfactory, the wastage in no case exceeding the legal limits. 
 
 The gold bullion operated ui)on in the melter and refiner's depart- 
 ments in the mints and New York Assay Office amounted to 14,618,071 
 standard ounces, on which the legal allowance for wastage was 14,618 
 standard ounces, and the actual wastage 835.27 standard ounces. Of 
 silver bullion 54,540,070 ounces of standard fineness were operated upon, 
 on which the legal limit of wastage was 81,810 ounces, and the actual 
 wastage 7,996 ounces. 
 
 In the coiner's departments, 10,616,313 ounces of gold of standard 
 fineness were operated upon, on which the legal limit of wastage was 
 5,308 ounces, and the actual wastage 470 ounces. Of silver bullion 
 47,203,782 ounces were operated upon, upon which the legal limit of 
 wastage was 47,293 ounces, and the actual wastage 4,279 ounces. 
 
 The total wastage at all the institutions during the year was 1,305.27 
 ounces of gold, of the value of $24,306.30, and 12,275 ounces of silver, of 
 the value $12,352.63. 
 
 Besides the annual settlements, special examinations were had at the 
 San Francisco and New Orleans Mints to ascertain the facts in respect 
 to charges aftecting their management, and the result of the examina- 
 tions, with the evidence, were submitted to the Secretary of the Treasury. 
 A special settlement also was made at the close of the calendar year 
 at the New York Assay Office, having been rendered necessary by rea- 
 son of the resiguation of the superintendent, Thomas C. Acton, and the 
 appointment of Pierre C. Van Wyck as his successor.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 191 
 
 REVIEW OF THE BUNT SERVICE. 
 
 Besides tlie current oflice work of this Bureau in su])ervisinj;j tho 
 operations of the mints and assay offices, their contracts, i)urcliases, 
 and expenditures, in examining tlieir monthly and quarterly accounts, 
 and their daily, weekly, and monthly reports, their business transac- 
 tions, coinage, &c., much time was given to the procuring and compil- 
 ing of statistical information concerning the production of the precious 
 metals in the Uuited States and the preparation of a special report 
 thereon. 
 
 At the laboratory of the Bureau 1C6 deliveries of gold coins and 16S 
 silver coins were tested by assays of the coins forwarded from the 
 mints for that purpose, and assays were made of ores received at this 
 office from various portions of the country, the receipts for which, 
 amounting to $261, were deposite<l in the Treasury. 
 
 The business of the mints and assay offices has be«n conducted with, 
 fidelity and skill, and to the general satisfaction of the public. While 
 less gold bullion was received and liandled than in the preceding year, 
 the work of the coinage mints and the New York Assay Office iii part- 
 ing, refining, and coining bullion was greater. The receipts of bullion 
 from the public and deliveries to and from the operative officers involved 
 transactions and accounts, accompanied by vouchers, which received 
 careful examination in the Mint Bureau as well as in the accounting 
 offices of the Treasury Department. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA MINT. 
 
 At this mint, besides striking a large number of silver coins and an 
 unprecedented coinage of gold, there was a continuous denuind for 
 minor coins, of whicli, during the year, 4,400,775 five-cent pieces and 
 42,401,475 one-cciit jiieces were coined. The total number of iiieces 
 coined at the njint in 1882 was 60,236,475, being 11,500,000 more than 
 in the preceding year. 
 
 The demand for small coins, as has been noticed in other countries, 
 increases with business activity, and is a favorable indication of the 
 frequency of actual exchanges and of a prosperous condition of the 
 country. 
 
 A greater amount of gold and silver was operated upon by the meltcr 
 and retincr and by the coiner than in any previous year. 
 
 The heavy (;i»inage of gold and of minor coins at the Philadelphia 
 Mint has continued torccpure large expenditures, and to defray a con- 
 siderable jtortioii of the expense of the silver coinage ha« necessitated 
 the use of the appro]>riMiioM contained in the act for the coinage of the 
 standanl silver <l<)ll;»r. It is believed, however, that as tiie gold coinage 
 will be diniini.slicd, the ellicient superintendent of that luint will have 
 effected, and at the close of the year will be able to show a considerable 
 reduction in the expenses of the mint. 
 
 f>AN FRANCISCO MINT. 
 
 This mint at its annual si^ttlement made a favorable exhibit of its 
 condition and operations, and appeared in all its dei)artments to be in 
 excellent order. The coiner had a small wastage. The inciter and re- 
 finer's settlement was quite satisfactory and creditable to him. lie re- 
 turned an excess of $l(i,085. 28 in gold and $1,560.43 in silver above the 
 amouid charged to him. 
 
 'I'he work of this mint in coinage was about the same as in the ]>revions 
 year, ia,!K)0,(K)0 pieceshaving been struck in 1882,and 14,234,000 in 1881. 
 Although the value of the gold coinage in 1882 was less, the number of
 
 192 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING TUE 
 
 pieces executed was 334,000 greater than in 1881 , while the silver coinage, 
 which was wholly of silver dollars, was $400,000 less. 
 
 Some official changes occurred during the year. At the commence- 
 ment Mr. E. F. White superseded F. X. Cicx)tt as coiner, and the super- 
 intendency of the mint, which for over four years had been under the 
 able and careful management of Mr. IT. L. Dodge, was at the close of the 
 year surrendered to Mr. E.F. Burton, who, although previously appointed 
 and commissioned, preferred not to enter upon duty until after the an- 
 nual settlement and with the commencement of a new fiscal year. 
 
 CARSON MINT. 
 
 The difficulty in procuring silver for coinage was less than that ex- 
 perienced in former years, and coinage operations, which had been pre- 
 viously suspended, were resumed in the month of October and con- 
 tinued during the remainder of the year. 
 
 The refinery was kept open during the whole year for the purchase 
 of silver and reception of deposits for parting and refining. 
 
 The work performed at the Carson Mint, as to the value of the de- 
 posits, number of pieces, and value of the coinage, was nearly double 
 that of the preceding year. 
 
 The annual settlement made at the close of the fiscal year was satis- 
 factory. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS MINT. 
 
 Less silver was purchased for coinage at the I^ew Orleans Mint than 
 in the preceding year, and although there was a greater coinage of gold, 
 the number of pieces and value of the silver coinage was about a mill- 
 ion and a half dollars less than the i^revious year. 
 
 At the commencement of the year the coiner, Mr. J. W. Helflfrich, re- 
 signed. Mr. B. F. Butler, his assistant, was designated by the Secre- 
 tary as acting coiner, and had charge of that department of the mint 
 until appointment of Mr. F. K. Jones, February 10, 1882, who, as soon 
 as confirmed, was placed in charge. 
 
 ■ NEW YORK ASSAY OFFICE. 
 
 Mr. Thomas C. Acton, the superintendent of the Kew York Assay 
 Office, whose administration of its afiairs for over twelve years had been 
 characterized by a most faithful, efficient, and economical management, 
 having been tendered a more responsible official position, resigned the 
 superintendency and delivered the office at the close of the calendar year 
 to his successor, Mr. Pierre C. Van Wyck. During the year deposits 
 amounting to $35,994,087 in gold and $7,168,260 in silver were received. 
 The silver deposits were nearly $2,000,000 in excess of those of the pre- 
 ceding year, while the gold deposits were upwards of $63,000,000 less in 
 amount, owing to a decrease in imports of foreign bullion and coin. 
 
 Bars were manufactured to the value of, gold, $35,887,653.08, and sil- 
 ver, $7,092,393.25, being about $64,000,000 less of gold bars and about 
 $2,000,000 more of silver bars than were made in the previous year. 
 
 DENVER anNT, AND ASSAY OFFICES AT CHARLOTTE, HELENA, BOISE, 
 
 AND SAINT LOUIS. 
 
 The value of the gold and silver bullion deposited at these institu- 
 tions, and of the unparted bars manufactured, was much, greater than 
 in the preceding year.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 193 
 
 The charges collected for melting', assaying, and stamping bars were 
 $1,G94.07, and for assays of ores, $2,138. The total earnings of all the 
 institutions were $4,955.72, some $700 less than in the previous year. 
 
 The increased value of the deposits aiid of the bars manufactured 
 arose from a greater amount of bullion being received and bars manu- 
 factured at the Denver Mint and Helena Assay Office, the deposits of 
 gold at the former having increased from $2o5,137.15 to $458,847.07; 
 silver, from $3,805.77 to $7,053.02; and the value of bars manufactured 
 from $238,942.02 to $405,900.09. 
 
 Tlie growth of business at Helena was, in deposits of gold, from 
 $308,525.1 3 in 1881 to $684,475.53 in 1882, and in silver deposits from 
 $84,314.97 to $145,306.05, and in the value of bars manufactured from. 
 $652,840.10 to $829,781.58. 
 
 MONETARY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Since submitting my last annual report inquiries relative to the pro- 
 duction, import, export, and consumption of the precious metals, and to 
 their circulation as money, have been, as heretofore, diligently prose- 
 cuted, and much valuable information obtained. 
 
 The facts that have been gathered are here classified and summarized, 
 and the more important tabulated for convenient comi)arison or refer- 
 ence. 
 
 PRODUCTION OF 
 
 THE PRECIOUS METALS IN THE UNITED STATES 
 FOR THE FISCAL. YEAR 1882. 
 
 At the close of the calendar year 1881, after an extended review of 
 the production of gold and silver in the mining districts and counties 
 in the States and Q'erritories, a careful estimate was made of the total 
 production of the United States and published in the special report 
 transmitted by the Secretary of the Treasury to Congress in June last 
 T then estimat-ed the total production for the calendar year 1881 to 
 have been, of gold, $34,700,000, and of silver, $43,000,000; a total of 
 $77,700,'00O. The production by States and Territories was estimated 
 to have been as follows : 
 
 Production of fjold and silver in the Uniied States during the calendar year, 1881 hy States 
 
 and Territories. 
 
 Ck)ld. 
 
 Alaska : $15,000 
 
 Arizona ' 1.060. OOO 
 
 (;aliforuia IK, 200,000 
 
 Colorado : :f, :«>o, 000 
 
 Dakota..." 4,000. 000 
 
 Oorsia i 125.000 
 
 Idaho ].7tK),000 
 
 Maine .* 
 
 Montana I 2,330.000 
 
 Jfevada ■ '-,250,000 
 
 2sew Mexico 1 1)C>. 000 
 
 Xorth Carolina I 115,000 
 
 Orejion 1,100,000 
 
 South Carolina . 
 ToiinosBee... 
 
 TtaL 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Washington. 
 Wyoming ... 
 
 .Jo, 000 
 
 5,000 
 
 145,000 
 
 10,000 
 
 120,000 
 
 5,000 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Total ^ 34,700,000 
 
 aT)" 
 
 $7, 300, 000 
 
 750,000 
 
 17, 160. 000 
 
 70,000 
 
 1, 300, 000 
 
 5,000 
 
 2, 630, 000 
 7,060,000 
 
 275,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 6,400,000 
 
 43, 000, 000 
 
 TotaL 
 
 tl5,000 
 360,000 
 950.000 
 460,000 
 070,000 
 125,000 
 000,000 
 
 5,000 
 060,000 
 310,000 
 460,000 
 115, 000 
 150,000 
 36.000 
 
 5.000 
 
 545,000 
 
 10,000 
 
 120,000 
 
 6,000 
 
 77,700.000
 
 194 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The. production of jjold liad declined and that of silver increased over 
 tlioir production in i)reviou.s years. From the dei)Osits made at the 
 mints and tiie exi)orts of domestic l)ullion there appears to have been a 
 still further falling olf in the production of gold and an increase in that 
 of silver. 
 
 The dei)()sits of domestic gold at the mints and assay oflicea during 
 the calendar year 1.S81 amounted to $34,271, 350.4«5, aiul (luring the tiscal 
 year 1882 to ■$31,208,511.07, a falling otf of about three millions of dol- 
 lars. This decline ai)pears to have been in the production of the States 
 on the I'acilic slope. The deposits of domestic gold at the San Fran- 
 cisco and Carson Mints, which amounted to $2(1,011, ()17.o() in the calen- 
 dar year 1881, during the fiscal year amounted to only $22,708,0(53,44, a 
 decline of $3,302,354.00. 
 
 During the calandar year 1881 the deposits and i)urch;ises of domestic 
 silver were $27,809,213.12, while during the fiscal year ended flune 30, 
 1882, they had increased to $30,950,588.18, a gain of over three millions 
 of dollars; but the exi)orts of domestic silver, which in the calendar 
 year were reported, at their commercial value, at $12,790,280, were 
 reduced in the fiscal year to $11,053,547, a decline in the export of 
 domestic silver bullion, computed atits coiningvalue,of about $1,300,000, 
 leaving the net gain in the silver i)roduction for the year over that of 
 the preceding year about $1,700,000. Making allowance for the same 
 amount of domestic undeposited gold and silver used in the arts (hiring 
 the fiscal year as in the calendar year, the total produ(;tion for the tiscal 
 year may be approximately estimated at $31,500,000 for gold and 
 $44,700,(300 for silver. 
 
 CONSUMPTION OF THE PRECIOUS METALS. 
 
 As the in(]iniries prosecuted for three ^ears to ascertain the amount of 
 gold and silver annually used in the United States in manufactures, the 
 arts, and ornamentation had resulted in obtaining for the year 1881 
 sufticient data for future approximate estimates, no circulars were sent 
 for obtaining information as to the amount used during the last fiscal 
 year. It Avas estimated in last year's report that there were annually 
 consumed in the United States for industrial purposes $11,000,000 of 
 of gold and $0,000,000 of silver, of which amounts $5,500,000 of gold and 
 $5,000,000 of silver were estimated to be domestic bullion. 
 
 A report was obtained, as usual, from the New York Assay Office, 
 which is published in the appendix, and shows the following as the 
 amount and character of the gold and siher deposited for bars to bo 
 sui)j)lied to manufacturers: 
 
 Bars furnished to maiiufacturers. 
 
 Of United States coin 
 
 Of foreign coin 
 
 Of forciiin Vnillion 
 
 Of plate, A.C 
 
 Of domestic bullion . . 
 
 Total 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Total cold 
 and silver. 
 
 $4!i, Ml 06 
 5S2, 1.34 28 
 84:i, -2^1 -26 
 (i90, OGo 81 
 5, 200, 075 85 
 
 $1.5,8ii7 7:i 
 154, 522 07 
 102, 22<> .■i.") 
 191, 719 3H 
 .5,444,111 10 
 
 $61, 378 79 
 
 680, 670 35 
 
 1, 035, 507 61 
 
 881.783 14 
 
 10, 6.J0, 187 01 
 
 7,317,086 26 i 5.998,446 64 13,315,532 90 
 
 The statement shows that the bars prepared and delivered for the 
 use of manufacturers exceeded in value those of the previous year by,
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 
 
 195 
 
 gold, SI, 500,000, and silver, $870,000; and that the increased consump- 
 tion consisted of gold and silver of domestic production. 
 
 For the fiscal year 1882 the consumption, therefore, of the precious 
 metals in the United States for use in the arts, &c., probably exceeded 
 $12,000,000 of gold and $7,000,000 of silver, of which $7,000,000 of gold 
 and $0,000,000 of silver were of domestic production. 
 
 COIN CIRCULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The total circulation of the United States coin amounted, as nearly 
 as can be ascertained, on the 1st of Julv, 1882, to $500,000,000 of gold 
 and $200,000,000 of silver, a total of $700,000,000. 
 
 This estimation is based upon the gains to the metallic circulation by 
 coinage less recoinage, and imports less exports of United States coin 
 since 1873, at wliich time 1 estimated the circulation of United States 
 gold coins at $135,000,000, and of United States silver coins at $5,000,000. 
 
 The (circulation was estimated in my last annual report to have been, 
 on the 30th of June. 1881, $439,770,753 of gold and $171,459,700 of silver. 
 
 During the year $599,357 of United Stat«'S gold coin and $127,572 of 
 United States silver coin were dejiosited at the mints and remelted. 
 
 There were also exported of United States gold coin $29,805,289, and 
 imi)orted $4,790,030, being an excess of exports over imports of 
 $25,'()8,059. Of silver coin the imjjorts were $940,877, and the exports 
 8423,099, being an excess of imports over exports of $517,778. Sub- 
 tracting from the total gold coinage of the year the recoinage, the ex- 
 cess of exports over imports, and the coins used in the arts, not depos- 
 ited at the mints or assay offices, estimated at $2,700,000 (based on last 
 year's estimate of $3,300,000 as the total consumption of such coins), 
 nuikes the gain daring the year in United States gold coin $01,005,432, 
 and the total amount in the country on the 1st of July, 1882, 
 $500,882,185. 
 
 In like manner, subtracting from the silver the deposits for recoinage, 
 and the estima.ted con8U*mj»tion of $00,000 nndeposited silver coins used 
 in the arts, and adding tlie excess of imports over exports, nuikes the 
 gain to the silver cirenlation during tlie year $28,113,594, and the total 
 silver circulation of United States sihcr coin on the 1st of July, 1882, 
 $199,573,300. 
 
 The following table shows the gain during the year: 
 
 Unitwl StnteB coin. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Totjil- 
 
 Circulation, June 80, IKS 1 $4:10,776,753 $171, 4,-.9,7C(5 | $011,230,519 
 
 Vfiu'HcoiiMfie, less (lii)(t«itfi for recoinage Bg, Ml, U'.U I :i7, Cfo, 810 H8,4t)9,«u7 
 
 Kxcnas of inipoi-te over pxports I I f'17, 778 | 517, 778 
 
 Tnt.il 
 
 Less excess of exports over import «. 
 
 KeiimiiKler 
 
 Loss iimounls used in tho artn. 
 
 Circulation July 1, 1882.. 
 
 5-28, 590, »44 
 •Jfi, OilH, cr.9 
 
 lun, 0:i3, 300 
 
 728. 224, 204 
 2S, l»ti8, 8."i9 
 
 503, .'^^2, IK") 
 2. 700. 000 
 
 109, C:t3, 3fi0 
 60. 000 
 
 703, 215, 54.') 
 2, 761). 000 
 
 500. 882, 185 
 
 199, ri73, 300 I 700,455,545 
 
 l^rom the Treasurer's statements of the amount of c<»in in the Treas- 
 ury, and gold and silver eertilicates outstanding, and from th(» reports 
 of tlie national hanks to the Comptrollerof the Currency, and ccrtiticates 
 held by them, it would ajtpear tiiat on the 1st of July, 1.S82, the gohl and 
 silver of the country, «lo(lucting fiom the amount held by the Trciisury
 
 196 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 the certificatos onfstandiuj]^ and counting as coin tliose held by banks 
 and in cinniliitioii, l)clong(?d as follows: 
 
 Ut'longing to— 
 
 Tronsurv 
 
 Nntioiiiii hatikf 
 Other baiilts... 
 Private liauili). 
 
 Total. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 * $80, 935, 4S3 
 1 103, 943, 999 
 
 ♦ 20, 000, 000 ) 
 H 290, 002, 783 ( 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Legal tender. Subeidiary. 
 
 ' $32, G47, 720 
 : 4, 000, 000 
 
 Total. 
 
 $28, 048, 630 $60, 696. 356 
 : 3, 750, 203 I f 7, 750, 263 
 
 32,497,054] 48,629,687 131,126,741 
 
 Total United 
 StateH gold 
 and Hilvor 
 coins. 
 
 *$147.631,83« 
 1111,694,262 
 
 11441,129,444 
 
 500,882,185 119, 144, 780 | 80,428,580 199,573,360 1 700,455,545 
 
 * Lees ont.standinK certificates, 
 t Including Treasury certificates. 
 
 t Estimated. 
 
 ii Including Treasury certificates. 
 
 Since the 1st of July and up to October 1, 1882, the coinage of gold 
 was $13,339,863, and of silver, $6,915,185 ; the excess of exports of gold 
 coin over imports about $3,031,012, anil of imports over exports of 
 silver coin, $121,225; leaving the circulation on the 1st instant of United 
 States coins, gold, $512,191,036, and silver, $206,609,770, and total of 
 $718,800,806, as appears from the following statement : 
 
 Gold. 
 
 SUver. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Cireulation July 1,1882 
 
 Coinage to October 1, 1882 
 
 Excess of imports over exports to October 1, 1882 
 
 Total 
 
 * Less excess of exports over imports 
 
 $500, 882, 185 
 13, 339, 863 
 
 $199, 573, 360 $700, 455, 545 
 
 6, 915, 185 20, 265, 048 
 
 121,225 121,225 
 
 514, 222, 048 206, 604 770 
 2, 031, 012 
 
 Circulation October 1, 1883. 
 
 512, 191, 036 206, 609, 770 
 
 720,831,818 
 2,031,012 
 
 718, 800, 806 
 
 * All ports for July and August, only New York and San Francisco for September. 
 
 Besides this amount of gold and silver coin, there was in the mints 
 and assay offices on thS 1st of October, deposited or purchased for coin- 
 age, gold bullion of the value, approximately, of $51,410,420, and silver 
 bullion costing $3,343,565, making a total of coin and bullion belonging 
 to the Uni'ted States and awaiting coinage, of gold, $563,631,456, and of 
 silver, $209,953,335, a total of $773,584,791. 
 
 TOTAL CIRCULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The total paper and metallic circulation of the United States in Gen- 
 eral Table No. XXXI, showing the circulation of the various countries 
 of the world, is given for October 1, 1882, as $793,074,878 paper, and 
 $773,585,790 metallic,* a total of $1,566,659,668, being a per cainta of 
 $15.81 paper and $15.42 metallic. 
 
 The paper circulation of the United States in that table includes 
 United States notes, national-bank notes, and gold and silver certifi- 
 cates, fractional currency to the amount of $7,028,078, omitting the small 
 amounts of unredeemed legal tender, demand, and interest-bearing notes, 
 which are seldom if ever seen in active circulation. 
 
 As only a portion of the paper and metallic money is in actual circu- 
 lation, in Table XXXII the Treasury and bank metallic reserves-are 
 
 *Tbe figures given for the metallic circulatiou include tlie bullion in the mints and 
 assay oflices.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 197 
 
 stated; but tbe actual active circulation on the 1st day of July in the 
 possession of the general public is to be reduced by the amounts of 
 paper held at that date by the Treasury aiirl banks, which is shown in 
 the following table, compiled in tliis Bureau from the bank and Treasury 
 statements ])repared by the Comptroller of the Currency and the Treas- 
 urer of the United States: 
 
 State of circulation July 1, 1882. 
 
 
 In Treasury. 
 
 In banks. 
 
 In active cir- 
 culation. 
 
 . 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 $56, 541, 887 
 
 3, 230, 908 
 
 91, 964, 5(i3 
 
 87,153,816 
 
 28, 04S, 631 
 
 8,100 
 
 11,590.620 
 
 34. 670, 589 
 
 6, 277, 247 
 
 17, 75^ 
 
 • 
 
 
 $50, 541, 887 
 
 
 
 
 3, 230, 908 
 
 
 $99, 503, 599 
 
 3, 200, 000 
 3.. 696, 223 
 
 4, 440, 400 
 8.54, 040 
 
 64. 019, 518 
 
 27, 740, 295 
 
 373, 725 
 
 $309. 3.''>4, 082 
 
 28, 790, 964 
 
 48, 683, 726 
 
 588.620 
 
 53, 652, 050 
 
 24f , 990, 909 
 
 324, 6.16, 458 
 
 6, 655. 708 
 
 500, 822. 184 
 
 
 119,144,780 
 
 
 80, 428, 580 
 
 Gold cert i ficates 
 
 5, 037, 120 
 
 Silver certificates 
 
 66, 096, 710 
 
 Uiiitcd States notes 
 
 Nationalbauk notes 
 
 346, 681, 010 
 358, 680, OOO 
 
 Fractional cuircuoy 
 
 7, 047, 347 
 
 Total 
 
 319, 504, 035 
 
 203, 833, 800 
 
 1, 020, 372, 577 
 
 1, 543, 710, 432 
 
 
 
 The character and possession of the paper and specie ciiculation of 
 the United States at the commencement of the fiscal year appears in 
 the following table, prepared from the same sources of inibrmation : 
 
 State of circulatioti July 1, 1881, 
 
 
 In Treaaiuy. 
 
 In bank. 
 
 In active cir- 
 culation. 
 
 TotaL 
 
 Gold bullion 
 
 $89, 017, 716 
 
 3, 309, 949 
 
 74, 153, 945 
 
 62, 544, 722 
 
 27, 247, 697 
 
 23. 400 
 
 12, 056, 801 
 
 30, 204, 092 
 
 5, 296, 382 
 
 53. 159 
 
 
 
 $89, 017, 710 
 
 
 $il6,'673,'27tV 
 
 3, 000, UOO 
 
 3, 482, 561 
 
 5, 137, 500 
 
 945, 590 
 
 58, 728, 713 
 
 27, 932, 850 
 
 372, 140 
 
 $249,' 549," 532' 
 
 25, 827, 983 
 
 49, 35C, 803 
 
 622, 020 
 
 38, 165, 139 
 
 257,748,211 
 
 321,812,708 
 
 6, 680. 654 
 
 , 3, 309, 949 
 439, 776, 753 
 
 
 
 ' 91, 372, 705 
 
 
 80, 087, 061 
 
 Gold certificiitPs 
 
 .■;, 782, 920 
 51,166,530 
 
 
 346, 681, 016 
 
 National-bank notes 
 
 35.5, 042. 000 
 
 Fitictional currency 
 
 7, 105, 953 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 303, 900, 863 
 
 215, 672, 630 
 
 949. 343. 603 
 
 1, 469, 342, 603 
 
 
 
 By comparing the foregoing tables for 1881 and 1882 it will be seen: 
 
 1st. That of the 74J millions of paper and metallic circulation gaine<l 
 to the total circulation the Treasury received loh millions, the peoi>Ie 
 gained 71 millions, and the banks lx>st 11. J millions. 
 
 2d. That of the (U millions of dollars of gold coin gained to the circu- 
 lation the Trtnisury, in reducifig its stock of gold bullion, retained 
 nearly IS millions of the resulting gold coin and reduced the outstand- 
 ing gold certilicates $750,000, while the national banks lost $10,500,000 
 in gold ccrin and nearly $700,000 of gold certitieates, and the general 
 public gained $00,000,000. 
 
 3d. That as to the silver circulation, the silver dollars and silver cer- 
 tificates in the hands of the public, including the banks, at the clo.se of 
 the fiscal year, were over $18,000,000 more tliau at its commencement, 
 while the silver coin in the Treasury not represented by outstanding 
 certificates increased $24,000,000.
 
 198 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 COURSE OF PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 1881-1882, * 
 
 The ])ri(;c8 of doinCHtic exports, as indicated by an avera^^o of the 
 values declared at the custom-honse, shows an advance of 7 per cent, on 
 the exi)ort prices of the previous year. The advance was ])rincipally in 
 the i)rices of food exports, such as breadstuiis, provisions, live aniuials, 
 &c., which constituted in value a large portion of the total exports. 
 
 The prices of 1882, however, remained below the currency prices of 
 exports in 1870, being" an average of 84 per cent, of the average de- 
 clared i)riccs of the principal commodities in the latter year. As 
 United States notes were at that period at a discount of 13 i)er cent., 
 the prices of the exports in 1882 were 3 per cent, below the currency 
 prices of 1870, reduced to the gold standard. A table is also inserted 
 containing the average yearly prices in the New York market for the 
 calendar years 1880 and 1881 of a large number of staple articles, and 
 the comparative percentage of such prices for the year 1881, on their 
 prices for the year 1880, and on their average i)rices for the preceding 
 fifty-six years. The quotations for the last two years have been com- 
 piled semi- weekly from the New York Shipping and Commercial List, tak- 
 ing for each article, as far as i)racticable, the same grade and quality 
 as that used in preparing the table for my last report. The average of 
 the percentages of the jirices of 1881 compared with the prices of 1880 
 and -with the average prices for the fifty-six preceding years also indi- 
 cate an advance in prices averaging on the prices of the same articles 
 for the previous year of 10.6 i)er cent., and on their average prices for 
 fifty-six years of 2.7 per cent. 
 
 MONETARY STATISTICS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 
 
 Additional replies to those published in my last and previous annnal 
 reports have been received from our representatives abroad, containing 
 valuable information in relation to the monetary statistics of foreign 
 countries, and are given in full in the ai)pendix. The information which 
 they contain has enabled me to correct the tables of circulation, coin- 
 age, and production to later dates. 
 
 A condensed statement of the contents of these papers and of the 
 monetary condition of the countries to which they respectively relate 
 may be found useful, and is herewith submitted: 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES. 
 
 Great Britain and Ireland. — ^The report of Mr. C. W. Fremantle, the 
 deputy master of the royal mint of Great Britain, was received at my 
 office, aiul found to contain, as usual, much important information, not 
 only in regard to tlie coinage of the mints of the British Empire, but of 
 the operations of the mints in other countries. 
 
 From his report it appears that no gold coinage wa« executed during 
 the year 1881 in Great Britain, but the silver coinage exceeded that of 
 any previous year excej^t 1872 and 1873, and amounted to £997,128, 
 equal to $4,852,523, of which £140,175 were transmitted to the British 
 colonies to rophice £07, 543 IGs. ijd. of worn coin withdraAvn. The new 
 silver coins sent to the colonies in 1880 amounted to £308,940, equal 
 to $1,503,457, and the worn silver coin withdrawn to £80,425, e<pial to 
 $420,587. The total amount of worn coin withdrawn from circulation 
 during the year 1881 in the kingdom was £340,280, equal to $1,050,002. 
 The value of the bronze coinage, pence, half-pence, and farthings, at its 
 nominal value, was £23,405, equal to $113,900.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 199 
 
 For the use of the treasury chests abroad iu 1881 there were shipped 
 384,400 sovereigns and half sovereigns, equal to $1,870,083; £12,040 in 
 siher, equal to $58,593; and £00 in bronze pence and half pence. 
 
 The averajrc price paid for silver during the year was 51\^d. per 
 ounce (British standard), while the average market jirice was ol'^d., and 
 the seigniorage accruing was 14-j%d. per ouuce, or 27^ per cent., amount- 
 ing to £160,823, equal to $811,844. 
 
 The im])orts and exports of gold aud silver for the last live years 
 were as follows : 
 
 SILVER. 
 
 
 Importa. 
 
 Exporta. 
 
 1877 *. 
 
 £20. 000, 000 
 
 11.000,000 
 
 10, 500, 000 
 
 0, 500, 000 
 
 6, 7U0, 000 
 
 £19,000,000 
 11,250,000 
 11 000 000 
 
 1878 
 
 1878 
 
 1880 
 
 7, 250, 000 
 7, 000, 000 
 
 1881 
 
 
 
 GOLD. 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1681 
 
 £15,000,000 
 
 21, 000, 000 
 
 13, 250, 000 
 
 9, 000, 000 
 
 10, 000, 000 
 
 £20, 000, 000 
 
 14, 000. 000 
 
 18, fm, 000 
 
 11, 600, 000 
 
 15, 500, 000 
 
 Showing a net loss to the country in 1881 of gold £5,500,000, equal to 
 $20,750,000, and of silver, £300,000, equal to $1,400,000. 
 
 The amount of circulatiou, including bank reserves, is reported by 
 our minister as — 
 
 Gold £121,0:^,000 $591,912,395 
 
 8ilv«>r 19,03(1,000 92,6:^8,694 
 
 Paper 42,:]99,0U0 20(3,334,733 
 
 William King, esq., the consul of the United States at Birmingham, 
 forwards, under date of July 11), 1882, an interesting report on the* 
 assay otMce at that city, established in 1873 for the i)nrpose of assaying 
 and stami)ing with otlicial marks articles of Jewelry, &c. 
 
 India. — IMr. C. 0. Bancroft, acting vice consul-general of the United 
 States at Calcutta, forwards, under date of September 10, 1881, a reply 
 from the secretary of the government for India to certain inqnirios con- 
 tained in a circular of this de])artment. 
 
 The coinage for the year 1879 and 1880 is given as follows, to wit: 
 
 JtiipecH. 
 
 Gold 147,:{00 $54,447 
 
 Silver 71,bO:{,:{or 28,013,290 
 
 The gold coinage is probably given for the fiscal year ended IMarcli 
 31, 1880, and the silver coinage for the calendar year ended Deci-mber 
 31, 1880. The net gain of coin and bullion l)y imports for the calendar 
 year 1880 is stated as — 
 
 Ktipecs. 
 
 Gold 33, 142,.''>:58 J12.92.'.,r.90 
 
 Kilvtr .'■>0, 4('0, .'■.02 19, 679, .'.96 
 
 The ciiciilation of silver coin is given as from $250,000,00(> to 
 $.^jOO,000,0«»<>i witli 57,270,495 rupees=$22,;i;{5,493 of silver coin in the 
 Treasury, and 0,905,525 rupees=$2,093,155 in banks, and the govern- 
 ernment i)aper outstanding on JJeceml>er 31, 1S80, as 143,208,!)25 ru- 
 pees=$55,874,88(>.
 
 200 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Tlic silvor coin in circulation has l)ccn cstimatefi, lor reasons and upon 
 data given in my previous reports, at more than double the amount 
 stated by Mr. IJancroft. 
 
 Australasia. — U. iVI. Spencer, consul-general at Melbourne, furnishes 
 an important rei)ort on the production, consumption, and movement of 
 the precious metals in Australia. 
 
 During- the year 1881 the gold coined in Melbourne and Svdney mints 
 is stated as £4,047,002=$19,690,115. 
 
 The gold exported from the diUerent provinces in 1880 exceeded the 
 imports by £3,200,774=:$15,8G8,5nG, while the stock of silver the same 
 year was increased by a net gain from imports of £180,085= §900,582. 
 
 The product of the mines for 1880 was as follows : 
 
 Gold £5,910,819 $28,765,001 
 
 Silver 4H,67:i 197,935 
 
 The condition of the banks on December 31, 1880, is shown by the 
 following statement : 
 
 Goldandsilver coin £11,475,294 |55,844,518 
 
 Gold and silver bullion h04,699 3,9r(j,068 
 
 Notesin circulation 4,405,276 21,438,276 
 
 G. W. Griffin, United States consul at Auckland, furnishes the fol- 
 lowing statement of the production and exportation of gold from Ifew 
 Zealand since the discovery of that metal in 1857 : 
 
 1857 $202,210 
 
 1858 -^2,215 
 
 1859 142,135 
 
 1860 87,925 
 
 1861 5,763,285 
 
 1862 7,956,945 
 
 1863 12,158,615 
 
 1864 9,289,235 
 
 1865 11,132,370 
 
 1866 14,222,585 
 
 1867 13,501,375 
 
 1868 12,521,630 
 
 1869 $11,814,975 
 
 1870 10,587,925 
 
 1871 13,937,600 
 
 1872 8,654,960 
 
 1873 9,937,125 
 
 1874 7,526,655 
 
 1675 7,038,850 
 
 1876 6,342,795 
 
 1877 7,480,400 
 
 1878 6.200,395 
 
 1H79 5,993,205 
 
 1860 (to June 30, 1880) 2, 996, 000 
 
 British Guiana. — The United States consul at Demarara writes that 
 no mines of gold or silver exist in that colony, and that it has no mint. 
 
 The value of the bullion imported during the year was $95,702, and 
 of that exported $11,421. 
 
 The principal coins in circulation are British silver, but American gold 
 and Spanish doubloons also circulate. 
 
 The outstanding paper circulation of the two banks of the colony on 
 the 31st of December, 1880, is estimated at $691,790. 
 
 Our minister at Paris furnishes, under date of July 8, 1882, very com- 
 plete statistics from the minister of linance, touching the monetary 
 affairs of France. 
 
 The coinage for the year was — 
 
 Francs. 
 
 Gold 2,167,000 §418,231 
 
 Silver 6,733,445 1,299,554 
 
 The gain in gold bullion by imports during the year amounted to 
 33.638,040 francs, but there was a loss by export of 23,453,920 francs In 
 gold coin, leaving a net gain to the country in gold of 10,184,120 francs 
 =$1,965,553.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 201 
 
 In silver tliere was a gain during the year of both coin and bullion as 
 
 follovv'S : 
 
 Francs. 
 
 Coin 2U, 019, S'^O !^X Hft^ 82,'. 
 
 Bullion :W, 8^4,9/4 r.,%0,60U 
 
 The amount of ca.sh in the Bank of France on December 29, 1881, was, 
 A'old, 655,696,391.18 francs=d'126,549;403; silver, l,161,468,i;{().ll francs 
 =$224,163,349, an aggregate of 1,817,164,521.24 francs =$350, 7 12, 752, 
 and the i)aper circulation outstanding at the same date was 2,778,428,840 
 francs= $536,236,766. 
 
 .SWITZERLAND. 
 
 In th<; dispatch of Minister Cramer, the gain in theprecions metals by 
 excess of im])ortation into Switzerland during the year 1881 is stated a.s — 
 
 Kilograms. 
 
 Gold 2,200 81,4f.2,120 
 
 Silver 103,:?00 4,293,148 
 
 The circulation of bank notes amounted on December 31, 1881, to 
 109,867,000 francs=$21,204,331, and the coin in the Federal Treasury 
 was at the same time as follows : 
 
 Fra ncK. 
 
 Gold 1,324,000 $255,532 
 
 Silver 462,000 89,166 
 
 The Belgian government transmits, under date of April 4 of the 
 present year, three responses of the different bureaus of the govern- 
 ment to the circular of this deparfment. 
 
 No gold was coined in either 1880 or 1881 for the home government, 
 but 3,261.457 kilograms=$135,546 were coined into fractional silver in 
 1880, and 915.676 kilograms=$38,055 in 1881. 
 
 There was coined for the republic of Venezuela, during the vear 1880, 
 487.547 kilograms of gold=$324,024, into 20-Bolivar pieces. 
 
 The imi>orts and exports for the two yeais are given as follows : 
 
 KUojramg. 
 
 1880. Iinpoite, jjtold, 1,259 ^S.36,731 
 
 1880. Imports, silver 29,(>49 1,2:{2,212 
 
 1881. Ijiiiiorts, gold 488 324,325 
 
 1881. Imports, silver U2,21l 4,r)t)3,489 
 
 1880. Exports, gold 149 99,02:. 
 
 1880. Exports, silver 1,011 42.017 
 
 1881. Exports, gold 26 17,280 
 
 I88I. Exports, silver 80,293 3,336,^77 
 
 The gold and silver used in manufactures, jnesented for stamping at 
 the bureau of guaiant<ie during 18S0, amount«'d to 32 kilograms of gold 
 = $21,267, and 2,193 kilograms of silver = $91,141, which does not in- 
 clude that used in the arts. 
 
 The circulation on December 31, 1881, was estimated to be about 
 533,823,529 francs in gold = $103,027,941 ; in silver, 275,0(M),0(K) francs = 
 $53,075,000, besides 32,780,000 = $6,326,540 in fractional .silver coins, 
 and 354,753,070 francs in paper = $()8,467,4(;2. 
 
 In addition to these amounts the banks held a reserve in gold, amount- 
 ing to 77,394,960 francs = $14,937,227, and 18,982,000 francs in silver = 
 $3,663,526. 
 
 I'RAI.Y. 
 
 The chargf) d'affaires of the United States at Home foiwards, under 
 date of July 14 of the present year, an original report from the Italian 
 minister of the treasury in regard to the monetary atiairs of that king- 
 dom.
 
 202 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The coinage for the year 1880 was, gold, 2,590,000 lire = $499,997; 
 no silver wiis coined (luring the year. 
 For 1881 the coinage was as follows : 
 
 Lire. 
 
 Gold 1G,8G0,5C0 $3,253,988 
 
 Silver 8,281,588 1,598,346 
 
 The imports and exports during the year 1880 were as follows : 
 
 Lire. 
 
 Goldimports 8,824,280 $1,703,086 
 
 Silver iui])ovt3 23,377,000 4,511,877 
 
 Gold exports 7,.%l,7G0 1,459,420 
 
 Silver exports 12,291,120 2,372,186 
 
 The aggregate coinage from 1802 to 1880, inclusive, amounted to — 
 
 Lire. 
 
 Gold 25.5,134,980 §49,241,0.51 
 
 Silver 520,637,025 100,482,946 
 
 The paper circulation December 31, 1881, was- 
 
 ;ate notes 
 
 aiik notes 
 
 The reserves held December 31, 1881, were- 
 
 Lire. 
 
 State notes 940,000,000 $181,420,000 
 
 Banknotes 735,579,107 141,906,767 
 
 Lire. 
 
 In banks : 
 
 Gold : 71,'304,720 $13,761,811 
 
 Silver 63,573,305 12,269,648 
 
 Treasury : 
 
 Gold 7,654,370 1,477,293 
 
 Silver 32,707,024 6,312,456 
 
 The following, on the resumption of specie payments by the Italian 
 Government, is taken from tbe London Economist of May 13, 1882: 
 
 Some attempts have been made to calculate the amount of coined gold and silver 
 ■which will exist iu the country at the time of the resumption of specie payments. 
 The followiug data may, perhajis, be considered approximate: 
 
 Fiancs. 
 
 In Treasury : 
 
 Gold 5r>0,OUO,000 $106,150,000 
 
 Five-franc, silver 100,000,000 19,300,000 
 
 Fractional silver currency 95, 000, OOO 18, 335, 000 
 
 In banks: 
 
 Gold 110,000,000 21,230,000 
 
 Five-franc silver pieces 15,000,000 2,895,000 
 
 FrJictional silver currency 51,000,000 9,843,000 
 
 In the country: 
 
 Gold 90,000,000 17,370,000 
 
 Five-franc silver pieces 100,000,1)00 19,300,000 
 
 Fractional silver currency 10,000,000 1,930,000 
 
 Or a grand total of 1,121,000,000 francs of coin, in addition to 340,000,000 of state 
 notes, and 750,000,000 of legal-tender bank notes. 
 
 The government is at present taking back from France the last installment of silver 
 fractional currency of a))out 16,000,000 francs, paying for it in live-franc silver pieces. 
 The amount of tive-franc silver pieces coined b}' iTalv is estimated at 380,000,000 
 franca, of which it is believed about 160,000,000 or l?5O,6O0,O00 will be out of Italy at 
 the time of the resHimptiou of specie jtayments. There is, besides, in the country .a 
 large amount of old silver money coined by the past governments, and which it would 
 be rather dittlcult to estimate. The government has lately tried to issue some small 
 quantity of silver i)ieces of 50 centimes (.5d), but they were immediately hoarded for 
 tlie payment of custom duties. This would have caused a scarcity of change were it 
 not for the large tiuantity of heavy coi)per money.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 203 
 
 SPAIN. 
 
 The dispatch from Hon. Dwight T. Heed, of the United States lega- 
 tion at Madrid, under date of September 10, 1881, contains the follow- 
 ing inforniation relative to the finances of Spain for the year 1880. The 
 coinage executed was as follows : 
 
 Pesetas. 
 
 Gold 171, 57:}, (J75 $33,113,719 
 
 Silver 1,393,551 2(te,955 
 
 The net loss of gold coin by export was 9,110,484 pesetas = $1,758,323, 
 while there was a gain in silver coin of 3,528,002 = §081,032. 
 
 There were 74,500 kilograms of silver produced from the mines of 
 Spain daring the year, valned at $3,000,220. The coin in the Treasury 
 on December 31, 1880, is reported to have been : 
 
 Gold 4,017,817 $775,444 
 
 Silver lU, 4(35, 920 2,019,923 
 
 PORTUGAL. 
 
 A communication from Minister Moran, dated December 28, 1881, con- 
 tains the following statistics regarding the coinage, &c., of Portugal 
 during the year 1880: 
 
 Kilograms. 
 
 Gold coinage -- 524.775 §348,765 
 
 Silver coinage '-.... 3,500.768 145,492 
 
 The imports and exports for the same year are given as follows : 
 
 Milreia. 
 
 Imports : 
 
 Gold 2,573,^01 §2,779,705 
 
 Silver 43,686 47,181 
 
 Exports : 
 
 Gold 28,231 30,489 
 
 Silver 30, .588 .3:?,0:J5 
 
 Showing a net gain in gold of $2,749,210. and in silver of $14,140. 
 
 GKIiMANV. 
 
 Hon. n. Sidney Everett furnishes, under date of September 12, 1881, 
 a statement of the gold imports and exi>orts of Germany tor the year 
 
 1880: 
 
 Kiloftrnmi. 
 
 IiiiportH H,025 §5,333,415 
 
 Exports 11,254 7,47.9,408 
 
 Showing a net loss to Germany during the year named by export of 
 $2,145,993 in gold. 
 
 AUSTRIA-HUNG AUY. 
 
 Tlie lion. William Walter PIiclps, onr minister to Austria, has for- 
 warded two disi)atches, under dates of November 29, 18S1, juid .Innc 21, 
 1882, containing very comjjlete information in relation to the monetary 
 affairs of the Austro-IIungarian Empire. 
 
 The coinage for 1880 is given a**: 
 
 Vionii.a mint, f^old... florins.. 2,.'')85,7n6 $l,247,2fi4 
 
 Hungiirian niinti gold kilogiauis.. l,l504.U7HI 1, UH, '.»91 
 
 Vieuuii mint, si Ivor Ilorins.. 6,810,782 2,765, 177 
 
 Hungarian uiint, silver kilogiuiuH.. 42,384.644 1,761,506
 
 204 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING Till: 
 
 And for the year 1881 : 
 
 Florins. 
 
 Vienna mint, gjold 4, 147, 4cU 
 
 Vienna mint, silver 0,67:3,482 
 
 $2, 000, 584 
 2,709,434 
 
 The imports and exports for 1880 and 1881 were as follows : 
 
 1880. Imports: Florins. 
 
 Gold 21,35.''>,000 $10,300,584 
 
 Silver 6.965,217 2,827,678 
 
 1681. Imports: 
 
 Gold 19,798,000 9, .549, 565 
 
 Silver 13,034,447 5,291,985 
 
 1880. Exports: 
 
 Gold 3,277,900 1,581,095 
 
 SUver 15,342,3.51 6,228,995 
 
 1881. Exports: 
 
 Gold 2,192,350 1,057,4«0 
 
 Silver 269,836 109,553 
 
 Showing a net gain by imports in the two years of gold $17,211,574, 
 and of $1,781,315 in silver. 
 The production of the precious metals during the same years was : 
 
 Kilograms. 
 
 Au.stria, 188'J, gold 43 $28,.578 
 
 Hungary, 1880, gold 1,604 1,066,018 
 
 Austria, 1881, gold ^ 1,867 1,240,808 
 
 Austria, 1880, silver 30",257 1,257,481 
 
 Hungary, 1880, silver 17,743 737,399 
 
 Austria, 1881, silver 31,359 1,30,3,280 
 
 An aggregate of 5,633,564 
 
 The paper circulation of the empire on the 31st of December, 1881, is 
 given as stat« notes, 320,434,947 florins=$130,096,000, and Austro-Hun- 
 garian Bank notes (legal tender), 354,287,560 florins=$ 143,836,000. The 
 cash reserve in the treasury and in Austro-Huugarian Bank at the date 
 mentioned was : 
 
 In treasuries: Florins. 
 
 Gold coin 6,000,000 $2,894,U0O 
 
 Silver soin 14,000,000 5,684,000 
 
 Anstro-Hungarian Bank : 
 
 Gold coin 68,725,532 33,159,760 
 
 Silver coin 122,130,827 49,585,116 
 
 The following comi:)arative table of imports and exports of gold aad 
 silver from Austro- Hungary during the years 1881-'82 is from the London 
 Economist of Julj' 22, 1882, and is for the year ending April 30 : 
 
 Gold 
 
 Gold coiu . . 
 
 Silver 
 
 Silver coin . 
 
 Imports. 
 
 1881. 1882. 
 
 £7, 116 
 272, 883 
 185, 95(5 
 150,183 
 
 Total 
 
 £2,250 
 
 260,516 
 
 18.304 
 
 18,435 
 
 Exports. 
 
 1881. I 1882. 
 
 £496 £200 
 
 62, 108 I 274, 534 
 
 400 I 
 
 7, 670 , 2, 929, 400 
 
 C16, 138 I 290, 505 70, 674 3, 204, 134
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 205 
 
 The following- statistics in relation to the diaiti of jrokl from Kussia, 
 compiled from the annual report of the Russian customs dei)artment, 
 are taken from the London Economist of April 8, 1882 : 
 
 Tears. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Ifi75. 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 1SV8. 
 1879. 
 1880. 
 1881. 
 
 $3, 816, 400 
 ."!, 092, 600 
 6,711,600 
 
 10, 462, 200 
 9, 146, 200 
 7, 501, 200 
 4, 474, 400 
 
 Escess of exports. 
 
 45, 204, 600 
 
 $18, 095, 000 
 67, :)76, 600 
 12, 238, 800 
 8, 751, 400 
 5, H.'iC, 200 
 17,305,400 
 44, 612, 400 
 
 174, 435, 800 
 46, 204, 600 
 
 129, 231, 200 
 
 XOnAV.W .\XT> SWKDEX. 
 
 Hon. Joliu L. Stevens, in a communication dated September 9, 1881, 
 furnishes two official dispatches, which contain valuable statistical in- 
 formation relating to the finances of this kingdom. The coinage of 
 1880 (calendar year) was — 
 
 Kilograms. 
 
 Norway, silver 12 $499 
 
 Sweden, Bilver .5,368 22:3,094 
 
 Sweden, gold 1,133 752,992 
 
 The importation into Norway during the year amounted to, gold and 
 silver, 2,483,000 crowns=$6(>r),414; the exports for the same period 
 were, gold and silver, 753,800 crowns=$202,018; showing a net gain in 
 both metals of $403,426. 
 
 The imports and exi)orts of Sweden are given as follows: 
 
 Imports ; KiloKrams. 
 
 Gold 4,730 $3,143,.')oB 
 
 Silver 3,74S 155, 7h7 
 
 Exports : 
 
 Gold .'>7 37,882 
 
 Silver 586 24,354 
 
 The production of the mines is given as — 
 
 Kilogmms. 
 
 Norway, silver 4,436 $184,360 
 
 Sweden, silver 1,312 54,527 
 
 Sweden, gold 5 3,323 
 
 The circulation of Norway on the 31st of December, 1880, was about 
 24,000,0(M) crowns rn };()ld = 80,332,000; 4,000,000 crowns in silver= 
 $1,072,000, and 38,714,000 crowns in pap('r=$10,37."i,3r)2; and most ot 
 the gold was held by the liank.s and the public treasury. 
 
 The circulation of Sweden at the same date is stated as follows: 
 
 ('lOWIlB. 
 
 Gold .Sr>00,(H)0 $1,474,000 
 
 SilvQT 11,000,000 2,iM'<,000 
 
 Paper 89.635,440 24,022,298 
 
 With bank reserves amounting to $6,330,315 in gold, and $1,481,572 in 
 silver. 
 
 DK.NMAlUi. 
 
 Henry B. Ryder, United States consul at (Copenhagen, forwards two 
 dispatches, under date of ^larch 9 and May 23 of the present year, in 
 relation to the Kingdom of Denmark.
 
 200 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 No coin a go, was ex(M:iito<l diirinff the y ears 1880 anrl 1881. Tho im- 
 poi-tation of p)ld in 1880 is stated as about 13,000,000 crown8= 
 $3,484,000. The amount exported is not given. 
 
 In 1881 there was a loss through exeess of exports of gold of about 
 2,500,000 croAvns=$G70,000. 
 
 The circulation is estimated at the close of the year 1881 to have 
 been, of gold, 8,000,000 crowns=$2,144,000, with 29,000,000 crowns 
 =$7,772,000 in the national bank; of silver, 15,350,000 crowns=84,113,- 
 800, and 2,800,000 crowns = $750,400 in the bank; and of bank notes 
 outstanding 75,219,280 crowns=$20,158,767. 
 
 General Wallace forwards, under date of the 14th of June of the 
 present year, a dispatcli in relation to the financial condition of the 
 Ottoman Empire, from which it would appear that it is almost impossi- 
 ble to obtain any reliable information in relation to the monetary affairs 
 of that country, for the reasons that no statistics are kept, and that both 
 the government and banks are solicitous to conceal their affairs. He 
 gives the product of the two lead mines worked by the government, 
 fiom 1880 to June, 1882, as 557,092 drams in silver=$71,441, and 2,307 in 
 gold =$4,918. 
 
 The paper money known as " Caim6" has been mostly withdrawn from 
 circulation, for the reason that no one would accept it. 
 
 JAPAN. 
 
 The annual report of the commissioner of the imperial mint of Japan 
 for the year ending June 30, 1881, has been received, and shows the im- 
 ports of gold and silver to have been — 
 
 Ounces. 
 
 Gold 25,063 $518,052 
 
 Silver 4,331,834 4,981,609 
 
 The coinage of gold was confined to 5-yen pieces, and of silver to 
 1-yen pieces, as follows : Gold, 98,117 pieces, valued at $490,585 ; silver, 
 5,089,113 pieces, valued at $4,514,043. 
 
 Of copper coins 73,841.406 pieces were struck of a tale value of 
 1,112,624 yens=$986,897.5. 
 
 SANDWICH ISLANDS. 
 
 An extract from a dispatch from Mr. Comly, minister to the Hawaiian 
 Islands, states that no mines or mints exist in those islands ; that busi- 
 ness is conducted on a silver basis, and that the principal coins in cir- 
 culation are United States trade dollars and French five-franc pieces. 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 Hon. Joseph B. Augell, minister to Cliina, states in his dispatch that 
 the Chinese Government collects no statistics in relation to its monetary 
 affairs. 
 
 MEXICO. 
 
 Minister Morgan forwards two dispatches — one under date of Feb- 
 ruary 8, 1882, and the other June 29, 1882 — relative to the coinage and 
 movement of gold and silver in Mexico. The importation of gold is 
 stated as very inconsiderable, being principally that brought by indi- 
 viduals to defray their personal expenses. 
 
 The ex])ortation of gold during the fiscal year 1880 amounted to 
 $1,401,382, and of silver to $20,137,932, besides $490,437 in ores.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 207 
 
 The circulation of the country is composed principally of silver, gold 
 forming not more than 5 per cent, of the entire amount. 
 
 The general government has issued no pa])er money. 
 
 The coinage for the tiscal year 1881, was, gold, $138,778; silver, $24,139, 
 023.60. 
 
 The El Minero Mexicano, of April 13, 1882, publishes the following 
 as the coinage of the various mints of the Repul)lic of Mexico during 
 the fiscal years 1879-80 and '81, l)ut does not give the values separately 
 of the different metals coined; in fact the amounts include the bronze 
 coinage of the period covered : 
 
 Amount coined in — 
 
 1879 $->2,S21,lft3 65 
 
 1880 24,ri37,:}54 85 
 
 1881 ^5, 151,721 85 
 
 The same paper furnishes the following statement of the aggregate 
 exports of gold and silver during the years 1878,1870, and 1880: 
 
 Exported in — 
 
 1878 ?i->2, 663, 437 &i 
 
 1879 21,528,938 I'J 
 
 1880 22,086,418 36 
 
 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 
 
 Ed. L. Balccr, United States consid at Buenos Ayics, funiislics an in- 
 teresting article rclativn to the new coinage law of the liepublic, pro- 
 viding that the gold or silver "peso," or dollar, shall be the unit of value 
 — the gold dollar to contain 25.1 grains of standard gold, 000 line, and 
 the silver dollar 25 grams (385.S grains), the same weight as 2 half- 
 dollars of our])resent coinage, lie states that the national mint is now 
 running day and night with a view to i)utting the new coins (S millions 
 of gold and 4 millions of silver) iuto circulation as soon as possible. 
 
 The government has issne<l a decree fixing the value of the old coins 
 and moneys in circulation with respect to the new unit of value. This 
 is the first authorized metallic currency of the republic, the circidating 
 medium heretofore having been pa])er money and coins of gold and 
 silver of foreign countries. 
 
 The bank-notes outstanding June 30, 1881, amounted to $37,101,750. 
 By the terms of the new coinage law all these notes must, within two 
 years, be withdrawn and replaced by notes corres])onding with the new 
 monetary unit. 
 
 HOUVIA. 
 
 Hon. Charles Adams, minister at La Paz, forwards a communication, 
 dated Augnst 30 of the present year, treating of the coinage, ]>rodnc- 
 tion, andconsunii)tion of the ])recious metals in that country during the 
 year 1881. He stat<?s that no gold was coined dnring tlu^ year, but 
 47,425 kilograms of silver, equal to $l,07(Kt>83, were coined at the 
 national mint at Potosi into 20-cent and 10-cent i)ieces. 
 
 The silver exported amounted to about 500,000 Bolivianos, equal to 
 $411,500 in coin, and 8,000,000 Bolivianos, eqnal to $0,584,000 in ores. 
 
 The production of the mines was, of gold, about 3,500 ounces, 
 $72,345; and of silver, 1,100,000 marks, valued at $11,000,000. Xo gold 
 is in circulation or in reserve in the banks. 
 
 The silver circidation of Bolivia on the 31st of December, 1881, is 
 estimated to have been 0,000,000 Bolivianos, equal to $4,038,000, with 
 about 539,000 Bolivianos, equal to $443,507, in the various banks. 
 
 The paper circulation at the sanui time (i)ank exclusively) amounted 
 to about 1,374;809 Bolivianos, equal to $1,131,517.
 
 208 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 CHILI. 
 
 The United States consul at Valparaiso forwards a dispatch relating 
 to the finances of Chili. 
 
 The coinagefor the year 1880 was, gold, $108, 930; silver, $2,226,392.75, 
 and for 1881, gold, $125,280; silver, $3,020,000.95. 
 
 The imports and exports for the year 1880 are given as — 
 
 Gold imports $16,945 
 
 Silver imports - - - ii6, 104 
 
 Gold exports 64,476 
 
 Silver exports 4,546,799 
 
 The production of the mines was about $128,809, gold, and $5,081,747 
 in silver. 
 
 The circulation of the country on the 31st of December, 1880, was, 
 coin, $2,500,000; paper, $28,469,813; and the paper circulation on 
 December 31, 1881, was $26,555,341. 
 
 The coin in reserve is stated as follows : 
 
 In banks $1,600,000 
 
 In treasury 798,000 
 
 Minister Langstou forwards a special repo^ on the national bank of 
 Hayti, and a copy of a law passed by the Co^ys LecjidaUf of the Eepub- 
 lic of Hayti fixing the standard of weight, value, and denomination 
 of the new gold, silver, and bronze national money, to be known as 
 " gourdes," the aggregate to be 2,000,000 gourdes, and the coinage to 
 be executed at Paris. He also furnishes a reply, under date of July 
 14 of the present year, to the Treasury Department circular inquiring 
 in relation to the*^ monetary affairs of that republic. He states that 
 $780,000 of the new silver "gourdes" were coined during the calendar 
 year 1881, and put in circulation. 
 
 The imports of gold coin amounted to $11,494, and of silver coin, in- 
 cluding the new national money, $836,785, while the exports for the 
 same period were, gold, $1,550, and silver, $517,488. 
 
 Mr. Langstou estimates the gold of the republic to have been, on 
 December 31, 1881, from three to five millions of dollars. 
 
 URUGUAY. 
 
 Consul A. L. Eussell forwards from Montevideo a dispatch relative to 
 the coins used iu Uruguay and value at which the coins of other coun- 
 tries are received. 
 
 THE world's production OF GOLD AND SILVER. 
 
 The production of the precious metals in twenty countries whose 
 mines furnish nearly the entire product, is given as revised for the 
 years 1879 and 1880, and is brought down to the close of the calendar 
 year 1881. 
 
 For the latter year, based upon estimates for some of the smaller pro- 
 ducing countries," the total production of gold was, kilograms, 162,163, 
 $107,773,157; silver, kilogTams, 2,349,689, $97,659,460. This is a slight 
 increase upon the production stated for 1880, being about one and a 
 half millions more in gold and three millions in silver.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 209 
 
 THE WORLD S COINAGE. 
 
 The coinage of the United States in both gold and silver has continued 
 to be greater than that of any other nation. For the calendar year 1881 
 more than two-thirds of the year's gold coinage — $136,387,383 — and over 
 one-fourth of the total silver coinage — $100,705,824 — were executed at 
 the mints of the United States. 
 
 The coinage for the three years 1879, 1880, 1881, officially obtained, 
 is as follows : 
 
 Tears. 
 
 Coontriea. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1879 
 
 14 
 16 
 15 
 
 $90,752,811 
 149, 045, 236 
 136, 387 383 
 
 $104,8?8,313 
 
 82,397, 1,14 
 
 100, 700, 824 
 
 $105,641,124 
 
 1880 
 
 232,042 390 
 
 1881 .- 
 
 237, 093, 207 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 376, 785, 430 
 
 287, 001, 291 
 
 6C4, 776, 721 
 
 
 
 
 CIRCULATION OF THE PRINCIPAL COrNTRIES OF THE WORLD. 
 
 A table giving the paper and specie circulation of thirty-four of the 
 principal countries of the world, total and per capita, has been compiled 
 from official dispatches and other accessible data. 
 
 The paper circulation embraces both bank and government issues 
 intended to be used as money, and the total amount of gold and silver 
 coin in the countries, respectively, without deduction for such amounts 
 as may be held as treasury or ba-nk reserves, and in most cases probably 
 includes the bullion as well as the coin of the countries. 
 
 The total amount of circulation of these countries is 83,825,220,078 
 paper, $3,353,673,748 gold coin, $2,182,768,866 silver full legal tender, 
 $438,000,969 limited legal tender; total specie, $5,974,443,583; total 
 circulation, including reserves, $9,799,663,661. 
 
 A further table has been prepared stating the government and bank 
 issues and the reported metallic reserves of gold and silver held in bank 
 and treasury vaults. The total amount of government ])aper issue of 
 thirty-one countries, given in Table No. XXXII, was $1,183,054,771 
 and the bank issue $2,642,165,307, a total of $3,825,220,078. The me- 
 tallic reserves in the treasuries and banks of the same countries, as far 
 as known, amounted to $1,698,986,763. 
 
 An additional table is appended in which the amount of the bank and 
 treasury reserves is deducted from the total metallic and i)aper circu- 
 lation, for the purpose of showing, iu thirty-liv(! countries, the total 
 amount in active circulation, which, outside of the banka and treasuries, 
 was $8,100,676,898. The i)er capita of active circulation iu each of the 
 countries is also given. 
 
 I have again to acknowledge the faithful and ellicient .services of the 
 clerks of the Mint liureaii, among wliom Messrs. I'roston, Leech, and 
 Eckfeldt arc entitled to s])ecial mcutidn for their valuable iissistance in 
 ])reparing tables and compiling aixl arranging statistical material em- 
 bodied in this report. 
 
 1 am, very respectful! v, 
 
 UO RATIO C. BUKCHARD, 
 
 Director. 
 
 Hon. Charles J. Folgkk, 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 14 Ab
 
 210 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 EEPOKT OF FIRST COMPTROLLER OF TEE TREASURY. 
 
 Treasury Department, 
 
 First Comptroller's Office, 
 
 Washington, October 20, 1882. 
 
 Sir : 111 compliance Tvith the request made in your letter of September 
 8, 1882, I have the honor to submit the followiiirj report of the trans- 
 actions of this office during the fiscal year which ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 The following-described warrants were received, examined, counter- 
 signed, entered into blotters, and posted into ledgers under their proi)er 
 heads of appropriations : 
 
 Kind. 
 
 Number 
 of war- 
 rants. 
 
 Amounts. 
 
 APPKOPRIATIOU. 
 
 Treasnry proper 
 
 Public debt 
 
 Diplomatic and consular 
 
 Customs 
 
 Internal revenue 
 
 Interior civil 
 
 Indians and pensions 
 
 War , 
 
 Navy 
 
 ACCOUNTABLE AND 8ETTLEHEXT. 
 
 Treasury proper 
 
 Public debt : 
 
 Quarterly salaries 
 
 Diplomatic and consular 
 
 Customs •■ 
 
 Internal revenue 
 
 Judiciary 
 
 Interior civil 
 
 Indians and pensions 
 
 War 
 
 Navy 
 
 COVERING. 
 
 Indians and pensions repay 
 
 War repay 
 
 Navy repay :••-.•; ■. 
 
 Miscellaneou.s repay : Interior civil, treasury, customs, .iudiciary, diplo- 
 matic and consular, internal revenue, and public lands. 
 
 $28, 067, 
 
 342, 72.3, 
 
 1, 191, 
 
 IS, 1.30, 
 
 4, 932, 
 
 7, 60G, 
 
 79, 071, 
 
 43, 527, 
 
 15, 202, 
 
 456 05 
 506 34 
 435 00 
 303 91 
 849 27 
 940 36 
 251 94 
 670 44 
 701 57 
 
 1.35 
 
 440, 454, 114 88 
 
 3, 0.53 
 
 21, 27.<', P67 36 
 
 79 
 
 342, 869, 059 98 
 
 1,929 
 
 558,562 50 
 
 2, 8-J5 
 
 1,388,120 U 
 
 4,062 
 
 19, 860, 934 89 
 
 4, 523 
 
 4,857,313 02 
 
 3,343 
 
 3, 293, 267 38 
 
 2,153 
 
 6, 951, 418 90 
 
 3, .399 
 
 73, 364, 4f 9 82 
 
 4,608 
 
 44, 908, 724 67 
 
 2,121 
 
 21. 514, 323 57 
 
 32,105 
 
 540. 845, 082 20 
 
 627 
 
 2, 0.';2, 548 21 
 
 1, 610 
 
 1, 348. 280 48 
 
 364 
 
 5. 850, 254 29 
 
 2,575 
 
 3, 185, 137 81 
 
 5,176 
 
 12, 472, 220 79
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 211 
 
 In addition to the above there have been received, registered, and 
 conutersicrned warrants as follows : 
 
 Kinds. 
 
 Miscellanpons revenae covering ■warrants 
 
 Intemnl revenue covering vran-anta 
 
 Lands coveriiiz wan-ants 
 
 CuBUims cuveziu<; tvairauts... 
 
 AmoanU. 
 
 1152, POO, 508 21 
 
 146. 497, 595 45 
 
 4,753,140 37 
 
 220,410,730 25 
 
 524, 470, 974 28 
 
 KP.CAPITL'LATIOjr. 
 
 Pay, repay, sti'l appropriation warrants 37, 416 
 
 Miscellaueoiia aud internal revenue, and lauda, and customs covering 13, 362 
 
 Total wan-ants received and passed 50, 778 
 
 Miscellaneous retiuisitions registered and countersigned 739 
 
 Kequisitiuns on superintendent of buildings aud stationery clerk 413 
 
 Grand total 51,930 
 
 Accounts have been received from the auditing offices, revised, re- 
 corded, and the balances thereon certified to the Kegister of the Treas- 
 ury, as follows : 
 
 Kind. 
 
 FBOH THE FIB6T AUDITOR. 
 
 1. Judiciary: 
 
 Accounts of marshals for their fees and for expenses of courts, 
 of district attorneys aud their a.tsiatants, of clerks of courts, 
 of circuit court commissioners, aud accounts for rent of court 
 rooms 
 
 Judgments by Court of Claims examined and ordered paid 
 
 Total. 
 
 2. Public Debt : 
 
 Accounts of the Treasurer of the United States : 
 
 For coupons payable in coin 
 
 For coupons of Tn-asury notes, Louisville and Portland Canal 
 stock, and old funded del)t of the District of Columbia , 
 
 For registfied .stock of the District of Columbia redeemed 
 
 For District of Columbia 3. Co l)onds purchased for sinking fund 
 
 For United States called bonds redeemed 
 
 For United States bonds purchased for sinking fund , 
 
 For Louisville and Portland Canal stock redeemed 
 
 For interest on United States registered bonds (paid on sched- 
 ules) 
 
 For interest on Pacific Kailroad stock (reimbursable) 
 
 For checks for in\ere8t on funded loaus of ISisi, 1891, and consols 
 of 1907 
 
 For gold certiflcatoa and refunding cert ideates 
 
 For certificates of deposit (act June 8, 1872) 
 
 For legal-tender notes, old demand notes, and fractional cur- 
 rency 
 
 For compound-interest, seven-thirty, aud other old Treasury 
 notes 
 
 For interest on Navy pension fund , 
 
 Total . 
 
 3. Pxtblie Buildings : 
 
 Aoconntw for the ronstmction of public buildings throughout 
 tho United States, and the buiblings for the IJnreau of En- 
 cravingand Priutingand the National MustMim. Wnnhington, 
 1). C. ; for the constniction of tlie bnildiuc for the State, War, 
 and Navy Di-partments ; for the conipU'tion of the Washitii:- 
 ton Monument, and the caie of the iiuUlie building.^ and 
 giounds \iiider the Chief Engineer, I. S. A.; for annu:tl 
 rejiAirs of tl\e Capitol aud improving the Capitol gronuils, 
 extension of (ioveniment Printing t)lht-e, and enlargini; the 
 court-house. Wa.sliington, D. C. ; for Coast aud tJoodetic 
 Surveys; and for the beneficiary and charitable institutions 
 in the District of Columbia 
 
 3, 947 I 89,465 I 4,428,530 1< 
 
 123 2, 530, 939 
 
 18 
 12 
 
 3 
 20 
 12 
 
 38, 793 
 
 677 
 
 45 
 
 67,541 
 
 1,553 
 
 4 
 
 11, 439 
 430 
 
 143, 572 
 
 22,489 
 
 1,512 
 
 1,021 
 
 618 
 1 
 
 303 
 
 21,984 
 
 15, 055, 606 08 
 
 538, 993 72 
 
 27,^ 545 53 
 
 12, COO 00 
 
 114,711,105 12 
 
 8,340,713 72 
 
 4,000 00 
 
 11, 639, 114 84 
 4, 461, 525 92 
 
 28, 942, 912 18 
 
 987,211 29 
 
 13, G30, 000 00 
 
 43, 064, 322 00 
 
 20, 294 73 
 210,000 00 
 
 324 2, 820, 634 241, 899, 945 13 
 
 2, 640. 508 67
 
 212 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Kind. 
 
 4. Steamboats: 
 
 Accounts for salaries and incidental expenses of inspectors of 
 liiiUs and boilers 
 
 5. Territorial: 
 
 Accounts for salaries of Territorial officers and for the legisla- 
 tive and contingent expenses incidental to the government 
 of the Territories 
 
 C. Jlfm( and J.gsay.- 
 A.ccounts for gold, silver, and niclicl coinage; for bullion; for 
 salaries of tlie ofticters and employes of the several mints, and 
 for the general expenses of the same; and for bullion depos- 
 its, purchases, and transfers 
 
 7. Transportation: 
 
 Accounts for transportation of gold and silver coin and bull- 
 ion, minor and base coin, United States curreitf.y, national- 
 bank notes, complete and incomplete coin certincato.s, regis- 
 tered and coui^on bonds, mutilated currency, cancelled and 
 incomplete securities, national-bank notes for redemption, 
 stamp, paper, stationery, boxes, p.arcels, &c 
 
 8. Congressional: 
 
 Accounts for sal.aries of the ofEccrs and employes, and for con- 
 tingent and other expenses of the United States Senate and 
 House of Kepresentativcs 
 
 9. Outstanding Liabilities : 
 
 Accounts arising from demandsjfiir payment of drafts and dis- 
 bursing-othcers' checks which have lemained outstanding for 
 three years, the funds from which they were payable having 
 been covered into the Treasury 
 
 10. District of Columhia: 
 
 Accounts of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia and 
 general accounts between the United States and said District. 
 
 11. Pziblic Printing : 
 
 Accounts of the Public Printer for the salaries and wages of 
 the employes of the Government Printing Ofiice, for the pur- 
 chase of materials for printing, and for contingent expenses 
 of the Government Printing OiHco 
 
 12. Treasurer's General Accounts : 
 
 Quarterly accounts of the Treasurer of the United States for 
 receipts and expenditures, including receipts from all sources 
 covered into the Treasury, and aU payments made from the 
 Treasury 
 
 13. Assistant Treasurers' Accounts: 
 
 Accounts of the several assistant treasurers of the United States 
 for the salaries of their emijloyes and the incidental expenses 
 of their offices 
 
 14. Miscellaneous: 
 
 Accounts of the disbursing oificers of the executive depart- 
 ments for salaries of otficers and employes, and contingent 
 (■xi)en.sbs of the same; accounts for salaries of Senators and 
 Keprpscntatives in Congress; for .salaaies of the .iudges of 
 the United States Supri-me Court, United States circuit and 
 district Judges, district attorneys, and marshals; for salaries 
 and contingent expenses of the ICatioual Boiird of Health; 
 and for the expenses of the tenth cen,s\is 
 
 No. of 
 accounts. 
 
 No. of 
 vouchers. 
 
 875 
 
 9,977 
 
 183 I 1,476 
 
 370 : 120, 160 
 
 197 49,320 
 
 78 1 4,123 
 
 91 
 
 71 
 
 156 
 
 108 
 
 68, 815 
 
 16, 729 
 
 49,453 
 
 1,943 
 
 3, 283 119, 771 
 
 Total from First Auditor. 
 
 9, 976 |3, 373, 958 
 
 Amount in- 
 volved. 
 
 $428, 371 46 
 
 199,814 23 
 
 340,847,283 49 
 
 202, 092 16 
 
 596, 539 94 
 
 14,653 50 
 
 3,744,709 29 
 
 2,619,600 67 
 
 957, 197, 117 12 
 
 347, 997 3f ) 
 
 11, 282, 970 ,=S3 
 
 1, 568, 450, 133 73
 
 REPORT OF THK SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 21* 
 
 Kind. 
 
 I So. of 
 ; accuuntti. 
 
 FEOM THE FIFTH AUDITOU. 
 
 15. Internal Revenue : 
 
 Accounts of collectors of iiitomal rpvoiuie 
 
 Accnuiitrt of same acting as disbursiiij; a;iOuts 
 
 Accounts of intenial-revenuo .stamp agents 
 
 Miscellaneous internal-reveiiuo accounts, such as direct tax 
 accounts with commissioncis and with the States; six diti'cr- 
 ent monthly accounts with tlio Commissioner of Internal 
 Revenue for revenue stamps ; accounts with the disbursing 
 clerk of the Treasury Departraont for salaries of officers and 
 employes in the ofhce of the Coniiiiissionoi- of Internal Reve- 
 nue, and for the payment of intoni;ilrevenue gangers; witli 
 the Secretary of the Tieasuiy for flues, penalties, and for- 
 feitures; with the Tieasury l)ci)arlment for stationery; 
 with revenue agents and distillery survc-Nors ; diawback 
 accounts; accounts for refunding taxivs ilK'gally c<)llo<'ted; 
 for the redemption of internalrcvcnuo shiiiips; for tlie col- 
 lection of legacy and suocessiou taxes; for expenses of de- 
 tecting and suppressing violations of internal revenue laws, 
 including rewards therefor, &C 
 
 16. Foreign Inturcourae : 
 
 Accounts for the .salaries of ministers, charg^'-s d'affaires, con- 
 suls, coTumercial agents, interpreters, secretaries to leg:i- 
 tions, and marsliiils of consular courts; accounts for the 
 relief and proteclion of American seamen, for expenses of 
 prisons in China an<l Jap.an, for contingent expenses of lega- 
 tions and consulates, for salaries and expenses of ieg.ations 
 and consuhites, also, for those of mixed commissious. ac- 
 counts of United States bankers in Londmi ; accounts of tlie 
 disbursing clerk, Uepiirtment of State, for miscellaneous 
 diplomatic expenses, &c 
 
 17. Transportation : 
 
 Accounts for transpoi-tation of intornalrevouno moneys to the 
 sfib-treovsuries and designated depositories, and for tlic trans- 
 poi-tation of stationery, &c., to iuternal-reveuue officers 
 
 Total from Fifth Auditor. 
 
 FROM THE COMinSSIONER OF THE GENERAL LAND OFFICE. 
 
 18. Public Lands : 
 
 Accounts of surveyors-general and the employes in their offices 
 
 Accounts of de]nity surveyors 
 
 Accounts of receivers of public moneys ■- 
 
 Accounts of same acting as disbursing agents 
 
 .Accounts for the refunding of purchase "money paid for lands 
 
 erroneously sold 
 
 Miscellaneous aci^onnts, such as accounts with the several 
 States for indemnity for swamp and overflowed lands erro- 
 neously sold, and for 2 per cent., .'i per cent., and 5 per cent., 
 irpon tlie proceeds of sales of public lands; accounts of sui-- 
 veyors-general for the contingent expenses of their otlices; 
 accounts for the salaries and commissions of registers of local 
 land-offlcos not jiaid by tlio receivers; accounts with the 
 Kansas, Denver, Central, Northoni, and ITnion I'acilic, Itail- 
 roads, for the tnuisportalion of special agents of lllc^ tieiicial 
 Land Oflico; accounts for ])rintiiig and stationery furnislicd 
 the Rcveiivl siirvcyorsgeneral, registers and receivers; a4'- 
 countsof Hjiecial agents of the Interior IJepaitiiifiit ; accoiinls 
 for tlie transportation of public miuio.^t) from tlio local huid- 
 olHces to designated depositories; accounts for salaries and 
 incidental expenses olagents employed to examine and verify 
 public surveys; for tlie return of ileposit.s in excess of the 
 amount reiiuired for the survey of nrivatu land claims; for 
 the transportation of stationery to the several district land- 
 offices, &.C 
 
 Total from Couimissionor of General Land Olllco 
 
 5«7 
 92(5 
 150 
 
 2,314 
 
 2,745 
 
 No. of j 
 vouchers. 
 
 Amount in- 
 volved. 
 
 i7, 5C0 
 39, 591 
 3.097 
 
 $.•504,964,913 5S 
 3, 397, 2S3 92 
 5, 014, 209 37 
 
 40, 608 
 
 31, 481 
 
 7,818 
 
 972,775,693 57 
 
 5,440,868 75 
 
 4, 025 51 
 
 e, 730 170, 055 I 1, 291, 597, 894 70 
 
 234 
 497 
 431 
 380 ! 
 
 533 
 
 3,074 
 
 1,204 
 
 15,073 
 
 2,141 
 
 2, 795 
 
 2.590 
 
 20,883 
 
 420, 722 50 
 1,388,203 05 
 C, or.8, 150 12 
 
 491, 290 41 
 
 43, 088 41 
 
 300, 709 89 
 
 8, 70S, 173 38
 
 214 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Fioni — 
 
 First Auditor 
 
 Fifth Auditor 
 
 Coiimiisaiuuer uf General Land OMce 
 
 Total 
 
 Number. 
 
 9, 97C 
 6, 730 
 2,413 
 
 Vouchers. 
 
 3, 373, 958 
 170, 055 
 •J6, 883 
 
 Amount involved. 
 
 $1,566,450,133 73 
 
 1,291, 597,891 70 
 
 8, 708, 173 38 
 
 19, 119 3, 570, 89(1 
 
 2, 866, 750, 201 81 
 
 EeqiiisitioDs for tlie advance of money from the Treasury, in the num- 
 ber following, have been examined and advances thereon recommended : 
 
 Internal revenue ..'. - 1,.514 
 
 Foreiffu intercourse 1, 37:i 
 
 Judiciary 477 
 
 Public buildings 176 
 
 Mint and assay 379 
 
 District of Columbia B3 
 
 Territorial 49 
 
 Public printing 12 
 
 Miscellaneous 127 
 
 Total 4,190 
 
 Official letters written 12, 701 
 
 Letters received, briefed, and registered 5, 264 
 
 Powers of attorney recorded 833 
 
 Official bonds registered and filed 225 
 
 Miscellaneous contracts and bonds received and registered 479 
 
 Internal-reveaue collector's tax-list receipts recorded, scheduled, and referred. 1, 515 
 Orders of special allowances to collectors of internal-revenue recorded, sched- 
 uled, and referred 328 
 
 Internal-revenue special-tax stamp books counted and certified 5, 468 
 
 Internal-revenue tobacco-stamp books counted and certified 12, 029 
 
 Internal-revenue spirit-stamp books counted and certified 8,474 
 
 Copies of accounts made, compared, and transmitted : 
 
 Internal revenue 1,674 
 
 PubHclauds 1,113 
 
 2,787 
 
 Caveat cases (United States bonds) 47 
 
 Pages copied 8,769 
 
 The foregoing statement omits mention of a hirge amount of official 
 "work which does not admit of systematic classification and detailed re- 
 port, and yet has occupied much time and care ; such as, e. g., investi- 
 gation of legal points arising in the adjustment of accounts, and the 
 preparation of opinions and decisions printed under tlie authority of 
 Congress ; the examination of, and decision upon applications for the 
 issuing of duplicate bonds and other securities lost and destroyed ; ex- 
 amination of powers of attorney for collection of money due to creditors 
 of the United States; decisions upon the rights of persons claiming to 
 be executors, administrators, or heirs of deceased claimants, to receive 
 money due from the United States ; examination of official bonds ; copy- 
 ing of letters forwarded; answering calls for information made by Con- 
 gress, the Departments, and private persons ; receiving and examining 
 emolument returns, and other work of a miscellaneous character. 
 
 EENEWAL OF THE ACT OF JUNE 14, 1S78. 
 
 The fourth section of the act of June 14, 1878 (20 Stat., 130), provides 
 that— 
 
 It shall be the duty of the several accounting officers of the Treasury to continue to 
 receive, examine, and consider the ^lalico and validity of all claims under appropria-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 215 
 
 tions the balances of which have been exhausted or carried to the surphis fund under 
 the jirovisions of said section tliat may be brou<j;ht before thoni within a jjcriod of five 
 yearri. And the Secretary of the Treasury shall report the amount due each claimant 
 at the commencement of each session to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, 
 ■who shall lay the same before Congress for consideration: Provided, Tliat nothing in 
 this act shall be construed to authorize the re-examination and payment of any claim 
 or account which has been once examined and rejected, unless reopened in accordance 
 •with existing laws. 
 
 The "period of five years" mentioned in this section will expire 
 June 14, 1883, before tlie Forty-eighth Congress will assemble. 1 re- 
 Bpectfully recommend that you will call the attention of Congress to 
 this subject, as it would seem proper that the provision above cited 
 should be extended. 
 
 It may be Mell to consider whether it is not desirable that there should 
 be a permanent statute authorizing the examination and report to Con- 
 gress of all claims under appropriations, the balances of which have 
 been exhausted or carried to the surplus fund, which may be brought 
 before the i)roper accounting officers within five years after the ai)pro- 
 priation was made, or, perhaps, more properly, within five years after 
 the right of the claimant originated. 
 
 DISBURSING OFFICERS. 
 
 By existing law, most of the money with which disbursing officers 
 make payments is placed to the credit, respectively, of these officers 
 with an assistant treasurer or designated depository of the United 
 States, and is disbursed on checks to the order of each claimant 
 entitled to payment. When i)ayment is thus made by check, a voucher 
 is executed to the disbursing officer, and on such vouchers his accounts 
 are settled. There is generally no settlement of an account by the 
 accounting officer of the Treasury Department of the money so depos- 
 ited. 
 
 It is possible that some, if not many, of the disbursing officers' checks 
 may never be presented for payment, and there is no general mode of 
 verifying the accuracy of the accounts of depositaries with disbursing 
 officers. 
 
 I respectfully call attention to the subject, so that you may consider 
 whether it is desirable to recommend to Congress that i)rovisiou be 
 made for the settlement of such accounts. 
 
 Under section 310,of tlic llevised Statutes the Secretary of the Treas- 
 ury is every year in receipt of returns from the projx'r uCliceis or des- 
 ignated depositaries, reporting outstanding Ijalances to the credit of 
 disbursing officers or agents which have remained unchanged ou the 
 books of their respective offices for three years. 
 
 Generally, in the cases thus reported, the disbursing officers have long 
 before ceased to act in that capacity, and in many instances their ac- 
 counts as such officers or agents have been adjusted and closed ou the 
 books of this De])artinent. 
 
 Frequently, after a lai)se of three years, in consequence of the death 
 or unknown residence of the late disbursing otlicer, it is found imprac- 
 ticable to secure the returns from him, as contemplated by the last 
 clause of said section, and therefore very difficult to determine to what 
 fund or a])propriation the re])orted outstanding balance belongs. To 
 avoid the doubt asid difficulty arising in such cases, I respectfully rec-
 
 21G PAPERS AOOOMrANYING THH 
 
 fULiineiid Ihiiisaid scclidii .'ilO \h> ;iiim'1kI<mI l»y mi ;i<lflif ioiuil |no\ isioii, 
 as follo^vs : 
 
 Every disbursiu}; otlicoi- of any DejuiitiiuiiiL of the Govcniiiiciit, on n-iuleriii'j; his ac- 
 count at tlie end of his t«im of service, sliall report thcrcrwitli whether or not any 
 public funds remain standing to his credit, as such oflicer, in any oflQw^ or bank or other 
 depository; and if so, Avhat checks, if any, have been drawn ajjainst tiie same or any 
 part thereof, which arc still unpaid and outstanding. 
 
 In this coiinectioii 1 res})ectfiilly call atteution to the followiuf;' ex- 
 tract, taken from the Keport of the ISecretaiy, dated Dcceinber 2, 1878: 
 
 By an act approved March 3, 1857, public disbursing oflieers were required to place 
 all public funds, intrusted to them for disbursement, on deposit with a public depos- 
 itary, and to (baw for the same only in favor of the persons to wliom i)aymcnt was to 
 be made, excepting that they might chock in their ovm names when the jiayments 
 did not exceed twenty doUara. 
 
 The enforcement of this provision, according to its letter, was found impracticable, 
 and the attention of Congress was called to it in the annual rei)()rts of the Secretary 
 for 1857 and 1858, with a recommendation for its modification. 
 
 No action in the matter appears to have been taken by Congress until the act of 
 June 14, 1866, rei)roduced as section 3620 Revised Statutes, was passed. This ap- 
 peared to supersede the act of 1857, in removing the restrictions as to the method in 
 which the money was to be drawn; but by an act approved February 27, 1877, section 
 3620 has been amended by requiring the checks to be dra^ni only in favor of the jier- 
 sons to whom payments are to be made. 
 
 The object which the law evidently seeks to accomplish meets the entire approval 
 of the department, but to carry its provisions into efieet would require paymasters 
 in the' Army to draw their checks in favor of the soldiers to be paid, by name, and 
 paymasters on naval vessels, even during absences for years from the United States, to 
 pay the officers and men only by drawing checks in their favor, on depositaries iji the 
 United States. 
 
 The same embarrassment extends to all public disbursements, and the attention of 
 Congress is called to the matter, with the recommendation that the section be so 
 amended that disbursements may be made under regulations to be prescribed by the 
 Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 The difficulties presented by this statement remain, and hence atten- 
 tion is called to the subject. See Keport Secretary of the Treasury of 
 December 5, 1881, and Eeport of 185G-'o7, page 24, 
 
 DEPUTY COMPTROLLER. 
 
 The usage in this office, which is probably required hy law, has been 
 that the First Comptroller, when present in i)ersou, countersigns all 
 warrants and signs other official papers. I lespectfidly recommend 
 that the Deputy Comptroller be authorized, under the direction of the 
 Comptroller, to sign all official papers and countersign warrants, excej)!, 
 perhaps, "accountable warrants," which require the signature of the 
 Secretary of the Treasury himself, when present. 
 
 As the duty of signing all official papers is, by law, imposed on the 
 Deputy as Acting Comptroller in case of the Comptroller's absence, 
 and as the time of the Comptroller, when present, is almost wholly re- 
 quired for the proper examination of questions of law and matters of 
 official importance, there would seem to be no ground of objection to 
 the measure proposed. 
 
 Under orders of the House of Eepresentatives, a volume of the de- 
 cisions of the Comptroller for the year 1880, and one for 1881, were 
 printed, and copies will be furnished, fixed iu number by law. In ad- 
 , dition to these, fifty copies were distributed to the Departments in 
 * sheets, as originally printed under the authority of tlie Treasury- De- 
 partment. The Comptroller ordered printed, on his own account and 
 exjjense, a limited number of copies, which can, if desired, be furnished
 
 EEPOK'l' O]' I I IK SECRETARY OF TITE TREASURY. 
 
 217 
 
 at cost to Depaitineuts, or be disi)ORed of othervNise, if Con^n-css, at its 
 next session, shall so direct, but if not, they will be disposed of by the 
 Conjptroller. 
 
 Your attention is respectfully invited to the recommendations con- 
 tained in my last annual report, the i)ropriety of which seems to me to 
 be confirmed by observation and experience durinj^ the past year. 
 T have the honor to be, very respectfully, 
 
 WILLIAM LAWRENCE, 
 
 First Comptroller. 
 ITon. Chas. J. FOLGER, 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 REPORT OF SECOND COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Treasury Department, 
 Second Comptroller's Office; 
 
 Washington, October 2G, 1882. 
 Sir: In compliance with your direction, by letter of the 8th ultimo, I 
 submit a report, in two tabular statements, of the transactions of tlfis 
 office during the fiscal year which ended on the 30th day of June, 1882. 
 The first tabular statement shows the total number of accounts, claims, 
 and cases of every kind settled and adjusted and the amounts allowed 
 thereon. 
 
 The second table furnishes a more detailed statement of the same ac- 
 counts, claims, and cases, showing the character of the accounts, the 
 source from which received, the number of each kind, and the amounts 
 allowed. A still more detailed statement is prepared and filed for pres- 
 ervation in this office, but it is deemed too voluminous for publication. 
 
 NUMBER of CASES SETTLED. 
 
 From— 
 
 Xunibor 
 revised. 
 
 Second Auditor 9.4C0 
 
 Thinl Auditor ' 5,815 
 
 Fourth Auditor 1.858 
 
 17, 133 
 Various sources not involving present expenditure -i, f"** 
 
 Total •. j 20,099 
 
 Amonnts. 
 
 $20, 721, 638 
 (i«, 337, 905 
 17, 337, 419 
 
 106, 397, 052 
 306, 022 
 
 100, 763, 074 
 
 ACCOUNTS REVISED DURING the YEAR. 
 
 Charftcter of tbo accounts. 
 
 FROM enCOXD AUDITOR. 
 
 1. Of Army pavm.istors, for pay of'tlio Army - • 
 
 2. OfdiwbiirRiiiiioiruersof llie Ordnaiico Department, for ordnance, ordnance 
 
 storefl, supplies, annorice, aud arsenals 
 
 3. Of dirtlmrsinc otticors of the Medical iJepartnient, for medical and hospital 
 
 supplies ai\d service 
 
 4. Of rt'iruiting otlio^jrs, for regular reci-uiting service 
 
 5. Of MaiiiigiTs of the Soldiers^ Homo 
 
 0. Of misrellaneous disbursinieniH for <ontinK«iit expenses of Army and 
 
 Adjutant-Ofneral's Office, oxjienses of Coiiimauiiiii}; CJi'neral's Ofllce, 
 
 Aiiillerv School, &c •• 
 
 7. Of Indian agents' current and contiunont expenses, annuities, and install- 
 ments 
 
 Total 
 
 Number 
 revised. 
 
 520 
 
 101 
 
 42 
 
 104 
 
 13 
 
 178 
 ,032 
 
 3,740 
 
 Amonnts al- 
 lowed. 
 
 $11,144,950 
 
 1, 307, 473 
 
 408,682 
 99, \h'i 
 70, 130 
 
 162, 6:.7 
 6, W2. 891 
 
 20. 241, 947
 
 218 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 ACCOUNTS KE VISED DURING the F^^i?— Continned. 
 
 Character of accounts. 
 
 NninWrr 
 revised. 
 
 A niounts al- 
 lowed. 
 
 FUOU THIRD AUDITOR. 
 
 1. Of disbnrsiiiK oflicers of the Quartermaster's Department, for reKular and 
 
 iucideiititl service.s 
 
 2. Of disburnin'; olhcers of the Slll)si^^teMCP Department 
 
 3. Of disburttinjc ottjeeis of the Kii^iincei- Depailnieut, for military surveys, 
 
 fortilicatiuus, river and harbor iniijroveuieuts, ic 
 
 4. Of pension agents for payment of Anuy pensions 
 
 Total 
 
 FKOM FOURTH AUDITOP.. 
 
 1. Of paymasters of the Kavy proper, including paymasters at navy-yards, 
 
 and as navy agents and disbursing oilicejs 
 
 2. Of disburaing ollicers .and agents of tlio Marine Corps 
 
 3. Of Navy pentiion agents, for payment of pensionei-s of Navy and Marine 
 
 Corps 
 
 4. Of miscellaneous naval accounts 
 
 Total 
 
 1,698 
 
 206 
 
 10 
 
 109 
 
 205 
 
 $11,278,808 
 2, 823, 943 
 
 C, 955, 7.09 
 44, 030, 454 
 
 C5, 088, 964 
 
 15, 700, 176 
 584, 800 
 
 788, 087 
 22, 832 
 
 17, 155, 895 
 
 CLAIMS REVISED DURING the TEAR. 
 
 Character of claims. 
 
 Number. Amounts. 
 
 FROM SECOND AUDITOR. 
 
 1. Soldiers' pay and bounty 
 
 2. Miscellaneous claims. Pay Department 
 
 FROM THIRD AUDITOR. 
 
 1. For lost property, paid under act of March 3, 1849 ._ -. 
 
 2. For quartermasters' steres and commissary supplies, paid under act of July 
 
 4,1864 '. 
 
 3. State war claims, act 1862, &c ■ 
 
 4. For Army transportation 
 
 5. For miscellanpou s claims 
 
 6. Oregon and Washington war claims 
 
 7. Of representatives of deceased pensioners • 
 
 8. Claims revised and disallowed 
 
 FROM FOURTH AUDITOR. 
 
 1. For r.fucers' and sailors' pay and bounty 
 
 2. For prize money 
 
 5,412 
 
 402 
 
 1,307 
 8 
 774 
 975 
 10 
 425 
 156 
 
 1,271 
 
 $440, 976 
 38, 715 
 
 49,845 
 
 201,403 
 
 477,115 
 
 1, 482, 946 
 
 334, 757 
 
 2, 3'JO 
 
 10, 575 
 
 , 179, 002 
 2, 402 
 
 Total .--.I 11,405 3,310,246 
 
 CASES ADJUSTED, NOT INVOLVING'^PRESENT EXPENDITURE. 
 
 Xumber. 
 
 Amounts 
 involved. 
 
 1. Duplicate checks approved 
 
 2. Financial agents' accounts (Xaval) . . 
 
 3. Referred cases ailjusted and decided 
 
 4. S^)ecial accounts (Army) 
 
 447 
 4 
 
 2,312 
 803 
 
 Total. 
 
 3, rm 
 
 $27, 257 
 309, 034 
 
 29, 131 
 
 3C8, 022 
 
 Bonds filed during the rear 88 
 
 Coutrat'ts tiled during the year — - - -• 1, 9i>5 
 
 Official letters written and copied 1. ^^S 
 
 Requisitions countersigned and recunled 1~, •J--'^ 
 
 Settlements recorded 8,842 
 
 Diti'ereuces recorded -. -- 3,423 
 
 Clerks employed, average 63i
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 219 
 
 The current work of the office is in a more advanced condition than 
 it has previously been since the year ISfJl, the quantity of delayed cur- 
 rent accounts haviug- been steadily diminished each quarter year for 
 several years past, with a corresponding diminution of time between 
 their rendition and settlement; and, except in the settlement of the ac- 
 counts and claims hereinafter specially referred to, the work of the 
 office has been promptly dispatched during the year. 
 
 Owing to tlie etiect of the decision of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States in the case of Capt. E. W. Tyler vs. the United States, 
 rendered at the October term, 1881, which changed the mode of com- 
 puting the longevity increase payable to oflicers of the Army, a very 
 great amount of additional work has devolved upon this ofhce in the 
 adjustment of Army officers' accounts. 
 
 In addition to the new work thus originated, it has been deemed neces- 
 sary to enter upon the settlement of the accounts heretofore accrued in 
 favor of the Soldiers' Home under the act of March 3, 1851 (section 4818, 
 Revised Statutes), which grants to that institution all stoppages and 
 fines adjudged against soldiers, all forfeitures on account of desertions, 
 and the custody of the money of deceased soldiers remaining unclaimed 
 for three years. It is estimated that the amount due to the Soldiers' 
 Home on these accounts exceeds a million dollars, and that the settle- 
 ment of these two classes of accounts will require labor more than 
 equivalent to that of eight experts for a period of one year. 
 
 It also happens that the number of soldiers' bounty claims transmit- 
 ted to this office for settlement during the last ten months is much 
 in excess of those transmitted for similar periods within several years 
 past. 
 
 The pressing necessity for early settlement of these three classes of 
 claims has made it necessary to place upon them nearly all the force 
 heretofore employed in the current work of settling paymasters' ac- 
 counts ; thirteen out of the fourteen men on duty in the Army jjay divi- 
 sion of the office being at present engaged thereon. 
 
 Whatever means can be lawfully taken to increase the number of ex- 
 perts in the revision of Army ])ay accounts thus accumulating in the 
 office Avill bo greatly to the advantage of the service. 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 W. W. UPTOX, 
 
 Comptroller. 
 
 Hon. CHAS. J. FOLGER, 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 EEPOllT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS. 
 
 Treasury Department, 
 
 Office of CoMMissroNER of Customs, 
 
 Washington City, J). C, October 24, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I have tlie honor to submit herewith for y(mr information a" 
 
 statement of the work performed in this ollice during tlie liscal year 
 
 ending June 30, 1882. 
 
 Number of accouuta on hand July 1. If^"*! l^\ 
 
 Number of accounts received from llu' Fiist Amliinr during the year 5,707 
 
 5,8'Jl 
 
 Number of iiccmints adjusted duritif; thn year 5,7:<0 
 
 Number of accounts returned to the Firat Auditor )*•* 
 
 r., 7r>2 
 
 Number of accounts on Laud June 30, 188*2 Ijy
 
 220 PAPKRS ACCO^IPANYLNG THK 
 
 1'Ih'i-(' wiiH \Kx\([ iiilo tlic Treasury tVoni .sources, the accounts relating 
 t.o Avhieli are settled in this oilicc: 
 
 On account of utiHtoins ?;->:20, 410,730 25 
 
 On aoconnt of iniirino-hospital tax 406,103 59 
 
 On atconiil of steamboat Ices ,. 279,889 30 
 
 On acciHiiil of fmca, penalties, aud forfcitnres 10'), 644 80 
 
 On acconnt of storage, fees, &c '. 867,338 36 
 
 On acconnt of deceased passengers 370 00 
 
 On acconnt of cniolnment fees 368,822 74 
 
 On acconnt of mileage of examiners 1,542 10 
 
 On acconnt of interest on debts due 853 92 
 
 On account of rent of ])nl)lic buildings 3, 143 75 
 
 On account of relief of sick and disabled seamea 2, 112 10 
 
 On acconnt of proceeds of government property 22, 799 'M 
 
 On account of miscellaneous items 59 
 
 Aggregate 222,469,350 84 
 
 And there was paid out of tlie Treasury on the following accounts, 
 viz : 
 
 Expenses of collecting the revenue from customs $6, 506, 359 26 
 
 Excess of deposits 3,680,845 77 
 
 Debentures 2,092,907 27 
 
 Public buildings 2,365,353 31 
 
 Construction and maintenance of lights 2, ;i92, 147 12 
 
 Construction and maintenance of revenue-cutters 907, 429 21 
 
 Marine-Hospital Service 468, 120 16 
 
 Life-saving stations 598,624 59 
 
 Detection and prevention of frauds upon the customs revenue 43, 471 24 
 
 Compensation in lieu of moieties 30, 628 82 
 
 Protection of sea-otter hunting grounds aud seal-fisheries in Alaska.. 19, 559 10 
 
 Seal-fisheries in Alaska 15,263 06 
 
 Inspecting neat cattle shipped to foreign j)orts 10,475 67 
 
 Metric standard weights and measui'cs 7,747 78 
 
 Distribution of standard weights and measures for use of collectors.. 7, 800 00 
 
 Unclaimed merchandise 2, 203 63 
 
 Keport of taxation upon ship-owners under State laws 1, 000 00 
 
 Debentures and other charges 179 45 
 
 Refunding money erroneously received and covered into the Treasury 172 85 
 
 Extra pay to officers aud men in Mexican war — revenue marine 156 00 
 
 Relief of officers and crew of whaling barks Mount Wallaston and 
 
 Vigilant 6,000 00 
 
 Relief of Sidney P. Luther 85 00 
 
 Relief of Timothy E.Ellsworth 2,580 50 
 
 Aggregate 19,159,109 79 
 
 Number of estimates received and examined 2, 717 
 
 Number of requisitions issued ' 2, 717 
 
 Amount involved in requisitions §15,729, 303 61 
 
 The number of letters received 11,709 
 
 The number of letters written 10, 447 
 
 The number of letters recorded : 6,843 
 
 The number of stubs of receipts for duties and fees returned by col- 
 lectors 246,802 
 
 The number of stubs examined 223,978 
 
 The number of stubs of certificates of payment of tonnage dues re- 
 ceived and entered 8, 061 
 
 The number of returns received and examined 77, 369 
 
 The number of oaths examined and registered 2,578 
 
 The number of appointments registeretl .■ 3,680 
 
 The average number of clerks employed 30 
 
 I inclose herewitli a statement of the transactions in bonded goods dar- 
 ing the year ending June 30, 1882, as shown by the adjusted accounts, 
 I am, very respectfullv, vour obedient servant, 
 
 H. C. JOH^^SOiT, 
 Commissio7ier of Cnstoms. 
 The Secretary op the Treasury.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 221 
 
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 222 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
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 224 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 KErOET OF THE FIKST AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Treasury Department, 
 First Auditor's Office, 
 Washington, October 17, 1882. 
 
 Sir : I have the honor to submit the following- exhibit of the business 
 transacted in this office during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882 : 
 
 Accouuts a'djusted. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 EECEIPTS. 
 
 Datiea on mercLandise and tonnage 
 
 Steamboat fees 
 
 Fines, penalties, and forfeitures 
 
 Marine-hospital money collected 
 
 Official emoluments of coUectois, naval officers, and surveyors 
 
 Monej's received on account of deceased passengers 
 
 Moneys received from sales of old materials, «fcc 
 
 Miscellaneous receipts 
 
 Moneys retained from Pacific railroad companies for accmed interest on bonds 
 
 Treasurer of the United States, for moneys received 
 
 Mints and Assay Offices 
 
 Water rents, Hot Springs, Arkansas 
 
 Total 
 
 DISBTTRSEMEIfTS, 
 
 Espenses of collecting the revenue from customs 
 
 Detection and prevention of frauds on customs revenue 
 
 Debentures, drawbacks, &c • 
 
 Excess of deposits refunded 
 
 Kevenuecntt-er service 
 
 Duties refunded, fines remitted, judgments satisfied, &.C 
 
 Marine-Hospital Service 
 
 Official emoluments of collectors, naval officers, and surveyors 
 
 Awards of compensation 
 
 Light-House establishment, miscellaneous 
 
 Sauries of light-house keepers 
 
 Supplies of hght-houses - 
 
 Repairs of light-houses 
 
 Expenses of light- vessels 
 
 Expenses of buoyage 
 
 Expenses of fog signals 
 
 Expense* of lighting and buoyage of the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio 
 
 Kivers 
 
 Expenses of inspeption of lights 
 
 Steam-tenders and light-ships for Light-House-Service ,. 
 
 Commissions to superintendents of lights 
 
 Salaries and mileage of Senators - 
 
 Salaries, officers and employes. Senate 
 
 Salaries and mUeage members and delegates, House of Representatives 
 
 Salaries, officers and employes, House of Representatives 
 
 Salaries of employes, Executive Mansion 
 
 Salaries paid by disbursing clerks of the Departments 
 
 Salaries, oflicers and emploves. Independent Treasury 
 
 Salaries of the civil list, paid directly from the Treasury 
 
 Salaries, office of the Public Printer 
 
 Salaries, Bureau of Engraving and Printing 
 
 Salaries, Congressional Library 
 
 Salaries, standard weights and measures 
 
 Salaries, Steamboat-Inspection Service 
 
 Salaries, special agents, Independent Treasury 
 
 Salaries, custodians and .janitors 
 
 Salaries, Agricultural Department 
 
 Salaries, Botanic Garden 
 
 Salaries and expenses, Kational Board of Health 
 
 Salaries of employes, public buildings and grounds 
 
 Contingent expense-s. Executive Mansion 
 
 Contingent expenses, United States Senate 
 
 Contingvnt expenses. House of Representatives 
 
 Contingent ex])en.ses, Dopaitiiunts, Wa.shington 
 
 Contingent expenses, Independent Treasury 
 
 Contingent expenses, Steamboat-Inspection Service 
 
 Contingent expenses, public buildings and grounds 
 
 Contingent expenses, oflicc of Public Printer 
 
 1.426 
 
 $217, 547, 047 93 
 
 1,25« 
 
 327, 459 12 
 
 767 
 
 120, 923 47 
 
 1,501 
 
 343, 003 88 
 
 1,191 
 
 1, 018, 784 48 
 
 51 
 
 1, 190 00 
 
 249 
 
 340, 110 35 
 
 698 
 
 988, 717 31 
 
 12 
 
 810, 833 80 
 
 •5 
 
 604, 560, 683 14 
 
 25 
 
 147, 593, 326 82 
 5, 391 D9 
 
 i2 
 
 7,193 
 
 973, 657, 471 39 
 
 1,663 
 
 6,481,128 52 
 
 6 
 
 32, 553 56 
 
 185 
 
 1, 080, 026 03 
 
 504 
 
 2, 240. 989 25 
 
 534 
 
 743,490 61 
 
 1,323 
 
 L 552, 194 53 
 
 1,145 
 
 451, 977 59 
 
 1,166 
 
 813, 195 81 
 
 161 
 
 25, 050 04 
 
 28 
 
 9, 117 67 
 
 101 
 
 558, 969 28 
 
 108 
 
 311,614 77 
 
 86 
 
 276, 396 65 
 
 36 
 
 222, 623 57 
 
 83 
 
 306. 369 88 
 
 57 
 
 53, 042 74 
 
 29 
 
 187, 277 32 
 
 15 
 
 3, 512 19 
 
 10 
 
 140, 209 20 
 
 3 
 
 14, 405 24 
 
 6 
 
 434, 885 83 
 
 18 
 
 258, 618 89 
 
 1 
 
 731, 461 44 
 
 72 
 
 291, 364 94 
 
 5 
 
 41, 079 96 
 
 301 
 
 5, 89^, 459 57 
 
 46 
 
 336, 905 51 
 
 1,951 
 
 571, 751 25 
 
 4 
 
 13,600 00 
 
 12 
 
 25, 993 36 
 
 8 
 
 44 372 64 
 
 4 
 
 4,273 55 
 
 7 
 
 251,026 39 
 
 5 
 
 2, 697 38 
 
 6 
 
 89,001 90 
 
 4 
 
 76, 671 73 
 
 5 
 
 10, 307 04 
 
 9 
 
 101, 570 05 
 
 5 
 
 38, 969 13 
 
 6 
 
 12, 514 29 
 
 42 
 
 151, 287 77 
 
 44 
 
 187, 455 99 
 
 528 
 
 463, 992 37 
 
 217 
 
 99, 132 66 
 
 896 
 
 38, 183 75 
 
 5 
 
 512 63 
 
 9 
 
 1,500 62
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 225 
 
 Accounts adjusted. 
 
 DISBUKSEMENTS— Continued. 
 
 Contingent expenses, ^'ational Currency, reimburfinble - 
 
 Conlinsent expenseB, Court of Claims .* 
 
 Contingent expenses. Library of Congress ••;---. ■ — 
 
 Contingent expenses, executive offices, Territories 
 
 Contingent exjieuses. Department of A gricnlturo 
 
 Contingent expenses. Mints anil Assay Ollicee - — 
 
 Stationery, Interior Department - — 
 
 Twasurer of the United States, for general expenditunes — 
 
 Gold and silver bullion account - — 
 
 Ordin-ary expenses, Minis and Assay Offices , 
 
 Parting nnd i-etininjr bullion 
 
 Coinage of standard silver dollars 
 
 Freight on bullion and coin - - 
 
 Ti-nnspoilation of silver coin t — 
 
 Storage of silver dollars - 
 
 Fixtures and apparatus, assay otficc, Saint Louis 
 
 Manufai'ture uf medals -- 
 
 Legislative expenses, Territories of the United States 
 
 Defending suits in claims against the United States 
 
 Kxnmiuation of r^ hel archives — 
 
 Collecting mining statistics - 
 
 (ieodetic'and '."oast Survey of the United States 
 
 Geological survey of the Territories and s-alarv of Directiirr 
 
 Ulnst rations tor :\>port on geological survey of the XerTitories 
 
 Lands and other property of the Uui tod States 
 
 Protection and improv<<ment of Hot Springs, Arkiinsas , 
 
 Expenses of rollectuig rentu, Hot SprinLjs 
 
 ReprodncinLT plat* of surveys, General Land Office 
 
 Adjusting claims for iudeninity for swamp lands ._ 
 
 Protection and improvement of Yellowstone Park 
 
 Commission to ehis-sily land and codify land hnvs 
 
 Depredations on public timber 
 
 B«>clamation of arid and waste lands 
 
 North American Kthnology, Smithsonian Institution , 
 
 Polaiis report, Smithsonian Institution 
 
 Judicial expenses, embracing accounts of L'uited States marshals, district 
 attorneys, clorks and commissioners, rent of court-bouses, support of pris- 
 oners, &c 
 
 Prosecution of crimes 
 
 Suppre«8lng coonterfeitinuj and oimo 
 
 Investigation of fratuls, Oince of Coninii8.sioner of Pensions . 
 
 Kegistered stock 
 Coupons . 
 
 INTKllEST ACCOU'.N r. 
 
 District of Columbia, Washington, Georgetown, aoid corporation bonds , 
 
 Xavv pension fi;nd 
 
 Louisville and Portland Canal Company's bonds , 
 
 laaif.MPTiox ACCotrxT. 
 Uuitoil States bonds, cnllt'd : 
 
 Principal 
 
 lutt-rest 
 
 lTultt>d States bonds, pnroluised lor sinking fund: 
 
 Principal 
 
 Int<<rest - 
 
 Itefunding certillcates : 
 
 I'l-incTpal 
 
 Interest 
 
 Cert illoat es of deposit ,. 
 
 Di.striet of Columbia stock : 
 
 I'rinclpal 
 
 Intei-cel and premium 
 
 Louisville and Portland Canal Company's l)unds 
 
 Notes, one and two yeajs, compoiin J interest und 7-30s : 
 
 Principal 
 
 In t ercst 
 
 I.egal-teniler nntts dcst toyed 
 
 I'rnclioiiiU cui renc v destroved 
 
 (Hd ileniand nr)tes destroyeil 
 
 Iftdeuiption, worn ;iml iiiutUaled I'liitod States uot^^s. . 
 
 I!»-fuuding the natiuuiii debt 
 
 1'jxpen.ies ofuatiou.il currency 
 
 JCxaminiition of uatiouui UanU.saud bank plates 
 
 ■Judgments of tbo Court of Claims 
 
 Jleporting decisions of the Court of Claims _ 
 
 Ontstanding drafts and chci^ks 
 
 Amount 
 
 59 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 G 
 
 101 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 94 
 
 24 
 
 39 
 
 10 
 
 G 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 .■■> 
 
 3 
 
 51 
 
 .32 
 
 27 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 .-) 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 5,S81 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 C 
 
 37 
 
 104 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 i'c" 
 
 7 
 .... 
 
 43 
 
 15 Ab 
 
 .ti 
 1 
 
 1(»7 
 
 147, 
 4, 
 1, 
 
 12! 
 
 57, 
 
 555, 319, 
 
 143,858, 
 
 1,536. 
 
 327, 
 
 171, 
 
 ■''9, 
 
 13, 
 
 17. 
 
 6, 
 
 25, 
 
 63, 
 
 29, 
 
 5, 
 
 4, 
 
 585, 
 
 1«0, 
 
 6, 
 
 4, 
 
 8, 
 
 1, 
 
 24, 
 
 16, 
 
 16, 
 
 41. 
 
 19, 
 
 41, 
 
 2, 
 
 731 48 
 973 37 
 391 40 
 182 18 
 496 80 
 068 S2 
 711 26 
 437 21 
 C39 98 
 950 07 
 &51 02 
 369 47 
 892 00 
 859 20 
 281 02 
 506 12 
 498 23 
 
 164 80 
 743 50 
 753 75 
 598 71 
 199 20 
 905 42 
 080 11 
 575 24 
 633 18 
 
 165 47 
 942 00 
 453 57 
 203 78 
 586 59 
 228 66 
 533 14 
 772 71 
 215 30 
 
 3. 913, 974 87 
 l'>, 512 36 
 97, 058 79 
 *Xi, 319 30 
 
 06, 780, 922 43 
 
 11, 364, 550 OS 
 
 493, 144J 18 
 
 210,000 Oil 
 
 10, 970 00 
 
 80, 3j2, 550 00 
 1, 487, 691 91 
 
 73, 321, 900 00 
 653, 272 85 
 
 2 18, ,100 00 
 
 •Si, 441 2il 
 
 IS, 451, 110 00 
 
 248, 200 00 
 35,287 14 
 35,880 0(1 
 
 17.840 0« 
 
 2, 72G K-. 
 
 39, 221. 872 Ol» 
 
 51, 2*« 00 
 
 7:« (Mt 
 
 22,502 08 
 
 411 07 
 
 133,971 H.T 
 
 79 45 
 
 595. .Wl 17 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 15,093 95
 
 226 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Accounts adjua 1-0(1. 
 
 DISimitSEMENTS— Continued. 
 
 Post-Office Dppartment requisitions •• 
 
 Postage -• •'• 
 
 l/iffisariuf: Service •••' 
 
 Lifc-sn vins Sorvice, contingent expenses .- 
 
 EstftVilishiiii iifcsavinsr stations — 
 
 Pul)lic. jirintinir .and binding -■ 
 
 Tf lepbonio, coniicclion between tho Capitol and Ofrvrrnmpnt Printnij; Office . 
 Tolcjrraph liotwern tlm Capitol, Depart nients, and Government Printing OtRce. 
 
 L.iboi- iiiirt expanses of ou;;iaviJig and printing 
 
 Propagation of foodtishoH - - 
 
 niiistrations for report on food-fislies - 
 
 Inquiry rcspectins food-iislies - 
 
 Steam vensels ( food-fishes) - >• 
 
 Construction of fisb pond on Monument lot — --. 
 
 Fish-hatcbins establisbiuont 
 
 Increase of Lilirary of Congress 
 
 Pumitnre for Lilmiry of Congress ; 
 
 Joint Select Committee to provide additional accommodations for Library of 
 
 Congress - ■ 
 
 Works of art for the Capitol — ■ 
 
 Library, Treasury Department 
 
 Construction of cuatom-houses •--" 
 
 Construction of court-houses and post-offices - 
 
 Construction of appraisers' stores - 
 
 Construction of sub-treasury building, New York 
 
 Construction of National Museum ■ 
 
 Construction of building for State, "War, and Niivy Departments 
 
 Construction of barge olfice. New York 
 
 Construction of light-houses ---,- ■ 
 
 Construction of building for Bureau of Engraving and Printing 
 
 Construction of extension of Government Printing Office 
 
 Construction of marine hospitals 
 
 Construction of sub-treasury bailding, S.an Francisco — 
 
 Construction of penitentiary building, Dakota — 
 
 Construction of assay offices ■ 
 
 Construction and repair of revenue steamers — 
 
 Plans for public buildings -- - 
 
 Completion of Washington Monument 
 
 Reconstruction of Interior Department building 
 
 Kepairs of the Interior Department building 
 
 Repairs, fuel, &c., Executive Mansion ■ 
 
 Annual repairs of the Capitol 
 
 Annual repairs of the Treasury building - 
 
 Repairs and preservation of public buildings 
 
 Fire-proof roof, building comer of Seventeenth and F streets 
 
 Rent of buildings in Washington » 
 
 Lighting, <fec., Executive Mansion - 
 
 Lighting the Capitol grounds 
 
 i?"uel, lights, and water for public buildings 
 
 Fuel, lights, &c., Department of the Interior 
 
 Furniture and repairs of same, public buildings 
 
 Vaults, safes, and locks for puldio buildings.... .- 
 
 Heating apparatus for public buildings 
 
 Heating apparatus for Son.ate 
 
 Improvement and care of public grounds 
 
 Improving Capitol grounds 
 
 Retained percentages, improving Capitol grounds 
 
 Constmctin g elevator, Executive Mansion 
 
 Elevator in Tlouse wing of Capitol 
 
 Repair of building on Tenth street 
 
 Purchase of Freedman's Bank building 
 
 Iraproviug Bot.inic Garden and Imildings 
 
 Improving grounds, Agricultural Department 
 
 Washington Aqueduct 
 
 Repair.s of water-pipes and fire-plugs 
 
 (J(ni»tructing, repairing, and maintaining bridges, District of Columbia 
 
 Agricultural Department, experinieutal garden 
 
 Agricultural Department, library 
 
 Agricultural Department, iiiiiseiini i... 
 
 Agricultural Department, laboratory 
 
 Agricultural Department, furniture" cases, &.c 
 
 Agricultnri'l Dej)artnient, collee.ting statistics 
 
 Agricultural Departnient.-'purebfise and distribution of valnaVde seeds 
 
 ConiiuiKsion to ie;iort on the csdton worm and Koeky Mountain locust 
 
 InvpRtigating di.seaaos of .swine and other domestic animals 
 
 Investig.iting tlie liistorv of insects injurious to agriculture 
 
 Miichiiiery and experiments in the manufacture of .sugar 
 
 Experiments in llie culture of tea * 
 
 Examination t>f wools aud animal fibers 
 
 Amount. 
 
 30 
 90 
 48 
 
 2r< 
 
 1.51 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 2:j 
 
 1 
 
 .5 
 11 
 
 4 
 10 
 2 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 263 
 
 282 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 164 
 
 12 
 4 
 1 
 
 12 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 7 
 9 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 23 
 5 
 
 32 
 4 
 5 
 
 70 
 5 
 
 37 
 7 
 
 20 
 3 
 5 
 .5 
 
 $133, 923 (T7 
 
 143, (..-.R 1.5 
 
 471,410 70 
 
 .33.691 fi8 
 
 29,048 .34 
 
 1, 34.5, 160 67 
 
 193 00 
 
 939 67 
 
 1,2.78, 9 IS ?6 
 
 116, M2 79 
 
 37 32 
 
 2, 099 93 
 
 1,894 61 
 
 4, 113 08 
 
 '.), 99!t 81 
 
 17, 01.'4 86 
 
 269 50 
 
 2, 870 00 
 
 876 72 
 
 471 73 
 
 1,312,285 11 
 
 786,571 10 
 
 31, Xii 94 
 
 195 00 
 
 22, 781 56 
 
 380,511 ,54 
 
 2, 806 31 
 505, 265 22 
 
 9, 580 70 
 
 35, 898 80 
 
 1,800 00 
 
 3, 061 79 
 533 45 
 
 3,084 01 
 62, 849 88 
 
 4. 121 03 
 135, 9G6 18 
 7.5,618 64 
 15, 307 59 
 50,285 64 
 50,130 53 
 38, 989 15 
 144, 192 17 
 
 14, 527 23 
 66, 260 00 
 1.5, 178 41 
 28, 875 69 
 
 352,612 27 
 
 9,350 92 
 
 101, 620 39 
 
 46. 386 00 
 96, 424 47 
 
 2, 453 64 
 
 47, 780 21 
 59.347 42 
 
 4, 4S7 77 
 
 2, 000 00 
 
 6, 983 19 
 1,000 no 
 
 250, 000 00 
 11,9.-8 64 
 
 7, on .59 
 17, 857 07 
 
 ],7.<^5 88 
 2,747 60 
 
 6, .'•■95 91 
 89i 32 
 459 39 
 
 2,519 19 
 
 3, 9-59 63 
 11,749 H 
 93, l-M 48 
 
 .s, (.96 44 
 
 15. 880 22 
 21,].'>0 27 
 l:>. 788 73 
 
 7, 051 54 
 5, 788 54
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 227 
 
 Accounts adjusted. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS-Continued. 
 
 Report on forestry 
 
 Data respecting agricultural needs of arid regions, United States 
 
 TratirtportatioD, agrirultiiral and mineral specimens to Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Building for Department of Agriculture « 
 
 Preparation of receipts, expi-nditurcs, and appropriations of the government. 
 
 Centennial celebration, Groton Heights... 
 
 Cen tenuial celebration, Yorktowu 
 
 Yorktown iloniinieut 1 
 
 Maps of the United States 
 
 TrauMportation of maps and reports to foreign countries 
 
 Distinctive paper for United States securities 
 
 Chocks and certificates of deposit 
 
 Captured anil aliandoued projierty 
 
 Refonn School, District ot Columbia 
 
 Freedman's UoKpiial and .Vs.vlnm 
 
 Government Hosjiital for t lie Insane, buildings, &o 
 
 Government Hospital for the Insane, current expenses 
 
 Columbia lustitiitioii for the Deaf and Dumb, buildings, &c 
 
 Columbia Instituticm for the Deaf aud Dumb, cuiTent expenses 
 
 Columbia Ilosiiital for Women 
 
 Howard University 
 
 Saint Ann's lui'aut Asylum 
 
 Children's Ilospital 
 
 National Association for the Relief of Colored Women and Children 
 
 Women's (' hrist ian As!?ociation 
 
 Industrial Home School 
 
 Maryland Institution for the Instruction of the Blind 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Transfers by warrant and counter- warrant 
 
 DIBTBICT OF COLUMBIA ACC0UKT8. 
 
 Refunding taxes 
 
 Washington redemption fund 
 
 Redenipt ion of tiix-licn certilicates 
 
 Relief of th(! poor 
 
 Support and medical treatment of infirm poor 
 
 Employment of the poor 
 
 Relief of Thomas Lucas 
 
 Salaries aud contingent expenses 
 
 Improvement and repairs 
 
 Washington Asylum 
 
 Georgetown Almshouse 
 
 Governn^ent Hospital for the Insane 
 
 Transportation of paupers and prisoners 
 
 Reform School 
 
 Public schools 
 
 Metropoli t an police 
 
 Fire department 
 
 Courts. 
 
 Streets 
 
 Health department 
 
 Miscellaneous and contingent expenses 
 
 Washington Asylum, building and grounds....... 
 
 Markets 
 
 Wa8hingt<in special-tax fund 
 
 Payment of the Liuthicum loan 
 
 Water fund 
 
 Judgments 
 
 Industrial Ilome School 
 
 Constructing, repairing, and maintaining bridges. 
 
 Total. 
 
 323 
 
 $3,224 84 
 2,^823 25 
 715 45 
 3, 147 84 
 6, 545 47 
 5, 000 00 
 
 10, 128 50 
 
 3, 587 90 
 11, 909 75 
 
 490 82 
 36, 027 39 
 13, 684 10 
 
 1, 125 61 
 
 48, 922 88 
 
 42, 884 82 
 
 2G, 114 85 
 
 281,570 80 
 
 0, 369 49 
 5.', 3.'.0 73 
 19, 579 03 
 10, 255 00 
 
 5, 001 58 
 
 5, 002 56 
 
 6, 862 97 
 5,184 60 
 
 12,097 17 
 
 4, b25 00 
 3.10, 493 80 
 
 18, 003 41 
 
 3,472 
 
 1,930 
 
 4,172 
 
 11, 377 
 
 4,099 
 
 19, 934 
 
 •J. 741 
 
 111.933 
 
 R'i, 826 
 
 51,478 
 
 2 926 
 
 104, 751 
 
 5, 234 
 
 12.786 
 
 483, ^62 
 
 379, 472 
 
 13C, 773 
 
 2,768 
 
 248, .')96 
 
 40, 974 
 
 4.3, 703 
 
 8,200 
 
 14,763 
 
 11, 972 
 
 40, 000 
 
 94, 589 
 
 442 
 
 4,918 
 
 6,490 
 
 20, 803 1, 025, 640, 807 75 
 
 Nuinl)cr of certificates recorded 15,179 
 
 Nuinhcr of letters recorded 4,501 
 
 Judiciary emolument accounts registered and referred 538 
 
 Number of powers of attorney for collection of interest on the public debt 
 
 examined, registered, and filed 3,568 
 
 Requisitions a^8^ve^ed „ 1,019
 
 228 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 SUMMARY STATEMENT of the WORE of the OFFICE, as shoion hy the, REPORTS of 
 the various DIVISIONS and MISCELLANEOUS DESKS. 
 
 CUSTOMS DIVISION. ! 
 
 Oomprieing the aeeounts of OoUector» of Cuttomefor Receipts of OtiMoms Jievenve and Dlghureementt for 
 the Expenses of OolUcting the same, and also including Accounts of Collectors for Receipts and Disburse- 
 ments tn connr/ition vnth the Revenue- Cutter, Uteamboat, Fines, Lvght-IJouse, and Marine- JTospital Serv- 
 ices, with Accounts for Official Emoluments, Debentures, Refunds of Duties, Sales of Old Materials, and 
 Miscellaneous Disbursements. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Receipts 
 
 Disbursements 
 
 Total... 
 
 $220, 357, 057 96 
 13, 085, 141 82 
 
 233, 442, 199 78 
 
 JUDICIARY DIVISION. 
 
 Comprising the Accounts of District Attorneys, Marshals, Clerks, and Commisiotiers, Rents, and Miscel 
 
 laneous Court Accounts. 
 
 Disbursements 5,581 $3,913,974 87 
 
 Amount. 
 
 PUBLIC DEBT DIVISION. 
 
 Public Debt Division, comprising aM Accounts for Payment of Interest on the Public Debt, both registered 
 Stock and Coupon Bonds, Interest on District of Columbia Bonds. Pacific Railroad Bonds, LouisviUe 
 and Portland Canal Bmids. Navy Pennon Fund, Redemption of United States and District of Colum- 
 bia Bonds, Redemption of Coin and Currency Certificates, Old Notes and Bounty Scrip, and Accounts 
 for Notes and Fractional Currency Destroyed. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Interest accounts 
 
 Kedemption ac^onnt-s 
 
 Total 
 
 $65, 859, 590 69 
 212, 102, 092 04 
 
 280, 961, 682 73 
 
 "WAEEHOUSE AND BOND Dn'ISlON. 
 
 STATEMENT of TRANSACTIONS in BONDED MERCHANDISE, as shown by AOOOITNTS 
 ADJUSTED during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882. 
 
 Number of accounts adjusted 1,155 
 
 Number of reports of " No transactions" received, examined, and 
 
 referred 52G 
 
 Balance of duties on inercliaudiso in wareliouse per last report gi'^S, G35, 319 44 
 
 Duties on merchandise warehoused - 58,954,624 04 
 
 Duties on merchandise revrarehoused 1.506,284 65 
 
 Duties on merchandise constructively -warehoused... 28,681,561 64 
 
 Increased and additional duties, &c -• 1,523,348 51 
 
 Total 113,301,138 2S
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 
 
 229 
 
 Contra : 
 
 Duties on merchandise withdrawn for consumption...... ............. 564,863,899 40 
 
 Duties on mercliaudise withdrawn for transportation 4,565,048 IG 
 
 Duties on merchaudise withdrawn for exportation 27, 092,954 44 
 
 Alk)wances for deficiencies, damage, &c -• 2,284,882 72 
 
 Duties on withdrawals for construction and repair of vessels... 180, 437 81 
 
 Duties on bonds delivered to district attorneys for prosecution 2,488 07 
 
 Balance of duties on merchandise in warehouse 14,305,427 68 
 
 Total 113,301,138 28 
 
 MISCELLAlfEOUS DESKS. 
 
 Ko. \.— Comprising Accounts of DisbiirniiKj Clerks of the Departments for Salaries, Salary Accounts of tht 
 carious Aasistant Treasurers, and of the~ Congressional Library, I'ublic Printer, and Executive Office, 
 Accounts for Salaries of the Officcrs'and Employis, House of Representatives, and the Accounts relating 
 to the Coast Survey. 
 
 
 o ^ 
 
 -Si 
 
 Amount. 
 
 
 418 
 
 $7, 292, 272 31 
 
 
 
 No. 2.— Comprising the Accounts of the Disbursing Clerks of the Departments for Contingent Exvensu, 
 Contingent Expenses of Uie Itouse of Representatives and Assistant Treasurers, Accounts of the Bureau 
 of Engraving and Printing, Geological So.rvcy. Xational Board of Health. Reform School. S'ew Building 
 for State, War, and Navy Departments, and a very great Xumber of Miscellaneous Accounts. _ The ac- 
 counts on this desk during tlie last fiscal year covered two hundred and one dij'erent appropriations. 
 
 a o 
 
 Amotmt 
 
 Ileceipts 
 
 Disburaementa 
 
 Total... 
 
 12 
 1,117 
 
 $5,391 09 
 4, 926. 418 93 
 
 1, 129 I 4, 931, 810 02 
 
 No. Z.— Comprising Accounts for Construction of Oiistom- Rouses, Post-0 flees, Court-Houses, and other 
 Public Buildings ; Accounts of Light-House Engineers and Inspectors -. Accounts of the Public Printer; 
 Steamboat Inspection and Life-Saving Service ,- the Accounts of the Government Hospital for the Insane, 
 Columbia Hospital for Deaf and Dumb, and many Charitable Institutions. 
 
 Receipts 
 
 Disbiirsementa 
 
 Total .... 
 
 2,823 
 
 Amount. 
 
 f 1. 067, 676 07 
 8. 194, 051 31 
 
 9, 261. 727 38 
 
 Xo. i.— Comprising the Account of the Treamirer of the United States for General Expenditures ; the Sal- 
 ary and Mileage Accounts for the Senate and House of Representatives, onrf the Accounts for Contingent 
 Expenses of the United States Senate. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 l.eccipts 
 
 Diabuvsenients 
 
 Total .... 
 
 5 I $604. 560. 6»3 14 
 60 I 556. i<70. C91 14 
 
 65 1.101,431,374 1:8
 
 230 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 No. 5. — Oompriaing Qie Aecounti of Mints and Assay Offices; Saltiries of the Civil List paid directly from 
 the Treasury on Pirst Auditor's Oertiftcates, Captured and Abandoned Properly AcconntK ; Acrrmnti 
 for the Legislative and Contingent i!xpenses of the United Utates Territories and Transportation oj 
 United States Securiliet. 
 
 
 a ° 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Receipts 
 
 31 
 2,444 
 
 $147,606,063 13 
 140 805, 275 25 
 
 
 
 
 Total „ 
 
 2,473 
 
 294, 471, 938 38 
 
 
 No. a.— Comprising the Accounts of the District of Columbia. 
 
 
 3 JO 
 
 p o 
 
 5 » 
 
 Amount 
 
 
 465 
 
 $1, 941, 114 39 
 
 
 TSq. 1.— Under th« Chief of the Warehouse and Bond Division, and Comprising Judgments of the Court 
 
 
 ^ 3 
 ^=5 
 
 Amount. 
 
 
 1,311 
 
 $1, 650, 185 00 
 
 
 The foregoing exhibits and enumeration of the various accounts which 
 have been examined during the year and the balances certified as by law 
 provided, show a further increase of clerical labor required over that 
 shown in my report for fiscal year ended June 30, 1881, and this clearly 
 indicates the necessity for an increase in the number of clerks assigned 
 to this bureau. 
 
 In view of the fact that the official work of this office gradually in- 
 creased for twenty years, as was shown in detail in official report of 
 1880, and the further fact that this increase of labor continued during 
 the fiscal years 1881 and 1882, the necessity for greater clerical force is 
 more clearly demonstrated. 
 
 The work for the fiscal year is uni)recedented in the history of the 
 bureau. 
 
 The increased number of appropriations for erection of public build- 
 ings and for miscellaneous purposes indicates larger requirements upon 
 the office for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1883. 
 
 For the foregoing reasons, and for reasons stated more fully in my 
 last report, I respectfully and earnestly ask for an additional chief of 
 division and for at least three clerks of class three. 
 
 While I well know that one additional cleric beyond the necessities of 
 the public ser\nce in any bureau or office is an injury to the service as 
 well as a needless expenditure of the public moneys, I am convinced 
 that the increase now asked grows out of a necessity pressing upon this 
 office; and I would be derelict in duty should I not call attention to the 
 condition of the .work demanding additional clerical force. 
 
 In closing this report, I desire to commend the deputy auditor and 
 the chiefs of divisions, through whose diligence, energy, and care the
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECEETABY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 231 
 
 increased work of this bureau has been so promptly dispatched during 
 the fiscal year. 
 
 I wish to renew to them and to the clerks and employ«5s of this office 
 expressions of esteem and confidence. 
 
 I am, most respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 K. M. EEYNOLDS, 
 
 First Auditor. 
 
 EEPOET OF THE SECOND AUDITOR OF THE TREASUKY. 
 
 Treasury DEPARTiiENT, 
 
 Second Auditor's Office, 
 
 Washington, October 11, 1882. 
 
 Sir : In compliance with your request of the Gth ultimo, I have the 
 honor to submit my report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, 
 showing: tiie work performed during that jjcriod and the condition of the 
 public business intrusted to my charge at the close of the year. 
 
 bookkeepers' division. 
 
 The following statement of amounts drawn from and repaid to the 
 War Department appropriations on the books of this office, is furnished 
 pursuant to the act of March 3, 1817 (section 283 of the Revised Statutes), 
 which requires that the auditors charged with the examination of the 
 accounts of the Deparment of War shall annually report to the Secre- 
 tary of the Treasury the ai)plication of the money ajqiropriated for that 
 Depart uient. To tliis statement are added the drafts and repayments 
 on account of the appropriations for the Indian service, without which 
 the record of the financial transactions of the office would be incomplete. 
 
 Appropiiiitions. 
 
 Under immedUite control of the Secretary of War. 
 
 Artillei}' scbool at Fortross Mouioe, Va 
 
 Contingeucies of the Aniiy 
 
 En Ileuses of inilitiiiy ci>u\ iits 
 
 Publicutiou of oliicial rucoids of the war of tbo rebellion. 
 
 Under control of the Commanding General. 
 
 £.xpeii8CS of tbe Coniuiaiidiug 0<m(>riil s ortico 
 
 Under control of the Adjutant-General. 
 
 Collecting, drilling, au<l organizing voliinteors 
 
 Contingi'iicies of tbt< A(l,j'il;iut-Geueial'8 JJeijartnicut 
 
 Draft and snliatitutc fund 
 
 E xpenaea of recruiting 
 
 Under ibntrol of the Quartermatter-Oeneral. 
 
 Clothing, camp and g.'iirisuu iMjuipago 
 
 Under control of the Surgeon-General. 
 
 Appljiinces for disabled soldiers . 
 
 Artificial limbs 
 
 Uudi>')il ami hospital depart uicut . 
 
 Medical iiiii.-iciiiii and tibraiv 
 
 'I'ruases I'ur didubled soldiers 
 
 Drafts. 
 
 007 70 
 708 50 
 ■iV) 80 
 490 25 
 
 2, 500 00 
 
 , 428 75 
 ,000 00 
 
 07, 9-JO 10 
 
 1. 
 
 UK 
 '-••jn, 
 
 10. 
 10, 
 
 000 00 
 8^:i 80 
 ll'i W! 
 UOO ('0 
 UUO 00 
 
 Repayments. 
 
 $7 70 
 2o3 83 
 
 623 43 
 
 82 10 
 
 20 W 
 
 8, 949 27 
 
 22.041 72 
 14,377 07
 
 232 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THIO 
 
 Appropriations. 
 
 Under control of the Paymaster-General. 
 
 Bounty under the aH of .Tuly 28, 1R66 
 
 Bounty to volunteers and their widows and legal heirs 
 
 Hounty to the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Missouri Cavab'y 
 
 Collection and payment of bounty, &c., to colored soldiors and n^umen. 
 
 Extra pay to olUcors and men wlio served iu tho war with Mexico 
 
 (ienoral expenses _ 
 
 Mileage j 
 
 Pay, &c., of the Army 11 
 
 Pay of the Military Academy I 
 
 Pay of two and three j'ear volunteers 
 
 Pa.v of volunteenj (Mexican war). 
 
 Kaising four additional regiments 
 
 Eepaymenti 
 
 Tinder control of the Chief of Ordnance. 
 
 Armament of fortifications 
 
 Arming and equipping the militia ;■. 
 
 Allowance for redaction of wages under the eight-hour law. 
 
 Benicia arsenal, Cal 
 
 Examinations of heavy ordnance and projectiles 
 
 Manufacture of arms at national armories 
 
 Ordnance service 
 
 Ordnance, ordnance stores and sujiplies 
 
 Ordnance material, proceeds of sales 
 
 Powder and projectiles (act March 3, 1881) 
 
 Powder depot 
 
 Itepairs of arsenals 
 
 Hock Island arsenal 
 
 Kock Island bridge 
 
 San_ Antonio arsenal 
 
 Springfield arsenal 
 
 Testing machine t 
 
 "Washington arsenal 
 
 Wharf at Sandy Hook, Xew Jersey 
 
 .'f05,081 00 
 102,421 32 
 
 m, 000 00 
 
 ;f,595 02 
 120 00 
 .116,000 00 ] 
 220, 088 9fi I 
 7(10,592 10 i 
 176, 134 70 
 73, 295 09 
 87 50 
 
 294, 
 
 168, 
 
 645 92 
 
 181 59 
 
 MisceUarieout. 
 
 Relief of Lewis A. Kent and IL B. Eastman 
 
 Support of National Home for disabled volunteer soldiers. 
 Support of the Soldiers' Home 
 
 10, 
 
 10, 
 
 300, 
 
 110, 
 
 310, 
 
 91, 
 
 30, 
 
 Ch), 
 
 40, 
 
 500 00 
 305 55 
 000 00 I 
 000 00 I 
 012 00 I 
 687 00 
 200 56 ' 
 000 00 ! 
 000 00 , 
 000 00 I 
 «00 00 
 
 ooo m 
 
 000 00 
 
 ooo 00 
 
 5, 000 00 
 
 511 74 
 9.1O, 000 00 
 76, 142 70 
 
 Total drafts and repayments ("War Department) ... 
 
 Appropr'iatlo7is for Vie Indian service. 
 
 Buildings at agencies and repairii 
 
 Civilization fund (14 Statut*.^, Kf*:-;) 
 
 Contingencies of the Indian Department 
 
 Expenses of Board of Indian Co-janiissioners 
 
 Expenses of Ute Commission ... 
 
 EulfiUing treaties with Indian tribes 
 
 Eullillujg treaties with Indian tiibos (proceeds of lands). 
 
 Gratuities and payments to Ute Indians 
 
 Incidental expenses of the Indiitsn service 
 
 Interest on Indian trust funds, &c 
 
 Pay of Indian agents 
 
 Pay of Indian in.spectors 
 
 Pay of Indian police 
 
 Pay of interpreters ., 
 
 Payment of indemnitv to Poncrte 
 
 Payment to Flatheads 
 
 Payment to North Carolina Che^okees 
 
 Payment to Osages for ceded lands 
 
 Eelief of Frank D. Yates and otJbers 
 
 Kemoval and supjiort of Otoes iind Missouiias 
 
 Bemoval and support of confederated bands of Utes 
 
 Eeservoir at headwaters of the Mississippi Eiver 
 
 Shawnee fund 
 
 Support of schools, &c '....'.'.'.'.'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
 
 Support of various Indian tribes aud bands ..'.'.'..'... 
 
 Telegraphing and purchase of Indian supplies 
 
 Transportation of Indian supplies 
 
 I'l-aveling expeu.ses of Indian inspectors " 
 
 Vaccination of Indians _ 
 
 Miscellaneous items 
 
 16, 377,1915 87 
 
 20, 188 08 
 
 125, 036 40 
 
 33,093 58 
 
 1,355 00 
 
 4, 947 78 
 894, 478 55 
 
 3, 322, 279 91 
 11. 999 99 
 177, 309 8G 
 0:!0, 184 98 
 92, 087 92 
 14,932,20 
 72, 323 07 
 25, 182 79 
 72, 664 46 
 
 5, 000 00 
 
 3. 816 20 
 236, 083 8S 
 
 14, 675 85 
 ;!8, 180 10 
 84, 524 78 
 15,466 90 
 
 4, S8j 02 
 121,894 95 
 
 3, 035, 440 69 
 
 .30.701 11 
 
 200. hlO 07 
 
 .'.. 978 02 
 
 1,410 10 
 
 1, 789 28 
 
 Total drafts and repayniients (Indian Department) 9, 964, 734 12
 
 REPOjlT OF THE SECliETAKY OF THE TREASUKV. 233 
 
 GENERAL BALANCE SHEET of APFEOl'IilATIONS. 
 
 Df.iut. 
 
 To amount witlubawn from tho Treasury, July 1, 1881, to June 30, 1882 
 
 To amount of trannfer warrauts issued to adjust appropriations 
 
 To unexpended balance:* carried to I he surplus fau<l 
 
 To aggrre.gate aruount of balances remaining to the credit of all appro- 
 priatioua on the books of this otHce, June 30, 1682 
 
 Total _ 
 
 Chkdit. 
 
 By balances to the credit of all appropriations, July 1,1881 
 
 By amount of repajments during the year - 
 
 By amount of counter warrants issued to ad,iust appropriations 
 
 By amount of appropriation warrants issued during tlio year 
 
 Total 
 
 War. 
 
 Indian. 
 
 $16, 377, 915 87 
 
 5, 173 02 
 
 481,981 37 
 
 19,064,734 12 
 371,565 82 
 244, 590 88 
 
 1,478,536 60 j 11, 503, 569 72 
 
 18, 343, 607 46 
 
 1. 155, 295 24 
 
 435, 858 78 
 
 39, 435 22 
 
 16,713,0:8 22 
 
 18, 343, 607 46 
 
 2, 084, 460 54 
 
 9, 707, 893 76 
 
 228, 336 TL' 
 
 148, 826 2'J 
 
 11,999,403 84 
 
 22, 084, 460 54 
 
 The balance of 811,503,509.72 remainiug to the credit of Indian ap- 
 propriations, is made np as follows : 
 
 Indian trust funds deposited in the Treasury in lieu of investment under 
 
 the act of April 1, 1S80 lj«,740,859 14 
 
 Proceeds of Indian lands on de))oait in the Treiisury 1,248,241 83 
 
 Annual and permanent appropiiatious 1,514,468 75 
 
 ( Total..... 11,503,569 72 
 
 ' The amount of appropriation warrants issued on account of the Indian 
 service consists of the following' items : 
 
 Appropiiations for the fiscal year 1882 $4,625,343 80 
 
 Interest on investments, net proceeds of lands, »fcc 500,134 49 
 
 Amount received from sales of lands 575,006 48 
 
 Appropriations to supply urgent deficiencies .^ 579,000 00 
 
 Amount received from retlemption of bonds, &.c 5, 705, 243 22 
 
 Appropriated by special act of relief - 14,675 85 
 
 Total 11,999,403 S4 
 
 The following is a summary of the work performed in the bookkeep- 
 ers' division, incidental to keeping the accounts of the oflice : 
 
 Eequisitions registered, journalized, and posted, 4,900 ; settlements 
 recorded, journalized, and ])osted, 4,197 ; settlements made in the divis- 
 ion chiefly to adjust and close accounts, 428; statements of balances, &c., 
 furnished to settling clerks, 1,257 ; certificates of deposit listed and in- 
 dexed, 1,078; repay requisitions prepared for the War and Interior De- 
 partments, 505; appropriation warrants recorded and posted, 45;'otii- 
 cial bonds of disbursing otlicers entered, 52; certificates of uou-indebted- 
 ^ness issued in cases of oliicers, 410 ; and enlisted men, 9i;> ; lett^'rs writ- 
 *ten, 584 ; amount drawn from the Treasurv on settlements made in thi.s 
 division, $204,811.28. 
 
 PAY.MASTKHS' DIVISION. 
 
 Paymasters' 
 accounts. 
 
 Longevity 
 claims. 
 
 On haiiil unexamined July 1,1881 
 
 KeCf-ivcd duriu;; the year 
 
 To tAl 
 
 Audited nud reported to the Secuud Coraptrollor 
 
 Ou hand not examined Juno SO, 1882 
 
 012 
 
 588 
 
 900 
 393 
 
 1,120 
 1,120 
 
 1, ot<;(
 
 234 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Tlie }inu)iint involved in 398 disbursing acconnts, 37 claims, and 339 
 miscellaneous settlunicuts was $10,938,144.08, as follows: 
 
 Amount dishurseil by piiyiuasters $10,674,983 91 
 
 Aiuoniit paid to officers of the United States Army under the decision 
 
 of the Snprenie Court in the matter of computing " longevity" pay. ir>, 538 08 
 
 Amount ])aid to tlie Soldiers' Home 81,877 81 
 
 Amount trauisferied to the books of the Third Auditor's office on ac- 
 count of — 
 
 Tobacco sold to soldiers 106,271 53 
 
 Stoppages for subsistence stores, &c 33,429 29 
 
 Charges on account of overpayments 9,920 48 
 
 Amount of overpayments refunded 4, 495 79 
 
 Sundry charges and credits 11,627 49 
 
 Total 10,938,144 98 
 
 The service records of 233 officers have been reexamined to determine 
 their pay status under the acts of June 13, 1878, and February 24, 
 1881. 
 
 The record of deposits by and repayment of deposits to enlisted men 
 of the Eegular Army, under the act of May 15, 1872, shows that 8,558 
 deposits were made, amounting to $480,150.09, and that 0,G73 deposits, 
 amounting to $399,032.32 were repaid to soldiers on their discharge from 
 the service. During the four years that this record has been kept the 
 de])osits have aggregated $1,762,280.24, and the repayments, inclusive 
 of interest, $1,127,293.73. 
 
 Letters received, 1,210^ letters written, 2,776. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS DIVISION. 
 
 Unsettled accounts on hand July 1, 1881 514 
 
 Keceived during the year from the Secretary of War, the Adjutant-General, 
 Surgeon-General, and Chief of Ordnance 1,869 
 
 Total 2,3S3 
 
 Accounts settled during the year ; 1,889 
 
 Eemaining on hand June 30, 1882 '.. 494 
 
 The amount of disbursements allowed in the settlement of a<>counts 
 was $3,937,081.30, under the following appropriations : 
 
 Arming and equijiping the militia, armament of fortifications, manu- 
 facture of arms at national armories, ordnance, ordnance stores and 
 snp])lies, ordnance service and other appropriations of the Ordnance 
 Department $1,755,179 65 
 
 Medical and hospital department, artificial limbs, medical museum and 
 library, and other appropriations of the Medical Department 455,895 10 
 
 Eegular and volunteer recruiting, claims for repayment of local bounty, 
 accounts for payment of arrears of pay and bounty to colored soldiers, 
 &c 369,163 54 
 
 Contingencies of the Army, expenses of military convicts, publication 
 of Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, contingencies of the Ad- 
 jutant-General's Department, artillery school at Fortress Monroe, ex- 
 penses of Connnandiufg General's office, &c 112,384 41 
 
 Suijport of National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers 1,245,358 GO 
 
 Total ,...*. 3,937,961 30 
 
 The work of compiling the pay record of officers of the Eegular Army 
 and volunteer force has progressed rapidly, 109,611 payments having 
 been entered during the year." Incidentally twenty-seven double ])ay- 
 ments to volunteer soldiers were discovered and reported for collection. 
 A com])rehensive index to this voluminous record has been completed 
 and has proved of great assistance to the many clerks whose work 
 necessitates constant reference to it. Letters written, 2,755.
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 235 
 
 LNDIAN DIVISION. 
 
 The work done in this division is shown by the following statement: 
 
 
 Money 
 accuuuts. 
 
 Property 
 accounts. 
 
 Claims. 
 
 On hand July 1, 1881 
 
 24 
 958 
 
 331 
 
 558 
 
 60 
 
 
 3,009 
 
 
 
 Total ; 
 
 982 
 797 
 
 889 
 513 
 
 3 129 
 
 Settled during the year 
 
 3,020 
 
 
 
 On hand June 30,1882 
 
 185 
 
 370 
 
 103 
 
 
 
 The amount disbursed was $6,154,440.83, as follows : 
 
 Expended by Indian agents and other disbursing officers, and allowed 
 
 by this office §1,813,7.52 12 
 
 Amount paid by Treasury drafts in settlement of 3,026 claims of con- 
 tractors and others for supplies and services -. 4,340,688 71 
 
 Total disbursements 6,154,440 83 
 
 Sixty-three transcripts of Indian agents' accounts have been for- 
 warded to the Second Comptroller for transmittal to the Department of 
 Justice in order that suits may be entered against the agents and their 
 sureties. The balances declared to be due the United States in these 
 sixty-three cases amount to more than $1,000,000, and consist to a 
 great extent of items disallowed by the accounting officers for reasons 
 not necessarily incompatible with the personal integrity of the agents 
 to be sued. 
 
 During last year the sum of $6,783.00 was recovered by suit and 
 otherwise in full settlement of the accounts of certain agents no longer 
 in commission. Letters written, 4,834. 
 
 PAY AND BOUNTY DIVISION. 
 
 This division is charged with the settlement of all claims for bounty 
 and arrears of pay, except such claims as are tiled by officers of the 
 Army, still in service, for increased longevity allowance under the re- 
 cent decision of the United States Supreme Court — tliese claims having 
 been assigned to the Paymasters' Division. As will be seen by the 
 subjoined tabular statements, fair progress has been made in the ex- 
 amination and settlement of claims during the past year: 
 
 Examining Branch. 
 
 
 Co, 
 
 
 .a 
 
 
 (< 
 
 <o 
 
 
 -3 
 
 <o 
 
 a 
 
 
 .a 
 
 a 
 
 
 h3 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 >-i 
 
 
 UJ 
 
 » 
 
 .o 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 a . 
 
 » 
 
 bO 
 
 
 
 
 Classes of claims. 
 
 0. -' 
 
 i 
 
 
 "3 
 
 ^.1 
 
 
 
 "-rH 
 
 •a 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 "B ' 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 s 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 
 E 
 'a 
 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 cc 
 
 s 
 
 P^ 
 
 O 
 
 WJiite soldiert. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,357 
 
 1,023 
 
 175 
 
 178 
 
 22 
 
 2,005 
 
 Enliatcd men, subsequent to April, 1801— arrears of 
 
 
 23,940 
 
 8,160 
 
 2, 328 
 
 7,867 
 
 2,243 
 
 19, CGJ 
 227 
 
 
 177 
 
 216 
 
 38 
 
 123 
 
 Claims of Aiiiiy laundresses, sutlers, tailors, &o 
 
 iKt 
 
 40 
 
 29 
 
 9 
 
 
 55 
 
 Colored soldieri. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Arrears of pay and bouuty ^.... 
 
 6, 153 
 
 3,230 
 
 8RJ 
 
 1,342 
 
 80 
 
 7,091 
 
 Total . ..,. 
 
 31,680 
 
 12, 609 
 
 3,434 
 
 9,519 
 
 2,356 
 
 29,040 
 

 
 23G 
 
 PAPERS ACCO:MPANVU«a THE 
 
 iJelUinf) Branch. 
 
 Classes of claims. 
 
 IS 00 
 
 aw 
 
 ii 
 
 r-- bO 
 
 
 5 
 
 TTTiite soldiers. 
 
 CoiQDiisBioued ofiBcers 
 
 Eulisted men, subsequent to April, 1861 — arrears of 
 
 pay and all bounties 
 
 Claims for pay prior to April, 1801 
 
 CLnims of Army laundresses, sutlers, tailors, &.c 
 
 950 
 
 Colored soldiers. 
 
 Arrears of pay and bounty 
 
 117 
 
 2,521 
 
 846 
 
 2,466 
 
 38 ! 
 29 
 
 838 
 
 45 
 
 75 
 
 885 
 
 Total 1,067 
 
 3,434 
 
 3,371 
 
 55 
 
 The claims settled and allowed averaged a fraction more than 
 $132.68 each, the total amount being $447,267.10. The claims disal- 
 lowed amounted to upward of one million dollars. Letters written, 
 78,114. 
 
 DIVISION FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF FRAUD. 
 
 On July 1, 1881, 7,823 cases remained on hand; 380 new cases have 
 been received during the year, making a total of 8,203 before the division. 
 Of these, 6,135 were examined and paitially investigated ; 1,317 were 
 finally disposed of, and 6,886 remain on hand for fiu'ther action. The 
 cases not disposed of are as follows : 
 
 Unsettled claims : 
 
 White soldiers 43'2 
 
 Colored soldiers 1,584 
 
 2,016 
 
 Settled claims : 
 
 White soldiers 734 
 
 Colored soldiers 3,779 
 
 4,513 
 
 DouUe payments to officers 357 
 
 Total 6,886 
 
 The sum of $4,311.66 has been recovered by suit and otherwise, and 
 deposited in the Treasury; judgments amounting to $2,002.46 have been 
 obtained, but are not yet satisfied; $1,242.20 has been secured to claim- 
 ants from persons unlawfully withholding it, and $226 has been returned 
 to the Treasury by the Pay Department in cases of colored soldiers. 
 
 Abstracts of material facts have been made in 478 cases ; 40 cases 
 were prepared for suit and criminal prosecution and transmitted to the 
 Department of Justice, and 5,655 letters were written. 
 
 I would again invites attention to a matter that has been referred to 
 in half a dozen annual reports, namely: The necessity for some act on 
 on the part of Congress looking to an adjustment of the claims of those 
 colored soldiers who allege that tliey were defrauded out of their arrears 
 of pay and bounty by tlie subortliuate agents of the late Freedmen'a 
 Bureau.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 237 
 
 PROPERTY DIVISION'. 
 
 The work of this division is now confined to the examination and set- 
 tlement of the qnarterly returns of clothing, camp and garrison equip- 
 age, rendered by all officers of the Army who are responsible for that 
 description of property. These returns, by which upward of one mill- 
 ion dollars worth of property is accounted for annually, are not ex- 
 amined by any other accounting officer, so that the action of this office 
 is final. 
 
 On July 1, 1881, 6,241 returns were on hand unsettled; 3,569 have 
 since been received ; 4,652 have been examined, and 4,132 have been 
 settled, leaving 5,678 on hand June 30, 1882. Charges amounting to 
 $4,178.84 have been made against officers for property not satisfactorily 
 accounted for, and $1,235.81 has been collected on that account. Lctt<irs 
 written, 2,419 ; letters recorded, 906. 
 
 DIVISION OF INQUIRIES AND REPLIES. 
 
 In addition to-the 12,937 inquiries from various bureaus whi«h have 
 been ansT^'^ered during the year, as shown by the subjoined statement, 
 the following miscellaneous work was performed in this division : 412 
 rolls and vouchers copied and verified ; 3,097 accounts-current, affida- 
 vits, abstracts, certificates of disability, final statements, furloughs, 
 general orders, letters, statements of ditlerences, «S:c., copied for the 
 office ; 13,790 descriptive lists briefed and filed -, 3,557 signatures com- 
 pared, and 4,131 letters written. 
 
 Overpayments amounting to $8,696.50 have been discovered and re- 
 ported for collection, and the sum of $968.82 on account of overpay- 
 ments previously reported has been recovered and repaid to the appro- 
 priations from Avhich the money was drawn. 
 
 Office making inquiry. 
 
 Aclj ntant-Genflral — 
 
 Quartennast«r-Genpral 
 
 Comini88ary-Gi?neral 
 
 Commissioner of PonsionH 
 
 Ttird Axiditor 
 
 Miscellaneoua 
 
 Total 
 
 On hanil 
 Jn)y 1,1881. 
 
 2,780 
 
 C7 
 
 •J3 
 
 818 
 
 203 
 
 Received. 
 
 3,970 
 
 4,962 
 
 272 
 
 1,796 
 
 1,073 
 
 627 
 
 751 
 
 Answered. 
 
 9,481 
 
 7,324 
 
 328 
 
 1,885 
 
 1,866 
 
 783 
 
 751 
 
 12,937 
 
 On hand 
 Jnne 30, 1882. 
 
 424 
 11 
 4 
 
 DmSIOX OK CORRESPONDENCE AND RECORD. 
 
 Letters received, 23,(X>9 ; letters written, 18,990 ; letters referred to 
 other offices, 598; lett^jrs recorded and indexed, 1,040; letters returned 
 uncallo<l for, 354; claims received, briefed, and registered, 16,213; 
 miscellaneous vouchers received, stamped, and distributed, 75,081 ; let- 
 ters containing additional evidence to ])erfect .susj^ended claims briefi'd 
 and registered, 13,371 ; pay ajid bounty certificates examined, regis- 
 tered and mailed, 4,236; ])ay and bounty certificates examined, registered 
 and sent to the Pay Department, .'5,859: reports (.'ailing lor requisitions scut 
 to the Secretary of War, 465 ; miscellaneous cases disposed of, 5,8(>9. 
 
 AKCHITES DIVISIOX. 
 
 The increased and much-needed accommodation provided for the files 
 of the office, to which reference was made in last year's report, has been
 
 238 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 taken advaiitnge of to as great an extent as possible. Between three 
 and four million mnster and pay rolls and other important and valua- 
 ble vouchers have been i)laced in i)erinanent boxes and rearranjjjed with 
 a view, first, to their presci-vation ; secondly, to facility of reference; and 
 thirdly, to economy in space. , Incidental to this work it was necessary 
 to examine and verify 1,820,285 vouchers; to stencil 7,331 file-boxes 
 with the number, date, «&c., of the settlements, and to brief 6,268 boxes, 
 so as to clearly indicate the character of the vouchers therein contained. 
 The regular business of the division is shown by the following state- 
 ment: 
 
 rayniastere' accounts received from the Pay Department 519 
 
 Confirmed settlements received from the Second Comptroller, entered, in- 
 dexed, and filed : Paymasters', 107 ; Indian, 2,393 ; niiscellaneous, 1,017 3, 517 
 
 Miscellaueons accounts withdrawn for reference and returned to the files.. l,7t>8 
 Vouchers withdrawn from the tiles for use in the settlement of accounts and 
 
 claims and for rejjairs 29,657 
 
 Vouchers returned to files 43,958 
 
 Voncliers briefed 60,237 
 
 MutihJted and worn vouchers repaired and retured to the files 15,090 
 
 Number of pages copied 2,797 
 
 Letters written 319 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Number of accounts and claims of all kinds on hand July 1, 1881, in- 
 cluding 5,812 renewed applications for arrears of pay and bounty. .. 40,229 
 Number of accounts and claims received during the year 24,400 
 
 Total ; 64,629 
 
 Number disposed of, including rejected and referred claims for pay and 
 bounty 26,189 
 
 Number of accounts and claims on hand June 30, 1882 38, 440 
 
 Amount drawn out of the Treasury in payment of claims and in ad- 
 vances to disbursing oflicers $26, 342, 649 99 
 
 Less repayments of unexpended balances, &g 664,195 50 
 
 Net amount paid out - 25,678,454 49 
 
 Total number of letters written 120,580 
 
 Average number of clerks employed 145 
 
 PROCEEDS OF INDIAN LABOR. 
 
 For several years past questions have arisen from time to time, in the 
 settlement of Indian agents' accounts, as to the proper disposition of 
 moneys derived from the product of Indian labor, pasturage on Indian 
 lauds, &c. In June, 1876, the matter was referred to the First Comp- 
 troller (Hon. R. W. Tayler), who said : " In my opinion, receipts for the 
 .product of labor of Indians and for use and occupancy of their lands 
 are not public moneys, within the meaning of section 3,618 of the Revised 
 Statutes, which are to be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous 
 receipts. If such moneys should be covered into the Treasury they can- 
 not be withdrawn except on api)ropriations made by law. "While it is 
 lirobable such moneys may, under the direction of the Department of 
 the Interior, be expended for the benefit of the Indians, I am not aware 
 of any law which provides for it. If the Secretary of the Interior should 
 deem' it proper, I think Congress would direct the mode of expendi- 
 ture." The Secretary of the Treasury concurred in this view and recom-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 239 
 
 nendod to the Seoretnry of the Interior that Congress be requested to 
 authorize the dei)o.sit of such fundus to tlie credit of an appropriation for 
 the benefit of the ])artieuhir tribe or baud of Indians entith^d tlu reto. 
 On October 18, 1870, the Secretary of the Interior wrote as followis to 
 the Commissioner of Indian Affairs : " The money may be exi>ended 
 under your personal direction, but, as a rule, when tlie nn)ney is re- 
 ceived for the sale of produce, the result of the labor of any individual 
 Indian, it sliould be exi)ended for his sole benefit, and if of any consid- 
 erable number less than a baud it should be expended for their benetit, 
 80 that in all cases the Indian shall receive the benefit of his or her i)er- 
 sonal industry." In 18S() the Second Comptroller and Second Auditor 
 agreed that in the settlement of Indian agents' accounts all such 
 moneys should be charged and credited under the special caption of 
 "Indian moneys — proceeds of labor, &c." 
 
 There can be no dituV)t as to the justice and equity of treating these 
 moneys in the manner indicated above, but it needs the authority of 
 law, and to that end I suggest that the subject be brought to the at- 
 tention of Congress. 
 
 MILEAGE OF ARMY OFFICERS. 
 
 Under section 1273 of the RcA'ised Statutes, as amended by the act 
 of Jidy 26, 1876 (19 Stat., 100), officers of the Army traveling under 
 orders, without troops, are allowed eight cents per mile, provided they 
 have not been furnished with transj)ortatiou in kind by the United 
 States. I suggest that the law be further amended so that mileage 
 shall not be allowed when an officer travels on a free pass. Officers of 
 the Treasury and Interior Departments, and I presume of all other Ex- 
 ecutive Departments who present accounts for traveling expenses, are re- 
 quired to make affidavit that " no part of the travel has been under any 
 free jiass on any railway, steamboat, or other conveyance." It is neither 
 just nor reasonable that officers of the Army shoukl be paid eight cents 
 per mile while traveling on free passes. In such cases they should be 
 placed on equality with thecivil olficersof the United States, and should 
 be reimbursed to the extent of their actual and necessary expenses, 
 and no more. In analogy to what is demanded, under oath, from 
 Treasury and Interior Department officials. Army officers should bo 
 required to certify on honor that charges for traveling expenses were 
 actually paid or incurred, and that no i)artof the travel for which they 
 claim mileage was made on a free pass on any railway, steamboat, or 
 other conveyance. 
 
 ^ THE SOLDIERS' HOME. 
 
 By section 4818 of the Keviscd Statutes all forfeitures on account of 
 desertion and all moneys belonging to the estates of deceased soldiers, 
 remaining unclaimed for three years subsecpient to the death of such 
 soldiers, are set apart and ai)propriatcd for the sui)])ort of the Soldiers' 
 Home. I find that twenty-one years' arrearages are due said Home on 
 account of moueys forfeited by those tleserters from the regular Army 
 ■who were never heard of after desertion. With a few trilling excep- 
 tions the accounts of siu-h deserters have not been settled. \\'hen the 
 men were dro])ped from the rolls of the Army such data as were neces- 
 sary to an adjustment of their ])ay accounts were entered on the muster- 
 rolls, and there the matter ended. There is also a large sum due the 
 Home on accountof unclaimed money belonging to the estates of soldiers
 
 240 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 who died prior to July 1, 1870. The aggregate amount payable to the 
 Home from these two sources is estimated at upward of one million dol- 
 lars. It is clearly the duty of the accounting officers of the Treasury 
 Department to adjust and settle the accounts of deceased soldiers and 
 desert^jrs so that the Home may receive what the law has set apart and 
 appropriated for its su])port, but the necessary clerical force is lacking. 
 1 estimate that it would take six exi)erienced clerks five years in this 
 office, and a proportionate number for the same period in the Second 
 Comptroller's Office, to bring the work up to date. 
 
 In view of all the circumstiinces, and considering especially the length 
 of time that the Soldiers' Home has been deprived of a portion of its 
 legitimate income, I venture to suggest a plan by which an equitable 
 settlement between the United States and the Home can be arrived at 
 without the expense and delay of examining and adjusting the pay ac- 
 counts of deceased soldiers and deserters, namely : That Congress shall 
 appropriate a reasonable amount, say one million dollars, to be depos- 
 ited in the Treasury in accordance with the provisions of section 8 of 
 Senate bill No. 1821, prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home, 
 and now pending in Congress ; said amount to be accepted by the Home 
 in full discharge of all obligations on the part of the United States, 
 under section 4818 of the Eevised Statutes, up to and including June 
 30, 1879. 
 
 A STATUTE OF LIMITATION NEEDED. 
 
 Adverting te the remarks in my last annual report in regard to a 
 statute of limitation, I again invite"attention to the subject as one that 
 caMs for early and favorable consideration. Th-ere exists a continually 
 increasing necessity for such a law. It is required, not that the payment 
 of just debts may be evaded, but that the public treasury may be pro- 
 tected from unscrupulous claimants and from the vexatious demands of 
 persons who, having received all they are entitled to, make new appli- 
 cations in the hope, apparently, that something in their favor may ^- turn 
 up" on a re-examination of tlieir claims, or-that the evidence of former 
 payment may not have been ])reserve(l. Of the claims growing out of 
 the war of the reliellion only a small percentage of those last presented 
 possess either merit or validity, and that percentage is diminishing with 
 the lapse of time, while the labor of examination and investigation is 
 materially increasing. A statute of limitation that would bar and pre- 
 clude from settlement all claims growing out of the late war not pre- 
 sented within two years from the date of the enactment, and all other 
 claims not presented within six years from the time they accrued would, 
 1 believe, be regarded with favor by all the accounting officers of thu 
 Treasury Department, ^^'it]lout snch a statute no child now liviug will 
 ever see the day when the i>r<'sontation for payment by the government 
 of claims of the class first mentioned will have ceased. 
 
 CONDITION OF THE miTJC EUSTNESS. 
 
 The condition of the ])ublic business inl rusted to my charge is shown 
 l>y the following comparative statement of accounts and claims received, 
 disposed of, and remaining on hand in the fiscal years 1881 and 1882:
 
 REPORT OF THP: SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 241 
 
 Fiscal ybab 1881. 
 
 Fiscal tbab 1882. 
 
 Pesciipliou of accounts, Jcc. ' Knm'ber of accoanta and claims. I Number of accoonts and claima. 
 
 
 Received. 
 
 Disposed of. 
 
 On hand, 
 June 30. 
 
 Iteceived. 
 
 Disposed of. 
 
 On hand, 
 Jane 30. 
 
 I>isburging accounts. 
 
 Array pajtnaaters 
 
 KecruitiuK, medical, ord- 
 nance, and niiscellaneoua. . 
 Indian agents.. 
 
 601 
 
 1,732 
 847 
 
 419 
 
 1,664 
 1,160 
 
 312 
 
 514 
 24 
 
 588 
 
 1,869 
 958 
 
 398 
 
 1,889 
 797 
 
 502 
 
 494 
 
 18.-) 
 
 Total di sLursingacconuts 
 
 3,180 
 
 3,249 
 
 850 
 
 3,415 
 
 3,084 
 
 1,181 
 
 Claim ». 
 
 Arrears of pay and bounty. . 
 Indian 
 
 8,682 
 3, 052 
 
 9,110 
 
 ■•!, 140 
 
 32, 747 
 60 
 
 13, 789 
 3,009 
 
 15,434 
 3,026 
 
 31, 102 
 
 103 
 
 
 11, 734 
 
 12, 250 
 
 32,807 
 
 16,858 
 
 18.4G0 
 
 31 205 
 
 
 
 Property accounts. 
 Clotbing, camp and garrison 
 
 ■ 
 
 3,649 
 354 
 
 4,9C9 
 372 
 
 6,241 
 
 331 ! 
 
 3. 560 
 558 
 
 4,132 
 513 
 
 5 678 
 
 Indian 
 
 370 
 
 Total property accounts. 
 
 4,003 
 
 5, 341 
 
 6,572 ! 
 
 4,127 
 
 4,645 
 
 6,054 
 
 
 18, 917 
 
 1 
 
 20, 840 
 
 40, 229 
 
 24, 400 
 
 26, 189 
 
 38,440 
 
 
 It will be seen by the foregoing* statement that, as compared with last 
 year's record, there was an increase of 5,483 in the nninber of accounts 
 and claims received, and of 5,349 in the number disposed of j and a de- 
 crease of 1,789 in the number on hand. While the business of the office 
 is thus shown to be in a satisfactory condition in the aggregate, the 
 state of disbursing accounts calls for some explanation. The recruiting, 
 medical, ordnance, and miscellaneous disbursing accounts are promptly 
 rendered to this office and are settled with sufficient dispatch to prevent 
 accumulation. The accounts of Indian agents have temporarily accu- 
 mulated, there being 185 on hand June 30, 1882, against 2-1 on hand 
 June 30, 1881. This increase is accounted for by the fact that an un- 
 usually large number was received from the Indian Office too late to be 
 taken up for settlement before the close of the fiscal year. Tlie accounts 
 of paymasters have unavoidably accumulated since June 30, 1880, on 
 which date only 130 remained unexamined. On June 30, 1881 , the num- 
 ber had increased to 312, and on June 30, 1882, it had still further in- 
 creased to 502. This increase is due to two causes, namely, the insuffi- 
 cient clerical force of the paymasters' division, and the complex nature 
 of the accounts, wliich now consist, not only of the ordinary bi-montlily 
 muster and ])ay-n>ils of companies and detarhnionts, linal payments to 
 discharged soldiers, and monthly pay accounts of commissioned officers, 
 but also of mileage accounts and vouchers ibr t(}legrams, expenses of 
 witnes.ses before conits-martial, &c. The i)ropcr examination of mileage 
 and telegram accounts adds very materially to the work of the auditing 
 clerks. The delay in the settlement of paymasters' accounts now aver- 
 ages two years, so that a paymaster does not know how he stands offi- 
 cially on the books of the Treasury Department until two years after he 
 has rendered his accounts, neitlier does the Trcasniy J)e]>artment know 
 until aftei" the same la]»se of time whetlier the ])aymaster has pro]torly 
 accounted for the largi; sums of money atlvanced to him for (lisbursc- 
 ment. The law requires that " the Secretary of the Treasury shall 
 cause all accounts of the expenditure of public money to be settled 
 within each fiscal year" (section 250 lieviscd Statutes), and it would 
 16 Ab
 
 242 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 seem to l>e due to tlio paymaster and tbo sureties on liis official bond as 
 well as to the United States, that some measure should l)e adopted which 
 will enable the accounting officers to settle these accounts within the 
 time prescribed by the statutes. The following? case is given as a lair 
 sample of the delay that occurs in the three offices through which an 
 Army paymaster's accounts pass after leaving his hands: 
 
 STATEMENT showing DELAY in SETTLING a PAYMASTER'S ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Bate of accounts. 
 
 .TulvandAiis--. 1S70. 
 Sept. ami Oct., 1879. 
 Nov. and Dec, 1870. 
 
 January, 1880 
 
 Ffbruai-v, 1880 
 
 March, 188U 
 
 April, 188') 
 
 May and June, 1880. 
 
 Received in the Pay- 
 
 master-Crcneral'a 
 
 office. 
 
 Novembor 7, 1870 . . 
 November 17, 1S70 . 
 January in, 1880 ... 
 robruiirv 16, 1880 . . 
 
 March 1.5,1880 
 
 May 11, 1880 
 
 Jfay 15, 1880 
 
 July 14, 1880 
 
 Received in tho 
 
 Second Auditor's 
 
 office. 
 
 March 12,1880 .. 
 March 2.3, i;S80 .. 
 June 14, 1880... 
 
 Julys, 1.S80 
 
 July 27, 1880 ... 
 August 25, 1880 , 
 August 2.j, 1880 , 
 October 2, 1880 . , 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 1 Examined in Second Amlilor'«c(I)ce and 
 I sent to Second Coniptj-nllr.r for revis- 
 i ion, Ai)ril 27, 1881. lleviae*! in Second 
 I Com))! roller's office and returned to 
 I Second Auditor to be slated, October 
 12, 1881. Stated by Second Auditor 
 I Koveinher 1(>, 1881. Certifif-d by Sec- 
 j ond Comptroller, January I'-f, 1882. 
 
 The average delay in each office was as follows: Paymaster-General's 
 office, 3| mouths; yecoud Auditor's office, 10| mouths; Second Comp- 
 troller's office, 7^ months. 
 
 The comparatively slight progress that has been made toward clearing 
 off accumulated work is chieiiy attributable to the repeated demands 
 upon this office for clerks to assist in other bureaus of the Department. 
 Emergeucies will coutiime to arise when the X)Ower given to the head of 
 a Department by section lOG of the Kevised Statutes to alter the dis- 
 tribution of the clerks allowed by law and detail clerks credited to one 
 bureau for service in another must be exercised. At one time, in con- 
 sequence of an unusual amount of labor suddenly imposed upon the 
 Loan Division and Eegister's office, no less than sixteen clerks on the 
 pay-rolls of this office were detailed for work elsewhere. At the present 
 time five are so absent, and the average for the last fiscal year was at 
 least five. All these were experienced and efficient clerks, for such are 
 always asked for, and none others taken or received. 
 
 "Wiiile the clerical force was nominally the same, 5,349 more accoun1i»s 
 and claims were disposed of than during the preceding year, and the num- 
 ber unsettled diminished by 1,789. The additional work of five efficient 
 and experienced clerks would have largely increased these figures. ]S'o 
 bureau of the department needs more than this the entire force accorded 
 to it by law. Of the 38,440 unsettled accounts and claims, a very large pro- 
 portion has been pending more than five years. It is not surprising, then, 
 that claimants become importunate aiul not uufrequeutly abusive in 
 their correspondence. They are entitle<l to a settleinent, and it is ex- 
 tremely difficult to give a satisfactory reason for the delay. At the 
 present time, so far as I am aware, there is no extraordinary demand 
 upon any of the bureaus of the Treasury Department, and if more clerical 
 force is needed it shoultl be supjdied by legislation. The business of 
 this office is pressing. It has never to my knowledge had any assistance 
 from other bureaus; certaiuiy not without according an equivalent by 
 an exchange, and it is fairly entitled to its legal coniplement of clerks. 
 
 The facts herein set forth as to the work performed during the year 
 are sufficiently indicative of the faithfulness and elficiency of the cleri- 
 cal force of the bureau. 
 Very resi)ectfully, 
 
 O. FEKRISS, Auditor. 
 
 The Hon. Secketary of tke Tkeasuey.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 243 
 
 EEPORT OF THE THIKD AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Treasury DEPART^iiENT, 
 
 Third Auditor's Office, 
 Washingt07i, D. (7., Octoher 30, 1SS2. 
 
 Sir : I have the honor to transmit lierewith report of the operations 
 of this office for the lineal year ended June 30, 1882. The following 
 statement shows, in tabular form, the number and amount of accounts 
 and claims remaining on hand unsettled at the close of the last fiscal 
 year, the number received and audited, and the number and amount of 
 accounts and claims remaining unsettled June 30, 1882, viz : 
 
 REPORT of BUSINESS TRANSACTED in the fiscal year ended June 30, 18S2. 
 
 Description of accounts. 
 
 a S 
 <^ = 
 o U^ 
 
 an. 
 c ^ o 
 c '^ " 
 
 ill 
 
 'A 
 
 Numhcr of accounts set- 
 tled iu fiscal year ended 
 Juno 30, 1882, 
 
 Nnmberof accounts nn- 
 setUed June 30, 1882. 
 
 
 Montlily 
 and quar- 
 terly. 
 
 Monthly 
 and quar- 
 terly. 
 
 Monthly 
 and quar- 
 terly. 
 
 Amount in- 
 volved. 
 
 Monthly 
 and Quar- 
 terly, 
 
 Amount in- 
 volved. 
 
 Quartorni asters' money 
 
 Qiiartt^nijaKtors' jiropcrty. .. 
 
 Coniniissaric^ nioiii'v 
 
 Pension a;icnts' nioucy 
 
 422 
 
 1,079 
 
 .532 
 
 253 
 
 58 
 
 «S 
 
 191 
 
 4,701 
 
 71 
 
 fiS8 
 
 13, 290 
 
 13 
 
 2,991 
 3,192 
 1, 924 
 455 
 192 
 118 
 806 
 454 
 
 1 
 
 38 
 
 3,614 
 
 1 
 
 2,650 
 
 3,488 
 
 1,494 
 
 416 
 
 219 
 
 $12,517,962 77 
 
 763 
 
 783 
 
 962 
 
 202 
 
 31 
 
 186 
 
 1,055 
 
 • 4,804 
 
 70 
 
 690 
 
 13, 515 
 
 10 
 
 $1, 072, 202 64 
 
 3, 796, 079 34 
 37, 528, 064 66 
 8,221,812 41 
 
 1, 230, 191 61 
 60,472,491 48 
 4 826 580 08 
 
 
 604,064 13 
 
 SiKiial ollicers' pr<M>eity 
 
 Cliiinis for horses lost 
 
 Claims for steamboats do- 
 
 2 
 441 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 3,398 
 
 4 
 
 
 61, 147 83 
 
 50, 000 00 
 
 5,321 82 
 
 2, 780, 305 08 
 
 514,321) 42 
 
 868, 513 OS 
 
 672, 003 87 
 
 6, 047 25 
 
 9,312,165 13 
 
 4, 345, 020 12 
 
 
 Miscollanfous claims 
 
 
 Total 
 
 21,405 
 
 13,846 
 
 12, 150 
 
 65, 476, 074 33 
 
 23, 161 
 
 74, 371, 178 28 
 
 
 noOKKEEPER'S DIVISION. 
 
 The duty devolving upon this division is to keep the appropriation 
 and money accounts of disbursing ollicers, which aro settled iu this 
 oliico.
 
 244 
 
 papj:rs accompanying the 
 
 Tlioi annexed statement shows tlie amount drawn out of certain of its 
 ai)proi)riatiou accounts, and also the repayments made through this 
 office into the Treasury, and is a full exhibit of its financial operations 
 during the fiscal year : 
 
 STATEMENT shoivivff the FINANCIAL OPERATIONS of the OFFICE duriitg the 
 fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 o ti© 
 
 o a MS* 
 
 p =« a ® 
 et wc^ 
 
 •He® 
 
 ^.5 1^ 
 
 a ►! 3 
 
 « (H OS 
 
 Vi MO 9 
 
 Total. 
 
 Number of requisitions drawn by the 
 Secretaries or War and Interior on tlio 
 Secretary of the Treasury in favor of 
 sundry persons, 3.6C1, amounting to 
 $90,937,5ti9.46, paid in the mannpr here- 
 in set forth and out of the following 
 appropriations, viz : 
 
 Regular supplies, Quartermaster's Depart- 
 ment 
 
 Incidental expenses, Quartermasters De- 
 partment 
 
 Barracks and quarters, Quartermaster's De- 
 partment 
 
 Ai-my transportation. Quartermaster's De- 
 partment 
 
 Army transportation (Pacific railroads) 
 
 National cemeteries 
 
 Pay of superintendenta of national ceme- 
 teries 
 
 Clothing, camp and garrison equipage 
 
 Observation and report of storms 
 
 Signal Service 
 
 Observation and exploration in Arctic Seas . . . 
 
 Construction, maintenance, and repair of 
 military telegrai)h lines 
 
 Constructing jetties, <tc., at South Pass, 
 Iklississippi Kiver 
 
 Construction and repairs of hospitals 
 
 Headstones for graves of soldiers in private 
 cemeteries - 
 
 Cavalry and artillery horses 
 
 Fifty per centum of arrears of Army trans- 
 portation due certain laijd-grant railroads. . 
 
 Surveys and reconnaissances in military di- 
 visions and departments 
 
 ■Ringgold BarracKS 
 
 Buikungs for military headquarters at Fort 
 Snolling, Minn 
 
 Buildings for military headquarters at San 
 Antonio, Tex 
 
 Macadamized road from Vicksburg to the 
 national cemetery, Mississippi 
 
 Boad from Chattanooga to the national ceme- 
 t-ery, Tennessee '. . 
 
 Military road near the Musselshell Kiver, 
 Montana 
 
 Boad from Fort Scott to the national ceme- 
 tery, Kansas 
 
 MUitaxy post near northern boundary of 
 Montana 
 
 Carriage-way from New Market street to the 
 United States military depot, Jefierson- 
 rille, Ind 
 
 Buildings for military quarters at Fort Leav- 
 enworth, Kans 
 
 Transportation and distribution of rations 
 and supplies to the sufferers by overflow of 
 Mississippi River 
 
 Claims for quaitcmiasters' stores, &c., act 
 July 4, 1864 
 
 Claims for loyal citizens, &c 
 
 Awards for quartermasters' stores taken by 
 the Army in Tenuessee 
 
 Payment to the city of Port Huron proceeds 
 o"f sale of j)art of Fort Gratiot MUitary 
 lleservation 
 
 Capture of Jefierson Davia 
 
 Sundry engineer appropriations 
 
 $3, 599, 251 10 
 
 982, 065 93 
 
 877, 813 78 
 
 4, 105, 476 15 
 
 100, 552 03 
 
 57, 918 65 
 
 1, 239, 025 28 
 
 375, 040 53 
 
 10, 500 00 
 
 25, 000 00 
 
 75, 042 25 
 
 76, 348 95 
 
 40, 000 00 
 202, 674 74 
 
 810 00 
 29 19 
 
 45, 000 00 
 
 64, 000 00 
 
 10, 000 00 
 
 5,000 00 
 55, 705 84 
 
 5, 500 00 
 45, 000 00 
 
 4, 000 00 
 30, 000 00 
 
 15, 319 47 
 
 11, 881, 528 72 
 
 $18, 799 62 
 
 17, 246 13 
 
 15, 391 83 
 
 238, 265 30 
 811, 054 23 
 
 167 00 
 4, 425 02 
 
 175, 000 00 
 
 37 50 
 178, 179 18 
 
 276, 777 54 
 255 00 
 
 007 40 
 
 $249 22 
 
 60 34 
 
 145 96 
 
 828 16 
 18 05 
 
 43 63 
 
 379 23 
 
 $3,618,299 94 
 999, 372 40 
 351 57 
 
 893, 
 
 4,344, 
 811, 
 100, 
 
 58, 
 
 1, 243, 
 
 375, 
 
 10, 
 
 25, 
 
 569 61 
 072 28 
 552 03 
 
 085 65 
 493 93 
 
 040 5>'^ 
 500 00 
 000 00 
 
 75, 042 25 
 
 19,960 31 
 
 293 00 
 
 142 92 I 3, 555 87 
 
 175, 
 76. 
 
 40, 
 293, 
 
 000 00 
 348 95 
 
 000 00 
 091 47 
 
 , 179 18 
 
 810 00 
 29 19 
 
 000 00 
 
 000 00 
 
 000 00 
 
 000 00 
 
 705 84 
 
 500 OC 
 
 000 OO 
 
 4. 000 00 
 30, 000 00 
 
 15, 319 47 
 
 276, TTT 54 
 255 00 
 
 19, 906 31 
 
 293 00 
 
 11, 885, 227 51
 
 REPORT OF TIIK SECKETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 245 
 
 STATEMENT shoicuKj tkc FINANCIAL OPEUAUONS of the OFFICE, «fT.— Con. 
 
 tinaetl. 
 
 Subsistence of the Army • 
 
 Support of military prison at Fort Leaven- 
 worth, Kaus 
 
 Lost horses, &.C., act March 3, 1849 
 
 Kations for relief of persons rendered desti- 
 tute by overflow ot Mississippi River 
 
 Pensions of the Army 
 
 Support of Bureau of Eefugees, Freedmen, 
 Arc 
 
 O MS 
 
 $2, 390, 890 00 
 62,461 17 
 
 
 , B 3 «J 
 
 cj u a 
 
 $3C, 143 83 
 
 $28 50 
 
 Total. 
 
 349, 958 88 
 62, 402, 255 00 
 
 565 00 
 
 $2, 427, 062 33 
 
 62, 461 17 
 565 00 
 
 ' I 349,958 ?8 
 
 4, 175 60 ■ ! 62,406,430 66 
 
 540 37 
 
 540 37 
 
 Total 89,134,107 C6 1,797,552 47 ! 5,849 33 90,937,569 46 
 
 The number of credit and counter requisitions drawn by the Secretaries of "War and Interior on 
 sundry persons in favor of the Treasurer of the United States is 1,522, on which repayments into the 
 Treasury have been made through the Third Auditor's OtBce during the fiscal year ended June 30, 
 1882, as follows: 
 
 Deposits $2,239,586 87 
 
 Transfer accounts 164,530 54 
 
 Total 2,404,117 51 
 
 QUARTER3IASTEKS' DIVISION. 
 
 The accounts of quartermasters cover a wide jaiiofe of money and 
 property responsibility. The former embraces disbursements for bar- 
 racks and quarters, hospitals, storehouses, offices, stables, and trans- 
 portation of Army supplies, the purchase of Ai-my clothing, camp and 
 garrison equipage, cavalry and artillery hoi-ses, fuel, forage, straw, ma- 
 terial for bedding, and stationery ; payment of hired men and of " per 
 diem" to extra duty men; expenses incurred in the pursuit and appre- 
 hension of deserters; for the burial of officers and soldiers, for hired 
 escorts, expresses, interpreters, spies, and guides ; for veterinary sur- 
 geons and medicines for horses, for supplying posts with water, and for 
 all other proper and authorized outlays connected with the movements 
 and operations of the Army not expressly assigned to any other depart- 
 ment. Property purchased with the funds of the Quartermaster's De- 
 partment is accounted for upon "returns" transmitted through the 
 Quartermaster-General to this office (with the exception of " returns of 
 clothing, camj) and garrison equipage," which come under the super- 
 vision of the Second Auditor), showing that the disposition made of it 
 is in accordance with law and Army regulations. 
 
 REPORT of the QUARTERMASTER'S DIVISION for ihe fiscal year ended June 30, 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 Money accounts. 
 
 Property 
 returns. 
 
 Supplemental settle- 
 ments. 
 
 
 Number. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Money. 
 
 
 
 422 
 
 40 sru fflR m 
 
 1 fV70 
 
 
 
 Keceived du ring tlie fiscal year 
 
 2, 991 1 il,' 935,' 628 45 i s! 192 
 
 261 
 
 iioe, 242 73 
 
 Total. 
 
 3, 413 { 14, 490, 255 41 
 
 4,271 
 
 261 I 106, 242 73 
 
 Reported during the Qscal j'ear. 
 Remaining unsettled 
 
 2,050 
 763 
 
 12. 517, 962 77 I 
 1, 972, 292 64 ! 
 
 3,488 
 783 
 
 261 10«, 242 73 
 
 ToUl. 
 
 3,413 ; 14,490,255 41 
 
 4,271 
 
 261 106, 242 73
 
 246 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 REPORT of tlie QUARTERMASTER' 8 DIVISION, #c.— Continued. 
 
 
 Signal accounts. 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Property. 
 
 Money. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 
 191 68 
 800 118 
 
 $182,969 93 
 481, 9!J4 22 
 
 1,760 
 
 *2. 737. 596 89 
 
 
 7, 428 12, 523, 885 40 
 
 
 
 Total _ 
 
 1,057 
 
 186 
 
 604, KC4 15 
 
 9, 188 15, 261, 462 29 
 
 
 2 
 1,055 
 
 
 
 6,401 12,024,205 50 
 
 
 186 
 
 664, 904 15 
 
 2, 787 2, C:^7, 256 79 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1,057 
 
 186 
 
 664, 964 15 
 
 9, 188 1 15. 201. 402 29 
 
 
 
 
 Number of letters written, 4,4G3; number of clerks employed, 19; 
 number of vouchers examined, 249,005 j number of pages of manuscript 
 written, 6,539. 
 
 SUBSISTENCE DIVISION. 
 
 The subsistence division examines the accounts of all commissaries 
 and acting commissaries in the Army, whose duties are to purchase the 
 provisions and stores necessary for its subsistence, and see to their proper 
 distribution. These commissaries render monthly money accounts, with 
 proper vouchers for disbursements of the funds intrusted to them, to- 
 gether with a provision-return, showing the disposition of provisions 
 and stores purchased or derived from other sources. These accounts 
 are received through the Commissary-General of Sub.sistence, and are 
 examined and audited in this division. The money accounts and vouch- 
 ers, together with a certified statement of the result of said examina- 
 tions, are then referred to the Second Comptroller of the Treasury for 
 revision. Upon their return from the ComjJtroUer, with the settlement 
 approved, the officers are notified of the result, and called upon to adjust 
 or explain any omissions or errors that may liave been discovered. The 
 money and provision accounts, together with the papers belonging 
 thereto, are then placed in the settled tiles for future reference, and re- 
 main permanently in the custody of this office. The engineer branch is 
 engaged in the examination of the accounts of officers and agents of the 
 Engineer Department, who, under the direction of the Chief of Engi- 
 neers of the Army (except the Superintendent of the Military Academy 
 at West Point, whose disbursements are directed by the Inspector-Geu« 
 eral), disburse moneys out of the various appropriations, now 248 in 
 number, made from time to time by Congress for works of a public na- 
 ture, which maybe classed under the following heads, viz: The pur- 
 chase of sites and materials for and construction and repairs of the 
 various fortifications throughout the United States ; constrnction and 
 repairs of roads, bridges, bridge-trains, &c., for armies in the field ; sur- 
 veys on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts ; examination and surveys of 
 the northern and western lakes and rivers ; construction and repairs of 
 breakwaters ; repairs and improvement of harbors, both on sea and lake 
 coasts; improvement of river.s, and purchase of snag and dredge boats 
 for the same J and the expenses of the Military Academy at West Point.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 247 
 
 Tlie transactions of tiie subsistence and engineer branches for tlio 
 fiscal year arc shown by the following statement, viz: 
 
 
 Subsistence accounts. 
 
 Engineer «ccouuts. 
 
 
 Number. | 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 
 r,-\2 ' 
 
 1, !I24 
 
 $1,221. .'■.00 58 
 3, SU4, 770 27 
 
 5B 
 
 aa ?<ra 9na qa 
 
 
 1!<2 ' 9 C04' 191 59 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 2, 4.'.C , 
 1, 494 ' 
 
 5, 0-J6, 270 8.5 
 3, 796, 070 34 
 
 250 1 13 048 4<il 49 
 
 Repotted daring the fiscal v©ar 
 
 219 j 8 221 812 41 
 
 
 
 Kemuiniug on band June 30 1882 
 
 902 1 
 
 1, 230, 191 51 
 
 31 
 
 4, 826, 589 08 
 
 
 Number of vouchers examined, 158,538; number of letters •written, 
 2,018; number of ditferences written, l,015j number of calls answered, 
 95G J number of clerks employed, 9. 
 
 CLAIMS DIVISION. 
 
 This division has the settlement of claims of a miscellaneous charac- 
 ter arising in the various branches of service in the War Department, 
 and growing out of the jmrchase or appropriation of supplies and stores 
 for the Army ; the purchase, hire, or appropriation of water craft, rail- 
 road stock, horses, wagons, and other means of transportation; thetrans- 
 portation contracts of the Army ; the occupation of real estate for camps, 
 barracks, ho.spitals, fortifications, &c.; the hire of employes, mileage,, 
 courts-martial foes, traveling expenses, commutations, «S:c. ; claims for 
 compensation for vessels, railroad cars, engines, &c., lost in the military 
 service; claims growing out of the Oregon and Washington war of 1855 
 and 1856 and other Indian wars; claims of various descriptions under 
 special acts of Congress, and claims not otherwise assigned for adjudi- 
 cation. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS CLAIMS for fiscal year 1831-'82. 
 
 On hand .June 30, 18S1 
 
 Keccivtd duiiug the year. .. 
 
 Total 
 
 Dispotied of during the j em- 
 
 Ou hand June 30, 1882 
 
 Miscellaneous claiina. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Amount 
 claimed. 
 
 Amount 
 allowed. 
 
 13, 299 
 3,614 
 
 a$8, 889, 432 05 
 b-J, 203, 198 10 
 
 
 
 
 16, 913 
 3,398 
 
 12, 092, 530 21 
 c2, 780, 305 08 
 
 
 $2,041,775 98 
 
 13, 515 
 
 d9, 312, 105 13 
 
 
 
 a This is the amount claimed in 11,6'14 casem.the amount olairiied in the otlierl,C55 cases not being stated. 
 i)Tli!s is tlio aniouiitcLtinied in 3,473 cases, the amount <-laiinfd in the otberl41 cases not Iteiug stated, 
 c This is the amount claimed iu 3,249 cases, the amount claimed in thi^ other 149 eases not being stuted. 
 {{This is the amount claimed in 11, 868 cases, the amount claimed in the other 1,647 cases not being stated.
 
 248 
 
 I'APEIi.S ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 MIUL'ELLANEOUS CLAIMS for pad year ISSl-to-^Coutinued. 
 
 I Oregon aud Waahirifiton In- iLost vossels, &.C., under act 
 dian war cluinis, 18 Jj-'56. I ol' March 3, 1849. 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Xnin- 
 lier. 
 
 Amount 
 claimod. 
 
 Amownt 
 allowed. 
 
 Num- 
 ber. 
 
 .Amount 
 claimed. 
 
 Amount 
 allowed. 
 
 f)u hand June 30, 1881 
 
 688 
 
 38 
 
 e$6, 308 52 
 /4, 070 55 
 
 
 71 
 . 1 
 
 $722, 728 87 
 175 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 726 
 36 
 
 11,369 07 
 .-70, 321 82 
 
 
 72 
 
 722, 903 87 
 50, 000 00 
 
 
 Disposed of dm in;: tlit; .vnar 
 
 $2,706 31 
 
 $30, 000 00 
 
 On band, Tune 30, 1882 
 
 690 
 
 AC, 047 25 
 
 
 70 
 
 072, 903 87 
 
 
 
 
 
 e This is the amount claimed in 322 ca.scp, tlie amount claimed in the other 36G cases not being fttAted. 
 /Tliis is the aiiioiiiit clairncd in 21 cases. Ibe amount tbiimed in the other 17 cases not being stated. 
 .7 This is the ariioiMit clninio.d in 23 cases, the luuounl claimed iu the other 11 cases not being Rtat<Ml. 
 "A This is the aniciint <laiiiii'd iu 320 eases, the amount claimed in the otlier 370 cases not being stated. 
 
 Number of letters written during tlie year, 1,995. 
 
 STATE AXD HOKSK CLAIMS RIVISIOX. 
 
 The duties of this division embrace the settlement, under the various 
 acts and resolutions of Congress relating thereto, of all claims of the 
 several States and Territories for tho costs, charges, and expenses 
 properly incurred by them for enrolling, subsisting, clothing, supplying, 
 arming, equipping, paying, and transporting their troops, employed in 
 aiding to suppress the recent insurrection against the United States, 
 and all claims arising out of Indian and other border invasions. Also 
 the settlement of claims for compensation for loss of horses and equi- 
 page sustained l)y officers or enlisted men- while in the military service 
 of the United States, and for the loss of horses, mules, oxen, wagons, 
 sleighs, and harness, while in said service, by impressment or contract. 
 
 
 Original account. 
 
 Suspended account. 
 
 
 Num- 
 ber. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 1 
 Num- Amount, 
 ber. 
 
 On band June 30, 1881 
 
 13 
 1 
 
 $4, 709, 358 87 
 RQ flSl 67 
 
 31 i $4, 932, 597 50 
 
 
 1 : Gi, 143 12 
 
 
 
 
 Total 1 
 
 14 ! 4, 8.59, 340 54 
 4 j 514, 320 42 
 
 32 1 4, 994, 740 62 
 
 
 5 1 141, 888 20 
 
 
 
 On hand June 30, 1882 
 
 10 
 
 4, 345, 020 12 
 
 27 4, 852, 852 42 
 
 
 
 Horse claims. 
 
 Original account. 
 
 Num- 
 ber. 
 
 Num- 
 ber. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 On hand June 30, ISSl 
 
 IJe-ceived during the fiscal year 
 
 Keconsideied during the itscal year. 
 
 Total , 
 
 Allowed during the fiscal year . 
 
 Disallowed on claims .' 
 
 Rejected during the fiscal year. 
 
 Total 
 
 Deduct as disposed of. 
 
 419 i $52, 050 29 | 
 
 ' 6.443 48 ; 
 
 22 2, 648 06 I 
 
 441 I 61, 147 S3 ' 
 
 4, 791 $875, 341 17 
 
 277 42,930 1.') 
 
 177 1 11, 389 .->9 
 
 5, 245 i 929, 660 91 
 
 441 
 
 61, 147 S3 
 
 On hand June 30, lSJi2 \ i 4,804 : 868,513 ii8
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASTRY. 
 
 249 
 
 Narnbtn- of briefs, 41G; nniiiber of claims examined aiul suK})eii(l<^d, 
 i/i'oo; nmuber of letters received, 4,.S.54: miiuber of letters written, 
 5,r)2;3<5 number of clerks employed, C. 
 
 AlIMY rKXSION DIVISION'. 
 
 The duties of this disisiou embrace the .settlement of all accounts 
 Avhich pertain to the payment of Army pensions throughout the United 
 States. 
 
 The following tabh's show IIk o)»('ratioiis of tlie division during the 
 
 fiscal year : 
 
 Array pen.sion.s, 167'J ;md ])nor yt'ai:? : 
 
 Amount refuuflcd aiid deiiositcd during tlie liscal year $lj, 160 Ih") 
 
 Ariuy })ensioiis IScO : 
 
 iialanco to credil of ;(i)piopriatiou June :]0, 18.-51 7G9, 006 15 
 
 Amount refVuidt'd :nul deposited during the year 2,204 A^t 
 
 Total 771,210 60 
 
 Amount paid out on settlements during the year 1, 258 3:i 
 
 Balance to credit of appropriation June 30, 18S2 769,952 27 
 
 Army pensions, 1881. 
 
 
 
 Army. 
 
 Pay, &c. 
 
 Sorgeona. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Balance on hand Jnno 30, 1881 
 
 
 
 
 $3,472 53 
 416, 536 92 
 
 $4, 018 42 
 23, 749 38 
 
 $1, 665 00 
 12, 944 00 
 
 $10, 055 95 
 453, 230 30 
 
 
 Juno 30, 
 June 30, 
 
 VgVl! 
 1882. 
 
 
 Total 
 
 Amount paid out on eettlementj*' 
 
 Amount transfoiTed to Xavy pensions 
 
 420, 009 45 
 G97 67 
 
 28, 667 80 
 
 14, 609 00 
 
 403, 286 25 
 
 1, 000 00 
 
 
 i, 697 67 
 
 
 
 
 Balance to credit of appropriation 
 
 419, 311 78 
 
 27, 067 80 
 
 14, 609 00 
 
 461, 588 58 
 
 Arrears of Army and ITavy pensions. 
 
 Army. 
 
 Fees. 
 
 TotaL 
 
 Amount appropriated, acts .Taunary 29 and March 3, 1879 . 
 
 $25, 000, 000 00 
 500, 000 00 
 
 $15, 000 00 
 
 $25, 015, 000 00 
 500, 000 00 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 25, 500, 000 00 
 
 15. 000 00 26, 516, 000 00 
 
 
 
 Aiuo\uit di«bur9€f<l by pension apents, 1879, "Army " 
 
 Amount ilislmrsed by pon.sion agent.s, 1880, "Army" 
 
 Amount ('.isl)ursed by pension a^onts, ]S8i, "Army" 
 
 Amount disburstkl by pension agent*, 1882, "Army" 
 
 4, 019, 527 33 
 
 19, 009, 885 78 
 
 667, 979 05 
 
 132, 702 65 
 
 1,884 00 4,021,41133 
 
 10, 535 10 19, 620, 390 88 
 
 446 70 1 668, 425 75 
 
 92 40 1 132, 795 05 
 
 Total 
 
 24,430,094 81 
 
 12, 958 20 t 24, 443, 053 01 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1, 069, 905 19 
 
 2, 041 80 
 
 1, 071, 946 99 
 
 Army pensions, 1882. 
 
 Army. 
 
 Pay, Sz.c. 
 
 Sorseons. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Amount approjiriated, act 'Marcli 3, 1881... 
 
 Amount approiniated, aet May 25, 18S'i 
 
 Amount transleircd from JS'avy 
 
 $■18, 400, 000 00 $24 J, 000 00 
 
 16,000,000 00 
 
 I 2,500 00 
 
 $240, 000 00 
 '" 6, 000 00 
 
 $48, 884, 000 00 
 
 16, 000, 000 00 
 
 8,500 00 
 
 Total , 
 
 A mount to crcilit of appropriation imdrawu . 
 Amount drawn to be accounted for 
 
 04, 400, 000 00 246, 500 00 I 240, 000 00 I 01, 892, 500 00 
 3, 582, 847 14 j 917 01 i 4, !I31 00 i 3, 588, 095 75 
 
 00, 817, 162 80 245, 582 39 
 
 Amount disbursed by pension a^ent.'* 
 
 I'nexpended biilauci-s in hands of pension 
 
 agents, to be deposited I 7,621,645 46 | 
 
 Amount paid on misccllanoouB settlement.-! 18 00 | 
 
 53, 195, 489 40 | 234, 451 97 
 11, 130 42 
 
 60, 817, 152 86 245, 582 39 
 
 241, 069 00 I 61, 303, 804 25 
 
 222, 905 87 53, 652, 037 24 
 
 18, 073 13 
 
 7, 650, 849 01 
 18 00 
 
 241, 069 00 61, 303, 804 25
 
 250 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The followinf^ table sliows the mimbcr of acoounts received and au- 
 dited during the (Lseal year: 
 
 
 Army pensions. 
 
 Arrears of pensions. 
 
 TotaT 
 
 
 ISO. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 No. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 No. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Accounts <in liaiid, June 30. 1P81 
 
 Accounts recoivcil during t lie year. . 
 
 202 
 
 $n7, 016,697 11 
 50,018,294 U 
 
 80 
 
 201 
 
 $191,97.T 41 
 133,718 32 
 
 2.53 
 403 
 
 $37, 808, 670 52 
 50, 182, 012 66 
 
 Total 
 
 375 
 
 87. 064, 991 45 
 
 281 
 
 325, 691 73 
 
 6.56 
 
 87, 990, CK3 18 
 
 
 , 
 
 Accounts rcpoitedtoSeconfl Comp- 
 troUiT 
 
 Accounts remainiug unsettled June 
 30 1B82 
 
 170 
 
 205 
 
 37, 265, 332 73 
 50, 399, 658 72 
 
 194 
 
 87 
 
 252, 858 97 
 72, 832 70 
 
 304 
 292 
 
 37, 518, 191 70 
 50, 472, 491 48 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 375 
 
 87, 664, 991 45 
 
 281 
 
 325, 691 73 
 
 656 
 
 87, 990, 083 18 
 
 
 
 Pensioners recorded 
 
 Pensioners transferred 
 
 Pensionera increased 
 
 Pensioners resjtored 
 
 Certificates reissued 
 
 Changes noted 
 
 Corrections made -- 
 
 Arrears notifications recorded 
 
 Pension vouchers examined 
 
 Payments entered » 
 
 Pages of abstract added * 
 
 Pages of miscellaneous copied 
 
 Payments corrected ^. 
 
 Surgeons' certificates copied 
 
 Vouchers -withdraAvu from tiles 
 
 Names and records copied - 
 
 Letters received and registered 
 
 Letters written * - 
 
 Letters copied 
 
 Letters indexed 
 
 Pension checks verrfied before payment, 57, amounting to 
 
 Settlements for "lost checks" made, 31, amounting to 
 
 Settlements for "forged checks" made, 5, amounting to 
 
 Settlements for transportation on pccouut of artificial limbs, 10, amounting to. 
 Settlement for commutation on account of artificial limb, 1, amounting to.. 
 Settlement ou account of stationery furnished pension agents, 1, amount- 
 ing to 
 
 Supi)lemeutal settlements in July, 1881, 4, amounting to 
 
 The following tabular statement exhibits the number of accounts, 
 and amount involved, on hand and unsettled July 1, 18G9, together 
 with those received and audited each fiscal year since: 
 
 27, 142 
 
 1, 306 
 
 9, 92.3 
 
 7G9 
 
 1,400 
 
 8H8 
 
 5,G51 
 
 12, 436 
 
 828, 175 
 
 772, 574 
 
 28,099 
 
 4,825 
 
 G8 
 
 269 
 
 4,633 
 
 10, 732 
 
 3,653 
 
 3,662 
 
 2,911 
 
 2, 911 
 
 $1,478 45 
 
 $2, 728 73 
 
 $390 67 
 
 §138 35 
 
 $50 00 
 
 $323 80 
 $6,241 41 
 
 
 Received. 
 
 Audited. 
 
 
 Num- 
 ber. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Num- 
 ber. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 On Innfl .Tlllv 11 IRfiO 
 
 637 
 714 
 930 
 6«4 
 711 
 8G4 
 798 
 741 
 834 
 538 
 256 
 .547 
 449 
 455 
 
 |34 811 593 .S3 
 
 
 
 
 27, 743, 819 29 
 
 28, 513, 202 44 
 28, Oei, 597 20 
 
 28. 7.->6. 702 92 
 
 29, 708, 332 20 
 29, 572, 855 54 
 28, 348, 161 99 
 27, 899, 359 30 
 33, 194, 149 18 
 26,123,111 64 
 61, 010, 1.12 95 
 50.C6f).g4l 54 
 50, 191, 885 02 
 
 631 
 789 
 900 
 7!>5 
 786 
 C19 
 1, 150 
 952 
 715 
 281 
 277 
 5'n 
 416 
 
 $25, 596. 876 39 
 
 
 32, Sn, 334 28 
 
 K»H<ivid ami aiiditoil tiscal year 1872 
 
 Kitcivid auil audited fiscal year 1873 
 
 40, 000, 205 68 
 33. 920, .5.56 19 
 26, 431, 956 71 
 
 
 19, 888, 428 52 
 
 Iti-ceived am\ audited liscal year 1876 
 
 48. 4X3. 036 92 
 34. 0G7, 985 43 
 
 Jieceived iiiid audited tiscal year 1878 
 
 Ki'Ceived and audited tiseal year 1879 
 
 24, 133, 591 52 
 25, 765. 870 .58 
 
 Received and audited H.^^eal year 1880 
 
 Received and audited ti.scal year I.SSI 
 
 Received and audited tiacal year ISSJ ................ 
 
 31, 169, 748 01 
 54, 973. G59 39 
 37. 528. 064 60 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 9,158 
 8,866 
 
 485, 201, 805 76 
 434, 729, 314 28 
 
 8, 8CG 1 434. 729. 314 28 
 
 Deduct amonnt audited 
 
 
 
 
 
 Balance on hand June 30, 1882... 
 
 292 
 
 50, 472, 491 48 
 
 

 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
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 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 253 
 
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 254 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 COLLECTION DIVISION. 
 
 STATEMENT of BUSINESS TRANSACTED hy the COLLECTION DIVISION dur- 
 ing the fiscal year ended June 30, lb82. 
 
 Jnlv, 1881 
 
 August, 1881.... 
 September, 1881 . 
 October, 1881.... 
 November, 1881 . 
 December, 1881.. 
 January, 1882 ... 
 Febraary, 1882.. 
 
 March, 1882 
 
 Apiil, 1882 
 
 May, 1882 
 
 June, 1882 
 
 Total. 
 
 1,192 
 
 720 
 576 
 582 
 683 
 114 
 1,245 
 990 
 58G 
 575 
 814 
 
 8,077 
 
 255 
 128 
 212 
 367 
 354 
 
 3:i4 
 
 313 
 
 344 
 3.S6 
 259 
 235 
 273 
 
 3,410 
 
 3,255 
 2,401 
 3,318 
 6, 782 
 5,667 
 6,024 
 6,303 
 6, 300 
 6, 582 
 4,536 
 5,104 
 5,552 
 
 61,884 
 
 ga 
 
 Pel' 
 
 §-s.a 
 
 133 
 
 117 
 
 25 
 
 85 
 
 148 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 102 
 
 137 
 
 156 
 
 96 
 
 120 
 
 286 
 100 
 252 
 381 
 352 
 348 
 310 
 349 
 350 
 201 
 223 
 295 
 
 3,567 
 
 -i ™ 
 
 c ^ 
 
 235, 843 
 
 542 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 There have been added to the files during the year new settlements 
 as follows, viz: Miscellaneous claims, 3,505 ; money accounts of disburs- 
 ing officers of the Army, 1,403; accounts of agents for payiug Army 
 pensions, 227; property returns of Army officers, 2,298; making a total 
 of 7,493. A portion of the old settlements have been rearranged and 
 relabeled, and a large number of mutilated abstracts have been repaired. 
 All the records are now systematically arranged, and the old rooms are 
 entirely filled. The room formerly occupied by the Bureau of Engrav- 
 ing and Printing, and assigned to this office, is not yet half filled, and it 
 wHl suffice for at least three years. The records are in a good state of 
 preservation. Four clerks have been constantly emi)Ioyed in arrang- 
 ing and keeping the files in good condition. 
 
 There were eight ladj' copyists employed in this office during the year. 
 The number of pages copied and comi^ared was as follows, viz: Mis- 
 cellaneous papers, 17,780 pages ; ditference sheets, 1,480; letters, 5,575; 
 total, 23,835. The papers received for copying and registered, were: 
 Miscellaneous, 3,588 ; difi'erence sheets, 480 ; total, 4,008. 
 
 Under the provisions of section 886 of the lievised Statutes, in cases 
 where suit is instituted to collect money due from pension agents the 
 transcripts can be certified only by the liegister of the Treasury, 
 who has nothing whatever to do either with the settlement of said ac- 
 count or the custody of the same after settlement, and who can have no 
 knowledge respecting the correctness of the transcript, except that 
 gained from the Third Auditor. The Third Auditor is also without au- 
 thority to certify transcripts for suit a<;ainst failing contractors and 
 other persons charged upon the books of his office. To remedy this 
 defect in the law I respectfully suggest that section 886 of the Ee%ised 
 Statutes ought to be so amended as to provide that upon the trial of a 
 suit against any person, on a contract with the United States, express 
 or implied, or against any person accountable for public money, or the 
 sureties of such person, a transcript from the books and proceedings of 
 the Auditor of the Treasury Department, charged with the examina- 
 tion and settlement of the account with such person or persons, certi-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 255 
 
 fiecl by the Auditor and authenticated under the seal of the Treasury 
 Department shall be admitted on the trial of such suit as evidence of 
 the balance due to the United States, and be entitled to the s;\me degree 
 of crexlit which would be due to the original papers or records if pro- 
 duced and authenticated in court. 
 
 By the act of Congress ajiproved June 23, 1874, and the act of Con- 
 gress approved March 3, Iblo, autliority is given the Secretary of "War 
 to i>ay the expenses of operating and keeping in repair the telegraph 
 lines constructed aiul operated by the AVar Department in Texas, New 
 Mexico, the Territory of Arizona, &c., out of any moneys received for 
 dispatches sent over said lines, and any balance remaining after the 
 payment of such exptjnses must be covered into the Treasury as a mis- 
 cellaneous receipt. Under the construction jdaced by the accounting 
 oflicers ui)on the several acts making appropriations for the construc- 
 tion, maintenance, oi)erating, and keeping in repair the several tele- 
 graph lines under the control of the War Department, all funds received 
 from the public for the transmission of private dispatches (excepting 
 receipts from line extending from Bismarck, Dak., to Fort Ellis, ]\lont.) 
 may be used by the War Department as hereinbefore indicated, instead 
 of making deposit of the same in the Treasury-, and said sums enter into 
 the gross amount disbursed by the Signal Bureau of the War Depart- 
 ment during a given fiscal year, but do not constitute any portion of the 
 sums specifically appropriated by Congress in the usual manner, such 
 fuiuls having never been in the Treasury, thereby showing an excess of 
 expenditures over amounts aijpi'opriated by Congress for that particular 
 service. Section 3017 Hevised Statutes, second edition, provides that 
 the gross amount of all moneys received from whatever source for the 
 use of the United States, except as otherwise provided in section 3G18, 
 shall be paid by the officer or agent receiving the sanu', into the Treas- 
 ury at as early a day as practicable, without any abatement or deduct- 
 ion on account of salary, fees, costs, charges, expenses, or claim of any 
 description whatever, lleceipts from these telegra])li lines are not em- 
 braced within the jjrovisions of secticm 3618, and are not exceptions to 
 the general law beaiing ui)on the subject. 
 
 I think it requires no argument to show the wisdom of a ]>rovision of 
 law which kee])s the expenditure of the ])ul)lic reveiuie entirely under 
 the control of Congress; and I am of oitinion that awisei)olicy dictates 
 that every dollar expended for the supi)ort of the government in all its 
 branches should be traced directly to the Treasury, and the authority 
 under which it was drawn therefrom. Inasmuch, therefore, as tliere 
 appears to be a contiict between section 3017 of the Kevise*! Statutes 
 and the acts recited, I would respectfully suggest the propriety of legis- 
 lation requiring all inoneys received for the transmission of i)rivate (lis- 
 l)atches over any and all of the lines owned or uijcrated by the general 
 government, to be doi)osited in the Treasury. 
 
 I resi)ectfully renew n\v recommendation in regard to a stiitute of 
 limitation. Such statutes are no longer looi<ed ui)()n with «lisfavor by 
 courts or legislativti bodies, aiul ])rovisions of this kind resiicctiiig suits 
 between individuals are, I believe, nearly universal. That which is 
 everywhere conceded to be wise and just as between citizens of a State 
 can but be considered fair and just as l)et\veen the citizen and the State. 
 Few claims that are fair and honest fail of pres(,ntati(Ui \\ iihin six years 
 from their origin, and the claimant who waits longer, if laboring uiuler 
 no legal disability, should be barred, in my opinion. One thing is cer- 
 tain, no one can be familiar with the business of this oflice for any pe- 
 riod, however brief, without being thoroughly convinced that such a
 
 256 PAPKKS ACCOMPANYING TUK 
 
 limitation would ho of great A'aliie a.s a pi'Ot»;ction to the ]>ublic Treas- 
 ury, would remove a great temptation from the viciously inclined, and 
 would give'much needed relief to the Executive Departments. 
 
 I take pleasu)e in bearing testimony to the general good character, 
 intclligenco, and diligence of tho, ])erson,s employed in this bureau, and 
 commend them for the faithful manner in which they have discharged 
 their duties. 
 
 Kespectfully submitted. 
 
 E. W. KEIGHTLEY, 
 
 Audito)'. 
 Hon. Charles J. Folgee, 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 EEPOET OF THE FOURTH AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Treasury Department, 
 
 FoiTRTH Auditor's Office, 
 Washingto7i, Kovemher 1, 1882. 
 
 Sir: In accordauce with the law requiring the Auditor charged with 
 the examination of the accounts of the Department of the !Xavy to report 
 annually, on the first Monday in iSTovember, to the Secretary of the 
 Treasury, the application of the money appropriated for the 2savy De- 
 partment, I have the honoi; to submit the following tabular statements 
 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, with such comments and expla- 
 nations as they seem to require at my hands. 
 
 Disbursing officers in foreign waters, as authorized bylaw, make their 
 payments from a fund (which has been drawn from the Treasury under 
 a "general account of advances,") charging each particular jjayment'to 
 its proper appropriation, subject to revision here. Monthly statements 
 of these expenditures are made to this office. Many of them, of course, 
 are not received until weeks, in some cases months, after the close of 
 the fiscal year, but all were in when the table immediately following 
 was made up, and which is designed to exhibit the several appropria- 
 tions made by Congress, and the exjienditures with which they are prop- 
 erly chargeable, as shown by the reports of the officers who have dis- 
 bui'sed the money. Pay officers at home draw money under the respec- 
 tive heads of ai)propriation, keeping in hand sufficient sums to meet 
 current liabilities, and returning unavailable balances to the Treasury, 
 as required by law. Appropriations with balances to their credit wOl 
 still be drawn upon to meet liabilities lawfully incurred during the fiscal 
 year. Payments of the latter character are shown in this table where 
 expenditures under appropriations for years prior to 1882 are mentioned. 
 It will be observed that the aggregate payments during the year are a 
 little less than the aggregate of the appropriations for 1882. Some 
 appropriations have been ovferexjiended, some deficiencies have already 
 beeu made good by appropriations, while others remain for the futiu'e 
 consideration of Congress. A deficiency not made good by a subsequent 
 appropriation must fall at last upon the continuous appropriations — to 
 wit, Pay of the Xavy and the Marine Corps. To the credit of these 
 appropriations there were standing at the beginning of the fiscal vear: 
 Pay of the Navy, $1,747,521.73, and Pay of the'^Marine Corps,$798,7i2.25. 
 These sums have been added to their respective appropriations in the 
 following table, making the amounts available for the year for pay of 
 officers and men :
 
 REPORT, OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 25? 
 
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 259 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 2G0 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
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 ^> H
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 261 
 
 EXCHANGE. 
 
 Bills of oxckniifje -^ere sold hy the pay ofiicers of the Department of 
 the Navy during the year to the amount of 8l,7G7,723.7.~». Of tliis .sum, 
 •91,355,137.71 Mi'.s drawn on Messrs. Soli^^man Brotiiers, London, and 
 $412,586.04 on the Se<;retary of the JS'avy. The foliowin;; tables sliow 
 these transactions in detail: 
 
 DRAFTS DRAWN <m SELIGMAX BROTHERS, XA FY AGENTS, LONLON, 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Amount re- 
 cuived. 
 
 Loss. 
 
 Gain. 
 
 Aoapnlco, Mexico 
 
 Alpxaudria. Ejiypt 
 
 Ajica. S.iinoa 
 
 Bordt-aux. Kiauco 
 
 Callao, I'oru 
 
 Ca pi) To<vn, A frica 
 
 Cliffoo, China 
 
 I'loi-onV'o, Italy 
 
 Fiiiiclial. Madeira , 
 
 (;>noa, Italy 
 
 (jil)rallar. Spain 
 
 <jiavescii<l, England 
 
 llioso, Japan. 
 
 Ilong-Konp. China 
 
 l<piii|U(', I'cni 
 
 Kobe, Japan 
 
 LeKhom, lt;dy 
 
 Iiima, Pcni 
 
 London, England 
 
 Maiseilles, France 
 
 Montevideo, Urugnay 
 
 Nagasaki, Japan 
 
 Js'^aploa, Italy 
 
 2s'i<'f>. France , 
 
 I'ari.s, France 
 
 rintus, (iifccc 
 
 Plymouth. Knpliind 
 
 Kib de .Janeiro, liiazil 
 
 Sandy I'oint, I'ata;ioniii. 
 
 Santa \nna. Cura<^oa, West Indies ... 
 
 Shanghai. China , 
 
 Siugaporn 
 
 Sniyma, Turkey 
 
 Stanley Port, P'alkland iHlaudt...^.. 
 
 Trieste, Austri.a 
 
 Valparaiso, Chili ,. 
 
 West C owes . Lsle of "Wight 
 
 Yokobama, Japan 
 
 t 
 
 S. 
 
 ,074 
 400 
 , 200 
 ,000 
 , 88J 
 ,500 
 ,000 
 ,000 
 
 , ;!t;5 
 
 ,000 
 , C'iS 
 
 800 
 ,000 
 , .500 
 
 2K3 
 
 , :v,» 
 
 ,000 
 676 
 600 
 ,000 
 ,000 
 ,500 
 ,000 
 ,300 
 
 ,000 
 
 500 
 ,000 
 ,000 
 
 500 
 
 500 
 ,000 
 ,000 
 ,000 
 
 300 
 , 000 
 
 478 
 , 000 
 , POO 
 
 ». d. 
 
 17 10 I 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 111 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 3 
 9 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 $5, 230 97 
 
 1, 946 60 
 
 10, 706 30 
 
 4, 866 50 
 
 9, 166 05 
 
 46, '-'31 75 
 
 4. 8Q6 50 
 
 24, 332 50 
 
 26, 108 77 
 
 14, .igg 50 
 
 43, 961 77 
 
 3, 893 20 
 9, 733 00 
 
 61, 0'.)ii 25 
 
 1, 377 .-.2 
 176, ;i87 24 
 
 9, 733 00 
 
 2, 803 10 
 2,919 90 
 
 29, 199 00 
 
 238, 458 .la 
 
 26, 765 75 
 
 34. 065 50 
 
 308, 049 45 
 
 4, 806 50 
 
 2, 433 25 
 
 20. 199 00 
 
 24, 332 50 
 
 2, 433 25 
 
 2, 433 25 
 
 9, 733 00 
 
 4, 866 .-)0 
 9, 733 00 
 1,4.')9 95 
 9,733 00 
 2, 320 19 
 9,733 UO 
 
 154, 754 70 
 
 $.5,341 00 
 1, 951 23 
 10. 032 00 
 4, 873 25 
 8,927 69 
 46, 129 53 
 4,715 60 
 24, 125 00 
 26, 002 77 
 14, 022 65 
 43, 854 02 i 
 
 3, 893 20 . 
 9, 524 92 i 
 
 49,893 19 . 
 
 1, 377 52 ! 
 169, 255 78 i 
 
 9, 6»;9 30 I 
 2,803 10 ! 
 
 2. 919 90 i 
 
 29, 17:: 48 ; 
 
 236,921 21 
 25,793 12 
 .33, 934 22 
 
 306, 817 91 
 
 4, 861 67 
 2, 433 25 
 
 29. 155 20 
 24, 138 15 
 2,433 25 
 2, 400 62 
 9,403 93 
 4, 702 68 
 9, 619 12 
 1,459 95 
 9, 609 30 
 2, 326 19 
 9, 720 83 
 150,527 18 
 
 $074 30 
 
 249 1.14 
 102 20 
 150 90 
 207 50 
 106 00 
 
 114 50 
 Par 
 
 208 08 
 1,205 00 
 
 7, 731 46 
 63 70 
 
 Par 
 
 Par 
 
 28 40 
 
 1, 627 61 
 
 972 63 
 
 131 28 
 
 1,231 54 
 
 4 83 
 
 Par 
 
 43 80 
 225 28 
 
 Par 
 
 26 63 
 329 07 
 163 82 
 113 88 
 
 I'ar 
 
 63 70 
 
 Par 
 
 12 17 
 4, 227 52 
 
 $110 03 
 4 63 
 
 6 75 
 10 68 
 
 23 15 
 6 75 
 
 2 88 
 0« 32 
 
 30 93 
 
 Total 278.462 9 10 1, 355, 137 71 I 1, 335, 408 93 20,014 00 286 12 
 
 DRAFTS DRAWN on the SECRETARY of the NAVY. 
 
 Amoaut. 
 
 A cnpnlc|k ifoxico 
 
 Aspinw.'Ql. lTnitc<l States of Colombia 
 
 Bennfort, South Oarolina 
 
 Callao, Peni 
 
 F.iyal, A/.ores 
 
 Lima, Pern , 
 
 Mn/.atlan. Mexico 
 
 Panama, United Statoa of Colombia.. 
 Santa Anna, Cura<;oa, West Indies. . . 
 
 Santiago, Ca]>o Verde Islands 
 
 Tahiti, Society Islands 
 
 Valpaniiso. Chili.... 
 
 \'icioria, llritish Coiumbia 
 
 Yokohama, Japan 
 
 Total 
 
 $16, 183 57 
 
 11,5(10 (lO 
 
 40. 000 00 
 
 H. 000 IM) 
 
 2. 500 0(t 
 
 69, (134 49 
 
 2, 078 ,■>« 
 
 67,817 13 
 
 0,700 00 
 
 110 00 
 
 3,000 00 
 
 13.662 27 
 
 15, 500 00 
 
 lii6, 000 00 
 
 $10, 183 57 
 
 11,4.50 00 
 
 39, 85(1 00 
 
 8, OHO 00 
 
 3, 500 00 
 
 68, 277 49 
 
 2, 678 M 
 06.872 13 
 
 0,700 (K» 
 100 00 
 
 3, 009 60 
 13, 562 27 
 15.4(13 12 
 
 1.53, 329 60 
 
 412,586 04 
 
 Gain, t 
 
 407, 916 36 I 4, 670 28
 
 262 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The sum of these transactions for the past year, iu coinparison with 
 those of the two previous years, is shown by the following statement: 
 
 EXCHANGE SOLD in 1862, 1881, and 1880. 
 
 Drawn on- 
 
 Year, 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Loss. 
 
 Gain. 
 
 United Stales 
 
 1882 
 1882 
 
 $412, 586 04 
 1, 355, m 71 
 
 $4, 679 28 
 20, 014 90 
 
 $9 60 
 
 
 286 12 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1,767,723 75 
 
 24, 694 18 
 
 295 72 
 
 
 1881 
 1881 
 
 
 "United states 
 
 78, 044 30 
 1, 767, 333 09 
 
 1,531 38 
 26, 268 00 
 
 102 50 
 
 
 891 97 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1, 845, 377 39 
 
 27, 790 38 
 
 994 47 
 
 
 1880 
 1880 
 
 
 
 188,590 91 
 1,746,887 39 
 
 614 05 
 27, 475 15 
 
 328 84 
 
 
 1, 130 79 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1, 935,478 30 
 
 28, 089 20 
 
 1, 459 63 
 
 
 
 
 Pay officers are instructed to draw on the Secretary of the Kavy 
 "when such bills can be as advantageously sold as those drawn on Lon- 
 don. It will be seen that the drafts on the Secretary during the past 
 year were very considerably increased over those of the two previous 
 years. In the autumn of 1881, Paymaster Foster sold in Yokohama, 
 Japan, bills to the amount of $156,000 on the Secretary, and received 
 $771.82 more than he would had the same amount been sold on Lon- 
 don. The condition of the market was rather exceptional at that time, 
 due largely to the fact that London was sending larg-e sums to iSTew 
 Tork to pay the balance of trade then in our favor. It seems probable 
 that conditions which will be favorable to the sale of United States bills 
 •will increase, as our own trade is extended to distant nations, and as 
 the balance of trade is favorable to us in our transactions with Euroi)ean 
 countries. London is still the money center, the world's clearing-house, 
 and is likely to remain so for many years to come. Our progress in 
 that direction is not very rapid, but it must in the end be sure. The 
 above tables are indications pointing that way. 
 
 In accordance with the suggestion made in my report two years ago 
 some of the pay officers are in the habit of sending with their rei>ort of 
 sales clippings of market reports iu the daily papers of even date, show- 
 ing that they have obtained the highest market rates, or even better at 
 times when active competition has been invited. The following ex- 
 tract from a letter of Paymaster Foster, written at Yokohama, Japan, 
 February 10, 1882, will illustrate this : 
 
 I inclose a cutting from the Japan Gazette, of YokoLama, Japan, of Feliruary 9, 
 1882 (evening edition), showing the rate of exchange on the day of sale for silver yen, 
 in which the bill was negotiated. The pnhlished hank selling rates were 38. dJrf. 
 sterling for hank hills on demand on Loudon, and 90 cents United States gold, on 
 New York, per silver yen. Bids were requested from five hanks, and the h«|t rates 
 ohtainahlo were 3s. S|rf. sterling, and 91 cents, respectively, per silver yen. The ster- 
 ling exchange shows hut a reasonable difterence between the buying and selling price, ' 
 but on Washington exchange the margin is larger, owing to the expected rise in 
 exchange between New York and London, on account of tlie close of the American 
 export season. The bill was drawn on London, that rate being more favorable by 
 $34.02, United States coin, and it will probably continue so for several months. 
 Washington exchange was more favorable from September, 1881, to January, 1882, 
 inclusive. , 
 
 ACCOUNT WITH SELIGMAN BROTHEKS. 
 
 A commission of 1 per cent, is paid to Seligman Brothers, London, for 
 disbursements made by them. Their commissions for the year amounted
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 263 
 
 to $U,7G0.36. They pay 4 pA cent, interest on daily balances remain- 
 iug on deposit with them; and receive 5 per cent, interest on advances 
 they make. The interest paid by them during tlie year was 84,960.5(3; 
 and that received 81,650.27, making the net interest received by the de- 
 partment $3,319.29. Money is tranferred to London from New York by 
 means of sixty-day bills. Exchange was fiivorable during the greater 
 part of the year, and the net gain from this source was 87,220.16. 
 
 THE PUBLIC CREDIT. 
 
 I have respectfully to suggest iu reference to tlie work of the Lon- 
 don fiscal agents that it could be equally well done by one of tlie Navy 
 Department's own disbursing otficers, thereby saving the conunission 
 jiow paid, and adding otherwise but little to current expenses. Such a 
 change would also comport with the dignity and charact^ir of the Gov- 
 ernment, which should be able to transact its business at home ami 
 abroad by the agency of its own citizens and ofiicers. There are in the 
 pay corps of the Navy men of ample exi)erience and ability for such a 
 trust, also of high and unquestioned character. If this suggestion should 
 not be thought feasible, then at least the commission paid should be re- 
 duced to not more than one-half of what it now is. One-half of 1 ])er 
 cent, would be ample compensation for paying out this money. At the 
 time the present commission was adopted, forty years ago or more, the 
 credit of the country was not very high, and it needed the name of a bank- 
 ing house to make its paper current. Upon this point it is instructive 
 to refer to the annual message of President Tyler, of December, 1842. 
 Speaking of an effort of the Government to make a small loan he says : 
 
 After a faihiro to do so in the Ameiicau market, a citizen of high character and 
 talent was sent to Europe witli no bettor success; and thus the niortifyiD<; spectacle 
 lias been presented of tbo inability of this government to obtain a loan so small as not 
 iu the whole to amount to more than one-fourth of its ordinary annual income, at a 
 time when the governments of Europe, although involved iu debt, and with their sub- 
 jects heavily burdened with taxation, readily obtain loans of any amount at a greatly 
 reduced rate of interest. 
 
 In 1844, Benjamin E. Curtis, late justice of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States, published in the North American Keview a very able and 
 eloquent article on tlui importance of maintaining the public faith, in 
 which he refers to this attempt to borrow money, saying: 
 
 It was offered on terms most advantageous to the creditor — terms which in former 
 times would have been eagerly accepted, and aft^r going begging through all the ex- 
 changes of Euro])!', tile agent gave up the attempt to obt:iin money iu desjiair. It is 
 impossible tobelievc that auyc-apitalist refused to lend his UKUiey because lie doubted 
 the ability of the United .Slates to i)ay their debts. Nor is it credible that the mere 
 failure of a few of llie State governments to meet their engagements would have i>ro- 
 ■ dueed tliis extraordinary elfect. It is tlie truth, and it should sink into tlie heart of 
 every American, that this loan was refused because Europe diuibted (ho honor of thin 
 country. 
 
 It cart be readily understood that, at that time, a draft on a resjM'ct- 
 ablr Ldiidon bank was a great deal better than a draft <»n the Govern- 
 ment ol" this e,onnli-y. It is unnecessary to say that all this has ehanged. 
 Our public credit does not now reijuire the sui»]>«>rt of any i)rivate linn 
 or corporation, and it is not good economy to continue payin^^ fur tliat 
 which we no longer need.
 
 264 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 liOOKKKEPER'S DI"V^S10N. 
 
 STATEMENT of fhc WOltK PERFORMED Inj the BOOKKEEPERS DIVISION 
 
 for the fiscal year oidivg June 30, lH8:i. 
 
 
 5* 
 
 a' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ?2 
 
 t 
 
 
 5 
 
 Date. 
 
 k 
 
 a to 
 <«.2 
 
 -.3 
 
 Is 
 
 .s 
 
 
 o 
 
 £•3 
 
 
 a a 
 
 > 
 l 
 
 
 B 
 & . 
 
 
 o 
 
 B 
 
 a 
 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 1'^ 
 
 5 
 
 1^ 
 
 o 
 
 
 is 
 
 
 1 
 
 »■ 
 
 P 
 
 % 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 '-A 
 
 < 
 
 'A 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 «si3 
 
 >A 
 
 <i<2 
 
 < 
 
 <1 
 
 aa 
 
 1881. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 July 
 
 223 
 192 
 
 $2, 538, 586 90 
 1,724,035 59 
 
 69 
 6 
 
 $680, 432 95 
 3, 670 38 
 
 222 
 
 189 
 
 360 
 293 
 
 35 
 C9 
 
 23 
 
 29 
 
 77 
 58 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 78 
 
 August 
 
 73 
 
 September 
 
 152 
 
 1, 683, 726 63 
 
 29 
 
 513, 863 08 
 
 133 
 
 288 
 
 « 
 
 21 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 73 
 
 
 184 
 177 
 
 1, 5.i8, 455 6U 
 
 2, 572, 298 06 
 
 29 
 51 
 
 246, 540 51 
 74.3, 197 79 
 
 209 
 155 
 
 299 
 286 
 
 89 
 59 
 
 52 
 27 
 
 83 
 119 
 
 
 • 
 
 75 
 
 IN'OTember 
 
 81 
 
 December 
 
 182 
 
 2, 604, 868 64 
 
 34 
 
 1, 689, 900 14 
 
 150 
 
 274 
 
 67 
 
 33 
 
 73 
 
 
 - 
 
 77 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 175 
 192 
 
 1, 767, 588 13 
 1,701,009 93 
 
 32 
 57 
 
 774. 590 80 
 597, 290 76 
 
 178 
 143 
 
 293 
 
 269 
 
 25 
 85 
 
 62 
 35 
 
 93 
 65 
 
 
 
 76 
 
 February 
 
 65 
 
 
 157 
 181 
 188 
 211 
 
 836, 448 69 
 2, 249, 857 04 
 1, 624, 583 16 
 1, 423, 496 36 
 
 14 
 16 
 42 
 22 
 
 5, 843 32 
 694, 585 69 
 537, 194 65 
 541, 425 42 
 
 156 
 192 
 1.53 
 150 
 
 258 
 296 
 262 
 303 
 
 83 
 69 
 73 
 85 
 
 143 
 
 258 
 31 
 120 
 
 81 
 117 
 329 
 204 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 89 
 
 
 80 
 
 
 67 
 
 
 86 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 2,214 
 
 22, 344, 955 63 
 
 401 
 
 7, 028, 535 49 
 
 2,03 
 
 3,483 
 
 745 
 
 836 
 
 1,354 
 
 920 
 
 
 
 NAVY PEXSIOX ACCOUNTS. 
 
 STATEMENT of the WOBK PERFOBMED bi/ the NAVY PENSION DIVISION for 
 
 the fiscal year endingJune 30, 1882. 
 
 Date. 
 
 m. 
 
 eS 
 P > 
 
 5 . 
 
 
 
 Amount 
 involved. 
 
 1881. 
 July 
 
 14 
 
 23 
 
 • 12 
 
 9 
 
 26 
 11 
 
 14 
 18 
 16 
 27 
 10 
 44 
 
 4 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 19 
 26 
 29 
 15 
 45 
 
 76 
 72 
 27 
 36 
 46 
 100 
 
 98 
 64 
 79 
 89 
 86 
 90 
 
 50 
 58 
 23 
 24 
 54 
 37 
 
 38 
 59 
 57 
 42 
 65 
 45 
 
 $2, 590 02 
 
 
 10, 014 24 
 
 
 84, 707 30 
 
 
 110. 996 74 
 
 
 46, 243 34 
 
 
 0, 832 21 
 
 1882. 
 
 154, 072 31 
 
 
 6.-.,641 30 
 
 
 85, 579 16 
 
 jtpril . . 
 
 30, 547 04 
 
 ilay 
 
 27, 529 91 
 
 
 140. 987 47 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 230 
 
 232 
 
 863 
 
 552 
 
 771, 741 13 
 

 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 265 
 
 ARREARS of PENSION, ACTS of JANVARY 25, and MARCH 4, 1879. 
 
 Date. 
 
 j «? ■?- . 
 
 \ B > '. sM Amount 
 
 ! 5? £? involved. 
 
 JlllV 
 
 Aiiiinst..*. 
 Oi-tober..., 
 iJtfci'iuber . 
 
 1882. 
 
 JfiMiarv 
 :Maivh.'.. 
 A 1*1 il . . . . 
 
 May 
 
 JllIU' 
 
 Total . 
 
 AilOUXT PAID NAVAL PENSIONERS. 
 
 $973 4U 
 
 1, 010 93 
 8.'4 70 
 
 Peut-ioi) agencies. 
 
 >>T- ? = s 
 J^.i i£ ^ ., 
 
 s " i. ' 
 
 Aii^riista. ile 
 
 BoHtou, Mass 
 
 Columbus. Ohio... 
 
 Cliieano, m 
 
 Concord, N'. H . ... 
 
 Dotroit. Mich 
 
 Krioxville, Tcnu . . 
 
 Lonisvilh\ Ky 
 
 Mihv.iukvo. \V'i.'< .. 
 New Voili Citv... 
 rittshursh. Pa... 
 PhihuU'iidiia. Pa. . 
 San Fiancifico, Cal 
 
 Topoka. Kflns 
 
 WasliiufTfrtu, D. C 
 
 Total 
 
 s = 
 
 c ^~*C 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 ~ Sz>^ 
 
 i^.S 
 
 « 1 
 
 fi 
 
 69 
 
 ..! 
 
 13t 
 
 $11,932 .34 
 
 520 
 
 520 : 
 
 1,040 
 
 1.57, 329 42 
 
 55 
 
 113 
 
 108 
 
 23,634 75 
 
 90 
 
 76 
 
 166 
 
 26,205 17 
 
 86 
 
 71 
 
 157 
 
 30.757 .39 
 
 24 
 
 26 1 
 
 50 
 
 6, 406 76 
 
 83 
 
 la ! 
 
 204 
 
 34. 467 49 
 
 11 
 
 23 I 
 25 1 
 
 34 
 
 3, 241 07 
 
 30 
 
 55 
 
 8.294 51 
 
 550 
 
 415 
 
 965 
 
 140, P45 26 
 
 50 
 
 69 1 
 
 119 
 
 21.771 60 
 
 320 
 
 455 1 
 
 775 
 
 95. 177 04 
 
 65 
 
 41 1 
 
 106 
 
 6,902 14 
 
 25 
 
 30 ' 
 
 55 
 
 12.971 9C 
 
 400 
 
 5lS ; 
 
 916 
 
 143.794 31 
 
 2,'378 
 
 2,563 
 
 4,841 
 
 723,731 21 
 
 Number of acconnts on hand Jane 30, 1832, 25; vouchers examined, 15,326. 
 PURCII.VBIXG PAYMASTKItS' AND ALLOTMEXT ACC(JCNf.S. 
 
 STATEMENT of thc^WORK PERFORMED hi the NAVy PAY and ALLOTMENT 
 Dn'ISION for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882. 
 
 Date. 
 
 1881 
 
 July 
 
 An^riist 
 
 SojitcnibcT 
 
 October 
 
 Xoveniber 
 
 Doceiuber 
 
 1H82 
 
 ■Tnnuary 
 
 !•> br u ary — 
 
 March 
 
 April * 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 Total : 
 
 s . 
 
 
 it 
 
 Amount ii> 
 
 B-2 
 
 «"s 
 
 £o 
 
 volviJd. 
 
 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 o « 
 
 
 
 tj 
 
 
 
 
 < 
 
 >A 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 12 
 
 213 
 
 240 
 
 $036. 000 84 
 
 17 
 
 217 
 
 •-•09 
 
 091,984 90 
 
 19 
 
 204 
 
 214 
 
 iKi, 51<5 41 
 
 26 
 
 2«2 
 
 279 
 
 158, 042 49 
 
 a 
 
 213 
 
 187 
 
 5'.'6.814 03 
 
 22 
 
 242 
 
 244 
 
 •287,423 59 
 
 55 
 
 215 
 
 214 
 
 120. 370 93 
 
 32 
 
 213 
 
 186 
 
 390, 470 CO 
 
 29 
 
 224 
 
 171 
 
 221,578 50 
 
 33 
 
 240 
 
 ■ 219 
 
 7, CM 45 
 
 31 
 
 251 
 
 2(i0 
 
 273,381 41 
 
 50 
 
 340 
 
 204 
 
 1,084,949 19 
 
 350 , 2, 734 2, 627 1 4, 891, 153 4«
 
 266 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 ALLOTMENT ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Allotments 
 registered. 
 
 Allotments 
 discontinued. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Allotments 1 Allotments 
 registered, discontinued. 
 
 1881. 
 
 132 
 48 
 
 136 
 
 149 
 88 
 
 226 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 101 1 
 115 1 
 
 154 ; 
 
 85 
 81 
 
 1882. 
 January 
 
 74 
 104 
 
 57 
 101 
 
 47 
 
 53 
 
 83 
 
 
 
 J-l 
 
 
 March 
 
 44 
 
 
 April 
 
 99 
 
 
 il ay 
 
 115 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 1,105 i 1.167 
 
 
 
 
 
 AMOUNTS PAID for ALLOTMENTS at NA VY PAY OFFICES duriug the year 1881. 
 
 New York...- !?ir.2,000 .50 
 
 Boston 0^'>,079 00 
 
 Washington, D. C 81,88.5 83 
 
 Philadelphia 70,398 50 
 
 Baltimore 36,660 00 
 
 San Francisco - '^7, 853 00 
 
 Norfolk 31,3H'J 00 
 
 Total 505,265 83 
 
 Accounts remaining on hand June 30, 1881, 283. 
 Accounts remaining on hand June 30, 1882, 193. 
 Number of vouchers examined, 31,734. 
 
 BOUNTY, ARREARS OF PAY, AND GEXEEAL CLAIMS. 
 
 STATEMENT of the WOEK PERFORMED by GENERAL CLAIMS DIVISION for 
 the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882. 
 
 
 Date. 
 
 Claims. 
 
 .H 
 
 
 S 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Knmber of reports 
 on applications for 
 
 
 o 
 
 *s 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 '5? 
 
 % 
 
 'S 
 
 
 ■!-' 
 
 .2 
 
 "tr. 
 
 ■ C 
 
 
 On 1i9Tiil Jntip 'Jrt lRi51 
 
 70 
 
 85 
 303 
 
 54 
 
 78 
 114 
 
 70 
 
 65 
 82 
 140 
 231 
 271 
 245 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1881. 
 
 70 
 .58 
 50 
 74 
 113 
 07 
 
 64 
 53 
 66 
 86 
 259 
 168 
 
 "'36' 
 
 6 
 9 
 10 
 •9 
 
 $C, 706 50 
 5, 219 56 
 3, 636 40 
 8, 091 17 
 
 12, 420 80 
 
 5, 302 33 
 
 6, 883 02 
 5, 997 33 
 3, 259 85 
 
 27,413 06 
 70, 452 53 
 39, 038 00 
 
 458 
 377 
 329 
 300 
 552 
 430 
 
 395 
 409 
 578 
 643 
 089 
 751 
 
 431 
 
 367 
 330 
 357 
 505 
 422 
 
 421 
 408 
 528 
 583 
 818 
 678 
 
 120 
 
 80 
 76 
 54 
 148 
 100 
 
 144 
 149 
 135 
 134 
 12s 
 80 
 
 4 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1S82. 
 
 2 
 
 Tebrnary 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 ■M'lv 
 
 
 
 
 ** * — .. . - 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1,814 
 
 1,134 
 
 u 
 
 195, 147 39 
 
 6,037 
 
 5, 908 
 
 1, 300 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 THE JtBXICAN WAR THREE MONTHS' EXTRA PAY. 
 
 Of the above-meiitioued settled claims CG were for the three months' 
 extra paj', autkorized by the act of February 19, 1879, for services in the
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRET AJIY OF THE TREASURY. 267 
 
 ■warMnith Mexico, and amount to the sum of $2,072.70. There had been pre- 
 Tiously settled of these chiiuis 1048, and i)aymeuts made of $4o,.j01.G8. 
 The act Just referred to provides that the firatuily is to be jtaid sub- 
 ject to the limitations of the act of July 18, 1848. As has been previ- 
 ously stated in t)ue of my reports, tliat law was passenl for the exclusive 
 benefit of persons who were employed in the military so;rvice duriuj;' the 
 Mexican war, and limite«l the i)ayment to those who ", -Nerved out their 
 term of engagement, or have been or may be honorably discharged," 
 and to the widows, children, &C., of those " who have been killed in 
 battle, or who died in service, or who, harin(j been honorahh/ dhcharged, 
 luiv(! since died, or may hereafter die, without receiving the three months' 
 pay." The term honorably discharged, as used in the law, ai)i)lied to 
 the enlisted men and to the volunteer olhcers of the Army m ho received 
 an honorable discharge when mustered out at the close of the war, or 
 when their services were no longer required. It v/ill be seen, therefore, 
 that tlie "limitations" of the law of 1848 necessarily excluded those 
 officers of the Xavy and Marine Corps who resigned their positions or 
 remained in the service, and also the heirs of those who rei?igned or 
 died in the service after the 19th of July, 1848. Bills have beoji intro- 
 ducevl designed to change the act of 1879 so that its benefits may be 
 shared by all, whether in the regular or volunteer Navy, who i)arti- 
 cipated in the Mexican war and were not discharged or dismissed for 
 dishonorable conduct during its continuance; but they have made little 
 or no pix)gress, and the matter remains in statu quo. 
 
 MILEAGE FOR TRAVEL ABROAD. 
 
 Apparently from the foundation of the Navy, certainly from 1835, it 
 Lad been the practice to pa3' mileage for travel at home and actual ex- 
 penses abroad. In 1874 all mileage was abolished by act of Congress. 
 In 1876 mileage was re-establishedfor travelinthe Xavy, and under the 
 advice of the Attorney-General the old practice of pa> ing actual ex- 
 penses abroad was continued. The question of the legality of this prac- 
 tice was tested in the case of Temi)le rs. the United States, and decided 
 by the United States Supreme Court against the defendants. Of the 
 above-settled claims 253, amounting to $03,254.94, were adjusted in ac- 
 cordance with this decision. An additional number have been adjusted 
 and paid since the close of the fiscal year, and others continue to be re- 
 ceived. At the late session of Congivss a provision was adde«l to the 
 naval appropriation bill giving legal sanction to what had been so long 
 the practice — namely, the payment of actual expenses only for tr;»v«l 
 abroad. Claims for mileage, arising under the law of 1.S35 (in force 
 until 1874), are still pending in the Court of Claims. A large number 
 have nlso been recdved by this ollice, but no action will be taken until 
 a final ttecisiou has been reached in the courts. 
 
 PAYMENTS TO MACHINISTS. 
 
 Of the above-settled clain)s 47, amounting to 828,704, were allowed 
 under the act of June 10, 1880, giving gratuities to discharged nuu-hin- 
 ists in lieu of re-enlintment, <me-thirdof one ywir's ]»ay for each good- 
 conduct badge, not to exceed three in number. A fair i»rop(trtion of 
 the clainuxnts have three of these bjidges, entitling them to a year's 
 extra pay, $918. Theiv have been reporte<l previously 51 of these set- 
 tled claims, amounting to $27,510. Claims under this act are still 
 being received.
 
 268 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 LONGEVITY CLAIMS. 
 
 Under the deei.sioyj of 1 lie court in the Tyler case only seven dauns 
 of marine <){)iccrs li'/d boon sett led Jit the close oi" the year, involving 
 the sum of ."iifl,240.{-)U, 'I'liis (U'cision is lield in tlu! De]);atnient of Jus- 
 tice as not np])li('ftWe to l()nj;evity claims in tho, Nm-y; and such claims 
 will be contesteil in the Court of Claims, where one is now jx'iidinj;-, 
 and, pro1)ably, in. the Snjireme Court. Until a decision is rcacJied no 
 action will be taken on similar claLms now in this ollice. 
 
 PKIZE-MOXKY, RECORD, AXD FILES DIVISION. 
 
 STATEMENT ojf the WORK PEEFOnMED hi/ the PRIZE-MONEY, RECORD, and 
 FILES Dl VISION Jor thefimd year ending June '60, 1682. 
 
 Bate. 
 
 18S1. 
 July 
 
 Aiifjuat 
 
 S<']itrnil>€r . 
 Octoborr 
 
 >.'i>vei!jl)er . 
 DcrenibiT .. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Jantiafv 
 
 FeltniaVy .. 
 
 jsti.i-ch: 
 
 April 
 
 f-'y- 
 
 Juue 
 
 Total... 
 
 Letteif 
 
 99 
 1-25 
 84 
 915 
 101 
 113 
 
 127 
 105 
 158 
 101 
 122 
 158 
 
 120 
 >32 
 101 
 113 
 113 
 124 
 
 157 
 119 
 182 
 142 
 148 
 189 
 
 1,389 1,040 
 
 Claims — 
 
 a> 
 
 sa 
 
 a 
 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 
 100 
 
 $212 GO 
 2!I0 60 
 557 37 
 3*8 47 
 159 18 
 204 89 
 
 509 07 
 301 84 
 988 41. 
 847 04 
 278 43 
 534 73 
 
 Kecords. 
 
 1,192 
 1,126 
 884 
 1, 120 
 1,222 
 1,166 
 
 1, 159 
 1,133 
 1, 299 
 1,417 
 1, 459 
 1,499 
 
 •ri 
 
 S5 
 
 mri 
 
 1,297 
 1,192 
 1, 057 
 1.187 
 1,270 
 1,196 
 
 1,204 
 1,218 
 1,291 
 1, 385 
 1,727 
 1,553 
 
 5, 253 29 I 14, 682 15, 637 
 
 2,383 
 2. 113 
 1,484 
 1,.516 
 2,141 
 1,588 
 
 1,485 
 1,744 
 2,187 
 1,645 
 1,551 
 1, 4*4 
 
 3,955 
 2,113 
 1,484 
 2,523 
 2, 50J 
 2,807 
 
 2,191 
 2,603 
 3,917 
 1,645 
 2,780 
 2,410 
 
 21, 321 
 
 30,933 
 
 
 66 
 
 This division is charged, also, with the preparation of all reports and 
 tabulftr statements called for by Congress and the Secretary of the 
 Treasury; the preservation and care of the files; keeping a record of 
 appointments, resignations, removals, and absences; the care and issu- 
 ing of stationery used in the office, and the payment of salaries to em- 
 ployes. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS PRIZE-MONEY. 
 
 I regret to have to say that Congress have as yet made no appropri- 
 ation to pay what is known as the " third iustallmont of Kew Orleans 
 prize-money." Besides the vessels captured by the tieet under the 
 command of Admiral Farragut, during the engaiwemeuts near Forts 
 Jackson and Saint Philip, a large number of vesseis were destroyed, 
 for which the court, in 1873, awarded the sum of $26S,G00. At the 
 date of the award there w*as in the Treasury, after i)aying fees, &c., but 
 $93,805.20 to the criedit of the appropriation " Boun.ty ibr the destruction 
 of enemies' vessels." This amount was distributed to all the captors. 
 There remains to be ap|jropriated by Congress the sum of $143,644.47. 
 There are several thousand i>ersons directly interested as creditors iu 
 this matter. This money is as justly due as tliat arising under any 
 other obligation of the government. The chaimants are worthy men 
 who have rendered valuable services to the government, and are clearly
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 269 
 
 entitled to the money which has been awffrded to them by the proper 
 court. If Congress failed to provide for thx; interest on tlie public debt, 
 or the principal when due. it would be reccijrnized as a national disj?race. 
 So, also, if they neglected to appropriate the money to meet the claims 
 settled by the accounting officers or jud.'^ments rendered by the United 
 States conrts against the Government, /t would be regarded as highly 
 reprehensible, and discreditable to our whole people. The claims of 
 ofQcers and seamen for this New Orleans prize-money — claims i>roperly 
 adjudicated and judgment given — are just as valid as those named, and 
 they ought to be paid with the same promptitude that all other lawful 
 obligations are paid. It is respectfiifVy urged that there is no shadow 
 of a reasonable excuse for longer del/ry on the part of Congress. 
 
 ABOLITION OF JPRIZE-MONEY. 
 
 It has been suggested that pwze-woney ought to be abolished; and 
 one or more amendments were offered to the last naval a])propriation 
 bill to accomplish this i)urposo, bntithey were ruled out of order,. and 
 no direct vote was reached upon them. It would seem that this is a 
 move in the right direction ami in jMicordance with the spirit of the age, 
 as well as with the laws and regu7ations governing the military arm of 
 the public service. It would be, difficult, perhaps, to give any good 
 reason why captures made at sea should be awarded to the captors any 
 more than captures made on land* The hopes of such prizes may stimu- 
 late to greater exertion in the r.aval service, and in naval engagements 
 particularly, as tliey would, doubtless, in military enterprises on land; 
 but in both cases would it not»be better to rely on the honor, the sense 
 of duty, the courage, the diwipline, and the patriotism of officers and 
 men, rather than ui)on the boi)e of incidental pecuniary reward? The 
 ineiiualities, jealousies, and dissatisfactions growing out of the distri- 
 Imtion of prize-money are proverbial, and can be remedied only by a 
 discontinuance of this reKo of ruder ages. 
 
 PATMAJ?.TERS' AND MARLNE ACCOXINTS. 
 
 ■STATEMENT of WORK PEllFORMET) hij the PAYMASTER'S DIVISION for the 
 fical year ending June 30, 1882. 
 
 July 
 
 Au(;uHt 
 
 September. 
 
 October 
 
 November . 
 December . 
 
 January .. 
 Fobnuiry . 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 Miiy 
 
 Juiio 
 
 Total, 
 
 Date. 
 
 1881. 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 S 
 
 t 
 
 Js 
 
 2d 
 2 > 
 
 fi 
 
 
 eg 
 
 
 
 
 
 It 
 
 Co 
 
 §^ 
 
 ^■3 
 
 5-S 
 
 A » 
 
 r 
 
 s 
 -< 
 
 r- 
 
 
 t-1 
 
 S 
 
 
 25 
 
 24 
 
 124 
 
 97 
 
 4ft2 
 
 :>6 
 
 27 
 
 116 
 
 133 
 
 371 
 
 21 
 
 34 
 
 107 
 
 101 
 
 eM 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 163 
 
 115 
 
 1, 722 
 
 4'.J 
 
 27 
 
 155 
 
 125 
 
 509 
 
 23 
 
 40 
 
 125 
 
 95 
 
 663 
 
 18 
 
 27 
 
 146 
 
 139 
 
 973 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 1:10 
 
 116 
 
 1, 052 
 
 26 
 
 30 
 
 104 
 
 9C 
 
 640 
 
 20 
 
 31 
 
 lf>2 
 
 103 
 
 1.196 
 
 40 
 
 33 
 
 ir>8 
 
 174 
 
 539 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 110 
 
 134 
 
 836 
 
 373 
 
 368 
 
 1,629 
 
 1,427 
 
 0,633 
 
 .a 
 
 $1,375,386 92 
 
 313, 355 34 
 
 1, 001, 121 OJ 
 
 1,109.915 24 
 
 762,234 57 
 
 1,212,181 40 
 
 1,123,275 59 
 1, 598, (J3 J ac 
 
 554. 599 21 
 1,281. 183 «8 
 
 7')0, 6(>0 42 
 1.121.576 23 
 
 12, 2W, 072 61 
 
 Accounts on hnn/1 July 1, 1881 01 
 
 Accouuta ou liand Jauo 30. 1882 60
 
 270 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 ACOOUNTa OF DISnURSING OFFICERS. 
 
 I sun ]>leHSOfl to report that, an a rule, tlie aceounts of the disbursing; 
 otiicei's of tlie'Navy liave been i)roniptIy and accurately rendered dur- 
 ing;- the year, sho\vin;j: a clear sense of resjjonsibility, and a laudable 
 l>urpose'to diNcharj>e their inxportant duties with the utmost fidelity. 
 There ha\'<5 been some excepvaous, but it is believed that these are 
 diminishing', and that there is fifi increasing sense of honor and ae(!ount- 
 ability ai>i)arent, which promises well for the future of this branch of 
 the service. The disbursements of the year have been made without 
 loss to the (rovernment so far as fjccounts have been examined in detail, 
 and it is believed thattinal settlements will exhibit this gratifying result. 
 
 VISITORS TO NAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 The act of February 14, 1879, provides that there shall be appointed 
 every year a board of visitors to attend the annual examination at the 
 Naval Atiademy. This board conjusts of twelve members^ seven of 
 them ajtpointed by the President of the United States, two Senators 
 appointed by the Vice-President or I'l'esident i)ro tempore of the Senate, 
 and three Pepresentatives a])point«Hl by the Speaker of the House. 
 The act also provides that each member of this board shall receive uot 
 exceeding eight cents per mile traveled by the most direct route from 
 his residence to Anna]»olis, and eight cents per mile for each mile from 
 said i)lace to his residence on returning. For the expenses of this board 
 of visitors Congress appropriates $2,C00 annually. The manner in 
 which this suni was expended in the hist fiscal year is shown by the 
 following statement: 
 
 ^JEMS COMPRISING COMMISSARY ACCOUNT WITH BOARD HOUSE. 
 
 Ca,iTia!;os $106 00 
 
 Barbel- 15 00 
 
 Expense cards, &.C 4 57 
 
 Umbrellas, &c 39 17 
 
 Glass (5 52 
 
 Flowers 13 76 
 
 U. S. Naval storekeeper 25 36 
 
 Chiua 205 56 
 
 Servauts 208 16 
 
 Newspaicrs 4 50 
 
 WiDes, Liquors, and Mineral 
 
 Water 589 16 Cigars. 
 
 Ice 
 
 Telegrap.liing 
 
 Tinware 
 
 Freight 
 
 Washing ,, 
 
 Groceries 
 
 Meats 
 
 Fish 
 
 Vegetables and fruit 
 Ice oream anal cake . , 
 
 $23 76 
 
 6 
 
 67 
 
 6 23 
 
 4 
 
 38 
 
 12 
 
 00 
 
 269 
 
 97 
 
 207 
 
 ;).•> 
 
 45 
 
 47^ 
 
 82 10 
 
 61 
 
 75 
 
 252 
 
 12 
 
 Total 2,169 76 
 
 L. G. BILLINGS, 
 Paymaster, U. i.\ N., Commissarji, N. A. 
 
 The remainder of the appropriation was exhausted in the payment 
 of mileage. 1 respectfully suggest that the approprLUtiou of a gross sum 
 for the i)ayment of expenses of this kind is unwi.se, as tlie above bill 
 abun(hintly show^s; and that it would be better to follow the usual 
 pracii<'e of paying a per diem and mileage and pennii*itingthe members 
 of the board to pay their own expenses, as do nearly all other officers, 
 agents, and employes of the Government. There are comfortable hotels 
 at Auna])olis, and there can be no good reason given why they should 
 be ignored and such public expendij^ures made as the above stateniciit 
 exhibits. 
 
 THE CIVIL SERVICE. 
 
 In acknowledging my obligations to the deputy auditor, Mr. B. P. 
 Davis, to the chiefs of divisions, the clerks and employes generally of
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 271 
 
 this office, I am constrained to say a few words concernin;j the civil 
 service here in Washingtoii as it has come under my observation, with 
 some suggestions as to its pei-maneucy and further improvement. It 
 is well known to tliose acquainted with this service l)y practical ex- 
 l)erience, that it is not nearly so bad as it is frequently painted by per- 
 sons who have not had such exi)erience. TJie improvements in the 
 methods of doing business and in the 2^er)iounel of the Departments have 
 been marked during the last twenty years, as many clerks can testify 
 whose service extends over the great<>r part of that time. There has 
 been a survival of the littest. The inefficient and those wanting in 
 good character have been dropped, while the capable, tlie careful, and 
 the upright have been retained. 80 that the service to-day, to say the 
 least, is in a \'ery fair coiulition. 
 
 There are in tliis bureau, as there are doubtless in every one, clerks 
 who are receiving but moderate salaries whose cajjacity and ex]>erieiu;e, 
 were they available in private business, would conunaud not only much 
 better compensation, but would insure to their owners positions of in- 
 dependence and intluencein anj' community. The services of such em- 
 ployes are very valuable to the Government, and, as long as they re- 
 uuiiu so, they ought to be retained. To secure j^ermanency in this 
 service and to insure its future eflicieucy and still further improvement, 
 two or three simple enactments are suggested : 
 
 1. The law at present requires that ''apiwintments in the Treasury 
 Dejiartment shall be so nuinagcd as to be equally distributed between 
 the several States, Territories, and the District of Columbia, according 
 to popidatiou." This princii)le should be ap])lied to all of the Dei)art- 
 ments, thus keeping up the representative idea. 
 
 2. As is well laiown, much of the time of the heads of Departments, 
 Senators, and lU'presentatives is now taken up in listeinng to and iH'e- 
 senting the reasons why certain i)ersons should be given places. For 
 days and weeks after President Garfield was inaugurated, the Secreta- 
 ries of the Treasury and Interior were overwhelmed with work of this 
 kind. To obviate this and to make the service equally open to all, let 
 the law provide that a suitable examination — comjx'titive probably the 
 best — under established general rules, shall take i)lace in the State or 
 congressional district where the applicant resides. Commercial col- 
 leges, business men, and literary institutions c(mld easily be found 
 doubtless who woid(l, free of exi)ense to the Gov«'rnnu'nt, furnish the 
 requisite boards for conducting these examinations. Clerical vacan- 
 cies in* the ])eitartmeuts and lU'W positions would then l)e filled ]»y re- 
 (piisitions on States or districts entitled to receive appointments. Tiie 
 home examination should be sufficient to entitle the ai)pli('aut to a ]n'o- 
 bationary api)ointnu'nt for a few months, upon the expiration of which 
 he should receive a permanent one, if proved to be qualified. 
 
 3. A lixed tenure of ollice of live or seven years, (with i)ri\ilege of re- 
 appointnu'ut,) during which the appointee could not be removed except 
 for inefliciency or bad conduct. 
 
 4. Promotions, other things in the aggregate being fairly e<pial, as 
 shown by suitable examination, to be in accordance with seniority of 
 service. 
 
 It appears to me, from such rotiection as I have been able to give the 
 subject, that a law embodying these suggestions would relieve the civil 
 service in Washington of the odium now attaching to it, and Cabinet 
 officers and Congressnien of nuu'h laborious, vexatious, and profitless 
 work; while uumy thousands of our fellow-citizens wiuUd be saved 
 time, money, and self-respect, whicli are now lost in weary journeying,
 
 272 PAPERS ACCORfPANYING THE 
 
 waiting, and bcscocliing only to find at last that there are no places for 
 them, and the ratio of applicants to vacancies is as twenty or more to 
 one. The service, also, which is the great point to be gained, would be 
 rendered in due time vastly more permanent and efficient than it could 
 reasonably be expected to bo where numerous and frequent changes 
 may be made by the whims of individuals, the pressure of partisans, or 
 the varying fortunes of political parties. 
 Veiy respectfidly, 
 
 CHAS. BEAEDSLEY, 
 
 Auditor. 
 Hon. Charles J. Folger, 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 BEPORT OF THE FIFTH AUDITOE OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Tbeasuby Department, 
 Fifth Auditor's Office, 
 Washington, October 31, 1882. 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith the annual report of this 
 office for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882. 
 
 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 
 
 The accounts of ministers and others in the diplomatic service (Ex- 
 hibit A) show that there were paid for salaries 8310,627.24 and for con- 
 tingent expenses 869,525.23, aggregating $380,162.47. Passport and 
 official fees amounted to $3,724.21. 
 
 The Revised Statutes classify the consulates- general, consulates, and 
 commercial agencies into three classes : 1. Those embraced in a sched- 
 ule known as Schedule B, the incumbents of which receive a fixed salary, 
 and are not allowed to engage in private business. 2. Those embraced 
 in a schedule known as Schedule 0, the incumbents of which receive a 
 fixed salary and are allowed to engage in business. 3. All other con- 
 sulates the incumbents of which are comi>ensated by the fees collected 
 in their offices and are allowed to transa<it business. In tabulating 
 consular accounts for fees, salaries, and other expenditures (*Exhibits B, 
 C, D, E, and F) this classification has been observed. The following 
 are the totals presented : 
 
 Fees for official services §889,840 55 
 
 Consular salaries $415,735 48 
 
 Loss by exchange 2, 392 90 
 
 Compensation irom fees 192, //8 98 
 
 Rent, clerk hire, ifcc, (sec. 1732 E. S.) 5,265 92 
 
 Contingent expenses 133,470 86 
 
 Allowance for clerks 54, 098 63 
 
 Rent of prison, wages of keepers, &c., China 8,236 87 
 
 Rent of prison, wages of keepers, &c., Japan 4,063 60 
 
 Rent of prisons, wages of keej>ers, »S:.c., Siaiu and Turkey.. . 899 45 
 
 Salaries of iuterpraters to consulates in China, Japan, and 
 
 Siarn 11,705 01 
 
 Salaries of marshals for consular courts 7,003 77 
 
 Expenses for interpreters, guards, tfcc, in Turkish dominions. 3, 150 61 
 
 83?, 822 08 
 
 Excess of receipts over expenditni'ea 51,018 47 
 
 Included in the amount reported for consular salaries are $4,882.55 
 paid consular officers not citizens, covered by a separate appropriation 
 of $5,000.
 
 REPORT OF THK SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 273 
 OONStTLAR FEES. 
 
 The revised tariff, of fees which took effect in October, 1881, not only 
 changed the character of many fees from official to private, but mate- 
 rially reduced the charges for certain services. The fee for " acknowl- 
 edgments," for example, was cut down from $2.50 and 83 to $1 ; "au- 
 thenticating signatures" from $2 to $1 ; "orders and letters " from $2 
 to $1, and several shipping certificates from $2 to $1, while "landing 
 certiticates" were fixed at $2.50, uniformly, except on the liio Grande, 
 Mexico. Notwithstanding this vers- considerable decrease, the fees re- 
 ceived are 846,774.19 in excess of those for the year 1881, showing a 
 decided increase in the business transacted. 
 
 In this connection I desire to call attention to the table (Exhibit I), 
 indicating the sources from which official feei? were derived. The fol- 
 lowing arc the totals given: 
 
 VESSELS' FEES and CHARGES. 
 
 Shipping and discliarging crews $16,478 98 
 
 Toiinajjo dues 30, 181 94 
 
 Bills of health and clearances 25,161 24 
 
 Other fees 22,502 55 
 
 Extra wages 35, 561 47 
 
 $129,906 18 
 
 MISCELLAXEO US. 
 
 Invoices $722,412 91 
 
 Otherfees 73,102 93 
 
 795,515 84 
 
 Total 925,422 02 
 
 RECEIPTS AND IIS^VOICES. 
 
 A law passed in xVugust, 1856 (section 1213 Eevised Statutes, 1878) 
 makes it the duty of owners, agents, consignees, masters, and command- 
 ers of vessels to furnish copies of consular receipts for fees to collectors 
 of ports, who shall forward them, as well as statements of all certified 
 invoices, to the Secretary of the Treasury. During the past year an 
 effort has been made to comply with the provisions of this act, the plain 
 intention of it being to furnish evidence of the correctness of consular 
 returns of official fees and charges. The work which was entirely new 
 to this office, has been [)ro8ecuted under difliculties arising from incom- 
 plete returns and insufficient clerical force ; but it has progressed far 
 enough to indicate that the law, when i)roi)erly complied with, is suffi- 
 cient for the purpose intended. The additional clericjil force allowed 
 this office by the ajipropriation act of August 5, 1882, will enable the 
 work to be done ]»roinptly, the importance of which is too obvious to 
 require further remark. 
 
 RELIEF OF SEAJNrEN. 
 
 Thirteen hundred and eighty seamen were relieved during the year 
 at an average cost of about 822.50 each, and seven humlred and four 
 were sent to the United States on certificate payable at the Treasury 
 18 Ab
 
 274 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 at an additional cost ol" $12.50 cacb. The accounts adjusted (Exhibits 
 G and II) present tlie following totals : 
 
 Board and lodging $11,05') 56 
 
 Clothing (3,25:5 88 
 
 Passaige jiaid by coiisiila 4,416 96 
 
 Passage to tho United States paid at Treasury 8,79'J 00 
 
 Other expenses b, 85U 60 
 
 $39,985 20 
 
 Extra wagos and arrears 51,530 53 
 
 Amount refunded 18,149 31 
 
 33,381 2-2 
 
 Excess of relief over extra wages and arrears 6, 603 93 
 
 As extra wages and arrears are devoted to purposes of relief, the 
 actual outlay by the government is thus reduced to less than one-sixth 
 of the entire amount expended. In other words, of the $00,000 appro- 
 priated by Congress for the relief of destitute American seamen, less 
 than $7,000 have been used. 
 
 Although the relief afforded for 1882 is less than for many years, a^ 
 will be seen by reference to the tabulated statement below, I am of 
 opinion that the sum paid is considerably larger than it need be. Extend- 
 ing relief to seamen who are properly entitled to it is often attended with 
 much difficulty, and it is perhaps not surprising that in some instances 
 consular officers cannot discriminate between the deserving and unde- 
 serving. In a circular letter addressed them by this office in April 
 last, with the approval of the First Comptroller, mention was made of 
 the fact that in several cases the seamen relieved never served upon 
 the vessels reported, and that in one instance no such vessel sailed 
 under the American flag. It was also stated that seamen sent from 
 one consulate to another often received clothing at both places, the 
 second supply being given within a week after the first was received.- 
 Since the reception of this circular greater care seems to have been 
 exercised. 
 
 In this connection it is proper to add that consuls are often called 
 ujion to relieve unworthy persons whose demands they cannot refuse. 
 A careful study of the returns shows that about ten per centum of those 
 relieved are " deserters," many of whom are little better than tramps, 
 who seize upon every opportunity to desert their vessels and live at 
 the expense of the Government which they disgrace. Yet under exist- 
 ing regulations consular officers find it difficult to avoid aiding them. 
 The precedent seems long to have been established that an American 
 seaman icho is also an American citizen is entitled to relief, except only 
 when actually employed upon a foreign vessel. He may desert and 
 take employment upon a railroad, or conceal himself until his vessel 
 sails, and immediately thereafter return to the consulate and obtain' 
 relief. Several cases of tliis character have been reported during the 
 past year, the relief being given solely for the reason that the seamen 
 were citizens of the United States. 
 
 It would be a manifest hardship to withhold relief from " deserters", 
 in all cases, for men are frequently driven to desertion by unusual or 
 cruel treatment. But it would clearly be better for all parties in inter- 
 est if consular officers were authorized to relieve this class of seamen 
 only when it is satisfactorily ascertained tli,at the desertion is justifiable 
 regardless of the seaman''s citizenship. The course pursued at present
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 275 
 
 not ouly operates as an incitement to desertion, but compels the consul 
 to grant relief in cases manil'estly undeserving. 
 
 GROWTH OF CONSULAR BUSIIJOSSS. 
 
 The following- table not only affords basis for a comparison of con- 
 sular receipts and expenses for the past year with former years, but 
 indicates the rapid growth of consular business since the close of the 
 war. 
 
 Years. 
 
 I860 
 1SC7 
 ]8»>« 
 18(j9 
 1870 
 1871 
 lfc7:i 
 1873 
 1874 
 1^75 
 lH7fi 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 
 Fees 
 received. 
 
 $442, 477 5G 
 424, 009 17 
 435, 179 73 
 459, 722 43 
 534, 670 79 
 632, 258 22 
 706, 907 95 
 746, 594 89 
 715, 202 94 
 697, 988 49 
 651, 501 20 
 624, 265 99 
 635, 914 11 
 682, 901 18 
 826, 545 76 
 843, 066 36 
 889, 840 55 
 
 Salaries. 
 
 $.150, 
 382, 
 373, 
 383, 
 460, 
 484, 
 483, 
 
 . 548, 
 570, 
 549, 
 537, 
 518, 
 525, 
 551, 
 577, 
 601, 
 61C, 
 
 570 94 
 
 010 40 
 750 89 
 990 89 
 964 59 
 638 63 
 225 11 
 597 56 
 621 23 
 172 47 
 456 37 
 319 41 
 673 85 
 504 26 
 238 25 
 716 30 
 193 28 
 
 Eeliefof sea- 
 
 $183, 909 79 
 
 151,282 81 
 
 107, 536 30 
 
 79, 714 89 
 
 90, 078 61 
 
 71, 064 10 
 *232, 972 eO 
 
 72, 284 42 
 64, 640 72 
 54,287 13 
 
 73, 616 95 
 72, 449 12 
 70, 947 02 
 68, 250 01 
 .56,831 52 
 42, 510 67 
 39, 985 20 
 
 Contingent 
 cspeusea. 
 
 $114, 
 90, 
 W, 
 116, 
 124, 
 131, 
 119, 
 110, 
 113, 
 127, 
 104, 
 133, 
 
 225 11 
 
 626 21 
 935 46 
 273 41 
 067 94 
 735 :!5 
 988 73 
 490 86 
 979 25 
 059 30 
 866 79 
 470 86 
 
 Allowiinco 
 for clerks. 
 
 $32, 162 41 
 34,193 60 
 30, 518 90 
 39, 036 67 
 41, 525 81 
 54,261 15 
 54, 098 63 
 
 •Inclnsive of $157,472.60 expended on account of the destraction by ice of the whaling fleet in the 
 Arctic Ocean. 
 
 OTHER EXPENSES OF THE FOREIGN SERVICE. 
 
 Other accounts pertaining to the foreign service have been adjusted 
 as follows : 
 
 Relief of claimants for destruction of private armed brig G«neral Arm- 
 strong, act of April 20, 18d2 $39,886 31 
 
 Compensation and expenses of commission to China, 1860 and 1881 .,.. 36, 807 15 
 
 Tribunal of arbitration at Geneva 400 80 
 
 Joint commission for settlement of claims between the United States and 
 
 the French Republic 65,625 31 
 
 International Bimetallic Commission 52,515 11 
 
 Salary and expenses of United States American and British Claims Commi.s- 
 
 sion for 1872 5, 462 76 
 
 Salary and expenses of United States American and British Claims Com- 
 
 mi.ssion for lo73 12, 920 00 
 
 Salary and expenses of United States American and British Claims Com- 
 mission for 1874 5, 381 61 
 
 Briuffiny home criminals, for 1S81 TjGI 06 
 
 Brinp;iug home criminals, for 1882 H3S 12 
 
 International Bureau of Weifjlits and Measures, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879 14,061 10 
 
 International Bureau of Weif^hts and Measures for 1880 2,938 23 
 
 International Bureau of Weijihts and Measures for 18-'2 4, 4% 51 
 
 International Exhibition at Sidney and Melbourne for 1879 and 1880 26, 19J 95 
 
 Berlin Fishery Exhibition 8,741 53 
 
 Biii1dinn;s and fj;rounds for legation in China, 1876 2,000 00 
 
 Buildings and grounds for legation in Cliiua, lf^77 3,1100 00 
 
 Buildings and grounds for legation in Chiua, 1878 3, 000 00 
 
 Buildings and grounds for legation in China, 1879 3,000 00 
 
 Buildings and grou^ls for legation in China, 18H0 3,000 00 
 
 Buildings and grounds for legation in China, 18HI .'!. (KIO 00 
 
 Buihlings and grounds for h-gaticui in China, l8.'-'2 3,000 00 
 
 International Exposition at Paris tor 1^78 159,677 07 
 
 Rescuing Hhii»\vreck<'d American seamen, 1882 1:J0 18 
 
 Expenses of Cape Spaitel and Tangier light, 1882 285 00
 
 276 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Shipping aiuldiHcharging HCiitncn, for 1882 $4,169 60 
 
 Allowjinee to widows or heirs of <liph)niatic and consular oflicers who die 
 
 abroad, 1880.... 164 84 
 
 Allowance to widows or heirs of diplomatic and consular officers who die 
 
 abroad, 1882 1,671 99 
 
 Coutiugout expenses of foreign missions for 1B81 .'3,493 85 
 
 MORTON, ROSE & CO.'S ACCOUNTS. ; 
 
 During- llie year Messrs. IMorton, Rose & Co., bankers of the United 
 States at London, England, received $241,796.30 on account of consu- 
 lar fees, $12,048.05 on account of extra wages and other money of sea- 
 men. Their disbursements were as follows : 
 
 Salaries of ministers for fiscal year 1881 $'15, 313 42 
 
 Salaries of ministers for fiscal year 1882 139,903 67 
 
 Coutlngent expenses of foreign missions for fiscal year 1881 4,645 30 
 
 Contingent expenses of foreign missions for fiscal year 1882 29; .575 06 
 
 Salarie^s of secretaries of legation for fiscal year 1881 4, 528 67 
 
 Salaries of secretaries of legation for fiscal year 1882 26, 477 66 
 
 Salaries of consular service for fiscal year 1881» 2, 911 06 
 
 Salaries of consular service for fiscal year 1882 9, 989 36 
 
 Contingent expenses of consular sdrvice for fiscal year 1881 419 69 
 
 Contingent expenses of consular service for fiscal year 1882 2, 449 03 
 
 Books and maps for fiscal year 1882 1,000 00 
 
 Expenses, interpreters, guards, Ac, in Turkish dominions, 1881 125 00 
 
 Expenses, interpreters, guards, &.C., in Turkish dominions, 1882 125 00 
 
 Expenses of Cape Spartel light for fiscal year 1882 2-35 00 
 
 International exhibition at Sydney and Melbourne for 1879 and 1880 2,799 66 
 
 International Biiuetallic Commission 17,648 06 
 
 International Bureau of Weights and Measures, for fiscal year 1882 4, 496 49 
 
 International Silver Commission, for fiscal year 1879 973 30 
 
 Total 293,666 03 
 
 decedents' trust fund. 
 
 The following amounts were paid out of " estates of decedents, trust 
 fund," having- been previously covered into the Treasury: 
 
 Henry Willis, deceased seaman $80 00 
 
 Alice" Windsor, alias Evans, deceased citizen 139 87 
 
 W. E. Parker, deceased, seaman 63 68 
 
 Albert Kuhnert, deceased seaman 34 74 
 
 Jackson Haines, deceased citizen 151 83 
 
 William Hahn d'Amblay, deceased citizen 1, 500 00 
 
 1,970 12 
 INTERNAL REVENUE. 
 
 The cash deposited for the year (Exhibit K) amounted to $138,958,263..53, 
 exclusive of $7,537,712.90 derived from sales of adhesive stamps, and 
 $1,048.22 from other sources, the total expenditure being $5,313,327.57, 
 divided as folio vrs : 
 
 Collectors^ accounts (Exhibit L). 
 
 Salaries of collectors $1:19,512 08 
 
 Deputies and clerks 1,1-^4, -^27 25 
 
 Kent, fuel, and lights 54, :ff7 05 
 
 Stationary, &c 25, ('.35 05 
 
 Storekeepers 1, '^75, 1-20 75 
 
 Gauaers ..- 802,915 80 
 
 §4, 081, 917 98
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 277 
 
 Agcutii' ucconnis ("Exhibit N). 
 
 Salaries $78,852 00 
 
 Tiaiisportntion 1^> 0"-iB 52 
 
 SiibHistence 25,008 86 
 
 Other expeuKes 2, 554 87 
 
 Tnuisportation over Pacific railroads ^' ^l9 '^ 
 
 Stationeiy 1.1''^ 9-^ 
 
 Stamps, paper, and dies. . 
 
 Biirean of Engraving and Printing 418, 413 74 
 
 S. D. Warrwi &. Co (50,170 32 
 
 Treasiuv Department ti,<J48 12 
 
 John J.Crooke ^ 4.446 43 
 
 Incidental erpennes. 
 
 (Including detection of fraud, connting, and issuing stamps, Sec.) 
 
 Salary 92,300 66 
 
 Traveling expenses 12, 228 28 
 
 Expenses 14,666 81 
 
 Telegrams 1,432 41 
 
 Rent - r,,000 00 
 
 Expressage 7,559 37 
 
 Conusel tees and expenses 7, 405 15 
 
 Rewards ~.944 48 
 
 Other expenses. 
 
 Surveyors of distilleries 5,087 01 
 
 Salaries in office of the Commissioner of Internal Rev- 
 enue 253,047 00 
 
 Fees and expenses of gangers prior to July 1, 1881 43, 749 2iJ 
 
 Compensation of storekeepers prior to July 1, 1881 30,816 00 
 
 Accounts unadjusted 137,648 12 
 
 $122,846 43 
 
 489, 678 61 
 
 148,537 16 
 
 470, 347 33 
 
 Total 5,313,327 57 
 
 The accounts of tlio Commissioner of Internal Revenue for stamps 
 (Exhibit M) are as follows : 
 
 Distilled-spirit stamps $101,665,626 00 
 
 Special-tax stamps 12,931,860 00 
 
 Boer stamps 21,(368,462 68 
 
 Stamps for tobacco, sniili', and cigars 02,949,319 12 
 
 Stamped foil wrappers 317, 833 20 
 
 Stamped paper labels for tobacco '^'2?^ ^^ 
 
 Documentary and proprietary stamjis 9, 441, 738*38 
 
 Total 208,977,639 38 
 
 In the adjustment of accounts of 172 stamp ap:cnt8 the amount in- 
 volved \vas$o,l!)l,5SS.;31,iind of 025 claims for the redemption of stamps, 
 amoniifin^ to .Sai,!*!)!).,').'., tliore was discounted $1,107.9G, leavin<; an 
 amount actually ])aid of >*.').'>,S(H.57. 
 
 15y tlie last report the iSei-retary of the Treasury had on deposit to 
 liis credit on account of " lines, pemdties, and forfeitures," a balance of 
 $G2,9<)8.5o. 
 
 l)urin<,^the year deposits have been made to the amount of $235,954.08, 
 and disbursements made to the amount of .*M5,014.G9, leaving a balamce 
 to his credit January 1, 18S2, of §15.),S47.94. 
 
 An account has also been r»Midered by him on account of " offers in 
 com])romise" (si)ecial-dei)osit account ^o. 5) from January 1 to Deccm- 
 bor .'U, 1881, as follows: Balance per last report s?38,873.G7j amount de-
 
 278 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 posited {Inriiip: tlio year, $200,900.78; amount disbursed $170,041.10, 
 Teaviu.^' a balance oil deposit to his credit January 1, 1882, of $75,733.35. 
 This aecount remains unadjusted. 
 
 The Ibllowinft- sums were refunded: Taxes erroneously assessed and 
 collected, 880,311.50; drawbacks on merchandise exported, $43,001.49; 
 and moneys refunded under private act of Congress, $7,211.77. 
 
 The disbursements by George Waterhouse, chairman of the South 
 Carolina Free School Eund Commissioners, amounted to $1,490, 
 
 A. judgment of $18,711.11, rendered by the Court of Claims to reim- 
 burse disbursing clerk for moneys deposited in IMerchants' National 
 Bank, Washujgton, D. C, April 27, 1800, has also been adjusted. 
 
 DISBURSING clerks' ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Accounts rendered by Col. E. 0. Morgan, disbursing clerk of the 
 State Department, have been adjusted as follows: 
 
 Expenses under tlie neutrality act, 1881 $3,100 00 
 
 Expenses under tlie neutrality act, 1882 40 50 
 
 International Exliibitiou at Paris, 1878 , 118 50 
 
 Rescuing shipwrecked American seamen, 1880 50 00 
 
 Rescuing shipwrecked American seamen, 1881 295 47 
 
 Rescuing sbiinvrecked American seamen, 1882 1,708 93 
 
 Contingent expenses of foreign missions, 1880 2, G15 05 
 
 Contingent expenses of foreign missions, 1831 7 108 20 
 
 Contingent expenses of foreign missions, 1882 20, 425 43 
 
 Bringing home criminals, 1879 ' 32 00 
 
 Bringing home criminals, 1882 450 00 
 
 Contingent expenses of United States consulates, 1881 19,767 57 
 
 Contingent expenses of United States consulates, 1882 47,685 50 
 
 International Exhibition at Sydney and Melbourne, 1879 and 1880 20 00 
 
 Publicatiouof consular and otlier commercial reports, 1882 9,331 17 
 
 Publication of consular and other comineroial reports, 1881 3,799 96 
 
 Editing, publishing, and distributing Revised and Annual Statutes, 1882.. 3,919 67 
 
 Editing, publishing, and distributing Revised and Annual Statutes, 1881.- 145 71 
 
 Books and maps, 1832 1,949 32 
 
 Books and maps, 1881 176 96 
 
 Books and maps, 1879 105 45 
 
 Proof-reading and packing laws, 1882 1,257 00 
 
 Lithographing, 1882 842 65 
 
 Stationery ami furniture, 1882 3, 824 15 
 
 Stationery and furniture, 1881 952 62 
 
 Expenses of International Sanitar j" Congress 3, 521 95 
 
 Observance of the centennial anniversary of the surrender of Lord Corn- 
 
 wallis at Yorktowu, Va 19,814 76 
 
 Monument to mark the birthplace of George Washington 1, 500 00 
 
 That the above exhibit might be complete, it was necessary to include 
 the folloAving accounts already given in aggregating the expenses of the 
 diplomatic and consular service : 
 
 Contingent expenses of consulates, 1882 $47, 685 50 
 
 Contingent expenses of foreign mission, 1882 20, 425 43 
 
 Accounts rendered by Mr. Eichard Joseph, disbursing clerk of the 
 Department of the Interior, have been adjusted, as follows : 
 
 Contingent expenses, ofllce of Commissioner of Patents, 1882 $9,740 98 
 
 Contingent expenses, office of Commissioner of Patents, 1881 4^ 475 13 
 
 Photolitliographiug, office of Commissioner of Patents, 1882- .55,507 42 
 
 Photolithographing, othce of Commissioner of Patents, 1881 11,389 41 
 
 Copies of drawings, office of Couuuissioner of Patents, 1882 39,165 37 
 
 Copies of drawings, office of Commissioner of Patents, 1881 13, 127 10 
 
 Plates for Patent Office Offi.^a I Gazette, 1882 22,9i!0 50 
 
 Plates for Patent Otlice Oliiciul Gazette, 1381 5,226 65
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 279 
 
 Expenses for packing and distributing ofTicial documents, IBt*^ $1,491 21 
 
 Expenses for packing and distributing otlicial documents, Irt^il 3, Til 4(i 
 
 Expenses for packing and distributing ollicial documents, Id:^ 152 55 
 
 jScieutilic library, otiice of Commissioner of Patents, l!:^"'2 1,717 69 
 
 Scientific library, ottice of Commissioner of Patents, l>^ai , 3,922 09 
 
 Preservation of collections, Smithscmian Institution, 18&2 28,117 81 
 
 Preservation of collections, Smithsonian Institution, Iddl 20,491 12 
 
 Preservation of collections, Smithsouiau Inslitutiou (Armory Building), 
 
 1HS2 ., 2,480 % 
 
 Preservation of collections, Smithsouiau Institutiou (Armory Bnilding), 
 
 1881 614 l.'> 
 
 Furniture and lixtures. National Museum, 1882 34,380 94 
 
 Furniture and fixtures, National Museum, 1881 28,598 98 
 
 International exohanges, Smithsonian Institution, 1882 3,000 00 
 
 Classified abridgments of letters patent 8, 4ii8 15 
 
 Publishing the Biennial Register 1,947 35 
 
 Expenses of the Tenth Census 975,471 23 
 
 Expenses of the Tenth Census, printing and engraving, 1882 88, 348 60 
 
 Other accounts rendered by several disbursing agents of the Census 
 Office liave been adjusted, as follows: 
 
 Expenses of the Tenth Census $23,200 32 
 
 Expenses of the Eighth Census ItiO 07 
 
 Miscellaneous : 
 John S. Williams, for extra services in compiling the Biennial Register for 
 
 1879 200 00 
 
 Accounts rendered by Col. J. O. P. Burnside, disbursinij cleric of tbe 
 Post-Oflice Department, have been adinst«'(l, as follows: 
 
 Publication of Official Postal Guide, 1882 §23,000 00 
 
 Publication of Official Postal Guide, 1881 3,tKJ2 31 
 
 Stationery, 1882 8,998 61 
 
 Stationery, 1881 1,774 81 
 
 Carpets, 1882 4,951 8<") 
 
 Gas, 1882 4,856 41 
 
 Furniture, 1882 5,999 76 
 
 Hardware, 1882 1,391 45 
 
 Hardware, Idal 7:W 73 
 
 Fuel, 1882 4,338 30 
 
 Fuel, 1881 1,070 56 
 
 Painting, 18i^2 3, 999 84 
 
 plumbing and gas-lixtnres, 1882 3,999 50 
 
 Keeping hoi-ses and n-jjair of wagons and harness, 1882 1, 197 0<J 
 
 Reut of house No. 915 E street, 1882 1,500 00 
 
 Directories, 1882 200 GO 
 
 Telegraphing. 1881 2, 7:W3 22 
 
 Miscellaneous items, 1881 547 72 
 
 The nceounts nudited aj-grog-ate 81,<»<>l>,-i;51,700.(;i, uliicli of itself 
 indicates tlie character of the business transacted as well as the large 
 amounts involved in its settlejuent. During the year 0,(»0<) accounts 
 were adjusted, 230,797 vouchers examined, .■-!,717 letters written, 8,115 
 reports recorded and copied, 2r),7{)0 coupon-books counted, and 25,8G7 
 books sdieduled. An examination of the accompanying tables, letteretl 
 from A to X and to which freciuent reference has been made, will fur- 
 ther convey ,som«; idea of the work ])erfbrmed by the clerks of this ofhce, 
 whose indiistry and ethcien(\v I take this o])portunity of commending. 
 1 have the honor to be, verv iesi)ectrullv, vour obe«lient servant, 
 
 D. 8. ALEXANDER, 
 Auditor. 
 Hon. Charles J. Fotjoer, 
 
 Sea'etary of the Tnasvry.
 
 280 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 REPOKT Ol"^ THE SIXTH AUDITOK OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Office of Tim Auditor of the Treasury 
 
 For the Post-Office Department, 
 Washington, U. C, November C, 1882. 
 Sir: 1 have the honor .to submit the report of the business opera- 
 tions of this office for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 My annual report to the Postm'Uster-Geiieral exhibits in detail the 
 financial trausa€tions of the Post Office Department during- the last 
 
 fiscal year. 
 
 ******* 
 
 The increase in the business of this office diirinj,^ the past year has 
 been very great, not only by the addition of new post-offices, but by the 
 growth in the business of those already existing, and in both the postal 
 and money order branches. There has also been a great increase in 
 the number of new mail-routes, and of changes in old routes, owing to 
 our extended railroad system. This rapid growth and increase of busi- 
 ness has brought with it augmented revenues, which has not only made 
 the post-office system self-sustaining, but has carried more than a mill- 
 ion and a half dollars into the Treasury the past year, instead of taking 
 millions out, as heretofore. The present year will greatly swell this net " 
 surplus to be carried into the Treasury. 
 
 This increase of business, with the added work from the removals and 
 change of quarters during the year has kept the office short-handed, 
 notwithstanding the addition to the clerical force last year^ and the 
 faithful and diligent labors of the clerks, a large portion of whom have 
 worked more than the established office hours to keep up their work, 
 and more than justifies the required increase of force for the coming 
 year. 
 
 In closing this report, I desire to call your attention to the tenure by 
 which the Sixth Auditor's Office occupies rooms in the post-office build- 
 ing, and the building rented for money-order business. Since the erec- 
 tion of the Post-Office Building it has been jointly occupied by the Post- 
 Office Department and the Sixth Auditor's Office ; and no law, so far 
 as I am aware, gives control of the building to either party. When 
 Congress was asked, in 1863, to put the control of the building in the 
 hands of the Postmaster-General, it refused or neglected to do so. The 
 question of control now arises from the incapacity of the building to 
 afford room for the ti^nsaction of post-office business and the auditing 
 of post-office accounts. The number of employes occupying these build- 
 ings is in the proportion of six and a third to the Treasury Department, 
 and ten to the Post-Office Department. When the money-order busi- 
 ness was removed from the Post-Ofifice Building, by order of the Post- 
 master-General, to the new quarters rented for its use, twelve rooms on 
 the first floor of the Post-Office Building, which were still occupied by 
 Treasury clerks (as they had been for twenty or more years), were de- 
 sired by the Post-Office Department, and the Sixth Auditor was ordered 
 by the Postmaster-General to vacate these rooms and go to others upon 
 the third floor. He protested against the removal on account of the 
 great inconvenience it would occasion for the transaction of the busi- 
 ness of his office, and besides suggested the inequitable assignment 
 which had been made, and the absence of any law which authorized 
 one Department of the Government to remove at its pleasure the em- 
 ployes of another Department from quarters which had been occupied 
 by them from the erection of the Post-Office Building, or changed by 
 joint consent, all of which was unheeded.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 281 
 
 It is mauilestly riglit -and proper that the Post-Office Department 
 Khould have all the room Mhich it needs for the perfornmnce of its busi- 
 ness and the fall custody and control of it ; and it has no more than it 
 needs. It is also equally right and proper if a bureau of the Treasury 
 Department is to occupy a part of the Post-Ottice Building- that it should 
 have some rights to the space occupied, and not be subject to removal 
 at the jjleasure of another I)ei)artmeut, or dependent upon it for its sup- 
 plies and repairs. The employes of the Treasury Department still re- 
 maining in the Post-Ollice liuilding are two-iifths as many as are em- 
 ployed by the Post-Office Dci)artment. In the new Upiidiug rented for 
 money-order business nearly three-fourths of the employes belong to the 
 Treasury Department, yet it is claimed that they are dependent upon 
 the Post-Office Department for their quarters, sui)j)lies, and repairs. 
 
 For these reasons I suggest that the tenure by which this bureau of 
 the Treasury Department holds its quarters be established by law. 
 I am, sir, verv respectfully, 
 
 J. H. ELA, 
 
 Auditor, 
 
 Hon. C. J. FOLGEE, 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 REPOET OF THE TREASURER OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Treasury of the United States, 
 
 Washington, D. C, NovemJjer 1, 1882. 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit a report showing the operations of 
 the Treasurv of the United States for the fiscal year 1882, and its con- 
 dition on June 30, 1882. 
 
 SU:\UVIARY OF OPERATIONS. 
 
 The receipts of the government show an increase over those of 1881 
 of $22,251,054.23 in the revenue from customs; 811,233,209.94 from in- 
 ternal revenue; 82,551,277.20 from sales of public lands, and $6,707,- 
 410.34 from miscellaneous sources, making a total increase in the net 
 revenue of $42,742,957.71. The total net revenue was 8403,525,250.28. 
 The net expenditures decreased from 8200,712,887.59 to $257,981,440.20, 
 a reduction of 82,731,447.39, which, added to the increase in rectipts, 
 makes an increase of 845,474,405.10 in the surplus revenues applicable 
 to the reduction of the ])ublic debt. The exi)enditures on account of 
 interest on the public debt show a reduction of $11,431,534.39, from 
 $82,508,741.18, in 1881, to 871,077,200.79, in 1882. The excess of rev- 
 enues over ex])enditnres was 8145,543,810.08, and the amount applied 
 to the reduction of the debt $10(1,281,505.55. 
 
 Tiie amount standing on the books of the Treasury to the credit of 
 disbursing officers of the United States at the close of the fiscal year 
 was $30,007,872.48. 
 
 The receii)ts for the fiscal year on account of the Poat-Oflice Depart- 
 ment were $41,308,002.30, and the ex])enditures 839,205,299.43. Of these 
 amounts $20,211,991.78, or about one-half, was received and expended 
 directly by ])ostmasters, without being deposited in the Treasury. 
 
 The unavadable funds of the Treasury decreased from 829,521, <»;32,72 
 to $29,517,275.32 by reason of the collection of $4,357.40 of the 88,750.31 
 heretofore reported as unavailable in the sub-ti"easiirv in New York on
 
 '282 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 accomit of coniitcrroit 7.30 notes redeemed in 18G7. Tlie unavailable 
 funds of tlie PostOnice Deparlnienfc remain uiicliani^ed at $40,078.00. 
 
 The amount eollected fi-om national l)ajdis f)n account of nemi -annual 
 duty a(',(',r(iiii.j;' on their ca[)ital, (lirculation, and deposits durinj]^ the year 
 was $i>,ir)0,(>84.35. The total amount collected on this account since 
 the bej;inninji^ of the national bankinfij system is $1.18,005,700.25. 
 
 There were in the custody of this otHce at the close of the tiscal year 
 $.'}70,Oi7,700in United States bonds held in trust for national banks, of 
 which $;iOO,71il2,700 were held as security for circulation and $15,925,000 
 to secure de])osits of public money Avith national-bank: depositaries. 
 During- the year $129,474,400 in bonds were deposited for these pur- 
 poses and $128,028,100 withdrawn. 
 
 The amount of United States currency outstanding' at the close of 
 the year was $362,404,582.10. There was redeemed during the year 
 $105,773,700.05 in United States cuiTcucy, silver certihcates, and notes 
 of failed, liquidating, and reducing national banks, making the total 
 redemptions since the first issue of currency $2,405,914,779.41. 
 
 The issues of silver certificates during the year %vere $24,300,000 and 
 the redemptions $20,133,290, leaving the amount nominally outstanding 
 at the close of the j^ear $60,090,710. 
 
 There were paid during the j^ear at the various offices of the Treasury 
 and forwarded to the Treasurer's office for examination coupons from 
 United States bonds amounting to $11,088,609.02, and there were issued 
 by the Treasurer 321,623 checks on the Treasurer and assistant treas- 
 urers of the United States, amounting to $57,547,821.20, in payment of 
 interest on registered bonds. 
 
 There were also issued 32,550 drafts on warrants of the Secretary of 
 the Treasury, 38,853 drafts on warrants of the Postmaster-General, and 
 49,089 transfer checks on assistant treasurers, making a total of 
 442,115 drafts and checks issued from this office during the year. 
 
 United States bonds were redeemed during the year to the amount of 
 $166,204,450, of which $60,079,100 was applied to the sinking fund. 
 The total amount of bonds retired by purchase, redemption, conversion, 
 or exchange from March 11, 1869, to June 30, 1882, is $2,149,549,250. 
 
 National-bank notes amounting to $76,089,327 were redeemed during 
 the year, making the total redemptions of these notes, uuder^he act of 
 June 20, 1874, $1,175,735,322. 
 
 THE STATE OF THE TREASTJE.Y. 
 
 The following statement shows the condition of the Treasury at the 
 close of September in each of the last four years : 
 
 September 30, 
 1S79. 
 
 September 30, 
 1880. 
 
 Gold Coin $133, 
 
 Gold Bulliou i 3t), 
 
 Staudaril Silver Dollars 
 
 Practioiial Silver Coin 
 
 Silver Uiillion 
 
 Gold Certiticatis ., 
 
 Silver Uprtilieutes 
 
 United States Xotes 
 
 NatioiKiMiank Xutes 
 
 Nationair.auk Cold-Notes 
 
 Fractioual Ciirniicy 
 
 Deposits hold by Xational-Bauk De- 
 positaries 
 
 IMLuor Coin .., 
 
 530, 
 
 '290, 
 8Ufi, 
 873, 
 299, 
 70, 
 131, 
 7te, 
 'J79, 
 I8:t, 
 
 9(1, 
 
 ,830, 
 .024, 
 
 700 39 
 
 810 90 
 774 00 
 898 47 
 124 25 
 700 00 
 130 00 
 728 01 
 958 76 
 (i40 00 
 978 15 
 
 81C 48 
 700 57 
 
 $08, 808, 091 
 094 
 744 
 892 
 392 
 600 
 579 
 594 
 404 
 125 
 
 ri2 
 
 784,'; 
 
 723, ( 
 154,; 
 
 31, 
 092,: 
 901, i 
 288, 
 220,: 
 
 CO," 
 
 $77. 
 97, 
 Go, 
 20, 
 
 11,212,315 94 
 1, 063, CC5 22 
 
 338, 083 71 
 
 45.3, 477 70 
 
 949, 279 00 
 
 343, 477 17 
 
 622, 676 18 
 
 10, 100 00 
 
 309,470 00 
 
 422, 169 89 
 
 457, 713 59 
 
 98, .545 00 
 
 22,973 03 
 
 12, 677, 454 48 
 55k.', 585 06 
 
 $102, 212. 334 49 
 
 50, fc:}5, 029 63 
 
 92, 025, 350 00 
 
 27, 429, 246 56 
 
 3,641,589 37 
 
 8, 243, 830 00 
 
 32, 918, 255 77 
 
 6, 810, 338 08 
 
 480 00 
 
 8, 459 52 
 
 12, 848. 870 74 
 504, 515 29
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 283 
 
 Kew York and San Fraucinco Ex- 
 change 
 
 One and Two Tear Xotes, &c 
 
 Kfdei-nnd Ceititii-alcs of Deposit 
 (Act of Juno 8, 1872) 
 
 Quai-tirly Interest Checks and Coin 
 Coupons ))aid 
 
 Refiiitiered and Unclaimed Interest 
 paid 
 
 "Duited States Bonds and Interest ... 
 
 Interest on District of Columbia 
 Bonds 
 
 Refunding Certificates and Interest.. 
 
 Paciflc Kiiilroa<ls, Sinking Fund 
 
 Speaker's Certiiicatea 
 
 Deficits, unavailable Funds 
 
 Total . 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Post-Office Department Account 
 
 Disbursing OHieers' 1' l.iuoea 
 
 Fund for redcniption of ^.'otes of Xa- 
 tional lianks tailed, in liquidation, 
 and reduciu'; circulation 
 
 Uudistributcil Assets of failed X.i- 
 tional Banks 
 
 Five per cent. Fund for Redemption 
 of NatioiiaM5auk Notes 
 
 Fund for Kediuiption of National- 
 Bank Gul.l-Kotes 
 
 Currency and Minor-Coin Redemp- 
 tion A ccouut 
 
 Fraction:.! Silver-Coin Redemption 
 ANjcount 
 
 Interest Account 
 
 Intfrest Account, Pacific Railroads 
 and Louisville and Portland Canal 
 Company 
 
 Treasurer' United States, Agent for 
 paying Interest on District of Co- 
 lumbia Bonds '. 
 
 Trea.-^nrer's Transfer Checks and 
 Drafts outstanding 
 
 Treasurer's Gener.il Aoeonnt: 
 
 Interest (]ut} and unpaid 
 
 ifaturcd Bunds and luteiest 
 
 Called Bonds and Interest 
 
 Old Debt 
 
 Gold Certilieatcs 
 
 Silver Certilieatcs 
 
 Cert i ti <-ates of Deposit ( A ct of June 
 
 8,1872) 
 
 Balance, including Bullion Fund . . 
 
 Total , 
 
 September 30, 
 1879. 
 
 $1, 709, 334 61 
 4U0 40 
 
 2, 025, 000 00 
 
 180, 579 78 
 
 22, 355 00 
 507 64 
 
 516 97 
 24. 119 74 
 45, 312 75 
 
 COO, 848 30 
 
 September 30, 
 
 1880. 
 
 September 30, 
 1881. 
 
 $1, 443, 000 00 
 325 50 
 
 90, 000 00 
 
 141, 517 91 
 
 10,303 50 
 997, 343 81 
 
 3, 047 12 
 
 126,315 00 
 C90, 848 30 
 
 , 483, 000 00 
 10 50 
 
 210, 000 00 
 
 193,452 68 
 
 900 00 
 , 016, 870 70 
 
 1, 770 25 
 
 116,916 00 
 70O, 274 17 
 
 Septenilu r 30, 
 lt>82. 
 
 , 300, 000 00 
 1, 127 .52 
 
 240, 000 00 
 
 16C, 361 31 
 
 2,610 00 
 ,527,2:M 51 
 
 2,002 83 
 
 138.841 00 
 695, 910 77 
 
 303, 485, 995 07 267, 670, Ol'i 40 | 331, 981, 210 11 316, 552, 990 39 
 
 $2, 167, 991 50 I $2, 600, 489 16 
 26, 007, 876 95 j 22, 189, 236 49 
 
 12, 939, 889 75 
 642, 314 33 
 
 15, 082, 482 99 
 
 219, 940 00 
 
 4,213 15 
 
 152, 664 10 
 101, 514 75 
 
 6, 270 00 
 
 298, 435 54 
 7, 632, 333 98 
 4, 189, 523 27 
 
 Sl.O.T!, 519 65 
 
 K4U, (108 41 
 
 14, 910, HdO 00 
 
 4, 571, 850 00 
 
 19, 746, 955 25 
 C16, 560 21 
 
 15, 428, 010 82 
 
 475, 965 00 
 
 3, 075 60 
 
 74, 081 75 
 99, 585 00 
 
 8, 400 00 
 
 366, 532 59 
 4, 216, 845 94 
 2 401, 809 92 
 
 $3, 617, 7.03 79 
 21, 916, 110 81 
 
 31, 152, 713 60 
 
 399, 835 68 
 
 15, 7C8, 662 75 
 
 394, 847 00 
 
 7, 176 11 
 
 75, 320 70 
 
 5, 959, 436 43 
 
 816, 585 07 
 
 7,511,700 00 
 
 18, 521, 960 00 
 
 31, 335, 000 00 I 9, 975, 000 00 
 151,348,000 70 I l.".«, 004, 083 17 
 
 4, 930 00 
 
 253, 795 34 
 
 5,475,492 11 
 
 2,151,139 93 
 
 3, 004, 205 94 
 
 17,8:12,841 34 
 
 796,488 28 
 
 5, 248, 920 00 
 
 64, 149, 910 00 
 
 8, 305, 000 00 
 151,336,110 73 
 
 ^0, 157, 625 .54 
 J7, 756, 493 83 
 
 38, 507, 029 10 
 
 867, 276 57 
 
 15, 085, 182 67 
 
 344, 729 00 
 
 4,118 05 
 
 03, 910 45 
 
 6, 080 00 
 
 244, 671 50 
 
 8, 337, 984 52 
 
 1, 537, 684 01 
 
 793. 690 50 
 
 14,887.218 49 
 
 793. 740 37 
 
 4, 907 440 00 
 
 71, 509, 210 1)0 
 
 10. 725. 000 00 
 143. 904. 8tf3 79 
 
 303, 485, 995 07 207, CTG, 912 40 331, 981, 210 U j 340, 552. 9ao 39 
 
 The most iiotowortby cliaiig'e in the hist year is tlie decre.ise of tbo 
 gold coin and bullion, held by the Treiisury, liom $17G,791,r>t;{;.41 to 
 $153,047,904.12, and the increase of the standard silver dollars from 
 $G5,949,27<) to $92,025,350; a decrease in the gold of $23,743,002.29, and 
 an increase in the silver dollars of $2(5,070,071. Deducting the amount 
 held f(tr the re<UMii]>tion of gohl certilicates, the gold belonging to the 
 government in 1 he 'J'lVHHury on the 30th of Sei>tember was $154,987,371.29 
 in 1879; $128,100,0S5.77 in 1880: $109,.552,740.41 in 1881, and $148,- 
 140,524.12 in 1882. 2^'ot\vithslanding the dcerea.se iu the last year, the 
 gold owned by the government is in'arly $20,000,000 more than two 
 years ago, the amount held la.'^t year having been swelled by the deposit 
 of gold coin for e.xchange on the West and South. 
 
 Deducting in like manner the silver certificates actually outstanding, 
 the standard silver dollars owned by the government were $30,360,054
 
 284 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 oil S(']»teinbe.r;50, 1879; $35,355,303 on the same date in 1880; $13,108,831) 
 in 188], and $28,090,070 in 1882. 
 
 Tlic fund for the redemption of notes of national banks wliieh have 
 fiiilod, <;one into voluntary liquidation, or made deposits of lawful 
 nioncv for the reduction of their eireulation, increased during the year 
 frojii '$31,152^713.00 to $38,507,029.10; the silver cei'tificates Jictually 
 outstanding", after di^ducting the amount held by the Treasury, from 
 $52,840,440 to $03,325,380; the United States notes on hand, from 
 $28,422,170 to $32,918,250, and the fractional silver coin held, from 
 $20,343,477.17 to $27,429,240.50. The aggregate amount of gold and 
 silver coin and bullion held by the Treasury increased from $209,700,- 
 998.70 in 1881 to $270,144,150.05 in 1882. The amount now held is 
 $53,330,782.04 greater than that held in 1879, and $01,840,934.07 greater 
 than in 1880. The gross assets of the Treasury increased during the 
 year from $331,981,210.11 to $340,552,990.39, although the balance re- 
 maining after deducting the moneys held for the redemption of gold, 
 silver and currency certificates, and for the payment of matured debt and 
 interest, and the amount to the credit of special or trust funds, ran down 
 from $151,330,110.73 to $143,904,893.79. 
 
 THE RESERVE. 
 
 The following statement shows the excess of the cash assets of the 
 government over its net demand liabilities on the first day of No- 
 vember: 
 
 ASSETS. 
 
 Gold Coin $108,888,963 44 
 
 GoldBullion 50,916,780 10 
 
 Standard Silver Dollars 92,414,977 00 
 
 Fractional Silver Coin 26,749,432 45 
 
 Silver Bullidn 4,012,503 27 
 
 Deposits with National Bank Depositaries 8,738,523 16 
 
 United States Notes 29.689,196 17 
 
 National Bank Notes 6,370,051 58 
 
 Total assets $327,780,427 17 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Old Debt $792,012 27 
 
 Called Bonds matni-ed, and interest 9,661,510 16 
 
 Matured Bonds and interest 786, 524 00 
 
 Interest due and not paid t 5,255, 170 24 
 
 Gold Certificates outstanding 11,370,270 00 
 
 Silver Certificates outstanding 65, 620, 450 00 
 
 Certificates of Deposit (Act of June 8, 1872), out- 
 standing , 9,835,000 00 
 
 Disbursing Officers' Balances and various small 
 
 accounts 24,203,117 05 
 
 Outstanding Drafts and Checks 5, 635, 232 31 
 
 Five per cent. Fund for Redemption of National 
 
 Bank Notes 14,471,298 01 
 
 Fund for Redemption of Notes of National Banks 
 
 failed, in liquidation, and reducing circulation ... 38, 169,253 10 
 
 Post-Olfice Department Account 6, 823, 901 04 
 
 Total Liabilities 192,628,738 18 
 
 Reserve — Excess of Assets 135, 151,688 99 
 
 The above liabilities are the net liabilities after deducting the re- 
 deemed or unissued obligations of the various classes held by the 
 Treasury. 
 
 The reserve is computed by deducting fi-om the cash in the Treasury 
 the aggregate of the current liabilities other than United States notes. 
 The remainder of $135,151,088.99 is considered to be the reserve avail-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 285 
 
 able for the ledeiiiplioii of United States notes. In other words, if all 
 of the liabilities of the governiuent payable on demand should be at once 
 discharged, if the entire amount advanced from the Treasury and placed 
 to the credit of disbursing ollicers of the government should be dniM'u 
 out, if the funds deposited for the redemption of national bank notes 
 should be immediately called for, and if that portion of the iinblic funds 
 held for the Post Oflice I)e])artment should be set aside, there would 
 still remain $135,151,088.90 in cash to meet any demand for the redemp- 
 tion of United States notes. The reserve has ai)[)arently run down 
 $11,291,802.78 since October 1, 1881. This reduction is accounted for 
 by the fact that by diiectiou of the Secretary payment has been antici- 
 pated on $12,003,714.72 in called bonds, not j'et matured. 
 
 The following statement shows the percentage of reserve when com- 
 puted on tJiis plan, and what the percentage would be if suflicient funds 
 were set aside for the payment in full of the gold, silver, and currency 
 certificates, and the remainder of the cash were considered as aj>ro raia 
 reserve against all of the other demand liabilities of the government: 
 
 Month. 
 
 1881. 
 
 November. 
 Deceinbor . 
 
 1882. 
 
 Jaunarv 
 
 FoViniary 
 
 Maicli 
 
 Aj)ril 
 
 Miiy 
 
 Jiiiit* 
 
 .luty 
 
 August 
 
 Sopteniher .. 
 
 October 
 
 Jioveiiiber. .. 
 
 Averajic for forty-seven 
 niouthH 
 
 Current liabili- Cmrent liabili- 
 
 tieH exclmliu; 
 rnittci States 
 notes and coin 
 and currency 
 certilicates. 
 
 ties e.vcludiug Cash lesslamount 
 
 §^' 
 
 eertiticatesaiid 
 including Uni- 
 ted States 
 note.s, viz: 
 $346,681,016. 
 
 of coin and cur- 
 rency certifi- 
 cates. 
 
 $06, 016, 066 43 $442, 697, 082 43 $236, 823. 801 82 
 94, r,iS, 346 40 ; 441, 419, 362 40 j 2-tl, 230, 90d 55 
 
 90, 284, 
 
 94, OSl, 
 94, 999, 
 9(1, UJ2, 
 
 95, 034, 
 ins, .'■luD, 
 124, 45:!, 
 
 i':'«,2o;!, 
 
 111,4a 
 IK, 253. 
 105,803, 
 
 466 33 
 460 46 
 102 39 
 541 72 
 460 98 
 .527 05 
 31 a 38 
 031 56 
 140 42 
 484 -^2 
 018 18 
 
 44.5, 96,5, 
 
 440, 762, 
 441,fi.';o, 
 442, 873, 
 
 441, 715, 
 455,231, 
 471,131, 
 472,944, 
 458, 166, 
 4(i2. 934, 
 452, 484, 
 
 482 33 
 47fi 46 
 118 39 
 557 72 
 485 98 
 543 65 
 335 2» 
 047 56 
 1.56 4J 
 .500 22 
 034 18 
 
 05, 026, 093 46 441, 708, 000 46 
 
 $235, 
 233, 
 24ti, 
 242, 
 235, 
 24(), 
 242, 
 24'!, 
 249, 
 :::4.5, 
 240, 
 
 686, 783 59 
 937, 107 01 
 766, 777 48 
 221,436 12 
 9hH, 103 85 
 ,546, 604 93 
 S-3,241 13 
 469, 274 17 
 7^3, 865 65 
 352, 888 80 
 954,707 17 
 
 it 
 
 
 If 
 
 m c i; 
 .2 a a 
 
 
 40.6 
 42.2 
 
 39.3 
 40.3 
 43.8 
 42.1 
 40.7 
 39.8 
 34.3 
 .34.7 
 39. 9 
 37. 2 
 39.0 
 
 
 sa 
 
 230, 358, 016 54 
 
 30.0 
 
 .53.5 
 54.6 
 
 53. 1 
 55.9 
 54.7 
 53.4 
 54.1 
 51. 5 
 .52.1 
 54.5 
 53.0 
 53.3 
 
 On the first as.'^umpt.ion tlie reserve for the redemption of United 
 States notes has ranged during the last thirteen nu)ntlis from 34.2 to 
 4.3.8 per cent., and the monthly average since the resumjitiou of specie 
 payments has been 39 percent. On the second assumption the nitio 
 of the n'.serve to the liabilities has varied <luring the thiiteen months 
 from 51,5 to 55.9 per cent., and has averaged since resumption 52.1 per 
 cent. Were the 40 per cent, reserve, which it is deeme<l necessary to 
 maintain, computed on the latter basis, the amount now held would bo 
 $59.90 1,093..")0 in excess of the required amount.
 
 286 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 UNITED STATES NOTES. 
 
 The followinj^ strttemont shows the changes whicli liave taken place 
 in the denominations of United States notes outstanding at the close 
 of each of the last four fiscal years : 
 
 Denomination. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 188L 
 
 1882. 
 
 One dollar 
 
 Two dollars 
 
 Tive dollars 
 
 Ton dollars 
 
 Twenty dollars 
 
 P'ifty dollars 
 
 Onehimdred dollars . . . 
 Five liuudred dollars .. 
 One thoueaiid dolLira .. 
 Five thousand dollars.. 
 Ton thousand dollars .. 
 
 Total 
 
 Less luikuown denominations de- 
 stroyed in sulj-treasury in Chicago 
 lire 
 
 Out-standing . 
 
 $18,209, 
 18,092, 
 54, 107, 
 64, t;:!K, 
 60, 470, 
 25, .52:1, 
 32, 038, 
 32, 500, 
 35, 070, 
 4, 000, 
 2, 9G0, 
 
 980 80 
 653 20 
 113 00 
 502 00 
 
 8K7 00 
 340 00 
 480 00 
 .'■)00 00 
 500 00 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 
 $20, 332, 
 20, 352, 
 65, 432, 
 74, 916, 
 72, 143, 
 24, 808, 
 32, 797, 
 19, 221, 
 16, 532, 
 680, 
 400, 
 
 332 00 
 813 00 
 548 00 
 751 00 
 
 207 00 
 995 00 
 870 00 
 COO 00 
 50U 00 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 
 $22, 645, 
 22, 244, 
 60, 569, 
 76, 990, 
 72, 271, 
 23, 702, 
 32, 947, 
 14, 570, 
 12, 024, 
 455, 
 2(50, 
 
 761 60 
 122 40 
 078 00 
 387 00 
 597 00 
 910 00 
 060 00 
 000 00 
 500 00 
 000 00 
 000 00 
 
 l!25, 720, 
 24, 022, 
 07, .342, 
 72, 784, 
 68, 657, 
 24, 191, 
 34, 469, 
 14, 876, 
 12, 335, 
 420, 
 2, 260, 
 
 9.53 60 
 625 40 
 540 00 
 7fi0 00 
 471 00 
 770 00 
 390 00 
 000 00 
 500 00 
 ODO 00 
 000 00 
 
 347, 081, 016 00 
 
 1, 000, 000 00 
 
 346, 681, 016 00 
 
 347, 681, 016 00 
 
 1, 000, 000 00 
 
 347,681,016 00 
 
 1, 000, 000 00 
 
 347, C81, 010 00 
 
 1, 000, 000 00 
 
 346, 681, 016 00 
 
 346, 681, 016 00 
 
 346, 681, 016 00 
 
 During the year there was an increase of $3,075,192 in the one-dollar 
 notes outstanding; $2,378,503 in two-dollar notes; $488,800 in fifty- 
 dollar notes ; $1,521,730 in one-hundred-dollar notes ; $300,000 in five- 
 hundred-dollar notes; $311,000 in one-thousand-dollar notes, and 
 $2,000,000 in ten-thousand-dollar notes; and a decrease of $2,226,538 
 in five-dollar notes ; $4,205,621 in ten-dollar fiotes; $3,614,126 in twenty- 
 dollar notes, and $35,000 in five-thousand-dollar notes. 
 
 The number of notes outstanding at the close of the fiscal year was 
 63,083,047 as against 59,839,069 outstanding on June 30, 1881. The 
 amount of ones and twos outstanding has increased $14,040,945 in three 
 years. 
 
 The issues and redemptions during the last three fiscal years have 
 been as follows : 
 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881.- 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 Issued. 
 
 Redeemed. 
 
 Issued. 
 
 Eedeemed. 
 
 Issued. 
 
 Eedeemed. 
 
 
 $9, 057, 863 
 8, 232, 000 
 19, 680, 000 
 
 16, 520, 000 
 
 17, 360, 000 
 1, 400, 000 
 3, 052, 700 
 2, 300, 000 
 
 700, 000 
 
 1, 000, 000 
 
 2, 000, 000 
 
 $6, 935, 511 80 
 
 5, 971, 840 20 
 8, 354, 565 00 
 
 6, 241, 811 00 
 5, 687, 680 00 
 2, 114, 345 00 
 2, 293, 310 00 
 
 15, 645, 500 00 
 19, 238, 000 00 
 4, 320, 000 00 
 4, 500, 000 00 
 
 $9, 889, 034 
 
 $7. 575. 604 40 
 
 1 
 $11, 445, 524 $8. 370, 332 00 
 
 Two dollars 
 
 8, 752, 000 1 0, 860, 690 60 
 14, 760, 000 llO. 6-23. 470 00 
 
 10, 472, 000 
 14, 280, 000 
 6, 680, 000 
 5, 680, 000 
 3, 200, 000 
 4, 527, 900 
 1, 750, 000 
 1, 500, 000 
 4. 995. 000 
 
 8, 093, 497 00 
 16,506,538 00 
 
 
 9,160,000 
 6, 240, 000 
 1, 200, 000 
 2, 944, 300 
 700, 000 
 900, 000 
 
 7, 086, 364 00 
 6,111,610 00 
 2, 306, 085 00 
 2,704,510 00 
 5, 354, 000 00 
 5, 408, 000 00 
 225, 000 00 
 
 10, 885, 621 00 
 
 Twenty dollars 
 
 Fifty dollars 
 
 Onehimdred dollars ... 
 Five hundred dollars .. 
 One thou.sand dollars .. 
 rive thousand dollars.. 
 Ten thousand dollars . . 
 
 9, 294, 126 00 
 2,711,140 00 
 3, 006, 170 00 
 1,444,000 00 
 1,189,000 00 
 5. 030. 000 00 
 
 
 200, 000 00 14, 990, 000 |l2. 990, 000 00 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 81, 302, 563 
 
 81, 302, 563 00 
 
 54, 545, 334 ^5^1, 545, 334 00 i 79, 520, 424 79, 520, 424 00 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 Under the provision for the payment of the express charges on worn 
 and mutdated United States notes, the redemptions have much increased, 
 the amount redeemed during the fiscal year being $79,520,424 as against 
 $54,545,334 redeemed in 1881. The number of notes redeemed increased 
 from 14,235,106 to 17,362,320. The notes of the denominations of $5,000 
 and $10,000 reported as issued and redeemed during the year had been
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETAKV OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 287 
 
 held in the reserve liuid of unissued notes, and were passed through the 
 accounts in order that they nuj^ht be destroyed. 
 
 The amount of United States notes received iu payment of duties on 
 imports duriiij;- tlie year just ended is $24,0."i(),570 as against $H),07y,753 
 in the year ending October 31, liiSl. 1'he total amount so received 
 since the resumi)tiou of specie payments is 8180,053,030, an average of 
 $4,0-11,050 a month. 
 
 The monthly receii)ts since January 1, 1879, have been as follows: 
 
 Montli. 
 
 1880. 
 
 January 
 
 J-Vliruaiy 
 
 March 
 
 April # 
 
 Jlay 
 
 Jiiue , 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 Sept omhcr 
 
 October 
 
 ■Novpm ber 
 
 December 
 
 $<;, 864, 
 9, 340, 
 11,919, 
 10, 56-', 
 
 9, 7o;i, 
 
 9, XiC), 
 10, 5f<8, 
 11,261, 
 12, 50G, 
 
 9, 2K1, 
 
 4, 61'.'. 
 
 3, 051, 
 
 120, 450 
 477, 101 
 702, 727 
 231,697 
 888, 138 
 951, 5HS 
 029, 892 
 844, 658 
 241, 305 
 802, 28S 
 567, 184 
 405, 984 
 
 1881. 
 
 $1, 6o9, 
 2, 049, 
 1, 830, 
 1,310, 
 1, 402, 
 3,479, 
 1,641, 
 1, 873, 
 1,476, 
 1, 353, 
 l,3Al. 
 1, 145, 
 
 1882. 
 
 779, 3.3B 
 
 886, .".85 
 931, 273 
 032, .592 
 089, 339 
 045, 150 
 619,015 
 732, 499 
 599, 294 
 448, 314 
 
 CLEARING-HOUSE TRANSACTIONS. 
 
 The transactions of the Treasury with the clearing-house in Is'ew York, 
 for the last thirteen months, are shown by the following statement : 
 
 Date. 
 
 I Checks sent to 
 I clearing-house. 
 
 Checks received 
 froiu cleariug- 
 house. 
 
 Balances duo as- 
 sistant treasurer. 
 
 Balances due 
 clearing-house. 
 
 October... 
 Noveiiilior 
 December. 
 
 1881. 
 
 January ... 
 February . . 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 fl IIIIO. ...... 
 
 July 
 
 August .... 
 September . 
 October 
 
 1882. 
 
 Total . 
 
 $10,518,934 57 
 10,003.041 31 
 10, 672, 260 43 
 
 $41,322,740 16 
 19,1,58,872 98 
 31, 855, 546 95 
 
 9, 120, 
 8, 823, 
 
 7, 791, 
 
 8, 207, 
 11,068, 
 11,42.5, 
 11, .587, 
 
 11, 989, 
 
 12, 521, 
 11,753, 
 
 253 39 
 267 09 
 364 59 
 533 89 
 685 62 
 8-J9 30 
 438 74 
 235 62 
 Oil 04 
 823 68 
 
 135, 482, 679 27 
 
 383,060,211 13 
 
 05, 283 56 
 
 61, 914 23 
 
 29, 549 90 
 496,712 66 
 
 51, 847 90 
 III, 659 85 
 146. 102 .53 
 623, 006 36 
 
 2, 120, 076 99 
 
 $30, 803, 805 59 
 
 9,761,115 23 
 
 21, 183, 286 52 
 
 22, 762, 573 42 
 7,-551,858 06 
 22, 912, 4i>4 43 
 25,178,708 31 
 13. 837, 976 26 
 19, 050, .552 5Q 
 21.16.5,419 54 
 18, 506, 781 55 
 18.361,163 11 
 18, 627, 904 24 
 
 249, 703, 608 85 
 
 The assistant treasurer received from the clearing-house checks for 
 payment amounting to $383,000,211.13 and 82,11*0,070.00 in cash in pay- 
 ment of balances in his favor, and sent to the clearing-house checks for 
 payment amcmnting to $135,482,070.27 and $2-10,703, ()0.S.85 in cash in 
 payment of balances against him, making the aggregate transactions 
 on each side $385,180,288.12. 
 
 STANDARD SILVER DOLLARS. 
 
 The amount of standard silver dollars coined from February 28, 1S78, 
 the date of the act requiring their coinage, to Octol)er 31, 1SS2, is 
 $128,329,S80,ofwhich$03,000,382remains in the Treasury and$35,323,408,
 
 288 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 or about 27^ percent., is in circulation. The proportion of the total coiii- 
 a^*c iu circulation ou September 30, 1881, was neaily 33 i)er cent. Of the 
 $30,007,175 coined during? the last thirteen months, §2,950,072 has gone 
 into circulation and $27,057,103 remains in the Treasury. During' seven 
 months of that period tlie dollars returned to the Treasury exceede«l in 
 amount those issued, the number in circulation running down from 
 34,050,123 on December 31, 1881, to 31,500,755 on July 31, 1.S82. 
 
 The following table gives the amount of silver dollars coined, on hand, 
 distributed, and outstanding to September 30 iu each year since the 
 coinage was resumed : 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual coin- 
 age. 
 
 Total coin- 
 
 *ige. 
 
 On liand at 
 cloaoofyear. 
 
 Not distribu- 
 tion (furing 
 year. 
 
 Outstanding 
 at clone of 
 year. 
 
 March to September 30, 1878. .. 
 
 To September 30, 1879 
 
 To September 30, 18S0 
 
 To Sei)U>ml)er 30, 1881 
 
 To Septciliber 30, 1882 
 
 $16, 212, 500 
 
 26, 421, 600 
 
 27, 934, 650 
 27, 753, 955 
 27, 707, 175 
 
 $16, 212, .500 
 42, 634, 100 
 70, 568, 7.50 
 98, 322, 705 
 
 126, «29, 880 
 
 $12, 155, 205 
 31,806,774 
 47, 784, 744 
 65, 949, 279 
 92, 468, 038 
 
 $4, 057, 295 
 6, 770, 031 
 
 11, 956, GHO 
 9, 589, 420 
 1, 188, 416 
 
 $4, 057, 295 
 10, 827, 320 
 22, 784, DOG 
 32,373,426 
 33, 561, 842 
 
 The coinage and distribution of silver dollars during each of the last 
 thirteen months are shown below : 
 
 Month. 
 
 Coined to the On hand at Xetdistribu- Outstandinfr 
 end of the close of tion duriug at close of 
 month. month. month. mouth. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Oetober 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 1882 
 
 Junuarv 
 
 February 
 
 IM.'irch 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 .June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 $2,350,000 
 2, 30(1, (HiO 
 2, 408, 275 
 
 2, 300, 000 
 2, 300, 200 
 2, 300, 500 
 2, 300, 000 
 2, 262, 000 
 2:301,100 
 2, 160, 000 
 2, 425, 000 
 2, 300, 100 
 2, 300, 000 
 
 $100, 672, 705 
 102. 972, 705 
 105, 3ti0, 980 
 
 107, 680, 980 
 109, 981, 180 
 112, 281, 880 
 114, 581, 680 
 116, 843i 680 
 119, 144, 780 
 121, 304, 780 
 123, 729, 780 
 126, 029, 880 
 128, 329, 880 
 
 $67, 299, 481 
 68,620,414 1 
 
 70,430,857 t 
 
 73, 
 
 G.>4 
 417 
 
 $999, 798 
 979, (167 
 597, 832 
 
 427, 995 
 1, 573, 092 
 1, 761, 656 
 
 $33, 373, 224 
 34, 332, 291 
 34, 950, 123 
 
 326 
 763 
 860 
 926 
 -110 
 598 
 755 
 750 
 842 
 498 
 
 SILVER CERTIFICATES. 
 
 The amount of silver certificates outstanding increased during the 
 fiscal year from $51,10(;,.530 to .*<3(5,(»0(],710. This increase wiis entirely 
 in certificates of the denominations of ten and twenty dollars. The 
 amount nominally outstanding at this date is $73,007,710, of which 
 $7,087,2(50 is held by the Treasury. The departmental circular of Sep- 
 tember 18, 1880, authorizing exchange payable in these certiticates at 
 the sub-treasuries in the West and §outhto be fuiiii.shed for deposits of 
 gold coin with I lie assistant treasurer iu Xew York, under which large 
 amounts of silver certificates were put iu circulatiun, was modified fu 
 ^November, 1881, by reducing the amount which might be deposited on 
 this accoimt to $25,000 a day, and was finally' rescinded October 15, 1882
 
 REPORT OF THi: SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 289 
 
 The issues and redemptions of silver certificates of each denominatiou 
 <liuiug tlie fiscal year liave beou as follows: 
 
 Denomination. 
 
 'I'en dollars 
 
 Twenty dollars 
 
 rifty dollars 
 
 One hundred dollars 
 
 Five bundled dollavM 
 
 One thousaud dollars 
 
 Total 
 
 Ontstand- 
 iniiJune 
 30, 1881. 
 
 Issued. 
 
 llcdeeinod. 
 
 Dnrins fis- jTo Juuo30,| During li.s- |To June 30,j 
 cal yeai-. 1882. cal year, j 1882. i 
 
 Outstand- 
 ing Juno 
 30, 1882. 
 
 i$20,3n7, 030 112,2-10,000 |$33, 11 1,000 
 
 I 13, itiL', 100 i 0, (i-jo, 000 ! 'j;, ."iH(i, (100 
 ' :■;,•).■!], tiiio , 4(111,011111 4. n.'iii, doo 
 
 1 4, U2!». :!0l» : >iOI), 000 i .1, I4it, (l(t(» 
 
 : 1, 640, 500 ; 71X1, (MM) j 4, ;!.■», ooo 
 
 1 3,480,000] 1,120, 000 11, 0;iO, 000 
 
 $3, 301, mo 
 
 2,241,800 
 ;">■*.", O.'.O 
 SdH, 6U0 
 Oil'. 000 
 
 1,718,000 
 
 $3, Rr,.<?, 280 I 
 2, f!2.->, 760 
 
 7'JC. 4.'^^0 1 
 
 1,119,300 I 
 
 2, i;i.'>, 500 j 
 
 y, 13.*. 000 I 
 
 $29, 245, 720 
 24, 060, 240 
 
 3, 2*>o, 55(i 
 
 4, 020, 700 
 1,734,500 
 2. 8.VJ. 000 
 
 51, 166, 530 I 24, 300, 000 I 80, 230, 000 ' 9, Mi). 820 I 20, 133, 290 I 66, 096, 710 
 
 GOLD CERTIFICATES. 
 
 Of the old issue of <:fold certificates uudev the act of March o, 18G3, 
 there were redeemed during the fiscal year 8745,800, making the total 
 redemptions 8970,007,700.40, and reducing the amount outcitauding to 
 $5,037,120. 
 
 Of the issue authorized by the act of July 12, 1882, $138,000,000 have 
 been printed for issue by the ixssistant treasurer of the United States 
 in New York. Of these tiiere have been issued to October 31, .S21, 700,000, 
 of which $14,827,720 are held in the cash of the various sub-treasuries, 
 leaving the amount actually outstanding $0,1H)2,280. There is in prep- 
 aration a separate series of certificates known as the "Washington 
 issue," to be issued through this office for the use of the assistant ti'eas- 
 iirers in other cities than JSTew York. 
 
 CLEARING-HOUSE CERTIFICATES. 
 
 During the fi^Ki-al year $16,910,000 in. clearing-houvse certificates was 
 issued and $15,105,000 redeemed, leaving the amount outstanding 
 $13,360,000 as compared witli $11,615,000 "outstanding at the close of 
 the last fiscal year. The amount now actually oustanding is $0,835,000. 
 
 The following table shows the total amount issued and redeemed, and 
 the amount outstanding at the close of each fiscal vear from 1873 to 
 1882: 
 
 Fiscal year. 
 
 GutRtandingaq 
 Total amount 1 Total amoimt | shown by the 
 issued. ! I'cdecined. i Treasurer'.i 
 books. 
 
 1873 $.'>7, 
 
 1874 i 137, 
 
 mr> I 219, 
 
 1876 1 .■I(ll, 
 
 1877 -MX. 
 
 1878 1 4fi4, 
 
 1879 ' .'..Vl, 
 
 1880 1 601, 
 
 1881 r,v>. 
 
 1882 1 629, 
 
 I 
 
 240. 000 
 
 $25, 
 
 oo.i, 000 
 
 78, 
 
 0(10, 000 
 
 irA), 
 
 40(1, 000 
 
 208, 
 
 2K.'i, 000 
 
 321, 
 
 og:., ooo 
 
 418 
 
 730, 00(f 
 
 r,^2^, 
 
 in:<, 000 
 
 .'".88, 
 
 N.V), 000 
 
 (101, 
 
 760, 000 
 
 616 
 
 , 430, 000 
 , 915, 000 
 , 955, 000 
 , 260, 000 
 , 305, 000 
 , 720, 000 
 , 400, 000 
 ,060,000 
 , 235, 000 
 , 400, 000 
 
 $31,810,000 
 58, 990, 000 
 69, 04.S, 00<) 
 33, 140, 000 
 53, 980, OOO 
 46, 24.''., 000 
 29, 330, OOD 
 13, IL'.-., 000 
 11, HI,''., 0011 
 13, 360, 000 
 
 The highest amount outstanding at the close of any fiscal year was 
 $59,045,«.00, on June 30, 1875. The use of these certificates has greatly 
 declined since the resumption of specie jiayments. 
 19 Ab
 
 290 PAFEKS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 FRACTIONAL SILVER AND MINOR COIN. 
 
 Dnrinft- tlio iisc.il year 4,150 iJiickages containing .S3,367,7oJ.18 in 
 fractional silver coin were forwarded from this office, at the expen.se of 
 the f^overnnient for express charges, in return for currency redeemed 
 or for deposits of lawful money in the Treasury. 
 
 Under the a])propnation of $25,01)0 made by the act of August 7, 
 1882, for the recoinage of uucurrent silver coins in the Treasury, 
 $383,273.00 in uncurrent silver three-cent and five-cent pieces, $5,708.15 
 in foreign silver coins, and $021 in standard silver dollars were recoined 
 into $303,821.31: in dimes, at a net loss of $25,871.77. The excess of 
 the loss over the $25,000 ap])ropriated was borne fi'om the appropria- 
 tion for the recoinage of gold and silver coins. 
 
 The denominations of the minor coin in the Treasury on September 
 30, 1882, were as follows : 
 
 Five-contiiickol $71,200 45 
 
 Three-cent nickel 15.t. 'M6 B'-i 
 
 Two-cent bronze - 4,K{4 52 
 
 One-cent bronze, nickel, and copper VJ'2, l.'i'J 14 
 
 Mixed 8U, 944 :j5 
 
 504, 515 29 
 
 The supply of five-cent nickel coins in the Treasury, which three 
 years ago reached the sum of $1,181:,252.05, was exhausted during the 
 year and their coinaae was resumed by the Mint. ]S^one of these coins 
 are supplied by the Treasury, but the one-cent and five-cent i)ieces are 
 furnished in miiltiples of $20 by the Mint, which bears the expense of 
 their transportation. 
 
 Included' in the amount on hand is a considerable quantity of coins 
 of the various denominations unfit for circulation, for the recoinage of 
 which an appropriation of $1,000 has been made. , 
 
 FRACTIONAL CURRENCY. 
 
 The amount of fractional currency redeemed during the fiscal year 
 was only $§8,705.55, against $109,001.05 in the preceding year. The 
 amount outstanding at the close of the year was $15,42.3,18(3.10. The 
 redemptions for each year since 1876, when the issue ceased, have been 
 as follows : 
 
 1877 $14,04:i,4.58 05 
 
 1878 'S, ^55, :i(i8 57 
 
 1879 705,158 66 
 
 1880 251,717 41 
 
 1881 .„ 109,001 05 
 
 1882 58,705 55 
 
 MUTILATED, STOLEN, AND COUNTERFEIT CURRENCY. 
 
 There was detected by this oflBce, in remittances of currency received 
 for redem])tion during the year, $5,430 in counterfeit United States 
 notes, $370.10 in counterfeit fractional currency, $3,429 in counterfeit 
 national-bank notes, and $775 in "stolen" national-bank notes. The
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 291 
 
 denominations of the counterfeit United States notes and national-bank 
 notes rejecteil were as follows: 
 
 Deuomination. 
 
 United States 
 Dotea. 
 
 National-bank 
 notes. 
 
 One dollar 
 
 Two dolliirs 
 
 l'"ivt»(lollllI8 
 
 Ten dollars 
 
 Twentv dollars 
 
 Fifty dollars 
 
 ()iie iiuudr(!d dollars . 
 Que thuusaud duUaia 
 
 Total 
 
 $22 00 
 34 UO 
 
 •120 (10 
 
 .1^0 00 
 l,:t*iO 00 
 1, 500 00 
 
 500 00 
 1. 000 00 
 
 $64 00 
 
 1, 425 00 
 
 720 00 
 
 600 00 
 
 600 00 
 
 5, 436 00 
 
 3, 429 00 
 
 The number of the counterfeit United States notes was 286, and of 
 the counterfeit national-bank notes 435. 
 
 During the year one of the national banks, a portion of whose notes 
 was stolen when signed by but one of its officers, aud put in circulation 
 with tiie fictitious signature of the other, M'eut into voluntary liquida- 
 tion and <leposited in the Treasury lawful money for the redemption of 
 all of its circulation, including the stolen notes. By consent of the offi- 
 cers of the bank, aiul with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, 
 the stolen notes when presented at this office have been redeemed from 
 the bank's deposit of lawful money. 
 
 There was deducted during the year, on account of mutilations, from 
 the face value of United States notes redeemed $12,086 ; from fractional 
 currency, $199.68; and from notes of failed, liquidating, and reducing 
 national banks, 886.50 ; making the total deductions on this account 
 $319,149.16 on notes of the fiice value of $2,406,233,928.57 redeemed. 
 In accordance with the recommendation made in the Treasurer's last 
 annual report, the rule subjecting mutilated United States currency to 
 a discount proportioned to the part lacking was modified, in March, 1882, 
 so that fragments equal to three-fifths of whole notes are redeemed in 
 full, and notes of which from one-half to three-fifths remains at one-half 
 their face value. This rule has been found to be sufficient for the pro- 
 tection of the Treasury from fraud, and its application has saved much 
 labor and annoyance to this office, while it has relieved the holders of 
 mutilated notes from the hardship to which they were formerly sub- 
 jected. Mutilated United States notes and national-bank, notes aro 
 now redeemed uuder substantially the same regulations. 
 
 SALES OF EXCHANGE. 
 
 During the year ending September 30, 1882, exchange between the 
 principal cities was furnished by the Treasury Department to the amount 
 of 830,844,100. For deposits of gold coin in New York, telegraphic 
 orders payable in silver certificates, amounting to $14,929,500, were 
 drawn on the assistant treasurers in Cincinnati, Chicago, Saint Louis, 
 and New Orleans, of which $8,499,500 was i)ayable in New Orleans; and, 
 for like dei)osits, orders payable in gold coin were drawn on Philadel- 
 phia for $(),5(;9,600, and on New Orleans for $3,550,000. The exchange 
 on New Orleans was sold for a premium of $2,808.75. For deposits in 
 New York and Baltimore, exchange amounting to $795,000, payable in 
 standard silver dollars, was drawn on I'hiladelphia, and $5,0()0,000 in 
 exchange on New York was sold in San Francisco for United States 
 notes.
 
 292 
 
 PATERS ACCOMPANYING 'J'HE 
 
 DEPOSITARY BANKS. 
 
 Tlie public funds deposited with national-bank depositaries durinj; 
 the liscal year amounted to .$143,201,541.41, niakiiijj the total receipts of 
 public moneys by these de])Ositaries since the establishment of the 
 luitional banking system $3,812,722,588.02. The balance remaining 
 •with them at the close of the year to the credit of the Treasurer was 
 $0,610,432.80, and the balance to the credit .of disbursing otlicers 
 amounted to $3,152,254.50, making a total deposit of $12,702,087.42, 
 which is protected by $15,925,000 iii United States bonds lodged with 
 the Treasurer. 
 
 The receipts and disbursements of public funds by bank depositaries 
 during the last nineteen fiscal years have been as follows : 
 
 Fiscal year. Receipts. 
 
 Fonds transfer- 
 red to deposi- 
 tary banks. 
 
 Fnndstran.sferred 
 to the Treasury! Drafts drawn on Balance at close 
 by depositary depositary banks, of the year, 
 banks. 1 
 
 1864 
 
 $153, 395, 108 71 
 987, 564, 639 14 
 497. 566, 676 42 
 351, 737, 083 83 
 225, 244, 144 75 
 105,160,573 67 
 120, 084, 041 79 
 
 99, 299, 840 85 
 106, 104, 855 10 
 169, 602, 743 98 
 
 91, 108, 846 70 
 
 98, 228, 249 53 
 97, 402, 227 57 
 
 106,470,261 22 
 
 99, 781, 053 48 
 109, 397, 525 67 
 119, 493, 171 94 
 131, 820, 002 20 
 143, 261, 541 41 
 
 .$816, 000 00 
 
 .$85, .507, 674 08 i $28, 726, 095 88 
 .583. 697 912 72 41.5. 8H7. 767 81 
 
 $39, 976, 738 75 
 36, 065, 992 06 
 
 1865 
 
 8, 110, 294 70 
 
 1866 
 
 13,523.972 62 i .363. 085. .ifiS (IS 1 149.772.7.56 11 
 
 34, 298, 318 34 
 
 1867 
 
 8, 405, 903 63 
 
 331, 039, 872 57 37, 218, 612 76 
 
 26.182.821 47 
 
 1868 
 
 ] 869 
 
 9, 404, 392 00 
 10, 052, 199 44 
 2, 466, 521 06 
 2, 633, 129 45 
 3,050,444 05 
 9, 004, 842 49 
 2, 729, 958 81 
 
 1, 737, 445 60 
 
 2, 445, 451 49 
 2, 353, 196 29 
 2, 385, 920 38 
 6, 890, 489 06 
 6, 489, 634 17 
 5, 646, 092 46 
 5, 256, 574 29 
 
 215, 311, 460 C9 , 22, 218, 187 92 1 23, 301, 709 01 
 114, 748, 877 24 14, 890, 463 75 8, 875, 141 73 
 
 1870 
 
 111,123,926 18 ' 11,818,228 61 8, 48:j, 549 79 
 
 1871 
 
 89, 428, 544 04 1 13, 7^0, 961 01 7, 197, 015 04 
 
 1872 
 
 94, 938, 603 76 13, 635, 837 49 7, 777, 873 00 
 
 1873 
 
 108, 089, 786 76 16, 110, 519 07 62, 185, 153 64 
 
 1874 
 
 134, 869, 112 57 i 13, 364, 554 52 7, 790, 292 06 
 
 1875 
 
 82, 184, 304 05 ' 13, 657, 678 25 11, 914, 004 89 
 
 1876 
 
 89, 981, 146 99 13, 909, 616 83 7. 870. 920 13 
 
 1877 
 
 94, 276, 400 35 I 14, 862, 200 88 
 90, 177, 963 35 \ 12, 606, 870 60 
 100, 498, 469 29 15. 544. 058 34 
 
 7, 5.S5, 776 41 
 
 1878 
 
 6, 937, 916 32 
 
 1879 
 
 7, 183, 403 42 
 
 1880 
 
 188] 
 
 109, 641, 232 64 
 118, 143, 724 91 
 129, 131, 305 07 
 
 15, 525, 023 03 
 18, 388, 772 82 
 18, 709, 928 56 
 
 7, 999, 953 86 
 
 8. 933, 550 79 
 
 1882 
 
 9,610,432 86 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 3, 812, 722, 588 02 
 
 103, 402, 461 99 
 
 3, 045, 875, 882 91 
 
 860,638,734 24 
 
 
 
 
 PACIFIC RAILROAD SINKINa FUNDS. 
 
 There are held by this office on account of the Pacific Eailroad sink- 
 ing funds, established by the act of May 7, 1878 (20 Statutes, 56), bonds 
 as follows: 
 
 For the Union Pacific Railroad Company. 
 
 Pacific Railway bonds, currency sixes $361,000 
 
 Loan of July 12, 1882, 3 per cents 256,450 
 
 Funded loan of 1907, 4 per cents 32,656^ 
 
 650, 100 
 
 For the Central Pacvfic Eailroad Company. 
 
 Pacific Railway bonds, currency sixes 444,000 
 
 Loan of July 12, 1882, 3 per cents 194,900 
 
 l\inded loan of 1907,4 per cents 199,100 
 
 838,000 
 
 Bonds of the funded loan of 1881, to the amount of $256,450, held 
 for the Union Pacific Eailroad Company, and $194,900, for the Central 
 Pacific Eailroad Company, continued at 3^ per cent., were exchanged 
 for bonds of the loan of July 12, 1882, bearing 3 per cent.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 293 
 TRUST FUNDS. 
 
 Tlie Indian Trust Funds. 
 
 The bonds and stocks of the Indian Trust Fund, at the close of the 
 fiscal year, in the custody of this office, in conformity witli the act of 
 Confess of June 10, 1870 (19 Statutes,58), amounted to $1,S78,81G.83§. 
 Of this amount $280,000 was in Pacitic Kailway bonds, currency sixes, 
 ' and the remainder in State and corporation stocks and bonds, as shown 
 in the table in the appendix. 
 
 During the fiscal year United States bonds to the amount of $2,186,050 
 were sold, in pursuance of instructions from the Secretary of tlie Inte- 
 rior, and the proceeds, amounting to 82,2.31,021, deposited in tlie Treas- 
 ury, as provided for in the act of April 1, 1880 (21 Statutes, 70), and one 
 bond of $500, of the loan of July and August, 1801, was delivered to 
 the Secretary of the Treasury for redemption, and the proceeds depos- 
 ited in pursuance of the same act. 
 
 The remaining $121,000 in bonds of the ]S"ashville and Chattanooga 
 Eailroad Comi)any, due July 1, 1882, were paid by the company at ma- 
 turity, and the principal deposited in the Treasury in accordance with 
 the act of April 1, 1880; the interest, $3,630, was deposited in the 
 Treasury to the credit of the Secretary of the Interior, trustee of va- 
 rious Indian ti'ibes. Detached and unpaid coupons from these bonds 
 ' to the amount of $153,510 are held in this office. Actioji to obtain pay- 
 ment of this amount, with interest, is now pending in the United States 
 circuit court at 2s ashville, Tenn. 
 
 American Printing-House for the Blind. 
 
 Under the act of March 3, 1879 (20 Statutes, 467), $250,000 in United 
 States four per cent, bonds are held in the name of the Secretary of 
 the Treasury, trustee, "to promote the education of the blind," the in- 
 terest on which is paid to the trustees of the American Printing-IIouse 
 for the Blind, in Louisville, Ky., in conformity with that act. 
 
 Pennsylvania Company. 
 
 Under the i)rovisions of department circular No. 140, dated Xovem- 
 l>er 29, 1870, $200,000 in registered bonds of the funded loan of 1891, 
 are lield in trust for the Pennsylvania Company for the security of 
 unappraised dutiable merchandise, and dutiable merchandise in bond, 
 transported by it. 
 
 Manhattan Savings Institvtion. 
 
 United States bonds issued to replace those alleged to have been 
 fitoleu from the vaults of the .Manhattan Havings Institution, New York, 
 are held in this office to the amount of $200,000 to i)rotect the United 
 States from loss, as provided by the act of December 19, 1878 (20 Stat- 
 utes, 589). 
 
 Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Forty thousand dollars in United States 4 per cent, bonds, in the 
 name of the Treasurer of the United States, in trust for the Cincinnati 
 Chamber of Commerce and ^Merchants' Exchange, are held in this oflice 
 in pursuance of a contract between the Secretary of the Treasury and 
 the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and Merchants' Exchange, made 
 under the authority of a. joint resolution of Congress approved l\l)ruary 
 27, 1879 (20 Statutes, 488), being the investment of a i)artial i)ayment 
 for the site of the old post-office and customhouse in the city of Cincin- 
 nati. The bonds are to br sdld and the i)roceeds iii>plied in payment of 
 the property when a deed of conveyauce is executed.
 
 294 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 UNITED STATES BONDS HELD FOE NATIONAL BANKS. 
 
 At tlio close of tlie fiscal year the Uriited States bonds lield in trust 
 for the national banks amounted to $376,647,700, Of tliis amount 
 $360,722,700 was held to secure circulation, and $15,925,000 to secure 
 public moneys, as follows : 
 
 TO 8K0UUE CIRCULATION. 
 
 Ten-forties of 18G4, 5 per ceixts $50,000 
 
 Pacific Railway bonds, 6 per cents 3, 320, 000 
 
 Funded loan of 1881, 5 per cents 24,000 
 
 Funded loan of 1881, coutinnod at 3^ per cent 202, 147,050 
 
 Loan of July and August, 1861, cwntiuucd at 3^ per cent 7,13^^,300 
 
 Loan of 1863 ('81s), continued at 3>^ per cent 18,004,300 
 
 Funded loan of 1891, 4J per cents 32,752,650 
 
 Funded loan of 1907, 4 per cents 97,279,800 
 
 360, 722, 700 
 
 TO SECURE PUBLIC MONEYS. 
 
 Pacific Railway bonds, 6 per cents $33,000 
 
 Loan of July and August, 1861, continued at 3^ per cent S6, 300 
 
 Loan of 1863 ('81s), continued at 3| per cent 797, 100 
 
 Funded loan of 1881, continued at 3| per cent 7, 614, 000 
 
 •Funded loan of 1891, 4^ per cents 854,100 
 
 Funded loan of 1907, 4 per cents 6,538,500 
 
 15, 925, 000 
 
 The amount of bonds deposited during? the year was $129,47'4,400, 
 and of bonds withdrawn, $128,628,100. The total movement of bonds 
 held in trust for national banks was $258,102,500. 
 
 The amount of United States bonds continued at 3^ per cent, held in 
 trust for national banks July 1, 1882, was $235,789^650. During the 
 mouth of July $795,000 of the above bonds, included in calls for re- 
 demption, were withdrawn. Of the remaining 3J per cent, bonds 
 $180,524,250 have since been withdrawn and exchanged into 3 per cent, 
 bonds, under the provisions of the act of July 12, 1882. 
 
 SEMI-ANNUAL DUTY. 
 
 The semi-annual duty assessed upon and collected from the national 
 banks by the Treasurer of the United States for the fiscal year is as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 On circulation $3,190,981 98 
 
 On deposits 5,521,927 47 
 
 On capital 437,774 90 
 
 9, 150, 684 35 
 
 This amount of semi-annual duty, which is the largest collected in 
 any year since the establishment of the national banking system, ex- 
 ceeds the amount collected in the fiscal year ended June 30, 1881, by 
 $657,131.80. 
 
 The total amount of semi-annual duty collected by this office from the 
 national banks for the fiscal years from 1864 to 1882, as shown in the 
 appendix, is : 
 
 On circulation S^>2,253,513 24 
 
 On deposits 58,166,276 70 
 
 On capital 7,585,911 31 
 
 Total 118,005,706 25
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 295 
 
 THE kede:mption of national-bank notes. 
 
 The national-bank notes received for i'edeiuj)tion diuinj^ the fiscal 
 year amounted to ^7<),0S'J,327, au increase over the preceding: year of 
 $1G,43'J,008, or more than 27A per cent. Xotwithstandinj? this increase 
 the redemptions were less than one-third as great as in 1877, when 
 they reached $230,210,375. $28,012,000 was received from the citv of 
 New York, $7,370,000 h\mi Boston, and $5,939,000 from Philadelphia-. 
 The larj^est amount received in any year from New York was $80,925,000 
 in 1875, and from Boston $80,527,000 in 1878, the amount in each case 
 being- greater than the entire redemptions during the fiscal year 1882. 
 
 The amount assorted during the year was $74,593,730, of which 
 $3,801,500 was fit for circulation and returned to the banks that issued 
 it, $53,838,500 was unfit for circulation, and $10,953,730 was of the issue 
 of banks which have failed, gone into li(]uidation, or made deposits of 
 lawful money for the retirement of i)art of their circulation. The 
 amount of notes fit for circulation redeemed was less than in any pre- 
 ceding year, constituting but 5 per cent, of the total redemptions, while 
 the amount of notes unfit for circulatio!i was greater than in any of the 
 preceding four years. The amount of notes fit for circulation redeemed 
 has steadily di'clined since 1878. In that year they amounted to 
 $152,437,300, and constituted more than 70 ])er cent, of the total re- 
 dem]>tions. The proportion of notes of reducing banks included in the 
 amount redeemed was greater than in any jueceding year, being 
 $14,150,02f», or nearly 19 per cent, of the total amount assorted. 
 
 The exi)enses incurred in the redemption of national-bank notes 
 during the year were $129,529.38 as against $120,212.12 during the 
 preceding year. The increase is more than covered by the increase in 
 the charges for transportation, the expenses of redeeming and assorting 
 the notes having been reduced from $92,308.20 in 1881 to $90,320.07 iu 
 1882 — a smaller exi»enditure than in any preceding year. Heretofore, 
 in accordance with a construction of the law adopted at the outset, the 
 charges for transportation have been assessed upon the several national 
 banks in proportion to the amount, and the expenses of assorting iu 
 proportion to the number, of tlieir notes redeemed. For tlie last fiscal 
 year, for the first time, all of the exi)enses of redemption have been 
 assessed in ]>roportiun to. the amount of the notes of each bank redeemed. 
 This niethixl seems to conform more closely than the former one to the 
 requirement of the law that " the amount assessed upon each association 
 shall be in proportion to the circulation redeemc<l," while it saves the 
 labor and exi)ense of computing the number of notes redeemed for each 
 bank. 
 
 At the Treasurer's suggestion there was inserted in the act of July 12, 
 1882, extending the cori)orate existence of national banks, a juovisiou 
 that "all national banks which have heretofore made or shall hereafter 
 make dejiosits of lawful Uioney lor the reduction of their circulation 
 shall bo assessed * • * for tii^ eost of transporting aiul redeeming 
 their notes redeemed from such deposits subseipiently to June 30, 1881." 
 Accordingly, all notes of reducing banks redeemed during the last 
 fiscal year have been subjected to assessment, making the total amount 
 assessed $71,794,520, and the average rate $1.80iVo'V f^r each $1,000 re- 
 deemed and assorted. Had the reducing baid<s been relieved fiom as- 
 sessment as heretofore, the assessment upon the other banks would have 
 been at the rate of $2.25 for each $1,000, or one-fourth greater. 
 
 The same section provides that tlie national banks which shall there- 
 after make deposits of lawful mouey for the retirement in full of their
 
 296 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 circuliitioii s'lmll, nt the time ot'tlieir deposit, be assessed for tfie cost of 
 transporting and redeemiiifj their notes then ontstaM<ling a sum equal 
 to the average cost ol* the redemption of national-bank notes during the 
 preceding year. The assessments made under this section on national 
 banks going into voluntary liquidation are credited to a consolidated 
 account to which are to be annually charged the actual expenses of 
 tTansx)orting and redeeming the notes of such banks. 
 
 DEPOSITS FOR RETIEEiEENT OP BANK CIRCULATION. 
 
 The ninth section of the act of July 12, 1882, extending the cliarters of 
 national banks, limits to $3,000,000 a month the deposits of lawful money 
 which may be made for the withdrawal of bank circulation under sectfon 
 4 of the act of June 20, 1874, exclusive of the amount which may be with- 
 drawn in consequence of the calling by the Secretary of the Treas- 
 ury of bonds for redemption. The amount deposited on this account 
 from the date of the ])assage of the act to October 31, was $4,581,825, of 
 which $1,882,340 consisted of lawful money deposited with the Treasurer 
 and assistant treasurers of the United States, and $2,690,485 of the pro- 
 ceeds of called bonds. The deposits of lawful money during the same 
 period for the retirement of the circulation of national banks in volun- 
 tary liquidation were 81,800,135. 
 
 The following table shows the monthly deposits on each account: 
 
 Date. 
 
 1882 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 Deposits on reducing account. 
 
 Lawful 
 money. 
 
 $732, 470 
 421, 030 
 
 . 341, 480 
 380, 700 
 
 Proceeds of 
 called bonds. 
 
 $1, 702, C85 
 581, 720 
 415, 080 
 
 Total on re- 
 ducing 
 accoonk. 
 
 Deposits on 
 liquidating 
 account. 
 
 $732, 470 
 
 2, 124, 315 
 
 923, 200 
 
 801, 840 
 
 1, 882, 340 
 
 2,099,485 
 
 4, 581, 825 
 
 j Aggregate 
 I deposits ou 
 I liquidating 
 I .and redncinn; 
 I accounts. 
 
 $070, 800 
 572, 190 
 300, 545 
 310, 000 
 
 $1,409,270- 
 2, 090, 505 
 1, 223, 745 
 1,112,440 
 
 1, 800, 135 
 
 0, 441, 900 
 
 RESTORATION OF SALARIES. 
 
 In conclusion, the Treasurer earnestly renews the recommendation 
 made in his last annual report for the restoration to their former amounts 
 of the salaries of the ofncers of his oftice which were reduced by the 
 appropriation act of 187G. The amount required to make the restora- 
 tion is only $3,600 per annum— the salary of three clerks of the lowest 
 grade — while the number of officers who woidd be benefited by it is 
 twenty. Even with the restoretl salaries, the pay of these officers will 
 be much less than is paid for like services and responsibilities in private 
 establishments, and less tlian the salaries of officers of no higher rank 
 in some other branches of the public service. The action recommended 
 would simplv restore the salaries to the amounts at which they are fixed 
 by law (18' Statutes, 307, 390). 
 
 Xo loss of the public money has occurred in this office during the last 
 year. 
 
 Very respectfuUv, vour obedient servant, 
 
 JAS. GILFILLA]S^, 
 Treasurer of the United Slates. 
 Hon. Charles J. Folger, 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 297 
 
 REPOET OF THE REGISTER OF THE TREASURY. 
 
 Treasury Department, 
 Register's Office, 
 
 November 8, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to transinit herewith a report of the work per- 
 formed ill this office during the fiscal year ended on the oOth day of 
 June, 1882. 
 
 It affords me pleasure to state that the iierformance of their official 
 duties by the employes of this bureau has been faithful and satisfactory. 
 
 LOAN DIVISION. 
 
 Total uumber of coupou and rogistored 1[)onds issued 104, 34G 
 
 Total number of coupon and registered bonds canceled :503, 90;? 
 
 AMOUXT ISSUED. 
 
 Direct issue (coupon) 1 « $108,350 
 
 Dirfct issue (registeied) 121,504,000 
 
 Registered bonds issued in excliauge for coupon bonds 26, 773, 900 
 
 Registered bonds Issued upon transfers, includingSpanish indemnity. 330, 440, 900 
 
 : Total 478,827,150 
 
 AMOUNT cancei;ed. 
 
 Actual redemptions (coupon) » $26,601,450 
 
 Actual rodoiiiptions (registered) 144,8ii3, 850 
 
 Coupou bonds converted into registered 26,773,900 
 
 Coupon and registered bonds converted into 3^ jjer cents 121 , 377, 300 
 
 Registered l)ond8 transferred 330, 440, 900 
 
 Total 650,027,400 
 
 A synopsis of the vault account shows that the amount of -bonds on 
 
 hand July 1, 1881, including- those held by Treasury agent abroad, was: 
 
 Registered bonds %il,275, 1(M, 550 
 
 Coupon bonds AQ,'m7, 600 
 
 District of Columbia bonds • 3, .'>30, 400 
 
 Received during tlie venr: 
 
 lYom Secretaiy of Treasury :?32, 2a'), 000 
 
 From Commissioners District of Colmnbia 1,077,500 
 
 Total 1,658.995,050 
 
 Accounted loi as followw: 
 
 Registered l)'>n(ls issued, ex<;lnsive of Spanish indemnity 476,649,800 
 
 Coup<;n bonds i.ssn^'d 70,200 
 
 District of CoIunil)ia bonds, coupon and registered 2, 100, 150 
 
 Delivered to destrut^tiou committee: 
 
 Registered bonds 210,502,800 
 
 Coupon bonds 14,805,000 
 
 On hand June 30, 1882 : 
 
 Registered bond^ 920, 29G, 950 
 
 Cou])OU bonds 31,462,400 
 
 District of Columbia bonds 3, Ui7,750 
 
 Total l,t).-,8,995,050 
 
 Redemption and exchanges of coupon bonds delivered to note and 
 
 coupon division 26,(565,550
 
 298 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 STATEMENT shoivinq the NUMBER and AMOUNT of COUPON and REGISTERED 
 BONDS ISSUED daring thejincal year ended June 30, 18^2. 
 
 Loaus. 
 
 4 per cent, consols, 1907 
 
 C. 
 
 h- 
 
 A\ per cpjit. fnnrti'd, 1891 11- 
 
 Pacific Kailroads li- 
 
 July and August, 18G1, continued at 3J per 
 
 cent Ji- 
 
 March 3, 18G3, continued at 3i per cent..K. 
 5 per cent, funded, continued at 3i per 
 
 cent -K- 
 
 5 per cent, funded, Districtof Columbia. K. 
 
 3.65 funded, District of Columbia ? ^" 
 
 Spanish indemnity K- 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Bondu issued. 
 
 Direct is- 
 sue, 
 amount. 
 
 Excbanges 
 amount. 
 
 ?8, 
 
 .$70, 200 
 106,700 $19,712,450 
 6, 573, 450 
 
 Transfers, 
 amount. 
 
 1, 9r)7, 850 
 810,700 
 
 118, 578, 750 
 
 38,'i5J" 
 
 121, C12, 350 
 
 27, 000 
 '461,' OOO' 
 
 26, 773, 900 
 
 076. 750 
 299, g.^ 
 620, 000 
 
 035, 700 
 458, 650 
 
 368, 850 
 49, 000 
 
 Total 
 bonds 
 issued. 
 
 Tot.al 
 amount 
 isRued. 
 
 , 525, 000 
 7,000 
 
 330, 440, 900 
 
 4.57 
 31,872 
 10,640 
 
 957 
 
 9, 6.56 
 4,898 
 
 44, 931 
 76 
 160 
 
 104, 346 
 
 $70, 200 
 
 107, 945, 900 
 
 32, 878, 400 
 
 4, 620, 000 
 
 31, 993, 550 
 17, 269, 350 
 
 281, 947, 600 
 76,000 
 38,150 
 
 1, 986, 000 
 7,000 
 
 478, 827, 150 
 
 STATEMENT simping the NUMBER and AMOUNT of COUPON and REGISTERED 
 BONDS CANCELED during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 Loans. 
 
 r" 
 
 4i per cent, funded, 1691 \ j>' 
 
 Pacific Railioads K., 
 
 July and August, 1801, continued at 3* per 
 
 cent R-- 
 
 March 3, 1863, continued at 34 per cent. .R. 
 5 per cent, funded, continued at 3J per 
 
 cent R- 
 
 5 per cent, funded. District of Colum- C C . 
 
 bia > R. 
 
 3.65 funded, District of Columbia i j^"" 
 
 Spanish indemnity.^. K-. 
 
 1861— February 8, 6 per cent J jj" " 
 
 1861— July and August, 6 per cent ... \ jj' 
 
 1863— March 3, 6 per cent | jj' 
 
 5Q 
 R ' 
 
 1862— February 25 i £;; 
 
 1864— June 30 C 
 
 Bonds canceled. 
 
 Redemp- 
 tions, 
 amount. 
 
 $19, 712, 450 
 
 356, 750 
 637, 850 
 
 1,000 
 
 1804—10-408 \ £;; 
 
 c c ' 
 
 1865— March 3, May and November.. X •^" 
 
 1805 — March 3, consols \ ^" 
 
 1867— March 3, consols I j." 
 
 1868 — March 3, consols j jj" 
 
 Oregon ■war debt C. 
 
 376, 
 041, 
 212, 
 .545, 
 037, 
 615, 
 79(t. 
 714, 
 3, 
 
 6, 
 
 130, 
 557, 
 
 71, 
 17, 
 277, 
 216, 
 122, 
 59, 
 559, 
 
 Exchanges, 
 amount. 
 
 Transfers, J«tal 
 ^°^*- of bonds. 
 
 6, 573, 450 
 
 l$88, 076, 7.50 
 
 451, 000 
 
 *681, 600 
 
 *1, 276, 2.'J0 
 
 *209, 900 
 
 *600, 800 
 
 '53, 787, 0.'>0 
 
 '04, 821, 700 
 
 26, 299, 95(1 
 4, 620, 000 
 
 30, 035, 700 
 16, 458, 650 
 
 163, 308, 850 
 
 49, 000 
 
 1. 525, 000 
 7,000 
 
 Total 171,435,300 148,151,200 '330,440,900 
 
 46, 308 
 36, 182 
 
 7, 288 
 8,548 
 
 28, 982 
 5,220 
 
 24, 737 
 27 
 51 
 
 1, 294 
 593 
 
 1 
 370 
 
 2, 632 
 12, 143 
 
 5, 334 
 
 3,640 
 
 2, i;i2 
 
 95, 014 
 
 18, 603 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 432 
 
 157 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 178 
 
 13 
 
 9: '6 
 
 87 
 
 304 
 
 25 
 
 1,672 
 
 Total 
 amount 
 canceled. 
 
 $19,712,450 
 88, 076, 7.50 
 
 6, 573, 450 
 26, 299, 950 
 
 4, 620, 000 
 
 123, 392, 450 
 19, 096, 500 
 
 303, 903 
 
 163,369, 
 
 27 
 
 ZA, 
 
 474, 
 
 1. 595, 
 
 37c! 
 
 7, 041, 
 6, 893, 
 
 8, 821, 
 2 247 
 4! 216^ 
 
 70, 577, 
 94, 520, 
 
 C, 
 130, 
 557, 
 
 216, 
 
 122, 
 
 ,59, 
 
 559, 
 
 8.50 
 OOO 
 000 
 200 
 000 
 000 
 000 
 000 
 700 
 250 
 350 
 IOC 
 70C 
 70C 
 800 
 r.J 
 200 
 500 
 400 
 300 
 .500 
 600 
 250 
 WO 
 750 
 7110 
 000 
 050 
 
 650, 027, 40C 
 
 'Converted into 3J per cents.
 
 EEPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 299 
 
 NOTE AND COUPON DIYISION. 
 
 TREASURY NOTES, INTEREST CHECKS, and CERTIFICATES, COUNTED, 
 ARRANGED, REGISTERED, and EXAMINED. 
 
 OXE and TWO TEARS' 5 PER CENT. TREASURY NOTES. 
 
 Authorizing act. 
 
 Number of 
 not«s. 
 
 March 3, 1803 . 
 
 110 
 
 $3, 590 
 
 GOLD CERTIFICATES. 
 
 Authoriziujr act. 
 
 Number of 
 certificates. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 March 3, 1SC3 
 
 1,027 $1,004,880 
 
 THREE TEARS' C PER CENT. COMPOUND-INTEREST NOTES. 
 
 Authorizing acta. 
 
 ilarch 3, 1803, and June SO,' 1864 . 
 
 Number of 
 notes. 
 
 499 
 
 Amount. 
 
 $11, 720 
 
 THREE YEARS' 7^ PER GENT. TREASURY NOTES. 
 
 Authorizing acts. 
 
 Number of 
 notes. 
 
 Amouut. 
 
 July 17, 18C1 
 
 Juiiu 30, 18U4, and March 3, 1805 
 
 $300 
 3.400 
 
 3,700 
 
 CURRENCY CERTIFICATES of DEPOSIT. 
 
 Authorizing act. 
 
 Number of 
 cuitilicates. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Junes 1872 
 
 1, .109 
 
 $13, C30, 000 
 
 
 INTEREST CHECKS. 
 
 Authorizing acts. 
 
 Funded loiiu of 18S1 (5 per cent.) 
 
 Funded U)an of 1891 (4.5 per cent.). . . 
 Consuls of 1!K)7 (4 jier rent.) . 
 District of CuluiuUia old funded debt 
 
 Total 
 
 Number of 
 checks. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 3.1.741 $14, 798, .170 43 
 
 07, 5J2 ! 11,49K. oiO 31 
 
 5), 079 I 4,094.094 1.1 
 
 71 14,341 00 
 
 155,013 ! 31,005,031 89
 
 300 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 REDEEMED COUPONH DETACHED from BONDfi and NOTES. 
 
 Arm Ji god nmnciically 3, 244, 499 
 
 Kcgisterod :), 070, 026 
 
 Exutnlned 2,004,872 
 
 REDEEMED, EXCHANGED, and TRANSFERRED UNITED STATES BONDS, with COUPONS 
 attached, EXAMINED, REGISTERED, and SOnEDULED. 
 
 Loan. 
 
 Number of Aniouat of 
 bouds. bonds. 
 
 Number of 
 coupons 
 attached. 
 
 Consols of 18G"i 
 
 C4, 099 $27, 450, 500 
 42, 483 21, 994, 350 
 
 891. 890 
 
 Consols of 1867 
 
 679, 770 
 
 
 
 
 106, 582 49, 354, 850 
 
 1,571,660 
 
 NOTE AND rEACTlONAL-CUREENCY DIVISION. 
 
 STATEMENT SHOWING the NUMBER of NOTES and AMOUNT of UNITED 
 STATES NOTES, DEMAND NOTES, 4 PER CENT. REFUNDING CERTIFI- 
 CATES, SILVER CERTIFICATES, and FRACTIONAL CURRENCY EXAM- 
 INED, COUNTED, CANCELED, and DESTROYED for the fiscal year ending 
 June 30, 1882. 
 
 United States notes. 
 
 2tumber of 
 notes. 
 
 Amonnt. 
 
 New issue 
 
 Series 1869 
 
 Series 1874 
 
 Series 1875 , 
 
 Series 1878 , 
 
 Series 1S80 
 
 Doiuand notes 
 
 4 per cent, refunding certificates 
 
 Silver Certificates : 
 
 series 1878 issued at Washington . 
 
 series 1880 issued at Washington . 
 
 series 1878 issued at New York . . . 
 
 series 1880 issued at New York . . . 
 
 series 1878 San Francisco 
 
 Fi'actional currency : 
 
 first issue 
 
 second issue 
 
 third issue 
 
 fourth issue 
 
 fourth issue, second series 
 
 fourth issue, third series 
 
 fifth issue 
 
 122, 004 
 
 1, 202, 199 
 
 249, 572 
 
 4, 226, 872 
 
 6, 725, 204 
 
 4, 598, 345 
 
 90 
 
 21, 830 
 
 70, 704 
 291, 699 I 
 Iti, 678 , 
 82, ir,0 ; 
 4,449 
 
 3,200 
 
 3,900 
 
 20,450 
 
 42, 780 
 
 5,500 
 
 8,700 
 
 152, 680 
 
 17, 849, OOC 
 
 $1, 265, 650 
 
 11, 702, 501 
 
 2,1.52,9.50 
 
 16, 022. 250 
 
 40, 006, 350 
 
 6, 327, 600 
 
 810 
 
 218, 300 
 
 2, 227. SCO 
 
 3, 737, 000 
 
 486, 250 
 
 965,000 
 
 1, 795, 700 
 
 615 
 635 
 2. 262 
 7,739 
 2, 750 
 4,350 
 33, 270 
 
 87, 559, 782 
 
 4 PER CENT. REGISTERED REFUNDING CERTIFICATES. ! 
 
 Amount issued $-'>S, 500 
 
 Amount ttinded 57,350 
 
 TONNAGE DIVISION. 
 
 The total tonnage of the country exhibits an increase of 108,198.77 
 tons, the enrolled tonnage having increased 150,019.53 tons, and the 
 licensed, under 20 tons, 1,470.92 tons, while the registered tonnage has 
 decreased 43,291.08 tons.
 
 REPORT OP^ THE PKCRKTARY r)F THE TREASURY. 301 
 
 Below are given the totals for the last two years : 
 
 1881. 
 
 Yesselfl. 
 
 Tods. 
 
 Kegistered 2.326 1, 33S, 58<5. 18 
 
 Enrolled and licensed j 21,739 I 2,722,148.29 
 
 Total 24,065 '■ 4,057,734.47 
 
 1882. 
 
 VeaselB. 
 
 2,1P5 
 22,183 
 
 Tons. 
 
 1, 292, 294. 50 
 2, 873, 638. 74 
 
 24, 368 4, 1C5, 9.33. 24 
 
 The coraparison of the diflerent classes of vessels is as follows: 
 
 1881. 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Sailing vessels 16,760 2,350,393.14 
 
 Steam vessels 4,860 1,2&4,998.25 
 
 Caual-boats 1,327 118, U7j<. 73 
 
 BarKe.s 1,118 325,304.35 
 
 16, 810 2, 361, 251. 27 
 
 5, IDl I 1, 355, 82.'.. C. 
 
 1, 138 I 107, 394. 00 
 
 1, 220 I 341, 462. ;:2 
 
 Total 24,065 
 
 4, 057, 734. 47 24, 368 4, 165, 933. 24 
 
 It may be seen from the foregoing that the sailing tonnage has in- 
 creased 10,858.13 tons, the steam tonnage 90,827.40 tons, and the barge 
 tonnage 10,097.07 tons, while the canal-boat tonnage lias decreased 
 9,584.73 ton.s. 
 
 The proportion of the sailing tonnage registered is 48 per centum, 
 and the steam tonnage registered 12 per centum. 
 
 SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 The following table exhibits the class, number, and tonnage of the 
 vessels built during the last two years: 
 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 Vessels. Tons. 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Sailing vessels . 
 
 493 81, 209. 57 
 
 444 118, 070. .'■)5 
 
 57 10, 189. 94 
 
 114 70,988.58 
 
 666 
 
 502 
 
 08 
 
 135 
 
 118,708.50 
 121. 842. 66 
 
 Steam vessels 
 
 
 7,882.00 
 33,746.51 
 
 Barges 
 
 Total. 
 
 1,108 i 280,458.64 
 
 1,371 282,269.73 
 
 From the foregoing it appears that the amount built during the past 
 year was greater by 1,811.09 tons than that of the preceding year. 
 
 The tonnage built during the last two years in the several grand di- 
 visions of the country is shown below : 
 
 Division. 
 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 Vessels. Tons. 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 
 1 
 
 653 { 114, 34a 66 
 
 .■>H 1 11.417.49 
 
 215 ! 73,503.61 
 
 182 1 81,188.88 
 
 890 
 75 
 
 172. 306. 80 
 15, 776. 95 
 
 
 
 254 
 
 Mt :uiR <u 
 
 
 152 a.1 Kifi as 
 
 
 
 
 Atlantic and Gulf coasts 
 
 Pacific const 
 
 Northern lakes 
 
 Western rivers 
 
 Total ' 1,108 : 280,458.64 
 
 1,371 j 282,209.73
 
 802 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The following table exhibits the iron tonnage built in the country 
 since 1807: 
 
 Class. 
 
 1868. 
 
 1869. 
 
 1870. 
 
 1871. 
 
 1872. 
 
 1873. 
 
 1874. 
 
 
 1,039 
 3,545 
 
 679 
 
 7,602 
 
 2,067 
 13, 412 
 
 
 
 
 Stoaiu vesaols 
 
 
 
 2.801 
 
 12, 766 
 
 26,548 
 
 33, 097 
 
 Total 
 
 2,801 
 
 4,584 
 
 8,281 
 
 15, 479 
 
 12, 766 
 
 26,548 
 
 33,097 
 
 Class. 
 
 1875. 
 
 1876. 
 
 1877. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 25, 538 
 
 36 
 28, 320 
 
 
 
 21, 632 
 
 21,346 
 
 5,927 
 
 26, 960 
 
 22, 008 
 
 40,097 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 21. 632 
 
 21, 346 
 
 5,927 
 
 26,960 
 
 22, 008 
 
 25, 582 
 
 28,356 
 
 40,097 
 
 
 ' Table showing the amount of iron tonnage outstanding may be found 
 in the Eeport ou Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 THE FISHERIES. 
 
 The tonnage engaged, in tlie fisheries during the last two years is as 
 follows : 
 
 Fisheries. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Cod and mackerel. 
 Whale 
 
 2,120 
 173 
 
 76, 137. 16 ! 2, 090 
 38, 551. 52 146 
 
 77, 862. 46 
 32, 802. 22 
 
 Below is shown the amount of tonnage employed in tbe cod and 
 mackerel fisheries, with the i)er centum of each state : . 
 
 states. 
 
 Tonnage. Per cent, 
 
 Maine 
 
 New Hampsbire 
 Massachusetts . . 
 Khofle Lsland ... 
 
 Connecticnt 
 
 New York 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Maryland • 
 
 Virginia 
 
 yiorida 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Texas 
 
 California 
 
 731. 26 
 
 009. 36 
 
 744. 00 
 
 090. 82 
 
 991. 91 
 
 172. 84 
 
 24.59 
 
 893. 13 
 
 053. 53 
 
 145. 31 
 
 68.21 
 
 56. 03 
 
 881. 47 
 
 24 
 1.3 
 
 51.1 
 2.7 
 5.1 
 9.2 
 .03 
 1.1 
 1.4 
 , 2 
 
 !i 
 
 .07 
 3.7 
 
 77, 862. 46 
 
 100 
 
 This shows an increase of about 2 per cent, during the year. The 
 tonnage employed in the whale fisheries is given below: 
 
 Customs districts. 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Tons. I Vessels. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Boston, ■^^a9S 
 
 Bavnstaldp ^Mass 
 
 Edgartown, Mass 
 
 Now licdfiird, Mass 
 
 New Loudon, Conn 
 
 Total 
 
 5 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 132 
 
 11 
 
 734. 87 
 
 1, 726. 97 
 
 1, 371. 19 
 
 32. 908. 88 
 
 1, 749. 61 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 117 
 
 794.87 
 1, 052. 81 
 
 891.28 
 
 28,876.66 
 
 1, 186. 60 
 
 173 38, 551. 52 
 
 146 I 32, 802. 22
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 303 
 
 Of the above, 88 per cent, belongs to New Bedford. Fuller tables, 
 showing the various classes of tonnage, may be found in the appendix 
 to this report. 
 
 DIVISION OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES. 
 
 The following statement exhibits the work of this division for the year 
 ended June 30, 1882 : 
 
 The number of warrants registorefl diirinj; the year for civil, diplomatic, mis- 
 cellaneous, internal revenue, ami public debt expenditures and repayments 
 was 24,361 
 
 In the preceding year 2."!, 254 
 
 Decrease 8i>3 
 
 The mimber of warrants registered for receipts from customs, lands, internal 
 
 revenue, direct tax, and miscellaneous sources was 13,362 
 
 In the preceding year 12, 881 
 
 Increase ^ 481 
 
 The number of warrants registered for payments and repayments in the War, 
 
 Navy, and Interior (pension and Indian) Deiiartmeuts was 12,669 
 
 In the preceding year If), 036 
 
 Decrease 2,367 
 
 The number of drafts registered was 33, \[)>^ 
 
 In the preceding year 32, 179 
 
 Increase 1,019 
 
 The number of journal pages required for the entry of accounts relating to the 
 civil, diplomatic, internal revenue, miscellaneous, and public debt receipts 
 and expenditures was 5, 878 
 
 In the preceding year 5,963 
 
 Decrease 85 
 
 The number of certiticates furnished for statements of accounts was 14, 309 
 
 In the preceding year .• 13,341 
 
 Increase 968 
 
 The number of accounts received from the First and Fifth Auditors and Com- 
 missioner of the General Land Othce was 24,094 
 
 Li the preceding year 23,646 
 
 Increase 448 
 
 In the appendix will be found a statement of the receijits and expen- 
 ditures of the government, as required by the standing order of the 
 House of Kei)resentatives of December 30, 17!>1, and section 237 of the 
 Eevised Statutes; also, statements of the money expciulcd and the 
 number of persons employed and the occupation and salary of each 
 person at each custom-house, as required by section 258 of the Kevised 
 Statutes. 
 
 Very respectfullv, vour obedient .servant, 
 
 B. K. BRUCE, Register. 
 Hon. Charles J. Folger, 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury. 
 * * » • • • * • •
 
 EE PORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SECRETARY OF WAR 
 
 War DEPAET3IENT, 
 
 November U, 1882. 
 To tlie President: 
 
 I have the honor to submit the following annual report of the admin- 
 istration of feis department : 
 
 EXPENDITURES, APPROPRIATIONS, AND ESTIMATES. 
 
 The exi^enditures of the War Department for the tiscal year ending 
 June 30, 1882, were as follows: 
 
 Salaries, contingent expenses, and postage $1, 311, 072 70 
 
 Military Establishment — Army and Military Academy 27, 567, 183 44 
 
 Public works 13,12.5,662 94 
 
 Miscellaneous objects 3,345,400 56 
 
 Total 45,349,319 64 
 
 The appropriations for the fiscal year 1883 are as follows: 
 
 Salaries, contingent expenses, and postage ^,231,737 81 
 
 Military Establishment— Army and Military Academy 27, 137, 386 68 
 
 Public works. 22,709,366 56 
 
 Miscellaneous objects 3,583,929 88 
 
 Total 55,662,420 93 
 
 The estimates for the fiscal year 1884, as revised by me, are as follows : 
 
 Salaries, contingent expenses, and postage $2,386,040 03 
 
 Military Establishment — Army and Military Academy 28,901,445 94 
 
 Public works, exclusive of harbors and rivers 4,513,602 64 
 
 Miscellaneous objects 3,096,531 73 
 
 Total 38,897,620 34 
 
 The estimates do not include any items for improving rivers and 
 harbors, or for the work of improving the Mississippi River under the 
 Mississippi River Commission. The estimates of amounts which may 
 be expended during the next fiscal year on these works aggregate 
 $33,889,000. These estimates are prepared and are reac^ for submis- 
 sion when they may be called for. 
 
 304
 
 REPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAE. ^ 305 
 
 To obviate what have lieretofore been called '-special" estimates for 
 buildings at military posts, sul>mitted to Congress from time to time, 
 the sums required for such buildin<2:s have this year, for the first time, 
 been included in the annual estimates. They agfgregate 8 1,0.")!, 859.48. 
 A special report, ]^repared by the General of tlie Army, showing the 
 necessity of the buildings estimated for, accompanies this report. 
 
 The increase of the estimates for salaries and contingent expenses is 
 caused by the augmentation of the clerical force to be engaged upon 
 pension work; fifty new clerks in the Signal Office; the general-service 
 men now estimated for, and all the buildings rented for the AVar Depart- 
 ment bureaus, estimated for as required by the act of August 5, 1882 
 (22 Statutes, 241), the principal item of increase over the appropriations 
 being $66,000 for clerks in the Signal Office. 
 
 The increase of the estimates for the Military Establishment is on 
 account of enlargement of the retired list of the Army, the longe\ity 
 pay to retired officers, and the increased cost of subsistence and quar- 
 termaster's supplies. The item pay of the Military Academy is also 
 increased $30,460 to provide for the cadets under the new Congressional 
 apportionment. 
 
 Estimates for the entire support of the Signal Service are now sub- 
 mitted, and they include all items for amounts now i^aid from Army 
 appropriations and from "line receipts" of military telegraph lines, 
 which would then be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous 
 receipts. 
 
 The several items of increase are more specifically explained by notes 
 in the Book of Estimates. 
 
 THE ARMY. 
 
 The report of the General of the Armyls very interesting. He urges 
 strongly that the limit of the enlisted strength of the Army be fixed at 
 30,000 men instead of 2o,000 men, as now established. No increase in 
 the number of otlicers would be caused, and we would have at each of 
 our numerous posts a force not only larger but more efficient. Our 
 soldiers are overworked, and the companies are too small for discipline 
 or real economy. I again concur in his recommendation. 
 
 The only Indian troubles during the past year occurred in Arizona and 
 the southwestern border of New Mexico, by outbreaks of the Apaches. 
 The military' force in that region has been increased, and it is believed 
 that no further trouble of moment need be apprehended. The General 
 is of opinion, and I agree with him, that the time is at hand at which 
 Congress should make provision lor i)ernuinent and comfortiible posts 
 at important strategic points, so that many hastily and cheaply built 
 posts which have served their purpose as pioneer outworks may be 
 abandoned. 
 
 The General of the Army also recommends, for good reasons, such a 
 change in the Articles of War as will provide for the designation of some 
 one officer at each garrison or post to try and punish soldiers guilty of 
 20 Ab
 
 306 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAJl. 
 
 minor oft>uses, ro ;is to avoid numnrons nnd cuoibrous courts-martial. 
 The olliccr, while j>ertorminj^ Ibis duty, would icseinblf a. police magis- 
 trate, and it is believed that the j)romptuess with which he could act 
 would be very beueticial to discipline. 
 
 There were last year 7,341 eulistmentsaud re-eulistmeiits iu the Army, 
 aud more than half that number of desertions — 3,721 soldiers deserted. 
 Some remedy must be Ibujul fur this trouble, for it is not only very ex- 
 pensive, but is very hurtful to the morale of the Army. The General 
 believes that a partial remedy may be found by increasing the pay to 
 what it was in 180o, that is, $16 ])er month for a private soldier and a 
 proportionate amount for the uon-commissioued officers. When the 
 actual cost of supidying a deserters place is considered, such an in- 
 crease would not cause an e(pm^alent increase iu aggregate public ex- 
 penditures. 
 
 I invite attention to tbe remarks of the General on the subject of pro- 
 viding for such an exchange of stations by regiments that the offi(;eES 
 and men may have an assurance thatwithiu certain periodsjthey will ])e 
 relieved from duty on the remote frontier aud be brought nearer the 
 thickly settled ])arts of the country. 
 
 The Artillery School at Fortress Monroe and the new School of Ap- 
 plication for Infantry and Cavalry at Fort Leavenworth are serving a 
 most useful purpose. Their cost is not more than garrisons of the sajne 
 size, and they are, in fact, only large posts, in which every officer and 
 soldier is, by study and practice, being better fitted for his duties. 
 
 MILITARY ACADEMY. 
 
 At the beginning of the present academic year, the necessities of the 
 military service required such changes in the commands of military de- 
 partments as to give an opportunity^ for abolishing the Department of 
 West Point, and thereby restoring the Academy to its former aud i)roper 
 condition under the law. 
 
 The late Superintendent concurs in the opinion of the Board of 
 Visitors, which is herewith submitted, that the state of discii)liue is all 
 that could be required — not too severe, and yet exacting a prompt and 
 military habit and attention to duty. He also joins in the recommen- 
 dation of the Board of Visitors that a new public. chapel be erected, 
 which is much needed for religious services and for the guiduatiug ex- 
 ercises, which are now held in open air for the want of a hall of sufficient 
 capacity, aud it is thought that $50,000 would accomplish this desirable 
 work. 
 
 adjutant-general's department. 
 
 The Adjutant-General reports an increasing interest in the militia in 
 many States. Whenever requested, the department sends officers ot 
 the Army to State encampments to inspect them and to render such 
 assistance as may properly be given. The State military authorities 
 are furnished with a sufficient number of copies of the new Army Eeg-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 307 
 
 ulations, and it is recommended that the Adjutant-General be author- 
 ized to send out also tactical works, blank forms, and such books pre- 
 scribed ibr the Army as will be useful in perfecting volunteer military 
 organizations. 
 
 The reports of the several officers performing the duties of professors 
 of tactics and military science afibrd proof of the beneficial results to 
 the students of a system blending military instruction with the regular 
 studies of a collegiate course. The average number of pupils at the 
 several military colleges and universities during the past year was 4,060, 
 and, omitting attendance at recitations and lectures on military subjects 
 of interest, the following figures represent the average attendance at 
 drills : Artillery drills, 529 ; infantry drills, 2,504, or nearly two-thirds 
 of the entire number of students. The aptitude" of the pupils is re- 
 ported very satisfactory, while steadily growing interest is manifested 
 by the respective faculties. 
 
 The Adjutant-General renews his recommendation that the law should 
 be so amended as to permit officers at remote posts to emidoy enlisted 
 men for domestic purposes. As has already been said, in many remote 
 places no servants can possibly be obtained, and officers must not only 
 cook their own meals but groom their horses, or violate the law as it now 
 stands. It would seem clear that no officer can habitually do such 
 work and properly supervise his company and command ; and it is re- 
 commended that the law be modified so that, with the consent of the 
 soldier and the approval of the department commander, an officer may 
 be allowed the services of an enlisted man of his immediate command, 
 the pay proper of the soldier being withheld by the government and 
 paid by the officer benefited. 
 
 It is also recommended that there be restored the per diem allowance to 
 officers serving away fromtlieir stations on courts-martial and military 
 boards. In many cases such duty is an exceedingly C-xpeusive burdeu 
 to an officer. 
 
 The Adjutant-General recommends that the beneficial legislation of 
 the last session which substituted civilian clerks for " general service 
 enlisted men" on clerical duty in Washington be extended to include 
 clerks required at the various military headquarters of the Army. 
 
 The calls ux)on the Adjutant-General for information in pension and 
 other claims were more in* number than he could answer. The large 
 number of new clerks are rapidly becoming familiar with the work re- 
 quired, and less delay will occur hereafter. The work of this character 
 done during the year is as follows: 
 
 Number of calls (from all sources) : 
 
 On baud October 1, 1681 23,748 
 
 Received during the year 17(), 361 
 
 200, 099 
 
 Fiuisbcd during the year ini.'JT? 
 
 Remaining on hand October 1, 1662 45,b22
 
 308 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 THE soldiers' HOME. 
 
 Tbe Commissioners of the Soldiers' Homo rei^ort tliat during tlie past 
 year tbe strictest economy in administering its affairs has been necessa- 
 rily practiced. The exi)enses of the Home are increasing by reason of 
 the increase of the number of inmates, ■without any corresponding in- 
 crease in the income. The total receipts during the last year were 
 $125,932.13, and the expenditures 8122,889.60. The number of persons 
 receiving the benefits of the Home on September 30, 1881, was 588, and 
 on September 30, 1882, 023. 
 
 GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.' 
 
 The following is a statement of the number of persons committed to 
 the Government Hospital for the Insane, under the orders of the Secre- 
 tary of War, from October 1, 1881 to October 1, 1882 : 
 
 Officers of the U. S. Army (retired) 1 
 
 Officers of tlie late volunteer service (U. S. Colored troops) 1 
 
 Enlisted men of the U. S. Army 45 
 
 Late soldiers of tbe U. S. Army 8 
 
 Late volunteer soldiers 1 
 
 Inmates of the United States Soldiers' Home 6 
 
 Military prisoners 5 
 
 Employes of the Quartermaster's Department 1 
 
 Hosi^ital matrons , 1 
 
 Total (59 
 
 MILITARY PRISON. 
 
 The conduct of afi'airs at the Military Piison at Fort Leavenworth, 
 Kansas, has been very satisfactoiy during the past year. The number 
 of prisoners on Jnue 30, 1881, was 4-47. During the year 339 prisoners 
 were received, 326 were discharged, 6 escaped, and 1 died, leaving 453 
 in prison on June 30, 1882. 
 
 Work in the prisoif shops has progressed favorably, there having been 
 nmnufactured 52,109 pairs of boots and shoes ; the equivalent of 1,434 
 single sets of harness; 30,000 brooms ; 2,236 barrack chairs; and the 
 necessary packing boxes and crates. Th^ i>risoners have also done 
 much work in building and repairing buildings, and in carrying on the 
 prison farm. 
 
 The regular inspections have been made by the Board of Commis- 
 sioners, at which the condition of the prison and its inmates has been 
 carefully examined and all comi)]aints by luisoners inquired iuto 
 The admirable manner in which this large establishment is governed 
 compels the renewal of my recommendation of last year that the officer 
 in charge shall be given the local rank and the pay and allowances 
 of a colonel, as only a reasonable, return for the service he renders the 
 government.
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 309 
 
 BUREAU OF MILITARY JUSTICE. 
 
 The Judge Advocate General reports the receipt and review at liis 
 bnrean of 1,854 records ol* trials by general courts-martial, and the fur- 
 nishing to the Secretary of War of SOI reports and opinions on ques- 
 tions of law, &:c. There liave also been furnished CGI trans(:rii)ts of pro- 
 ceedings of courts martial for the use of the Pension Bureau and Treas- 
 ury Department ; and to parties tried 238 copies of courts-martial rec- 
 ords, containing D.loG pages, have been supplied. Tlie number of trials 
 of enlisted men by inferior courts received and filed in the different 
 military departments (excepting Arizona, from which no report was 
 received) is stated to be 8,795. 
 
 The necessity of amending the Articles of "War indicated and recom- 
 mended by the Judge- Advocate-General in his last annual report is 
 considered, and the recommendation renewed. 
 
 Extracts from reports of judge-advocates and acting judge-advocates 
 embodying recommendations in various matters pertaining to the ad- 
 ministration of military justice are appended to the report. 
 
 quartermaster's department. 
 
 At the beginning of the last fiscal year there remained in the Treas- 
 ury, as balances applicable to expenses of prior years, the sum of 
 $1,705,296.04; there was appropriated for the year the sum of $11,923,- 
 385.83; the balance undrawn on June 30, 1882, was S 1,182,230.05. 
 
 The Quartermaster-General renews the recommendation that post 
 quartermaster sergeants be enlisted as assistants to the officers detailed 
 from the line to i)erform duty in the Quartermaster's Department, and 
 also that the officers of the line serving as acting assistant quartermas- 
 ters be allowed the same additional compensation — that is, $10 per 
 month — as is allowed line oflicors detailed for duty in the Subsistence 
 Department. The duties are important, and I recommend that the dis- 
 crimination be removed. 
 
 The Army has been, it is believed, i)romptly and comfortably clothed. 
 Improvements in articles of wear were made from time to time, as occa- 
 sion required and the department deemed essential, when the limited 
 appropriation would permit. 
 
 Under the act of jVlarch 3, 1881, old-pattern clothing of considerable 
 value has been transferred to the National Home for Disabled Yolun- 
 teers. 
 
 There was furnished to Indian prisoners of war $4,905.18 worth of 
 clothing and equipage. 
 
 Under the authority of Congress, given in special cases, the Secre- 
 tary of War has made loans of cam]) and garrison equipage, principally 
 tents and flags, to various organizations, at an expense of $4,753.10 for 
 transportation, damage, and loss. The stock of hospital tents has been 
 much used in this way.
 
 310 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 There were purchased 1,3G3 cavalry and artillery horses, the average 
 cost being 133.48; and 641 mules, at average cost of $138.7G, and 49 
 draught horses, at average cost of $195.29, were purchased for the 
 trains. 
 
 There were sold 1,943 horses and 884 mules, the horses for $88,174.05 
 and the mules for $30,3*43.97. The proceeds have been deposited in the 
 Treasury, exceptiiig the small sums received from sales to officers. 
 
 There were on hand July 1, 1881, 20,803 animals, and on June 30, 
 ]882, 18,940. There were issued during the year 119,384 cords of wood 
 and 39,902 tons of coal. 
 
 Forage issues were as follows : 585,578 bushels of corn ; 835,513 bushels 
 of oats; 123,685 bushels barley; 90,584 bushels bran ; 52,814 tons hay ; 
 21 tons fodder; and 2,934 tons straw. 
 
 , The Quartermaster-General again calls attention to the matter of issue 
 of fuel to officers, and earnestly recommends that it should be again 
 made as before the i)assage of the act of June 8, 1878. The present 
 system of purchase by officers is not convenient, and in many cases is a 
 hardship. 
 
 Exhaustive tests have been made of the various domestic and other 
 fuels, and a pamphlet has beeu published by autlioiity of the Secretary 
 of War containing the results. There have been 930 contracts filed for 
 the various articles of supply and for other purposes. There were pur- 
 chased 40 spring wagons, 2 drays, and 25 ambulance wagons. The sup- 
 ply of Army wagons on hand was suflicient for issne during the year. 
 There have been 521 stoves manufactured at the Rock Island Arsenal, 
 costing $7,117.15. The new mode of lighting barracks and quarters has 
 cost $81,100, and is believed to be satisfiictory to the Army generally. 
 There were on file at the beginning of the year 12,707 miscellaneous 
 claims and 304 accounts, and 1,242 claims and accounts were filed during 
 the year. There remained on file July 1, 1882, 12,762 miscellaneous 
 claims and 220 accounts, amounting to $7,072,329.99. ■• 
 
 The Quartermaster's Department moved 07,203 persons, 13,185 ani- 
 mals, and 122,283 tons of material during the year. The cost of these 
 movements was $2,702,052.83; of which $584,459.42 have been paid for 
 transportation of i)ersons; $1,543,980.4(5 for freigh't, «S:c.; and accounts 
 amounting to $033,012.95 were outstanding at the close of the year, a 
 portion of whicli have since been paid. Full statements will be found 
 with the report of the Quartermaster-General, showing the operations 
 to which tlie appropriations for transportation for the year have been 
 applied. 
 
 J invite special attention to the want of an appropriation to pay land- 
 grailt railroads for services rendered during the fiscal year ending June 
 .'50, 1 881 . The act making appropriations for deficiencies, &c., an)roved 
 August 5, 1882, appropriated $125,000 for tlie ])ur])Ose named, bivt. omits 
 to state the year to which it is applicable ; and unfortunately a pro- 
 vision in the law prohibits the use of che money for payment for serv-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. * 311 
 
 ices reiiflercd dnriiii;- tlie year 1880-'S1. Fiirtlier action of Conjjress, 
 it is believed, will be ucces.saiy to make the sum available for the 
 purpose. 
 
 The amount due from railroads for material purchased 
 of the department at the close of the war, remaiiiinj;' 
 unsettled July 1 , 1881,, was $1 , lOG, 4.^4 55 
 
 luterest has accrued duriu^ the year amounting to 42, 4G1 96 
 
 1,148,8'JC 51 
 Credit for services durine; the vear amounte<l to 1 4C 
 
 Leaving- due on June 30, 1882 1 , 148, 895 05 
 
 There have been authori/ce<l 119 new buildiugs, at an estimated cost 
 of $175,950, at military i)osts in tweuty ditlerent States and Territories. 
 Kepairs throughout the country to military buildiugs have cost, it is 
 estimated, $428,508; $4,899 have been expended on account of build- 
 ings for school and religious purposes. Hosi)itals have cost the depart- 
 ment, on account of construction and repair, $74,940. 
 
 At the beginning of the fiscal year there were in the office of the 
 Quartermaster-General, awaiting action, 17,791 claims pi-esented under 
 the act of July 4, 18G4, amounting to $9,570,997.15; and 124 claims, 
 amounting to $142,910.05, which had been presented to military boards 
 and commissious prior to January 1, 1880, were called up during the 
 year. There were 1,389 claims, amounting to $040,037.80, transmitted 
 to the Treasury for an allowance of $290,340.39 ; 1,030 claims, amount- 
 ing to $1,30?,7<»0.82, were rejected ; and 16,890 claims, amounting to 
 $7,771,174.58, were awaiting action on June 30, 1882. 
 
 Under the i>rovisions of the act nuiking appropriations for the legis- 
 lative, executive, and judicial expenses of the government, approved 
 August 5, 1882, for the employment of «'ertaiu clerks, agents, and others 
 in tlffe investigation of claims, twenty-five agents have been appointed 
 by the Secretary of War and sent out by the Quartermaster-General's 
 Office to investigate the claims, and a corps of clerks are enjployed in 
 that office pre] taring the claiuis for final action. 
 
 The Quartermaster-General estimates that, with the present force of 
 agents, the work of investigation of all the claims arisiug under the act 
 of July 4, 1804, for (luaiteruiasti-r's stores can be closed <luriiig rhe two 
 years succeeding the current fiscal year. 
 
 During the year the post cemetery at Saint Augustiue, Fla., wa.s de- 
 clared a natioual military cemetery, makiug 81 such cemeterus now 
 under the care of the Quartermaster's Department, containing the 
 graves of 320,763 persons. The work of i>lacing head-stones at the 
 soldiers' graves in private, village, and city cemeteries, under the ex-. 
 istiug contracts, is nearly coin])leted, V>ut there are nuiny graves in such 
 cemeteries not provided jor. and new contracts will have to be entered 
 into.
 
 312 JU-:i'UK'l' 01' Till'- .SECKKTARV OV ViAtt. 
 
 An abuiulant supply of water lias been brouglit into the Yicksburg 
 Cemetery, and the roadways leadiug to that und to the Fort Scott 
 Cemetery liave been conijdeted. Contracts have l)een let for building" 
 the roads to the ]\lound (.-ity and the Xew Albany Cemeteries, author- 
 ized by Congress, but the work is not yet begun. The improvement of 
 the road leading to the Marietta Cemetery is desirable; and attention 
 is again called to the condition of the road between the Aqueduct Bridge 
 and the Arlington National Cemetery, and it is recommended that the 
 approaches to these cemeteries be improved by appropriations of Con- 
 gress, The l)urial space in the Cypress Hill National Cemetery is now 
 very limited, and it is important that early action be taken to secure 
 additional ground. The purchase of additional ground for the Loudon 
 Park Cemetery, at Baltimore, has been agreed upou, and the question 
 of title is now before the district attorney. 
 
 SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The report of the Commissary-Grenei-al of Subsistence contains the 
 usual statistical information connected with the administration of that 
 branch of the public service. The high price of fresh beef has mate- 
 rially increased the cost of subsisting the enlisted men of the Army, 
 the prices at which contracts for fresh beef for the fiscal year 1883 have 
 been made being from 23 to 36 per cent, greater than the prices of the 
 two preceding fiscal years. 
 
 The special appropriations in February, March, and April, 1882, for 
 the relief of persons rendered destitute by the overflow of the Missis- 
 sippi River and its tributaries were, under the direction of the Secre- 
 tary of War, disbursed by the Subsistence Department in the purchase 
 of food for the suiferers. Within three days after the first appropria- 
 tion was made by Congress, a boat-load of provisions was on its way 
 from Saint Louis, Mo., to the scene of destitution, and further relief was 
 afforded from time to time with promptness, as tlie localities of aufifer- 
 ing became known. The total number of rations furnished was 3,251,- 
 000, at a cost of 8349,958.88. Of these supplies nearly two-thirds were 
 distributed in Louisiana, about one third in Mississippi and Arkansas, 
 and the remainder (182,000 rations) in Missouri, Illinois, Kentucky, and 
 Tennessee. It may be added here that, under the authority of other 
 special acts, tents were furnished at an expense of $9,630.41, and steam- 
 ers owned by the War Department were used in transporting supplies at 
 an expense of $10,457.28, nialdug the total cost of relief $369,355!^7. 
 
 The first issue of supplies was made on February 27, and the last on 
 May 29, and it is believed that for a time more than 100,000 persons 
 had no other available means of subsistence. It is gratifying to state 
 .that althougb the work of supplying the wants of the destitute was 
 done under the most difficult circumstances, and extended from Cairo 
 to New Orleans (a distance of more than 500 miles), and waste was care- 
 fully guarded against by the continuous inspections and telegraphic
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 318 
 
 reports of a number of officers of the Anuy detailed to travel for that 
 ])urpose alone, yet the ascertainment of need and promptness of sup- 
 ply by the Subsistence Department and the thoroughness of distribu- 
 tion in detail, under the direction of State officers, were such that not 
 a single complaint of any character came to the department. 
 
 ^tEDICAL DEPARTilENT. 
 
 The number of deaths of soldiers was 101 fi'om disease and 8!) from 
 wounds, accidents, and injuries; being 10 per 1,000 of mean strength, 
 the fatal results in cases treated being as 1 to 161. 
 
 The total number of official demands upon the Surgeon-General dur- 
 ing the fiscal year for information as to cause of death in the case 
 of deceased soldiers and the hospital record of invalids was 61,630, 
 being 6,590 in excess of similar ai)plications during the previous year; 
 21,408 applications remained unanswered July 1, 1881, making in all 
 83,038 to be disposed of during the year. Search was made and replies 
 furaishedto the proper authorities in 01,079 cases, leaving 21 ,959 cases 
 unanswered. As this is an excess of only 551 cases over the number 
 remaining on hand at the date of last report, it will be seen that al- 
 though the Surgeon-General has not been able to make any permanent 
 decrease in tlie number accumulated dui-ing previous years, he has 
 been able to dispose of an increase of 20,000 cases over that of the last 
 fiscal year, and has very nearly kept pace with the increased require- 
 ments of the Pension Office. 
 
 Since the addition to the clerical force engaged upon pension work 
 in this office provided by the act of March 3, 1881, and mentioned in 
 the last report of the Surgeon-General, there has been not only a con- 
 sideuable increase in the aggregate number of reports furnished to the 
 Commissioner of Pensions, but it is gTatifying to be enabled to report 
 an increase in the number of cases that have been disposed of by the 
 mean number of clerks exclusively employed upon the technical work 
 of searching the hospital records. This increase has risen fully 33 per 
 cent, over and above the average number of cases searched each day 
 by the same force during the previous year; and considering the fact 
 that the meii employed exhibit every degree of aptitude in learning 
 this peculiar and difficult work, the figures will serve to illustrate that 
 with a new force only a gradual acquisition of skill is to be anticipated, 
 and that a proper degree of accuracy and celerity is attained only by 
 great familiarity with these hospital records, supplemented by a special 
 and often protracted course of training. 
 
 A progressive increase is observed in the difficulty of search for 
 record of the hospital treatment of soldiers who served in the late war. 
 As time elapses claimants appear to be more than ever unable to fur- 
 nish definite information concerning the date and place of their treat- 
 ment ; yet this difficulty docs not arise from defective memory alone. 
 Failore on the part of those prepaiing declarations for pensions iu
 
 314 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 pressing? inquiries upon theso important ])oints is tlie cause of much 
 of the delay bitlierto cl)arge<l to tin; Surgeon-General's Office. 
 
 Increasing demand for rei)lies to the Commissioner of Pensions has 
 heretofore prevented the detail of an^' saflicient number of clerks upon 
 the very inijiortant work of copying the large number of worn and 
 mutilated records now on hand, and rapidly accumulating in the Sur- 
 geon-General's Oftice. With the prospective addition to the clerical 
 force, it is intended that this work shall at once be taken up, and the 
 preservation of evidence contained in these important volumes be made 
 secure by their duplication so far as may be practicable and consistent 
 with the object for which the increase of force is provided, viz, the 
 final adjudication of all pension claims within a limited number of 
 years. 
 
 The subject of a complete al]3habetical index of all names lx)rue on 
 the records of this ofiice has been under consideration for several years, 
 but after mature deliberation it is concluded that the task is impossible 
 of accomplishment without an entire suspension of all ordinary busi- 
 ness. 
 
 On the registers-in-chief of hospitals there have been enumerated 
 7,413,847 names of sick, wounded, and deceased soldiers; and when 
 it is considered that these are contained in less than one-fourth of the 
 number of volumes known to be on file, the magnitude of the work 
 projected will be more jilstly appreciated. Of the names above referred 
 to 1,172,122 are now arranged in alphabetical order; l,287,o04 are in- 
 dexed; 146,920 are partially indexed; 534,507 names are arranged in 
 the order of States or regiments; and 70,559 in order of companies; 
 making a grand total of 3,220,012 names that may be said to be filed in 
 convenient shape for e very-day reference. 
 
 Classified returns of wounds and injuries', together with lists of 
 wounded, are reported as ha\ing been received of 10 engagements with 
 hostile Indians, in which 28 soldiers were killed and 22 wounded. 
 
 The money value of medical and hospital supplies issued during the 
 year was $181,333.80. Owing to the exhaustion of the supplies of a 
 durable nature left on hand at the close of the war of the rebellion, an 
 increased api)ropriation will be necessary for the Medical Department 
 during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, and estimates will be sub- 
 mitted accordingly. 
 
 Attention is invited to the law governing the issue of trusses, in the 
 carrying out of whi(;h souje cases of hardship are found. Persons who 
 held commissions as officers and all persons who were disabled previ- 
 ous to the war for the suppression of the rebellion are absolutely, and 
 those disabled subsequently to this war are in-actically, excluded fi'om 
 the benefits of these laws, although these persons are pensioned on ac- 
 count of hernia. 
 
 it is desirable that the issue of trusses shall correspond to the issue 
 of artificial limbs, as was probably the intention of Congress ; that is,
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR, 315 
 
 that Ji truss sliall bo funiisliod to every one who is ruptured in the line 
 of his duty while sei\'iii4J in the Army or Navy. 
 
 The library of the Surgeou-Geueral's OJtice is de\'oted entirely to 
 medicine and its branches, no purchases bein<^ made of books belong- 
 ing to general or miscellaneous literature. The works in it are not 
 du])licated in any other library in Washington, excei)tin^ only those 
 copyright An)erican medical books of which specimens aie deposited 
 with the Libi-nry of Congress. Many of these are also ])rosented to 
 this library, so that this small «luplication causes very little exi)ense. 
 No advantage would accrue hoMi merging this library with any other; 
 its size and imjiortance, and tlie demands made u])on it, being- such as 
 to require the services of a specially skilled medical .officer to make it 
 as usefnl as it sliould be, ajid to i)reserve for it the interest of the 
 me<lical i»rofcssion of the country, to which miu'h of its comjdeteness 
 is due. This library now contains about 57,0011 volimies and (>;',700 
 pamphlets. 
 
 The use of the libiary by the me<lical i)rofession throughout the 
 couutrj' is steadily increasing, and the requests for information made 
 upon it involve much resenrch and extensive correspondence. 
 
 The attention of Congress is again invited to the gieat necessity for 
 a lire-i)roof building suitable for the proper accommodation of the 
 Army Medical Museum collection and the library, which yearly grows 
 more imperative. 
 
 The ])resent building is over-(;rowde(f and unsuitnble for the purposes 
 intended, while its general insecurity ag:;iinst accident and tire places 
 in extreme jeopardy collections which, if destroyed, would be an irre- 
 parable loss not only to the United States but to the world. 
 
 The museum has attained a world-wide celebrity, is second to none 
 in the number and value of specimens illustrating- militujy .surgery and 
 the diseases of armies, while its sphere of ])ra(!tical usefulness to the 
 medical piolession of the country is unlimited. It is therefore hoped 
 that Congress may be induced to apprecMate its great value and import- 
 ance and provide lor the tire-i)roof building required to jdace the collec- 
 tions beyond the chance of loss oi- injury. 
 
 PAY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Paymaster-deneral re])orts that all money on hand at the 
 end of the last fiscal year, and since received, amounting;, in all, to 
 .Sl5,13L*,2ir».r)7, is accounted for witliout loss. 
 
 lie recomnuMids the re]»eal of the provision in the act of July 24, 187G, 
 which forbids i)ayMient of mileage over land-grant railr<»ads. ISlileage 
 is an allowance to ollicers to cover necessary expenses while traveling- 
 in the performance of their duties. The actual cost of transjHU'tation 
 forms only apart oi' (hesc expenses; the othei-sgoon whether tht^y travel 
 over a land-grant road or not. With the nu'asuie of allowan<'e now re- 
 duced to a minininm, it causes loss and inconvenience to ollicers to be
 
 316 liErOK'T OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 compelled to bear the otlior exix-iisi'S incidont to their travelin;;- without 
 reimburseineiit, while the .small advantaj^e aecrning therefrom to the 
 United States is inconsiderable. 
 
 It is desirable that ])aymastors should be notilied within a reasonable 
 period, say ojw year, from the time payments are actually made, of the 
 condition of their accounts in the hands of the Auditor and Comptroller. 
 It is not unusual for two years and over to elapse before they are noti- 
 lied of errors ; meantime, oHicers who should refund may have dictl, 
 resigned, or been discharged the service. 
 
 The enlisted men of the Army still continue, to a large extent, to 
 avail tliemselves of the benefits of the deposit system, and it is believed 
 that its influence tends to encourage habits of economy and check deser- 
 tion. The system has been in operation forten years, and during that 
 time the sum of $3,813,081.78 has been received on deposit. The repay- 
 ments during the same period amount to $2,766,613.27, leaving at the 
 close of the fiscal year the sum of $1,046,468.51 still on deposit. While 
 the amount deposited last year (8448,566.83) was less than the amount 
 deposited during the previous year, it is noticed that the average amount 
 of each deposit is larger and the number of deposits less. 
 
 It is good policy, I think, to encourage small deposits, and to that 
 end I would recommend that the act of May 15, 1872, be so amended as 
 to allow interest on the minimum deposit ($5) from the date of deposit, 
 provided it shall be deposited six months prior to date of discharge. 
 The signal success which has attended the operations of the act of May 
 15, 1872, establishing a system of deposits for enlisted men, prompts 
 me to recommend that the benefits of that act be extended to the com- 
 missioned officers of the Army. 
 
 ENGINEER BUREAU. 
 
 Attention is invited to that part of the report of the Chief of Engi- 
 neers which refers to our sea-coast defenses. I fully concur in his view 
 that we have too long neglected the question of providing for the safety 
 of our harbors and maritime cities, our navy yards, and arsenals of sup- 
 ply in case of foreign war. It is to be hoped that such war is fiir dfs- 
 tant, but we should impress ourselves with the fact that in these days 
 wars often come suddenly and when least expected. If armies alone 
 could prevent the destruction of maritime cities by hostile iron-clad 
 fleets, or if the defenses could be improvised in a few weeks or months, 
 the question of defense might perhaps be deferred ; but armies without 
 the aid of fortifications and their accessories are powerless against such 
 fleets, and modern sea-coast defenses require many years for their con- 
 struction. 
 
 I also invite attention to that part of the report of the Chief of Engi- 
 neers which speaks of the needs of our torpedo system, and the impor- 
 tance of providing means for connecting our torpedo lines with the
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 317 
 
 iDstruments used for firing them, wbich must be placed withiu our for- 
 tifications on shore. Such meaus exist only in a few of our harbors. 
 
 I concur also in his judgment respecting an increase of the strength 
 of the Engineer Battalion to 520 men, the minimum number consistent 
 with reasonable efficiency. As stated in my last annual report, the 
 work of engineer troops is more technical than is required in any other 
 ])art of the Army ; and while this is so, they are regular soldiers, thor- 
 oughly instructed in infantry tactics, and are as available in an emer- 
 gency as any other troops of the line for any duty that may be required 
 of soldiers. On our torpedo service much will depend iu future wars, 
 and 520 men in training for that service, for all our coasts and all our 
 harbors, seems but a small number, and the desire of the Chief of En- 
 gineers for an increase of 320 men above the 200 to which the battalion 
 is limited by orders, under the reduction of the Army to 25,000 men. is 
 a reasonable one, and should be granted. No increase of officers is nec- 
 essary; simply a provision of law authorizing the recruitment of the 
 Engineer Battalion by the number necessary to raise its strength to 520 
 enlisted men, this number to be in addition to the 25,000 men who now 
 constitute the entire Army. The maximum strength of the battalion, 
 as authorized by existing law, is 752, or 232 more than the strength 
 recommended. 
 
 The funds with which the works for the improvement of rivers and 
 harbors were prosecuted during the past fiscal year were derived from 
 the appropriations of the act of March 3, 1881, and balances remaining 
 unexpended of previous appropriations, the total amount available for 
 expenditure on July 1, 1881, being 816,379,020.87. 
 
 For information relating to the improvements in progi'ess reference 
 may be made to the report of the Chief of Engineers, which contains 
 a detailed account of the steps taken to can-y out the provisions of law 
 and of the progress and condition of these M'orks. 
 
 As regards the surveys of rivers and harbors called for by the act of 
 August 2, 1882, the preliminary examinations are iu progress, as re- 
 quired and provided for in that act, to ascertain and determiue which 
 of the localities enumerated are worthy of impro\'ement and the work 
 a public necessity, and such surveys as may be found to come within 
 the provisions of the act Avill be at once undertiiken. The reports 
 thereon will be submitted to Congress from time to time during the 
 ensuing session as far as received. 
 
 Preliminary arrangements are still incomplete and in progress under 
 the direction and supervision of Mr. ]\r. J. Adams, the inventor, for 
 maldng a practical test of a flume for increasing the depth of water in 
 the Mississippi, for which the sum of $20,000 was provided by act of 
 March 3, 1879, and a further sum of $8,000 by act of August 2, 1882. 
 
 A report upon the progress made since Jaiuiary, 1881, by the Mis- 
 sissippi River Commission in carrying out the work intrusted to it 
 was transmitted to Congress December 14, 1881. The subsequent pro-
 
 318 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 gress of that important work will be made the subject of a special com- 
 munication to Congress at an early period of the ensuing session. 
 
 The final report on tlio survey of the northern and northwestern lakes 
 has been completed, and is now in the hands of the printer. 
 
 Office work has been continued in completing the maps and rei)orts 
 connected with the survey of the territory of the United States west of 
 the one hundredth meridian. Seven atlas sheets have been finished. 
 
 In the different military divisions and departments eight officers of 
 the Corps of Engineers are employed in making surveys ; in collecting 
 and compiling notes, sketches, and maps made by officers of the Army 
 on their scouts and campaigns. In this way the maps required for the 
 use of the War Department are perfected, and for many localities these 
 War Department maps are the only ones that are available for the use 
 of other Executive Departments and Congress. Tliere is a great demand 
 for them from citizens for use in the location of railroads, mines, and 
 valuable lands. 
 
 The appropriation of $50,000 to be used in continuing these surveys, 
 and for publication of maps for the use of the War Dejiartment, is earn- 
 estly recommended. 
 
 IMPROVEMENT OF THE SOUTH PASS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 
 
 The last annual report from this department brought the history of this 
 work to August 13, 1881. During the three quarters from August 14, 
 1881, to May 13, 1882, botli dates inclusive, the channel required by 
 law was maintained without interruption. During the fourth quarter, 
 from May 14, 1882, to September 9, 1882, both dates inclusive, there 
 were excluded from computation twenty-seven days in which the re- 
 quired depth of channel was not maintained. 
 
 Four quarterly payments of $25,000 each for maintenance, and two 
 semi-annual payments of $25,000 each for interest on the $1,000,000 
 retained, have accordingly been made to Mr. Eads. The total expen- 
 ditures of the government up to the latter date, on account of this 
 improvement, is $4,700,000. 
 
 ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The report of the Chief of Ordnance shows that on June 30, 1882, 
 there were on hand 53,542 small arms, as a reserve supply, being an in- 
 crease of about l(j,000 during the year. 
 
 The Springfield breech-loading arms still continue to give satisfaction 
 to the Army. As a single breech-loader for troops it has no superior, 
 and it is confidently believed that it will hold its place until it is super- 
 seded bj' a magazine gun. 
 
 Congress at its last session provided for the manufacture or purchase 
 of a limited number of magazine guns, should any be recommended 
 by the board then in session and authorized by the previous Congress. 
 That board assembled on the 5th of July, 1881, and continued in ses- 
 sion until September 30, 1882— a period of fifteen months — when its
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 319 
 
 report -was submitted. Forty guiis on thirteen dififerent systems, some 
 being duplicates or modifications of others, were tried by the board 
 and subjected to certain tests. These forty guns were finally reduced 
 to six, which were put through severe supplementary tests, and the 
 three guns that stood all the tests most successfully and satisfactorily 
 were rcconiracnde<l as "suitable for the military service." The guns, 
 recommended in the order named, are the Lee, the Chaflee-Keece, and 
 the Hotchkiss, and they represent the different systems of the detacha- 
 ble and fixed magazines. 
 
 These recommendations of the board have been approved by me, 
 au<i steps will be taken to provide the guns as soon as the necessary 
 information is obtained upon Avhich to take action. 
 
 To increase the interest in target practice, the department has pro- 
 vided suitably inscribed gold and silver medals, to be awarded to the 
 successful marksmen in the department, division, and Army contests — 
 to become the absolute property of the winners. These medals are 
 prepared at the Philadelphia Mint, and are very creditable in design 
 and finish, and will, no doubt, give the greatest satisfaction to the 
 recipients and the Army. The last medals ordered are promised in 
 three months, the preparation of the dies being delayed by other more 
 important work. Xext year, and thereafter, the medals Mill be ready 
 before the contests begin, and their delivery to the successful men nuiy 
 be made on the spot. 
 
 The very important question of arming our fortifications has received 
 much attention during the past year. The Chief of Ordnance submits 
 several reports of the Ordnance Board on tests and proofs of guns and 
 projectiles. 
 
 The four 12-inch rifles that were contracted for under act of IVIay 4, 
 1880, have not been made. The design contemplated guns of cast- 
 iron, with wrought-iron tubes and steel breech receivers, on the Krupp 
 system. These receivers had to bo ordered from abroad, but when re- 
 ceived and carefully tested, the metal not being uj) to the standard, 
 they were rejected. Further work on the preparations for making the 
 guns was suspended, to await the report of the Getty Board and the 
 action of Congress on the board's recommendations. 
 
 The "act making appropriations for fortifications aiul other works 
 of defense, and for the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending 
 June lU), 1882, and for other i)urposes," approved ]\Iareh 3, 18S1, 
 provides: 
 
 And the Prosidont. is iiutlimizcd to Boloct a l)oard, to consist of ono engineer officer, 
 two ordnance officers, and two olliccra of artillery, wlioso duty it sliail be to make ex- 
 aminations of all inventions of heavy ordnance and improvements of lieavy ordnance 
 and ])rojectilf,s that may he presented to them, inclnding gnus now Ijcinsx constrnctod 
 or converted nndiir direction of llie Ordnance Bnrean ; and said hoard shall make de- 
 tailed report to the Secretary of War, for transmission to Congress, of such examina- 
 tion, with recommendation as to what inventions are worthy of actual test, and the 
 ostitnated cost of such tost; and the sum of twenty-tivo thousand dollars, or so much 
 thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated for auch purpose.
 
 320 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 Fnder this act a board was convened, and after laborious sessions, 
 extending through ten months, made its report May 18, 1882. The 
 board, in its report, recommendeti for trial, and for construction and 
 trial, ten guns, which are described in the report of the Chief of Ord- 
 nance. This report was transmitted to Congress May 29, ]882, but no 
 action was taken by Congress at its last session to carry out the recom- 
 mendations of the board. These recommendations are now before 
 CoHgress for its action, and it is considered that the recent appointment 
 by the Senate of a select committee "to take into consideration the 
 subject of heavy ordnance and projectiles for the armament of the 
 Navy and the sea-coast defenses," and who are to report "to the Senate 
 at its next session," make it proper for the department to await the 
 action of Congress before entering on the manufacture or conversion of 
 heavy cannon. 
 
 With the very pressing need for sea-coast armament constantly before 
 us, it should seem exi^edient to take every advantage of our own re- 
 sources to help provide for our wants. It will doubtless be practicable 
 for us to produce rifled guns of Tnoderaie power even from cast-iron, 
 provided the cast-iron be suitably strengthened with steel hoops — or, 
 better, with hoops on the exterior and a steel tube on the interior. 
 Such guns, however, are very heavy in proportion to their power. The 
 substitution of steel wire for the hoops would seem to be an advan- 
 tageous modification, and its trial, as recommended by the board, 
 promises important results. A similar plan is now being tried with 
 experimental cast-iron guns, in France. 
 
 It is the opinion of the Chief of Ordnance that the material out of 
 which, full-power guns must be made is unquestionably steel. He says: 
 
 All the firsfc-class powers of Europe have adopted it. Even those that have spent 
 more millions than we have thousands in the effort to deteiTaine on the most reliable 
 metal for gun construction are abandoning cast and wrought iron, either simple or in 
 combination with other metals, and are now devoting their attention to steel, and to 
 steel alone. The marvelous strides in gun construction made within a year or two in 
 the manufacture of guns of great strength and high power, point to the conclusion that 
 erjcouragemen fc should be given in every way possible to the manufacture of steel in 
 large masses suitable for this piU^DOse. At present tentative efforts have developed but 
 little to encourage the hope that steel guns for coast defense can be produced in this 
 country. The use of wire-wound guns, if they prove as successful as recent experi- 
 ments here and abroad make us hope, will greatly simplify the problem by limiting the 
 number and size of the steel masses needed, while the wire itself can be now procured 
 from our own manufacturers. Under the most favorable circumstances, however, the 
 country is in no condition at this time to undertake such construction wholly out of 
 home products, and the subject is of sufiScient importance to arrest the att«ntion and 
 receive the careful consideration of Congress. This subject can only be successfully 
 met either by establishing a national foundry or by assisting and encouraging private 
 foundries to procure the necessary plant and experience. 
 
 The report, by the commanding officer of the Watertown Arsenal, 
 of tests of iron and steel, and other materials for industrial purposes, 
 made during the last fiscal year, has been received, and will be sub-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 321 
 
 mitted for transmission to Congress at tli<^ opening of the next session, 
 ys provided by law. 
 
 The results given by the testing machine are for the benefit of the 
 whole country, and the people should be permitted to utilize the results 
 as fast as they are obtained. This can only be effected by their imme- 
 diate publication, and it is recommended that this be authorized. 
 
 To more completely arm and equip the whole body of the militia, as 
 conteniplated by the act of 1808, making an annual a])propriation of 
 $200,000, that amount should be largely increased. The bill (S. 159G) 
 reported from the Senate Committee on Military Aflairs, and now on 
 the calendar, provides for a substantial increase to this appropriation, 
 and contains other important provisions which it is believed would 
 resnlt in the greatest benefit to the militia. 
 
 Our standing Army is a small one. For the defense of the country 
 our main de])endence is on our militia. Volunteer organizations in every 
 State and Territory should be encouraged, and every efitbrt made to 
 promote their efficiency in drill and discipline and make them skillful 
 in the use of their arms. It is the best way, and the only way, to ren- 
 der them a sure and safe reliance on the breaking out of war before 
 campaigning has inured them to hard ser^'ice and disciplined them into 
 old soldiers. 
 
 It is earnestly recommended that the special attention of Congress 
 be invited to this subject, in order that the bill above quoted may re- 
 ceive favorable consideration at the ensuing session. 
 
 REPORT OF THE CHIEF SIGNAL, OFFICER. 
 
 The Weather Bureau continues the work of which a summary was 
 given in my last report. Additional work of a similar character has 
 during the year been undertaken, 'and its field of operations is con- 
 stantly being extended. Full details will be fouiul in the report of the 
 Chief Signal Officer. 
 
 The school of instruction for Signal Service enlisted men has been 
 maintained at Fort IMyer, near Washington, but the sending to it of 
 officers of the Army for instruction has been discontinued, for the 
 reason that no considerable number of officers could bo spared from 
 their military duties for the purpose ; and it is thought that enough 
 military signaling for Army uses can be taught at West Point, the 
 Artillery School at Fortress Monroe, and the Cavalry and Infantry 
 School at Fort Leavenworth, as an incidental study, without separating 
 officers from their commands. 
 
 Two Arctic exi)editi()ns were sent out in the summer of 1881, under 
 the direction of the Chief Signal Officer. These expeditions were sent 
 to establish stations for the carrying out of the first systematic plan 
 ever put in operation for the study of the meteorology of the extreme 
 north. 
 
 An international geographical congi-ess held at Hamburg in 1879, at 
 LM Ab
 
 322 RErORT OF Tin5 SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 wlii(;li (l«'U'g;ite8 were i)resent fiom France, GeriDjiDy, Kussia, Austria, 
 and Hungary, ])enniaik, the Nctlieilands, and Norway and Sweden, 
 adopted a plan for this work. At a subsequent congress held at St. 
 Petersburg-, in August, 1881, the details were arranged, and assurances 
 were given that the countries interested would co-operate. 
 
 The station at Point Barrow is at the most northern point of Alaska, 
 in latitude 71° 27' K., longitude loCP 15' W. The party consists of 
 First Lieut. P. H. Ray, Eighth Infantry, one acting assistant surgeon, 
 three enlisted men, and five civilian employes. The exi)edition sailed 
 from San -Francisco on July 18, 1881, and readied the station on Sep- 
 tember 8th following. The station i« supplied with an abundance of 
 stores, and everything needful for the prosecution of the work under- 
 taken, provided the sujjplies shall be renewed each year. 
 
 The station at Lady Franklin Bay is the most northern one in the 
 chain of international posts of observation. It is in latitude IST. 81° 44', 
 AV. 04° 30'. The party consists of three ofQcers of the Arniy, one 
 acting assistant surgeoa and naturalist, and eighteen enlisted men, 
 and is umler the command of First Lieut. A. W. Greely, Fifth Cavalry, 
 acting signal oflicer and assistant. 
 
 During the first session of the 47th Congress an act was passed (act 
 of June 27, 1882) appropriating $33,000 for the supply and relief of 
 Lieutenant Greely and party. The supply expedition was promptly 
 sent, but the vessel was prevented b}- ice from communicating with 
 the party, and returned, after depositing a large quantity of stores in 
 a manner which had been agreed upon with Lieutenant Greely, in 
 anticipation of such a failure. A relief expedition must be sent next 
 summer, and an appropriation therefor is urgently recommended. 
 
 About five thousand miles of militarj' telegraph lines and six hun- 
 dred and ten miles of sea-coast telegraph lines are operated by the 
 Chief Signal Officer. 
 
 The total number of stations in operation June 30, 1882, within the 
 territory of the United States, and maintained for the Signal Service, 
 was 495, including those upon the telegraph lines in charge of this 
 office and the special river, cautionary display, cotton-belt, and sunset 
 stations, from which reports are regularl}' received. E,e])orts are re- 
 ceived from eighteen additional stations established by the authorities 
 of the Dominion of Canada ; also from one at St. John's, Xew Found- 
 laud, and one at York Factory, British America. Telegraphic reports 
 have been regularly received throughout the year from one, and mail 
 reports from two, stations located in the West Indian Islanils, and 
 during the season of tropical storms telegraphic reports were received 
 from five stations in this region. The number of stations from which 
 telegraphic reports are received daily is one hundred and fifty-two. 
 Eleven full reporting stations have been established and nine discon- 
 tinued during the year. Storm signals have been displayed during 
 the year.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 323 
 
 The Chief Signal Officer renews his recommendation of a distinct 
 organization sufficiently large to perform the work of the Weather Bu- 
 reau. In this object I concur with him ; but for reasons, some of which 
 are set forth in my report of last year, I recommend that the "VTeather 
 Bureau be wholly separated from the Army and from its appropriations. 
 As a step in tliis direction, and in accordance with the provisions of 
 tJie act of August 7, 1882, the estimates for the next fiscal year will be 
 submitted asking for the sum of $1,351,159.08 to carry on the work of 
 this bureau, which has heretofore been largely paid for out of the various 
 appropriations for the support of the Army. It is said that for the 
 proper conduct of the work military discipline is necessary. To this it 
 may be replied that there is no more reason for weather observers being 
 subject to the Articles of War than there is for the numerous and 
 widely scattered employes of the Treasury, Post-Oflice, and Interior 
 Departments, or the agents of express and telegraph companies being 
 so subject ; and in fact, out of the number of persons — 9G0 in all — actu- 
 ally employed in May, 1882, in this work, 388 were civilians, and, in ad- 
 dition, there were in the year 1881 about 325 voluntary observers iu 
 regular correspondence with the Chief Signal Officer. 
 
 RECORDS OF THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 Five volumes of this work have now been published j seven volumes 
 are in the hands of the printer, nearly completed, and succeeding volumes 
 are being prepared as rapidly as possible. 
 
 MONUMENT AT TORKTOWN. 
 
 Since my last report the title to the land for the monument directed 
 by the act api)roved June 7, 1880, to be erected at Yorktown has been 
 approved, and the land purchased and cession thereof granted by the 
 State of Virginia, as required by the act. These proceedings have been 
 so much delayed that, although the work of preparing to build the 
 monument is now in active progress, nothing has since been done at 
 the site. 
 
 BUILDING FOR STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEFARTIMENTS. 
 
 The co'istruction of this building, for the accommodation of the State, 
 War, and Navy Dopartmonts, was conllnod during t]i»> year to the north 
 A\ iiig excliusively — one of tlie portions of tlie building to be used by the 
 War Dei)artment. The work has been pushed along rapidly and satis- 
 factorily, and is now in such an advanced stage that its completion — 
 except the approaches — and occupancy by DeciMuber 25, next, is an- 
 ticipated. 
 
 The necessity f<u' the early conii)l<'tion of the west and center wings 
 is evident, and the estimate of $500,(>()(J for the fiscal year ending .luno 
 oO, 1881, to be api)lied to the work of clearing the site, laying founda-
 
 324 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 lions, iiiul l)iiil(ling the w:\\\k of tlie lower stories, and to prevent delay 
 or intorniption in tlio preparation of tlio granite, is rcoonnnonded for 
 favoraI)lc consideration. 
 
 RETIREMENT OF OFFICERS OF THE ARMY. 
 
 Under the act of Congress approved June 18, 1878, the letired list is 
 limited to 400. By the act approved June 30, 1882, making appropria- 
 tions for the support of tlio Army for the current fiscal year, it is pro- 
 vided, in substance, that an officer who has served in the Army 40 years 
 shall, if he make api^lication therefor, be placed on the retired list, and 
 that when an officer reaches the age of 64 years he shall be placed on the 
 retired list ; and that "no act now in force shall be so construed as to 
 limit or restrict the retirement of officers as herein provided for." In 
 (jouse<juence of the number of retii-ements caused by what is called the 
 G4-year provision, the total number of officers on the retired list is about 
 420, being largely in excess of the limit fixed by the act of 1878. It is the 
 opinion of the Attorney-General that, under existing laws, so long as 
 there are 400 officers on the retired list, from whatever cause they may 
 have been retired, no officer can be placed on that list except one who 
 belongs to one or the other of the classes mentioned in the act of 1882. 
 This condition of affiiirs is very unfortunate for the Army 5 for there are 
 now 102 officers on the active list who are incapacitated for active ser- 
 ^'ice; 18 of them have already been recommended for retirement by 
 boards instituted to examine them. All, or nearly all, of the others who 
 are named as unfitted for service would be so recommended if called 
 before a retiring board. Their absence from duty is not only hurtful to 
 the Army, but imposes an undue share of company work upon the offi- 
 cers on duty. 
 
 It is earnestly recommended that the laws be so amended as to avoid 
 the existing difficulty. 
 
 HEAVY ARTILLERY MILITIA. 
 
 Massachusetts was the only State which took advantage of the pro- 
 visions of section 2 of the act of May 19, 1882, which reads as follows: 
 
 Sec. 2. That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized, at his discretion, to issue, 
 ou the requisition of a governor of a State bordering on the sea or gnll" coast, and hav- 
 ing a. permanent camping-ground for the encampment of the militia, not less than six 
 days annually, two heavy guns and four mortars, -with carriages and platforms, if such 
 can be spared, for the proper instruction and practice of the militia in heavy artillery 
 drill, and for this purpose a suitable battery for these cannon ■will be constructed; and 
 for said construction and the transportation of said cannon, and so forth, the sum of 
 live thousand dollars is hereby appropriated for supplying each State that may so 
 ajjply. 
 
 The department complied with the requisition of the governor, made 
 under the act, and, while no official report has been received, I am ad- 
 vised that the State authorities are highly satisfied with the result of 
 their effort to train the jnilitia and to prepare them for what might be
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRET.SRY OP WAR. 325 
 
 a most important duty, and one which tliey might be suddenly called 
 upon to perform. 
 
 INTRUSION INTO THE INDIAN COUNTRY. 
 
 During' the past few years the military forces have been called upon 
 many times to expel one Payne and his followers from the Indian Ter- 
 ritory. Twice during the present year has his settlement been broken 
 up, and the department is liable at any time to be called u[)on to set 
 on foot anotlier expensive military expedition against him and his 
 party. The only penalty for his offense is the line which may be im- 
 posed under section 2148 of the Revised Statutes. As I stated in my 
 last rex)ort he cares nothing for its imposition, as it cannot be collected. 
 It is a very important that an amendment, providing for imprisonment, 
 should be made. Such an amendment would prevent his vexatious 
 raids and save a large amount of money now expended in reuK)ving 
 him several times a year. 
 
 EDUCATION IN THE ARMY. 
 
 Chaplain Mullius, the officer in charge of education in the Army, 
 reports that considerable progress has been made in the work of organ- 
 izing and establishing post schools and reading rooms, and that a con- 
 stantly growing interest in their success has been exhibited by both 
 officers and enlisted men. The average attendance at post scliools of 
 enlisted men during the year was 1,58G, and of children of officers, 
 enlisted men, and civilians, 1,769; an increase of G7i in the first ot 
 these classes, and of 379 in the latter class. The most pressing neces- 
 sity for giving effect to a successful educational system in the Army is 
 a supply of competent teachers, the experiment of detailing enlisted 
 men for such duty having proved unsatisfactory and embarrassing. 
 The recommendation made by me in my last annual report that statu- 
 tory authority be given for tlie enlistment of 150 competent instructors, 
 wifh the rank and pay of commissary sergeants, is renewed. Such a 
 measure was fiivorably reported upon by the House Military Committee 
 at the last session of Congress, which it is hoped may be enacted into a 
 law at an early day. 
 
 The libraries and post reading-rooms have been kei)t well 8upi)lied, 
 and their benelits fairly appreciated. The niunber of volumes in all 
 the libraries is 45,709, an increase of 1,8L'0 during the year. 
 
 In closing this report I beg that the attention of Congress may be 
 specially invited to the estimate for salaries of employ(?s in the office 
 of the Secretary. About $0,000 increase over the appropriations for 
 the current year is asked to make the compensation of the chief clerk, 
 disbursing clerk, chiefs of divisions, assistant chiefs of divisions, and 
 stenographer coinniensurat(M\ ith the arduous duties perturmcd by them. 
 From personal observation 1 am satisfied that they deserve recognitiou
 
 326 REPORT OP •the secretary op war. 
 
 for tlieir faithful services, and I earnestly recommend that the small 
 increase asked maybe appropriated. The business of the department 
 has been constantly increasing during the last ten years, and the aug- 
 mentation of the clerical force for work relating to pensions has de- 
 volved upon the chief clerk and principal clerks in this oflice very 
 great labor, and it is no more than just that they should be given com- 
 pensations somewhat approaching those of ofi&cers performing similar 
 duties iu the other Executive Departments. 
 
 BOBEllT T. LINCOLN, . 
 Secretary of War.
 
 PAPERS 
 
 ACCOMPANYING 
 
 THE REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 EEPOET OF THE GENERAL OF THE AllMY. 
 
 Headquarters Army of the United States, 
 
 WasJtington, B. C, November 6, 1882. 
 
 Sir : I now have the honor to submit this my annual report for the past 
 year. 
 
 Prehminary thereto I first invite your attention to the following in- 
 closures : 
 
 1st. Annual report of Adjutant-General Drum, embracing the usual 
 tables, " organization of the Array," " actual strength of the same," 
 " distribution of the trooi)S," "list of the existing military divisions, de- 
 partments, and posts," "casualties," "assignment of recruits," &c. 
 
 2d. Annual report of Inspector-General Sacket. 
 
 3d. lieport of Lieutenant-General Sheridan, commanding Military 
 Division of the Missouri, including — 
 
 3 A. — lieport of Brigadier-General Terry, Department of Dakota, with 
 snb-rt'port of Colonel linger, of the district of Montana. 
 
 3 B. — Report of Brigadier-General Crook, Department of the Platte. 
 
 3 C. — Report of Brigadier-General Pope, De])artment of the Missouri. 
 
 3 D. — Report of Brigadier-General Augur, Department of Texas. 
 4th. Report of JMajor-General Hancock, commanding ^Military Divis- 
 ion of the Atlantic, including — 
 
 4 A. — Report of Brevet Brigadier-General Hunt, Department of the 
 South. 
 
 5th. — Report of Major-General McDowell, commanding ^Military Div- 
 Bion of the Pacific-, with inclosure marked 5 A A, and including — 
 
 5 A. — Report of Major-General McDowell, Department of California. 
 5 B. — Reportof Brigadi(?r-General Miles, Department of the Columbia. 
 5 C. — Report of Brevet Brigadier-General Willcox, Department of 
 
 Arizona. 
 
 Cth. Report of Brigadier-General Howard, Department of West Point 
 and the Military Academy. 
 
 7th. Report of Brevet Major-General Getty, Artillery School at Fort 
 ^Monroe, Va. 
 
 Sth. Report of Colonel Otis, Twentieth Infantry, School of Applica- 
 tion at Fort Leavenworth, Kans. 
 
 These reports are full, c()m]»lcte, most interesting, and contain full 
 data for a good understanding of the actual conditit)n of tlM> Ainiy, and 
 of the public events of which they treat. They are, however, so volu- 
 minous that to save you the labor oi' jx'rusal at this busy moment, 1 
 will endeavor to give the material figures and facts in the most con- 
 densed form. 
 
 The first table i)rej)ared by the Adjutant-Ceneral gives the organiza- 
 tion of the Army as prescribed by law. The second the actual strength 
 
 327
 
 32S PAPERS ACCOMPANYING TlfE 
 
 of the Army from returns of June .'50 last, which may be assumed as 
 approximate now : 
 
 General ofHocrs 11 
 
 Adjutant-Goiioriil's Dopailmont (officers) 17 
 
 In.sp«clor-G(MH'rar.s Dopartinont (officers) 5 
 
 linrcan of Military Justice (ot'ticers) H 
 
 Subsistence Dei)artnient (officers) 20 
 
 Quartermaster's Department (ol'licers) (i'.i 
 
 Medical Department, 190 otificers, 148 stewards; total X)H 
 
 Pay Department (officers) ;'>;{ 
 
 Corps of Engineers, 108 officers, 193 men; total _ 301 
 
 Ordnance Department, (>0 officers, 395 men ; total 4r)o 
 
 Signal Corps, 7 officers, 480 men ; total 487 
 
 Post cbaplains (olticers) 25 
 
 Thus there are in the general staff 573 officers and 1,210 enlisted men, 
 of wliich latter body the Engineer Battalion of 193 men, at Willets 
 Point, N. Y., is alone available for military service; the remainder, 
 though eminently necessary, are not subject to orders as armed men. 
 
 The Army proper consists of — 
 
 Ten regiments of cavalry, 431 officers and 6,383 enlisted men ; total, 
 6,814. 
 
 Five regiments of artillery, 280 officers and 2,493 enlisted men; total. 
 
 Twenty-five regiments of infantry, 877 oflSicers and 8,117 enlisted men ; 
 total, 10,767. 
 
 Indian scouts, 300. 
 
 Thus the line of the Army is composed of 1,588 officers and 17,293 en- 
 listed men, or an aggregate of 18,881. 
 
 Other detachments are reported, which are unquestionably incident 
 to all military establishments, but are unavailable to us for actual frou' 
 tier duty, viz : 
 
 Commissary sergeants 148 
 
 Ordnance sergeants 114 
 
 West Point detachments 204 
 
 Guard at raflitary prison '■''■'> 
 
 Recrnits at depots and en route 1,79(> 
 
 Captain (unattached) 1 
 
 Total unavailable 2,310 
 
 These figures swell the grand aggregate to 2,162 officers and 23,024 
 enlisted men, which compose the Regular Army of to-day. The limit of 
 25,000 enlisted men is fixed bylaw, but the fear of exceeding this limit, 
 or the difficulty of enlisting men in these prosperous times, has kept 
 the Army below what the honor or necessity of the country demands, 
 and I most earnestly advise that this limit be changed to 30,000, not 
 with the expectation of reaching that limit, but to approximate it, and 
 thereby make the Army^ more efficient without material increase of cost. 
 The experience of the world is that of an organized army not ihore 
 than 06 per cent, can be had for actual battle or field service, and as* 
 experience demonstrates that 25,000 soldiers are needed for the wants 
 of the country, I ask for a number which will produce that result. At 
 present our soldiers are overworked, the companies are too small for 
 discipline or decent appearance, and 1 honestly believe that the Army 
 has earned by actual service this amount of consideration from the 
 countiy. 
 
 The Army as thus composed is distributed to nine departments, com- 
 manded by one major-general, the six brigadier-generals, and one colo- 
 nel specially designated by the President, and these are grouped like
 
 REPOPwT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 329 
 
 an army in the licit! into three divisions, couinianded by tiio lioutenant- 
 f:eneial and two of tlie three major-generals, all of whose reiwrts are sub- 
 mitted herewith. These reports give in sutlieient detail the military 
 history and changes of the j)ast year, whicli have been most hapi)ily 
 uneventful and peaceful, not wholly for want of cause, but because a 
 force was close at hand in eacli instance to reach and punisJi the dis- 
 turber. 
 
 The only serious disturbance to the public- peace by Indians occurred 
 in Arizona and on the southwestern border of Xew ^Mexico in April last, 
 as fully described b^' Brevet Biigadier-denoral Willcox in liis report 
 herewith, in consequence of which his troops were re-enforced by the 
 Third Cavalry from the Dei)artment of the Platte and the First Infan- 
 try from Texas. Subsequently, in July, another escajtade ol' Ai)aches 
 was attemiited, but these Indians were })romptly ])ursued, punished, 
 and driven back to their reservation, since which time there has been 
 no repetition. 
 
 On the 1st of September the Department of West Point was discon- 
 timied by order of the President, and Col. Wesley Merritt was appointed 
 Superintendent of the Military Academy and commander of the post of 
 West Point. Brigadier-General Howard, thereby relieved, was ordered 
 to command the Department of the Platte, and Brigadier-General Crook 
 was ordered to the Department of Arizona. General Crook is well known 
 to the Apaches, and to the people of Arizona, and no further serious dan- 
 ger is apprehended in that quarter. There have been fewer Indian dis- 
 turbances at the Great West during the past season than in any of the 
 past twenty years, partly owing to the precautious taken by the i)roper 
 officers, but in a large measure due to the unexamplecF develoi)ment of 
 the railroads in that region, and the consequent rapidity of settlement by 
 farmers and grazers, wlio are generally prepared to defend their own prop- 
 erty, ^o person, who has not been across the continent by the several 
 routes, can possibly comprehend the changes now in progress there. 
 l!«rearly two-thirds of the domain of the United States lies west of the 
 Mississippi, and at the close of the civil war (JSG5) the greater part of 
 it was occupied by wild beasts, buffalo, elk, antelope, and deer, and by 
 wilder Indians. Xow, by the indomitable courage, indiistiy, and tliriftof 
 our people, this vast region has become reduced to a condition of com- 
 ])arative civilization. Three great railroads now traverse the continent, 
 with brandies innumerable, and a fourth is making rapid progress. 
 States, Territories, cities, and towns have grown up; neat cattle have 
 already displaced the buffalo; sheep and goats have replaced the elk, 
 deer, and antelope; and crops of wheat, rye, barley, and oats are now 
 grown in regions believed liitherfo to be desert or inaccessible. This is 
 the real cause of the great i)rosperity which now blesses our country and 
 swells the coffers of our national Treasury. I am sure, from personal ob- 
 vservation, that the Kegular Army has done its full share in accomplishing 
 this result, and I claim for them a share in its fruits. The troops, during 
 this transition ])eriod, have lived in holes in the ground, in houses made 
 of green cottonwood logs infeste<l by vermin, in temporary shanties, 
 generally without murmur; but now this battle with poverty is over, or 
 nearly so, and I api)eal to Congress for generous treatment, for decent 
 quarters for officers and men ; to repeal the law which forl»ids anything 
 but temporary shelters at our frontier ])osts: and to confer on the Pi"es- 
 deut, the Secretary of ^Vm, or on a board of general ofliccrs, thei>ower 
 to designate tin* places of ulratffiic imiiortance at which to erect suitable 
 permanent buildings' for (piartering i)ro])('rIy the troops of the United 
 States. In this connection I beg to submit a letter which I wi'ote you on
 
 330 PAPERS ACCOMPANYINQ THE 
 
 the lOlli of Octohcr last, which I appeud hereto, marked 0, and ask that 
 it be construed as my ju(l<xmeiit of the probable future, leaving;' for you 
 and others, to (h^tcrinine the actual points which should, in the future, 
 be occupied by garrisons to subserve the best interests of the country. 
 
 ]n the enforcement of statute law, coiripulsory on the Army, and in 
 maintaining- discipline, without which an array would be a nuisance, 
 according- to the rci)ort of the Adjutant-General, there ha\e been 1,797 
 cases of trial by court-martial among the enlisted men during the ])ast 
 year. It is notorious in the Army that ninety of these cases in the hun- 
 dred are for simple disorders, which in civil life are punished by a mag- 
 xistrate icithout a jury. A court-martial is both judge and jury. The 
 easiest correction for this condition of facts rests with Congress, and 
 not with the Army. The law is at fault, for the men we enlist are the 
 best we can get for the price paid. I believe the price is liberal when 
 we consider the fact that a soldier is in any event fed, clothed, and 
 reasonably maintained at the cost of the government, the minimum pay 
 ($13 a month) being in fact pocket money, and is the only hold we have 
 on him for lines and forfeitures. I recommend that Articles of War 80, 
 81, and 82 be amended so as to es:tend the principles of the fieUboflicer's 
 court to every fort, garrison, or place where the troops of the United States 
 are quartered. In nine places out of ten there are no field officers, only 
 captains and lieutenants, yet the necessity for discipline and prompt pun- 
 ishment for minor " disorders " are the same. The commanding officer 
 of such a "place" should have the i)ower to detail some other officer, 
 preferably the next to himself iu the order of command, to act as pro- 
 vost judge, to hear, try, and adjudge each case as it arises, and to enter 
 up sentence, which sentence, when approved by him, should be executed 
 the same as in case of a garrison court-martial. A book of record should 
 be kept, subject to the inspection of the department commander, and of 
 any duly authorized inspector-general. This simple provision will ob- 
 viate the necessity for so many trials which are now a scandal to the 
 country. General courts -martial will, however, continue to be necessary 
 for more serious offenses under the Articles of War, and for the trial 
 of officers ; and here I invite your attention to the re])ort of General 
 McDowell, who instances how we cling to old notions prohibiting courts- 
 martial from sitting after 3 o'clock p. m., because a hundred years ago 
 in England officers were wont to dine and get drunk at that hour. ]S"ow 
 we dine when we can, keep sober all the tiuie, and there is no reason 
 why courts-martial sfiould not sit all night if necessary to reach a ver- 
 dict the same as a civil jury.' 
 
 The consolidated report of casualties for the past year also exhibits a 
 loss to the Army by desertion of 3,721. This, taken in connection with 
 the number of enlistments and re-enlistments (7,341), is a most serious 
 matter, occasions great loss of money to the government, and calls for 
 a speedy remedy if possible. The causes of desertion, as exhibited by 
 the record of the trials, are various, but the chief one is tliat most of 
 the recruits enlist in New lork or the larger cities, are transported at 
 the cost of the United States to the West, where, by desertion at little 
 risk of capture and punishment, they obtain the highest wages. Tlie 
 remedy will, I believe, be found in a more liberal treatment of the good 
 soldier, an<l a more certain punishment of the deserter. 
 
 During- the civil war the government paid its private soldiers $10 a 
 montli and non-commissioned officers much higher. Kow the private 
 receives oidy 613 a month and the non-commissiontfd officer proportion- 
 ably less than before, whilst the prices of living are increased rather 
 than diminished. The services exacted of our soldiers are more labo-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 331 
 
 rioiis and nearly as dangerous now as then, and this is construed by 
 them as partiality to the citizen volunteer over the regular. This is felt 
 to be an act of injustice to themselves, and, coupled with the fact that 
 desertion is gradually becoming stripped, in the public estimation, of 
 its odious and dangerous character, Ave find that desertious are increas- 
 ing rather than diminishing. I therefore recommend that the pay of 
 enlisted men be restored to what it was in ISGo, and that the puiiisli- 
 meut for desertion be more clearly detiued by law and increased in 
 severity. Aggravated cases during active can)]>aigns or in the Indian 
 country should be treated as "capital," as is done under almost every 
 civilized government, and as is the case with ourselves in actual war. 
 The desertion of his comrades in danger is, and ever should be, con- 
 strued as the basest and most heuious crime possible to a soldier, 
 whereas of late j^ears, under the benign influences of our Bureau of 
 Military Justice, it has grown to be considered as of little more concern 
 than for a laborer to quit his employer withoutleave or notice. I would 
 be perfectly willing in trials for desertion to submit the case of each 
 deserter to a jury of his own fellow soldiers. In any event I invite your 
 close attention to this whole subject, believing it to be of vital impor- 
 tance to the interests of our military establishment. 
 
 According to my observation the general character of the recruits 
 to-day is better than it was twenty years ago, and their treatment as to 
 food, clothing, barracks, furniture, fuel, lights, and the ordinary garri- 
 son duties is better now than then; but the same nmy be said of our 
 people generally, and the soldier only compares his own condition with 
 that of his immediate neighbors. 
 
 All the annual reports herewith concur in the conclusion that under 
 the operation of existing general orders the men of the entire Army 
 have improved much in precise rifle firing. This is a matter of the 
 first importance, because one who is skilled and has confi<lence in his 
 musket is worth in a tight half a dozeji of "dummies." The contests this 
 year have been spirited, well contested, and most excellent. I recently 
 ■witnessed the biennial Army contest for the six i)rizes ottered for the 
 best six shots in the whole Army, in which every oflicer ami enlisted n)an, 
 from highest to lowest, was enabled to compete. The contest extende<l 
 through three days, under the most favorable circumstances, and all 
 the arrangements of targets, marking, and counting were as perfect as 
 possible. The same rifle was used wliich is issued to every soldier in 
 the Army, the same identical ammunition, and no variation in tlu^ sights 
 Avas permitted other than such as any soldier may a>lo])t in actual war 
 practice. The tiring Avas "offhand" at I'OO yards, "kneeling" at 300 
 yards, and "lying on the ground" at 000 yards. The first prize was won by 
 a sergeant of engineers from Willets Point, N. Y., the second by a cavalry 
 sergeant from Oregon, the third by a cavalry sergeant from Texas, the 
 fourth by an artillery sergeant from Fort j\Ionroe, Va., the fifth by an 
 artillery priA'^ite from iSan Francisco, Cal., an<l the sixth and last by an 
 artillery lieutenant from NeAvYork; thus demonstrating the absolute 
 fairness and impaitiality of the awards. We are es])ocially indebted to 
 you, ]\Ir. Secretary, for providing out of the limited contingent fund of 
 the War Department the means to purchase the medals nwarded. and 
 Avhieh will, I am sure, be treasuretl by the Avinn«'rs; hut 1 do believe, on 
 a fair re|)resentation, ('ongress will promjitly ]>rovi<le by a si)eeial aj.pro- 
 l>riation1he money needed for i)nr('hasing11ie medals, and for the m-ces- 
 sary inscriptions fh«'reon. 
 
 It Avould be wise and Avonid tend to the general Avelfare of the Arn)y 
 if some Just rule could be adopted for a tour of service, by regiments, iu
 
 332 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 tlie reiiH>te and Icss-lavored iiarts of our vast country. Kptte of '' wise 
 eoiu]Rel8" and "sajxe advices" ollicers will marry, have families, and 
 yearn for schools, churches, and refined society. 'J'hese are not to be 
 ibund in the remote corners where duty compels us to post our pickets. 
 Hitherto Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Idaho, Montana, Dakota, &«., 
 have been almost absolutely isolated from the world, iind it is natural 
 that ofiieers and even soldiers should feel neglected if left there, as we 
 have been forced to do, for ten and fifteen years at a time, and the 
 consequence has been that friends, especially members of Congress, 
 beg to have particular officers called away from their i)ropcr stations 
 for fancy and constructive military duty nearer home. This cause has 
 had a most damaging influence on the Army, and if we could give any 
 assurance, as is done in England, that a regiment sent " abroad," as 
 it were, to Arizona, or the Eocky Mountain region, should not be kept 
 there continuously over live years consecutively, it would much lessen 
 this evil, and bring contentment where now there is a feeling that 
 partiality or favor banishes a whole regiment. The artillery regiments 
 have generally been interchanged by some such tacit rule. The cavalry 
 must of necessity be on the frontier, where alone their services are ap- 
 propriate and needed, and they are only changed when there is some 
 l^ressing necessity. 
 
 The infantry regiments as a rule have the hardest time. Each depart- 
 ment commander may shift his troops according to the necessities of serv- 
 ice, but is of course limited to the areaof his own command. The division 
 commander is also necessarily empowered to move his troops from one 
 department to another of his own division, but is usually restricted to 
 movements demanded by actual danger, and is often restndned for the 
 want of the necessary money. So at Army headquarters, regiments, or 
 even companies, are only ordered from one di^^siou to another when neces- 
 sity demands, and regiments are only moved when the appropriation 
 admits of ifc, and this is most rare now^ Some changes have been made 
 in the past year, such as bringing the Twelfth Infantry from Arizona to 
 the Department of the East in September last, and ]uore recently the 
 removal of the Fifteenth from New Mexico to Dakota, both regiments 
 having been there thirteen years. I believe, now, w^e can and ought to 
 keep three infantry regiments in the Division of the Atlantic, that each 
 should have a tour of three years' rest, and then be replaced by another 
 regiment which has been longest on the Rio Grande frontier, or in the 
 " Farthest West." The mere hope of such a detail would carry con- 
 tentment to many a family now seemingly banished far from home and 
 friends. The railroads in the West have greatly facilitated the move- 
 ment of troops, but have not diminished the cost; quite the contrary. 
 Formerly the infantrj' marched on foot, and the cavalry rode their 
 horses long distances at little cost of money, taking months and weeks, 
 where now the same journey is accomplished in less days and hours; 
 but for this saving of time we have to pay in money, and all Army 
 movements are absolutely controlled by the existing appropriations of 
 Congress. When life is at stake no hesitation is or should be made in 
 ordering troops to the point of danger from the nearest available garri- 
 son, regardless of the cost; but no movement of a regiment or even of 
 a single company for relief is ever or should be made until the Secre- 
 tary of War is consulted, and the state of the necessary appropriation 
 is ascertained. ]\Ieantime the Army must be content with what they 
 surely realize, that telegi^aphs and railroads are rapidly bringing to 
 them" in their hitherto banishment all the advantages of civilization, 
 with daily mails, with schools, churches, and social advantages.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 333 
 
 The reports of Brigadier-Goneral Howard of tin- Military Academy at 
 West Point, of lire vet ]Major-General (letty of the Artillery School atFort 
 MoDroe, and of Colonel Otis of the kSchool of Application at Fort Leaven- 
 wiorth, herewith inclosed, niajked G, 7, and 8, respectively, exhibit the 
 great care and labor, which have been bestowed on military edncation in 
 the Army during the year. All of these institutions are now established 
 on a fair and most satisfactory basis, are well administered, and fulfill 
 admirably their several i»urposes. The Academj* at West Point is gov- 
 erned by special laws of Congress, only falling under my jurisdiction so 
 far as military discipline is concerned. The otheis are simply military 
 posts, governed like all others by the Army regulations, and their garri- 
 sons are subject at any moment to be sent off for duty by the dei)artment 
 commander; yet, whilst not otherwise employed, these garrisons form 
 the basis for practical instruction, and, apart from theoi-etical studies, 
 enable the oi!icers,non-(;ommissioned officers, and privates in rotation to 
 learn thoroughly all the duties of a soldier in garrison, in camp, and on 
 the march far better than would be i^ossible in the smaller posts, to 
 which the bulk of the Army must of necessity be distributed. The 
 cost of maintaining these schools is no more than if the troops were 
 in ordinary garrison, but it would be well to ask annually of Congress 
 for an appropriation for each of $5,000 for the purchase of books of 
 reference, and for surveying and philosophical apparatus, such as are 
 used l)y all schools, this money to be expended and Ju;counted for by 
 the commanding officer, or by the quartermaster on his orders. The 
 law and Army regulations also contemplate a school for officers' and 
 soldiers' children, as well as for the illiterate soldiers, at each and 
 every tixed post and garrison. But as no x^rovision is made for teachers 
 other than by the detail of officers or enlisted men, these schools can- 
 not be said to be successful. Too many of our officers -and enlisted 
 men are already of necessity taken from their comi^anies for daily or 
 detached duty, so that I cannot recommend any further reduction of the 
 fighting force for this or any other purpose, but if Congress is disposed 
 to furnish teachers in excess of the i)resent organization I am certain 
 these schools can gradually be made universal, and they ^nll doubtless 
 prove auxiliary to good order and discipline, if they do not actually 
 rescue many good men from the usual fate of ignorance and vice. 
 
 The supi)ly departments are not subject to my orders and supervis- 
 ion, but I know, from reports and from personal observation at many 
 of our military posts, that the troops are habitually well supplied in ail 
 respects. 
 
 RonewiTig the recommendations of my last annual report, and again 
 inviting your attention to the reports herewith of the division and 
 department commanders. 
 
 1 have the honor to be, very respectfull3-, vour obedient servant, 
 
 W. T. SHERMAN, 
 
 Geiuiral. 
 
 Hon. Robert T. Lincoln, 
 
 Secretary of lV«r, Washington, D. C.
 
 334 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 REPOKT OF THE ADJUTANT GENERAL. 
 
 Headquarters of the Army, • 
 Adjutant-General's OFFrCE, 
 Washington, November — , 1882. 
 
 General: Pursuant to your instructious, I have the honor to sub- 
 mit the annual returns of the Array: 
 
 A. — Organization of the Kegular Army. 
 
 B. — Return showing actual strength of the Regular Army. 
 
 C. — Distribution of troops in the Departments of Missouri, Texas, 
 Platte, and Dakota — Division of the Missouri. 
 
 J). — Distribution of troops in the Departments of the East and 
 South — Division of the Atlantic. 
 
 E. — Distribution of troops in the Departments of California, the 
 Columbia, and Arizona — Division of the Pacific. 
 
 F. — Military geographical divisions, departments, and posts, with dis- 
 tribution of troops, xjost-offices, telegraph stations, and nearest railroad 
 stations or boat landings. 
 
 G. — Statement of casualties during the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 1882. 
 
 H. — Statement of the number of trials of enlisted men by general 
 courts-martial during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882. 
 
 I. — Statement of assignments of recruits and re-enlistments during 
 the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882. 
 
 The number of enlisted men, now in service, who are drawing in- 
 creased pay under act of Congress of August 4, 1854, is as follows : 
 
 Five years' continuous service , 3, 402 
 
 Ten years' continuous service 1,896 
 
 Fifteen years' continuous service (i71 
 
 Twenty ytars' continuous service 145 
 
 Twenty-tive years' continuous service 93 
 
 Tliirty years' continuous service 54 
 
 Total 6,261 
 
 The number of those who will become entitled to increased pay under 
 act of Congress of May 15, 1872, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 
 1884, is— 
 
 Ee-enlisted pay 536 
 
 One dollar per month for third year of service 3, 412 
 
 Two dollors per month for fourth year of service 3,507 
 
 Three dollars per mouth for hfth year of service 3, 429 
 
 Total 10,884 
 
 and the number of enlisted men, now in service, whose terms will ex- 
 pire during the same fiscal year is, 3,549. 
 
 A comparison of the above data with that submitted last year shows 
 that while the number of men discharged the service by sentence of 
 court-martial is less by 110 than during the year 1880-'81, the number 
 of re-enlistments has fallen off 544, and the number of desertions is 
 1,380 in excess. The fact that tliere are now in the ranks 2,850 men 
 whose continuous service ranges from 10 to 35 years, while the number 
 last year was only 2,534, shows conclnsively tliat the falling off in the 
 number of re-enlistments is limited to the class of men who have 
 served only the first term of service, and is undoubtedly due to the 
 rapid development of the mining resources of the "Western country 
 creating a demand for labor at remunerative prices second ouly, jier- 
 baps, to the California excitement ©f 1849 and subsequent years.
 
 REtORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 335 
 
 The question of desertion is more comi^lex and diflScult of solution. 
 The principal causes are — 
 
 The short stay of tlie recruit at the depot, thus launching; the man 
 into active military life before he has become acquainted with and 
 accustomed to its exactions and restrictions. This will be adverted to 
 more at length in my remarks under the head of "The Kecruiting Serv- 
 ice." 
 
 The fact that by law the money value of clothing drawn by the re- 
 cruit after enlistment — a large amount necessarily — is charged against 
 him on tlie rolls and absorbing his pay for montlis, induces discontent 
 and restlessness. Hupiwsing a recruit to have enlisted during the third 
 or fourth month after settlement of clothing has been made, his first 
 pay will just sulfice to pay for altei'ing his clothes and purchase of the 
 necessary articles for his comfort aiul cleanliness. Naturally, the young 
 recruit looks forward to the pay-day following with the hope that he 
 will be enabled to lay by a small amount, or possibly send something 
 to his friends or relatives. Pay-day comes, and he finds himself charged 
 for clothing overdrawn (during the short ])eriod of his service) with an 
 amount which not only absorbs the pay then due him, but the larger 
 part of that for two numths to come; he grows discouraged, and in an 
 unguarded moment listens, perhaps, to the evil counsels of old oliend- 
 ers, of whom there are, and always will be, more or less in the Army, 
 and deserts, thinking he can do better in civil life. 
 
 To do away with this really important cause of desertion, I beg to 
 suggest that section 1302 of the lievised Statutes, which governs in 
 the settlenu'ut of clothing accounts, be amended so as to provide that 
 the first complete outfit of clothing issued to a recruit be settled only 
 at the expiration of his first year of service. 
 
 It is unfortunately true that company commanders do not always 
 exercise the care demanded by the importance of a judicious selection 
 of non-commissioned ofiicers, nor realize the positive evil of intrusting 
 them with control which i)roperly belongs to, and should be eagercised 
 only by, the officer commanding the comi)a!)y. 
 
 Another fruitful cause of desertion is the amount of manual labor 
 outside of purely military duty exacted from soldiers. While this can- 
 not always be avoided, the imposition of non-military laborious duties 
 should only be resorted to in extreme emergencies, as it inevitably 
 breeds disgust and dissatisfaction. 
 
 In conclusion, I beg to recommend that every case of desertion be 
 carefully investigated, on its occurrence, to determine the cause or 
 causes Avhich led to the conunission of the crime, in order tliat i)rompt 
 remedial action may be taken whenever demanded by the circiunstances 
 of the case. 
 
 The ofiicer^ of the Adjutant-General's Department are properly as- 
 signeil and in the discharge of their appropriate duties. 
 
 ARMY OFFICERS ABROAD. 
 
 :\raj. Gen. J. M. Schofield ; Lieut. Gol. 11. S. La. Motte, Twelfth Infan- 
 try ; and Capt. . I. Chester, Third Artillery, who attended the autumn 
 maneuvers of the Twelfth Corps of the Freiu.'h Army at Limoges, 
 France, last fall, have submitted highly interesting rej/orts of the re- 
 sults of their observations. 
 
 By existing orders, oilicers of tlie Army who have enjoyed the ])rivi 
 lege of visiting foreign countries are required lo avail tliem.solves of 
 all opportunities, properly within their reach, for obtaining information
 
 336 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 of value to tlie military service, inid to make, on their return, written 
 reports on the subject. 
 
 For tlie puri)ose of disseminating in the Army at large the profes- 
 sional knowledge acquired in these exceptional cases, I have the honor 
 to recommend the publication of such reports whenever they are found 
 to contain useful information on scientific and military matters. 
 
 PROMOTION TO THE RANK OF FIELD OFFICERS AND RESTORATION BY 
 CONGRESS OF OFFICERS OUT OF SERA^ICE. 
 
 I am so thoroughly convinced that the subjects of promotion to the 
 rank of field oflicers and of restoration by Congress of officers out of 
 the service is of vital importance to the entire Army, that I beg to 
 again to invite your attention to the remarks on these subjects mMeiu 
 former reports^. 
 
 Paragraph 19, Army Eegulations of 1863, i^rescribes that "all vacancies in estab- 
 lished regiments or cori>8 shall be tilled by promotion accoixling to seniority except in 
 ease of disability or other incompetency." This rule, under the established usage and 
 custom of the service, requires that a vacancy in any one regiment of either of the 
 tliree arms of the service shall be filled by the promotion of the senior otiicer of the 
 lower grade, and that the officer promoted be commissioned in the particular regiment 
 sutiering the loss which created the vacancy. This system of promotion, aithougli 
 sanctioned by long years of practice, is open to grave objections. It sometimes hap- 
 pens that, duiing the permanent absence of the colonel of a regiment, through sick- 
 U(!ss or other cause, when the command necessarily devolves on either of the other field 
 officers of the regiment, the latter lack the elements required for the successful dis- 
 charge of the duties of a regimental commander, and, in such a case, no matter how 
 zealous and efficient the company commanders may be, the regiment necessarily sutlers 
 loss in discipline and high tone ; and to remedy this evil, so far-reaching in its conse- 
 quences, I beg to suggest that the best interests of the Army imperatively demand a 
 change in the method of promotion to the rank of field officer below the grade of 
 colonel, and this end can only be attained by promotion in the arm instead of commis- 
 sion in a particular regiment. In other words, on the happening of a vacancy, the 
 officer entitled to promotion shoxild be commissioned as *' major of infantry," " lieu- 
 tenant-colonel of artillery," as the case maybe, instead of as at present, " major of 
 the -— regiment of infantry, &c. The eftect of the proposed change will be to enable 
 the General of the Ai-my to assign field officers of tjie line to the particular regiment 
 of the same anu in which their services may be of the greatest benefit with a view to 
 the highest efficiency of the regiment. This, it is conceived, would obliterate an evil 
 which at any time may, through disgust or despair, threaten the demoralization of a 
 regiment otherwise possessed of material not only able, but willing, to sustain its hard- 
 earned reputation. 
 
 It has become the custom for officers dismissed by sentence of coirrt-martial and 
 dropped from the rolls of the Army, to imjjortune Congress for restoration to the posi- 
 tion tftiey have forfeited by the verdict of a court of their peers, reviewed and approved 
 by the department commander, and confirmed by the Pi'esident of the United States. 
 The bill for restoration is referred to the Committee on Military Aftairs. and by it in 
 many cases placed in the hands of a subcommittee, before Avhom the claimant appears 
 either personally or by attorney. The pressure of other duties not unfrequently pre- 
 vents the subcommittee from giving the voluminous papers called for from the files of 
 the War Department that careful and searching scrutiny such a case demands, having 
 in view the baneful intlueuce on the Army of the restoration to its rolls of a man unfit 
 to hold a commission. 
 
 Asa check on such claims, it is suggested that applicantsfor restoration be required, 
 by statutory enactment, to present their claims to a board of officers to be appointed 
 by the President, whenever, in his oiiinion, the applicant has Jin equitable claim to a 
 further hearing. 
 
 VETERINARY SURGEONS. 
 
 By section 37 of the act of March 3, 1803 (section 1102, Eevised 
 Statutes), the grade of veterinary surgeon was created with assimilated 
 rank of sergeant-major, and pay at the rate of 875 per month. The 
 law of July 28, 186G, section 3, added four regiments to the cavalry 
 arm, with the same organization as provided by law for cavalry regi-
 
 REPORT OF TlIK SECRETARY OF WAR. 337 
 
 ments, but "with the addition of one veterinary surgeon to each regi- 
 ment, whose compensation shall be one hundred dollars per month."' 
 
 Thus, with precisely tlie same organization, four of the regiments 
 have two veterinary surgeons, and nix have but one, and at the lower 
 rate of pay. If a cavalry regiment absolutely requires the services of 
 two surgeons of that class, then all the regiments of that arm of the 
 service sbould be placed on the same footing. In the contrary case, if 
 only one suflices, then four of the ten regiments have one veterinary 
 surgeon too many. 
 
 CERTIFICATES OF MERIT. 
 
 Section IL'IG, lie\ised Statutes, provides that when -dwy private sol- 
 dier shall have distinguished himself in the service, the President mar 
 grant him a certificate of merit, on the recommendation of the colonei 
 of his regiment. 
 
 To bring non-commissioned otlicers, as well as privates, within the 
 jmrviewof the above-quoted section, it is suggested that it be amended 
 by substituting for "ijrivate soldier" the words "enlisted man." 
 
 EDUCATION IN THE ARMY. 
 
 The importance of the question of education in the Army cauuot be 
 overestimated, whether we consider its immediate benefits in raising 
 the st-andard of intelligence in the ranks, or its ulterior advantages to 
 the country at large whenever the soldier re-enters civil life. After a 
 term of salutary discipline and education, every man leaving the serv- 
 ice becomes a factor of importance (under our system of government) 
 in the civilization and well-being of the State. Fully impressed with 
 this fact, instructions were issued early last tall looking to the enhaucc- 
 ment of the etiiciency of post schools throughout the Army, and, in 
 addition to his other duties, the adjutant-general of each of the several 
 unlitary departments was charged, under the department commander, 
 with the general supervision of post schools, and required to make, 
 yearly, a full report of their condition and progress. I beg to submit 
 the following synopsis of the several reports: 
 
 DEPARTMENT OP THE EAST. 
 
 Number of post schools j- 
 
 Average strength of garrisons , 1 7(j(j 
 
 School }itt«uclanct; : 
 
 Enlisted men ^.-,y 
 
 Children " ' [ j.^r, 
 
 The condition of school buildings and the supi)ly of books arc re- 
 ported generally good. The majority of the childron^lttend the i»ublic 
 or private schools in the cities or towns adjacent to the several military 
 X)0sts in the dei)artment. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. 
 
 The conditiim of the vschool at Saint Francis P>arracks, Saint Augus- 
 tine, Florida, is excellent; the enlisted man <letailed as teacher is well 
 qualified for the position; the library is supi)liod with a good collection 
 of books, magazines, and ])apers furnished by the Quartermaster's De- 
 partment; and the reading-room is well attended by the ejilisted meu 
 of the command. The same remarks api)ly to Foit l>arrancas, Fla., 
 Newport Barracks, Ky., and Little Kock, Ark., except that at the two 
 latter posts there are no libraries. At Jackson Barracks, La., 
 there is no post school; the children of officers and meu attend the 
 22 Ab
 
 338 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 public or inivato Hcbools in the immediate vicinity. There being no 
 Kchool-house or biiikliug available for the purpose, a room in a vacant 
 set of oUicers' quarters is used as a library, and is well supplied 
 with pa])ers by the Quartermaster's Department. At Mount Ver- 
 non Barracks, Ala., a school-room has been littcd u]), and school 
 will be opened as soon as a teacher can be i)rocured ; the library is sup- 
 plied with an excellent and ami)le collection of books (including school- 
 books) in good condition. At Fort Brooke, Fla., a school has recently 
 been established, and an abundant supply of literature has been re- 
 ceived from the Quartermaster's Department. 
 
 DEPAUTJMENT OF THE MISSOUIU. 
 
 Number of post schools 25 
 
 Average streugth of garrisons 3, 547 . 
 
 Average uumber of children over five years 306 
 
 School attendance : 
 
 Enlisted men 253 
 
 Children of officers » 50 
 
 Children of enlisted men 119. 
 
 Children of civilians 48 
 
 The condition of the schools in the department is generally good. 
 There are no school-buildings at Fort Craig, N. Mex., Fort Leaven- 
 worth, Kans., and Fort Lewis, Colo., and at these posts there are no suit- 
 able rooms for holding school sessions. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF DAKOTA. 
 
 Number of post schools 22 
 
 Average strength of garrisons 3, 761 
 
 Average number of children over five years '^96 
 
 School attendance : 
 
 Enlisted men 200 
 
 Children of officers r.. -. 51 
 
 Children, of enlisted men 158 
 
 Children of civilians »3 
 
 The condition of the school buildings and the sujiply of school-books 
 are reported good ; but at two posts — Fort Pembina and Cantonment 
 Bad Lands — the supply of lights for evening schools is reported as 
 inadequate. ' 
 
 Better teachers are needed at the majority of the schools, and the 
 adjutant-general of the department urges that, for obvious reasons, 
 neither the barrack-rooms nor the company mess-room is a suitable 
 place for teachers. He thinks that the purchase of school-books, under 
 the present system, from the post fund (created by the savings from the 
 ration) objectionable even when practicable. The number of lights 
 allowed for evening school are entirely inadequate. He suggests that 
 the duration of vacation be prescribed, and, while report iug marked 
 improvement in the schools, exjiects still greater efficiency during the 
 coming year. 
 
 /DEPARTMENT OF THE PLATTE. 
 
 Number of post schools 58 
 
 Average Btrength of garrisons 2, 436 
 
 School attendanc<; : . 
 
 Enlisted men 1)4 
 
 Children of officers v!6 
 
 Children of enlisted men 108 
 
 Children of civilians 67 
 
 Proper school-house facilities have not been secured at many of the 
 posts, and in many instances api)oiutments for fitting n[\ the rooms 
 have been wanting.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 339 
 
 DKrARTMKXT OF 'J KXAS. 
 
 Nnmhpr of post Kchoo'.s • 9 
 
 Average strougth of jranisons 3,354 
 
 Average nuiubtr of cJiildrcu over live years 254 
 
 School attemlaiico : 
 
 Enl isted men 1'-^^ 
 
 C h i 1 d r c n o f o m f r s 29 
 
 Children of enlisted men 121) 
 
 Children of civilians 58 
 
 The condition of the scliool-rooins and supply of books are reported 
 as good, excepting" at Fort Mcintosh and iSan Antonio, at neither of 
 which posts has there been any school for want of a suitable building 
 for the puri)sse. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF CALIFOKXIA. 
 
 Number of post schools 10 
 
 Average strength of garrisons 960 
 
 Number of children over hve years 84 
 
 School attendance : 
 
 Enlisted men 54 
 
 Children of officers 6 
 
 Children of enlisted men 30 
 
 Children of civilians 19 
 
 The condition of post schools in this department is generally reported 
 as good. The apparently small percentage of children in attendance is 
 due to the fact that at the following-named posts they attend either 
 wholly or in a large majority the i)iiblic shools of neighboring towns — 
 Benicia Barracks, Fort Point, San Jos(^, and the Presidio of !Sau Fran- 
 cisco. 
 
 DEPARTJIENT OF THE C0LU3IBIA. 
 
 The condition of the schools is reported as indifferent, and the prog- 
 ress very slight, if any. The reasons assigned as to the causes of the 
 unfavorable report are small garrisons, incompetent teachers, and un- 
 suitable school-rooms; disinclination of grown men to attend, intensified 
 by the amount of manual labor required of them outside of strictly mili- 
 tary duties. While Vancouver Barracks possesses a model school- 
 house, and fair ones are at Fort Colville and Boise Barracks, at all the 
 other posts in the department new school-houses are an absolute ne- 
 cessity. 
 
 On a careful review of the whole ftcld, I am satisfied the present 
 system needs revision. Its tendency is to create a bureau of militarj'' 
 education, and this is highly objectionable. While chaplains manifes't 
 laudable zeal in this work, I seriously doubt whether their labors can 
 ever be i)roductive of the greatest good. Their sphere is spiritual, and 
 while their religious and secular knowledge and high moral tone is 
 jieely admitted, it is also a fact that should not be overlooked that the 
 poss(^ssion of knowledge does not necessarily carry the gift of in\]Mirt- 
 iiig it. Their denominational character is also a serious obstacle to 
 securing the hearty co-operation of men of all creeds or of no creed at 
 all. The successful teacher of soldiers must himself be a military man, 
 intimately acquainted with their wants and asitirations, the exactions 
 and r((]uirements of ;irmy life, and, in other words, must not only be 
 with th"m but of them. To compel the respect and attention of their 
 ])Ul)ils teachers should have ade(piate rank and compensation, ami not 
 l)e UMjuiTcd to share the common mess-ronrus and barracks, nor sliould 
 their ]iosition be atVectcd by changes in the garrison. Tl'.e instruction 
 of enlisted men should l)e made a military duty, tlierefoiv cojiipulsory, 
 and the school hours siiouhl be during the day. Alphabetical schools 
 can in no sense be called military schools. To preserve to the latter
 
 340 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 their iiuliN'idual cliaracter, I strougly recommend tliat for white regi- 
 ments an educational test be applied to men offering tliemselves for 
 service in tlie Arjny. No man who cannot read and write should be 
 accepted as an American soldier. While this elimination of gross igno- 
 rance is in accordance with the genius of our institutions, it is not be- 
 lieved it Avould seriously afiect the recruitment of the Army. 
 
 It is highly desirable that the inspection of tlue schools be made part 
 of the duties devolving on otlicers of the Inspector-General's Depart- 
 ment, and that these inspections be special. 
 
 In order that fidl justice be done to this question, which is of vital 
 interest to the Army, I beg further to recommend that a board of line 
 oflicers of rank and intelligence be convened to revise the entire sub- 
 ject. 
 
 KECRUITING SERVICE. 
 
 On October 1, 1881, recruiting rendezvous were in operation at the 
 following points: 
 
 Four in New York City; two in each of the cities of Boston, Balti- 
 more, Chicago, Cincinnati, and St. Louis : and one, in each, at Provi- 
 dence (K. I.), Buifalo, Philadelphia, Indianapolis, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, 
 Milwaukee, and Washington. During that month a rendezvous was 
 opened at Albany, N. Y., with a branch at Troy, N. Y. ; and two branches 
 from the rendezvous at N. Y. City were established at Brooklyn, and two 
 at Jersey City. 
 
 In November, 1881, a rendezvous was opened at Springfield, 111.; in 
 December, one at Detroit, Mich.; and in Eebruary, 1882, a second ren- 
 dezvous w^as opened at Philadelphia. 
 
 In August, 1882, one of the rendezvous at Boston was discontinued, 
 and established at Davenport, Iowa. 
 
 Eecruiting has also been carried on in all the departments embraced 
 in the Military Divisions of the Missouri and the Pacific, by officers 
 stationed at military posts, under the supervision of assistant adjutant- 
 generals at the headquai-ters of the several departments. This system 
 involves no exi)ense to the recruiting fund, and thus far it ha§ worked 
 satisfactorily, many good men having been secured who would other- 
 wise have been probably lost to the 'service. 
 
 For the two colored regiments of infantry, recruiting has l)eeu re- 
 stricted, during the year, to re-enlistments and the enlistment of men 
 who have served with credit a previous term, and in this Avay these 
 regiments have been maintained at or near their authorized strength. 
 
 Owing to the depleted condition of the appropriation for the recruit- 
 ing service, it was found necessary, in the early part of 1882, to reduce 
 expenses to the lowest possible limit; therefore, recruiting for the 
 mounted service by oificers of the general recruiting service, who had 
 been making enlistments for the mounted service in cities where there 
 was no cavalry rendezvous, was suspended. Eecruiting was entirely 
 stopped at the rendezvous at Providence, Springfield (lU.), Builalo, 
 Pittsburgh, and Washington, and the branch rendezvous at Troy, Jer- 
 sey City, and Brooklyn were discontinued. At the rend-ezvous which 
 were kept open, enlistments were restricted to the best class of men. 
 
 Since the appro]>riation for the present fiscal year became available, 
 recruiting has been actively resumed at all the rendezvous at which 
 operations had been suspended, and every effort is made, consistent vrith 
 the funds available for tlie purpose, to obtain sufficient men to fill the 
 Army to its authorized strength. 
 
 In the citie-s (excepting Detroit and Milwaukee) where only one ren-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 341 
 
 dezvous is in operati^on, Uie recruiting otiicers now make enlistnionts 
 for l)otli the general and the niount^id service. 
 
 In order to cnrry out tlie provisions of tlie tliird section of the act 
 approved June 30,' 1882, making appropriations for tlie support of the 
 Army for the current fiscal year, each recruit is, ujuju aewiptance at the 
 depot, allowed to purchase on credit from the post-trader such articles 
 as are absolutely necessary for his cleanliness and comfort, at a cost 
 not exceeding *3, and he is allowed to receive a credit for laundry inir- 
 ])oses of $1 i)er moiith, for not exceeding four months. These credits 
 are made upon the written order of the dei)0t commanders. 
 
 The total number of enlistments made during the liscal year ending 
 June 30, 1882, were 7,734. Of these 4,007 were native-born, and 2,827 
 of foreign birth. 
 
 1 agaiu invite attention to the recommendatibn in my former reports 
 that 1,000 men, in excess of the present authorized strength of tin; 
 Army, be allowed for thorough instruction at the recruiting depots; 
 and also to the report of tlie Committee on ^Military Affairs, recom- 
 mending the passage of the bill (11. R. 3(i0l) to ]>rovide for tlie instrue- 
 tion of enlisted men at recruiting dej^ots, which report contained and 
 adopted the o])iuiou 1 expressed to the Secretary of War in letter of 
 May 14, 1882, in advocacy of the bill. The bill, however, for causes 
 extraneous to its merits, failed to becouie a. law at the last session of 
 Congress. 
 
 The opinion then expressed to the Secretary I still hold, and is as 
 follows : 
 
 The measnro advocated has for its objective two importaut points, viz, efficiency 
 and oconoiny. 
 
 Efficienaj. — Very sli-^lit knowiedgi^^ of tlie service and its requirements is posRCssed 
 by men tirst entering tlio Army. The retention of all recruits at the several depots 
 (David's Island, Columbus JJarracks, and JtjHcrson Barracks), to serve there four 
 months before bcinji; sent to regiment^ ^Tould initiate them into the duties of military 
 life; transform raw men into Avell-instructed soldiers; and would atiord an opportu- 
 nity, by the application of )>roper tests requiring time and obsers'ation, to positively 
 determine their lituess for active service. 
 
 Economy. — Many men enlisting in. good faith soon develop smdi inaptitude for serv- 
 ice that to retain them in the ranks an ould ])rovo a biuden rather than a benolit. 
 This nnfitness, from whatever cause arising, would become knowji at the depot, and 
 the prompt discliargcof such men would. save the government the expense of their 
 transportation to the remote frontier and ret;urn, after discharge, to iilaeo of enlist- 
 ment, according to contract. 
 
 The table marked K exhibits in detail tlie nativities and occupation 
 of accepted recruits, and the divers causes leading to the rejection of a 
 large number of the applicants for enlistment. 
 
 RIFLE PRACTICE. 
 
 The comi)etition last fall for the possession of the handsome and val- 
 ual)le "Nevada badge" — presented to the Army by public-spirited citi- 
 zens of N<^vada for award to the comi)any or battery excelling in 
 target firing — resulted in a victory for Battery K, Third' United States 
 Artillery, and its commander, Capt. Lewis Smith, was summoned to 
 this city to receive, at the hands of the General of the Army, tlie 
 tiopliy won by the handsome score of 1,120 out of a possible 1,.")0 
 jxiints, or 02.2 jier eentiim. 
 
 The absence of data ])revents me from exhibiting tln^ result of tlie 
 com])etition this year. A like reason bars relnreiice to the contest for 
 the Army ])rizes, lately held at Fort Leavenworth, Kans. A sense of 
 justice to the enlisted p<n-tion of the participants urges me to represent 
 that the inequality of allowances woiks ]>ositive hardship to the sol-
 
 342 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 dior, aiul deters many of tliem, tliongli qualified, from enterinpf the 
 list of contestants. The officer repairiii*,' to tlic idace of trial and while 
 there receives allowances Avliich compensate him for extra expenses 
 incident to a temporary stay at a post other than his proper station. 
 The .soldiei', on the other iiand, receives only the 81.50 per dieirj com- 
 mutation of rations while travelinj^- under orders, and wlien it is abso- 
 lutely im])racticable for him to carry cooked rations. This allowance 
 ceases, of course, during- his stay at a garrisoned post. Jt seems to me 
 eminently just, and I beg to recommend most earnestly, that tlie allow- 
 ance of $l!r)0 per diem be granted to all enlisted men competing for a 
 position on the Army team, to begin on the day hp, lea\'es his i)Ost for 
 the place of rendezvous, and continue uuiuterriiijtedly until the day 
 on which he rejoins his proper station. 
 Respectfully submitted. 
 
 E. C. DRUM, 
 Adjutant- General. 
 
 REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL. 
 
 Headquarters op the Army, 
 Inspector-General's Office, 
 Washington, J). C, Octoher 10, 1882. 
 
 Sir: The following report of the oi)erations of the Inspector-General's 
 Department is respectfully submitted for the information of the honora- 
 ble Secretary of War and the General of the Army. 
 
 There has been no change in the rank, nuniber, or station of the of- 
 ficers of this department since the rendition of my last annual report. 
 
 The undersigned has been in charge of the office at these headquarters, 
 performing the various duties pertaining thereto, besides accompanying 
 the Lieutenant-Gene-ral of the Army on a tour of inspection of the north- 
 western portion of the Military Division of the Missouri. 
 
 Inspector-General Nelson H. Davis has been on duty as inspector- 
 general of the Military Division of the Missouri. He has been engaged in 
 making numerous investigations and inspections, uuder the orders of the 
 Lieutenant-General commanding, and has also, under directions from 
 the Secretary of War, made the quarterly inspections of the Leaven- 
 worth Military Prison, as required by section 1348, Revised Statutes. 
 
 Assistant Inspector-General Roger Jones has been on duty as inspector 
 general of the Military Division of the Atlantic, and has been actively 
 engaged in making investigations and inspections under the orders of 
 the major-geueral commanding and the Secretary of War. 
 
 Assistant Inspector-General Absalom Baird has continued on duty in 
 this office as my assistant. In addition to his regular current duties, 
 he has examined the money accounts of various disbursing officers of the 
 Army stationed in this city, Baltimore, Pittsburgh, and Norfolk, and 
 has also made several investigations under orders of the Secretary of 
 War. 
 
 Assistant Inspector-General Joseph C. Breckinridge has been on 
 duty as Inspector-General of the Military Division of the Pacific. In 
 addition to his regular duties at those headquarters, he has made, under 
 the orders of the major-general commanding, a careful inspection of the 
 posts in the Department of x\rizona, and is now engaged, uuder orders 
 from the division conimander, in an inspection of all the posts in the 
 Department of the Columbia.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRERARY OF WAR. 343 
 
 The following-uanied officers liave been performing- the duties of act- 
 ing assistant inspectors-general in the diliereut departments since my 
 last annual report: 
 
 In Department of the Platte, Lieut.-Col. William li. Koyall, Third 
 Cavalry. 
 
 In Department of tlie Missouri, Maj. John J. Coppinger, Tenth In- 
 fantry. 
 
 J u Department of the East, ISIaj. liiehard Arnold, Filth Artillery. 
 
 In I)ei)artment of Dakota, ]Maj, 'William W. San<l«n-s, Eiglith Infantry. 
 
 Tn Department of Arizona, i\Iaj. Abraham K. Arnold, ^^ixth Cavalry. 
 
 In Department of Texas, Capt. George B. llussell, Ninth Infantry, 
 aid-de-camp. 
 
 In Department of the Columbia, Capt. John A. Kress, Ordnance 
 Department, nntil ]\Iay UO, 1882, when Maj. Oliver D. Greene, assistant 
 adjutant-general, was ])laeed in charge of the office. 
 
 in Department of the South, Lieut. Wt-lls Willard, Fifth Artillery, 
 aid-de-camp, iVom January IG until jMay 11, 1882, since which time 
 Lieut. John M. Baldwin, Fifth Artillery, aid-de-camp, has ])erformed 
 the duties. 
 
 The above-named offi<;ers have been engaged in inspecting the garri- 
 soned posts of their respective departments, examining the money ac- 
 counts of disbursing otlicers of tin- Anny, and, under the orders of the 
 department commanders, performing, in general, the duties i)ertaining 
 to the inspection branch of the service, all of which have been executed 
 with commendable zeal and fidelity. 
 
 In comi)!iance with the re(iuirements of the act of Congress ai>]>roved 
 Ayn-il 20, 1874, careful examinations liave been made of the nciH)unts of 
 all officers of the Army Avho have disbursed i)ublic money during- the 
 year. The funds received and expended, with balances reported due to 
 the United States, have been couipared and verified by ofllcial state- 
 ments from the Treasury and designated depositories. These inspec- 
 tions involved the examination of expenditures and transfer of funds to 
 the following- amounts, viz: 
 
 Hy regular oflicers of the Inspector-Geiicral'is I )ei)artiiiout ^-Jl, T-l:*!, 'J[}'2 81 
 
 By depaitineiit actiug assistant insptHtois-geiieral 'J?,;!;!!), I'-tG 44 
 
 15y special inspectors, post coumianders, Ai-e 4, T^.'i. "js:? fil 
 
 Total r.L5, 8.-)4, lei 8<; 
 
 This large iiggregate is caused by the fact tliat Jiiuch of the funds was 
 transferred from one officer to another, and thus bei-;iiiie several times 
 the subject of examination. 
 
 All tiie rejjorts of these inspections are herewith siiiiuiitted, ready for 
 transmittal to Congress, as recpiired by the law above i-t-'fi-rred to. 
 
 Nearly every garrisoned military ])ost tliroughout the extent of our 
 territory has been carefully inspected during tlu' ])ast year, either by 
 regular or acting inspectors, and, in addition, inspections have been 
 nrade by connnamling oflicei-s of their resjjcetive [tosts and stations, as 
 required by paragraph l.'»27, Army Kegulations. 
 
 These reports, with notes of the action taken by local comnumdi rs to 
 remedy any irregularilies discovered by the inspi'ct«ns, have been for- 
 warded to these head<|uarti>rs through regular jnilitary channels, receiv- 
 ing, in course of transmittal, tlie remarks of all sui)erior conimanilers as 
 to their action in the ])reniises, and hav«* been carefully scrutinized in 
 this office, extracts having been made and lorwarde<l to tlie proper 
 authoiities of any matters requiring furthei- attention. 
 
 A careful exauiination of these, and also of the iinnual r»'p(»rts of the
 
 344 I'APERS ACCOMPANYING THK 
 
 several <li\isi()n smd «lepjirtment inspectors, enables me to present tlie 
 lollowin^- lacts in regard to the present general condition of tlie military 
 establishment: 
 
 The health of the troops is generally good; clothing of excellent 
 quality; arms and equipments in good condition. The business of the 
 .Subsistence Department has been well administered, sui)i)lies ample 
 and of good quality. The same may also be said of the Quarteiinastei-\s 
 and jMedical Departments. The troops, with few excei)tions, have been 
 i-egnlarly paid. 
 
 Tiansportation is generally reported good, and sufficient in quantity, 
 except in the Department of Arizona, where it is somewlmt deficient. 
 Pack trains liad to be hired twice during the year, at great expense. 
 The number of mules at present belonging to that department is 890; 
 an additional number of 200 is asked for. 
 
 The discipline and military bearing of the troops show an improve- 
 ment over former years. 
 
 A fair degree of i>roficiency has been attained in company drill ; but 
 there appears to be need for more practice in the skirmish drill, while 
 the bayonet exercise has been almost altogether ignored in the infantry- 
 arm of the service, and also the saber exercise in the cavalry. 
 
 The great dispersion of tlie troops and the consequent small garri- 
 sons have rendered it impracticable to give sufficient instruction in bat- 
 talion drill, and in some departments no battalion drill has been had. 
 On the subject of light artillery drill I invite attention to the following 
 remarks of Maj. Kichard Arnold, acting assistant inspector-general, De- 
 ])artment of the East: 
 
 I would repeat my recommendation of former years for the establisliraent of a 
 school for light artillery instruction, to consist of at least four batteries, under a se- 
 lected field officer. The expenditirre of the necessary amount for this purpose I 
 think would be of permanent benefit, while the continuing the batteries at regimental 
 headquarters or separate posts will result in the performance of routine duty only. 
 No material progress or excellence will ever be attained save by bringing these bat- 
 teries together at one post and establishing a regular coui-se of instruction, as is 
 being done at Fort Monroe and Fort Leavenworth. 
 
 Military instruction has also been seriously interfered with by the 
 almost continuous employment of the men at fatigue and mechanical 
 labor. 
 
 The following extract from a recent inspection report of Fort Spo- 
 kane, Washington Territory, shows to what an extent this labor has 
 been carried at some posts: 
 
 During the past winter and spring the command has been almost constantly and 
 exclusively engaged in cutting and hauling logs to the post saw-mill, and in prepar- 
 ing therefrom the various kinds of ordinary lumber requisite for completion of the post . 
 * * * This labor was considered as so valuable to the public military interests that, to 
 promote it, the post commander was authorized to suspend until further orders the 
 ordinary drills and parades. * *^ * Company H (Daggett's) was not included in 
 the ^e^iew and general inspection of the post, it being relieved from all duty at the 
 post, on detached service, and in camp on the bank of the Spokane River, about one 
 mile aud a half distant, engaged in the construction of a military bridge across the 
 river named. 
 
 Instruction in signaling has not been general throughout the Army. 
 In the Department of Arizona, nineteen men have been instructed in 
 Hag and heliogTaph signaling, the "general-service code" only being 
 used. Stations have been established connecting Fort liowie with 
 camp on Gila Kiver; other stations connecting Camp Price with Fort 
 P>owie are in process of establishment. This will give almost instanta- 
 neous communication with department headquarters and all other 
 points connected by telegraph.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 345 
 
 Regular target practice has beeu continued, as during tlie few years 
 ])nnions, and I quote from the annual reports of the several inspectors, 
 i() sliow the result in their respective departments. 
 
 Department of Arizona : 
 
 Jiistmction in target practice has lieeu somewhat irregular, owing to constant field 
 service. * * * There are some men in each troop and company who attain a very 
 liigh percentage in liring, but not much improvement is observed in the majority, 
 wlu) advance to a certain point and there remain, manifesting very litthi int<?re,st in 
 this important duty; the apparent reason for this state of affairs being that the men 
 are constantly employed as laborers in building and repairing, they being taken, for 
 tlie moment, from their work to the target-ground, made to nre, and then return ti» 
 work again. 
 
 Department of Dakota: 
 
 The target ranges are good, and great interest is generally taken in the target 
 record . 
 
 Department of the East: 
 
 Small-arm practice has received unremitting attention throughout the department, 
 and the great improvement made is manifest in the recent firings at competitions 
 under the supervision of the oflicer specially detailed for that duty. 
 
 1 )epartment of the Platte : 
 
 Target practice lias created a great deal of enthusiasm .ind rivalry among the troops 
 of this command. I recognize fully its importance, but it should be kept within ra- 
 tional bounds. The excessive and constant practice at shooting is beginning to be 
 irksome to the men, and I doubt whether their improvement in tbe use of the rifle is 
 as great in the last year as the year previous. Formerly tbe men took great delight 
 in this practice, but having become a task, the soldiers form any sort of excuse to be 
 relieved of it; besides, the other duties of the post, which are equally as important 
 and as conducive to the interests of the service, are absorbed in tliis drxideratum — tar- 
 get practice. I am, therefore, of the opinion, which is shared in by many officers 
 whose judgment can be relied upou, that this practice is excessive and overdone, and 
 should be curbed. 
 
 Department of Texas : 
 
 Tai get practice has been earnestly carried on at some posts, but proper interest and 
 proficiency in it are wajiting at others. There has been almost no firiHg monuted, 
 •'ither with carbine or pistol. 
 
 Recommendations are made for the abandonment of many posts 
 which, from tlie changes on our frontier, have become useless as mili- 
 tary stations. 
 
 The necessity that formerly existed for many small and detached mil- 
 itary posts having greatly diminished, a concentration of troops at 
 fewer posts and in larger garrisons would doubtless iu many ways 
 result in greater efiiciencj' and economj-. Large commands, under an 
 oflicer of rank, are naturally productive of better discipline than small 
 ones, and have a tendency to foster more generous and unseltish feel- 
 ings among ollicors. Where the garrison is large there is every oppor- 
 1 unity for valuable drill and instruction; wl^'reas, at a small garrisoned 
 ])<)st, the larger i)ortion of the command is absorbed in extra and daily 
 duty, &c., it being sometimes aluiost impossible to retain enough men 
 for rudimentary drills and exercise. Thus practice is lost, and there 
 is no emulation among companies. 
 
 On this subject Inspector-General Davis remarks as follows: 
 
 Tli<> extra and daily duty ronuired of the troops at small posts and commands inter- 
 feres mncti with their jnllitarv instruction. The reports and data that I have becTi 
 able to examine show gcntTally only about r)0 per cent, to GO per cent, of th«i "pres- 
 ent and absent ' i)rcsfnt for duty. A large percentage of this dilference are on extra 
 jinil daily duty, employed at mechanical trades and labor in the erection and repairs 
 of i>ost buildings, ground impn)v»'n)ents, &c., which materially reduces the strength 
 of the ( oiiiiiiauds for militaiy sfrvit-e. 
 
 Much of this c<instant lal)or of the troops is necessitated by the large nnmber of 
 small posts, and by their shifting, nou-permancut character.
 
 346 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Tlie necessity formerly exiaiiii<f for Tiiany of the small posts and camps lias, in my 
 oinniou, coasod, and the concisntration ot troops into larger coininiiinlH at importaut 
 miiiliiry ccnh^rs, wlu-ro thy rcqiiisito buildings are, or should Ix;, erected, will conduce 
 to the fi;(m(!ral welfare of tliii Army, riiise (o a higher standard its diNciplino and 
 efficiency, 1)0 more economical to llic •■•eiieral government, ahate dese.rtioiis, which are 
 fre(pn.nt, and I'acilitate the movement of troops, either in operations a<j;ainst Indian 
 hosiilities or in sni)i>ressin<f riots and ])rotectin<i life and jtrojurty in the Jarj^e centers 
 <»f population, for which latter pnrpost) there si'cms to he a ^rowinj; iuipression with 
 the. intelligent and husii.eHs portion of the peoide that the Army must be relieil upon, 
 and that its strength should bo increased. 
 
 The. appropriation for construction and repair of bnrraclcs and quar- 
 ters lias been ])ropei'ly exj)ended, and, considering;' the hu-<;'e number of 
 posts to \vlnGh this amount lias been distributed, the public buildings 
 are in fair condition. 
 
 On the subject of desertions, luspector-Geueral Davis says: 
 
 The canse of the numerous desertions that have taken place and are occurring 
 weekly, and the reason for the idea among the enlisted men, to some extent, that the 
 act of desertion is not a criminal offense, but only a breach of trust, should, it seems, 
 he inquired into and ascertained, if possible, that this evil to and stain upon the 
 Army nuxy be eradicated. 
 
 Maj. A. K. Arnold renews his recommendation of last year, that the 
 reward for apprehension of deserters be increased to $100. 
 
 The subject of post schools has received mitch attention and consid- 
 erable outlay of money has been made. The result attained is well set 
 forth in the following extract from General Davis's annual report: 
 
 Schools for enlisted men have proved only a partial success. AVant of suitable teach- 
 ers and school-room accommodation are reasons sometimes given for this. The disin- 
 clination of men to coufiue themselves to study after their daily work or military duty 
 is probably one of the principal reasons for non-attendance and partial failure. The 
 colored troops, it is rej)orted, manifest little interest in the schools. 
 
 To create, on the part of the enlisted men, greater interest in the schools, and secure 
 their attendance, it seems that some additional inducement might be offered, viz, that 
 uou-conuiussioned officers should be appointed from the best educated and most intel- 
 ligent men, other things being equal, and that their pay should be considerably in- 
 creased, so tliat their position would be raised to a higher standard and be more highly 
 prized. The same rule might he applied for clerical positions, viz, that men well 
 qualified as clerks should be apijoiuted as such at division, department, and post head- 
 quarters, for post quartermasters and commissaries, and as company clerks, receiving 
 a graded, hut increased pay. Should some experiment of this kind succeed, it Avould 
 beneiit the military service generally. 
 
 At permanent posts, lamps and rainertil oil have taken the jAnce of 
 candles for lighting public quarters. The introduction of this mode of 
 illumination is a great imi)rovemeut on the old style, and is duly appre- 
 ciated by the soldiers. 
 
 It is impossible at present to determine how much oil is absolutely 
 necessary for the wants of the ])<)sts, but steps have been taken to as- 
 certain. It a])i)ears to me that mineral oil should be issued to troops 
 as is fuel, as public propAty for their use, and that any oil not ac- 
 tually consumed in each month should be tleducted from the requisi- 
 tion for the next month, amounting to the same thing, as in the case of 
 surplus fuel, "the amount not actually consumed must be returned to 
 the quartermaster." Complaint has been made that the tin cans in 
 which the oil is shipped are too fragile, a great amount being lost by 
 leakage ; also, that the chimneys furnished are of i)Oor quality and easily 
 broken. 
 
 The following, from the annual report of Assistant Inspector-General 
 Eoger Jones, showing the detrimental action of an existing regulation 
 (528, Army Kegulations), I deem worthy ot' consideration: 
 
 In one of my rejiorts 1 took occasion to remark on the eftVct of the regulation which 
 deprives the enlisted man of all the gain or saving of the dour ijortiou of Ms ration.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 347 
 
 UndfT existing regulations, all flour in excess of what is necessary to give the soldier 
 18 ounces of bread goes to the ]»()st fund, and eoinj)any otticers are consequently com- 
 pelled to purchase such tlour as may he needeil in jtrepariiig food for their men. Thus 
 Avhat is provided and intended for the maintenance of the soldier is diviTted to other 
 purposes, and has to be purchased with funds arising from sale of savings of other 
 ])ortion3 of the ration. 
 
 Ju the interest of the soldier, it is respijctfully suggested that a modification of the 
 regulation governing this matter should bo made to the extent of allowing the issue 
 to companies of a ])ortion of the savings of flour — say, two ounces per day i)er ration. 
 
 The national cemeteries, wliieli have been inspecteil as required by 
 General Orders No. 17, Adjutant-General's Otli(;e, of 1882, are reported 
 to be in iine condition. 
 
 T]ie post cemeteries are not in good condition, and I invite special 
 attention to the following extract from the annual report of ]\Iaj. liichard 
 Arnold : 
 
 The post cemeteries seem to call for more attention. Those sacred idaces are almost 
 forgotten in some instances, anil Aery little, if anything, is done to beautify or keej) 
 them in proper condition. I would suggest that some such interest as is manifested 
 for national cemeteries be shown for i)ost cemeteries ; that marble stones be substi- 
 tuted for wooden head-boards; that neat and appro]triate fences be constructed; 
 and that some appropriation be made lor beautifying and keeping the grounds in 
 Older. 
 
 In my annual report for last year I called attention to the fact that 
 General Orders ISTo. 24, Adjutant-General's Office, February 22, 1881, in 
 regard to the sale of intoxicating liquor at military jmsts, was not hav- 
 ing the desired effect of promoting or inducing tem})erance in the Army, 
 and I again invite attention to the views of some inspecting oOicers on 
 this subject. 
 
 Lieut. Col. W. B. Eoyall, Department of the Platte, says : 
 
 As regards the sale of spirituous liquors at military posts and on military reserva- 
 tions, I'would respectfully call atteuti(Ui to my remarks upon this subject contained 
 in my last annual report. I am still of the opinion that a moditicatiou of the onlers, 
 allowing a restricted sale of li([Uors, would be for the be.st interests of the service. 
 As it is now the eidisted men go to the outskirts of the n^servatiou, or some secret spot 
 within the reservation, to obtain the vilest kind of liquor. Under rigid rules and 
 ]t('nalties, to be closely observed by inspectors, the sale of intoxicating liquors by post- 
 traders could be kept within decency. 
 
 Maj. A. K. Arnold, Department of Arizona, says : 
 
 Notwithstanding the order forbidding the sale of intoxicating liquors by post-traders, 
 the men obtain it, the order being a premium for liquor venders to i)itch their camps 
 as near n'servatious as possible ami sell the vilest compounds. It would be better 
 to control the evil at the jiosts, as these dens li'iid to absence, desertion, debauchery, 
 and in sevfial instauci-s to drunken brawls, rcsulling in death hy tin- fii'(' use of the 
 knife and i>istol. 'these places arc also the receptacles for stolen public property. 
 
 The Indian question has long engaged the attention and study ot 
 military men, statesmen, i»liilanthroj)ists, and others. Diversity of 
 opinion is not wanting, and it may be a long time belore a correct solu- 
 tion is obtained, and the "problem,'' as many term it, demonslrated. 
 
 In this connection, all facts from a reliable source and the views of 
 those who are brought into actual contact with our aboriginal p()i)ula- 
 tion are of value, anil iVom the annual reports of Col. N. iJ. Davis and 
 ]Maj. A. K. Arnold ! present the following interesting statements : 
 
 Colonel Davis remarks: 
 
 There have been no Indian hostilities of much note in the division (Missouri), ex- 
 cept Irom the Apaches in New Mexieit and Arizona. Outbreaks in other tribes have 
 been thrc:itened. They require constant watching anil the restraining iuOueuco of a 
 military force to ])reserve the peace and protect the frontier settlements. 
 
 Trouiile with Indians sometimes arises from causes for which they may not be held 
 responsible. The following, being au extract from the report of an inspection of 
 Fort Shaw, Montana, is submitted in connection with this subject: 
 
 "Some weeks since, Mr. Young, agent for tho Pieguu Iudian||i at the Blackfoct
 
 348 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Agency, 80 miles iiortli of this post, adtlivssed ine a coinnniiiication, representing 
 Ihat lie had received an order from the Indian Department, directing that the amount 
 of ration issued his tribe should bo re<luced ; that he was fearful of the consequences, 
 and desiring tliat troo])s should be sent to this neighborhood. 
 
 " Ocneral Rnger, to whom the matter was referred, directed me to order Captain 
 Moale, Avith Company A, Third Infantry, and a mounted detachment of twelve men 
 (encam))od at 'Whoop-np Crossing,' on the Marias Kiver) to take post within 12 
 miles of tli(^ agejicy, on ]}irch Creelc, to Avhich point I was snbseqiiejilly ordered to 
 send (,'a))tain KenI", with Companies F and (i, Tliird Infantry. 
 
 " These troops .ire still in camp there Whilst the i^iegans are quiet, I think there 
 can >ie no jiossible doul)t that Ihei/ arc sinijily hi a slarriii;/ couditioH. I have mail-e 
 ])i(»p('r rc}»resi'n1ations through General Rnger, asking that a j-cliabh! insjM'clor hi 
 sent to the agency to make .'i thorough investigation, accompanied by tlie report ol 
 Captains Kent and Moale and Lieutenant Hannay, setting forth the rcsuKs of t'lieir 
 observations. Hard, hard indeed, is the lot of this little band, whose conduct has 
 ))een remarkably good, considering the very trying circnmstances to which they have 
 ])een subjected. If, indeed, their mute appeal for help should fail to receive ]iropev 
 recognit ion, I can only hope that the attention of kindly disposed persons throughout 
 the States may in some way lie called to their case, in order that mucli needed aid 
 may reach them at an early juoment. 
 
 "GEORGE GIBSON, 
 " Lieutenant- Coloyiel Third Tnfaniry." 
 
 Maj. A. K. Arnold (Arizona) says as follows: 
 
 Since my last anniial report four Indian outbreaks have occurred. 
 
 The tirst, known as the Cibicu affair, occurred on the 30th day of August, 1881. 
 The second, known as the Chiricahua outbreak, occurred on the 29th of September, 
 18-^1. The history of these outbreaks is well known, and for information in regard to 
 them I refer to the annual and supplementary reports of the department commander, 
 for the year 1881. 
 
 The third outbreak occurred on the 19tli of April, 1882, when Loco, with his band 
 of Warm Spring Indians, left the San Carlos Reservation, being aided by the Chi- 
 ricahua bauds of Juh, Geronimo, and Nachize, who broke from the reservation in 
 September, 1881, and have roamed in Mexico ever since. It appears that ])ortions of 
 the above bauds left Mexico in small parties, coming into Arizona via New Mexico, 
 first rendezvousing in the mountains, on tlie western borders of New Mexico, and 
 when all was ready, appeared at Steven's Ranch, on Eagle Creek, Arizona, committing 
 depredations, and from that point sending aid to Loco, on the reservation, wBo, with 
 his band, consisting of about thirty warriors and a number of women and children, 
 left, moving east, crossing the San Francisco River in the vicinity of Clifton ; 
 thence moving south in the Peloncillo Range, New Mexico, ci'ossing the San Simon 
 Valley to the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, and, recrossing it, moved in a south- 
 eastei-ly direction towards Janos, Mexico. Troops were promptly put in pursuit ; 
 others were l>roiight into position to head the Indians off; the result being tliat they 
 were overtaken (in the Las Animas Mountains, New Mexico, April 24, 1882) by the 
 troops of tliis department (Arizona), under the command of Capt. T. C. Tupper, 
 Sixth Cavalry, who handled them severely, killing seventeen warriors and captur- 
 ing seventy-live head of stock; his own loss being very slight, one enlisted man 
 killed and one wounded. The retreating Indians were the next day struck by the 
 Mexican troops, and after a severe struggle, it is said, were almost annihilated. From 
 the time the band left the reservation to the time when it was struck by the troops 
 in the Las Animas Mountains, forty-two civilians had been murdered or maimed. 
 
 The fourth outbreak occurred in July last. On issue day, July 6, a number of the 
 Cibicu renegades and scouts killed tlie chief of police, Colvig, and one of the Indian 
 police. These Indians then started oil', going in a northerly direction, being heard of 
 tirst at McMillenville, where they burned several houses and wounded one man. Con- 
 tinuing towards Salt River, they committed depredations and ran off the horses of a 
 company of militia from Globe, who had gone after them. From Sfilt River they pro- 
 ceeded up Cherry Creek to Pleasant Valley, aud after running oti" some stock and 
 killing several persons living in Pleasant Valley, continued their course northward. 
 Troo])s were dispatched as soon as possible from Forts Apache, McDowell, Thomas, 
 and AYhip])le Barracks, all converging on the trail leading into the MogoUon Mount- 
 ains about where it crossed the East Fork of the Verde. Capt. A. R. Chatfee, Sixth 
 Cavalry, beiug a day ahead of the other columns, came upon the Indians, well fortified, 
 at a point in Dry Wash Caiion, about 8 miles north of General's Spring. He com- 
 menced an attack upon them, and was soonjoiued by the column from Apache, under 
 Maj. A. W. Evans, Third Cavalry. A severe engagement, lasting until night, was 
 fought, in which sixteen warriors wer<> killed, seven women and children captured, 
 wtth all the stock, consisting of one hundred or more head, killed or captured. 
 
 All other Indians in the department have been at peace. The Hualpais, about 700
 
 REPORT OF The secretary of wak. 340 
 
 stroug, wlio roam 'lO to 100 uiilcs north and west of Prescott, are in a ba<l condi- 
 tion. Their himtiug-grouuds and water-holes have all been taken np by ranchmen, 
 w'lio, it \» reported, in some eases, liave refused them water even for drinking pur- 
 ])Oses. It may be tiiilj' said that they have no place to live or anything to subsist 
 upon. The few seeds they gather ami the iej>tiles they catch are nol sulhcient for 
 them. Tliey become restive during tlie winter, and I believe have only been kept 
 from marauding because the War Department has fed them. 
 
 It is recommended that a reservation bo set apart for them, and that it be placed 
 nnder the charge of the War Department, as these Indians have the fullest contidence 
 in the officers, who have had everything to do with them since they were whipped into 
 submission. " » " \yg J^avo now among us several tribes whose bearing towards 
 us is peaceful, and has been i'nr a number of years. Among them are the Yumas, on 
 the Colorado IJiver, and the Hualpais, north and west of us. These Indians, because 
 they do not go on the war-path, are neglected; they are living in abject poverty, 
 and are becoming more and more debase<l by contact with the whites. .Something 
 should be done to reclaim them. It is suggested |hat this matter be brought to the 
 notice of the authorities wh» have the power to ameliorate and better the conilition 
 of the tribes. 
 
 The quarterly inspections of Leavenworth Military Prison, required 
 by law, have been made during the year by Inspector-General Davis, 
 and he refers thereto in his annual report as follows : 
 
 The condition of the military prison, at my ditferent inspections thereof, has been 
 excellent, and the systom of its management, under the charge of Jivt. Col. A. P. 
 Blunt, captain, A. Q. M., its governor, is admirable and in accordance with the law 
 for its establishment. 
 
 At present all the boots and shoes, ambulance audiuulc harness, brooms, and cliairs 
 for the Army are manufactured there by tie jjiisoners, in addition to other shop 
 work; ami a large number of the prisoners are employed outside the prison, at w(uk 
 in connection with the erection of new buildings at Fort Leavenworth, or on account 
 of said post. * » * i recommend that an oflicer of suitable rank be appointed as 
 assistant to Colonel Blunt. Colonel Bluut's etticient executive ability and thorough 
 knowledge of machinery make him especially well fitted for the responsible and im- 
 ])ortjmt ]K)sition of governor; and, in consideration of liis threat res]>onsibilities, long- 
 continued aiul eflicient labors, resulting in the great success of this institution, I re- 
 iterate my recommendations heretofore made, and urge that, in him|dc justice, he 
 should have the ])aj' of his brevet rank of colonel, to which he has been assigned by 
 the President of the United States. 
 
 The matter of horse medicines, I think, requires looking into. The 
 list of these medicines has grown to be very large, aiul the quantity 
 furnished to companies is far beyond the necessities of the service. 
 The grojiter portion sent is i^ot needed and is never used; so I am in- 
 formed by experienced cavalry officers. A large amount of money could 
 be saved yearly by a careful ehmination from the list of those medicines 
 rarely used and not actually needed. , 
 
 In former times, Avhen a captain of cavalry was his own veterinary 
 surgeon, and coidd ha\'e a small quantity of ah)es, glauher .salts, blue- 
 stone, castile soap, and luustang liniment, with a bottle of ammonia (for 
 snake bites) on hand, he felt himself anq)lysui)pIiod for anyemcrgtMicy. 
 At the present time there is no end to the kimls of horse me<li('incs [)iu"- 
 chased (not really needed), and at a very considerable outlay of mont'y. 
 I do not see that the cavalry mounts of the present day are in any better 
 condition than those of former times, nor do they last any greater num- 
 ber of years. 
 
 The General of the Army, in his last annual report, recommended an 
 increase of seven officers for the lns])ect<»r-Cienerars J)e])artment, the 
 honorable Secretary of War concurring in the recommendation of the 
 General. Bills for an increase of the d<^partment were introduced in 
 both Houses during the last session of Congress. The department cer- 
 taiidy shoidd be increased, and by about the number of otlicers sug- 
 gested by General tSherinan. 
 
 1 tnist the General will r<'new this recommendation in his report for 
 the present year. I can see no reason why there slioidd be any objec-
 
 350 PAPERS ACCOMPANYmG THE 
 
 tioiV from any source to this incrcaso; juul were the matter ]>roperly 
 presente<l, I think Conp<'ss wonhl see and appreciate the imj)(>rtance 
 and nselnlness of the Inspector- General's Department, and the necessity 
 for more oilicers therein. 
 
 Tlio department now consists (as the law is construed) of fiv(5 olTieers 
 only. Ei<;ht oilicers, in addition, are detaihnl from the line for duty 
 therein ; the services of this number l)eing indispensable for the proper 
 performance of the duties of the department. Could it be increased by 
 five oflicers, selected from the Army solely for their known j,'entlemanly 
 and soldierly qualities, the department would be made indei)endent, 
 self-reliant, and efficient, and would be rendered in the highest degree 
 useful and beneficial to the military service. 
 
 The detail of the eight officers for duty in the department deprives 
 the regiments to which they belong of their services, and on many occa- 
 sions when much needed. 
 
 During the recent Indian outbreak in Arizona, two cavalry regiments 
 were, each of them, deprived of the services of a valuable field officer. 
 No doubt these officers regretted exceedingly being on detached service 
 while their regiments were engaged in active field operations. But, 
 OAving to the importance of their duties to the Inspector-General's De- 
 partment, they could not be relieved ; and their services, when much 
 wanted, were lost to the regiments. 
 
 It appears to me no more than reasonable and wise that the depart- 
 ment should be composed of a sufficient number of efficient and ener- 
 getic officers for the full and ])roper performance of its duties ; and that 
 regiments should not be deprived of their most valuable officers by de- 
 tails that detach them permanently from their legitimate duties with 
 their regiments. 
 
 I wish to call attention to a class of officers of the Army who, in my 
 judgment, should have been especially provided for in the legislation 
 on compulsory retirement. I regard it the province of the Inspector- 
 General, perhaps more than that of any other officer in the Army, to 
 call attention to any matter in which he conceives an officer or a class 
 of officers has not received just recognition for meritorious services ren- 
 dered. 
 
 I refer to the officers of the Army who* during the war of the rebel- 
 lion, held the commission of major-general or brigadier-general ; who 
 commanded an army, corps, division, or brigade in the field and in bat- 
 tle ; and who, at the close of the war, received no promotion in the way 
 of reward for their war services, and who returned to their places and 
 duties in their respective corps or regiments, without any increase of 
 rank over that held by them at the breaking out of the insurrection. 
 These officers (few in number), I contend, are, by right, justly entitled to 
 have their war services recognized in some honorable and fitting man- 
 ner by their government. 
 
 A simple method to this end would be the enactment of a law giving 
 to anv one of this class of officers, on reaching the legal age for retire- 
 mentj the rank and retired pay of the next higher grade to the one he 
 holds. 
 
 I make this suggestion, hoping that the honorable Secretary of AVar 
 and the Genc^ral of the Ai-my may coincide with my vicAvs, and that 
 they may feel justified in recommending and urging upon Congress 
 favorable legislation for the benefit of these deserving officers. A\'hat 
 is here asked has been — in at least two instances— extended to oflicers 
 through special legislation, who were in no Avay more deserving of this 
 reward than the officers for whom general legislation is now suggested.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 3ol 
 
 It may not be out of place for me to state here that, personally, I vcniUl 
 lie in no way alfi'cted or benelited by the enactment of a law to this end. 
 
 Another matter, could it l)e accomi)lished, would be, in time of peace, 
 of the greatest value to the iService. Xow that the Army has been {^iveu 
 compulsoiy retireiuent, it shouhl likewise be given compulsory promo- 
 tion, or i)romotion by seniority, to the very highest grades. 
 
 This, once brought about, would, in my opinion, result in the great- 
 est good to the Arniy. It would destroy and end, in a great measure, 
 all strife, intrigue, <S:c., for place and promotion. It would certainly 
 relieve the President, Secretary of War, General of the Army, Adju- 
 tant-General, Senators, Kepreseutatives, and many others of a world of 
 importunity, annoyance, and vexation. 
 
 During- time of peace, promotion by seniority to the chief in each de- 
 partment, corps, and bureau of the statf, and in the line to the grade 
 of major-general (to General and Lieutenant General should these grades 
 be continued), would be far more equitable, would give just as etlicient 
 officers, and would give more general satisfaction to the Army than pro- 
 motion by selection. Inlluence could not be made to outweigh ability, 
 merit, and long, faithful, and honorable service. An ohicer who hail 
 given the best years of his life to his country, serving it, nnder all cir- 
 cumstances, faithfully, honestly, and with credit, and had after long 
 years reached the raidc of colonel, might stand some little chance of 
 being retired from active service as a brigadier-general, while younger 
 men can well afford to await their turn. 
 
 Could proper legislation be had to this end, the benefit that would 
 accrue to the Army by the elimination of all scheming, strife, intrigue, 
 and influence for i)romotiou would be of inestimable value in elevating 
 its tone, honor, and morale. 
 
 I desire to call attention to the working of the rules laid down in Gen- 
 eral Orders i^To. 80, of 1876, on leaves of absence. 
 
 By referring to the order it will be seen that four acts of Congress are 
 involved, viz, those of 1863, 18G-I, 1874, and 1S7G. They are numbered 
 and referred to in the order as 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively. 
 
 By No. 1, all ofticers whilst on ordinary leave forfeit half their pay and 
 allowances; Xo. U amends Xo. 1 so as to give ollicers thirty days' leave 
 in any one year without forfeiture of pjiy or allowances ; Ko. 3 i>rovides 
 that all officers stationed Avest of Omaha and north of southern boun- 
 dary of Arizona should be allowed sixty days' leave in two years, or 
 three months in three years, or four months in four year i)eriods; and 
 No. 4 extends the same privilege to all officers wherever stationed, and 
 thus, so far as ])rivileges are concerned, as completely rei)laces and super- 
 sedes the previous laws 1, 2, 3 as if the latter were rei)ealed. 
 
 It is the rule laid down in the general order for charging leaves of 
 absence that makes the mischief, and virtually abrogates the benefits 
 conferred by the law of 1876. The ruling is based, 1 understand, on 
 the idea that all the laws are in force, and all the decisions of the Comp- 
 troller or the Treasury nnder each law juust have effect. Although the 
 last law supersedes tlie others, especially the second, so as to allow offi- 
 cers to accunudate their leaves so as not to exceed four months at a 
 time (or in any given four-year period). 
 
 This is done by charging any leave an officer may take (see menio- 
 raiKlum and examjiles, pages 5, 6, 7 of order), first, to thecurient leave 
 year (although the leave for that year be not yet earued), until its 
 month is exhausted; second (after the allowance for the current year 
 is exhausted), to the next preceding year until all its credits" are 
 exhausted ; third, to the next or second preceding year iu like manner;
 
 .'>52 TAPERS ACCOMPANYING TIFE 
 
 jiiul, fonrtli, to the m-xt or third ])r('<;odins leave yc;u'. All credits in 
 any year prewnliii^- the tbiirtli (counted backward) an; foifeited by liiiiita- 
 ti«n. 
 
 This system is complicated and oppressive, and it coiiqiletely defeats 
 the object of tlie law, whicli was to allow oli[i(;ers one month's hiave for 
 each year of service, with the pi-ivilege of accnmnlating ibur months. 
 Whatever the necessity for this rule at the time, becanse of jirevions 
 laws and leaves granted nnder tliem, the lapse of time has removed the 
 necessity, and officers shonld now have the full benefit of the law. 
 
 The remedy is simple. Let all leaves of absence l)e charged against 
 the months' leaves that have been longest due. Tlie law admits of this, 
 and it is the reasonable rule. Any leave taken should cancel the leave 
 longest due, and an officer having leaves due him for 1880, 1881, 1882, 
 and 1883, ought not to be compelled, whether or not, to take those of 
 1883, 1882, and 1881 "before he could be allowed to take that of 1880, 
 which he had a perfect right to take, four years ago. 
 
 The law intended, evidently, that an officer should be allowed, if his 
 services could be spared, at the rate of one month in a year, with the 
 right to accumulate. It is not just to establish a rule by which he is 
 deiu'ived of this alloAvance of time by a mod(3 of reckoning which will 
 force him to give up his time, or take it when he does not want it. 
 
 The law ought to be repealed altogether; it arose out of the necessi- 
 ties of the war; worked badly in everj' respect ; has greatly extended 
 the struggle to get orders, so as to save forfeiture; and we can well 
 return to the old system by which, when their services could be spared, 
 officers could get leaves from their commanders. 
 
 In compliance with instructions received from the War Department, 
 I reported to Lieuten ant-General Sheridan, in time to accompany him 
 on a tour of inspection and reconnaissance through a portion of his 
 military division. 
 
 Left Chicago, August 1, and proceeded by rail as far as Green Ki>er 
 station on the Union Pacific Road, and by wheels to Fort Washakie, 
 Wyo. From this military post, on the Little AViud liiver, took saddle- 
 horses and pack-animals, crossed to the main Wind Eiver,' ascended 
 this stream to its very source ; then crossed over the Continental Di- 
 vide (by a most excellent and easy pass, heretofore unknown) to the 
 headwaters of the East Fork of the Gros Ventre Eiver ; down this to 
 the Gros Ventre, and down the latter river to near its junction with 
 Snake Eiver, in the basin just under and east of the famous Tetons. 
 Thence north, along the Snake and the shores of Jackson, Lewis, and 
 Shoshone Lakes, crossing again the Continental Divide, to the head- 
 waters of the I'irehole River, and down it to the Upper and Lower 
 Geyser Basins — the Wonder Land. 
 
 From here crossed the divide separating the waters of the Madison 
 from those of the Yellowstone, visited the wonders of this last-named 
 river, and then along its left bank to Baronett's Bridge, where it was 
 crossed. From this point, by an easterly course up and along the East 
 Fork of the Yellowstone and Bute Creek, to the source of this latter 
 stream at Cook City, a tow]i surrouiided by extraordinarih' rich silver 
 and gold mines. 
 
 From this mining town passed over a high divide to the headwaters of 
 Clark's Fork: thence across the snow-capped Beartooth Mountains, rc- 
 jyorted impassable hi/ old mountain {inide-s familiar with the country, and 
 the Jirst time ever snccessfully passed over by troops. Descended from this 
 range of mountains, by a precipitous trail, into the valley of Clark's 
 Fork below or east of its famous eanon, and down the wide and beauti-
 
 KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 853 
 
 fill valley ol' Clark's Fork to its (leboiichuie iu the Yellowstoue. At 
 this point, the Yellowstone was crossed by a good ford, and, after a march 
 of 4 miles along- its left bank, took, on August 31, tUe cai\s on the North- 
 ern Pacific llailway, and in the afternoon of September 3 reached Chi- 
 cago. 
 
 For almost the entire distance from Fort Washakie to the railway 
 bridge crossing the Yellowstone at Coulsou, tlie scenery is grand beyond 
 description, (irasses for ])asturage, rich and nutritious; timber abun- 
 dant, and of good size; and everywhere numerous tine, clear, cold, rapid 
 streams of most excellent water (teeming with trout) are to be found. 
 Kich placer gold mines have been discovered and are being worked in 
 the Teton Basin, on the (Iros Ventre and on the Buffalo Fork ot Snake 
 lliver. 
 
 The distance made by rail was 2,715 miles, on wlieels 150 miles, and 
 in the saddle 442, making the total distance traveled 3,307 miles. 
 
 1 merely allude, in a concise manner, to this exceedingly interesting 
 and enjoyable reconnaissance, knowing that, under the direction of the 
 Lieutenant-Geueral, Lieuteuaut-Colonel Gregory, aide-de-camp, will ren- 
 der a very complete and entertaining rei)ort to the War Department. 
 
 For reasons fully set forth by my predecessor, General 11. B. ]\rarc3-, 
 and in my annual report for last year, 1 renew my recomnn^ndation 
 that the Inspector-CJenerars Department be placed on an erpial footing 
 with other staff departments as regards clerical assistance, and urge that 
 in the next annual estimates for the Army an item of 84,800 be inserted, 
 for payment of three third-class clerks for service in the olhce of Inspect- 
 or-General at headquarters of the Military Divisions of the Missouri, 
 tlie Atlantic, and the Pacific. 
 
 Kespectfully submitted. 
 
 D. B. SACKET, 
 Briyadier and Inspector General, U. S. A. 
 
 The ADJlITA]NT-(iENERAL, UNITED STATES ARMY. 
 
 Note. — In the matter of the Piegan Indians, referred to in the in- 
 spection of Fort Shaw, I have been informed, since this report was pre- 
 pared, that the Commissioner of Indian Affairs has ordered the con- 
 tractors to deliver to the tribe 25 per centum additional beef and flour. 
 
 KEPURT Ol'^ LlEUTENANT-GENEPtAL SlilOlilDAN. 
 
 J1eadquartp:rs ^Military Division of the Missouri, 
 
 Chicago, III., October 20, 1882. 
 
 General: Foi- tlu' informiition of the Genernl of tlie Army, I have 
 the honor ta submit the following report, covering operations within the 
 limits of my command during the i)ast year, and inclose herewith the 
 ie])orts of the several department (iommandeis. 
 
 Since my last annual report, <lated October 22, 18S1, no change has 
 taken })l;ice in tlie organi/ation of tlie division, wliich consists of the 
 Departments of Dakota, the I'latte, the, ^Missouri, and Texas, 
 
 Tlie Department of Dalcota is commanded by l>iig. Gen. A. Il.'i'eiry. 
 I'lid eomi)risesthe State of .Minnesota and the Territories of Dakota and 
 ^Montana. It is garrisoned by twenty permanent posts, a camp at l'oi»- 
 lar Kiver, Montana, and a cantonment at Bad Lands, which is ordered 
 abandoned. ^ 
 
 23 Ab
 
 354 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The Dopartineiit of the Platto. ooniprises the States of Iowa and Ne- 
 ]>r:i8ka, the Territories of Wyoniiiifr and Utah, and a portion of Idaho. 
 It contains fourteen ]Kinnanent ]>osts, ineludinfj tiie new ])0st of Fort 
 Thornbnr;ih. l>riff. (Jen. George Crook was relieved from command of 
 this dei)artment by Brig. Gen. O. O. Howard on September 1 last. 
 
 The IJepartment of tlie Missouri is commanded by Brig. Gen. John 
 Pope, and comprises the States of Illinois, Missouri, Kansiis, and Colo- 
 ra(lo, the Indian Territory, and the Territory of New Mexico, together 
 with the posts of Fort Elliott and Fort Bliss, Texas. The department 
 is garrisoned by twenty permanent posts, with camps at White Itiver 
 and at the Uucompahgro Kiver, in Colorado, and one at Snake River, 
 in AVyoming. 
 
 The Department of Texas consists of the State of Texas, and is com- 
 manded by Brig. Gen. C. C. Augnr. The garrisons include ten perma- 
 nent posts, two of which, Forts McKavett and Stockton, have been 
 ordered abandoned, and ten camps and subposts along the south- 
 western frontier. 
 
 During the past yeiiT the force in the division has been reduced by 
 the transfer of the Third Cavalry from the Department of the Platte, 
 and the First Infantry from the Department of Texas, to the Military 
 Division of the Pacific. The Third Cavalry was at first ordered to be 
 replaced by the Twelfth Infantry from the Division of the Pacific, but 
 the last-named regiment was immediately transferred to the Military 
 Division of the Atlantic, and in lieu thereof three light batteries of 
 artillery were ordered from that division. To garrison the military 
 posts in this division there are now seven regiments of cavalry, nine- 
 teen regiments of infantry, and four batteries of light artillery, aggre- 
 gating 13,854 officers and men, distributed as follows: 
 
 Department of Dakota — two regiments of cavalry, 1,284; seven regi- 
 ments of infantry, 3,243; one battery of light artillery, Co; total, 4,5U2. 
 
 Department of the Platte — one regiment of cavalry, 65li; three regi- 
 ments of infantry, 1,323 ; one battery of light artillery. Go ; total, 2,040. 
 
 Department of the Missouri — two regiments of cavalry, 1,413 ; six 
 regiments of infantry, 2,844; and one battery of light artillery, 05. 
 Stationed at the school of application for cavalrj-^ and infantry, at Fort 
 Leavenworth, Kans., besides companies belonging to other departments 
 of this division, viz: Troops G, Seventh Cavalry, 57, and M, Eighth Cav- 
 alry, 62; Companies A, Fourth Infantry, 39, and G, Eleventh Infantry, 
 42. There are also one troop of the Third Cavalry and one company of 
 the First Infantry, both of which belong to regiments transferred dur- 
 ing the past year to the Division of the Pacific. Total strength of troops 
 in the Department of the Missouri, 4,626. 
 
 Department of Texas — two regiments of cavalry, 1,383; three regi- 
 ments of infantry, 1,413, and one battery of light artillery, 65 (not yet 
 reported for duty); total, 2,796. 
 
 From the foregoing dei)artment effective totals, the following deduc- 
 tions are to be made of troops serving at the present time as garrison 
 of the cavalry and infantry schools at Fort Leavenworth : 
 
 Department of Dakota, one troop of cavalry, 57; and one comx^any 
 of infantry, 42; total, 99. 
 
 Department of the Platte, one comi)any of infantry, 39. 
 
 Department of Texas, one troop of cavalry, 62. 
 
 Department of the Missouri, headquarters, baud, and two companies 
 of the Twentieth Infantry, 128; one troop Fourth Cavalry, 55; one bat- 
 tery of light artillery, 65; total, 248.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. OOO 
 
 One lieuttiuant from eacli of the cavalry and infantry rcsi"iei'ts f»f 
 the Army is detailed for instruction at the school. 
 
 In the De])artment of Dakota unusual (iniet has jirevailcd durinj^ the 
 ]>ast j'ear. The Northern Pacitic Kailroad has ])ro}iivssed westward 
 with great rapidity, and bids fair to reach Bozeman hy next siiiiiin»'r nv 
 fall. Its ])resent western terminus is at Bil'ings, GO mih's westward of 
 the Big Horn lliver, and the valley of the Yellowstone is now being 
 settled by an industrious ])oi)ulation. The trouble Avhu-h occMirred last 
 winter, through the occupation of the country along ?.Iilk liiver, by In- 
 dians and half-breeds from British America, lias been successfully set- 
 tle«l by sending troops from Fort Assinaboine to remove these intruders 
 to the country whence they came, north of the boundary line. This 
 winter the amicable relations existing between our ibrces in that sec- 
 tion and the Canadian police, at Fort Walsh and other posts, whereby 
 information of the movements of such Indians is interchanged, will go 
 far toward insuring quiet in that direction. I would respectfully rec- 
 ommend the abandonment of Fort Hale, on the iVIissouri liiver, and 
 tliat the buildings at that place be transferred, by act of Congress, to 
 the Indian Bureau, for the establishment of an Indian school, should 
 the Indian Bureau desire them for such a purpose. 
 
 In the Department of the Platte, some im])ortant changes have oc- 
 curred since my last annual report was rendered. Tiie old posts of 
 Fort Fettermau and Fort Sanders, having fulfilled the objects for which 
 thej" were originally built, have been abandoned. The post of Fort 
 Thornburgh was located, last year, near the junction of the (ireen ami 
 Duchesne Kivers, in Utah, but, at the request of the Interior I)ei)art- 
 ment, it was changed to its present place on Ashley Fork, 3.5 miles from 
 the Ute agencies. The expected a])])ropriation for building was not 
 made by Congress, and the troo])Sof'the garrison have been withdrawn 
 for the winter, excepting a small guartl for the saw-null and other 
 property. At the proper time, during the next session of Congress, at- 
 tention will be called to the necessity of an appropriation for building 
 this post. In the early spring I will recommend the abandonment of 
 Fort Hall, Idaho, and the transfer of its small garrison (one company) 
 to Fort Douglas or Fort Cameron, Utah. During the pressing need 
 for additional mounted troops in Arizona, I sent the Third Cavalry to 
 that Territory, and hoi)e to receive it back in the Department of the 
 Platte again, or if not that regiment, then the Sixth Cavalry in its 
 place. The two largest Indian agencies in the country, viz, tiie Pine 
 Kidge and the Rosebud agencies, have to be controllecl ])riucipally by 
 troops in the Department of the Platte. Many thousands of hulians 
 are at each of these agencies ; those at Pine Ridge occasionally become 
 restless, and I thiidc it would be wise to watch them, with sulUcient 
 trooi)S held well in hand, for some time to come. 
 
 There has been no serious trouble with Indians in the Department 
 of the Missouri during the past year, though the troops in New Mexico 
 have been kei)t actively engagc^d in protecting that Territory against 
 raids, f(U' the details of which 1 would refer to the annual report of Gen- 
 eral Pope. The remain<ler of tin; Northern Cheyennes at Fort Reno 
 are very restive, but i ilo not ai)prehend any serious trouble from them. 
 The rights of Indians iu the Indian Territory have been encroached 
 upon by the pasturing and driving of large herds of cattle through the 
 Indian lands. No unilbrm systeu) seems to have been ad(ti)ted by the 
 Indian Bureau with reference lo these herds, the owners of some of 
 them paying a herd tax to the Bulians, whilst others do not, so that on
 
 356 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 several occasions the inilitiiiy have been called upon to (jucll troubles 
 arising from the mixed eon<lition of affairs. 
 
 The posts of Fort JJodge, Fort Wallace, and Fort Larned, all in Kan 
 sas, having outlived the necessity for them as military stations, have 
 been abandoned as such. The cantonment on the North Fork of the 
 Canadian Kivei', in the Indian Territory, has also been abandoned and 
 turned over to the Indian Bureau for use as a school. I recommend 
 that Forts Wallace, Dodge, and Larned be also turned over to the In- 
 dian Bureau for similar purposes. 
 
 The school of application for cavalry and infantry, established at Fort 
 Leavenworth, Kans., last year, is in excellent condition — is already 
 showing good results, and I believe is going to be of immense benetit 
 to the Army as a practical school. 
 
 Of the Department of Texas little remains to be said not covered by 
 the annual report of General Augur. The sites for two new posts have 
 been selected, and authority has been received for the purchase of laud 
 at San Antonio as site for a military post, for which purchase negotia- 
 tions are now in progress. On account of the i)revalence of yellow 
 fever, and the changed condition of affairs on the Eio Grande, I shall 
 reduce the size of the garrison at Brownsville, leaving there only the 
 minimum force necessary, and will remove the rest of the troops to 
 posts higher up in the country. I believe there should be a garrison at 
 Brownsville, but that it should be as small as possible. 
 
 The wonderful growth of the railway system in this division is worthy 
 of remark in connection with its bearing upon military operations. 
 The extension of the Northern Pacific toward Bozeman has already 
 been noted, and the Utah and Northern has reached Butte City, Mont., 
 416 miles north of Ogden. The Denver and Eio Grande is in operation 
 to Montrose, 62 miles west of Gunnison, on the Utah division, and 
 to Silverton, 44 miles from Durango, Colo., on the San Juan division. 
 The Atlantic and Pacific, having crossed New Mexico from Albuquerque 
 to the west, has now reached Williams, Ariz., a point about the 112th 
 meridian. Last year marked the completion of the Southern Pacific to 
 El Paso, whence the Mexican Central i? now running to Chihuahua in 
 old Mexico, the Texas Pacific, from Fort Worth, connecting with both 
 the others at El Paso, a point reached also by the Atchison, Topeka 
 and Santa Fe. The Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Eailroad 
 is in operation westward to Fort Clark, Tex., and eastward, from El 
 Paso to Lozier, near the* Pecos Elver. The International and Great 
 Northern is in operation from San Antonio to Laredo, where it connects 
 with the Texas-Mexico and IMexican National roads, the former in opera- 
 tion from Corpus Christi to Laredo, and the latter constructed to Salinas, 
 far on the way to Monterey and the city of Mexico. 
 
 The extension of the railroads affords an opportunity for a much- 
 needed concentration of the small companies of troops into larger 
 garrisons where they can be more economically supplied and their dis- 
 cipline and efiaciency increased — conditions hitherto almost impossible, 
 when weak companies were scattered at numerous small military posts. 
 I have already selected points with a view to such a concentration, as 
 soon as the condition of Indian affairs will admit of the withdrawal of 
 troops from the more remote i^laces. 
 
 The improvement in markmanship by the troo])s throughout the 
 division has been very gratifying during the past year, ofhcers aud 
 men, generally, having taken the deepest interest in this subject. It 
 has been a surprise to me that so little attention was paid to this ^itally 
 important matter in years gone by. I earnestly recommend a liberal
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 357 
 
 iillowauce of jimmunitioii in the Intiue to be expemlod in t;u<;et ]»i:k;- 
 tit'C and ill the prescribetl ritie competitions. 
 
 The several departments of this military division have all been ably 
 and economically administered by their respective commanders, Gen- 
 erals Pope, Terry, Augnr, and Crook, to wliose annual reports, herewith 
 submitted, I refer for details of information. 
 
 The supply departments tliroaghout the division have worked well 
 and economically, and the olticers in control of these important branches 
 of the service are entitled to credit for their efidciency. 
 1 have the honor to be, general, very respectfully. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 P. H. SHEKIDAX, 
 L ie u fenan t- Genera I Com m n nd ing. 
 Brig. (ren. R. C. Drum, 
 
 Ailjuta)it- General, United States Army, M^ashinf/ton, 1). C. 
 
 ItEPORT OF MAJOR GEXERAL HANCOCK. 
 
 Headquarters Military Division op the Atlantic, 
 
 Governor'' fi Island, Xcu-*Yor]:, October 21, l."^82. 
 
 Sir: In accordance with the instructions contained in j'our letter of 
 September 27, 1882, I have the honor to transmit the following report 
 of military operations within the Military Division of the Atlantic 
 during the past year. 
 
 The geographical boundaries of the division are the same as at date 
 of last report. It is di^■idcd into two military de]nirtments — East and 
 South — the former being under my immediate command, with headquar- 
 ters at Governor's Island, ^ew York,*and the latter under command of 
 Bvt. Brig. Gen. Henry J. Hunt, colonel Fifth United States Artillery, 
 with headquarters at Newport Barracks. Ky, 
 
 The aggregate of troops serving in the Division of the Atlantic on 
 the 30th of September, 1882, was, according to the returns of that date, 
 as follows : 
 
 ConiiiiisaioiU'il Knlistwl 
 ortirers. nn'ii. 
 
 Hcailqiiai-ters Militnrv Division of the Atlaiilic 9 1-1 
 
 Dppartmoiit of the East ^2(19 . ',',170 
 
 Department of the Soiitli I" 4<> 
 
 Total X\^ ^.Otlll 
 
 On the .'>Oth of September. 18S1, the strength of the (livision ii! troops 
 was 337 commissioned olhcers and 2,.'')!)8 enlisted men. 
 
 My annual report of last year, dated October .■)!, ISS], dosed with a 
 brief account of the services of the troops at the Vorktown Centennial 
 Celebration, in that iiiontli, and their return to their resjjective stations. 
 
 It has been ai>i)areiit during tlie past year that the tour of the troops 
 in camp at Yorktown on the oc(;asion in question, brief tliongh it was, 
 has been of benelit in itoint of military experience, instruction. «S:c. 
 
 General Orders No. 7.">, of ()ctoV»er l.~», INSI, from the lleadcinarters of 
 the Army, Adiutant-<renerars Ollice, directed the transfer of the First 
 United States Artillery from tlie De])artn)ent of the East to the ]\Iili- 
 tary Division of the Pacific, and thc^ Fourth United States Artillery 
 from that division to the Department of the East. The same orders
 
 358 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 also directed the Tliiid and FiRh Kejiiineiits of Artillery serving in this 
 division — the former in tlio l)e])iutnient of tlie East and the latter in 
 the Department of the Sonth — to interehanj»e stations. 
 
 At once, ui>on the recei])t of the orders in qnestion, the necessary de- 
 tailed instructions were pven to carry these movenunits into execution 
 so far as concerned the First, Third, and Fifth United States Artilh;ry. 
 
 The utmost economy was observed in the matter of tranKi»ortation. 
 
 The batteries of the First Artillery — four at Fort Adams, two at Fort 
 Trumbull, two at Fort Warren, two at Fort Columbus, and one at Fort 
 Preble — left the Department of the East durinj^ the second week in 
 November. Ten batteries of the Third United States Artillery lelt the 
 Department of the East for their stations in the De[iartment of the 
 South during" the same month. 
 
 The light battery of this regiment being on its retnrn march from 
 Yorktowu to Fort Hamilton at the time of the movement did not leave 
 for its post in the Department of the South — Little Kock Bai-racks — 
 until early in December. The Fifth United States Artillery joined the 
 Department of the East the latter part of November and early in Decem- 
 ber, with the exception of Battery I (Orabb's), which had been sent 
 north by me in October from Yorktowu (at the conclusion of the cere- 
 monies there) on the steamer provided to take the troops to and from 
 that point. In distributing- the Fifth United States Artillery to posts in 
 the Department of the East, I took the opportunity, with tlie ai)i)roval 
 of the General of the Arifiy, to discontinue Fort AVadsworth, New York 
 Harbor, as an independent post, making- it a dependency of Fort Hamil- 
 ton, and directed the commanding- ofticer of the latter post to station 
 an adequate guard there to look after the public property, &c. 
 
 The first battery of the Fourth United States Artillery reached the 
 Department of the East from the Military Division of the Pacific the 
 second week in November, and by December 1st the last battery had 
 arrived. 
 
 I inclose herewith a return shoeing the precise dates of the departure 
 and arrival of these troops, together with copies of the se^■eral orders 
 issued by me assigning them to their respective stations. 
 
 This and the tabular report submitted by Brevet Brigadier-General 
 Hunt, commanding the Department of the South, supply full informa- 
 tion on these points. 
 
 The health of the troops in the Department of the East during the 
 past 3'ear has been good. 
 
 In the Department of the South early preparations were made to 
 withdraw the,garrisons from the posts liable to the ravages of yellow 
 fever, should that disease make its appearance. The summer had 
 almost passed, and no occasion had arisen for removing the troops on 
 this account, and it was hoped tliat this year there might be none; but 
 in the latter part of August yellow fever of a virulent type made its 
 appearance at Pensacola, and at once the three batteries of the Third 
 United States Artillery at that point. Fort Barrancas, were removed to 
 Mount Vernon Barracks, Ala., a healthy post, and there they still 
 remain. A detachment of jMarines was also sent from Pensacola to 
 Mount Vernon Barracks, at which post the General of the Army 
 directed they should be received and ])rovided for as well as i)ossible, 
 and be looked upon in all particulars as guests, subject to the common 
 rules of discipline, until the yellow fever should have ceased, and they 
 are now in camp at that place. Everything has been done to make them 
 comfortable in point of accommoilation, &c., during their stay at Mount 
 Yeruou Barracks.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AVAR. 359 
 
 At Fort Brooke, Tani])a, Fla., wbere the two batteries forming the 
 garrison of Key West Barracks have been stationed since the spring of 
 1880, " dengue fever" appeared amongst the garrison in July last. 
 
 The post of Fort Brooke, Fhi., having been ordered to be abandoned 
 and the reservation tnrne<l over to the Interior Department, it was con- 
 templated to transfer the two batteries of the Third Artillery stationed 
 there, one to Saint Augustine, to replace Battery F (Lancaster's), lately 
 ordered to San Antonio, Tex., to be mounted, and one to ]\Iount ^'er- 
 non Barracks. This movement has been delayed, however, until the 
 troo])S shall have recovered from the eft'ects of the "dengue fever," but 
 will be made as soon as ])racticable. For a more detaih'd n-jtctrt of tliis 
 matter I invite attention to the rejjort of the commanding general, 
 Department of the South. 
 
 (xeneral Orders No. tiO, of August 15, 1882, from the Headquarters of 
 the Army, Adjutant-General's Ollice, directed an additional battery in 
 each artilleiy regiment to be mounted. Battery F, Tiiird Artillery, sta- 
 tioned at vSaint Augustine, Fla., iu the Department of the South, was 
 selected from that regiment and ordered to take post at San Antonio, 
 Tex., to whi(!h i)oint it will be sent as soon as yellow fever disappears 
 from the southern (X)ast and there is no further risk of contagion. 
 
 Battery F, Fourth Artillery, stationed at Fort Warren, and Battery 
 D, Fifth Artillery, stationed at Fort Schuyler, in the Department of the 
 East, were the selections from those regiments, the former being ordered 
 to Fort Snelling, ^Nlinn., and the latter to Fort Omaha, Xebr. Battery 
 F, Fourth Artillerv, left Fort AVarren for Fort Snelling September 4, 
 1882, and Battery D, Fifth Artillery, left Fort Schuyler "for Fort Omaha 
 September 7, 1882. This had the effect of withdrawing two batteries 
 from the Department of the East and one from the Department of the 
 Sonth. 
 
 By General Orders Xo. 105, of August 20, 1882, from the Ileadquar- 
 ters of the Army, the Twelfth United States Infantry was transferred 
 from the J)epartment of Arizona to the Dei)artment of the East, and 
 it was decided to station the regiment as follows: Headquarters and six 
 comi)anies at Madison llarracks, N. Y., two comj)anies at Fort Niagara, 
 and two companies at Plattsburg Barracks, N. Y., the latter only tem- 
 poraiily, hoAvevcr, until Fort ."Montgomery, House's Point, N. Y''., an inu- 
 porfant strategit; point at which it has been decided to establish a gar- 
 rison, wheji ])racticable, should be in condition, in point of rpiarters, to 
 accommodate troops. The arrival of the Twelfth United States In- 
 fantry and its assignment to jNbulisou Barracks, Fort Niagara, and 
 Phittsburg Barracks, necessitated the transfer to other stations of the 
 batteries of the Fourth and Fiith Artillery at those posts, and I accord- 
 ingly sent the battery of the Fifth Artillery at Plattsburg Barracks to 
 Fort Schuyler, to replace Battery D (to be mounted and sent to Fort 
 Omaha as before stated), the Battery of the Fifth Artillery at l-'ort 
 Niagara to Fort Hamilton, and the two batteries of the Fourth Artillery 
 at Ma<lisott Barracks to Fort Warren (one of them to replace Battery 
 F, to be mounted and take ])ost at Fort Snelling, ]\Iinn.), and the other 
 to re])lace Battery G (^lorris's), which, with the sanction of the General 
 of the Army, was transferred from Fort Warren to Fort Adams. 
 
 The artillery, therefore, in the Departm(M)t of the East at this date — 
 thirty-three l)atteries — is distributed as follows: 
 
 Fort Monroe (artillery school), live foot batteries. 
 
 Fort Hamilton, New York Harbor, one light, live foot batteries. 
 
 Fort Adams, B. I., one light, four foot batteries. 
 
 Washington Karracks, D. C, one light, four foot batteritfs.
 
 3C0 PAlMiUS AOOOMI'ANYING THE 
 
 Fort Wiirrcri, Miiss., two Coot batteries. 
 
 Fort Mclieiii-y, i\l(l., three i'oot batteries. 
 
 Fort Coltnubiis, iNew York Harbor, two loot ballwies. 
 
 Fort Seliuyler, 2*few York Harbor, two foot butteries. 
 
 Fort Preble, 31e., ojie loot battery. 
 
 Fort Trimibull, (,'oini., two toot batteries. 
 
 This distribution <;ives to the ruajority of tlie posts mentioned j^arri- 
 sons snllieient to enable instruction in the artillery arm to l>e pursued 
 uiKh'r better conditions, and with increased prospect of beneficial results, 
 than lieretofore. 
 
 With a view to the better instruction of his re;:?inientin military duties 
 incident to service in camp and in the field, Col. li. B. Ayres, Second 
 Artillery, requested, early in the summer, to be allowed to place the 
 light battery and the four foot batteries of his regiment at Washington 
 Barracks, and a portion of the garrison at Fort McHenry, in camp at 
 Gaitliersburg, Md., which aftbrded all the requisite facilities for the pur- 
 pose, and where a camp ground could be had at an economical rate. 
 With the approval of the General of the Army, the application of Col- 
 onel Ayres was granted, and in the latter part of last June the light 
 battery and the four foot batteries from Washington Barracks and two 
 foot batteries from Fort McHenry marched to Gaithersburg and went 
 into cam]), where they still remain, to be withdrawn, however, to their 
 former stations in a short time. The change from garrison to camp life 
 has, I am informed, been beneficial in several respects. It has afforded 
 ample opportunity for instruction and improved the health of the troops, 
 niauy of them being troubled with malaria, to which the posts of Wash- 
 ington Barracks and Fort McHenry are somewhat disposed at certain 
 seasons of the year. 
 
 I inclose the several reports of the chiefs of the staff corps at these 
 headquarters, exhibiting the operations of their respective departments 
 during the period for which they are made. They afford evidence of 
 close attention to details and exhibit a proper regard for economical 
 administration of the public funds, which some of them are required to 
 disburse. Inspection duty, in all its branches, within this division, has 
 been thoroughly and conscientiously performed during the year, and with 
 beneficial results. I'he reports of the inspectors, which* are inclosed, 
 will be found interesting, and mauyof their judicious suggestions deserve 
 more than a passing notice. I ask especial attention to the recommen- 
 dations of Lieut. Col. Roger Jones, assistant inspector-general, in regard 
 to the issues of fuel under existing regulations and the accountability 
 therefor, and the same in reference to issues of oil, under the i)rovisions 
 of General Orders Xo. 50, Headquarters of the Armv, Adjutant-Gener- 
 al's Office, 1881. 
 
 Maj. Richard Arnold, Fifth Ai'tillery, acting assistant ins])ector gen- 
 eral, adverting to the pressing necessity for additional buildings at 
 Forts Adams and Hamilton, so as to quarter the men of the light bat- 
 teries at those posts nearer the battery stables, refers to previous rec- 
 ommendations for the establishment of a school for light artillery in- 
 struction, to consist of at least four batteries under a field otficer. I 
 have, heretofore, adverted to this subject, and am still convinced of the 
 benefit to the service which would accrue from such a concentration of 
 light batteries under a skilled commander, but the size of our Army, and 
 the multifarious duties it is called upon to fulfill in all sections of our 
 vast country, do not always make jn-acticable what is clearly seen to 
 be beneficial. I trust, how-ever, that if it should be found feasible, a light 
 artillery sehftol, such as was established at Fort Eiley some years ago,
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. Jbl 
 
 may be a.^aiii ori;ajiizo(l. Witli it, and the artillery school at Fort ]\Ioii- 
 v(H\ aiuUiie scliool ol'apitlii-atiuii at Fort Lea vomvorth, the Army would 
 have at its commajul every facility for thoroughly triuniiij; its officers 
 aud men in their proiessioual duties. 
 
 The inspectors advert to the i)reseut system of post schools, and I 
 a.i-ree with them that the principal drawback to an effiiaeious develop- 
 nient of the system, is the want of competent school- teachers with de- 
 fined position and pay. 
 
 I forwarded on September la report on the sul)ject from Lieut. Col. 
 W. D. Whipple, assistant adjutant-general at these headfjuarters, which 
 discussed this matter. I understand that the subject of post school is 
 receiving the attention of the superior military authority with a view to 
 I»rovide what is still lacking- to make them efticient and successful. 
 
 The rejiort of the chief quartermaster of the department exhibits in 
 detail what has been done in the matter of new buildings, repairs, &c., 
 during the year. Many needed repairs had to be deferred on account 
 of the limited appropriations. Estimates Avill be submitted in due season 
 for what is necessary to put all the buildings in the division in good 
 condition, with a view to their being filled early in the next tiscal year, 
 if i)racticable. 
 
 Xew hospitals at Fort Columbus aud at Washington Barracks have 
 been completed during the past year, and authority Jias recently been 
 given to erect a new one at Fort Schuyler, Avhere it is much needed. 
 
 The reports of the chief commissary of subsistence, the medical 
 director, and the chief paymaster, indicate a proper condition of affairs 
 in those departments. 
 
 Kifle i)ractice has now become one of the chief features of military 
 instruction in the Army, and it is gratifying to see that zeal in this direc- 
 1 ion has in nowise abated. The present system, established by General 
 Orders No. o3, of j\lay L5, 1882, has already had a fair test in this com- 
 mand, and, so far as my own observation goes, with a. large measure of 
 success. In this connection I invite attention to the report herewith of 
 Capt. H. G. Litchtield, Sei^ond L^nited States Artillery, on special duty 
 at these headquarters, in connection Avith rifle practice, which recites 
 in detail what has been done in this division in that direction during 
 the past year. 1 agree with him fully that our advanced rifleman now 
 "surpass in excellence our rifle," and that there is much need of a limited 
 number at least of sujKnior rilles in point of ])Ower and accuracy, at 
 long ranges, beyond tlie capabilities of the present arm. It is to be 
 hoiied that the Ordnance Department may be able to su])ply thisdelici- 
 ency at an early date, and thus placeour Army riflemen ui)on an equality 
 witli those of any service. 
 
 Tlie remarks and recommendations of Captain Litchfield in regard to 
 uidoaded new cartridge cases (or shells) only being issued for reloading, 
 are worthy of attention. 1 commend also to notice his advocacy of the 
 target system in use by the State of Xew Jersey, known as the "J'.rin- 
 ton-' target. Post commanders and company otlicers have generally 
 been active and energetic- in stininlating their men t(» i)ersistent ritlc 
 ])ra<'tice, and have done much to aid the iknelopmeiit of the ritle system 
 as now t)rgani/:ed. 
 
 The rewards issned to the winning marksmen have been recei\ed 
 witii geneial ap])reciati()n. 
 
 Tiie discipline and gen»;ral condition of the troops as reported to me 
 are satisfactory, and the inspectors have found marked inii)roveiiuMit 
 in this res])ect during the i)ast year. 
 
 Military oflensi's have deci'eased, as will he se«Mi from the statistics
 
 3(52 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 on (his lioad sivcTi in tlie roi)oit of tho judp^e-advocate of the division 
 liercwitli. ThtMc is om3 Kubjccjt in lliat ()rii(;<'r'.s report to wliich I ask 
 ('KlK'ciai attenlion, and, that it may bo clearly understood, give the fol- 
 lowing extract: 
 
 Attention is invited to the Kinf^nhir deliciency in tlie law, as to tlio njetliod of 
 ascertaining in a judicial way, the cause of decease and tho responsibility tlierefor, 
 if any there should be. 
 
 In the cases in i»oint, the jjost was under the sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the 
 Uuitid States, and, of course, the local coroners, in the neighboring city, had no 
 jurisdiction to hold an iniiucst. 
 
 Tin re was no one so situated as to feel constrained to demand a court of inquiry 
 under the one hundred and tifteenth Article of War; conseciuently the only method 
 of investigation was by a board of otticers convened for the purpose by the depart- 
 ment connuunder. 
 
 This board, however, had no power to administer oaths, or to compel the attend- 
 ance of witnesses, and so arrive at a judicial determination. 
 
 It is manifest that its ])owcr of investigation was limited beyond that which the 
 experience of all English-speaking countries has found necessary where death has 
 been the result of any act. 
 
 In most of the States of tlie Union the coroner is the local judicial functionary who 
 conducts the inquisition. No such ottieials or persons invested with their functions 
 reside in military places under military jurisdiction. 
 
 Asa consequence, in two recent instances, at different posts where soldiers have 
 been accideutally killed and it became necessary to send their remains to national 
 cemeteries, locaL municipal, and health authorities in each instance made strenuous 
 objection because there was no corouei-'s certificate, as required under penalties by 
 State law and much inconvenience was thereby created. 
 
 I have the honor, therefore, respectfully to suggest that the attention of Congress 
 be invited to the propriety of enacting that whenever, at any post, fort, or camp, 
 garrisoned by the military forces of the United States and under the exclusive juris- 
 diction of the United States, any person shall have been slain, or suddenly died, or 
 been dangeroi\ly wounded, or been found dead under such circumstances as to re- 
 quire an inquisition, a court of iniiuir^' may be appointed under the one hundred and 
 sixteenth Article of War — one member, if practicable, to belong to the Medical De- 
 partment of the Army — in order to investigate as to the cause of said death or wound- 
 ing, and to fix the responsibility therefor, and to express an opinion thereon, said 
 court to be organized and its proceedings authenticated in the manner and to the 
 etfect required by the one hundred and seventeenth, one hundred and twentieth, and 
 one hundred and twenty-first Articles of War, and to have all the powers mentioned 
 in the one hundred and eighteenth Article of War. 
 
 And said court may, if in its judgment deemed necessary, i.ssue process for the 
 immediate apprehension of any person accused of the crime nnder investigation, who 
 shall, without delay, be thereupon taken before the neavost judge or comnjidsioner 
 of or for any court "of the United States or justice of the peace acting aa such com- 
 missioner, to be dealt with according to the law governing like cases arising in the 
 district in which said post, fort, or camp may be situate. 
 
 In closing- this report I deem it proper to state that the ofiicers of my 
 staff, personal and general, have performed their duties with intelli- 
 gence and fidelity. 
 
 In accordance witli instructions this report and all of its written 
 inclosures are submitted in duplicate, printed inciosures in triplicate. 
 1 am, sir, verv respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 WINF'D S. HANCOCK, 
 J\[ajoy- General, Commanding. 
 The Adjutant-General U. S. Army, 
 
 Washington, D. C.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 363 
 
 KEPORT OF MAJOR-GENERAL McDOWELL. 
 
 Headquarters Military Division of the Pacific 
 
 AND Department of California, 
 Presidio, San Fnnicisco, CaL, October 14, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I transmit llel■e^vith tlie aimiial reports for the past year for the 
 Departments of the Columbia, California, and Arizona, with tlie papi-rs 
 aceompauying: them. 
 
 Tliese reports are so full that I have no need to add to them. The 
 only serious disturbances were in the Department of Arizona, a full 
 account of which is given in the report from its commander. 
 
 The i)rcsent commander, lirigadier-General Crook, reported a few 
 days ago that there w<'re not at this time any hostile Indians within the 
 limits of his command; that the only api)rehension was with resi)ect to 
 hostile Indians now in Mexico; so there are at this time no hostile In- 
 dians anywhere in this division. 
 
 Before relinquishing- the command I now hold, I am constrained to 
 again ask the attention of the "War and Interior Departments to the case 
 of certain Piutes who were taken away from their tribes and homes in 
 California and carried to an Indian reservation among a strange i)eople 
 north of the Columbia River. Their case is fully set forth in the ac- 
 comi)anying papers marked AA. 
 
 It will be seen, as it appears to me, that the reasons which caused the 
 refusal of my application to have these innocent and sutfering people 
 sent back to their tribe and homes have been mere questions of adminis- 
 tration, of convenience, and economy, while I submit their return is a 
 matter of good faith and mercy. The Indians in question — and a list 
 of them is herewith — were not hostile. They had done nothing meriting 
 punishment. During war they were carried away from their homes be- 
 cause it was easier to move them durinfj hostilities than to leave a force 
 to protect them at their homes. They are held in exile against their 
 will. They are kindred to Winnemucca and his children, ^'atchez and 
 Sarah, wlio i»eriled their lives and were indefatigable during the war in 
 doing everything for the whites and the Army. I am thus earnest and 
 perhaps may be thought importunate in again urging this question, be- 
 cause it arose under my command and by otiicers acting under me, and 
 these people and their families and friends look to me to see their wrongs 
 redressed. I have had visits from Natchez and Sarah, and messages, 
 asking me to have these people sent home. They have no representative, 
 no new8pai)er to speak for them, and even if they could get their case be- 
 fore the courts are ignorant of the way to bring it there. I beg the 
 l)roi)er oliicers may hmk again into this question, not as a matter of 
 convenience to the service, but one of justice to unfortunate and inno- 
 cent people. 
 
 I do not know that it is expected of me at this late day of my service, 
 or that it is desirrd, that f should oiler any recommendation as to the 
 general good ot the Army, still 1 will venture to bring one (juestion to 
 the notice of the AVar Department, with a vi(?w to Congressional action, 
 because I have found it one of great inconvenience and delay in the ad- 
 ministration of military justice. 
 
 I mean the limitation now imposed by law on the hours of session of 
 courts-nnirtial, making it illegal to sit after 3 o'chu-k j). m. 
 
 A reference to Lord .Alacaulay's Uistory of England will show that this 
 limitation was imposed by Parliament because at the time it was done 
 3 o'clock was the dinner hoiu" of oliicers, and it was then the custom of
 
 364 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 ofliccrs ;iii(l ^c.iillciiicii lo be in .stic.li a .state af'tc-i' diiiner as to unfit tlioiii 
 lor jiulicial iiiiiclious. 
 
 r>ut oJliceivs <lo not now dliw. at ."> o'clock aud do not j^ct <iiiink when 
 they dine, and tlie restriction lias ceased to liaveany jnstitication ; and 
 is sini])ly a relic of the past which is the canse of much inconvenience 
 and delay alik<', to the court and the i^risoner, especially at distant i)0Sts. 
 
 1 send herewith the reports of the officers of the division staff and ask 
 esi)ecial attention to that of Assistant Adjutant-Creneral Kelton, con- 
 cernino- the iTni)rovement in rifle practice in this division. To no one 
 in this command, if, indeed, in the Avhole Army, is the service more in- 
 debted in the imi)ortant question of use of small-arms than to Colonel 
 Kelton ; an enthusiast and expert shot himself, he has for years followed 
 u]) the subject witli a zeal and intelligence and marked ability which 
 have ])een of the greatest value to the whole Army, and for which, as 
 much of it was quite outside of his routine service as an assistant a<l- 
 jutantgeneral, he merits esi)ecial (-onsideration. 
 
 1 have the honor to be, very respectfullv, your obedient servant, 
 
 iRvix Mcdowell, 
 
 Major- General, Commandinf/ Division. 
 The Adjutant-General, United States Army, 
 
 WasMiKjton^ D. C. 
 
 REPORT OF THE ADJUTANT-GE:N^ERAL. 
 
 War Department, 
 Adjutant-General's Office, 
 
 Washington^ November .3, 1882. 
 
 Sir : T have the honor to submit my annual report for the year end- 
 ing September 30, 1882. 
 
 militia. 
 
 During the past summer and fall inspections of State militia encamp- 
 ments were made as herein -below indicated: 
 
 California.— At San Jos^, by Maj. R. F. Frank and Capt. 0. P. Eakin, 
 First il. S. Artillery. 
 
 Indiana. — Near Indianapolis, by Maj. J. A. Smith, Corps of Engineers, 
 and Jiieut. E. L. Randall, Fifth XI. S. 'infantry. 
 
 Maine. — Xear Augusta, by Lieut. .1 . R. Totten, Fourth U. S. Artillery. 
 
 MassacMisctts. — On the State grounds, by Capt. G. B. Rodnev, Fourth 
 U. S. Artillery. 
 
 Pennsyhmnia. — At Lewistowai, by Capt. R. H. Hall, Tenth U. S. 
 Infantry. 
 
 Rhode Island. — At Oakland Beach, by Capt. E. Field, Fourth TJ. S. 
 Artillery. 
 
 Vermont. — At Brandon, by Lieut. H. E. Tutherly, First U. S. Cavalry. 
 
 The rei)orts — appended hereto — of the several inspecting officers are 
 highly gratifying. They unmistakably indicate increased interest by 
 both officers and men, and a determiiuxtion to overcome obstacles — ex- 
 ternal as well as internal — that militate against the best interests of this 
 imi)ortant branch of the defensive jiower of the country. 
 
 In addition to the regular State encampments, competitive drills have 
 been held at Charleston, S. C, New Orleans, La., Detroit and Grand 
 Ra])ids, ]\lich., Louisville, Ky., Buffalo, N. Y., Toledo, Ohio, Baltimore,
 
 REPORT OF XIIK fSKCRETAEY OF WAR. 365 
 
 Md., Milwiiukee, Wis., and Pittsbiirgli, Pa. It gives me much pleasure 
 to relcr to this fact as an additional evidence of the almost universal 
 spirit of emulation displayed ])y the uniformed militia, and of the desire 
 on its part to excel in military exercises. 
 
 Under your instructions copies of the revised code of llegulations for 
 the Army have been sent to the adjutant-generals of the several States 
 in numbers sufficient for distribution to the military organizations re- 
 ported by them in the annual militia return required by law. To com- 
 l)Iete the assimSation of the management, drill, and internal govern- 
 ment of the militia witli that of the IJegular Army — so far as the fun- 
 damental conditions of their res])ective existence will pro])erly permit — 
 I beg to renew my recommendation that Congress be asked to author- 
 ize tiie distribution from this ottice, on requisitions of the respective 
 adjutant-generals, of the tactical works, blank forms, and books pre- 
 scribe<l for the Army. 
 
 THE MILITARY PRISON. 
 
 The. i)rogress of affairs at the militaiy prison, Fort Leavenworth, 
 Kans., has been, as far as the means supplied would permit, satisfac- 
 tory. Home embarrassment was experiencedj ust before the close of the 
 last fiscal year because of the delay in obtaining appropriations, which 
 prevented, to some extent, early pre])arations for a continuance of the 
 genera] operations, but more especially the preliminary arrangements 
 for procuring supplies for the prison. This was only temporary, however, 
 and the time lost was in a measure compensated for by the usual 
 energetic action of the olhcers oT the prison. The appropriation of 
 $(>2,4:G1.17 for the tiscal year ending June 30, 1882, was all expended, and 
 a deticiency a)>i)ropriation of 85,000 was asked for and obtained, but an 
 unexpended balance of $1,007.45 was covered back into the Treasury. 
 
 In August, 1881, the sum of 90^730.42, which had been on deposit in 
 the First Nat ional Bank, LeavenAvorth, Ivans., representing an unex- 
 pended balance of funds received up to November, 1878, on account of 
 earnings by prisoners' labor and sales of manufactured articles, &<•., 
 was covered into the Treasury. The prison earnings, &c., had been used 
 prior to November, 1878, towards defraying the expenses of the prison, 
 but, as it appeared on examination at that time that the law did jiot give 
 specitic authority for such disi>(»sition of the funds, steps were taken to 
 obtain legislation u]»ou the subject; the elf(u-t, however, was unsuccess- 
 ful, and the balan<M' of funds remaining on that account was turned in 
 as stated. No money was rocei\ ed as ])rison earnings, and no sales were 
 made siil)se(iU(Mit to November, 1878, Imt an account was ojiened with 
 the (^>uartermaster\s I)e])artnuMit by charging against it a per diem for 
 skilled and unskilled hibor, ami the work of tin; prisoners, except that 
 employed upon prison Iniihlingsand grounds (including the cultivation 
 of a farm), was (Urected to the manufacture <»f Army supplies and other 
 work for the Quartermaster's Department. 
 
 The commissi<»ners of the i)rison hav(! visited and iusi)ecte<l it regn 
 hirly, as reipiired bylaw; an inspector-general of the Army lias made 
 a regidarand thorough inspection of the [frison, in all its dei>arlm«'nts, 
 e.MMy lliree nu>ntlis, and the iiieijical diieetor of the l)ej)aihnenl of 
 the ^Missouri has made a monthly inspection. The fact that tin' «mi- 
 tire. management of the institntion has l)e(Mi f(»und sat isfactory at all 
 times under this unusually clost^ scrutiny, is good evidence of the coni- 
 l)etency of its ollicers, [»articularly the governor, to whom, without a
 
 366 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING TMK 
 
 Kinjjle rospivation or oxcejttioii, all officers whose duty it has l»een to 
 note, oi- (lireet the conduct of iilfairH at the prison give the very highest 
 coninuHKhition. 
 
 A l)rief stntonu lit of the work diirlng the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 IS.SU, is tiikei) from the ie]>ort of the governor of the ])rison, as follows: 
 Mamifartiired for th('('))narterinaster's Department, 33,113 pairs of boots, 
 18,!)!)(i pairs of shoes, 30,0()() corn brooms, 2,230 barrack chairs, 118 sets 
 of ciiair rods, it K) extra i)arts of chairs, 1,292 packing boxes, 130 crates, 
 127 sets ol' tour-mule ambulance harness, 13(5 sets of'six iiiule wagou 
 harness, 110 single sets of wagou harness, and 310 suits of citizeu cloth- 
 ing for issue to prisoners on discharge.- Besides this work in the shops 
 a large brick store-house 30 by 80 feet and two stories high, a new set 
 of otiicers' quarters, and a new stable were erected; 420 feet of curbing 
 set, and 1,500 feet of stone coping laid upon the prisou wall; 00 acies of 
 ground cultivated in potatoes, coru, cabbage, and a variety of vegeta- 
 bles — all by prisou labor, under the foreman employed. A great amount 
 of miscellaneous Avork and repairs was also accomplished in the same 
 manner. 
 
 The work performed for the Quartermaster's Department was 55,001 
 days of skilled and 70,174 days of unskilled labor, amounting in money- 
 value to $24,350.10. 
 
 The number of ])risoners in confinement June 30, 1881, was 447. There 
 were received during the year, 348, and lost by discharge, i&c., 342, leav- 
 ing 453 in confinement June 30, 1882. Transfers to the prison were 
 suspended in June last, because of lack of room to accommodate more 
 than 450 prisoners during the hot season with safety to health. This 
 suspension detained i)risoners for a few weeks at the military posts in 
 several departments, but increased accommodations, which were iu 
 course of construction during the summer, having lately been completed, 
 the transfers liave been resumed. 
 
 The health of the prisoners has been excellent, considering the class 
 of men brought together; for a large proportion have led wild lives, and 
 become more or less addicted to habits which must produce ill effects 
 upon the i)hysical constitution. But one death occurred during the year, 
 and that was from disease which existed before the man was received at 
 the prison. The most careful attention is given to the preparation of 
 the food, and cleanliness of body is enforced by frequent bathing. 
 
 The reformatory features of the institution may properly be consid- 
 ered under two divisions: First, the general habits of the men; and in 
 this there is uudoubte<lly much reformation, for the majority of men 
 cannot possibly pass a term of two years or more under wise discipline 
 and regular employment, and under restraint from vicious indulgences, 
 without some good eliect. Second, the mental and moral character, 
 which are for the most ])art unaffected save by the free will and strong 
 effort of the man himself. In this respect no certain success, or even 
 progress, can be seen except in a very few instances. The chaplain of 
 the prisou is faithfully devoted to the work in his department, and 
 during the year made a most earnest effort to establish regular classes 
 for instruction in the common branches of learning. Teachers were 
 selected from among the prisoners, and were compensated by a credit 
 of one day against their terms of confinement for each day employed 
 in teaching. For a short time the undertaking ])romised to be success- 
 ful ; but the novelty soon wore away, the attendance diminished, until 
 all idea of a regular school session was abandoned, and secular instruc- 
 tion is now sought by a very few, but these few receive all the aid and 
 encouragement that can be given. A good library Las been provided
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 367 
 
 for the use of prisoners, and is reasonably well patronized. Religious 
 services are held regularly, and are atteiuled by nearly one-half of the 
 prisoners, and it is reasonable to expect that some small percentage 
 M'ill, at the end of their terms, be restored to good citizenship and use- 
 ful lives in the community. 
 
 In this connection I beg to renew most earnestly my recommendation 
 that the governor (who, while on duty under his brevet rajik of colonel, 
 receives oidy the pay and allowances of his actual rank of captain) be 
 • given the local rank of colonel, icitli the pay and alloirances of that grade. 
 Personal knowledge, resulting from ollicial visits to the iirison, con- 
 vinces me that the high administrative abilities of the i)resent incum- 
 bent of the office of governor, the rare i)owers exhibited by him in the 
 successful mnnagement of tlie many branches of industry conducted 
 in that institution, and the amount of labor and responsibility falling 
 to his share, demand recognition, not as a favor, but as a well and long 
 merited acknowledgment of his eminent titness for the position he oc- 
 cupies, and of his singular tidelity to his trust. 
 
 With this general statement I beg to refer to the reports of the 
 governor and other officers of the prison, heretofore submitted, for the 
 details of the year's work and progress. 
 
 GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
 
 The following is a list of persons committed to the Government IIos- 
 pital for the Insane, under the orders of the honorable the Secretary of 
 War, from October 1. 1881, to October 1, 1882: 
 
 Orticers of the United States Army (retired) 1 
 
 Officers of the late volunteer service (U. S. colored troops) 1 
 
 Enlisted men of the United States Army 4.") 
 
 Late soldiers of the United States Army 8 
 
 Late volunteer soldiers T 1 
 
 Inmates of the United States Soldiers' Home 6 
 
 Militai-y prisoners 5 
 
 Employes of the Quartermaster's Department 1 
 
 Hospital matrons 1 
 
 Total 09 
 
 OFFICERS ON DUTY AT REMOTE POINTS, AND ALLOWANCES TO OFFI- 
 CERS ON COURTS-MARTIAL AND MILITARY HOARDS. 
 
 A profound conviction of tbe equity of my foniier recommendations 
 on the subject of officers on duty at renu^te i)oints, and of allowances 
 to officers on courts-martial and military bojirds, iniix'ls mc to again 
 invite your attention to the reasons wiiich seem to demand the moditi- 
 cation of sections 1232 and 1200 of the Kevised Statutes: 
 
 The great inconvenience to ofiicers at distant stations, resiiltin;^ in thediHiculty, and 
 in some cases the impossibility, of procurinjj assistance in suitplying their personal 
 wants and the care of their projierty, seems to demand that section 12;{'J of the Revised 
 Statutes should Ix? sumewhat modified, so that olliceis at remote i^nsts where private 
 help cannot he procured may he authorized, with, in every case, tlu- consent of tiie 
 soldier himself, to secure the services of an enlisted man for the perfornnmce of those 
 duties. The entire time and iittention of olhcers servin;; with trooi)H is r<-quired in 
 looking after the comfort anil wiints of their commands and tin* care of governnn'nt 
 proj)erty and interests, l-^ven if the pcrformaiu'e of these domestic dntn-s weie suited 
 to their ]>ositions, they could only do so l>y neglecting some of ttie important and re- 
 sponsible public diiMes so absolutely essential to the well-being und ediiiem-y of their 
 respective commands and the best interests of the service and government. 
 
 Instances could be cited of olhcers win), ratin-r than \ ioiate the, section named, have 
 conscientiouslv abstained from the employment of thi-ir men in ]>reparing their food 
 or caring for their auimula, and Uave thMmselvcB performed theue duties. It is uofc
 
 368 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 l)cliovc(l lliat. CoiigusH c(iiitciiiiil:i,tt;d sik^i a conditiou of aftaiiR, and I siucorely hope 
 an t'tilbrt Avill lu; made lo()l<infr to flio ro]»f;al orthatBcction, or, jiioferably, to its niodi- 
 lication, so that, in snch cases, and conditional on the constant of the soldier and the 
 apiiviival of ll\i' do]iartnient eonnnandcr, onicers may he allowed the servit^es of au 
 onlistod mail of their iuimidiate command, the ])ay i)roper of tlie soldier being with- 
 lield by the j;overnmen1 and paid l)y llie ofticcr benelited. 
 
 Many casi^s have come to my kuowlcdgf! of the hardships resnltin^ from the detail 
 of oflicers for duty on important conrts-martial or military boards convened at points 
 away from the ])roper stations of such otiieers, and I beg to invito your eariKsst atten- 
 tion to this mat ter. (Selected by reason of eminent fitness for the special duty to which 
 assigned, they have no control over the length of the period of time during which the, 
 conrt-martial or board must remain in session to complete its labors, and, under section 
 12G9 of the Kevised .Statutes, forbidding any allowance being made to an ollicer in ad- 
 dition to his pay, the increased expenses incident to their stay in cities fall so heavily 
 upon them in the discharge of imposed duty that, it seems to me, the action of Con- 
 gress reviving, in such cases, the old j;er dieni allowance would be a simple act of jus- 
 tice. That, however, there may be proper restriction and avoidance of abase, I beg 
 to suggest the decision, in each case, bo left absolutely to the discretion of the honor- 
 able tlie Secretary of War. 
 
 WORKING OF THE OFFICE. 
 
 The composition of the clerical and other force of this office was, at 
 the date of my last report, as follows : 
 
 No. 
 
 1 
 11 
 
 17 
 35 
 151 
 *30 
 6 
 *25 
 9 
 30 
 
 :i7 
 
 38 
 22 
 til 
 
 423 
 
 Deai<niation. 
 
 Grade. ) Employed under- 
 
 Civilian clerks Chief clerk i Act of March 3, 1881. 
 
 do I Clas.sIV I Do. 
 
 do 1 Class III Do. 
 
 do I Class II Do. 
 
 (lo [ Class I Do. 
 
 , do ' do Do. 
 
 do i At$l,000 Do. 
 
 do ' do Do. 
 
 Civilian afssiatiint messengers i Do. 
 
 (General service clerks I Sergeants | Act of March 3, 1875. 
 
 do * ' Privates • Do. 
 
 General service messengers j do Do. 
 
 General service watoliineu ....do ' ■ Do. 
 
 General service clerk's ! do Act of March 3. 1881. 
 
 * Additional, to expedite reports upon ])eusiou cases. 
 
 t Under the law allowing thirty additional men to the hnreaus of the War Department. 
 
 I had then the honor to represent that this anomalous orcranizatiou — 
 part belonging to the purely civil and nearly one-third chargeable to 
 the military establishment — was working injury to the Army, by cum- 
 bering its rolls with men ijerforming purely clerical duties, and, to the 
 extent of their pay and allowances, lessening tJie appropriations for the 
 support of tlie Army proper. Tlie law of August 5, 1882, mrdving ap- 
 propriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the 
 government, has ap])lied the proper remedy by placing the entire <;leri- 
 cal and other force of the oihce on the civil list. In this connection, [ 
 beg to refer to the remarks I made in my last rei>ort on the subject ot 
 "clerical duty in the Army," and my conviction that the advantages 
 resulting from the employment of civilian clerks at the several military 
 headquarters would be, tis indicated in that rei)ort, economy, 'benefit to 
 the Army, and greater efticiency in the performance of the ckn-ical 
 work. 
 
 The rapid increase in the niunber of calls from Ihe Pension C>llice for 
 information from the rolls in connection with chiinis for pension, and 
 the utter inadequacy of my force to x)repare and make reports as 
 promptly as, in my opinion, simple justice to men who had periled life 
 and limb in defense of the government imperatively demautled, led me
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 369 
 
 to urgently lequcst an tncre.ise of clerical force in numlters siifticient to 
 partially coriTesi)oiul with tlie lar^e uuiaber of additional clerks de- 
 manded by the Pension Oflice, and the law above cited authorized the 
 employment in my office of 1.38 clerks "to be exclusively eiiffaged iu 
 l)reparing and making reports to exiiedite the settlement of pension 
 ai)plications and soldiers' claims." The present clerical aud other force 
 is as follows: 
 
 Chief clerk 1 
 
 Clerks of chuss four 24 
 
 Clerks of class thrc30 ;{5 
 
 Clerks of daws two (37 
 
 Clerks of class one 354 
 
 Clerks of §1,000 .'.' i^ 
 
 Messengers 5 
 
 Assistaut messengers r>l 
 
 Watchmen 'j7 
 
 Laborers . ;{ 
 
 Total 583 
 
 In view of the scattered condition of tlie records of this oflice, large 
 masses being, of necessity, stored in buildings totally unsuited for their 
 reception and safe keeping, the fourth story and attic of the south wing 
 of the State, War, and Kavy building — assigned by Congress to the . 
 War Department — were turned over to me for the accommodation of 
 the valuable records aud large clerical force connected therewith, which 
 for years have been located in a large double wareliouse on Xew York 
 avenue, below Seventeenth street. Energetic measures were at once 
 taken to eflect the transfer, and 1 confidently expect it will be completed 
 within a few days. The extent of this laborious work, i^erfonned with 
 general alacrity and good-will, will be the more readily appreciated 
 when I state that the records in question — regimental and comjiany 
 record lK)oks — number upwards of o5,000 thin folios. The absolute 
 necessity for a quick trausfer, the largo inliux of men unacquainted 
 with the min.ut'KD of xVrmy records, and tlie consequent necessity devolv- 
 ing on the older clerks to devote much time to their instruction, have 
 prevented the attainment of the highest results. The following table 
 exhibits the labors of the enlisted volunteer pension branch and of other 
 divisions of the oflice engaged iu business relating to claims for pen- 
 sion, bount}', liomestead grants, &c.: 
 
 Stxttcment of calls from the Commmioncr of Peni^ions, Second Audi lor, ,\'c.,for full or par- 
 tial histories of officers and men of the late volunteer forcvn in connection with claima for 
 2)enision, bounty, backimy, subsintejice, land clainm, lost horses, <J-o. 
 
 « 
 
 On hand 
 
 October 1, 
 
 1861. 
 
 Iteceived 
 
 durtn<; the 
 
 juivr. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Finished 
 during 
 year. 
 
 On hand 
 
 OctolMT 1, 
 
 1882. 
 
 COMMISSIONER OK PEKeiONR. 
 
 Kiilirttcd volunteer pension branch 
 
 Colorcil tro(ii)s division 
 
 Vol iHiteerscrvicebranch (officers' clftims). 
 
 15, 305 
 120 
 56 
 
 130,118 
 
 ■», '! 1 J 
 
 20, 743 
 
 145, ,513 
 
 4, 7(!5 
 
 20, 7ita 
 
 103, .577 
 
 4, 502 
 
 20, 3.'4 
 
 41. 030 
 203 
 175 
 
 Total 
 
 15, 571 
 
 15.'), 500 
 
 171,077 
 
 12.S, 403 
 
 4"' trr4 
 
 
 
 BICCOKU AUDITOK. 
 
 Enlistcrl volunteer pension branch 
 
 4, 852 
 125 
 47 
 
 10,264 
 3,718 
 1. 019 
 
 1.5.110 
 3,843 
 1,0{M> 
 
 13. 323 
 3, 078 
 l.dtO 
 
 1.793 
 
 105 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 TotAl 
 
 5.024 
 
 15,031 
 
 20. 055 
 
 18,041 
 
 2 014 
 
 
 
 24 Ah 
 
 
 
 

 
 370 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Staiement of caUr,from the Commisaionrr of Fensions, Second Audilor, 4c- — Continued. 
 
 
 On liaiid 
 
 Ortoli.il, 
 
 18S1. 
 
 Tlooeivp/l 
 
 during tbe 
 
 year. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Tiiiiehed 
 during 
 year. 
 
 On hand 
 
 Octfibev 1, 
 
 1882. 
 
 TIIIKI) AinuTon. 
 
 5 
 
 305 
 
 310 
 
 291 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 OEXIsnAL LAND OFflCB. 
 
 1, 683 
 3 
 
 3,747 
 11» 
 
 5, 4:!l) 
 122 
 
 4,778 
 118 
 
 652 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 To t al 
 
 1,686 
 
 3, 866 
 
 5,552 
 
 4,896 
 
 656 
 
 
 
 BUnpiSTKXCE T)KI'A KTJriCX T. 
 
 Enlisted vohmteer pension braiicli 
 
 1,459 
 
 906 
 4(1 
 
 2, 365 
 43 
 
 1,908 
 42 
 
 457 
 1 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1, 4H2 
 
 946 
 
 2, 4i)8 
 
 1,050 
 
 458 
 
 
 
 I'AY DErAKTMEXr. 
 
 
 697 
 
 607 
 
 696 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 EEQAPITULATION. 
 Number of calls from all sources : 
 
 Onband October 1, 18S1 •. 23,748 
 
 Keceived during tbe year 176, 351 
 
 200, 099 
 Fiuisbed during tbe year 154, 277 
 
 Kemaining on baml October 1, 1882 45,822 
 
 In conclusion, it ftives me much pleasure to state tbat the business 
 of the office duriug the past year has been discharged satisfactorily, 
 and to bear testimony to the general efficiency and faithfulness of my 
 clerks. 
 
 The accompanying table gives a general exhibit of the work jier- 
 formed, omitting, necessarily, the higher class of duties, which cannot 
 be tabulated. 
 Eespectfullv submitted. 
 
 K. C. DEUM, 
 
 A (Iju ta lit- General^ 
 Hon. Robert T. Lincoln, 
 
 Secretary of War. 
 
 REPORT OF THE JUDGE-ADVOCATEGENER^L. 
 
 War DEPART3IENT, 
 
 Bureau of Military Justice, 
 
 October 21, 1SS2. 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the business 
 of this Bureau for the year ending Septeuiber 30, 18S2: 
 
 Number of general court-martial records of trials received, revised, and recorded. I, 854 
 Number of re])orts made and opinions rendered upon conrt-martial proceeding.s, 
 applications for pardon and. mitjoations of senteuces, and upou miscellaneous 
 
 questions of law referred to tliis I3ureau 891 
 
 Number of tran.scripts of proceedings of courts-martial furnislieil the Pension 
 
 Bureau and Treasury Department t^61 
 
 (But a large number of searches for data have been made on personal
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 371 
 
 application of the Adjutant-General and the Treasury Department not 
 included in the above.) 
 
 Number of copies of records furnished parties, as required by the 
 114th Article of War, 238, contaijiing 9,loG pages. 
 
 Tlie number of records of trials of enlisted men tried by inferior courts- 
 martial (garrison and regimental) received and filed in the departments 
 in which such courts were held, as reported by Judge- Advocates of De- 
 partments, is enumerated as follows: 
 
 Department of Arizona (no report rendered). 
 
 Department of California - -...- 476 
 
 Department of tbo Columbia 8'Jl 
 
 Department of Dakota 1,'J73 
 
 Department of the East 1, 122 
 
 Dei)artment of the Missouri 2,146 
 
 Department of tlio Platte I,'.i7r> 
 
 Department of the South .302 
 
 Department of Texas..-. 1,220 
 
 Total 8,795 
 
 In my last annual report I adverted to the law organizing and pre- 
 scribing the duties of the Bureau of Militaty Justice and the Corps 
 of Judge- Advocates, the various military tribuiutls, together with the 
 wants and necessities of said Bureau with respect to its persounel and 
 materiel. Of the force of clerks estimated for — over and above the small 
 force allowed in the past fiscal year — to take the place of two Judge- 
 Advocates relieved and assigned to duty in Departments, and to assist 
 in claims and pension searches, &c., but one clerk of class one was al- 
 lowed, and the three copyists hitherto emi)loyed in this Bureau were 
 reduced in number to one ; the consequence is that work now in the 
 office which ought to be attended to within a reasonable time must be 
 delayed indefinitely. Applications for copies of records, some of an 
 urgent nature, now awaiting attention, would require the employment 
 of three clerks for more than six months, even if no more applications 
 for copies were received in the mean time. AYith but one coi)yist to do 
 this work, the inconvenience to parties is apparent. 
 
 In my previous rei)ort the necessity of amending the Articles of "War 
 in certain particulars was j)ointed out and recommended, which recom- 
 mendation is here renewed. Considering that no writ of error or ajtpeal 
 lies to the sentence of a court-martial under our laws, and that the 
 Judge-Advocate-General is expected to correct irregular proceedings 
 of courts-martial, his duties, powers, and authority over these tribunals 
 should be more clearly defined by law. The course now i)ursued when 
 a case is found so defectively tried, or where the law has been evidently 
 misapprehended to the prejudice of tlie prisoner, or where the evidence 
 is not deemed sullicient to establish his guilt, and where substantial 
 justice has not been done, is to submit a report of the case to the Sec- 
 retary of War, witli such reciommendations as the interests of justice 
 may demand, when the functions of this Bureau cease in the i)articular 
 case. 
 
 The President (and the Secretary of War, by section ] 351 of the Revised 
 Statutes) may pardon or mitigate tlie sentences of militaiy convicts, but 
 they have no corrective power or aulliority conferred by law over courts- 
 martial proceedings, except where the court has been appointed by the 
 President. 
 
 Large numbers of applications for mitigations of the sentences of 
 military courts are referred here for rei)ort. These api)]ications find 
 their way to this Bureau, sometimes direct liom the prisoner or his
 
 372 PAPEPtS ACCOMPAKYING THE 
 
 friends, or tbroufrh tlio Secretary of War, or the Afljiitant-General. 
 Some are in llie Ibnii of ]>etitions iiiMler cover of the iiidor-senient of 
 a member of Coiij^re.ss. This Bureau makes up a full njport in the 
 case from the record of the trial filed therein, statinj^ the nature of 
 the offence, the circumstances connected with its commission, the 
 sentence iui])osed, and a brief opinion on the merits of the whole case 
 as presented in the application for clemency, and as a])pears from the 
 record of the trial. This Bureau is then required to transmit its re- 
 l)ort to the Adjutant-General, who is presumed thereupon to submit 
 it to the Secretary of War. Formerly such reports were submitted 
 direct to the Secretary of War by the Judge- Advocate-General, but 
 latterly the practice has varietl and alternated between the Judge- 
 Advocate-General and the Adjutant-General. At one time the Adju- 
 tant-General was required to refer such information as the records of 
 his office contained in the case to the Judge- Advocate-Genenil, who 
 would then report and submit the case for the consideration of the Sec- 
 retary. This was the more reasonable and logical rule, for the Adjutant- 
 General has merely the custody of the documents evidencing enlistments 
 or engagements to service, while this Bureau has not only the.se data in 
 the case (which are always established at the trial), but the entire record 
 of the conviction. Under this rule neither the Adjutant-General's Office 
 nor this Bureau was subordinate to the other, and action was secured 
 in the light of all the attainable facts in the case, and with no unneces- 
 sary delay or circundocution. I desire, also, in this connection, to invite 
 attention to the following: The recent regulations for the Army, com- 
 piled by the Adjutant-General, contain the following at paragraph 874: 
 
 Commnnications relating to military justice or proceedings of military courts, upon 
 which the opiuion of the Judge- Advocate-General is desired, will be forwarded through 
 proper channels to the Adjutant-General. 
 
 The prior regulation on this subject is as follows 
 
 All communications pertaining to questions of military justice or the proceedings of 
 military courts and commissions, throughout the Armies of the United States, must he 
 addressed to the Judgc-Advocate-General. 
 
 This prior regulation was originally i)romulgated in general orders to 
 the Army, but subsequent thereto, and quite recently, a circular or 
 letter changed the rule as now embodied in the regulation above quoted. 
 It is difficult to understand why such communications should be ad- 
 dressed to the Adjutant-General rather than to this Bureau, where 
 all the data in such matters are filed. Further, there is no good reason 
 apparent why the Adjutant-General should be troubled with subjects 
 over which he has by law no powers of revision or control, a course 
 necessarily leading to delay, confusion, and increased labor, without any 
 possible beneficial results. Nothing but the great importance of the 
 subject impels me to thus advert to it. It deeply affects the country at 
 large, in view of the great number of unfortuu;) te young men who enlist 
 and fail as soldiers in time of peace, and thus fill the military prisons of 
 the country, leaving in numerous cases dependent wives, children, par- 
 ents, and other relatives, whose piteous appeals for the release of their 
 friends are constantly being made. Most military oflfeuders are not of 
 the felonious or vicious class; the great majority being sim])ly deserters, 
 the offence of desertion, in time of peace, being merely a breach of con- 
 tract for personal services, but to which the law attaches criminal lia- 
 bility. Men enlist, and tind the service to be totally different from 
 Avhat they imagined it to be. They find that nothing substantial can 
 be spared for the assistance of dependent relatives, and at the first 
 favorable opportunity abandon the service. The penalties now usually
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 373 
 
 awarded for desertion — from two to live years' bard labor in prison with 
 dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay, &c. — are too severe for this 
 class of men. 
 
 But while this is so, there are others who are known in the Army as 
 chronic deserters, who are constantly vibratinjf between the company and 
 tlie military prison. Such characters should be more severely dealt with 
 and means devised to effectually exclude them from the service. The 
 ordinary offence of desertion in time of peace is, in n)y judgment, gen- 
 erally too severely punished in our service. The severity of the jjunish- 
 ment is clearly not projjortioned to the criminal nature of the offence. 
 But why should this be necessary in our Army in time of peace, when 
 recruits can so readily be procured and retained in the service? The 
 great railroad and other corporations in the country which employ many 
 thousands of men rarely or never lose their men through denertion^ but 
 the employment, though often severe and hazardous, is sought, and, when 
 procured, retained. Hervice as a soldier in the Army should be sought 
 by able-bodied and vigorous men as a calling leading to honor and re- 
 ward, instead of one from which such men llee by the thousand annually. 
 There must be some detect in our military system, otherwise this would 
 not occur. The pay and allowances of a soldier are about those of the 
 ordinary unskilled laborer. It is believed, however, that a larger num- 
 ber of the artisan class enlist than of the unskilled labor class, but these 
 soon realize that the pay is insufficient, and that the service is not just 
 what was anticipated: hence they abandon it. In my judgment, while 
 the pay as now tixed is ami)le for some, yet for the greater part of the 
 enlisted men of the Army it is lusufiQcient. I think a measure, if adopted, 
 of a regular increase of pay fi'om year to year for faithful services which 
 at the end of five years' service would make the pay of a soldier, say, 
 cwenty-five or thirty dollars per month, would secure to the service 
 trained soldiei's, and, all things considered, at a cost greatly less than 
 that incurred by the present system. Again, it is found that men en- 
 list and desert either at the recruiting rendezvous or soon after reach- 
 ing the depot for recruits. It would be well, therefore, in time of peace, 
 to establish a probationary term for the recruit; that is, upon enlistment 
 and transfer to the dei)ot, if he finds, upon considering his new relation, 
 that he would prefer his discharge, to grant the same upon his paying 
 expenses, &c., incident to his enlistment. This would protect the gov- 
 ernment and save the country a citizen. It is believed that a soldier in 
 time of peace, nndcr proiyer restrictions, should be accorded the right to 
 buy his discharge from the service, by paying the necessary expenses 
 and charges incident to his enlistment and assignment to a regiment. 
 This principle was indeed recognized even in the emergency of a time 
 of war by the statntes authorizing persons drafted feo furnish substitutes. 
 I refer to this only as it relates to the question of discijjline through 
 judicial proceedings and of pardons, questions on which this Bureau is 
 required to act under the law and regulations. 
 
 The views of this Bureau on the Article of War limiting prosecutions 
 as to time are briefly mentioned in thc-annual report of the Judge-Ad- 
 vocate-Geueral for the year 1879, in which he said: 
 
 I scarcely nec^l a,i;ain reiniud the hoii(iral)le Secretary of tlm Hiiin;iilar anomaly dwelt 
 upon by me in foruier re})or(s, that wliilo llio prosocntioii of all other nulitary crimen 
 is admitted to be limited by the exJKtinp article to (hu])tri(nl of two vearH therein pre- 
 Bcribed, the crime of desertion has bfen heretofore held and treated by the majority 
 of commanders in the Army to be practically uinxtleeted by the linutation, so that a 
 deserter may be brouj^ht to trial at any time after his ollence, or, in other words, remain 
 liable to arrest and pnnishment to the end of his lifo. Thus, under this doctrine and 
 practice, a soldier of the war of 18I'J, who may have dosorted and be still alive, may
 
 374 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 at any moment Lo apprehended, tried by coiirt-martijil, and 8cn(eiiced to a term of 
 imprisonnieut, tliouffll by an cxempliiiy and valuable life of inoni (lian half a century 
 he may ha\'e .atoned over and over for tlu; d< r(Oi(;l,ii)n of liis youth. In otlicr words, 
 he remains nnder a liability from which a soldii^r guilty of mutiny or cowardice in 
 battle, or a civilian guilty of manslaughter, robbery, rapt;, arson, or high treason, is 
 exempt under the existing law of the laud. 
 
 Au4 in Lis report of 1880 lie says: 
 
 In conchision, I would refer the Secretary of War to the very reccTit decision of the 
 United States district court for the sotitheru district of New York, in the case of Thomas 
 Davison, on habeas corpus, in which the views heretofore expressed by me and my pred- 
 ecessor in office, in regard to the subject of the limitation of ])rosecutiou in ca.ses of 
 desertion, are sustained most fully and explicitly and in every separate paiticular. 
 
 Tlie following is a copy of the decision referred to in the report of my 
 predecessor: 
 
 United States district court, southern district, New York. 
 
 In the matter of Thomas Davison on habeas corpus. 
 
 Choate, J. : 
 
 The petitioner, Thomas Davi.son, seeks to be discharged on habeas corput. He has 
 been arrested as a deserter from the Army, and is contiued at Fort Columbus, Gov- 
 ernor's Island. It appears by the return that he eulisted in New York on the 28th day 
 of July, 1870, for the term of five years ; and that he deserted while on furlough on the 
 14th day of February, 1872 ; that he was arrested as a deserter and brought to Fort 
 Columbus on the 21st day of October, 1860, and that the prelimiutvry steps have been 
 taken by the proper military officers to have him brought before a general court-mar- 
 tial for trial. It appears » * • that at no time since the 14th day of Febrnary, 
 1872, has he been absent from the United States, but, on the contrary, has always re- 
 sided continuously in the city of New York, Avhich is the jjlace where he is alleged to 
 have committed the offence and where he was arrested. 
 
 The prisoner's release is claimed on the ground "that more than two years have 
 elapsed since the commission of the alleged offence and before the issuing of an order 
 for his trial, and that therefore he is not legally liable to be arrested and held for trial 
 as a deserter." * * » 
 
 The one hundred and third Article of War (Eev. Slats., § 1342) provides that "No 
 person shall be liable to be tried and punished by a general court-martial for any of- 
 fence which apijears to have been committed more than two years before the issuing 
 of the order for such trial, unless, by reason of having absented himself, or of some 
 other manifest impediment, he shall not have been amenable lo justice within that 
 period." It is insisted on the jiart of the respondent that by "absence" is here meant 
 absence from the post of duty, and that this article has no application to desertions. 
 It is certainly a startling proposition that there is no limitation at all upon prosecit- 
 tions for the olfence of desertion ; that one who has once been a deserter is subject 
 during the whole of his natural life to be brought before a military court and tried 
 and punished for this offence even in extreme old age. Y'et this is seriously contended 
 by the learned counsel for the respondent. The statute does not require, nor in my 
 opinion admit of so strict and narrow a construction. There is nothing in this article 
 itself clearly indicating that it does not extend to every military olfeuce. As it is the 
 only article limiting the time of prosecutions, the presumption is very strong that it 
 extends to every militarj^ olience ; for, with the single exception of the crime of mur- 
 der, the almost universal policy of the criminal law is to prescribe a term within 
 which the oft'ender shall be brought to trial. The language of this statute of limita- 
 tions must be construed with reference to the use of similar language in other statutes 
 of limitations. The "absence" here intended is obviously from the context such an 
 absence as interposes an impediment to the bringing of the oifender to trial and pun- 
 ishment. It means absence from the jurisdiction of the military courts; that is, ab- 
 sence from the United States. The "other manifest impediments" referred to in the 
 statute as being such as shall have |ffevented the oifender from being amenable to 
 justice, are such impediments only as operate to prevent the military court from exer- 
 cising its jurisdiction Over him, as, for instance, his being contiuuously a prisoner in 
 the hands of the enemy, or of his being imprisoned under sentence of a civil court for 
 crime, and the like. This seems to me to be the sensible and proper construction of 
 the article. It is the construction which has been frequently given to it by the Ex- 
 ecutive department. (1 Opin. Atty. Gen., 383; 13 id, 4G2; 14 iV?., r>2; re Harris, 14 
 id., 26.").) Nor as it seems to me can the whole effect of the limitation be taken away 
 on the theorj^ that the desertion may be considered for some purposes to be a continu- 
 ing offence. The offence was complete February 22, 1872, for the purjiose of this article, 
 and indeed in the return that is alleged to be the time when the offence was commit- 
 ted for which the prisoner is now held. *
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 375 
 
 Upon the nncliBpute 1 fafts of the ease there was neither ahwiice nor other iiii])e(li- 
 ment to lii.s proseeuiion within the uieuuiiifi of ihe statute. Tiie ]>risoner li;us at all 
 times heeu within the jnriMli.tiou and auien;i!)!e to justice if the eharjje aiuMiuHt hiui 
 is true. Therefore lu; i.s entitled to 1»« <lisehar;,'e<l. The facts are such that if hruuLcht 
 to trial he csitinot ^lowsibly he fouii'l ;;uilty, or )»uuishe(l hy court-martial for the deser- 
 tion. If ou the fact."* a queatioii could arise whether the juisoiier had as matter of 
 fact heen absent froui the jurisdictiou, or by reasou of other iniiiedinient had uot been 
 aTnenahJe to justice, theu it mi;iht perhaps be the proper province of the ^nilitary 
 court and not of this court on hahetm corpun to detenuiiu' that question. But the fact 
 not being disputed That he lias resided in th*i city of New York continuously ever 
 since his desertion the court-martial has nothing to try and his arrest lor this cause 
 is illegal. 
 
 Petitioner discharged. 
 
 The ojjposin^' vicw.s and reasoniuo', as published in ])amphlet hy the 
 Adjutaut-General, lioldinj;- that the olfence of desertion i.s not compre 
 hended within the one hundred and third Article of War, are as follows: 
 
 The origin of the statute [of limitations] is in the act of April 10, 1806 (2 Stat., p. 
 259), and is in the exact language of the present one hundred and third Article of 
 War, with the single non-essential excejjtiou that in the present one hundred and third 
 article the word "of" occurring before the words "some other manifest impediment" 
 does not appear in the original act. But prior to the creation of this statute, viz, by 
 the act of March IG, 1802 (2 Stat., sec. 16, j). 671), it was provided "that if any non- 
 commissioned ollieer, musician, or private shall desert the service of the Uni te<l .States, 
 he shall in addition to the penalties mentioned in the x-ules and articles of war, be lia- 
 ble to serve for and during such a period as shall, with the time he m.-iy have served 
 previous to his desertion, amount to the full term of his enlistment, and such soldier 
 shall and mav" if trUd by a court-martial and punished although the term of his enlist- 
 ment may have elapsed previous to his being apprehended and tried." And this clause 
 is deliberately repeated in the act of January 11, 1S12 (2 Stat., sec. Iti, p. 67;]), and 
 again in the act of January 29, 1813 (2 Stat., sec. 12, p. 796), and still remains as a 
 law for the government of the Army as the forty-eighth Article of War (sec. 1342, 
 Rev. Stat., Itf78), thus showing the intent of the law-making power to vest tlie mili- 
 tary authorities with full power to arrest, try, and punish a deserter wheucver ho may 
 be apprehended, oven though his term of enlistment had elapsed. Further than this, 
 these acts are mandatory. The rules and articles of war impose certain penalties and 
 punishments for the crime of desertion in addition to which the soldier is now called 
 upon to make good to the government the time lost hy his absence, so that the full 
 period of his service shall be equal to the term agreed upon in his contract of enlist- 
 ment, and in order that the ofl'ender ni.ay plea<l in bar of trial the expiration of his 
 contract it is made the duty of the military authority to bring him to trial and if con- 
 victed to ))uuish him, notwithsianding "the term of his enlistment may have elapsed 
 l)rovious to his having been apprehended and tried." 
 
 It is a fundamental rule that statutes of limitations, in criminal mat- 
 ters, apply to all cases not expressly excepted. 
 
 The forty-eij^hth Article of War, relied upon as takinu' the offence of 
 desertion out of the purviev.of the one hundred and third article, reads 
 as follows : 
 
 Every soldier who deserts the service of the United States shall ho liabh- to serve 
 for such period as shall with the time he may have served previous to his desertion 
 amount to til* fnll terju of his enlistment, and such soldier shall bo tried by court- 
 martial and punished, although the term of his enlistment may have elapsed previous 
 to his being aj)prehended and tried. 
 
 The one hundred and third article reads as follows : 
 
 No person shall he liable to bo tried and ])nnished by .i general court-martial for any 
 ofl'ence which appears tt) have been conuniited more than two years before the issuing 
 of the order for such trial unless by reason of having absented himself or of some 
 other manifest impediment he shall not have heeu amenable to justice within that 
 period. 
 
 This article is a re-enactment of the eighty-eighth Article of War of 
 the code of 180(3, and manifestly there is no exception therein as to the 
 olfence of desertion. 
 
 The forty eighth Article of War is a re-enactment of the eighteenth 
 section of the act of March, 10, 1802 (2 Stilt., 13G), and although this
 
 «376 PAPliUS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 act of 1802 liad boen snccossivoly rc-fnacted in tlio acts of 1812-'13 
 (2 Stat., (573, T*.)!)), y«'t np to tlu; revision of the statutes in 1873, the 
 early act of 1802 was sok'ly relied on for tlie purpose. (See it embodied 
 in the various editions of the Army Kej^ulaiions up to 1803.) 
 
 The statute, it will be seen, w^as in force when the eighty-eighth Article 
 of Way was adopted, atul it may be accepted as certain, if it was inten<led 
 to exce])t desertion from the universal rule established by that article, 
 it would have been so provide<l. So far as both articles relate to the of- 
 fence of desertion, they are laws in pari materia, and must V>e so construed 
 with reference to each other. The first clause of the forty-eighth Article 
 of War relates solely to the ])unisliment that may be inflicted on a 
 deserter; that is, making good lost time, and is not inconsistent with the 
 limitations of the one hunured and third article. Yet the requirement 
 to make good lost time cannot in strictness be considered as a pimish- 
 ment, but rather a j;er/brma?ice of that which the soldier solemnly agreed 
 to perform by his contract of enlistment. The second clause of the 
 forty-eighth article — providing that the soldier may be tried and pun- 
 ished tliougli his original term of enlistment may have expired — fixes 
 the point of time from which the limitation of the one hundred and 
 ^ third articleshall begin to run, namely, from the expiration of his original 
 enlistment (unless the soldier shall have in the mean time been amenable 
 to justice), because the article says that the soldier may be tried and 
 punished for the desertion, although the term of his enlistment may have 
 elapsed i)revious to his being apprehended and tried. Desertion, then, 
 is a continuing ofi'ence during the enlistment. Beyond its expiration it 
 is subject to the limitation fixed by the one hundred and third article. 
 The opt)osing views upon this constraction of the article referred to 
 are as follows : 
 
 It is not reasonable to suppose that tlie act of April 10, 1806, Tras intended 
 to render llie luandalory act of Marcli 1(J, 1802, inoperative and ineffectual, nor 
 is it credible that Congress should deliberately interpolate a law vrhich should 
 so conflict with other laws as to render a comijliance Avith either practically im- 
 possible. It is not reasonable to suppose that Congress created the one hundred 
 and third Article of War as a convenient plea in bar of trial to prosecutions under the 
 forty-eighth, nor can it be so regarded by the Executive Department in the administra- 
 tion and execution of the law. 
 
 That is, according to this reasoning, the forty-eighth and one hundred 
 and third Articles of War are irreconcilable and cannot stand together. 
 
 This view, it is claimed, is supported by the following reasoning and 
 authority; 
 
 On the contrary, according to Mr. Justice Blackstone (Vol. 1, p. 91), "If there 
 arises out of a slatate any absurd consequences manifestly contradictory to common 
 reason, they are, with regard to these collateral consequences, void": and in the case 
 of Ogden rs. Strong (2 Paiue's U. S. Rep., 584), it is announced as a settled principle 
 of law, that in the construction of a statute every part of it must be viewed in connec- 
 tion with the whole, so as to make all parts hf»rnionize if practicable, and give a 
 sensible and intelligible effect to each ; nor should it be presumed that the legislature 
 meant that any part of the statute should be witliojit meaning or without force and 
 effect. 
 
 Plainly this rule of construction does not support the reasoning of the 
 other side, but just the reverse. 
 
 While the law is thus plain it is the 2iractice and procedure under it 
 that are found to be the most embarrassing. I think, however, the 
 principles underlying the one hundred and-third article m the matter of 
 pleading iiiid2)ractice arc truly stated in the foilovrnig reports of this Bu- 
 reau : 
 
 BcsEAiT OF Military Justice, 
 
 Augmt 2, 1881. 
 
 Prisouer Charles A. Fisher, late r)th Infantry, was brought to trial in April last at 
 Fort Keogh, M. T., for desertion eomniittcd July ^, ISTt.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 377 
 
 He pleaded in bar the oue hundred and third Article of War, averring in support 
 thereof the following facts: " I have been absent from niycommand two years and five 
 months ; have never during this period been to a foreign country; have never left the 
 United States or its territories. I have in fact never left this department, and have 
 on many occasions been among various delachmenrs, troops, and comi)anit's of thi.s 
 command, I being employed either on the extension of the Northern Pacitic Railroad 
 or in carrying or guarding the United States mail between this post and the city of 
 liismarck, Dak., and have tht^reforo always lieen amenable to Justice had I.been ar- 
 rested. Should it be necessary to substantiate the above statements in regard to my 
 ^vhereabouts, I am able to reler to several commissioned officers and a large number of 
 enlisteii men of thi.s command." 
 
 Thus the prisoner fairly raised the issue of his non-amenability to trial under the 
 one hundred and third Article of War, and was ready and willing to prove it, but the 
 court would not permit him to do so, and immediately overruled his pica, whereupon 
 the prisoner pleaded "guilty," and upon conviction wassentenced to dishonorable di.s- 
 chargo, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and to confinement for two yeare. The 
 proceedings and sentence were approved and coutirpied by the department commander 
 and were duly transmitted to this office. 
 
 The bar of the one hundred and third Article of War is like any other defence before 
 a court-martial. If the prisoner would avail himself of its benefits, he must plead it 
 and prove it, or he may prove it on the general issue of "not guilty," without specially 
 pleading it, and if the court believes from the evidence adduced that the ofi'euce was 
 committed more than two years before the issuing of the order for the trial, and that 
 the prisoner was anieuablo to justice within that period, that is, if the military au- 
 thorities by reasonable diligence might have arrested him and brought him to trial 
 ■within the lapsed period if they would, then the trial should be held to be barred' 
 A>ithin the meaning of the one hundred and third article; if otherwise, the plea of 
 the prisoner should be held for naught. 
 
 The obligation of proving anj* fact lies upon the party who substantially assorts it. 
 
 Now, if the limitation of the one hundred and third Article of War was so incorpo- 
 rated with the oflence of desertion, as defined by the forty-seventh Article of War, 
 that the ingredients or essential allegations of the oflence could not be accurately and 
 clearly described if the limitation or exception is omitted, the specification must 
 allege enough to show that the accused is not within the exception, in which case the 
 burden of ])roof, showing that the prisoner was not amenable to justice within two 
 years, would lie on tho prosecution, because it was bound to allege it. But as the 
 language of the forty-seventh Article of War defining desertion is so entirely separa- 
 ble iiom the provisions of the one hundred and third Article of War that the ingre- 
 dients or essential allegations of the otlence may be accurately and clearly defined 
 without auy reference to the last-named article, tho charges founded on the forty- 
 seventh article may omit any such reference, and the matter contained in the oue 
 hundred and third article is matter of defence aud to be shown by the accused. 
 
 The same may be said of every other Article of War defining crimes and punish- 
 ments, where the bar of the one hundred aud third article is to be considered. That 
 article is separate and distinct from each and all of the articles defining offences and 
 ]junishnient8. 
 
 In United States vs. Cooke (17 Wallace, 168), it is held in a prosecution under 
 section 16, act of August 6, 184G, providing against embezzlement of public money, 
 that if the defendant would avail himself of the limitations to trial, &.c., provided by 
 section 32, act of April 30, 1790, the exceptiou must be sVown by him. 
 
 The court held that where a statute defining an oflTence contains an exception in the 
 enacting clause of the statute, which is so incorporated with tbe language defining 
 the ottence that the ingredients of the ofience cannot be accurately and clearly described 
 if the exception is omitted, an indictment founded upon tho statute must allege 
 enough to show that tbe accused is not within the exception. IJut if tho language of 
 the .section defining the offence is so entirely separable from the exception that the 
 ingredients constituting tho offence may be accurately and clearly defined without 
 any reference to the excejition, the indictment m:iy omit any such reference. The 
 matter contained in the exception is matter of defence and to be shown by the accused. 
 
 No exception or provi.so of any kind is contained in [section 16] the act of Congress 
 of August 6, 1*54(3, and therefore the court held tlial the excejition of limitaf iou to 
 trials prescribed by the thirty-second section of tho act of April 3U, 17UU, was matter 
 of defence to be shown by the accused if ho would. 
 
 The sections of the acts of I7'J0 and 1846 referred to are embraced in $$ 1044, 1045. 
 .md r)491 of the revision; and in this connection the operation of ^^ 1044, 1045, on 
 prosecutions under ^ T^lDl, i_s deemed to be analogous to prosecutions uiuler the forty- 
 seventh Article of War, as limited in time by the oue hundred and thii'd article, and 
 the same principle of inocediu'e would apjjly as near a« may be iu both cases.
 
 378 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 No uniform nilo of i)rocp<luro before courts-niartial lias beeu observed -wilh respect 
 to tbo limitHtioii of trialH as fixed by arliclo lOU, but, tho usual courso of procedure 
 and practice luiH been aH stated in tliis cano— tbe prisoner making tlie plea accom- 
 panied by a ramblin^j arguiiieiit on tbo law and tbe facts, to bo immediately oveiTuled 
 by tbe court, as in tbis instancfi — altlion;;b some conrts-martial, tbinkinf; tliat such a 
 statomont on tbe i)art of tbe accused, without more, made it suflJciently to appear that 
 the oifenco was committed more than two years before the issuin}^ of tbe order for the 
 trial, and that tho trial was thus barred, have beeu known tr) sustain the plea, and 
 submit tlio record to the conveniuf; authority, who invariably returned it to the 
 court, with orders to proceed with the trial, disregarding the plea or statement of the 
 piisoner. 
 
 The doubt now experienced by courts-martial in cases of desertion, where the speci- 
 fication shows upon its face that the alleged desertion wa.s committed more than two 
 years before the issuing of the order for trial, is whether tho exception of the one hun- 
 dred and third article should be shown by the x»rosecution, or by the accused. The 
 general understanding is believed to be that the prosecution is refiuired to show it, 
 and this being impracticable, for to do so the prisoners whereabouts during Lis 
 unauthorized absence must be shown, and, in addition, that he was not amenable to 
 justice within that period, so the prosecution does not attempt it, and the inherent 
 difficulty of such showing has led to a disregard of the provisions of the one hundred 
 and third article in cases of desertion. 
 
 To obviate this incongruity of procedure and practice under the one bnndred and 
 third article (or it might be said a total want of either), it is believed that the rule 
 established by the Supreme Court in the analogous case referred to should be adopted, 
 and where the prisoner shows, by competent evidence, that he was amenable to justice 
 •within the period fixed, it should be held binding and barring the trial. 
 
 As the pri.soner, on his showing, was manifestly within the reach of the military 
 authorities, and therefore amenable to justice within tbe lapsed two years, it was 
 the duty of the court to allow the prisoner to make good his plea by the introduction 
 of evidence, and the failure of the court to do this was substantial enor, which, in my 
 judgment, invalidates the proceedings and sentence. » * * 
 
 War Departmext, 
 Bureau of Military Justice, 
 
 Washington, March 21, 1882. 
 
 Respectfully returned to the Secretary of "War. 
 
 The question asked in the papers is, whether an enlisted man who deserted in Jan- 
 uary, lti77— over five years ago— and is still at large, but is supposed to be in tho 
 vicinity of his post at Springfield, Mass., may now be arrested and brought to trial for 
 the desertion. I answer, yes. 
 
 A contrary view, however, is assumed in these papers, and is placed on the ground 
 that the liability to trial and punishment imposed by the second clause of the article 
 [forty-eighth Article of War] is subject to the two years' limitation for prosecutions 
 prescribed by Article 103; and therefore it would be useless to arrest this man, pay 
 $30 for his apprehension and have him discharged by habeas corpus » * * before 
 he could be removed from the State, and that this has been done in Massachusetts at 
 least in one instance. 
 
 It has been held by this Bureau "that in case of desertion, the period of limitation 
 began to run from the day on which the deserter absented himself without authority." 
 This ruling is here reaffirmed. It has been also repeatedly held by this Bureau that 
 "the bar of the one hundred and third Article of War is like any other defence before 
 a court-martial. If the prisoner would avail himself of its benefits he must plead 
 and prove it, or he may prove it on the general issue of not guilty without specially 
 pleading it; and if the court believe, from the evidence adduced, that the offence was 
 committed more than two years before the issuing of the order for the trial, and that 
 the prisoner was amenable to justice within that period, that is, if the military authori- 
 ties, by reasonable diligence, might have arrested him and brought him to trial within 
 the lapsed period, if they would, then the trial should be held to be barred within 
 the meaning of the one hundred and third Article; if otherwise, the plea or showing 
 of the prisoner should be held for naught." (.See tbe opinions of this Bureau on this 
 subject of the 2d of August, 1881, and the 19th of January, 1S82.) 
 
 The bar of the one hundred and third Article of War, therefore, being a matter to 
 be established on the trial, will not be inquired into on habeas corpus. 
 
 The ruling of Judge Choate in the matt^er of the deserter Davison in habcaf! corpus 
 in the district court of the United States for tbe southern district of New York, being 
 the only judicial decision on the subject, is in perfect harmony with what is here 
 stated. (Seethe opinion iu this case'printed and attached to the Anriual Report of 
 this Bureau for 18H0.) In that ease tho prisoner deserted in 1872, and was appre- 
 hended in 1880— eight years afterwards. The court laid down the rule that tbe period 
 of limitation commenced on the date of tho prisoner's absenting himself in desertion, 
 and that the bar of the one hundred and third Article of War applied to the offence
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 379 
 
 of (losortion in tlio same manntr as to other oiTciices provided liy the Article of War. 
 Tlie court Inrtlicr remarked: '•I'poit Ihe undiKj uled f/tctx of the ease tliere \v;i,s ueilher 
 aliseiice iior other iiiii-ediuuiit to his prosecutiou williiu tlie iiieauii);: of the statute. 
 The pn«oner has at all times been within tlie jurisdiction and amenablp to instice ii 
 the chartcc against him is true. Therefore be is entitled to hia discharj^e. The fact* 
 are sueli that if hronght to trial lie cannot possihly be fonnd guilty or ))unishL'd by a 
 court-martial for the desertion. If on the facts a rjuestiou ctuild arise whether the 
 prisoner had, as a matter of fact, bi-en absent from the jurisdiction or by reason of 
 other imi)ediment liad not been amenable to justice, then it might perhaps be the 
 proper province of the military court, and not of this court, on liubias corpitx to deter- 
 mine that question. But the fact not being disputed that he resided in the city ot 
 New York continuously ever since his desertion, the court-martial has nothing to try, 
 and his arrest for this cause is illegal." 
 
 There is no (inestion but the same ruling would obtain in Massachusetts. Of course 
 if tliis man has resided in the vicinity of his post during the period of his absence iu 
 desertion, and the military authorities by reasonable diligence might have arrested 
 him and brought him to trial Avitliiu the limitation, he ought not to be now arrested 
 and brought to trial. But this is a matter to be established by evidence on the trial 
 and ougiit not to be jiresumed, neither can it be presumed that the courts in Massachu- 
 setts will transcend or violate well-established principles of law and .set this man at 
 liberty, if arrested, unless, as iu Davison's case above cited, the case of the govern- 
 ment be admitted away by concession for the purpose of establishing the single propo- 
 sition as to wheiher or not the bar of the one huudi'edaud third article applies to the 
 olfeuce of desertion. 
 
 The views of this Bureau respecting the burden of proof in showing the exceptions 
 contained in the one hundred and third Article of War are suslaiin-d by the rulings 
 of the Supreme Court of the United States iu Uuited States r«. Cooke (17 Wallace, IGb), 
 construing the statute of liiiiilations iu criminal ])rosecutions before the couits of the 
 United States; that statute being substantially similar iu its iixcentious to those con- 
 tained in the one hundred and third Article of War, but are denied, it would seem, 
 by Attorney-General Wirt in a brief opinion rendered in 1820 (1 Opinions, :iS'A), iu 
 which he said: "I do not think it is comjielent, to any individual to waive [the limit- 
 ation] or that a court-martial can proceed to examine into olVences of more than two 
 years' standing previous to the order summoning the court, unless the prosecutor can 
 show that the party accused, by rea.son of ab.sence or some other manifest impediment, 
 had not been amenable to justice within the time limited by the rule." 
 
 Attorney-General Cushing (G Opinions, 'S.iU) seems to admit the correctness of this 
 opinion, in a case before him, in which, however, the point was not directly raised; 
 and see it referred to in i:? Opinions, 4ti:{, and in 14 Opinions, 207, 2n8. But it is sub- 
 mitted that the views of Attorney-General Wirt on this subject violate well-established 
 principles ot pleading and practice, and virtually nullify the exceptions in the article, 
 especially in cases of desertion. Absence is the only impediment iu cases of desertion. 
 If the prosecution be required to follow up and show where the deserter has been during 
 his absence, this would imply that it was within the power of the prosecutor to have 
 brought him to trial within the exact i)eriod, and thus the exception would be ignored. 
 Not one deserter iu live huiulred is found to go beyond the limits of the United States, 
 yet it is believed that the prosecutor, in very few of the numerou*; c:iscs of desertion 
 •where more than two years have elapsed between the desertion and trial thereof, could 
 trac<> by satisfactory evidence the cx.act whereabouts of the deserter during absence; 
 and if lie undertook to do so the expense of the investigation would be so large as to 
 virtually defeat th<', ends of justice. Ilow, then, should the matter be aacertaiiu'd but 
 by the showing of the party accused 1 He must be the best informed as to his whero- 
 al>outs during his absence; and upon that showing — giving the prosecutor the right to 
 reply — the court should detcrjuiue whether or not he was amenable to trial during the 
 lapsed period. 
 
 On the other hand, the party pleading or setting up the bar of the one 
 hundred and third article must show that he is not within the exception 
 contained in tluit article, bccanse it i.s so associated with the general lan- 
 guage iixiiig the limitation tiiat it must be negatived by the jth'ader ac- 
 cording to the rule stated in United States vs. Cooke, cited below, to the 
 eflect that — 
 
 where there is an exception so inc.cu-poraled with the enacting clause that the one 
 cannot be read without the «»tlier, then tho excejition must he negatived. 
 
 The whole of the one hundred and third article, it will be seen, must 
 be read together in order to nn<lerstan<l its object Mud purpose. 
 
 Vv'hat action the Secretary ol" ^Var may have taken in these cases 
 this Bureau is not advised j but the subject is agaiu commended to his
 
 380 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 conaideratioii, in llu; hope lli:it some riil<' may bo e.stiil;li.slie<l where con- 
 fusion and injustice now obtain. In a recent case where tla: parly tried 
 by court-martial api)be<l to this Bureau for a copy of the proceedings in 
 Ills case, it was ascertained that the lecord liad not been received, but 
 was retained and liU.'d in tlie oHice of the Adjutant-General. The Adju- 
 tant-General was re<piested to transmit the record to this Bureau for 
 Jile, wliich he did, with tlj<! following remarks: 
 
 These proceed in<T8 were forward otl to IIii.H office by the Commanding General, Divis- 
 ion of the Pacific, for a decision of the War Department relative to liis future status, 
 the man having plead th<^ on(^ Inindred and third Article of War in bar of trial, which 
 plea was sustained by the court; '■' ''* * the Commanding General, Division of the 
 Pacific, was furnished a copy of the decision of the S(;ci'etary of War, of .January 20, 
 1877 (on the opinion of the Attorney-General of September 1, 1H7(J), to the eti'ect that 
 the old interpretation of the lateeiglity-eightli, now one hundred and third. Article of 
 War, under which a deserter niighl; be tried by coui-t-martial, Avitliont regard to the 
 length of liis absence, notwithstandiug the limitation clause in said article, Bhoald 
 continue to be in force. 
 
 It will be seen that the Secretary's views there givoi harmonize with 
 those of this Bureau, and do not bear out the theory that the Secretary 
 had determined that the limitation of tlie one hundred and third article 
 did hot appl^' to desertion. The court certainly has jurisdiction to hear 
 and determine the case, aUhough more than two years may appear to 
 have elapsed since the comndssion of the offence. 
 
 The views of this Bureau as to the procedure and practice under the 
 one hundred and third article are sustained by the very best legal au- 
 thority. See, for example, Judge Kedtield's note to United States 
 vs. Cooke, in 12 American Law Begister, N. S., p. 691, where all the au- 
 thorities on the subject are reviewed and commented upon and the 
 doctrine of that case sustained. Mr. Bishop, one of the ablest of our 
 writers on criminal jurisprudence, in his first volume on Criminal Pro- 
 cedure, section (538, saj'S : 
 
 As on the common law, so on a statute, the indictment need not negative what is 
 mere matter of defence. For examxde, it need, not deny that the prcsecution i.s baiTed 
 by the statute of limitations. 
 
 This citation, howe^^er, relates to a statute of limitations correspond- 
 ing in form to the one hundred and third Article of War. 
 
 In the views I entertain of the one hundred and third Article, of 
 course no amendment of it is necessary, the same being ample in its 
 I)resent form to 'insure justice and discipline in the Army. 
 
 The one hundred and fourteenth Article of War provides that — 
 
 Every party tried by a general court-martial shall, on demand thereof, madel)y him- 
 self, or by any person in his behalf, lie entitled to a coi>y of the proceedings and sen- 
 tence of such court. 
 
 What constitutes the proceedings and sentence of the court to which 
 a party is entitled to a copy ? I am of opinion that it must mean all 
 that occurred before the court, set down in the record, as well as the 
 action of the officer authorized by law to approve and confirm the pro- 
 ceedings and sentence, together with the reports of all other otficers 
 required by law to revise or i)ass upon the legality of the proceedings. 
 
 The Judge-Advocate-General is directed by law to revise the pro- 
 ceedings of all general conrts-martial. It is plain, therefore, that the 
 report of the revision of the Judge- Advocate-General in a ease is as 
 much a part of tlie proceedings as is the action of the court or the offi- 
 cer who approved and confirmed the sentence in the first instance. 
 Nevertheless, the reports of revisions of the Judge-Advocate-General 
 are now considered confidential in tlieir nature, and parlies trietl are 
 not permitted to receive copies of the same. W^hile this is so, these
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 381 
 
 reports are authorized hj the Secretary of War to be printed and pub- 
 lished for distribution in the form of a digest. When it is eonsidered 
 that in most, if not all, trials by general courts-martial a number of is- 
 sues are presented, and tliat rarely the ease is summed up on the law 
 and the evidence until it readies the Judge- Advocate-Gejieral, it seems 
 like a denial of a substantial right to refuse to parties tried copies of 
 such rei)orts. 
 
 The officers of the corps of Judge-Advocates are stationed as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Maj. Guido N. Lieber, on duty in this Bureau. 
 
 Maj. William Wintlirop, Military Division of tuo Pacific and De- 
 partment of California, Presidio of San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Maj. H. B. Buruham, Headquarters Department of thePlatte, Omaha, 
 Nebr. 
 
 Maj. Thomas F. Barr, in the Office of the Secretary of War. 
 
 Maj. Herbert P. Curtis, professor of law. Military Academy, West 
 Point, N. Y. 
 
 jMaj. Henry Goodfellow, Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 
 Fort Leavenworth, Kans. 
 
 Maj. A. B. Gardner, Headquarters ^Military Division of the Atlantic 
 and Department of the East, Governor's Ishind, New York Harbor. 
 
 Extracts from the re[)orts of Ju<lgeAdvocates of Departn)ents and 
 of officers acting and performing the duties of those officers, embodying 
 recommendations on various matters on the subject of the administra- 
 tion of mihtary justice, are hereto appended, and, with this report, arc 
 respectfully submitted. 
 
 D. G. SWAIM, 
 Judge Ad voca tc- General. 
 
 The Hon. Secretary of War. 
 
 KEPOiiT OF'THi: quap.termaster-ge:st:ral. 
 
 War DEPART3IENT, 
 
 Quarter 31 ASTER General's Office, 
 
 WiCihinrjton, October \), 18S2. 
 Sir : I have the honor to submit the annual rejiort of operations of the 
 Quartermasters Department during the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 
 18«2. 
 
 Tlio balance in tlin Troasury to credit of tli« Qnartermastor's Dopart- 
 mt-ut at end of .June :50, 18Hl,wiis, as by last report Sl.TO.'i.SliG 04 
 
 Restored to the appropriations July 10, 1881, of recjuisitiou dated June 
 :ir>, 1881 5,443 97 
 
 A])|)ropriations lor tlie lisral year for service of the Quartermaster's 
 
 Dtliartnient were, in j-ross 10,809,000 00 ' 
 
 Api)n)i>riati<>n for payment of 50 i)er ceutuni to laud-f;;rant railroads, 
 
 I'or trans))(irt;ttion.' 12"), 000 00 
 
 Ap|>roprial ions forservieoof tlio Quarleriiiaster's Department (act ap- 
 proved March :!, 1881) 3G4, 925 84 
 
 Aiuoiints deposited to crt.'dlt of appropriations and received from sales 
 
 to olilieers of public property 559, 016 02 
 
 Total i:{,G28,(i81 67 
 
 Rcmittancf^s to disl>iirsiii<i otlicers liave aniountid lo.. §11,545,500 95 
 Recinisitions to pay settb-inents made liy Treasury to 
 
 pay claims ami accounts 473, 02fi 77 
 
 Carried to surplus fund, act of Juno 20, 1874 427,914 50 
 
 12, 441), 442 22 
 
 Balance in Treasury undrawn at end of June 30, 1882 1,182,239 65
 
 382 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 A table accompanieR this report, pfivinj? the amount of the various 
 items of approjjriatioiiK, remittances, &c., in detail. 
 
 The Quartermaster's Department is charged with the duty of pro- 
 viding the means of tra^nsiiortation by land and water for all troops 
 and all material of war. It furnishes the horses of the artillery and 
 cavalry, and horses and mules for the trains. It provides and distrib- 
 utes clothing, tents, camp and garrison equipage, forage, lundx'i', and 
 all material ibr camps and for shelter of troops and of stores. It builds 
 barracks, hospitals, store-houses ; i)rovides wagons, and aml)ulances, 
 and liarnoss, except for cavalry and artillery horses ; builds or char- 
 ters ships, steamers, and boats, docks and wharves ; constructs and 
 repairs roads, railways, and bridges ; clears out obstructions in rivers 
 and harbors when necessary for military purposes ; provides, by hire 
 or purchase, grounds for military encampments and buildings; pays 
 generally all expeuses of military operations not by law expressly as- 
 signed to some other department ; and, finally, it jirovides and main- 
 tains military cemeteries in Avhich the dead of the Army are buried. 
 
 Food, arms, ammunition, medical and hospital stores are purchased 
 and issued by other departments, but the Quartermaster's Department 
 tran8i)orts them to the place of issue and provides store-houses for their 
 preservation until consumed. The corps of officers upon whom all these 
 duties fall has been reduced by time until it is not able to fill well every 
 post at which an officer of activity and ability is needed. Its ranks 
 should be now opened to promotion and appointment. 
 
 Many officers of the line, finding themselves charged with heavy re- 
 sponsibilities as acting assistant quartermasters, and having insuffi- 
 cient assistance at frontier posts, ask that the enlistment of post quar- 
 termaster sergeants may be allowed by law. 
 
 Such non-commissioned officers, selected for experience and fidelity 
 shown in actual service, would be very useful. They would remain at 
 posts in charge of the property when the garrison changed, and thus 
 would preserve knowledge and responsibility now^ often lost through 
 frequent change of officers. Such officers also ask that some compen- 
 sation may be granted them for the risk which they incur in the dis- 
 bursement of public money, and for the responsibility involved in the 
 care of large amounts of public property. 
 
 I have tire honor to renew the recommendation heretofore made that 
 an allowance of $10 per month be made in addition to the pay of every 
 line officer who is detailed by proper authority as acting assistant quar- 
 termaster of a military post, when such detail is properly reported to 
 and approved by the War JDepartment. Such an allowance is only 
 just, and it would relieve the service from the feeUng that heavy duties 
 are imposed by such detail without any recognition or compensation. 
 Such duties are important, and they should be sought by good officers, 
 ' not imposed upon the slothful or unwilling. 
 
 CHANGES AND DUTIES OP OFFICERS. 
 
 By direction of the President, Brig. Gen. Montgomery C. Meigs, 
 Quartermaster-General of the Army, w^as, on February 6, 1882, retired 
 from acrive service in the Army. 
 
 Col. Daniel H. Eucker, assistant quartermaster-general, was in 
 charge of the general depot of the Quartermaster's Department at Phila- 
 delphia, Pa., to February 19, 1882. On February 20, 1882, he assumed 
 the duties of Quartermaster-General, with rank of brigadier-general, 
 and on February 23, 1882, was retired from active service. 
 
 Col. Eufus Jngalls, assistant quartermaster-general, had charge of
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 383 
 
 the general depot of the Quartermasters Department at New York City 
 to March 10, 1882, and on March 16, 1882, assumed the duties of Quar- 
 termaster-General of the Army, with rank of brigadier-general. 
 
 Col. a.B. liohibird, assistant quartermaster-general, was on duty in 
 this office, in charge of the linance, clotliing sui)i)ly, and inspection 
 branches, and of the examimition of olhcerH' accounts and returns to 
 Ai)ril 30, 18S2, and since that date in charge of the general tlepot of the 
 Quartermasters Depaitment at riiihulclj)hia, Pa. 
 
 Col. Charles H. Tonii>kins, assistant quarteiniaster-general, ciiief 
 quartermaster Military lJi\ isiou of the ^lissouri, and in charge of depot 
 at Chicago, III. 
 
 Col. James A. Ekiii, assistant quartermaster-general, in charge of the 
 general depot of the Quartermaster's Department at Jellersonville, 
 Ind., and disbursing officer of the Quartermaster's Dei)artmcnt at Louis- 
 ville, Ky., also in charge of the National Cemeteries in Kentucky and 
 Tennessee, and the investigation of claims presented under the act of 
 July 4, 18(U. 
 
 Col. Kufus Saxton, assistant quartermaster-general, chief quarter, 
 master oNIilitary Division of the Pacitlc, and Department of Califoriiia- 
 Prcsidio of San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Lieut. Col. J. D. Dingham, deputy quartermaster-general, chief quar- 
 termaster Dcpartmeiit of the Missouri, Fort Leavenworth, Kans. 
 
 Lieut. Col. A. J. I'eny, deputy quarteriuaster-general, chief quarter- 
 master jVIilitary Division of tlie Atlantic and Department of the East, 
 Governor's Island, New York Harbor, to May 1, 1882. From May 10, 
 1882, on duty in rhisofiicein charge of the finance, clothing snp])ly. and 
 insi>ection branches, and of the examination of ofiicers' accounts and re- 
 turns. 
 
 Lieut. Col. n. C. llodges, deputy quartcrmaster-generai, chief quar- 
 termaster Department of Arizona, Whijjple Barracks, Ari/., to ]\Iarch 
 29, 1882. From April 10, 1882, in charge of the general de])ot of the 
 Quartermaster's Department at New York City. 
 
 Lieut. Col. J. G. Chandler, deputy quartermaster-general, on dutj* in 
 this office in charge of the transi)ortation, regular sup[diee, and mis- 
 cellaneous claims branches. 
 
 Lieut. Col. "William JMyers, deputy quartermaster-general, chief qufu- 
 termaster Department of Dakota, Fort Snelling, ]\Iinn. 
 
 Lieut. Col. C. G. yawtelle, deputy quarteru)aster-general, chief quar- 
 termaster Department of the South, to April 20, 1882. From 3Iiiy 1, 
 1882, chief quartermaster ]\Iilitary Division of the Atlantic, and Depart- 
 ment of the East, Governors Island, New York Harbor. 
 
 Lieut. Col. J. J. Dana, dei)uty quarternuister-general, in charge of in- 
 vestigation of claims in Tennessee, at Nashville, Tenn,, to April 1, 18^s2. 
 From April 20, 18S2, chief (juartermaster Departnu'ut of the South, 
 Newport Barracks, Ky. 
 
 Lieut. Col. R. N. Batchelder, deputy quartermaster-general, in charge 
 of the general <leiiot of the Quartermaster's D«^j)artment at San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal., to April 1, 1882. From April 20, 1.S82, to May 31, 1882, on 
 duty in this office, and thenceforward in charge of the general depot of 
 the Quartermaster's Departnu'ut, and of the office of National Ceme- 
 tciries at \V;ishington, D. C. 
 
 i\I;ij. M. 1. Ludington, quartermaster, chief quartermasier Depart- 
 ment of the JMatte, OiiuUia, Nebr. 
 
 MaJ. J. j\l. Moore, quartermast<'r, on duty in this office, in charge of 
 barracks and quarters and claims branches to May 31, 1882, and from
 
 384 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Jane 1, 1882, in charge of barracks and quarters and miscellaneous 
 files and record branches. 
 
 Maj. B. C. Card, quartermaster, in charge of the general depot of the 
 Quartermasters I)e{>artraeiit, and of the office of National Cemeteries 
 at Washington, U. C, to May 31, 1882, and from that date in charge of 
 the claims brau(;h in this office. 
 
 Maj. C. A. Eeynolds, quartermaster, disbursing quartermaster at 
 Buffalo, N. Y., to February 2, 1882, and since on leave of absence and 
 awaiting orders. 
 
 Maj. G. B. Dandy, quartermaster, chief quartermaster Department 
 of the Columbia, Vancouver Barracks, Wasli., to May 1, 1882. From 
 May 25, 1882, in charge of the quartermaster's depot. Saint Louis, Mo. 
 
 Maj. George 11. Weeks, quartermaster, in charge of quartermaster's 
 depot. Fort Leavenworth, Kaus., to April 11, 1882. From INIay 5, 
 1882, in charge of the general depot of the Quartermaster's Depart- 
 ment at San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Mi\j. W. B. Hughes, quartermaster, chief quartermaster Department 
 of Texas, San Antonio, Tex., to May 11, 1882. From May 22, 1882, in 
 charge of transportation at the Philadelphia depot, Pa. 
 
 Maj. A. G. Robinson, quartermaster, disbursing quartermaster Dis- 
 trict of Montana, Helena, Mont. 
 
 Maj. E. D. Baker, quartermaster, in charge of quartermaster's depot 
 Saint Louis, Mo., to xlpril 15, 1882. From May 1, 1882, chief quarter- 
 master Dei)artment of the Columbia, Vancouver Barracks, Wash. 
 
 Maj. J. (t. C. Lee, quartermaster, chief (juartermaster District of 
 New Mexico, Santa Fe. N. Mex., to Decend>er 3, 1881. From Decem- 
 ber 23, 1881, to January 22, 1882, temporarily in charge of quartermas- 
 ter's depot at Saint Louis, Mo. From February 2 to April 20, 1882, dis- 
 bursing quartermaster at Buffalo, N. Y. From May 11, 1882, chief 
 quartermaster Department of Texas, San Antonio, Tex. 
 
 Maj. James Gilliss, quartermaster, quartermaster of the Aiiillery 
 School, and post quartermaster Fort Monroe, Va. 
 
 Maj. T. J. Eckerson, quartermaster, in charge of quartermaster's de- 
 pot at Boston, Mass. 
 
 Maj. A. J. McGonnigle, quartermaster, in charge of quartermaster's 
 depot, New Orleans, La., to Aj^ril 17, 1882. From ]\Iay 13, 1882, chief 
 quartermaster Department of Arizona, Whipple Barracks, Ariz. 
 
 Maj. E. B. Grimes, quartermaster, from April 10, 1882, in charge of 
 quartermaster's depot, Fort Leavenworth, Kans. 
 
 rNSPECTio:N' BI^A^'CH. 
 
 This branch of the office reports the stations and duties of officers of 
 the Quartermaster's Department, and those officers of the line and oth- 
 cers of other branches of the staff" on duty in the Quartermasters De- 
 partment as acting assistant quartermasters. 
 
 A complete list of all officers who have served in the Quartermaster's 
 Dei)artmeut during the year accompnuiesthe report herewith of Lieut. 
 Col. A. J. Perry, who is in charge of this branch. 
 
 There have been received during the year 146,795 general orders, 
 circulars, and other printed documents, and 109,407 Avere sent from this 
 office. 
 
 The sum of $9,639.39 has been expended during the year for subscrip- 
 tions to newspapers and periodicals for libraries at military posts. 
 
 CLOTHING, CAMP, AND GAKEISON EQUIPAGE. 
 
 The appropriation for supply of clothing, camp, and garrison equi- 
 page, to the Army for the liscal year was $1,100,000, and the deposits in
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. o8o 
 
 tlie Treasury to credit of the ai)proprJatioii tVom sales to officers and 
 for clothinfc overdrawn by enlisted men amounted to 899,108.28. 
 
 On30tli June, 1882, tliere remained in Treasury unexpended 813,331.59. 
 
 The appropriation ior the current fis<;al year is $1,400,000, all of 
 which will be consumed in payment of existing' contracts and those yet 
 to be made. It is estimated that the demands uj)on the dci)artment dur- 
 ing the year will exceed the amount available for the purchase and 
 manufacture of clothing, and camp and garrison equii)age. 
 
 Strict economy will be observed in its issuCf and all surplus su])plies 
 found at military posts will be ac(;umulatedat thedej)Ots of supj)ly,and it 
 is hoped thus to secure a sufficient working stock to fill all requisitions 
 promptly. 
 
 Three thousand five hundred butialo overcoats, 3,520 fur caps, 6,000 
 pairs of fur gauntlets, and 1,000 pairs of arctic overshoes, have been pur- 
 chased during the .vear for issue to troops at extreme northern ])OSts. 
 
 ^Measures have been taken to secure a model for barrack chairs with 
 a view to amending the specifications for chairs now manufactured and 
 issued to the Army. The object is. to secure a lighter chair and an 
 ijn})rovement in the design. 
 
 As a protection against mosquitoes, 2,000 head-nets were purchased 
 and sui»pli(;d to the enlisted men serving in the Department of Dakota. 
 
 The lierlin gloves issued to trooi)s are now purchased by rights and 
 lefts, and are issued in sets of three gloves, two rights and one left 
 hand, or by number of either kind, it being ascertained by experience 
 that in use the right hand glove is worn out when the left hand glove 
 remains good. 
 
 Information having reached this office that the white cork helmets 
 supi)lied to the troo])s oftered a conspicuous umrk to the enemy in 
 Indian warfare, measures have been taken to procure 1,000 helmets 
 covered witli unbleached brown linen, which will be supplied to the 
 troops next spring. 
 
 One thousand campaign or fatigue hats of a drab color, have been 
 l)urchased and will be supplied next spring to the troops serving in the 
 liot climate of Arizona, Is'ew Me'xico, and Texas, in place of the black 
 hats now worn. 
 
 The enlisted men of the Army objected to the dark blue overshirt, 
 adopted February 3, 1881, and the stock of those shirts on hand num- 
 bering 29,314 are being changed into blouses. Overshirts of a difierent 
 pattern, are now being manufactured and issued to the Army, which 
 meets with geiuual favor. 
 
 Specifications were adopted or amended during the year for cotton 
 stockings, card-holders for army bunks, metallic coat,* helmet, and cap 
 ornaments, overshirts, and helmets, and a new standard was adopted 
 for dark l)lue shirting flannel. 
 
 Under the act of March 3, 1881, the following-mentioned articles of 
 old i)attern clothing have been turned over to the National Home for 
 Disal)led Volunteers : 27 uniform hats ; 104 cami>aign hats; 1,470 forage 
 cai)s; 30,082 greatcoats; 2,008uniform jackets ; 1,182 sack coats, lined ; 
 1,252 sack coats, unlined; 1,244 blouses, lined; 1,744 blouses, unlined ; 
 35,648 trousers; 706 pairs boots; 3,565 pairs shoes; 22 pairs bullalo 
 overshoes ; 314 drawers ; 5,84() uniform coats. 
 
 Clothing and equipage to the value of 8l,l»95.18 have l>een furnished, 
 under instructions ot the Secretary of War, to Indian prisoners of nar. 
 
 During the year loans of camp and ganison jquipage, principally 
 tents i.nd llags.havebeenma(le,underautliority olactsof Congress, and 
 by order of the Secretary of War to various organizations. The expense 
 25 Ab
 
 386 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 to the (lepartmont on account of these loans for transportation, &c., has 
 boon $3,079.08, and on account of loss and damage to the articles loaned 
 $1,074.02; total, $4,75:3.10. 
 
 A large nuinbor of the liospital tents in store have been in constant 
 use since INIay last by various encampments under authority of acts of 
 Congress. The value of those tents is about $30,000, and the wear and 
 tear by sliipinont and reshipment and use is very great. 
 
 Three hundred and fifteen of these tents were issued to the sufferers 
 from the overflow of the ^lississippi Kiver. One hundred and sixteen 
 have been returned to the department, 56 of which are danmged and 
 wortliless. 
 
 To the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition clothing has been issued to the 
 value of $775.41. 
 
 The following is a statement of the account between the Quarter- 
 master's Department and the military prison at Fort Leavenworth, 
 Kansas : « 
 
 The balance due to the department from the military prison was as per 
 last report .f967 39 
 
 Deduct errors made in the statemeut of prices charged for articles fur- 
 nished to the prison in preceding fiscal year 79 78 
 
 Leaving the correct balance due to the Quartermaster's Department on 
 .June 30, 1881 887 61 
 
 There was issued to the prison by this department during the fiscal year 
 
 clothing and equipage to the value of. 16, 241 37 
 
 And quartermaster's stores to the value of. 1,932 12 
 
 Total $19,061 10 
 
 During the year there was returned to the Quarter master's Department 
 
 by the military prison clothing and equipage to the value of $3, 469 84 
 
 The value of labor performed for the department at the prison during the 
 fiscal year was 24, 3r)6 10 
 
 Total §32,825 94 
 
 The amount due to the military prison from the Quartermaster's De- 
 partment on 30th June, 1882, was $1^,704.84. 
 
 There were manufactured at the military prison for the Quartermas- 
 ter's Department during the fiscal year 33,113 pairs of boots, costing 
 $3.02i per pair; 18,996 pairs of shoes, costing $1,945 P^i" P^iii'; 2,236 
 barrack chairs, costing $1.29 each; and 3,000 corn brooms, costing 23| c. 
 each. 
 
 All the materials for the manufacture of articles for the Quartermas- 
 ter's Department have been purchased by the governor of the luilitary 
 prison, by contract, at a cost to the appropriation of the department of 
 $132,135.'54. 
 
 During the year complaints have reached this office of the quality of 
 the boots and shoes manufactured at the military prison. Upon inves- 
 tigation it is found that these complaints have reference more generally 
 to the style and adaptability of the boots and shoes for use of the Armj', 
 and changes in the patterns are now under consideration to secure a 
 good and comfortable marching shoe. 
 
 The reports received thus far of the merits of the sewed boots and 
 shoes of the pattern recommended by the Army Equipment Board of 
 1880, are not favorable to their adoption for general use in the Army. 
 
 liej)orts on improvement for heating tents by lueans of a stove and 
 converting one of the tent poles into a stove pipe, designed and patented 
 by Lieut. Charles M. Hobbs, Third Artillery, tested at two military 
 posts, have been received, but the apx^aratus appears to be too frail to 
 be of service in the field.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 387 
 
 At the request of tlie French minister a complete set of uniform 
 clothing of the United States Army has been furnished to Lieut. Col. 
 Favorot de Kerbreck, of the French army, for the Government of 
 France. 
 
 At tiie request of the Manjuis de Rochambeau, one of the guests of 
 the United States at the Yoiktown Centennial Celebration, a complete 
 set of national and regimental colors, guidons, and standards, have 
 been furnished to him 
 
 The Quartermaster's Department is under obligations to Lieut. Theo- 
 dore B. M. Mason, U. S. Xavy, for the presentation of certain articles 
 of Chilian infantry equipment, Avhich have been placed in the clothing 
 museum at the Phihwlelpliia depot, for preservation. 
 
 Orders have been given for the sale at public auction of all dress caps 
 and trimmings on hand, rendered obsolete by adoption of the new 
 helmets, and also of 50,000 rn1)l)er blankets and 30,000 rubber ponchos. 
 
 A large stock of rubber blaidiets and i^onchos still remain in store, 
 which will be reduced by sales from time to time as the interests of the 
 service require. 
 
 A quantity of canij) kettles and mess i^ans were sold to the State of 
 Pennsylvania at regulation prices, upon request of the governor of that 
 State." 
 
 For a more detailed report of the operations of this department, in 
 connection witli the supply of clothing aiul camj) and garrison equi- 
 page during the past fiscal year, 1 respectfully refer to the report here- 
 with of Lieut. Col. A. J. Perry, deputy quartermaster-general, U. S. A., 
 in charge of clothing supply branch of this office, and the tabulated 
 statements accompanying it. 
 
 EBGULAR AND MISCELLANEOUS SUPPLIES. 
 
 AXIMALS. 
 
 One thousand three hundred and sixty cavalry and artillery horses 
 were purchased during the year, costing $181,531.24; averaging $133.48 
 per head. Of these there were purchased in Department of the East, 
 7 ; Dei)artment of the South, IG ; Department of Dakota, 210 ; Depart- 
 ment of the Missouri, 351; Department of the Platte, 15G; Department 
 of Texas, 107; Dejiartment of California, 318; Department of the Co- 
 lumbia, 51); Xew York depot, 27; Saint Louis depot, 10, 
 
 There were ])urchased for the Army trains 041 mules and 49 draught 
 horses. The mules cost 888,940.08, an average per head of $138.76, and 
 the horses $9,5(»9.0(), an average of $195.29 per head. 
 
 There were sold during the year 1,913 horses and 884 mules. The 
 h(U"ses brought 888,1*74.05 and the mules $30,343.97 : total, $124,518.02. 
 This money is deiK)site(l in the Treasury to credit of miscellaneous re- 
 ceii)ts, except the small sum realized from sales of horses to olhcers. 
 
 The. following is a summary of the number of animals purchased, sold, 
 died, «S:e., during the year and the number on hand June 30, 1882: 
 
 
 .H- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 "3 
 
 •a 
 
 1) 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •w 
 
 • 
 p 
 
 
 3 
 
 IT. 
 
 a 
 
 .a 
 
 a, 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 '3 
 B 
 
 l-S 
 
 a 
 
 eg 
 
 
 —' 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 a 
 
 -o 
 
 t 
 
 
 a 
 
 .a 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 * 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 e 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 
 O 
 
 Ph 
 
 H 
 
 11.008 
 
 UQ 
 1,043 
 
 Q 
 
 ^ 
 
 H 
 
 O 
 
 Ilinsi-8 : 
 
 10,2.10 
 
 1,409 
 
 43 
 
 518 
 
 125 
 
 2, .'■.86 
 
 0.112 
 
 Mll'.CM 
 
 10, 5:t" 
 
 041 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 11, -J.) I 
 
 884 
 
 434 
 
 104 
 
 1.4.*2 
 
 0, son 
 
 Oxfii 
 
 
 
 

 
 388 J'APRRS ACCOMPANYING! THE 
 
 rVVA., I'OltAGK, AND sTUAW. 
 
 The issues of I'lu;! (liiriu;? tho year have been 110,.'j81 cords of wood 
 and ;i9,l»0ii tons of coa]. 
 
 The issues of i'ora<>e have l)ecn 585,578 bushels of corn, 835,513 
 bushels of oats, 123,085 bnsliels of barley, 90,584 bushels of bran, 
 52,81 1 tons of hay, 21 tons of fodder, and 2,934 tons of stravr. 
 
 My attention beins^ called to the provisions of bill 104, presented to 
 the Senate at its last session, in relation to supply of fuel to officers of 
 the Army, I addressed a letter on the subject to Uon. J. D. Cameron, 
 U. S. Senator, dated March 20, 1882, of which the following is a copy: 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit the following statement showing the hardship 
 growing out of the observance of the existing law concerning the HU])ply of fuel to 
 officers of the Army on duty with troops, and theefifect of Senate bill 104, should that 
 bill, with amendments as proposed, become a law, as a remedy for such injustice. 
 
 The purchase of fuel by officers of the Army falls unjustly upon those stationed in a 
 severe climate, where more than the regulation allowance is required by the officer's 
 family, since all over and above said allowance must be paid for at contract rat«s. 
 
 It is estimated that twenty-four twenty-fifths of the Array is stationed west of the 
 Mississippi River, and upon those troops of the north and northwest the burden of 
 extra fuel must IViU. 
 
 Where near a market the extra fuel required by officers would be i)urchase<i at 
 market rates. There are no markets in Dakota, Idaho, and AYashington Territories, 
 nor through the Kocky Mountains. 
 
 Fuel has b(;en an allowance to the Army since its first establishment, for the reason 
 that it is so difficult for officers on service at remote posts to supply themselves with 
 fuel duly prepared for individual and family use. If it be objected that the accidents 
 of service give this allowance to officers stationed in cities, who will not really draw 
 and use the fuel but will draw money in lieu thereof as an emolument, it is sug- 
 gests that a proviso be added to the bill, that where fuel is not drawn in kind by 
 officers on any duty separating them from troops the commutation price per standard 
 cord of oak wood shall not exceed three dollars. 
 
 With this proviso there will be no loss to the government, since the present rebate 
 on fuel amounts to that sum on the average. That is, officers are now permitted to 
 buy the regulation allowance of standard oak wood at three dollars per cord, and last 
 year the average cost to the government for hard wood was from five to six dollars 
 per cord. 
 
 In all contracts for fuel for troops the amount contracted for now, as the law stands, 
 mnst include the full allowance for .all officers serving with troops, whether they 
 really buy the regulation quantity or not. So that a change in the law will not 
 really alfect the first outlay of money in all cases under contracts for fuel; it will 
 only bo affected bv amoiiuts refunded. This sum in the year ending December 31, 
 1880, was $43,938.28. 
 
 Commutation for fuel at $3 per standard cord should be paid by the paymaster, as 
 in case of commutation of quarters. With the modification of the bill fixing the 
 price of commutation at .*!3 per standard cord, to prevent any tendency to abuse the 
 liberality of Congress, the law will be of signal benefit to the service. 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 EUFUS INGALLS, 
 Qiiartermastcr-Gcneral, Svt. Maj. Gen. U. S. A. 
 
 On January 31, 1882, this ofi&ce ptiblished by authority, of the Secre- 
 tary of War, a pamphlet containing a record of the experimental tests 
 of fuel made in this office during the years 1879, 1880, and 1881, a copy 
 of which accompanies this report. The result of these tests changed 
 the equivalents of several kinds of coal in use by the Army, and a new 
 scale of fuel equivalents was prepared and published in General Orders 
 No. 10, Adjutant-General's Office, January 28, 1882. 
 
 These experiments have continued during the year, and the results of 
 all fuel tested will be published as an addenda to the report of January 
 31, 1882. 
 
 CONTRACTS. 
 
 There were filed in this office during the year 936 contracts: 781 for 
 155,270 cords of wood; 129,209,011 pounds of coal; 81,559 bushels of 
 charcoal; 36,367,020 pounds of corn; 36,361,914 pounds of oats; 6,847,000
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 889 
 
 pounds of barley; 2,014,800 ])ouii(ls of Imin; 111,491,030 ]»oun(ls of 
 hay; and 12.040,400 i)oiuids of straw; for indetlnite quantities of fuel 
 and forage; 1 for work at national cemeteries; 20 for clotliinji, canipiind 
 garrison equipage; 1 for water-proof earbolized ]»aper; U for iiorses and 
 mnles; 3 for harness materials; 3 for harness; 38 for transportation; 
 4 for buildings; 2 for army wagons and ambulances; 4 for wagon ma- 
 terials; 1 for carts and lincli'i)ins; 2 lor bnilding materials; 2 for min- 
 eral-oil tanks; 4 for mineral oil; 5forlami»s; 4 lor services; 3 for horse- 
 shoeing materials, and 34 leases. 
 
 WAGONS AND UARNESS. 
 
 Purchases were made during the year of 40 spring: wagou*:^, 2 drays, 
 and 25 ambulance wagons ; 30 of the spring wagons manufactured at 
 Leavenworth, Kans., cost $104.50 eacli ; the 25 ambulance wagons were 
 manufactured at South Bend, !nd., costing .*^204.38 each. 
 
 The stock of army wagons on hand was sullicient to nu'ct all requisi- 
 tions during the year. 
 
 The six-mule army wagon ^vas adopted many years ago, and has 
 proved to be a valuable and reliable vehicle in the Avilderness, but as 
 the country has become settled, it is believed that a lighter wagon may, 
 with economy, be substituted for general use in the Army in lime of 
 peace for service at posts and mountainous regions. 
 
 As the stock of six-mule wagons becomes exhausted, it is suggested 
 that a lighter and less cumbersome vehicle for four mules bo adopted. 
 
 There were manufactured for the department at the military prison 
 20 sets of lead-harness, costing $15.50 per set ; 48 sets of wheel-harness, 
 costing $17.91 per set; 136 sets of six-mule army wagon harness, com- 
 plete, costing $83.75 pei- set; 127 sets of four-mule ambulance harness, 
 complete, costing $00.34 per set ; and 12 sets of six-mule army wagon 
 harness of extra large size, costing $121.14 per set. 
 
 STOVES. 
 
 Five hundred and twenty-one army cast-iron heating stoves were de- 
 livered to th^ department during the year by the Ordnance Depart- 
 ment, manufactured at the Eock island Arsenal, 111. Their total cost 
 was $7,117.15. 
 
 A new grate has been adopted for the army cast-iron coal heaters, 
 which can be more readily shaken and cleaned. 
 
 LIGHTS. 
 
 There have been supplied to the Army during the year 5,156 bracket 
 lamps, single burner, and 1,782 pendant lamps, double burner; 2,004 
 lanterns, with the requisite sui)ply of chimneys, wicks, «S:c., and 216,414^ 
 gallons of jnineral oil, the whole costing $73,450. 
 
 For the safe storage of the mineral oil at the posts and depots, metal- 
 lic tanks are proviihid, ami 300 tanks of 100 gallons and 50 of 50 gal- 
 lons capacity eacli, have been purchased at a cost of $5,347. 
 
 Tlie total exi)OTuliture during the year on ac(;ount of lights for the 
 Army has been $81,100. 
 
 EXPLORING EXPEDITIONS. 
 
 Supplies have been furnished by the Quartermaster's Deiiartment 
 during the year to the station at Lady Franklin Hay. 
 
 :\riSCELLANEOUS CLAIMS AND ACCOUNTS. 
 At tliP bejrinniii}; of tlu- fiscal year there were on lilo in this otlice l'J,7()7 
 
 nii8c<'llaiH'0u.s chiiinH, anio\intin{^ to >;(), 9ll,9r>9 39 
 
 :?G4 ncconnts, anionntiii); to (Vi, ;>(»! HO 
 
 1,242 claims and accounts were liled (lnrin<f the year, amounting to.. . :?;<ti, 2H9 10 
 
 Total, 14,313, amountinjj to 7,340,5^)0 29
 
 390 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Of tlicse, 30 claims wore passed for $({3,401.19, bein<,' a deduction in 
 amount, as i)resented, of $12,838.09; 19-1 claims, amounting to .S25,4o9.55, 
 were referred to other dei)artments to wliicli tliey pertained ; 1 81, amount- 
 ing to $24,818.82, were referred to the Treasury Department lor .action 
 of the accounting officers; 212, amounting to $04,707.71, were rejected. 
 
 Two hundred and liity accounts, amounting to $12,093.02, were aj)- 
 proved, being a reduction in amount as presented of $419.25; 220, 
 amounting to $00,799.02, were referred to other departments to wliich 
 they pertained, and 97, amountiug to $3,053.05, were rejected ; total 
 disposed of, 1,199 claims and accounts, amounting, as presented, to 
 $274,220.30; remaining on hand July 1, 1882, 12,702; miscellaneous 
 claims, amounting to $0,990,977.87 ; 220 accounts, amounting to $75,- 
 352.12 J total, 12,982, amounting to $7,072,329.99. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 There were transported during the year 67,203 persons, 13,185 beasts, 
 and 122,283 tons of material. 
 
 The total cost of this movement was $2,702,052.83, of which $584,459.42 
 has been paid for transportation of persons, $1,543,980.40 for freight, 
 &c., and accounts were outstanding at the close of the year amounting 
 to $033,012.95, a portion of which have since been paid. 
 
 The most considerable movements of troops have been : ' 
 
 First Cavalry. — Companies C, G, I, and M, between the Departments 
 of California, Arizona, and the Columbia. 
 
 Third Cavalry. — Headquarters and Companies A, C, D, E, F, G, H, 
 I, K, L, and M from Department of the Platte to Department of the 
 Missouri. 
 
 Seventh Cavalry. — Company M from Department of Texas to Depart- 
 ment of the Missouri. 
 
 Tenth Cavalry. — Companies D, E, F, and M from Department of the 
 Missouri to Dex)artment of Texas. 
 
 First Artillery. — Headquarters, and Companies A, B, C, D, F, H, 3v, 
 L, and M from Department of the East to Department of California, 
 and Companies E and I from Department of the East to Department of 
 the Columbia. 
 
 Second Artillery. — Company F from Dei^artment of Texas to Depart- 
 ment of the Missouri, and Company L from Department of the South to 
 Department of the East. 
 
 Ihird Artillery. — Headquarters, and Companies B, C, D, E, F, G, H, 
 I, K, L, and M from Department of the East to Department of the 
 South. 
 
 Fourth Artillery. — Headquarters, and Companies A, B, C, D, E, H, 
 and L from Department of California to Department of the East, and 
 F, G, K, and Mfrom Department of the Columbia to the Department of 
 the East. 
 
 Fifth Artillery.— -ReadqnsbTters and Companies A, B, D, E, F, G, H, 
 I, K. L, and M from Department of the South to Department of the 
 East. 
 
 First Infantry. — Headquarters and Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, G, 
 I, and K from Department of Texas to Department of Arizona, and 
 Company H from Department of Texas to Department of the ]\Iis- 
 souri. 
 
 Fourth Infantry. — Company A from Department of the Platte to De- 
 partment of the Missouri. 
 
 Sixth Infantry. — Headquarters and ten companies from Department 
 of the Missouri to Department of the Platte.
 
 KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 391 
 
 Eighth Infantry. — Companies B, C, D, F, and K^ from De])artment of 
 California to Department of Arizona and return, and Company 1 from 
 Department of Arizona to Department of California. 
 
 Eleventh Infantry. — Company G from Department of Dakota to De- 
 partment of the Missouri. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry. — Headquarters and ten companies from Depart- 
 ment of the Platte to the Dei)artment of the Missouri. 
 
 Nineteenth Infantry. — FFeadquarters and ten companies from Depart- 
 ment of the Missouri to Dejtartinent of Texas. 
 
 Ticentieth Infantry. — Headquarters and ten companies from Depart- 
 ment of Texas to Department of the Missouri. 
 
 EAILROAD TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 There were transported by rail 54,583 persons, lL',oG3 beasts, and 
 77,275 tons of material. 
 
 The i-eported cost for this service is $1,187,4:01.70. 
 
 In addition to this sum it is estimated that there vill be expended 
 $125,000 in payment of 50 per centum of the earnings ot land grant 
 railroads, and the accounts now on file in this ollice indicate that the 
 earnings of the bonded Pacific railroads, for military transportation, 
 which are withheld by the Secretary of tlie Treasury, and applied to 
 liquidation of their indebtedness to the United States, will amount to 
 $1,100,040.22, making the aggregate cost for railroad traus^jortation 
 during- the year $2,482,341.92. 
 
 BONDED PACIFIC RAILROADS. 
 
 The following tables show the military transportation over the several 
 Pacific railroads named : 
 
 
 a 
 
 S 
 
 -.d 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 a . 
 
 tt 
 
 
 j"^ 
 
 •5'* 
 
 fc-s 
 
 
 ta 
 
 92 
 
 •t i 
 
 
 
 
 
 Names of rorapnnles. 
 
 c5 
 
 
 •sa 
 
 
 .-S 
 
 
 r. a 
 
 
 aS 
 
 S5 
 
 sB 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 >5 
 
 k5 
 
 Ph 
 
 
 11, G91 
 
 a, 787 
 
 4,059 
 
 1, 654 
 
 03 
 
 57. 135, 114 
 -T, 197, 598 
 
 ("•'iitval l'iicili<; (l>'!'i"'lifi.s auil leased liues) 
 
 
 441 
 
 1,0»7,6»3 
 
 
 Total 
 
 10, 919 
 
 5,770 
 
 85, 430. 395 
 
 
 The cost of this service is stated as follows : 
 
 Nuincs III' c'iiiii|i:inies. 
 
 TJiiioii I'ncillc (ll|-,^llollCH and Ii-a.-cd linoH).. 
 Central Paciflo (brniicliefl and leaHi-d lluea) 
 Sioux City aud I'acitiu 
 
 ° 5 
 
 C CQ . 
 
 t.' - a 
 
 IN 
 
 Bta 
 
 -"pa 
 
 V us-" 
 
 E? 
 
 $7, 841 C8 ?i523, 236 70 
 
 810, H03 ."■•« I 83, 822 22 
 
 9L'3 80 I 1, 143 31 
 
 325, 029 13 008, 202 23 
 
 
 II » 
 
 fc =i t. 
 
 $94, 670 44 
 
 139. 874 08 
 
 1, 503 74 
 
 230, 108 SO 
 
 $005, 748 82 
 
 MO. 560 40 
 
 :t. 630 94 
 
 1, 100,940 22
 
 392 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The followiiiji^ is a stalenifiit. of unsettled aceomits witli these rail- 
 roads on ,'U)tli June, '1881', in this olhce or iu tlie Treasury Department, 
 awaitinjj examination and adjustment: 
 
 Names ol' cotniiauioB. 
 
 In Qnartpr- 
 In Treasury. master-Gen- 
 eral's office. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Union Pacific 
 
 Central Pacific 
 
 Kanaas Pacific 
 
 Sioux City and Pacific, 
 
 $244, 263 34 i$l, 302, 392 35 I $1, 546, 655 69 
 
 589,298 00 I 84,818 70 ] 674,110 70 
 
 11, 651 97 64, 071 70 \ 75, 723 67 
 
 4, 491 60 i 1, 143 31 r., 034 91 
 
 849, 704 91 i 1, 452, 420 00 2, 302, 130 97 
 
 The total earnings of the Pacific railroads on account of military 
 transportation, from their first opening to June 30, 1882, is stated as 
 follows : 
 
 Names of companies. 
 
 Amount paid Amoiintcred-!-^,™??°*3'3' Amount with 
 " " " ■ ■ "^' under , j^^j^^ under 
 
 lactof July 2,' unrt.Tactof ^'''i^a-.f ^/■K''''-|? i act of May 7, 
 I ■>««. .T„W. ,Rfi4 3,^13,3. ^.Rev.^ J878. 
 
 1864. 
 
 July 2, 1864. 
 
 Union Pacific !$1, 693, 360 69 '$1, 693, 360 87 
 
 Central Pacific. 
 
 Kansas Pacific 
 
 Sioux City and Pacific . 
 
 Total. 
 
 261, 106 21 
 881, 184 17 
 3, 594 28 
 
 261, 106 29 
 881, 184 23 
 3, 594 29 
 
 2. 839, 245 35 
 
 2, 839, 245 68 
 
 $3, 199, 232 54 
 
 682, 274 07 
 623, 854 21 
 40,718 20 
 
 $771, 448 30 
 540, 690 23 
 
 4, 546, 079 02 1 1, 312, 188 53 
 
 Total. 
 
 $7, 357, 402 40 
 
 1, 745, 17C 80 
 
 2, 386, 222 61 
 
 47, 906 77 
 
 11, 536, 708 58 
 
 LAND-GEANT RAILROADS. 
 
 The $300,000 appropriated by the act of Congress approved March 
 3, 1879, under which law iiayments to certain land-grant railroads of 
 50 per centum of the amount found due them for military transporta- 
 tion was authorized, has all been expended for the purpose indicated. 
 
 Of the sum appropriated by the act of March 3, 1881, for payment of 
 50 per centum of the amount found due these roads for transportation 
 during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1880, and prior years, $275,000, 
 there remained unexpended on June 30, 1882, 813,590.94, which amount 
 will be required to settle outstanding accounts. 
 
 The act of February 24, 1881, making approi)riations for support of 
 the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, appropriates $125,000 
 for payment of 50 per centum for service rendered by these roads. Of 
 this amount $106,651.54 remained in the Treasury on 30th of June, 
 1882, but will be exhamsted in payment of outstanding accounts. 
 
 In the last annual report of the Quartermaster-General attention was 
 called to the failure of Congress to provide funds for payment for serv- 
 ices of land-giant railroads during the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 1881, an estimate for which had been submitted to Congress. 
 
 In the act making appropriations to supply deficiencies, &c., ap- 
 proved August 5, 1882, the sum of 125,000 is appropriated for payment 
 of 50 per centum of the amount found due for service of certain land- 
 grant railroads, but the law omits to designate the year for which this 
 money is available, and section G of the same law provides that in 
 
 all cases [in this act] where no year is indicated it is understood that the appropria- 
 tion is for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-two, for 
 which deficiencies this act is principally intended.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 393 
 
 Furtlier action of (.'oug^ress is required to make the money available 
 for tbe ])ayment of uecouuts for services rendered by land-grant rail- 
 roads during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1881. 
 
 WAGON AND STAGE TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 There have been moved by the department, by wagon, by contract or 
 hire, and by armv trains, 20,4l'5 tons of militarv stores at a cost, as re- 
 ])orte<l, of $975,;32C..S0. 
 
 Tliirty-two contracts were made and received at this office for wagon 
 f I'ansportation during the year. 
 
 There were transported by stage 4,.'34G passengers and 11,313 pounds 
 of stores and baggage, costing $t9,437.4G. 
 
 WATER TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 The movement by water has been 8,33") ])ersons, 882 beasts, and 
 15,577 tons of material, at a cost of •S.">19,886.87. The work was done 
 by vessels of established commercial lines, by contract, and by vessels 
 owned and chartered by the United States. 
 
 The following-named vessels are in service of the dei)artment: 
 Steanjcr Chester A. Arthur, formerly the Henry Smith, in Xew York 
 Harbor; steamer Ordnance, employed by Ordnance Department, in 
 New York Harbor; steam- tug Atlantic, at Governor's Island, iSew 
 Y'^ork Harbor; steam-tug l{»'solute, in Boston li.irbor; inopelkh- Gen- 
 eral I^fcPherson, in San Francisco Harix)r; steam-launch Thayer, at 
 Foit Adams, K. I.; steam-launch Monroe, at Fort Monroe, Va.; steam- 
 launch General Greene, at Fort JMclIenry, Md. ; steam-launch Hamil- 
 ton, at David's Island, Xew Y^ork Harbor; steam-launch General Jesuj), 
 at Governor's and David's islands, Xew York IJarbor; steam launch 
 Barrancas, at Fort Barrancas, Fla. ; steaii#launeh Dispatch, formerly 
 the Chelan, at Vancouver depot, Wash.; stt-ain -launch Amelia Wlieaton, 
 at Fort Co'ur d'Alene, J. T.; steam-launch Lillie Lee, at Fort Totten, 
 Dak.; stfamboat (ieht ral Sherman, on the T"^i)i>i'r Missouri and Yellow- 
 stone riveis; schoontT Matchless, at Key West and Fort Brooke, Fla. 
 
 Nineteen vessels of ditlerent classes have been employed during the 
 year by charter- at a cost of 850,127.04. 
 
 The total txpcnditnre for water transportation during the year is re- 
 port id at $200,348.40. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION ACCOUNTS AND CLATMS. 
 
 At the begijnting of the liseal year there were suspended and await- 
 ing action in this otlice 537 accounts and claims for transjjortation, 
 :iiiionnting to 81,333,087. There were receivinl during the year 1,933 
 claims, amounting to 82,417,813.57. One thousaml six hundred and 
 eighty-seven, amounting to 82,053,802.10, were favorably reported for 
 st'ttlriiicnt; 130, amounting to 8140,815,23, were r«'i)orte(i for rejection^ 
 ;ind 04, amounting to 830,1 0.'». 78, were susjteifiled in tliis office for addi- 
 li(»mil evidence; 581>, amounting to 81,511,020.40, were iu the office 
 awaiting action at the close of the year. 
 
 INDEBTED RAILROADS. 
 
 The amount due from railroad comi>anies lor material purchasetl by 
 them from the United States at the close of the war, not comppomised
 
 394 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 or setthnl iindorsjieciiil laws of Congress, and excludinpf sums due from 
 two railroiulH doclsired insolvent, was, on July 1, LS-SJ, -S 1 , 10(»,434,55. 
 During tlie year interest and charges liave accrued anioujiting to 
 $•42,401.90. Payment by military transportation during the year 
 amounted to $1.46. The debts on June 30, 1882, amounted to $.1,148- 
 895.05. 
 
 No credits were gi^'en to tlieso railroads on account of postal earn- 
 ings during the year. 
 
 No action ajypears to have been taken* by the executive or legislature 
 of the State of Tennessee in relation to the indebtedness of that State 
 for property pun;hased for the Edgefield and K«;ntucky sind the Mem- 
 phis, Clarksville and Louisville railroads, for which the United States 
 holds the bonds of the State in double the value of the property pur- 
 chased. 
 
 A communicatiou was addressed by this office January 27, 1881, to the 
 governor of Tennessee on the subject to which no reply has been re- 
 ceived. 
 
 NATIONAL MILITARY CEMETERIES. 
 
 During the year the post cemetery at Saint Augustine, Fla., has been 
 added to the number of National Military Cemeteries, making the num- 
 ber eighty- one, now under the care and control of the Quartermaster's 
 Department. 
 
 Five su])erintendeuts were appointed ; two died, two resigned, and 
 four were discharged or dismissed during the year. Sixty-seven were 
 in service at the close of the year. 
 
 There were 405 interments during the year, and the number of re- 
 mains in the National Cemeteries at the close of the year was 320,763. 
 
 The delivery of head-stones for soldiers' graves in private, village, 
 and city cemeteries under die existing contracts is nearly completed. 
 
 Applications for head-sto*es continue to be received at this office, and 
 to supply them new contracts will have to be made. 
 
 There are many graves in the National Cemeteries in which are in- 
 terred prisoners of war, employes, freedmen, women, and children, 
 which are marked by wooden stakes and head-boards, which are fast 
 disappearing by decay. It is very desirable to preserve the identity of 
 these graves by ijermanently marking them with a durable head-stone, 
 "Which can be done at a moderate cost and without special appropriation. 
 
 I will call the attention of the Secretary of War to this subject spe- 
 cially at an early day, and submit a project for permanently marking 
 these graves. ^^ 
 
 A granite archway is in course of erection at the entrance to the 
 Marietta National Cemetery. The improvement of the road leading to 
 this cemetery is desirable. 
 
 Brick out-buildings have been built at Fredericksburg, Lebanon, 
 and Corinth cemeteries during the year, and an abundant supply of 
 water has been brought into the Vicksburg Cemetery. 
 
 A number of cast-iron tablets have been prepared at the Eock Island 
 Arsenal, Illinois, to be placed in national cemeteries in lieu of the 
 painted wooden ones, which required frequent renewal. 
 
 The roadways to the Vicksburg and Fort Scott National Cemeteries 
 have been completed, and that to the Chattanooga Cemetery will be 
 finished at an early date. 
 
 Contracts have been let for building the roads leailing to the Mound 
 City and New Albany National Cemeteries authorized byCongress, but
 
 REPORT OF THE 8ECRET4.RY OF WAR. 395 
 
 the work has not yet V)ccu bojiuii. The right of way to tlie Mound 
 City Cemetery is first to be secured, which the hiw provides shall be 
 conveyed without ex])ense to the United States. It is understood that 
 the roadway to the Is'ew Albany Cemetery has been graded by the city 
 authorities of New Albany, and that the road is prepared for macad- 
 amizing l)y the government as provided by law. 
 
 Attention has heretofore been called to the condition of the road l)e- 
 tweeu the A(pieduct Bridge and the Arlington National Cemetery. 
 This cemetery, tlie most beautiful and historic of its kind, is visited by 
 thousands of jieople yearly, and it seems proper that this public high- 
 way should be made and kept passable at all seasons of the year at the 
 expense of the government. 
 
 A bill was introduced in the House of Representatives, at its last 
 vsession, appropriating $35,000 for enlarging the Cypress Ilill National 
 Cemetery, which was favorably reported by the Military Committee but 
 failed to become a law. Burial space in this cemetery is very limited, 
 and it is important that early action be taken to secure additional 
 ground. 1 have, therefore, submitted an estimate for an appropriation 
 for this puri)ose. 
 
 The question of title to additional land for the Loudon Park Ceme- 
 tery, at Baltimore, is nowlu'fore the district attorney, an agreement for 
 purchase having been entered into. 
 
 BARRACKS AND QUARTERS. 
 
 The construction of 119 new buildings, comprising barracks, ofticers 
 quarters, stables, store-houses, guard-houses, &c., has been authorized 
 during the year, at an estimated cost of $175,950. They are at military 
 Ijosts in twenty diflerent States and Territories. 
 
 Subject to allotments proving sufficient, repairs have been author- 
 ized to existing buildings, for construction ifnd repair of cisterns, and 
 for purchase of tools, at an estimated cost of $428,508. 
 
 The cost of new buildings and repairs is stated as follows ; 
 
 Department of tlio East : 
 
 New buildin;rs ?'3C,37l 00 
 
 For repairs, «fec !tl,'27'J 00 
 
 Departmeut of the South : 
 
 New buildin sjs 17r> 00 
 
 For repairs, «S:c 2'), 013 00 
 
 Total Division of tbe Atlantic 14-2, 833 00 
 
 Department of tbe Missouri : 
 
 New biiiUlinsH 33, 20r. 00 
 
 For repairs, &c 100,529 00 
 
 Dei)artiufnt of the. I'latte : 
 
 New bnihlinjis 34,9(j'2 00 
 
 For repairs, »fcc 41, 522 00 
 
 Departmeut of Dakota : 
 
 New buildiuss 20,G10 00 
 
 For repairs, itc „ 42,140 CO 
 
 Department of Texas: 
 
 New bnildiuKS 10, 981 00 
 
 For repairs, «fcc 40, 008 00 
 
 Total Division of tho Missouri 342, H*j:{ 00 
 
 Department of California : 
 
 N e w V> 11 i h 1 i I ) ",'3 3 , 3r.7 00 
 
 For repairs, &.c 3e!,2y7 00
 
 396 papp:ks accomi^anyiag the 
 
 DepnrtiiKMit of flic ColumlMii: 
 
 New ljiiil(liu;iH S:i,l)78 0;1 
 
 For repaiiH, &c, 19,090 (!0 
 
 Dt'liaitiiK^iit of Arizona : 
 
 Now biiildiiijTH :{0,305 00 
 
 For repairs, «Sr.c 23,124 00 
 
 Total DiviKion of the Pacific 118,757 00 
 
 WluirveH have been repaired at Fort Monroe, Va., at a cost of T), 200 00 
 
 West Point, N. Y., at a cost of 025 00 
 
 Total cost 5,625 00 
 
 HOSPITALS. 
 
 The expenditure of $74,940 lias been anthoiized during tbe year for 
 construction, repairs, and alterations to hospitals, as follows : 
 
 In the Department of the East, twenty hospitals !$12,845 00 
 
 In the Departmeut of the South, six hospitals 5,170 00 
 
 Total Division of the Atlantic 18,015 00 
 
 In the Department of California, eight hospitals 11,085 00 
 
 In the Department of Arizona, four hospitals 2, 979 00 
 
 In the Department of the Columbia, seven hospitals 1, 890 00 
 
 Total Division of the Pacific 15,954 00 
 
 In the Department of the Missouri, nineteen hospitals 21,763 00 
 
 In the Department of Texas, live hospitals 1, 702 00 
 
 In the Department of the Platte, twelve hospitals 4, 073 00 
 
 In the DeiKirtraent of Dakota, sixteen hospitals !•>, 433 00 
 
 Total Division of the Missouri ^ 40,971 00 
 
 SCHOOL HOUSES. 
 
 Authority has been given during the year for an expenditure of 
 $4,899 for the erection or fitting up of buildings for school or religious 
 IJurposes at the following military posts ; 
 
 Fort Biclwell, Cal., costing _ §590 00 
 
 Fort Hall, Idaho, costing 881 00 
 
 Fort Robinson, Nebr., costing , 403 00 
 
 Fort Yates, Dak., costing 525 00 
 
 Fort Mcintosh, Tex., costing „ 1,500 00 
 
 Fort Reno, Ind. T., costing 1,000 00 
 
 4,899 00 
 SALES OF BUILDINGS. 
 
 Certain old buildings and huts at McPherson Barracks, Ga.. Fort 
 Hamilton, New York Harbor, Old Fort McKinney and Cami) Poplar 
 Eiver, Montana, have been sold during the year, the proceeds of which 
 are deposited in the Treasury to credit of miscellaneous receipts. 
 
 The act approved Apiil 7, 1882, authorizes the Secretary of AVar to 
 sell the military barracks located in the city of Savannah, Ga., and 
 make deed conveying the same, with the lauds ujion which the bar- 
 racks are located, to the purchaser or purchasers. 
 
 This office has no record of the action taken under tlie law referred to.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 397 
 
 MILITARY SITES IN TEXAS. 
 
 The purcbase of sites of Forts Brown and D'nncan, for which money 
 was speciallj' appropriated by Congress in the sundry civil act of March 
 3, 1875, has not yet been consummated. No acceptance of the tender 
 of the sums appropriated for the ])urchase has been received. 
 
 The act approved April 10, IbSO, appropriating .^200,000 for the pur- 
 chase of sites and erection tliereoii of such military posts on or near the 
 Rio Grande frontier as might be deemed necessary by the Secretary of 
 AVar for the adequate i)rotectiou thereof, has been amended in the act 
 making appropriations for the support of the Army, approved June 30, 
 1882, as follows : 
 
 And tlio act eutitled "An act making appropriations for acqniring sites and the 
 erection of tniitable posts for tin- yrotediou of tlio Kio Grande fi-outier," approved 
 April sixteenth, eighteen hundre<l and eighty, be amended by striking out the words 
 "on or near the Rio Grande frontier, as may be deemed necessary by the Secretary of 
 War for the aflequato protection thereof : Provided, That none of said Jippropriation 
 shall be used fur the purposes albresaid until a valid title to said sites be vested in 
 the Unitetl States," and inserting in lieu thereof the words "in the State of Texas 
 as may be deemed necessary by the Secretary of War for the adequate ]trotection of 
 the Rio Grande frontier ; " but no part of this appropriation shall be expended until 
 the provisions of section three hundred and lifty-five of tho Revised Statutes havo 
 been fully complied with. 
 
 Since the passage of the act of A])ril 16, 1880, the construction of 
 commercial Hues through the State of Texas lias materially changed the 
 lines of military operations in that State. The law, as amended, i)er- 
 mits the location of military posts at such iwiuts as are now required 
 for the prot(}ction of the frontier. 
 
 POST CEMETERIES. 
 
 During the year orders have been given for the removal of remains 
 buried at Fort Porter, N. Y., to Forest Lawn Cemetery, near Butfalo, 
 jST. Y., and from Fort Hartsutif, Nebr., to the nearest National Cemetery. 
 
 A wooden fence was authorized to be erected around the cemetery at 
 Saint Augustine, Fla., but since the date of the authorization that cem- 
 etery has been declared a national one. 
 
 A monument has been ordered to be erected at Fort Keogh, Mont., 
 to the mcmor}' of olUcers and soldiers killed in the Indian war on the 
 Yellowstone. 
 
 FIRES. 
 
 Fires have o(;currfd at seven military posts during the year, in which 
 the department has suffered loss, as follows: At Little Kock Barracks, 
 Ark., a hospital building: at FortMeade, I)ak.,FortFetterman, Wyo. T., 
 and Fort Leavenworth, Kans., a barrack building at each ; at Fort Apa- 
 che, Ariz., a set of otticers' quarters; at Fort^'allcouver, AVash., a bake- 
 house, and at Fort C(eur d'Aleue, Ind. T., a shop building. 
 
 MILITARY RESERVATIONS DECLARED. 
 
 The following military reservations have been declared bv the Presi- 
 dent: 
 
 Fort Totten, Dak., boundaries extended August 20, 1881. 
 
 Fort Ilalleek, Nev., Oetobrr 11. ISSl. 
 
 I'ort IjCwis, Colo., Jannar; 27, 1S82. 
 
 Fort Magiunis, .Mont., amended res<'rve, Ai)ril 14. 1882, 
 ' Fort Supply, Ind. T., April 18, 1882.
 
 398 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 CLAIMS FOR quartermaster's STORES, PRESENTED UNDER ACT OF 
 
 JULY 4, 1864. 
 
 At the bo^ifinniuff of the fiscal j^ear there remained on hand in this 
 cilice, awaiting- action, 11>,791 claims, presented nnder the act of July 
 4, 18()4, amounting in the aggregate to $0,576,997.15; and 124 claims, 
 amounting to $142,916.05, which had been presented to military boards 
 and connuis.s'ions prior to Jaruiary 1, 1880, the date upon Avhicli the pre- 
 sentation of such claims was barred by statute, were called up during 
 the yenr. 
 
 Of these, 1,389 claims, amounting to $646,037.80, were transmitted to 
 the Treasury for an allowance of $296,346.39, and 1,630 claims, amount- 
 ing to $1,302,700.82, were rejected. 
 
 At the end of the fiscal year there remained on hand, awaiting action, 
 16,896 claims, amounting in the aggregate to $7,771,174.58. 
 
 One hundred and eighty-four claims of a miscellaneous character, 
 based on certified vouchers, amounting to $24,848.82, were acted upon 
 and reported to the Treasury, for action of the accounting officers. 
 
 The act of June 30, 1882, making appropriations for the support of 
 the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1SS3, provides that no 
 part of the sum therein appropriated shall be used or expended in the 
 investigation of claims presented under act of July 4, 1864. 
 
 The investigation of these claims had heretofore been made by agents 
 of the Quartermaster's Department, under the direction of officers of the 
 Dei)artment, located in the districts where the claims originated, and 
 the expense of their employment, transijortation, &c., has been borne 
 from the appropriations of the Army. 
 
 The act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and 
 judicial expenses, approved August 5, 1882, j^rovides for the employment 
 by the Quartermaster-General of certain clerks, agents, and others in 
 the investigation of these claims. 
 
 In accordance with the provision referred to twenty-five agents have 
 been appointed by the Secretary of War, and ha-ve been sent out by 
 this office to investigate the claims, and a corps of clerks are employed 
 in this office in preparing the claims for final action by the Quarter- 
 master-General. 
 
 It is believed, with the present force of agents, that the work of in- 
 vestigation of all the claims arising under the act of July 4, 1864, for 
 quartermaster's stores can be closed during the tw^o years succeeding 
 the current fiscal year. 
 
 I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 EUFUS IXGALLS, 
 Quarfcnnastcr- General, Brevet Majoi- General U. iS.Anny. 
 
 The Hon. Secretary of AVar.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 399 
 
 liKPORT OF THE COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF SUBSISTENCE. 
 
 War Department, 
 Office Commissary-General of Subsistence, 
 
 Waahinyton, D. C, October 7, 188:.'. 
 
 Sir: In compliance with your directions of tilth ultimo, I Inive the 
 honor to submit the following reportof the operations of the Subsistence 
 Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882 : 
 
 RESOURCES AND EXPENDITURES. 
 
 The following statement exhibits the aggregate fiscal resources and 
 exi^enditures of the department for the year mentioned, and the bal- 
 ances remaining unexx)euded at the close of the fiscal year : 
 
 RESOURCES. 
 
 Amount in the Treasury to the credit of appropriations of the Snhsist- 
 ouce Department on June 30, 1881, as follows : 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1880 ^22, 575 45 
 
 Suhsistence of the Army, 1881 2 U:i 
 
 Claims for quartermaster's stores and commissary sup- 
 plies, act July 4, 18t)4, ])er act March 1, 1881, being 
 
 poi'tiou for connuissary supplies 75 (iO 
 
 $:i2,65:5 07 
 
 Amounts to tlie credit of oftieers of the Subsistence Department, and 
 oflicersdoin<;duty in tlieSiil>sistence Department, witii the Trt-asiircr, 
 assistant treasurers, and designated de])ositaries, and in their per- 
 sonal possession on Juue 30, 1881, as follows : 
 
 Suhsistence of the Army', 1880 glfiO 38 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1881 412,327 70 
 
 Amounts refunded to the Treasury near chise of fiscal year 18^1, but 
 not carried to the credit of the apjiropriations by June 30, lac^l, since 
 covered in as follows : 
 
 Subsistence of t ho Army, 1879 and prior years * .*2 25 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1880 (10 00 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1881 37 50 
 
 412,497 08 
 
 91) 
 
 Amounts appropriated for the Subsistence Etepartmeiit for the fiscal 
 year ending June 30, 1882, a»f(dlows: 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1882, act February 24, 
 
 1881 ! $2,250, (loo 00 
 
 Claims for quartermaster's stores and c(»miiiissary 
 sujiplitvs, act July 4, 18()4, per act May 1, 1882, 
 
 being portion Ini coiumiss.iry sui>plies '. . 5,(»7ti53 
 
 Relief ot ju'rsons reudcred destitute by overllow of 
 Mis8i8si]»pi. River '. ;!5(), 000 00 
 
 Amounts collected from various sources and refunded to tin- a]ipro]iri- 
 ations of the Sub.sistcnce I)tq)artmeut, on the liooks oftlie Treasury, 
 during the li.scal year 1882, as follows: 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1870 und juior ye.irs ^,:vj l:? 
 
 Subsistence oftlie Army, 1^80 1,285 42 
 
 Subsisti'uce of th(! Ariiiy, J-^Sl 44,M<>4 :!;{ 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1m2 7^i,:'.31 \'A 
 
 2, 605, 076 53 
 
 125,0.50 01
 
 400 TAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Amount rcfiiiKlcd im tlio books of II11' 'rirjiHiny nndor iui\ of March 'A, 
 1875, (18 Stat. Lnv^i), 418), m follows: 
 Snbistciico of tlie Army, 187y, and prior ycarH, trausfcr account.. §2,527 74 
 
 Amouut roceivcd. by oHicors of flio SubKistcnco Department, and by 
 oiiicors doing duty in tho SiibsiKli-nco Department, from sales of snb- 
 Bistence stores to ilio following piinrbasors during the liscal year 1882, 
 and taken up for immediate disbursemtnt under tlui appro})riation, 
 Subsistenoe of th(i Army, 1882: 
 
 Sales to ollicers of the Army, $484,523.91 ; to enlisted men, S255,- 
 449,97; to com])anies, detachments, and hospitals, .•? 179, 7:^9.80; 
 to civil employes, f21,582.27 ; to Fort Leavenworth military 
 prison, $17,278.(30; to surveyors, $5,791.84; to railroad engineers, 
 1$1, 115.84; tociviloniployesof Agricultural Dejtartnieut, $^6.5.54; 
 to Mullan road employ6s, $54G.(i5 ; to steamers, !i!i90.78 ; to Indians, 
 $80.40; Indian commissioners, $69.75; to Quartermaster's Depart- 
 ment. $171.72; to assistant geologist, $:}3.81 ; of eondenined stores 
 at auction, $3,415.24; of boxes, barrels, &.e., $731.79; of gardeu 
 seeds and agricultural implements, .|l, 051.7(5; total 972,022 07 
 
 Amonuts taken up by officers doing du^y iu the Subsistence Depart- 
 ment, ou account of reclamations for stores lost, damaged. Sec, and 
 ill correction of errors iu their accounts, &,c., during the tiscal vear 
 1882 i 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1882 2,958 71 
 
 Amount in hands of representatives of deceased officer to be collected: 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1878 109 84 
 
 Amounts charged against ofiScers (deceased and resigned) on account of 
 funds alleged to have been lost by theft, &c., as follows: 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1879 and prior years 3, 000 89 
 
 Amounts charged against officers, still in service, on account of funds al- 
 leged to have been lost by theft, &c., and for which relief can only be 
 obtained iu the Court of Claims, iTuder sections 1059 and 1082, Revised 
 Stattites (including all sums of this character heretofore entered in 
 this statement), as follows : 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1879 and jmor years |2, 772 86 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1880 393 96 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1881 265 47 
 
 3, 432 29 
 
 Total resources 4, 150, 028 58 
 
 EXPENDITURES. 
 
 Amounts expended on the books of the Treasury from the appropriations of the Sub- 
 sistence Department during the fiscs*! year 1882, as follows : 
 
 Claims for quartermaster's stores and commissary sup- 
 plies, act July 4, 1864, per act of May 2, 1882, being 
 
 portion for commissary supplies $5, 678 53 
 
 Claims for quartermaster's stores and commir ■ s i > 
 plies, act July 4, 1864, per act March 1, 1&81, being 
 
 portion for conunissary supijlies 75 60 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, l88t» 61 '>5 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1881 . 36, 085. 75 
 
 Subsistence of the Arm v, 1882 25 53 
 
 $41,924 4(1 
 
 Amounts disbursed by officers of the Subsistenoe Department, and offi- 
 cers doing duty in the Subsistence Department, during the 6seal year 
 1882, as follows : 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1880 $169 38 
 
 Sul.sisteuce of the Army, 18-1 411, ^^'J 12 
 
 Subsistence of the Array, 1 882 2, 899, 805 31 
 
 Relief of persons rmidered destitute bv overflow of 
 
 the Jtississippi Ri ver '. 349. 9.".8 88 
 
 3.G6L:v:'i 69
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 401 
 
 Amounts dropped by officors doing duty in the Subsistence Depart- 
 meut in corn^ction of errors iu their accounts during the tiscal year 
 1882: 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1882 $131 10 
 
 Amounts carried to the surplus fuud on Juno 30, 1882: 
 
 Subsistence of the Ariuy, 187i) and prior years, transfer 
 
 account, act March 3, IS75 {IH Stat. Large, 418) $2,527 74 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1879 and prior years 541 38 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1680 23,b50 34 
 
 20,919 4() 
 
 Total expenditures 3, 730, 290 7 1 
 
 BALANCES UNEXPENDED. 
 
 Amounts in the Treasury to the credit of appropriations of the Subsistence Depart- 
 ment on June 30, 1882, as follows : 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1881 .«i9, 3G4 16 
 
 Subsistt-iice of the Army, 1882 1, 428 02 
 
 Relief of persons rendered destitute by overliow of Mis- 
 sissippi River 41 12 
 
 SIO, 833 90 
 
 Amounts to the cre<lit of officers of the Subsistence Department, and of 
 
 officers doing duty in the Subsistence Department, with the Treas- 
 urer, assistant treasurers, and designated dejjositarics, and in their 
 persoLal possession, on June.3U, 1882, as follows: 
 
 Subsistence of the Armv, 1881 $42;} 02 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1882 399,931 88 
 
 400, 354 90 
 
 Amounts refunded to the Treasury near close of fiseal year 1882, but 
 
 not carried to the credit of the appropriations by June 30, 1882: 
 
 Subsiiitence of the Army, IbSO $9 48 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1-81 50 
 
 Subsistence of the iirmy, 1882 983 64 
 
 993 62 
 
 jVmonntsin handsof representatives of deceased officers to he collected: 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1878 IJIOU 84 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1882 907 25 
 
 1, 077 09 
 
 Amounts charged against officers (deceased and resigned) on account of 
 
 funds alh'ged to have been lost by theft, &c., as follows: 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1879, and prior years 3,000 89 
 
 Amounts charged against officers still in service on accoint of funds 
 alleged to have been lost by theft, «.V;c., and for which relief ran only 
 be obtained in the Court of Claims under sections 1059 and 1062, Re- 
 vised Statutes, as follows : 
 
 Sub8iBt«;uce of the Army, lf^79 and \n\nr years $2,772 8C^ 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1880 ! [VXi 06 
 
 Subsistence of the Anny, IHHl 205 47 
 
 Subsistence of the Army, 1882 39 18 
 
 3,471 47 
 
 Total balances unexpended §419,731 87 
 
 PURCHASE OF SUPPLIES. 
 
 Sub.sistenco sui)i)lies for the Army are purchased as near the points 
 of (',on.suni])tion as i)r:icti<-al)le, re<::ar(l beiiij;- hatl to (piality and prices 
 and the cost of transportation to the various ]>osts. 
 
 Duiiiij;the past year a Uvr^e i>orlioii of the supplies has been ob- 
 tained as usual in the hir^^e market cities of tlie country, as New York, 
 Chicago, ISau Francisco, iSaiiit Louis, New OrU'an.s, «Ji:c. Fresh me^it, 
 and to a i^reat extent tlour and a few other arlich'S, have been i>urehased 
 from producers at or near tiie i)oiiits of issue, purchases being ])rcfer- 
 ably 80 made whenever artick's of a suitalde ({uality can be obtained 
 at prices not exceeding tlie cost of siniihir arlieh's purchased else- 
 where, cost of transportation included. 
 20 Ab
 
 402 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 CONTRACTS AND PURCHASES. 
 
 During the fiscal yoar ending June30, 1882^, 142 newspaper advertise- 
 ments and 80 «'irciil;irs and i)Ofst(n\s inviting i)roi>()sal8 for subsisteuce 
 stores wore rejxntcd to tliis oOice. Tliere were also receiv«id 2,2.59 con- 
 tracts of various kinds for fresh meats, complete rations, and other 
 supplies required for the subsistence of the Army. 
 
 The amounts expended for subsistence stores and proi)erty, and for 
 contingencies at the principal i)urchasing stations during the fiscal year 
 ending June 30, 1882, were as follows: 
 
 Purcliasing depot at — 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 Cheyciino, Wyo 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 Tort Leavenworth, Kans 
 
 Helena, 'Slont 
 
 Kew Orleans, La 
 
 New York, N. Y 
 
 Omaha, Neb 
 
 Prescott, Ariz 
 
 Sahit Louis, Mo 
 
 Saint Paul ,Miun , 
 
 San Antonio, Texas 
 
 Santa r6, N. Mex 
 
 San Francisco, Gal 
 
 Vancouver Barracka, Washington Ter. 
 Washington, D.C 
 
 Totals 2,101,318 77 
 
 For stores. 
 
 For property 
 
 $40, 
 
 173, 
 41, 
 
 619, 
 10, 
 
 188, 
 27, 
 21, 
 
 432, 
 25, 
 30, 
 
 121, 
 
 151, 
 4, 
 12, 
 
 163, 
 25, 
 11. 
 
 575 18 
 251 42 
 428 72 
 300 90 
 
 041 8G 
 407 46 
 993 29 
 915 65 
 355 89 
 937 90 
 547 73 
 330 85 
 067 00 
 204 75 
 
 042 38 
 317 27 
 694 05 
 786 47 
 
 $391 28 
 278 78 
 370 95 
 
 4, 688 40 
 209 78 
 
 4, 297 26 
 440 85 
 269 21 
 
 3, 368 90 
 
 3, 145 01 
 
 . 701 14 
 5, 282 26 
 195 27 
 20 02 
 3, 542 07 
 1, 813 32 
 1, 534 G6 
 
 30, 539 22 
 
 For contin- 
 gencies. 
 
 $9, 177 56 
 15, 956 98 
 
 4, 409 91 
 24, 686 65 
 11,031 84 
 17, 175 98 
 
 2, 026 90 
 
 i>, 686 02 
 25, 197 79 
 13, 294 57 
 12, 876 11 
 
 9, 178 66 
 15, 193 77 
 11, 133 17 
 
 9, 300 39 
 17,940 17 
 
 9, 829 49 
 249, 755 61 
 
 464,451 57 
 
 Total. 
 
 $50, 144 02 
 
 189, 487 18 
 46, 209 58 
 
 648, 675 95 
 21, 283 48 
 
 2U9, 940 70 
 31,001 04 
 27, 870 88 
 -460, 022 64 
 42, 377 48 
 43, 423 84 
 
 1.31,210 05 
 
 171, 543 03 
 15,593 19 
 21, 362 79 
 
 184, 799 51 
 37, 336 86 
 
 263, 066 74 
 
 2, 596, 309 56 
 
 PEESH BEEF. 
 
 The price of beef throughout the country has continued to increase to 
 such an extent as to add materially to the cost of subsisting the Army. 
 It win be seen by the following table the average price paid under con- 
 tracts for the current fiscal year is twenty- three per cent, greater than 
 for the last, and thirty-six per cent, greater than for the year 1881. 
 
 Table showing the average cost prices per pound (independent of quantities purchased) in each 
 State and Tei'ritory of fresh beef supplied to the Army on contract during the fiscal years 
 
 1881, 1882, and 1883, viz : 
 
 Maine 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Hhode Island 
 
 Connec tictrt 
 
 New York 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Maryland 
 
 District of Columbia.. 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Greorgia 
 
 Florida 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 Texas 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Average price per 
 pound. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Cent^. 
 8.75 
 8.89 
 6.90 
 7.23 
 7.77 
 9.37 
 7.93 
 6.64 
 6.24 
 8.85 
 a 62 
 9.00 
 7.75 
 6.75 
 ,5.18 
 
 e..^o 
 
 6.15 
 8.00 
 8.00 
 
 1882. 1883. 
 
 Cents- 
 
 10. .50 
 
 11.38 
 
 8.00 
 
 8.97 
 
 9.54 
 
 12.25 
 
 9.00 
 
 a 06 
 
 7.00 
 
 9.68 
 
 12.00 
 
 7.25 
 6.97 
 .5.48 
 6.75 
 7.25 
 9.00 
 7.00 
 
 Cents. 
 
 11.75 
 
 14.21 
 
 10.00 
 
 15.00 
 
 12.08 
 
 13.94 
 
 11.93 
 
 9.60 
 
 9.12 
 
 12 00 
 
 8.62 
 
 12. 50 
 
 12. M 
 
 0.50 
 
 a 47 
 
 11.00 
 
 11.70 
 
 9.62 
 
 13.00 
 
 Michigan ■ 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Kansas •. 
 
 Indian Territory. ..... 
 
 Wyoming . 
 
 Dakota, 
 
 Now Mexico 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Utah 
 
 Montana 
 
 California 
 
 Arizona 
 
 Washington 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Nevada 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Average for each year 
 
 Average price per 
 pound. 
 
 1881. 1882. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 10.38 
 5.50 
 5.17 
 7.21 
 7.40 
 5.86 
 7.19 
 a 79 
 7.75 
 7.82 
 5.21 
 5.50 
 6.92 
 
 10.46 
 6.73 
 6. G5 
 7. 75 
 6.12 
 
 Cents. 
 
 10.95 
 6.99 
 a 15 
 7.23 
 7.93 
 5.73 
 7.34 
 9.30 
 a 32 
 7.87 
 6.60 
 6.34 
 7.17 
 
 10.76 
 6.71 
 C.75 
 9. .'.U 
 5.34 
 
 1883. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 11.42 
 7.83 
 9.35 
 a 45 
 7.15 
 6.16 
 9.10 
 
 10.39 
 
 a 98 
 a 77 
 
 &62 
 9.18 
 9.90 
 
 12.34 
 5.38 
 7.05 
 
 12.00 
 
 7.39 
 
 a 19 
 
 10.11
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 403 
 
 TOBACCO. 
 
 Daring tlie year plu;? tobacco to the amount of lO^jllSy^ pounds and 
 smoking tobacco to tlic amount of 83,169i| pounds was supplied for 
 sale to officers and enlisted men of the Army. 
 
 The; sales of the tobacco cbargeil to enlisted men (lurii)g the year, under section 1149 
 of the Revised Statutes, for which tobacco returns have been received at this office, 
 amounted to §I05,5-2ti 19 
 
 Value of tobacco charged in fiscal year 1878; returns therefor 
 received in 1882 - 49 95 
 
 Value of tobacco charged in fiscal year 1881 ; returns therefor 
 received in 188"i 595 62 
 
 Value of tobacco charged iu previons years in excess of 
 amounts reported by the Pay Department as collected Gl, 044 02 
 
 Value of tobacco charged iu fiscal year 1883 ; returns therefor 
 sent to Paymaster-General* 9,222 07 
 
 Total §176,437 8o 
 
 Collections on account of tobacco sold to enlisted men have 
 been reported during the fiscal year as follows : 
 
 Amount transferred by Pay Department to the approi)riation 
 
 Subsistence of the Army §107, 024 48 
 
 Amount not yet transferred by Pay Department to the appro- 
 priation Subsistence of the Array 37,569 05 
 
 Paid by officers on account of failure to charge enlisted men. 3 01 
 
 Total 144,596 54 
 
 Leaving a balance not yet reported as collected of $31,841 31 
 
 SUFFERERS BY THE OVERFLOW OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 
 
 In February, 1882, a great freshet in the Mississippi River and its 
 tributaries caused the overflow of a large section of countrj% embracing 
 parts of Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, 
 and Louisiana, causing great destitutiou and suffering. Immediate re- 
 lief was iisked, and Congress, by joint resolutions approved February 
 25, March 21, and Aiuil 1, 1882, appropriated an aggregate of $350,000 
 to be used by the Secretary of War in the purchase and distribution of 
 subsistence stores for the relief of the sufferers. The first Joint resolu- 
 tion (that of February 25, 1882) approi)riated $100,000. This Depart- 
 ment was charged by the Secretary with the duty of procuring and dis- 
 tributing the sui)plies. The order for the first purchase was given Feb- 
 ruary 20, and iu forty-eight hours supplies, ijrocured by Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Leckwith, assistant commissary-general of subsistence, at Saint 
 Louis, Mo., were on their way by boat to the sufferers. A largo quantity 
 of stores were also purchased in New Orleans specially for sufferers by 
 tlie overflow in Louisiana. 
 
 Of the •*350,000 api)ropriated $349,958.88 were placed to the credit of 
 Lieut. Col. A. IJeckwith, assistant commissary-general of subsistence, at 
 Saint Louis, and Capt. F. F. Whitehead, commissary of subsistence, at 
 NcAV Orleans, with which 3,251,000 rations were purchased and (b'livered, 
 under instructions from the Secretary of War, to the agents of the va- 
 rious State authorities in the regions where the destitutiou i)revaik(l. 
 Therations turned over to these agents for the relief of sufferers iji the 
 States named were as follows :
 
 404 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMl^ANYING THE 
 
 liatloDS. 
 
 Kentucky • 15,000 
 
 Tennessee WJ.OOO 
 
 Illinois 40,000 
 
 MiHSOiiri 61,000 
 
 Arkansas 43.«:^,000 
 
 Mississippi 'iGo, 000 
 
 Louisiana - 1, 96(3, 000 
 
 Total 3,251,000 
 
 OBSERVATION AND EXPLOKATION IN THE ARCTIC SEAS. 
 
 The value of subsistence stores sent to the expeditionary force at 
 Lady Franklin Bay in June, 1882, for the use pf that force for the fis- 
 cal year 1883, was $4,210.03. 
 
 POINT BAEEOW EXPEDITION. 
 
 The value of subsistence stores sent in June, 1882, for the use of thi.^ 
 expedition for the fiscal year 1883, was $2,968.36. 
 
 LOSSES OF STORES AND PEOPEETY. 
 
 The value of stores reported on returns of subsistence stores for the 
 fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, as lost in transportation and no one 
 found responsible therefor, and as extraordinary wastage, «&c., was 
 $13,947.10, being less in amount by $8,374.49 than .the loss through like 
 causes in the previous fiscal year. 
 
 Value of stores lost in transportation during tlie fiscal year ending June 
 30, 1882, where responsibility for the loss has been fixed, was $11,683 40 
 
 Amount collected and taken up on officers' accounts, or cov- 
 ered into the Treasury, on above account, was $10, 465 31 
 
 Amount collected and not covered in 24 48 
 
 10, 489 79 
 
 Balance to be collected $1,193 61 
 
 The following is a statement of the value of stores reported lost by 
 theft, storm, fire, &c., during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882 : 
 
 Where lost. 
 
 Fort Keogh, Montana 
 
 Eu lout© to Foit A. Lincoln, Dakota. 
 
 Eu route ou steamer Black Hills 
 
 In ci'.mpaign against Apache Indians. 
 Bo 
 
 Eort Thornbnrsh Utah 
 
 En route to Fort Davis, Texas 
 
 Fort Hale, Dakota 
 
 Fort Laywai, Idaho 
 
 En routi to Fort Brown, Texas 
 
 En route to Fort Thoinburgh, Utah. . 
 
 Fort Assinniboine, Montana 
 
 Fcu-t Keoiih, Montana 
 
 En rojteto Forf Maginnis, Montana.. 
 In campaign against Apache Indians. 
 At Eijcky Point, Montana 
 
 Total. 
 
 How lost, per re- 
 ports. 
 
 By Are 
 
 By theft 
 
 By fire 
 
 Abandoned 
 
 From pack-mule, 
 bv storm. 
 
 By theft 
 
 ...do 
 
 By death (cattle) . 
 
 By theft 
 
 do 
 
 . do 
 
 By storm 
 
 By tiieft 
 
 do- 
 
 Abantloned 
 
 By theft 
 
 Date of loss. 
 
 Jnlv7, 1881 
 
 About Dpcembor"^, 1881. 
 
 Julv31, 1881 
 
 In September, 1881 
 
 In October, 18S1 
 
 In Nor., 1881, and Jan., 1882. 
 
 In December, 18,-1 
 
 In Dec. 1881, and Jiin., 1882. 
 
 In February, 188:; 
 
 In FebruaiV, 1882 
 
 In February, 1882 
 
 March 28, 1882 
 
 In March, 1882 
 
 In March, 1882 
 
 In May. 18p2 
 
 Reported in May, 1882 
 
 Value. 
 
 $,19 00 
 
 375 00 
 
 c4 40 
 
 79 7.-) 
 
 in 97 
 
 21 45 
 
 3 00 
 
 228 06 
 
 4 75 
 
 5 45 
 
 40 20 
 
 97 3(J 
 
 107 119 
 
 28 00 
 
 4 84 
 
 I2G .>! 
 
 $1, 416 W
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 405 
 
 ISSUES TO INDIANS. 
 
 Statement of supplies iasued to Indians and transferred to Indian agents during the fiscal 
 
 year ending June 30, 18c'2. 
 
 Date. 
 
 To whom Lssned. 
 
 July, 1881, to Janu-iry, 1SS2 
 
 October, 1881, to March, 18S2.... 
 Xovninbpr, 1881, to March, 1882.. 
 
 May. .Tunc, 1882 
 
 July, 1881 
 
 To Sioux Indiau prisoners of war at Fort Buford, Fort 
 
 Yat<'9, and Fort Kaiidall, Dakota. 
 To Apacho Indian prisoners bf war at Fort Lowell, '■ 
 
 Arizona. 
 To White Mountain Apache Indian prisoners of war , 
 
 at Fort Thomas, Arizona. 
 To Apache Indian pri.soncrs of war at Fort Union, 
 
 New Mexico. 
 To Me.icalero Indian pri.soners of war at Fort Union, 
 
 Xew Mexico. 
 
 July, 1881, to Jane, 1882 \ To Indiau prisoners of war at various po.sts and of dif- 
 
 I ferent tribes. 
 
 To destitute Hnalpai Indiana at Hackberry and the 
 Willo'vVr''. Arizonji. 
 
 Tninsfen-ed to Indian Agent J. A. Stephan, at Fort 
 Yatos, Dakota. 
 
 Transfericd t<} Indian Agent N. W. Berry, at Canton- 
 ment on Cncorapahgre, Colorado. 
 
 To Indians visiting po.-ts tinder Army Kogolations 
 21X2 and 2183; 
 
 September, 1881, to June, 1882 I To friendly Indinns 
 
 July, 1881. to June, 1882 j To destitute Indians 
 
 December, 1881, to March, 1882... 
 
 July, 1881 
 
 August, 1881 
 
 July, 1881, to Jannary, 1882 
 
 Total 
 
 Amount. 
 
 $21,832 89 
 
 1,422 90 
 
 1,603 84 
 
 220 80 
 
 257 44 
 
 1, 256 30 
 
 6, 172 78 
 
 2, 460 11 
 
 105 33 
 
 430 25 
 
 f)2 j^ 
 1, 32» 43 
 
 $37, 196 72 
 
 Eeimbursement has been re(iuested of the Interior Department to the 
 amount of $13,563.86 on account of the issues to Sioux Indian prisoners, 
 and to the value of the issues (86,172.78) to the destitute Hualpai In- 
 dians, but reimbursement has not yet been made in eitlier case. 
 
 The stores transferred to Indian Agents Berry an<l Stephan, to the 
 value of 82,571.49, have been paid for. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES AND EXPENT)ITURES. 
 
 Dunn fj the year 558 rations were issued to citizens in military custody, 
 and 1,933 rations were gratuitously issued to destitute citizens at posts 
 on the frontiers. 
 
 Subsistence was issued to volunteers in August, 18S1, at Ojo Caliente, 
 N. Mex., to the value of 86; at Fort Oraig, New Mexico, 821.57 ; and 
 in September, 1881, at Fort Apache, Arizona, $4:2.38; a total of 870.05. 
 
 The value of 8U))plie8 inspected aud conderaued during tlio year wa.s f^^lO. r>,').3 lt» 
 
 Trom such of the above as were ordered sold there was realized the 
 sum of ;;, 449 GU 
 
 Net loss on account of supplies condemned sK{,-20:i f>ti 
 
 Being less in amount, by 8643.81, than the net loss from like causes 
 during the i)revious fiscal year. 
 
 The number of rations purchased for recruits and recruiting jKU'tics 
 during the year was 74,118;|, for which 836,921.03 were paid, being at 
 the rate of 40.813 cents per ration, an increase of 1.085 cents per ration 
 over cost of previous fiscal year. 
 
 Disbursements for liquid coftee during the year amounted to 811 ,302.18 ; 
 for extra duty service of enlisted men detiiiled for duty in the Subsist- 
 ence Department at posts, 813,579.53 ; for advertising, 86,813.66.
 
 406 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 ACCOUNTS AND RETtJRNS. 
 
 There were received (luiin.j^- llie fiscal year ending June .'JO, 1882, from 
 581 otlicors perforiiiiugdutyin tlie JSubsisteiice l)('])artnient, the follow- 
 ing accounts and returns, viz : 
 
 Accounts current 2, 83G 
 
 RctiiruH ofprovisious 2,228 
 
 Keturus of commissury property yi'J 
 
 Total i-eceived &, 970 
 
 During the same period there were examined in this office, and for- 
 warded to the Third Auditor for settlement, the following: 
 
 Accounts cunent 3, 114, accompanied "by 47,2,% vouchers. 
 
 Return of iirovisions 2, 518, accompanied by 37, 028 voiicliers. 
 
 Returns of commissary proi^erty 1,068, accompanied by 2, 5r>7 vouchers. 
 
 Total (), 700, acconiiianied by 8G, 820 vouchers. 
 
 On hand at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, awaiting 
 examiiiation : 
 
 Accounts current 24G 
 
 Returns of subsistence stores 227 
 
 Returns of subsistence property - 2 
 
 Total 475 
 
 In connection with the above there were 4,937 letters written, and 
 1,079 referred by endorsements, and Sol papers copied. 
 
 In addition to the above, returns of oiiieial postage stamps to the 
 number of 651, accompanied by 1,781 vouchers, have been examined 
 and filed. 
 
 CLAIMS. 
 
 Act of July 4:, 1864 (section 300 B, Revised Statutes). 
 
 There were at the commencement of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, 
 on file in this ofiice, awaiting examination, 1,862 claims under the third 
 section of the act of July 4, 1804, and the acts and joint resolutions supple- 
 mentary to said act ; during the year 15 more were received, making in 
 all 1,877 to be acted Upon. Formal decisions were rendered during this 
 period in 1,161 cases of this class of claims. Of these, 84, amounting to 
 $18,279,36, were allowed in the sum of 80,247.67, and recommended to 
 the Third Auditor of the Treasury for payment, and 1,077, amounting 
 to $632,717.58, were rejected. 
 
 Of the number of claims received under this act, one, regarded as a 
 purchase-account, was transferred to miscellaneous claims for examina- 
 tion under that class. There remained on hand July 1, 1882, awaiting 
 examination and decision under this act, 715 claims. 
 
 Joint resolution of July 25, 1806, and third section of act of March 2, 
 
 1867. 
 
 At the commencement of the fiscal year there were on file in thks 
 office 2,346 claims for commutation of rations to Union soldiers while 
 held as prisoners of war, and during the year 1,085 claims were received, 
 making a total of 3,431 claims of this class lor examination, &c. Of 
 these, 174 were not reached for examination; 1,338 were partially ex- 
 amined ; 1,919 examined and decided, of which 1,131 were rejected, ami 
 788, amounting to $23,431.25, were allowed and recommended to the 
 Third Auditor of the Treasury lor payment. Besides this, rejected 
 (old) claims were re-examined upon additional evidence and again 
 rejected.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 407 
 
 Miscellaneous claims. 
 
 In addition to cliiims nnder the above-nientioued special acts of Con- 
 gress, there were at the coiniiienceinent of the liscal years 491 miscelhi- 
 neous chiims on hand, and dnrinj;: the year 335 chiiras were received. 
 Of these 820 claims, 122 were recommended for payment in the agf^re- 
 gate sum of $8,030.30 ; 2(H were rejected ; 448 were partially examined ; 
 and 55 were not reached for examination. Besides these, 20 rejectetl 
 (old) claims were re-examined upon additional evidence, 7 of which, 
 amounting to $131.72, were allowed, and 13 again rejected. 
 
 Letters and endorsements. 
 
 In connection with the three classes of claims above mentioned, 13,010 
 communications were sent out during the year. Besides this, numy 
 briefs of evidence and extended examinations of olUcial records were 
 made. 
 
 CLERICAL AND OTHER FORCE. 
 
 The appropriation for the clerical and other force in the office of the 
 Commissary General of Subsistence, act of August 5, 1882, is $43,480, 
 and provides for 1 ehief clerk, 1 clerk of class four, 3 clerks of class 
 three, 4 clerks of class two, 14 clerks of class one, 9 clerks, at $1,000 
 each, 1 assistant messenger, 2 watchmen, and 2 laborers ; a total of 37. 
 
 I recommend that this force be re-graded, in the appropriation act for 
 the liscal year 1884, as follows : 1 clTief clerk, 2 clerks of class foul*, 3 
 clerks of class three, 4 clerks of class two, 11 clerks of class one, 10 
 clerks of class $1,000, 1 messenger, 1 assistant messenger, 2 watchmen, 
 and 2 laborers ; a total of 37. I make this recommendation in the in- 
 terests of the public service, and hope it may meet the favorable con- 
 sideration of Congress. It makes no change in tlie total force, involves 
 an increase of the appropriation of only $40, and will give needed 
 grading to deserving employes of this ofiice. 
 
 CO:vnknSSARY-SERGEANTS. 
 
 There were, on June 30, 1882, one hundred and forty-five commissary- 
 sergeants stationed at the various military posts throughout the coun- 
 try. Each of them renders to this office, monthly, a i)ersonal report, 
 which is lorwiirded through the post commissary under whom he is 
 serving, and whose emlorsement thereon shows whether the commissary- 
 sergeant has iuo])erly performed his duties during the month. As in- 
 dicated by these reports, the sergeants, with very fewexce])tions, have 
 rendered efficient service, i^erformed their duties faith fulh', and gen- 
 erally conducted themselves in a satisfactory manner. 
 
 DUTIES AND STATIONS OF OFFICERS OF THE SUBSISTENCE DEPART- 
 
 BIENT. 
 
 During the yenr the officers of the Department have been actively 
 employed, and have ])erfbrmed Ihe duties to which they were assigned 
 Avilli their accust(niied /.eal and elliciency. Their duties and stations 
 on the 7th of October, 1882, will api)ear from the roster hereto a[)- 
 pended. 
 
 Very respectfullv, your obedient servant, 
 
 K. MACFEELY, 
 Commhsaryii cneral of ^Subsistence. 
 The Secretary of War.
 
 408 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 REPORT OF THE SURGEON-GENERAL. 
 
 War Department, 
 Suegeon-General's Office, 
 
 Washington, October 1, 1882. 
 
 Sir : I have the honor to submit the following sttitement of finances 
 and general transactions of the Medical Department of the Army for 
 the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882 : 
 
 FIXAKCIAL STATEMENT. 
 
 Medical and Hospital Department, 1880 : 
 
 Balance from previous fiscal year $3,292 06 
 
 Deduct amount deposited October 30, 1880, by Captain 
 Henry Johnson, M. S. K., U. S. A., with the assistant 
 treasurer at San Francisco, and through a clerical error 
 
 in previous statement reported as still in his hands 254 72 
 
 $:?,007 34 
 
 Refunded during the year 21 50 
 
 Total to be accounted for 3,028 84 
 
 Disbursed during the year $391 70 
 
 Carried to the surplus fund 2, 637 14 
 
 3, 028 84 
 
 Medical and Hospital Department, 1861 : 
 
 Balance from previous fiscal year 57, l05 43 
 
 Refunded during the year 14G 64 
 
 Total to be accounted for 57,252 07 
 
 Disbursed during the year 56, b'M 48 
 
 Balance June 30, 1882 652 59 
 
 Medical and Hospital Department, 1882 : 
 
 Appropriated by act of February 24, 1881 200,000 00 
 
 Received for supplies sold 14, 406 10 
 
 Recovered for property lost 13 08 
 
 Total to be accounted for 214,419 18 
 
 Disbursed during the year 182, 409 80 
 
 Balance June 30, 1882 — required for the settlement of unpaid 
 bills 32,009 38 
 
 Artificial limbs, 1877: 
 
 Balance from previous fiscal year 3, 476 90 
 
 Drawn from the Treasury by transfer warrant 8 95 
 
 3, 485 85 
 
 Disbursed during the year §8 95 
 
 Carried to the surplus fund 3,476 90 
 
 3. 485 85 
 
 Artificial limbs, 1878 : 
 
 Balance from previous fiscal year §1,901 77 
 
 Carried to the surplus fund 1,901 /< 
 
 Artificial limbs, 1879: 
 
 Balance from previous fiscal year 30, 869 81 
 
 Carried to the surplus fund 30, 869 81
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 409 
 
 Artificial limbs, 1880 : 
 
 Balance from pixnious fiscal year S39, 815 10 
 
 Disbnrsed durinfj tho yt-ax S54 32 
 
 Carried to tlic surplus fund 49,859 90 
 
 49,914 22 
 
 Balance June 30, 1882 9,900 94 
 
 Artificial limbs, 1381-: 
 
 Balance from i)rovious fiscal year 29,958 71 
 
 Disbursed during the year 26,688 90 
 
 Balance June 30, 1^882 3,209 81 
 
 Artificial limbs, 1882 : 
 
 Appropriatedby act of March 3, 1831 175,000 00 
 
 Disbursed during the year 102,0f^l 15 
 
 Balance Jnne30,1882 72,918 &5 
 
 Appliances for disabled soldiers, 1879 : 
 
 Balance from prcvioue fiscal year 2, 8S7 00 
 
 Carried to tlie surplus funcl 2, 887 00 
 
 Appliances for disabled soldiers; 1880 : 
 
 Balance from previous fiscal year 710 CO 
 
 Carried to the surplus fund 710 00 
 
 Appliances for disabled soldiers, 1881 : 
 
 Balance from previous fiscal year 2,470 00 
 
 Disbursed during the year 107 00 
 
 Balance June 30, 1882 2,36;t 00 
 
 Appliances for disabled soldiers, 1882: 
 
 Appro])riated by act of iVIarch 3, 1881 3,000 00 
 
 Disbursed during the year 250 00 
 
 Balance June 30, 1882 2,750 00 
 
 Medical and Surgical History : 
 
 Balance from previous fiscal year 13, S.?-^ 15 
 
 Disbursed during the year 4, 288 00 
 
 Balance Juno 30, 1882 9,100 15 
 
 Museum and Library, 1881 : 
 
 Balance frt»m ])rt!vious fiscal year 619 86 
 
 Disbursed during the year 619 80 
 
 Museum and Library, 1882 : 
 
 Appro])riated by act of February 24, 1881 10, 000 00 
 
 Disbursed during the year J^. 715 7*^ 
 
 Balance June 30, 1882 — required for tlic soltlfuicnt of unpaid 
 bills 1,284 22 
 
 Expentled i« providing tmsses for ruptnn d soldiers, se.amcn, ai\d inariiies 
 under sections 117G to 117^:, IJiviscd }>t.iiiitrs. t-xtendtd bv act of March 
 3,1879 '. ■- 5,057 08
 
 410 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 There were furnished during the fiscal yciir : 
 In Idud : 
 
 Trusses 702 
 
 Artiflfial lojjs 12<J 
 
 Artificial fvct 2 
 
 Apparatus for legn 4 
 
 Artificial anna 1 G 
 
 Artilicial hands 1 
 
 Coirniuted : 
 
 Artificial legs 42^ 
 
 Artificial leit l'> 
 
 Apiiaratus for legs 22.') 
 
 Artificial arms CGrf 
 
 Artificial hands 'A 
 
 Appatatus for arms 376 
 
 HEALTH OF THE AEMY DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 
 
 30, 1882. 
 
 The monllily reports of sick and woiMided received at tliis office up 
 to September 8 represent an average mean atreut>tli of 20,778 lirhite, 
 2j265 colored troops, and 245 Indian scouts. 
 
 Among* tlie white troops the total number of cases of all kinds taken 
 on the sick list was 34,880, being at the rate of 1,079 per 1 ,000 of mean 
 strength. 
 
 Of this number, 30,353, or 1,401 per 1,000 of strength, were taken on 
 sick rei)ort for disease, and 4,527, or 218 per 1,000 of strength, for 
 wounds, accidents, and injuries of all kinds. 
 
 The average number constantly on sick repOTt during the year was 
 942, or 45 per 1,000 of mean strength. 
 
 Of these, 762, or 37 per 1,000 of strength, were constantly under treat- 
 ment for disease, and 180, or 8 per 1,000 of strength, for wounds, acci- 
 dents, and injuries. 
 
 The total number of deaths from all causes reported among the white 
 troops was 216, or 10 per 1,000 of mean strength. Of these, 141, or 7 
 per 1,000 of strength, died of disease, and 75, or 3 per 1,000 of strength, 
 of wounds, accidents, and injuries. 
 
 The proiiortiou of deaths from all causes to cases treated was 1 to 
 101. 
 
 The total number of white soldiers reported to have been discharged 
 the service on " surgeon's certiticate of disability " was 848, or 41 per 
 1,000 of mean strength. 
 
 Among the colored troops the total number of cases of all kinds re- 
 ported was 4,090, ov 1,810 per 1,000 of mean strength. 
 
 Of these, 3,481, or 1,537 per 1,000 of strength, were cases of disease, 
 and 018, or 273 per 1,000 of strength, were wounds, accidents, and 
 injuries. 
 
 The average number constantly on sick report was 100, or 44 per 
 1,000 of strength ; of whom 77, or 34 per 1,000 of strength, were under 
 treatment for disease, and 23, or 10 per 1,000 of strength, for wounds, 
 accidents, and injuries. 
 
 The total number of deaths of colored soldiers reported from all causes 
 was 25, or 11 per 1,000 of mean strength. Of these, 10, or 7 per 1,000 of 
 strength, died of disease, and 9, or 4 per 1,000 of strength, of wounds, 
 accidents, and injuries. 
 
 The proportion of deaths from all causes to cases treated was 1 to 
 1G4.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 411 
 
 The total number of colored soldiers reported to have been discharged 
 on " surgeon's certificate of disability" was 98, or 43 i»er 1,000 of mean 
 strength. 
 
 The total number of oases rojiorted among the Indian scouts was 50; 
 being at the rate of 2L't) per 1,000 of mean strength. 
 
 Of these 43 were cases of disease and 13 of wounds, accidents, and 
 injnries. 
 
 The total number of doatlis was 9 ; 4 from disease and 5 from wounds. 
 
 JJuring the past liscal yetir :.^,003 monthly reports of sick and wounded 
 have been received from the medical officers in charge of the various 
 posts and stations. 
 
 Tiiese have been examined, consolidated on statistical sheets for use. 
 and the deaths and discharges entered in the appropriate alphabetical 
 registers. 
 
 Nine hundred and fifty-five rei)orts of the medical examination of re- 
 cruits were received and tiled, and 823 monthly meteorological reports 
 were received from medical officers and transmitted to the Chief Signal 
 Officer of the Army for his use. 
 
 WOTlIv PERFORMED IN THE RECORD AND PENSION DIVISION. 
 
 The total number of official demands upon this division during the fiscal 
 year, for information as to the cause of death in the case of decreased sol- 
 diers and the hospital record of invalids was 01,030, being 0,51)0 in excess 
 of similar apjjlications during the previous year. Twenty-one thousand 
 four hunched Jind eight ajiidications remained unanswered on the fiist of 
 July, 1881, mnking in all 83,038 to be disposed of during the year. Of the 
 new cases, 59,100 were from the Commissioner of I'ensions, 2,209 from 
 the Adjutant-General of the Army, and 255 from miscellaneous sources. 
 Search has been made and rei)lies furnished to the proi)er authorities in 
 01,097 cases. Of these, 58,092 were to the Commissioner of I'ensions, 
 2,180 to the Adjutant-General of the Army, and 201 to niiscellaneous 
 applicants, leaving 21 ,959 unsearched cases. As this is an excess of only 
 55L cases over the nund)er remaining on hand at the date of njy last 
 report, it will bi' seen that although the office has not been able to 
 make any pennancnt decrease in the number accumulated during i)re- 
 vious years, it has proved itself comi)etent to dciil with an increase of 
 20,000 cases over that of the last fiscal year, and has very nearly kept 
 pace with the increased requirenu'Uts ot the Pension Ofiice. 
 
 Since tlie addition to tlie clerical foiee engaged ujton i)ension work 
 in this office i)ro\ ided by the act of ]March 3, 1881, and mentioned in the 
 last rei)ort of the Surgeon-General, there has been not oidya consider- 
 able increase in tbe aggregate nund)er of re])orls furnished to the Com- 
 missioner of l'e:isions, but it is jiratii'ving to lie enabled to report an in- 
 crease in the number of cases that have been disposed of by the mean 
 number ol" clerks exclusively emi)lo.ve(l upon the technical work ol' 
 seai'ching the iios|«ital rec()rds. This iu<'reasc has risen fully Xi per 
 cent, over and abo\(' the average luuuber <»r cases searched «'ach day 
 by the sam(^ Ibice during the lU'evious year; and eonsidi-riug the fad 
 that the men employed exhibit every deisi-e of u-t>titude in learning tiiis 
 peculiar and diiiicult W(uk, the Jiiinies will serve to illustrate that with 
 a new force only a gradual ac(|uisiiion of skill is to be antit-ipatcd, and 
 that a proper degree of accuracy and celerity is attained only by great 
 familiarity with these hospital records, supi)lemented by a siKH-ial and 
 often i)rotracted course of training. 
 
 I would also refer in this connection to a progressive increase in the
 
 412 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 tlifiienlt.v of senrcli for lecord ol" the hospital treatment of soldiers who 
 served in the late war. As time elapses claimants appeiir to be more 
 than evei' nnnble to fnrnish definite information c.oncA'Vulu'^ the date 
 ;ind place of their treatment. Tliere is mnch evidence at hand to estab- 
 lish the fact tliat tliis difhculty does not arise from defective memory 
 alone. It is to bo regretted that there is too often a manifest failure 
 on the ])art of those preparing declarations for pensions in pressing in- 
 quiries n])on these important i)oints, as it is the cause of much of the 
 (ielay hitherto cliarged to this office. 
 
 increasing demand for replies to the Commissioner of Pensions has 
 heretofore prevented the detail of any sufficient number of clerks ui)on 
 the very important work of copying the large number of worn and muti- 
 lated records now on hand and rapidly accumulating. AVith the pros- 
 pective addition to the clerical force, it is intended tliat this work 
 shall at once be taken up, and the jireservation of evidence contained 
 in these important volumes be made secure by their duplication, so far 
 as may bo practicable and consistent with the object for which the in- 
 crease of force is ])rovided, viz, the final adjudication of all pension 
 claims within a limited number of years. 
 
 One hundred and thirty -nine volumes of hospital records were re- 
 ceived from discontinued posts, commands, and other sources during 
 the year, making the total number of such volumes on file, 18,222. 
 The classification of these records is complete, and the hospital desig- 
 nation, description of contents, and period covered by every book is 
 recorded in a series of State, army corps, and department indexes, 
 numbering 60 volumes. The wear upon these indexes has been so 
 rapid that it has become necessary, by means of numerous hektograph 
 copies, to insure their preservation. Twenty-two volumes, 15 cox)ies to 
 oa<ih, have already been made, and the remainder will probably be 
 completed during the coming fiscal year. 
 
 The subject of a complete alphabetical index of all names borne on 
 the records of this ofQco has been under consideration for several years, 
 but after mature deliberation it is concluded that the task is impossible 
 of accomplishment without an entire suspension of all ordinary busi- 
 ness. 
 
 At such time as the proper men could be spared, a special examina- 
 tion, with the view of enumerating the names borne on records-in-chief, 
 has been undertaken. Of registers of sick and wounded, including pre- 
 scription books that embrace dates not otherwise covered, there have been 
 examined and counted 4,547 volumes, which represent, in part only, the 
 records of 1,461 general, post, field, and miscellaneous hospitals, and 
 765 regimental hospitals. On these registers-in-chief there already have 
 been enumerated 7,413,847 names of sick, wounded, and deceased sol- 
 diers. And when it is considered that these are contained in less than 
 one-fourth of the number of volumes known to be on file, the magnitude 
 of the work projected will be more justly ax)preciated. That something 
 has been accomplished in this direction, the following figures will defi- 
 nitely show; but it is work that was commenced before the close of the 
 war, and has continued at varying intervals up to date: One million 
 one hundred and seventy -two thousand one hundred and twenty-two 
 names are now arranged in alphabetical order; 1,287,504 are indexed; 
 146,920 are partially indexed; 534,507 names are arranged in the order 
 of States or regimen.ts, and 79,559 in order of companies, making a grand 
 total of 3,220,612 names that may be said to be filed in convenient shape 
 for every-day reference.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 413 
 
 DIVISION OF SURGICAL, RECORDS. 
 
 In the division of surjiical leeords tlio principal work lias embraced 
 the examination of the sur<:i(;al reports of medical ollicers of the Army, 
 their' acknowledgment and clas.silication, aud the ru.uistration of tlu' 
 data contained in the same : Ihe (;orre8poiidt*nc«! i»erlaiidii<4' to the Armv 
 Medical Museum, aud the coutinuiition of the puhlicatiou of the 'third 
 Surj^ical Voluuie of the ]\ledical and Surgical Historv of the War. 
 
 Wouuds, accidents, and iujuries to the number of 5,1 o<S were recorded 
 in Class V of tbe monthly rejwrts of sick and wounded duriuj;- the lis- 
 cal year ending June 30, 1882, in a mean strength of the Arn*y of 23,288 ; 
 89 deaths from wounds received in action or from other vioU-nt causes 
 were reported, a proportion of 3.8 per 1,000 of the mean strength. 
 
 Two thousaiul and sixty-six surgical reports were received from medi- 
 cal officers in charge of post hospitals or detachments of the Arm}' in 
 the field or expeditions against hostile Indians; 1,580 were regular 
 quarterly reports, 10 were reports of casualties received iu action, 33 
 were speciiil rei>orts, and '4-13 were of a 7uiscellaneous nature. 
 
 Classified returns of Avounds and injuries, together with lists of 
 wounded, were received of ten engagements with hostile Indians, iji 
 which 28 soldiers were killed and 22 wounded, as follows: 
 
 1. At Carrisso Canon, IN". Mex., August 12, 1881, Company K, Xinth 
 Cavalry, in a fight with Indians, had 2 men killed and 3 men wounded; 
 the casualties were reported by Acting Assist. Surg. F. S. Denwey. 
 
 2. In a skirmish with Indians at Cuchillo Negro, N. Mex., August 15, 
 1881, 2 privates of Company I, Ninth Cavalry, wei'e reported wounded 
 by Acting Assist. Surg. M. G. Cockey. 
 
 3. On August 19, 1881, a tight occurred at Cavalaus Caiion, 45 miles 
 southeast of Fort Bayard, N. Mex., between Apache Indians and a de- 
 tachment of 4:4 men of Companies B and II, Ninth Cavalry. ^Vssist. 
 Surg. C. E. Munn reports that Lieut. G. W. Smith, commanding the de- 
 tachment, aud 3 enlisted men were killed, aud 3 enlisted men were 
 wounded. 
 
 4. Assist. Surg. George McCreery, whose gallant and meritorious con- 
 duct in the fiekl received especial official notice, reports that Col. Eugene 
 A. Carr, Sixth Cavalry, with 5 commissioned officers, 79 enlisted men 
 of Companies E and 1), Sixth Cavalry, 73 men of Company A. Indian 
 scouts, and the post i»ack train, left Fort Apache, Ariz., on August 29, 1881, 
 to arrest t he nu'di('iju!i man. Nock-ay-del- klin-ne. On theeveniug of August 
 30, wheif the command was going into cam[) at Cibicu Creek, the Indian 
 com])any, with other Coyotero Apaches, fired into the troops, killing 
 Capt. E. C. Hentig and 3 ])rivates of Com])any 1), Sixth Cavidry, and 
 mortally wounding 3 other privates of the same company ; a ser- 
 geant and a ])rivato also received severe fleMi wountls. The 3 men 
 mortally wounde<l died on the day of tlx; injury. Comi)any A, Indian 
 Scouts, aft<M' firing into tlu; troops deserted to the enemy. 
 
 5. .Vssist. Surg. McCreory repoi'ts that a i)rivateof Company D, Sixth 
 Cavahy, and 2 privates of Cotni^my 1>, Twelfth Infantry, were mur- 
 dered by Indians near Fort Apaehe. Ariz., while returning from Ilhuk 
 liiver, on (»r about September 1, 1881, and that in a skirmish with In- 
 dians, at Fort Apache, on Sej)tember I, Lieut. C. G. (iordou, tSixth Ca\- 
 alry, was wounded. 
 
 0. Act. Assist. Surg. A. S. Adler n^ported that in a figlit with Chiri- 
 cahua Indians, near Cedar Si)rings, Ariz., on October 2, 1881, a sergeant 
 of Comjtany F, Sixth Cavalry, was kiMed, and a private of the same 
 troop, and 2 privates of Comi)any G, First Cavalry, were wounded. A
 
 414 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 report from Assist. Surg. J. B. Girard jcives as additional casualties of 
 this enftaj>emeiit: 3 privates of tlie Sixth Cavalry, ami 1 i)rivate of, 
 Company B, Eighth Infantry, killed by the Indians ^vhile repairing the 
 military telegraph line between Cedar Springs and Fort Grant, Ariz., 
 on October L', 1881. 
 
 7. Acting Assist. Surg. W. Whitney reports that in an engagement 
 between United States troops and Apache Indians, near Sontli Pass, 
 Dragoon Mountains, Ariz., on October 4, 1881, 3 privates of Company 
 F, Ninth Cavalry, and an Indian scout were wounded. 
 
 8. On April 23, 1882, at Horse Shoe Canon, Ariz., in a fight between 
 Troops C a^id G, Fourth Cavalry, and hostile Indians, 1 private of 
 Company C was killed, and a sergeant of Company C and a private of 
 Company G "were wounded. The sergeant's wound i)rovcd fatal on 
 April 25. Acting Assist. Surg. W. Whitney reported the casualties. 
 
 9. In an engagement between the first battalion of the Fourth Cav- 
 alry and a body of Indians at Stein's Peake Kange, N. i\Iex., April 23, 
 1882, 4 Indian scouts were killed and 2 privates of Company IT, Fourth 
 Cavalry, were wounded. Acting Assist. Surg. M. G. Cockey, who ac- 
 companied the troops, remarks that "the bodies of the 4 Indian scouts 
 were so badly burned by the hostiles that it was impossible to find out 
 the location of their wounds, although I examined them closely.'' 
 
 10. Acting Assist. Surg. W. C. Bruus reports that a private of Com- 
 pany M, Sixth Cavalry, was killed and another wounded in an engage- 
 ment with Indians at Hatchet Mountain, Ariz., April 28, 1882. 
 
 Ten thousand one hundred and sixty-eight cases of injuries and op- 
 erations reported in the Army since the publication of Circular No. 3, 
 War Department, Surgeon-General's Office, Washington, August 17, 
 1871, had been collected tvt the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 1881. To these have been added 921 cases, viz, 114 injuries of the 
 head, 3G of the face, 11 of the neck, 151 of the trunk, 167 of the upper 
 extremities, 124 of the lower extremities, 138 simple fractures, luxa- 
 tions, and sin-ains, and 180 miscellaneous injuries, making a total of 
 11,089 cases, namely, 2,613 injuries of the head, 392 of the face, 80 of 
 the neck, 804 of the trunk, 1,933 of the upper extremities, 1,274 of the 
 loAver extremities, 2,691 simple fractures, luxations, and sprains, and 
 1,302 miscellaneous injuries. 
 
 , In 86G cases of injuries received during the war, additional informa- 
 tion in regar(lto remote results has been collected in the Pension Office. 
 In 2,323 instances, information from casualty lists and reports of opera- 
 tions has been furnished in cases of applications for pensions. 
 
 PKOPERTY DIVISION. 
 
 Medical and Jiospiial supplies. — The money value of the medical and 
 hospital supplies issued during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, 
 was $181,333.80. 
 
 Owing to reductions heretofore made by the Committee on Appropri- 
 ations from the amounts estimated by the Surgeon-General as required 
 for the Medical and Hospital Department of the Army, it has been neces- 
 sary to issue for use certain medical and hospital sni>plies left over from 
 the'^stock on hand at the close of the war of the rebellion, which have to 
 a greater or less extent deteriorated by age, and, though innocuous, are 
 of very uncertain strength and therefore not, in the iiroper sense, fit 
 for issue. Even this expedient will not avail and cannot be depended 
 on in the future, as these supplies are now exhausted by issues and 
 must be replaced by purchases. An increase of $50,000 over the
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 415 
 
 amount usually appropriated lor this purpose \vill be required during 
 the fiscal year ending June oO, 1884, an<l e><tin^ate of appropriations 
 will therefore be submitted in the sum of $250,000 ; which amount, it is 
 thought, will be barely sullicient to meet the necessities of the service 
 during the year, ami which 1 resi)ectfully and urgently request may be 
 allowed. 
 
 CSTATKMENT OF CLEKICAL WOHK.) 
 
 Letters received, recorded, and indexed 4,596 
 
 InJorsenients written •- H, 'H*^ 
 
 Indoreetueuts recorded and indexed oSl 
 
 Indorsements charged 1,765 
 
 Letters written 2,041 
 
 Letters recorded and indexed 2, 041 
 
 Accounts-current recorded, exaniincd, and forwarded to the accounting oOicers 
 
 of tbe Treasury , 85 
 
 Abstracts of disliursenieuts, and vouchers i)ertaiuing to same, recorded in de- 
 tail and examined 1,224 
 
 Subronchers, pertaiinn^ to same, examined 768 
 
 Accounts and claims lor medical attendance and medicines for sick of the 
 
 Army 307 
 
 War claims examined, acted upon, and transmitted to the Second Auditor for 
 
 the action of the accounting officers of the Treasury' 59 
 
 Accounts of sales examined and forwarded to the Second Auditor 80 
 
 Certificates of deposit recorded and transmitted to Secretary of the Treasury.. til 
 "Weekly statement of public funds recorded and forwarded to Treasurer of the 
 
 United States for certiliwitiou 256 
 
 Post hospital returns examined and settled 411 
 
 War returns examined and settled 17 
 
 Purveying depot returns examined and settled 11 
 
 Post hospital returns examined and suRpended 17 
 
 Purveying depot returns examined and suspended 4 
 
 Certificates of non-indebtedness sent 41 
 
 Post hospital retiirns recorded - 422 
 
 War returns recorded 17 
 
 Post hospital returns prepared 11 
 
 War returns prepared 7 
 
 Certificates of correctness sent 422 
 
 Settled returns scheduled, Jaheled, numbered, recorded, and filed 1,867 
 
 Statement prepared showing the am»unt of medical and hospital property 
 issued from purveying depots to post hospitals during the fiscal year, folio 
 
 pages 59 
 
 Examinations of projiorty papers for reports made on inquiry cards, from ad- 
 ministrative and miscellaneous branch 789 
 
 TRUSSES. 
 
 In carrying out the laws for furnishing trusses some cases of hard- 
 shi]) are found. Piasons who held commissions as officers and all per- 
 sons who were disabled ])revious to the Avar for the suppression of the 
 rebellion are absolutely, and those disabled subsequently to this war 
 are, practically, excluded from the benelits of these laws, although 
 these i)erson8 are ])ensioned on account of hernia. 
 
 It is desirable that the issue of trusses shall correspond to the issue 
 i>f artificial limbs, as was probably the intention of Congress, that is, 
 that a truss shall be furnished to every one who is ruptured in the line 
 of his duty while serving in the Army or Xavy. 
 
 LIBRARY. 
 
 TIk' library of this office is devoted entirely to medicine and its 
 branches, no purchases being miule of books belonging to general or 
 miscellaneous literature. The works in it are not duplicated in any 
 other library in Washington, excepting only those copyright American
 
 416 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 medical books of which specimens are deposited with the Lil)rary of 
 Conjiress. Many of these are also presented to this library, so that this 
 small djii)li('ati()ii causes very little expense. Xo advantage would 
 accrue from mcrj;ing this library with any other; its size and impor- 
 tance and (he demands made upon it beini; such as to require the serv- 
 ices of a specially skilled medical officer lo make it as useful as it should 
 be, and to preserve for it the interest or the medical profession of tlu^ 
 country, to which much of its completeness is dlie. 
 
 The additions to the library during the past year include about 3,200 
 volumes and 3,500 pamphlets, n)aking the total number in the collec- 
 tion about 57,000 volumes and 03,700 paniphlets. 
 
 The printing of volume III of the Index Catalogue has been com- 
 pleted and the edition distributed. This volume ends with the end of 
 letter J). The manuscript of volume IV, which will include the letter 
 E and part of F, is nearly ready, and the first part of it is now going 
 to press. The use of the library by the medical profession throughout 
 the country is steadily increasing, and the requests for information 
 made upon it involve much research and extensive corresiMjndence. 
 Over three hundred such requests were received during the year, ccxm- 
 ing from all parts of the United States, and the total number of letters 
 sent from this branch alone was over 1,000. 
 
 An estimate has been forwarded for printing volume V of the Index 
 Catalogue, and it is specially desirable that this appropriation be 
 granted in order that no delay may occur in the issue of this work, the 
 practical value and utility of which becomes more and more apparent 
 as successive volumes are published. 
 
 AE3iy IMEDICAL 3ITJSBUM. 
 
 Surgical eection. 
 
 Specimens in the museum, Jtily 1, 1681 7,075 
 
 Specimens iuthe museum, July 1, 1^82 - , 7, 130 
 
 Increase during the year 55 
 
 Medical section. 
 
 Specimens in the museum, July I, 1881 - 1,570 
 
 Si)c,cim*u8 ia the. museum, July 1, 1882 1,615 
 
 Increase during the year 45 
 
 Microscopical section. 
 
 Specimens in the museum, July 1, 1381 8,471 
 
 Specimens in the museum, July 1, 1882 8,400 
 
 Increase duiing the year IS 
 
 Anatomcal section. 
 
 Specimens in the museum, July 1, 1881 » 2,121 
 
 Specimens in the museum, July 1, 1882 2, 13"^ 
 
 Increase duiing the year 1~ 
 
 Section of comparative anatomy. 
 
 Si)ecimen8 in the musei'.m, July 1 , 1881 - 2, 44^ 
 
 Sijecimens iu the museum, July 1, 1882 2,467 
 
 Increase during the year 19
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 417 
 
 2Ii8ceUane(ms neciion. 
 
 Specimens in the niuseiiui, July 1, ISSl 707 
 
 iSpecimeus in the museum, July 1, l."i82 ; 724 
 
 Specimens received 20 
 
 Specimens transfcired :? 
 
 Iucrcii.se during the year 17 
 
 The contributors to the Army Medical Musenm were y siirf;eons, i^i 
 assistant surgeons, 1 medical storekeeper. C actiuir assistant surg(jons, 
 2 liospital stewards, an<l 45 civilians. 
 
 Durinj*- the fiscal year ending Jane oO, 1882, 13,250 visitors registered 
 at the Army ^Medical JMuseum. 
 
 Surgical . History of the War of the KeheUion. — Ninety-eight drawings 
 on wood, 1)8 engravings, 2 chrumo-lithographs, and 1 black and wliite 
 lithograph were prei)ared for the third surgical volume of the Medical 
 »nd Surgical Ilistoiy of the AVar, and 107 jiagcs of this volume were 
 completed, advancing the work from page o6o to 702, inclusive. The 
 manuscript of this volume is now suliiciently advanced to allow the 
 volume to be completed and laid before Congress during the coming 
 session if no unforeseen delay in the printing occurs. 
 
 A NEW FIKE-PEOOF BUILDING A NECESSITY FOR TILE AR3IY 3IEDI- 
 CAL MUSEni AiND LIBRARY. 
 
 The great necessity for a fire-])roof building suitable for the proper 
 accx)mmodation of the Army Medical Museum collection and the library 
 grows, yearly, more imperative. 
 
 The i)resent l)uilding is over-crowded and unsuitable for the purposes 
 intended, while its general insecurity against accident and fire places 
 in extreme Jcoi)ar(ly collections wliich, if destroyed, would be an irre- 
 parable loss not only to the United States, but to the world. 
 
 The museum has attained a world wide celebrity ; is second to none 
 in the inunbej' and value of specimens illustrating military surgery an<l 
 the diseases of aiuiics, while its sphere of i)ractical usefulness to the nied- 
 ical j)rofession of the country is unlimited. 
 
 It is therefore hoped that Congress may be induced to appreciate its 
 great value and importance and provide for the lire-proof building re- 
 quired to jdace the collections beyond the chance f)!' loss or injury. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 The re^iuirements of the Army as regards medical ofticers during the 
 past year have been as follows : 
 
 Number of permanent jiosts - 15«3 
 
 Number of temporary posts and Bubstatious 29 
 
 Total l-Ty 
 
 Number of military expeditions in the field during the year 7 
 
 The services of 12 medical oflBcers were required with these expedi- 
 tions, and there were also ^iS me<lical otliccrs reported to this oIlie<? as 
 having been on duty with scouting parties and on other held service 
 during the year. 
 
 The Army medical examining board convened in New York City on 
 the 7th of November, 1877, for the examination of assistant surgeons 
 for promotion, and of candidates for aitpointnirnt in the medical corpj 
 27 Ab
 
 418 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 of the Army, w;is eoiitimiod in srssion until June 30, 1882, on which 
 date it was dissolved by orders IVoni the War I)e])artnient. Since date 
 of hist report ten candidates liave been found qualified and approve<l 
 by the board, of wlioui nine have been appointed and eominissioned 
 assistant surgeons and one declined ai)pointment. 
 
 The followini; is a recapitulation of the work i)erformed by the Army 
 medical examining board durin^^ its session : 
 
 Number of asHistant surgeons examined for promotion * fiB 
 
 Number of ciUKlidatoH for appointment in the medical corps invited to ap- 
 pear for examination 258 
 
 Number of candidates fouiul qualified IW 
 
 Number of candidates rejected 51 
 
 Number of candidates wlio withdrew after partial examination 126 
 
 Total number examined 216 
 
 Number of candidates who failed to appear for examination 19 
 
 Number of candidates who declined to appear for examination 2:J 
 
 Total number invited but not examined 42 
 
 At the date of the hist report of the Surj^eon-General there were 
 nine vacancies in the medical corps, all of which were in the grade of as- 
 sistant surgeon. Since the date of last report there have been retired 
 from active service (under the clause of the act approved June 30, 1882, 
 providing and directing that "when an officer is sixty-four years of age 
 he shall be retired from active service and placed on the retired list") 
 the following medical officers : 
 
 Brig, and B^i;. Maj.-Gen. Joseph K. Barnes, Surgeon-General, after 
 a service of upwards of forty-two years as a medical officer, and nearly 
 eighteen years as Surgeon-General. 
 
 . Col. and Bvt. Brig. Gen. John M. Cuyler, surgeon, after a service of 
 more than forty-eight years as a medical officer. 
 
 Col. William S. King, surgeon — after a service of nearly forty-five 
 years as a medical officer. 
 
 Lieut. Col. and Bvt. Col. James Simons, surgeon — after a service of 
 nearly forty-three years as a medical officer. 
 
 Three surgeons, with the rank of major, 3 assistant surgeons, with 
 with the rank of captain, andl medical storekeeper, also with the rank 
 of captain, have died. One assistant surgeon, with the rank of captain, 
 has resigned. Col. and Bvt. Brig. Gen. Charles H. Crane, assistant 
 surgeon-general, was appointed surgeon-general, with the rank of brig- 
 adier-general, July 3, 1882, vice Barnes, retired. Two surgeons, with 
 the rank of lieutenant-colonel, have been promoted to surgeons, with 
 the rank of colonel; 3 surgeons, with the rank of major, have been 
 promoted to surgeons, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and G as- 
 sistant surgeons, with the rank of captain, have been promoted to 
 surgeons, with the rank of major. Thirteen appointments in the grade 
 of assistant surgeon, have also been made. A vacancy in the office of 
 assistant surgeon-general, and six vacancies in the grade of assistant 
 surgeon, exist at this date (October 1, 1882) in the medical corps of 
 the Army. 
 
 There are now 17 medical officers on sick leave of absence; of these 
 Shave been found incapacitated for active service and recommended for 
 retirementby Army retiring boards, viz,.Assistant Surgeons T. F. xVzpell, 
 who has been on sick leave since April 7, 1877 ; J. W. Buell, who has 
 l)een on sick leave since August 23, 1877, and W. E. Steiiunetz, who has 
 been on sick leave since September IG, 1878. One has been recommended 
 to be brought, b(;fore an Army retiring board with a view to his retire-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 419 
 
 merit from active service, viz, Asst. Siirf^. -T. V. Dellaiine, wlio has lieoii 
 on sick leave since June 22, JS71) ; and 7 more are regarded as pertna- 
 uenlly disabled. 
 
 Three medical oflBcers are on ordinary leaves of absence after a tour 
 of duty on the frontier, and four are on teinpoiary leaves of absence by 
 permission from inimediatrconimandiug ollicers ; leaving 159 medical otU- 
 cers for duty October J, 1882. 
 
 The medi(;al oflicers who have died during the year are as follows : 
 
 ]\IaJ. John H. Frant/, surgeon, at Baltimore, Md., IMarch 2, 1882. 
 
 IMpJ. Charles I>. White, surgeon, at Wilton, Conn., August 10, 1881, 
 
 I\laj. William M. Notson, surgeon, at Columbus Barracks, Columbus. 
 Ohio,' June 23, 1882. 
 
 Capt. William E. W^Litebead, assistant surgeon, at Tarrytown, N^. Y., 
 January 10, 1882. 
 
 Cai)t. Carlos Carvallo, assistant surgeon, at Winthrop Beach, Mass., 
 July 23, 1882. 
 
 Capt. Peter JVIoflatt, assistant surgeon, at Fort Cceurd' Aleue, Idaho, 
 June 15, 1882. 
 
 Capt. Florence O'Donnogliue, medical storekeeper, at New York City, 
 Juue2V), 1882. 
 
 Maj. John H. Frantz, surgeon, entered the service as an assistant 
 surgeon. May 28, 1801, and w\is promoted to surgeon, with the rank of 
 major, Decend)cr 10, 1807. lie was appointed cajjtain, major, and 
 lieutenant-colonel, by brevet, for faithful and meritorious services dur- 
 ing the war. Served in general hospital in Georgetown, D. C, from 
 date of appointment to August, 1801 ; on dut;\ with battalion of Eighth 
 and Nineteenth Infantry to July, 1802; medical i)urveyor at Fort ]\Iou- 
 roe, Va., to December, 1803; medical i)urveyor, district of North Caro- 
 lina, to February, 1804 ; iu charge of Balfour general hospital, Ports- 
 mouth, Va., to July, 1805; in charge of general liospital. Fort ]\Ionroe, 
 Va., to April, 1800; on duty at Camj) Grant, near Kichmond, Va., to 
 September, 1807; post surgeon, Fort C. F. Smith, Mont., to April, 
 1808; i>ost surgeon, Fort Sanders, Wyo., to October, 1870; post sur- 
 geon. Fort I). A. Pussell, ^V'yo., to December, 1871 ; post surgeon, 
 Columbia, S. C. to May, 1875; post surgeon. Fort Preble, Me., to^May, 
 1878. Was on continuous sick leave from October, 1877, to the time of 
 his death. 
 
 Maj. Charles B. White, surgeon, was appointed assistant surgeou 
 3Iay 28, 18()1, and was i)romoted to surgeon, with the rank of major, 
 October 1, 1875. He served at Fort jMonroe, Va., and in the Army of 
 the Potomac. After the battle of jMalvern Hill he renuiined with the 
 wounded left in the hands of the enemy. He served as surgeon in- 
 chief of the Artillery Pescrve in the Army of the Potomac, and after- 
 wards took charge of the general hos])ital at Pittsburgh, Pa. In De- 
 cember, 1803, he was detailed as medical purveyor of the Thirteenth 
 Corps, Army of tiu'. Tennessee, and ])arlicipated in the nmrch through 
 ]\Iississi])i)i, Louisiana, and Texas, ser\iug in the last mentioned Slate 
 as medical director. He was medical purveyor at New Oi-leans, La , 
 until May, 1808, and also acted as ])ost surgeon at Jackson Barracks, 
 New Orleans, during the ])revalenee of the cholera. I'ost suigeon at 
 Fort Sehuyh'r, X. Y., to June, 1870, and at Camp Jndei»endence, (.'al., 
 to]\Iay, 1870; then at Columbus Bajracks, Oliio, to July, 187!>. From 
 this date to the time of his denth he was on sick leave, with the exce]>- 
 tiou of a few weeks in the hitter j)art of 1880, when he was engaged on 
 temporary special duty. In JMarch, 1805, he was made captain and 
 nuijor, by brevet, forfaitUtui and meritorious services duriug the war.
 
 420 PAPERS ACCOMPANyiNG THE 
 
 Mfij. William M. Notson, surj?oon, was appointed assistant surgeon 
 July ."3, 1.S02, and i)roin()t('d to sui^if^on, with the rank of major, Decem- 
 ber 31,187(J; was appoint<Ml captain and major, by brevet, for faithful 
 and meritorious services dnrinj^- the war. From date of appointment to 
 Septcnd)er, 18G2, served at Columbian College general hospital, Wash- 
 ington, D. C. ; on duty with Army of the Potomac, in Maryland and 
 Virginia, to December, 18(53, and was severely wounded at Fairfield, 
 ju^ar Gettysburg, Pa., in July, 18G3. Assistant attending surgeon, 
 Washington, D. C, from December, ]803, to Novem])er, 1807; post 
 surgeon. Fort Chadbourne, Texas, January and February, ]8(>.S;^iost 
 surgeon. Fort Concho, Texas, February, 18G8, to July, 1872; post sur- 
 geon. Fort Mackinac, Mich., from August, 1872, to Septend)er, 1873 ; 
 {lud at Fort Gratiot, Mich., to December, 1877 ; ])Ost surgeon, 1^'ort Mc- 
 Kinney, Wyo., from January to Sej^tember, 1878. Was a member of 
 the Army Medical Examining Board at Kew York City, from February 
 to July, 1879, and post surgeon, at Columbus Barracks, Columbus, 
 Ohio, from July, 1879, t-o the date of his death. 
 
 Capt. William E. Whitehead, assistant surgeon, was appointed April 
 13, 1803. Breveted captain, March, 1865. Was in charge of general 
 hospital, Ironton, JMo., from May to September, 1803 ; on duty in gen- 
 eral hosi)ital, No. 3, Murfreesboro', Tenn., November, 1SG3, to January, 
 1864; in the field in the Department of the Cumberland with the Fourth 
 United States Cavalry from January, 1804, to January, 1805 ; inspector 
 of hospitals, Nashville, Tenn., January to April, 1805. On duty at post 
 hospital, Milwau'kee, Wis., from July to November, 1805, and at Cape 
 Disappointment (Fort Cauby), Wash., from January, 1800, to April, 
 1809. Post surgeon at the following posts in New York Ilarbor: 
 David's Island from July to November, 1809 ; Fort Wood, November, 
 1809, to October, 1870 ; Fort Columbus, October and November, 1870, 
 and again at David's Island from November, 1870, to June, 1872. Post 
 surgeon. Fort Brown, Texas, July, 1872, to April, 1870; at Camp Sup- 
 ply, lud. Ter., from July, 1870, to February, 1877, and at Fort Eiley, 
 Kans., June, 1877, to October, 1878. Was on sick leave from December 
 1877, to the time of his death. 
 
 Capt. Carlos Carvallo, assistant surgeon, was appointed May 14, 1867, 
 and served at Kalorama general hospital, Washington, D. C, from that 
 date to July, 1807. Post surgeon at Sedgwick Barracks, Washington, 
 D. C, to December, 1867. Post surgeon at Fort Eichardsou, Texas, 
 from March, 1868, to February, 1869 ; at Jefferson, Texas, from March, 
 1869, to June, 1871, and at Fort Griffin, Texas, from July, 1871, to 
 June, 1872. Post surgeon at Fort Gratiot, Mich., from September, 1872, 
 to September, 1873; at Fort Mackinac, Midi., from September, 1873, to 
 October, 1874; at Fort Stanton, N. Mex., from December, 1874, to Sep- 
 tember, 1876; at Fort Union, N. Mex., from October, 1876, to ]\Iay, 1879, 
 and at Fort Laramie, Wyo., from December 5, 1879, to November, 1881, 
 when he was granted sick leave of absence, which continued until he 
 died. 
 
 Capt. Peter Moffatt, assistant surgeon, appointed October 9, 1867. 
 Served as post surgeon at Camp Harney, Oreg., to October, 1869, and 
 at Fort Boise, Idaho, to December, 187i. Was on duty at Fort Leav- 
 enworth, Kans., to May, 1873 ; post surgeon at Fort Union, N. Mex., 
 to April, 1874 ; at Fort Garland, Colo., to September, 1876, and at Fort 
 Foote, Md., April and May, 1877. Post surgeon at Fort Mackinac, 
 Mich., from June, 1877, to June, 1879 ; on duty at Camp Winfield Scott, 
 Wash., July and August, 1879; post surgeon at Camp Chelan, Wash., 
 from September, 1879, to October 5, 1880. Post surgeon, Camp Spokan,
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 421 
 
 Wash., from November, ISSO, to February, 18S2 ; post surgeou at Fort 
 CcEur d'Alene, Idaho, Iroin ]\Iarch to his death in June, 18S2. 
 
 Capt. Florence O'Doniiojihiic medical storekeeper, Nvas appointed as 
 such August 3, 18G7, ami w as on duty at the medical purveying depot, 
 lyfew Orleans, La., until May 7, 1871; at medical purveying depot, New 
 York, from September, 5, 1871, to his death June 21), 1882. 
 
 0. H. CRANE, 
 Surtieon-Gou'ral, U. S. Army. 
 
 # 
 
 EEPORT OF THE PAYMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 Paymaster-General's Office, 
 
 WaHhinciton, October 10, 1882. 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit my annual report of the transactions 
 of the Pay Department of the Army for the hscal year ending June 30, 
 1882. 
 
 Tabular statements herewith inclosed show in detail the fiscal opera- 
 tions of the department for that year, summarily stated as follows, viz: 
 
 RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING 
 
 JUNE 30, 1^82. 
 
 IJalance in hands of payrnasttMS July 1, 1881 ??1, 345, 301 56 
 
 Amount received tiorii tli« Treasury IW, 905, 541 38 
 
 Amount received from soldiers' deposits 448, 5G6 83 
 
 Amount received from paymasters' collections 43^,835 80 
 
 Total to be accounted for 15, 13'2, 245 57 
 
 Accounted for as follows : 
 
 Disbursements : 
 
 To Regular A rnvr $12,559,005 69 
 
 To Military Atad.-my 176, 038 89 
 
 To volunteers, claims of freedmeu, &c., ou Treasury 
 
 cettiticates 445, 377 03 
 
 Total dislmrHcnients 13, 180, 421 Gl 
 
 Surplus funds deposited in the Treasury 133,312 71 
 
 PH.vmasters' collections deposited in the Treasury 432, 835 fcO 
 
 Halauce in hands of paymasters June 30, 1882 1,385,675 45 
 
 Total accounted for 15, 132, 245 57 
 
 The Army has been paid during the year with regularity, each muster 
 period being closely followed by prompt ])aymeut. 
 
 The ollicers of this department have shown tJiemselves to be highly 
 efficient in the discharge of their duties, whicli, in some parts of the 
 country, have been attended with many hardships aiul much danger. 
 
 1 recommend tliat tlie actof July 29, 1870, be so amen(h'd as to allow, 
 ill tin; discretion of tlie Secretary of War, one month's leave of absence 
 to olliccrs of the Army, without deduction of pay or allowances, for 
 each year during wiiich such absence has not been taken. 
 
 l><«tter still would be the repeal of all laws alVecting tiie pay of officers 
 while on leave. 
 
 Ati olUcer who is entitled to leave should have full i)ay while absent. 
 
 The discretionary i)ower of granting leaves resting in the command- 
 ing generals and the Secretary of \Var would guard against any abuse 
 of the privilege. 
 
 1 recommend the repeal of that ])rovision in act of July 24, 187(1, which 
 forbids x><'iyiin'nt of mileage over land-graut railroa<ls. Mileage is an 
 allowance to otlicers to cover lU'cessary expenses while traveling in the
 
 422 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 performance of their duties. The actual cost of transportation forms 
 only a ])art of these»expenses; tlie others '^o on wlietlier tiiey travel over 
 a land-jirant road or not. With the measuie of allowance now reduced 
 to a minimum, it causes loss and inconvenience to ollicers to be com- 
 pelled to bear the other expenses incident to their traveling? without re- 
 imbursement, while the small advantage accruing therefrom to the 
 United States is inconsiderable. 
 
 It is desirable that paymasters should be notified within a reasonable 
 period, say one year from the time payments are actually made, of the 
 condition of their accounts in the hands of the Auditor and Compti^ler. 
 It is not unusual for two years and over to elapse before they are noti- 
 fied of errors ; meantime, officers who should refund may have died, re- 
 signed, or been discharged the service. 
 
 1 would invite your attention to the subject of paymasters' bonds. 
 The accounting officers of the Treasury hold that, under the laws now 
 in force, they have no power to release the sureties on a paymaster's 
 bond. The sureties are held for all the transactions of the paymaster 
 from the date of the approval of the bond to the close of his service 
 under his current commission. This should be corrected by proper legis- 
 lation, such as was extended to collectors of internal revenue (20 Stat., 
 p. 327), and to postmasters (E. S., 3837). There should also be a limit 
 beyond which it will not be competent for an action to be brought against 
 the sureties on a bond, the paymaster, however, to be held. I would 
 suggest five years after the expiration of the bond as a reasonable time 
 within which suit should be brought. 
 
 The enlisted men of the Army still continue, to a large extent, to 
 avail themselves of the benefits of the deposit system, and it is believed 
 that its influence tends to encourage habits of economy and to check 
 desertion. The system has been in operation for ten years, and during 
 that time the sum of $3,813,081.78 has been received on deposit. The 
 repayments during the same period amount to $2,766,613.27, leaving at 
 the close of the fiscal year the sum of $1,016,468.51 still on deposit. 
 "While the amount deposited last year ($448,566.83) was less than the 
 amount deposited during the previous year, it is noticed that the aver- 
 age amount of each deposit is larger and the number of deposits less. 
 
 It is good policy, I think, to encourage small deposits, and to that end 
 would recommend that the act of May 15, 1872, be so amended as to al- 
 low interest on the minimum deposit ($5) from the date of deposit, pro- 
 vided it shall be deposited six months prior to date of discharge. 
 
 The signal success which has attended the operations of the act of May 
 15, 1872, es'tablishing a system of deposits for enlisted men, prompts me 
 to recommend that the "benefits of that act be extended to the commis- 
 sioned officers of the Army. 
 
 The settlement of claims of colored soldiers and sailors for pay, bounty, 
 and prize-money has progressed very satisfactory to this office, and, it 
 is believed, also to the claimants, who, in every instance, receive their 
 money in actual cash without the intervention of an agent or attorney. 
 These results are accomplished at a very small expense to the govern- 
 ment. Maj. A. B. Carey, paymaster, IJ. S. A., is charged with these 
 payments. Attention is invited to his report, which is appended. 
 I am, sir, very respectfullv, your obedient servant, 
 
 WM. B. EOCHESTER, 
 Paymaster-General, U. 8, A. 
 
 The Hon. the Secret aby of Wak.
 
 Waii ])EPAirj3iE>T, War Kecords Office, 
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 423 
 
 REPORT OF PUBLICATION OF WAR RECORDS. 
 
 [E>T, War Records Office 
 Washington, U. C, October 23, 1882. 
 
 To the Secretary of War : 
 
 Sir: I Lave the honor to report i)roj;ress in the publication of the 
 niilitary r<H'ortls of the War of tlie Rebellion since my report of Octo- 
 ])er lL','lS81. 
 
 The examination and copying of the files of the Union records for 
 18()l-lStJ5 is almost coni})lete»l, and tlie book records tor 1804 are now 
 bcin.u" searched. The examination of the Confederate book records for 
 1803-180."), an<l of the files pertaining to these records for 1801, is pro- 
 gressing. 
 
 Yolumes 111, IV, and V, Series I, of tlie Oflicial Rebellion Records, 
 have been given to the public; Volume ^'I is now being bound ; the in- 
 dex to Volume VII is in the hands of the Printer, and the book will 
 doid»tless be issued before Congress reassembles. The text of \'olumes 
 ^'II1, IX, X, and XI has been stereotyped, and the stereotyping of 
 Volume XI 1 is iiearly completed. 
 
 The cost of ])rintiug and binding the volumes already issued has 
 been : 
 
 Vol nme I $0, 7G5 7G 
 
 Volniiie II l», IGd Gd 
 
 Vohiiue III 7, n-i M 
 
 Volnine IV 7, OKI 03 
 
 Volmiie V 9, 717 92 
 
 The composition, stereotyping, &c., of volumes still in the hands of 
 the Printer has cost : 
 
 Volume VI 51,857 90 
 
 Vol n I lie V 1 1 1 , 924 l^) 
 
 Volniuo Tin 1, G:?4 -M 
 
 Volume IX l.T-f.^ f.O 
 
 Volume X (two parts) 2,940 31 
 
 VoluiiiQ XI (thrtje imits) r),257 27 
 
 Volume XII, Pnrt.s I iuiil II 3,319 94 
 
 Volum.' J, .S.riesIII l,tW 14 
 
 Vnlunip I, Series IV f71 ("4 
 
 ludexiug, proof-reading, &<■., for the liscal years l.'^-'fJ-ldd2* 7,37G 72 
 
 The appropriations for printing and binding have been : 
 1880-lrisl § 10, OiX) CO 
 
 lb81-lt^d:> 4(i.lH(0 00 
 
 l«t»2-lciri3 :it;.3iHi w 
 
 Total 1 IG, 3.00 00 
 
 Total expenditurea to date G7, 7-:^ 70 
 
 Balance available 4-'. .Ml :UJ 
 
 The exi>enditures of tliis office for salaries and incidental expenses 
 during the fiscal year ending June .*>(), 1,S8U, have been as follows: 
 
 Hal.aries »34, Gf G G8 
 
 Kent 1,200 00 
 
 Traveliuji expenses ami exjiress tvans|)ortation 15;' or> 
 
 Kuel and liRlitM :«8 94 
 
 Stationery, books, mni>s, panii>lilets, «!tc 1,981 43 
 
 OHice fiirnit are, earpcts, »Ve 1, 014 17 
 
 Repairs of olliee furniture and heating ajtitaratus 212 70 
 
 * Under current ax>propriatiua this expense is ptorided for iu the allotiueut for 
 
 salaries.
 
 424 PAPERS ACCO.MPANYING THE 
 
 Telephor.c scrvir'- $170 53 
 
 Priut iiitr n>att'j iiil 310 49 
 
 Incidental la'.oi- 220 (Kj 
 
 RecluciiJg niaiLS lor iinbliculioii « W 00 
 
 Ice 30 m 
 
 Total 40, 480 08 
 
 Amount appropriatiMl 40,490 00 
 
 Surplus 3 32 
 
 The War I)oi)nrtinoi)t ajjont for the collection of Confederate military 
 records contiimes to be successful iu obt:iiiiin.f; valuable docutuents. A 
 niemoranduui of his collections during the y>nst twelve months is sub- 
 mitted herewith. Some of the docuujents thus reported are duidicates 
 of those already in tlie ])ossession of the Crovernment, and are therefore 
 of no special value; but there are yet many original documents relating 
 to the Avar scattered about the country, and I recommend that the 
 agency for collecting them be maintained while yielding, as it now does, 
 a commensurate return. 
 
 Yery respectfully, your obedient -servant, 
 
 EGBERT ^T. SCOTT, 
 Brenet Lieutenant-Colonel^ TJ. S. A. 
 
 REPOUT OX ^HLITAEY PRISON, FORT LEAVEis^WORTH, 
 
 KANSAS. 
 
 Governor's Office, 
 United States Military Prison, 
 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, August 30, 1S82. 
 
 Sir : I have the lienor to transmit herewith annual reports of the 
 quartermaster, surgeon and cha])lain connected with this prison, for 
 the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882. I also enclose tabular statement 
 of labor performed, prisoners received, discharged, iS:c. 
 
 During the past year, improvements have been made in and near the 
 prison, as exhibited by the following details: One brick store-house, 
 30 by 80 feet, two stories high, slate roof; prison water-closet, frame, 
 12 by 24 feet; new officers' quarters, main house, 2G by 36 feet, wing 20 
 by 22 feet, ell 6 by 14 feet, both two stories, 20 feet high. Stable, 
 18 by 24 feet, 14 feet high. There were also repairs made on fence 
 around the farm, from old material, the fence around coiTal rebuilt, and 
 improvements made in Surgeon Wright's quarters. 
 
 There have been made 319 feet curbing to protect sidewalks, and 
 1,599 feet coping around prison wall has been laid. 169 perch masonry, 
 two crossings, one at the prison chaplain's, and one at Lieutenant Scott's, 
 together, 220 feet, and necessary curbing, 110 feet, area in yard 9 feet 4 
 inches; window-sills, 296 feet. 
 
 Work in the shop progressed very favoiably, and during the past 
 fiscal year there were manufactured 33,113 pairs of boots, b. s.; 18,996 
 pairs of shoes, b. s.; 30,000 corn brooms; 2,236 barrack chairs; 118 sets 
 of chair rods; 940 extra parts for chairs ; 1,292 packing boxes for boots, 
 shoes, and harness ; 136 crates for packing chairs; also 127 sets, com- 
 plete, of foiu-mule ambulance harness; 136 sets of six-mule wagon
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 425 
 
 harivss; 50 single sets of lead-iimle vragou Laruess and GO single sets 
 of wheel iHule harness. 
 
 Besides tbe above euunieiated articles, all doors, sasli, &c., as well as 
 the necessarj' repairs to bnildiiigs, &c., were made by prison labor. 
 
 During tbe year there has been 2,975 bushels of lime burned and used 
 in building, repairs, sanitary ])ur|)oses, &c. 
 
 In the shoe-shop care has be<n taken to save all scrap leather, and 
 during the year there has been sold 2i,377 pounds, realizing the sum of 
 $1,396.27, whicli amount has been covered into the United States Treas- 
 ury on account of miscellaneous receipts. 
 
 During the past year, owing to the backwardness of the season and 
 the overflow of the Missouri River (which inundated the entire farm), 
 the prison farui only yielde<l 1,2.")0 bushels of potatoes, 1,547 heads of 
 cabbage, o50 bushels of corn, 150 bushels of onions, 700 bushels of to- 
 matoes, 175 bushels ])arsnii)s, and a quantity of other vegetables, for 
 immediate consumption. 
 
 This year we have under cultivation about 96 acres, planted as fol- 
 lows : 40 acres in potatoes, 40 in corn, 3 in cabbage, 5 in broom-corn, 
 and 8 acres wntli a variety of vegetables, such as onions, tomatoes, car- 
 rots, beets, &c. 
 
 The work performed for the Quartermaster's Department during the 
 past year has been as follows : 55,991 days skilled labor ; 76,174 days 
 unskilled labor ; making a total of 132,105 days of labor. 
 
 United States military prison in account with the Quartermaster's 
 Department during the fiscal year lb82 shows as follows : 
 
 Due Quartoiuia.«ter'8 Dopartiuont July 1, 1881 8887 61 
 
 For quartennastei-'s stores received 1,932 13 
 
 ForC. C. audG. E. received 16,241 37 
 
 Total iy,OGl 11 
 
 By work for Qnartermast^r's Department 24,3.'jG IM 
 
 By clotluug reirausferred to Quartermaster's DeiJartment 8, 469 »4 
 
 Total 32,>^25 94 
 
 19,061 11 
 
 Due i)rison Juue 30, 1882 13, 764 8'.i 
 
 Expended on account of appropriation for support United States mili- 
 tary prison for fiscal jear 1881 and 1882: 
 
 Received : 
 
 Regular appi'o])iiation .S62, 461 17 
 
 Expended 62, 461 17 
 
 Dcficleix'-y appropnation. 
 Received: 
 
 For snlisistcnce stores.. s:"!, 000 
 
 For l)uildiugs 2, OUO 
 
 5,0(K.) (0 
 
 Expended : 
 
 For subsistence $1 , 002 'ifi 
 
 For buildings , 2,000 0(» 
 
 Turned into the Trta.siuv 1 , 997 45 
 
 000 CO 
 
 The conduct of the prisoners has on the whole been very good, but 
 few refractory cases necessitating severe disciplinary measures occur- 
 ring. 
 
 Sixteen iirisouers eseajicd; seven were recaptiueil : inakiug a loss of 
 uiue.
 
 426 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The hcalMi of tho iiistitntioii, :is shown by inclosed report of the sur- 
 {^eon, lias also been V(uy j^ood, (•onsi(h'ring tlie crowded condition of the 
 dormitories; the new dormitory, nearlv completed, will add j;ieatly to the 
 comfort of the ])risoneis re^ardin^' tlieir healtli. But two deaths oc- 
 curred «lurin<? the yc^ai', one of which was a prisoner, and on<' eidisted 
 man of the provost ^uard, <;eneral service United States Army, iSergeant 
 .lohn JhMiiy, wlio was shot by Private John O'Neil, same organization. 
 The ])risoner died of phthisis. 
 
 1 (lesire to take theopportnnity to acknowledge my sincere tlianks to 
 the department commander for liis kind encouragement and substantial 
 support which he has extended to me during the ]»ast year, and I am 
 sure that whatever success has attended my labors here, has been 
 largely due to the aid he has given me in the performance of my duties. 
 It is also gratifying to me to acknowledge my obligations to the differ- 
 ent officers on duty at the prison lor the manifest interest they have 
 taken in the performance of their arduous duties, their hearty co-oper- 
 ation, and exemplary conduct. 
 
 1 am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 A. P. BLUNT, 
 Brevet Colonel, United States Army, Governor. 
 
 EEPORT OF THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF THE 
 SOLDIERS' HOME. 
 
 Washington, D. C, November 2, 1882. 
 
 Sir : Article 1 of the regulations for the general and internal direction 
 of the Soldiers' Home requires the Commissioners, "at their meeting in 
 October," to " mfike an annual report of their proceedings to the Secretary 
 of War for the information of Congress." In accordance therewith, we 
 have the honor to submit the following report for the year ending Sep- 
 tember 30, 1882 : 
 
 The matters which have demanded the most earnest attention during 
 the year have been the ways and means for i^roviding for a large and 
 increasing number of inmates, and keeping the buildings and extensive 
 grounds in good repair and condition. The current revenue for the 
 support of the Home would have been insufficient for these purposes if 
 it had not l)een for the exceedingly close economy and unusual restric- 
 tions required in the expenditures of funds, and in some instances the 
 suspension of work which seemed almost indispensible. By extraordi- 
 nary effort in controlling the expenses, the necessity for diminishing the 
 investments held by the Home has happily been avoided. As the num- 
 ber of inmates increases, the means for their support, which are all 
 derived from the xVrmj^, have been greatly reduced in the past few 
 years by the reduction of the military forces. The fact is apparent that 
 in a very short time the current revenue from the sources created by 
 law will not be suflicient to meet the necessary expenses of the institu- 
 tion. The investment of surplus funds in past years in securities which 
 would yield a sure revenue was a wise step, and it will be wisdom to 
 make some sacrifices now for the purpose of increasing the amount so 
 invested in order that the future ma^' be provided for. Probably no 
 better plan could be devised for this purjiose than that proposed in the 
 bill now before Congress (Senate bill No. 1821), to make all surplus
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 427 
 
 funds a deposit in the United States Treasury to the credit of the Iloiue 
 as a i)erinaneiit fund to <lra\v interest. If this can be done, and if ad- 
 ditions can be made tothe fund from timetotinie, tliebenedt will begn-at, 
 and if a fair estijuate of the amount of money now due the Home ou 
 account of the "unclaimed effects of deceased soldiers"' could be made 
 by the accountinj; officers of the Treasury Department, and tliat amount 
 appropriated by Coug^ress, and added to the peru)aiu>nt fund, there 
 is not a doubt but that the future nuiintenance of the Home would be 
 assured. 
 
 The financial statement of the treasurer of the Home is submitted 
 herewith, and is made a part of this report. JJy reference thereto it 
 will be seen that the amount of money recei^ ed duriuf^- the year was 
 $145,932.13, and the amount exi)ended was .■^142,8.S{).G0, leaviiipf a bal- 
 ance of receipts over exi)enditures of $3,042.53. The investments held 
 by the Home, and in which there has been no change durin*; the year, 
 are $780,000 in United States 4 i»er cent, bonds, $40,000 in G per cent. 
 Missouri State bonds, and $02,500 in stock of the Voun^ Men's Christian 
 Association Joint Stock Com]>any of Washington, D. C. It is proper, 
 in this connection to state brieliy the character of the last-named stock, 
 and to explain the relations between the ^^company^^ and the ^dissocia- 
 tion" for the idea seems to be prevalent that there is no distinction be- 
 tween them. The association was incorporated under an act of Con- 
 gress approved June 28, 1804. The company Avas incorporated under 
 an act ai)proved March 2, 1867, and S. P. Chase, O. O. Howard, H. D. 
 Cooke, and other well known men of position, wealth, and integrity 
 were named as the body corporate for the purpose of erecting a build- 
 ing for the meetings of the association. They were authorized to have 
 a cajjital stock not exceeding $200,000, upon which they were to pay, from 
 the rents and reveiiues arising from the building, an annual interest of 
 not exceeding i)er cent., and i^ay over to the direct<-irs of the Young 
 I^Ien's Christian Association the surplus, if any, to be used in the purchase 
 of the stock of the company^ and when the association should in thismanner 
 absorl) all the stock of the company the latter was then to transfer the 
 full title of the ])roperty to the association. Tlie company issued stock 
 to the amount of $101,000, and realized therefor $157,340. The lot pur- 
 chaseil and the ])uilding erected and furnished, including all expenses, 
 cost $179,71H).23, to which should be added $0,705.03, which was paid as 
 interest on stoclc before any revenues were received from the building, 
 making $18(»,501.20 in all. This would make the indebtedness of the 
 comi)any $29,101.20. The first proposition to the commissioners of the 
 Soldiers' Home to invest in the stock of the company api)oars to have 
 been luade in December, 1807, and, after about five months, djiring which 
 it is found that due iurpiiiy was made into the luatter, the commissioners 
 authorized the investment at 20 cents on the dollar below the face value 
 of the stock. Interest at the rate of per cent. ])er annum was received 
 1)y the Honje semianniudly u])on the i)ar value of this stock until Jan- 
 uary 1, 1873, when, the indebtedness of the company having increased 
 to about $.'>0,000, the stocdcholders consented to relinquish the interest 
 until the indebtedness should be paid. At this time the Young Men's 
 Christian Association, which Avas a tctiant in tlie building owned by the 
 company, was in arrears for rent to the amount of $4,10G.0(;. In part 
 ])aymcnt of this the couipany accepted at par and canceled $3,000 worth 
 of stock. From that time till May 1, 187(), the association again fell in 
 arrears torrent $3,791.00, and, it being represented that there w;is no 
 hope of the funds being raised to pay it, the company remitted it on 
 condition that future rent must be satisfactorily secured. The security
 
 428 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 acc',e])t<'(l Avas stock of tli<* <'oni])any, of which the association then pos- 
 sessed G.S7 siiares, the face value of which was ij( 17,17/5. The tenancy of 
 the association was continned under this arrangement up to the month 
 of November, 1.S7S, Mlien all tlie stock was surrendered by the associa- 
 tion and accejited by the coni]uiny, on account of rent, at 20 cents on 
 the dollar. This i>art of the statement is made somewhat in detail to 
 show that the Young MeiCs Citristian Association is not now connected 
 with nor in any way interested in the property u])on which the stock 
 held by the Soldiers' Home is based ; also to show that the exceedingly 
 slow proexess made up to 1880 in reducing the indebtedness, which is 
 now $33,000, would have been more rapid and satisfactory if the com- 
 pany had not been coini)elled to accept its t)wn stock as part of the 
 revenues. The property (the building) is an exceedingly expensive one 
 to keep in re});iir, but the prosi)ect for realizing upon the stock is fair, as 
 the following will show : 
 The fnudson hand and invested September 30, 1882, was S4,741 93 
 
 The annual rental of store and other rooms is 5,730 00 
 
 The average annual receiiits for rent of Lincoln Hall is about 3,000 00 
 
 8,730 00 
 
 The regular annual cxiieuses are ; 
 
 Tax on an assessed valuation of $IM),000...- 1,350 00 
 
 Pi-emium on ^67,500 insurance (fire) 396 25 
 
 Salary of janitor, $900, and secretary, $250 1, 150 00 
 
 Interest on loan at G^ i»er cent 2, 145 (X) 
 
 Ligbtiufi and heating the building, about 700 00 
 
 Agent's fees for collecting rents — hall, 10 per cent. ; rooms, 5 per cent 586 50 
 
 6,327 75 
 
 The repairs and incidentals are about $400, so that the net revenue 
 may be fixed at $2,000 per annum. The interest on the loan will be re- 
 duced in two and one-half years to 6 per cent., and will have five j'ears 
 to run at that rate. The indebtedness will probably be paid in from 
 twelve to fourteen years, after which, if not sooner, the stock will have 
 a marketable value. 
 
 The only imi)rovement of importance made at the Home during the 
 year was the construction of a sewer from the main buildings southward 
 on the east side of the grounds, a distance of about 4,800 feet, to connect 
 with the sewernge from the hospital to divert the drainage from the 
 property adjoining the Home on the east, where it had for years been a 
 cause of complaint. The cost of this work was $1,100. 
 
 The number of inmates has been increasing from year to year, and 
 the question of providing additional room for their accommodation is 
 one which must be acted npon very soon. A very large percentage of 
 the men require hospital accommodation and treatment. Many more 
 who are old ^lud infirm, but who require no medical treatment, are 
 necessarily kl])t in the hospital, where they can receive the care of 
 attendants, and the accommodations for the sick and wounded are taxed 
 to their utmost capacity. 
 
 The number of persons who were receiving the benefits of the Home Septem- 
 ber 30, 1881, was 588 
 
 The changes during the year ending September 30, 1882, have been as fol- 
 lows: 
 Admitted : 
 
 Regular 127 
 
 Tenipurary 68 
 
 Readmitted (regular) 78 
 
 ^ " ^ 861
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 429 
 
 Dropped by ■withdrawal, &c. : 
 
 Regular 127 
 
 Temporary } 64 
 
 Dismissed (regular) 4 
 
 Died : 
 
 Regular t 29 
 
 Temporary •_' 
 
 Suspeudud (regular) 12 
 
 238 
 
 Receiving the benefits September 30, 1862 : 
 
 Regular '. 610 
 
 Temporary i:{ 
 
 62:! 
 
 Five of the men admitted temporarily were discliarfjed soldiers who 
 were in need of food and shelter for a few dayt>. but who were not en- 
 titled to full admission. The lack of acconnnodatious forbids the ex- 
 tension of this privile^ue except in very extreme cases. The other tem- 
 ])orary admissions were men \a1iosc right to the benefits appeared good, 
 but needing evidence which was not at hand, and they Avere admitted 
 until it could be obtained and acted upon. 
 
 There has been a slight decrease in the death-rate as compared with 
 the pa«t few years. (Considering the class of mcu bronglit together, 
 the general health of tbe inmates has been good, and it would have been 
 even better if many of the pensioners could have lM?en prevented from 
 spending their money for intoxicating liquor. The attending surgeon 
 reports that 26 per cent, of tbe admissions to the hospital were for in- 
 ten)perance or acute alcoholism, the number of sucii cases being most 
 frequent just after the re(;eipt of pension or extra duty pay. The aver- 
 age number of patients in the hospital daily through the year was 7o, 
 and the highest number at any time was S3. This is the utmost limit 
 in the numbers that can be accommodated. The attending surgeon, 
 Oapt. Calvin De AVitt, assistant surgeon United States Army, has been 
 entirely devoted to his charge, and discharged all his duties to the 
 satisfaction of the commissioners. 
 
 In the month of December, 1881, a reduction of the working force 
 u])on the Home grouu«ls and in the buildings was found to be neces- 
 sary as a i>art of the acticui taken to reduce the current expenses, and 
 all labor upon the driv«'s was <liscontiuued. In a short time it was 
 found that the paving in the gutters was being seriously injured by 
 careless drivers running the wlieels of their vehicles into it wliile the 
 earth was sott, and orders were given to close all the gates but one 
 at the northwest entr;tiic<', aud tlie grounds remained closed in this way 
 until settled weather in the s])riug, and until the working force of in- 
 mates could be again employed to kee}) the drives in order. 
 
 The governor rej)orts that about oo acres of ground hav(» been culti- 
 vated during the i>ast season, and, with the exception of winter c;ib- 
 bage and celery, all the jtroducts were al)undaut and the supply- was 
 sufficient for the use of the inmates throughout the seasoiL 
 
 ]\Iarch 27, 1882, the treasurer of the Home was authwized by the 
 commissioners t() enter into contract with Mr. Thomas T. Keane, a 
 butcher engaged in business in this city, to furnish the Home with 
 meats, he being the lowest bidder under an advertisement previously 
 made, i)ursuant to th(3 instnu'tions of the (rominissiouers given teii 
 months before. Jt was asceitaine«l in the montli of June, ISSl*, that 
 this contract had been annidled by the governor of the Home, and as 
 it was found that the contiactor was then by released from the fidlill- 
 ment of his contract, no action was undertaken toenfor«'e it at the time. 
 Kecently new advertisements have been published, and a new contract
 
 4.'>0 TAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 will, it is cxpectod, soon bo obtained nt favorable rates, wliicli the liigh 
 l)riceR ])revni!inj;' tliroii.^li tlicpast snminerwoiild have made impossible. 
 In the mean time tlie meats have been pro<5iire(l under an ananj^emeut 
 made by the govcrnoi'of the Home witli ])arties IVom whom they were 
 obtained before the eonti-aet was made with IMr." Keane. The other 
 subsistence su])])li<'-s have been obtained from reliable <lealers at favoi-- 
 able rates, which have been controlled by an alteriuitiou of j)atn)iia;;e. 
 The contract system for obtaining subsistence will be applied to all the 
 supjiiics whenever it shall be advantageous to do so. 
 
 The buildings belonging to the ]lome are in good condition, exee[)t 
 in two instances. The dwelling-house on -what is known as the Homo 
 farm M'as occupied by the superintendent of the farm until, in Novem- 
 ber, 1S81, authority was given for his removal to the " Harewood cot- 
 tage," because the farm building had become so dilapidated as to make 
 its oceupaucy unsafe. The building is not worth i-epairing, and will, in 
 the course of a short time, have to bo removed. The library building, 
 though a brick structure, has a great deal of exposed woodwork, which 
 has become seamed by the action of the elements and heat of tlie sun, 
 and will shortly require considerable work for its preservation. Many 
 of the other buildings need ])ainting in some parts, but there has not 
 been funds available for the work. 
 
 In January, 1S82, a subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Mili- 
 tary Affairs, under a resolution of the Senate dated May 20, 1881, en- 
 tered npon an investigation of the a (fairs of the Home, and after prose- 
 cuting the same for about four months, submitted a report May 3, 1882, 
 accompanied by all the testimony taken, and a bill lu-escribing regula- 
 tions for the Home. The report is No. 5ol, first session, Forty-seventh 
 Congress, and the bill (Senate No. 1821) passed the Senate and is now 
 before the House of Kepresentatives. Its provisions, with one excep- 
 tion, appear to be good. Section 4 provides for the payment of pen- 
 sions of inmates who have no families to the treasurer of the Home to 
 be paid to the pensioner on his discharge from the institution. As no 
 discharges can be made except for flagrant misconduct, and of men 
 who, being under fifty years of age, shall recover from their disal)ili- 
 ties, it is not clear what is intended, but will probably apply to all who 
 voluntarily withdraw from the Home, which they are permitted to do at 
 any time, but under existing regulations cannot be readmitted after the 
 second withdrawal. 
 
 On the 30th of June, 1882, Brig, and B\^. Maj. Gen. Joseph K. Barnes, 
 surgeon-general of the Army, was retired fiom active service by tlie 
 operation of a law ai)proved on that date. This retirement carried him 
 from the board of cojumissioners, and he was succeeded by Brig. Gen. 
 Charles H. Crane, on his appointment as surgeon-general. General 
 Barnes was a commissioner of the Home for eighteen years, and presi- 
 dent of the board for thirteen years, aud although liis duties as the 
 chief of the, medical department of the Army demanded unremitting 
 attention, the many important aud valuable improvements made in and 
 added to the property of the Home, under his direction, and the fact 
 that he was present at every monthly meeting of the commissioners, at 
 the Home, ex;cept six, duriug his term of ofdce, attest the jiersonal in- 
 terest and care bestowed l)y him upon the institution. 
 
 The following changes have been made in the detail of officers at the 
 Home since September 30, 1882. 
 
 Lieut. Col. John S. Mason, Twentieth Infantry, brevet brigadier 
 general United States Ariny, was, at his own request, relieved as deputy 
 governor, April 15, 1882, aud was succeeded by Maj. Milton Cogswell,
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 431 
 
 • 
 
 retired (brevet ooloiiel riiitt'»I States Army), who was appointed April 
 18, ISSli. 
 
 Ca]>t. Jonathan 1). Stevenson, Ei»;fhth Cavalry, wa« relieved asseere- 
 tary and treasnrer .Inly 20, 1SS2, on liix own request, on account of ill 
 health, and the duties of the ofticc were performed by Colonel Co^^^swell 
 until September 0, 1881', when Capt. J^enjainin V. Kittenhouse (brevet 
 major United Sates Army) retired, whose ai)pointment was made Au{,^ust 
 L'3," 1882, took full charge. 
 The oflicers now (ui (luty are: 
 
 Col. Samuel D. Sturj;is, Seventh Cavalry (brevet major general), gov- 
 ernor. 
 Maj. Milton Cogswell (brevet colonel), retired, deputy governor. 
 Capt. Benjamin F. Rittenhouse (brevet major), retired, secretary and 
 treasurer. 
 
 Ca[>t. Calvin De Witt, assistant surgeon United States Army, attend- 
 ing surgeon. 
 
 Very respectfullj-, vour obedient servants, 
 
 R. ^rACFEP:LY, 
 Commissary General of Suhfiistence U. S. A. 
 E. C. DRUM, 
 • Adjutant- General U. S. A. 
 C. n. CJiANE, 
 Surgeon- General U. »>'. J.., 
 Commissioners of the iSoldiers^ Home. 
 The Hon. the Secretary or War. 
 
 KEPORT OX CONSTRUCTION OF STATE, AVAR, AND NAVY 
 DEPARTMENTS' BUILDING, 1881. 
 
 Office of Building for State, War, and Navy Depart3ients, 
 Old Building, Navy Department, ITtii Street, 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 1, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I havft the honor to submit my animal report on the construc- 
 tion of the building for State, War, and Navy Dejjartmeuts, in my 
 charge, for the tiscal year ending June oO, 1882, as follows: 
 
 No appropriation having yet been made for the west and center wings, 
 all operations were cojihned to the north wing, continuing without in- 
 terruption throughout the year. Some delay has, however, been o(;- 
 casioued by the failure of contractors to deliver mat^'rials within the 
 time required by their contracts, notably those for tlie cast-iron finish 
 of windows, doors, &c., and for the juarblc tiles for corridor floor. 
 
 At the beginning of the fiscal year all of the masonry of walls and 
 floors was complete, and also the greater i)art of the iron work of the 
 roof. The work u])on the latter was continued steadily and was finally 
 completed on Septend)er 7. The slating was nearly finished about one 
 week later, and the water-i)roof copper covering commenced' upon the 
 concrete and mortar surfacing which had followed up the iron work 
 after July 27. The entire roof was essentially finished on N(>vember 30. 
 
 Work uj^on the heating ai)i)aratns with all the incid<'ntal air <lucts, 
 water sui)ply, steam-boiler, pumj), tanks, &<;., was begun on July 1. 
 It was practically comideti'd January o, and was used for heating' the 
 building during the operations of the winter. 
 
 The cast-iron finish, consisting of window and door frames, casuigs, 
 and trimmings, and the washboards and stair strings, throughout the
 
 432 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 • 
 building, was begun l).y the contractors early in August, and, as above 
 stated, has itrogressed slowly in their hands. It is now, however, com- 
 pleted excepting some stair strings, the main entrance doors, and many 
 of the doors and windows of tlie sulvV)asenient or cellar; but the ma- 
 terial for these deficient i)arts is mostly on hand, so that no further de- 
 lay to tlie progress of tlie Imilding from this ciiuse is anticipated. 
 
 The work of iron furring, lathing, and i)artitions was commenced in 
 the building by the cojitractors on August 20 and liuished during the 
 Avinter. It included the soifits, coffers, and skylight architraves of the 
 domes of the two main stairways, the interior of the roof of the centre pa- 
 vilion, and thirty-one iron stud partitions. 
 
 The granite work of the two main stairways was set in place as fast 
 as the (;onlractor delivered it, between ^November 10 and March 13. 
 
 Tlie tlooiing of rooniis and corridors of all the princii)al stories consists 
 of concrete, with a thin wooden covering in the rooms, and marble tiles 
 in the coiTidors. The attic rooms are generally floored with Portland 
 cement mortar and the attic halls with marble tiles, m hile the sub-base- 
 ment floor is paved with bricks on edge. The floors of the attic, fourth 
 story, third story, and sub basement are finished excepting the tiling of 
 a small i)art of the fourth-story cori'idor and all of the third-story cor- 
 ridor. About one-half of the woocien flooring of the second-story rooms 
 is laid. Proposals were opened on June 30 for furnishing and laying 
 parquetry floors in two rooms in this story during the mouth of Septem- 
 ber next. 
 
 All of the doors fortlie attic story have been delivered by the contractor 
 and are hung in place, and nearly all of the sashes of tlie building, ex- 
 cept the sub basement, have been glazed and hung. 
 
 Work upon the passenger elevator has been commenced and it is ex- 
 pected to be liuished in good season. 
 
 The plastering and stucco work of tbe entire building was let to the 
 lowest bidder for furnishing the labor and tools required, while the 
 government furnished the materials, hoisting, scafltblding, &c. The 
 Avork has been accomplished in a most thorough and satisfactory man- 
 ner. It was actively commenced on January 10, and was nearly finished 
 by June 1, since which date it has been delayed by the cast-iron work 
 on washboards and stair strings. All that now remains to be done, 
 however, is the white-coating of the basement corridor walls and the 
 walls of the main stairway wells. 
 
 While the above especially mentioned classes of work have been going 
 on, all other principal materials and tuanufactured articles — including the 
 passenger elevator — necessary to the entire completion of the building, 
 have been placed under contract for immediate deUvery, excepting the 
 tire-place grates, the fresco painting of the Secretary's rooms, and the 
 parquetry floor above mentioned. Proposals for all but the grat-es are 
 now" under advertisement, and the latter will be advertised for in a few 
 days. 
 
 The running of gas-pipes and nearly all of the plumbing work have 
 been completed; the wood, slate, and marble work of water-closets is 
 well advanced; the painting throughout the building is about one-third 
 finished ; a complete system of leaden i)ipes and other arrangements 
 for running concealed dectric wires throughout the building has been 
 put in place; the flow system of main hot-Avater pipes in the heating 
 ai)paratus has been protected with a non-conducting covering; and the 
 work of cleaning and pointing the stone work of the exterior of the 
 building, now in" progress, is about one-third finished. 
 
 The contractors for furnishing the bronze balusters for the main stair-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 433 
 
 ways failed to deliver any of them on May 1, ae(.'or(lin<; totbeir contract, 
 and the first lot which finally- arrived had to be rejected as below the re- 
 quirements of the contract. It is not now expecttxl to receive the lial- 
 usters required, before October 1, after whi(;h the inaho<cany stair-rail- 
 inpr, now all ready for its place, will i)e i>ut in ])0sitiun on tlie stairs. It 
 is hoped that this will not materially delay the linal completion of the 
 building. 
 
 In the ofiGce the drawings of the approaches of this Aving, comprising 
 a large amount of tine stone work, have been i)rei)ared nady for use 
 when the small apjiropriatiun, nee<led in addition to the funds on 
 hand, shall have been made ior their consiruction. 
 
 By order of the War Department, dated November 30, 1881, the small 
 room in the sub-basement, under the west stairway well, was turned 
 over to the Ciiief Signal Ofticer, as a repository for a standard clock, 
 and a special t'ier of brick masonry inclosed in a wooden non-conduct- 
 ing case, was constructed by this ollice at the expense of the Signal Of- 
 fice. 
 
 The work now remaining to be done to complete the building, exclu- 
 sive of the ai)proachos, consists mainly of tiooring, tiling, water-closet 
 casings, elevator, main stuir-railing, j)arquetry tiooring, fresco jiainting, 
 chandeliers, mantels and grates, hanging of doors, jjainting, the putting 
 in position of iron door and window frames of the sub-basement, and 
 construction of a hydraulic area lift in the court-yard. 
 
 Following is a list of contracts in fon-e at the be^iinning of the year, 
 those entered into during the year, and those now in force : 
 
 Date of I 
 contraat.i 
 
 Subject of c«ntra«t. 
 
 Contractor. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 j Prrs<;nt con- 
 dition. 
 
 . 1«80. 
 July 10 
 10 
 Xov. 5 
 
 1881. 
 Xov. 5 
 
 May a 
 
 10 
 
 Jiiup, 3 
 
 Ceinfnt 
 
 Siind 
 
 Iron work of roof, &o 
 
 Cut j^auite for stiiii'ways. . 
 
 Boilers, tanks, &c., for 
 
 bi'atinjr apji.-iral us. 
 Cast-iioii flanjie jiipo. Sec, 
 
 tor fa.-atiii}j Jippardtas. 
 Fittirip;!!, va ve's, &,c., for 
 
 lieatinff apjiaratus. 
 Caitt-iron door and window 
 
 liui:ili aud wash-boards. 
 
 Iron furriii;!. and latbing 
 and partitions. 
 
 Wron;rht iron pii>p 
 
 6 Sheet "copper aud iron 
 
 27 Lumber lor flooiH 
 
 July 1 ' iIalio^;aiiv aud l)lack wal- 
 nut luiiibi<r. 
 18 Paint.s, oUs.eoIors.bniHheH, 
 
 ! JU-. 
 18 1 1'olishod plato.dotible (liiek, 
 and hammered );la.ss. 
 
 .<?ept. 1 s-nd.: : 
 
 Oct. 27 , Lim^ 
 
 27 , Ox bair and white .sand 
 
 27 I'bi.sterof paria 
 
 27 ; Fuel 
 
 Xov. o i Br<inz(; balu.stcraand newd 
 j poHts. 
 20 I riaHt<irin;;aiidslu(>co work 
 1882 I 
 Jan. '25 Hair felt pipe covering. .. . 
 
 J. G. & J. IT. Waters... I 
 
 John B. Lord •. 
 
 J. B. & J. M. ComoU.. 
 
 Concord Granite Com- 
 pany. 
 Bartlett, Hay ward &. Co. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Joseph Hall &, Co. 
 
 $."?,4no.. 
 
 $079.12.. 
 $71, 380 . 
 
 $15, 984 . 
 
 $7,108.. 
 
 $12, 148. 
 
 $8,698.. 
 
 Dwight fcHoyt 
 
 Xatioual Tube Works. 
 
 C O. Iliissey At Co 
 
 E. E. JackNOD vV Co 
 
 Uauiel A. Hall 
 
 Geo. Ryneal, jr 
 
 Edwaid A. Boyd 
 
 John B. Lord 
 
 'Win. C'aininnck | 
 
 Marv E. Godov I 
 
 JoHepb M. Wllcatlov....: 
 
 Wmi. n. Itauni I 
 
 E. lleury i Itunuard ...^ 
 
 EzeUiel Smith 
 
 $47, 836, for doors 
 and window.^, 05. 
 80, $1. aud .|l.oO 
 per fool of wash- 
 board. 
 
 $I1,2U1.59 , 
 
 .$2,o;!3 
 
 The S,".lauuinder Felting 
 Company. 
 
 $fi. .Wl.DS 
 
 $3, KtC. .I.'i 
 
 $3,62X.44 
 
 $1,,')8P,.85 
 
 $2,231 
 
 00 i-eiits per cnbic yd 
 
 $1.220.50 
 
 ;M,".(' 
 
 $2, Id. Irt 
 
 S2. >-!»7. 07 
 
 $0,011 
 
 $15, 800, estimated... 
 $659.05 
 
 Completed. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 In force. 
 
 Completed. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Da 
 
 Do. 
 
 In Cf>rc«. 
 
 Do. 
 Completed. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 In force. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Completed. 
 
 28 Ab
 
 434 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 24 
 24 
 
 Apr. 21 
 •26 
 26 
 
 May 10 
 10 
 10 
 25 
 
 June 8 
 
 Subject of contract. 
 
 MaboKaiiy ;"itl ])ino iloora. 
 lirouzo h.i: ilwaio . : 
 
 Kydraiilic (^levator 
 
 Sliif(i tliKir tlasjH. ui'inal 
 
 mountings, antl sink 
 
 l.advs. 
 Wliito niaf1)lo basin slabs 
 
 aud ba(^k.s. 
 Marblo tilus, border and 
 
 door sbibs. 
 
 Lp.iri sash weights 
 
 rtctnri) rods aud Hxtnres. 
 
 GaB tixtiirea 
 
 Marblo mantels 
 
 do 
 
 dn 
 
 (Jaw cliandolicrs 
 
 pjle vatur Iron ts 
 
 Area elevator 
 
 Contractor. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 PrpHRnt con- 
 dition. 
 
 A. IT. AndrcwH .t Co... 
 
 IJoyikiiis and Di(rkinson 
 Mamilacturijig Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Otis Bros. &Co 
 
 Einil FritHch 
 
 Clia.s. E. Hall & Co . 
 
 ifS. i.w... 
 
 $;i, 113. 10. 
 
 Vorniont Marble Cora- 
 
 itanv. 
 Jas. H. McGill ......... 
 
 .Tos(si)b Nouiuann ..'.... 
 
 Mitibcll, Vance & Co.. 
 
 Adolpli Klabi'r 
 
 A. L. Faiu-bere &. Co.. 
 
 Cha.s. E. Hall & Co 
 
 C(M-)ieliu.'^i (jo 
 
 Miinly aud (!oo])ftr Man- 
 
 iiiVictuiing Company. 
 Geo. C. Howard 
 
 $1.5, .'iiio 
 
 $1,1:5:3.00 
 
 .$141 
 
 $6, 602. 87, estimated 
 
 .$1,021.11.. 
 $1,(101). :'.(».. 
 $1,401. 2.5.. 
 
 $1,508 
 
 .$2,012 
 
 $1, S2U 
 
 $0,670 
 
 $1,450 
 
 $700 
 
 Ill force. 
 
 Do. 
 
 D... 
 Coiniilcted. 
 
 Do 
 
 In force. 
 
 Completed. 
 In force. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 PROBABLE OPERATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR lS82-'83. 
 
 It is expected to complete tlie north wing' of the bnildiiiij, except the 
 approache.s, and liaveit ready I'or occupancy by December 25, 1882, and 
 to commence work on the approaches before that time. Shoukl the ap- 
 propriation of $100,000 now asked for to complete the approaches be 
 granted at this session of Congress, it is expected that the season will 
 not have become so far advanced as to prevent the delivery of the cut 
 granite and the flagging, all of which have yet to be put under contract, 
 early enough to enable the approaches to be entirely completed in the 
 fall of 1883. 
 
 STATEMENT OF FUNDS. 
 
 Total amount expended to July 1, 1882, on n,ortb wing $1,662, 918 02 
 
 Balance of appropriu,tion on liand July 1, 1882 215, 0(52 58 
 
 New appropriatiou required +0 complete the north wing approachss.. 100, 000 00 
 
 WEST AND CENTRE WINGS. 
 
 No appropriation has yet been made for these wings — the last now 
 required to complete the building. An estimate of $450,000 was sub- 
 mitted in my last annual report, which amount, if appropriated at the 
 present session of Congress, will enable contracts to be made for a com- 
 mencement upon tlie preparation of cut granite. For the fiscal year 
 ending June 30, 1884, however, the sum of $500,000 should be appro- 
 priated to enable the work of clearing the site, laying foundations, and 
 building the walls of the lower stories to be carried on, aud to prevent 
 delay or interruption in the preparation of cut granite. 
 
 THOS. LINCOLN CASEY, 
 Lieutenant- Colonel Corps of jEng^ineers, 
 
 United States Army, in charge. 
 
 Hon. Egbert T. Lincoln, 
 
 Secretary of War.
 
 KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAK. 435 
 
 BEPOKT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. 
 
 Office of the Chief of Engineers, 
 
 United States Army, 
 }Ya8hington, D. C, October 10, 18S2. 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to present for your information the following 
 report upon the duties and operations of the Engineer Department for 
 the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882 : 
 
 officers of the corps of engineers. 
 
 The number of officers holding commissions in the Corps of Engineers, 
 United States Army, at the end of the fiscal year was 101 on the active 
 list and 9 on the retired list; the latter, however, nnder tbe law of Janu- 
 ary IJl, 1870, not being available for duty. 
 
 Since the last annual report the Corps has lost, by death and retire- 
 ment, six of its ofiicers : Lieut. Col. Nathaniel Michl«r, who died at 
 Saratoga Springs, N. Y., July 17, 18S1; Maj. Charles W. Howell, who 
 died at New Orleans, La., April 5, 1882 ; Maj. William J. Twining, who 
 died at Washington, D. C, May 5, 1882; Lieut. Col. Eobert^. William- 
 son, who was retired June 23, 1882, in conformity with provisions of 
 section 12i>l, Revised Statutes; and Cols. Henry W. Benham aiid John 
 N. Macomb, who were retired June 30, 1882, under the provisions of 
 section 1 of the act of Congress approved June 30, 1882. 
 
 There have been added to the Corps, by promotion of graduates of the 
 Military Academy, one second lieutenant and two additional second 
 lieutenants, whose commissions date from June 13, 18S2, but who did 
 not become available for duty until alter the close of the year, and are, 
 therefore, not included in the strength of the Corps. 
 
 On the .30th of June, 1882, the officers were distributed as follows : 
 
 On duty, Office Chief of En <jjinefcr8, inclnding the Chief 4 
 
 On duty, fortifications and li^ht-house duty 1 
 
 On duty, fortificati<in8 and river and harbor works 1I{ 
 
 On duty, fortifications, river and luubor worl<s, and lifjlit-houso duty 1 
 
 On duty, fortiiicatious, river and harbor works, and "The Mississippi River Cora- 
 mission" 1 
 
 Oil duty, Board of Engineers 1 
 
 On duty, Board of Engineers and river and liarbor vrorka 1 
 
 On duty, Board of Engineers, fortifieations, and river and harbor works 2 
 
 On duty, Board of Eujjiueeis, fortifications, river and harbor works, and light- 
 house duty 1 
 
 On duty, Board of Engineers, Battalion of Engineers, and fortifications 1 
 
 Ou duty, river and liarlior works 31 
 
 On duty, riyr and harbor works, light-house duty, and "Tlie Mississippi River 
 
 Commissi 'Jii" 1 
 
 Ou duty, river and harbor works and light-houst duty y 
 
 Ou duty, ^survey of northern and northwestern lakes and "The Mississippi River 
 
 Commission" 1 
 
 On duty, jetties at mouth of Mississippi Rivor, fortifications, and light-house 
 
 duty 1 
 
 On duty with Battalion of Engine< ra 10 
 
 Oil spcci.nl duly in Eniojie 1 
 
 On stalf of General eominanding Department, and on river and harbor works 1 
 
 On con8trucli"n of building for State, War, and Navy Dej)aitnient3, Washington 
 
 Aqueduct, and conslruction of Washington National Monument 1 
 
 On duty, fortiiicatious, river and harbor Works, and construction of Yorktown 
 
 Monument 1 
 
 Detached, on duty with the Oenmil of the Army, Generals commanding Divisions 
 and Dej»artni!fnt8, iJglit-hiMisf Establislinunt, Military Academy, the Board of 
 Commissioners of the District of Columbia, "Tlie Mississii)pi River Commis- 
 sion," and on special duty in Europe 28
 
 436 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THK 
 
 The officers detadicd were on dutj' as follows : 
 
 Col. Willijini F. IxayuoldH, etifiincer fourth liglit-liousc district 1 
 
 Lieut. Col. J. C. l)uaiie, cii<i;inc<r tliinl liglit.-liouHe diHtrict 1 
 
 Jjieiit. Col. O. M. V(h; on shill" of General of tins Army 1 
 
 Miij. O. E. BalK'ock, engineer tiltii light-bouse diHtrict 1 
 
 Maj. P, C. Ha ins, engineer .sixth light-houBe district 1 
 
 Maj. F. U. Farqnhar, engineer Hecretary to Light-House Board 1 
 
 Maj. G. J. Lyclecker, Engineer Connnis.sioner District of Colninhia 1 
 
 Maj. W. A. .Jones, ou stall' of Major-General coniniaiidiiig Division of th« Pacific. 1 
 
 Capt. \V. K. Livcrniore, on staft Of Connnanding General Dej)artiiieut of Texas .. 1 
 
 Capt, J. F. Gregory, on start' of Lieutenant-Geueral, Division of the Missouri 1 
 
 Capt. C. E. L. li. Davis, engineer tenth light-house district 1 
 
 Capt. G. M. AVlK'cler, in connection with Third luternational Exliibitiou of Geog- 
 raphy at Venice, Italy 1 
 
 Capt8. J. G. D. Kniglit and W. L. Marshall, in charge and disburbiug oflicers of 
 
 Avorks under "The Mississippi River Conimi.ssiou" 2 
 
 Capt. W. S. Stanton and Lieut. H. S. Taber, on duty with Company E, Battalion 
 
 of Engineers, and at Military Academy 2 
 
 Lieuts. Eric Bergiand, Willard Young, S.*W. Roessler, and J. L. Lusk, on duty at 
 
 the Mi lit ary Academy 4 
 
 Ca])t. R. L. Hoxic and Lieut. F. V. Greene, assistants to Engineer Conunissioner 
 
 of the D'strict of Columbia 2 
 
 Lieut. G. J. Fiebeger, on statf of Commanding General, Department of Arizona.. 1 
 Lieut. D. C. Kingman, ou stafif of Commanding General, Department of the 
 
 Platte » 1 
 
 Lieut. T. N. Bailey, on staff of Commanding General, Department of the Missouri . 1 
 Lieut. T, "VV. Symons, on staff of Commanding General, Department of the Co- 
 lumbia 1 
 
 Capt. C. B. Sears, executive officer of " The Mississippi River Commission," assist- 
 ant and secretary to the committee on construction, and disbursing oliicer under 
 
 the Commission 1 
 
 Lieut. S. S. Leach, secretary and disbursing officer of " The Mississipj)! Ri^er 
 
 Commission " 1 
 
 28 
 SEA-COAST AND LAKE-FRONTIER DEFENSES. 
 
 No appro) >riatioiis for new works or for the modification of onr exist- 
 ing sea-coast defenses have been made for many years. These latter 
 consist of two classes — casemate defenses and earthen defenses. Onr 
 casemate defenses, than which there were none stronger in the world in 
 their time, were built in the days of smooth-bore guns, and when wooden 
 walls were the only protection of guns afloat; but the masonry scari)S 
 of these defenses, long since out of date, would not adequately resist 
 the fire of the powerful rified guns with which the powers of Europe 
 have armed their ships of war, and the casemates or gutj-rooras are 
 too small in all their dimensions for the use of modern sea-coast artillery. 
 The fronts of modern casemated works are either constructed entirely 
 of iron, or haA'e massive shields of iron for the protection of guns and 
 gunners. AVe have not a single work of either kind. 
 
 The parapets and traverses of earthen batteries, when constructed of 
 thicknesses now deemed sufficient by military engineers, require grt*at de- 
 velopment of space, many times greater than formerly, and the sites at 
 the headlands and within many of oirr harbors suitable for the defense 
 of our cities, navy-yards, and arsenals of supply by means of such bat- 
 teries are comparatively few. Most of these sites are now occupied by 
 earthworks, some of which were constructed many years ago. TJieir 
 parapets are thin, their traverses are not high enough or thick enough 
 to meet the requirements of a good defense, and some are without any 
 traverses whatever, and are antitpiated and inetficient. While the re- 
 maining number of oiu* earthen batteries are comi)arativ<'ly modern 
 and have thick parapets, high and thick bonneted traverses, well-pro- 
 tected magazine and shell rooms, and platforms adapted for modern can-
 
 Rp:rORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 437 
 
 noil, they were but ])artially finished when Congress ceased to make 
 appropriations for fortifications, and they are fast being destroyed by 
 the elements by reason of their inconipletiou. 
 
 In respect of submarine mines or tor])edoes we are better prepared, 
 altlioiigh much remains to be done to make this part of our system 
 complete, as will be seen further on. Although torpedoes cannot be re- 
 lied upon alone to exclude the war ships of an enemy, for the reason 
 that if he is not exposed to the fire of fortifiations on shore he can by 
 means of his boats grapple for and remove the tori)edoes at his leisure, 
 they are an indisjiensable adjunct to fortifications in modern harbor de- 
 fense. As many torpedoes as the appropriations for the purpose have 
 allowed have been purchased and stored in the fortifications of some of 
 our principal harbors, ready to be jilanted in their channels and fairways 
 and considerable numbers of electrical instruments for firing them from 
 the shore have also been acquired. Whde this has been done, and the 
 plans of the torpedo lines and groups have been prepared for some of the 
 most important of our harbors, they could not successfully be utilized in 
 the event of war for the want of the subterranean masonry galleries 
 leading from th^ fortifications to low- water which are necessary for car- 
 rying the wires connecting the torpedo lines with the electrical instru- 
 ments on shore. These instruments must be placed in chambers within 
 the fortifications, hidden from the enemy's view and protected from his 
 shot and shell. Xor have the chambers themselves been constructed, 
 except in a very few instances, for the reason that appropriations have 
 not been made for them, although this department has for some years 
 past, in its annual reports, presented the impolicy of delaying these im- 
 ])ortant constructions until the breaking out of foreign war. 
 
 In former elaboraie reports from this department, esi)ecially the re- 
 ports tor the years 1880 an<l 1881, it has been endeavored to invoke the 
 attention to our unproparedness for war, and to show that modern for- 
 tifications require many years for their construction, and that we are 
 icmost utterly lackfng in such fortifications; that neither our geograph- 
 alal position, nor our forbearance, nor the equity of our policy, can avail 
 to prevent our being engaged, sooner or later, in foreign war; that when 
 war comes in these days, it often comes suddenly; that to be prepared 
 for war is often to prevent it; that some of the richest of our cities and 
 the most iini)ortant of our navy-yards and arsenals of supply for our 
 armies are within easy reach of the naval depots of some of the most 
 powerful of maritime nations, and that in a few days after the declara- 
 tion of war it is possible for the enemy's fleets to run into our harbors 
 and in a few hours destroy iirimense amounts of the property, which, under 
 present conditions would be ex])osed to his shot and shell, and which 
 has been estimated at 82,000,000,000; that, however powerful in num- 
 bers and valor our armies may be, without the aid of fortifications and 
 their accessories they cannot j)revent the destruction of our seaboard 
 cities by the shii)s of a maritime foe, and that, while reliance can be had 
 in no other mode of defense, a defense by fortifications and torpedoes is 
 the most efficient, the most enduring, and the least expensive. 
 
 Our present system of sea-coast defense is the same as that which has 
 been steadily pursued by this dej)artment from the first, excepting the 
 changes whieh have been brought about l)y tiie introduction of tor]te- 
 does into modein warfare (and these have added much more to the de- 
 fense than to the attack), l)utour fortificatimis must l)e made very much 
 sti'onger than formerly. The conditions which must be tilled by this 
 system may be stated as follows: 
 
 Efficient fortifications must command from the shores exterior to our
 
 438 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 harbors all tlio waters from wliicli tlio onciny can rojicli our i-WwH and 
 navy-yards with liis sliot and .slKill; llic liarbor mouMis jiimI all tln^ nar- 
 row i)aHses within them mn«t also b^ occupied, and if nuture has not 
 aflbrdcd all the ])osition.s deemed refjuisite, othei.s must, if ])racticable, 
 be formed artili(;ial!y, so that the enemy may nowhere Jind .slu'lt«!r from 
 our lire wliile lyinj;' within our harbors, should he snceeed in jjassiug 
 the outer lines of works. The harl)or months and channels must be 
 obstructed by lines of electrical torpedoes for holding the enemy's ves- 
 sels under fire of the fortifications. Tliese must be previously con- 
 structed and stored in the latter, and laid, on the advent of war, in 
 systems, the i)lans of which have been carefully elaborated in time of 
 peace by studies of the local charts and tidal currents, each harbor 
 having its own system recorded in this department. The wires for con- 
 ducting!: the current from the electric apparatus on shore must at the 
 same time be laid securely in subterranean galleries, carried out to 
 low-water, and the electric machines themselves must be }>laced in 
 chambers within the fortifications, hidden from the enemy, aiul secured 
 beyond all peradveuture from his direct and curved fire. These gal- 
 leries and chambers must be covered with heavy masonry arches and 
 great masses of earth, and the former, to be effitiient, nnist be indu- 
 rated, and the latter compacted by time. The tor])edo lines must be 
 served by officers selected from the Engineers and Artillery, assisted 
 by detachments from a torpedo cor])S of intelligent and skilled Engineer 
 soldiers, and both officers and men must be thoroughly instructed in 
 the theory and practice of electricity and tori)edo obstructions, for they 
 must know how to render the torpedoes instantly harmless for our own 
 vessels or active against an enemy's. Heavy mortars must be placed in 
 large numbers to command all those positions where an enemy is likely 
 to anchor within their range, either for the purpose of tampering with 
 or destroying our torpedo lines, or shelling our cities and public depots 
 of military and naval supplies. The efficiency of mortar batteries 
 against shipping is acknowledged by all military engineers; it is fully 
 aijpreciated by the navies of all nations, and they are comparatively 
 inexpensive. Our guns and mortars must be capable of piercing the 
 sides of his iron-clads and of breaking in his decks, and they must be 
 mounted in numbers sufficient to make it impossible for any of his fast- 
 running war steamers to get past our works. 
 
 That our actual sea-coast defenses are farfrom filling these conditions 
 is evident from what has preceded, and to this it may be added that our 
 fortifications, such as they are, are but i)artially armed, even with the 
 old ordnance ; many of our gun batteries -are without guns, and our 
 mortar batteries are without mortars; we have no carriages for barbette 
 guns of large size, except those which require tiie cannoneers to mount 
 the parapet to load, thus exposing them to be picked off in detail by an 
 enemy's sharpshooters; and we have less than two hundred Engineer 
 soldiers for torpedo and all other engineer service, Avhile five hundred 
 and twenty is the least number which should be available to supply the 
 detachments required for torpedo duty alone in our fortified harbors. 
 
 It is believed that there is hardly any civilized nation so illy jjrepared 
 for war, as far as maritime defenses are concerned, as the United States. 
 The European powers have not neglected to avail themselves of the re- 
 sults ©f their extended experiments and of the experience gained in 
 modern wars, and they have expended large sums of money in the use 
 of iron for their coast defenses, both in the form of turrets and of straight 
 scarps, and to a limited degree in the construction of earthworks of 
 great strength.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 439 
 
 It may be that we are wiser than tbey in leaviu;;' tbe question «»f coast 
 defense in abeyance; buttlie coin'inrent Judgmont and actions of nearly 
 all other civilized countries resjiccting tiscir own dangers does not war- 
 rant this opinion. 
 
 In this connection attention is invitctl to a ineliniinary rei)ort, which 
 is appended hereto, by Lieutenant IJixl>y, Corps of l-^ngineers, who, liy 
 your direction, has visited most of the inaiitiine countries of Europe for 
 the ])urpose of ])rocuriug certain information res]>ecting their use of 
 iron in sea-coast defenses. (8ee appendix .'3, page 435.) 
 
 Tlie estimates submitted, based on the several e>ti mates of the ofBcera 
 in charge, exhibit tlie amounts which are deeuied necessary for the com- 
 mencement, the continuance, and the completion of the several works 
 of delense during the next iiscal year. 
 
 Attention is invited to the estimate of $100,00t) for continuing the 
 purchase of torpedoes, to be stored in our fort iticatioi*s, and jilanted, on 
 the advent of war, in the channels and fairways of our imrbors, and for 
 providing such i)Ortions of the electric apparatus by which the torpedo 
 lines are to be tired as cannot readily be obtained in the event of sud- 
 den hostilities. The material is not liable to deteriorate, and in the 
 judgment of the Board of Engineers for Fortitit;ations not less than 
 $100,000 should be expended annually for several years to <'omc in pro- 
 viding these most necessary supplies. 
 
 Attention is also invited to the item of $200,000 lor preparing our most 
 impgrtant fortitications for operating torpedo lines, by providing bo^nb- 
 proof chambers for the electrical a])paratus, and the bomb-proof subter- 
 ranean galleries through which the electric wires are to be (tarried to 
 deep water; all these being essential to the oi)eration of the torpetlo 
 system of defense in connection with the Ibrtiticatious themselves. Tlie 
 Board of Engineers for Fortitications, whose suggestive and valuable 
 report will be found on page 411, urges its views on this important 
 matter as follows: 
 
 Tho debate in Congress njion the bill making provision for the cnrrenr year renders 
 it evident that the vast iraportuuce of preparing our forts t'ov siuce.'^sfully operating 
 and defending the torpedoes was not understood. Without sucliiireiiaration it would 
 •be of little n.se to have them in readiness. They are all couUolled by electricity. To 
 convey the electrical current insulated wires must, extend from a si-oure bomb-proof 
 to each torpedo. If the^^e wires are not buried so deeply in the i-arth a^ to bo out of 
 the reach of hostile artillery fire, a single lui.ky shot may destroy tlie powor of ex- 
 ploding all the mines, and hence may open the channel to the I'liemy. Very low of 
 on r forts are providrd with theso, bomb-proof operating-rooUiS and riiblc-shafts and 
 galleries, and a spe(i;:l approi)riatiou is required for constructing them. After the 
 breaking out of war the needful time would be lacking, and this nnitter cannot be 
 urged in too strong language. The cost will be small — jirob.ibly s20O,0O0 would 
 cover the more iniijortant stations on the Atlantic coast— and it is recommended that 
 a special item for tliis purpose be inserted in the l)ill f.ir the coming year. Tln-se 
 preparations are as necessary to our toi-jjcdoes as triggers are to our rided muskets; 
 in fact, they may jierform a like function. 
 
 I beg leave to quote from the same report the views of the Board of 
 Engineers tor Fiutitications respecting the necessity for Lncreasiug the 
 number of enbsted men in the Battalion of Engineers: 
 
 Eefore any reasouable expectation of successfully defending our coast with torpe- 
 does cau bo entertained another nuitter should reeeivi! attention. Torpedoes will not 
 plant and operate lheui.sel ves. Tiiis must bn dom^ by .soldiers spefjuily trainod in the 
 use of electricity and instructed in certain ditlieiilt and delicate mechanical opera- 
 tions, lu every nation this duty is dev<dved ujion the Engineer troojjs. and Congre^w 
 ba.s made the same jirovision f\u- our .service. The iiattalion orgaui/.aiiou jirovidiil by 
 law '3 suQiolent for tiio ])Mrpo.se; but the restriction of the total enlisted tbree of the 
 Army to 'J.5,000 men, and the jirc^-ing need of troops to ]jtrforiu ]iolifc duty auiongtUo 
 Indiansou the plains, has so ri-dueed tin- authorized strengih of the Hatlalion thatlmly 
 about 100 men are under instruction for defending our whole sea-coust unU luke frontier.
 
 440 PAFKIia ACCOMPANYING THE • 
 
 Tliisdifilciiltv is best, met by tliei)lan sugf^estod l)y tbefJenernl of (ho Army in 1879, viz,' 
 to ))lacotlio KngiiK-rrlrooiisiipoii llicsuiiic, lootiiiir ;is loi'fcriiitiii^r ji.h iIjo Signal Service 
 men. Tin- latUu' ar'^ not included in lho2'),0U0 men to whicli llie .sln-ngtb of the Army 
 is rostrietcd by law. A provision to this effect would allow the President to recruit the 
 Battalion to a niaxinmiu streu;',!!! of 7;)2 men, which would be snrtieicnt for jmisent 
 needs. These ni<m are exeellent liuldiers, Ihoronjcbly instructed and diseij)lined, and 
 inferior to no othejs in the service. In tbe comjidtition last year for the Nevada 
 trophy, ofiered for i-xccdlenco in niarksmnnship, and ojien to the entire Army, one of 
 the Enffineer eouipaiiies took the second place. These troops are as available as any 
 others for nse .-is infantry in any sudden emergency, while their si)eeial training and 
 knowledge as the Torpedo Corps of the Army would make them of inestimable value 
 tihonld our coasts be attacked iiy a niiritime power. This increase would be restricted 
 entirely to enlisted men. and would involve an expenue insignificant in proportion to 
 tlie interests involved. 
 
 Tlie forej?oinjj^ o])inions of the Board of Engineers for Fortifications on 
 the important questions just referred to, have my hearty concnrrence. 
 
 I slioiild add tlint for some years past the sura of $175,000 has been 
 annually a|)i)ro)>riated for tlie protection, preservation, and rei)air of 
 our fort ill cations, whicli more than any other national structures, with 
 the exce])tion, perhaps, of light-houses, are subject to the destructive 
 and deteriorating- etfects of tlie sea. The same amount will be found in 
 the estimates for tlie next fiscal year. 
 
 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 
 
 Officer in charge, Lieut. Col. Thomas Lincoln Casey, Corps of Engi- 
 neers. 
 
 The funds appropriated for the Washington Aqueduct for the past 
 year were simply for its repair and maintenance and the necessary over- 
 sight, to insure a regular supply of water to the city. 
 
 During the year the level of the water in the distributing reservoir 
 Av as raised to reference (140') above datum, and the quantity of overflow 
 from this reservoir at the close of June was close upon 30,000,000 of 
 gallons for twenty-four hours. 
 
 The estimates of the officer in charge for the fiscal year ending June 
 30, 1884, are as follows : 
 
 For engineering, maintenance, repairs, and con.stniction $55,000 00 
 
 By direction of the Secretary of War, the charge of the Washington 
 Aqueduct was, August 11, 1882, transferred to Maj, G. J. Ly decker, 
 Corps of Engineers, Engineer Commissioner of the District of Columbia ; 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Casey being relieved at his own request. 
 
 IMPEOVEMENT AND CARE OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND 
 GROUNDS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 Officer in charge, Col. A. F. Eockwell, TJ. S. A. 
 
 In addition to the care extended to the public grounds in the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia necessary for their proi>er maintenance, snch marked 
 j)rogress was made in the grounds south of the Executive Mansion as 
 to cause them to present quite an inviting and park-like appearance. 
 A most satisfactory improvement was made in Mount Vernon Square 
 by the removal of the asphaltum carriage-ways formerly traversing it, 
 and the small triangular reservation at the intersectionsof Ehode Island 
 avenue and Ninth and Q streets northwest was graded, planted, and 
 jjroperl^ inclosed.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECEETARY OF WAK. 441 
 
 Attention is invited to the dftailed report of the officer in charge, and 
 his estimates for the coming fiscal year are recommended, as follows: 
 
 For improvemeut and care of public bnililiugs and (grounds SlS^-J, 500 00 
 
 For compeusatioii of persons einploved on and around public buildings 
 
 and grounds '. 48,400 00 
 
 For continf^ent and incidental fcxpcuKcs 50(j 00 
 
 For rent of oflice public buildings and grounds .- 600 00 
 
 232,0(X> 00 
 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 
 
 This Commission, organized under the provisions of the act of June 
 28, 1879, re])(»rts to and receives instructions from the Secretary of War 
 through this office. 
 
 Information regarding the progress of the Commission in its duties 
 was transmitted to Congress, as required by the above act, in a report 
 daced November 21, 1881, which was printed as Senate Ex. Doc. No. 10, 
 Forty-seventh Congress, first session. 
 
 Tliis r(])ort of the Commission, exclusive of its appendixes, together 
 with a minority report of ^Nlr. James B. Eads, a member of the Com- 
 mission, is attached. And also the message of the President of April 
 17, 1882, transmitting to Congress a letter from the Secretary of War, 
 inclosing a reconinicudation from tlie ]Mississii)pi Kiver Commission 
 that an appropriation of $1,010,000 might be made for closing existing 
 gaps in levees in addition to the like sum for which an estimate had 
 already been submitted. This was printed as Senate Ex. Doc. No. 159. 
 
 MILITARY, GEOGRAPHICAL, AND LAKE SURVEY MAPS. 
 In the Office of the Chief of Engineers. 
 
 The compilation of the new outline map of the Territory of the United 
 States west of the Mississippi, scale v. trs o-itoit? ^^^ been completed; the 
 northwestern sheet has been engraved on stone, and considerable prog- 
 ress has been made in engraving the southeastern and southwestern 
 sheets. 
 
 The compilation of a new outline map of the United States on a scale 
 <^>f sTToinnTo has been commenced, and some progress made. 
 
 The following maps have been photolithographed and an edition 
 printed : 
 
 Map of Nebraska, soalo ^yg ' oco . t)y Capt. W. S. Stanton, Corps of Engiueors, 1881. 
 
 Map of the Dojtartnient of the Columbia, scale 16 miles to 1 inch, by Lieut. T. W. 
 Synious, Cor])9 of Kiiirinct rs, 1881. 
 
 Map of tin; Mis.-issippi Kiver from Lake Itasca to tbo Falls of Saint Anthony, in 17 
 shoots, scale 1 mile to 1 inch, by Capl . Chas. J . Alien, Coi-jis of Enginoors, 18el. 
 
 Map of Lower Egypt and the adjacent country, compiled in the Office of the Chief 
 of Engiueors, If^f'-i. 
 
 Plaie23, to illustrate the final report of the survey of the Northern and Northwestern 
 Lakes. 
 
 The following have been engraved on stone and printed: 
 
 Maj) of the Dei)artuient of the Columbia, prepared by Lieut. Thos. W. Symons, Corps 
 of Engineers, 188".i. 
 
 Plates 24,iir>,5>G. 27, 28, 20, and 30, to illustrate the final report of the survey of the 
 Northern and Northwestern Lakes. 
 
 Th(^ following engraved i»lat»\<< of charts of the Northern and North- 
 westoiii Lakes have been electrotyped : 
 Lake Ontario coast cliiirt. No. 2. 
 Lake Ontario coast chart, No, 4. 
 Lake Erie coast chait. No. 1.
 
 442 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE * 
 
 Lake Eric coasl. cli.-jiL No. Tj. 
 
 North eij<l oI'Lukd Mi<;)iigaii. 
 
 South end oCLako Mi<lii;;ai). 
 
 Lake Mi(,hi.<;aii roasi cliart, No. T). 
 
 Lake Michif^aii coast chart, Xo. (>. 
 
 Lake Mit:bi;;aii coast cliart, No. 7. 
 
 Detroit River. 
 
 Saint Clair Kivcr. 
 
 Saint liawrcncc Ifivcr. 
 
 Lake Erie coa.st chart, No. 7, is in the hands of th^- on^jr-nvcr. 
 
 GEOGRAPiriCAL SURVEYS OF THE TERRITORY OF THE 
 UNITED STATES WEST OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH ME- 
 RIDIAN. 
 
 Officer in charf;e, Fir.st Lieut. M. M. Macomb, Foiirtli IT. S. Artillery. 
 
 No field-work was doue during tbe year, there being no funds avail- 
 able for that purpose. 
 
 Tlie duties of the office Lave been confined to the reductions and com- 
 putations necessary for i)utting unfinished map material in shape for 
 publication and to the distribution of i)ublislied maps and reports. 
 
 Three plotting sheets and seven final atlas sheets in hachures were 
 completed. 
 
 Five other atlas sheets are in the hands of the compiler and final 
 draughtsmen, and are in various stages of completion. 
 
 One new land-classification sheet was issued, and editions of Vol. VII, 
 ArchiEology, and Vol. Ill, Sup])lement — Geology, together with a second 
 edition of the list of reports and maps, have been received from the 
 Government Printer during the year. 
 
 The operations of this survey are being i)ushed to a close as rapidly 
 as is possible with the present office force. 
 
 The amount originally appropriated for closing the work will not 
 allow the publication of sufficiently large editions of the unissued nuips, 
 nor furnish reissues of those maps now out of print and which have 
 undergone revision. 
 
 Lieutenant Macomb estimates that $5,000 would cover the expense 
 of svich publication. His report with estimates is appended. 
 
 RECONNAISSANCES AND EXPLORATIONS. 
 
 The following-named officers have been on duty at the headquarters 
 of the Army and at headquarters of tbe military divisions and depart- 
 ments, and have been engaged during the \ ear in preparing such maps 
 and making such surveys and reconnaissances as were required by their 
 respective commanding officers: 
 
 Lieut. Col. O. M. Poe (colonel and aid-de-camp to the General oft e 
 Army). 
 
 Capt. James F. Gregory (lieutenant-colonel and aid-de-camp to the 
 Lieuteuant-General). 
 
 Capt. W. E. Livermoi'e at headquarters Department of Texas. 
 
 Capt. W. S. Stanton, at headquarters Department of the Platte until 
 AugUv^t 22, 1881, and Lieut. Dan C. Kingman at same headquarters 
 since September 29, 1881. 
 
 i^ieut. T. X. Bailey at headquarters Department of the Missouri. 
 
 Capt. Edward IMaguire at headquarters Dei)artment of Dakota. 
 
 Maj. W. A. Jones at headquarters Division of the Pacific. 
 
 Lieut. Carl F. Palfrey at headquarters Department of Arizona. 
 
 Lieut. T. "W. Symons at headquarters Department of the Columbia. 
 
 Lieut. Col. O. M. Poe, Cori:>s of Engineers, U. S. A., colonel and aid- 
 d«-camp to the General of the Army, also on duty as a member of the
 
 RiTPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 443 
 
 Light-House Board, lopoitti that the map of the opera t?ioJi.s at Savau- 
 iiah, Ga., in December, 1S(>4, l»as been photolithograplied. 
 
 A map of the country l)etween Cliattaiiooga and Athinta, and a map 
 intended to illustrate the campaign from Atlanta to the JSea have been 
 conii»leted. 
 
 ******* 
 
 ESTniATE FOR AMOUNT REQUIRED FOR MILITARY SURVEYS AND 
 RECONNAISSANCES IN MILITARY DIVISIONS AND DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 For military surveys, reconnaissances, and surveys of military reser- 
 vations by the Engineer oUicers attached to the various headqimrters 
 of military divisiuns and departments, being an average of $.j,OUO for 
 each of the nine military divisions and departments west of the Missis- 
 sippi iiiver, and $5,000 for publication of maps; total, $50,000. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. 
 
 In the labors of I he ofiice the Chief of Engineers was assisted during 
 the tiscal year ending June 20, 1882, by the following otilcers in charge 
 of the several di\isious: 
 
 First and Second Divisions. — Fortifications, Battalion and Enyin- 
 eer Depot, Jjancla, Annamenis, FerKonnd, d'c, Maj. George LI. Elliot. 
 
 Third Division. — River and Harbor Jntprorementu, tf-c, Lieut. Col. 
 John G. Parke. 
 
 Fourth and Fifth Divisions. — Property, Accounts; Estimates, Fundff, 
 Survey of the Lakes, Explorations, Maps, Instnonents, d:c., Capt. Ilenry 31. 
 Adams. 
 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 n. G. Wright, 
 Chief of Engineers, 
 Brig, and Bvt. Major- General. 
 Hon. Egbert T. Lincoln, 
 
 Secretary of War. 
 
 KEPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ORD^^ANCE. 
 
 War Department, Ordnance Office, 
 
 Washington, October 10, 1882. 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit the following rejiort of the principal 
 operations of the Ordnance Department duiing tlie liscal year ended 
 Junt' 30. 1882, with such remarlcs and recommendations as the interests 
 of this branch of the militaiy service seem to require. 
 
 The liscal resources and expenditures of the department during the 
 year were as follows, viz: 
 
 AuKaint ill tlir Treasury to the crctlit of the apinopriations on Jinie 30, 
 
 I.-'Hl ■ flOO.lSG n 
 
 Aiiioinit iir tlu'Trt-asiMy not report i^tl to thei-retlit of the appntpriatioiis 
 
 on .lui)«:{0, iS^fl '. :L',r.58 STi 
 
 Amount in <^overrmioii» ilcpositoriHn to the crcilit of dishiirsiiig otticcrs 
 
 ami otlu-rs on .Iiun- lid. l.^-'l 17r», 27H C>\ 
 
 Amoiiiit of appropriatior.N forthi* si-rvice of thr lisrjil year t^uileil Jime 
 
 ■M>, leH'J " l.TiiJ. 100 (.10 
 
 Auiouuts refunciod to urilnunco a}»propriutioiis in ^ctllinj^ a<*coiint8 dni- 
 
 iug the Cscal year euiled June ;iO, l^'^J -M'yG Oo
 
 444 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Gross amount received iliiriiig tlie fise;i1 year ( ixlcd June :J0, IHH'i, from 
 fi:ilc8 to otticers, fumi rents, from eollecUoiiM froui trooj)H on account 
 of loHscH of, or <liiMii));es 1o, (trdnnuee stores, I'rorn C]iien;^o, Ituck 
 Island and I'aeilie Knilvva.v (Jiinii>iiny. from exclianf^e of powder and 
 ju'iijeetilos, from sal(!a of condemned stores, and from all other sources 
 not before mentioned $390, 40:i 50 
 
 Total 2,7?,A,ryi2 12 
 
 Amount of expenditures during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, in- 
 cluding expenses attending sales of condemned stores, exchange of 
 powder, &e $1, 069,270 50 
 
 Amount deposited in Treasury daring the fiscal year ended June 30, 
 
 1H82, as proceeds of sales of government projierty 200, 092 97 
 
 Amount lai)sed into the Treasury from the a])propriation "Ordnance 
 matt^rial," under act of March 3, 1875, during the fiscal year ended 
 June 30, 18^2 10,988 88 
 
 Amount turned into the "surplus fund" on June 30, 1882 318 03 
 
 Amount in government depositories to the credit of disbursing oilicers 
 
 and others on June 30, l'.&> 216,943 83 
 
 Amount transferred from ordnance appropriations in settling accounts 
 
 during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882 267 81 
 
 Amount in the Treasury not reported to the credit of appropriations 
 
 on June 30, 1882 7,391 69 
 
 Amount in the Treasury to the credit of appropriations on June 30, 
 
 ISd-J 616,341 81 
 
 Total 2,733,022 12 
 
 STATIONS AND DUTIES. 
 
 The statious and duties of the officers of the Ordnance Department 
 are as follows : Three at the Ordnance Office; thirty-one at the arsenals, 
 armory, a.tcency, and powder depots ; eij^bt on the Ordnance Board and at 
 the foundries; eight at tlie several military headquarters and ordnance 
 depots ; four at the Military Academy ; one under the orders of the 
 Secretary of the Interior; one in the Life-Saving Service, under the 
 Secretary of the Treasury ; and two on leave of absence, sick. Under 
 the operation of existing laws one officer (Lieutenant Gordon) hfts 
 been transferred to the department from the line of the Army, after 
 passing a satisfactory examination. 
 
 The Ordnance Department provides the armament for our sea-coast 
 defenses, and arms and other ojdnance stores for the Army, the militia, 
 the Marine Corps, all other executivedepartments, to protectpublic money 
 and property, and the thirty colleges authorized by law to receive them 
 for instruction. It has not only to provide these ordnance and ord- 
 nance stores of the very best cpmlity and most perfect workmanship, 
 but to determine on the most elective material for war i)urposes after 
 long and careful study and tTial, and endeavor to keep abreast of the 
 hurrying progress of the age. 
 
 JRock Island Arsenal. — The interesting report of the commanding offi- 
 cer is herewith submitted. The work has been prosecuted with most 
 commendable skill and economy. 
 
 Benioia Arsenal. — The last appropriation made by Congress for the 
 workshops, will permit their erection at an early day, and place that 
 arsenal in condition to do all the work required of it on the Pacific 
 coast. 
 
 San Antonio Arsenal. — The liberal appropriation made by Congress 
 for buildings will provide all the storage room and facilities ibr repairs, 
 so necessary in an arsemxl that supplies that long frontier. 
 
 Ficeatinuy Powder Depot. — The commanding otticer makes a detailed 
 report of tliat reservation, and of the work already performed and to be 
 done, in the establishment of that iuiportaut depot of gunpowder. It
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 445 
 
 is hoped that Congress will continue to make liberal appropriations 
 for it. 
 
 Franl-ford Arsenal. — The interesting report made by the commanding 
 officer is herewith submittal. This being the only cartridge factory 
 belonging to the government, it should be fostered and sustained by 
 liberal appropriations. 
 
 Ordnance Notes. — 1 have also to submit some very valuable papers on 
 Ordnance and other subjects, i)repared by officers of the department. 
 Such paj)ers, ])ublished as "Ordnance Xotes," have given very general 
 satisfaction. They are distributed freely through the Army, and contain 
 so much of the military literature of the day as to enable those on the 
 frontier and far front books and i)eriodicals to keep well informed of 
 passing events and imi)rovements. 
 
 SMALL- ARMS. 
 
 There were manufactured at the National Armory, vSpringfield, Mass., 
 during the last tiscal year ending June 30, 1882, 23,428 arms, viz, rifles, 
 carbines, officers' rifles, and shot-guns. A large amount of work, re])fnr- 
 ing, making spare parts, &c., was also done. 
 
 On June 30, 1882, there were on hand 53,512 arms as a reserve supply. 
 
 The Springfield breech-loiiding arms still continue to give satisfac- 
 tion to the Army. As a single breech-lo;)der for trooi)s it has no 
 superior, and it is contidenth' lielieved that it will hold its place until 
 it is superseded by a magazine gun. 
 
 MAGAZINE GUTfS. 
 
 On my recommendation Congress at its Inst session provided for the 
 manufacture or ])urchase of a limited number of magazine guns, should 
 any be recommended by the Board then in session and authorized by 
 the previous Congress. That Board assembled on the 5th of Jidy, 
 1881, Col. John K. Brooke, Third Infantry, as piesident, and continued 
 in session until Sei)tember 30, 1882 — a period of fifteen months — when 
 its rei)ort was submitted. 
 
 Forty gTins on thirteen different systems — some being duplicates or 
 modifications of others — were tried by the Board and subjected to cer- 
 tain tests. These t\)rty guns were finally reduced to six, which were put 
 through severe supplementary tests, ami the three guns that stood all 
 f'he tests most successfully and s.ttisfnctoiily were recommended as 
 " suitable for the military serviee.'' The guns, recommended in the 
 order named, are tlui Lee, the Chalfee-IIeece, and the llotehkiss, and 
 they represent the different systems of the detachable and tixcd maga- 
 zines. 
 
 These recommendations of the Board having been approved by the 
 Secretary of \N'ar, steps will be taken to i>rovi<le the guns as soou as 
 the necessary information is obtained ujk)!! which to take axjtion. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD SHOTGUNS. 
 
 On the suggestion of Col. J. C. Kelton, Assistant Adjutant-Genernl, 
 a shot-gun was prejtared at the National Armory, b\ ai»plying a Sjtring- 
 field breech-loading system Uku caliber .5S l)arrel, reamed out to No, 20 
 gauge. This was done at little expense, and gave such satisfaction that 
 on the recommendation of the General of the Army two shot guns with 
 ammunition have Iteeti issued to each comi)any in certain designated 
 regiments on th«» frontier to enable the soldier to hunt for birds and 
 small game. The guns have continued to meet with so much favor that 
 a sufficient number are now being jtrcpared to supply every c«>nipa]iy 
 west of the Mississipi)i.
 
 44b' PAPERS ACCOifPANTING THE 
 
 MEDALS — REWARDS FOR TARGET PRACTICE. 
 
 General Order No. 53 of Mny 15, 18S2 (substituted for General Order 
 •ii, series of 1881), provides that suitably inscribed j,'old and silver 
 jnedals be awarded to the successful marksmen in the department, 
 division, and Army contests — to become the absolute property of the 
 -winners. These medals are prepared at the Philad«;lphia mint, and are 
 very creditable in design and finish, and will no doubt jjive the greatest 
 satisfaction to the recipients and the Army. The last medals ordered 
 are promised in three months, the preparation of the dies being delayed 
 b}' other more important work. Next year, and thereafter, the medals 
 will be ready before the contests begin, that their delivery to the suc- 
 cessful men may be made on the spot. 
 
 AR3IAMENT OF FORTIFICATIONS. 
 
 Herewith are submitted several reports of the "Ordnance Board," on, 
 tests and proof of guns and projectiles, made since the date of my last 
 annual report. 
 
 In October last an 8-inch breech-loading rifle and an 11-inch breech- 
 loading rifle, converted respectively from a 10-inch and a 15-inch smooth-' 
 bore, burst in jiroof by the rupture of the steel breech receiver made on 
 the Krupp system. The fracture, commencing at the front corners of 
 the slot for the breech block, next the cast iron, passed round the walls 
 of the breech receiver in a plane transverse to the axis. Practically, the 
 steel breech was blown off', leaving the cast-iron body intact. A thorough 
 examination of the metal and fracture leads to the conclusion that the 
 rupture was caused by defective design, aided iierhaps by the character 
 of the steel. 
 
 An 8-inch breech-loading rifle, with tlie sharp corners in the breech 
 slot rounded off to prevent the beginning of rupture at those angles, 
 endured 1U7 rounds, with charges of 50 and 55 pounds, of which 22 
 rounds were with a violent powder entailing high pressures — a most 
 excellent record. The gun went all to pieces, showing that the parts 
 gave equal sui)port to the system, and i)roving the excellence of the 
 combination of metals, w^hen of suitable quality, and the design not 
 faulty. 
 
 The four 12-inch rifles that were contracted for under act of May 4, 
 1880, have not been made. The design contemplated guns of cast iron, 
 Avith wrought-iron tubes and steel breech -receivers, on the Urupp sys- 
 tem. These receivers had to be ordered from abroad, but when received 
 and carefully tested, the metal not being up to the standard, they 
 were rejected. Further work on the preparations for making the guns 
 was suspended to await the report of the Getty Board and the action 
 of Congress on the Board's recommendations. 
 
 The "Act making appropriations for fortifications and other works of 
 defense, and for the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending June 
 30, 1882, and for other pnrposes," approved March 3, 1881, provides: 
 
 And the President is authorized to select a board, to consist of one engineer officer, 
 two ordnance officers, and two officers of artillery, whose duty it shall bo to make ex- 
 aminations of all inventions of heavy ortlnance and iniiiroveiueuts of heavy ordnance 
 and projectiles that may be inesented to them, including guns now being coustrnct«d 
 or converted under direction of the Ordnance Bureau ; and said board shall make de- 
 tailed report to the Secretary of AA^ar, for transmission to Congress, of such examina- 
 tion, with recommendation as to what iuveutfons are worthy of actual test, and the 
 estimated cost of such test ; and the sum of twenty-live thousand dollars, or so much 
 thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated for such pur^iose. 
 
 Under this act a Board, of which General George W. Getty was 
 president, was convened, and after laborious sessions, extending throngli
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 447 
 
 ten montlis, made its report to the Secretary of War May 18, 1882. 
 The Board in its report recommended for trial, and for con.striiction and 
 trial, the following jruns, viz: 
 
 The Lyman-Haskell accelerating or multicharge guu,<)f G inches cali- 
 lier, for trial. 
 
 Dr. W. E. Woodi)ridge's plan of a Avire-woiind cast-iron B, L. gnu, 
 v.ire soldered, of 1') inches caliber, for construction and trial. 
 
 Plan submitted by the Chief of Ordnance of a <'ast-iron B. L. gun 
 hooped with steel, of 12 inches caliber, for construction antl trial. 
 
 Plan submitted by the Chief of Ordnance of a cast-iron B. L. gun, 
 hooped and tubed with steel, of 12 inches caliber, for construction and 
 trial. 
 
 Plan submitted by the Chief of Ordnance of a cast-iron M. L. rifled 
 mortar, hooped witJi steel, of 12 inches caliber, for construction and 
 trial. 
 
 W. P. Hunt's ])lan of a steel B. L. gun, of 10 inches caliber, for con- 
 struction and trial. 
 
 Dr. W. E. Woodbridge's plmi of a ])ra;ced steel-wire B. L. gun, of 10- 
 inches caliber, for construction and trial. 
 
 IMaTi sul)niittcd by the Chief of Ordnance of a steel-wire 15. L. gun of 
 S inches caliber, ibr construction and trial. 
 
 Dr. W. E. Woodbridge's phm of a steel B. L. gun, longitudinal bars, 
 M ire- wound and soldered, of 10-inches caliber, for construction and trial. 
 
 A wire-wra])i)ed 1). L. steel rifle, after the plan of Schultz, submittetl 
 by Col. S. Crispin, of 9 inches caliber, for construction and trial. 
 
 This report was transmitted to the Senate by the Secretary of Wai 
 May 29, 18S2, but no action was taken by Congress at its last session 
 to carry out the recommendations of the Board. 
 
 These reconnneudations are now before Congress for its action, and 
 the recent appointment by the Senate of a select cojnmittee "to take 
 into consideration the subject of heavy ordnance an<l projectiles for the 
 armament of the Navy and the sea-coast defenses," and who arc to rei»ort 
 "to the Senate at its next session," make it i)roper for the department 
 to await tiie action of Congress before entenng on the manufacture or 
 conversion of heavy cannon. 
 
 With the very pressing need for sea-coast armament constantly beioro 
 us, it should seem expedient to take every advantage of our own resources 
 to hel]> provide for our wants. It will doubtless be practicable for us 
 to produce rille^l guns of moderaie jwuer even from ca.st iron, provided 
 the cast iron be suitably strengthened with steel hoo])s, or, better, with 
 hoops on the exterior and a steel tube on the interior. Such guns, how- 
 ever, are very heavy in in'oportiou to their jjower. The substitution of 
 steel wire for the hoops would seem to be an advantageous moditication, 
 and its trial, as recoiujnendedby the Board, promises im])()rtant results. 
 A similar plan is now being tried \v]^h experimental cast-iron guns in 
 France. For the manufacture of rifled mortars, cast iron strengthened 
 with steel hoops nxay be used to advantage. In the mortar very great 
 strength is not needed, as th( charges employed are small; but since 
 its lire is comparatively uncertain, it is necessary, in order that it may be 
 edective, that what it lacks in accuracy may be made uj) by the num- 
 ber of mortars used. With such ])ieces, therefore, cheapness and facil- 
 ity of production are essential requirements, and the suiall charge and 
 short boi'e adnut of using a comjiaratively light mortar. 
 
 The material out of which-fuUpowcr guns must be made is uncpujs- 
 tionably steel. All the lirst-class jiowers of Europe have adopted it. 
 Even tiiose that have spent more millions than we have thousands in
 
 448 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 the effort to determine on the most reliable metal for gun construction, 
 are abandoning cast and wrought iron, either sim])le or in combination 
 with other metals, and are now devoting their attention to steel, and 
 to steel alone. .The marvelous strides in gun construction made witMu 
 a year or two in the manufacture of guns of great strength and high 
 power, j)oint to the conclusion that encouragement shouhl "De given in 
 every way i)OSsil)lo to the mainifacture of steel in large masses suitable 
 for this purpose. At present tentative efforts have deveUjped but little 
 to encourage the hope that steel guns for coast defense can be produced 
 in this country. Tlie use of wire- wound guns, if they prove as success- 
 ful as recent experiments here and abroad make us hope, will greatly 
 simplify the problem, by limiting the number and size of the steel masses 
 needed, while the wire itself can now be procured from our own manu- 
 focturers. Under the most favorable circumstances, however, the coun- 
 try is in no condition at tliis time to undertake sucli constructions wholly 
 out of home products, and the subject is of sufficient imj)ortance to ar- 
 rest the attention and receive the careful consideration of Congress. 
 This subject can only be successfully met either by estal)lishing a 
 national foundry or by assisting and encouraging jirivate foundries to 
 j)rocure the necessary plant and experience. 
 
 POWDERS. 
 
 Some further e3:periments have been made during the past year to 
 ascert^iiu the suitableness of our molded powders for heavy gims, em- 
 ploying large charges. With a coarse granulation and high density 
 some very satisfa^-tory results have been obtained. 
 
 With the 12.25-inch M. L. rifle, the charge has been augmented to 180 
 pounds, imparting a velocity of over 1,500 feet to a 700-pound shot 
 without entailing a pressure of more than 29,000 pounds per square 
 inch of bore. 
 
 It is probable that the charge may be still further increased without 
 overstraining the gnu. With a greater length of bore, such as could 
 be inM)fitably employed with these large charges, there is no doubt but 
 that a coiisiderably higher velocity would be attained. The subject of 
 prismatic powders, of types similar to those employed in European ex- 
 T>eriments, has also been under consideration, and aiTangements have 
 been made to procure trial samples whenever we shall obtain a suitable 
 gun for tt-stiiig them. 
 
 It is believe*!, however, that our own type of powders possesses a suffi- 
 ciently wide range of adaptability to enable us to meet very largely, if 
 not to the utmost, the ])resent requirements of heavj- guns. It is my 
 intention at least to continue their development by further experiments. 
 
 PROTECTION OF SUBMARINE MINES. 
 
 In February last the Chief of B^igineers referred to me a report of the 
 Board of Engineers for Fortihcations of February 15, 1882, on the proper 
 means of defending torpedo fields, and recommending volleys from large- 
 bored guns, fired automatically — these guns to be so arranged as to sweep 
 the whole space occupied by the mines and cables. The board suggested 
 that experiments be made to determine suitable kinds of projectiles for 
 the most effective flanking of tor[)edo lines, and that the attention of 
 this department be invited to the subject. The papers were at once 
 submitted to the Ordnance Board, with the necessary instructions to 
 carry on su(;h exi)eriments as may enable this dei)artmeut to successfully 
 meet this great want in the proper defense of our harbors.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 44'J 
 
 LIGHT ARTILLERY HOARD. 
 
 In April, 1881, General Orders Xo. 39 convened a Board of artillery 
 oftirers, of which Col. J. C. Tidball was i)resideut, "to consider the recent 
 chiii)t;esin s,iins,harness,an<lt'qnii)nientsfor light batteries." Theaction 
 (jf such a r>oard I deemed of the tirst importance, as little had been done 
 in that direction for some years. 
 
 Tlie Board made a j^t'liminary report to enable this department to 
 manufacture samples of carriaj^es, harness, &c., embodyinjj: its views, so 
 as to present to a subsequent Board the articles or imi)rovements recom- 
 mended, that action might be ta-ken on iiractical results. The prepara- 
 tion of a metal field carriage, limber, and caisson hus been greatly delayed 
 by the difficulty of i)rocuring suitable material in proper shapes, but it 
 is coiitidently believed that we will be ready for the action of an artillery 
 board at an early day. 
 
 The large auunuit of artillery and its supplies left from the war, and 
 the small api)ropriations available for sux-h purposes, has deterred the 
 department irom entering until now upon the increased expenditures 
 attendant on the introduction of new material. The adoi>tion of steel 
 breech-loading field guns in all the armies of Europe calls for experi- 
 mental action on our part, and I have now in course of preparation a 
 design for a steel B. L. gun suited to the wants of our service, and have 
 directed inquiries to be made into the possibility of making such a gim 
 in this country from the products of our own foundries and workshops. 
 It is believed that, with proper encouragement, held guns can be made 
 here without the necessity of going abroad for the steel. 
 U. S. TESTING MACHINE. 
 
 The report, by the commanding ofticer of the Watertown Arsenal, of 
 tests of iron and steel, and other materials for industrial pur})Oses, made 
 during the last fiscal year, has been received, and will be submitted for 
 transmission to Congress at the opening of the next session, a^ provided 
 by law. In the last Army appropriation bill it is provided : 
 
 And tbo Cbif'f of Orflnance sliall give attention to snch profjiaiume of tests as may 
 1)6 subniitft'd by the Atuorican Society of Civil Eugiueers, and tbe record of sucb tests 
 sball be furnished said society, to be by them published at their own expense. 
 
 I recommended the passage of this provision, believing it to be for the 
 best interests of the public that those who are so largely interested in 
 prominent and im]iortant constructions could best advise the department 
 as to the tests most needed for present and future use. I was anxious 
 that authority be given by Congress to jmblish monthly bulletins of 
 tests made, that the engineer and the nianui'acturer might have the 
 earliest ])0ssible information. 
 
 The results given by the testing machine are for the benefit of the 
 whole country, and the ]>eople should be iiermiited to utilize the results 
 as fast as they are obtained. Tiiis can oidy l^e effected by their imme- 
 diate publication, and I respectfully recommend that this be authorized. 
 
 The capacity of tlie machine is limited to tests of extension and com- 
 pression. I liiive been advised by distinguished civil engineers and by 
 the commanding oHicer VN'atertown Aisenal that either additions to the 
 present machine or additional machines should bo provided for the tests 
 of torsional and transverse resistance. The latter is believed to be the 
 better plan, and two other machines ought to be built. 1 have, there- 
 fore, submitted estimates of ."^100,000 for the purpose. 
 
 MILITIA. 
 
 To more completely arm and equip the whole body of the militia, as 
 contemplated by the act of 1808 making an annual appropriation of 
 
 L'!> Ab
 
 450 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 ."^200,000, Unit amount should be largely increased. The 1)111 (S. 1596) 
 reported Croin the Senate Committee on Military Allairs, and now on the 
 calendar, provides for a substantial increase to this appropriation, and 
 contains other ini])()rtant provisions which would result in the f,Teate8t 
 benefit to the militia. I strongly recommend i^s passage. It is as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Be it oiactcd by the Senate and House of Jlcpresentntives of the United States of America 
 in CouijrcsH assniibled, That section sixtfcn liiindrcd and sixty-one of the Revised 
 StatnteM ho, aiul the same is hereby, amended and re-enacted so aa to read as follows: 
 
 Skction 1. That the sum of six hundred thousand dollars is hereby annually appro- 
 l)riated, to be paid out of anj"^ money iu the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for 
 the purj)ose of providing arms, equipments, ammunition, ordnance stores, and tents 
 for tjie militia. 
 
 Sec. 2. That said appropriation shall be apportioned among the several States and 
 Territories on the books of the Ordnance Department by the Chief of Ordnance of the 
 Army, under the direction of the Secretary of War, according to the number of Repre- 
 sentatives or Delegates to which each State and Territory respectively is entitled in 
 the Congress of the United States: Provided, ho^cerer. That eacli State and Territory 
 shall only be entitled to the benefits of so much of the appropriation apportioned to 
 it as the pro]iortion of the number of its regularly enlisted, organized, and unifonned 
 active militia, as determined by the report of the Secretary of War niade on the pre- 
 ceding first Monday in Fi'bruary, bears to the maximum number of active militia for 
 which such State or Territory is entitled to the benefits of this act. And the amount 
 of said appropriation which is thus determined not to be available shall be covered 
 back into the Treasury. 
 
 Sec. 3. That in time of peace the number of active militia for which each State and 
 Territory shall be entitled to receive its apportionment of the appropriations made 
 by this act shall not exceed six hundred regularlyTiuiformed-commissioned officers and 
 enlisted men for each Representative and Delegate to which such State or Territory ia 
 entitled in the Congress of the United States. 
 
 Sec. 4. That the purchase or manufacture of ordnance, ordnance stores, and tenta 
 for the militia under the provisions of this act shall be made by the Chief of Ordnance 
 of the Army, under the direction of the Secretary of War, and they shall be receipted 
 for and shall remain the property of the United States, and be annually accounted 
 for to the Chief of Ordnance of the Army by thegovernors of the St-ates and Territories, 
 for which j)urpose the Chief of Ordnance of the Army, nnder the direction of the 
 Secretary of War, shall prescribe and supply the necessary blanks, and make such reg- 
 ulations as he may deem necessary to protect the interest of the United States. 
 
 Sec. o. That all arms, equipments, ordnance stores, or tents which may become 
 unserviceable or unsuitable shall be examined by a board of officers of the militia, 
 and its report shall be forwarded by the governor of the State or Ten-itory direct to 
 the Chief of Ordnance of the Army for the action of the Secretary of War, who shall 
 direct what disposition, by sale or otherwise, shall be made of them; and the pro- 
 ceeds of such sale shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States. 
 
 Sec 6. That for all the purposes of this act the District of Columbia shall be ac- 
 00 '.nted and treated as a Territory entitled to one Delegate iu Congress. 
 
 The following quotations are from the committee's report, which ac- 
 companies the bill: 
 
 That iu addition to the resolution instructing us to consider the propriety of increas- 
 ing the annual appropriation for the militia, there have been referred to us a large 
 number of petitions from the officers of tlie militia relative to' an increase of the ap- 
 propriation and other amendments to the existing militia law. 
 
 And again : 
 
 A simple statement of fact appears to be a sufficient response to the resolution of 
 the Senate. That an appropriation fixed iu 1808 to provide for seventeen States, with 
 a population of eight millions, is inadequate to provide for thirty-eight States with a 
 l)opulation of fifty millions needs no argument. The Chief of Ordnance has for many 
 years urged Congress to increase the appropriation ; it was considered and favorably 
 ri!i)orted to the Senate by this Committee in the Forty-fifth Congress, and we think it 
 would be difficult to conceive any reasonable argument against it. * » * 
 
 It will be perceived that no provision is made as to the mode of apportioning the 
 appropriation between the States, no requirements for accountability for the property 
 furnished, or limitation on the disposition that the States may make of it. The 
 greatest defect of the law, however, is that It does not allow the furnishing of tenta 
 and other articles necessaiy to provide for camps of instruction. To this omission of 
 the law is largely due the disparity between the difierent States in the strength and 
 efficiency of the militia.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 451 
 
 * * * V.'e accordingly report hore-with a bill to increase fbe annnal appropriation 
 to SWO,000, and making provisions for its apportionment, and for the care, accounta- 
 bility, and disposition of property isbucd under it. AVe also provide in the bill that 
 each State shall only receive such projjortion of the amount apportioned to it aa the 
 actual number of its active militia bears to a fixed maximum, and we believe this 
 provision wisely calculated to foster and encourage the fonuation of volunteer organ- 
 izations in those States where but few now exist. 
 
 There have been no material changes in the law relative to the organization of the 
 militia since its original enactment in 17'J2, and it is obvious that many of its provis- 
 ions are now obsolete and manj' amendments desirable. 
 
 Our standing army is a small one. For the defense of the country 
 our main dependence is on our militia. The militia should, therefore, 
 be kept in tlje best condition possible for actual service. Volunteer 
 organizations in every State and Territory should be encouraged, and 
 every eflort made to promote their efficiency in drill and discipline, and 
 make them skillful in the use of their arms. It is the best way, and 
 the only way, to render them a sure and safe reliance on the breaking 
 out of war, and before a little campaigning has inured them to hard 
 service and disciplined them" into okl soldiers. 
 
 It is earnestly recommended that the special attention of Congress 
 be invited to this subject, in order that the bill above quoted may re- 
 ceive favorable consideration at the ensuing session. 
 
 I have the honor to submit the following papers, heretofore referred to : 
 
 Appendix 1. — Statement of i^rincipal articles procured by fabrication 
 at the arsenals during the year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 Appendix 2. — Statement of principal articles procured by purchase at 
 the arsenals during the year euded June 30, 1882. 
 
 Appendix 3. — Statement of ordnance, ordnance stores, &c., issued to 
 the military establishment, exclusive of the militia, during the year 
 ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 Appendix 4. — Apportionment for the fiscal year euded June 30, 1882, of 
 the annual approin-iation of $200,000 for arming and equipx)ing the 
 militia, under sections ICGl and 1GG7 Kevised Statutes. 
 
 Appendix 5. — Statement of ordnance, ordnance stores, &c., distributed 
 to the militia fiom .luly 1, 1881, to June 30, 1882, under section 1667 
 Kevised Statutes. 
 
 Appendix 6. — Statement of arms, ammunition, «S:c., distributed to the 
 Territories and States bordering thereon from July 1, 1881, to June 30, 
 1882, under the joint resolutions of July 3, 187(5, INIarch 3, 1877, and 
 June 7, 1878, and the act of May 10, 1878. 
 
 Appendix 7. — Statcinent of ordnance, ordnance stores, &c., distributed 
 to colleges from July 1, 1881, to June 30, 1882, under soction 1225 Re- 
 ^■i8ed Statutes. 
 
 Appendix 8. — Statement of arms and ammunition i.ssued to the ex- 
 ecutive departments during the yciu- ended .June .'^O, 1882, under tlie 
 provisions oj' the act of 31arch 3, 1870. 
 
 ApjHudixi). — licpoit of action taken during the year ended June 30, 
 1<S.S1', nndrr the proxisionsof the act ajyjjrovcd March 3, 1881. 
 
 Appendix 1(>. — Report of the jirincipal oj»crations at the Itock Island 
 Arsenal, Illinois, during the ii.scal year ended Juno 30, 1882, Lieut. 
 Col. D.W, Flagler, Ordnance ]Je])artment, comniantling. 
 
 AppcmJix 11. — Report qf the principal operations at the lienicia Ar- 
 senal, California, during the Ii.scal year ended Juno 'M). 1S82, Col. J. 
 McAllister, Ordnance Dejtartmeut, commanding;. 
 
 Appendix 12. — Ee])ort of the principal opeialions at the Piccatinny 
 powder depot, New Jersey, daring the Ii.scal year ended June 30, 18Si:, 
 Maj. F. H. Parker, Orduaiiee Department, commanding. 
 
 Appendix 13. — Eeport of the priucipiil operations at the Fraukford Ar-
 
 452 KEPOiri' ov the secriotaky of war. 
 
 scnal, P(Minsylvaiiia, dmiiii,' tlic liscal year ondod June 30, 1882, MaJ. 
 S. C Lylbrd, Oidiianc.i', Dcpartineiit, coniman<lin<i-. 
 
 Appnulix 14. — Kc'i)oit tor the year ended .lime .'50, 1882, by Capt. F. 
 Heath, Oidnanee liepartment, commanding the Cheyoiine ])epot. 
 
 Appendix 15.' — Ive])ort for tlie year ended June .'JO, 1882, by Capt. S. 
 E. lihmt, chief ordnance oliicer, Military Department of Dakota. 
 
 Appendix 16. — Proof report, &c., of 8-inch breech-loading rifle No. 5. 
 
 Appendix 17. — lieport of the Board on Heavy Ordnance and Projec- 
 tiles, under irct a])proved March 3, 1881. 
 
 Appendix 18. — Progress report on experimental cannon powders, by 
 Capt. Charles S. KSmith, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 19. — Keport on European ordnanoo and manufactures, by 
 Col. S. Crispin, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 20. — Keports on the inspection of projectiles, by Lieut. 
 Henry Borup, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 21. — Present method of target practice at the Frankford 
 Arsenal, hy Lieut. M. W. Lyon, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 22. — The manufacture of russet leather, and its adaptabilitj' 
 for the military service, by Capt. D. A. Lyle, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 23. — Vent-punch, and gimlet for the Life-Saving Service, by 
 Capt. D. A. Lyle, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 24. — Assembling, and wearing infantry equipments, by Capt. 
 A. L. Varney, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 25. — Cartridges and friction primers for the military service, 
 by Lieut. Col. J. M. Whittemore, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 26. — Mechanical motion, by Lieut. Col. A. E. Buffington, 
 Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 27. — Metrical into United States measures, and vice versa., 
 by Lieut. Rogers Birnie, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 28. — Determination of the accuracy of small-arm firing, by 
 Capt. O. E. Michaelis, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 29. — Report on Cranstones safety lighting attachment, hy 
 Capt. D. A. Lyle, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 30. — Report of the Board on Magazine Guns. 
 
 Appendix 31. — Deviations of small-arm projectiles, by Capt. John E. 
 Greer, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 32. — Showing the stations and duties of the officers of the 
 Ordnance Department. 
 
 Appendix 33. — Proof of 11-inch breech-loading chambered rifle No. 1, 
 by Capt. Charles S. Sn-ith, Ordnance Department. 
 
 REPORTS OF THE ORDNAIfCE BOARD. 
 
 Appendix 34. — Report oh the 11-inch breech-loading chambered rifle 
 No. 1. 
 
 Appendix 35. — Report on the steel parts of 11-inch breech-loading 
 chambered rifle No. 1. 
 
 Appendix 36. — Report on the 8-iuch breech-loading chambered rifle 
 Ko. 2. 
 
 Appendix; 37. — Report on the steel for 12-lnch breech-loading guns 
 and mortar howitzer. 
 
 Appendix 38. — Report on the comparative trials of the Butler and 
 Arrick projectiles. 
 
 Appendix 39. — Report on protection of magazines from lightning. 
 
 I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 S. V. BENfiT, 
 Brigadier-General,, Chief of Ordnance. 
 
 To the Hon. Secretary of War.
 
 REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 Navy Depaetsient, 
 Washingtonj November 29, 1882. 
 To the President : 
 
 SiK: The available cruising war- vessels of the Kavy -are — 
 One first-rate, the 
 
 Tennessee, 
 
 Of 4,840 tons displacement j 
 Fourteen second-rates, the 
 
 Trenton, 
 
 Lancaster, 
 
 Brooklyn, 
 
 Pensacola, 
 
 Kichmond, 
 
 Hartford, 
 
 Alaska, 
 
 Omaha, 
 
 Lackawanna, 
 
 Ticonderoga, 
 
 Vandalia, 
 
 Monongahela, 
 
 Shenandoah, and 
 
 Powhatan, 
 
 Varying in displacement from 2,100 to 4,000 tons; 
 And twenty-ttVo tliird-rates, the 
 
 Juniata, 
 
 Ossipee, 
 
 Quinnebaug, 
 
 Swatara, 
 
 Galena, 
 
 Marion, 
 
 Mohican, 
 
 Iroquois, 
 
 WachUvsett 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 453
 
 454 REPORT OF THE S£CR£TARY OF THE NAVT, 
 
 Tu.scarora, 
 
 Kearsarge, 
 
 Adams, 
 
 Alliance, 
 
 Essex, 
 
 Euterjirise, 
 
 Nipsic, 
 
 Yantic, 
 
 Ashuelot, 
 
 Monocacy, 
 
 Alert, and 
 
 Banger, 
 
 Varying in displacement from 900 to 1,900 tons ; 
 Making in all thirty-seven. 
 
 The last four, of less than 1,400 tons displacement, have iron hulls ; 
 all the others are built of wood. 
 
 These vessels are creditable in their appearance, commodious in their 
 quarters for oflBcers and seamen, well adapted for ordinary naval exer- 
 cises, and useful for displaying the national flag upon the seas and in 
 the harbors of the commercial world. But they are of low speed; their 
 engines are not modern, only fourteen being compound,- and their 
 steaming, maneuvering, and destructive jjowers are inferior to those of 
 the present war ships of other navies. It is not the policy of the United 
 States government to maintain a large navy, but its reputation, honor, 
 and prosperity require that such naval vessels as it possesses should be 
 the best which human ingenuity can devise and modern artificers can 
 construct. Our present vessels are not such, and cannot be made such. 
 They should be gradually replaced by new iron or steel cruisers, and 
 allowed to go out of commission. The naval appropriation act of Au- 
 gust 5, 1882, provides that no repairs shall be made " of any wooden 
 ship where the estimated cost of such repairs shall exceed thirty per 
 centum of the estimated cost of a new ship of the same size and like ma- 
 terial." This wise provision should be adhered to in future appropria- 
 tions, and the limitation of repairs fixed at twenty per cent or less. 
 The present wooden ships should receive only such moderate repairs as 
 will enable them to serve the purposes of the government until a new 
 modern navy shall, without undue haste and with due economy, be con- 
 structed, which will fitly represent the i)ower and protect the interests 
 and honor of the nation. 
 
 ARMORED VESSELS. 
 
 The available armored vessels are : 
 
 Thirteen fourth-rates, the siugle-turreted monitors 
 Ajax, 
 Canonicus, 
 Oamanche, '
 
 BEPOBT OF THE SECRETAEY OF THE NAVY. 455 
 
 Catskill, 
 
 Jasou, 
 
 Lehigh, 
 
 Mahopac, 
 
 Manhattan, 
 
 jVIoutauk, 
 
 Nahaut, 
 
 Nantucket, 
 
 Passaic, and 
 
 Wyandotte, 
 
 Varying in disphicement from 1,800 to 2,100 tons. 
 These monitors were built in 1862 andl8G3; have no speed; carry 
 each two large smooth-bore guns of small power and short range; and 
 have been mostly laid up, since their use in the late war. As they are 
 our only vessels for harbor defense they have not yet been broken up, 
 and during the past summer three have been repaired, placed in com- 
 mission, and put in motion — the Montauk iu the Delaware Kiver, the 
 Nantucket in the Hudson Eiver, and the Passaic at and near Hampton 
 Eoads, with indifierent results. 
 
 ORDNANCE. 
 
 The guns of the Navy are — 
 
 2,233 smooth-bore muzzle-loading cannon of various calibers. 
 77 Parrott muzzle-loading 40-pound rilles. 
 267 similar 80-pound rifles. 
 51 muzzle-loading 180-i)ound converted rifles. 
 2G breech-loading 40-pound converted rifles, and 
 10 breech-loading 80-pouud converted rifles. 
 The eighty-seven converted rifles have fair power, and may be con- 
 sidered useful for the present. The Parrott rifles were made during 
 and immediately after the rebellion ; they might iu an emergency serve 
 a subordinate i)urpose as part of our armament, but are in no real sense 
 suited to the needs of the present day. The smooth-bore guns are in- 
 capable of contending with rifled guns throwing one-half their weight 
 of shot. 
 
 With not one modern high-powered cannon in the Navy, and witli 
 only 87 guns worth retaining, the imixirtance of action for the jn'ocure- 
 meut of naval ordnance seems ai>])arent, if the Navy is to longer sur- 
 vive. 
 
 OFFirERS AND SE A:\IEN. 
 
 To cominniid and handU' thirty-one siicli sjjijjs and 204 such guns. 
 DOW afloat, the naval establishnient siistainetl on .hily 1 tlie following 
 officers, seamen, and apprentices:
 
 45G llEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 937 ofDcors, Ibcii on Hca duty, it'cciviuf^ an annnal pay of §1,880,900 
 
 G44 on ftboro duty and other duly (omitting cadots at the academy), re- 
 ceiving l,r.G8,200 
 
 230 waiting orders and receiving 370, 300 
 
 (being 1,817 officers in all, receiving $3,825,400;) 
 
 7,074 seamen, receiving 2, 170,096 
 
 950 apprentices, receiving 152,556 
 
 While there were also 301 officers on the retired list, receiving 703, 180 
 
 To these should be added : , 
 
 77 officers of the Marine Corps, receiving 174,040 
 
 500 non-commissioned officers and musicians, and 1,500 privates, receiving. 389, 052 
 
 13 officers on the retired list, receiving 25, 858 
 
 Making the total annual pay of the Navy and Marine Corps 7, 440, 182 
 
 The enormous disproportion of 1,817 naval officers to thirty-one vessels 
 in commission, being 59 officers to each ship, and one officer to every five 
 seamen, with the possibility of the addition each year to the '^axj of 
 50 cadet-midshii^men from one-sixth the Congressional districts in 
 the country, and of 25 cadet engineers, induced Congress, at the last 
 session, to prohibit the increase of the naval officers, and .to direct a 
 slight gradual reduction. The act of August 5, 1882, provided that 
 thereafter no appointments in the Navy from graduates of the Naval 
 Academy should be made except to fill vacancies; that no promotions 
 should be made in the principal staff corps until the Medical Corps 
 should be reduced 10, the Pay Corps 30, and the Engineer Corps 100, and 
 that only one-half the vacancies in the line above the grade of midship- 
 man should be filled by promotion, until there should be a reduction of 4 
 rear-admirals, 15 commodores, 5 captains, 5 commanders, 6 lieutenant- 
 commanders, 30 lieutenants, 25 masters, and 25 ensigns. 
 
 This reduction of 140 staff and H5 line officers by the gradual process 
 of leaving vacancies unfilled works no real injustice to a single naval offi- 
 cer. The reduced number of 1,562 officers will be amply sufficient for 
 all the necessities of the service, even if the cruising vessels of the 'Navy 
 should be doubled. The reduction provided for by the statute should 
 be insisted uj^on, and it is worthj' of consideration whether a still fur- 
 ther reduction, by abolishing the grade of master and reducing the num- 
 ber of lieutenants to 225, may not be made without injury to the service 
 and with profit to the government. If the grade- of master is retained 
 the name should be changed to sub-lieutenant. 
 
 The necessity of any further reduction of the naval officers might be 
 obviated by extending the sphere of their active employment. The situa- 
 tion and policy of the United States make it improbable that the coun- 
 try will soon or often be engaged in naval warfare. The opportunities 
 for naval officers to practice the art of actual war are remote. Yet the 
 national safety depends upon maintaining, instructing, disciplining, and 
 practicing at all times a reasonable naval force. To this end the offi- 
 cers and seamen of the Navy should perform all the work required for 
 the purposes of the national government upon or in direct connection
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 457 
 
 with the ocean. This clear and salutary principle should be deliber- 
 ately adopted and efifectually enforced in all i)roper metliods by the 
 national CongFes.s; and, if it shoidd be thus fully recognized and applied 
 in all practicable ways, it would vastly invigorate, improve, and 
 strengthen the Navy, without increased expense to tlie government, but, 
 on the contrary, with results of positive economy. 
 
 The efficiency of the naval servi<;e will be promoted by alt«'ring the 
 present unvarying law of promotion by seniority and allowing all pro- 
 motions to the grade of rear-admiral to be made by selection from the 
 .commodores or cai)taius. The mode of selection might wisely be pre- 
 scribed and regulated by law. The gi'ade of commodore is unnecessary, 
 and should be abolished by omitting to fill vacancies as they happen: 
 and, if not so abolished, all promotions to this grade should be made by 
 selection from the captains. 
 
 FAV0EITIS3I m THE NAVY. 
 
 Military administration should be controlled by neither personal, so- 
 cial, or political motives. The orders to every naval officer should be 
 determined alter, first, a consideration of the public interests, and sec- 
 ondly, an impartial comparison of the record and services of the officei- 
 with those of other officers of like grade. If unjust orders "are issued, 
 the officer can freely state the injustice directly to the Secretary, asking 
 a reconsideration, and his rei)resentation will have due and candid con- 
 sideration. The interference of others, if to secure only wliat is right, 
 is unnecessary; if to accomplish what is wrong, is intolerable. An offi- 
 cer who will procure or knowingly allow sucli undue interference may 
 be charged with unbecoming conduct. NevertheJess, the practice has 
 prevailed of soliciting and procuring favoritism for officers, by such de- 
 vices and with such jjertinacity and influence as to createi a system re- 
 sistance to which may make unenviable the position of the bead of the 
 department. But if it is allowed to continue, the naval service will 
 eventually become fatally demoralize<l. The eftbrt will be made to order 
 the detail of officers of the Xavy with as much justice and impaitiality 
 as the lot of humanity will admit. 
 
 NAVY- YARDS. 
 
 During the rebellion the facilities of the navy-yards for building and 
 repairing shii)s were taxed to the utmost, and were naturally enlarged 
 and extended to me<it the pressing requirements of the moment. The 
 result is that we now have seven large yards in full and expensive ope- 
 ration, at Portsmouth, N. n,, Boston, New York, League Island (Phila- 
 delphia), Washington, Norfolk, and Mare Island, Cal.; one other, less 
 used, at Pensacola, Fla., on which large sums have been expended; and 
 one in embryo at New London, Conn.; with additional naval stationa at
 
 458 
 
 HEPOET OP THE 8ECRETAET OP THE NAVY. 
 
 Key West, Fla., New Orleans, La., Sackett's Harbor, IsT. Y., Mound 
 City, 111., and Port Royal, S. C. 
 
 The eight working yards cover 2,498 acres; Lave commodious and 
 costly docks, immense workshops and storehouses, numerous dwellings, 
 barracks and stables, and heavy and expensive machinery and tools for 
 the construction and repair of ships, and tte manufacture of ordnance, 
 cordage, clothing, and all the equipments of vessels. 
 
 The total cost of permanent improvements and repairs, including the 
 sites, at these yards, from their establishment to June 30, 1882, was — 
 
 Portsiuoiitli §4,294,801 27 
 
 Boston 7,385,517 34 
 
 New York 11,505,128 70 
 
 Philadclpliia (old yard) 2,954,175 43 
 
 League Island 1,737,321 51 
 
 Washington 4,293,162 85 
 
 Norfolk' 7,754,004 68 
 
 Mare Island 8,002,441 47 
 
 Pensacola 6,301,219 42 
 
 Total 54,227,772 67 
 
 Totnl expenditures under the Bureau of Tarda and Docks for the fifteen years ending June 
 
 30, 1882. 
 
 Navy-yards. 
 
 1^ 
 
 5 
 
 £ "^ B 
 
 13 a 
 
 ° a 
 > 
 
 25 
 2.2 
 
 3 
 
 S 
 o 
 >■ 
 
 2 
 p- 
 a 
 
 M 
 
 00 • 
 
 11 
 
 .5« . 
 
 "SIS 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 $107,462 31 
 
 $074, 202 65 
 
 1, 589, 733 52 
 
 2, 165, 343 00 
 540, 898 80 
 601,075 65 
 
 1, 138, 236 57 
 
 1, 271, 742 65 
 
 1,457,845 99 
 
 538, 858 46 
 
 $670, 766 11 
 1, 1,33 056 76 
 1, 005 9.i9 76 
 304, 868 93 
 376, 987 66 
 708, 189 27 
 841,971 78 
 877, 532 07 
 427,947 08 
 
 $153, 957 38 
 
 112, 915 19 
 
 912, 995 38 
 
 102,011 81 
 
 1,414, 410 88 
 
 15, 554 25 
 
 364, 755 89 
 
 2, 136, 297 66 
 
 742, 934 16 
 
 $1, 000 00 
 71, 607 88 
 35, 814 14 
 
 7, 962 68 
 128, 669 00 
 30, 086 58 
 
 9, 481 34 
 77. 931 08 
 80, 961 95 
 
 $1, 907, 388 45 
 
 
 1:52,434 94 
 
 138, 536 91 
 
 79, 550 32 
 
 51,794 21 
 
 110,702 91 
 
 108, 395 40 
 
 134, 786 31 
 
 50, 879 53 
 
 3. 039. 808 29 
 
 New York 
 
 Philadelphia (old yard) . 
 
 4, 258. 659 19 
 
 1, 035, 292 54 
 
 2, 572, 937 40 
 
 
 2, 002, 769 58 
 
 i^orfolk 
 
 2, 596, 347 00 
 
 
 4, 684, 393 11 
 
 
 1, 847, 581 18 
 
 
 
 
 920, 542 84 
 
 10, 277, 937 29 
 
 6, 347, 289 42 
 
 5, 955, 832 60 
 
 443, 574 Co 
 
 23, 945, 176 80
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE NAVY. 
 
 459 
 
 Total expenditures under all bureaus, 1877 to 1881. 
 [Excluding Mare Island.] 
 
 I Por coD.stniction aud repairs of vessels. 
 ' and for all other objects than suppoit 
 For support ^ of yards, 
 of yartls. >, 
 
 Labor. 
 
 Expended dminj' — 
 
 1877 >1,0R2.994 62 
 
 1878 1 2,278 906 88 
 
 1879 2,120, 2fSl 03 
 
 1880 2,0.')0,.691 79 
 
 1881 I 2,260,828 23 
 
 MateriaL 
 
 10, 714, 702 55 
 
 $811,172 01 $1,290,188 47 
 
 1.323.645 05 | 1,481,248 67 
 
 1, 200, 9ti7 15 1, 296, 322 69 
 
 983, 618 38 1 993, 492 71 
 
 1, 143, 6,'>2 18 1 1, 464, 666 84 
 
 Total. 
 
 5,463,0»4 77 i 6,52.5,919 38 
 
 $2, 101, 360 48 
 2, 804, 803 72 
 2, 497, 289 84 
 1.977,111 09 
 2, 608, 319 02 
 
 11, 988, 974 15 
 
 Expended at each navy-yard : 
 
 Portsmouth 1, 106,368 07 
 
 Boston 1,383,228 55 
 
 Xew York | 2,056,100 K5 
 
 League Island 1,930, too 97 
 
 "Washington 1,706, .342 .50 
 
 Norfolk 1,641,197 77 
 
 Pensacula 891,063 84 
 
 810,212 47 
 1, 001, 718 ^i9 
 1,231,075 50 
 
 453, 3U2 70 
 1,155,050 43 
 
 778, 764 90 
 32, 870 22 
 
 110, 714, 702 55 ij 5, 403, 054 77 
 
 698, 718 54 
 1, 184, 849 55 
 2, 157, 531 87 
 
 521,482 87 
 1, 2;«, .521 20 
 
 689, 040 43 
 40, 768 92 
 
 6, 525, 919 38 
 
 1,50»,931 01 
 
 2, 1S6, 503 14 
 
 3, 388, 61 »7 43 
 974, 845 57 
 
 2, 388, .'■,71 63 
 
 1,407,811 23 
 
 73, 639 14 
 
 11, 988, 974 15 
 
 The folloATing statement sliows the number of naval officers, seamen 
 and marines, and of civil employees awd workmen engaged at the navy- 
 yards on the IGth day of ^STovember, 1S82, with the compensation paid 
 the employees and workmen on that day, and what work was then in 
 progress on ships of war. 
 
 Navy-yards. 
 
 a a 
 
 s 
 
 c« 
 
 C as 
 •• a 
 
 li 
 
 a 
 
 S b a 
 o.S g 
 
 S 
 «/ 
 
 c — 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 
 
 "5 
 1 
 
 Work in progress on 
 ships of War. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 -Kf- Pay-roll 
 ^°- 1 Nov. 16, 
 
 -VT„ ! Pay-roll 
 ^"- Nov. 16. 
 
 fr. Payroll 
 ^°- Nov. 16. 
 
 
 PortsQioutb,... 
 
 23 
 
 55 
 72 
 37 
 4:1 
 50 
 8 
 38 
 
 81 
 
 228 
 1, 008 
 308 
 1.33 
 335 
 80 
 309 
 
 75 i $258 88 
 
 115 ; 368 41 
 
 103 1 330 76 
 64 1 228 88 
 
 104 1 305 80 
 106 1 318 50 
 
 19 ni 04 
 71 307 27 
 
 091 $1,681 32 
 336 ' 70'> n« 
 
 766 $1,940 20 
 
 Keiiairing Omaha .ind 
 
 Plymouth. 
 Repairing Shenandoah. 
 Kcpuiriug Trentuo. 
 Kepairiug Ossipeo. 
 Nono. 
 Uo. 
 Do. 
 Repairing Moliieun .lud 
 
 Alert. 
 
 New York 
 
 League Island . 
 Washington ... 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Peiinut'ola 
 
 ilaro island . . . 
 
 034 
 
 325 
 545 
 597 
 84 
 593 
 
 1, 539 22 1 T.n . 1, 869 98 
 803 27 1 389 1 1,032 15 
 
 1,153 40 I 640 1 1,4.50 38 
 
 1, 205 2fl 703 1 1, 583 82 
 131 85 1 103 I 212 89 
 
 1, 752 89 664 , 2, UOO 16 
 
 Total at all 
 yards 
 
 326 
 
 2,501 
 
 657 
 
 2, 179 72 3, 805 
 
 1 1 
 9,139 65 ,4,462 ,11,319 37 
 
 
 It is clear that these eight navy -yards, involving so large an invest- 
 ment of original ca])ital and such extravagant expenditures for main- 
 taining them and doing work therein, will not bo re«iiiircd by any present 
 or i)rospectivo wants of the country. Whether we are to maintain an 
 obsolete, wooden navy or to constrnct new modein iron oi- steel war- 
 sliips, uo such number and extent of navy -yards will be needed. No
 
 460 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 advocate oi' a stronger and bettor navy mgos the constiniction of many 
 sbips or the maintenance of a large fleet. Upon any view, the magni- 
 tude of our present navy-yards is grossly out of proportion to the use 
 to be made of them imder any system of construction and repair of 
 vessels or with any naval fleet likely to be built or maintained. 
 
 The problem tlius presented, what is to be done with the navy yards, 
 is not easy of imnjediate solution. If nev7 iron and st?eel shii)S are to be 
 built or repaired in any of them, essential changes and expensive ad- 
 ditions must be made. It is not probable that for this puipose more 
 than two or three yards need be fitted up as complete modem naval 
 workshops. But it is impossible now to decide what yards should be 
 thus specially selected. It is also by no means clear that every other 
 yard will not be wanted, if not for the constnictiou or repair of vessels, 
 yet to be used as a naval station and arsenal for war material for the 
 Kavy. At the harbors of Boston and Now York this government should 
 not be without a pier or landing-place of its' own at which its naval. 
 vessels can touch, nor wholly dependent upon private facilities. Any 
 hasty discontinuance and sale of any of our yards will result in low 
 prices, while if subsequent purchases of naval stations in the same har- 
 bors become necessary, the cost w'ill be so great that the government 
 will find itself a large loser at the end of the process of sale and repur- 
 chase, by each of which land-speculators alone will have profited. 
 
 To aid in deciding this difficult question. Congress in the act of August 
 5, 1882, directed the Secretary of the Navy to appoint a Commission 
 to consider and report whether it is advisable to sell any of the navy- 
 yards, and if so, which : and to rej)ort also certain facts, and their opin- 
 ions thereon, bearing upon the question of sale or retention. Tliis com- 
 mission was appointed October 9, 1882, consisting of Commodore S. B. 
 Luce, Chief-Engineer Charles H. Loring, and A. B. Mullett, Esq., and 
 they are actively engaged in the investigations necessary to enable 
 them to perform the duties imposed by Congress. 
 
 The immediate duty of the government with reference to the manage- 
 ment of the navy-yards is, however, not doubtful. The expenses of 
 maintaining them and of preserving the public property therein should 
 be reduced to the lowest possible amounts; all unnecessary work should 
 be discontinued, and all emi>loyees not needed should be dismissed. 
 Progress in this direction has been commenced, in consequence of the 
 clause in the act of August 5, 1882, authorizing the Secretary to close 
 some of the yards rather than make any deficiency for their mainte- 
 nance or for their civil establishment. A considerable reduction of the 
 civil employees paid from the appropriations for those purposes has been 
 accomplished, and more discharges are contemplated and will be made, 
 in accordance with the intention of the act that no i^ersou should be 
 employed and that no work should be done except for the advantage of 
 the service and with economy to. the government. But it has not yet 
 been found necessary to close any navy-yard under the authority given 
 by Congress.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE. NAVY. 461 
 
 It is feasible to reduce the expenses of maintaining- the navy-jards to 
 very low amounts by making the utmost possible use of the officers and 
 men of the Xav^- and of the Marine Corps. Xo valid reason can be as- 
 signed why this policy should not be adopted. The force of naval offi- 
 cers must be maintained and jiaid, and a surplus of officers hold commis- 
 sions and are subject to orders to any honorable duty, while the employ- 
 iru'iit of any civilians :Tiay be terminated at the pleasure of the govern- 
 ment. The latter will, undoubtedly, by obvious methods, endeavor to 
 place obstructions in the way of the action proposed, but it should be 
 taken and persisted in, because required for an economical administra- 
 tion of the naval establishment. 
 
 The second section of the act of August 5, 1882, for the purpose of re- 
 lieving the navy-yards from the accumulations of old ancT unserviceable 
 material, directed an account to be taken of all stores and supplies be- 
 longing to the bureaus of the ITavv' Department, and appraisements to 
 be made thereof by Boards of is aval officers', and authorized the sale at 
 public auction of all such stores and supplies as might be found unserv- 
 iceable, and of all old material that could not be profitably used, the 
 net proceeds of all sales to bo paid into the Treasury-. These Boards 
 wore seasonably appointed, and are now engaged in their work, but no 
 sales have yet been made. 
 
 The same section directs the Secretary of the is'avy to appoint In- 
 si)ection Boards to examine all the vessels of the Xavy, and report 
 which are unlit for further service, or, if the same are unlinished in any 
 navy-yard, those which cannot bo finished without great and disproi)or- 
 tionate expense ; and to state in their report fully the grounds and rea- 
 sons for their opinion ; and the Secretary is directed, if he shall concur 
 in opinion with said report, to strike the name of such condemned 
 vessels from the Xavy register, and to report the same to Congress. 
 
 In i>ursuance of this law, a special Board, consisting of Captaius 
 John Irwin, C. S. Norton, and A. V. Cooke, Naval Constructor George 
 W. Much, and Chief-IiUgineer H. S. Davids, was appointed at San 
 Fran(;isco. which has examined and made report cone<'rning the vessels 
 at the ]Mare Island navy-yard. 
 
 'J'he princii)al Inspection Board consists of Commodore A. A. Scnimes, 
 Medical Director A. L. Gihon, Capt. R. W. ]Meade, Comman<ler II. L. 
 Howison, Chief- Kngincer J. W. Tliomson, jr., and Naval Constructoi' 
 Edward llartt. The Board is diligently performing its functions under 
 the supervision of the Admiral of the Navy, and has examined the ves- 
 sels at Portsmouth, Boston, Newport, New London, Sackctt's Harbor, 
 Erie, and Washington, and action will ]»rol)al»ly be taken upon sonn' oi 
 its reports before the 1st of January. 
 
 It is desirable that Congress should ant liori/.e tlie sale oi' condcnint'd 
 ships atpublic auction witliout undertaking to revise in detail the judy- 
 ment of the Board and the Department. Tliere is no danger that anv
 
 462 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVT. 
 
 ships will be sold under such authority which could, if retained, be of 
 tlie slightest use to the country. 
 
 The New York navy-yard occupies 193 acres of valuable land within 
 the limits of the city of Brooklyn, and at the eastern side and adjoin- 
 ing the grounds of the naval hospital fifty-three acres can be spared 
 without injury, and it is estimated can be soldfor over $1,500,000, It may 
 ;il80 prove desirable to exchange a portion of the fifty-three acres for 
 land needed to improve the west side of the yard and the -water front 
 there. Authority to make the sale and also the exchange is requested. 
 
 MOVEMENTS OF VESSELS. 
 
 The vessels. on the North Atlantic Station are the Tennessee 
 (flagshrii), Vandalia, Kearsarge, Alliance, Enterprise, and Yantic, under 
 the command of Eear- Admiral George H. Cooper, who relieved Kear- 
 Admiral Robert H. Wyman on the 1st of May, 1882. All the vessels 
 except the flag-ship have, since the last report of the department, made 
 cruises to the West Indies. During the summer they cruised to the 
 northward, in company with the flagship, for exercises in fleet tactics, 
 and all but the Vandalia participated in the bicentennial celebration of 
 the State of Pennsylvania on the 24tli of October. The Enterprise is 
 now under orders to proceed to the Asiatic Station. 
 
 The South Atlantic Station has been, since the 9tli of June, 
 1882, under the command of Eear- Admiral Peirce Crosby. The former 
 commander, Eear- Admiral James H. Spotts, died March 9, 1882, on 
 board the flag-ship Brooklyn, at Port Stanley, Falkland Islands. The 
 vessels are the Brooklyn (flagship), and the Galena, which joined from 
 the Mediterranean. The Shenandoah (former flagship) returned to the 
 United States and was put out of commission, and the Marion was 
 detached and i» now on the way to Portsmouth. 
 
 The force on the European Station remains under the command of 
 Eear- Admiral J. W. A. Nicholson, and consists of the Lancaster (flag- 
 ship), Quinnebaug, and Nipsic. The Galena was transferred to the 
 South Atlantic, and the Nipsic is on her return home. On account of 
 impending troubles at Alexandria, Egypt, the squadron visited that 
 port. The Galena arrived first, in June, and was joined by the rest of 
 the squadron. The timely arrival of the vessels gave protection to the 
 American consulate and to American citizens and interests, and also 
 afforded a refuge for our own citizens and for fugitives of other nations, 
 whoweredriven from their homes. T e action at this juncture of Admiral 
 Nicholson was judicious and humane, and met the approval of the 
 department. 
 
 The Pacific Station continues under the command of Eear- Admiral 
 George B. Balch. It has been reinforced by the Iroquois and the Essex, 
 and by the Hartford, now on the way, and consists of the Pensacola 
 (flagship), Alaska, Lackawanna, Iroquois, Wachusett, Adams, and 
 Essex. The last, however, is under orders to the Asiatic Statian. At
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 463 
 
 least three of the vessels have remained continuously south of Panama 
 during the year. The public interests have also required the presence 
 of one of the vessels within the waters of the Territory of Alaska. 
 
 The Asiatic Station* still commanded by Kcar- Admiral J. M. B. 
 Clitz, is composed of the Kichmorid (flagship), Ashuelot, Monocacy, 
 and Palos. The Swatara and Alert have been detached during the year; 
 while the Essex from the Pacific Station, the Juniata, by way of the 
 Suez Canal, and the Enterprise, by way of the Cape of Good Hope, are 
 under orders to join the Station. 
 
 The Apprentice Training Squadron, under the command of Com- 
 modore S. B. Luce, now comprises the New Hampshire, Minnesota, 
 Portsmouth, Saratoga, and Jamestown. The Portsmouth and Sara- 
 toga made practice cruises to Europe during the summer, and the James- 
 town and Portsmouth are now fitting for a) winter cruise to the West 
 Indies. 
 
 The vessels engaged on special service have been the Powhatan, 
 Despatch, and Kanger (the two last-named on surveying duty), the 
 Michigan on the northwestern Lakes, and the iron-clads Miantonomoh, 
 Montauk, Nantucket, and Passaic, on experimental cruises. 
 
 THE JEANNETTE EXPEDITION. 
 
 The last communication received at the department irom the late 
 Lieutenant-Commander George W. DeLong, commanding the Arctic ex- 
 ploring steamer Jeannette, furnished and equipped by James Gordon 
 Bennett, Esq., was dated August 26, 1879, at Saint Lawrence Bay, 
 Siberia. From the records now in the department, it appears that 
 on the following day the Jeannette started north, skirting the Sibe- 
 rian coast to obtain tidings of the Vega. August 31, 1879, she stood 
 to the northwest, toward Wrangel Island. Drift ice was met and the 
 weather was stormy. Pack ice was encountered afterwards, and the 
 course of the vessel turned more to the northward. Herald Island was 
 sighted to the westward on September 4. The next day the Jeannette 
 entered the pack through the best looking lead in the direction of Her- 
 ald Island. Young ice was met, through which the vessel was forced 
 by ramming, but before night her progress was chocked and she was 
 secured with ice-anchors. On September 6 another ettbrt was ma<le to 
 reach Herald I^iland, but only a slight advance could be made. Two 
 days later there was no sign of a lead in any direction; the vessel was 
 frozen in solidly, and never again escaped from the pack. The icedrifted, 
 can-ying the vessel with it, with varying force and direction. The ship 
 inclined under the pressure of the ice, and jirecautions were adopted to 
 keep her upright. Duiing October, 1879, Wrangel Island wtis at times 
 in sight. Herald Island was in sight once, on October 3. 
 
 Astronomical and meteorological observations were made whenever 
 practicable throughout the period of the Jeannette's imprisonment in 
 the ice. A winter routine was put in force November 1, 1879, and
 
 464 REPORT OF THH SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 measures were taken to maintain, as far as pos^sible, the ciieerfuluess, 
 health, and comfort of all. 
 
 In January, 1880, the vessel was found to be Icakiiiji,- from tlie pres- 
 sure of the ice. The pumps were started -^ith dilhculty, and though 
 the leak decreased they were used from that time until the vessel was 
 abiindoned. 
 
 The second winter in the ice was jmssed much as the first. The 
 health of officers and men, with a few exceptions, had remaine<l good 
 until the sprfng of 1881, when it was somewhat impaired. Jeannette 
 Island was discovered May 17, 1881, the vessel being tlien about 500 
 miles northwest of Herald Island. A fe^v days later Henrietta Island 
 was discovered. A sled party landed, hoisted the national ensign, and 
 took possession in the name of the United States. 
 
 During the night of June 10 the ice opened beside the vessel, which 
 then righted, being once more afloat. The ship was secured to the ice 
 by Imos, and, as there were indications of a break-up, the rudder was 
 shipped and preparations made for making sail. Xo serious difficulty 
 was apprehended in keeping the vessel afloat and navigating her to port 
 if she should escape from the pack. But the ice closed in again with 
 such force as to crush the sides of the Jeannette, arid her fate was de- 
 cided. Boats, sleds, instruments, provisions, and stores were put on 
 the ice, and the ship was abandoned. She sank during the night of June 
 12, 1881. 
 
 On the recommendation of the surgeon, a delay of a few days fol- 
 lowed, after which the toilsome retreat began, across ice and water. 
 About four weeks later Bennett Island was discovered. After remain- 
 ing here for some days, the party embarked for the New Siberian Islands, 
 which were reached safely. September 12, 1881, the thirty-three per- 
 sons composing the officers and crew of the Jeannette left Simonoski 
 Island in three boats. The boats were shortly separate<l in a gale of 
 wind. The second cutter, carrying eight persons, has not been heard 
 of since that time. The officers and men were Lieut. Charles "W. Chipp, 
 commanding; William Dunbar, Alfred Sweetman, Walter Sharvell, 
 Albert G. Kuehae, Edward Star, Henry D. Warren, and Peter E. 
 Johnson. 
 
 Lieutenant-Commander George W. De Long's boat, the first cutter, 
 carrying fourteen persons, reached the Lena delta ; the party landed Sep- 
 tember 17, 1881, and proceeded inland, leaving records of their condition 
 and progress at several points. Owing to illness and exhaustion, slow 
 progress was made.. Some game was obtained at first, but th is tailed after- 
 wards. October 6, one of the men died. Three days later two men, William 
 P. C. Nindemann and Louis P. Noros, were sent ahead to seek help, the 
 others following as well as their weak state would permit. Another 
 man died of exhaustion from starvation, on October 17. Two days later 
 a camping place was found, and after this no further j)rogress could be 
 made. The enfeebled men died of starvation, one by one. The last
 
 KEPOKT OV Tin: SLCRETAKY OF THE NAVY. 465 
 
 entry in the pathetic record k^ft by De Long is dated October 30, 1881. 
 Soon after this the tliree who were then alive must have died. The 
 party which thus perished were Lieutenant-Commander George W. 
 De Long, commandinii-; Surgeon James M. Ambler ; Jerome J. Collins, 
 naturalist; Hans 11. Jui(;hson, Keiurick IL Kaack, George W. Boyd, 
 Walter Lee, Adolph Dressier, Carl A. Gortz, Xelse Iverson ; the cook, 
 Ah Sam, and the Indian, Alexy. 
 
 Chief-Engineer George W. MBlville had been placed in charge of the 
 whale-boat, Lieut. J, W. Daneuhower's eyes having been so seriously 
 aliected for many months that he was on the sick list. The whale-boat 
 party reached the eastern shore of the Lena delta and was conducted 
 by natives to an inhabited village, arriving September 26; nearly all 
 were badly frostbitten. An eftbrt was made to proceed towards Belun, 
 the nearest Kussian settlement. This was unsuccessful, but a message 
 was sent to the Kussian commandant at that place, asking transporta- 
 tion for the party. 
 
 Ifews was received October 29 that Xiudemanu and IS'oros were on their 
 way to Belun. A note from Xindemann, written at random, was brought 
 to Chief-EngiueeiiMelville, asking any one who could to sender aid to De 
 Long's party. Mr. Melville procured a dog team, and set out for Belun, 
 where he found the two seamen sick. After receiving their reports, he 
 went to a j^lace where dog teams and provisions were to be furnished him, 
 and there met the rest of the whale-boat party. Lieutenant Danenhower 
 was given orders to take the whole party south to Yakutsk. 
 
 Melville pushed his search to the northern extremity of the delta, 
 with great difficulty and much suffering from exposure and scarcity of 
 food. He secured the log-books of the Jeannette, and other effects, 
 which had been left in a cacbe, but the missing party could not be 
 fouud. After three weeks of determined effort, it became evident that 
 they must have obtained assistance from the natives or have died. 
 Upon his return to Belun, Melville learned that nothing had been heard 
 of the lost party and was forced to the conclusion that all had perished. 
 As the search for the dead could be made better in the spring, he took 
 his men to Yakutsk. There orders were received to spare no effort or 
 expense to ensure the safety of the second cutter, and to send the sick 
 and frozen of those already rescued to a milder climate as soon as practi- 
 cable. Lieutenant Danenhower was given charge of a party of men and 
 the effects which ha<l been recovered, aiul left Yakutsk January 10, 
 1882, for Irkutsk. He afterwards asked periuission of the department 
 to remain and institute a search for Lieutenant Chipi)'s party, but was 
 ordered home. 
 
 Mr. jNlelville completed the necessary arrangements and continued the 
 search. Between March 23 and March 27, 1882, the bodies of Lieuten- 
 ant-Commander De liOng's party were found. After giving them proper 
 burial, a search was made for Lieutenant Cliii)p's boat, but with no re- 
 siUt, though several parties were at work along the coast for two weeks. 
 30 Ab
 
 466 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 Mr. Mclvillo lolurned to Yakutsk and proceeded thence to Irkutsk, ar- 
 rivinj^f at the hitter place July 5, where he received permission froqi the 
 I)ei)artnient to return homo with his party. 
 
 The lol lowing joint resolution of Congress was approved xVugust 
 8, 1882 : 
 
 That the Secretary of the Navy bo requested to convene, as soon as practicable, a 
 court of inquiry to investigate the circumstances of the loss in the Arctic seas of the 
 exploring steamer Jeauuette, and of the death, of Lieutenaut-Conimander De Long 
 and others of her officers and men, including an inquiry into the condition of the 
 vessel on her departure, her management up to the time of her destruction, the pro- 
 visions made and plans adopted for the several boats' crews upon their leaving the 
 wreck, the efforts made by the various officers to insure the safety of the parties under 
 their immediate charge and for the relief of the other parties, and into the general 
 conduct and merits of each and all the officers and men of the ill-fated expedition, 
 and to submit the finding of such court of inquiry to Congress. 
 
 In compliance with the foregoing joint resolution the Department 
 ordered a court of inquiry, consisting of Commodore William G. Tem- 
 l)le, president, Capt. Joseph N. Miller, and Commander Frederick V. 
 Mci^air, members, and Master Samuel C. Lemly, judge-advocate. This 
 court is now engaged in the prosecution of its duties. 
 
 THE SEARCH EXPEDITIONS. 
 
 The United States steamer Eodgers, commanded by Lieut. Eobert M. 
 Berry, which was engaged in a search for the Jeannette and for missing 
 whalers during the autumn of 1881, went into winter quarters at St. 
 Lawrence Bay, Siberia, in October. On November 30 a fire broke out in 
 the forehold of the vessel. All efforts to extinguish it proved unavail- 
 ing, and the vessel was abandoned. 
 
 The natives were hospitable, but their resources were limited, and to 
 lessen the burden the ofl&cers and crew were distributed among five 
 villages. 
 
 Lieutenant Berry, desiring to carry out the object of the expedition, 
 although his vessel was lost, set out from Saint LawrenceBay to organize 
 a search of the coast and to communicate the loss of the Eodgers to the 
 department, having first made provision for the comfort and safety of 
 those under his command. Master Howard S. Waring was left in 
 charge at Saint Lawrence Bay. 
 
 Master Charles F. Putnam, one of the oflBcers of the Eodgers, had 
 been placed in command of a shore depot near Cape Serdze, to search 
 the coast. Learning that the vessel was burnt, he set out for Saint Law- 
 rence Bay with provisions. On his return to Cape Serdze, he missed 
 Ms way while crossing Saint Lawi'ence Bay in a blinding snow storm, 
 January 10, 1882, and drifted out to sea on an ice-floe. He was seen 
 several days later, and an earnest effort was made to reach him in a 
 canoe, but the attempt failed, because the thin ice cut the boat. Master 
 Waring, on hearing of this disaster, left Ensign George M. Stoney in 
 charge at Saint Lawrence Bay, and made a minute search of the coast 
 for a month, but without avail.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVT. 4f>7 
 
 Some time after leaving Saint Lawrenee Bay, Lieutenant Berry heard 
 that Putnam had drifted out to sea, but^received from natives a report 
 that he had reached the shore in safety. It was not until February that 
 he learned the truth. 
 
 On the 8th of February Lieutenant Berry left Capo Serdze, accom- 
 panied by Ensign Henry J. Hunt. Following the coast to the westward, 
 they heard that the missing whalers Vigilant and Mount Wollaston had. 
 drifted in shore, and that their crews had cither died or had deserted 
 the vessels. After a severe journey they arrived at the Eussian post 
 of Nishne Kolymsk on the 24th of March. 
 
 Information was received at this place of the landing of part of the 
 Jeannette's crew at the mouth of the Lena liiver, and Lieutenant Berry 
 continued his journey until he came upon traces oi& Chief-Engineer Mel- 
 ville's search party. 
 
 Learning that the latter had completed his search. Berry followed 
 and overtook him. The party proceeded to Yakutsk, where Berry in- 
 tended to fit out a new expedition, but information was received that 
 Lieutenant Harber had been detailed to make a summer search, and 
 Lieutenant Berry then returned home. Ensign Hunt was ordered to 
 report to Lieutenant Harber for duty. 
 
 The party which had been left at Saint Lawience Bay in charge of 
 Master Waring was received on board the whaling bark Xorth Star, 
 owned by William Lewis, of New Bedford, and commanded by Capt. 
 Leander C. Owens, who had gone to Saint Lawrence Bay at great incon- 
 venience to transport the party to any port desired. The North Star 
 left May 14 for Ounalaska, but falling in with the revenue-cutter Corwiu, 
 commanded by Lieut. Michael A. Healy, the Eodgers party was trans- 
 ferred to the latter vessel and arrived at San Francisco June 23, 1882. 
 
 Lieutenant Berry earnestly recommends that the Chukches about 
 Saint Lawrence Bay be suitably rewarded for their hospitality, to en- 
 courage them to aid the crews of [any of our whaling or other vessels 
 that may be wrecked upon their coast. 
 
 Lieut. Giles B. Harber and Master W. H. Schuetze were ordered by 
 the department on February 2, 1882, to special duty in connection with 
 the searcli for the survivors of the Jeannette. They proceeded to Siberia, 
 and Lieutenant Harber and his party have prosecuted their search with 
 energy, but have not succeeded in getting any intelligence of Lieutenant 
 Chipp's party. 
 
 BUREAU OP NAVIGATION. 
 
 The report of Commodore J. G. Walker, Chief of the Bureau of Navi- 
 gation, narrates the work of the bureau and its subordinate offices in 
 connection with^the revision of "The American Practical Navigator:" 
 compasses for the Navy ; the determination of longitudes, under Lieut. 
 Commander F. M. Green ; navigation supplies ; the system of naval
 
 468 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OP THE NAVY. 
 
 signals, in charf^o of Oapt. riiilij) (J. Jolinson ; tho hydrographic work 
 of tlio navy, under the direction of Commodore J. C. P. Be Krafft; the 
 Naval Observatory, of which Vice-Admiral S. C. Rowan is the present 
 Snperintendi^nt; the Transit of Venus Expedition ; the Nautical Alma- 
 nac, and time signals. 
 
 Attention is called to the growing disposition on the part of the Sig- 
 nal Service Bureau of tho Army to encroach upon work which has fallen 
 for manj'^ years within the legitimate province of naval officers. The 
 local time has been signaled from the Observatory since the year 1845, 
 and since 1877 a time-ball has been dropped at New York City at noon 
 daily by signal from the Observatory. The Signal Service Bureau 
 has, however, published at government expense a work on " The Con- 
 struction and Maintenance of Time-Balls," and has announced in an 
 oiBcial publication entitled " Memoranda of Usefill Information for Shi]) 
 Masters," that a time-ball will be established at the Signal Service 
 station in New York City. It has also organized a " Marine Division" 
 and established a "Marine Agency" in the city of New York, and is 
 issuing charts of the North Atlantic Ocean, attempting to show the 
 direction of cyclones, the limits of icebergs, and the direction of the 
 prevailing winds in the different ocean squares. This marine work 
 belongs appropriately to the Naval Hydrographic Office, and it is doubt- 
 ful whether the appropriations for the Signal Service of the Army, 
 however liberal in their amount and vague in their limitations, were 
 intended to be applied to work which is specifically in the charge of 
 another department. The sundry civil appropriation act of August 7, 
 1882, making appropriations for the work of the Signal Service, directs 
 " that the work of no other department, bureau, or commission author- 
 ized by law shall be done by this bureau." Obedience to this explicit 
 enactment ought to be enforced. 
 
 The adaptation of the laws of the United States for j^reventiug col- 
 lisions at sea to the revised International Eegulatious should be again 
 uiged upon Congress ; and the need of a revision of our present law re- 
 quiring steam vessels under all circumstances to keep out of the way 
 of sailing vessels was, October 28, 1882, called to the attention of the 
 department by the Philadelphia Board of Trade. 
 
 This rule operates unfairly against deep-draught ships in narrow chan- 
 nels, either natural or artificial, where light-draught vessels will not be 
 injured hy using the shoaler water, and the unnecessary burden upon 
 commerce should be lightened. 
 
 BUREAU OF ORDNAJSrCE. 
 
 The report of Commodore Montgomery Sicard, Chief of the Bureau 
 of Ordnance, states the efforts of the Bureau in the preparation of plans, 
 and in the commencement of the construction of the high-powered guns 
 authorized by the act of August 5 ; the progress made in converting 
 Parrott rifles ; in j)rocuring and practicing with machine guns ; in pro-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 46 i^ 
 
 vjdiiii^ small-aims ; and in experimenting' with torpedoes aiul electric- 
 lights at the torpedo station at Newport, 11. 1., under the supervision of 
 Capt. Thomas O. Selfridge. 
 
 The principal purpose of our large naval establishment being to use 
 cannon and small-aims and torpedo explosives against public enemies, 
 the question of ordnance is of the tirst importance. Having no eflective 
 guns, it is the duty of the government to begin their manufacture imme- 
 diately. This country is not now capable of making the steel forgings 
 necessary for heavy rifled cannon ; they must, therefore, either be pro- 
 cured abroad or inducements must be oliered to steel manufactiu'ers to 
 engage in their production. There is no steam-hammer in the country 
 sutticient for the heavy forgings required. Either through the agency 
 of some private company or by the direct action otHhe government such 
 a hammer should be prepared for American use. 
 
 All the moderate recommendations of the Chief of the Bureau ought 
 to be promptly adopted, and the appropriations estimated for by him 
 ought to be considerably increased. 
 
 BUREAU OF YARDS AND DOCKS. 
 
 The report of Eear-Admiral Edward T. Ifichols, Chief of the Bureau 
 of Yards and Docks, recites the various works of improvement at the 
 ]iavy-yards for which appropriations are recommended by the bureau ; 
 and it estimates the sum necessary for the general maintenance and 
 preservation of the yards. My views on this subject have been indi- 
 cated in considering the navy-yards, and may also be learned from the 
 revision hereinafter submitted of the estimates made by the Bureau. 
 
 BUREAU OF EQUIPMENT AND RECRUITING. 
 
 The Chief of the Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting, Commodore 
 Earl English, details the work of that Bureau, including the fitting out 
 of ships, purchases of coal, ^ho manufacture of cordage and of iron 
 cables and anchors and ship's galleys, and states the success of the 
 Bureau in the enlistment of seamen and apprcutices during the year. 
 Enlistments were 5,C20, of which number 478 were boys. 
 
 BUREAU OF STEAX ENGINEERING AND BUREAU OF CON.STRUCTION 
 
 AND REPAIR. 
 
 The reports of Engineer-in-Chief W. H. Shock, Chief of the Bureau 
 of Steam Engineering, and of Chief Constructor T. D. Wilson, Chief of 
 the Bureau of Construction and Repair, state fully the present condi- 
 tion of the vessels of the Navyj their views as to the future work of 
 their Bureaus, and as to the amounts needed for the construction of the 
 two new steel cruising vessels authorized by the act of Augusto, 1882, and 
 for the completion of the doublo-tm-reted monitors Monadnock, Puritan, 
 Amphitrite, and Terror. They estimate for the two steel cruisers, in
 
 470 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, 
 
 the Bureau of CoustiMctiou, $2,080,000; in the Bureau of Steam Ma- 
 chinery, <'5l,S()0,(K)0, making- .$;3,.S80,00O. These estimates are for the 
 total cost of the hulls and machinery, and exceed the limitations of the 
 act, wliich conliiie the Dei)artment to the estimates of the first Advisory 
 Board, and they indicate tlie oi)iuion of the Bureaus that the sliips can- 
 not be couipleted within those limitations. But in any event less than 
 one-half tlie full cost needs to be api^ropriated for the next fiscal year, 
 and $1,000,000 for each Bureau will be more than sufficient for the ex- 
 penditures on the vessels during that year. 
 
 The reports estimate for the completion of the four monitors, in the 
 Bureau of Construction $2,000,000, and in the Bureau of Steam Ma- 
 chinery, $1,105,000. Less than one-half of these amounts should be ap- 
 propriated for the next fiscal year, in case Congress should decide to 
 complete the vessels. 
 
 In pursuance of the directions of the enactment authorizing the con- 
 struction of the two steel cruisers, the Naval Advisory Board was or- 
 ganized on the 13th day of November, consisting of the following mem- 
 bers: Commodore E. "WT. Shufeldt, president; Mr. Henry Steers, Mr. 
 Miers Coryell, Chief Engineer Alexander Henderson, Commander John 
 A. Howell, Lieutenant Edward W. Very, Naval Constructor Frank L. 
 Femald. 
 
 The naval officers were selected se\'eral weeks previous to the ap- 
 pointment of the full board, but delay and difficulty were experienced 
 in obtaining " two persons of established reputation and standing as 
 experts in naval or marine construction, to be selected from civil life," 
 who should not be employed by or connected with any one of the few 
 ship-building firms who might propose to enter into the contracts for 
 the construction of the cruisers. Due public advertisement and no- 
 tice was given on the 5th' day of August, as required by the act, to all 
 persons, to submit, within sixty days after August 20, any plans, mod- 
 els, designs, or suggestions for the construction of the vessels, and the 
 time for submitting them has been exte^ided to the period when the 
 Board will finally reach its conclusions. 
 
 The Advisory Board is actively engaged in the discharge of its duties, 
 but is proceeding with care and caution. It is the determination of the 
 Board and of the Department to make no undue haste and to spare no 
 pains to design and complete the two best ships which can possibly be 
 constructed in this country. 
 
 I deem it my duty to recommend that Congress be requested also to 
 authorize the construction of two of the second-rate, steel, single-decked, 
 unarmored cruisers, i-ecommeuded by the late naval advisory board, to 
 have a speed of not less than thirteen knots, but with the displacement 
 limited, according to thcrccommendations of the ])resent Advisory Board, 
 to 2,5U0 tons each, at a cost not exceeding for Imll, engines, ordnance 
 and equipment $1,000,000 each ; also of one of the five steel rams rec- 
 ommended by the late board; and one rou dispatch boat or clipper, of
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 471 
 
 1,500 tons (lisplaccmont, witli a si)ced of not less tljan iirtccii knots, to 
 be armed with one six-incli bieecli-loadin^ rifled cannon and t((ur Ilotch- 
 kiss guns, at a cost not exceed in j,' $500,000. 
 
 The Naval Advisory Board was directed to report to the Secre- 
 tary of the Xavy, in detail, by the 1st day of December, 1882, as to the 
 wisdom and expediency of undertaking^ and conijileting th^j engines 
 armor, and armaments of the ironclads Monadnock, Puritan, Am])bi- 
 trite, and Terror. The delay in organizing the board \yll prevent the 
 completion of this report on the day fixed; but it will be prei)ared and 
 transmitted as soon as practicable thereafter, with the recommendation 
 of the Department thereon, as required by the act. There has been 
 much unseemly controversy' over these vessels since the work was sus- 
 pended, in Marcli, 1877, after an expenditure upon them by the govern- 
 ment of $3,528,580.58. The fact of this large outlay is no reason why 
 they should be completed if they will not then be worth to the govern- 
 ment the amount of the new money which will have beeu expended. 
 Kor is there anything in their history which should prevent their com- 
 pletion if that result is for the real interests of the government. The 
 necessity, however, of some better provision for the defense of our 
 harbors than is furnished by the fourteen single-turreted monitors, the 
 relics of the war of the rebellion, is apparent to every thoughtful citizen. 
 If the completion of the fourdoubleturreted monitors is not expedient, 
 the construction of some new armored vessels of a different character 
 should be devised and immediately commenced. 
 
 The act of August 5 made provision for "the launching, to the best 
 advantage, with such necessary attachments and appliances as will ren- 
 der redocking the ships unnecessary," of the four double-turreted mon- 
 itors. The contractors who had built the hulls, and in whose ship-yards 
 they have remained since the termination of work, in March, 1877, 
 •were informed by letter of August 21, 1882, that the Department de- 
 sired to comply with the directions of the act as soon as practicable, 
 and would be prepared to indicate what work ought to be done to 
 fit the vessels for launching, and wished to receive any suggestions or 
 proposals from the contractors concerning the Avhole subject. On the 
 28th of August the contractors were further informe<l what work would 
 be required to bo done, and what attachments and api»liaiices must bo 
 fitted before the launching of the vessels, and were informed that the 
 plans showing the details might be seen at the Department. On the 
 8th of November the attention of the contractors was called by the De- 
 partment to the fact that it had received no reply to its letters of August 
 21 and 28j and they were informed that as it was desirable that there 
 should bo no more delay, the Department proposed (1) that the con- 
 tractors should furnish the materials and do the work necessary to be 
 done before launching (the same to be first si)ecitied in detail by the De- 
 partment and the cost thereof agreed upon), and should also launch the 
 vessels at the earliest practicable day; and (2 that the Department
 
 472 KEroiiT oj' rHE isrx'KKTARy of the navv. 
 
 should pay the coutractors for siieli iiial<iiials and work ami for launch- 
 ing, the actual cost tlicieof, as it niiftht be mutually agreed upon; this 
 arrangement to have no effect whatever upon the existing rights or ob- 
 ligations of the contractors or the government, but to be made and car- 
 ried into etfect without prejudice to any claim of either party; and the 
 contractors were requested to respond to this proposition without delay. 
 They have signified their assent, and the vessels will soon be launched. 
 The double-turreted iron-clad Miantonomoh, built on the same plan 
 as the other four monitors, is complete, except the turrets and pilot- 
 house; and these were authorized by the act of August o. The diffi- 
 culty, if not impossibility of procuring, in this country, the steel for the 
 compound armor adopted for the turrets and pilot-house has, up to this 
 time, prevented any action. For the purpose of testing the vessel in 
 the meantime, she has been loaded with iron cables, representing the 
 "weights of the turrets, pilot-house, and armament, and put in commis- 
 sion. Thus loaded she rises about 26 inches amidships above the water- 
 line in fresh water, and about 30 inches in salt water, and no reason is 
 perceived why she will not prove a successful and formidable armored 
 ship. 
 
 BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
 
 The report of the Surgeon-General, Medical Director Philip S. Wales, 
 in regard to the sanitary condition of the Navy, shdws a gratifying im- 
 provement over that of preceding years. Sj^ecial attention is called to 
 his recommendation for the improvement of the 2^a\^ ration in its ada]>- 
 tation to the necessities of the naval service ; and to his statement of 
 the importance and imijrovement of ventilating apparatus applied to 
 vessels of the Xavy, and of the condition and usefulness of the newl\ 
 organized Museum of Hygiene. 
 
 BUREAU OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING. 
 
 The report of Paymaster- General Joseph A. Smith states the appro- 
 priations and expenditures for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, and 
 for the present year up to ISfovember 1. 
 
 MARINE CORPS. 
 
 Attention is called to the report of Col. 0. G. ]\IcCawley, commanding 
 the United States Marine Corps, which on the 1st of October, 1882, con- 
 tained 1,681 enlisted men; 984 on board ships in commission, and 877 
 doing duty on the shore stations. The correct legal number of second 
 lieutenants is 30, and 16 new appointments should be made. It is de- 
 sirable that Congress should authorize the appointment of these lieu- 
 tenants from gTaduates of the Xaval Academy, at the end of the acad- 
 emic years ending June, 1883, and June, 1884. The legal number of the 
 privates in the JNIariue Corps is 2,500, Congress has lately appropriated 
 for only 1,500. It is desirable that appropriations should be made for 
 2,000.
 
 KEi'OliT OF THE .-iEORETARY 01' THE NAVY. 473 
 
 ^'AVAX, ACADEMY. 
 
 The Xaval Academy, since Noveuiber 15, 1881, Las been under the 
 sifjjeitiitendeucy of Capt. Francis M. Kamsay, and is efiiciently and 
 satisfactorily conducted. His report is transmitted. The act of Au- 
 gust 5, 1882, which provided that no appointments thereafter should bo 
 made of officers in the ZsTavy from the graduates of the Academy, except to 
 lill vacancies in the lower grades of the line and the Engineer and Marine 
 Corps, also repealed the law authorizing 2.5 cadet-engineem to be annu- 
 ally appointed, continuing only the right, at all times, of each Congres- 
 sional district to have one cadet, and of the President to have ten cadets 
 at the Academy ; and provided that all naval ca&ets not needed, on gradu- 
 ation, to fill such vacancies or to make the number of annual appoint- 
 ments reach ten, should be given certificates of graduation, an honorable 
 discharge, and one year's sea-pay. These salutary provisions, which were 
 adopted four years ago for graduates of the Military Academy at West 
 Point, were absolutely necessary in view of the overcrowding of the 
 naval serWce by the addition each year of all the graduates of the Acad- 
 emy from the Congressional districts, and 25 cadet-engineers. The effect 
 upon the school will not be injurious. AYhere all who strive obtain the 
 prize, endeavor will be less than where the rewards are few and only con- 
 ferred in recognition of distinguished merit. Those cadets who are not 
 needed for the l!^avy will have received a superior education at the gov- 
 ernment expense, and with a donation of one years pay in advance, 
 Avill return to civil life admirably fitted to enter and to succeed in the 
 most lucrative employments of peace, while standing always ready with 
 their naval capacities enlarged by their professional or business experi- 
 ence, to come to the aid of the country in time of war. 
 
 NAVAL OBSERVATOEY. 
 
 The report of Vice- Admiral S. C. Rowan, Superintendent of the Naval 
 Observatory, details the important work of that institution during the 
 year, and the provisions made for parties for the observation of the ap- 
 proaching transit of Venus on the 6th day of December at the following 
 points : Cape of Good Hope, Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Santiago de Chile, 
 New Zealand, San Antonio, Tex., Cedar Keys, Fla., Fort Selden, N. 
 Mex., and Washington, D. C. 
 
 The condition oithe old Observatory is such that there should be no 
 furtlier delay in making the necessary approi)riation for the construc- 
 tion of the new Observatory authorized by the act of Congress of Feb- 
 ruary 4, 1880, for which, at a cost of i!*(J3,000, a new site on Georgetown 
 Heights has been alieady i)iirchased. 
 
 REPORT OF THE ADiURAL OF THE NAVY. 
 
 The department has received the supjxtrt and co-oi)eration of the 
 Admiral of the Navy, under whose supervision is phiced the Board of
 
 474 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 Inspection und Survey, and wbo lia8 also ftiven special attention to 
 the appientice training system and to the development of torpedo 
 boats. The report of the Admiral is transmitted, containing his vi^ws 
 upon those subjects, recommending the completion of the monitors, dis- 
 cnssing the question of in-omotion by selection, and advising a stricter 
 enforcement of section 149G of the lievised Statutes, which requires 
 every officer before promotion to establish his mental, moral, and pro- 
 fessional fitness to perform all his duties at sea. 
 
 EXPENDITURES. 
 
 The aijproi^riations available for the current expenses of the fiscal 
 year ending June 30, 18S2, were $14,874,209.55, to which should be 
 added $59,813, transferred from the Navy pension fund to the Xaval 
 Asylum, making a total of $14,934,082.55. There was also a balance on 
 hand at the beginning of the year under the appropriations "pay of the 
 IN"avy" and "pay of the 3Iarine Corps," $1,903,071.50. From this sum 
 should be deducted $1,375,086.16, due from said appropriations to 
 "general account of advances," and also $134.58 carried to the surplus 
 fund. There should, however, be deducted from this balance the sum 
 of $'59,813, appropriated for the Kaval Asylum, as that sum was brought 
 to the credit of the asylum on September 13, 1881, by requisition, and 
 is included in the exhibit of expenditures chargeable to the Ifavy ap- 
 propriations as refunded and deducted from the amount drawn in that 
 month. 
 
 The net amount, therefore, available for the year was $15, 402, 120 37 
 
 The expenditm-es were 13,9:?6,294 96 
 
 Leaving a balance of 1,405,825 41 
 
 To this amount should be added the unexpended balances in the hands 
 of pay officers, as shown by the books of the Fourth Auditor 870, 682 55 
 
 Which shows that the net expenditures for the fiscal year were 2, 336, 507 96 
 
 less than the amount applicable therefor. 
 
 The appropriations available for the operations of the present fiscal 
 
 year ending June 30, 1883, were $15,575,858.98. 
 
 Amount drawn by Warrant from July 1, 18S2, to November 1, 1882 ... 5,220,314 25 
 Amount refunded from July 1, 1882, to November 1, 1882 123, 562 62 
 
 Amount expended 5,096,751 63 
 
 leaving available :S^ovember 1, 1882, $10,479,107.35. 
 
 ESTIMATES. ' 
 
 The Chiefs of the respective Bureaus have furnished, according to sec- 
 tion 430 of the Eevised Statutes, their estimates for the fiscal year ending 
 June 30, 1884 : 
 
 Pay oftheXavy $7,512,580 00 
 
 Pay of the civil establishment of the navy-yards 194,130 00 
 
 Ordnance and Torpedo Corps 669,300 00 
 
 Coal, hemp, equipment 1,021,000 00
 
 REPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 475 
 
 Navigation and navigation supplies $187,000 00 
 
 Repairs and preservation of vesstils 1,750,000 00 
 
 Completing liulls of tlie New York and Mohican '.00, 000 00 
 
 Building hulls of the two new cruisers 2,080,000 00 
 
 Building machinery for tlie two new cruisers 1, 800,000 00 
 
 Completing hulls of four double-tuiTeted monitors ~, 000, 000 00 
 
 Buildhig machinery for the monitors 1. 105,000 00 
 
 Steam machinery, tools, &c 1,200,000 00 
 
 Provisions for the Navy 1, '200, 000 OU 
 
 Medical department 45, OuO 00 
 
 Repairs of hospitals, laboratories, «&c 47, 000 00 
 
 Naval Hospital Fund 50,000 00 
 
 Naval Academy ie2,70!5 20 
 
 Contingent expenses of Department and Bureaus 230,000 00 
 
 Naval Asylum, Philadelphia 92,191 00 
 
 Maintenance of yards and docks 490, 000 00 
 
 Repairs and improvements of navy-yards 3,502,444 00 
 
 Support of Marine Corps 1,004,326 5C 
 
 Total 27,042,tf:8 76 
 
 These estimates may be revised as follows : 
 
 Pay of civil establishment at navy-yards reduced to $122,500 00 
 
 Building hulls of two new cruisers 1,000,000 00 
 
 Building the machinery for the same 1,000,000 00 
 
 Completing hulls of four monitors 1,000,000 00 
 
 Building machinery for the same 582,500 00 
 
 Naval Asylum, Philadelphia 59,813 00 
 
 Maintenance of yards and docks 220,000 00 
 
 Repairs and improvemeutij'of navy-yards 1, 192,571 00 
 
 Making the total revised estimates $20,836,297.76. 
 
 - THE LIGHT -HOUSE SERVICE AND THE COAST SUETET. 
 
 There are employed at the present time 20 oflScers of the Navy in the 
 Light-House Service, and 61 naval officers and 275 seamen in the Coast 
 Survey. 
 
 These two branches of Ihe public ser\ice are maritime in their nature 
 and purpose ; and their objects have no connection with the Treasury 
 Department, uiuler which they are now placed. 
 
 The original assignment of the Light-House Service to the Treasury 
 Department is explained by the fact that wlien it was first established, 
 no Navy Dopartigt'iit cxistod. At one time it was administered by the 
 Commissioner of the Revenue, at another by the Fifth Auditor. The 
 defects of this niTaiigement led to the fonnation, largely through the 
 efforts of naval otliceiKS, of the present mixed board, wbich remalDcd, 
 for no assignable reason, an adjunct of tin' Treasury Department. 
 
 Of the twenty officers of the Xavy enii)li<yed in the Light-House Serv- 
 ice, three are members of the Light-House Board. The chairman of 
 the board is a rear-admiral in the Navy; tlie Naval Secretary, a com- 
 mander in the Na^'y. In the absence of the chairman, the Naval Sec- 
 retary has charge of the office of the Board. The executive committee
 
 47 () REPORT OF THE BECHETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 is composed of the chiiiiinan, the Naval Secretary, and the Jhij^iueer 
 Secretary. Tlioro arc fourteen liglit-house di.stricts, eacli under the 
 l^ersoual charge and superintendence of a naval ofiQcor, detailed exclu- 
 sively for this duty ; and in three districts there are also naval officers 
 detailed as assistant inspectors. Only the erection and repair of build- 
 ings and apparatus arc supervised by engineer officers of the Army, 
 most of whom perform this duty incidentally, and in addition to their 
 regular duties under the War Department. 
 
 The Light-House Board has charge not only of light-houses, but of 
 the establishment and care of all other aids to navigation ; light-ships, 
 beacons, buoys, fog-signals, and sea-marks. No one but a practical 
 navigator can be a competent judge of the wants of mariners in the 
 care and distribution of these aids ; and the Navy Department alone 
 can furnish the skill and experience necessary to provide for the safety 
 of vessels on our coast. 
 
 In view of the existing duties and responsibilities of naval officers in 
 connection with the service, and of the strictly maritime character of 
 the work, it is desirable that the light-house administration should be 
 transferred to the Navy Department. 
 
 The connection of the Coast Survey with the Treasury is even more 
 remote than that of the Light-House establishment. Its primary object, 
 as expressed in the statute (Eevised Statutes, section 4681), is to *" cause 
 a survey to be taken of the coasts of the United States, in which shal- 
 be designated the islands and shoals, with the roads or places of anchorl 
 age, within twenty leagues of any part of the* shores of the United 
 States." Subsequent legislation has extended its operations to parts of 
 the ocean beyond the original limit; and has provided for deep-sea 
 soundings, observations of currents, and for a hydrographic develop- 
 ment of the dangers of ocean navigation on the west coast of North 
 America. 
 
 For the past fifty years the Coast Siu'vey has required and received 
 the support and assistance of the Navy. Thirty naval officers a year 
 on an average have been engaged in the work, and during the last ten 
 years the number has steadily increased. Of the officers now on the 
 active list of the Navy, 232 have at various times been so employed. 
 The amount expended from the naval appropriation for the pay and 
 maintenance of the officers and men employed on Coast-Survey duty in 
 the year 1881 was $220,931.64. As the direct appropriatiou for the 
 Coast Survey for the same year was $567,507.06, it appears that nearly 
 one-third of the total expense of the survey was borne by the Navy. 
 
 The preparation of charts and sailing directions is a work which falls 
 properly within the scope of a naval establishment. It has no inherent 
 connection with the affairs of any other department of the government. 
 As now organized, it is carried on by a nearly independent bureau of 
 the Treasury Department, but the work is largely done by naval offi- 
 cers, and largely supported by naval appropriations.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 477 
 
 In view of these considerations, the union of the Coast Siirvey ad- 
 ministration \dth that of the Xavy is suitable and proper, and wouhl be 
 advantageous to both.* 
 
 Accompanying" this report are sketches of the Light-House Senice 
 and Coast Survey of this and other countries, with reiisons in favor of 
 their administration, in the United States, by the Xavy Dej)artnient, 
 prepared one by Lieut. Seaton Schroeder, and the other by Commander 
 Charles B. Sigsbee, both assisted by reports from abroad made by Lieut. 
 CoDimander French E. Chadwick and Lieut. John C. Soley. 
 
 THE REVENUE MARINE AND LIFE-SAVING SERVICE. 
 
 The Revenue(yutter Service afibrds a proper field for the employment 
 of naval officers. The duty is directly in the line of their profession. 
 They are fitted for it, both by training and experience ; and if they could 
 be so employed without detriment to the interests of the existing corps 
 of officers, a great and permanent benefit to the government and to the 
 Navy would result. 
 
 The service of the cruising cutters is strictly naval. The duties of 
 the officers are not distinguishable in kind from those of naval officers. 
 The discipline is naval, as far as naval discipline can be canied on out- 
 side the Navj' Department. 
 
 The cruising cutters carry an armament of from one to foiu* guns. The 
 crew are armed with small arms. The broadside guns are furnished by 
 the Navy Department, f n time of war these vessels have always been 
 pressed into the naval service. 
 
 At the date of the annual report of 1881 there were thirty-six vessels 
 in the Ivevenue Marine. Deductijig the eight vessels on hmbor duty 
 and five sailing vessels, there remain twenty -three steamers, fifteen of 
 which are propellers of from 131 to 403 tons ; and eight are side-wh*^l 
 steamers of from 201 to -499 tons. These twenty-three vessels, which 
 may be classed as gunboats, are good vessels of their class, and must 
 always be regarded as a part of the available naval force. 
 
 The experience acquired by junior naval officers, if employed in the 
 cutter service, in cruising on our coast, and in assisting vessels in dis- 
 tress, would be of direct benefit in their profession, and to the country 
 in case of war. They would acquire a familiarity with the coast and a 
 knowledge of local pilotage that could not otherwise be obtained. They 
 woidd have practice in the liandling of small vessels under difficult cir- 
 cumstances. Employed at first in the lowest rank, they would readily 
 acquire what-ever might be new or ]>eculiar in this branch of the service. 
 
 In the interests of economy the eliauge suggested is desirable. While 
 the Navy proper is being reduced, the government is keeping up a 
 Revenue Navy of 34 captains, 86 lieutenants, and 65 engineers ; in all, 
 185 officers. Two training schools are maintained to do the work of one. 
 The Naval Academy at Annapolis is supplied with a full corps of in-
 
 478 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 stmctors and every appliance for tlie training at all .times of 335 naval 
 cadets. At the same time, another Hohool is maintained at New Bed- 
 ford for tlio traiiiin;^- ofrllevcnue Marine cadt^ta, covering: the same 
 .i^rouud, only in a limited degree, and with imi)erfect appliances. The 
 Kevenuc Marine cadets r(iccive $900 a year during their service at the 
 school. Kecent legislation has provided that only a part of each grad- 
 uating class at Annapolis shall enter tlie Navy, while the remainder 
 shall be given a year's pay, and remanded to private life. All these 
 young men, upon whom the government has bestowed a gratuitous 
 education, are well-fitted for their profession, from whi(;h they are thus 
 excluded ; and by opeuiug the cruising cutter service to these graduates 
 of the Ilfaval Academy, the government will save, at a single stroke, 
 the whole cost of a duplicate establisbment. 
 
 In order to harmonize all the interests involved in connecting naval 
 officers with the Eevenue Cutter Service, the administration of the two 
 services should be combined under the l^axj Department. The smal 
 vessels employed on harbor duty, which are onlj'- used to carry inspect- 
 ors of customs, and as a sort of harbor police, should remain solely 
 attached to the Treasury, as at present. The duty is not such as to re- 
 quire a special corps of officers. The cruising cutters should be trans- 
 ferred to the Navy Department; but they should be assigned to duty 
 in the various districts, as at present, upon the requisition of the Secre- 
 tary of the Treasury, and their movements may be directed for the time 
 being by the (ioUectors of customs. The present Eevenue Marine officers 
 should become a corps in the Navy, receiving life commissions as naval 
 officers, with all the rights and privileges that belong to such commis- 
 sions, while the vacancies gradually made at the foot of the list should 
 be supplied by the detail of junior officers of the Navy of correspond- 
 ing grade, for service on board the cutters. It is not proposed to re- 
 move the present officers of the Eevenue Marine, or to take away or 
 abridge, in the slightest degree, their privileges or emoluments. On the 
 contrary they would retain all that they now enjoy, and, without re-ex- 
 amination or a new test of any kind, would receive in addition the 
 benefits of a permanent naval commission. Vacancies in the upper 
 grades should continue to be filled by promotion in the corps, and naval 
 officers should only be detailed as vacancies are made at the bottom of 
 the list. The duties of the Eevenue Marine officers would remain the 
 same as they now are; and it should be particularly provided, in any 
 change that might be made, that their position should in no way be al- 
 tered, except by giving all, including the engineers, the same per- 
 manency of tenure now enjoyed only by naval officers, and the same 
 right of being placed upon the retired list of the Navy in case of ex- 
 treme age or disability — changes in every respect advantageous. 
 
 If the transfer of the Eevenue Marine to the Navy should be deemed 
 desirable, the Life- Saving Service would probably follow. The two 
 serviceii are already so closely connected, and the tendency towards a
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 479 
 
 further union is so strong, that they would necessarily be conducted 
 toj^ether. By the act of 1878, it was provided that the otiiccrs of the 
 lievenue ]V[arine should be detailed for duty as inspectors and assistant 
 inspectors of life-savinj!^ stations. A captain of the Revenue Marine is 
 the superintendent of construction in the Life-Saving Service. The 
 cruising cutters co-oi)erate actively in tlic work and are frequently em- 
 l)loyed in the assistance of vessels in distress. 
 
 If it is not the policy of the governniout to make appropriations for 
 sutiicient ships of war to give adequate occupation to all our naval otfi- 
 i^ers, it should certainly nutke use of them in every branch of the public 
 service for which they are fitted. A highly trained corps of otlicers, 
 such as modern naval warfare demands, cannot be created in a day. 
 If the personnel of the Navy is to be kept at its present standard of 
 quality and numbers, it must be utilized in every form of government 
 employment for which it is adapted. In this Wew it hardly admits of 
 question that the lievenue Marine and the Life-Saving Service should 
 be joined with the Navy. No disturbance of vested interests would be 
 caused by the transfer; on the contrary, every i)rovision would be made 
 to guard against such a disturbance. But a new field would be opened 
 for the services of otlicers alrea<ly at the disj)osal of the government, 
 which by their training they are in every way qualified to occupy. 
 
 Interesting information and suggestions concerning the Kevenue 
 Marine, i)repared, by orders from the Navy Department, by Master 
 George H. Peters, and relative to the Life-Saving Service, })repare(l by 
 Lieut. Albert G. Berry, including reports from abroad, are transmitted 
 with this report. 
 
 THE C0]VI1VIERCIAL MARINE. * 
 
 The interests of the Navy are inseparably involved with those of the 
 commercial marine of the country. The protection of commerce is the 
 first object of a naval establishment; and unless efli(;i«'nt i)reparation 
 for such protection is made, a single war may destroy a nation's merchant 
 fieet beyond hope of recovery. The carrying trade, when once diverted, 
 is slow to return to its old channels. It requires more supervision and 
 care than almost any other industry, and a nuiritime state which fails to 
 give it the fullest encouragement is neglecting its most vital interests. 
 
 As the merchant marine is dependent at critical perioils uj>on the 
 Navy, so, on the other hand, the Navy, no matter how strong it maybe, 
 must, in emergencies, avail itself of the resources of the merchant ma- 
 rine. This is especially true in the United States, whose policy does* not 
 admit of a large standing naval force. This was clearly shown during 
 the rebellion. At its outbreak the Navy had nominally a tonnage of 
 105,L'71 tons. To increase it, 215,97') tons of shi])ping were bought. 
 These purchased vessels were ill-suited for war pur[»oses, but they were 
 none the less indispensable. If ten years before the war our mai-itime
 
 480 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAYY. 
 
 iieceasitics had been recognized, and the relations of the Navy and the 
 merchant marine had been understood and organized, the government 
 might hav(^ Kav(;d many millions of dollars, and have had in the begin- 
 ning vessels capable of capturing the English-built commerce -destroy- 
 ers and blockade-runners. 
 
 As the Navy must thus in emergencies resort to the merchant marine 
 for slii})s, it must also draw upon it for officers and men to supply its 
 deficiencies. The nautical training which is a necpssary qualification 
 for efficient service can only be found in the officers and men of the 
 merchant marine. The additions to the Navy thus made during thQ 
 war were 7,500 officers and over 40,000 seamen. 
 
 The naval establishment is further dejMindent on the merchant 
 marine through its relation to the ship-building interest. It must be 
 able to build ships within the country ; and all the requirements for 
 ship-building must here exist. The plant and the^skilled mechanics 
 must be here. But the ordinary demands of the Navy will not support 
 a single establishment; and ship-builders cannot exist unless they find 
 employment and profit iu building commercial vessels. If, therefore, the 
 present downward tendency of the merchant marine is unchecked, the 
 Navy will soon be in such a position that, in the event of a war, it will 
 be unable to build a single vessel or to recruit its numbers by officers 
 or seamen of nautical experience. 
 
 Important as the merchant marine is on military grounds as an aux- 
 iliary of the Navj', it is more indispensable to the general welfare on 
 economical grounds. 
 
 To a country with an extensive seacoast and numerous harbors, the 
 possession of a mgrchaut marine is an economical necessity. It is a 
 form of enterprise which promotes and diffuses the influence of a 
 nation beyond its borders far more than agriculture, or mines, or man- 
 ufactures. It quickens the nation's powers and infuses life and vigor 
 into its international relations. The freight earnings of our vessels 
 incretise by so much the balance of trade in our favor, while the freight 
 earnings of foreign vessels increase the balance against us. The busi- 
 ness which American ship-owners have lost would have employed 
 thousands of seamen and mechanics. But all the benefits of the carry- 
 ing trade have accrued to a foreign jwpulation, and the profits have 
 gone to enrich foreign investors. 
 
 The aggi-egate profits of the carrying trade are enormous, and 85 
 per cent of our trade is now absorbed by foreign ships. The earnings 
 for the transportation of ocean freights to and from the United States 
 amount to one hundred and thirty-five millions per annum, American 
 ships carrying less than one-sixth of the value of the goods. The ag- 
 gregate of American tonnage for the year ending June 30, 1881, was 
 4,057,734 tons; of this amount 452,343 tons were barges and canal- 
 boats. Over half a million more must be classed as river steamers; 
 and a like amount should be deducted for vessels on the lakes. There
 
 REPORT Of THE SECRETARY, OF TJIE NAVY. 481 
 
 remain 2,500,000 tons as a fair estimate of owr maritime tonnage. But 
 sailing vessels make up 75 per cent of Xliis amoiiut. The last might 
 almost be omitted from the calculation, ^r at this day the strength pt 
 a merchant marine lies in its steamers, not in its sail tonnage. There 
 are only 152,709 tons of steamers registfjred for foreign trade, of which 
 97,700 tons are built of iron ; 02 vessels iu all, at an average of 1,500 
 tons. 
 
 Of the 44,403 tons of steamers built on our seaboard in ISSl, oulj- 
 eight vessels are classed as ocean steanu-rts. Their aggregate tonnage 
 was 5,952 tons, or about one i)er cent of the ocean steam-tonnage built 
 in Great Britain in the sa-me year. The total tonnage of iron steamers 
 built during this year was only 28,350 tons ; and there are no steel 
 steamers under the flag of the United States. 
 
 It follows that though our aggregate tonnage 6till reaches a respecta- 
 ble figure, yet the ships which it represents fail to meet the demands of 
 ocean commerce, and would beof little use for war purposes. It is not a 
 modem merchant fleet, and is being fast crowded out by foreign com- 
 petition. 
 
 The following table, gi\ing the percentage of the foreign carrying 
 txade of the United States which has been performed by Americ<in ves- 
 sels since 1840, at intervals of live years, shows at a glance the decline 
 of our maritime industries: 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 1840 S2.9 
 
 1345 dl.7 
 
 1850 72.5 
 
 1855 75.6 
 
 1860 06. r. 
 
 1865 27.7 
 
 1870 35.6 
 
 1875 25.8 
 
 1880 17.4 
 
 1881 16.0 
 
 1882 15.5 
 
 The intervening years show occasional short ])eriods of recovery, but 
 the decline has not been arrested ; and in the last three years it has 
 been so marked and so rapid that, unless a change so<:)n takes place, our 
 merchant marine will he cut oil' from the foreign trade altogether. 
 
 As we are losing trade and falling ofl" in tonnage, so we are throwing 
 our seafaring population out of employment, or compelling them to 
 seek support in other pursuits or under other flags. During the years 
 between 1800 and 1874, 298 natives of the United States received cer- 
 tificates as masters in the British merchant umrine. These men had 
 received their training under their own flag, but the want of opportunity 
 for service ha<l driven them into foreign employment. 
 
 It may be argued that capital would be put into shipping if shipping 
 were profitable. The reply is that shipping would become profitable it 
 31 Ab
 
 ■ib2 ' KEPOKT OF THE .SECKETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 it rrc(!iv<Ml ;is fair treat iiuuit as ollior forms oT iiivcKtmont. All the in- 
 terests liable to sutler Irom forei^^n e,otni)etition are ])rotecte(l ; but that 
 (iouiniercial industry in which Hnteriuitional competition is shari)e8t, in 
 which rival nations come face to face, is left by the government to take 
 care of itself. If n)anul'actures are i)rotecte(l and nothinj^ is done for 
 shipping, ca[)ital will seek employment in manufactures, from which 
 the government guarantees a return. Even our trans-continental rail- 
 ways, Avhich had nothing to fear from foreign competition, liave received 
 grants which in comparison place the interoceanic carrying trade under 
 fatal disadvantages. 
 
 But it is not merely from a passive policy of neglect that United 
 States vessels in the foreign trade are suffering. They are burdened 
 with grievous impositions, local and national, in the shape of fees, taxes, 
 pilotage-dues, and other exactions. In order to give shipping a fair 
 chance in the competition for capital, it must be placed on an e(iual foot- 
 ing with other industries, and it must be relieved from all unuecessary 
 burdens. 
 
 For the foregoing purpose several remedies are suggested, having for 
 their object (1) the removal of impositions, (2) the extension of protec- 
 tive measures to the neglected industry, and (3) the reform of adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 I. — ^THE REMOVAL CV IMPOSITIONS, 
 
 1. Compulsory pilotage. — Pilotage is regulated by the States, and is 
 generally compulsory. The fees are excessive, and the numbers and 
 qualifications of pilots are largely left to the control of associations 
 formed by themselves. An estimate made by the Chamber of Com- 
 merce of ISTew York for 1881 places the amount received by 129 New 
 York pilots and 47 New Jersey pilots, employed at that port, at not less 
 than $775,000 annually. The defects of the present system should be 
 remedied by the enactment of a general law permitting captains, after 
 examination, to pilot their own vessels. 
 
 2. Local taxation. — Efforts should be made to secure the extension of 
 the movement, already begun by the priucijial seaboard States, for the 
 abolition of local taxes on shipping. 
 
 3. Compensation/or tramportaiion of destitute seamen. — Masters of ves- 
 sels in foreign ports are required to bring home, upon requisition of the 
 consuls, such American seamen as they may send on boa rd. The compen- 
 sation is limited to $10. The master has a right to emi)loy these sea- 
 men in navigating the vessel, but the poor quality of the men, coui)led 
 Aviththe small rate of the allowance, makes the requirement a hardship 
 to owners. 
 
 4. Three months' exira tcnges. — For each seaman discharged in a for- 
 eign port, three months' extra wages must be collected by the consul 
 from the master of the vessel. A broad discretion is allowed to con- 
 suls in rtftaking discharges, and their frequency makes the provision of
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 483 
 
 the statute a severe burden. The aggregate payments under this head 
 amount to $90,000 per annum. 
 
 5. Consular fees. — The fees paid for consular services constitute an- 
 other heavy burden. One cent per ton is charged for receiving a ship's 
 papers, and for other services fees varying from 25 cents to 85. The 
 charges incurred by a vessel in calling ata single port frequently amount 
 to $50. Assuming that one-half the fees returned by consuls in the year 
 ]881 were collected from shiijping, the aggregate amount would have 
 been $400,000. 
 
 6. MiseeUaneoMS fees. — All the fees for services in connection with 
 shipping are fixed at high rates. For admeasurement for tonnage the 
 fee may amount to 830 for a vessel of moderate size. The fees for 
 steamboat inspection and for licensing officers amounted in 1881 to 
 $307,554. The fees paid to shipping commissioners are also excessive, 
 being $2 for each seaman enlisted and 50 cents for each seaman dis- 
 charged. For a steamer in the foreign trade, with a crew numbering 
 fifty persons, enlisted and discharged six times a year, the annual cost 
 ^yould be $750. 
 
 n. — PROTECTIVR MEASURES. 
 
 One plan proposed for the revival of the merchant marine is the 
 grant of a government bounty for the construction of vessels in the 
 United Statesj and a further bounty for their navigation in the foreign 
 trade. 
 
 Both measures have been adopted in the recent French nu'rchant 
 shipping law of January 29, 1881. - The law provides for a bounty to be 
 given to all vessels built in France after its passage, at the following 
 rates : For iron or steel vessels, $11.58 per gross ton ; for wooden vessels 
 of 200 tons or over, $3.86 per ton; for wooden vessels under 200 tons, 
 $1.93 per ton; for composite vessels, $7.72 per ton; and for machinery, 
 $2.32 per 100 kilograms, or a little more than one cent per pound. 
 
 The law also provides for navigation bounties, granted for ten years 
 to all vessels in tlie foreign trade, except those belonging to the subsi- 
 dized mail lines, of 29 cents, per net ton, tor every 1,000 miles traversed. 
 The bounty decreases annually, 1 cent for iron vessels, li cents for 
 wooden vessels, and 1 A cents for composite vessels. It is increased 15 
 per cent for vessels built according to plans approved by the Xavy De- 
 partment; and in case of war all merchant vessels may bo required for 
 state puri)oses. All vessels receiving navigation bountie»are requiro<l 
 to cany tlie mails and one mail agent free of charge. 
 
 It is calculated that the elTect of the construction bounty provided by 
 the French law will be equal to a protection oT 12 per cent on the 
 cost of the vessel; and the annual charge upon the trea^snry, on the 
 basis of the construction of 50,000 tons of steamers a year, will be 
 $855,955. 
 
 Estimates of the effect of the navigation bounty show that it will
 
 484 REPORT OF TH?J SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 yield an average return of il to 10 ])(T cent per annum on the coHt of 
 the veHsel, and that the annual charge upon the treasury, during the 
 ten years for which the bounties are established, will average $1,439,780. 
 
 Any figures that might ])e given to show the eflect of the French law 
 would b(; conjectural, as suflicient time has not elapsed to bring in full 
 returns. But it is clear that the aid given by the state will enable 
 French shi])-owners to carry on business at a profit. Foreign shipping, 
 which now has a large share in the carrying trade, will bo thrown out 
 of competition; and the probable eflect of the law will be the speedy 
 creation of a great merchant navy, and one that would be a valuable 
 auxiliary in time of war. The law has already had a marked effect in 
 giving a stimuhis to ship-building and ship-owning, and in reawaken- 
 ing these declining industries. 
 
 A memorial was presented to the Gennan Parliament April G, 1881, 
 by Prince Bismarck, in which that acute and far-sighted statesman rec- 
 ommended in the strongest terms the adoption of a measure similar to 
 that recently adopted in France. 
 
 The principle governing the French law has frequently been advo- 
 cated in this country. A bill embodying it was favorably reported, in 
 1870, by a select committee of the House of Representatives on the 
 causes of the reduction of American tonnage. In his report of Decem- 
 ber 4, 1871, the Secretary of the Treasury recommended the passage of 
 a law carrying out a similar plan. 
 
 But the most natural, legitimate, and effective method of protecting 
 and reviving the merchant marine of the country is to pay a compen- 
 sation for cariying the United States mails in American ships on the 
 great ocean highways sufficient to result in the permanent establish- 
 ment of fast steamship lines. It is not the cost of building the ships 
 that deters our capitalists from investing in lines of steamships. It is 
 the impossibility of competing by such lines, during the earlier years 
 of their existence, with the lines already in successful operation and 
 sustained by large annual payments from foreign governments. 
 
 The amounts paid by the English Government during the year end- 
 ing March 31, 1882, for foreign mail service, were $2,963,525; for home 
 packet service, $527,500 (of which amount $429,500 was for the rapid 
 mail service between Kingstown, Ireland, and Holyhead); and for colo- 
 nial contracts (Australia), $881,250, making in all $4,372,275. These pay- 
 ments were in continuation of a system under which England has paid 
 as mail compensation to her steamship lines during the last fifteen years 
 from four to six millions of dollars annually. 
 
 The amounts paid py France in 1878 for foreign mail service were 
 $4,505,052.65. In 1879 Austria paid $1,034,044, and Italy paid $1,593,- 
 214 ; while for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1880, the United States 
 paid for foreign mail service only $196,684.08. 
 
 Only by this system of liberal compensation to home lines for car-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 485 
 
 rying the mails have otker nations taken possession of the commercial 
 "waters of the world, driven out the vessels of the United States, and 
 destroyed their participation in the profits of the carrying trade. By 
 this method only have these nations secured an auxiliary navy of great 
 power and imjwrtance, compelling every steamship company receiving 
 a mail contract to furnish ships built according to governmental re- 
 quirements and subject to be taken for national use in time of war. 
 
 Is tJiere any other way by which the United States can resume her 
 place among the powerful maritime nations, instead of continuing, as 
 now, to sink rapidly toward insignificance upon the ocean? Most as- 
 suredly not. To strive successfully for the commerce of the ocean we 
 nrast meet England and France with their own weapons. It is neces- 
 sary that Congress should assimilate steamships and railroads in their 
 treatment, to the extent of paying steamships for carrying the mails of 
 the United States good compensation — as good as the government now 
 pays railways for ])erforming similar service. I advise that Congress 
 be asked to authorize advertisements for proposals and the execution of 
 contracts with the lowest bidders for carrying the I'nited States mails 
 for terms of years from the principal home ports over the important 
 ocean lines to foreign jwrts, in fleet American-built steamers, to be con- 
 structed under the super\ision of the government, adapted to naval 
 nse in time of war, commanded by. naval officers, and subject in any 
 emergencies to be taken possession of by the government. This policy, 
 and this alone, will again cover the commercial seas of the world with 
 vessels carrying the American flag, and furnish to the country a fleet 
 of fast iron or steel steamships, which will be in fact a part of the navy; 
 maintained at slight expense to the government; increasing every day 
 our trade and commercial prosperity; and without which there will not 
 long be a need of any considerable naval force. 
 
 HI. — UKKoUM OI" APMINISTIJATIOX — BUKKAI' OF MERCAN'TILE MARINE. 
 
 The various services now charged with the supervision and regula- 
 tion of matters relating to the merchant marine should be brought 
 together in one de|);irtinent or bureau of the government, which should 
 be distinctly charged with the execution of laws concerning the ship- 
 ping interests of tlie country, and to wlii(!h the ship-owners could look 
 for assistance, and for the reception and presentation of their claims. 
 
 Thei-e exists at present no responsible head to which are intrusted 
 the interests of our merchant marine. Those branches of the subject 
 of which the government undertakes sui)ervision are so scattered among 
 subordinate offices, variously related ami looselj' organized, that the in- 
 dustry might almost as well be left to itself. 
 
 The registry, eniullment, and license of vessels is placed in the office 
 of the Kegisterof tlie Treasury, with the regular work of which it has «i 
 purely accidental connection, and the details are carried out by the col-
 
 486 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OP THE NAVY. 
 
 lectors of customs. The inspection of steam-vessels, witli its euiiil)rous 
 machinery of a board of executive officers, who report to tbeinselves and 
 legislate for themselves, also finds a place in the Treasury iJepartmeut, 
 with whose ordinary functions it has no connection whatever; while 
 there exists iu another department a body of officers, the naval engi- 
 neers, whose daily occupation fits them directly for such inspection duty. 
 The local inspectors are now appointed by a board of officials composed, 
 by a singular provision of law, of a district judge, a collector of cus- 
 toms, and a supervising inspector. The shipping commissioners, who 
 are charged with all administrative matters relating to our 100,000 sail- 
 ors, are appointed, under another singular provision, by the judges of 
 circuit courts. Finally, by a still more remarkable arrangement, the 
 service for the care of sick and disabled seamen, with its numerous and 
 spacious hospitals and its large corps of surgeons, is in charge of a 
 bureau of the Treasury, while naval seamen are cared for by another 
 department, with duplicate hospitals and a sei)arate corps of practi- 
 tioners. 
 
 Under these circumstances, it has been inevitable that the subject 
 of the regulation of our merchant marine should never have been looked 
 at as a whole, and that the government should have followed no con- 
 sistent plan or jwlicy. These fragments of administrative supervision, 
 scattered among various officials, should be gathered up and welded 
 together in order that they may acquire coherence and efficiencj'. This 
 is an important step in the revival of our depressed maritime industries. 
 
 The simj)lest and most natural method of accomplishing the desired 
 object consists in the establishment of a Bureau of Mercantile jMarine, 
 in the Navy Department. The scope of its operations may be defined 
 at the outset to cover those branches of administration which exist at 
 the i)resent time, in other connections, and which, as already mentioned, 
 include, (1) the registry, enrollment, and license of vessels; (2) the in- 
 spection of steam vessels ; (3) the shipment of seamen. 
 
 (1.) Under the head of registry, enrollment, and license would be 
 included the duties of the tonnage division attached to the office of the 
 Eegister of the Treasury, where the records are kept of the tonnage of 
 registered, licensed, and enrolled vessels, and from which certificates 
 are issued by the Eegister through the collectors of customs. 
 
 (2.) Under the head of inspection of steam vessels would be included 
 all the duties performed by the inspection service — the supervising in- 
 spector-general, the supervising inspectors, the inspectors of foreign 
 Bteam vessels, and the local boards. The service, in being placed under 
 the new bureau, would undergo a simple administrative transfer, no 
 change being made in the details of organization, further than to do 
 away with the central board, and to add to the local bodies an inspector 
 of navigation, who would supply an urgent want of the service, by ex- 
 amining and certifying as to instruments and charts and uniting with 
 the inspector of hulls and the inspector of boilers iu the examination of 
 officers.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 487 
 
 A .sli^ut oxaiiiiiiatioii ol' llie (iiilics d" iM,si)CCtors of steam vessels 
 shows their special and teehuieal chaiacler and their close relation to 
 the nautical profession as it exists to-day. The inspector of hulls is re- 
 quired to satisfy himself as to the structure of the ship, the accommo- 
 dations for ])assengers and crew, tiie completeness of e<}uipment for sav- 
 ing life and for extinguishinii tire, and the sufficiency of anchors and 
 cables. The. inspec^tor of boilers must inquire into the safety and suffi- 
 ciency of the boilers and engines, including everything that pertains to 
 the steam ma«:hinery. Together, the two inspectors, acting as a board, 
 examine the qiLalilicationsof masters, chief mates, eugine«'rs, and i)ilot8 
 of steam vessels, and upon their favorable report, licenses for the term 
 of one year are issued. They receive fiom licensed officers reports of 
 all accitlents, and ihey investigate charges of incomi)etency or neglect 
 against such officers. Power is given to summon witnesses, and u]>on 
 I)roof of misbehavior, negligence, or unskiilfulness, the local board may 
 susi)eud or revoke a license. 
 
 (.i.) Under the head of the shipment of seamen would be included 
 the duties of the .shipi)ing commissioners, which are, to keep a register 
 of seamen, to sui)erintend their enlistment and discharge, to i)ruvide 
 means for securing their presence on board as engaged, and to facilitate 
 ai)i)renticeshii)s. Being ai)pointed and controlled by the circuit courts 
 of the United States, Ihey are not directly connected with any executive 
 department, nor does any departmentr make a detailed report of their 
 doings. , 
 
 The Buieau of Mercantile Mariue should inelnde an au\ili;;ry board 
 composed of representatives of maritime and commercial interests 
 and specially qualilied officers of the government, to advise and assist in 
 the oi)eratious of the bureau. Marine offices should be established at the 
 principal ports, under the direction of the Bureau of ]\rercantile Maiine, 
 which should be the offices of record of bills of sale, transfers, and hy- 
 pothecations of vessels, and at which the business of the local inspectors 
 and the shipping commissioners should be transacted. In the matter 
 of registrntion of vessels, the Bureau of Mercantile Mariiu* would per- 
 form the duties of tlie llegister-s office, and the local boards those of the 
 collectors of customs, and the admeasurement of vessels for tonnage 
 would also fall to the local board. 
 
 It is believed tliat a reorganization of the service, such as is sug- 
 gested, while it would strengtluMi the merchant marine, would incident- 
 ally be a benelit to the Navy. The natural connection between the two 
 has already been itointed out, but the total separation in matters of 
 administration luis blinded our ])Coplo to the fact that, in consequence 
 of the decline of our maritime industries, naval opi^rations in the event 
 of a war would be paralyzed by the want of materials with which to 
 cany them on. ICveu if a merchant fleet existed to sui)jtly this deli- 
 ciency, the Navy Department is notsup[)lied with the information, nor 
 its officers with the facilities, nor its bureaus with the machinery, to
 
 488 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 eiuible tbeiii to avail tliemsclvcs of suuh scattered reHouice.s as our 
 maritime industries would adord. Tbo Navy Department possesses 
 special advjnitafios lor c;irryin<j;- outtlie proposed transfer. The bureau 
 system, in operation in the Department, can be extended to include the 
 mercantile marine without confusing or involving its afl'airs with those 
 of any other branch of the service. In process of time, naval officers 
 jViiniliar with the construction of vessels, the qualities of engines and 
 boilers, the qualilications of masters and mates, and the needs of sea- 
 men, can be partly employed in the details of administration, with ben- 
 efit to themselves and to the interests that are jdaced in their charge. 
 
 E*repared by Lieut. Carlos G. Calkins and appended to this rei)ort 
 are full statistics of the decadence of our commercial marine; a summary 
 of the defects in our admiuistrative laws governing the same ; a com- 
 parison of our system with that of other nations, and arguments in 
 favor of the establishment, in the Navy Department, of such a bureau of 
 commercial marine. 
 
 If it should be deemed ad\isable to establish the Bureau of Mercantile 
 Marine in the Navy De])artment,the Marine and Naval Hospital services 
 would naturally be united. Obviouslj'^ the department with which the 
 service is naturally associated is the Navy Department — a department 
 which now has the physical care of 8,250 seamen, a department to which 
 the service is akin, to which it is of the greatest importance to foster, 
 by every means at its command, that very class wliom the service is 
 designed to relieve ; and in which there is a bureau specially charged 
 with the care and comfort of seafaring men. 
 
 Valuable facts and statistics upon this subject of marine and naval 
 hospitals have been collected and arranged by Midshipman Philip E. 
 Alger, and are herewith transmitted. 
 
 1 
 The criticisms and recommendations in this report are made with a 
 sincere and earnest desire to promote the success of the Navy and the i 
 commercial interests of the country. If the naval establishment is not j 
 to be made effective, it should be discontinued, and the fifteen millions 
 annually expended should be reserved to procure, in national emer- 
 gencies, the assistance of foreign ships and guns. If governmental 
 measures are not soon ado])ted to promote the carrying trade and to 
 an'est the disappearance of American ships from the ocean, we shall 
 soon cease to be a seafaring people and shall not need to maintain a 
 Navy of our own. Tliese are strong ex])ressious, but they are justified 
 and required by the i:)reseut condition of our naval and maritime interests. 
 
 WILLIAM E. CHANDLER, 
 
 Secretary of the ^\ivy.
 
 P A P E K S 
 
 ACCOMPANVINTi 
 
 THE REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 REPOET OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF YARDS AND 
 
 DOCKS. 
 
 Bureau of Yards and Docks, 
 
 Navy Depauj'ment, 
 Washington, 1). C, October 1>, 1882. 
 
 Sir: Tlie following? report of the oi)eiatious of this bureau, for the 
 liscal year en^injj June 30, 1882, and estimates for the fi.scal year eiul- 
 iiig June 30, lb8'l, are respectiuUy preyentcid. 
 
 NAVY-YARD, PORTSMOUTH, N. H. 
 
 The amount appropriated for the various i)urpose3 of this yard has 
 been cal-efully and judiciously applied, and the property is in as j;ood 
 condition as cnn be reasonably expected. 
 
 The sum of 85,000 was approjjrijited in 1881 for improvement of the 
 water sui)i»ly. Under this appropriation, connections by pipes have 
 been made with the chief sources of sujiply, and a large amount of pipe 
 has been laid. 
 
 From la(;k of fuiuls Ihe water head has been neglected, andthei)onds 
 have become so clogged by grass and weeds as to seriously diminish the 
 body of water. It is necessary that these ponds shall be cleared of 
 vegetable and other accumulations, and their capacity increased. For 
 this purpose an estimate of $2r>,000 is presented. 
 
 NAVY-YAED, BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 Tlie usual work of repairs, &c., has been can-ied on at this yard as 
 economically as possible, but, nevertheless, the sum allotted for the care 
 of this vast pr<)i)erty has not been sulitii:ient to prevent deterioration. 
 For the ])reseut fiscal year the au)0unt ai)propriiited was only half that 
 of the previous year, and the estimates ior the coming year are the same 
 as last. 
 
 For imi)rovement of the yard, I respectfully renew the recommenda- 
 tions of my last annual report, in fa\'or of the following works, vii; : 
 
 For yiirds and docks workshops (esliaiatoil cosr) SGli, 7^i» 
 
 For n:liiyin;Li; water main, Hco 1'), IHXi 
 
 For c.irt'slu-.l 10,408 
 
 For paviiiff mid ^riidiiig 'JO, 000 
 
 For caisson lor dry-dock'! i :!l,(M)0 
 
 Extensive repairs tomacliine-sliop 45, 000 
 
 Tlie deterioration which has taken place since these works were first 
 estimated for, and that \\ Inch will take place before the money is avail- 
 able, has rrndcrcd au increase over the oiiginal estimates necessary. All 
 these works are impoitant and r'ssi'Utial. 
 
 The wharfage of this yard is in a veri' defective condition, and ex- 
 tensive repairs, and in some, cases rcliuilding. uw absolutely necessary. 
 I therefore deem it my duty to aak for au appropriation of 887,000 for 
 this purpose. 
 
 489
 
 490 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The. uiKlcrjjrou 11(1 water sorvicc is in .sii(!li (joiulitioii as to cau.se a large 
 aiimial outlay lor repairs aiid gr(;at waste from leaka^^e. The pixies 
 should be renewed. 
 
 NAVAL STATION, NEW LONDON, CONN. 
 
 I respectfully renew my reeommendation of last year, for au ai)])roi)ri- 
 atiou of ."jfl5(),()00, for connneiicing the constnu^liou of a quay wall along 
 the water-front of this yard. 
 
 NAVY-YARD, NEW Y'ORK. 
 
 The amount of funds available during the past year was iuadefjuate 
 to the requirements, and where so much was to be don<^ it was diilicult 
 to know exactly where to apply it, but it is believed that it has been 
 judiciously expended. 
 
 For the present fiscal year appropriation was made for dredging, 
 $30,000; intercepting sewer, $00,000; caisson, $30,000. Contracts are 
 now being made for the sewer work, and the dredging and caisson will 
 soon be taken in hand. 
 
 An estimate for $78,930 is presented for the erecti(m of a building to 
 be used for the storage and preservation of property pertaining to yards 
 and docks departnient. I deem this a most imi)ortant and mucli needed 
 improvement, as the above storage is now only partially ettected in 
 wooden buildings and shanties, inconveniently located, illy adapted to 
 the pnrpose, unsightly, ami in some cases unsafe, and for want of stor- 
 age room valuable tools and implements are exposed to damage and loss. 
 
 The original plan of the machine shop for steam engineering contem- 
 plated two wings, one for boiler shoii and the other for an erecting shop. 
 I respectfully renew my recommendation of last year for an appropria- 
 tion of $135,243 for the erection of the boiler-shop wing to this build- 
 ing. The erection of this wing will add much to the etficieucy of the 
 steam engineering department, by concentration. The present boiler 
 shop is at some distance from the machine shop, inconveniently located, 
 and is in an unsafe condition. After being rejjaired it can he devoted 
 to other purposes. 
 
 The temporary shed for the protection of shipwrights and others em- 
 ployed upon vessels in the dry-dock is in a very bad condition, ueediiig 
 repairs amounting virtually to rebuilding. It is proposed to erect by 
 the side of the dock a permanent brick and iron structure for the above 
 purpose, where M'"orkmen can be protected in all weather and an esti- 
 mate of its cost is respectfully presented, viz, $13,814. 
 
 The building at present used as a paint shop is very old, built of 
 wood and needing very extensive repairs (which it is hardly worth), its 
 floors oil-soaked, and the whole concern a constant danger from Hre. An 
 estimate of $19,98G is presented to erect a substantial fire-proof build- 
 ing in its ])l«ce. 
 
 Until the sewer authorized to be built across the yard to the east 
 river is completed, the sewerage of the northeastern portion of the city 
 of Brooklyn must continue to be emptied into the water-front of this 
 yard to the great injury of the channel, imi)airmeut of its limited water- 
 front, destructive of property, and detrimental to health. 
 
 To preserve this channel, prevent the imi)airment of the limited water- 
 front, and to keep the entrance to the dry-dock always accessible, dredg- 
 ing is an absolute necessity, and an estimate of $50,000 is respectfully 
 presented for this purpose.
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 491 
 
 The so-called cob-dock, a valuable adjunct to this yard for stora^^o 
 and other ])urposes, is iu a very bad condition and needs « xrensive re- 
 pairs for its jireservatioii. An estimate of $75,000 is presented for the 
 comuienceiaent of this much needed work. 
 
 LEAGUE ISLAND NAYY-YAED. 
 
 The ordinary ojjerations of this station Lave been conducted with 
 economy and j^ood ju<lgment. It is not a com|>Ieted yard, but on the 
 contrary is only in its infancy; theivfore its needs are great. 
 
 Permanent l)uildiny;s are needed for worlvsh()i)S and storehouses for 
 the ditferent departments, oliice buildinjis for the transaction of busi- 
 ness, and dwellinjis for the othcers stationed there, coisting probably 
 some $700,000, but as the nature of the locality is such that no pernui- 
 neut l)uildings can be erected until the land is prepared therefor, I pre- 
 sent no estimate ibr them. I, however, resj)ectfully present an estimate 
 for 5>Lj5,000 ibr dnnlgin^- and fillin*;- in. Before buildings are erected 
 this lillinji-in i)rocess must be carried on and time jiiven for tiie material 
 to settle to ])ernianeut grade. The filling-iu mateiial to be takeu mostly 
 from the back channel. 
 
 A wharf on the Delaware front is much needed, and, should building 
 operations be commenced on a large scale, will become an absolute ne- 
 <*essity, and an estimate for this purpose is therefore presented of $2G,- 
 410. 
 
 I would also strongly recommend the continuance of the paving sys- 
 tem already begun, as in wet weather the roads of the yanl are almost 
 impassable. An estimate forcontinuiug paving of $12,204 is presented, 
 
 WASHINGTON NAVY- YARD, D. 0. 
 
 The general condition of thebuildings and works under the cognizance 
 of this Bureau, is very fair, and gives evidence that the a]Ji)ropriation 
 has been carefully expended. 
 
 The following estimates are respectfully ])reseuted for works of im- 
 ])rovement, considered necessary to its efiiciency, viz : 
 
 The ordnance nuu;hiu<^shop, 89."), 000. 
 
 The building at i)resent used for this i)urpose was surveyed iu June, 
 1881, ami found to be unsafe. It was extensively repaired, and reduced 
 one story, and is now inadequate to the requirement of the ordnance 
 de]tartment. The board of survey recon)mended ilie erection of a new 
 building, and its re])ort was approved by the honorable iSecretarv of 
 the Xavv .Uiiu' ;}0, 1881. 
 
 Steam" tug oi'lU feet draft, $o,000. 
 
 This tug is a necessary adjunet to the dredging a])paratus-and its 
 operations. It is proposed to remove the dredged material to the Hats 
 opjtosite the yard, and for this work light draft is necessary. 
 
 For continuation of dredging, $15,000. 
 
 The western limit of this navy-yard is only protected by the adjoin 
 ing nuirshy land, and is entirely open to access by unauthorize«l per- 
 sons and conse<puMit depredation and mischief. An estimate of $21,711 
 is asked for to extend the yard wall along this boundary to the river. 
 
 In this connection I deem it advisable to renew the recomnu'ndation 
 made in tbrmer years for the purchase by the govennuent of square 
 .853, ami even to extend this purchase to tlie east house-line of Fourth 
 street. The latter will give us iirm land on which to erect the wall, 
 while with the i»r<'sent liuiits, or with the addition of s(jnare 853, the 
 wall would be built through the marsh at eonsiderably greater eost. An 
 estimate of $12,004 is presented for the purchase of square ^53.
 
 492 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 NORFOLK NAVY-YARD. 
 
 This yard is in fair condition, and Las been well cared for. 
 
 The following works of improvement are reconimeudedaud estimates 
 presented therefcn-: 
 
 Extending railroad tracks, &e., $30,000. 
 
 The annual cost of transportation in this yard, to this Bureau, is be- 
 tween $15,000 and $20,000, and very slow at that. It is proposed to 
 make connections with proper turn-onts, &c.,with the wharves and store- 
 houses, and with a small engine and a few cars the transportation in 
 this \ard, it is believed, can be reduced below $10,000. 
 
 Extension of quay wall, $300,000. 
 
 This very ini])ortant work should be carried on as rapidly as possible, 
 as a matter of economy. Where the ravages of the Teredo navalis areas 
 extensive and rapid as in the water adjacent to the .yard, the repairing 
 and rebuilding of wooden wharves is a constant and heavy expense. 
 It is important to continue the quay wall of concrete and stone the entire 
 length of the water-front. 
 
 Cistern near foundry, $4,967. 
 
 This yard is mainly dependent upon cisterns for its supply of water 
 for mechanical and fire purposes. 
 
 This is one of the most important yards on the Altantic coast, and its 
 usefulness shoidd be increased. To this end the present dry-dock should 
 be enlarged and another built. An estimate is respectfully presentetl 
 for $202,2'47 for the former, and as the dock cannot be used while the 
 Avork of extension is going on, it is recommended that a marine railway 
 be built before the work on the dock is commenced, and an appropria- 
 tion of $101,581 is asked for this purpose. 
 
 Boiler-Bhop §48,588 
 
 Extension of crecting-shop No. 23 lo, DDH 
 
 Tiiul)e-i\shecis Nos, 84 and 35 71,034 
 
 Chain and cordage store 36, 158 
 
 The last four items are for buildings much needed, and it is simply 
 restoring upon former sites buildings that were destroyed daring the 
 war. 
 
 PENSACOLA NAVY- YARD. 
 
 If this yard is to be retained its usefulness should be increased, and 
 to this end it is important that the work commenced many years since, 
 viz, the building of the quay wall and forming a basin, should be con- 
 tinued. 
 
 The southern front of this yard is the only portion having sufficient 
 ilepth of water for vessels to reach the wharves, and where they are much 
 exposed to the heavy southerly storms and seas, rendering it frequently 
 impossible for vessels to lie at the wharves without endangering their 
 safety and that of the wharves. The design was to inclose a large area 
 of w ater — seven acres ou this front — wherein vessels could lie in safety 
 at all times. 
 
 A portion of this quay wall was completed before the war of the re- 
 bellion, but nothing has betn done since, and nearly if not quite all of 
 the original plant has disapi)eared by theft, fire, and natural decay. 
 
 The estimate ])resented for the completion of this work, as originally 
 designed, is $1,002,700; but as its importance and necessity will depend 
 ui)on the fate of the yard, it is not presented as an estimate for an ap- 
 Xnopriation. 
 
 An estimate is made and api^ropriatiou asked of $71,073 for complet-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRF.TARV OF lUE XAVY. 493 
 
 iug the iroij .sectional dry dock. Tlioro aiv four sections of this dock 
 now at the yard, and tlic money asked for is necessary for setting up 
 the sides, frames, and machinery for their proper working. 
 
 The facilities for landing and shipping coal, &c., at this station are 
 imperfect aud inefdcieut. The depth of water at the coal wharf is in- 
 sufficient for any other than small vessels, aud much of the coal has to 
 be lauded at a wharf twelve hundred feet distant from the coal house, 
 aud carted thence through the heavy sand at great expense. It is pro- 
 posed to extend the coal wharf and improve the facilities for lauding 
 coal, aud an estimate of $H),8(»0 is presented for this puri)ose. 
 
 During the war the officers' quarters were burned. The small, un- 
 healthy, an<l uncomfortable brick kitchens have since been occupied as 
 (puirters. Some of these buihlings have been raised a story, and made 
 into comparatively comfortable residences. There are still three of these 
 buildiugs uuraised, and it is proposed to make theui uniform with the 
 others. It is estimated that the cost of this work will be $25,000, and 
 that sum is respectfully asked. 
 
 An estimate of J:^5,o6o is presented for extending the railroad fa<.'ili- 
 ties of this yard. The soil is purely sand, rendering teaming a difiicult. 
 laborious, expensive, and slow work. 
 
 MARE ISLAND NAVY- YARD. 
 
 This, the only navy-yard on the Pacific coast of the United States, is 
 of the first importance, and should be put and kept at all times in a 
 thorouglj condition of usefulness. 
 
 Dui'iug the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, considerable progress has 
 been made upon tlie stone dry-dock in course of construction. This 
 dock was commenced sonieuine years ago, and it is fully time it shouhl 
 have been finished, indeed, it is strongly advised that it should be 
 hurried to completion. The excavation is now progressing toward the 
 face of the dock, and the caisson should be built and put in place a« soon 
 as possible. This is essential to the safety of the work as well as to 
 the lives of thos«' engaged upon it, for, should the coffer-dam suddenly 
 give way during working hours, the destruction of the dock would be 
 assured, as also many lives. Jt must be borne in mind that this cotier- 
 dam has been down nine years, aud that apprehensions of its giving way 
 are not groundless. 
 
 I respectfully ])reseut the following extract from the report of Civil 
 Hngineer C. C. Wolcott, in charge of the dock, upon whose opinion and 
 judgment I place great reliance: 
 
 Tlie saff-ty of the work <;an ^>o -well assured \vheu the oaissoii is in place, but iiutil 
 I hat progress lias beeu made I euti only itivito atteutiou to the eoustant warnings ol' 
 llie danf^er, and to the statement and tracing showiuf; its decayed and cnfeel)lcd con- 
 dition as ascertained hy the boring tests, and to the enormous force it is called upon 
 to resist, and which moves sueli an inuiionse btructuro to and fro with the tides, as 
 shown in the recorded movements. 
 
 The extract refeis to the cotfer-dara. In -view of the absolute neces- 
 sity of completing this dock I do not hesitate to present an estimate of 
 8700,000 for its ])robable comi)letion. This is not only for the caisson 
 and pumping engines, but lor the dock itself, and it is advisable that a 
 portion at least of this amount shouhl be made available immediately, 
 as in all probability the caisson will have to bo built aud fitted at the 
 East, and the material then shipi)ed to California. The same may be 
 probably said of the puujping machinery. 
 
 The necessity for increased i)rotectiou of timber, lumber, &C., has
 
 494 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 long been mjinifest at this yard, and should ])e i)rovided.' To this end 
 it is proposed to mako an achlition of wood to the present iinfinisbed 
 timber-shed No. 1)1, to the extent of 200 feet by 70, and for this pur- 
 pose an estimate of $11,803 is presented. 
 
 In consequence of the lonft-contiuued dry season in California wherein 
 the grasses and all wood-work become so dried up, tlie dan<^er from 
 tire is greatly increased, while the yard is inefhciently protected from 
 tJie ravages of this destructive element. More protection is absolutely 
 necessary, as many of the buildings and valuable x)roperty are far re- 
 moved from the source of water supply. I therefore earnestly recom- 
 mend the construction of cisterns in suitable locations, to be kept at all 
 times filled with salt water, as a reserve, and present an estimate of 
 $30,000 for this purpose. 
 
 The continuance of the quay wall, construction of wharves, &c., are 
 works of great im])ortance. The present water front is very limited 
 and totally inadequate for the requirements in a time of activity 5 owing 
 to the irregular outline of the shore, eddies are formed which conduce 
 to the deposit of silt, &c., rendering much dredging necessfiry at great 
 expense. The straightening of the shore line will in a measure obviate 
 this trouble and considerably reduce the cost of dredging. Owing to 
 the inaccessibility of the coal wharf, from the shoaling of the water, 
 coal has to be landed at a distance of some twelve hundred or more feet 
 and (parted to the coal house ; a work of labor, time, and expense. 
 
 The completion of this quay wall, with suitable dredging, will give 
 access to tlie yard at many points now inaccessible. 
 
 For the purpose above alluded to, estimates are presented of $80,000 
 for quay wall and ferry sbp, and $30,000 to replace the old landing- 
 wharf. 
 
 An estimate is also presented of $40,000 for roads, walks, gutters, 
 and drains. Owing to the nature of the soil, the roads in the rainy 
 season are almost impassable, increasing very materially the cost of 
 teaming. It is absolutely of great importance that the roads over 
 which there is the most traffic should be placed in a permanently good 
 condition. 
 
 The present sewerage is very defective and should be permanently 
 imi)roved. 
 
 KEY WEST NAVAL STATION. 
 
 There are at this station quite a. number of buildings which require 
 much care and attention, outdoor structures of all kinds deteriorating 
 very rapidly in that climate. This property is now in moderately good 
 con«iition, and, without specifying the exact amount, such sums will be 
 a])plied to it in the coming fiscal year as may be found necessary. 
 
 If this station is to be retained, it is important that it should at all 
 times be kept in working condition and free from danger of damage 
 from the elements. From lack of ])roper protection, its shore line is 
 constantly changing, from tlie action of the waves. The bulkhead or 
 quay wall along a portion of its sea front has in a great measure been 
 destroyed by the united actioii of the waves and sea worm, so that it is 
 jiow practically worthless. It is proposed to protect this front by con- 
 structing a permanent sea wall of concrete and coral, in a straight line, 
 which, when tilled in, will add several thousand square feet to the sea 
 front of the station. I deem this work very necessary and ask an ap- 
 propriation of $4,000 to carry it on. 
 
 Two years ago an apjuopriation of $30,000 was made for a pier wharf
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 49d 
 
 at this station. With the approbation of your predecessor, a contract 
 was made with Messrs. A. P. Boiler & Co., of New Yark, to furnish 
 material and certain labor for the removal of the old and the erection 
 of the new Avharf, on plant? prepared by the Bureau. The material has 
 been furnished and is on the ground, and work was commenced in July 
 last, but in consequence of alleged inefiiciency and insufficiency of the 
 working ])lant provided by tlie contractor, work was suspended on the 
 8th of July last, and the uncompleted work declined. The terms of 
 settlement are now in dispute between the Bureau an<l contractor. 
 The Bareau proposes to go on and complete this work with its own 
 I'acilities. 
 
 NAVAL ASYLUM. 
 
 There were on the rolls of this institution on July 1, 1S82, the names 
 of liM beneficiaries, an increase of C over the preceding year, and the 
 building is uncomfortably full. Twenty years' service in the Navy or 
 Marine Corps is required to entitle to admission, though exceptions 
 have been njade by order of the honorable Secretary, from time to time, 
 iji favor of applicants of shorter terms of service. Ai)plications of this 
 character are constantly being made, and the department, finds itself 
 obliged to decline many of tbcm, in order to reserve room for those who 
 are fully entitled to the benefits of the institution. 
 
 The question of increased accommodation deserves careful considera- 
 tion, and it is respectfully recommended that an addition benuule in the 
 rear of the main building, for kitchen, laundry, and servants' quarters, 
 fitting up bath-room for use of beneficiaries, removing laundry boilers 
 and tubs to new building, and new range for kitchen in new building; 
 and for these purposes an estimate of $20,000 is made. An estimate of 
 $4,000 is also presented for relaying the water pipes in the grounds. 
 The sui)ply of water is inadequate, and during the summer nionths it 
 frequently fails to run on the ground door. This is in great ])art due to 
 the bad condition of the pipes, which are much choked with rust, earthy 
 deposit, and vegetable growth. The estimate presented is from the 
 city water department, and is therefore presumed to be as reasonable 
 as can be exjjected. 
 
 I again respectfully suggest the propriety of a removal of the institu- 
 tion to some more favorable site, where the old men, who have spent 
 the best years of their lives on salt Avater, may see sometbing to remind 
 them of their ])ast lives and its varied aiid exciting experiences. The 
 faith of the goAf'rument is pledged to make suitabl(> [trovision for the 
 care and comfort of these old men, and it cannot do too mucli for them. 
 
 REPAIRS AND PRESERVATION. 
 
 The great number of buildings, dry-docks, wharves, roads, walls, 
 fences, &c., at the various yards require a large animal out lay to jtreservo 
 them from deterioration and decay, and the amount asked for under (his 
 head is much needed, and the Bureau earnestly urges theapproi>riation 
 of the amount of the estimates, viz, $402,000. 
 
 GENERAL MAINTENANCE. 
 
 Under this head comes the most pressing and necessary ex])enses of 
 a navy-yard. They embrace the care of tlie yard and all buildings, 
 watch force, tire department; purchase and nuiinteuiince of horses, 
 oxen, &c., teamsters carts, and vehicles of all kinds, water rent, gas,
 
 496 PAPERS . ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 &e., witliout whicli none of the other (lfi»artments can carry on their 
 operations. The nuiii asked for, vi/, $ tOO.OOO, is absolutely necessary. 
 
 CONTINGENT. 
 
 The sum require*.! under this head, viz, $30,000, is to meet nutbreseeu 
 emergencies that may arise, calling for immediate outlay that has not 
 been estimated ibr. it is a small but most necessary reserve. 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 If the United States assumes to be a naval power at all, it should not 
 be content with occupying a subordinate position, as, adjuncts to a 
 navy -yard, where ships may be constiucted, repaired, and equipped, are 
 as necessary as ships. To this end the machinery, appliances, and fa- 
 cilities should be the best that can be procured. In this respect the 
 navy-yards are far behind many of the private establishments of the 
 country. This should not be the Ccise; where time is money, every 
 means should be adopted in the direction of expediting work. In 
 many of our yards the distances are great, means and conveniences of 
 transportation few and slow, and much time is lost in passing work 
 from one shop to another. 
 
 If it is expected that our yards are to do work eflSciently, and as well 
 as other manufacturing establishments, thej^ must be supi>lied with the 
 same time and labor-saving conveniences, and not handicapped with 
 serious expenses which are at present unavoidable, and which no pri- 
 vate establishment could or would tolerate. As well might we expect 
 a cabinet-maker to do his work with ordinary carpenter's tools. 
 
 Accompanjing this report is an abstract of offers for supplies received 
 for furniehing articles coming under the cognizance of the Bureau of 
 Yards »ud Docks, made in conformity to the act of Congress, approved 
 March 3, 1843. 
 
 The following estimates for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, ai'e 
 respectfully submitted: 
 
 For support of Bureau of Yards and Docks §13,360 00 
 
 (jreneral maintenance of yards and stations and contingent 520, 000 00 
 
 Sup|K)rt of Naval Asylum 92, IPl 00 
 
 Repairs and preservation 462,000 00 
 
 Improvement at navy-yards 3,100,444 00 
 
 Civil ostabliahment 43,018 25 
 
 Total evstimate of yards and docks ,- 4,231,013 25 
 
 Very respectfully, vour obedient servant, 
 
 , " ED. T. NICHOLS, ' 
 
 Chief of Bureau, 
 
 Hon. W. E. Chandler, 
 
 Secretary of the I^avy.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 497 
 
 llEPORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF EQUIPME^'T 
 AND EEORUITING. 
 
 Washingtox, October 28, 1882. 
 
 Sir : I have tlie honor to submit herewith the nnuual report of the 
 opei'ations of this Biireiui duriiifj tlie past fiscal year, together with ae- 
 companying detailed e6tiiiiat<:;s for the fiscal year ending June 30, ISSl. 
 
 During the i)ast year ()9 vessels have been wholly or partially equipped 
 under this Bureau, at an expenditure for labor of 872,480.20 and for ma- 
 terial of $511,516.00, making a total of 6583,090.92. 
 
 For the present fiscal year. Congress ai)propriated under "equii)ment 
 of vessels" only .$750,000, notwithstanding the Bureau's estimate was 
 for $896,000, wliich was based upon the increased wants of the service 
 at that time. Since the 1st of July last a number of vessels have 
 been put in commission in addition, and it is believed that the iucreased 
 amount asked under said api)ropriation for the ensuing fiscal year is 
 absolutely necessary for the maintenance of the number of vessels in 
 commission, and for the constant repairs in the workshops under this 
 Bureau in the several navy-yards. 
 
 COAi. 
 
 There have been purchased at home and abroad 44,811: tons of coal, 
 costing, including freight, $.378,006.28. 
 
 During the past year Commander J. H. Sands, commanding the U. S. 
 S. Iroquois, has made a reconnaissance of Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali- 
 fornia (referred to in my last annual report), with a view of establishing 
 a coal depot there. His report, setting forth the many advantages the 
 place oilers for a coaling station, fully corroborates my views in the 
 premises, based upon past experience. 
 
 I have again submitted an estimate for $80,000 for the building of 
 eight iron coal barges of about 250 tons capacity' each, with steam hoist- 
 ing apparatus. The necessity for these coal barges is fully set forth in 
 my last annual report. 1 have nothing to add, but that this necessity 
 has become more ai)parent, by the great ditllculty lately experienced in 
 coaling a number of vessels of the North Atlantic squadron, assemblcii 
 at one time at Xew York and Hampton Itoads, entailing upon this 
 Bureau a large expense for want of i)roper transportation for coaling 
 them. I therefore res])ectfully and earnestly invito your attention to 
 this, in njy opinion, so ianportant a matter to the interest of the service. 
 
 KOPEWALK. 
 
 The following cordage have been manufactured : 
 
 Cost. 
 
 24r>,01t7 Tioiimls of Man ila rope §49, Oil* 40 
 
 405,ua4 poutidB of lifiup rojio tf8, W:? .'i'J 
 
 1,»66 jiouiKirt of iiidi! ropo, l,f«>(i 0() 
 
 There have been i)urchase<l 108,210 ])ounds Manila hemp, costing 
 $20,256.93, and 115,126 [louuds llussia liemit, eo.sling $0,737.07. 
 
 ROLLIXG l\riLL. 
 
 Upwards of 000,000 ]iound8 of superior bar and plate iron have been 
 manufactured for caliles, ^v. Two of Tallon's <'iiilled rolls have been 
 purchased, and have given entire saiistaetion. ^]xp(M•im('nt^ are con- 
 stantly being made with llu' niuterial (»n li;iiid with a view of obtaining 
 the best grade of iron. 
 32 Ab
 
 498 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 FORGE AND ANCHOR SHOP. 
 
 Tilis shop has boon engaged (luring a portion of the year in the mak- 
 ing of iron and steel forgings, principally for the Bureau of Ordnance, 
 and in the manufacture of anchors, &(i. 
 
 SMITH AND CHAIN SHOP. 
 
 This shop continues to make all chain cables, &c., and testing them. 
 Here are all the appliances for testing iron, and daring the year now 
 tools have been introduced to advantage; among them is a clamp or 
 pair of clami)S, holding the samples to be pulled. These clanijis are 
 made in wedge shapes, fitted to a block; they have three holes bored 
 in them, two outside for testing links after being bent, and for holding 
 the end links of samples to be tested, thus making one set of end links 
 break an indefinite number of samples; the other hole is in the center 
 and is for testing bar samples. It has been the custom in the past to 
 heat and head the sami)les before testing ; this is now dispensed with; 
 the sample is taken just as it comes irom the mill, placed on the dies 
 and broken (thus giving the actual strength of the iron). 
 
 This appliance has greatly reduced the cost of testing. There has 
 also been on trial during the year a machine designed by Commander 
 E. D. Evans and Mr. Green, foreman of the chain shop, for cutting and 
 bending chain links, either hot or cold. This device is attached to a 
 steam hammer ; on the lower die or anvil block there are two standards 
 securelj'^ fastened ; on the npper die is attached the former and knife. 
 This machine will do, in a given time, about eight times as much work 
 as by the old method of bending links. 
 
 GALLEY SHOP. 
 
 This shop continues the building and repairing of galleys, &c. Dur- 
 ing the year a new style of range, patented by Mr. Young, foreman of 
 said shop, has been built and put up for the piu'pose of testing its merits 
 in actual service. It has thus far given the most satisfactory results. 
 
 RECRUITING. 
 
 There were 8,018 men and boys in the service on June 30, 1882, of 
 which 050 were boys to serve iintil reaching 21 years of age. The en- 
 listments during the past year were 5,620, of which number 478 were 
 boys. 
 
 I would again recommend that Congress make some specia.1 legisla- 
 tion for the men employed on vessels of the Coast Survey, the Fish 
 Commission, and the practice vessels of the Naval Academy, as the 
 number required for them very materially crii">]>les the effective force of 
 the Xavy. 
 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 EARL EMGLISH, 
 
 Chief of Bureau. 
 Hon. WILLIA3I E. Chandler, Secretary of the 2^avy.
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 499 
 
 KEPOET OF THE CHIEF OF THE BXJEEAU OF NAYIGATI0:N". 
 
 Bureau of Iv^avigation, Navy Department, 
 
 Washingtotiy November lo, 1S83. 
 
 Sir : I have the houor to submit the following report of the Bureau 
 of Navigation for the past year, together with the estimates for its sup- 
 port, and for the expenditures that will probably be required in that 
 division of the naval service committed to its immediate charge for the 
 fiscal year ending June 30, ISSi. 
 
 Incfuded in this report, and transmitted herewith, are the reports and 
 estimates of the several offices under its cognizance, and an abstract of 
 ofiers for supplies received. 
 
 NAVIGATION. 
 
 The American Practical Navigator, the revision of which was com 
 menced in November, 187S, has been satisfactorily completed, and is 
 ready for issue. A new edition of the Useful Tables has also been pre- 
 pared, and is now in the hands of the printer. 
 
 Compasses. — To keep the large number of compasses in serviceable 
 condition freqnent repairs are necessary. In the absence of suitable 
 facilities for making the required tests of the instruments at the Naval 
 Observatory, they are tested at the observatory connected with the 
 establishment of the manufacturer at Brookline, Mass., which involves 
 the expense and inconvenience of sending the Superintendent of Com- 
 passes to that ])lace whenever compasses are repaireil or purchased. 
 
 At i)resent it is only ]>racticable for this oflicer to examine the com- 
 passes for sensibility, directive force, and centering; but, to insure re- 
 liable compasses, the pivot, and the jewel of the cap should be exam- 
 ined to detect roughness, tlaws, or cracks; the liquid should bo tested 
 to insure the i)roper amount of alcohol; the float should be subjected 
 to heat; and exi)eriments should be made upon the sixty or more needles 
 which cojnpose the two bundles for each compass-card. 
 
 Every compass should be examined before being issued to a ship going 
 into commission, and again ui)on the return of a ship from a cruise, in 
 order to determine the effect produced upon it by change of locality. 
 
 The compasses of iron and steel ships lose their directive force iu a 
 comparatively short time, and the errors, due to the effect of the mate- 
 rial of construction, constantly vary. There is now no means of in- 
 quiring into the causes of errors in compasses, with a view to])roviding 
 a remedy therefor, and to insure reliable instruments being supplied to 
 our vessels. 
 
 During the ]»ast year I have caused the inquiry into the subject of 
 the magnetism of ships to be continued. The magnetic history of every 
 vessel hereafter built for the Navy is to be carefully recorded from a 
 series of observations which will begin with her construction. 
 
 In order to aid the scientific study which is now made of the construc- 
 tion of the marine compass, the necessary tests an<l compensation, its 
 errors an<l surroundings on shipboard, and the etfect of geograjihical 
 change, there is need of a suitable building in a location free from mag- 
 netic masses, and away from causes which ])roduce vibration ; and I have 
 therefore submitted an estimate for erecting sucli a building. 
 
 Determination of longitudes. — The (Expedition under Lieut. Commander 
 F. M. Green, for the telegraphic determination of longitudes in the 
 China and Japan Seas, referred to in my last report, has returned to 
 the United States^ having completed the necessary observatious, and
 
 500 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 the officers who composed the expedition are now engaged in the com- 
 putation of their work. 
 
 During tlie year 1S81 and the first part of 1882, eleven stations were 
 occupied, extending from Vladivostok in Siberia, to Madras in British 
 India, and exact latitude and longitude determinations were made of 
 Yokohama, Nagasaki, Shanghai, Amoy, IIong-Kong, Manila, Saigon, 
 Singapore, and Batavia. 
 
 The results of this important work will be published early in the 
 coming year, and will afford the means of correcting and confirming 
 the positions of about 3,000 points in Eastern waters. 
 
 In the further prosecution of this important work it is proposed to 
 carry a chain of longitudes from Galveston, Tex., over the newly com- 
 pleted lines of the Central and South American Telegraph Com])any, to 
 Vera Cruz; thence to Coatzacoalcos and across the Isthmus of Tehuan- 
 tepec to Salinas Cruz; thence south to Panama, Payta, Cullao, and Val- 
 paraiso, thus confirming and correcting all the chronometric determina- 
 tions i)reviously made on the west coast of South America and in the 
 eastern part of the South Pacific Ocean. 
 
 This will fully complete the measurement of differences of longitude 
 over existing ocean cable lines, and with a short measurement across 
 the Andes, from Santiago to Cordova, will com])lete the enormous poly- 
 gon whose sides are Washington-Greenwich, Greenwich-Lisbon, Lis- 
 bon-Madeira, Madeira-Porto Grande, Porto Grande-Pernambuco, Per- 
 nambuco-Bahia, Bahia-Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-Buenos Ayres, 
 Buenos Ayres-Cordova, Cordova-Santiago, Santiago-Valparaiso, Val- 
 paraiso-Callao, Callao-Payta, Payta-Panama, Panama-Salinas Cruz, 
 Salinas Cruz-Coatzacoalcos, Coatzacoalcos- Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz-Gal- 
 A'estou, Galveston-Washington. 
 
 The work on the coasts of Central and South America can be accom- 
 plished in two seasons, taking the spring months for Central America, 
 and the following winter for work south of Panama. 
 
 The Department Library is at present totally inadequate to the needs 
 of the various offices in the department. It consists of about 7,000 vol- 
 umes of little value, in large part the relics of old ships' libraries which 
 have been turned in as no longer suitable for distribution. The want 
 of an adequate library of modern books of reference is a serious ob- 
 stacle in carrying on the work of the deparment, and there is urgent need 
 of an appropriation to supply the deficiency. 
 
 I would further recommend that the restrictions now imposed upon 
 the binding of books for the library of the Department be removed, and 
 that the library be placed, in this resi)ect, npon the same footing as the 
 library of the Department of State, for which ])rovision Avas made in 
 the act ai)proved February 26, 1879, (Forty-fifth Congress, third session, 
 chapter 106). 
 
 An Office of Intelligence, now generally recognized as necessary to the 
 effectiveness of an Army or Navy, and established by a general order, 
 has been organized for the purpose of systematizing the collection and 
 classification of information for the use of the Department, in relation 
 to the strength and resources of foreign navies. 
 
 Navigation supplies. — The revised allowance list of stores supplied to 
 naval vessels, under cognizance of this Bureau, has been printed and 
 issued. 
 
 By direction of the Bureau, the speed indicator invented by Ensign 
 W. J. Hogg, TJ. S. N., was tried on board the U. S. ship Jamestown, 
 during her passage from San Francisco to Newport, with most satisfac-
 
 KEPOET OF THE SEOKETARY OF THE NJL\ Y. 501 
 
 toiy results^ aud its adoption in the Navy, lias been recommended by a 
 Ijoard of officers. 
 
 A number of new books have been added to the libraries of ships, 
 and journals and papers upon professional subjects are now furnished 
 them in such quantities as the limited api)ropriation admits. 
 
 Preliminary steps have been taken to tit a naval vessel with the in- 
 candescent system of electric bjihring, during the present fiscal year. 
 
 Regulations for 'prcveniin [I eolUaiomi at sea. — I beg leave to renew the 
 suggestion made in my former report, that Congress be requested to 
 remedy the evil now existing by reason of the difierence between the 
 laws of the United States in reference to preventing collisions at sea, 
 and the Revised International Kegulatious, which have been adopted by 
 all other maritime nations. 
 
 Serious losses, both of life aud projierty, may and probabl^^ will occur, 
 unless measures are speedily taken to obviate the confusion which now 
 exists, owing to conflicting regulations. 
 
 In connection with this object, I desire to invite your attention to the 
 importance of a modificiition (for the inland waters of the United States) 
 of lUiles 17 and 20, for preventing collisions on water, chapter 5, page 
 818, Ke\ised Statutes of the United States, second edition, 1878. 
 
 Rule 20 requires steam vessels under all circumstances to keep out of 
 the way of vessels propelled by sails; and is so interpreted by the 
 courts. 
 
 In practice, this rule gives a sailing vessel of the smallest size, draw- 
 ing but little water, the right to hold her course in the narrow channel 
 of a bay or river, which has been deepened at great expense by the 
 general government in order to facilitate commerce in heavy ships; 
 and requires a steamer of the largest size and heaviest draught of water 
 to keep out of the way. In other words, although the bay or river may 
 be miles wide, and navigable in all parts for the small vessel, aud with a 
 channel of but 100 yards iu width capable of floating the steamer, the 
 latter is required by law to avoid the former. This is often impractica- 
 ble, and the observance of the rule may frequently result iu the ground- 
 ing and perhaps destruction of the steamer, with a loss of many thou- 
 sands of dollars to the owners or underwriters. 
 
 Rule 17 is of the same character, and requires sailing vessels which 
 have the wind free to keep out of the way of vessels sailing close 
 hauled ; or compels large ships of deep draught, restricted by their 
 draught to a narrow channel, to avoid, when the wind is free, small ves- 
 sels bound in an opposite direction, even though the latter may have 
 miles of space in whicli to maneuver. 
 
 While the wisdom of requiring vessels under steam to avoid sailing 
 vessels on the high seas cannot be denied, I respectfully suggest such 
 modifications of Rules 17 and 20 as will insure to the deep-draught ships 
 the right of way in narrow deep channels, either natural or artificial, in 
 localities where light-draught vessels will not be liable to injury by 
 using tlie shoaler water. 
 
 SIGNAI. OFFICE. 
 
 Extended trials have demonstrated the sui)eriority of the system of 
 night signals invented by Lieut.'E. W. A'ery, U. S. X., it has been 
 adopted for use, and Coston lights are no longer supjilied to ships. 
 
 The system of taking simultaneous meteorological observations on 
 board of all naval vessels has been continued during the past year.
 
 502 PArERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 HYDROGllAPHY. * 
 
 A complete survey Jias been made oi" the Bay of ►Snmana, Santo Do- 
 mingo, by Commander Bridj^man and the ofjicers <»r the U. S. S. Des- 
 I)atch, and the survey of the Ave.st coast of Mexico, by Commuiider 
 Philip and the oflicers of the U. S. S. Kauger, has been contiune<l and 
 is nearly completed. 
 
 A running survey of Wrangel Island was made by Lieutenant Berry 
 and the oflicers of the U. S. S. Kogers. 
 
 Important information in regard to the coasts and waters of Iceland 
 was obtained by Commander Wadleigh in the U. S. S. Alliance, while 
 cniising in search of tidings of the U. ri. S. Jeannette. 
 
 The grou]) of islands discovered by Lieutenant-Commander DeLong, 
 in the Jeannette, has been entered u])on the charts of the Hydrographic 
 Office as De Long Islands, in memory of tliat gallant officer. 
 
 New charts have been issued and others are in process of preparation 
 by engraving, photolithography, and heliography. 
 
 Pilot charts for the different oceans are being published as rapidly as 
 the appropriations will allow. One for the jSTorth I'acitic was completed 
 three years ago. Since that time the arrangement of the chart has 
 b'eeu improved, and in future, the charts will be prepared on the graphic 
 I)lan. 
 
 Charts of the North and South Atlantic Oceans are now in course 
 of preparation and will shortly be ready for publication. The data are 
 computed for each square of five degrees and for each month of the year, 
 and the charts will give the prevailing conditions for each square, as to 
 rain and fog, the direction and force of the wind, the range of barome- 
 ter, and the mean temperatures of the air and water. 
 
 Additional sailing directions, notices to mariners, and corrected light 
 and buoy lists have been })ublished. 
 
 I have the honor to call your attention to the detailed report of the 
 Hydrographer, and to state that it is most desirable that the appropri- 
 ation asked for may be granted, in order tliat infornnitiou which the 
 Hydrographic Office now possesses may be published for the use of the 
 Navy and Merchant Marine. 
 
 NAVAL OBSERVATORY. 
 
 The report of the Superintendent of the Naval Observatory, hereto 
 appended, gives the observations made during the ]»ast year of planets, 
 satellites, stars, and comets, specifying the work performed with the 
 several instruments. It treats of the work done in the meteorological 
 and chronometer departments; of the daily transmission of time sig- 
 nals, and of the publications and computations made. 
 
 A system of testing and regulating navigation and meteorological in- 
 struments used in the Navy has been established at the Observatory. 
 
 The present Observatory buildings are in very defective condition, 
 and although onlj^ the most necessary repairs are made, a considerable 
 portion of the annual appropriation is now expended in keeping them 
 in a working condition, and in protecting the valuable instruments 
 against injury. * 
 
 Theunsiiitableness of the present location of the Observatory, (so often 
 mentioned in previous annual and 'special reports), by reason of fogs 
 and vapors in the immediate vicinity of the Potonnic Kiver, has again 
 T)een demonstrated by the difficulty attending observations during the 
 l)ast year. 
 
 Transit of Yenns. — The preparations for observing the coming transit
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 503 
 
 of Venus have occupied the attention of the Transit of Venus Commis- 
 sion, of wLiicli the Superintendent of tlie Naval Observatory i.s the 
 cli airman. 
 
 Tbe method selected for tlie observation will be similar to that used 
 in 1614, viz, by photojirapliy. A party will (MK.'upy each of the follow- 
 ill^: stations : CapeofCiood Hope; Santa (Jruz, i*atagonia; Santia^'^o de 
 Chile; New Zealand; San Antonio, Tex.; Cedar Keys, Fla. ; I'ortSelden, 
 N. Mcx.; and Washington, D. C. 
 
 NAUTICAL ALMANAC OFFICE. 
 
 The Nautical Almanac and lar^e Ephemerisforthe yearlSS5 have heen 
 issn«'d. A supplement to the vohuues ISSl-'Si, intended lor the use of 
 fieidobscrversenf;agedinthepublicsurvcys,hasbeenj)rei)ared, compris- 
 ing the e])hemeridesof the apparent rij^^ht ascensions of one hundred and 
 seveuty-tjve stars, in addition to those already given in the regular list 
 of the Ephemeris, and is now in press. A portion of the Almanac 
 and Ephemeris for 18SG is in type; the computations for 1887 are in 
 progress, and those for 1888 have been begun. The increased force at 
 the disposal ol" the Superintendent has enabled him to hasten the work 
 of investigating the planetary motions obtained from the most modern 
 data. 
 
 Experiments for determining the velocity of light have been contin- 
 ued, and they are now regarded as completed. 
 
 I have the honor to call your attention to the fact that there appear 
 to be indications of a growing tendency on the part of another branch 
 of the executive to encroach upon work which has fallen for many years 
 within the legitimate province of oflices under the suijervision of this 
 Bureau. 
 
 The local time has been signaled from the Naval Observatory since 
 the year 1845; and since 1877 a time-ball has been dropped at New 
 York City, daily at noon, by signal from the Observatory. 
 
 A bill (H. li. 5(K)9) is now ])ending in Congress, which has in view a 
 nseful extension of the system. The Signal Service of the Army, how- 
 ever, appears to be attemi)ting to connect itself with the time service, 
 with w hich its specific work has no relation whatever. It has accord- 
 ingly published, at the government expense, a work on the construction 
 and maintenance of time-balls, and the Chief Signal Ollicer has recently 
 announced in an official publication, entitled "Memoranda of useful In- 
 formation for Ship-masters," that ''arrangements are now in progress 
 for the erection of a second time-ball in New York City, which will be 
 established u])on the building of the Equitable Life Assurance Com- 
 pany of that city." 
 
 It is not apparent whether the work referred to is to be carried on in 
 part by the Signal Sen'iiie; but the olhcial announcement ma<le and 
 published by the Chief Signal Ollicer, coujiled with the fact that the 
 designated building is a station of the Signal Service, would seem to 
 wanant such an inference. 
 
 The late Sui>erintendent of the Naval Observatory, Rear-Admiral 
 John Kodgcrs, in n letter to the Navy Dei)artment dated January 27, 
 1882, gave the following ojiinion : 
 
 " The Sijjnal Bureau seeks ajiparently to give tirae-sign.als to the United States. This 
 is a eelf-iinpoaed task and pccuniiiry burdeii. Tlie Signal Bureau has not, necesHarily, 
 astroiiomei's, nor telescopes, nor tlif means of coTHrollinif tluckH Ijy astronomical oii- 
 8crvatioi;a. Time-bigual.s may bo iulcmloil a.s the lirst btep to all these. They would 
 follow; aiad it \h better to objtxt now than when the aijpropriatioua are frittered iu 
 useless exijoudituies of similar work."
 
 504 I'APERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The oi)Ci;irti()ns of the Si;]^ruil Servico have been liiithcr extended bj 
 the or{4iiniz:itioii of a '• marine division" in the office of tiie Chief Signal 
 Oflicer, and by the establishment of a ''marine agency" in the city of 
 New York. 
 
 Charts of the North Atlantic Ocean are issued containing informa- 
 tion as to the direction of cyclones, the limits of icebergs <luring differ- 
 ent months of the year, and the direction of the prevailing winds in 
 the (liferent ocean squares. 
 
 The latter work, begun by Lieutenant Maury of the Navy, has been 
 continued and extended by the Hydrogriiphic Office connected with 
 this Bureau; and the question arises whether it could have been in- 
 tended by the legislature that apin-opriatious which, however liberal in 
 their amount and vague in their limitations, were made to carry on the 
 meteorological ser\'ice, should be <liverted from their general object and 
 applied to work which is specifically in the charge of another depart- 
 ment. 
 
 The issue of maps or charts of the ocean and the dissemination of 
 information for navigators has long been one of the duties of this 
 Bureau, and of the ofQces under its direction, and, while paying the 
 highest tribute to the usefulness of the Signal Service of the Army in, 
 its proper sphere, 1 deem it my duty to call attention to what appears 
 to be an unwarranted extension of its oi)erations in this direction. 
 
 In this connection, I would refer to a proviso appended to the ap- 
 propriation for the work of the Signal Service, in the act approved 
 August 7, 1882, known as the sundry civ-il appropriation act, as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 Provided, That the work of no other department, bureau, or commission, authorized 
 by law, shall be done by this bureau: Pi ovided further, That nothing herein con- 
 tained shall restrict the performance of all duties of the Signal Service Bureau pre- 
 scribed by existing law. 
 
 J. G. WALKER, 
 
 Eespectfully submitted. 
 
 J. G. 
 
 Chief of Buremi. 
 
 Secretary of the Navy. 
 
 Hon. W. E. Chandler, 
 
 EEPOPvT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE NAVAL 
 0$SERVATOPtY. 
 
 United States Navajl Observatory, 
 
 Washington, October 28, 1882. 
 Sir: I liave the honor to submit herewith a report of the work of the 
 Naval Obserxatory during the past year. 
 
 1 assumed the direction of the Observatory on the 1st of July last, 
 relieving Commander W. T. Sam])son, who had been appointeil to act 
 temporarily as Superintendent after the death of Hear- Admiral John 
 Eodgers. 
 
 the 26-INCH EQUATORIAL. 
 
 This instrument has been in charge of Prof. A. Hall, with Prof. E. 
 Frisby as assistant. The instrument is in goo<l order and has been 
 used constantly during the past year in observations of the satellites of 
 the outer i>lanets, and of double stars. A few observations also have 
 been nuule tif comets wheu ver^' faint.
 
 KEPORT or THE SECKETAEY OF THE NAVY. 505 
 
 In addition to Lis regular work on the 26-incli Equatorial as aasiat- 
 ant to Professor Hall, Professor Frisby has continued to make observa- 
 tions of comet h of 1881. His last obsfi^rvatiou was on January 19 of 
 the pi-esent year. This, it is believed, is the latest observation of that 
 comet tliat has been made anywhere. The comet WelLs was also ob- 
 served by him on the OA-inch Equatorial from March 29 to July 10. 
 Eleven observations were made and elements computed, which were 
 sent to the Astronomische Nachrichten. Three observations of Bar- 
 *])ar<rs comet were also made. 
 
 The great comet of 1882 was likewise observed by Professor Frisby, 
 uiid elements Juid an epliemeris computed, which were published in 
 various astronomieal and scientitic papers, and jn-oved to be very accu- 
 rate. Eight observations of this comet have been made by Professor 
 Frisby to the present date. 
 
 THE TEANSIT CIECLE. 
 
 This instrument, under the direction of Prof. J. R. Eastman, has been 
 employed on the same kind of work as last year, and with the same 
 force of observers, except that Assistant Miles Rock was detailed on 
 September 1 for work with a Transit of Venus party in Chili, and Ensign 
 S. J. Brown was assigned to duty on the Transit Circle in his place. 
 
 The number of observations made since October 12, 1S8L, is 4,800. 
 Of these observations 9G were of the sun, 63 of the moon, 176 of major 
 planets, 80 of minor planets, and 2 of comets. 
 
 THE 9A INCH EQUATORIAL AND CO:VIET SEEKER. 
 
 These instruments, also under the direction of Professor Eastman, 
 have been used in the observations of comets, occultations, the phe- 
 nomena of Jui)iter's satellites, and in verifying the places of asteroids 
 before they can be found with the Transit Circle. 
 
 The meteorological department has continued the same as last year. 
 
 Corrections to the mean time and motor clocks for the time-service 
 have been furnished by observers ou the Transit Circle until relieved of 
 this duty September 6. 
 
 PRIME VERTICAL. 
 
 This instrument is being placed in adjustment, and will be employed 
 by Lieuts. R. R. Ingersoll and C. G. Bowman in a series of observations 
 to determine the constant of aberration. 
 
 NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS. 
 
 It is proposed to employ the facilities of the Observatory to test and 
 regulate the instruments used in the service for the puri)Ose of naviga- 
 tion in the same manner that chronometers are now tested. 
 
 Masti^r W. E. Sewell has been placed in charge of this branch, and 
 is making progress with the woik. 
 
 A considerable number of sextants have been examined to determine 
 errors of eccentricity. This examination has developed the fiict that 
 these instruments are subject to many sources of error, and that the 
 instruments of some makers are much superior to othera. A detailed 
 repoi't will be made when the work is suiliciently advanced. 
 
 CnRONO:METERS. 
 
 Tliis de])artment of the Observatory work is in charge of Lieut. E. K. 
 Moore, assisted by Lieut. U. K. Harris. 
 
 There are at present in the chronometer room 218 chronometers, of 
 whieli 15 are ready for issue, 1 is on trial, 72 require repair's, and will
 
 506 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 be repaired as wanted for issue, and l.'JO are coudemned to be used only 
 as " liacks." 
 
 Duriuji' the past year iti Ijyve been received innu veKsels and other 
 sourites oC service, most of which have V)cen ])erniit(ed to run down for 
 repuii's, li;i\inix run tlicir allotted time (four years) since bein^ cleaned; 
 ()<S have been i.ssue<l to vessels, "Transit of Yenns Commission," and 
 for other service; 45 have been cleaned and repaireil, an«l there are 20 
 underjioinj!: rejtairs at T. 8. & J. D. Negus', New York, and at William 
 Bond & tSon's, Jjoston. 
 
 One new chronometer was purchased from T. S. & J. D. Negus, an 
 imi)roved break-circuit sidereal, but as it was issued immediately for 
 use in the Transit of Yeuus, it was not given theusuai six months' 
 trial. 
 
 The stan(bird of chronometers issued for navigation purposes Las 
 been considerably raise<l, and is susceptible of being further improved. 
 A better method of testing chronometers is now under consideration, 
 and will soon be submitted to the department. 
 
 TRANSMISSION OF TIME SIGNALS. 
 
 This work is in charge of the officers having the care of the chronom- 
 eters. The time continues to l)e sent over the wires of the Western 
 Union Telegraph Company, as stated in last report, and time-balls are 
 dropped at New York and Washington. 
 
 The ball at New York is dropped from a staff on the top of the West- 
 ern Union Telegraph Company's building, at New York noon, for the 
 meridian of the City Hall, which is -i^ GO'" 01^0 west from Greenwich, 
 and is dropped by direct connection with the Naval Observatory. Tliis 
 ball has occasionally failed, owing to interi'nprions in the circuit be- 
 tween the Observatory aiul New York. Nx) failure has occurred in the 
 dropping of the ball at the Observatory, but on one occasion the ball 
 was dropped three seconds too soon by reason of laborers in the build- 
 ing interfering with the wires. 
 
 Since last report a time-ball has been constructed and connections 
 have been made at the Washington navy-yard, and a ball is now 
 dropped there daily, simultaneously with that at the Observatory. 
 
 The fire-alarm bells continue to be struck daily at 6 a. m., 12 m., and 
 C p. m., and the horological establishments of Washington get their 
 daily comparisons through the tire- alarm circuit from the Observatory. 
 
 In September the care of the mean-time standard clock and the 
 determination of its errors were transferred to this department of the 
 Observatory. 
 
 The east transit instrument was put in adjustment by Commander 
 Sampson, and is now used for observing time stars. The same officers 
 have charge of and regulate the motor clock which controls time-pieces 
 in several departments of the government. 
 
 The electrical connections within the building, M'hich are in the imme- 
 diate charge of Mr. Gardner, remain without change, except such as 
 was required by the use of the transit instrument and the prime verti- 
 cal, neither of which instruments had been in use for several years. 
 
 TRANSIT OF VENUS. 
 
 Professor Harkness has been principally occupied in fitting out the 
 parties for observing the approaching Transit of Yenus and hi re- 
 ducing the zone observations made in Chili during the years 1S50, ISol, 
 and 1852, by the astronomical expedition to the southern hemisphere, 
 under the late Cai>t. James M. Gilliss.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE NAVY. 507 
 
 The reduction of these zones is now so far advanced that a card cata- 
 logue of all the stur.s lia.s been formed, each star occupying a single 
 caid. 
 
 The total number of stars is about 17,000. They have Ijeen examined 
 for accidental errors u\> to the end of twenty-one hours, but it yet 
 remains to examine them lor systematic errors. 
 
 Everything relating to the organization of the Transit of Venus par- 
 ties is confided by law to the Transit of Venus Commission ; but as most 
 of the executive work has been done at the Observatory, it may be 
 ])roi)er to refer to it here. 
 
 The instruments used for the last Transit have been examined and re- 
 paired; all necessary changes have been made in them, and some new 
 instruments have been i)urchased. 
 
 At a very early stage of its deliberations the Commission decided to 
 rely maiidy upon the photographic method of (»bserving, and, to ascer- 
 tain the most suitable kind of emulsion, an extensive series of exjjeri- 
 inent« was made by Mr. Joseph A. Rogers, who has also prepared all 
 the emulsion needed for the various parties. 
 
 Tiie number of i)-irties organized is the same as at the last Transit, 
 namely, eight, of which four will remain in the United States, and the 
 other four have alrea<ly departed for the southern hemisphere. 
 
 The immes of the persons composing the various parties, and the sta- 
 tions to which they have been sent, are as follows: 
 
 FOnKIGX STATIONS. 
 
 Cape of Oood Rope, 
 
 Prof. Simon Xewcomb, U. S. T^., chief astronomer. 
 
 Lieut. T. L. Casey, U. S. A., assistant astronomer. 
 
 Ensign J. H. L. IJolcombe, U. S. N., additional assistant astronomer. 
 
 Mr. Julius UlUe, Washington, D. C, photographer. 
 
 Santa Cruz, Patagonia. 
 
 Lieut. Samuel W. Very, U. S. N., chief astronomer. 
 
 Mr. O. B. Wl)e«>ler, Detroit, Mich., assistant astronomer. 
 
 Mr. William Mell, riiihulelphia, Pa., i)hotographer. 
 
 Mr. Jrvin Stanley, Indianapolis, ln(l., assistant photographer, 
 
 Santiago de Chile. 
 
 Prof. Lewis Boss, Albany, K. Y., chief astronomer. 
 Mr. Miles Ro(!k, Naval Observatory, Washington, assistant astrono- 
 mer. 
 
 Mr. Theo. C. I\rarceau, Washington, D. C, photographer. 
 
 Mr. Chas. S. Cudlip, \\'ashington, D. C, assistant photographer. 
 
 N^eic Zealanil. 
 
 Mr. p]dwin Smith, Coast and Geodetic Survey, chief astronomer. 
 Mr. Henry S. I'litchett, Saint Ltmis, ]Mo., assistant astronomer. 
 Mr. Augustus Story, Bostdu, .Mass., i)lu)tograph('r. 
 Mr. Gustav TheilkiUil, Washington, J). C, assistant photogra))her. 
 
 HOME STATIONS. 
 
 San Antonio, Tex. 
 
 Prof. Asaph TTall, TJ. S. N., chief astronomer. 
 
 Mr. K. S. Woodward, Detroit, I^lich., assisiant astronomer. 
 
 Mr. D. K. Holmes, Milfonl, Del., ])h()t()grai)her. 
 
 Mr. George U. Uurlbut, Belvideie, 111., assistant photographer.
 
 508 PAPEEB ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Cedar Keys, Fla. 
 
 Prof. J. E. Eastman, U. !S. !N.. chief astroiioiiHT. 
 Lieut. John A. Norris, U. S. N., assistant astronomer. 
 Mr. George J*rince, photographer Treasuiy Department, photogra- 
 pher. 
 Mr. George F. Maxwell, Washington, I). C, assistant i)hotographer. 
 
 Fort SeldeUj N. Mex. 
 
 Prof. George Davidson, Coast and Geodetic Survey, chief astronomer. 
 Mr. J. S. Lawson, Coast and Geodetic Survey, assistant astronomer. 
 Mr. J. F. Pratt, Coast and Geodetic Survey, second assistant astrono- 
 mer. 
 Mr. D. C. Chapman, Coast and Geodetic Survey, photograx)her. 
 Mr. T. S. Tappau, Bellaire, Ohio, assistant photographer. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Prof. William Harkness, U. S. N., chief astronomer. 
 
 (The other members of tlie party have not yet been decided upon.) 
 
 LIBRARY. 
 
 The library contains about 10,000 volumes, classified as follows : Works 
 on astronomy, mathematics, physics, meteorology, geography, geodesy, 
 navigation, transactions of learned societies, and scientific periodicals. 
 
 One hundred and fifty have been added by purchase since last report, 
 and an equal number by exchange. Twenty volumes have been bound, 
 and one hundred and seventy are now at the government bindery. 
 
 The books, pamphlets, &c. are catalogued according to the card sys- 
 tem, and a catalogue list is being prepared in conformity with the de- 
 partment's instructions. 
 
 The annual volume for 1877 has been distributed to the various scien- 
 tific institutions of this and other countries. The demand for these 
 publications is much in excess of the ability to supply them. 
 
 The volume for 1878 has been received from the bindery and will be 
 distributed at once. 
 
 BUILDINGS. 
 
 During the past few months the buildings have been put in as thorough 
 repair as the money available would permit. A large sum would be 
 necessary to make all the repairs and alterations that are required, but 
 in \iew of the possibility of removing the Observatory within a few 
 years, it has been considered best to limit the outlay upon these build- 
 ings to the smallest amount that would properly ijrotect the instruments, 
 books, and other public property. 
 
 Very respectfully, voiu' obedient servant, 
 
 S. 0. ROWAN, 
 Vice- Ad m i ra / , Suj) er i n ten dent. 
 Commodore Jno. G. Walkeii, 
 
 Chief of Bureau of 2\\xcifjation, Washington, D. C.
 
 EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE XAYT. 509 
 
 REPORT OF THE HYDEOGEAPHER. 
 
 ]S''AVY DEPART3IENT, BUREAU OF XAVIGATIQN, 
 
 HYDROORAPHir OFFICE, 
 
 Washington, October 23, 1S82. 
 Sir : In accordance with the order of the Bureau of Navigation, I have 
 the honor to submit the following: report of the operations of the Hy- 
 drographic Oflfico for the fiscal year ending June 31), 1882: 
 
 WORK LEFT UNFIiaSHED IN THE PREVIOUS FISCAL YEAR 18S0-'81. 
 
 Oeneral CJuirt of the South Pacific Ocean, in 8 half sheets. — The two east- 
 ern half sheets have been revised, the corrections engraved, and they 
 are now on issue. The correction of the middle sheets has been finished 
 in manuscript, but is yet to be engraved. The two western half sheets 
 require extensive corrections (from numerous late surveys), which are 
 now being made in manuscri])t. 
 
 General Chart of the North Atlantic Ocean, in 4 half sheets, is still de- 
 layed for the purpose of introducing late information, from the new 
 surveys in the Spanish West India Possessions, which have not yet been 
 published. 
 
 General Chart of the South Atlantic Ocean, in 4 half sheets. — The engrav- 
 ing has been finished, and the charts are under revision from the new 
 foreign surveys published since the original manuscripts were given to 
 the engraver. 
 
 Cliartofthe Mediterranean Sea, in o sheets. — The extensive corrections, 
 resulting from new French and Italian surveys are now being engraved 
 as fast as time can be taken from the correction of charts already on 
 issue and in demand. 
 
 Chart of the Xarth Sea, in 2 sliects, discontinued in the previous fiscal 
 year on account of the pressure of other work, has, for the same reason, 
 not yet been taken in hand again. 
 
 Cheirt of the CMnnoLs between the Xorth Sea and the Baltic Sea. — ITio 
 engraving has been carried out as far as it was provided for by agree- 
 ment ^\itli the engraver. It will be completed in the office as early as 
 current work will [tormit. 
 
 CJuirt of the Amazon River, in (i sheets, and Chart of the Madeira River, 
 in 5 sheets, from the survey of Commander (now Captain) T. O. Self- 
 ridge, U. S. X. 
 
 The engraving of these 11 sheets has been finished, and the charts 
 are now on issue. 
 
 Chart No. 87<), West const of Mexico, from Chiqiiepa Point to Venfosa 
 Ban, surveyed by Commander J. W. Philip, U. S. N., has been finished, 
 and is on issne. 
 
 The engraving of charts Xo. 307, Havana TTarbor, 347 (not SoG, as 
 erroneously printed in the previous i<'port), .lamaica, 34S, Port Royal 
 and Kinfjston Harbors and No. 340, harbors of Jamaica, has been finished, 
 and they are now on issne, replacing photolitliogiaplis. 
 
 Cluirt'So. ■i~)ii. Gulf of Yedo. — The engraving of this chart has been 
 abandoned for want of funds. As the chart is in d«'mand, the cheaper 
 but unsatisfactory method of photolithography had to be resorted to for 
 its publication. 
 
 Of the series of coast charts of the west coastof Anu^rica, from Capo 
 Uoni to Behiing's Straits, only one, No. 223. /Vo/u Di.ron Entrance to 
 Cross Sound, was heretofore on issue in this otlice, thus leaving a gap,
 
 510 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 from the northern boundary of Mexico to Dixon Entrance. At the date 
 of my last report i)reparation8 Avere in pro},Mess for providing the neces- 
 sary charts of tiiat coast also. Of these, the enj^ravinj:: of Charts No. 
 
 900, Went Coast of America, from iian Diego to Fiedras Blancas, and No. 
 
 901, from Fiedran Blancas to Cajie Orford, has been finished as far as 
 there were final surveys of that portion of the coast. 
 
 The charts of the other parts of the coast cannot be completed until 
 the Coast and Geodetic Survey publish the surveys. 
 
 The. preparation of Chart No. 902, West Coast qf North America ( if. 8.), 
 from Cape Orford to the Straits of Juan de Fnca, had to be postponed, as 
 the final survey of that coast is not yet published. 
 
 Chart No. 903, West Coast of North America, from the Strait of Juan 
 de Fuca to Queen Charlotte Islands, including Vancouver's Island and 
 Puget Sound, has been prepared in manuscript, and is now in the 
 hands of the engraver, as also Chart No. 904, West Coast of America, from, 
 the Queen Charlotte Islands to Dixon Entrance (British Admiralty). 
 
 The preparation of the sheet charts of the coast of Brazil to the 
 northward of St. Joao Island, including also the mouth of the Amazon 
 Kiver, is in progress. 
 
 The engraving of the extensive corrections of the Brazil coast charts 
 has not been completed. 
 
 CtlBEENT WOEK AND NEW WORK COMPLETED DURING THE YEAR. 
 
 In the Drafting and Engraving Division. — More or less extensive cor- 
 rections from recent surveys and other sources have been made in 
 manuscript on 45 charts, and engraved on the corresponding plateS' 
 with a few minor exceptions, which have been delayed by more press- 
 ing work in the engraving division. 
 
 Secondary corrections, such as changes of the positions of isolated 
 islands and dangers, placing of new reported dangers, or the erasure of 
 such as have proved not to exist, changes in buoys or other sea-marks, 
 &c., have been made on 51 plates. 
 
 The plate of chart No. 238, Fast Coast of North America, from Narra- 
 gansett Bay to Cape Lookout (worn out by the many impressions 
 taken from it), has been almost entirely recut. 
 
 A plan of Agua Verde Earhor, on the western shore of the Gulf of 
 California, from a survey by Commander J. W. Philip, U. S. N., men- 
 tioned in my preceding report, has been engraved additionally on plate 
 No. 850, western shore of the Gulf of California, from San Marcial Point 
 to San Basilio Bay. 
 
 A special plan of Saint Paul Island, north of Cape Breton Island, 
 from a recent British survey, has been added to plate No. 611. 
 
 A plan of Shimidsu Harbor, on the south coast of the island of Nipon, 
 Japan, from a recent Japanese survey, has been added to i)late No. 65; 
 and tlie plan of Sago Bay, from a Kussian survey in 1855, has been 
 erased fi'om the same plate, and replaced by one from a recent Japanese 
 survey. 
 
 A chart of Honohilu Harbor, from a very com])lete survey by Lieu- 
 tenant Jackson, K. N., in 1880, has- been engraved, to replace one from 
 previous surveys diflering in outlines and in the general depth of the 
 water. 
 
 Additional soundings, and some corrections reported by Commander 
 J. W. Philip, U. S. N., have been engraved on several charts of tlie har- 
 bors on the west coast of Mexico, surveyed by him, and published by 
 this ofBice in the preceding year.
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY.. 511 
 
 Tho following new charts (photolitbographs) havo. been published 
 during tho .year: 
 
 005. Brava Harbor, on the east coast of Africa, to illustrate a hydro- 
 grapLic notice. 
 
 A plan of the new docks in Batavia Koads (island of Java) for the 
 same purpose. 
 
 ' 90{). Wrangel Island, sur\'e.ycd by the naval party under command of 
 Lieut. II. M. Berry, U. S. N., in the U. S. S. Rodgers. 
 
 007. Eodgers Harbor, on Wrangel Island, from tho same suisjrey. 
 
 008. Track of the U. S. S. Ivodgers, north of Wrangel Island, show- 
 ing soundings in the Arctic Basin. 
 
 Oil* and 011^. Circum])olar charts, illustrating the reseai'ches in tho 
 Arctic region, with track and discoveries of Lieut. Commander G. W. 
 De Long in the Jeannette. 
 
 OIL'. Arctic Ocean from WraTigel Island to the Mackenzie River. A 
 whaling chart. 
 
 Second editions of the following charts were photolithograi)hed, for 
 want of funds to engrave them: 
 
 No. 450. Gulf of Yedo. 
 
 No. 3L'5. Entrance to the river Tagus and Lisbon Harbor. 
 
 No. 401. Coast of Yucatan, from Chincoua Bank to the Laguna de 
 Terminos. 
 
 No. 700. China Sea, southern portion, eastern shore. 
 
 No. 516. Cuba, western portion. 
 
 A considerable number of tracings of charts and drawings were made 
 for various })urposes and for various lu-anches of tlie government. 
 
 Ill the Archives J)uyision. — There have been published during the year 
 115 Notices to Mariners, containing 0(54 numix'red paragraphs, an<l <S-1: 
 Hydrograi>hic Notices, containing 063 numbered paragraphs, and issued 
 to the ditierent squadrons, naval stations, aud corresi)ondents. Five 
 hundred copies of each of the above notices were printed. F<(ur quar- 
 terly statements of notices were published and distributed. Five hun- 
 dred copies of each statement were printed. United States Light Lists 
 Nos. 1, 1% 2, 3, 4, and 5, corrected to date of publication, and 300 copies 
 of each ])ubiis]ied and distributed. United States Light List ]iJo. 6has 
 been ]>repa.red for the i)rinter, and is now ready for publication. 
 
 The officers of this Division have been engtiged in in-eparing notices, 
 posting Light Jjists and Sailing Directions, correcting standard charts 
 to date, translating and reading proof, rearranging tho archiviis, aud 
 comparing and shelving foreign charts. 
 
 In the .Division of Library and Books. — AH books of Sailing Directions 
 published by this office, the Coast Survey, or by foreign Ily<lrographic 
 Offices for issue to United States vessels, liavc; been kept corrected to 
 the latest dates, using chietly the information given by the Notices to 
 Mariners and ilydrogiaphic Notices i)ublished by this oHice. 
 
 During the year there liave been sold to authorize«l agents 1,033 vol- 
 umes of Sailing Directions, and in addition 3,34li volumes of various 
 nautiiial publications have been issued to United States naval vessels, 
 the Coast and (reodetic Survey, Revenue ]\Lnrine, Libraries and foreign 
 Hydrographic Offices in exchange for their publications. 
 
 The following books have been compiled and i)ublished during tho 
 year: 
 
 Supplement to Coast of South America, Part I (bound in ]Iydro- 
 graphic Office publication No. 45). 
 
 Catalogue of Charts, l*lans and Views, with a list of books sold to 
 agents, July, 1881.
 
 512 PAPERS ACCOifPANYTNG THE 
 
 The operations of the Chart Division have been as follows: 
 
 CIkivU received: ny(lroj:(ra])lii(;Office ('harts from print ini^ room, 7,753; 
 from otlier sonrces, n,*>01 ; from Coast and Geodetic Survey, 2,502^; liom 
 British x\dmiralty (complimentary), 2'i.j; by jiurchase, 1,207; from ^lare 
 Island and vessels, 5,730, many of which, beinc;- old and unserviceable, 
 have been destroyed. Total receipts of cliartw and plans, 23,418. 
 
 Charts issued to naval vessels: Jlydrofjraphic Ottico charts, 2,311 ; 
 British Admiralty charts, 2,077 ; Coast and (leodetic charts, 1,839. Total 
 issued to United States naval vessels, 6,227. 
 
 To IMare Island Depot: Ilyilropraphic Oilice charts, 354 ; British Ad- 
 miralty charts, 522; Coast and Geodetic charts, 197. Total to Mare 
 Island, 1,073. 
 
 To Executive Departments of the United States Government: Hy- 
 drogra])hic Office charts, 121; British Admiralty, 32. Total to Execu- 
 tive Departments, 153. 
 
 To Archives and other divisions of the Hydro,£craphic Office: British 
 Admiralty charts, 301 ; Coast and Geodetic charts, 7. Total, 368. 
 
 To agents for sale of Hydroj^raphic Office publications, 6,607. 
 
 To masters of merchant vessels in consideration of keejung- meteoro- 
 logical journals, 93. 
 
 To foreign correspondents and Hydrographic Offices (com])limentar5-), 
 712 ; to home correspondents and agents, 98. Total of charts issuetl, 
 15,361. 
 
 In the same division, the following -work of plate printing was done: 
 HydrogTaphic Office charts, 7,753; proofs, 297; office compliments, 
 500; letter paper headed, 4 reams; envelopes, 1,990; diagrams for 
 chronometer rates, 100 ; thermometer scales. 100 ; scales for Chart ^o. 
 361, 500; forins of clouds, 500; and office seals, 100. Twenty new charts 
 have been published. Five charts have been withdrawn from issue on 
 account of later surveys having been received. 
 
 Charts returned from vessels going out of commission have been cor- 
 rected and placed on the shelves for issue when serviceable. 
 
 The charts on hand have been kept corrected to date as far as the 
 interruptions in office force would ]iermit. 
 
 In the Meteorological Division the work of reducing and compiling 
 meteorological data obtained from the log books of vessels has been 
 continued. The reductions for a chart of the North Atlantic Ocean are 
 complete, and a chart on the graphic plan will be published during the 
 year. The reductions for the South Atlantic are nearly completed. 
 During the year, 35 blank journals have been issued to masters of mer- 
 chant vessels; 38 completed journals have been received, of which 84 
 per cent, are "good," 13 per cent, "fair," and 3 per cent, "bad." 
 
 WORK ENTERED UPON A.KD STILL EN' PROGRESS. 
 
 The follotring charts have been prepared and their engraving taken 
 in hand: 
 
 A second edition of x^o. 445, Magellan Strait, Westeru Part, from 
 Sandy Point to Cape Pillar, to replace the photolithographic edition. 
 
 Xo. 373. Jamaica, with Pedro and Eosalind Banks, and i)arts of Cuba 
 and San Domingo, also to replace a i)hotolithogTaph edition. 
 
 ^o. 915. Manzanilla and Santiago Bays, on the West Coast of 
 Mexico, from a survey of Couimander J. W. Philip in the U. S. S. 
 Eanger. 
 
 No. 916. Ports Casilda and IMassio, on the South Coast of Cuba, from 
 recent Spanish surveys.
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE XAVT. 5J3 
 
 No. 909. Providence Bay, with Plover Bay and Emma Harbor, south 
 of Behring- Strait; and 
 
 !No. 910. Anadyr Gulf, on the Western Sliore of the Behring Sea, both 
 from recent Russian surveys; for whahng vessels. 
 
 The Chart of the Harbor of Hong-Kong (engraved on plate 529, 
 Western Part, General Chart, North Pacific Ocean) has been reproduced 
 by electrotyping as a separate i)late, on which the approaches from 
 the eastward and the channels leading to the westward into Canton 
 Eiver will be added, which will greatly enhance the usefulness of that 
 chart. These additions are now being prepared in manuscript. 
 
 A se(x>nd edition of Chart No. 517, Cuba, Eastern Portion (photo- 
 lithograph), is now being printed. It is intended to rejjlace the two 
 photolithographtKl charts of Cuba, by engraved plates, as soon as the 
 surveys of the island by the Spanish Government have been completed 
 and published. 
 
 Second editions of the photolithographed Charts No. 266, Great Ba- 
 hama Bank, from Exuma to New Providence, and No. 809, Coast of 
 Labrador, from Cape St. Charles to Sandwich Bay, have been pre- 
 pared and will soon be published. 
 
 Sailing Directions for the Baltic Sea, embracing coasts of Eussia and 
 Gulf of Finland, are now ready to place in the hands of the printer. 
 
 One volume of Dangers in the North Atlantic is also ready for pub- 
 lication. * 
 
 The increasing demand for accurate hydrographic information calls 
 for a short reference to the work being done in the interests of the 
 world's commerce by all maritime powers, and it emphas'izes the obli- 
 gations which this government is under to contribute its quota of work 
 in a field of operations which is as vast as the oceans of the globe, of 
 equal importance to all commercial powers, and in which our contribu- 
 tions to the general end in view do not compare as favorably as they 
 should with those of other nations. 
 
 While we are receiving from foreign Hydrographic OflSces a vast 
 amount of information which is distributed by them upon the basis of 
 mutual exchange, the return which we make is far short of what is ex- 
 pected, or which fair reciprocity demands. 
 
 In becoming a party to the pre^sent system of international exchange 
 of hydrographic work, an obligation was incurred which should be fully 
 and fairly recognized, and which can only be discharged by means of 
 more reasonable appropriations. It is well to observe that the appro- 
 priation for the work of this office for the current fiscal year, exclusive 
 of special approjiriation for Mexican coa.st survey, and transferring 
 photolithographs to copper, is fifty thousand dollars less than was 
 allowed for current work in 1874; and that while Congress has cut 
 down the approi'iriations, the work of the ollice is steadily expanding, 
 and much valuable information which should be given to the world 
 remains unpublished in our archives. 
 
 The labors of foreign Hydrogra})hic Oflices are being pushed forwjird 
 with greater and more persistent energy than ever before. The older 
 surveys of coasts and harbors, with which navigators considered them- 
 selves familiar, are undergoing a thorough revision, in which grave errors 
 are develojjcd. 
 
 France is perf«!cling detailed surveys of the French coasts and of 
 the northern coasts of Africa, revising the charts of the Grecian Archi- 
 pelago, while pushing forward the surveys of the coasts and rivers of 
 Cochin China and the shore^s of the Gulf of Tonquin, an<l completing sur- 
 veys of French possessiona in the South Pacific. England is thorough! v 
 33 Ab
 
 514 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 lovisiiifj tlio surveys of lior cortstH and harbors, correcting' and coni- 
 ]»lctin}^ tlic surveys of Newfoundland, extejKlinj^elaboi'ate surveys along 
 the coast of Labi'a<U)r to Hudson Straits; while the shores of Jamaica 
 have been entirely re[)roduced and jtublished. Extensive sui'veys of the 
 east coast of Africa north and south of Zanziltar are also in ])rogTess. 
 
 British surveying;" vessels are pushing forward the surveys of the 
 Straits X)f ^Magellan, and the inner channels between it and the Pacilio 
 Ocean. The surveys of the coasts and waters of Australia are i)ursued 
 with energy, and are alreay being extended to the coast of New (ruinea, 
 heretofore most im]>erfectly known, while other British vessels are em- 
 ployed among the South Sea islands, esi)eeially the Fiji group. 
 
 In Asia, the British IlydrogTaphic Office at Calcutta is revising, cor- 
 recting, and extending all the former surveys of the British EnHt India 
 possessions. This nation has done, and is doing, more in the direction 
 of developing hydrographic knowledge than all other civilized nations 
 combined. No expense is spared to mark the dangers which beset the 
 path of her navigators and her commerce, or to lighten the ocean high- 
 ways; unknown coasts are boldly approached, unknown seas entered 
 and made to reveal their dangers and their advantages. Iler liberal 
 spirit is a thousand times repaid in the saving of time which is achieved 
 and the safety which is insured to her commerce and her citizens, who, 
 following closely after her explorers and surveyors, seize every oppor- 
 tunity, however slight, to develop and extend the commerce, and open 
 up new markets for British manufactures, which have given England 
 the commercial supremacy of the world. 
 
 Portugal is publishing a series of coast and harbor charts from new 
 surveys. 
 
 Spain has undertaken a resurvey of her Mediterranean coasts, which 
 has about reached the French boundary, and the charts already pub- 
 lished establish grave errors in those heretofore depended upon. An 
 energetic survey of the entire Philippine group is being matle, aud 
 charts of Cuba are being thoroughly revised. 
 
 Italy is busy with a resurvey of her coasts and adjacent waters. 
 
 Germany is making a survey of all its shores, and the hitherto dan- 
 gerous navigation of the Baltic will be made more safe, as new charts 
 are rapidly published. 
 
 Netherland surveying vessels are engaged in active surveys of their 
 possessions in the East Indian Archipelago. 
 
 Chili is displaying great activity on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and 
 Bolivia, while Japan, with admirable energy and devotion to modern 
 progress, has established a national Hydrographic Office and under- 
 taken thorough surveys of all her shores and her innumerable harbors, 
 furnishing in rapid succession engraved charts, which compare most 
 favorably with the issues of older hydrographic institutions. That en- 
 ergetic ])eoi)le is even already pushing its surveys into the waters of 
 Corea, of which but little is now known, and whicU seems destined to 
 become of commercial imjiortance in the near future. 
 
 These hydrographic labors, developing great changes and new dan- 
 gers, necessarily entail upon this office constantly increasing work in 
 correcting chart plates, sailing directions, and light lists of all parts 
 of the world; and in order to keep up with the numerous corrections, 
 discoveries, and changes constantly reported, the small force of drafts- 
 men and engravers at our disposition is taxed to their utmost capacity, 
 to such an extent, in fact, that the publication of some of our general 
 ocean charts have been necessarily delayed, although taken in hand 
 over two years ago.
 
 REPORT OF THE {SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 515 
 
 SURVEYS AND nYDKOGRAPniC EXAMINATIONS BY UNITED STATES 
 NAVAL VESSELS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. 
 
 The highest credit is due to the officers of tlie Arctic Expedition in 
 the steamer Jeaiiuette, Lieutenaut-Commander Geo. W. De Lonfj, and 
 to the officers of the puroliased steamer Eodgers, Lieut. H. M. Berry, 
 commandiug, for the work done, and the geographical discoveries made 
 by them and the officers luuler their command, in the Siberian Arctic. 
 Their hazardous mission was pursued fearlessly, and with great zeal 
 and energy. Although the results achieved are not commensurate with 
 the hardships and loss of life endured by these bold workers in the 
 cause of scientific discovery, yet are they nevertheless very important. 
 The islands discovered by Lieutenant Commander De Long to the 
 northward and eastward of the new Siberian group, and named by him, 
 respectively, "Jeannette," "Henrietta," and "Bennett" Islands, may 
 l>e considered an extension of that group, and have been entered upon 
 our charts, under the collective name of "DeLong Lslands," as a lasting 
 testimonial in the regions of eternal ice to the intrepidity of the com- 
 mander of the Jeanuette, who with indomitable energy reached a higher 
 latitude than any heretofore attained in the Siberian Arctic, and gave 
 his life to the cause of scientific research, while inscribing his name for 
 ages where few may hope to follow. 
 
 Wrangel Land, first vaguely rei)orted by Admiral Wrangel of the 
 Kussiau navj', afterwards believed to have been seen much farther 
 north by the late Admiral Kellett of the English navy, and closely 
 api)roached by two American whalers in 1807, was generally supposed 
 to be the southern extremity of an archipelago or mainland extending 
 to the Pole, and possibly connecting with Greenland ; it was even so 
 represented by Dr. Petermann on some charts published in his justly 
 celebrated work the " Mittheilungen." These theories have been entirely 
 disproved by Lieutenant Berrj'jOf theEodgers, who found Wrangel Land 
 to be an isolated island of about 70 miles in its greatest dimensions. 
 An excellent running survey of its shores and shoals was obtained by 
 his boats, which almost entirely circumnavigated the island and defined 
 its limits. After penetrating into the ice 180 miles north of the island, 
 the remarkable fact was observed that the water constantly deepened 
 as the latitude increased. From the preliminary data obtained, charts 
 No. 900, 907, and 90S were prepared, and have been distributed to all 
 foreign Jlydrographic Offices. 
 
 The prosecution of the survey of the west coast of Mexico by Com- 
 mander Philip in the U. S. S. Kanger, although delayed by a pecu- 
 liarly unfavorable season, was continued by that oHicer with his usiud 
 energy and faithfulness. During that portion of the year when oper- 
 ations on a tropical coast were necessarily susi)ended, the work of 
 plotting and ])reparing smooth charts was jHosecuted with good results 
 at San J'^rancisco. A ])ortion of the season was devoted to an unsuc- 
 cessful search for tin* Keed rocks, which have been reported on several 
 occasions as existing about 7(»0 miles west of San Francisco. Although 
 they were not found by tlie Kanger, the weight of testimony as to their 
 existence is great enough to justify a further and more exhaustive search, 
 when a vessel properly equipjied can be spared for that service. It is 
 quite ])ossible that they may have disap])earcd in some of the great 
 disturbances which are known to aftect the bed of the Pacific Ocean, 
 but, until that fact is demonstrated by further search, their apjiear- 
 auce on the charts is a serious embarrassment to navigators, entailing 
 anxiety and loss of time.
 
 516 I'AI'ERS ACCOMPANYINO THE 
 
 Tlic siirvoy ol" tlic wost coast ol" iMcxico huK l)oen ciniiidctod witli tlie 
 excei>tioii ol" tlie isoctioii between Vcutosii I'oiiit ami tlie Oco.s liiver. 
 When tliis gap shall bo tilled during tin; earii(;r ])art of the coining 
 season, the extension of the survey over the coasts of Costa Jlica and 
 ^Nicaragua, from the Gulf of Fonsc^ea to the Gulf of Dulce, will be com- 
 menced, in accordance with the wishes of the Bureau. 
 
 The result of last season's work on the west coast is conipris(Hl in 
 special charts of Manzanilla and Santiago liays, Chamala «)r J'erula 
 Bay, Tenacatita and Navidad Bays, and of the port of Altata, in tlie 
 Gulf of California. This port is the western terminus of one of tlie 
 ])rincipal railroads through the province of Sinaloa, and will eventually 
 become an im]>ortant shipping port for the rich mineral district tlirougii 
 which the road is being constructed. When the riiilip survey is com- 
 plete, American charts from Panama toBehring's Straits willbe the latent 
 and most reliable guides published for the use of navigators. 
 
 The very imi)ortant survey during the past winter of the Bay of 
 Samaua, done under the direction of the Bureau of Navigation by 
 Commander Bridgeman in the U. S. S. Despatch, has been most admir- 
 ably executed by that officer, and the skilled corps of uaval ofticers 
 under his command. The work, which proved very arduous, has been 
 thoroughly executed, and reflects great credit upon the officers who 
 performed it, and the results received are not surpassed in excellence 
 by any previous surveys received by this office. The survey embraced 
 the entire Bay of Samaua, including the Yuua and Barracouta Rivers 
 as far as navigable. But little was known of this magnificeut bay pre- 
 vious to Commander Bridgemau's survey, in which its marvelous re- 
 sources and capacity have been develox)ed. 
 
 The energy and zeal of the officers of the Despatch may be appreciated 
 when it is remembered that the work was completed in less than eighty 
 working days, during which 15,655 angles were measured, 57,877 sound- 
 ings obtained on lines run by the vessel and its boats, and that those 
 lines aggregated 2,603 miles. These details are alluded to in order to 
 show what results can be obtained by an energetic and intelligent work- 
 ing party carefully equiijped with all modern facilities for marine sur- 
 veying. The working force of this party was more than quadrupled by 
 being furnished with steam launches, which never tire under the direc- 
 tion of industrious and energetic officers. 
 
 The publication of a chart of the entire bay, with special charts of 
 the harbors of Santa Barbara and San Lorenzo, will be pushed forward 
 as fast as the current work of the office will permit. 
 
 The U. S. S. Alert, Commander C. L. Huntington, completed the ex- 
 amination of the islands and reefs southward of the Gulf of Yedo to 
 the Marianne group, and to the westward of the latter, disproving the 
 existence of a number of reefs by soundings with the deep-sea apparatus 
 over and in the \icinity of the reported positions. The same officer gave 
 information regarding anchorages on the coast of China. Comjnander 
 Louis Kemj)!}', his successor in command of the Alert, transmitted a 
 description and tracings of the new dock in Batavia Roads, Java, which 
 were published by this office. 
 
 Commander G. H. Wadleigh, of the U. S. S. Alliance, while in search 
 of tidings from the Jeannette, between Greenland and Spitzbergen, 
 collected important data regarding the coasts of Iceland and the waters 
 in the vicinity. His meteorological and current observations during the 
 cruise are of special value. 
 
 The F. S. S. Shenandoah, Capt. W. A. Kirkland, made an unsuccess-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVV. 517 
 
 fill search for tlie ^ladeiro liock, oli" the coast of Jirazil, veritied the 
 cxtcntof the La Plata Basin, and fjavc (tther hydro^aaphicmforniation. 
 
 The XL S. S. Yandalia, Capt. K. W. Meade, furnished a plan siiowinj^- 
 the depth of water at and otf the docks at Aspinwall, also a survey ot" 
 Boca del Toro by Lieut. H. Perkins and Ensij^ii L. Flynne. From the 
 carefully kept journal of the commander, copious notes were derived 
 leyardiut;- the ]>ennudas and various harbors in the West Indies and on 
 the North Atlantic coast. 
 
 The U. S. S. Quinnebau«:, Commander X. H. Farquhar, furnished 
 hydrograpliic information refjarding a number of ports in the eastern 
 part of the Mediterranean. 
 
 The U. IS. S. Galena, Commander O. A. IJatchcller. reported hydro- 
 graphic data regardinjj the ports of Alexandria and Gibraltar, as also 
 for the west coast of ^Morocco. 
 
 The U. S. S. Essex, Commander A. H. McCormiek, reported errors 
 in the sailing directions for the west coast of Africa, 
 
 The U. S. 8. Trenton, Capt. F. M. IJamsay, reported an error in the 
 longitude of the Balearic Islands, and other hydrographic information. 
 
 Tiie U. 8. 8. Marion, Commander 8. W. Terry, furnished a chart and 
 views of neard and ^Macdonald Lslands in the Indian Ocean. 
 
 The U. S. S. Kearsarge, Commander G. B. White, reported concern- 
 ing the buoys in the entrance of Kingston Harbor, Jamaica, as also the 
 water in the South Pass of the Mississippi. 
 
 The IJ. S. S. Yantic, Commamler E. T. Woodward, gave iuformaiion 
 regarding wrecks on the Tuxpau Keef, east coast of !Mexico, the light at 
 Tampico, and the channels leading to Aux Cayes, Hayti. 
 
 The U. 8. S. Brooklyn, Ca])t. A. W. Weaver, forwarded information re- 
 garding obstructions in the harbor of Montevideo, and buoys in Magel- 
 lan's Straits. 
 
 The U. S. S. Adams, Commander E. C. Merrimau, reported regarding 
 a wreck in Panama Koads. 
 
 Bear- Admiral J. H. 8j)otts, of the South Atlantic squadron, transmit- 
 ted valuable information regarding the La Plata Bank; and Bear- 
 Admiral .1. M. B. Clitz, commanding the Asiatic Station, transmitted 
 tracings of a recent British survey in the vicinity of Okosiri Island, 
 Japan. 
 
 The Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Sur- 
 vey has given very valuable assistance to this oflicc by furnishing ad- 
 vance sheets of several iini)ublished surveys on our western coast, with 
 other hydrograjHiic information. The office is specially indebted to him 
 for the electroty])ing of a niiniber of plates. 
 
 Important hydrograpliicr information from Mr. W. P. Pierce, United 
 States consul at Cienfnegos ; Mr. E. W. P. Smith, T'nited States consul 
 at Carthagena, Colombia ; Mr. E. II. IMumacher, L'nited States consul 
 at Maracaibo, and Mr. William Morey, United States consul at Colombo, 
 Ceylon, was transmitted from the Department of State to the Navy De- 
 I)artment, and referretl to this otlice. 
 
 This othce is also indebted to the boaid of underwriters of New York 
 for information regarding the bar of the Bio Grande at our boundar\- 
 line with ^lexico. 
 
 Of late years, much interest has been manifested by the Geographical 
 Institutions of Europe, and by jirivate individuals, in i)erfccting a 
 method by which drawings, charts, maps, &c., could be transferred to 
 copper and printed as frumi engraved i)lates. The Topographical 
 Bureau of the Austrian army has succeeded in i)roducing by this method, 
 known ;is lleliography or Photogravure, a series of military topt>graph-
 
 518 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 ical cliarls of tho Aiistiiaii Eni])ii'(',(iom|)anng well with cd graved charts, 
 but hardly of .sutlicicnt .size for nautical charts. 
 
 liocoiitly, however, private «'ntor))rise in this country has become in- 
 terested ill the subject, and satisfactory specimens of this method have 
 been received. Tliis process ]>romises such important and economical 
 results, combined with the ability to make necessary corrections and 
 additions on the ]>lates, that it has been considered advisable to en- 
 courage the development of tlu^ process to the fullest extent, and, with 
 this end in view, Charts Xo. i)l'3. Port Henry, in Magellan Straits, and 
 No. 914, South Coast of England, which are needed for issue, have 
 been prepared for republication, and jdaced in the hands of the opera- 
 tors. 
 
 The results of the final experiments are awaited with interest, and 
 such confidence in its success that the publication of a second edition 
 of Chart 809, Coast of Labrador, is held in abeyance until the two other 
 plates referred to are received. Should the degree of success equal 
 our apparently just expectations, this office will enter upon a new era in 
 chart production, as charts by this process can be ready for printing 
 in one-fourth the time required for engraving the ordinary plate. 
 
 EECOMMENDATIONS. 
 
 In my last report I urged the importance of a survey of the Caroline 
 and Marshall groups in the North Pacific Ocean, and a revision of the 
 imperfect surveys of the so-called Spanish Main, and of the coasts of 
 South America, eastward of Trinidad to the mouth of the Amazon. 
 
 I can only renew my solicitations for the detail of vessels fitted out 
 for this work, and reiterate my statements of the importance to com- 
 merce of correct charts for navigating these waters. 
 
 In the Caroline and Marshall group, as well as throughout the Pacific 
 Ocean, there are many entirely unsurveyed dangers which greatly im- 
 pede navigation. 
 
 The searches for reported submerged reefs were heretofore very diffi- 
 cult. Late improvements in deep-sea sounding apparatus facilitate 
 them greatly, and thorough examination of the localities reported as 
 unsafe is again urged upon the attention of the Bureau. 
 
 The Government of the Sandwich Islands has almost completed a 
 geodetical survey of the gTOup, but is hardly prepared to perform the 
 hydrographic part of it. A chart of a portion of Oahu, now on issue by 
 this office, does not show a single sounding on the eastern and north- 
 eastern coasts. 
 
 Our relations with the Sandwich Islands are such that we are almost 
 called upon for. aid in these important labors ; and I recommend that 
 the necessary soundings be taken north of the islands, in order that the 
 character of the approaches may be plotted. 
 
 ##*»*♦* 
 
 Very respectfullv, your obedient servant, 
 
 J. C. P. DeKRAFFT, 
 Commodore, TJ. S. jV., Hydrographer, 
 Commodore J. G. Walker, U. S. N., 
 
 Chief of the Bureau of Xavigafion.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 619 
 
 KEPOKT OF THE CHIEF SIGNAL OFFIOEK. 
 
 if AVY Department, Bureau of Navigation, 
 
 Signal Office, 
 Woshixf/toUj D. C, Novemhcr 15, 1882. 
 
 Sir: In couipliaucc witli your order of the 21st ultimo, the followiuf? 
 report of tbc operatious of the Signal Office for the past year is re- 
 spectfully submitted : 
 
 Letters from the Army Signal Otlice, asking foi- information and re- 
 questing co-operation, have been referred to this office, the replies to 
 Avhich have been transmitted to the Bureau. 
 
 Capt. James 11. Gillis, U. S. N., vsubmittcd a phin for niglit signaling, 
 (devised by himself, which was carefully considered in this office, and 
 ^tlie report submitted to the Bureau April 8. 
 
 Experiments have been made on board of nine naval A^essels to de- 
 termine the relative merits of Very's and Coston's night signals, and the 
 result, deduced from the experiments, was subniitted to y(»u on June 30. 
 
 Experiments were made lo determine the relative merits of the Win- 
 chester and Ely cartridges, for use with the Very night signals, and 
 the report submitted August 18. 
 
 A telegTaphic code for sending or transmitting cable messages by 
 substituting a word for a sentence, has been x>repared, and was sub- 
 mitted to tlie Bureau on the 12th of August. 
 
 The quarterly reports of instruction in signaling, received from ves- 
 sels in commission in the early part of the year, indicated in many in- 
 stances that the practice of signaling had been neglected. 
 
 It is very desirable that the instruction should be continued, and the 
 quarterly reports should show that not only tl)e siginil officer, but that 
 all the watch and division officers do give practical instruction to the 
 quartermasters, coxswains, appn.'ntices, and young blue-jackets, not ex- 
 clusively in Myers' code, but in the naval day and night codes, in the 
 rules of the road, and the significations of buoys, beacons, and channel 
 marks. 
 
 The meteorological bulletins received from many of the vessels show 
 a great want of care in recording, and are frequently relujued. to the 
 ships for revision and correction. Tiiey are not forwarded to the Army 
 Signal Office until this ollice is satislied of their correctness. 
 
 1 take this occasion to renew my verbal recjuest that all material and 
 matter relating in any way to signaling be submitted to this office to 
 be noticed and considered, in order that the Chief Signal Officer may 
 be able to keej) a connected and reliable record of all subjects pertain- 
 ing to signals and signaling. 
 
 Very respect full v, your obedient servant, 
 
 P. C. JOHNSON, 
 Captain^ and Oiief Signal Officer, U. iS. iV. 
 
 Capt. Jno. G. Walker, U. S. N., 
 
 Chief of Jiiircan of N((ri(j(^ti<ni, d'c, 
 
 Navy Deput hiicnt, Washington, D. G.
 
 »20 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 KEPOKT OF THE SUl'ERIXTENDENT OF THE NAUTICAL 
 
 ALxMANAC. 
 
 Nautical Almanac Office, 
 
 Bureau of Navigation, 
 Washingto)}, J). C, September IG, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the opera- 
 tions of this office during the past year: 
 
 The American Nautical Almanac for the year 1885 was issued from 
 the press in January last, and the large Ephemeris in July. 
 
 A supplement to the volumes for 18«l-'84 has also been prepared, and 
 is now in press. It comprises ephemerides of the apparent right ascen- 
 sions of 175 stars additional to the regular list of the Ephemeris, and is 
 intended for the use of field observers engaged on the public surveys, 
 who have long felt the want of it. 
 
 Of the Almanac and Ephemeris for 1886, 290 pages are now in type. 
 The printing, w hich four years ago was more than six months in arrears, 
 is now fully brought up to date. 
 
 During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, 269 copies of the large 
 Ephemeris were sold, and 643 were distributed for the public service 
 and for scientific and educational purposes. Of the Navigator's Al- 
 manac, 2,459 copies were sold. The number sold at each agency is as 
 follows: 
 
 Boston...' 380 
 
 New York 1,040 
 
 Philadelphia 490 
 
 Baltimore ^ 41 
 
 Charleston 24 
 
 New Orleans 49 
 
 Sau Francisco , 355 
 
 Portland, Oreg 60 
 
 2,459 
 
 The computations on the Ephemeris for 1886 are nearly completed, 
 with the exception of the fixed stars and the occultatious. The compu- 
 tations' for 1887 are in full progress, and those for 18f^8 are being com- 
 menced. Certain portions of the work relating to the sun and moon 
 have to be commenced far in advance in order to be available for sub- 
 sequent computations; and the time to be allowed for this purpose is 
 increased by the fact that the computations are performed by gentle- 
 men residing at a distance from the office. No actual loss is, however, 
 experienced from this cause, and the only inconvenience is the amount 
 of correspondence which the management of the work entails upon the 
 office. 
 
 The future policy of the office will probably be to concentrate the 
 work in Washington, but the work of training a new hand into the 
 regular and exact performance of a job of this kind is So troublesome 
 that no change of system is advisable, excej)t as the older hands retire. 
 
 ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCHES. 
 
 The increased force at the disposal of the office has enabled it to push 
 forward the labor of iuvestigating the planetary motions anew from the 
 most modern data.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 521 
 
 The followiDg are the principal works on which progress has been 
 made during the year : 
 
 Jupiter and Saturn. — Mr. Hill's work on the perturbations of these two 
 planets by all the others has been continued by him with his usual as- 
 siduity during the entire year. 
 
 Tran.nts of Mercury. — The discussion of all observed transits of Mer- 
 cury from 1G77 to 1881 has been concluded, and the last sheets are now 
 in press. The discussion forms the concluding i)art of Vol. I of the 
 Astronomical llesearches of the American Ei»hemeris. 
 
 Tlieor;/ of Mercury. — In order to work up the ditlevent planets sys- 
 tematically, the inner one, Mercury, was first commenced. The manu- 
 script tables mentione<l in my last annual rei)ort have been used to com- 
 pare with meridian observations since 17o0, and the computation of the 
 coefficients for the elements has been commenced. 
 
 Reduction of Grecnn-ich ohi^crrution.H. — A very necessai-y part of the 
 jjlanetary work is the determination of the corrections to the older Green- 
 "wich observations in order to make them correspond to the most modern 
 data. This work has been inti usted to Prof. T. II. Sartbrd, of Williams 
 College, whose minute acquaintance with the older instruments and 
 methods of astronomy, especially those employed at the Greenwich 
 Obsen'atory, eminently qualifies liim for such investigations. He re- 
 ports his work as complete and nearly ready for the i)ress, and it is in- 
 tended to publish it as a part of Vol. II of the Astronomical Papers. 
 
 Reduction of occultations. — Little progress has been made during the 
 last year in tin; reduction of occultations since 1750. Everything is, 
 however, now ready to push it vigorously forward. 
 
 Development of R. — A new development of the perturbative function 
 adapted to the practical work of determining the ine<iualities of the 
 planetary motions has been effected and is now ready for press. 
 
 Velocity of light. — The great delay in seeming an appropriation for 
 completing the measures of the velocity of light has interfered with the 
 progress of that work. It has, however, been continued since the new 
 appropriation became available, and the experiments are regardetl as 
 complete. Attention has been directed especially to the discovery of 
 any possible systematic error in the working of the apparatus. Tliere 
 has been some reason to fear such an error arising from torsional vibra- 
 tion of the revolving steel mirror, and an arrangement was made in such 
 a way as to eliminate this error should it exist. The latest experiments 
 seem to indicate that, if it exists at all, it is extremely minute, and that 
 a result for this most im])ortant physical and astronomical constant 
 will be obtained which will command general conlidence. 
 
 The result of the present experiments being ai)preciably dilferent from 
 those obtiiined by Master A. A. Michelson, at the Naval Academy, I 
 made application to the board of direction of the Bache fund for a grant 
 to enable Mr. Michelson to repeat his determination at the Case Insti- 
 tute, in Cleveland. His measures are now in ])rogress, but are otlicially 
 independent of the work of this otlice in the same direction. 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 SIMON NEWCOMB, 
 Superintendent Xautical Abnana<:. 
 
 Commodore J. G. Walker, U. S. N., 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Navigation^ Xavy Department. 
 • • • « * • •
 
 522 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 llErOKT OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUKEAU OF STEAM 
 ENGINEElilNG. 
 
 Navy Department, 
 Bureau op Steam Ei^gineering, 
 
 Washington, November 15, 1883. 
 
 Sir : lu obedience to your order, I have tlie honor to submit to the 
 department the annual report of this Bureau for the past year, together 
 with estimates for fiscal year 1883-'84. 
 
 Amount appropriated for fiscal yedr 1881-'82, aqt approved February 23, 
 
 1881 $875,000 
 
 Amount appropriated to supply deficiencies for fiscal year 1^81-'82, act 
 
 approved August 5, 1882 212,000 
 
 Total 1,087,000 
 
 EXPENDED. 
 
 For labor in navy-yards and stations in constructing new engines, boil- 
 ers, and ibeir dependencies, repairing old boilers, machinery, &c., 
 and fitting vessels for sea-service, preservation of tools, liandling and 
 preservation of materials and stores 495, 367 80 
 
 Tliepurchaseof materials, stores, machine-tools, freights, and incidental 
 expenses 513, 643 80 
 
 For payment on foreign stations for repairs, materials, &c 39, 986 89 
 
 Total l,048,f)98 49 
 
 Less repayment by transfers in adjustment of appropriations 745 74 
 
 Total expenditures 1,048,252 75 
 
 Balance on hand ;?8, 747 25 
 
 This balance of $38,747.25, however, is covered by obligations of the 
 Bureau for purchnses, &c., at home and abroad, the vouchers for wiiieh 
 have not yet been received or the accounts not yet settled. 
 
 There yet remains to be paid from the deficiency a]ipropriatiou, act 
 approved June 14, 1878, for work not yet completed, the following 
 sums, viz: 
 
 ToHarlan& Hollingsworth Company $12,881 68 
 
 To William Cramp & Sons 22, 8:>0 00 
 
 Total 35,731 68 
 
 THE GENERAL OPERATIONS OP THE BUREAU. 
 
 The following will exhibit the character and cost for labor and mate- 
 rial of the work done under cognizance of this Bureau for the fiscal 
 year ending June oO, 1882, ui)on the machinery, boilers, &c., of naval 
 vessels, and tlie expenditures for maintenauce, &c., at the several navy- 
 yards and stations :
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 
 
 523 
 
 Name of vpssel 
 
 Alaska 
 Adams 
 AHianco . 
 Asbuelot 
 
 Alert 
 
 Alanu , 
 A.jax 
 Bixwiklyu , 
 
 Colorado. 
 
 Congiesfi 
 
 Canandaigna . 
 
 Canouicu» 
 
 CoHnti'llation 
 
 Cntuljia. 
 Cohasset. 
 Despatch . 
 Dictator . . 
 Essox . 
 
 Kcniarks. 
 
 Kcarsnrgo ; Hd 
 
 Kausas ' ''i\ 
 
 Lancaster 1 I'd 
 
 Laokaivanna 
 
 Ltduirh 
 
 J..eyil«!n - 
 
 ALiiiou 
 
 Hfouocacy 
 
 iliihiiiHD 
 
 ^liiiiii'.sdta , 
 
 jVtaiihnttan 
 
 Moutuuk 
 
 MiantDiionioh 
 
 May (lower 
 
 Monterey 
 
 Nipsic 
 
 Kaliant 
 
 New llaiupsLivo 
 
 Omalia 
 
 2d 
 
 Inin-clad 
 
 '^•"S 
 
 3.1 
 
 3d 
 
 -Ith 
 
 l«t 
 
 Iron-dnd 
 IroU'Clud 
 Iron-dad 
 T"K 
 
 ?>' 
 
 .'Id 
 
 Iron-clad 
 2a 
 
 Ossinee , 
 
 I'owliatau 
 
 PonwR^ola 
 
 Paloa 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 3d .. 
 2d .. 
 2d .. 
 4th . 
 •J.l . . 
 
 1, i:)9 03 
 275 32 
 35, MS 80 
 
 2, 370 87 
 gf)' 
 
 3, 393 09 
 275 32 
 13, 373 06 49, 790 88 
 
 109 
 
 19,-) 
 
 340 
 
 HO 
 
 1,003 
 
 3, 04fl 77 
 
 31 21 
 
 m 00 
 
 1, 2M 50 
 
 1,277 GO 
 
 19 36 
 
 1,184 
 
 1,5«0 
 
 30.S 
 
 83.-. 
 
 97 
 
 55 
 
 41 7» 
 120 25 
 
 3,704 J7 
 
 2, 493 71 
 
 31 !»7 
 
 1,843 11 
 
 10.730 14 
 
 12, 647 25 
 
 3.071 20 
 
 2,371 17 
 
 21 J 38 
 
 1, 402 30 
 
 ."i, 3.'0 28 
 
 2. 78-.' 40 
 
 r<U 05 
 
 5,419 C4 
 31 21 
 
 2.Vi 1-5 
 1, 480 25 
 1,617 97 
 
 100 •.:4 
 
 1, 003 49 
 
 41 79 
 
 126 25 
 1, 184 (tS 
 5, 325 04 
 
 3U8 97 
 3, 329 53 
 
 129 21 I 
 1, 898 .58 
 
 10, 790 14 , 
 
 12, ft«7 25 I 
 
 9, Oil 18. 
 5, 133 57 I 
 
 7i':i 43 
 
 1,4(12 30 
 
 In scrvic* ; slight repairs made. 
 
 In service; machinery repaiitnl. 
 
 In service; slight repairs niado. 
 Do. 
 
 At Mare Ishind; requires repair. 
 
 At Norfolk ; sundry i'e[>aira made. 
 
 Heiiig preserved. 
 
 In i-ervice; thorough repairs cotu- 
 pleted at the New York yard. 
 
 Recciving.siii]) at New " York ; 
 Hli!:lit n-pairn made. 
 
 Pre.-t Tviu'^ iiiachinerj" at Ports- 
 mouth, N. H. 
 
 Preserving machinery at Norfolk, 
 Va. 
 
 Repairs tolanuch. 
 
 Hnudry repaii-s made. 
 
 Slight n-pairs to lannch. 
 
 In service ; snndry repairs made. 
 Do. ^ 
 
 Do. 
 
 Preserving machinery. 
 
 Id service ; machinery repaiitjd at 
 League Island ; new boilers heiu;; 
 built at New York. 
 
 In service ; thoroughly repaire«l at 
 Washington, with new hoilci^. 
 
 In service ; sundry repairs made. 
 
 Keceiving-ship at Norfolk; sun 
 dry repairs made. 
 
 Preserving machinery at Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 Being thoioughly repaired, with 
 new boilers. 
 
 In Service ; slight repairs ina<le. 
 
 lu ,-tervice; thoroughlv repaired, 
 with new boileis, at iJostun. 
 
 In service ; thoroughly repaired, 
 with new boilers, at Mare Isluud. 
 
 Stores furnisheil. 
 
 Presorring material. 
 
 Slight repairs to l.ninch. 
 
 Thorough repaiis made, with new 
 boilers, nearly completed, at 
 New York. 
 
 Pi-eserving machinery. 
 
 Sundry repairs made. 
 
 Machinerv, boilers, &c., rei)aired 
 at Norfolk. 
 
 In service; sundry repairs made. 
 
 Preserving m.ichincry. 
 
 Ill service; thorough repairs, with 
 now hoilrrs. completed at Ports- 
 mouth, N. H. 
 
 In service; sundry it-pairs made. 
 
 Pre.serving machinery. 
 
 Slight repairs made. 
 Do. 
 
 In service; sliglit repairs made. 
 Do." 
 
 Slight repairs made. 
 
 I'l-p.serving machinery. 
 
 In service. 
 
 Preserving machinery. 
 
 Sundry i-ejiairs made. 
 Do. 
 
 In service; slight n>])aii8 made. 
 
 Preserving macliiuery. 
 
 Stores, Jtc, lor launch, and heat- 
 ers. 
 
 Kepaiis to muk hitierv under way 
 at Poilsiiiiiuth. N. H. 
 
 Under re)>air at I,i.'aj;uo Isl.ind. 
 
 Ill .service; sundry reiiairs made. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Kngines, Ac, disconnected at 
 Poilsiuouth, N. H.
 
 i24 
 
 [•Al'E«S ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Xame of vesnel. 
 
 ]*assaic . 
 I'lilox... 
 Pil^niin . 
 Piuta... 
 
 Quinnobanj 
 liichiaond . 
 Kanger .... 
 Eeacue 
 
 Eocket 
 
 Kose 
 
 Sheuandoali . 
 
 Swatara 
 
 Shawiuiit 
 
 Seawoptl 
 
 Suowdiou . . . 
 
 Speedwell . 
 Standish... 
 Teiinesijoe . 
 
 Treuton 
 
 Ticonderoga . 
 Tiiscarora . . . 
 
 Tallapoosa. 
 
 Katr 
 
 e V o 
 P4 
 
 Iron-clad ! 
 
 Tug $820 17 
 
 Tnj; ICO 12 
 
 Tug 22,100 42 
 
 3d .. 
 2d .. 
 3d .. 
 Tug 
 
 Tug 
 2d .. 
 3d . . 
 3d .. 
 
 Tug 
 
 Tng 
 Tug 
 1st.. 
 
 540 34 
 
 72 73 
 
 .1 90(i 91 
 
 .' 2,140 53 
 
 .1 8 38 
 
 .; 20 25 
 
 .! 082 97 
 
 .' 224 62 
 
 182 50 
 
 300 21 
 
 6, 708 42 
 
 1, 546 73 
 2,051 23 
 4, 658 40 
 
 Tiiana Tug 
 
 Vaudalia 2d 
 
 Wachusett 3d 
 
 "Wyoming 3d 
 
 "Wabash Ist 
 
 "Worcester i 2d 
 
 "Wyandotte iron-clad 
 
 Yantic ! 3d 
 
 195 52 
 
 'iso'si 
 
 2d 0,250 20 
 
 2d I 102 52 
 
 3d ' 2,498 09 
 
 4th ! 14,760 37 
 
 1, 127 80 
 309 02 
 312 37 
 404 06 
 
 $377 07 
 "'266'64 
 
 C, «8 00 
 
 3, 069 27 
 
 2,476 31 
 
 02 57 
 
 285 07 
 
 3, 577 02 
 
 484 13 
 
 417 55 
 
 389 11 
 5, 054 81 
 4, 160 10 
 
 24 53 
 
 23 33 
 
 rl I 
 
 $377 07 
 
 820 17 
 
 366 76 
 
 22, 100 42 
 
 7, 197 40 
 3, 142 00 
 3, 383 22 
 2, 209 10 
 
 8 38 
 
 305 32 
 4, 259 99 
 
 708 75 
 182 50 
 
 306 21 
 
 7, 215 97 
 
 1, 935 84 
 7, 070 34 
 
 8, 818 50 
 
 6, 274 81 
 
 125 85 
 2, 498 09 
 
 , 010 01 \ 16, 770 36 
 
 177 41 
 
 2, 739 54 
 
 2, 954 31 
 
 49 82 
 
 079 32 
 
 380 03 
 1, 501 59 
 
 Kf^inarks. 
 
 1, 305 21 
 
 3, 048 56 
 
 3,266 68 
 
 453 88 
 
 679 32 
 
 195 52 
 
 386 03 
 
 1, 682 43 
 
 In service; stores. 
 Slight lepair.i made. 
 
 Do. 
 Being thoroughly repaired, with 
 
 new boilers, at Norfolk. 
 In sen'ice ; slight repairs made. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Being rf])iiired, \sitb new boilers, 
 
 at Washington. 
 Slight repairs made. 
 
 Do. 
 Being repaired at Boslon. 
 In service; .slight re])airs made. 
 Preserving iiiachiupry. 
 Sundry repair.s made. 
 In service; repaiied, -with new 
 
 boilers, at Norfolk. 
 Repaired \rith new propeller. 
 Sundry repairs made. 
 In service; machinery, &;c., re- 
 paired. 
 In service ; thorougli repairs under 
 
 way at Xew York. 
 Slight repairs made. 
 Work on new boilers at Maro 
 
 Island. 
 In service; thorough repairs, •with 
 
 new boilers, completed at 
 
 "W^a.shiugton. 
 Kepaired at New York. 
 In service ; sundrj' repairs made 
 In ser^^ce ; sliglit repairs made. 
 Sundry repairs made. 
 Stores furnished. 
 Preserv'ing machinery. 
 Stores fviruishe<i. 
 In service ; slight repairs made. 
 
 Totals ! |428,377 72 1126,092 83 1554,470 55 
 
 Expenditures at navy-yards and stations not included in amount expended on nuval vessels. 
 
 ^avy-yard. 
 
 Yard expenses. 
 
 MisceUaneons. ! 
 
 Total. 
 
 Portsmouth, X. H , 
 
 Boston, Ma^ss 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y 
 
 League Island, Pa 
 
 Washington, I). C 
 
 2f orfolk, Va 
 
 Pensacola, Fla 
 
 Mare Island, Cal 
 
 Xow London, Conn 
 
 Key West, Fla j. 
 
 Tetals 
 
 $19, 
 33, 
 45, 
 20, 
 32, 
 
 is, 
 
 60, 
 1. 
 3, 
 
 766 29 
 040 15 
 393 47 
 028 28 
 267 7& 
 120 82 
 766 37 
 916 42 
 594 50 
 ^90 80 
 
 $3, 004 33 
 
 233 09 
 
 23, 274 33 
 
 8, 913 93 
 
 18, 794 20 
 
 996 75 
 1, 823 00 
 
 07, 039 03 
 
 $22, 770 02 
 .33, 273 24 
 68,667 80 
 28, 942 21 
 51,061 99 
 35, 120 82 
 13, 763 12 
 62, 739 42 
 1,594 56 
 3, 290 80 
 
 321, 224 58 
 
 NAVY-YAUDS. 
 
 The departments under cognizance of tliis Bureau at the several navy- 
 yards, under tbeir present organization and equipment are in good work- 
 ing condition, and will be further improved for chea]) and rapid con- 
 struction of boilers when the few machine-tools lately purchased for 
 Washington, Norfolk, and Mare Island na^'y"-yards are erected in the 
 shops of said yards. 
 
 In this connection I beg to urge tiiat the amount called for in the
 
 PtlCrORT OF THE SECRETARY OF TliE NAVY. 525 
 
 estimates for civil eiStablisliineiit herewith may be allowed, thus yiNiiig 
 the Burean two clerks at each navy-yard. 
 
 With the ])res<'ut ainoiiut but one can be paid from this appr(>i)riati()a 
 for each y;ird, "svhich is insufficient to properly keep up tlu* iccords, rc- 
 l)orts, &c., of thi.s Bureau at the yards, and in case of sickness seriouij 
 embarrassments must arise. 
 
 WORK REQUIRED. 
 
 The following will show the work required to be done to engines, &c., 
 of naval steamers to lit tlu'm for efficient sea-service, all of which is 
 subject to reports from boards appointed in accordance with law. 
 
 Adanifi (od rate). — Should have new boilers, for which the material is 
 on hand ut Mare Island, 
 
 Alliance (.'id rate). — liequires some overhauling and re])air and new 
 boilers constructed, foi- which mateinal is on hand at Norfolk. 
 
 Ashuelot (3d j-ate). — Should have thorough overhauling and repair. 
 
 Alert (;kl ratej. — Make thorough rc^pairs of machinery and put in 
 new boilers. 
 
 Aniphiiritv (iron-clad, 3d rate). — Requires new machinery; comple- 
 tion and i)utting on board of new boilers. 
 
 Ajax (iron-clad, 4th rate). — Engines require repairs and new boilers. 
 
 Alarm (tor])edo-ram). — Requires to have steering-propeller arrange- 
 ments overhauled and repaired. 
 
 Benicla (2d rate). — Engines require repairs; new boilers to be con- 
 structed and put in, for which material is on hand at Mare Island. 
 
 Blue Light (tug). — Requires extensive repairs. 
 
 Colorado (1st rate). — Requires new boilers, and crank shaft (on hand) 
 to be put in, and machinery thoroughly overhauled and repaired. 
 
 Canonicm (iron-clad, -tth rate). — Requires repair and new boilers. 
 
 Catalpa (tug). — Requires overhauling and repair. 
 
 Dictator (ironclad, 3d rate). — Engines require repair and neAv boil- 
 ers constructed and ])ut in. 
 
 JEssex (.3(1 rate). — New boiler to be completed at New York yard (ma- 
 terial on hand) and ])ut in vessel. 
 
 Franklin (1st rate). — Requires new boilers (now on hand) to be put 
 in, ami machinery thoroughly overhauled and repaired. 
 
 Frolic (Ith rate). — Requires thorough overhauling and repair. 
 
 Fortune (tug).— Complete repairs to engines and ])ut in new boilers. 
 
 Glance (tug). — Requires repair and new boilers. 
 
 Laclawanna (2d rate). — Will shortly require general overhauling and 
 repair. 
 
 Minnemtta (1st rate). — jMachinery requires repair and new boiler.s. 
 
 Monongahela (2d rate). — J{e<iuires repair to nuichinefy, and new boil- 
 ers, material for which is on hand at Mare Island. 
 
 Marion (2d rate). — Should have new boilers constructed and put in 
 (material on hand at Washington). 
 
 Mohican (3d rate). — Work should be continued to com[»letion on new 
 compound engines, &c. 
 
 Monocncy (3d rate). — Will shortly require general overhauling and 
 re})air. 
 
 Monoflnock (iron-(;lad, od rate). — Requires new machinery and new 
 boilers (on hand) put in. 
 
 Michigan (4th rate). — Bequires rei)air ami new boilers. 
 
 il/a/topac (iron-clad, 4th rate). — liUgines require repair, and new boilers 
 constructed and i)ut in.
 
 526 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Manhattan (iron-clsid, 4tli rate). — Engines require repair, and new 
 boilers constructed and put in. 
 
 Mayjioioer (tug). — Requires some repairs. 
 
 Few York (1st rate). — Kew machinery ready for erection on board the 
 vessel; new boilers to be completed; material on hand. 
 
 Omaha (2d rate). — ^Machinery requires thorough overhauling and 
 repair and new boilers (on hand) put in. 
 
 Ossqiee (3d rate). — Machinery requires thorough overhauling and 
 repair, new boilers (material on hand) constructed and put in. 
 
 Poivhatan (2d rate). — Machinery requires overhauling and repair; 
 new boilers to be constructed and put in; material on hand at New 
 York. 
 
 Plymouth (2d rate).— Requires overhauling, and repair of engines and 
 boilers. 
 
 Puritan (iron-clad, 3d rate). — Requires new machinery; new boilers 
 to be completed and put in. 
 
 Rocket (tug). — Requires thorough overhauling and repair. 
 
 Shenandoaii (2d rate). — Requires thorough overhauling and repair." 
 
 Saugus (iron-clad, 4th rate). — Requires overhauling and repair and 
 new boilers. 
 
 Seaweed (tug). — Requires general repair. 
 
 Tennessee (1st rate). — Will shortly require general overhauling and 
 repair. 
 
 Ticonderoga (2d rate). — Requires thorough overhauling and repair of 
 machinery; new boilers (material on hand) to be constructed and put in. 
 
 Trenton (2d rate). — Requires completion of overhauling and repair, 
 now under way at New York. 
 
 Tuscarora (3d rate). — Thoroughly overhauling and repairing of ma- 
 chinery; new boilers (material on hand) completed and put in. 
 
 Terror (iron-clad, 3d rate). — Requires new machinery, &c. ; pjBW boilers 
 to be completed and put in. 
 
 Vandalia (2d rate). — New boilers to be constructed and put in (mate- 
 rial on hand) at Norfolk yard. 
 
 Wahash (1st rate). — Requires machinery to be thoroughly overhauled 
 and repaired ; new boilers (on hand) put in. 
 
 Wachusett (3d rate). — Requires general overhauling and repair. 
 
 Wyoming (3d rate). — Machinery requires extensive overhauling and 
 repair, and new boilers to be constructed and put in. 
 
 PERSONNEL OP THE ENGINEER CORPS. 
 
 The act of Congress approved March 3, 1871, making appropriations 
 for the year ending Juue 30, 1872, provided, in addition to a certain 
 number of chief engineers, one hundred first assistant engineers and 
 one hundred second assistant engineers. 
 
 The act of Congress approved Jane 22, 1874, for the better govern- 
 ment of the Navy, provided that thereafter the number of cadet engi- 
 neers appointed annually should not •exceed twenty-five. 
 
 To train these young men in the theoretical as well as practical part 
 of their profession, the government expended large sums of money in 
 establishing a suitable building, with lecture rooms, draughting rooms, 
 and shops abundantly supplied with tools, &c., with their conveniences, 
 and a corps of professors in engineering and its collateral scientific 
 branches, selected from the engineers of the Navy; so that the Naval 
 Academy at Annapolis became one of the best schools for instruction 
 in engineering extant.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 527 
 
 The candidates for admission were selected by competitive examina- 
 tion, and, as a rnlc young men who had made special pre])aration at 
 our colleges and schools of technologj', as well as other schools, were 
 admitted, and from these (after graduation) the vacancies in tbe various 
 grades of assistant engineers were to be filled. * 
 
 The value of this school as an institution of learning for naval engi- 
 neers will be understood from the fact that annually there were from 
 two to five star men in the graduating classes, /. 6"., men whose high 
 class standing, t&c, entitled tliem to that distinction; and subsequent 
 experience on board sbii)s and as assistapt i)rofessors at the Academy 
 has shown them to be fully capable of performing all the responsible 
 duties assigned them in a most satisfactory manner, and fully illustrates 
 the wisdom of the course at the Naval Academy in the past. 
 
 To bring these youtig men up to the standard referred to above te- 
 quired four years of constant and unremitting study and aj^plicatiou 
 at the Academy; in addition to this, the summer cruising allowed no 
 idle time; every hour had its work, which could noi be postponed with- 
 out loss, and finally, after graduation, a two yeais' cruise, and then an 
 examination for promotion to the grade of assistant engineer. 
 
 The same close application and hard study is exacted from the cadet 
 midshipmen, the only ditterence being in the course of study required 
 from each and the ])eriod of graduation from the Academy; that of the 
 cadet engineers being at the end of four years and two additional years 
 at sea, while that of cadet midshij)men is at the end of six years. 
 
 Bearing upon the point 1 have in view, I beg to quote from the re- 
 ports of the Boards of Naval Visitors to tbe Academy as follows: 
 
 In 1877 the Board of Visitors reported as follows: 
 
 Owing to the great advance in and growing importance of the science of steam 
 engineering and naval architectnrc, the- hoard arc of the opinion that an advanced 
 courao of inHtruction, botli theoretical and practical, is desirable for cad^t engineers. 
 
 After a most carcfnl investigation into tbe present aduiirablo conrso on these sub- 
 jects, instituted by the Superintendent, avc are forced to the conclusion that it would 
 be inipos8iI)le to add any more to the same without detriment to the other branches 
 necessarily required in the time given for instruction at the Academy. » ♦ » 
 
 We would also recommend that a post-graduate course should bo given to the mid-' 
 shipraon and cadet engineers, not specified above, which should be cue that the 
 duties and distractions incident to a life on board ship shall not i)roveut the cadet 
 complying fully with all of its requirements. 
 
 It will be observed, from what has been stated as to the time required 
 to prei)are the cadets at the Academy for future usefulness in the Navy, 
 that eveiy hour liad to be utilized, and, with all their advantages and 
 labor, not a year i)asses without some of the students bring put back 
 or requiring a second examination before getting tlieir <lipl()mas. 
 
 The Board of Visitors just quoted were im])ressed with the fact that 
 the period for work at the Academy was too short, in view c»f what had 
 to be accomplished; and yet, by a recent regulation oi" the authorities 
 at the Academy, the young men are expectetl to actpiire all the knowl- 
 edge necessary to cojistitute them thorough deck as well as etigineer 
 oificers in the time usually allotted to each of the two branches sepa- 
 rately, V. e., four years; and already, if I am correctly informed, some 
 of the first-class cadet engiiuM'rs, who in the ordinary course graduate 
 next June as engineers, are stationed Ibr seamanship exercises! 
 
 I respectfully submit that it is almost impossible to conceive of a 
 course better calculated to destroy the usefulness of the Academy than 
 the one proposed; certainly, none better calculated to supjdy the Navy 
 with young men imperfectly trained for the i)rospective responsibilities 
 of officers in the Engineers Corps of the Navy.
 
 528 , PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The act of C'(nij?r«'ss :ii)i)roved Auf,nist 5, LS.S2, simply changes the 
 manner of ajtpoiiitinji' cadt't ciigineer.s and the title of both cadet engi- 
 neers and midshipiiien, but in my opinion does not warrant the idea 
 that tlie course of study shall be changed or that impossibilities shall 
 be attempted. 
 
 I therefore recommend that the cadets be allowed, upon euteriug the 
 Academy, to elect which branch of the service they prefer, i. e., deck or 
 engineer otlicers, and to pursue thoroughly that course, of studies best 
 calculated to prei)are them for the performance of the duties for which 
 their abilities and inclinations fit them. 
 
 This restxiction need not, hbwever, interfere with the suggestion for 
 a post-graduate course, which would have the advantage of enabling 
 a man to bring his general knowledge up to date, or of investigating 
 some specialty in his own time of awaiting orders, and without deti'i- 
 ment to the interests of the service. 
 
 In this connection I beg most respectfully to call attention to some of 
 the provisions of the act making appropriations for the naval service 
 approved August 5, 1882, and to place upon record my earnest objec- 
 tions thereto, particularly with reference to so much of the act as makes 
 the sweeping reduction of 50 per cent, of the working force of the Engi- 
 neer Corps. 
 
 Of the one hundred and sixty-three passed and assistant engineers 
 on the list January 1, 1882, ninety- six were at sea. 
 
 This number, iu my judgment, is not too many to insure the safety and 
 maintain the efficiency of the steam machinery of the Navy now afloat. 
 
 The act allows only sixty passed and forty assistant engineers. 
 
 With this reduced number, and with the same number of United 
 States naval steamers iu commission as at present, there would be an 
 average of a little less than three watch engineers to each ship iu com- 
 mission ; but as reliefs have to be provided for those at sea, and an allow- 
 ance made for sickness, &c., the department could not assign more than 
 one passed or one assistant engineer to each ship at sea. 
 
 There is not, to my knowledge, a single ocean steamer in the merchau 
 marine to-day that is allowed only one assistant engineer, and when 
 this reduction is fully made as contemplated by said act, its result can 
 only be a great want of efficiency, the imperilment of lives and public 
 property, and a very largely increased expenditure for repairs to boilers 
 and machinery. 
 
 Some provision must be made for the care and management of the 
 steam machinery of the Navy, as it is physically impossible to keep 
 officers of the Engineer Corps at sea continuously, and equally impossible 
 for one assistant to perform all the duties required of an engineer in the 
 engineer department of a war steamer. 
 
 The only recourse must necessarily be the employment of mechanics 
 or machinists, so called. Such a system, after a trial of eleven years in 
 our Navy, had to be abandoned for the reason that competent respected 
 mechanics could not be found, and with such as were obtained tlic 
 record shows that the repairs required to machinery were numerous 
 and extensive, often involving the expenditure of large sums of money. 
 Every inducement was held out to secure and retain good men : their 
 pay was increased from $55 a month to 861.50, then to $76.50, the lat- 
 ter but little less than the pay of the educated cadet engineer ; but all to 
 no purpose, for none, with a few rare exceptions, except the idle or the 
 intemperate, would enlist, and in the case of the exceptions noted many 
 availed themselves of the first opportuhity and obtained their discharge.
 
 REPORT OF TJfE .SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 529 
 
 It must also be borne in mind in considering* the machinist system 
 that the United States has no large merchant steam marine like Great 
 Britain from which to draw a supply of machinists thoroughly trained 
 in the duties of the engine-room. It has been asserted that the engin- 
 eer department of the iJritish navy is managed upon this principle. 
 This is not strictly true; but granting it for the present, it must be re- 
 membered that the social system prevailing in Great Britain is vastly 
 diflerent from that in the United States. In the former country the 
 laborer, the mechanic, the artist, and the merchant are educated from 
 childhood in the belief that those in official i)ositious in the army and 
 navy and nobility are of gentle blood, a higher race of beings than 
 themselves, occupying a plane whose level they never can attain. 2S'ot 
 so in the United States. Here every boy is taught that he is a possible 
 -'President,'' and the intelligent, educated American mechanic is not 
 less amljitious than his fellow-men in other walks of life in his efforts to 
 elevate himself and family in rank or standing among them. 
 
 Whenever Congress says to the laboring and mechanical classes of 
 this countiy that, whatever jour merits may be, you cannot, shall not, 
 rise above the social scale in which you were born, and this declaration, 
 is acquiesced in by the jjublic, then, and not till then, will the Navy bo 
 able to obtain such a class of skilled mechanics by enlistment as is 
 easily to be had in England and other monarchial countries. 
 
 As stated above, the machinist's system does not prevail in the Brit- 
 ish service to the extent that this act will render necessary in our naval 
 service, as will be seen from the fact that in June, 1881, there were one 
 hundred and nineteen steamers in the English navy in commission, and 
 seven hundred and thirty-six engineers on the list, which gives a little 
 more than six engineers to each shii) in active service, or about double 
 the number that said act will allow to each ship in active service in our 
 Navy. 
 
 1 respectfully submit that, while it is contemplated to complete onp 
 or more of the monitor vcvssels, requiring from five to seven engineers to 
 each, as well as to build new steamers, any reduction in the number of 
 engineer officers will be detrimental to the best interests of the govern- 
 ment. 
 
 I therefore respectfully recommend that Congress may ^>e asked to so 
 far modify tlie act api)roved August 5, 1882, in relation to the number 
 of assistant engineers on the active list, as to allow the number provided 
 for under act ai)provcd ^larch 3, 1871, that is, one hundred passed as- 
 sistant engineers and one hundred assistant engineers, with the relative 
 rank for each as now fixed by law. 
 
 ESTIMATE OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
 
 1 have the honor to submit herewith the annual estimates of this Bu- 
 reau for the fiscal year ending June 30, 188^. 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 w. n. SHOCK, 
 
 Chief of Bureau . 
 Hon. William E. Chandlier, 
 
 Hecrciarij of the Xai'j/. 
 
 • •»••♦# 
 
 34 Ab
 
 530 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 EEPOKT OF CHIEF OF THE BURlilAU OF (JONSTRUCTION 
 
 AND REPAIR. 
 
 Navy J^bpartment, 
 Bureau of Construction and Repair, 
 
 November U, 1882. 
 
 Sir: In compliance with your iiistnictioiis of the 28th ultimo, I have 
 the honor to state that for the purposes of this Bureau there will be re- 
 quired for the liscal year ending June 30, 1884, the sum of $6,382,807.75, 
 as shown in the accompanying papers marked A, B, C; also statements 
 of the work performed and amounts expended during the past fiscal 
 year. 
 
 The estimate of the expenses of this Bureau, as given in the state- 
 ment marked A, is in accordance with existing laws. ' 
 
 The estimate of the pay of clerks and writers at the different navy- 
 yards, in the tabular statement marked C, is for the service of persons 
 who cannot be dispensed with. The present appropriation for the em- 
 ployment of this class of clerks is inadequate for the proper execution 
 of duties necessary to keep correct accounts of materials purchased and 
 expended and of the labor performed. Capable iiersons are required 
 for this class of work. 
 
 The estimate marked B is for the preservation of vessels on the stocks 
 and in ordinary, purchase of materials and stores of all kinds, labor 
 in navy-yards, &c., and for the general care and protection of the Na^'y. 
 
 The sum of $500,000 is required to complete the New York, at the 
 Brooklyn yard, and the Mohican, at the Mare Island yard. The New 
 York, now in position on the stocks in one of the ship-houses, has a live- 
 oak frame, and from the fact that she has been under cover and not 
 planked or ceiled, the air has circulated freely, and her frame, beams, 
 &c., are in a good condition of preservation to-day. A portion of her 
 keel, which is of white oak, will have to be renewed. Although this 
 vessel was designed and commenced in 18GJj, she is a very fine model, 
 and if finished will give us another good flag-ship, the want of which 
 is seriously felt. Her length on the mean load line is 315 feet; extreme 
 breadth of beam, 47 feet ; depth from lower edge of rabbet of keel to 
 lowest port-sill on gun-deck is 25 feet 11 inches. She is designed to 
 have a ship's rig, having 24,000 square feet of sail surface in her ten 
 l)rincipal sails. Her armament will be equal to sixteen 9-iuch guns on 
 her gun-deck, two 100-pounder rifles and one GO-pouuder rifle on her 
 spar-deck. Her displacement at a draught of 18 feet 9 inches forward 
 and 21 feet 5 inches aft would be equal to 4,527 tons, and her lowest 
 port-sill would be 8 feet above water. 
 
 The Bureau has nearly completed the plans for finishing her, and is 
 ready to i)roceed with the work at any time. She is intended to have 
 full steam-power and a speed of 14 knots. 
 
 In completing this vessel it is proposed that all the planking, ceiling, 
 decks, and, in fact, all wood materials excepting joiners' work, shall be 
 such as have first been iireserved by the Thilmany process for impreg- 
 nating ship-timber, by which the lifetime of the vessel will be very 
 much prolonged. From experiments that have been made, there is no 
 doubt that this process prevents the decay of timber by dry rot, and 
 the worm will not cut wood treated in this way. All ship-timber, knees, 
 &c., required for repairing extensively our wooden vessels should be 
 put through this process, and it is recommended that all wood materials 
 'suitable for it, now on hand at the different navy-yards on the Atlantic 
 coast beshii)ped to the Boston yard and returned after having been im- 
 pregnated.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 531 
 
 The work on the Moliican, now on the stocks in the Mare Island yard, 
 should be pushed to completion this year, as th(; vessel has already suf- 
 fered somewhat from beiu^ out in the open air exposed to th«i weather. 
 Her frame is of live oak, and if she is completed will give us another 
 vessel of the Clarion and Swatara class, a very successful and satis- 
 factory class of vessels. She is 210 feet between perpendiculars, 38 feet 
 breadth of beam, ship-rigged, having a sail surCace of 14,lo0 square 
 feet in her ten principal sails. Like the other \'essels, she can carry an 
 armament of one 8-inch, six 9-inch, one (JO-pounder, or its equivalent in 
 weight of more modern guns. Her draught of water, when ready for 
 sea, is intended to be 14 feet G inches forward and 17 feet inches aft, 
 and at this draught her displacement will be 1,800 tons. 
 
 The sum of $2,080,000 is asked for the purpose of buildiug two steel 
 cruisers, -as i)rovided for by the first session of the Forty-seventh Con- 
 gress. This estimate is only for work called ibr under tliis Bureau. 
 
 Two million dollars will be required to complete the doublc-turreted 
 monitors Puritan, Terror, Monadnock, and Amphitrite. These vessels 
 were examined by competent boards of officers, in compliance with a 
 Joint resolution of the second session of the Forty-sixth Congress, and 
 the conclusions reached by the three boards were that it would l)e to 
 tlie interest of the government to complete these monitors, but upon 
 plans somewhat different from those originally contemplated. The 
 principal changes recommended by the majority of the members of 
 these three boards were the substitution of the compound or steel-faced 
 armor for the iron, and new long-range rifles for the smooth-bores. In 
 the case of the Puritan, 10-inch steel-faced or compound armor was 
 recommended, instead of 12-inch iron armor, as first designed. In my 
 opinion it is decidedly to the interest of the government to finish these 
 vessels. They are built of the best American iron, with double bottoms, 
 and are intended to be finished with all modern appliances of iron-clads 
 of their class and type. The plans for finishing these vessels as per 
 reports of the boards referred to are now about completed, and ready 
 for use whenever authority is given to proceed with the work. AVhen 
 completed, they will be as effective vessels as any of their class owned 
 by foreign powers. A comparison of war vessels should be made by 
 comparing those of like types and classes, not with unlike. 
 
 Nothing has as yet bepn done relative to obtaining the materials for 
 the turrets and pilot-houses and armored stack of the monitor jMianto- 
 nomoh, as the Bureau of Ordnance has not yet fully decided upon the 
 character of the turrets, &c., and, until it does, nothing further can be 
 done by this Bureau. In the mean time, this Biu'eau has had built a 
 square timber crib around the base-ring of the forward and after tur- 
 rets, and around the base of the smokestack, and chain cables and 
 kentledge corresponding with the weight of the turrets; pilot-house, 
 guns, and armored stack have been weighed and put inside of those 
 cribs; the weight of the ammunition shot and shell has been put in 
 tlio magazines and shell-rooms, by using a corresponding weight of 
 empty shell; the coal bunkers have been filled with coal, and other 
 outfits, equipments, and stores of various kinds put aboard, so that tlu5 
 vessel will be in a few days at her sea-draught, as designed, and a trial 
 of speed can then be made, both in the river and at sea, with perfect 
 safety. 
 
 Believing that any person can form a much better idea of the value 
 of these vessels from an actual observation on board of one, 1 would 
 respectfully suggest that after the Miantonomoh has been dockiMl at 
 Norfolk, her bottom cleaned, an<l a trial had of her speed, she l)e brought 
 to Washington and anchored in the Potomac Kiver, in order to give.
 
 532 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 our Senators, liei»rc8entiitives, and others ii chance to visit and inspect 
 her, and thereby become better acquainted with the character and 
 merits of this class of vessels. 
 
 The tipprdpriation for this Bureau for tlie fiscal year eudiug June 30, 
 
 18S'2, was P, 500,000 00 
 
 hens juijouni, f-xpeiidccl in repairintj the U. S. S. LancaHtor and Brook- 
 lyn from March 1, IbSl, to June 30, 1881, in accordance with the pro- 
 viHions of the act :ii)proved Fobrnary 23, 1881 130,93»j 00 
 
 Total... 1,^}69,064 00 
 
 Expended from July 1. 1881. to June 30, 1882: 
 
 For labor at the navy-yards §1 , 068, 099 43 
 
 For materials, &c 279,130 9«; 
 
 1^ ;>47^ aaO 39 
 
 Balance ou hand July 1, 1882 21,233 61 
 
 Additional appropriation, act of August 5, 1882 75, 000 00 
 
 96,233 (il 
 
 Vessels rexmlrcd at the different navy-yards during the fiscal year 1881-82. 
 
 Adams. Iroquois. Now Hampshire. Saratoga. 
 
 Alarm. Jamestown. Omaha. Saint Louis. 
 
 Alliance. .Jean Sands. Ossipee. Snowdrop. 
 
 Brooklyn. .Juniata. Passaic. Speedwell. 
 
 Despatch. Kearsarge. Pensacola. Standish. 
 
 Emerald. Lackawanna. Pinta. Tallapoosa. 
 
 Ente.rprise. Lancaster. Portsmouth. Tennessee. 
 
 Essex. Mayflower. Powhatan. Trenton. 
 
 Franklin. Miantonomoh. Quinnebaug. Tuscarora. 
 
 Hartford. Mohican. Kanger. Wyandotte. 
 
 Vessels tvhich had^only minor repairs done to the)n. 
 
 Alaska. Constitution. Leyden. Pilgrim, 
 
 ^jax. Dictator. Manhattan. Plymouth. 
 
 Benicia. Fortune. Monaduock. Shenandoah. 
 
 Burlington. Frolic. Minnesota. Supply. 
 
 Camanohe. Glance. Montauk. Triana. 
 
 Catalpa. Guard. Monterey. Vandalia. 
 
 Catskill. Intrepid, Nahant. Wabash. 
 
 Cohasset. Jason. Nanragansett. Yantic. 
 
 Colorado. Lehigh. 
 
 ■ The following table shows the number, rate or classes, and condition 
 of vessels, as per l^avy Kegister: 
 
 No. 
 
 Kate or class. 
 
 1st rate . 
 
 Displacement. 
 
 Condition. 
 
 Hemarks. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 4,840 
 
 2drato 2,100 to3,9S0 
 
 3(1 rate j 000 to 1,900 
 
 4th rate 420 to 1,270 
 
 4th-rate monitors . 1, 875 to 2, 100 
 
 1st rate • 4, 650 to 5, 170 
 
 Serviceable i Tliis vessel, the Tennessee, will be of 
 
 service perh.'ips one year longer ; then 
 I she sliould be lUsposed of. 
 
 2d rat* 
 
 Sdrate monitors .. 
 4th-rate monitor .. 
 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th 
 i-ates 
 
 Tnaa 
 
 Saiung vessels 
 Ist rate 
 
 2,400 
 
 3, 815 to 4, 500 
 
 2,100 
 
 900 to 5, 440 
 
 ....do , 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ... do 
 
 Kequiring exten- 
 sfVo repairs. 
 
 do 
 
 ....do , 
 
 ...do 
 
 Unserviceable . . . 
 
 Tlie Xew York, on the stoclts at tlie 
 Brooklyn yard, recommended to In- 
 completed.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 533 
 
 Among the fourteen second-rates reported to be serviceable Ih tlie 
 Powhatan, a very okl side-wlieel steamer, which has been and can yet 
 be made very useful, but if kept in service many years longer must 
 have extensivfe rei)airs. 
 
 The repairs to the Trenton have been commenced at the ^ew York 
 yard. Eight months will be required to complete her ready for service. 
 
 The Pensacola needs, or will soon need, extensive repairs. 
 
 The Omaha is rebuilding at the Portsmouth (X. E.) yard, and when 
 hnished will have a complete live-oak frame, a ventilating apparatus, 
 and 12-inch round air ports of the Bureau's design. All of the material 
 for planking, ceiling, and decks will be of yellow x)Uio, impregnated, or 
 preserved under the Thilmany process. 
 
 The Ticonderoga is in ordinary at the New York yard, and if repaired 
 this ye.ir it can be done more economically than later, as wooden ves- 
 sels deteriorate much faster when out of commission and laid, up in 
 ordinary than when in commission and well cared for. 
 
 The Monongahela is in ordinary at the Mare Island yard, and will 
 require extensive repairs to i)ut her in order for sea service. 
 
 The Shenandoah has just been taken in hand for repairs at the Bos- 
 ton yard, and will be completed in about six months. 
 
 Of the twenty-two third-rates reported to be in a serviceable condi- 
 tion there is included the Ossipee, now undergoing extensive repairs at 
 the League Island yard. 
 
 The Swatara, now on her way home from China, and the Marion, on 
 her wiiy home from the South Atlantic station, wiU require extensive 
 repairs. 
 
 The Wachusett, just airived at the Mare Island j'aid, reciuires repairs. 
 
 The Wyoming, heretofore used as a store-ship at Port Eoyal, S. C, 
 has recently been turned over to the JSTaval Academy, to be used as a 
 practice ship, and can no longer be considered among the effective ves- 
 sels of the Navy. 
 
 The Tuscarora is in ordinary at the Mai-e Island yard, and it is very 
 doubtful if she is worth repairing. 
 
 The Alert, an iron vessel, is undergoing repairs at the Mare Island 
 yard, and can be made ready for service,"so far as this liureau is con- 
 cerned, by an expenditure of about .$15,000. 
 
 The Ranger, a sister ship of the Alert, has just been completed, and 
 is now ready for service. 
 
 The six fourth-rates said to be in a serviceable condition include the 
 Palos, an iron tug, built up on and sent to China. She is reported to 
 be in very bad condition. 
 
 The Alarm is out of commissioh, at the Norfolk yard, her propeller 
 and steering apparatus having given out. 
 
 The Intrepid is out of commission, at the New York yard. In the 
 opinion of the Bureau this vessel can, by taking oft" her side armor, 
 armored stack, and ])ilot-house, be converted into a light-draught gun- 
 boat for use on the Asiatic station. She can be luig-rigged, an«l ar- 
 ranged to carry two 8-inch converted rilles. The Bureau is now ])re- 
 paring jdaus for her conversion, and recommends that the alterations 
 called for be made at once. 
 
 Thirteen of the monitors, fourth-rates, considere<l serviceable are sta- 
 tioned as follows: 
 
 Ajax, at City Point, in ordinary. 
 
 Canonicus, at Norfolk, in ordinary. 
 
 (Jaman(;he, at Mare Lslaml, in ordinary. 
 
 Cutskill, at City Point, in ordinary.
 
 534 PAPERS ACCOMPANYINO THE 
 
 Jason, at League Island, in ordinary. 
 
 J;(*liij;li, lit City Point, in ordinary. 
 
 Maliopac, at City Point, in ordinary. 
 
 Manhattan, at City Poijit, in ordinary. 
 
 Montanlc, in commission. 
 
 Xaliant, in commission. 
 
 Passaic, in commission. 
 
 Xantucket, in commission. 
 
 \\'yandotte, in commission as receiving ship. 
 
 Tiie following twenty -two unserviceable vessels should be disposed of, 
 and their names stricken from the Navy Kegister: Niagara, Connecti- 
 cut, Pennsylvania, Java, Iowa, Antietam, Florida, Susquehanna, Con- 
 gress, Worcester, Canandaigua, Beuicia, Narragansett, Nyack, Saco, 
 Shawmut, Kansas, Frolic, Colossus, Massachusetts, Oregon, and Koa- 
 uoke. 
 
 They are utterly worthless for naval purposes, but have to be pro- 
 tected, from lire and thieves, and the expense to this Bureau for shii)- 
 keepers alone amounts to over $30,000 annually; and this expense is 
 increased when the labor of pumping, shoveling snow off, and other in- 
 cidentals are added. 
 
 Of the twenty-five tugs borne on the Navy Register the following 
 should be disposed of: 
 
 Burlington, an old iron ferry-boat, laid up at League Islandj of no 
 use to the government. 
 
 Kose, a wooden tug, at Pensacola, in a badly-decayed condition 5 not 
 worth repairing. 
 
 Seaweed is nothing more than a large pleasure launch, at Port Eoyal, 
 S. C. 
 
 Sorrel, a wooden tug at League Island, is so far decayed she had to 
 be hauled on the flats to keep her above water. 
 
 Blue Light, an old, useless wooden tug, laid up at New London, re- 
 quiring extensive repairs. 
 
 The following should be classed as ferry-boats, and so designated on 
 the Navy Register: 
 
 Emerald, running between Eattery yard and Portsmouth, N. H. 
 
 Nellie, running between Mare Island yard and Vallejo, Cal. 
 
 l*hlox, running between Naval Academy and Baltimore, Md. (under- 
 going repairs). 
 
 This would reduce the number of tugs on the Navy Register to sev- 
 enteen, ten of which are of iron, and nearly aU in good condition, so far 
 as known. 
 
 Of the twenty-three sailing vessels, thirteen should be disposed of, 
 and the following named retained for receiving, training, and practice 
 ships until the condition of their hulls renders extensive repairs neces- 
 sary, when they also should be disposed of: New Hampshire, Vermont, 
 Constellation, Constitution, Portsmouth, Jamestown, Saratoga, St. 
 Louis, St. Mary's, and Dale. 
 
 This Bureau has expended during the past three years on vessels 
 comprising the training squadron the sum of $193,668. 
 
 Among the vessels borne on the Navy Register as requiring extensive 
 repairs are the Franklin, Colorado, Wabash, and JMinuesota, which 
 should be classed as unserviceable for any pur])ose excei>t as receiving 
 ships; even for this service they are expensive. The Puritan, Terror, 
 Monadnock, and Amphitrite should be borne on the Register as ''new 
 vessels in course of constiuction." The Miantonomoh is comple jd, 
 except her turrets, pilot-house, and armored smoke-stack. The Dicta-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 535 
 
 tor is uudoubtedly unlit lor any use, and it would be a waste of IVinds 
 to undertake to repair her. She has a sinjiie bottom and wooden deck- 
 beams; her phmking is covered with iron, having thin, himfnated tar- 
 rets and side-armor. 
 
 The Saugus requires exten.sive repairs, but shouhl be carefully sur- 
 veyed before having anything done to her. 
 
 The plan pro])osed by Mr. Harris, of the House Naval Committee of 
 the Forty-fifth Congress, for disposing of the old vessels of the Navy, 
 is, in uiy oi)inion, the best yet suggested. His idea was that no vessel 
 should be rei)aired which would cost over 40 per cent, of her original 
 cost, or the cost of a new sliii) of like materials at the present time, 
 unless recommended by a board of officers; the money accruing Irom 
 the sales of condemned vessels afloat to be used, so far as may be neces- 
 sary, in the destruction of vessels now on the stocks. 
 
 There are a good many vessels on the stocks that have remained in 
 an uncompleted condition since the late war, and some longer. They 
 are now so lar decayed that they must be tlestroyed where they are, 
 and it would be much better to liave this done by navy-yard employiis 
 than by coutra<"t with outside jiarties, who would not be subject to 
 navy-yard regulations and would claim the free use of the tools and ap- 
 pliances of the yard. If private parties find it i)rofitable to come into 
 our nav}' -yards to break up these vessels, it will ])ay tlie government 
 equally well to have the work done by its own emidoyes. 
 
 With regard to the double-turreted monitors, Massachusetts, at the 
 Portsmouth, N. H., yard; the Oregon, at the Boston yard, and the Co- 
 lossus, at the New York yard, the iron-truss frames in these vessels 
 cost $157,000 each, and, being keyed together, they could all be readily 
 and economically removed, shipped to the Washington yard, and worked 
 over into such sizes as may be required for use in new vessels, and the 
 copper materials put into sheets and bolts for future use. 
 
 None of the old iron materials, such as turret plates, gear, &:c., should 
 be disposed ol^ as they can all be reworked ijito such sizes and shapes 
 as will be required in future. 
 
 In connection Avith this matter, 1 would respectfully call your atten- 
 tion to the necessity of providing our ])rincipal navy -yards with such 
 tools as they may need in addition to those now on hand, for the i)ur- 
 pose of building and re])airing steel and iron shii)S. While the iron 
 shipbuilding firms of this country are undoubtedly ])repared for, and 
 could, in the event of war, build very many ships, the ex])eiience dur- 
 ing the late (;ivil war has sho\\n that the entire shipbuilding interests 
 of the country, together with all our northern navy yaids. were taxed 
 to their utmost capacity. If this was the case then, we would labor at 
 a great disadvantage in the event of a foreign war if we had to depend 
 entirely upon outside builders. The sum of $15(),000 exju'uded for such 
 tools would, in my opinion, be suflicient to put our yartls in good order 
 for this class of work. 
 
 I desire to especially invite your attention to the necessity for, as well 
 as the great advantage the government wouhl derive Irom, the building 
 of a suitable dry-dock at the League Island navy-yard. 
 
 In fitting the Constitution to carry goods to the Taris Exposition, it 
 was necessary to dock the ship, and outside i>arties had to be depended 
 upon ; though satisfactory arrangements were made in this case, great 
 delay and inconvenience might occur in an emergency, such as our ina- 
 bility to obtain the use of a dock belonging to private parties. 
 
 There are but few foreign governments possessing navy-yards tliat
 
 536 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 are not in better condition foi- docking tlieii- vessels at tliis time than 
 our own. 
 
 The turnin<;-f]:ate.s and caisson of the dry-dock at the Boston yard are 
 in an unsafe condition, and witli a few thousand dollars expended upon 
 them could be made good for some time to come. The docking of the 
 Powhatan is now delayed in consequence of repairs of a temporaly 
 character being made ui)on them in order that the ship may be docked. 
 These turning gates should be put in order without further delay, as it 
 is risky to dock a vessel for extensive repairs without it. 
 
 ]Sro\v that the four sections of the floating dock are at the Pensacola 
 yard, and the new caisson has been built, I would resi)ectfully urge upon 
 the department the necessity for putting these sections in order for use, 
 and that two more be built, so that the docks may be used to good advan- 
 tage in docking a vessel at that place. The sections are now of no use. 
 and when put together will only take out a moderate-sized vessel. 1 
 would also urge the speedy completion of the stone dry-dock at the 
 Mare Island yard. 
 
 I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedieut servant, 
 
 Hon. Wm. E. Chandler, 
 
 Secretary of the Navy. 
 
 T. I>. WILSON, 
 Chief of Bureau. 
 
 MEMOEANDUM OF THE NAVAL ADVISORY BOARD. 
 
 Naval Advisory Board, 
 
 Washington^ November 21, 1882. 
 Sir : The Naval Advisory Board recommends to the honorable the 
 Secretary of the Navy that there be constructed, in addition to the two 
 cruisers already authorized to be built, two of the ten second-rate, sin- 
 gle-decked, steel, unarmored cruisers recommended by the late Naval 
 Advisory Board, the displacement being limited, however, to about 
 2,500 tons each, with a speed of not less than 13 knots, and at a cost 
 each — 
 
 To construction §425,000 
 
 To engines 235,000 
 
 To ordnance 164,820 
 
 To equipment 50,000 
 
 Total 924,825 
 
 The battery to consist of eight 6-inch breech-loading rifled guns and 
 six revolving guns. 
 
 We might also reex)mmend for construction one ram, of the five steel 
 rams suggested by the late Naval Advisory Board, the displacement to 
 be about 2,000 tons with a sea speed of 13 knots, at a cost each — 
 
 To construction |n350, 000 
 
 To engines (twin-screw) 300,000 
 
 To equipment. 20,000 
 
 To tori>edo outfit (if fitted) 51,000 
 
 Total 721,000 
 
 The Board is, however, of the opinion that the construction of a ram 
 is not itidispeusably necessary, except under prospect of war. The
 
 KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 537 
 
 raiu is of no use in time of peace, and can be built within ninety days, 
 or readily improvised from another vessel in emergency. 
 
 The Board advises that a ram should be designed, to provide against 
 contingency above referred to. 
 
 Also one dispatch boat, of about 1,500 tons displacement, to be built 
 of iron, with double bottom, with speed of not less than 15 knots, at a 
 cost — 
 
 To constniction >5230, 00(1 
 
 To engines 175,000 
 
 To ordnance :?0, OOli 
 
 To f q <i i p n 1 (Ml t "Jo , 000 
 
 Total 460,00<t 
 
 To be armed with one 0-inch Ijreech-loading rifled and four Hotch- 
 kiss guns. 
 
 The Board, however, suggests that in place of calling this vessel a 
 "dispatch boat" she shoifld be designated a "clipper.'' 
 
 The Board is of the ojiinion that the construction of a tori)edo and 
 gunboat, with a displacement of 450 tons and a sjieed ot 13 knots, as 
 recommended by the late Naval Advisory Board, is not practicable. 
 
 The Board would advise the purchase of one " cruising torpedo boat" 
 
 100 feet long, with a maximum speed of 21 knots, at a cost of $38,000, 
 
 and, in place of the torpedo gunboat, the "dispatch boat" or "clipper" 
 
 be duplicated, as this is considered a most useful type in war or peace. 
 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 II. W. SHUFELDT, 
 Commodore, United States Navy, President of the Board. 
 Hon. W. E. Chandler, 
 
 Seci'etary of the Navy. 
 
 KEPORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUIIEAU OF PEOVISIONS 
 
 AND CLOTHING. 
 
 Navy Department. 
 Bureau of Provisions and Clothing, 
 
 November S, 1S82. 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit a rei)ort of the transactions of this 
 Bureau for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882: 
 
 Tho appropriation for provisions was ^1,200,000 00 
 
 Amount oxpendi-d (ls;."'l-'es2), as per accounts rendered up to November 
 
 1,1882 1,057,000 -10 
 
 Balance 142,«.>y3 00 
 
 Tlie .appropriation for contingent was r>0,000 00 
 
 Amount expended (1881-'ri2), as per account« rendered up to November 
 1,1882 :i.'.. 153 75 
 
 Balance 24,840 25 
 
 The aiiKuint of clotliing fund Jnly 1, 18-1, was :{17,'.I15 00 
 
 Amount expended {\':s]-'6'2), ]ter reUirns 1G5, 31^ 4r. 
 
 Balance 152,5ii7 11 
 
 Amount received for clotbiug issued 2:J.'>, O'jy 5:; 
 
 Amount of fund June 30, 1882 387,0% 07
 
 538 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Tho amount of Mio sniall-storcs fundJuly 1,1881, was 1101,423 14 
 
 Amount expended (]88l-'82), per returns 80,845 45 
 
 Balance '20,577 69 
 
 Amonnt received for small stores issued 79, 108 23 
 
 Amount of fundJune 30,1882 99,685 1<2 
 
 Of the amount expended for provisions, there was paid for commuted 
 
 rations 519,439 64 
 
 For jmrcliase of provisions from crews 59, 762 58 
 
 Total -■ 579,202 22 
 
 I Uerewitli inclose estimates marted A, B, C, D, and E, for tbe fiscal 
 year ending June 30, 1884, together with schedules numbered from 1 to 
 G, inclusive, and statement No. 7, pertaining to the operations of this 
 Bureau during the year ending June 30, 1882. 
 
 I have the honor to be, very respectfullv, your obedient servant, 
 
 J. A. SMITH, 
 Paymaster- General, U. S. Navy. 
 Hon. Wm. E. Chandler, 
 
 Secretary of the Navy, Washington. 
 # ♦'>* * » » • 
 
 REPOET OF THE COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPS. 
 
 Headquarters Marine Corp§, 
 Coioiandant's Office, 
 Washington, D. C, October 1, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit my annual report of the condition 
 of the United States Marine Corps for the period covered since Novem- 
 ber 1, 1881. 
 
 On October 1, 1882, there were 1,861 enlisted men in the Corps, 984 of 
 whom were on board ships in commission, and 877 doing duty at the 
 several shore stations. 
 
 During the past year there have been 690 enlistments, 132 re-enlist- 
 ments, 404 discharges, and 12 deaths, also 500 desertions. 
 
 I am of the opinion that the principal cause of desertion is the fact 
 that there are not enough men to do the duty required anywhere, and 
 that the constant guard duty, without cessation, becomes onerous and 
 leads to dissatisfaction. 
 
 No changes have occurred an)ong the officers on the "active list." 
 Two officers on the "retired list" have died, viz, Lieut. Col. Ward 
 Marston and First Lieut. Arthur L. AVatson. Of the " active list " two 
 captains are on "sick leave" for long periods, one "under suspension," 
 and two are employed " on special duty." One first lieutenant is " on 
 leave of absence," and is employed by the Chinese Government. De- 
 ducting these, and excluding the " field and staft'," leaves fifteen cap- 
 tains, fweuty-nine first lieutenants, and fourteen second lieutenants to 
 perform all the <luty required on board ships and at tlie various shore 
 stations. There are at present, exclusive of commanding officers, but 
 twenty-six officers for shore duty at ten ])0Sts of the .Marine Corps, a 
 number totally inadequate, even if they weio equally divided, but where 
 some posts (such as the larger ones) ne^d not less than four to fi^ve offi- 
 cerjs each, it can readily be seen that the smaller ones would have none.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 539 
 
 It is urgently recommended that Congress restore the sixteen second 
 lieutenants by which tlie Corps was reduced by a clause in the naval 
 ap])ropriation bill of 1876-'77. 
 
 The same bill reduced the appropriation for the support of the Corps 
 to fifteen hundred privates. Since then various etibrts have been made 
 by the ISTavy Department to increase the ai)propriation again to that for 
 two thousand inivates, which number is still provided for by the act 
 under which the Corps is organized. Constant complaint arises at all 
 the naval stations and on board ships in commission, that there are not 
 enough privates to do the duty required. Unless Congress will increase 
 the number there is no remedy for this, other than a decrease of shore 
 stations. 
 
 The inspections made quarterly by the adjutant and inspector of the 
 Cori)S, and my own annual inspection, show the troops to be in as good 
 a state of efliciency and discijdiue as is possible to effect with inade- 
 quate numbers everywhere. The reports of the " board of inspection" 
 of guards returning from sea are also satisfactory. 
 
 A detachment of the Marine Corps, serving in the vessels of the Euro- 
 pean station, was recently landed, under their oflicers, at Alexandiia, 
 Egypt, for the protection of American citizens and property, after the 
 bombardment of that city by the English fleet, aiul rendered very effi- 
 cient aid in the restoration of i^ublic order and the arrest of incendia- 
 rism and robbery. 
 
 The employment of the royal marines by the English in their recent 
 
 operations in Egypt is a most striking proof of the usefulness of this 
 
 arm of the service; and our own may always be relied on to render the 
 
 same efficient aid whenever called on, whether "by land or sea," they 
 
 ■ having taken an active part in all our own wars. 
 
 In consequence of an epidemic of yellow fever, it has been found nec- 
 essary to remove the detachment serving at the Peusacola, Fla., navy- 
 yard to Mount Vernon Barracks, Ala., where the men are encamped, 
 living in tents. If it is the intention of the department to continue 
 the post at the Pensacola navy-yard, quarters for officers and barracks 
 for the enlisted men are urgently needed, and an ap])ropriation for that 
 purpose should be asked for. I have already, in former reports, en- 
 larged upon this and the same necessity at tlie navy-j^ard, Iforfolk, Va., 
 where the men are very badly quartered, and the officers have no quar- 
 ters at all, but live at long distances from the men. 
 
 The annual estimates for the support of the Corps were forwarded to 
 the Navy Department on the 29th of September last. 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 C. G. McCAWLEY, 
 Colonel Commandant, United States Marine Corps. 
 
 Hon. Wm. E. (^handler, 
 
 Secretary of the Navy, Xary Departnicnl, 
 
 Waahinglun, D. C. 
 • ••••••
 
 540 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF TITE NAVAL 
 
 ACADEMY. 
 
 United States Naval Academy, 
 
 Annapolis, Md., Kovember 20, 1882. 
 
 Str : In obedience to the department's order of the 17th instant, I have 
 tlie lionor to make tlio following report of the operations of the Acad- 
 emy during the past year. 
 
 The prescribed courses of instraction for the classes of cadet-midship- 
 men and cadet-cngine«rs were pursued until the close of the academic 
 year in June last. 
 
 On the 8th of February last a committee of five members of the aca- 
 demic board was appointed to examine these courses and report such 
 modifications and improvements as it might deem necessary. Their re- 
 port was made May 8, adopted by the board May 18, and approved by 
 the department June 10, 1882, but before the approved changes could 
 be put into operation an act of Congress, approved August 5, 1882, abol- 
 ished the titles of cadet-midshipmen and cadet-engineers and made all 
 the undergraduates of the Academy naval cadets. This necessitated a 
 further change in the course of instruction, and all the cadets now i)ur- 
 sue that adopted for the cadet-midshipmen, with such alterations as were 
 necessary to suit their new status. 
 
 Much attention has been given during the year to practical instruc- 
 tion. In addition to such as could be given in the afternoons, the Dale, 
 Mayflower, Standish, and monitor Nantucket cruised in the bay every 
 Saturday morning that the weather permitted, from early in March 
 until June, all the stations on board of the vessels, both on deck and in 
 the engine and fire rooms, being filled by the cadets. Constant instruc- 
 tion has also been given in the management and in working the engines 
 of steam launches. A rigging-loft has been established, in which the 
 cadets are carefully instructed in marline-spike seamanship. 
 
 The usual summer practice cruise was made in the sailing shi[)S Con- 
 stellation and Dale and the steamers Mayflower and Standish by all 
 the cadets except the third class of cadet-engineers ; the cadet-midship- 
 men in the sailing vessels, and the cadet-engineers in the steamers. 
 
 The cadet-midshipmen of the first class were instructed in the duties 
 that are required of cadet-midshipmen in cruising vessels of war. and 
 those of the junior class in the duties of seamen. 
 
 The Constellation and Dale cruised at sea, visiting only the port of 
 New York, where the Constellation was detained four days beyond her 
 allotted time in consequence of necessary repairs to her rudder. 
 
 The steamers were used principally as quarters for the cadet-engineers 
 and to take them from one navy-yard to another. While under way, or 
 when not engaged in other duties, the cadet-engineers of the first class 
 were instructed in the duties required of cadet-engineers during their 
 two years' course in cruising steamers, and those of the second class in 
 the duties of firemen. 
 
 The cadet-engineers of the Mayflower were given daily instruction in 
 mechanical work pertaining to the construction of marine engines and 
 boilers in the shops of the Norfolk navy-yard for one month and in those 
 of the Boston navy* yard for one month. The same instruction and for 
 the same length of time was given to the cadet-engineers of the Stannish 
 in the shops of the Washington and* New York navy-yaixis. 
 
 The cadet engineers of the third class remained at the Academy, and 
 wtere daily imstructed iii mechanical work in its shop.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 541 
 
 Copies of the reports of the eommamiirifc otficers of the pra<iti(?e ves- 
 sels were forwarded to the department with my letter of September 25. 
 
 All of the cadets were granted leave of absence during the month of 
 September. 
 
 Changes have beeu made in the mode of disciplining the cadets, with 
 satisfactory results. Conduct grades have been establisheti, with privi- 
 leges and requirements attached to each grade, by which cadets who 
 are studious and who evince a desire to comply with the regulations 
 are aUowed privileges that are denied to others. 
 
 Soon after the opening of the present academic year it was discovered 
 that the fourth olass was being '' hazed "^ by members of the second and 
 third classes. A court-martial was immediately convened in accordance 
 with the requirements of the act of June 23, 1874, before which three 
 cadets were tried, found auilty, and dismissed. 
 
 During the summer the quarters of the cadets were repaired and iin 
 proved. 
 
 Many of the buildings used as ofiticers' quarters have been rei)aired 
 and partially refurnished; the new bakery, and armory buildingexcept 
 its internal arrangements, have beeu finished. The house occupied by 
 the Superintendent as his quarters, having beeu surveyed by a board 
 of officers and experts and by an experienced architect and ])ronouncod 
 unsafe, is being rebuilt. The grounds have been improved by grading 
 and opening a much-needed roadway. 
 
 The sewers and drains have been overhauled and improved. 
 
 After the examination held in June last, thirty-seven cadet-midshii»- 
 men and twenty-two cadet engineers, who had completed the four years' 
 course of instruction, were detached from the Academy. Forty-four 
 candidates for admission presented themselves in June, sixt> -seven in 
 September, and three in October. Of this number, sixty were admitted : 
 thirty-eight failed to pass the required examination ; lifteen were rejecte<l 
 physically, and one passed the required examination but failed to report 
 for duty. 
 
 It is of very great beuetit to the cadets of the fourth class to make the 
 summer practice cruise, and it is therefore respectlully recommended 
 that hereafter all candidates for admission shall be directed to report for 
 examination on or about the 15th day of May in each year, in order 
 that they may be properly provided with uniform and other necessary 
 clothing before the vessels leave Annai>olis. It is also recommendetl that 
 hereafter, when classes of cadets shall have completed their six years' 
 course, they shall be ordered to report to the Academy on or about the 
 1st day of May of each year, for their linal gratluating examination. 
 
 The object of this recommendation is that the examination of these 
 classes may not interfere with the examinations of the four classes at th»> 
 Academy, or dela^- the dei)arture of the practice vessels. 
 
 It is further recommended tliat when the yearly nominations of can 
 didat^es to fill vacancies sliall be made, candidates shall also be nomi- 
 nated to fill the vacancies that will occur immediately after the tinal 
 graduating examination of the year. 
 
 Under the law of August 5, 1H82, these vacancies must occur as soon 
 as the examination shall be conchuled, as all who are not i)romoted into 
 the service must be discharged. It would be advisable that alternates 
 should be nominated at the same time with the lu-ineipals, .so that there 
 may be no delay in tilling vacancies should any of the candidates fail 
 to pass the requirwl examinations. 
 
 The law of August 5, 18.SL', requires that the vacancies whirli may 
 have occurredin the lower graders of the line. Engineer Corps, and ^la rine
 
 542 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THK 
 
 Corps of tho Navy, shall bo tillod by appointinents to bo niado from the 
 gradnatos of tho year, at tho oonclu.sion of thoir six yearn' (jnurse, in the 
 order of merit as deterinined by the academic board of the Naval 
 Academy; the assignments to the various corjis to be made by theSec- 
 reta.ry of the Navy upon the recommendation of the academit; board. 
 
 In this connection your attention is called to the great disparity iu 
 ])Osition and pay of the lowest grades in the three corps. Assistant 
 engineers and second lieutenants of marines are commissioned otiicers, 
 •while midshipmen are appointed officers. Assistant eiigineers receive 
 at sea, $1,700 per annum; second lieutenants of marines, ."^1,400 per 
 annum, and midshipmen, $1,000 per annum. It will hardly seem com- 
 plimentary to the number one of a class who should evince special abil- 
 ity as a line officer, to give him a simple appointment with a salary of 
 $1,000 per annum, while others who pass below him are given commis- 
 sions and salaries of $1,400 and $1,700 per annum. 
 
 The duties required of the lowest grade of line officers are fully as 
 important and arduous as those required of the lowest grade of marine 
 and engineer oflicers, and frequently involve much more responsibility. 
 It would seem but just that the naval cadets assigned to the line, after 
 the completion of the six years' course, should be commissioned as en- 
 signs. Even this would not put them on an equal footing, as regards 
 pay, with those assigned to the Marine and Engineer Corps, the sea pay 
 of an ensign being $1,200 per annum. 
 
 I am, sir, very respectfully, vour obedient servant, 
 
 r. M. EAMSAY, 
 Captain, TJ. S. Navy, Superintendent. 
 
 Hon. Wm. E. Chandler, 
 
 /Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. G. 
 
 KEPORT OF THE BOAED OF VISITORS TO THE UNITED 
 STATES NAVAL ACADEMY, 1883. 
 
 United States Naval Academy, 
 
 Annapolis, Md., June 10, 1882. 
 Sir : The Board of Visitors appointed to attend the annual exaiiiina- 
 tions at the United States Naval Academy have the honor to submit 
 the following report of their proceedings. 
 The Board met on Thursday, June 1, and organized as follows: 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Commodore Samuel R. Franklin, president; Senator H. L, Dawes, of 
 Massachusetts, vice-president. 
 
 standing committees. 
 
 Seamanship, gunnery, and navigation. — Senator H. L. Dawes ; Capt. P. 
 C. Johnson, U. S. N. ; JMr. Charles Watrous. 
 
 Steam, mathemtilicn, ^>/<//.s'?('s, and mechanics. — General E. D. Town- 
 send, U. S. A.; General Aaron F. Stevens; Mr. N. M. Hubbard. 
 
 English .ffudies, modern languages, and drawing. — Senator Charles W. 
 Jcmes, of Florida; Hon, William A. Courtenay; Hon. John R. Thomas, 
 House of Representatives.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 543 
 
 Grounds, bnildhigs, and sanitnrjf condition. — Hon. (Jliester B. Danall, 
 House of Kepreseutatives; Mr. Charles Watrous; General E. D. Town- 
 send, U. S. A. 
 
 Finance and library. — Hon. Henry L. Harris, House of Kepreseuta- 
 tives; Mr. ]S'. M. Hubbard; Hon. Chester B. Darrall, House of Kepre- 
 sentatives. 
 
 Administration and police. — Hon. John il. Thomas, House of Repre- 
 sentatives ; General Aaron F. Stevens ; Cai)t. P. C. Johnson, U. S. N. 
 
 The Board met daily, with a full attendanee of members, except when 
 the i)ublic service required the presence of the members of Congress in 
 Washington. 
 
 In presenting^ tlielr report they desire to express their high estimate 
 of the value of this institution to the country. 
 
 The academic standard of education and conduct is high, and the 
 most benticeut results must ensue from a preparatory course so thorough 
 and elevated. 
 
 Every facility was afforded in examining the branches of steam, 
 mathematics, physics, and mechanics, by the several officers connected 
 with these dei)artments. Copies of the written examinations were fur- 
 nished, the apparatus in use was exhibited, and examinations were con- 
 ducted in presence of members of the committee. So iar as they are 
 able to judge, the course of instruction is very thorough, and is ably 
 and faithfully conducted. 
 
 The ai)paratu8 in each branch, except that of steam, seems well 
 adapted t-o the i)urposes of instruction. The steam-engine and boilers, 
 which are set up in the steam room, are obsolete and, though better 
 than none at all, do not answer the purpose. They should be replaced 
 by a compound engine and boilers to match, of latest pattern, such as 
 are now in universal use. 
 
 It may well happen that an engineer just graduated at the I^aval 
 Academy may be assigned to a ship with an engine with whose construc- 
 tion and working he may be unfamiliar, so that the i)ractical instruc- 
 tion he has had at the Academy on this subject is. really of little avail. 
 
 Objection has sometimes been made to this Academy, that too high a 
 standard of scientific study is required, which practically excludes from 
 the Navy young men who would make excellent line officers. 
 
 The admirable system of optional or advanced studies, which has been 
 tded with success during the past five years, seems fully to answer this 
 objection. 
 
 The standard below which no cadet must fall is onlj* such as is nec- 
 essary to develop and exercise the intellectual i)Ow«ts and to make an 
 efficient naval officer. So long as the rapid and continued development 
 of science is a matter of prime interest in the walks of civil life, it is 
 essential that the naval i)rofession shall not be behind in scientific at- 
 tainments. But to each cadet, midshij)man, and engineer there is open 
 a course (if he chooses to take it) in the highest branches of certain sub- 
 jects studied by his class. He nnist constantly maintain in all branches 
 at least the requisite standard of excellence, and while doing this he 
 may receive special instruction in the branch of his choice, to any ex- 
 tent to which it is i)ossible to carry it. Thus by diligent ai)pli(;ation ho 
 may, two or three days in a week, master a double lesson in the or- 
 dinary course, and the time so saved may be devoted to his optional 
 course. 
 
 The examination each year in the optional courses is conducted 
 separately from that in the regular couise, and a fiactiou is added to
 
 644 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 the cadet's mark, which gives him a reward for his industry iu a some- 
 what higher class rank. 
 
 BUILDINGS, GROUNDS, AND SANITARY CONDITION. 
 
 All the buildings have been examined, and, without going* into par- 
 ticular details of each, they call attention especially to such as are in- 
 secure and unsuitable in location and design. 
 
 1. The SuperintendenVsi quarters. — This house was built about the 
 year 1720. A cellar has since been dug under it, and several doors 
 have been at various times cut through the walls, which has much 
 weakened them. One of the side walls is 7 inches out of plumb; the 
 chimney on that side is 10 inches out of plumb. The exterior walls are 
 badly cracked, and the cracks are rapidly opening; in one room the 
 floor has had to be pieced where it had separated from tlie wall. Owing 
 to the disintegration of the bricks and mortar (not originally of the best 
 quality and yielding to decay), it is impossible to bind the walls with 
 ties. It would not be surprising if this building should fall at any mo- 
 ment. 
 
 In any city where inspection of buildings is regulated by law, it 
 would be pronounced too dangerous for occupancy. 
 
 2. Officers^ quarters. — Some of the quarters for oflicers are good and 
 well located, particularly those known as " Blake Row." " Goldsborough 
 Row," on the same line, consists of two double houses temporarily 
 divided into flats, in each of which there are eight families. 
 
 There are twenty-five officers and professors who, from want of quar- 
 ters for their accommodation in the grounds, are obliged to hire houses 
 in the city, and they receive no allowance to indemnify them for this 
 extraordinary expense. • 
 
 3. Cadets' quarters. — Part of the cadets now occupy five buildings, 
 known as '• Stribling's Row," at the east side of the grounds. This is 
 the proper locality for the cadets' quarters, being near the shipping, 
 and remote from the dividing wall between the public grounds and the 
 city. In the same row is a house now occupied by officers. All these 
 buildings are unsafe. The outer walls are cracked and bulge out to 
 such a degree as to give evidence of settling. The rooms, moreover, are 
 small; about 196 cadets could be accommodated in all this row. But 
 these buildings are from 450 to 500 yards distant from the mess hall, 
 and from the quarters of the larger number of cadets. The maiu build- 
 ing, used as cadet quarters, is at the west end of the grounds near the 
 dividing wall. It has four stories and basement, and now accommo- 
 dates in the ninety-six rooms used as quarters about 192 cadets. There 
 are four rooms on each floor of very good size; all the rest are small, 
 even for their two occupants. The rooms of the lower floor at the end 
 and the attic rooms are used as recitation rooms. At the other end 
 of the building is the temporary mess hall, with space to seat about 
 350. The kitchens are in the basement under the mess hall. 
 
 Besides the inconvenience of thus separating the cadets in their quar- 
 ters from their several recitation rooms and mess hall, the odors arising 
 from the kitchen form another serious objection to this arrangement. 
 
 4. Recitation hall. — This is a three-story building, erected iu 1851, 
 adjoining the cadets' quarters at the east end of the grounds. The con- 
 dition of this building is even more dangerous than that of the Super- 
 intendent's quarters, because it is a much larger one. The walls have 
 settled in some ])laoes to such a degree as to tliKow window-sills nearly 
 one foot out of the horizontal line.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECKETARY OR THE NAVY. 545 
 
 There is danger that tbe whole structure niav tnmble down at any 
 raomeut, aiKl,should such a thing occiir while a recitation was in prog- 
 ress, loss of life and serious injuries would be certain. 
 
 EECOilMENDATIO'S. 
 
 1st. That new quarters be piovided for the Soperintendent, those now 
 in use being hazardous for occui)ation. 
 
 2d. That, looking to the future i)ermanent wants of the Academy, a 
 true economy would be best secured by procuring i>lans an<l projecting 
 one or more modern-style buildings on the [)reseut site of the recitation 
 hall and the row of quarters nanil)ered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and I) to the 
 east of it— said buildings to embrace quarters for 401) ciidets, recita- 
 tion halls, and other necessary apartments to meet the future wants of 
 the school. Such jjlans could be best perfect^^d through a series of 
 years; the material in the old buildings removed could l>e utilized as 
 far a« practicable in the new structures, with th final result of ha\ing 
 a very com])lete establislimcnt, and without c Uiug for large money 
 appropriations in any one year, and with the further advantage of hav- 
 ing these expenditures made without haste. 
 
 3d. That the bailing at the west end of the grounds be converted 
 into quarters for ofiiiers and instructors, so as to bring inside the 
 academy limits all ofiicials connected with the Academy. 
 
 4th. That a new me^s hall and kitchens be built contiguous to the 
 proposed permanent quarters. 
 
 The Board deem many of these improvements to be of pressing need, 
 and all really essential to the needs of this institution. 
 
 Of the grounds and the sanitary contlition of the whole institution, 
 the Board are pleased to be able to speak in the highest terms of com- 
 mendation. 
 
 It would certainly add much totheconvenienceofarraugement as to lo- 
 cality in the erection of new buildings if a small piece of ground could hv 
 added by purchase at the west einl, behind the main cadet;s, quarters. 
 
 Tbe Board recommend a further inquiry into this subject by the proper 
 authority. 
 
 The piece of ground referred to lies between the wall surrounding the 
 Academy and a strip of land belonging to the government on the same 
 side of the stream known as "Graveyard Creek."' There is a bridge 
 over the creek leading to the cemetery of the Academy, turning to the 
 east, and to a large general hospital to the west, but the route is cir- 
 cuitous. 
 
 If the intervening land belonged to the United States, a mnch shorter 
 direct route to the eemetery and hospital c^^uld be oi)ened, and a ])ublic 
 improvement secured, the advantages of which are very apparent. 
 
 The hospital referred to, though standing on grounds of the Academy, 
 belongs to tlie Navy Hospital Department. It is a large and costly 
 brick building, with accoiumodations for 100 patients. There are out- 
 buildings, with machinery for the manufacture ot giis, heating appa- 
 ratus, ttc. For want of about $2,000 repau's the whole establishment 
 .is rapiflly going to decay. 
 
 There seems to be no present use for such a ho3])ital, but property of 
 such extent and value should be preserved in good onler, against fu- 
 ture contingencies, a« at any time it may be found useful for the public 
 service. 
 
 ENGLISH STUDIES, HISTORY AND LAW. 
 
 The Board desire to express their satisfaction at the very thorough 
 course of instruction in English studies, history and law, embracing a 
 35 Ab
 
 546 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 three-fold objoct : (irsl, to train cadets in the art of expression ; secondly, 
 to give them a requisite knowledge of history, both of our own and of 
 otlier countries; and, thirdly, to instruct them in the constitution and 
 form of government of the United States, and in the leading- j)rincii)les 
 of maritime international law. 
 
 1st. In Englinh. — The main object is to teach cadets to exi)re88 them- 
 selves with readiness, simidicity, aiid force. The subject is taught in 
 three ways — by i)recept, by example, and by practice. For the lirst, a 
 short but thorough course in rhetoric is siitticient. 
 
 For the second, the students have critical and analytical readings 
 from English classical prose writers, Burke's works being chietiy those 
 used. A certain part of the course is also devoted to the study of 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 For jjractical instruction the cadets have exercises during the first 
 year ^ in the composition of notes, letters, and telegrams; second year, 
 offici«al dispatches ; third and fourth years, themes and essays upon pro- 
 fessional and other subjects. The cadets have also monthly written 
 examinations. All exercises in the English department are carefully 
 examined by the instructor, who indicates the errors without making 
 the corrections. They are then returned to the writers, by whom the 
 corrections are made, and the papers are then handed in again and ex- 
 amined anew. This process is continued until all the mistakes are fully 
 corrected. * 
 
 It is believed that there are few educational establishments in the 
 country where so complete a method is employed for teaching the stu- 
 dents to write their mother tongue, and the results attained have been 
 very satisfactory. 
 
 2d. In history. — A general course is given in European history, and 
 a full and thorough course in the history of the United States. 
 
 There are, besides, two special courses in history. 
 
 1. Naval history, which embraces lectures upon the development and 
 history of the navies of Europe and America, including a careful study 
 of the events of the great naval wars and of the lives of great naval 
 commanders, such as Nelson, Collingwood, Perry, Decatur, Mc^Donough, 
 Hull, &c. 
 
 2. Contemporary history^ which includes the study of the events of 
 the day, of the institutions of existing States, their constitutions, forms 
 of government, and the actual state of their relations with each other. 
 
 It is deemed absolutely necessary that cadets, immediately after grad- 
 uation, should have some familiarity with the existing state of foreign 
 relations, and it is to meet this want that the course in contemporary 
 history has been introduced. 
 
 3d. In law. — Cadets in the first place make a close analytical study 
 of the Constitution and administrative system of the United States. 
 
 Secondly. The first class of cadet midshii)men has a course in inter- 
 national law, which is confined and directed especially to those branches 
 of the subject which are closely connected with the naval profession, 
 such as prize law, blockade and contraband, the protection of citizens 
 abroad, the rights and privileges of ships of war in foreign ]»orts, &c. . 
 
 The peculiar feature of the course in international law at the Xaval 
 Academy is that, in addition to the theoretical method by which the 
 subject is usually taught, very full practical instruction is given by 
 questions framed ui^on a hypothetical set of circumstances, sometimes 
 fictitious, sometimes drawn from reported cases, but always circum- 
 stances that may arise and that are likely to arise in the experience of 
 p, naval officer.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 547 
 
 TJiiese questions are given to the cadet in the same form in which 
 they would come before the oflicers for decision, and the student is 
 called upon to decide what wouUl be his action in the ]»remises. The 
 result of such a method of instruction is, that the knowledge acquired 
 by the student becomes much more flexible and Itetter adapted to meet 
 the actual wauts for which this knowledge is required. 
 
 DUAWI>(>. 
 
 The Board note with satisfaction the instruction of the cadets in 
 linear i)ersp<'ctive and freehand drawing, from objects immediately 
 connected with the duties of naval oflicers, which is of immediate im- 
 portance, as it nuiterially assists cadets in the acquisition of knowledge 
 in the j)rofe8sional branches — seamanship and gunnery. 
 
 The course in topographical and chart drawing, to which free-hand 
 drawing is preliminary, is of practical importance in fitting naval ofli- 
 cers to record and rei)ort the results of reconnaissances and surveys 
 and to the various kimls of hydrographic wDrk re(|uired by the public 
 service. Officers are frequently called on to rei)ort on the a])jiroaches 
 to the coasts, bearings and entrances of harbors, tSrc, and it is often 
 re/]uired that sketches of headlands and of shores, as well as other 
 drawings, should accompany such rei)ort8. 
 
 The safety of ships may depend on the clearness and correctness of 
 these illustrated reports, and a good knowledge of drawing is indispen- 
 sable to insure clearness and accuracy. 
 
 The Board were impressed with the excellence of the line drawings, 
 of machinery, &C., executed by the cadet engineers. ]\Iechanical draw- 
 ing commences with instruction in stretching paper, testing drawing- 
 boanl, s<|nare and triangles, ami proceeds from the drawing of various 
 symnu'trical iigures, through the conventional practices of the art, to 
 the making of plans, elevations, and sections of machinery from orig- 
 inal designs. This is deemed to be an indispensable apjilication of the 
 art of drawing in this institution, esi)ecially as regards the depart- 
 ments of gunnery and naval construction, as well as steam engineering. 
 
 An exhibition was given of the practical instruction in making and 
 working machinery, beginning with the forming of models in wood, and 
 g6ing through the process of mending boilers, making screws, tools, 
 and all the ]>arts of a small steam-engine, and putting them together. 
 
 In all this manual work which is done by the cadet engineers they 
 displayed very creditable skill. They also put together the part« and 
 set in motion the large steam-engine, showing familiarity with the mode 
 of working it. 
 
 MODERN LANGUAGES. 
 
 Attention is given to the study of Spanish and French, by a fnll corps 
 of instructors. A change in text-books and other details now in prog- 
 ress, will, it is expected, produce favorable results. 
 
 SEAMANSHIP, GUNNERY, AND NAVIGATION. 
 
 The knowledge evinced by the cadets in seamanship, gunnery, and 
 navigation is very satisfactory. 
 
 It is recommended that the Academy be furnished with samples of 
 the latest designs of guns and carriages, that the cadets may become 
 familiar with tlieir construction and manipulation and be able to use 
 them and instruct others in their i)eculiarities. 
 
 It is highly desirable, also, that the latest models of war 8hi])8 be 
 furnished for liie instruction of the cadets in the details of ship-build-
 
 548 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 It wonld be a decided advantage to the Academy if it were farnfshed 
 with a steam war ship of moderate size, with the most improved type 
 of machinery and ai'mament, that the cadets may become familifir with 
 everything relating to their profession before leaving the institution. 
 
 In the department of ordnance and gunnery the cadet midshipmen 
 have been instructed in making working drawings of guns, &c., from a 
 specification containing all the dimensions. 
 
 The Board takes pleasure in noting with commendation the progress 
 that has been made in this course during the past year. 
 
 FINANCE AND LEBEARY. 
 
 The Board have examined the statement furnished by the Hon. Sec- 
 retary of the Navy of the appropriations for the Academy for some 
 years past, including the apportionment to the various purj^oses shown 
 therein. 
 
 The administration of the financial affairs of the Academy is approved. 
 
 The library is in good condition. We recoinmend that the usual 
 amount yearly devoted to the purchase of new books be continued for 
 that puri)ose. 
 
 Every effort should be made to keep the library supplied with the 
 latest and most approved scientific and professional works. 
 
 ADMINISTRATION, DISCIPLINE, AND POLICE. 
 
 The Board find the entire administration of the affairs of the Academy 
 all that could be desired. 
 
 The discipline, under the present efficient Superintendent, has been 
 much improved by his order No. 5, of January 12, 1882, establishing 
 "conduct grades." Under this order their privileges depend on their 
 grade. At first the cadets disliked the order, as very few were classed 
 in the first grade ; at this writing, the number has reached 92 out of 256 
 cadets, equal to 36 per cent. 
 
 There is sino^ a marked improvement in the assembling of cadets at 
 all formations ; very few are now tardy or late. In the general-conduct 
 report there is a great change. 
 
 At the semi-annual examinations in January last there were fifteen 
 deficients in conduct; at the present June examination but three defi- 
 cients. 
 
 A marked improvement is also visible in the class rei)orts, especially 
 in branches in which inattention was the real cause of deficiencies. 
 
 As it is necessary to be proficient in all studies and exercises to be in 
 the first grade, many have made up their deficiencies. 
 
 This system works on the cadets in various ways: those in the first 
 grade have liberty, by simply reporting to the proper officer, to leave 
 the grounds, as an officer would when leaving a shii). This is esteemed 
 a very high privilege, and some noted cases have passed from the third 
 and fourth grades to the first. 
 
 The reox)rds of the Academy are kept in such a manner that the past 
 as well as the present status of each cadet, from his entrance into the 
 Academy until his departure therefrom, can be seen at a glance; and 
 the standing of each cadet in his studies and conduct, as well as his 
 adapatability for the naval service, can be shown at once. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS AS TO EXAMINATION AND ADMISSION OF CADETS. 
 
 Previous to 1852, candidates for admission were appointed before 
 March in each year, and examined between the 20th and 31st May. 
 
 We suggest that this plan be renewed, and that those who pass be 
 sent on the annual practice cruise until the academic studies begin in
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 549 
 
 the fall. It is believed that this preliuiinary experience at sea would 
 give the oppoi-tunity to test the choice of profession made by applicants, 
 and that those who. ])erhaps,.had made a mistake in seeking a naval 
 life would resign before the government had incurred the expense of a 
 costly education to no purpose. 
 
 Commending the Naval Academy to your most favorable considera- 
 tion, and soliciting for it the friendly support of the Congress of the 
 United States, . 
 
 We subscribe ourselves, jour verv obedient servants, 
 
 S. It. FKANKLIN, Commodore, U. S. N. 
 
 IIEXRY L. DAWES, United States Senator. 
 
 CIIAS. W. J0NP:S, United States Senator. 
 
 JOHN R. THOMAS, House of Representatives. 
 
 C. B. DAKKALL, Flouse of Kepre^sentatires. 
 
 HENRY S. HARRIS, House of Bepresentatives. 
 
 B. D. TOWNSENI), Brigadier-General, U. S. A. 
 
 P. C. JOHNSON, Captain, U. S. N. 
 
 AARON F. STEVENS, New Hampshire. 
 
 WM. A. COURTENAY, South Carolina. 
 
 N. M. HUBBARD, loira. 
 
 CHARLES WATROUS, New York. 
 Hon. Wm. E. Chandler, 
 
 Secretary of the Navy. 
 
 EEPORT OF THE ADMIRAL. 
 
 Washington, D. C, Novemlei- 29, 1882. 
 
 Sir : I have the honor to make the following report : 
 
 My last annual report being tilled with matters which were of interest 
 to the Navy, as regards the building of sliips, &c., leaves me little to 
 say on this occasion. 
 
 At the last session of Congress no appropriation was made for finish- 
 ing the monitors on the Delaware and at Slare Island. These vessels, 
 although not tirst-class, will be when iiuished at least as good as they 
 were originally. 
 
 If finished under a new contract they could, by the introduction of 
 steel surfaces, be given gi-eater resisting i)ower. 
 
 ]\Ir. Lentliall, our late ablecliief constructor, recommended that these 
 monitors be launched and finished at a navy-yard, on such plans as 
 would make them serviceable. 
 
 In this recomniendation I concur, for we cannot atJbnl to throw these 
 vessels away. What work has been already done to them is well done, 
 and when comi)leted they will serve, in connection with forts, for the 
 defense of onr harbors. 
 
 I Our suuiller monitors as a rule are of not much value still in time of 
 war they could bo made available to a(;t in connection with fortifica- 
 tions, but they would be useless to contend with loreign vessels of 
 greater speed and improved ordnance. 
 
 I made an inspection of the North Atlantic squadron during the past 
 summer, and Ibuiul the vessels in good order inside, and looking neat 
 and trim alolt — in lact, good representatives of sliips of war. Cruising 
 together the past summer has been of great advantage to the S(iuadron 
 in many respects, and I recommend that the pr.utice be kei)t up. A 
 cruise of the S(piadron through the West Indies iluring the winter, in 
 ^niy opinion, would have a good elfect.
 
 650 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 I recomincnd tliat every ship fitted for sea hereafter be attached to 
 the Coast squadron for a few months. It Avould ei\able her to get in 
 good order before proceeding on a foreign cruise, and any defects that 
 might be discovered could be remedied at a navy-yard. 
 
 I beg leave to call your attention to the ships' boats of the Navy. I 
 had a fair o])portunity of comparing the boats of the North Atlantic 
 squadron with those of the French vessels-of-war Minerve and Hussar, 
 and iuust say the French boats are in every respect superior to ours. 
 
 Commodore Luce brought home in the Portsmouth a French boat 
 which he procured at Brest or Cherbourg. I beg leave to suggest that 
 the board of inspection and survey be directed to examine and report 
 upon this boat, comparing her with the diiierent classes of boats in our 
 Navy, and to make such suggestions and recommendations in this con- 
 nection as they may deem of interest to the service. 
 
 No report in regard to the apprentice system has been sent through 
 me. Commodore Luce, being engaged in other duty, has not had time 
 to prepare a report, and therefore I have nothing on which to base 
 special recommendations. 
 
 I will, however, recommend that the general orders relating to the 
 training system issued within the last year be carried out, and that no 
 boys be transferred to the general service until the commanding officer 
 of the Training squadron reports them as fit for such transfer. 
 
 I would also recommend that when the training vessels go abroad, 
 they be not allowed to transfer boys to other ships during the cruise, 
 and thereby break up the crews of the training ships, but that the boys 
 be all returned to the United States for inspection by the board of in- 
 spection and survey, and such of them as may be found qualified be 
 then transferred to the general seivice. 
 
 An exception to this rule might be made where boys who have been 
 passed might bo. sent abroad in a training vessel to be tramferred to 
 some ship of the Navy. 
 
 By pursuing a contrary course to the one I have indicated the train- 
 ing system will not be a success. 
 
 We have only a small number of boys, and it was never intended 
 that the Navy should depend on them to fill up the vacancies among 
 seamen. It would be as wise to send cadet midshipmen from the Naval 
 Academy to supply the place of lieutenants on board ship. 
 
 The training vessels have facilities for instructing api)rentices that 
 ships of war do not possess, including a corps of s])ecial instructors 
 and a system of daily instruction necessary for transforming raw boys 
 into intelligent seamen. 
 
 After a tvvo years' course of special instruction a boy, if he has any 
 aptitude for the service, can be transferred to the Na^y proper, and 
 should be sent to sea in vessels destined for foreign service. There are 
 certain requirements of law which cannot be complied with in less time 
 than two years. 
 
 The most that can be expected from our limited supply of boys, is the 
 introduction of a good set of petty officers into the Navy. This should 
 be kept in view all the time, and I earnestly recommend that the endeav- 
 ors of the commanding officer of the Training squadron should be en- 
 couraged by the department. 
 
 The 8,000 seamen allowed by Congress should be depended ui)on for 
 manning the Navy, and the bojs should not be taken from their school 
 of instruction to till vacancies. 
 
 There would be plenty of men to man our small ^Navy if reductions 
 were made in the crews of receiving ships, vessels laid up in ordinary, 
 and fewer men employed in duty outside the Navy.
 
 BEPORT OP THE SECEETABY Or THE NAVY. 561 
 
 For the first time since it was establislied Las the Training squadron 
 been conducted ou a general system. It struck nic as well conducted, 
 and I only regret that the. cruise was not carried out as originally in- 
 tended, viz, biing all the boys back to the United States, have the 
 shii)S inspected by me on the 10th of October in conjunction with the 
 inspection board, award the medals for good conduct and proficiency, 
 pernjit those of the boys who deserved it to go home and see their 
 friends, and then transfer those recommended by the commanding officer 
 of the Training squadron to the general service. 
 
 I beg leave to draw your attention to the torpedo-boat Alarm. Last 
 fall the vessel broke her steering gear and a new and stronger appar- 
 atus was made for her at the Washington navy yard. The Alarm was 
 sent to Noifolk, where she could be docked and tlie necessary examina- 
 tion and repairs made. It was found that a shaft connected with the 
 cog-wheels was broken, and several teeth of the cog-wheels were con- 
 siderably worn, notwithstanding which the vessel continued to run from 
 eleven to eleven and a half knots per hour under oixlinary steam pres- 
 sure, ]>roviug the superiority of the Mallorv propellor, which for small 
 vessels, ironclads for harbor <lefense, torpedo boats, &c„ is unequalled. 
 
 Since the Alarm was ])ut out of commission nothing has been done to 
 her. She is fitted with bronze metal valves and flajjs under water for 
 the torpedo bars, and these will soon be destroyed in salt water by gal- 
 vanic action. 
 
 In order to save these expensive fittings from destruction I recom- 
 mend that the Alarm be at once placed in fresh water, although I think 
 the best thing to be done would be to repair the machinery at once, 
 correcting the mechanical defects which have been discovered, and place 
 the vessel in commission. This is the oidy way to find out the value of 
 the invention. 
 
 I beg leave to draw your attention to a letter of mine on this subject, 
 written to the department in the early part of the fall. 
 
 The board of ins])ection have had great difficulty at times in inspect- 
 ing vessels coming from sea in the winter months, owing to extreme cold 
 weather. When everything is frozen there can be no exercises of yards, 
 sails, boats, &c., and in single-decked shii)s no exercises of guns. In 
 such case's vessels appear to great disadvantage, and officers and crews 
 cannot do themselves justice. 
 
 Tliere has always been a s])irit of emulation among comiiiandingotli- 
 cers to pass a creditable inspection on returning from a cruise, but the 
 best regulated ship could hardly do this in a northern jmrt in winter, 
 neither can the inspecting board do their duty fairly by the shi[>8. J 
 would therefore recomnniud that all ships returning to the United 
 States from a cruise between the 10th of October and the lOtli of April, 
 be directed to repair to Hampton Koads and there report to the depart- 
 ment. 
 
 The inspecting board would seldom find difficulty in giving every 
 vessel a thorough inspection at Uamptou Koads, which would be sat- 
 isfactory to all concerned. 
 
 TORPEDO STATION. 
 
 The school of torpedo i)ractico is good enough as far ns it goes, bui 
 the system shuiild bo extended to include instruction for seamen, gun- 
 ners, and ai)]nentico boys, for which purpose certain days in the week 
 should be set apart. A small steam vessel should bestatione<l at Now- 
 port as a gunnery shij), with the steam lauiu;lies necessary to carry on 
 the torpedo practice. The IMinnesota is too large for this j)urpose and 
 too expensive, therefore she should be laid ui».
 
 552 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 J send lierewitli an extract from a i)rivate letter received by mefiom 
 Commodore Luce when l)e was abroad last summer. It is instructive 
 as sbowiuj? what tb<^ Britisli naval autliorities, tbe most projL-ressive in 
 the world, are doiii^" to keej) their navy np to high-water mark. They 
 recognize, by their practical works, that in the superiority of their navy 
 lies the safety of the British Islands, and they leave nothing untried to 
 keep the service, and all connected with it, in the hij^^hest state of effi- 
 ciency: 
 
 While we are devoting ourselves to theories, which we never put in 
 practice, the English navy is constantly testing those theories, so that 
 in time of war they will not likely make any important mistakes. 
 
 In Commodore Luce's letter many things are mentioned which will 
 be instructive to the officers of our Navy, and interesting, no doubt, to 
 yourself. There is not a point mentioned in the letter that does not 
 ap])ly to our Navy. 
 
 The present unsatisfactory condition of our Navy, as regards tbe 
 stoppage of promotion for many years, would seem to suggest that some 
 reme<ly, such as is suggested by Commodore Luce, be applied, and that 
 those officers who do not attain the high standard of excellence required 
 in the British navy should give place to those better qualified. 
 
 Great Britain has everything at stake and relies solely on her navj- 
 to protect her from the combined invasion of all Europe. We have 
 as much or more at stake, for we have three thousand miles of coast at 
 this moment almost unprotected, and if we should be suddenly involved 
 in war we should need every officer in the Navy to thoroughly under- 
 stand everything connected with his profession. 
 
 The following is the extract from Commodore Luce's letter, which, 
 although of an unofficial character, I consider too valuable to let remain 
 in obscurity: 
 
 The New Hatnnsliire is now receiTing an average of abont one boy per week, and 
 has not enough to-day to fill up the Jamestown. She ought to have on board at least 
 450 boyH, instead of which there are but 130. It is obvion.s if some system of reciiiit- 
 ing be not devised the bottom of our training system must soon drop onb. 
 
 We know perfectly well from ))aat experit-iice that there is plenty ot the right kind 
 of material in the country to till up the New Hampshire if we will only take the 
 trouble to seek for it. V^^e know, too, that New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore 
 are the best places fir recruiting, and that liberal advertising is neces&iry to call at- 
 tention to the recruiting othces. 
 
 There seemed to be au idea that desertions and discharges of apprentice boya Was 
 something peculiar to our service, but that meaus of depletion is not unknown to the 
 Ehglish training service. 
 
 In 1857 the English navy lost from one cause, or another 1,094 boys, having en- 
 tered 3,911; in 18i)2, 976 boys, having entered ;{,oliJ; in 18ii7, (134 boys, having entered 
 3,2*20; in 187J, 5(i7 boys, having entered -,187; iu 1875, 551 boys, having entered 
 3,079. In the year ending December 31, 1881, there were 1,858 entries, the losses 
 amounting to 31i>. 
 
 The anunal yearly waste of Ijoys is estimated at 18 per cent. WTien we consider 
 the ease with which boys can liud employmeut in our country as compared with Eng- 
 land, it is not surprising that we lose so many. 
 
 In the matter of hygiene I cannot say much in favor of either English or French 
 training systems. They crowd too ii'any boys on l>oard their ships, large as they are, 
 .ind the ships are not sufficiently ventilated. By placing 800 boys on board of one ship 
 with hatches and ports closed during inclement weather, thegiowiig boy, requiring, ais 
 he does,'more air and space ihan the adult, must necessarily take into hih lungs 
 qnautiiies of vitiuted air every night. Tliis caunut fail to retard development into 
 vigorous manhood. It is for this reason that I was so anxious to have a thorough 
 system of ventilation apjdied to the New IIami)shire. For thfs reason, too, I asked 
 for a special a))pro])riaTiou. 
 
 I did uot re.alize till after visiting the English and French training ships how much 
 there was still to be done to the New Hampshire. By cutting very largo scjuare air 
 ports (more, indeed, like gun ports) on the orlop de(;k tlioy obtain nearly as much light 
 and air on that deck as on the gun deck, and every available space in the ship is util- 
 ized. In England especially they pay great attention to the comibrt of both boys
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 553 
 
 and men. Games and reading matter are liberally supplied. I confess to having 
 been surprisL-d to find an excellent lull-sized billiard-table attached to tbe ward-room 
 ol' the Duke of Wellington, flagship ot Admiral Ryder, commander-in-chief at Ports- 
 mouth. You may imagine then my astonishment to tind in the recreation room of the 
 chief petty otiicers of auother shiii, the Excellent, not only a billiard table, but 
 bagatelle tables, chess, chfckes, backgammon, «Scc. The mess-room of this class of 
 petty ofiBcers (on boanl the Excellent) was fitted up better than many ward-room 
 onesses I have seen in our Navy. In tlio forward part of the lower gun-deck was a 
 canteen, where the men oonld draw. nn<ler certain rules, their beer, tobacco, biscuits, 
 cheese, sardines, all sDrts of fancy got)dd and luxuries for the table, such as sailors of 
 the new school would be likely to uee<L Everything was of the best quality and at 
 the lowest prices. The beer I was assnred was better and cheaper than conld b« 
 jrurchased at. the average bar on bhore. In their meases the traditional tin pot and 
 tin pan has disappeard. 
 
 In training ships as well as in the cruisers every mess has its outfit of crodkery ; and 
 knives and forks are considered indispensable. Their berth deck messes have an air 
 of comfort that is totally unknown to our ships. 
 
 In short, the modem English man-of-war is made, as. far as practicable, a comfortable 
 home for the seamen, and cousequently the men are better contented to live on board 
 ship. Leave is granted very liberally*, too. Of the huudreds and hundreds of men- 
 of-war sailors I have seen on shore at Plymouth and Portsmouth, both in the daytime 
 and at night, very few were under the iutliience of liquor, while their neat and tidy 
 appcaraiue both on board ship an<l on shore is remarkable. There is no eaithly 
 reason why we should not attain an etjual degree of excellence. 
 
 I do not say the English trainiig service is perfect; on the contrary, their system is 
 faulty in several important i)articulars, but while v<& avoid their eixors we can cer- 
 tau'ly emulate all tht^good in the example set us. 
 
 It is quite true that " virtue is its own reward," and an approving con.science is all 
 the meed of pmise that one should a.sk in the performance of duty, but the soul of mil- 
 itary and naval life lies in every one doing much more than his duty, hence the ap- 
 proving conscience, however great an incentive in private life, fails utterly as a mo- 
 tive power with the military man who would .•ichie\e eminence. The naval adminis- 
 trations of both England and France, fully nuderstandiu<; this and not being in a posi- 
 tion to allow their respective navifs to fall to a de.id level of mediocrity, hold out 
 preferment as the necessary dynamic force. An admiral's llag in the Bvitish navy is a 
 prize well worth contending for. It brings with it honors and emohiiui-uts of a most 
 substantial character. The table money alone, to take a purely mercenary view, of 
 an English admiral commanding a foreign scjuafiron (.*7.917 ))er annum) exceeds the 
 sea-pay of a rear-admiral of onr service (Sti.Oi U). To reach tlag rank, however, a cap- 
 tain must have 8«'rved six years sea service, three of x\ hich may have its e<iuivaleiit in 
 harbor service, but the first three yenrsof .snch i>eriod must be sea service in command 
 of a ship of war of sea, and by a later regulation he must have commanded an iron- 
 clad in commission for sea service. The iiest captains only, those who are fully up to 
 the times in gunnery, tor]'C(loes, steam, «fcc., are selected for these commands: con- 
 sequently they are the only ones who reach tlag rank. 
 
 This is the secret ot the great emnlation among oflicersof all tanks. Both at Piy- 
 month and at Portsmouth the activity which everywhere jirevailed suggested the 
 imminence of a great war; gunb-'ars trequently going outside for target practice at 
 long ranges: torpedo-boats practicing with <lummy torjiedoes; vidett<; boats, armed 
 with the Whitehead tor]>eil<», darting around like mad; clasvses of i)eitj' ollicers nnder 
 instruction in laying out toijiedoes and counter-mines, and workitig with torpedoes 
 generally ; target practice from the gunnery ships ; rifle practice oil sbore by squads of 
 seamen and apprentice boys; target practic«with llirchcock, Gatling, and Nordcnfelt 
 guns; sharp-shooter practice at tixed targets, moving tJirgets, and targets represent- 
 ing a man running from cover to cover, the school of seamen divers — all this going on 
 incessantly. 
 
 The tuime activity prevails on hoard ship. P.oys are constantly exorcising at one 
 thing or auother, gunnery drills going on with the heavy gnus ; lieutenants ujuler gun- 
 nery instruction, mixed up with the bluejacket ■; as part of gun's crews and drilled by 
 the seaman gunner-', while captains and ctininiandeis too old lo pull ami haul stood by 
 to watch the drills and pick up points. On board the Excellent and the Vernon (the 
 torpedo school sliijis) the stii.ly-room was fre(|uented l>y admirals (there were two of 
 ' that rank on board the Vernon), captains, aiul commanders. One cannot fail to per- 
 ceive that everybody is thoroiU'.hly in earnest. 
 
 It is th" same at tlie naval college, Gn-eiiwich, which is open to all ranks. The 
 reporis from the latter place are ver\ siguiticant. Tho lieutenants and sub-lienten- 
 "ants who attend them are said to be harder and far more conscientious students than 
 the average college man. The niotive-jmwer is greater. Those ollieers who do not 
 go in for this kind of work drop astern in the race and soon find themselves on Ifalf 
 ^ay.
 
 554 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Promotion to fill tho liiybcr grndo by mlcctiou is certainly opoii to objection, but it 
 vitalizoH tho Hoivicc. I do not linow tliat it is one bit iiioid liable to abnw tlirough 
 political inllufiiico in our country tlitin in En|;l.'iiHl. JJnt it in not ncccHH.-iiy to lutro- 
 <luco promotion by Hi-bfution ilanotbor 1>»! jidoptod, viz, to open a post-grailuatft conrKo 
 for our younjjtcr odicciH and to sidect from tlio best of thene the otlicisis for the best 
 poHitions, anil fiually for coniinan<l. 
 
 Tho.se otticorfl who have not couiniandcid ships a certain length of time should not 
 be promoted to (laj{ rank. Lieutenants not promoted at a certain fixed ajre hliould be 
 retired. Conniiandcrs sliould be required to serve in command of a ship in commis- 
 sion for sea service for a c<M'f ain term of yeans, and if not promoted at a 0<3rtaiD age 
 to be retired. Tim same rule should apply to captains and commodores. 
 
 Some such system, which is really "promotion by selection" in disguise, but yet 
 conformable to the great law of nature, "the survival of the fittest," is necessary to 
 inspire more life in the service. 
 
 Onr present system of commands reverses the long-established rules of military 
 precedence, and is contrary to common sense. "Old men for counsel, young men for 
 the field," was one of the maxims of the wise Greeks, but we sen<l our oldest officers 
 to command Sfiuadrons — men who have reached the closing days of their professional 
 career; so old, indeed, that most of them retire before the cxi)iration of their term of 
 foreign service. 
 
 The next class of officers on the descending scale, the commodores, who, by their 
 age and experience, are hest qualified for active service at sea, are assigned to the 
 inactive duty of commanding shore stations — positions held in reserve in all other 
 navies as a sort of reward for the higher officers who have linished their career afioat, 
 and who naturally seek the relaxation of service on shore, where their long and varied 
 experience may be made available. Thus the command-in-chief of Portsmouth, Eng- 
 land, is the prize which the English admiral looks for after the toils of the sea are 
 over. In that high position he enjoys the rewards of an honorable and successful 
 career, and retires either with special honors bestowed by his sovereign or an appoint- 
 ment to the still higher position of admiral of the fleet. A similar rule obtains in 
 France. Our naval stations are given to junior commodores who have never hoisted 
 their pennants at sea. 
 
 Going one step further down the scale, we select young men for counsel by calling 
 our captains and commanders to preside over the bureaus of the Navy Department. 
 It is highly gratifying that we can find officers of the grades of captain and commander 
 so eminently qualified for these high places, but at the same time it is a very severe 
 commentary on our method of making flag officers that few can be found worthy of 
 the responsible position. 
 
 Our visits to the English and French ports have been extremely instructive and 
 suggestive. My hope now is that we may be enabled, by the cordial support of the 
 Navy Department, to profit by our experience, and bring our training wervice and 
 gunnery ship up to what they ought to be. 
 
 The above remarks may offer a solution to tlie vexed questiou now 
 agitating- the Navy, owing to the stoppage of promotion, and suggest a 
 more stringent observance of section 149G Kevised Statutes. 
 
 The laws of Congress provide the best methods of securing efficiency, 
 by a proper examination of every officer to ascertain his fitness for pro- 
 motion. If these laws are strictly enfored, the jSTavy will be brought to 
 a higher standard, and those officers who are indisposed to keep up with 
 the requirements of the service will fall astern. 
 
 My own opinion is that it is better to trust to the proper enforcement of 
 existing laws than to resort to a doubtful system of scrambling for places 
 in the Xavy, subjecting officers who have in their day performed their 
 duty, and who have grown old in the service, to mortification. 
 
 Oilicers who are on the active list and who cannot perform their du- 
 ties should expect to be retired according to the laws providing for such 
 cases, but care should be taken that no favoritism should by any possi- 
 bility be introduced into the Navy. Every officer when he goes on the- 
 retired list shoidd feel that after a lifetime of varied and faithful service 
 be is retired without humiliation. 
 
 Respectfully submitted. 
 
 Hon. William E. Chandler, 
 
 Secretary of the Navy. 
 
 DAVID D. PORTER, Admiral.
 
 REPORT 
 
 SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 
 
 Department of the Interior, 
 
 Washington, Xovcmber 1, 1882. 
 Sir : I liavR tlie honor to submit the following summary of the opera- 
 tious of tin- J)ei)iirtmeut of the Juterior (hiring the past your, together 
 v.ith such recommendations and suggestions as in my judgment will 
 jjromote the public interests. 
 
 INDIAN AFFAIRS. 
 
 The report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs shows no disturb- 
 ance among the Indians at this time, although during the past year 
 theie has been much dissatisfaction, and in some sections open outbreaks. 
 
 In Aiiril last, a large number of Indians left the San Carlos Agency, 
 in Arizona, <'ommitted many outrages on the people of that Territory, 
 killing the settlers and destroying their property, and finally ma<le their 
 way into ^lexico, where thej' were attacked by ^Mexican troops and large 
 numbers killed. These raids, occurring as they have for many years 
 annually oi' ol'tener, have greatly retarded the settlement and develop- 
 ment of what ])romises to be one of the richest mineral regions of the 
 country. 
 
 These i-aids lind the ]>eop]e unprepared for war, and the settler at his 
 daily work is not ])rei)ared to tH)i)e with his wily foe, who is better 
 armed than be. Since the late outbreak, much dissatisfaction has been 
 expressed by the jteople, and threats have been freely made that the 
 ])eople will take means to guard against the repetition of the occurrences 
 of last spring, anil there is danger, unless the Indian can be restrained, 
 that the ]>eople will attempt to redress their wrongs by the destruction 
 of the Indians; and, if this should occur, th» innocent and guilty will 
 alike sutfei" for the crimes of a few. Justice to the Indian and settler 
 alike demands that vigorous means should bo taken to prevent these 
 frequent outbreaks by Indians stii»i)orted by the government, and the 
 marauding and murdering i)arties should be severely dealt with when 
 taken prisoners, disarmed, dismounted, and i)unished for their crimes, 
 
 A comparatively small number of the San Carlos Indians have been 
 
 •guilty of crime, yet thii few criminals not oidy keep the other Indians 
 
 ?u a state «>f turmoil and confusion, but actually endanger their exist 
 
 ence. If these evil-disposed persons cannot bo kept ou the reservations
 
 556 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 by the ordinary agency means, they should be removed to some place 
 where their evil influences cannot retard the work of civilizing tbe more 
 peaeeably inclined. There will be no permanent peace with these In- 
 dians until they are disarmed and dismounted. They have no use for 
 guns, for the game is scarce, and the government furnishes them ample 
 to live on without resorting to the fruits of the chase. Their ponies are 
 useless, except to ride alwut the country, and are a great hindrance to 
 their civilization; for if they did not have the ponies they would estab- 
 liish themselves in a permanent home. 
 
 At the last session of Congress there was inserted in the appropria- 
 tio'n bill a provision for the removal of the Mescalero Apaches to the 
 flicarilla Agency, on the northern line of New Mexico, and the consoli- 
 dation of the two agencies, provided the consent of the Indians could 
 be obtained to such removal. The Indians refused to remove and were 
 therefore left at the old agency. I do not think the removal ought to 
 be made, although the consolidation of the two agencies I consider de- 
 sirable, either at the Mescalero Agency or by the removal of the Jica- 
 rillas and Mescaleros to San Carlos, and the consolidation of the first 
 two agencies with the last. 
 
 DISARMING THE INDIANS. 
 
 One great hindrance to the civili2;ation of the Indian has been his 
 passion for war and the chase. To the Indian there have been but two 
 paths to preferment, that of war and the chase. His standing in his 
 tribe depends on his success in one or the other of these pursuits. If 
 lie is a successful hunter, he has a measure of fame; if a successful war- 
 rior, he accumulates riches and gains great renown, n©t only in his own 
 but neighboring tribes. All honors that an Indian can receive at the 
 hands of his tribe are his. He refuses to work, without being indolent; 
 for the patience, perseverance, courage, and energ-y displayed in war 
 and the chase disprove the assertion, so often made, that the Indian is 
 too lazy to work. 
 
 The frontier farmer who subdues the forests, tills the soil, and makes 
 the "wilderness blossom like the rose," makes no greater physical ex- 
 ertion than his warlike Indian neighbor. In all our dealings with the 
 Indian we have fostered Jiis passion for war and the chase. We have 
 allowed him to procure arms and ammunition, and in many instances 
 have assisted him so to do. The highest ambition ofau Indian is to own a 
 gnn, the next to have an opportunity to use it. He will part with any- 
 thing he has to acquire it, and, when obtained, it will be the last thing 
 he will dispose of. With its possession comes the temptation to use it. 
 Well armed, he is a warrior waiting for an opportunity to acquire feme 
 and renown in his tribe. On the slightest provocation he slays his ad- 
 versary. He kills the traditionary enemies of his tribe, whether white 
 man or Indian, without provocation, either for gain, to gi'atify his pas- 
 sion for blood, or to secure the fame that awaits a successful warrior.
 
 REPOliT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE rXTERIOR. 557 
 
 He is not restrained by law, human oi divine, and has not the moral 
 capacity to understand that it is a criiiio to kill the nnoflendiug and de- 
 fenseless. If a white man wrongs him, he wreaks his vengeance, not 
 on the wrongdoer alone, but on any white person who falls within his 
 jiower. He will wait months and years, and when the ojiportunity is 
 presented, ho will wreak his vengeance on the innocent and unoffending. 
 In all this he has no upbraidiugsor compunctions of conscience, for his 
 conduct is consonant with Indian law and Indian morals. We wonder 
 at his ferocity, forgetting that he is a savage. Armed and e^iuipped, he 
 is proud, arrogant, and dangerous; unarmed, he is humble, timid, and 
 harmless. Nearly all the Indians \vith whom we have ha<l any ditiiculty, 
 or with whom we may anticipate trouble, are armed, and most of them 
 well armed. 
 
 Feeble efforts have been made from time to time to prevent the sale 
 of arms and ammunition to the Indians. Yet the Indians have but little 
 or no trouble to procure arms ; the limit has only been the limit of their 
 ability to pay for them. The government has armed at various times 
 scouts and police with improved guns, which in very many cases have ' 
 qaickly found their way into the hands of Indians, who, if not hostile 
 at the time, liave soon become so under the stimulus of a good gun and 
 plenty of ammunition. Improved Winchester rifles have been furnished 
 to the police, who are supposed to do police duty only on the reserva- 
 tions. If the Indians are doing only police duty, they do not need and 
 ought not to use Winchester rifles. If it is necessary that they have 
 fire-arms, the policeman's pistol, used by the policemen of our cities, wdl 
 answer all purposes, and if the pistols fall into the hands of hostile In- 
 dians they will not be dangerous to the settler. Xo Indian will venture 
 out on a raid armed only with a ])istol ; or if he does, as a raider he will 
 he comparatively harmless to what he is with his Winchester rifle. As 
 soon as it can be done without creatingundue excitement among them, 
 they ouglit to be disarmed and the temptation to go on the war-path 
 taken away. They have no further use for iheir guns, for the game is 
 so scarce in most sections that it forms but a small j)orlion of their food, 
 and the government provides or should provide an ample supply for their 
 support without their resorting to the fruits of the chase. 
 
 We ought not to depiivo them of their guns without com[>ensation, 
 excei>t as a punishment for crimes. I have no doid>t that most of 
 the Indians can be disarmed by agreeing to pay them for tiieir guns. 
 They should have their title to the land secured to them and reasonable 
 provision made for them, so that they need not fear that they will be 
 lemoved or compelled to resort to the chase for a living, and they should 
 surrender their guns an<l take iu their stead cattle, shee|), or the imple- 
 ments of agriculture. When the Indian can be compelled or persuaded 
 to give up his gun, he will be ready to devote his energies to earning a 
 living, instead of wasting them in the chase or in raids on the fwntier 
 settlements. Give him a jjIow in x)lace of his gun and a hoc in place
 
 558 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 of a tomahawk, and impress on his mind that he is now with them, in 
 ]):nt at least, to earn his own support, and an important step has been 
 taken towards .his civilization ; for labor has been, and ever will l)e, the 
 great agent of civilization of the human race. Without labor w(; cannot 
 hope to civilize the Indian, and we can do no greater kindness to tlir. 
 race than to induce them to labor. This we shall tind it ditlicult to do 
 by persuasion, or even comimlsion, while they have arms in their hands. 
 I therefore suggest that the Commissioner of Indian Affairs be autbor- 
 izexl to adopt some system of disarming the Indians, and to that end 
 to ]nirchase the arms of the Indians on fair terms, and that suitable 
 appropriation be made, out of which payment shall be uiade, an«l that 
 the sale of arms or ammunition to Indians holding tribal relations be 
 prohibited under severe penalties. 
 
 INDIAN TITLES. 
 
 Much has been said of late concerning the title to Indian lauds. It 
 has proved the subject of elaborate discussions in Congress, and is ap- 
 parently no nearer a determination than it was years ago. 
 
 It is said that the Indians are demanding land in severalty ; that is, 
 that each individual Indian is desirous that his due share of the whole 
 land of his tribe shall be set apart for him^and he receive a patent there- 
 for. 
 
 This claim was made for the Indians in the year 1646, and Elliott, the 
 apostle of the Indians, procured the allotment of land and the settle- 
 ment of the Indians on such allotments ; but they did not remain on 
 them, and the system was for a time abandoned. It has been renewed 
 at various times, and very large numbers of treaties made with the In- 
 dians have contained provisions for such allotment on the request ot 
 the Indians. Very few Indians have availed themselves of this privilege, 
 and those who have done so have in most cases disposed of their lands 
 as soon as they could. 
 
 The right of property, as recognized by an Indian, is the right in his 
 clan. All right to the soil and the productions thereof inhere in the 
 clan, and he who takes land in severalty, or cultivates the common soil 
 to the exclusion of others, is guilty of a crime against Indian society. 
 
 The savage Indian objects to land in severalty, because he has been 
 taught, both as a question of i^olitical economy and Indian morals, that 
 it is a crime to divide the land and allow one man to own it to the ex- 
 clusion of another. The more enlightened Indians object to it because 
 they know that when the limitation against alienation has expired the 
 great mass of Indians will part with their title and become landless 
 vagabonds. For this reason the Kew York Indians aud the civilized 
 tribes of the Indian Territory refuse to receive laud in severalty. No 
 greater misfortune can befall the Indian race than when their lands are 
 allotted and patents issue therefor, even though the period of aliena- 
 tion should be fixed at twenty-five years, as has frequently been proposed.
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 559 
 
 Notwithstanding tbo Indian polity demands that the land be held 
 in common, the fields are not tilled in common, but each laborer selects 
 his piece of land and tills it with as much safety from intrusion from 
 his neighbor as if he had a patent. 
 
 That the Indians are dissatisfied with the titles given cannot be de- 
 nied, and that they are demanding a title from the government there ib 
 abundant proof. A title to the tribe, such as was given to the five civi- 
 lized tribes of the Indian Territory, is consistent with Indian polity 
 and insures to the Indian exemption from the invasion of aggressive 
 whites as well as from interference by the government, which is more 
 to be feared by the Indians than even the invasion of the " whites." 
 
 To this end, that the Indians may be secure in their titles and have 
 the assurance that they will not be removed, except by their free con- 
 sent, I recommend the passage of a law to give each tribe a patent for 
 the land the government has guaranteed to it, leaving the Indians to 
 determine the question of allotment for themselves. This system has 
 given entire satisfaction to the civilized Indians of the Indian Territory, 
 and is consonant with Indian law and religion. 
 
 TRIBAL RELATIONS. 
 
 Much has been said of late of the evils of the tribal relation, and 
 efiorts have been made to destroy this system and to treat the Indian 
 as we treat the individual white man. The tribal relation is not with- 
 out its objections, yet it is the best and only system adapted to the wants 
 of the savage, or even partially civilized Indian, and its maintenance, 
 f(U' a time at least, is essential to suc(;ess in attempting his civilization. 
 
 The jurisdiction of the United States over the Indian is limited to the 
 Indians remaining members of a tribe.. When the tribal relation is 
 once destroyed they will be beyond the i)rotecting care of the United 
 States, and the intercourse laws will be without force. (See Kansas In- 
 dians, 5 Wallace, page 737.) 
 
 While it is necessary that the tribal relations be continued to enable 
 the government to allbrd txitho Indians the protection they need, until 
 by education they are enabled to compete with their aggressive and 
 avaricious white competitors, it is not necessary that the government 
 in its dealings with them should treat them, as it has done, as in- 
 dependent nations, or even as dopondoncios. Tlie treaties heretofore 
 niade that are found to be injurious to the Indians should bo modified 
 by the legislative authority of the govcinment, having due reganl to 
 the necessities of the Indians, and what is needful legislation lor the 
 Indians ought to be determined by Congress and, not by the Indians 
 themselves. 
 
 The government should assume the control of Indian affairs, legislat- 
 ing for them as it legislates for whites under its exclusive control. In 
 all questions touching ])roi)erty rights the same rule should be ai)])lied 
 to the Indians that is applied to the white man, and the obligation of
 
 560 EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 the govemmont with relation to stipulated payments or fsratuities to the 
 Indians shoiilil be treated in the same spirit that we treat the obliga- 
 tion that we denominate the public debt. 
 
 All legislation sbotild look to the ultimate dissolution of the tribal 
 relation, but not until by education and discipline we have truined the 
 Indiana to dispense with that relation. 
 
 RESERVATIONS. • 
 
 The reservation system like the tribal relation is not without objection, 
 and yet in the present condition of the great mass of the Indians, can- 
 not be dispensed with. It will not do to treat the uncivilized Indian 
 as capable of taking care of himself, even if he has a patent for ICO acres 
 or more of land. These reservations ought to be sufficient for the sup- 
 port of the Indians who reside on them, with a reasonable allowance for 
 increase of the Indian population, but they should not be disproportion- 
 ate to the wants of the Indians. Very many of these reservations con- 
 tain large areas of valuable lapd that cannot be cultivated by the In- 
 dians, even though they were as energetic and laborious as the best 
 class of white agriculturists. All such reservations ought to be reduced 
 in size, and the surplus not needed ought to be bought by the govern- 
 ment and opened to the operation of the homestead law, and it would then 
 soon be settled by industrious whites, who, as neighbors, would become 
 valuable auxiliaries in the work of civilizing the Indians residing on the 
 remainder of the reservation. When thus reduced, the government 
 should issue to the tribe its patent, vesting in the tribe the title in fee 
 simple as fully as it does the title to the 160 acres given to the settler. 
 
 . CRIMES. 
 
 My predecessor called attention to the necessity for legislation for the 
 detection and punishment of crime on reservations, whether committed 
 by white men on Indians, or Indians on white men, or by Indians on 
 each other. I fully concur with hiia iu his views therein expressed, and 
 I trust that some legislation on this subject may be had at the approach- 
 ing session of Congress. There should also be further legislation to 
 punish the invasion of the Indian Territory by unauthorized persons. 
 The penalty consists of a fine only, and the imposition of a fine on people 
 who are without visible means of support is, in effect, no punishment at 
 all. To the fine now imposed by law, there should bo added imprison- 
 ment. 
 
 TIMBER AND MINES ON RESERVATIONS. 
 
 « 
 
 The Commissioner of Indian Affairs has called attention to The law 
 concerning the rights of the Indians to cut and remove timber from the 
 reservations. In the case of Cook vs. the United States (19 ^Vallac<^, the 
 Supreme Court of the United States held that Indians could not legally 
 cut for sale timber growing on their reservations. Under this decision the
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETAKT OF THE INTERIOR. 561 
 
 cutting of gTo\vin;>- tim]jci\ the mining- of coal, as well as the precious 
 metals, is waste. The Indians ought to be allowed to do whatever a 
 good business man would if the reservation was his iinder like circum- 
 stances. If the Indians will mine coal, cut timber and manufacture it 
 into lumber, they ought to be allowed to do so. AVhenever and wher- 
 ever an Indian shows a disposition to work he ought to be encouraged- 
 The Secretary- of the Interior should have authority to grant to the In- 
 dians permits tx) cut timber and mine coal, and to dispose of the same. 
 
 STOCK-RAISING. 
 
 At least one-half of the Indian reservations are better adapted to 
 stock-raising than agriculture, and it is less difficult to induce an Indian 
 to engage in herding than in agricultural j)ur>uitH. If ten years ago 
 suitable provision had been made for furnishing herds at such agencies 
 as are especially adapted to stock-raising, the Indians at such agencies 
 would now lie largely independent of government aid. At most agen- 
 cies the Indians will, under tlie direction of the agent, take care of tho 
 stock. In a few instances it may be necessary to provide a white fore- 
 man to teach the Indians how to take care of the herd. In some cases 
 the herd should bo the common property of the tribe; in others the 
 stock should be parceled out to the Indians who are willing and able 
 to take care of the same. When herds are provided for the tribe it 
 should be with the ultimate purpose of distributing the same among 
 the Indians as soon as they furnish proof of their willingness and ability- 
 to take care of the stock. The possession of herds and flocks will not 
 only benefit the Indians by providing subsistence, but will compel them 
 to abandon their nomadic habits. 
 
 In 18(50 tho Navajo Indians of New Mexico had about 1,000 sheep and 
 goats. In November of that year the government furnished them with 
 14,000 sheep and 1,000 goats, at a cost of $30,000. The repoit of their 
 agent shows that this number has increased to 000,000 sliecp and i'00,000 
 goats. In 1881 the agent reported tho wool-clip at 1,000,000 iwunds, and 
 that 200,000 pounds had been manufactured into blankets. These In- 
 dians, numbering 1(J,000, by means of this small outlay, in thirteen years 
 have become self-supporting, the total a[>propriation for their subsistence 
 for the fiscal year 1883 being only $.j,000. Frojn 1870 to 1882, inclusive, 
 the total af)i»roi)riation for their support was $1,270,44,"), or an annual 
 appropriation of over 808,000. During the years 1870, 1871, and 1872 
 the a]iproi)riations fortheirsnbsistence amounted to a total of $.')82,37o. 
 During the years 1881, 1882, and 1883 the appropriations for like i)ur- 
 poses amoujitcd to a total of >!.")8.(MI0 ; and lioreafter there will be no 
 necessity for an ajipropriation lt)r their subsisteni^e. No better illustra- 
 tion can be had of the wisdom of that policy which looks toward aiding 
 the Indian to support himself instead of supporting him at governnu'nt 
 expense. 
 
 The Commissioner reports that there is due these Indians under th© 
 36 Ab
 
 562 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 ^ seventh article of 'the treaty of June, 1868, the sum of $156,651.74. To 
 carry out iho ]ir(»visioiis of Article 7 of this treaty Cong:ress appropriated 
 $200,000; of tliis Rum )^53,348.'J6 was expended, and the bidance, 
 $156,651.74, was carried to the credit of the suri^lus fund. The Attor- 
 ney-Genera] has decided that appropriations of this character are ex- 
 empt from the operation of tlie suri^lus-fuud act. Tliis appears to be a 
 just claim against the government, and I concur with the Commissioner 
 in recommending that this amount be re-appropriated, and that it be 
 expended according to the provisions of Article 7 of said treaty. It will 
 prove a great stimulus to these Indians who are making such praise- 
 worthy eflbrts at self-support. 
 
 THE NOKTIIERN CHEYENNES. 
 
 In 1877 the jS'orthern Cheycnnes were removed to the Indian Terri- 
 tory. Much dissatisfaction existed at the time of the removal, and it 
 has continued ever since. These Indians have always felt that in their 
 removal they have been greatly wronged, and in 1878 a band of them 
 attempted to return to their old home. After leaving the Indian Terri- 
 tory they committed many outrages on the people of Kansas, and were 
 in the end nearly exterminated by the U. S. troops. Those remaining 
 have ever since demanded to be removed to their former home or its 
 vicinity. Secretary Schurz, under whose order the removal \yas made, 
 declared in his Annual Eeport of 1880 that he regretted such removal. 
 
 In October, 1881, Little Chief and his band, 235 in all, left the Chey- 
 enne and Arapahoe Agency and proceeded to Pine Kidge, Dakota; 
 others to the number of 82 joined them, and they are all at the Pine 
 Eidge Agency. There are now remaining in the Indian Temtory 684 
 of the Northern Cheyennes, who are not only anxious but determined 
 to join their kindred in Dakota. They declare that they will go with- 
 out the consent of the Interior Department, if such consent is much 
 longer withheld. I do not believe these Indians will be satisfied in 
 their present ht)me, and I believe it will be for the interest of the In- 
 dians and the government alike to return them to their former home in 
 the Territory of Dakota. The Sioux at Pine Ridge Agency have ex- 
 j)ressed a willingness to receive the Northern Cheyennes and allow them 
 to live at that agency. This I understand will be agreeable to the 
 Cheyennes, and I therefore recommend that such removal be authorized, 
 and a suitable appropriation be provided for this removal and their sup- 
 port at such new location. 
 
 JOSEPH'S BAND OF NEZ PERCES. 
 
 The number of this band now in the Indian Territory is 90 men, 146 
 women, 54 boys, and 33 girls, making a total of 323. Of those wlio 
 surrendered at Bear Pan Mountain, IMontana, in October, 1877, 431 
 were transferred to Fort Leavenworth at one time, and a few others, 
 subsequently caj)tured, were also taken to that post. In July, 1878,
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 563 
 
 410 were turned over to the Interior Department and taken to the In- 
 dian Territory. Notwithstanding the births since that time, the total 
 number has decreased to that given above. 
 
 Believing that the war, which exiled these people from Idaho, was the 
 result of a failure of the government to keep its pbghted faith, as a 
 member of the United States Senate I opposed their removal against 
 their will to the Indian Territory'. I considered such removal a viola- 
 tion of the terms on which they had surrendered. They had been forced 
 into war, and contending with an army far outnumbering them, had 
 made a- fight almost without a parallel in the annals of history, extend- 
 ing over a district of more than 1,300 miles, and then, though en- 
 trenched in the rocks where they could not have been dislodged without 
 great loss of life to the Army, as well as themselves, surrendered, as 
 Joseph says, because he did not want any more lives sacrificed. 
 
 General Miles, the officer to whom the surrender was made, says, in 
 a communication addressed to the President in February, 1881, that he 
 informed them tliat it was the design of the government to place them 
 upon what is known as the small Nez Perces reservation in Idaho, and 
 he believes a due regard for his word, the good faith of the govern- 
 ment, and every other consideration require that his promise given the 
 Nez Perces at that time be made good. He further speaks of the hard- 
 ships suffered by the Xez Perces in consequence of their removal to the 
 Indian Territory, and recommends that they be returned to Idaho. 
 
 I concur in these recommendations, and recommend that provisions 
 be made to carry them out. 
 
 The Xez Perces have changed very much in manner of living and 
 style of dress since going to the Indian Territory. Nearly or quite all 
 of them have adopted citizens' clothing. They liaveau organized church — 
 Presbyterian — of over one hundred and fifty members ; have been in- 
 dustrious, and ready to respond to any requirements of the department. 
 Their advancement in civilization has been such that it is not believed 
 any trouble would follow their return to Idaho. Their faith in the ulti- 
 )nate fulfilling of the promise made them of being returned to that 
 country has been a strong incentive to tliem in the advancement they 
 have made. Some assistance by the government would be necessary in 
 lie!i)ingtheni to make ;i commencement after reaching there, when they 
 would be self-supporting, as those of the tribe now there are. 
 
 CIVILIZATION FUND. 
 
 From July, 1877, to -July, ISSI, tlierc was i)laced to the credit of this 
 lund the sum of fJ'TlOjCKK), derived from the sale of certain Indian lands 
 in Kansas. Of this sum ><."iOO,()()() was I'xpcndcd in tho «'stal>lishuient 
 and siippoj-t of schools, and the remainder in the purchase of wagons, 
 farming tools, stock, «S:c., with the exception of about $4,800 now on 
 hand. 
 
 It will be seen that this sum has been treated as a contingent fund,
 
 564 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 and was drawn on in all cases where, in the judgment of the Secretary 
 of the Inteiior, the money could be profitably used in the work of civil- 
 izing the Indians. It will be notic«'d that the annual expenditure from 
 that fund was something over $175,000. It cannot be doubted that the 
 use of such fund has greatly advanced the cause of Indian (;ivilization, 
 and it is doubtful whether any appropriation of equal amount for specific 
 purposes has been as beneficial as that fund. 
 
 In making estimates as to the cost of greater efficiency in the school 
 service It must be borne in mind that not less than 8125,000 per annum 
 was used from that fund in the support of schools. It is very difficult 
 to estimate each year for the wants and needs of the Indian ser^ice. A 
 liberal contingent fund should therefore be provided, to be used, in the 
 discretion of the Secretary, whenever, through inattention, neglect, or 
 ignorance of the necessities of the case, i)roper provision has not been 
 made. 
 
 PERMANENT FUND FOR SCHOOLS. 
 
 The sums to be appropriated for Indian education ought to fixed, and 
 not dependent on the action of Congress at each session, and I there- 
 fore recommend that certain incomes be set apart by law to be used as 
 such fund. The net receipts of the sales of public lands during the last 
 four years have amounted to $14,350,877.77, or a yearly average of 
 $3,589,219.44. During the last year such sales amounted to $7,189,859.89. 
 It cannot be supposed, however, that the sales will be as large during 
 the next four years, and they will doubtless grow less each year for 
 many years to come. The moneys arising from such sale would at 
 least furnish a fund as the basis of such school fund, and I therefore 
 recommend that the moneys received from the sale of public lands and 
 the fees in excess of the expenses of such sale be set apart as a perma- 
 nent fund for the education of Indian children, and to this there should 
 be added a sum sufficient to educate the number of children that it is 
 thought advisable to put in the manual-labor schools. 
 
 The act making appropriation for the current and contingent ex- 
 penses of the Indian Department, approved May 17, 1882, requires the 
 inspector of Indian schools to — 
 
 report a pliiu for carrying into effect, in tlie most economical and efficient manner, 
 all existing treaty stipulations for tlie education of Indians, with careful estimates 
 of the cost thereof; also a plan and estimates for educating all Indian youths for -whom 
 no such provision now exists, and estimates of what sun)s can be saved from existing 
 expenditures for Indian support by the adoption of such plan. 
 
 I herewith submit his report. 
 
 The Secretary of the Interior was authorized by said act — 
 
 to cause to be constructed at a point in the Indian Territory, adjacent to the southern 
 boundary of the State of Kansas, and near to the Ponca and Pawnee Reservations, and 
 upon a section of land suitable in quality andlocation for the industrial purposesof said 
 school, which section of laud is hereby reserved for said purpose, a building suitable 
 in size and convenience for the instruction and care of one hundred and fifty Indian 
 children, and shall cause to be instructed therein, in the English language and in in-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTElflOR. 565 
 
 dustrial pursuits, tbe children of such oi' tho Indian tribes located in the Indian Ter- 
 ritory as are least provided for under existing treaties and laws. 
 
 The location of such school lias been made alter careful examination 
 of the country by the inspector of Indian schools. He recommends 
 that there be added another section of land, and in this recommenda- 
 tion I concur. 
 
 The Secretary was also — 
 
 authorized to cause to he constructed, at some suitable point on tlie Sioux Reserva- 
 tion, in Dakota Territory, and upon a section of land suitable in quality anU location 
 for tho industrial purposes of said school, which section of land is hereby reserved for 
 said purpose, a biiilding suitable in size and convenience for tho instruction and care 
 of one hundred and tifty Indian children, and shall cause to be iustructetl therein, in 
 the English language and in industrial pursuits, the children of the Indian tribes 
 located on said reservation, unless he should think best to establish such school at the 
 late Pawnee Agency, in the State of Nebraska. 
 
 After a careful considei'ation of the advantages of a school in Nebraska 
 the school was located at the Pawnee Agency. The old school building 
 at this point will be useful when repaired. At this point the govern- 
 ment owns but 160 acres of land, on which the old building stands. An 
 appropriation was made for 160 acres more. The inspector of Indian 
 schools recommends the purchase of 160 acres additional, making 480 
 acres in all. In this I concur. 
 
 These two schools will accommodate about 300 children, and should 
 be enlarged to accommodate in each school not less than three hundred. 
 It is economy to put from three hundred to four hundred children in 
 one school. 
 
 INDIAJN EDUCATION. 
 
 The subject of Indian education has been one of interest to the peo- 
 ple ever since the early settlement of the country. The early settlers 
 devoted much time and money to the education of Indian youths. They 
 collected large sums of money and established schools exclusively for 
 their benefit. There appears to have been no ditliculty in obtaining pu- 
 ]>ils, and a number of Indians are reported as having graduated with 
 honorable distinction from some of the better class of such schools. 
 This eflbrt seems to have been confined ])rincii)al]y to Ihe education of 
 tlie young men with the purpose of making teachers of them, with the 
 expectation that they would ultimately organize schools in the wilder- 
 ness for the education of the mass of the Indian children who could not 
 bo brought under the intluenco of white teachers. 
 
 It was supposed by tho friends of the cause of Indian education that 
 the knowledge of letters ought to ])recede all other knowledge of civil- 
 ized affairs, and so but little elVort was made to do more than instinct 
 them in the knowledge of books and ac«iuaiut them with theological 
 doctrines that even their well-informed white neighbors did not under- 
 stand, and concerning wliich tliey did not attempt to agree. 
 
 Little or no effort was made to educate tiiem as laborers. Tlie Indian 
 children were not behind their white associates in committing to mem-
 
 566 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 ory the contents of their books, and all accounts agree that they made 
 commendable progress in their literary ])ursuits. The same success did 
 not, however, attend the efiorts made with reference to their religious 
 education. This effort to civilize them through a literary and religious 
 education, as might have been supposed, iiroved a failure. Tliis system 
 of Indian education, after a trial of nearly two hundred and fifty years, 
 has produced but scanty results. No intelligent efibrt appears to have 
 been made to educate the masses of the Indian children, for tlie attempt 
 made 1)5' the government through a few worthless agency day schools 
 cannot be designated as an "intelligent eftbrt," and appears to have 
 been of little or no benefit to the Indian race. Excei)tion, of course, 
 must be made to the in^aiseworthy efforts of the civilized Indians of the 
 Indian Territory to educate their children at their own expense. 
 
 Within the last ten years much interest has been awakened among 
 the people with reference to the cause of Indian education, and the na- 
 tional legislation on that subject has been in answer to the demand made 
 by the people. 
 
 It is not necessary to discuss the question whether the Indian is capa- 
 ble of receiving an education, and if capable, is willing. That he is 
 capable has been fully demonstrated. That he is willing has been 
 proved by the ease with which the few Indian schools properly con- 
 ducted are supplied with pujjils. The number of Indian children in 
 school is limited to the provisions made for their support. jMany more 
 might be added if the appropriation was sufficiently liberal for their 
 support. The Indians being capable of and willing to receive an edu- 
 cation, it cannot be doubted that it is the duty of the government to 
 provide the means. If, however, any one is disposed to deny the obli- 
 gation of the government in that behalf, none will deny that it is wis- 
 dom on the part of the government to supply the means of education to 
 all such as are willing and capable of receiving it; for, if their educa- 
 tion proceeds in the right direction, the government will relieve itself 
 of the support of persons who contribute nothing to the common stock, 
 and in their jdace create men who will by their labor add to the wealth 
 of the country. 
 
 If, then, it is either the duty of the government or dictated by sound 
 principles of political economy to educate the Indian cJiildren, it only 
 remains to be seen whether that end can be accoinplislicd with an out- 
 lay of money the expenditure of which will be within the true princi- 
 ple of governmental economy. 
 
 If we consider the object and purpose of the education of the Indian 
 t« be to relieve the government ultimately of his support ami de])end- 
 ency, div^esting the question of all sentiment, looking at it only as a 
 question of political economy, we need only inquire what does it cost 
 to support him in his ignorance, and whether he will be able to supi)ort 
 himself with an education. It is believed that from four to five years'
 
 EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 567 
 
 scbooliiig, with proper manual-labor training, will make them indepi^nd- 
 ent of government aid. 
 
 The whole number of Imliau children (exclusive of the iNewyork In- 
 dians and the five civilized tribes) between the ages of seven and six- 
 teen years is sui)posed to be about .{8,01)0; of tliis number the report 
 of the C'/ommissioner of Indian Affairs shows tliiit 8,.j08 are attending 
 scliool, of which about 4,078 are attending boarding school antl the 
 balance day schools. But it must be borne in mind that the day schools 
 are kept open only a short time, and the irregular manner in which the 
 <!ljildren attend while open lenders them of little or no value. The ad- 
 vantage derived from such attendance is hardly perceptible. Tlie In- 
 dian can only be properly educated in manual -labor schools. What he 
 nex'ds is not simply a literary eilucation, he must be educated to labor, 
 and his literary attainments will be of no real benefit to him unless he 
 has also learned to take care of himself and i)rovide for his jjhysical 
 wants. He must be taught to labor in the field; when to sow aud when 
 to reap; to care for cattle, hor.ses, .sheep, and swine; in fine, he must be a 
 herdsman or farmer, or both. Some may become laborers in other fields, 
 but the gi'cat mass of the Indians must either become farmers or stock- 
 raisers. If we educate a few Indian cliildren out of the many in a tribe, 
 the infiuence of the many uneducated will be more i)owerful than the 
 influence of the few educated, and the educated wiU soon go back to 
 the savage ways of the more numerous class, and the benefits of their 
 education be lost to them and the government. At least one-half of all 
 the Indian cliildren of school age should be put in manual-labor schools, 
 and more attention should be paid to teaching them to labor than to 
 read. Neither should b(» neglected. They can be made skillful farm- 
 ers and meclianics much more readily than they can be made schuliys. 
 While in school they should be allowed to speak English only. 
 
 At least one-half of the children select^'d for such seliools ouglit u> be 
 girls, who should be taught to si)in and weave, maV* their own clotii- 
 ing, take care of the house, and become suitable ct>mi)anions of the 
 educated males. The school p«>riod should not be less than four years, 
 and in exceptional cases even longer than thai. Manual labor schools 
 should be established in different sectit)ns of the country, nut distant 
 from the Indians, yet far enough away to b«^ beyond the infiuence of 
 those oi)posed to education, and that the children may see as little as 
 I)OSsibleof savage life. 
 
 It is notsupi)osed that one-half of the Indian children can be taken 
 at once from their parents and put into schools, even if the govern- 
 ment was i>repared solo do; but it is b<'iieved that by the time the 
 government can secure the facilities for the e<lncation <>l that nninber 
 of children there will be no difiiculty in obtaining them. 
 . A large number can be provided for in the several manual lalxir 
 schools of the different States, The <;iJi>:i(ity of the labor s('hoi»ls 
 already established can be increased so as to accommodate a large num-
 
 568 UEPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF TJIE INTERIOR. 
 
 ber. A number of IJDited States military posts, no longer needed 
 for military [)uri)ost'.s, ciin be used for tlie purpose of Indian schools, 
 the government thereby saving the cost of erection of buildings, &c. 
 With liberal ai)propriations it is quite possible to provide for the educa- 
 tion often thousund Indian youths in manual labor schools during 
 the fiscal ye^ir 1884, and at least twice that number during the liscal 
 year 1885. 
 
 The care, support, and education of 10,000 Indian youths during the 
 tiscal year 1884 ought not to exceed $2,500,000, and with the increased 
 number of children there ought to be a reduction in the cost, and the 
 expense of 20,000 children ought not to exceed $4,000,000 per annum. 
 To the 20,000, costing annually .$4,000,000, ought each year to be added 
 not less than one-fourth that number, which, at the same expense per 
 capita, will necessitate an additional appropriation of $1,000,000, and 
 the account will stand thus : 
 
 10,000 children, fiscal year 1884, coniputiDg the cost at $250 each $2,500,000 
 
 20,000 children, fiscal year 1885, at $200 each 4,000,000 
 
 25,000 children, fiscal year 1886, at $200 each 5,000,000 
 
 30,000 children, fiscal year 1887, at §200 each 0,000,000 
 
 25,000 children, fiscal year 1888, at $200 each 5, 000, 000 
 
 The per capita allowance is gieater than the cost at the agency 
 boarding school8,.but these schools are not kept up more than nine or 
 ten months, while this estimate is for attendance for the full calendar 
 year. 
 
 At the close of the fiscal year 1887 10,000 children, having completed 
 their school course, can be discharged, leaving with the 5,000 to be 
 added for the fiscal year 1888, 25,000. Ten thousand of these may be 
 discharged at the end of the fiscal year 1888, leaving, with the addition 
 of 5,000, 20,000 for the fiscal year 1889; and every year thereafter one- 
 fourth of the whole luiniber may be discharged and the like number 
 added. Thus, at the end of the fiscal year 1888, there will have been 
 discharged 20,000 children, who will be able to care for and support 
 themselves; and the total expense of the education of this number with 
 those remaining in school will not exceed $22,500,000, or about two- 
 thirds of the amount of money expended for the suppression of Indian 
 hostihties during the years 18G4 and 1865. 
 
 Since 1872, a period of only ten years, the cost of Indian hostilities 
 and military protection against the Indian is estimated by the military 
 authorities at $223,891,2()4.50, or an annual expense of $22,389,126.45. 
 To thi^ must be added the yearly appropriation for subsistence, which 
 averages about five millions a year. To this must also be addetl the 
 loss of life and the horrors of an Indian war, only to be understood by 
 those who have had the misfortune to be partici])ants in or witnesses of 
 them. This cannot be computed in dollars, but ought to be considered 
 in determining the policy of the government in its dealing with the 
 Indians. 
 
 It is useless to attempt the civilization of the Indian through the
 
 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 569 
 
 agency of schools, unless a large number of children, certainly not less 
 than one-half the total number, can have the benefit of such schools, 
 and even then it is not wise to depend wholly on that agency. The 
 children on returning to their homes should have some encouragement 
 and support. 
 
 Farmers and herders should be sent to the reservation to instruct the 
 adults in agriculture and stock-raising. The government should furnish 
 stock cattle to herders, and farm stock and implements to the farmer, 
 not in such number and quantities that the Indian will feel that he Ls 
 dependent on the government, but as aids to his own efforts. On some 
 reservations stock-raising ought to be the principal industry, while on 
 others, less suitable for that purpose, the Indian should be taught to 
 turn his attention towards agricultural pursuits. Care should be taken 
 to impress the Indian with the'necessity of supporting himself, and he 
 should be assured that the government will not aid him unless he shows 
 a disposition to aid himself; and the gratuities of the government 
 ought to be given only to those who show a proper disposition to take 
 care of themselves. 
 
 With 20,000 or more Indian children properly selected in our schools, 
 there will be no danger of Indian wars. Some care should be had in 
 the selection of the children, to include the children of those individuals 
 and tribes most likely to make trouble. 
 
 It is not desirable to abandon the agency schools, but an effort should 
 be made to render them more effective than they have been. With 
 proper attention they may be useful for the education of such of the 
 children as cannot be sent away, especially those too young to put in 
 the manual labor schools. 
 
 The Mission Indians of California, the Moquis, and Pueblos, and a 
 few other tribes, who are accustomed to labor, need nothing more than 
 good agency schools and titles to their lauds to supiwrt themselves 
 without further tax on the government. 
 
 It is believed that with an annual expenditure of between five and 
 six millions of dollars during the next fifteen years for educational pui- 
 poses, of the character herein indicated, the danger of Indian outbreaks 
 may be avoided, an<l the great mass of Indian youths at least made 
 self-supporting; and that the Indian may become, if not a valuable citi- 
 zen, at least one fi'om whom danger need not be apprehended, and cease 
 to be a ta^ on the government. 
 
 GENERAL LAXD OFFICE. 
 
 The Commissioner of the General Land OflBce shows a large increase 
 in the disposal of the public land for IS82 over that for 1881, as follows: 
 
 The disposal of public lands under all acts of Congress embractnl 
 13,998,780.27 acres, and of Indian lands 310,3S(;.13 acres, making thi? 
 total disposals 14,309,1 r)r.,40 acres, an increase over dijsposals during 
 the year 1881 of 3,115,709.35 acres.
 
 670 REPORT OF THE BECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 
 
 Tlio aTiioniit of money received from all sources in connection with 
 disposals of the i)ublic lands was $7,7o0,S96.82, and from sales of Indian 
 lands $034,017.22, a total of $8,394,510.04, being an increase over the 
 l)revious year of $2,985,711.88. 
 
 Tlic following is a statement in detail of disposals and receipts: 
 
 Cash sales: Acres. 
 
 Private entries 1, H'JJ, 4!iG. 15 
 
 Public sales 7, i>:i:J. i:'. 
 
 Timber and stone lauds. 9.0,237.02 
 
 Pre-emption entries l,r^)l,;jHO. 85 
 
 Desert lands 104,955.94 
 
 Final desert lands (o9,:i2:J. 11) 
 
 Mineral lands 30,708. G:{ 
 
 Coal lands H,C:i4.33 
 
 Excess payments on homestead and other entries. . 19, 316.77 
 
 Abandoned military reservations * 2,808. 12 
 
 Commuted homesteads (37G, (J5G. 10) 
 
 Act June 15, 18a0 1 (700,727.80) 
 
 Total cash sales 3,611,530.94 
 
 Homestead entries (original) 6,348,045.05 
 
 Final homesteads (2,219,427.10) 
 
 Timber-culture entries (original) 2, 5GG, G86. 09 
 
 Timber-culture (tinal) (23,371.12) 
 
 Locations with military bounty land warrants 43,86,5.69 
 
 Agricultural college scrip locations 1,040.00 
 
 Private land scrip locations 10, .577. 12 
 
 Valentine scrip locations (original) 853. 47 
 
 Sioux half-breed scrip locations 840.00 
 
 Chippewa half-breed scrip locations 240. 00 
 
 Locations with Porterfield scrip 390.79 
 
 Lands selected under railroad grants 472,263.88 
 
 State, school, and internal-improvement selections 276, 111.74 
 
 Donation claims 18,303. 14 
 
 Swamp-laud selections 648,032. 36 
 
 Total 13,998,780,27 
 
 The areas of homestead entries commuted with cash, and of lands 
 originallj'- entered under the homestead law but subsequently pur- 
 chased under the act of June 15, 1880, and the areas of final homestead, 
 final timber-culture entries, and final desert-land entries are not em- 
 braced in the foregoing total, such areas having been previously reported 
 with original entries of the respective classes. 
 
 SALES OF IXDIAX LANDS: 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Cherokee strip 2i»,508.02 
 
 Cherokee school 293.65 
 
 Kansas trust ."-. 210.72 
 
 Kansas trust and diminished reserve 11,760.30 
 
 Osage trust and diuiiuished reserve - 61,817.16 
 
 Osage ceded 3,260.63 
 
 Otoe and ilissouria 7,343. .57 
 
 Choctaw orphan 160.96
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 571 
 
 Pawnee 112,982.60 
 
 Sac and Fox cl*. iK) 
 
 Sionx G2,7(j:J.32 
 
 Sliawnee absentee 200. 00 
 
 'J'otal :!i(),:<8C. r.i 
 
 Which added to the dis])()sals of public Iniuls make ii graml total of 
 1 4,30(^,1 GC.40. 
 
 CASH KKCKII'IS: 
 
 From sales of i.ublie I.iikIs $n,r.28,77r> 9-3 
 
 From sales of Indian lands (U!1,G17 22 
 
 From liomesteiid fees and commissions tJl*7,yGti r)9 
 
 From timlier-cnltnre fees and eoni missions 2^2, ^M 00 
 
 From fees on military bounty land warrant locations 1, KVj 00 
 
 From fees on locatiims with ditferent classes of scrip IIG 00 
 
 From fees on pre-emption and other liliiij^s 12^. 12:} 00 
 
 From fees for rednciii'; testimony to writing .... oG, tftt? OG 
 
 From fees on railroad nelections-. 4,G95 50 
 
 Ffom fees on State selections 2, 43G 00 
 
 From fees on donation claims 59:') 00 
 
 From fees for issuing patent cei-titieates ;{ 00 
 
 From fees for transcripts from records fursiishcd by the General L:uid 
 
 Office G,r)d8 ::> 
 
 Total e,394,51G 04 
 
 The Comiuissioner reports that the amount of work done in the pre- 
 emption division during- the last year is 33 per cent, in excess of the 
 previous year; tliat 11,554 cases were received during the year, and 
 8,079 disposed of, leaving an excess of 3,475 cases to be added to the 
 total work in arrears. It will thus be seen that in this division only 
 about 70 ])er cent, of the current business has been disposed of, showing 
 conclusively that the force of this division ought to be increased 30 per 
 cent, in order to keep up with the current business of the division. The 
 work of the division is now two years in arrears, and is so rapidly in- 
 creasing that there can be no hope of disposing of current business with 
 the present force, much less of disj)osing of the business now in arreai's. 
 The mineral division is reported by the Commissioner to be about one 
 year in arrears. 
 
 It is a great hardship for the i)Cople wlio hn\'e jiaid for their farms 
 and mines to wait one or two years for the government to certify that 
 fact in such a way as to aiford them a perfect title. With a sufficient 
 force it is quite ))()ssible to issue ])atents to all entries within three or 
 four months. The clerical Unv.e in both the i)re-euiption and mineral 
 divisions ought to be largely iuiU'eased. 
 
 The CommissiotuM- recommends the repeal of the ])re-em[)tion acts, 
 and says : 
 
 A repeal of the pn-i iii|ii ion law would simplify the ]>nldic business, and bo in the 
 interest of public economy and good adndnlslration. Such i"ei)eal would, moreover, 
 remove one of the causes of fiuuds iu !an<l entries, which have approdcUed gr«at 
 Xttagoitude.
 
 572 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 The coirospoudouce of this oillce aiifl irportH fVoiii ollicoid and special a;j;«uits indi- 
 cate that a material i)roportiou ol" the pie-eiiijilion entries now made are fraudulent in 
 character, being chiefly placed upon vulualde timber or mineral lands or water-rights 
 and made in the interest and by the procunanent of others, and not for the jiurposeof 
 residence and improvement by the professed pre-emptor, 
 
 I fully agTee with the Commissioner in this reconinieiidation. The 
 pre-emption law, intended as a means of enaljling the citizen wishinj? to 
 make a home to do so cheaply and speedily, has been used largely to 
 aggregate large quantities of lands for the benefit of the si)eculator, and 
 not for those for whose benefit it was intended. 
 
 The Commissioner also calls attention to the necessity of a change in 
 the homestead law. He says : 
 
 It is a matter of serious question whether the time within which homestead par- 
 ties are allowed to commute their entries by the payment of cash, should not be 
 extended so as to require proof of actual residence, improvement, and cultivation, for 
 at least one year before such payment should be received. This extension of t4me would 
 be no longer than reasonably necessary to establish the gcrod faith of the parties, 
 and would be no hardship to bona fide settlers, while the opportunities and induce- 
 ment for fraudulent entry would diminish in proportion to the length of time for 
 which residence, improvement, and cultivation are required to be shown. 
 
 In this I concur. It will be useless to repeal the pre-emption laws if 
 the opportunity still exists to commit the same frauds under the cover 
 of the homestead law. If it is thought best to retain the pre-emption 
 laws, they should be so amended that the filing for pre-emi^tion should 
 precede the entry at least one year. 
 
 It should be the policy of the governaient to preserve the public lands 
 suitable for cultivation for the use of actual settlers, and this cannot be 
 done under existing laws. 
 
 The Commissioner asks for an additional force of one hundred clerks. 
 As the regular annual estimate is for a force only intended to dispose of 
 the current work, the great increase in the volume of public land dis- 
 posed of makes an increase of the force a necessity, without reference 
 to work now in arrears. He also recommends the creation of the office 
 of Assistant Commissioner, with a salary of $3,000, and that the salary 
 of the Commissioner be increased to $5,000. In this I concur. 
 
 The public lauds ought to be speedily surveyed. It is lawful for a 
 settler to go on the public lands in advance of the surveys, but it is 
 difficult for him to fix boundaries to his location made in advance of 
 the surveys. Conflicts arise between neighbors as to lines, and when 
 the surveys are made, not infrequently a whole neighborhood is thrown 
 into confusion, and much bitterness and strife created by the attempt 
 to adjust their location to the government surveys. There is but little, 
 if any, of the public land that will not be ultimately surveyed. The 
 necessity for surveys in the agricultural and i)astoral regions is not 
 greater than in the mineral regions of the high mountains. The miner 
 as well as the agriculturist finds it ditficult clearly and properly to 
 define and locate his claim in the absence of government surveys. 
 Liberal appropriations ought to be made for the stirvey of the uusur-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 573 
 
 veyed land of all kinds, a\ itb a proper classification of the same, showinj^ 
 whether they are timber, agricultural, pastoral, or mineral lauds. 
 
 PATENT OFFICE. 
 
 The report of the Commissioner of Patents shows an increase of busi- 
 ness over the year ending June 30, 1881. The number of applications 
 for patents was 27,622, an increase of 4,090 over that year. The num- 
 ber of applications for designs was 8o4: for reissues, 407; for registra- 
 tion of trade-marks, 737; for registration of labels, 442; and the num- 
 ber of caveats filed was 2,455. The number of i)atents granted, includ- 
 ing reissues and designs, was 17,713; of trade-marks registered 1,07'j; 
 of labels registered, 223. There were 1,637 patents withheld for non- 
 payment of fees, and 5,123 i)atents expired. 
 
 The total receipts of the office were $930,864.14, an increase of 
 $140,968.62 over the last preceding year. 
 
 The total expenditures of the office, not including printing, were 
 8011,71 9.50. 
 
 The Commissioner reports that, owing to the failure of Congress to 
 make an appropriation to continue the work of abridging patents, that 
 work was discontinued on the 1st of August. In order that so mnc-li 
 of the work as has been completed up to that date may be published 
 and made available, and in order also that the work may be continued, 
 he expresses a hope that Congress will make an appropriation for that 
 purpose. Up to the Ist of August nearly all the i)atents issued under 
 the class of agricultural implements had been abridged, and it is espec- 
 ially desired that the office bo enabled to make this abridgment pub- 
 lic. The necessity for a prosecution of the abridgment has been en. 
 larged upon in former reports, aud need not be recurred to here in de- 
 tail. It is sufficient to say that for lack of it an almost incalculable 
 amount of valuable time is wasted in examining applications and com- 
 paring them with devices already patented in order to determine 
 whether they can be granted. With a completed abridgment this time 
 would be saved, and while a less numl>er of examiners would bo re- 
 quired, greater certainty in examination would be secured. Tin* advan- 
 tage, furthermore, to inventors and to purchasers of patents would be 
 so obvious that it need not be more than referred to here. 
 
 The large and steady increase in the business of the Patent Office 
 forces the Commissioner to ask tliat 8tei)s be taken to increase the 
 accommodations. At ])resent the force, is so cramped for room that 
 business is seriously retarded. 
 
 The Commissioner suggests that legislation is necessary to enable 
 him more readily and certainly to carry out the provisions of sections 
 4886 and 1SS7 of the Revised Statutes, relating to the use or sale of 
 inventions ])rior to the ai)plicati(>n for jiatent. and the limitatioh of 
 American ])atents by the terms of patents issued to foreign countries. 
 Some provision should bo made whereby, at the request of the Com-
 
 574 • REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 missioner, or of a party in interest, a siibpama conUl l>e issued hr in 
 contested cases (section 400G, Revised Statutes), to compel the attend- 
 ance of witnesses to testify as to the use or sale of an invention for 
 which an a]iplication for a patent is pending. 
 
 The number of years for which patents are granted abroad varie^in 
 various countries, and in nearly all are affected by conditions, the ful- 
 fillment or nonfulfillment of which cannot possibly be known to this 
 office; notwithstanding which fact inventions patented abroad are only 
 patentable here for terms concurrent with the valid duration of the for- 
 eign patents. Much confusion naturally arises out of this condition of 
 things ; but its most serious effect is felt by innocent purchasers of pat- 
 ents which have lapsed or may lapse with the termination of a foreign 
 right of which they have no knowledge. The Commissioner in this 
 view suggests that legislation be had to fix a definite term for patents 
 upon articles or devices that have first been patented in foreign coun- 
 tries ; and considering the fact that the terms for which patents may 
 be granted in foreign countries are shorter than those for which they 
 may be originally granted in this country, he suggests that twelve 
 years w^ould be a proper term for patents where the invention has first 
 been patented, or a patent applied for, in a foreign country. The diffi- 
 culty now experienced in office practice would thus be removed, and a 
 necessary certainty obtained.* 
 
 Application was recently made for the registration of a label, which 
 was rejected by the examiner because it was not a label, but a trade- 
 mark. Thereupon a mandamus was sued out against the Commissioner 
 to compel him to register what the applicant claimed to be a label. 
 The supreme court of the District of Columbia held that the Commis- 
 sioner of Patents has no discretion in the registration of labels. If aur 
 applicant comes with a trade-mark, calls it a label, and asks for its reg- 
 istration, and pays the fee required by law for the registration of a label, 
 it is the duty of the Commissioner to cause it to be registered. The fee 
 prescribed by law for registering labels is $6; for trade-marks $25. 
 The difference in the revenue of the office will be considerable if par- 
 ties are permitted to register as labels what in fact are trade-marks. If 
 the decision of the court is to be followed, legislation should be had 
 which will remove every doubt in relation to such registration. 
 
 OFFICE OF COMMISSIONER OF RAILROADS. 
 
 The report of the Commissioner of Railroads, herewith presented, 
 gives the operations of that office during the fiscal year ending June 
 30, 1882. 
 
 Extensive trips for theiuspectionof the property and accounts of the 
 subsidized roads have been made by officers of that bureau, and the 
 Commissioner expresses gratification in observing a decided improve- 
 ment in the construction and operation of the roads and a manifest 
 healthy growth of business.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 575 
 
 Proper facilities for intelligent and comprehensive examination of the 
 various properties of the several roads were freely granted. The books 
 and accounts of the comi)anies have been checked and examined and 
 stetements of the five and twenty-five per centum of ascertained " net 
 earnings " have been made. 
 
 Statements are submitted showing in detail the indebtedness of the 
 several companies to the United States, and their general financial con- 
 dition. With the exception of a few of tlie minor roads, Ik; regards the 
 United States as secure in the ultimate payment of both principal and 
 interest of the loans advanced. 
 
 CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILROAD COIMPANY. 
 
 The property and accounts of this company have been carefully and 
 fully examined. Every facility was accorded to render such examina- 
 tion thorough and complete. 
 
 There has been a marked increase in business and a decided improve- 
 ment in the general line of the road. The equipment in engines, cars, 
 and other facilities has been greatly increased. 
 
 The most noticeable improvement is at the Oakland terminus, where 
 a commodious i)assenger depot has been constructed at the extreme end 
 of the Oakland Pier in the Bay of San Francisco. The pier is of rock 
 and earth-work, extending into the bay more than one and a quarter 
 miles, upon which are four parallel tracks. The building has a total 
 length of 1,050 feet, covering an area of more than four acres, and has 
 ten tracks running through tis entire length. At the present time there 
 are one hundred and twenty-eight passenger trains running in and out 
 daily. The building has all modern improvements, and is so constructed 
 as to receive passengers from the ferry-boats from both the lower and 
 upper decks at the same time, and is jwlmirably adapted lor liandling 
 expe<litiously an immense i)assengcrtrailic. 
 
 Within the year, 106 miles of steel rail have been substituted for iron 
 and .'30,000 tons morehave been i>urchased. It is expected that within 
 the present year the entire road will be relaid with steel. 
 
 The company has at all times prom[»tly complied with all tlie demands 
 of this office, both in rendering tlie regnlar returns and in the i)ayment 
 of whatever balance, under the act of ]\Iay 7, 187S, has been ascertained 
 to be due from them. 
 
 The following statement is made from the reports furnished by the 
 company as to its con<lition on the 30th of June, 1882 : Number of 
 miles subsidized, SOO.CUJ; number of miles o\vne<l, l,'J0t.47; nnmlier of 
 miles leased, 1,831.88; average number of miles operated during theyear,' 
 2,866.08; stock issued, $59,275,500; i)ar value, $100; subsiily bonds 
 outstanding, 827,855,080; Oinded debt, less sinking funds, i?l!),2.5S,on().8;i; 
 lloatiug debt, $0,633,988. 14 ; interest accrued on subsidy bonds, $23,419,-
 
 576 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 463.41 ; interest accrued, but not due, on funded debt, 81,352,655 ; total 
 debt, $111,540,877.38; capital stock and debt, 8170,825,377.38; cost of 
 road, $137,763,153.00; cost of equipment, 88,224,145.38; real estate, 
 $2,687,362.69; total cost of road and equipment,* $148,674,661.76. Casli, 
 materials, and sinking funds, $6,203,340.05 ; bonds and stocks, $245,- 
 416.70; miscellaneous investments, $1,576,664.93; U. S. sinking fund 
 and transportation accounts, $7,170,129.38; bills and accounts receiva- 
 ble, $4,161,737.72; land sales, $1,471,802.82; total, $169,503,752.36. 
 
 The earnings for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, are reported an 
 foUows: Passenger, $7,151,283.71; freight, $16,563,043.85; U. S. mail, 
 $450,018.17; miscellaneous, $1,195,800.35; total, $25,360,146.11. Oper- 
 ating expenses and rentals, $10,042,411.74; ordinary net earnings, 
 $9,317,734.37. Interest paid, $3,530,288.77 ; dividends paid, $3,556,530. 
 The gross earnings for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1881, were $22,- 
 893,344.57; for 1882, $25,360,146.11, showing an increase of $2,466,.S01.52. 
 
 The books and accounts of the company, in San Francisco, show that 
 under the act of May 7, 1878, the " twenty-five per cent." of net earnings 
 due the United States for the year ending December 31, 1881, amounted 
 to $1,038,935.24. The company rendered transi)ortatiou services for the 
 United States on aided and non-aided lines amounting to $950,785.33. 
 leaving balance due for the year of $79,149.91, a statement of which 
 was furnished this department on the 20th day of October, 1882, and on 
 the 23d the amount was promptly deposited with the Treasurer of the 
 United States. 
 
 This company has leased and operates the Southern Pacific Eailroad 
 of Galifornia, Arizona, and 'Sew Mexico. 
 
 UNION PACrPIO RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 A thorough and complete examination of the accounts and properties 
 of this company has been made, and a gratifying increase in the busi- 
 ness noted. The general line of the road has been greatly improved, 
 and the equipment in engines and cars fully up to the standard. Dur- 
 ing the past year over 16,000 tons of steel rails were substituted for 
 iron, and the company is still expending large sums for this purpose 
 with a view of having the entire main line laid with steel rails within 
 the year. 
 
 In order to meet the large demands made upon it for elevator facili- 
 ties, the company has constructed a handsome building at Council 
 Bluffs with the great capacity of 1,500,000 bushels. This elevator is 
 built upon the most a pproved x>lan, and is furnished with all the 
 modern improvements for receiving, storing, ari,d. delivering grain. 
 
 The following is a statement of the condition of the road on June 30, 
 1882. ■ 
 
 Number of miles subsidized with bonds and lands, 1,432.62; addi- 
 tional number of miles subsidized witli lands only, 351; leased to Cen-
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 577 
 
 tral Pacific, 5 miles; owned and operated during the year, 1,818.88; 
 miles. Stock issued, $00,808,500 ; par value, $100; subsidy bonds out- 
 standing, $33,.539,.jI2 ; funded debt, $82,555,053.75; floating debt, 
 $10,754,891.87; interest accrued on subsidy bonds, $29,074,812.78; in- 
 terest on funded debt, $2,049,000.74; dividends unpaid, $1,123,371.14; 
 total debt, $159,097,242.28; capital stock aud debt, $219,965,742.28. 
 Cost of road and equipment, $157,092,858.46; cash, material, and sink- 
 ing-funds, $6,301,033.93; land contracts, land, cash, &c., $6,448,827.92; 
 bonds and stocks owned, $38,616,287.66; miscellaneous investments, 
 $151,621.76; interest repaid United States by transportation services, 
 $6,871,519.56; bills and a<jcounts receivable, $2,761,500.48; due from 
 United States for transportation services, $8,578,930.55. 
 
 The earnings for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, are reported as 
 follows: Passenger, $5,195,526.77; freight, $16,772,155.48; United States 
 mail, $719,840.76; express, $700,038.31; miscellaneous, $701,06.5.83; 
 total, $24,094,627.15. Operating expenses, $12,069,792.55. Ordinarj- 
 neteaniings, $12,024,834.60. Interest paid, $5,280,411.52; dividends 
 paid, $4,258,026.50. The gross earnings for the fiscal year ending June 
 30,1881, were $22,765,752.08; for 1882, $24,094,627.15, showing an in- 
 crease of $1,328,875.07. 
 
 Under the act of May 7, 1878, the "twenty-five per centum" of net 
 oaEnings due the United States for the year ending December 31, 1881, 
 amounted to $1,826,294.98. The company rendered transportation serv- 
 ices over the aided and non-aided lines amounting to $1,162,949.65, which, 
 with $73,154.02 found due them on settlement of the five per centum of 
 net earnings of the Kansas division for the same period, aggregate the 
 sum of 81,236,103.67, leaving a balance due the United States in cash 
 of $590,191.31, a demand for payment of which haviug been made upon 
 the company on Juno 15, 1882. 
 
 In making this settlement, items for "new construction" and '-new 
 equipment," aggregating the sum of $1,409,817.27, were excluded, but 
 the company (jlaims that under a liberal construction of the act, and in 
 view of the decisions of the United States Supreme Court, these items 
 should bo deducted from gross earnings as being necessary " in oper- 
 ating the same and keeping the same in a state of repair." As large 
 sums are involved, and in order to settle the question definitely, the whole 
 matter will be referred to the Attorney-General for his opinion as to 
 what constitutes " net earnings" under the law. 
 
 CONDITION OF THE SINKING-FUND ACCOUNTS. 
 
 A detailed statement of the condition of the sinking funds of the 
 Union and Central Pacific Companies, held by the Treusurer of the 
 United States under the act of Congress approved May 7, 1876, accom- 
 panies the Commissioners rej)ort, from which it will be seen that on 
 June 30, 1882, these funds amounted to $2,716,221.68; the Central Pacific 
 having to its credit $1,534,614.26, and the Union Pacific $1,181,607.42. 
 37 Ab
 
 578 
 
 REPORT OF TH?: SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 Investments hare becu made by the Secretary of the Treasury as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 character of bonds. 
 
 Filndert loan of IPSI, 5 per cent 
 Fuudcd loan of 1007, 4 per cent 
 Currency sixes, 6 per cent 
 
 Pilricipal 
 
 Treminm paid 
 
 Total cost 
 
 tfnion Pacific. 
 
 .$2.56, 450 00 
 
 32, 6r,0 00 
 
 301, 000 00 
 
 (•.50, 100 00 
 124, 0C5 43 
 
 774, 165 43 
 
 Central Pacific. 
 
 $194,900 00 
 19'J, 100 00 
 444, 000 00 
 
 Total. 
 
 $451,3.50 00 
 231,750 00 
 805, 000 00 
 
 838. IJOO 00 1, 488, 100 00 
 168, 727 73 292, 793 16 
 
 1, 006, 727 73 1, 780, 893 16 
 
 The last investment was made April 6, 1881, at which time a pre- 
 mium as high as 35 per centum was paid, but repeated i)rotests have 
 been made by the companies against the heavy cost of these invest- 
 ments. 
 
 On June 30, 1882, the amounts remaining in the Treasury uninvested 
 were as follows: 
 
 Credit of the Central Pacific $527,886 53 
 
 Credit of the Union Pacific 407,441 99 
 
 Making a total of 935,328 52 
 
 on which the above companies are receiving no interest whatever. 
 
 In view of the fact that these companies are being charged with iu- 
 teriBst on their subsidy bonds at the rate of 6 per centum per annum, 
 that the investments made by tile Secretary of the Treasury yield only 
 about 3A per centum per annum, and at maturity of the bonds the large 
 pteuiiUms paid will be entirely lo^t to the bompanies, in simple justice 
 to tiiem, the Commissioner earnestly recorrimends that section 3 of the 
 act of May 7, 1878, be so amended as to authorize the Secretary of the 
 Treasury to invest the sinking-funds in the first-mortgage bonds of the 
 companies or such boiids as have beeu issued to them by the United 
 States, or in other good and suiSBcieut securities, and that the bonds 
 now held by the Treasurer of the United States in said sinkiiig-fuuds 
 be converted into money at the highest market rates, and reinvested in 
 like securities. 
 
 He submits, in the same ('oniiectiou, a suggestion that with the con- 
 sent of the companies, the debt be accurately ascertained as of some 
 conveuieiit day, say July 1, 1883; and that payment of the amount so 
 ascertained be exteii<led and divided into semiannual installments of 
 fixed amount, for which installments separate redemption bonds shall 
 b^ given. 
 
 The lien to remain the sauie. 
 
 NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 The rapidity with which construction has been progressing on both 
 eastern and western divisions of this railroad is without precedent in 
 the history of that company.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 01 THE INTERIOR. 579 
 
 During the year ending Jnne 30, 1882, 285 miles of track "svere laid 
 with American steel rails, of which 183 miles were laid from the east 
 and 102 miles from tlie west, leaving the two ends of track 572 miles 
 apart on June 30. which, at the ijresent rate of construction, will be 
 lessened about 300 miles by the close of this year. The final connec- 
 tion of the tracks is expected to be made in 1883. 
 
 An inspection of the entire road, as far as completed, has been made, 
 and the same found to be in good order. The work on track, buildings, 
 and bridges is being ably done and first class materials used. 
 
 For the year ending June 30, 1882, the company reports as follows: 
 Miles operated, 1,234; number of locomotives, 151; passenger cars, G8; 
 baggage, mail, and express, 29; freight and other cars, 5,438. Capital 
 stock, $100,00!),000, less $9,090,807.80 canceled=$90,900,132.20; funded 
 debt, $24,G1G,500; floating debt, $17,543,005.67; interest due and ac- 
 crued on funded debt, $061,670.74; total debt, $42,821,782.41; capital 
 stock and debt, $133,730,014.61. Cost of road, $122,581,020.16; cost of 
 equipment, $4,466,903.82; real estate, $363,698.26 ; total expenditures, 
 $127,411,622.24. Cash, materials, and sinking-funds, $6,558,061.22; 
 bonds and stocks, $2,236,235.10; miscellaneous investments, $763,480.04; 
 total, $9,577,776.36. 
 
 Earnings for fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, are as follows: Pas- 
 senger, $1,302,260.80; freight, $3,907,423.20; United States mail, 
 $52,306.56; miscellaneous, $166,315; total, $5,430,305.56; operating 
 expenses and rentals, $3,572,840.51; ordinary net earnings, $1,857,465.05. 
 Interest paid, $1,348,530.72. 
 
 CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE AND SAINT PAUL RAILEOAD COMPANY. 
 
 This company reports as follows for the year ending December 31, 
 1881: 
 
 Average number of miles operated during the year, 3,830; stock is- 
 sued, $34,805,744 ; par value, $100 ; funded debt, $79,059,000; floating 
 debt, $6,084,779.16; interest due and accrued on funded debt, $94,059.02; 
 total debt, $85,237,838.18; capital stock and debt, $120,043,582.18. Cost 
 of road and equipment, $120,073,629.09 ; cash, materials, and sinking- 
 funds, $1,583,961.02; bonds and stocks, $2,186,142.17; miscellaneous 
 investments, $1,792,855.95; total, $125,636,593.03. Earnings: passenger, 
 $3,938,988.77; freight, $11,884,795.53; United States mail, $37G,53(>.31; 
 miscellaneous, $536,646.29; total, $16,736,060.90. Oi)erating expenses 
 and rentals, $10,252,054.45 ; ordinary net earnings, $6,484,906.45. dum- 
 ber of locomotives, 527; number of iiassenger cars, 236; number of 
 baggage, mail, and express, ]:io; luimber of freight and other cars, 
 16,736. 
 
 SOUTHERN PACIFIC IIAILIIOAI) COMPANY. 
 
 For the calendar year ending December 31, 1881, this company reports 
 as follows : 
 Kumber of miles owned, 714.61; number of miles leased to the Central
 
 580 REr(^RT OF tht: secketauy of the interior. 
 
 Pacific, r)53.72 ; iiveragc iimribcr of miles ()j)er;it(i(l (Uii-iiig; the year, 
 100.81). Stock issued, ^o6,1G:\W0 : par value, si 00; funded debt, 
 $28,48:),000; floating debt, i$l,92G,3«7.45-, total debt, $30,409,307.45; 
 «'apital stock and debt, $07,1.73,207.45. Cost of road and fixtures, 
 $02,450,108.99; equipment, $1,848,503.04; real estate, $042,970.74; total 
 c«st of road and equipment, $04,947,583.37. Cash and materials, 
 $505,412.52; bonds and stocks, $425,000; miscellaneous investments, 
 $1,798,734.19; total, $2,729,140.71. Earnings : passenger, $475,443.00; 
 freight, $028,858.30; United States mail, $12,400.50; miscellaneous, 
 $1,091,912.80; total, $2,808,014.78. Operating expenses, $907,070.42 
 ordinary net earnings, $1,841,544.30. Interest paid, $1,723,050. 
 
 ATCHISON, TOPEKA AND SANTA EE RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 This company reports operations for the year ending December 31, 
 1881, as follows: 
 
 Miles owned, 470.58; miles leased, 1310.09 ; stock issued, $47,133,900; 
 increased during year, $22,242,900 ; par value, $100 ; funded debt, $20,- 
 510,000: floating debt, $7,202,874.40; total debt, $27,712,874.40; stock 
 and debt, $74,875,574.40. Cost of road and equipment, $25,404,020.37; 
 investments in other companies, $30,910,550 ; materials and cash on 
 hand, $3,021,943.53; other stocks and bonds, $3,577,703.25; miscella- 
 neous, $5,030,308.11. Passenger earnings, $2,971,144.08; freight earn- 
 ings, $9,087,045.95; miscellaneous, $502,277.54; total, $12,020,408.17. 
 Operating expenses, including taxes, rentals, &c., $8,110,040.99 ; net 
 earnings, $4,509,821.18. Interest paid, $1,041,403.33: dividends paid, 
 $1,841,020.50. Distribution of capital stock, $15,720,900 ; miscellaneous 
 expenditures, $107,897.09. 
 
 The company owns and leases 251 locomotives, 134 passenger cars, 00 
 baggage, mail, and express cars, and 8,796 freight cars. 
 
 JVIEMPHIS AND LITTLE ROCK RAILROAD COZtfPANY. 
 
 For the year ending June 30, 1882, this company reports as follows : 
 Xumber of miles of road, 133; stock, issued, $1,500,000: i>ar value, 
 $100; funded debt, $2,850,000; floating debt, $S2,.315.19; interest due 
 and accrued on funded debt, $121,310 ; total debt, $3,053,025.19 ; capital 
 stock and debt, $4,553,625.19. Cost of road and equipment, $4,921,- 
 210.01; cash and materials, $58,920.42; miscellaneous investments; 
 $40,554.18 ; total, $5,020,090.61. The earnings for the year are reported 
 as follows : Passenger, $323,182.35 ; freight, $280,819..54 ; United States 
 mail, $12,280.11 ; mi^scellaneous, $24,310.48 ; total, $040,593.98. Oj^erat ■ 
 ing expenses and rentals, $478,492.29; ordinary net earnings. $172,- 
 101.09. Interest paid, 4 to 8 per cent. 
 
 OREGON AND CALIFORNIA RAILROAD COJn'ANY. 
 
 The reports of this company show the length of road operated, De- 
 cember 31, 1881, as 331.233 miles; number of locomotives, 20; number
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Ol-' THE INTERIOR. 581 
 
 of piisseii^er cars, 13 ; number of baggage, mail, and express cars, 10 ; 
 number of freigbt and other ears, 483. Par value of shares, $100 ; stock 
 issued, 810,000,000: funded debt, $0,051,750; floatingdebt, $1,754,433.14; 
 total debt, 87,800,183.14 ; total stock and debt, $20,800,183.14. Cost of 
 road and fixtures, $13,020,912.01. Passenger earning*?, $254,511.60; 
 tTeight earnings, $472,049.09; miscellaneous earnings, $01,927.49 ; total 
 earnings, $788,488.18. Operating expenses, including taxes, $084,627.41; 
 net earnings, $103,860.77. 
 
 CENTRAL BRANCH TNIGN PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 This road with the leased lines controlled by it is operated as a divis- 
 ion of the Missouri Pacific liailway Companj', and from reports sub- 
 mitted to June 30, 1882, the following is derived: 
 
 Miles owned and subsidized, 100; miles leased, 287; stock issued, 
 $1,000,000; subsidy bonds, $1,600,000; interest on subsidy bonds, 
 $1,405,808.20. Passenger earnings for 100 miles, $111,580.11 ; freight 
 earnings for 100 miles, $309,003.50; miscellaneous earnings for 100 
 miles, $39,927.49; total, $453,111.10; operating expenses, $329,201.04; 
 ordinary net earnings, $123,910.06. 
 
 SIOUX CITY" AND PACIFIC RAILROAD COJIPANY. 
 
 The following statement has been compiled from returns made by this 
 company : 
 
 Miles of road owned, 107.42; miles of road subsidized, 101.77; miles 
 of road leased, "254.37; total miles operatetl, 361.79. 
 
 The earnings of the entire line for the year ending June 30, 1882, an- 
 as follows: Passengers, $223,281.96; freight, $490,894.21 ; miscellaneous, 
 $39,279.56; total, $753,455.73. Operating expenses, $715,738.07; net 
 earnings, $37,717.66. The liabilities and assets are as follows to June 
 30,1882: Stock issued, $2,068,400; subsidy bonds, $1,628,320; inter- 
 est on subsidy bonds, $1,366,598.29; first-mortgage bonds, $1,628,(X)0; 
 interest on same, $118,020; miscellaneous indebtedness, $954,050.21; 
 total stock and debt, $7,763,388.50. Cost of road and e<]uipment, 
 $5,426,059.18; material on hand, $103,692.22; cash on hand, $18,016.23; 
 miscellaneous investments, 8506,200; accounts receivable, $240,850.07; 
 total assets, $0,295,420.70; deficit, $1,407,907.80. 
 
 The " net earnings" of the subsidized portion of this road for the two 
 fiscal years ending, respectively, on June 30, 1881, and J uue 30, 1882, as 
 ascertained from the general books at Cedar ]?apids, Iowa, were as fol- 
 lows: Year ending June 30, 1881, $138,280.49; year ending June 30, 1882, 
 815,248. The annual interest on the firat-mortgago bonds having a 
 prior lieu to those of the government, amounts to $97,680. 
 
 The Commissioner's report is accompanied by appendixes and tables 
 containing compilations in reference to matters bearing upon bonded 
 and land-grant companies, the laws affecting them, their financial con-
 
 582 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 
 
 ditioi), present indebtedness to tlic Uniled States, eainings, expenses, 
 operations, construction, and otlier nuitters of general interest. His 
 mift-gestion Uml tlic act of May 7, 1S78, entitled '-An act to aid in tin- 
 construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri River to 
 the Pacific Ocean, &c.," be so amended as to embrace the subsidized 
 portion of the Kansas d i vision of Union Pacific liailway (formerly known 
 as the Kansas raciOc Eaihvay), the Central Branch Union Paciiic, and 
 the Sioux City and Pacific liailroads within the oijerations of said act 
 requiring the establishment of sinking funds and an annual payment of 
 25 per cent, of net earnings, is respectfully recommended for legislative 
 action. 
 
 TAXATION OF KAILROAD LANDS. 
 
 TIk' acts of Congress of 1862 and 1864, "To aid in the coustwic- 
 tion of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri Eiver to the Pa- 
 cific Ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for 
 postal, military, and other i)urposes," made grants of land to the several 
 roads therein mentioned to an amount estimated in gross at some 
 30,000,000 acres. 
 
 Section 21 of the act of 1864 (13 Stat., 365) provided that before any 
 land granted as aforesaid should be conveyed to any company or party 
 entitled thereto — 
 
 There sliall first be paid into tlie Treasury of the United States the costs of survey- 
 ing, selecting, and conveying the same by the said company or party in interest, as 
 the title shall be required by said company, which amount shall, -^-ithout any 
 further appropriation, stand to the credit of the proper account, to be used by the 
 Commissioner of the General Land Office for the prosecution of the survey of the pub- 
 lic lands along the line of said road, and so on, from year to year, until the -whole shall 
 be completed. 
 
 It was the contemplation of the law that the companies should pay 
 the costs of surveying, &c., and that the amount so paid in one year or 
 at one time should be applied to surveying additional lands along the 
 line of the road, which in their turn should be selected, and the expenses 
 of survey, &c., paid by the companies, and that this money so paid 
 should be applied to further surveys, and so on, until all thelands granted 
 to said companies should be conveyed to them, respectively. 
 
 Surveys have been made in part only of the lauds embraced in these 
 grants, and a portion only of the land accruing to the several railroad 
 companies has been selected by and patented to them. The Union Pa- 
 cific Eailroad Company, for example, the grant to which is estimated at 
 some 12,000,000 acres, has received patents for less than 2,000,000 
 acres; the Central Pacific, with an estimated grant of 8,000,000 acres, has 
 received title to less than 1,000,000 acres ; the grant to the Western Pa- 
 cific, estimated to embrace 1,000,000 acres, has been satisfied by patents to 
 the extent of about one-half that amount ; the Kansas Pacific, estimated 
 to be entitled to about 4,000,000 acres, all of which has been surveyed, 
 has received patents for about 1,000,000 acres; the Denver Pacific, es-
 
 BEPOBT OP THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 583 
 
 timated to be entitled to about 1,000,000 acres, has received patents for 
 about 50,000 acres. 
 
 The failure of the bcueliciaries of these grants to obtain patents as 
 provided by law for lauds to which they are entitled, is a matter of seri- 
 ous complaint by citizens and by State and municipal autliorities in the 
 States and Territories through which the roads pass. 
 
 Until patents issue to the companies or their assigns, the legal title 
 to the granted lands remains in the United States. Such lands are, 
 therefore, not subject to taxation by State, Territorial, or municipal 
 authoritj'. The companies permit these large bodies of land to rest in 
 this situation, and groAv valuable by the lapse of time and the settle- 
 ment of the country, thus obtaining all the advantages of public pro- 
 tection and enhancement of values, without contributing to the mainte- 
 nance of the public authority or of the common institutions of muoicipal 
 organization by the aid of which such enhanced values may be secured. 
 
 In other words, all the burden of maintaining the local civil estab- 
 lishments of the country are thrown upon the legal owners of a moiety 
 of the lands embraced within the limits of railroad grants, while the 
 equitable owners of the other half are exempt from such burdens, 
 although receiving the resultant benefits. 
 
 The refusal or neglect of the railroad companies to obtain title to 
 their lands has further the effect to retard the progress of the public 
 surveys. Congress having provided a method by which the costs of 
 surveying the public lands on the lines of these particular roads shall 
 be reimbursed by the companies to the proportionate extent of the cost 
 of surveying the railroad lands, and the general approi)riations being 
 otherwise inadequate to the survey of such lands, the failure of the 
 companies to jiay their proportion prevents additional surveys from 
 being made, to the disadvantage of the United States in the adminis- 
 tration of its public-land system, and to the great inconvenience of set- 
 tlers whose legitimate claims become jeopardized by uncertainties and 
 contests arising from such condition. 
 
 It is strongly, and 1 think justly, urged that the refusal or neglect of 
 the companies to select their lands within a reasonable period of time 
 is not warranted by the terms or spirit of the granting acts, the inteiul- 
 mentof which is shown by the proviso to the third section of the act of 
 18G2 (12 Stats., 492) to have been that the granted lands should not be 
 locked up and unreasonably kept out of market by the beneficiaries of 
 the grant. 
 
 The several roads, the grants for which were nmde by the acts above 
 cited, and the corjjorations controlling which are now in default in the 
 matter of selecting granted lands and i)aying the eosts of survey, &<•., 
 have been completed lor about twelve years, a period of time far beyonjl 
 the contemi)lati()n of the statutes as the period within which .such selec- 
 tion and payment should have been made. 
 
 A bill was introduced in the House of Representatives at the last
 
 584 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 Bcssioii of Coiiffross intondod to provide for coiii])elliiii? the Kunsas Pa- 
 cific liailroad Coirii)any to ])ay the costs of Kurveyiii^, selecting, and con- 
 voying its grantiMl lands, and in case of the failnre of the couipanj^ to 
 \niy such costs and accept ])atents, to provide for the delivery of patents 
 for entitled hinds upon notice to the company, and for the recovery of 
 said costs by judicial process. 
 
 I think that some sufficient measure which will require all the cor- 
 porations in default as above mentioned to pronii)tly comply with the 
 statutory provision in question, and which will enable these grants to 
 be speedily and completely adjusted by this department, is demanded 
 in the general interests of the country, as well as by public sentiment 
 and interest in the States and Territoifies specially affected, and I re- 
 spectfully recommend appropriate action by Congress to this end. 
 
 RAILROAD LAND-GRANTS. 
 
 Congress has from time to time, commencing in 1850, made giants to 
 the several States or to corporations to aid in the construction of rail- 
 roads. In some instances the roads have been constructed, and in 
 others partially completed; but in some cases no attempt has been 
 made to build the roads and thus secure a title to the land. The 
 lands thus granted have been withheld from the operation of the 
 settlement laws. The Supreme Court of the United States has declared, 
 in the case of Schulenberg vs. Harriman, 21 Wallace, 44, that a failure 
 to complete the road within the time fixed in the grant did not forfeit 
 the grant. Lands thus withheld from the operation of the settlement 
 laws must so remain until Congress shall declare such lands forfeited. 
 If it is the intention of Congress to allow the railroad companies to com- 
 plete their roads after the expiration of the term fixed in the grant, and 
 thus claim the benefit of the grant, it should be so declared at an early 
 day. Large tracts of land are not available for settlement because the 
 settler cannot determine whether the title is in the govdrnmenrt or in 
 the railroad company. If he purchase from the railroad company and it 
 fails to complete its road and secure the title, he takes nothing by such 
 purchase, and he cannot secure the land under the settlement laws, for 
 the department is not authorized to treat such lands as public land. 
 Besides this, the even sections within the limits of the grants ai'e sub- 
 ject to cash entry at not less than $2.50 per acre. Thus the settler is 
 sometimes compelled to pay a double price for the privilege of owning 
 lands near a railroad which is never constructed. 
 
 Doubtless in some cases, the companies ha\iug in good faith attempted 
 to build within the time fixed, a forfeiture would be a great hardship, 
 and might be unjust, but in every case where no efibrt was made to 
 construct any portion of the road until the expiration of the time fixed, 
 the grant ought to be declared forfeited and the land so withheld from 
 the operation of the settlement laws declared public laud.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 585 
 
 PENSIONS. 
 
 There were, at tlie close of the fiscal year June 30, 1882, 285,G07 pen- 
 sioners, classified as follows: Army invalids, 173,lo8; army widows, mi- 
 norcliildren, and dei)eudent relatives, 70,448; Navy invalids, 2,3G1 ; Navy 
 widows, minor children, and dependent relatives, 1,9.j3; survivors of the 
 war of 1812, 7,134; and widows of those who served in that war, 24,GG1. 
 
 There were added to the roll during the year the names of 27,CG4 new 
 pensioners, and the names of G49 whose ])eu8ions had previously been 
 dropped were restored to the rolls, making an aggregate increase to the 
 roll of 28,313. 
 
 The names of 11,44G pensioners were dropped from the rolls for vari- 
 ous causes, leaving a net increase for the year of 1G,8G7 pensioners. 
 
 At the close of the year the annual i)eusion to each pensioner aver- 
 aged $102.70, and the aggregate annual value of the whole roll was 
 $29,341,101.G2. 
 
 The annual payment of pensions exceeds the annual value by sever.il 
 millions of dollars, /. e., the total amount paid for i)ensions during the 
 year, exclusive of the arrears due in such pensions as were allowed prior 
 to January 25, 1879, was $53,924,5GG.20, the ditterence between this sum 
 and the annual value being the arrears due in new pensions, computed 
 from the date of discharge in the case of an invalid soldier, and from the 
 death of the soldier where pension was allowed to the widow or others- 
 
 The amount paid during the year upon first payment to new pension- 
 ers is 5*2G,421,G(j9.19, and this amount was paid to 27,703 pensioners. 
 
 Complete details of these statements will be found arranged and class- 
 ified in Table No. 1 of the Commissioner's report, while Table 2 will 
 show the various causes for which the names of 11,44G pensioners were 
 dro])ped from the roll, as well as an analysis of the "widow's'' roll, show- 
 ing the number of widows who are pensioned with minor children, the 
 number without, the number of minor children in their own right, an<l 
 the dependent mothers and fathers. 
 
 Tabh' No. 3 gives the amount appropriated under the several appro- 
 ])riation items, and the disbursements under (!ach. 
 
 Very interesting details of the operation of the Bureau are set forth 
 by the Commissioner, covering the ])eriods since ISGl, which are arranged 
 lor comjjarison by each year, and possess an interest to all. In Table "> 
 will be found a statement showing the number of pension claims filed 
 and allowed since 18G1, and the disbursements on account of pensions 
 since 18(12, e. //., the total number of claims filed during tlie period is 
 837,301, and the nund)er allowed is 472,770, and the disbursenjcnts ag- 
 gregatethesum of 8.">00,04 1,324.75. Included in this sum is $25,234,232.85 
 ])aid to pensioners for and on account of service during the war of 1812, 
 which was lirst provided for V)y the act of Febiiiary 14, 1871. 
 
 A reference to Table G, of the Commissioners report shows 290,900 
 claims for iiensious i>e,iiding, and 75,208 on the rejected files of the
 
 586 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 ofiice. The arrangement in tbis exhibit shows the number of claims 
 jfiled during the yeai- (75,087), the numbers admitted and lejected, and 
 the number actually pending at the close of the year of each of the 
 twelve different classes of claimants and pensioners. 
 
 The operations of the special-examination system, substituted by Con- 
 gress on the recommendation of the Commissioner, for the "special 
 service" provided by section. 4744 of the Kevised Statutes, appears to 
 have given great satisfaction and been fruitful in good results. This 
 new system does away with the ex parte, formerly in use, so that the 
 claimant is afforded the opportunity to face the witnesses, and to appear 
 in person or by counsel in the examination of his case. 
 
 The expenses incurred in this service amount to $88,275.23, while 
 the gross savings to the government was $645,183.98. Besides this the 
 sum of $01,889.88 represents one year's pension as a future saving in 
 the cases of those whose names were dropped from the roll ; the cases 
 of those whose pension was disallowed, and the reductions in the rates 
 of pension. 
 
 A reference to Table 7 of the Commissioner's report will show the fur- 
 ther operations of this service, including the criminal prosecutions, &c. 
 
 BTJEEAU OF EDUCATION. 
 
 The Commissioner of Education reports that during the year his 
 office has received nearly 43,200 communications and 5,000 documents, 
 many of great value, and that more than 17,000 communications and 
 210,000 documents were sent out, showing a great increase of the busi- 
 ness of the ofiice in all its forms. The library of the office contains 
 about 15,000 boohs and 34,000 pamphlets, besides duplicates suitable 
 for exchange ; parts of the card-catalogue will soon be put to press. 
 The pedagogical museum has received valuable contributions from Eu- 
 rope and Japan, and, though incomplete, already supplements the library 
 in suggesting to teachers and scho(Jl ofiicers imi^rovemeuts in methods, 
 conditions, and appliances of education. 
 
 The Commissioner, reviewing the progress of education during the 
 year, observes that the thought of the country has been directed spe- 
 cially to defects and insufficiencies in means and methods, and to the 
 character of the reforms and remedies needed. He notes an increase in 
 the length and number of teachers' institutes in the South. Greater 
 attention has been given to vacation schools of philosophy, science, and 
 letters, indicating a desire for more thorough treatment of questions re- 
 lating to man and his environment and the applications of the conclusions 
 to personal conduct and public affairs. The taste for reading has been 
 imi>roved by reading circles and the efforts of librarians; the library 
 report and other publications of the office on library administration 
 have been in special demand. The visit of the Commissioner to the 
 Pacific coast has been followed by a great increase of correspondence 
 and of documents sent j school-houses have been erected on improved
 
 BEPOBT OP THE SECRETABY OF THE INTESIOE. 587 
 
 plans supplied by the office 5 supervision has become more efficient, 
 and school-lauds have been better guarded. Oue Territory has required 
 cities to act as single school districts, and graded schools are the re- 
 sult. All advances in these pioneer regions in the education of the 
 whites react favorably on the subject of Indian education. The Com- 
 missioner notes the neglect of education in New Mexico, and the total 
 absence of public provision for it in Alaska, and calls attention to the 
 supreme power of Congress over the Territories, renewing his recom- 
 mendation for the appointment of their suiierintendents of instruction 
 by the President. {Special attention has been directed to the lack of 
 school-sittijigs in cities, the non-attendance of children and their ex- 
 posure to the evils of pauperism and crime; many forms of industrial 
 training for boys and girls have been devised by private charities, and 
 sewing has been taught successfully to girls in the public schools of 
 Boston. The " Colleges of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts" are lead- 
 ing in the solution of the problems of industrial training, and private 
 foundations for the same purpose are increasing. 
 
 Great efforts are made by the professions and by professional men to 
 advance the standard of admission to the practice of law, medicine, en- 
 gineering, chemistry, and pharmacy. Physical education, care of eye- 
 sight and hearing, proper supi)ly of good air and light, prevention of 
 the dissemination of contagious and infectious diseases in public schools, 
 have never been more considered. The imjDrovement in methods of 
 instruction seeks to avoid cramming and to promote sound mental 
 growth in healthy bodies. 
 
 The vigor of growing educational sentiment has shown itself in ad- 
 vanced legislation. One State has abolished the di'strict and adoi)ted 
 the town system ; several have made additional provisions for colored 
 education. The appalling illiteracy in the States where slavery lias been 
 lately abolished remains; their educational facilities are entiiely in- 
 adequate. 
 
 The most important proposition with reference to elementary educa- 
 tion now before the American people is the appeal for national aid. 
 The necessity for immediate relief is urged upon Congress by State 
 legislatures and governors, by municipal officers, by school oflicers of 
 States and counties, and by religious and benevolent associations that 
 have contributed men and money without stint to the cause which they 
 advocate. The Commissioner urges the prompt action of Congress in 
 such way as the wisdom of that body may devise, 
 
 I wish to emphasize the recommendation of the Commissioner as to 
 the propriety and necessity of speedy temporary aid by the Federal 
 Government to education. I believe that it is the primary duty of States 
 to supply free public schools for the children in their borders, and that 
 much should be sacrificed and endured by these communities for this 
 purpose; but I know that circumstances often render the performance 
 of this duty impossible, and I am now, as heretofore, an advocate of the
 
 588 KEPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 doctrine that the nation has dnties to peil'orni in this regard as well as 
 powers to exercise. The local sentiment in favor of education is so strong 
 that the action reqnired froni the general government is simply to make 
 and disburse suitable a])i)r()priations so as to encourage and stimulate 
 the States that are least able to carry ou the work for themselves. It 
 seems reasonable and generally agreed upon that such moneys should 
 be apportioned on the amount of illiteracy as shown in the last Federal 
 census, and that it should continue for some years, so that the children 
 now growing up without any opportunity' for school privileges may be 
 supplied before passing beyond their non-age into ignorant manhood 
 and womanhood. If efficient public schools can be maintained for ten 
 or fifteen years in the States, there will be no danger of their abandon- 
 ment. An educated community will demand, and Mill in some way 
 obtain, suitable educational facilities for all classes of children within 
 its borders ; but an ignorant community neither knows nor believes in 
 their education ; it has not thought; it sufl"ers daily and hourly by evils, 
 social, commercial, and moral, for which it has no remedy and from 
 which it has uo refuge. The occasion and the duty are now pressing 
 on Congress for attention. 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY. 
 
 The report of the Director of the Geological Survey exhibits important 
 progress in that branch of the public service. Ou its organization at 
 the beginning of the fiscal year of 1879'-80, the unpublished material 
 of the United States Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Eegion 
 was transferred tq the new organization. During the first year of the 
 existence of the Geological Survey, and the major part of the second 
 year, active operations were carried on in the field, and much work done, 
 but no iiublication made. Hence, at the beginning of the past fiscal 
 year, a large body of scieirtific material relating to geology and geography 
 and cognate subjects had been collected. 
 
 Under these circumstances it was thought best not to continue the 
 work in the field in the same elaborate manner as before, but to give 
 more especial attention to the work in the office and laboratory neces- 
 sary for the publication of the large amount of scientific matter on hand. 
 This office and laboratory work consisted of the identification, classifi- 
 cation, and description of fossils; the chemical and microscopic examin- 
 ation of rocks, minerals, ai\d ores ; the construction of geological sec- 
 tions; the preparation of charts, diagrams, and other illustrations ; and 
 the preparation of reports on the various subjects which had occupied 
 the attention of the scientific men of the Survey. 
 
 Experiments have been prosecuted for the pur^jose of determiniug 
 with greater accuracy certain physical constants of rocks relating to the 
 phenomena of fusion, considered with reference to variation of pres- 
 sure; the phenomena of elasticity and viscosity as affected by tempera- 
 ture and pressure; and the iihenomena of heat conductivity under
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOU. 589 
 
 similar circumstances. Tliese experiments on rocks have been under 
 the management of the former director, Mr, Chiience King. 
 
 Another corps of the Survey has been engaged in n)aking an exami- 
 nation of the structural geology of the Eureka nnning district of Ne- 
 vada. The work has been ehietly in the office and laboratory. Under 
 this same division an examination of the volcanic rocks of the Great 
 Basin and of Mount Shasta, ]\[ount Hood, and Mount Kainier has been 
 made. 
 
 Another department of the work has been the study of the geologic 
 feature of certain lake basins in Utah, Nevada, and California. The 
 lakes themselves are now extinct, except certain fragments which re- 
 main, as Great Salt Lake, Pyramid Lake, and other smaller bodies of 
 water, but in a former time they occupied large areas of country. 
 Their history can bo studied in the geologic changes which they ef- 
 fected, and an important part of the study of their history is.the study 
 of Quaternary climate. This leads to the study of the climate of the 
 arid portion of the United States. The greater part of the work has 
 been in the office and laboratory, but small parties have been employed 
 in the field. 
 
 Another field of investigation has been the study of the Glacial for- 
 mations extending from the Atlantic coast to the middle portion of the 
 Great Plains, but found only in the northern latitudes of the L'nited 
 States. Field parties have been engaged in the northwestern portion 
 of the country and in connecting that work with what has already been 
 done by State geologists and other persons in the eastern portion of 
 the United States. This investigation also is a research relating to 
 Quaternary climate and complements that previously mentioned. Jt is 
 also an investigation of the character and origin of the present topo- 
 gi-aphic features of the area involved. Much of this work also lias been 
 in the office and laboratory. 
 
 A division of the Survey has been engaged in investigations relating 
 to the economic geology of Ten-Mile District, Summit County, Colorado. 
 Anotlier field of investigation has been entered at Golden, including the 
 Imsaltic mesas oi'that region, which is to lie ('xpandod so as to extend 
 over the entire Denver coal basin. The geologists in charge; of this work 
 in Colorado have spent a large portion of their time in the offic«* and 
 laboratory preparing the report on th(! Lcadville District. 
 
 In Nevada th<* Eureka District has l>een carelYilly sur\eyrd and the 
 field work is nearly comj>leted. The officers of this division during 
 much (if the fiscal year have been engaged in office and laboratory in 
 vestigations necessary to the preparation of the report on the Comstock 
 Lode and Washoe District. 
 
 All of the investigations in economic geology will hav*- a practical 
 value in determining tlie cliaracteristics of ore dei)osits, and Avill ad- 
 vance mining industries by pointing out the best methods of sys- 
 tematic development.
 
 590 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 Early in the fiscal year j[?eoj?raphic work was commencerl in New 
 Mexico and Arizona. A base line was measured at Fort Wingate, a 
 system of triangulation expanded therefrom over the adjacent country, 
 and the topo8Tai)hy of the region mapped. This field connects on the 
 east, north, and west with areas previously surveyed by i)arties under 
 the direction of the Department of the Interior and the War Depart- 
 ment. The geographic survey is preliminary to a geological examina- 
 tion of the country. 
 
 During the year the Survey has been engaged in compiling and dis- 
 cussing the statistics relating to the mines and mining industries of the 
 United States collected by the tenth census. The facts and statistics 
 relate to the geographic and geologic distribution of mines and the 
 relation of mining districts to mountain systems, the nature of ores, 
 gangue-minerals, inclosing rocks, and the character of ore deposits, in 
 addition to statistics of production, capital stocfk, plant, assessments, 
 dividends, market value, &c.,the methods employed in mining, milling, 
 smelting, &c., and the labor, power, and material supplies consumed in 
 mining. 
 
 Altogether the work of the Survey has been wisely planned and 
 vigorously prosecuted. 
 
 PEOGRESS OF THE CENSUS. 
 
 The compilation of the returns of the tenth ceasus and the prepara- 
 tion of the extended report thereupon rapidly approach completion. 
 
 The degree of progress attained may be shown by a comparison with 
 the report upon the census of 1870. That report, in three quarto vol- 
 umes, contained in the aggTegate 2,403 pages, text and tabular matter, 
 of which 2,212 pages were s'olid statistical tables. The subjects which 
 were treated on 2,036 of these pages have been completely covered in the 
 present census by tables which have already been prepared, and are either 
 now in type or are ready for the printer. 
 
 These tables are in no instance less extended, but, on the contrary, 
 are in most cases more complete and elaborate than were the corre- 
 sponding tables in the report of 1870, and will occupy 3,000 or more pages, 
 instead of 2,036, as in 1870. 
 
 The preparation of tables to cover the ground of the remaining 176 
 pages of the report of 1870, is, to say the least, not less than half com- 
 pleted, and will now be expedited by concentration of the clerical force, 
 which is made possible by the completion of other branches of work. 
 
 Of the thirty-two chief special agents who have conducted special 
 investigations, sixteen have concluded their work ; have either trans- 
 mitted their reports to the Census Office or hold them in their own 
 hands, practically complete. Eleven others have nearly completed their 
 investigations, and will submit their reports more rapidly than they can 
 receive the office revision and be carried through the press, while the
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 591 
 
 rfiiiMiiiiiij? tivc have made satisfactory progi-ess, having their material 
 now all in Innid and tlie writing of their rejwrts well advanced. 
 
 Congress at its last session provided for printing the extended re- 
 l)orts, to be comprised in some 15,000 pages, quarto, in volumes of 800 
 to 1,(K)() pages each, and also a compendium or abridgment in a single 
 octavo volume. It had originally been proposed by the Census Ollice 
 to issue a compendium in two volumes, the first volume to issue in June 
 or July last, and the remaining one after the completion of the quarto 
 report. This ])]an was changed near the close of the session, at the re- 
 quest of the Senate Committee on Printing and the Ilouse Commit- 
 tee on Appropriations, and the Census Office undertook to prepare for 
 issue during the current autumn a compendium iu one volume which 
 should contain a sunnnary of so much of the statistics of the census as 
 could be got ready in that time. The tables, consequently, for such a 
 volume have been prepared and are being put in tyi)e and stereotyped 
 by the Public Printer, the i)ress-work for an edition of 2r),000 following 
 as rapidly as the IG-page forms are completed, and it is believed that by 
 the 1st of December the work of binding can be commenced. 
 
 But for this diversion of etfort in the Census Office to the prepara- 
 tion of the Compendium, there would be now in the printer's hands 
 copy for six comi)lete volumes, of from 800 to 1,000 pages each, of the 
 quarto report, namely: 
 
 1. The complete statistics of population. 
 II. A volume comprising the principal statistics of agriculturia. 
 
 III. Manufactures. 
 
 IV. Wealth, debt, and taxation. 
 V. Statistics of mortal itj'. 
 
 VI. Professor Hilgard's report upon cotton culture. 
 
 Already 2,07G pages for these volumes are in ty]>e, of which 1,951 
 are stereotyped, 1.528 pages having had a small circulation in pre- 
 liminary office editions of parts of these volumes. The remaining coi)y 
 for them will soon be placed in the printer's hands; and it is believed 
 that by the close of December the whole will have been furnished. 
 
 The remaining volumes will shortly follow, and the whole will reach 
 the printer during the present fiscal year, with a possible exception of 
 a portion of the volume relating to vital statistics, and a poi-tion of the 
 report upon so<;ial statistics of cities, not to exceed 1,(100 ]);ig('s in ;ill. 
 
 The attention of Congress should be invite<l to the advisability of 
 further legislation with respect to the inter-decennial State census con- 
 templated by the twenty-second section of the act "to providt* tor tiie 
 taking of the tenth and subsequent censuses," approved ^farch 3, 1870. 
 
 Several of the States have already indicated their intention to avail 
 theniselves of that provision of law, and the blank schedules, the forms 
 of which are fixed by the act in question, should be ni(»dili»Ml by the ex- 
 perience of the tenth census.
 
 592 KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 THE UTAH COMMISSION. 
 
 The Commissioners a]ipointed under section 9 of an act to amend 
 section 5352 of the iievised Statutes of the United Statfss, in refer- 
 ence to bigamy and other purposes, approved March 22, 1882, made a 
 preliminary report on the 31st of August last, and another report on 
 the 17th of November, which are herewith submitted. 
 
 It appears by these reports that the Commissioners entered into the 
 discharge of the duties assigned to them under said act, and have given 
 diligent attention to the same. Eules were adopted for the registra- 
 tion of voters and the conduct of elections. Eegisters were appointed 
 as nearly as practicable in conformity with local law, excluding, how- 
 ever, all persons ineligible under the Congiessional act. The registra- 
 tion of voters having been completed under the laws of Utah, the Com- 
 missioners decided not to commence de novo, but to review the list, ap- 
 plying the principles of said Congressional act. 
 
 From the report of the register of voters it appears that the total 
 registered vote was 33,266, of which 18,772 were males and 14,494 
 females, and that about 12,000 males and females were excluded from 
 registration by reason sf polygamy. 
 
 The Commissioners report that during the cainpaign preceding the 
 November election for Delegate to Congress — 
 
 The people of all classes manifested a lively interest iu public affairs, and attended 
 tJie political meetings in large nnml>ers, aijd sucli meetings were characterized by ex- 
 ceptional good order, good humor, and decorum. 
 
 The Commissioners appointed, the week before election, five gentle- 
 men of character to canvass the votes, who, in the presence of the Com- 
 mission, on the 16th of Noveml)er, discharged that duty, declaring that 
 John T. Caine had received 23,039 votes, and PhUlip T. Ton Zile, 4,884. 
 The certificate was accordingly given to Mr. Caine as the duly elected 
 Delegate. 
 
 The Commissioners recommend the enactment by Congress of a mar- 
 riage law, declaring that all future marriages in the Territory of Utah 
 shall be void unless solemnized in a public manner, with proper wit- 
 ness, and that a public record be made thereof. 
 
 The Commissioners also recommend the repeal of the law conferring 
 the right of suffrage on the females of that Territory, declaring that in 
 the judgment of the Commission said law is an obstruction to the speedy 
 solution of the "vexed question," and also suggest that the first or legal 
 wife be declared by act of Congress a competent witness in all prose- 
 cutions for "polygamy, bigamy, or unlawful cohabiting.*' Speaking of 
 the law under which they were appointed, the Commissioners say: 
 
 But so far it has been a decided success in excluding polygamists from the exercise 
 of suffrage ; and wo are of the opinion that the steady and continned enforcement of 
 the law will place polygamy iu a condition of gradual extinction, and that the 
 domination that is complained of by non-Mormons in Utah, and elsewhere, will, at no 
 distant day, be much ameliorated.
 
 Hi -OitT OF THE SECx.ETARY OP THE INTEEIOK. 593 
 
 lu accepting the tnist committed to us, it was not expected by the Commission, 
 and we sappose not anticipated by Congress nor the Executivo Department of the 
 government, that the desired results would be accomplished at once, nor in the brief 
 space of a few mouths ; but there is reason to believe that the operation of this law, 
 and other influences, are setting strongly in the direction of reform, and that the 
 hitherto dominant faction will bo supplanted by "Young Utah" in the conduct of 
 pbnlic aft'aira. 
 
 The Commission further say : 
 
 Our attention has been called to the propriety of our recommending Congressional 
 legislation of a radical character ; but we are not inclined to advise such measures, 
 unless upon further obser\'ation and experience the wisdom and necessity of such 
 legislation shall be demonstrated. 
 
 CAPITOL BUILDING Als^D GROUNDS. 
 
 The Architect of the Capitol reports that, according to law, rooms are 
 being made in the crypt of the Capitol for the sc.-ring of boor"" connected 
 with the Congressional Library ; that a need exists ''or greater accom- 
 modation for Congressional committees, and that the iiio-room connected 
 with the office of the Clerk of the Ilouse has been ext^^nded in a fire- 
 proof manner, and fitted with metallic file-cases and shelving. 
 
 In the Capitol building a large nmount of painting ai ,} repairing has 
 been done. The dome has been entirely repainted, a measure rendered 
 necessary for the jireservation of the iron work by the decay of the old 
 coating of paint. 
 
 The Architect advises an early renewal of the copper portion of the 
 roof over the library. The old roof, which was badly impaired during 
 the con«itruction of the dome, is now so weak that it can no longer be 
 kept Wfettther-tight. 
 
 The heating and ventilating apparatus in the Capitol has been kept 
 in good order, and has acted in the most satisfactory manner under some 
 very severe tests applied to it during the past year. 
 
 The boilers were examined last spring and, although they had been 
 in continuous use during twenty-five years, they were found to be in 
 very good condition and ])erfectly safe. 
 
 Experiments made with apparatus for lighting by electricity were not 
 satisfactory in their results. The Architect desires to hasten the time 
 when a competent electric light can be put in. It is found that leak- 
 ages from the pipes tluougli which gas is conducted to the building 
 have destroyed some of the plants in the Capitol grounds. 
 
 The dynamo-electric ai)paratus used for lighting the gas in the Uall 
 of the Ilouse and in the Senate Chamber has operated well and is in 
 good condition, a few minor repairs only Ix'ing reijuired. 
 
 The extension of the Washington court-house, authorized by act of 
 Congress February 1, 1881, is so. Air advanced as to warrant the Archi- 
 tect in stating that it will be completed during this winter. The repairs 
 to the old building liave all been made. 
 
 The extension to the Government Printing Ofiice has been completed, 
 .38 Al>
 
 594 REPOltr OF TJIE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 including ;i stable for the accommodation of twenty horses, at a cost 
 within that prescribed by law. 
 
 The Botanic Garden has been greatly improved during the year by 
 cutting down the mound over the "Tiber" sewer, and by filling in the 
 lawns and extending the walks. !Next year it will be necessary to re- 
 imint the conservatory, lu order to preserve the iron work. 
 
 The work of improving the Capitol grounds has steadily progressed. 
 It will be impossible to reduce the grounds upon the west to a harmo- 
 nious finish before the western terrace and staircase are completed. The 
 joint committee upon buildings and grounds have reviewed the plans 
 adopted for these improvements seven years ago, and are understood 
 to favor their being carried out as soon as possible. It is hoped this 
 matter will receive the favorable attention of the present Congress. 
 
 The appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, were as 
 follows : 
 
 For Capitol extension ^57,000 
 
 For lighting Capitol and grounds 30, 000 
 
 For Capitol grounds -c 00,000 
 
 For extension of Government Printing Office 40,000 
 
 For enlarging Washington court-house 117,000 
 
 Accompanying the report is a carefully-prepared index to the trees 
 in the Capitol grounds ; a set of historical notes upon the Capitol ; in- 
 formation to strangers visiting the premises; and a statement of the 
 observations made by the chief engineer o^the heating and ventilating 
 department, showing the movements of air, its temperature and humid- 
 ity, and the capacity of the apparatus for forcing air into and taking it 
 out of the building. 
 
 RECOJs^STEUCTIOK OF EOOF AND MODEL-HALL OF SOUTH 
 WING, PATENT-OFFICE BUILDING. 
 
 An estimate of §150,000 for this purpose is submitted and urged upon 
 the favorable consideration of Congress. 
 
 It is apparent that the roofs and attics of the south and east wings of 
 this building are in as inilammable a condition as were those of the north 
 and "west wings destroyed by the fire of 1877. Upon this subject atten- 
 tion is respectfully invited to the message of the President to the 
 Senate and House of October 17, 1877, (House Ex. Doc. No. 2, Forty- 
 fifth Congress, first session,) and its accompanying papers, and also to 
 a subsequent message of December 10, 1877, (House Ex. Doc. No. 10, 
 Forty-fifth Congress, second session.) The documents contain the re- 
 ports of three several boards, two of said boards having been com- 
 posed of government engineers and architects, and all concurring in the 
 necessity for a fire-proof reconstruction of the roofs of the south and 
 east wings. To put on new roofs and not remodel the halls under them 
 substantially uniform with the reconstructed north and west halls, 
 would seem unwise, as the most cursory examination would showj
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 595 
 
 and for the further reason that additional floor-space for the working 
 force of the department might thereby be secured to the amount of 
 16,800 square feet without decreasing the present area for model-cases. 
 The reconstruction of the north and west halls has increased the space 
 for model-cases by 50 i)er cent. The necessity for additional oflice-room 
 is universally admitted and demonstrated by competent witnesses ; in- 
 deed the estimates for the clerical force of the General Land OfBce for the 
 ensuing fiscal year were not placed fit a justifiable amount for the reason 
 that there would not be room in the building where an additional force 
 could be worked to advantage. In this connection attention is invited 
 to Senate Eeport Xo. 302, Forty-seventh Congress, first session. 
 
 Should the foregoing recommendations receive favorable considera- 
 tion, I beg leave to further recommend that an unexpended balance of 
 $41,500 for fire-proof model-cases in new halls be made available for 
 similar cases in the south hall, so that the cases might be ready as soon 
 as the new hall might be ready. This balance exists from the fact that 
 the west hall, where they were to be set up, is occupied for clerical uses 
 by the Patent and Land Ofiices. 
 
 It is believed that all the principal work contemplated in the forego- 
 ing recommendations could be accomplished within the ensuing fiscal 
 year, leaving to a subsequent Congress the determination as to the re- 
 maining or east wing of the building, as it would be unwise to under- 
 take the reconstruction of both the south and east wings at the same 
 time. 
 
 The w ork of reconstruction should be carried on, as heretofore, under 
 the supervision of a board comprising the Commissioner of Patents, the 
 Engineer in charge of Public Buildhigs and Grounds, and the Architect 
 of the Capitol. 
 
 FREEDMAN'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 The report of the surgeon in charge shows a large increase in the 
 number of cases admitted. During the year, 1,028 patients were ad- 
 mitted and 74 infants were born. There were discharged 904 j and 195 
 died, 5 still-born. On the 30th of June last, 22S remained in the hos- 
 pital, of whom 34 were white and 194 colored. 
 
 Accompanying the report is a tabulated statement of the nativity of 
 patients, the diseases treated, the causes of death in those cases which 
 so terminated, and the more important surgical operations performed. 
 
 The hospital has at present 300 beds. The capacity can be increased 
 by utilizing the lecture-rooms connected with the building. 
 
 The unusual mortality shown in the report is explained bj" the sur- 
 geon's statement that many of the patients went into hospital only 
 when their cases had become liopeless. A largo number died within a 
 few hours after nilniission. The surgeon recommends that a board of 
 visitors be appointed, who should have the liberty of the hospital at all 
 times. Siich a board would, in his opinion, do much to give the public
 
 596 REPORT OF THE SECRETAKY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 ;i proper idea of tlio in!ij?nitud« and facilities of the institution, and thus 
 remove the prejudice against hospitals which seems to exist in the mind 
 of the people. 
 
 The report recommends that, as the hospital has now become perma- 
 nent, the government purchase the building and gromuls. 
 
 HOSPITAL FOR THE IIs'SANE. 
 
 The twenty-seventh annual report of the Board of Visitors of the in- 
 stitution shows the growing work and usefulness. 
 
 The number of patients under treatment on June 30, 18S] , was 925, 
 of whom 700 wxrc males and 225 females. 
 
 On June 30, 1882, the number under treatment was 942. 
 
 During the year, 247 were admitted, of whom 178 were males and C9 
 were females. In the same time 101 died, and 129 were discharged. 
 
 Of the patients under treatment June 30, 1882, 423 were from the Army, 
 49 from the Navy, 14 from the Marine Hospital Service, and 456 from 
 civil life. 
 
 At the close of the fiscal year there were 17 private patients, of whom 
 9 were males and 8 females. 
 
 Tables accompanying the report show in minute and interesting de- 
 tail the monthly changes of population, the physical condition of those 
 who died, the duration of disease in the cases of those who diedj the 
 duration of disease before admission, the nativity of patients, the form 
 of disease, the time of life when insanity developed, the history of an- 
 nual admissions, the mean annual mortality, and the proportion of 
 recoveries. 
 
 The total mortality of the year, while not excessive as compared with 
 other hospitals, was larger than the average mortality at this institu- 
 tion for any year of the ten years last preceding. This is accounted for 
 by the fact that a large proportion of the population is made up of per- 
 sons who served in the volunteer army, who have been inmates of the 
 hospital for a number of years, and who are now growing old. It is 
 reasonable to expect that for some years to come there will be a grow- 
 ing mortality rate in this class of patients. The rate was further swollen 
 by a bilious disorder which appeared in the year and operated fatally in 
 the cases of a few patients who had been rendered feeble by protracted 
 disease of other kinds. This disorder was attributable to the impure 
 water of the Anacostia River, then in use at the hospital. The appro- 
 priation made by Congress for connecting the hospital with the water 
 system of Washington City enabled the authorities to supply the hos- 
 pital with Potomac water, so that a reappearance of trouble from that 
 cause need not be looked for. 
 
 The president of the board of visitors urges the necessity of carry- 
 ing out the plan for detached buildings already approved and com- 
 menced upon. The completion of these additions will be a very great 
 relief to the hospital, since it will not only enable the board to easily
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 597 
 
 nccoimnodate the iucrease of populatiou that must result from the oper- 
 ation of the receut act of Congress providing at this hospital for the 
 oare of insane from the Home for Disabled A^olunteer Soldiers, but will 
 (jonduce to the comfort, convenience, and health of all the inmates. The 
 plan includes detached kitchens, the need for which is urgently felt. 
 
 The experiment of indoor work continues to yield an increase of sat- 
 isfactory results, and the larger liberty which has recently been per- 
 mitted to inmates in their movements about the buildings and grounds 
 has been found both pleasant and beneficial in its effect. 
 
 The board recommends especially than an allowance be made in the 
 next jippropriation for the constrnction of a cold grapery, forcing and 
 green house, which they represent would prove a wise and economic as 
 well as aesthetic improvement. But above this, and as a measure of 
 simple economy, they ask foa- increased shelter for neat stock and barn 
 room for farm products. 
 
 The farm and garden at the hospital yielded products to the value of 
 $24,143.21. Products valued at $7,265 were consumed on the farm. 
 
 The estimates for the next year are as follows : 
 
 For the support of the iustitution $266,425 
 
 For general repairs and improvements 10, 000 
 
 For special improvements 27, 500 
 
 The superintendent of the hospital submits, with the report of the 
 board, a detailed account of the receipts and exi)enditiires for the year, 
 from which it appears that there was paid for subsistence the sum of 
 $94,251.87 ; for house-furnishing, fuel, lights, &c., $22,492.29 ; for dry 
 goods, clothing, books, stationery, and miscellaneous, $14,430.02 ; for 
 medical supplies for individual ))atients and patients' amusement, 
 $5,170.28; for the farm, garden, aurl stable, $12,772.84; for repairs and 
 improvements, $14,831.75 ; and for salaries and wages, $73,012.07. The 
 total receipts were : Appropriations, $180,792..51; for board of private 
 patients and special attendance, $50,179.70. 
 
 The only change in the lyersonnel of the staff of the iustitution was 
 brought about by the Rev. J. S. Deale, who resigned his place as chaj)- 
 laiu after a long and most acceptable service in that capacity. The 
 Kev. C. Herbert Richardson was appointed to the place thus made 
 va<;iuit. 
 
 COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 
 
 The number of pupils under instruction in the Columbia Institution 
 for the Deaf and Dumb during the last yetir was one hundred and 
 eleven. Fifty-one of these were in the collegiate dei)artment, represent- 
 ing twenty States and the Federal District. 
 
 The general health of the institution has been excellent during the 
 year. 
 
 The results of physical training in the new gymnasium are very gi-ati- 
 fying. Six young men were graduated from the collegiate department,
 
 598 REPORT OF THE SECRETA»Ry OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 four reccivhifj the degree of B. A. and two the dej'ree of li. S. More 
 than twenty others were h-ouorably dismissed who had pursued partial 
 courses of study, and who were well prepared to enter upon the busi- 
 ness of life. 
 
 For the expenditures of next year the directors a.sk $55,000 for cur- 
 rent expenses, $10,000 for the erection of two small detached buildings, 
 and $5,000 for the imi)rovement and inclosure of the grounds. 
 
 The directors call attention to the ftict that Congress, in providing for 
 the current cxj^enses of this year, enacted a proviso that no more than 
 $22,000 out of the sum ai)propriated, viz, $55,000, shall be expended for 
 salaries and wages. 
 
 This restriction, the directors urge, would, if insisted on, cause very 
 serious injury to the institution, as it contemplates a reduction of about 
 $7,000 in the amount now authorized by the board for salaries and wages. 
 
 In A^iew of the wide range of study covered in the institution, extend- 
 ing over a period of thirteen years, the number of instructors employed 
 is not unreasonable -, and a comparison with rates of compensation paid 
 in similar institutions of learning iii the other educational establish- 
 ments supported by the government, and in the scientific branches of 
 the public service, shows plainly that the officers of the Columbia In- 
 stitution are not overpaid. 
 
 In view of all which, the attention of Congress is respectfully called 
 to this matter, with the belief that an examination into the facts of the 
 case will lead to a repeal of the restrictive i)roviso. 
 
 HOT SPRINGS RESEEYATION. 
 
 The superintendent of this reservation in his report urges the neces- 
 sity for an appropriation sufficient to cover the whole cost of the im- 
 provements contemplated iu the city of Hot Springs hy walling and 
 covering the creek, which nowi-uns in its natural bed through the main 
 street. This work should be pushed to completion at the earliest pos- 
 sible day. The funds now at the disposal of the department for that 
 purpose are insufficient. 
 
 The sale of lots recently made yielded larger returns than were looked 
 for, the price paid being considerably hw^ger than those set by the ap- 
 j)raisers. The value of lots is steadily increasing, owing to the steady 
 growth of the city and the increasing fame of the springs. 
 
 YELLOWSTOIs^E KATI02TAL PAEK. 
 
 The construction of the Northern Pacific and the Utah and Northern 
 Eailroads to points near the Yellowstone National Park has rendered 
 it a popular resort for recreation and health. 
 
 AThether it would better subserve the object for which the park was 
 by law set aside to grant to a number of persons with limited means 
 leases of small parcels of laud upon which to erect hotels for the
 
 REPOET or THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 599 
 
 accommodation of visitors, or to graut an exclusive privilege of building 
 liotels to an association of persons Laving control of suflicieut capital to 
 enable them to provide lirst-class accommodations, was a question which 
 was presented to the department i\)r determination. The conclusion 
 was reached thattlie public interest would be better subserved by grant- 
 ing exclusive privileges to a firm having the control of ample capital to 
 provide the necessary accommodations. 
 
 Accordingly, on the 1st of September last a contract was made by this 
 department with IMr. Carroll T. Ilobart, of Fargo, Dak., and Mr. Henry 
 r. Douglass, of Fort Yat^s, Dak., granting to them the use of tracts of 
 land, ujjon which they agree to build hotels of such design and dimen- 
 sions, and at sucli points as may be ai)proved by the department, to run 
 such lines of stages Avithin the park as the travel may render necessary, 
 and to construct lines of telegraph from the principal points in the park 
 to connect with the through lines constructed near it. It is provided in 
 the contract that no greater charges shall be made for accommodations 
 furnished and services rendered than those set forth in a schedule to be 
 ai)proved by the Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 Messrs. Hobart and Douglass are certified to this department as per- 
 sons in all respects able to fulfill their contract. It is hoped that by the 
 opening of the season of travel next year visitors will find comfortable 
 accommodations provided for them. It is believed that the appropria- 
 tions for the improvement of the park heretofore made have been judi- 
 ciously expended in the construction of roads, bridges, and other im- 
 provements. 
 
 1 have the honor to be, very rospectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 li. M. TELLER, 
 
 /Secretary. 
 
 The President*
 
 PAPERS 
 
 ACCOMPAXYINO 
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 KEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER OF THE GEIS^EEAL LAND 
 
 OFFICE. 
 
 Department of the Interior, 
 
 General Land Office, 
 WasJiington, D. C, October 11, 1882. 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith the annual report of the 
 General Land Office for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882. 
 
 The disposals of public lands under all acts of Congress epibraced 
 13,998,780.27 acres, and of Indian lands 310,386.13 acres, making the 
 tbtal disjiosals 14,309,166.50 acres, an increase over disposals during 
 the year 1881 of 3,415,769.35 acres. 
 
 The amount of money received from all sources in connection with 
 disposals of the public lands was $7,758,351.02, and from sales of Indian 
 lands $634,617.22, a total of $8,392,968.24, being an increase over the 
 previous year of $2,984,164.08. 
 The following is a statement in detail of disposals and receipts : 
 
 Cash sales: * Acres. 
 
 Private entries 1,924,496. 15 
 
 Public sales 7,933.13 
 
 Timber and stone lands - 95,237.02 
 
 Pre-emption entries 1,351,380.85 
 
 Desert lands 164,955.94 
 
 *Final desert lands (39,323.11) 
 
 Mineral lands 36,768. 63 
 
 Coal lands 8,634.33 
 
 Excess payments on homestead and other entries 19, 316. 77 
 
 Abandoned military reservations 2, 808. 12 
 
 •Commuted homesteads (376, 656. 10) 
 
 *Act June 15, 1880 (700,727.80) 
 
 Total cash sales 3,611,530.94 
 
 Homestead entries (original) 6,348,045.05 
 
 *Knal homesteads (2,219,427.10) 
 
 Timber culture entries (original) 2,566, 686. 09 
 
 ♦Timber culture, final (23,371.12) 
 
 Locations with military bounty laud warrants 43, 865. 69 
 
 Agricultural college scrip locations 1. 040. (.K) 
 
 Private land scrip locations 10,577.12 
 
 Valentine scrip locations 853. 47 
 
 Sioux half breed scrip locations 840.00 
 
 Chippewa half breed scrip locations 240. 00 
 
 Locations with Porterfield scrip 390.79 
 
 Lands selected under raih'oad grants 472, 263. 88 
 
 *The areas of homestead entries commuted with cash, and of lands originally 
 entered under the homestead laws but subsequently purchased under the act of June 
 15, 1880, and the areas of final homesteads, final' timber culture entries, and final 
 desert land entries, are not embraced in the foregoing total, such areas having been 
 previously reported with original entries of the respective classes. 
 
 600
 
 REPORT OF THE SECREJiRY OF THE INTERIOR. GOl 
 
 Cash sales : Acrea. 
 
 State, school, aud internal iuipi-ovement selections '276, 11 1. 74 
 
 Donation claims 1h, 30:i. 14 
 
 Swamp land selections (i48, 0:V>. .><■. 
 
 Total i:}, 998, 780. 27 
 
 Sales of Indian lands : Acres. 
 
 Cherokee strip . , 'J9,508.02 
 
 Cherokee school 298.65 
 
 Kansastrust 210.72 
 
 Kansas trust and diminished reserve 11,760. 30 
 
 Osage trust and diminished reserve el, 817. H» 
 
 Osage ceded • , ;{,2r)0.6-J 
 
 Otoe andMissouria 7, 343. .57 
 
 Choctaw orphan l<)0.96 
 
 Pawnee 112,<JeK.«0 
 
 Sac and Fox 80.00 
 
 Sioux 62,763.32 
 
 Shawnee ahsentee 200. 00 
 
 310,386.13 
 
 Which added to the disposals of public lands make a grand total of 14, 309, 16C. 40 
 
 Cash receipts : 
 
 From sales of pnblic lands $G, 628,775 92 
 
 From sales of Indian lands 634,617 22 
 
 From homestead fees and commissions 697,968 59 
 
 From timber culture fees and ronunis-sions 232,534 00 
 
 From fees on military bounty laud warrant locations 1, 166 00 
 
 From fees on locations with dilicrent classes of scrip 116 00 
 
 From fees on pre-emption and other liliugs 128,123 00 
 
 From fees for reducing testimony to writing 56,897 0(1 
 
 From fees on railroad selections 4, 695 50 
 
 From fees on State selections 2,436 00 
 
 Frem fees on donation claims 595 00 
 
 From fees for issuing patent certificates 300 
 
 From fees for transcripts from records fui-nished bv the General 
 
 Land Office .' 6,588 75 
 
 Total *8, 394, 516 04 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 During the yenr tliere were received J)1,5G2 letters, aiul 71,83G were 
 written and recorded, coverinjr 00,031 pages of letter record, an increase 
 in the correspondence of the office over the previous year of ten per 
 cent. 
 
 ACCOUNTS. 
 
 The number of accounts adju.sted and iiudit<'d during the year and 
 reported to tlu' First (Joniptroller of th*^ Treasury for .settlement was 
 3,li41, end)racing accounts of surveyors gen«'ral, dei)uty surveyors, reg- 
 isters and receivers, si)ecial agents, cK:c., and covering the amount of 
 $9,113,855.70, being an increase of about 10 per cent, over the i)reced- 
 ing year. 
 
 ENTRIES AND RECORDS. 
 
 The tract books of this office, which contain a record of all ]iid)lic land 
 entries aud selections under the vaiious acts and grants l)y Congress, 
 comprise three thousand four hundred and eighty-seven volumes of live 
 hundred pages each, or a total of one million .seven hundred and forty-
 
 602 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 three thousand live hundred pages of entry records. These records are 
 in constant use, and their volume is annually increased. 
 
 The total number of entries posted in the tract books, including cash, 
 homestead, timber culture, pre-emption, desert and timber land entries, 
 and other individual entries and filings, make an aggregate of 190,137 
 the past year, against 157,985 the year previous, an increase of 38,152, 
 in entries of all classes. 
 
 The number of agricultural entries approved for jiatenting was 37,008, 
 against 28,420 the preceding year, an increase of 9,188, 
 
 The number of suspended entries adjudicated by the board of equita- 
 ble adjudication was 1,050. The number adjudicated the previous year 
 was 007. 
 
 The increase in the work performed in the division of ])ublic lands 
 during the year was about 25 per cent. The current work of this di- 
 vision is estimated to be now about one year in arrears. 
 
 CASH SALES. 
 
 The number of private cash entries was 10,090, embracing 1,924,496.15 
 acres, an increase over the previous year of 1,258,207.04 acres. 
 1,351,380.83 acres were also sold under the pre-emption law, an increase 
 of 630,234.57 acres; and 7,498 homestead entries were commuted with 
 cash, embracing an area of 1,077,383.90 acres. The total cash sales, in- 
 cluding lauds sold at public and private sale, pre-emptions, commuted 
 homesteads, mineral lands, timber and stone lands, &c., amount to 
 4,728,237.95 acres. The amount of money received from cash sales was 
 $6,628,775.92, an average of a fraction over $1.40 per acre. 
 
 HOMESTEADS. 
 
 The number of original homestead entries was 45,331, embracing an 
 area of 6,348,045.05 acres, being an increase of 1,319,944.36 acres. Final 
 proof was made on 17,174 entries, embracing an area of 2,219,427.10 
 acres. 
 
 TIMBER CULTURE ENTRIES. 
 
 Seventeen thousand one hundred and fifty-seven original entries were 
 made under the timber culture laws, embracing an area of 2,566,080.09 
 acres, an increase of 802,880.74 acres. Final proof was made on 105 
 entries, covering 23,371.12 acres. 
 
 FILINGS. 
 
 The number of filings, principally of pre-emption claims initiated 
 during the year, and not yet consummated into entry, was 42,777, cov- 
 ering an estimated area of 5,000,000 acres. 
 
 PUBLIC SALES. 
 
 The public sales amounted to 7,933.13 acres, embracing 5,016 acres 
 near Toledo, Ohio, which were sold for the sum of $16,735.22, an aver- 
 age of $3.38 per acre. 
 
 Three million acres of timber lands in ]\Iinuesota have been pro- 
 claimed for sale, and will be oth-red in the Duluth and Saint Cloud land 
 districts, the sales commencing in the former district December 4, 1882, 
 and in the latter district Januar}- 15, 1883.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 603 
 DESERT LANDS. 
 
 Five hundred and sixty-eiglit entries were made under the desert 
 land act, embracing i04/Jo5.'J-i acres, an increase over the previous 
 year of 50,395.92 acres. 
 
 SOLDIERS' ADDITIONAL HOilESTEADS. 
 
 Ihe number of claims of soldiers and sailors for additional home- 
 stead rights unadjudicated was — 
 
 July 1, 1881 149 
 
 Number received during the year 832 
 
 Total 9dl 
 
 Number of cases finally disposed of 509 
 
 Number of cases pending 412 
 
 being an increase in accumulated wouk of 2G3 cases during the year. 
 
 TIMBER AND STONE LANDS. 
 
 The total number of entries made duriug the year uude^ the timber 
 and stone land act of June 3, 1878, was 728, embracing 95,237.02 acres, 
 being an increase over the previous year of 305 entries and 52,249.10 
 acres, or over 100 per cent. 
 
 WITHDRAWALS FOR RESERVOIR PURPOSES. 
 
 The area of lands in the States of Minnesota and Wisconsin with- 
 drawn from disi)osal and held for reservoir purposes under the acts of 
 Congress providing therefor, approximates 108,000 acres. 
 
 ARTESIAN WELLS. 
 
 Tliree sites for artesian wells have been reserved in the State of Col- 
 orado, amounting in area to about 1,700 acres. 
 
 HOT SPRINGS RESERVATION IN ARKANSAS. 
 
 Seven hundied and ninety-nine awarded lots in the above reservation 
 have been disposed of during the past year in accordance with provis- 
 ions of law. The whole sum realized from these disposals was $44,201.85. 
 
 INDIAN LANDS AND MILITARY RESERVATIONS. 
 
 The procetilings of the Land Department duriug the past year in 
 respect to lands embraced in sundry Indian and military reservations 
 will be found detailed in the papers accomi)anyiugthis report. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL PATENTS. 
 
 The number of agricultural patents issued during the year, embracing 
 patents issued on cash, homestead, warrant, and scrip entries ami loca- 
 tions, was 48,097, an increase over tl .e number issued during tlie jire- 
 vious year of 17,050.
 
 604 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 TRANSCRIPTS FROM RECORDS. 
 
 Number of copies furnished from i)atent records, 3,262. Incrftase, 639. 
 Money received as fees for certified copies of records and papers, and 
 covered into the Treasury, $6,588.75. 
 
 MILITARY BOUNTY LAND WARRANTS. 
 
 The number of acres of military bounty land warrants located under 
 the acts of 1847 to 1855, inclusive, was 42,800, a decrease from the pre- 
 vious year of 20,920 acres. 
 
 The number of military bounty land warrants issued under the acts 
 of 1847, 1850, 1852, and 1855, from the commencement of operations under 
 said acts to the close of the fiscal year, was 551,886, embracing 61,058,110 
 acres. 
 
 The number of warrants outstanding and not located on June 30, 
 1882, was 21,568, embracing 2,454,340 acres. 
 
 PRE-ESrPTION?. , 
 
 Number of preemption cases acted upon during the year: 
 
 Contested cases decided 677 
 
 Ex parte cases approved 7,142 
 
 Total 7,809 
 
 An increase over the previous year of 1,698 cases. 
 
 Total number of cases on which final or partial action has been taken 
 during the year, 9,375, an increase over the previous year of 3,145 
 cases. 
 
 Number of cases remaining undecided June 30, 1882 : 
 
 Contested cases 741 
 
 Ex parte cases 10,512 
 
 Suspended cases 1,296 
 
 Total r2,r>49 
 
 Number of cases undecided June 30, 1881 10, 172 
 
 Increase 2 377 
 
 The amount of work performed during the year in the division hav- 
 ing charge of this branch of the business of this office exceeds by about 
 one-third the amount jierformed the year j^revious. 
 
 In the meantime the amount of work in arrears has increased, by the 
 presentation of new cases, in the same ratio. 
 
 "With the exception of contested cases and town site entries, which 
 are up to date, the general work of the division is about two years in 
 arrears ; that is to say, the present force of the division could get the 
 accumulated work up to datei in about two years, if no new work inter- 
 vened. But as the total number of pre-emption cases received during 
 the year, was 11,554, and the total number disposed of during the same 
 period was 8,079, an addition of 3,475 cases has been made to the total 
 work in arrears, notwithstanding the increase of 33 per cent, in the 
 amount of work performed during the year. 
 
 STATE SELECTIONS. 
 
 The adjustment of State selections under the school and general im- 
 provement grants of Congress, which work is performed in this division, 
 shows a like ratio of increase and arrears.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 605 
 REPEAL OF THE PRE-E:mPTION ACTS. 
 
 Previous to the passage of the homestead laws the pre-emption system 
 afiorded the only means by which settlers could acquire title to unof- 
 fered lands. The wise policy of Cou;]:ress, maintained for many years, 
 has been to withhold tlie public lands from disposal at ordiuarj' casli 
 sale, with a view to their occupation by actual settlers, and to prevent 
 the appropriation of large bodies by individuals for speculative pur- 
 poses. The pre-emption system was desired to enable actual settlers 
 to establish their homes on the public domain, and thus to improve and 
 build up the country. 
 
 With the passage of the homestead act, however, the pre-emption law 
 became of less importance, and recent supplemental legislation having 
 placed homestead parties on an equal footing in all respects with pre- 
 emptors, the special utility of the preemption law for purposes of bona 
 fide settlement on the jiublic lands has wholly ceased. 
 
 Any person who could make a pre-emption entry can make a home- 
 stead entry. Any land that can be entered under the pre-emption 
 laws can also be entered under the homestead laws. Under the home- 
 stead laws, also, the homestead party may purchase the land entered bj' 
 him within the same time, upon the same terms, and by the same proofs 
 as in pre-emption cases. There is, therefore, no practical necessity for 
 continuing the double system in operation. A repeal of the pre-emption 
 law would sinqtlify the public business and be in the interest of public 
 economy and good adminstration. Such repeal would, moreover, remove 
 one of tlie causes of frauds in land entries which have approached great 
 magnitude. The correspondence of this oflice, and reports Irom oflicers 
 and special agents, indicate that a material proportion of the })re-emp- 
 tiou entries now niadt' arc fraudulent in character, being chietly i)laced 
 upon valuable timber or inineial lands, or water rights, and made in the 
 interest and by the procureojent of others, and not for the purpose of 
 residence and improvement by the professed pre-emptor. 
 
 CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSiT ON ACCOUNT OF SURVEYS. 
 
 The amount covered by certificates of deposit on account of surveys, 
 examined and accepted in payment for public lands during the vear, was 
 $J,77U,182.51. 
 
 The amount of money dei)osited during the year under the individual 
 deposit system was $2,013,270.77. 
 
 MINERAL LANDS. 
 
 During the year there were sold .'10,708.(13 a<;ivs of mineral land, an 
 excess o\'er the previous ye;ir of 0.."»7.S.!).~» acres; S,(;.'U..>3 acres of eoa! 
 land were also sold during the liseal year. 
 
 Number of Miinei-al entries, 1,.S1S. Increase, 557. Xuml)er of mineral 
 ap])lieations, 2,.") is. Ad vcise claims liled,(!7(>. Number of mineral p.tt- 
 ents issued, 1,2!KS. Coal patents issued, 24. 
 
 The numl)er oi* mineral entries and (;o':t^sits remaining undisposed of 
 was 2,224. The inciease in the work performed in the division of mineral 
 cliims during the year was about 25 per cent, over tln^ year previous. 
 This work is now about on«' year in arrears, and the voMune of new busi- 
 ness is constantly increasing.
 
 606 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE . 
 
 SURVEYS. 
 
 Tlio number of sur\»e.ying contracts made by surveyors general during 
 the year, and approved by this oilice, was 410. 
 
 Two tliousaud two hundred and ninety-eight townslii}) plats and 
 accompanying field notes of surveys of i)ublic lands and private land 
 claims, returned to this office by the surveyors general, were examined 
 in detail during the same period. These examinations euibraced a total 
 area of 40,803,103 acres. 
 
 The total area of public lands surveyed in the several land States and 
 Territories, from the comraeucement of surveying operations by the gov- 
 ernment up to June 30, 1882, is 831,725,863 acres. The estimated area 
 of the unsurveyed portion of the public domain, inclusive of the Terri- 
 tory of Alaska, is 983,003, 750 acres. 
 
 SWAMP LANDS. 
 
 The amount of land claimed and reported to this office as swamp and 
 overflowed land during the year, was 048,032.30 acres, against 152,214.99 
 acres claimed and reported during the year ending June 30, 1881, being 
 an increase of 405,817.37 acres. 
 
 Patents have issued for 092,055.34 acres. 
 
 Claims for indemnity have been adjusted upon reports and testimony 
 submitted for 244,107.85 acres, against 05,700 acres the previous year, 
 an increase of 178,407.85 acres, or more than 170 per cent. 
 
 The total area of swamp lands approved or patented to the several 
 States under the acts of Congress relative thereto, amounted, on June 
 30, 1882, to 55,769,172.03 acres. 
 
 The unadjusted claims now pending amount to 14,000,000 acres, and 
 there is no diminution in the number of claims annually filed. 
 
 The progress of settlement in the public land States, and the rapid 
 absorption of the public lands of the United States, have led to increased 
 attention by investors and settlers to lands claimed under the swamp 
 land grant, resulting in a pressing demand upon this office for the more 
 rapid adjustment of these claims. 
 
 The work of the division charged with this service is several years in 
 arrears. 
 
 PRIVATE LAND CLABIS. 
 
 The number of private land claims finally settled during the year, 
 was 307, which number includes 155 donation claims in Oregon and 
 Washington Territory. Five claims in jSlew Mexico and Arizona were 
 transmitted to Congress for confirmation; 038 entries with Supreme 
 Court scrip were approved for i^atent. 
 
 Preliminary examinations have been made in a large number of cases, 
 which are still the subjects of correspondence, or are awaiting the cor- 
 rection of imperfections or further proof. 
 
 The number of cases in immediate progress of adjudication is 806. 
 
 Patent certificates or special plats of survey are on file in a large 
 number of claims in which no examination has been made in late years. 
 These cases are in order of action when called up by parties in interest. 
 
 Many thousand other claims exist which have been confirmed from 
 time to time by various boards of commissioners, and by Congress upon 
 reports of boards of commissioners, also by the Federal courts under 
 authority conferred by Congress, but in which, in numerous instances, 
 the papers on file here are not sufficiently complete to afford a proper 
 basis for final action.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 607 
 PRIVATE LAND CLAIMS IN NEW MEXICO, COLORADO, AND ARIZONA. 
 
 There have been 91 private land claims reporto<I by the surveyors 
 general of New Mexico, Colorado, and Arizona, and transmitted to Con- 
 gress through this office and department, which are now awaiting legis- 
 lative action. 
 
 The act of July 22, 1854, relative to private claims in Xew ^Mexico, 
 the provisions of which were extended to Colorado by act of February 
 28, 18G1, and to Arizona by the act of July 15, 1870, devolves upon the 
 surveyors general of those districts the jurisdiction to determine the 
 validity or invalidity of claims presented to them for a<lJudication, which 
 claims are afterwards reported to Congress for its action. 
 
 The vast power thus conferred upon subordinate officers of this de- 
 partment has been the subject of judicial notice in cases coming before 
 the courts. 
 
 Upon assuming the duties of this office I found the practice had been 
 to transmit to Congress, without examiuation or remark, the rei)orts of 
 surveyors general with copies of the title i)apers and i>roofs upon which 
 the claims were approved. While it has been held tliat this office has 
 no authority to review the proceedings of the surveyors general, or even 
 to call for or to examine the original muniments of title, I have never- 
 theless deemed it my duty, with the concurrence of the department, to 
 consider their reports, and in event of any obvious error to call the at- 
 tention of Congress thereto. 
 
 In my last annual report I referred to the pressing necessity for some 
 legislation that will facilitate the early adjudication of these claims, and 
 I would again call attention to this subject. 
 
 < 
 
 RAILROAD LAND GRANTS. 
 
 One hundred and seventy-six thousand four hundred and six and 
 sixty-six one-hundredths acres of land were certified for railroad pur- 
 poses during the last fiscal year. The lists of selections awaiting ex- 
 amination or action on June 30, 1SS2, embraced 1,058,092.70 acres. 
 
 Six hundred and eight and ninety-six one-hundredths miles of road 
 were reported as constructed under the land grant system during the 
 year, making a total of 16,230.10 miles of land grant railroad con- 
 structed in all the States and Territories up to the close of the fiscal 
 year. 
 
 The total number of settlement claims within railroad limits awaiting 
 original or final action at the close of the year was 5,504, an increase 
 over the preceding year of G73 cases. Of the total inimber of peiuling 
 cases 1,617 had received partial action, and 3.047 had not been reached 
 for examination. 
 
 The work of the division charged with the adjustment of grants for 
 railroads, wagon roads, and canals, and with the adjudication of claims 
 of settlers and others within the limits of such grants, is several years 
 in arrears. 
 
 FORFEITURE OF RAILROAD GRANTS. 
 
 The status of various grants for railroad purposes where the roads 
 have not been constructed within the time prescribed by law, was 
 reported to Congress on jMarch 28 last. The absence of legislative 
 action touching the renewal of these grants or declaring the forfeiture 
 thereof seriously embarrasses the work of this oflice. It is not deemed
 
 608 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 expodient to certify additional lands to the railroad companies, nor to 
 award to the (companies lands in dispute between them and settlers or 
 other claimants, juniding the determination of Congress in the premises. 
 Large numbeis of settlers are occui)yin<? such lands, and it is important 
 to them to know Avhether they can rewnvc their titles from the United 
 States, or whctlier they will be required to purchase fi'om the railroad 
 comi)anies. I'lu; j)re\ ailing uncertainty necessarily retards improve- 
 ments and impairs values. 
 
 New applications are also constantly being made to enter the with- 
 drawn lands under tJie public land laws. 
 
 I deem it of pressing importance to the public interests that Congress 
 should take early action in respect to these grants. 
 
 TIMBER DEPREDATIONS. 
 
 One hundi'ed and fifty-two civil suits and 137 criminal actions were 
 commenced during the year, for trespass on the public timber lands. 
 Propositions of settlement were received and act«d upon in 110 cases. 
 The number of additional cases now under investigation is 418. 
 
 The estimated value of the timber involved in the civil suits is 
 $100,583.86; in the cases in which propositions for compromise have 
 been madie, $51,608.84; in the pending cases, $298,876.78; total, 
 $511,009.48. 
 
 Proceedings for the protection of the public timber are now had under 
 several different statutes, some of a general and others of a more local 
 character. Much embarrassment grows out of this diverse legislation, 
 portions of which are also conflicting. 
 
 It is my opinion that a general law should be enacted clearly defining 
 the rights of citizens to take timber from the public lands for prescribed 
 purposes, and providing penalties for unlawful cutting, removal, destruc- 
 tion, or waste. 
 
 In all cases where a survey and scalement is necessary to accurately 
 ascertain the extent of an alleged trespass, I would respectfully recom- 
 mend that the expense thereof should be authorized to be charged to 
 the party committing the trespass as a part of the costs in the case. 
 
 SPECIAL AGENTS. 
 
 Timber agents and other special agents employed in the service of the 
 Land Department are allowed, under existing laws and regulations, to 
 charge for their actual personal expenses an amount not exceeding $4 
 per day. This plan involves a great amount of labor in the adjustment 
 of the details of special agents' accounts (vouchers for each item of ex- 
 pense in excess of $1 being required), and results in no economy to the 
 government. I am of the opinion that a fixed allowance, say 83,50 per 
 day, for personal ex)>enses, instead of not exceeding $4 as at present, 
 would be cheaper for the government and more satisfactory to the agent, 
 while the time and labor expended in auditing their accounts Avuuld be 
 materially lessened. 
 
 FRAUDULENT LAND ENTRIES. 
 
 Investigations made during the past year have developed the exist- 
 ence of uuich fraud under the shield of the preem])tion, homestead, and 
 timber culture laws. 
 
 These investigations have been based upon complaints made to this
 
 REFOET OF THE .SECRKTAKY OF THE INTEEIOK. fjOb 
 
 oflQce that great quantities of valnal)le coal and iron lands, forests ot 
 timber, and the available atjrieiiltural lands in whole lej^ious of grazing' 
 country have been monopolized by persons who have caused frauduleni 
 '*'pre-emptiou and commuted homeatead entries to be made by thciragents 
 and einploy<^s. 
 
 A proper investijiation of the numerous complaints that are constantly 
 lieing reeeived would n-fiuire ihe employment of a large force of si>ecial 
 agents, and involve an exi>eiise far beyond the customary appropriations 
 by Congress available for that purpose. 
 
 Efforts have been made to check unlawful acts of this character in 
 the coal and iron regions of AIal)aiTui, the timber regions of Minnesota, 
 the grazing country in California, and on agricultural lands in the Ter- 
 ritory of Dakota, by the special investigation of cases of alleged fraud, 
 trials before local land ollieers to cancel illegal entries, and the institu- 
 tion of civil and criminal suits. These ])roceedings have, however, nec- 
 essarily been confined to one or two localities in each of said States and 
 Territories, owIum; to the limited faciliti(\s of this othce for such service. 
 
 Proceedings have also been instituted in the State of AKssouri by the 
 proper law officers of the United States to recover the title to several 
 hundred thousand acres of land in that State fraiululently enteretl many 
 years since under the graduation act, which act has been reiHiiiled. 
 
 I have recommended heiein the repeal of the pre-emption law, the 
 same having been practically supersetled by the homestead law and 
 especially by the commutation feature of the latter act. 
 
 COMMUTED HOMESTEADS. 
 
 It is a matter of serious question whether the time within which home- 
 stead parties are allowed to commute their entries by the payment of 
 cash should not be extended so as to require proof of actual residence, 
 improvement, and cultivation for at least one year before such payment 
 should be received. This extension of time would be no longer than 
 reasonably necessary to establish the good faith of the parties, and would 
 be no hardship to bonajide settlers, while the oi)portuuitie.s and induce- 
 ments for fraudulent entry would diminish in proportion to the length 
 of time for which residence, ijnprovemeut, and cultivation are require<l 
 to be shown. 
 
 TIMUEB CULTUEE CLAIMS. 
 
 The period has but jast commenced when the earlier entries made un- 
 der the timber culture act can be proven up. The fraudulent proceed- 
 ings at the present time under the operations of this act are not, there- 
 fore, that legal title has actually been obtained by unlawful methods, 
 but th&t fictitious entries are initiated for the purpose of holding the 
 land out of market and selling to others relinquishments of the right of 
 occupation so acquired. 
 
 It is alleged by numerous correspondents, and in the reports of officers 
 and gent^ of this department, that operations of this character are 
 carritd on to a very great extent, notably at the present time in Dakot^i, 
 Nebraska, and [Minnesota, and that as a rtile, in proportion as iwibjic 
 surveys progress over t<irrit<.)ry subject to sueh entry, the lands are cov- 
 ered with tictiiious claims, and actual settlers are couqieiled to i>ay to 
 speculators, or i)ersons holding th»i claims, a bonus for the priviU'go of 
 entering the land in a legal and proper manner undei' the publie land 
 laws. 
 
 39 Ab
 
 610 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING TIIP: 
 
 The utility of the timber culture law as an inducomeut to the cultira- 
 tiou of trees that would not otherwise be jdanted has souictinies ])ecn 
 questioued, since settlers under the homestead law in treeless legious 
 liud it one of the necessities of the situation to set out and cultivate'' 
 trees, and their interest to do this is a usual guaranty that it wijl be 
 done. At the same time, I am not inclined to recommend the repeal of 
 a ]ii,\\ of so benelicent an intention as the timber culture act. But I deem 
 it incumbent upon me to refer to the abuses to which it is subject. 
 
 UNLAWFUL OCCUPATION OF THE PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 The illegal inclosure of the public lands in certain States and Terri- 
 tories, and the exclusive occupation of large tracts by private parties to 
 the deprivation of the rights of others and the impediment of settlement 
 and intercourse, have become matters of serious complaint. 
 
 A usual method of proceeding is that title is legitimately or otherwise 
 obtained to the streams or water rights, and then the surrounding 
 country, frequently for many miles in extent, is inclosed with fences, 
 and all citizens warned off and their stock driven aW|iiy. 
 
 In other cases the public lands are inclosed in this manner where no 
 pretext of ownership or of legal chiim to any part of the land exists. 
 The iisual routes of travel are also cut off by these inclosures, and the 
 inhabitants of the country are in many instances compelled to go a great 
 way around or to tear down the fences, thus incurring the risk of dis- 
 turbance and perhaps bloodshed. 
 
 Letters received at this ojBBce from many persons and reports made 
 by officers and agents of this department, disclose the fact that unlaw- 
 ful proceedings of this character are carried on to a great extent, and 
 future serious trouble is apprehended between settlers and residents 
 and the "cow boys," as employes of the stockmen are called. 
 
 It appears also that in some cases State laws have provided for a 
 nomiual tax upon "possessory rights," the effect of which is represented 
 to be to locally legalize this infringement upon the laws of the United 
 States; and citizens who have attempted to make settlements and entries 
 within the limits of these ranges in accordance with the land laws of the 
 United States have been ouste<l by judicial decree. 
 
 It is manifest that some decisive action on the part of the Federal 
 Government is necessary for the maintenance of the supremacy of the 
 laws and to preserve the integrity of the public domain. 
 
 It is undoubtedly true that the vast plains and mountain ranges west 
 of the Mississippi Eiver must be relied upon for an important propor- 
 tion of the sheep and cattle husbandry required by the necessities of 
 national consumption, but it does not therefore follow that this industry 
 should be the subject of individual or corporate monopoly any more than 
 that other agricultural pursuits should be so controlled. 
 
 The unimpeded progress of settlement will in due time bring the 
 whole of the territory of the United States within the compass of i)ri- 
 vate ownership. Meanwhile the unappropriated imblic lands snitable 
 for grazing herds of cattle should be equally free to the enterprise of all 
 citizens unembarrassed by attempts at exclusive occupation. 
 
 Existing laws (act March 3, 1807, 2 Stat., 445) authorize the Presi- 
 dent to direct the marshal of the proper district to remove unlawful 
 boundaries placed on the public lands, and to remove i^ersons unlaw- 
 fully in possession thereof, and further authorize the employment of 
 military force wlien necessary for this purpose. A forfeiture of any 
 and all righibs tp land so occupied is also declared.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 611 
 
 I liave hesitateil to recoiimiPiMl tlio siiiimiary exereise of the power 
 vested in the ExecutiNC by this act, althoii^^h it luay yet become ucces- 
 .sary to invoke that authority. 
 
 It ifs my oi)inion that a statute is required imposing' penalties for the 
 unhiwfiil iuclosure of tlie pul)lic hinds, for and preventing by force or 
 intimichition legal settlement and entry. 
 
 1 respectfully recommend that the attention of Congress be invited 
 to this subject. 
 
 ESTIMATES. 
 
 The estimates sul)mitted of appropriations required by thisortioefortho 
 Siiirvice of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, (Mubrace the following: 
 
 SALARIES AND COXTIXGliXT EXI'EXSKS. 
 
 Coiiiinissioner $5,000 
 
 Assist ;i lit Coiniuiasiouer 3,000 
 
 Chi.^f cl.ik '^jm 
 
 Law clerk.., 'J, 500 
 
 ;i iiispoetors, at §'J,500 cacb 7,500 
 
 Rerordci- 'J, 400 
 
 \i priiiciiial clerks, at #2,400 each 7,^00 
 
 7 chiefs of division, at §2,400 cacli l(i,i?00 
 
 Receiviii}^ chirk 2,000 
 
 24 clerks of class 4 4:5, 200 
 
 40 clerks of class .3 64,000 
 
 r>2 clerks of class 2 72, 800 
 
 ,''i2 clerks of class 1 C2,4()0 
 
 27 clerks, iit $1,000 each 27,000 
 
 48 copiists, at !?'J00 eat.h 43,200 
 
 Messenyev 840 
 
 8 assistant messengers, at $720 each 5,700 
 
 ♦5 puckers, at §720 each 4, 320 
 
 12 laborers, at §(iG0 each 7 , 020 
 
 For additional force previously paid from special funds: 
 
 3 clerks ofclass 3 4,800 
 
 2 clerks of class 2 2,800 
 
 3 clerks of cla^s 1 3, HOO 
 
 ti copyists, a1 §000 each 5,400 
 
 Misoellaueoub and contingent expenses 57, 000 
 
 Total $4.')3,'J10 
 
 The foregoing estimate shows an increase over the amount ai>i)ropri- 
 ated for the current liscal year of $33,1)40, wliich is made ui»as follows: 
 
 1. An increase of -$1,000 in tlic compensation of the Commissioner is 
 submitted because the ])reseut salary of )i*4,000 is not commensurate) 
 with the duties and resj)onsibilities of the otlice. and because of th«< 
 unprecedented increase in the business of the otlice, and consequent 
 increase in the duties of the ('ommissionei'. 
 
 li. An estimate is sul»nntted of !^.!,000 for an assistant Conimissionor. 
 The n^nier(uis and comi)licated duties now devolving n\)on the head of 
 the bureau necessitate sonu3 division of executi\"e labor and responsi- 
 bility. 
 
 3. The salary of the chief clerk is estimated at .$'J,.^00, an increase of 
 $500, The chief clerk must be fidly competent to take clmrgo antl con- 
 trol of the bftreau at all times, and his otiier and juoper duties being 
 intricate, complex, ami arduous, fidly <leserve the salary estiumted for. 
 
 4. The salary of the law clerk is estimated at $2,5(M», an increase of 
 $500. Tlie comx)ensation estimated is moderate considering the nature
 
 612 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 of the M'ork and qualifications required of the law oflicer of a bureau 
 having: consideration and initial deterininaiion of lej^'al questions per- 
 taining- to land titles and claims included in the whole public domain of 
 the United States. 
 
 5; The estimate of salaries for three inspectors of the offices of sur- 
 veyor-general and of district laud offices is increased to $2,500 each. 
 The compensation of S-,0()0, provided by the act of August 5, 1882, i*5 
 deemed inadequate to the chiiracter of tiie work required. 
 
 6. The salaries of the recorder, of the three princi])al clerks of sur- 
 veys, public lands, and private land claims, and of seven chiefs of divis- 
 ion, are estimated at $2,400 each, an increase of $600. The recorder 
 is charged with superintending the issue of all public land patents, 
 and his ofitice is one of great responsibility, requiriug a high degree of 
 intelligence and integrity. The three principal clerks and seven chiefs 
 of division have immediate charge and direction of the varied and im- 
 portant work assigned to their respective divisions. The long service 
 of the gentlemen occupying these posts of trust, the magnitude of the 
 labor performed by them, the importauce of the duty and the ability 
 demanded for its discharge, merit the the increased compensation asked 
 for. At present they are paid as ordinary clerks of the fourth class, a 
 rate dispro])ortionate to the class of services absolutely required in 
 these positions. 
 
 7. An increase of $200 is estimated for the compensation of the re 
 ceiving clerk, who is the financial otficer. 
 
 The attention of Congress has frequently been called to the inade- 
 quate remuneration of the important officers of this bureau, aiJd the 
 amount of compensation now estimated for is believed to be within the 
 most moderate limit, and no greater than that allowed in corresponding 
 positions in other departments of the government. 
 
 Nimiber of employes. 
 
 The estimates comprehend a reduction of eight clerks of class four, 
 caused by the recommendation that seven chiefs of division and the 
 receiving clerk be classed at an increased rate of compensation. The 
 total number of employes remains the same as under the appropriation 
 for the current fiscal year, with the addition of an assistant Commis- 
 sioner. 
 
 Additional clerical force and office room. 
 
 In a supplemental estimate I have asked for one hundred additional 
 clerks, and for sufiicieut additional room for their accommodation. 
 
 The regular annual estimate is for a force barely sufficient to keep up 
 with the current work of the office, and is insutficient even to meet the 
 additional work arising from the growing increase in the volume of dis- 
 posals of public lands. 
 
 Meanwhile there is a large amount of work in arrears which obvious 
 considerations of public interest require should receive immediate at- 
 tention. 
 
 The trouble and loss resulting to citizens who are unable to secure 
 their titles within reasonable time is frequently serious, and all accu- 
 mulation of work in arrears impedes the current business of the office 
 and involves an additional expense in the end. 
 
 The marked increase in the amount of work performed in the past 
 year over that of the year previous is lapgel;y owing to the additional
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 613 
 
 temporary force allowed by Congress during tbe last three months of 
 the fiscal year. 
 
 An equivalent force tliat could be continued for two or three years 
 would, iu my opinion, enable the work in arrears to be broujjlit within 
 reasonable limit, and I earnestly urge that the additional appropriation 
 asked for in my supplemental estimate be jirovifled by Congress. 
 
 At the same time an increased clerical force could not l)e accommo- 
 dated in the present buihliiig. Provision for additional otlice room is 
 therefore equally as necessary as provision for additional clerical force. 
 
 ClaHsification of iwindpal clerks. 
 
 1 would call attention to the unnec(;ssary distinction maintaiufMl in the 
 classification of the ]>rincii)al clerks of this ollice. Originally there 
 were but three, viz: of public lands, of surveys, and of private land 
 claims. The early statutes provided for the appointment by the Presi- 
 dent, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, of tliese " three 
 principal clerks" for the iibove respective subdivisions of the General 
 Land Oflice. At this ]>eriod there was but one method i)rovided for the 
 disposal of the public lands— that of cash sale. Since then additional 
 methods have been adopted, and the general business of the ollice has 
 also increased with the growth of the country. There are now ten divi- 
 sions besides that of the recorder, each of which is charged with the 
 work of an Important branch of the business of the Land Department. 
 
 There is no difference in the character of the duties and responsi- 
 bilities of the chiefs of these divisions. The services of all are of e<|ual 
 dignify and importance; the degree of ability and experience recpiired 
 is the same iu each case, and the compensation is uniform. 
 
 There is no reason why three of these positions should be filled by 
 Presidential appointment that would not e<iually ap])ly to all of them. 
 I would respecifully recommend that the existing distinction be abro- 
 gated, and that the three prin(;ipal clerks, the recorder, and other chiefs 
 of diAisions be ]daced <m an equal footing in this, as in other respects, 
 and that the a]>pointments of all be made in the same manner as the 
 a])pointments of similar oflicers are made in other executive depart- 
 ments. 
 
 Respectfully submitted. 
 
 y. C. McFAKLAJN^D, 
 
 Commissioner. 
 
 Hon. Henry ^\. Teller, 
 
 Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 KEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. 
 
 Department op the Interior, 
 
 Opfice OF Indian Affairs, 
 
 Wasliimfton, Octoher 10, 1882. 
 
 Sir: In compliaiu'c with the law recjuiring the (■ommissioner of In- 
 dian Affairs to make an annual repoit of tlie condition of affairs con- 
 nected with his bureau, I hav«' the honor to submit, herewith my report 
 tor the year 1882. l^vidently this law contemplates that the rei)ort 
 thus recpiired should show not «udy oi)eratious of the l>ast y«'ar and the 
 jiresent condition of alfairs, but al«o make such suggestions and rec- 
 ommendations, based upon the year's experience, as would be beneficial 
 to the service.
 
 614 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Tlie operations and results of the last year in the different ag^encles, 
 Avbicli will be more fully described and exjdained under their apjiro- 
 ])riate heads, will, I think, compare favorably with any one of tlic pre- 
 ceding? years. Land has been opened to cultivation; honses for Indian 
 residences have been built; schools opened and oi)erat(Ml; and in many 
 cases, au'd in various ways, the cause of civilization generally advanciid : 
 and 1 might, with this general statement of facts, proc(!e<l to give a 
 separate chapter of each reservation and agency; and follow these with 
 the tabulated statements recpiired by section 408 of the llevised Statutes. 
 33ut such a report would not, in my opinion, be discharging my whole 
 duty, nor would it be such a report as the fraraers of the law contem- 
 j)lated. Wheu the rules and regulations under the law governing the 
 operations of the ludiau Department become perfect, and the machinery 
 less multiform and complicated, such a report might answer the pur- 
 X>ose; but until such is the case, a report should not only state what 
 has been done, but also what changes would be advantageous to the 
 service. 
 
 DELAY IN SETTLEMENT OF ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Too much machinery is often worse than too little, and, in my judg- 
 ment, there is now too much machinery in use in the settlement of ac- 
 counts connected with this bureau. I say this with a full knowledge 
 gained by au experience of many years of the absolute necessity of 
 proper checks and balances iu the manner of keeping and settling ac- 
 counts. But after an individual has complied with his contract and 
 produces his vouchers certified and signed by the leg.ally appointed offi- 
 cers, showing that he has performed his undertaking iu letter and spirit, 
 he is in all fairness entitled to the prompt payment of the compensation 
 stipulated. But such, I am compelled by personal knowledge to say, is 
 not the case as the law now stands. After all has been done as above 
 indicated, honest claimants have in ver^' many instances been comi)elled 
 to chase their accounts through twelve or fifteen departments of the 
 government, consuming weeks and even months, and iu some instances 
 years of time, until hope has sickened into despair, and men have grown 
 gray waiting for the tardy footsteps of the messenger from whose hands 
 they should long before have received their just dues. 
 
 It is no answer to this to say that the system now practiced has been 
 long in use and therefore ought not to be changed. This is no argu- 
 ment for its continuance unless it can be shown that age sanctifies error. 
 I make this statement in the interest not only of fair and honorable deal- 
 ing, but also and particularly in the interest of economy for the govern- 
 ment. A ])rompt paymaster gets more for his money than one who is 
 not prompt; and when it is understood that delay may be expected in 
 receiving payment for labor or material furnished, those who furnish the 
 labor or material make their calculations accordingly, and charge enough 
 to pay them for waiting. The system of purchasing the annual supplies 
 for the Indian service by inviting and receiving sealed proposals is pro- 
 ductive of a healthy competition, and the opening of these bids and 
 awarding the contracts in the X)resence of the bidders leaves no just 
 ground for charges of unfairness or favoritism, and, iu my oi)inion, there 
 is not much room for improvement iu that respect ; but 1 desire to re- 
 peat and emphasize it, that the law in reference to settling the accounts 
 ought to be changed.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 615 
 
 INDIAN AGENTS. 
 
 Arnonff tlie many Cannes which exist teiuliiip: to rotarfl the ini])rove- 
 Tiie.iit of the liuliaiis, one very iinjiortant one is tlie (lilVn-u1ty ofjnoenr- 
 inft- nieii of tlie ri.Q,iit stani]) to act as a<;ents. AVe hav<' over a quarter 
 of a million of Indians scattere<l over many thousands of miles of terri- 
 tory, many of the ])oints at >vhieli they aie located bein^' (litJhcult of 
 ac<!ess. Many of tliese Indians, outside of th«; live civilized tribes, are 
 wild roving- nomads. i)referrinj,' savage to civilized life. These are an 
 untutored and untraetable peoi)le, who arc naturally indolent, improvi- 
 dent, and shiftless, and very im])atient of restraint or discipline. The 
 object of the i^overnment is to ti-ansforui these uncivilized i)eo])le into 
 ])eaceable, industrious, ami law-abidin.i;' citizens, and for ihis ])uri)ose a 
 system has been devised, good in many resjK'cts; but when we come to 
 operate that system we make a fatal mistake, aud a mistake which, if 
 not (corrected, will, in my opinion, ])revent for p:enerations the accom- 
 plishment of good, which might otherwise be reached in one decade. 
 1 refer, of couise, to the ])resent system of aj)poiuting and jiaying the 
 men who have the immediate charge of the Indians, and wlio are known 
 as Indian agents. When the fact is once clearly established that an 
 agent is utterly unfit from any cause for his place, he ought, on any theory 
 of souiul business principles, to be removed at once, and a more suitable 
 man put in his i)lace; but it requires as much macliineiy now, and fre- 
 quently more time, to get a. new agent api)ointed than it does to appoint 
 a minister to the Court of St. James. Within the last year seven entire 
 months w'ere consumed in makiug sucli a change at one of the agencies, 
 where any correct business man transacting his own l)usiness would 
 have made the change in less than seven days. This is the fault of the 
 law, and ouglit to be changed. 
 
 These Iu<lian agents furnish the precept and example to which we must 
 look more than to any other cause or influence as a means of changing 
 the habits, manners, and customs of the Indians. If the agent is an 
 honest, indiistriovs, and inteUhjcnt Chrintian man, with the pit i/sica I ability 
 and disj)osition to endure hardshij) and courageously encounter dilliculty 
 and disa])i)Ointment, or, in otiu'r words, if he is morally, mentally, and 
 physically above the average of what are considered good nu'n, he will 
 work wonders among these Avards of the luition. Ami I but state what 
 every thinking man must know, that, as a rule, this class of uu'ii cannot 
 be procured to cut themselves olf from civilization and deprive them- 
 selves and families of the comforts and advantages of eivilize«l society 
 for the i^itlance which is now ])aid to Indian agents. Occasionally men 
 have been founil who, for the good whicdi they hojicd to accomplish, have 
 voluntarily exiled themselves and labored for the good of these pe»)ple, 
 but they generally found nu»re troulde from their surroundings and less 
 moral support from the government than was expected, and, beeoming 
 discouraged and disheartened, have retired fiom the service, leaving 
 their places to be Idled by less comjictent men. One agent, in t<'iuler 
 ing his resignation a, few weeks since, uses the following language : 
 
 I have labored faithfully for thr^ good of tho Indiiois, dealing lionoralily with nil 
 meu, bub I huve at la^t bucoine diohearteucd, and fed that life is too ttliort t-o Wiiato 
 any more of it here. 
 
 One great cause of embarrassment and discouragement to Indian 
 agents is the trouble and annoyance they (ind in keeping their accounts 
 so as to comply technically with all tho regulations and rulings in ref- 
 erence to the linal settlement of their accounts. As the matter now 
 stands, an agent may execute to the letter an order giveu him by the
 
 616 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Secretary of the Interior lor the payment of money^ and yet that item 
 iu his a(;connt u)ay be suspended against him, and he and his sureties 
 be compelled bj' law to pay the money apiin. The result is, if he refuses 
 to obey the orders of his superior he loses his ))osition, and if he obeys 
 he loses his money. 
 
 I give it as my honest conviction as a business man, after one year and 
 a half of close observation, in a position wliere the cliances for a correct 
 knowledge of this question are better tlian in any other, that the true 
 policy of the government is to pay Indian agents such compensation 
 and place them under such regulations of law as will insure the services 
 of first class men. It is not enough that a man is honest; he must, in 
 addition to this, be capable. He must be up to standard physically as 
 well as morally and mentally. Men of this class are comparatively 
 scarce, and as a rule cannot be had unless the compensation is equal to 
 the service required. Low-priced men are not always the cheapest. A 
 bad article is dear at any price. Paying a man as Indian agent 81,200 
 or $1,500, and expecting him to pertorm $3,000 or 8J:,000 worth of labor, 
 is not economy, and iu a large number of cases has proven to be the 
 worst kind of extravagance. The wholesale, sweeping charge of dis- 
 honesty sometimes made against Indian agents is not true. Some of 
 them are gO(xl and true men, doing the very best they can under the em- 
 barrassing circumstances by which they are surrounded; and some of 
 them are capable; butl repeat, the inducements for such men to remain 
 are insufficient, and the difficulties and disconragements which they 
 meet, crowd them out of the service, and nutil ail Indian agents are 
 selected and paid as a good business man selects and pays his employes 
 (which is not the case now), it need not be wondered at if many of 
 them are incompetent, and a few of them dishonest. 
 
 CO-OPERATION OF BELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 
 
 One very important auxiliary in transforming men from savage to 
 civilized life is the influence brought to bear upon them through the 
 labors of Christian men and Momen as educators and missionaries. 
 This I think has been forcibly illustrated and clearly demonstrated 
 among tbe different Indian tribes by the missionary labors of the various 
 religious societies in the last few years. Civilization is a i)lant of ex- 
 cee<ling slow growth, unless siii^plemented by Christian teaching and 
 influences. I am decidedly of the opinion. that a liberal encouragement 
 by the government to all religions denominations to eictend their edu- 
 cational and missionary operations among the Indians wouid be of im- 
 mense, benefit. 1 find that during the year there has been expended 
 in cash by the difierent religious societies for regular educational and 
 missionary purposes among the Indians the sum of 821(5,680, and doubt- 
 less much more whieb was not re])orted thr,*ugh the regular chaiinels. 
 This is just so much money saved to the government, which is an item 
 of some importance, but insignilicant in comparison with the healthy 
 influences created by the men and women who have gone among the 
 Indians, not for personal pecuniary benefit, but for the higher and 
 nol>ler purpose of helping these untutored and uncivilized people to a 
 higher plane of existence. In no other manner and by no other means, 
 in my judgment, can oar Indian x)opnlation be so speedily and perma- 
 nently reclaimed from barbarism, idolatry, and savage life, as by the 
 educational and missionary operations of the Christian people of our 
 country. This kind of teaching will educate them to be sober, indus- 
 trious, self-reliant, and to respect the rights of others: and my delib-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 617 
 
 erate opinion is, that it is not only the interest but tlie duty of the gov- 
 ernment to aid and encourage these etiorts in the most liberal manner. 
 ]^o money spent lor the civilization of the Indian wUl return a better 
 dividend than that sjjeut in this way. In urging this imint I do not 
 wish to be understood as claiming tliat all tlie good people are inside 
 the churches and all the bad ones outside; but a little observation, I 
 think, will convince any one that a very large proportion of those who 
 sacrilice time and money for the good of others is found inside of some 
 Christian organization. If we expect to stop sun dances, snake wor- 
 sliip, and other debasing forms of superstition and idohitry among In- 
 dians, we must teach tluMu sotne better way. Tiiis, with liberal appro- 
 priations by the government for the establishment of industrial schools, 
 where the thousands of Indi;in children now roaming wild shall be 
 taught to speak the English language and earn their own living, will 
 accomidish what is so much desired, to wit, the conversion of the wild, 
 roving Indian into an industrious, peaceable, and law-abidiug citizen. 
 
 ]SEED OF MORE LIBERAL APPROPRIATIONS. 
 
 This result, however, cannot be reached in any reasonable time un- 
 less the means are commensurate with the end to be attained. The 
 conditions which now surround the case are very ditferent from those 
 that existed in the years of the past. The game upon which the In- 
 dian subsisted is fast disappeaiing, and he must of ne<'essity look for 
 subsistence from some other source. The vast domain which he once 
 called his own, and over which he roamed at will, is rai)i(lly being 
 absorbed by the white people, who insist that these fertile valleys and 
 mountains rich in mineral deposits shall no longer remain locked up 
 and shut out from the enterjjrise and imlustry of the white race. The 
 commercial interests of the country seem to demand that the means of 
 communication between one section of the country and another shall 
 not be obstructed by denying the right of way for trade and trafiic; 
 and as a consequence railroads are penetrating these reservations once 
 set apart for the home of the Indian, and in which he had a right to 
 suppose he wouhl not be disturbed. 
 
 I do not stop now to canvass the question of right or justice. I only 
 point to the inevitable, and claim that it is unquestionably the impera- 
 tive duty of the government, as well as the soundest and safest policy, 
 to provide the safest, surest, and most etjuitable means to induce the 
 Indian to abandon the manners, customs, and traditions of his fathere, 
 and accomimMiate himself to the new and better way. This can only 
 be done by aiquojuiations much more liberal than those nnide in the 
 past. If one million of dollars for educational i)urposes given now will 
 save several millions in the future, it is wise economy to give that mill- 
 ion at once, and nt>t dole it out in small sums that do but little good. 
 The more thoughtful and intelligent of the Indians comprehend ami ap- 
 preciate the situation, anil are anxious to put themselves in condition to 
 meet the newor<l<>r of things which they see is certain to come, and which 
 will either elevate tliem in the scale of being, or exterminate them. 
 Chief Keokuk, son of th(^ celebrated chief of that name, said to one of 
 oursi)ec'al agents only a few days ago, " We want schools, churches, and 
 laws, to nniUe our ]>eoi)le abandon the wild, roving lite of Indians, and 
 become a settled, industrious, and peaceable i)eoph'." 
 
 Within the last few months the Pottawatcmiie Indians have i)repared 
 and submitted to the dejiartment for api)roval, a code of laws for their 
 own government, thus clearl.\ indicating t hat the thoughts of the Indians 
 are being turned in the right direction.
 
 618 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 UNJTTST DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN INDIAN TRIBES. 
 
 I called atteutioii in my last report to the fact that the Indiana who 
 obey law and try to <!onfbrin to our customs, and to cultivate habits of 
 industry aiul sol)rioty, are not encourii<^ed as they should be; while In- 
 dians who are lazy, turbulent, and insubonlinate, get what they demand. 
 If the Indians are in fiict the wards of the nation, it is the imperative 
 duty of the government to treat them as a prudent and kind guardian 
 shouhl treat a ward, and this can only be done by rewarding the good 
 and iHinishiug the bad. Kewards should be liberal and i)romptly given, 
 and punishments should be sharp, quick, and positive. Xo delay in 
 either case; let the effect follow the cause with certainty and rapidity. 
 Belay in either case lessens the effect intended to be produced. 
 
 I feel that I cannot too strongly urge this, because unless a different 
 policy in this respect is pursued in the future from that i^racticed in the 
 jjast, bad Indians will increase and good ones decrease. They nuist be 
 made to know that vice will not be rewarded, ifl)r will virtue be pun- 
 ished. We are to-day feeding with a liberal hand, and at a cost of 
 hundreds of thousands of dollars, a tribe of Indians who have made in- 
 solent demands, and defiantly threatened war unless their demands were 
 complied with, while at the same time we are allowing quiet and peace- 
 able Indians to struggle with adverse circumstances on the verge of 
 starvation. The Indians see this and the effect must necessarily be bad. 
 
 SURVEYS OF INDIAN RESERVATIONS. 
 
 One fruitful source of trouble and conflict between Indians and white 
 people arises from the fact that in very many cases it is impossible to 
 tell where the reservation lines are. The Indians claim the Hue to be 
 in one place and the white man, who is a farmer, a miner, or a herder, 
 claims it to be in another. The only remedy for this is by surveying 
 and plainly marking the boundary lines; this would save much trouble 
 and many lives. I made an earnest request for an appropriation of 
 $100,000 for this purpose at the last session of Congress, but only $5,000 
 was given. In 1880 it was estimated that there were not less than 6,000 
 miles of unsurveyed reservation boundaries. But little change has oc- 
 curred since. Were it not for the aid generously extended by the War 
 Department during the year past the oflice would have been extremely 
 embarrassed in several cases where surveys were absolutely required to 
 prevent threatened conflicts between Indians ami whites. Agents at 
 the different agencies are urging the necessity of having the boundaries 
 fixed, and it is to be hoped that this matter will not be neglected at the 
 approaching session of Congress. Where it has not already been done 
 arable lands within the reservations should be subdivided, to enable 
 the ageuts to allot lands in severalty to Indians as fast as required. 
 
 APPROPRIATIONS COVERED INTO THE TREASURY. 
 
 In reference to the amount of ai)i)ropriations for the Iiidian service, 
 I wish to call attention to the fact that many thousands of dollars are 
 annually appropriated, which, on account of the peculiar character of 
 the law governing these appropriations, cannot be and never are used; 
 and this fact ought to be considered in making the appropriations. The 
 books in this bureau show that $228,170.22 have been returned to the 
 Treasury for the last year, for which the accounts are matle up. And 
 connected with this fact is another kindred one, to wit: supplies amount-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. G19 
 
 ing in some instances to many thousands of dollars are purchased and 
 paid for out of money appropriatedfor the Indian service, Init before these 
 supplies aie consumed the Indians are removed to some distant locality, 
 the supplies are sold, and every dollar realized from the sale goes back 
 into the Treasury; but all the expense of care and sale must be j)aid fnmi 
 the contingent fund, for which no calculation was made when the con- 
 tingent fund was approi)riated. The law should be so amended as to 
 allow all expenses of this kind to be i)aid from proceeds of the sale of 
 the ])ro])erty. I'or j)roof and illustration of this eon«litiou of allairs 1 
 refer to the reeent operations on the Malheur Keservation. 
 
 CONSOLIDATION OF AGENCIES. 
 
 There are at i)resent fifty-nine Indian agencies, fifty-eight of them in 
 charge of agents whose salary is provided for by Congress, and one in 
 charge of a military otiicer acting as Inilian agent. A reduction of eight 
 agencies has been made during the fiscal year. Iteduction in the number 
 of agencies has been the aim of this ollice for several years past, and 
 has been frequently recommended by my predecessors. The objects 
 sought have been, (1) reduction in the cost of maintaining agencies; 
 (2) the consolidation of the Indians upon reservations where they may 
 be best protected in their personal and pro])erty rights, and (3) the safe 
 of the lands vacated by the consolidation and the use of such portion 
 of the funds arising therefrom as may be necessary in the settlement of 
 the Indians upon the reservations to which they may bo removed, the 
 balance of the money to be funded for their use, and the interest thereon 
 to be expended in lieu of direct ai)propriations for their benefit. This 
 plan is still urged and believed to be for the best interests of all con- 
 cerned. 
 
 But the consolidation of agencies (so called) made at the last session 
 of Congress has not been productive of the good residts hoped for by 
 those who advocated the measure. The Indians and all the property 
 and machinery of an agency have been left just where they Avere and as 
 they were, except that the pers(ui in charge is not called an agent, nor 
 can he receive or disburse money. The one nuin, who is the agent for 
 all of the i)oints attemi)ted to be consolidated, is alone res])onsiljle for 
 all the ]iroi)erty, and must necessarily travel from one to another; this 
 involves much expense of time and money; and inasmuch as all the ac- 
 counts have to be examined and reviewed at the jxtint where the agent 
 is located, it requires additional clerical force, and I have found some 
 dithculty, even ;it this early period of the fiscal year, in finding funds 
 for tin* i)ayment of the agent's traveling expenses and the additional 
 clerical foix-e. re(iuire(l. As a rule! it is safe to say that any attenqit at 
 consolidation that does not consolidate the Indians by placing them on 
 the same reservation must n.'sult in failure to aecom]>Iish any good anil 
 be almost certain to give niuch trouble. 
 
 The last Indian ai)propriation act simply legislated agents out of ofliee 
 on .lune 30, 1882, made no i)rovisionsfor their salaries or expenses until 
 such consolidation should be complete<l, ayd i)rovided no funds by which 
 the Indians could be brought together. A special a]q)ro|)riatioii should 
 be nuule to enable, this oliice to carry into effect the provisions of secr- 
 tion t) of the act above referred to. or a sullicient sum for the i)uri>ose 
 should be ailded to the appropriation for contingencies of the Indian 
 service.
 
 620 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 ISSUES OF RATIONS. 
 
 In accofdanco with suftgestioiis made by some members of the Com- 
 mittee on Appropriations at the hist session of Con^*ess, I decided at 
 tlie commencement of the presimt fiscal year to have the supplitis pnr- 
 cliased for Indians under existin^j; appro])riations divided into fifty-two 
 parts, and instructed agents to issue one lifty-second part eacjh week, so 
 that the amount appropriated for shouhl last to the end of the tiscai 
 year. 
 
 The following is the text of the instructions issued : 
 
 In pnrcliasiusi these supplies tho funds appropriated by Congress for the fiscal year 
 18b3 liave beeu exhanstcil, I'eservinjf only sufficient for the purchase of animitj' and 
 other jroods estimated for by yon, pay of employees, and such incidental expenditures 
 as may arise dnrin<^ the year. Yon are therefoie directed to divide the above-named 
 supplies by tho number of weeks (52), and issue only one fifty-sec<md part of the 
 same per week. Under no circumstances will you be allowed to incur any deficiency, 
 and you will be held resi^onsible for the execution of this order. 
 
 This has caused much dissatisfaction among many of the tribes, and 
 a threatened outbreak in some instances ; but the system will be ad- 
 hered to, unless Congress orders otherwise. 
 
 EVIL OF CASH ANNUITIES. 
 
 In mauy cases the law now requires money to be paid to certain 
 tribes of Indians. In a majority of these cases, if the law left it in the 
 discretion of the department to pay in cattle or sheep, instead of cash, 
 the result would be much more beneficial to the Indian. This is emi- 
 nently true in the case of the Uintah and other Utes. The country 
 occupied by them is a good grazing country, but not well adapted for 
 agricultural purposes. If, instead of compelling payment to them in 
 money, as the law now stands, they could be paid in cattle, they could 
 in a few years become self-supporting. Tlie money paid to them does 
 them but little good. In one day, immediately after a cash payment 
 was made to the Utes, two thousand dollars were spent for firearms, 
 ammunition, and whisky in Salt, Lake City, and in a very short time 
 nine-tenths of the payment went in the same direction. If they are the 
 wards of the nation, we should see to it that they get only such things 
 as are beneficial, and not such as are injurious. 
 
 While upon this subject I wish to call attention to the fact that there 
 is no law to pnnish any one for selling tirearms to Indians, and the con- 
 sequence is that the worst and most troublesome Indians are armed 
 ■with the best breech-loaders that can be found in the market. It is 
 hoped a stringent law may be passed to prevent, as far as possible, this 
 cause of trouble and loss of life. ' ^ 
 
 INCREASE IN THE CLERICAL FORCE OF THE BUREAU. "* 
 
 For many years complaint has been made by the accounting officers 
 of the Treasury that the accounts rendered quarterly by the Indian ■ 
 agents were so much delayed in the Indian Bureau that m a majority 
 of cases, before a final settlement could be reached, the sureties on the 
 bonds and the witnesses whose testimony woiild be necessary in estab- , 
 lishing facts connected with suspensions in these accounts could not, 
 on account of death or some other cause, be reached. Congress very ; 
 wisely at the last session made an appropriation of 84,000 specially 
 for the i)uri»ose of bringing u]) thesn accounts. With the aid thus af- 
 forded I have been able to bring them ui) nearer to date than they have
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 621 
 
 heei) Ibr luaii-y years. Thi.s Las resnlted in nuicli saving- of tronble and 
 a iniidi l)etter understandiii.i;- of the oouilition of the curreut liusiuess at 
 tlie ageuci(3s, and, it is safe to say, the sa\iiig of inouey to the govern- 
 
 llU'llt. 
 
 [ venture iu this connection to make a suggestion which, if followed, 
 will be of much pecuniary advantage. I refer to the fact that an immense 
 amount of work is done in this bureau for outside i)arties, for which not 
 one cent is paid. Other (lei)artments of ihe government charge for 
 copies of j)ap<'rs and documents, but tlie Indian Bureau does all this 
 work, amounting to thousands upon thousands of pages, for nothing: 
 and the time of clerks, for whoso salaries appropriations are made, is 
 taken u]) with this kind of work, and consequently to the neglect of the 
 work for wliich they are employed and ])aid. The same rule, it seems, 
 to me, that is practiced by other bureaus ought to be allowed iu this. 
 The law now tixes the number of clerks and the compensation of each, 
 and no change can in any case l)e allowed. This is done on a basis of 
 what is supjjosed to be absolutely necessary for the performance of the 
 duties of the oliice. If no work for outside parties had to be performed, 
 this rule might answer; but if (as is frequently the case) the time of 
 three or four of the best clerks is occupied for days in making examina- 
 tions and preparing coi)ies of papers not belonging to the regular work 
 of th(} office, it follows as a consequence that the regulai- work of the 
 bureau must to that extent be neglected and the public business suffer. 
 The remedy for this can be found in one of two ways: either make the 
 approi)riations sufiiciently large to meet these calls from outside par- 
 ties, or allow the usual charge for this class of work, and the use of the 
 money thus realized for extra clerical labor. Either of these plans will 
 accomplish the desired object, and if, iu addition to this, it was allow- 
 able to employ clerks at what they are worth, instead of the iron rule 
 now in force, more work could be done, more people employed, ami 
 money saved. This bureau is allowed one messenger, one assistant 
 messenger, and one laborer. The rooms occupied by the diflereut divis- 
 ions are a long distance apart. Many times every day chiefs of divis- 
 ions and the higher grades of (tlerks are compelled to leave their desks 
 to seek or give information, which could Just as well be performed by a 
 messenger boy at ^i per day. Good business men do not conduct their 
 business in this manner. 
 
 The apjiropriatiou of >i,000 wisely given by Congresss at the last 
 Kession for the «Miq)loyment of clerical labor for a special purpose was 
 not trammeled by any restriction as to the com])ensation which shouhl 
 be paid to clerks, and as a consequence I am able to say what could not 
 have been truthfully said in the last ten yeais, to wit : Tliat there are no 
 agents' accounts unsettled in this oliice outside of the present liscal yeai-. 
 
 DEFICIENCIES IX APPKOPKIATION«. 
 
 The funds ai)propriated by Congress in the regular api)ropriatiou bill 
 for the support of the Indians during the liseal year jtrovecl to 1x3 en- 
 tirely insuiUcient, mainly owing to the high price of beef and tlonr; and 
 had it not been lor the additional api)roi)riation in the sundry civil bill 
 of 6U(tO,UOO for the i)urchase of beef, and $L'r>,()UO for the sui)|")ort of the 
 .Ticarilla and 3Iescalero Apaches, this oilice would have been greatly 
 end>arrassed and serious dillieulties been the result. The amount ap- 
 propriated for the subsistence of the Sioux nnder agreement made Feb- 
 ruary 1*8, 1S77, was insnflicient by 8"'<>o,(»(H). Article o of this agree- 
 ment provides for fianisUing cucli ludividuid with a daOy ration of li 
 
 I
 
 622 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 lioiMids hiH'f, oiK'-lialf pound of flour, one-liulf i)Oun<l of corn, and for 
 evrry 100 rations 4 jxmnds of colfcc, S jjoundn of KUjjar, and 3 pounds 
 ol" beans, or in lieu of said articles tlie equivalent thereof, in the djs- 
 eretioii of the Commissioner oi" Indian Affairs. According to the re- 
 ports of the aijents, there are now on the different Sioux reservations 
 li(),<J.S;j persons, who, nnder aitiele 5 of the above treaty, are entitled to 
 20,1217,88") i)()unds beef gross, 4,800,047.] i)Ounds of corn and flour each, 
 1292,179 i)ouuds of beans, 389,572 pounds of coffee, and 779,144 pounds 
 of sugar, costing at contract prices $1,558,847.08. The amount appro- 
 priated by Congress for subsistence of the Sioux, including transporta- 
 tion of all sup])lies from steamboat landings and terminus of railroads 
 to agencies, is $1,075,000, of which at least $50,000 will be required for 
 transportation, making a deficiency of $500,000, for which an estimate 
 will be submitted to Congress at its next session. As this amount is 
 due under treaty stipulations, it is hoped it will be furnished. 
 
 The only other deficiency to be provided for by Congress will be 
 about $50,000 for "transportation of Indian supplies." For that X)ur- 
 pose $275,000 were ai)pro])riated by Congress, but this amount will 
 not be sufficient to pay for all the tninsportation ; and as the right to 
 incur deficiency for transportation was conceded at the last session of 
 Congress by the House Committee on A])propriations, I have no doubt 
 that the additional amount refjuired will be apjuopriated. 
 
 Section 8 of the act making appropriations for the current and con- 
 tingent expenses of the Indian service, &c., for the fiscal year 1883, di- 
 rects that notice shall be given to such Indians as are now being sub- 
 sisted, in whole or in part, by ai)propriatious not required by treaty, 
 that a recommendation will be made to Congress, at its next session 
 for a diminution of such appropriations, and in inirsuance thereof I 
 have issued the following circular and forwarded it to the different In- 
 dian ageiits : 
 
 Pjjpartment of thu Intkriob, 
 
 Office of Indian Affairs, 
 
 Washington, September 27, 1882. 
 
 Sir : lu compliance Tvith instructions received from the honorable Secretary of the 
 Interior, your attention is called to section 8 of "An act making appropriations for 
 the cari'ent and contingent expenses of the Indian Department, and for fnlfilling 
 treaty stipulation with various Indian tribes, for the tiscal year 1883, and for other 
 purposes," approved May 17, 1882, -which reads as follows: "That the Secretary of 
 the Interior shall cause such Indians as are now being subsisted, in whole or in part, 
 by appropriations not required in discharge of treaty obligations, to be notified that 
 he will recommend to Congress, at its next sessiou, a dimiuution of such appropria- 
 tion, and tliat in consequence thereof their future support will depend more upon their 
 own exertions." 
 
 In compliance with the above you will give your Indians the notice required by 
 this act of Congress, and assure them that while the government is disposed to treat 
 them kindly and even generously, and to extend to them every needed assistance to 
 enable them to make a comfortable living for tliemselves and families, yet they must 
 remember that there is now no treaty or other obligation on the part of the govern- 
 ment to su))port them, and that what they are now receiving is jturely a gift, and that 
 there must come a time when they will be expected to labor for their own support the 
 same as white men do. Say to them that labor is not degrading, but on the contrary 
 is ennol)liug, and that if they ever expect to become rich and powerful as the white 
 races, they must learu the lessons of iudustry and economy. 
 
 H. PEICE, Commissioner.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 623 
 
 / 
 
 INDIAN AGENCIES AND POPULATION. 
 
 The following table shows the location of the several agencies and 
 the i>oi)ulation: 
 
 States aud Territoriea. 
 
 Arizona 
 
 ('uliforiiia 
 
 Colorado 
 
 1 )akota 
 
 Idaho . 
 
 Indian Territory 
 
 ludiau Territory (5 civilized (ribes). 
 
 Iowa 
 
 KiinsHH 
 
 >rifhi-au 
 
 Jliiiui'Hota 
 
 Montana . 
 
 Nebraska (ineliidiiif; 201 attached to Kansas agepcy, but still living ii) Nebraska). 
 
 Nevada 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 New York 
 
 ( )re;;ou 
 
 Texas. 
 
 Utah 
 
 WashJDjrtou Territory . 
 
 "Wiscoii.iin 
 
 Wj-oniiu^ 
 
 Total number of agencies and number of Indians at agencies. 
 
 ^2P 
 
 I. 
 
 Si 
 
 14,241 
 
 11.013 
 
 92.'. 
 
 30,117 
 
 3,652 
 
 18. Ml 
 
 59, 277 
 
 3.=i0 
 
 «Xi 
 
 9, 795 
 
 4,2« 
 IH, 705 
 
 4,014 
 
 7, Ki\ 
 '2S, 527 
 
 .■>. 1 16 
 
 4. .ViO 
 JO'S 
 
 5,371 
 13,28fi 
 
 7,7.^; 
 
 1,782 
 
 24^ 932 
 
 ^Indians in charge of a military officer and not on a reservation. 
 
 To this shoultf bo added those not under control of agents, living 
 principally in the Teirit(n-ies of Arizona, Idaho, and Utah, and the States 
 of Calilbrnia, Indiana, Kan.sas, North C^antliiiii, Oregon, and Wi.qconsin, 
 numbering 15,4:81, making total number of Indians in the United States, 
 exclusive of those in Alaska, L*OL',;iG(>. 
 
 LIQUOR IN THE INDIAN COUNTRY. 
 
 The sale and use of lirpior has been brought before the public so long 
 ;js the chief cause of ])overty and (iiiine, that when it is state*! that neurly 
 all the serious crimes committed in the Indian c<»untry art< traceable 
 directly to the selling and drinking of wliisky, the statement is accepted 
 as trnlii, as a matter of course. It i)rovokes no comment, and apjVears 
 to have little etfect on legislation. Yet, to-day, whisky is the one grejiL 
 curse of the Indian i^ountry, the j»rolitic source of disorder, tumult, 
 crime, and disease, and if its sale could be utterly pn»liibite<l, peace and 
 <piiet would almost, uniformly e.vist among tlie Indians from the Missi.s- 
 sippi to the Pacili<'. Wliisky is furnished the Indians by disreputabh^ 
 white men, who would sell themselves ami their country for so many 
 pieces of silver. Leniency to such men is a crime. Tiu-ir homes should 
 be behind iron bars, with never a human tace to look upon, and never 
 a sight of the green earth or the skies above, until, in solitary contine- 
 nient for months and years, they had been taught the lesson that "the 
 way of transgressors is hard." Most Indians will <lrink whisky when- 
 ever and wherever they can g<*t it. Under its inlluence they are sav- 
 ages in deed as well as in name. 
 
 The agent at Quai)aw says: 
 
 A quart of wliisky will do more to demoralize Indians than a month of patient labor 
 ■wili accomplisli to civilize them.
 
 (i24 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The ii^Qr\t at Sac and Fox, Indian Territory, saj-s: 
 
 The wliiHky biiisint-HS lias been tho ciiiists of luoro dilUculty and more crime than all 
 otlicr caiisos coiubincd. 
 
 At Groat Nenuilui the agent testifies that: 
 
 Stroiijjf driuk is the preatcst cnrsi^ that besets (lie red irKin. Unprincipled whites in 
 the BetthMnents, knowing this weakness, and rugardli'ss of the couHefi'ifncea that may 
 follow, will barter their own souls that they may lill their coffers with their uulawful 
 and ill-gotten gains. 
 
 At Navajo Agency, one of the 'chiefs says: 
 
 We do not make whisky — it is the Americans that <To it — and we earnestly plead 
 that the Great Father will take it away from us and not let it ))e brought near us, for 
 our young men drink it like water. 
 
 The agent at Tulalip reports that: 
 
 No crimes of a serious character were committed on the reservation, and if it were 
 not for tilt" uefarions trade carried on in selling liquor to Indians by degraded white 
 men, the Indians would be a happy and prosperous race of people. 
 
 Page after page might be filled with similar testimonies. 
 
 The destruction of the licpior traffic among Indians is necessary, 
 alike for their welfare and for the protection and safety of the lives and 
 property of thousands of good citizens who have their homes near these 
 Indian reservations. The result desired can be accomplished by the 
 jjassage and enforcement of rigid laws, with severe penalties for the 
 violation thereof. If the guilty ones are surely and sufficiently pun- 
 isUed, it will soon be almost impossible for the Indians to get liquor. 
 The present law is defective. It provides that the penalty for giving 
 or selling liquor to an Indian shall be imprisonment for not ^iwre than 
 two years and a fine of not more than $300. This law should be so 
 amended as to specify a minimum penalty. 
 
 A few selections from reports of agents will show the necessity for 
 such an amendnient. • 
 
 The agent at Grande Konde says: 
 
 The greatest obstacle * * * is the constant watchfulness required to pre\ tin 
 them from obtaining whisky from a disreputable class of whites who hover around 
 the borders of the agency, or in the small towns, ever ready to furnish Indians liquor 
 and to take advantage of them as soon as they have become intoxicated. I have ,su< - 
 ceeded. in having from forty to fifty of this class of oli'enders arrested during the past 
 year, nearly every one of whom has been convicted, but the tines imposed are not 
 sufficient to give them a proper respect for law and order. Could our courts be induced 
 to make the sentence imprisonment instead, of a small fine,, I am confident there would 
 be fewer transgressors. 
 
 The agent at Green Bay says: 
 
 During the past year five young men have been killed while intoxicated. Drunk- 
 enness will continue among the Indians, in spite of the strongest eftort-s of agents and 
 Indian police, until Congress amends the law by adding, not less than three month.s' 
 imprisonment and not less than §50 fine. 
 
 The agent of the Mission Indians says: 
 
 But for the leniency of the courts in dealing Avith offenders who have been dc- 
 t-ected and arrested for carrying on this trafiic amoug them, barter results might be 
 reporied. 
 
 In view of these statements, and others on file in this office, I recom- 
 mend that section 2139 of the Kevised Statutes be so amended that 
 the punishment for the first oifense shall be imprisonment for not less 
 than one year, and a fine of not Ufis than 8100; and that for the second 
 and subsequent violations of hiAV the i)enalty. shall be imprisonment for 
 three years. 1 deem this amendment absolutely essential, as undt'r the 
 present law fixing a maximum, but not a minimum i^enalty, the law is 
 practicall.v of little value, the punishment, in some cases, being a fine 
 of ten dollars trnd imprisonment for one day, and this, too, after the
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 625 
 
 payment of many dollars in witness fees. The penalty should be com- 
 mensurate with the crime. 
 
 Section 2139 provides that "Every person [cjcccpt au Indian in the 
 Indian councryy^ shall be liable to punishment for sale of licpior to In- 
 dians, &c. A bill (li. R. oPt2) introduced bj' Kepresentative Haskell 
 at the last session of Congress proposes to amend the section by strik- 
 ing out the woids "except an Indian in the Indian country." I hope 
 this legisUxtion also will be secured. 
 
 One other amendment is, in my judgment, necessary. The War De- 
 partment is authorized' to introduce liquor into the Indian country. 
 This should not be. Fire should not be permitted near a powder- 
 magazine, nor whisky near an Indian reservation. Army whisky is no 
 better than other whisky; it does nut appear that its ettocts are any 
 more desirable. An Indian will as surely get drunk on army liquors 
 as on those obtained from less highly favored citizens of the country. 
 I recommend, therefore, that such portions of sections 2131) and 2140 
 as authorize the War Department, or Army otlicers, to introduce li(iuor 
 into the Indian country be repealed. 
 
 Notwithstanding the disadvantages under which agents labor on ac- 
 count of inadequate and defective law, and the leniency and inditfcrence 
 with which it is administered, they have made strenous efforts during 
 the year to repress tlie sale of liquor to Indians by the prosecution of 
 whisky sellers, and have been fairly successful. Through the eftbrts of 
 30 different agents, 13G cases have been prosecuted; 10 failed of convic- 
 tion, 36 are still pending, one foi'feited his bail bond, 1!> were i)unished 
 by fine, 30 by im])iisoument, and 31 by imprisonment and line. The 
 fines varied from $1 to $12r>, and the terms of imi)risoumcnt in jails, 
 houses of correction, and penitentiaries, from one da> to 3 years and a, 
 half. Only 7 were imprisoned for a year or over, and the average term 
 of the others was i)>^ days. The average line was $32. 
 
 The tendency of the law to bear theliardest on the weakest party was 
 well exemi)li(ic'(l among the Indians of the State of Xew York, where 3 
 white men were fined •'52(), $30, and 87.5, respectively, for selling licpior 
 to Indians; and for the same oflense an Indian was sentenced to 30 
 days in prison and a fine of $100. A table showing prosecutions and 
 penalties in detail, will be found on page 37.5, herewith. 
 
 Much larger results could have been secured if the olticehad funds at 
 its command to cover the expense of detecting liquoi- selling, making 
 arrests, sending witnesses to court, «S:c. For this purpose I urged last 
 year an ap])roi)riation of $3,000, wliicii was granted in the Douse but 
 failed in tlie Senate. Whatever dillerence of opinion may exist as to 
 the use of wliisky by wliite men, there is but one opinion as to the mis- 
 chief and danger of its use by Indians, and 1 can see no reason why the 
 small amount asked sliould not have been granted. 1 trust that Con- 
 gress at its next session will show sonu^ interest in the matter, and some 
 readiness to assist the ofQce in its single-handed light against this evil. 
 
 LEGISLATION REQUIRED. 
 
 Intruders on Indian lands. — In my last annual report I drew atten- 
 tion to the insuflieiency of existing lav's on this suWjet't. On the 20th of 
 March last, the draugiit of a bill for the more adecpiate prevention of 
 tres[>-isses on Indian lainls, previously prejjared in thisoffiee, was tians- 
 mitted by the, Picsident to Congress for consideration (House Ex. Doc. 
 iJo. 145, 47th Coug., Istsess.) 
 40 Ab
 
 626 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 This bill reads as follows : 
 
 Be it enacted b;f the Senate and Hauae of Representatives of ihs United States of America 
 in Congress assembled, That section twenty-one hundred and forty-eight of the Revised 
 Statutes of tlio United States be amended to read as follows, namely : 
 
 "Every person who without authority of law enters and shall be found upon^any 
 Indian lands, tribal reservation, or lands specially set apart for Indian jjurposes, shall, 
 for the first offense, upon conviction thereof, pay a fine of not more than five hundred 
 dollars, and be in)i>risoncd at hard labor for not more than one year; and for every 
 subsequent offense, shall, upon conviction thereof, pay a fine of not more than one 
 thousand dollars, and not less than five hundred dollars, and be imprisoned at hard 
 labor for not more than two years, nor less than oije year ; and the wagons, teams and 
 outfit of such person or persons so offending shall be seized and rlelivered to the 
 proper United States officer, and be proceeded against by libel in the proper court 
 and forfeited, one-half to the informer and the other half to the United States, and in 
 all cases arising underthis act, Indians shall be competent witnesses : Provided, however, 
 That the provisions of this section shall not apply to emigrants or travelers peaceably 
 passing through such Indian lands, tribal reservations, or lands especially set apart 
 for Indian purposes, without committing any willful trespass or injury to person or 
 property." 
 
 I greatly regret tliat Congress took no action in this matter. The 
 urgent necessity for an amendment of the law is again apparent in the 
 attempted settlement in the Indian Territory by the so-called "Okla- 
 homa Colony," under the leadership of D. L. Payne, which has twice 
 been repeated during the past year; first in May last, when Payne with 
 a party of followers was arrested in the Indian Territory by the military, 
 and afterwards released on the Kansas border; and more recently, in 
 the latter part of August, when, with a party consisting of seven men 
 and two women, and aA outfit of wagons, horses, &c.,he was again capt- 
 ured by the troops whilst endeavoring to effect a settlement at Okla- 
 homa. Upon this last occasion, refusing to go out of the Territory 
 peacefully, the party were disarmed and taken to Fort Reno as prisoners. 
 Upon the recommendation of this department, they were turned over 
 by the military to the United States civil authorities at Fort Smith, 
 Ark., by whom, it is reported, they have since been released to appear 
 at the November term of the United States court for the western 
 district of Arkansas, to answer to civil suits for the recovery of the 
 prescribed penalty of $1,000, which is the only redress the existing law 
 provides. The result will probably be judgments against them by de- 
 fault, which will be and remain uncollectible. 
 
 It is surely time that this farce which has now been going on for three 
 years or more, should cease. If Congress will give us a law (such as 
 has been laid before it) providing for imprisonment in addition to fine, 
 for each offense, these periodical invasions will be less frequent, if not 
 altogether stopped, and probably much distress will be avoided to in- 
 nocent parties who have been deluded by vague promises held out to 
 them. 
 
 Timber depredations on Indian lands. — The necessity for legislation to 
 protect the timber on Indian lands has been repeatedly and forcibly 
 urged in prior annual reports of this office. In my last report I adverted 
 to the wholesale destruction of timber in the Indian Territory, and the 
 disastrous climatic effects which it is apprehended will ensue unless the 
 evil is arrested. 
 
 At the last session of Congress a bill (S, 1646), prepared in this office, 
 extending the provisions of section 5388 of the Revised Statut«»s of the 
 United States for the protection and preservation of timber to Indian 
 lands, passed in the Senate, but was never reached in the House. It is 
 hoped that Congress will take up this bill at an early date. 
 
 Laws for India7is. — For years past urgent appeals have been made by 
 this office for such legislation as wiU insure a proper government of the
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 627 
 
 Indians, by providinfj tlmt tlie criminal laws of the United States shall 
 be in force on Indian reservations, and shall apply to all offenses, in- 
 cluding those of Indians against Indians; and by extending the juris- 
 diction of the United States courts to enforce tlie same ; in short to make 
 an Indian as amenable to law as any other subject of the United States. 
 From time to time various measures looking U) this end have been in- 
 troduced in Congress; l)ut from some cause or other — lack of time or of 
 proper appreciation of the inii)ortance of the subject — they have invari- 
 ably fallen throngh, so that to-day the only statutes under which In- 
 dians are managed and controlled are substantially those created in 1834, 
 known as the trade and intercourse laws, whose main purjjose was to 
 regulate tratlic in furs and prevent saleof amnumition and intoxicating 
 drinks and intrusion upon an Indian reservation. As civilization ad- 
 vances and the Indian is thrown into contact with white settlers the 
 authority of the chiefs proportionately decreases. It is manifest that 
 some provision of law should be made to supply this deficiency and pro- 
 tect Indians in their individual rights of person and property. At the 
 same time, the Indian should be given to understand that no ancient 
 custom, or tribal regulation, will shield him from just punishment for 
 crime. 
 
 The imi)ortance of this subject has been so frequently enlarged upon 
 in the annual reports of this office for years past that it seems almost 
 sui)ertiuous to add more ; but at the risk of being considered prolix I 
 herewith append an extract from a letter on file in this office from Agent 
 Wilbur, of the Yakima Agency, Washington Territory, an officer of over 
 sixteen 3-ears' experience with the Indians. Under date of March 10 
 last, he sa^'s: 
 
 Another, and at tliis agency, perhaps, eqnally impoi-tant matter, is the extension of 
 the Ujiited States law over the reservation. Possibly the situation here has brought 
 this matter more forcibly to my attention than to most agents. Just off tlie reserva- 
 tion, on one side, is Yakima City, and on the other Goldendale, and our Indians are 
 often there for ])urposeH of trade. When there they find themselves subject to a law 
 dilferent from that on the reservation; a law prompt and swift to punish, but power- 
 less to protect them. They witness its administration, and place a far higher value 
 on it than on the decisions of their councils, and cases have occurred where Indians, 
 thinking themselves a^tgrieved by the adverse decision of their councils, have watched 
 their opportunity, and, when their adversary happened iu town, have procured a re- 
 trial of the case before the justice of the jjeace. It does not affect the case that the 
 original decision was affirmed. The fact illustrates the higher value placed on the 
 Unrted States law, and the desire of the Indians to bo judged by it. Some of the more 
 unworthy Indians claim to have taken out "citizen papers," pay taxes, work the 
 county roads, and, boasting that they are no longer under the jurisdiction of the agent 
 or council, give themselves up to all manner of license, and before the police can reach 
 and arrest ihem are across the line, and defy all reservation authority. It is plain 
 that these things must be utterly destructive of all authority of the agent or council, 
 and e(|nally ])l;iin that such a state of affairs cannot iinuh longer continue. 
 
 Either all Indians should be pl;iced under the sole jurisdiction of the agent and the 
 council, or all should be brought eqiially under the operation of United States law. 
 On this point, othcers of the law, citizens, agent, and Indians are agreed, and it is 
 strange that so obviously proper and neceaaary a measure has not loug since been 
 adopted. 
 
 Criminals and paupers have always existed^ and I know no reason why the Indian 
 should not be cxpecteil to furnish Ins proportion of these classes; but I do claim that 
 when satisfied that etiually with the white man he is secure in the possession of his 
 home, and that the same law that judges and protects the white man throws its broad 
 shield over him also, he will furnish no more than his proportion. 
 
 At the last session of Congress, Uon. E. Willits introduced a bill (IT. 
 K. 755) "to extend tlie jurisdiction of the district and circuit courts of 
 the United States, for tlu' punishment of crimes on Indian reservations 
 within the limits of any State or organized Territory, and for other pur- 
 poses," which was referred to the Committee ou the Judiciary; but uo 
 further action appears to have been taken.
 
 6*28 PxiPKK.S ACCOMPANYING TIIK 
 
 I aj^ain respectfully reeonimeTid that the attention of Congress be 
 called to the subject, with a view to such legislation as it may deem 
 expedient. 
 
 In ref2:avd to the Indian Territory proper, a hill (S. 181) to transfer 
 the jurindiclion from the westei'ii district of Arkansas and to establish 
 a United States court in the Territory at Muscogee, Creek ifation, is 
 now x^ending before Congress. 
 
 BOUNDARY BETWEEN TBXAfe AND THE INDIAN TERRITORY. ' 
 
 A bill (H. R. 1715) is now before Congress seeking to establish the 
 North Fork of the Ked Kiver as the true boundary line between the 
 Indian Territory and the State of Texas, instead of the South Fork or 
 main branch, otherwise called the Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Ked 
 Eiver. The tract of country in dispute is about Gf) miles long and 40 
 miles wide, probably over 2,000 square miles, and contains a large 
 quantity of valuable land. The history of the question in disi)ute be- 
 tween the United States and the State of Texas, which has been agitated 
 for several years, will be found in a recent report of the Committee on 
 the Judiciary, to w^hom said bill was referred. (See House Report Xo. 
 1282, Forty-seventh Congress, first session.) This report concludes as 
 follows : ; 
 
 After a careful review of the facts in the case, for tho question as to which prong 
 of the river is the true riVer is really a question of fact, your committee is decidedly 
 of the oi)inion that the South Fork is the true boundary, and that therefore tho claim 
 of the State of Texas is unwarranted. * » * * » 
 
 If the data given in these reports are correct, there would seem to be no doubt of 
 the claim of the United States to the tract in dispute, and therefore your committee 
 report adversely to the bill referred to it. 
 
 But inasmuch as the claim is disputed, and that with the earnestness of belief on 
 the part of Texas, and inasmuch as none of the surveys referred to have been made 
 with the privity of the State of Texas, the ioiut commission appointed liaving faik'd 
 to act in concert, your committee is of the opinion that that State should have a 
 hearing in the matter, and should have an opportunity to co operate with the United 
 States in settling the facts upon which the questiou in dispute rests. A substitute is 
 reported for the aiipointment of a joint commission, the passage of which is recom- 
 mended. 
 
 In view of the complications which are already threatened through 
 persons claiming to exercise rights on the disputed tract under the 
 jurisdiction of the State of Texas, as also the great influx of cattle 
 lierds thereon, it is important that this question should be definitely' 
 settled by Congress at an early date. 
 
 "INDIAN COUNTRY." 
 
 During the last session of Congress the ineaniug of the words "In- 
 dian Country," as used in the Revised Statutes and other laws of the 
 United States, was made a subject of inquiry by the Senate Committee 
 on the Revision of the Laws. The attention of the Senate was called to 
 the matter by a letter from Judge McCrary, addressed to Hon. G. F. 
 Hoar, United States Senator, in which he stated that he had recently 
 had occasion to decide that section 1 of the act of June 30, 1834, known 
 as the "trade and intercourse act" (4 Stat., 729), was repealed by the 
 Revised Statutes, and that if he was correct in this ruling there was no 
 act of Cougress in force defining the meaning of the words "Indian 
 Country," or the locality or boundaries of the "Indian Country." The 
 committee concurred with Judge McCrary, and requested the \iews of 
 the department and the preparation of a bill drawn to meet the require- 
 ments of the public service.
 
 KEPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 629 
 
 A report was i)repared by tliis otiice reciting the various acts of Con- 
 gress relating- to the "Indian Country," and tbe decisions of the courts 
 tliereon. Tbe conclusioii readied in tlie report M'as in accord with the 
 decision rendered by Judge Hillyer, of tbe United States district court 
 of Xeva(bi, in tbe case of tbe United States rs. Leathers (G Sawyer, 17), 
 in which he held tbat section 1 of the intercourse law of 1834 was re- 
 pealed by the lievised Statutes, and that the words "Indian Country" 
 referred to the portions of the public land allotted to the use and occu- 
 ])ation of the Indians. There seemed, therefore, to be no occasion to 
 anticipate the difiQculties feared by Judge McCrary. 
 
 A bill was prepared, however, for the use of the committee, if they re- 
 garded any legislation as necessary, which provided that — 
 
 Tlie words "Indian Country," as used in chapter four of title twenty-elgbt of the 
 Revised Statutes and other laws of the United States, shall be construed to apply to 
 and include the following classes of Indian reservations, viz: Lands to which the 
 original Indian title has never been extinguished, but which have not been specifically 
 reserved by treaty, act of Congress, or otherwise, for the use of the Indians; lands ex- 
 pressly reserved by treaty or act of Congress, or set ajiart for iho use of the Indians by 
 executive order of the President of the United States ; lauds i)atented to Indian tribes; 
 and lands which have been purchased by or ceded to the United States for the pur- 
 pose of settling friendly Indians thereon. 
 
 This bill was favorably reported by the committee as Senate bill 2100, 
 with the following words stricken c^it: "lands to which the original 
 Indian title has never been extinguished, but which have not been 
 specifically reserved by treaty, act of Congress, or otherwise, for the use 
 of the Indians, or for other purposes," for the reason, as stated in the 
 report, that they believe that there are no such lands in the United 
 States. (See Senate Report ^o. 773, Forty-seventh Congress, first ses- 
 sion.) This clause was intended to cover the lands in Dakota occupied 
 and claimed by the Turtle Mountain band of Cbippewas. i!so further 
 action appears to have been taken upon the subject. 
 
 RIGHT OF WAY FOR RAILROADS THROUGH INDIAN RESERVATIONS. 
 
 Arizona Southern Railroad — Fapago Reserve, Arizoyia. — On the 21st 
 April last, tbe Arizona Southern llailroad Company, engaged in build- 
 ing a line of railroad from Tu{;son, Arizona, to the Mexican border line, 
 some ten miles south of Calabaz, made an informal agreement with 
 Chief Ascension Kios, on behalf of the Papago Indians, for a right of 
 way 200 feet wide front north to south through tbe Papago Ileserve, 
 covering a distance of about eight miles. For this concession the com- 
 pany agreed to erect, witliin the reservatioii for tbe use of the Indians, 
 a school bouse of adobe, to cost $3,000. Ui)on submission of this agree- 
 ment to the department, you directed tbat, since the reservation was 
 created by Executive order, an«l hence was excepted from the i)rovisions 
 of tbe right-of-way act of March 3, 1875, the company should first obtain 
 the tiuthority of Congress for a right of way before taking any further 
 action in the matter. 
 
 By act of Congress ni)i)roved August 5, 1882, a right of way not ex- 
 ceeding 200 feet in width through the Papngo Indian Reservation was 
 granted to the Arizona Southern Railroad Company, according to tbe 
 plans of route and survey of the said company, now on file in this de- 
 partment and approved by the Secretary of the Interior, subject to the 
 consent of the Indians occupying said reservation and to the payment 
 by said railroad company to the Secretary of tbe Interior of such com- 
 jKMisation as may be lixrd by him, to be expemb'd by him for the benefit 
 ojt' tbe said Indiatis. Measures are now being taken to carry out the 
 pto visions of the act.
 
 630 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Denver and Jiio Grande Railroad — Ute Reserve in Colorado. — On May 
 12, 1880, in accordance, Avitli tbo provisions of the treaty of March 2, 
 1808, with the Ute Indians in Colorado, the President issued his i)roclar 
 matioii authorizing' the Denver and Kio Grande Eailroad Company to 
 construct its line of railroad, with extensions and branches thereof, 
 through the Ute Ileservation. On April 22, 1881, information having 
 reached tliis oilice that the Indians were becoming restive at the pres- 
 ence of the working force of the railroad, and had threatened to stop 
 the work until compensation was made to them for the lands taken, I 
 reported the facts to the department, and on May 3, following, the 
 president of tlie company was notified by your predecessor to stop the 
 construction of the road until the consent of the Indians had been ob- 
 tained and proper compensation made to them. No attention was paid 
 by the company to this notice. The road has been constructed and is 
 now in operation, and the question of compensation still remains open. 
 
 In his annual report to the President your predecessor held that the 
 Indians were entitled to compensation for the occupancy of their lands 
 by the company, and recommended that suitable action be taken by 
 Congress looking to an adjustment of the rights of the respective par- 
 ties. (See annual report of Secretary of Interior for 1881, p. X.) No 
 action, however, appears to have been taken by Congress in the matter. 
 
 In view of the provisions of tlie act of Congress of June 15, 1880 
 (21 Stat., 199), ratifying the agreement made with the Utes for the sale 
 of their reservation ; their subsequent removal, and the provisions of 
 the act passed at the last session, approved July 28, 1882, declaring all 
 that portion of the Ute Eeservation lately occupied by the Uncom- 
 pahgre and White Eiver Utes to be public lands of the United States, 
 and subject to disposal in accordance with the provisions of section 3 
 of the said act of June 15, 1880, I have the honor to submit for your 
 consideration what action, if any, shall now be taken in the premises. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Raihcay — Sionx Reserve in Da- 
 kota. — Since the preparation of my last Annual Eeport, the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee and Saint Paul Eailway Company has paid into this de- 
 partment, for the use of the Sioux Indians, the sum of $13,911, partial 
 payment for right of way, depot and station grounds, required for the 
 purposes of the road upon the Great Sioux Eeserve, west of the ]\[issouri 
 Eiver, in accordance with the terms of the agreement of November 2, 
 1880, and has been authorized to proceed Avith the construction of the 
 road. The balance of the consideration money agreed to be paid for the 
 right of way is payable after the company shall have constructed 100 
 miles of road upon the reserve. 
 
 The company has also definitely located the section of 640 acres re- 
 quired for depot purj)oses, on the west bank of the ]\Iissouri Eiver, in- 
 cluded in the above-mentioned purchase. By supplemental agreement 
 of November 10, 1880, the company agreed to pay for all improvements 
 of individual Lower Brul6 Indians falling within the limits of said sec- 
 tion sucli amount of compensation as may be awarded by a commission 
 to be appointed by the Secretary of the Interior. Steps are now being 
 taken to perfect the list of Indians who are entitled under this agree- 
 ment, with a view to an adjustment of damages in manner provided. 
 
 This company has also definitely located a tract of 188 acres for dei)ot 
 purposes, &c., on the Crow Creek Eeserve, east of the Missouri Eiver, as 
 provided for by the agreement of November 13, 1880. It has also tiled 
 a map of its road as constructed througli the Crow Creek Eeserve, under 
 the terms of said agreement. The total consideration money payable 
 in resi)ect of laud so taken on the Crow Creek Eeserve is $1,424.76,
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 631 
 
 which the company is ready to pay. The maps are now before the de- 
 partment for approval. 
 
 Dakota Central Raila-ai/ — Sioux Reserve in Vahota. — Tlie Dakota Cen- 
 tral Eailway Company lias dcliiiitely located the .section of land at Fort 
 Pierre, on the west side (»f the ^Nlissonri Jiiver, j;ranted nndcr the a^^ree- 
 ment with the Sionx Indians June 12, 1880, and has i)aid into the de- 
 I)artment, for the u.se of said Indian.s, tin* sum of .■i:;3,liO(), as consideration 
 money therefor. It has also ]»aid to the <lei)artment the sum of $.'575 
 for the ri^ht of way thron{,di the Old Winnebajio Iteserve, east of the 
 river, granted by the a<rreement of Decembi'r .Jl, 1880. I am not ad- 
 vised what proj^ress has been made in the construction of this road. 
 
 Idaho, Clear M^'ater and Montana Transportation Company — Nez I'ercS 
 Reserve, Idaho.— On the 27th January last, Agent Warner, in charge of 
 the Nez Perc^ Intlians, transmitted to this ottice a i)etition of the Idaho, 
 Clear Water and Montana Trans])ortation Company (a corporation 
 of the Territory of Idaho, engaged in the construction of railroads 
 from Lewiston east into Montana), for a right of way along the Clear 
 Water Kiver and through the Xez Perc6 Keservation, established by 
 treaty of June 9, 18(J3 (14 Stat. Gol), which treaty provides for the estab- 
 lishment of roads npon that reservation under authority of the United 
 States. In transmitting the api)lication the agent stated that the Indi- 
 ans appeared to favor the building of the road, as it would open up a 
 good market for their farm produce, and that it would also greatly 
 facilitate the delivery of supplies to the agency. He therefore earnestly 
 recommended the granting of the petition, subject to the consent of the 
 Indians. 
 
 In pursuance of department instructions of the 8th May last, Agent 
 Warner was directed to convene a council of the Indians for the purpose 
 of laying the matter before them and obtaining their consent to a peace- 
 ful preliminary survey in order to determine the definite location of the 
 road upon the' reservation, with the understanding that before any con- 
 struction of the road could be commenced the consent of three-fourths 
 of the adult male Indians upon the reservation would be necessary, and 
 that reasonable comi)ensatiou, subject to the approval of the department, 
 would be required from the company for the right of way and lauds 
 taken. On the 10th June last, Agent Warner reported to this office 
 that he had submitted the ]>roposition to the Indians in council as.sem- 
 bled, and that greatly to hia suriirise they had almost unanimously 
 voted against it. Sidj.sequent advices from the agent seem, however, to 
 indicate that the Indians acted under a misapprehension, and that they 
 will reconsider their determination this fall. 
 
 Utah and 2\orthern Railroad — Shoshone and Bannack {Fort Hall) Re- 
 serve, Idaho. — Pcference was made in my last annual repoit to an 
 agreement which had been entered into with the Shoshone and Bannack 
 Indians of Idaho for the extinguishnu^nt by the government of their 
 title to so much of the lands of their reservation as are recpiired for the 
 purposes of the Utah and Northern Pailroad Company in the construc- 
 tion of a road from east to west through the I-'ort Hall Keserve. By this 
 agreement, which is dated July IS, 18S1, the Shoshone and Paunack 
 Indians ceded to the United States a strip of land cxtcuiling froin east 
 to west through their reservation, to be used by said railroad compaTiy 
 asarightof way and road bed, containing 070 acns. or thereabouts; also 
 certain plots of land for dc])ots. stations, &(•., containing about 102 acres. 
 For this cession the United States agreed to pay to the Shoshone and 
 Bannack Indians $0,000, or about $7.77 per acre, to be deposited in the 
 United States Treasury to the credit of said Indians, upon ralilication
 
 632 PAPliliS ACCOMi'ANYlNG THE 
 
 of the agreement by Congress and necessary appropriations therefor, 
 and to bear interest at 5 i)er ceut. 
 
 This agreement was ratified by act of Congress approved July 3, 1882, 
 section 3 of wliich provides ibr the grant of right of way and the use of 
 the })lots of hiiid so relim]uished to the Utah and Northern liailroad 
 Com])any, its successors and assigns, for the purposes set forth in the 
 agreenient, but requires the coujpany, as a condition i)recedent to the 
 use of the hinds, to pay to the Treasurer of the United States, %vithiu 
 ninety days from the passage of the act, the said sum of 80,000 thereby 
 ap])ropriated, and to file with the Secretary of the Interior its written 
 acceptance of the conditions of said section. These requirements have 
 been complied with by the company, and I am informed by the Secre- 
 tary of the Treasury that the 60,000 have been deposited with him. The 
 Utah and Northern liailroad Company has since assigned its rights ac- 
 quired under said act of Congress to the Oregon Short Line Kailway 
 Company. 
 
 Atlaiitic and Pacific Railroad — Indian Territory. — Under authority 
 of an act of Congress approved July 27, 18GG (14 Stat., 292); the several 
 treaties negotiated during the same year with the Cherokees, Creeks, 
 Choctaws and Chickasaws, and Seminoles, providing for an east and 
 ■west and a north and south railroad through their respective countries ; 
 and the decision of Hon. Secretary Cox, dated May 21, 1870, approved 
 by the President May 23, 1870, and the decision of your immediate pre- 
 decessor in office, dated March 31, 1882 ; the construction of the At- 
 lantic and Pacific liailroad westward from Vinita, Cherokee Nation, 
 through the Indian Territory, which had been susi)ended for some years 
 past, has been resuined. 
 
 Under date of March 27, 1882, the company entered into an agree- 
 ment with the Cherokee Nation for the purchase of materials required 
 in the construction and repairs of the road in the Cherokee country, 
 under the provisions of the Cherokee laws in relation to such purchases ; 
 also for the settlement and adjustment by the courts and laws of said 
 nation of all questions for damages to property. The company has also 
 filed a new bond of same date in the sum of 8500,600, payable to the 
 order of the Secretary of the Interior, in trust for the several nations 
 and tribes of Indians owning or occupying the lauds of the Indian Ter- 
 ritory, conditioned for the faithful performance of the obligations im- 
 posed on said company by the act of Congress of July 27, 1800, and in 
 other particulars for the protection of the Indians. Bond and agree- 
 ment "were approved in the deijartinent April 3, 1882. 
 
 The act of Congress, July 27, 1800, authorizes the Atlantic and Pacific 
 Eailroad Company to construct "a branch from the point at which the 
 road strikes tlje Canadian Elver eastwardly along the most suitable 
 route as selected, to a point on the western boundary line of Arkansas 
 at or near the town of Van Buren." The map of location of the branch 
 roati from the point on the main line at which it strikes the Canadian 
 Eiver, eastwardly to Van Buren in Arkansas, shows the line of route to 
 be as follows : From its junction with the main line as above, down the 
 Canadian on its north side to where it empties into the Arkansas River; 
 cx'ossing the Arkansas and running down said river on its north side to 
 Van Buren; in its route passing through country occupied under Execu- 
 tive ortler by the Cheyenncs and Arapahoes, through the reservation of 
 the Pottawatomies, and through the Seminole, Creek, and Cherokee 
 countries. Your predecessor held that should the branch road be built 
 on the line of location as laid down on the maps, there would then be 
 two east and west roads tlirough the Creek and Cherokee country, which
 
 KEPORT OF THE SECliETAKY OF lUJi l.NTLEIOK. 633 
 
 would be in Tiolation of the treaties witb tliose Indians "which provide 
 lor but one east and west and one north and south road throu<ih their re- 
 spective countries. He was therelbre of o]>iuion that shouhl the branch 
 . road be built, it should not be allowed to cross the country of the Creeks 
 or of the Cherokees, but should have its line, so far as tliose countries 
 are concerned, south of the Canadian and Arkansas Kivers. 
 
 On the 10th August last the Atlantic and Tacitic IJailroad Com])auy, 
 through its general solicitor. General Williamson, api>lied to this oflice, 
 stating that the road had been coin])leted from Vinita, through the Cher- 
 okee and Creek country, to a i)oint near the Arkansas Kiver, which 
 would be township 19 north, range lli east, if the surveys were extended; 
 that the company had carefully surveyed the line of main rt)ad so laid 
 down on the map of definite location, and finding many engineering difli- 
 culties to contend with, asked permission to explore the country south 
 of the line located for the purpose of gaining such information as would 
 enable it to contrast the cost of constructing and maintaining a road ou 
 a more southern route with the cost of constructing a road along the 
 Cimarron Eiver, and with the ultimate intention of laying the facts and 
 figures before the department, with a view to procuring a ruling upou 
 the question as to the exact line upon which the company should build 
 its road, if any doubt should exist as to where it might build. 
 
 The request appearing reasonable, permission to make the necessary 
 explorations through the country designated was granted, subject to the 
 consent of the Indians, viz, the Greeks, iSacs and Foxes, and Chey- 
 ennes and Arapahoes, through whose lands the exploring party would 
 necessarily ])ass, and General Williamson was so notified by office letter 
 of August 31, 1882. The several agents for these Indians were at the 
 same time directed to consult with them and endeavor to procure their 
 consent to the passage of the company's employes through their lauds 
 for the purposes indicated. The Cheyenues and Arapahoes who, in 
 November, 1881, seriously objected to the construction of the road have 
 readily assented. The Creeks and Sac and Fox Indians have, as yet, 
 taken no definite action in the matter, but it is not api^rehended that 
 any serious objection will be interposed. 
 
 Saint Louis and San Francisco Railroad — Choctaio and Chiclasaw 
 country, Indian Territory. — On the 2d of August, 1882, Congress passed an 
 act granting a right of way to the Saint Louis and San Francisco Kail way 
 Com])any for a railroad and telegraph line through the laiuls of the 
 Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations of Indians in the Iiuiiau Territory, 
 commencing at a itoint to be selected by the company on the line of the 
 Choctaw Naticn, immediately contiguous to Sebastian or Scott Counties, 
 in the State of Arkansas, and running thence in a southwesterly direc- 
 tion on the most direct and practicable route through the lands of the 
 Choctaw and (Jliickasaw Kations in the diiection of Paris, in tlie State 
 of Texas, and to contiiuie to or connect with a [jroposed road from the 
 city of Paris afoiJ'said. This grant is m;idc subject to the condition 
 that the said railway company shall pay quarter-anriually to the national 
 treasurers of said nations, every year during the existence of the rights 
 and ]>rivileges granted, to be usi-d for the benefit of schools therein, 
 the sum of STjO, in the proixution of one-fourth to the Chickasaws and 
 three-fouiths to the Choctaws, with a proviso that if the general coun- 
 cils of said nations, or either of them, shall, within sixty thiys after the 
 passage of the act, by resolution duly adopted, dissent from the allow- 
 ance provided for, and shall re])ort the same to the Secretary of the 
 Interior, then the compensation to be paid for the uses and grants in the
 
 634 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 act made for such dissenting tribes shall be determined by appraisers 
 to be appointed as in said a<5t mentioned. 
 
 The act, wliieii is quite lengthy, provides for the cojnpletion of the 
 road and tclegiaidi within two years from the date of acceptance by the 
 company. It also contains various clauses and stipulations for the pro- 
 tection of the Indians, and declares that failing certain conditions therein 
 prescribed, the said company shall forfeit all rights thereunder, which, 
 upon declaration and consent of the Secretary of the Interior, shall inure 
 to the Chicago, Texas and Mexican Central Eailway Company upon 
 like conditions as in said act mentioned; and upon its failure to comply 
 therewith, then the privileges granted to the Saint Louis and San Fran- 
 cisco Eailway Company shall apply to any other incorporated comjiany 
 that shall have first obtained the approval of the President of the United 
 States. 
 
 Northern Pacific Railroad — Crmo Reserve, Montana. — By an agreement 
 dated August 22, 1881 (also referred to in my last annual report), the 
 Crow Indians surrendered to the United States all their right, title, and 
 interest in and to a strip of land 400 feet wide, extending from east to 
 west across their reservation, containing about 5,384 acres, to be used by 
 the Northern Pacific Eailroad Company as a right of way and road bed; 
 also certain plots of land, aggregating 266 acres or thereabouts, for depot 
 and station purposes. For the lauds so relinquished the United States 
 agreed to pay to the Crow Indians $25,000, to be deposited in the United 
 States Treasury to the credit of said Indians upon ratification of the 
 agreement by Congress and necessary appropriation therefor, to be ex- 
 pended for the benefit of the Indians in such manner as the Secretary of 
 the Interior may direct. 
 
 This agreement was ratified by act of Congress approred July 10, 
 1882, section 3 of which provides for the grant of the right of way, and 
 the use of the plots of land so relinquished, to the Northern Pacific 
 Eailroad Company, its successors and assigns, for the uses and purposes 
 mentioned in said agreement, but requires the company, as a condition pre- 
 cedent to the user of the lands, to pay to the Treasurer of the United 
 States,within 60 days from thei^assage of the said act, the sum of $25,000, 
 thereby appropriated, and to file with the Secretary of the Interior its writ- 
 ten acceptance of the conditions of said section. The acceptance above 
 required has been filed in this oflice, but I have no information as to the 
 payment of the $25,000. 
 
 Northern Pacific Railroad, JocTco {Flathead) Reserve, Montana. — The 
 Northern Pacmc Railroad Company having applied for a right of way 
 through the Jocko Eeserve, in Montana, occupied by the confederated 
 tribes of the Flathead, Upper Pend d'Oreilles, and Kootenay Indians, un- 
 der the treaty of July ] 6, 1855 (12 Stat., 975), Assistant Attorney-General 
 McCammon was detailed by you on the 22d July last, to jiroceed to the 
 Flathead Agency and negotiate with the Indians, under the treaty and 
 acts of Congress in that behalf, for the extinguishment of their title to 
 so much of the lands of their reservation as are required for the pur- 
 poses of the Northern Pacific Eailroad Company for the construction of 
 its road westwardly, through that reserve, according to certain plans 
 filed by the company in this department. Mr. McCammon has not 
 yet filed his official report, but I am informally advised by him that he 
 succeeded in negotiating an agreement with the Indians, by which the 
 lands necessary for a right of way 200 feet wide, and extending a dis- 
 tance of about 53 miles across the reservation, with suitable grounds 
 for station ijurposes, are relinquished to the United States upon pay- 
 ment of $16,000, this sum to be deposited in the Treasury of the United
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 635 
 
 States to the* credit of said confederated tribes upon ratification of 
 tl»e a.irreenient l»y Congress, and to be ex]»cnded for the benetit of the 
 Indians in snch manner as the Secretary of the Interior may direct. 
 Provision is also made for tlie ])ayment of $7,500 for improvements of 
 individual Indians of said tribes falling within the boundaries of the 
 lapds so relinquishe<t. The necessary papers will be hereafter submit- 
 ted to you for transmission to Congress. 
 
 Atchison and Kebrasl-a Iiailroad — loica Reserve, Nebraska. — The agree- 
 ment of June 18, 1881, with the Iowa Indians of Nebraska for a new 
 right of way across their reserve to the Atchison and ^Nebraska Kailroad 
 Company has been finally completed, and was approved by you on the 
 4th of August last. The quantity of land taken by the company amounts 
 to six and one-half acres, for which they have paid at the rate of $25 
 per acre. 
 
 Carson and Colorado Eailroad — Walker River Reserve^ Nevada. — On 
 April 13, 1880, the Carson and Colorado Iiailroad Company entered into 
 an inforuml agreement with the Pah-ute Indians lor a right of way across 
 the Walker Kiver Keserve, which was set apart by Executive order, 
 March 19, 1874. Under a misconception of therequirenu^ntsof the law 
 in such cases, but a])parently in good faith, the eomi)any constructed 
 its road upon the reserve without procuring the necessary legal authority. 
 As soon as the facts were detinitely ascertained in this ol'iice they were 
 reported to the department for instructions, and on the loth March last 
 your predecessor directed that a formal agreement embodying the terms 
 theretofore agreed upon between the railroad company and the Indians 
 should be obtained and submitted to the department for approvaband 
 transmission to Congress for ratification. Such agreement was accord- 
 ingly prepared and executed by a majority of the Indians interested 
 and the railroad company, under date of 9th August last, and will in due 
 course be submitted for your a})proval, and ratification at the next session 
 of Congress. 
 
 New Mexico and Southern Pacific Railway Company — Pueblos of Neto 
 Mexico. — The New Mexico and Southern Pacific Kailway Company, fail- 
 ing to come to terms with the Indians of the i)ueblo Santo Domingo, for 
 a rightof way across theirland grant, and for lands siifiicient for a division 
 station thereon, has commenced ])roceedings in the Territorial courts 
 to obtain title under the provisions of the general incorjxiration act 
 relating to railroads in the Territory of New Mexico, February 2, 1878. 
 The Pueblo Indians of New Mexico stand on a plane <lifferent from that 
 of ordinary Indians. They are not Indian tribes within the meaning 
 of the acts of Congress prohibiting settlement by any ])erson on laud 
 belonging, secured, or granted by treaty with the United States to any 
 Indian tribe; but they are held to have acomi)lete title to theirlands and 
 their rights may be maintained under the Teriitorial laws of New .Mexico 
 (U. S. vs. Joseph, 4 Otto, 014). By these laws the several tribes of 
 Pueblo Indians are incorporated bodies politic and corporate, with power 
 to sue and be sued in any court of law or equity in respect of any claim 
 to lands occupied or claimed contrary to law by any person whatsover, 
 and to resist any encroachment or trespass thereon. 
 
 In April, 188i, comiilaint having been ma<le by the local agent that 
 the railway com])any had established a division station named ''Wal- 
 lace" ujion the lands (tf the i)ueblo Santo Domingo for the accommoda- 
 tion of its emi)loyes, to which numerous settlers were flocking, o!»ening 
 lip trading establislnnents, whisky saloons, «S:c., against the wishes of 
 the In<lians, the United States attorn«'y for the district of New Mexico 
 was, at the request of this dcpartmenlj directed by the lion. Attorney-
 
 636 PAJ'KKS A<jco,Mi^\i\iiA<j. jjii: 
 
 General to co operate willi llie a;;ei!t lor the proteetioji of the Indians, 
 and to act as their iUtorney in cases where it niiplit b(;cdrne necessary 
 to apply to the couits for their reliel", or where tlieir interests were in 
 jeopardy. The Indians Inivinj;' ])ositively refused to sell any portion of 
 tlieir lands for a towji site at Wallace, and the settlers being equally 
 determined to remain, pro('eeflin.i;s for their removal have been insti- 
 tuted under the direction of the United States attorney as the attorney 
 for the Indians. In like manner he has been requested by the agent to 
 protect the interests of the Indians in the proceedings by the company 
 to appraise the "V'alue of tlie lands taken for right of way. 
 
 PAYSrENTS OF CASH ANNUITIES. 
 
 Miamies of Indiana. — The payment of the principal sum, $221,257.86, 
 which became due to these Indians, under the treaty of 1854, on the 1st 
 day of July, 1880, and which w^as provided for by act of March 3, 1881, as 
 noted in my re])ort for last year, where I expressed the hope that but a 
 short time longer would be necessary to complete it, has been somewhat 
 delayed. As the work ])rogressed various questions i)resented them- 
 selves, some of which could uot have been foreseen, such as doubtful 
 claims, the right of members of this branch of the tribe who had been 
 drawing moneys with the Western Miamies to share with both tribes, 
 and as to who were the jiroper parties to receive the shares of deceased 
 beneficiaries. The procuring of properly-qualified guardians for minors, 
 the security required by the act being so large, was attended with nuich 
 difficulty and delay ; and the claim of Vandeventer & jMcDowell, which 
 this act also provided should be adjusted and paid, demanded time and 
 attention beyond what was at first anticipated. Thus, much unavoid- 
 able delay had to be submitted to, as no step could be taken until this 
 ofiice was assured beyond reasonable doubt that the law was being 
 strictly complied with. Therefore it was not' until the 31st of January, 
 1882, that the first payment was effected, and on the 5th of the follow- 
 ing July, the date of last report from Hon. Calvin Cowgill, who has 
 charge of this payment, some twenty claims still remained to be paid 
 to the heirs or legal re]>resentatives of persons deceased. These, re- 
 quiring the action of the courts, took moie time, but I am now per- 
 suaded that all will be completed in a few days. I may here call atten- 
 tion to the faithful manner in which Agent Cowgill has discharged this 
 arduous and resixmsible duty. IS^ot withstanding the numerous per- 
 plexing questions involved, and the well-known readiness of designing 
 whites to take advantage of any oversight or tiaw in the dealings of 
 the agents of the government with the Indians, whereby they might 
 hope to reap some advantage to themselves, no expression of dissatis- 
 faction has reached .this office from any of the Miamies, and I believe 
 strict justice has been done. 
 
 Although this mojiey was due to the ]\Iiamies by treaty on the 1st day 
 of July, 1880, no action was taken toward ])roviding for its payment 
 until March 3, 1881. The interest, however, for the year 1881, although 
 not provided for in the treaty, was paid to them, and this was satisfac- 
 tory; but as th^'. payment of the principal was still deferred for at least 
 six months, during the fiscal year 1882, without fiinlt of theirs, they 
 consider themselves, through the precedent of having been paid for 
 1881, and in equity, entitled to additional interest. This they are the 
 rather disposed to expect as they ai)i)ear to have heard of the appro- 
 jiriation made for ])aying them for tlie full fiscal year 1882, which still 
 remains on the books in this otfice. It therefore seems uecessar\' that
 
 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 637 
 
 some further action be taken in the case to finally settle it, either by 
 allowing them a part of the money, say interest for six months of the 
 year 1882, or by covering the whole amount back into tlie Treasury. 
 
 Winnehaf/oes. — Circumstances have prevented my fully carryiiifc out 
 the provisions of the act approved January 18, 1881, for the benelit of 
 these Indians. The clerk who was detailed fiom this olUce to take a 
 census of those in Wisconsin was i)revented through the interfereuce 
 of some meddlesome whites from completin<; it as quickly as had been 
 anticipated. No ap])ropriation had been made to meet his expenses, 
 and but a very limited amount could be spared from the continj;ent 
 fund of this department for that jmriiose, and wlicn this was exhausted, 
 in December last, he was compelled to al)au<lon the effort to con)i)lete 
 the census, leaviufj about one-third of these Indians yet to be enrolled. 
 
 Early in the following- spring" 1 called the attention of the department 
 to the difficulties in the case, and sug-gested that an ai)peal be made to 
 Congress for funds to coin])lete the work, but no appropriation was 
 made for the purjiose. This is to be regretted, as the Indians need the 
 money and are in most instances prepared to make a good use of it, and 
 any considerable delay may necessitate going" over much of the ground 
 again. Several parties in Wisconsin have expressed a desire to finish 
 this work, but I am of the opinion that sending- a comjietent and per- 
 fectly disinterested j)erson to do it woidd be most beneficial to the In- 
 ilians, by preventing the possibility of their being controlled by self-con- 
 stituted, unscrupulous attorneys, such as have already greatly retarded 
 my efforts to properly carry out the a(!t. T therefore repeat mj' former 
 suggestion, that funds should be i)rovided for this purpose. 
 
 The number of Indians who on account of the interference of white 
 men refused to be enrolled is about 2.")0. As a result of this i)artial 
 failure, no money has been paid to those. Indians who comi)lied with the 
 request of the government, and they are made to suffer because of the 
 obstinate and rebellious attitude of a part of the tribe. This is making 
 the innocent suffer for the acts of the guilty, and ought, in some man- 
 ner, to be remedied, so that the law-abi<ling ones should be paid what is 
 justly due them. I can see neither reason ntn'justice in refusing or neg- 
 lecting longer to i)ay these Indians who have willingly done all that 
 was required of them by the government. 
 
 As se\eral of these Indians, in anti<:ipation of this money, selected 
 lands, which the want of it rendered them unable to secure, a tempo- 
 rary exi)e(lient was resorted to, and an airangement made with the hon- 
 orable Commissioner of the (xeneral Land Olhce, \\ hereby the claim- 
 ants can go before t\w ag<'nt for the otiiee nearest to them, and, by prov- 
 ing their Winneliago blood, «S:c., and their willingness to eoinply with 
 the provisions of the act of .Inly 18, 18S1, the land they have selected 
 can be reserved Ibr them until this money is paid. 
 
 Wyandottrs.—'nw payment to this ti-ibe of Indians of 828,100.51, the 
 sum appropriated by the act of INlarch o, 1881, which was to bo in lull 
 paynu^nt of their claim .under treaty of Febiuary 2.?, 18(17, was com- 
 l)leted on the l.'ith of Apiil last. A very carelul census having been 
 taken, and the claims of those who applied to be enrolled carefully ex- 
 amined, all who could not be proved (o I)e members of the Wyandotte 
 tribe, as defined in the treaties made with these Indians, were rejected. 
 
 The ])ayment seems to have been very satislaetory to the Indians, 
 especially as the claim of Isaiah Walker, for $17,!K)I» for a terry fran- 
 chise, on being oxaniined. was not considered good against this fund, 
 and was thei-efon' disallowed. 
 
 Sac and Fox, loica. — Since my report for 1881, this branch of the Sac
 
 638 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 and Fox tribe has becoino more tractable and williiij:? to comply with 
 the rules f^oveniinji: annuity i);iyiii('i)ts, so that $40,()()() of their back and 
 current annuities has been paid to them, viz, $20,000 in January last, 
 and the same amount in the following Anj;ust. This was a per capita 
 of about $128, or over $500 to each family of four persons, which number 
 their domestic relations will average. Of this large sum, after ])ayiug 
 some back taxes on their lands, they had expemied, by September 1, 
 almost every cent, excei)t about $3,000, with which they propose to 
 purchase more land, Avhich they greatly need. It is to be regretted 
 that at least half of the entire payment could not have been use<l for 
 this purpose, rather than squandered in ways, if not injurious, yet of but 
 doubtful beuelit to them. But as the money was their own, no action 
 could be taken by this office further than giving them good advice. 
 
 The agent complains of drunkenness amongst these Indians, which 
 he, for want of means, is unable to prevent, but it is hoped the stringent 
 liquor law now in force in that State will result in their being benefited 
 to a greater degree by future annuities. 
 
 Alltheotherregularannuities, &c., have been paid duriugthe year with- 
 out incident worthy of special remark, and it is a gratifying fact that al- 
 though a total sum of about $650,000 has been so disbursed to the Indians, 
 during this time, having to i^ass through many hands, and find its way to 
 the owners often in the least civilized part of the country, no case of loss 
 to the government or to the Indian has occurred, either through acci- 
 dent, carelessness, or design. The present system of enrolling the In- 
 dians is so perfect, each birth, death, change in relationship of members 
 of families, Enghsh and Indian name, age, and sex being duly recorded, 
 that oversight or imposition is almost impossible, and general satisfac- 
 tion among the Indians is the result. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 Exclusive of the five civilized tribes, the whole number of Indian 
 pupils attending school the past year has been 8,412. Of these 476 were 
 in attendance at the Carlisle, Hampton, and Forest Grove training 
 schools. Of the remainder 3,937 attended reservation boarding schools 
 and 3,999 reservation day schools. The average attendance for the year 
 has been 5,126. A table giving the schools in detail, with the attend- 
 ance and condition of each, will be found on page 376. The following 
 table shows the gradual progress which has taken place in Indian edu- 
 cation during the last six years : 
 
 Average 
 attendance. 
 
 1877 6,019 . 3,598 
 
 1878 6,229 4,142 
 
 1879 7,193 4,488 
 
 1880 7,240 4,651 
 
 1881 8,109 4,976 
 
 1882 ; 8,412 5,126 
 
 
 
 Boarding-schools. — Six new boarding-schools have been opened during 
 the past year at the Eouud Valley, Lower Brule, Fort Peck, Western 
 Shoshone, Navajo, and Yankton Agencies, making the whole number 
 now in operation 74, including the training-schools at Carlisle, Hampton, 
 and Forest Grove. In each of the reservation boarding-schools instruc- 
 tion is given the girls in all branches of household industry as well as the 
 making and repair of garments. The work of the kitchen, laundry, 
 diuiug-room, dormitory, and sewing-room is performed by them under
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE 'INTERIOR. 639 
 
 the supervisicm of the employes of the school, and it is exi)ected that they 
 will receive as thorough and constant instruction in the art of home- 
 raaking as in reading- and writing the English language. It is in this 
 department that the want of suitable buildings and appliances has been 
 most severel}' felt, and thereby i)rogress lias been most seriously retarded. 
 "Want of funds has compelled the refusal to many schools of wells, cis- 
 terns, suitable furniture, and clothing materials, and the many articles of 
 convenience which are considered essential to the i)roi»('r management of 
 a private family, and wliicli are even more sorely needed for the smooth 
 working of a large household. The Indian is an a])prentice to civiliza- 
 tion, and he cannot be expected to make rapid advancement in his trade 
 if tlie tools furnished him are poor in quality and insufticient in number 
 and variety. Too often the ingenuity of teachers has been taxed to see 
 how they could manage to do without, instead of how they could teach 
 pupils to use," the appliances of civilized life. 
 
 Industrial training for boys is also carried on at reservation boarding 
 schools, and is receiving more and more attention with each year. In 
 connection with 57 schools, 1,245 acres are under cultivation, and the 
 crops the past year have amounted to 8,370 bushels corn, 3,<j98 bushels 
 oats, 11,683 bushels vegetables, 1,L'48 bushels wheat, 154 tons hay, 1,L'50 
 melons, 1,575 pumpkins, and 2,800 heads of cabbage. In addition to 
 farming and gardeniug, the preparing of fuel and carrying of winter 
 gives many hours of labor to the boys, and the teaching of trades is 
 rapidly being introduced. Blacksmithing, tailoring, and harness-mak- 
 ing are taught at four schools ; seven teach shoemaking, ten cari)enter- 
 ing, and fifteen tlie raising and care of stock. Training in these branches 
 has been greatly stimulated by the success of the experiments at Car- 
 lisle, Hampton, and Forest Grove. Agent^ are taking these schools as 
 models of what an Indian school should be, and pupils at home are in- 
 terested to learn the branches which are being taught their more 
 favored relatives. 
 
 In industrial education Indian boarding-schoolsaredoingpioneer work. 
 There are neither precedents nor text-books to follow. In very few 
 schools in the United States can the white child, unless he is a criminal, 
 learn how to work as well as how to read ; how to use his hands as well as 
 his head. Thisneed is receiving the attention of educators and philantliro- 
 pists, and the success of the experiment among Indians is being watched 
 with interest by the friends of the lower classes both white and black. 
 One of the first obstacles encountered is the outlay of fuuds rerjuired. 
 To fairly equip each reservation school witli stock, wagons, farming im- 
 plements and mechanical tools, and have these articles used notoidyby 
 children, but by children who have no inherited inclination or ai)titude 
 for civilized i)ursuits, must very largely increase the annual ex])ense of 
 the schools; and though for such exiienditure the return in tlie next 
 generation will l)e large, the immediate returns will be meager. Never- 
 theless it ought to be done, and approi»riations increased accordingly. 
 Even if Carlisle, Hampton, and Forest Grove could turn out, as they 
 cannot, all the skilled mechanics and agriculturists needed among In- 
 dians, yet the value to the Indian boy of mere rudimentary trainiug in 
 someoneof the various haiidicialts will be worth to his own manhood and 
 the civilization of his race immeasurably more than it will cost, and the 
 morale ol' the school which furnishes suih employment and diversion to 
 its restless pujjils will bi", vastly im])roved. 
 
 Too much importance cannot be attached to the agency industrial 
 boarding-school. It is the center of Indian ci\ ilizaticm, and will be until 
 parents are willing to send theii- children away from home to be educated,
 
 640 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 and tbe government is willing to assume the enormous expense of that 
 sort of schooliuft-. Until then the reservation schools will be worth as 
 much to the distant training-schools as the training-schools are to the res- 
 ervation. Tliey awaken the interest in education which first leads the 
 parent to surrender his child, and they so mold public oj)iuion as to make 
 it possible lor the returned student to persevere in the habits learned 
 at the East. Unless a strong purifying influence is exerted on the res- 
 ervation atmosphere while the students are absent, they will return to a 
 tire-dam]) of heathenism, ignorance, and superstition that will extinguish 
 all the flames of intelligence and virtue that have been kindled by con- 
 tact with civilization. In this way only can the government hope to 
 escape the humiliating relapses which many years ago discouraged mis- 
 sionary societies from any further attempts at educating Indian pupils- 
 away from their tribes. An appropriation of not less than $50,000 
 should be made by Congress at its next session to proi)erly equip 
 existing reservation schools for industrial work. 
 
 Day schools. — Eleven new day schools have been opened this year, but 
 four day schools have become boarding-schools, and twelve have been 
 discontinued, so that the whole number now in operation is 101, five less 
 than last year. Most of thos6 discontinued were small schools, main- 
 tained in the Indian camps by religious societies. It is as common a belief 
 that the boarding should supersede the day school as it is that train- 
 ing-schools remote from the Indian couutry ought to be substituted 
 for those located in the midst of the Indians. But I trust that the time 
 is not far distant when a system of district schools will be established 
 in Indian settlements, which will serve not only as centers of enlight- 
 enment for those neighborhoods, but will give suitable employment to 
 returned students, especially the young women, for whom it is specially 
 difficult to provide. As General Amstrong has well said in his annual 
 report : 
 
 There is absolutely bo position of dignity to which an Indian girl after three years- 
 training can look forward with any reasonable confidence. There is nothing for her 
 but to e])joy or siift'er in the present state as best she may. Schools in the Indian 
 camps, under judicious and vigorous supervision (such as are in a few cases already 
 established by the missionaries), would give honorable work, full of inspiration, to 
 our best Indian girls. 
 
 Eeferring to reports from returned students, he also says: 
 
 There has been a less favorable account of the two girls who live in the camps with 
 their mothers, which is their misfortune rather than their fault. There is not the 
 regular employment for girls that there is for boys. The lor and the chance of the 
 former are much harder than of the latter. The intelligent decent Indian girl is a 
 problem. Teaching would be her hope if schools were provided. 
 
 To erect necessary buildings and pay teachers for such district schools 
 will require another increase in appropriations, which I hoi)e will not 
 be wanting. 
 
 When such schools are established, compulsory education can be re- 
 sorted to. This has already been partially tried at two agencies with 
 considerable success, although the compidsiou could not be made univer- 
 sal for the reason that school facilities fell far short of accommodating 
 the school population. Two other agents have signified their intention 
 of adoptin-g such measures, and, with the help of their Indian police, 
 will undoubtedly succeed. At other agencies, however, where there is 
 greater disproportion between the nuiuber of children and the size and 
 number of the school buildings, pupils have to be turned away from in- 
 stead of forced to school. 
 
 I desire, in this connection, to renew my suggestion of last year, that 
 the example of Kew York in extending her common school system over
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 641 
 
 her Indian reserv^ations and eniployinf;- cduoatod Indians as teachers, is 
 a most sensible one for other States to follow. The results thereof would 
 be no less valuable to tbe State than to the general government. 
 
 Carlisle, Forest Grove, and JIam2)ton training schools. — By reference to 
 the reports of Lieutenants Pratt and Wilkinson, and (jf S. C. Arm- 
 strong, herewith, pages 237, 247, and 241, respectively, it will be seen 
 that good work has been accomplished during the year at the Carlisle, 
 Forest Grove, and Hampton training schools. They have been attended 
 by 284, 91, and 101 pupils, respectively. The Carlisle pupils represent 
 33 tribes and 18 agencies ; the Forest Grove pupils, 10 tribes and 5 
 agencies. 
 
 At Carlisle and Hampton the- apprentices in the various shops have 
 not only attended to the large amount of repairing, building, and far- 
 nishiug required at the schools, but have manufactured for use at the 
 various Indian agencies 253 sets double harness, 13 wagons and 1 buggy, 
 2,000 pairs shoes, and 14,124 articles of tinware, and the schools have 
 been credited with the value of these articles at the contract prices paid 
 therefor by the Indian Office. The apprentices to the trades of black- 
 smith, carpenter, i)rinter, shoemaker, tinsmith, wheelwright, painter, 
 butcher, tailor, saddler, and baker have numbered 183. The energies 
 of the rest of the boys were devoted to farm work. 
 
 Only eight deaths have occurred at the two schools during the year, 
 the improved health conditions being due partly to acclimatization, but 
 more to greater watchfulness and a better understanding on the part of 
 both instructors and pupils of the requirements of the Indian physique. 
 
 The practice of placing pupils in private families during the summer 
 vacation has been continued with most satisfactory results. ]\Iore homes 
 were opened to them in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania than there 
 were pupils to send ; lOG boys and girls have thus been given the best 
 possible individual training. Removed from the rules and restraints 
 which make up the machinery of a large-institution and render the life 
 of its inmates more or less mechanical, they are thrown upon their own 
 resources and responsibility, and learn the self-imposed restraints and 
 amenities and tasks which characterize home life. The appreciation 
 of the advantages shown by the children, and their usual readiness to 
 do their share of the work of the farm or the house, has enabled Lieu- 
 tenant Pratt to secure wages for all the pupils sent out by him this sum- 
 mer. These wages, varying from one to lift^eon dollars jier month, havt^ 
 been paid direct to the pupils and added to the womanliness and man- 
 liness of the recii)ients. The good record made by the Indian youth in 
 their temporary homes is reported in detail by Lieutenant Pratt. Forty- 
 eight of the Carlisle pupils will remain witli their new friends during 
 the winter, doing "chores'' and atten<ling public scho<»l. The size of 
 the buildings and the appropriation allow for the education at Carlisle 
 of about 300 pupils, but by placing children in i>rivate families LieuttMi- 
 ant Pratt proposes to reduce expenses and enlarge accommo«lations so 
 that he can care for 380 pupils. He will also depend on the continued 
 liberality of friends of the Indian, mIio have given substantial ])roof of 
 their int<?rest in the work at Carlisle bv the contribution during the 
 year of $7,243. 
 
 The first "graduates'' from Carlisle, consisting of 37 Sioux from Da 
 kota and 35 representatives of tril)es in the Indian Territory, returned to 
 their homes in July last. These were the pupils with whom the school 
 was started in October, 1879. It is exi>ected that the majority of them 
 will return to Carlisle this fall for further instruction. For this the 
 most worthy and promising will be selected, and especially those whoso 
 41 Ab
 
 642 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 moral stamina lias stood the tost of the temporary return to the old as- 
 sociations and d('<;radations. Though tlie record of the students who 
 retuj-ned last year from JJam])ton has been in the main satisfactory, 
 yet it is ai)i)ar('nt that to return immature youth to heathen homes after 
 only three years of training umler specially favorable conditions is a 
 hazardous ex[)eriment. Justice to the child as well as economy in the 
 service require a supplemental course of at least two years, during 
 which the seed sown may have opportunity to take deeper root. Here- 
 after parents will be expected to surrender their children for five in- 
 stead of three years. 
 
 Industiial work at Forest Grove has met with unusual success. The 
 blacksmith and shoe shops have netted $772 to the school. The ap- 
 ]>renti(es to the carpenter have put up two 2-8tory additions to the 
 dorinitorieSj 32 by 32 feet, and two smaller additions, 25 by 36 and 14 by 
 28, besides making- furniture for the school and attending to necessary 
 repairs. The renting of 45 acres furnishes an opportunity for practical 
 lessons in farming, while several of the boys have been employed in the 
 harvest field by farmers in that section. Lieutenant Wilkinson reports : 
 
 The local press of the country uotes the fact that without the help of the boys of 
 the luflian school some of the farmers of this section would have had great trouble iu 
 harvestiug their crops. Oue paper has raised its warning cry for the protection of 
 white labor as against Indian. The boys have worked side Ijy side with the white 
 man, earned the same wages, and this in a section of country where it has always 
 been claimed tlie Iiulian would not work. 
 
 As Stated last year the great need at Forest Grove is the purchase ot 
 land which shall be the property of the school. 
 
 Injustice has been done this school by the wording of the appropria- 
 tion for its support, which limits the amount to be paid for the care and 
 support of the pupils to $200 per capita per annum. Expenditures can 
 be reduced to this figure, but it will be at the expense of the best in- 
 terests of the pupils in attendance. 
 
 Bnildimis. — Nine new boarding-school buildings have been occupied 
 during the year, and in nine more new buildings schools will be opened 
 this fall. The office has thus been enabled to open boarding schools for 
 the first time among the 27,105 Indians of the five agencies already 
 named, and also among the Yankton Indians; that tribe, however, has 
 not been wh(flly deprived of boarding-school facilities hitherto, for the 
 reason that the remissness of the government in that respect has been 
 partially atoned for by the Episcopalians, who, for many years, have 
 maintained there a flourishing boys' boarding school. The buildings to 
 be occupied this fall will provide for the opening of boarding-schools for 
 the first time among the 9,412 Indians of the Xevada, Umatilla, Blackfeet, 
 and Warm Springs agencies, among the Snake Indians at the Yaiuax 
 subageucj' in Oregon, and among the Poncas in the Indian Territory, who, 
 since their removal thither, have had only a small day school. Arrange- 
 ments have been made for puttingup ten newbuildings during the coming 
 season to give new schools to the Pine Eidge, Eosebud, and ]\fescalero 
 agencies, to replace the Wichita Ixiilding, destroyed by fire in December 
 last, and to give proper accommodations to five agency boarding schools 
 that are now carried on at great disadvantage in rented buildings or in 
 houses which, by dilapidation, unsuitable and inconvenient arrangement 
 of rooms, and restricted limits, have become each year less and less 
 adapted to the purpose for which they are used. Children who shiver in 
 rooms ceiled with canvas, who dodge the muddy drops trickling through 
 worn-out dirt roofs, who are crowded in ill-ventilated dormitories, who 
 recite in a single schoolroom, three classes at a time, and who have no
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 643 
 
 suitable sitting-rooms nor bath-rooms, are not likely to be attracted to 
 or make rapid advancement in education and civilization. But inade- 
 quate and delayed appropriations have necessitated the continued use, 
 lor school puri^oses, of buildings which long ago should have been con- 
 demned as unserviceable and even unsafe. The more generous treat- 
 ment which Indian education received from Congress at its last session 
 Avill do much toward remedying this unfortunate state of affairs. 
 
 Appropriations. — The legislation of Congress at its last session, in re- 
 gard to Indian education, marks a new era in Indian affairs. The first 
 appropriation, not required by treaty, made for the support of Indian 
 schools, was $20,000 in 18-7C. From that time it gradually increased 
 until, in 1881, it reache<l $85,000. This increase, of course, fell far short 
 of meeting the increased needs of the service, and the delicit was made up 
 from a fund called the civilization fund, being proceeds of the sales of In- 
 dian lands in Kansas. From July 1, 1877, to .luly 1, 1881, $71.5,000 were 
 placed on the books of the oflice to the credit of this fund. Of tliis about 
 $500,000 was expended during these four years in the establishment and 
 support of schools, and the remainder in the purchase of wagons, farm- 
 ing implements, stock cattle, &c. From this fund the Hampton, Carlisle, 
 and Forest Grove schools were established and maintained at an expense 
 of nearly $200,000. 
 
 Last fall there remained of the fund only enough to carry these 
 schools through the fiscal year, and to carry several other schools 
 through half the year. With some misgiving the oflice asked Congress 
 for a deficiency ai)propriation for 1882 of $50,000, and for an appropri- 
 ation for 1883 of $150,000 for general school purposes, and $97,000 for 
 Carlisle, Hampton, and Forest Grove, an amount barely sufficient to 
 support existing schools for one year. Ko better evidence could be 
 given of. the newly awakened interest and faith of the people of the 
 United States in Indian education than the appropriation by Congress 
 for the year 1883 of $300,000 for general education, $115,200 ibr the sup- 
 port of the three training schools, $50,000 for two new training schools, 
 and $17,000 for the education of Indians at various established indus- 
 trial schools in the States. 
 
 The building left by the Pawnees on their reserve in Nebraska, when 
 they removed to the Indian Territory, is being repaired and enlarged, and 
 will be used for one of the new training schools. The other, by the 
 terms of the appropriation, must be located in the Indian Territory, 
 near the Kansas Ijouiidary and tin; I'awnee and Ponca reserves. Plans 
 for this building Iiave been prepared. The crowding of the three train- 
 ing schools already establislied, the expense of transporting pu|>ils so 
 great a distance fioni the Indian cojintry, and the severe cHniatic-elianges 
 to Mliicli it subjects them, have shown the desirability of »'stablishing 
 similar institutions in the region of the ^lississippi Piver. This is now 
 made ejitircly practicable: by the legislation above referred to, and by 
 another a<;t which provides for turning over to the Interior Department, 
 for Indian school i»urpuses, buiUlings belonging to vacated military 
 posts. 
 
 A long unheeded recommendation of this oflice for the appointment 
 of an inspector of schools received favorable action by Congress at its 
 last session. Through his personal sujjcrvision and ius[)ection the 
 school work can be doubled in elliciency and thoroughness, and symtan 
 in Indian edu(;ation becomes possible. 
 
 While providing for increased school facilities over nearly the whole 
 Indian country, Congress by special legislation cut ofl" all government
 
 G44 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING IFIE 
 
 Nclinols iVoiii tlio 2,000 Moquis Tucblos in Arizona. In the last Indian 
 appropriation act is the lblk)winj? chiuse: 
 
 For tlio payof apcnl * * *■ at tlip Moqtiis I'noldo n^^cncy, vlio slirill also perform 
 tho <hitio8 of teacher anil clerk, one thousand live humlred dollars, and no money 
 appropriated by this act shall bo expended for pay of teachers or for chMical hibor iil 
 this agency. 
 
 An agent wlio has no clerk and is rcqnircd to personally care for the 
 interests of 2,000 Indians living in seven villages, distant from 14 to 
 oCt miles from tlie agency, and only two of them accessible by wagons, 
 vvill have little time to spend in the schoolroom. ^Moreover, sinc;e a day 
 school at the agency would be inaccessible to the children, and a day 
 school at one of the villages inaccessible to tlie agent, the only practi- 
 cable method of giving the Moquis an education is through a boarding 
 school. Can Congress expect one man to serve not only as agent, clerk, 
 and teacher, but also as matron, cook, and laundress, for 81,. "500 a year^ 
 
 While referring to the unusual increase in appropriations ibr schools 
 during the past year, I ought to state that the service will suffer by any 
 decrease in such appropriation hereafter. There are three classes of 
 funds out of which Indian schools can be sup]>orted: (1) Appropria- 
 tions made in fulfillment of treaty i)rovisious which pledge either the 
 payment annually of a specific amount for education or the support of 
 specified schools. (2) Appropriations made solely for education, but 
 made as a gratuity and not under treaty. (3) Appropriations made 
 for general civilizing purposes, either in fulfillment of treaty obligations 
 or as a gratuity. To these has been added in the past a civilization 
 fund (not appropriated); but that, as already stated, is now exhausted. 
 
 The subjoined table shows approximately the amounts which have 
 been expended under each of these heads for Indian education during 
 the past six years :* 
 
 1877. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 18S1. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Appropriations made in fulfillment of treaty 
 provisions which pledge either specific suras 
 for educutiou or the siii)port of specified 
 schools 
 
 Expenditures for schools made from general 
 funds a])proj)riated or held in trust for the 
 support and civili>;;itiou of Indians 
 
 Special ai<pvopriations made for education 
 
 Expended' from civilization fund for reserva- 
 tion schools 
 
 Expended from civilization fund for schools at 
 Hampton, Carlisle, and Forest Grovo 
 
 Expended from Sioux fund for Carlisle school.. 
 
 $78,422 
 
 $81, 05C $76, 082 .4;75, 050 
 
 000 
 885 
 
 72,428 
 30, 000 
 
 5,135 
 
 45, 490 
 64,000 
 
 1,084 
 
 2,669 
 
 49, 030 
 75, 000 
 
 25,228 
 
 26, 092 
 33, 263 
 
 $57, 450 I $52, 627 
 122 
 
 ,418 
 ,000 
 
 116,292 
 1.35, 000 
 
 36,600 j 16,901 
 
 05, 
 
 t 90 
 
 71S 
 
 o:;fi 
 
 89, lii4 
 1,614 
 
 Total ,. 168,684 
 
 188,019 190,225 
 
 290, 463 I 379, 288 411, 538 
 
 2^0TK.— These figures do not include the cost of rations and clothinfr used l»y pupils at agencies 
 ■w here regular issues of rations and goods are made to all tho Indians of tho agency. 
 
 It will be seen that the sum appropriated in fulfillment of specific 
 treaty provisions for the support of schools is small. This sum will 
 steadily decrease as the treaties expire. The amount which it has been 
 ])racticable to spare for education from appropriations made for general 
 civilizing purposes is also small. The demands for seed, breaking land, 
 houses, furniture, farming implements, wagons, stock cattle, wV'c, must 
 be met from these funds, and those demands are so numerous and so 
 urgent that when they are only partially met little money remains to be 
 devoted to the equally important, but less imperative, school work. 
 Therefore, for the continuing and enlarging of the school work the office 
 
 *A KiTnilar tabic is presented and the same subject is ditfcussod in Sen. Ex. Doc. No. 
 113, 47th Cougres8; 1st session.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. G45 
 
 iimst (lopend upon appropriations made for tliat specific purpose Avitli- 
 oiit reference to treaty or any other obligation, except the obligation of 
 .ni enlightened Christian peojde toward a barbarous pagan race, and the 
 obligation of any government to preserve the health of its body politic 
 by tlie ujjlifting of its lower classes. 
 
 Until the work is undertaken by the States, I take it for granted that 
 the general goA'ernment intends to see to it that Indian children shall 
 be educated as rapidly as possible; that it intends to put some sort of 
 schools within the reach of all Imlian youth, and for several years at 
 least to educate a large proportion of them in boarding schools; that it 
 chooses the boarding school rather than the less expensive ckiy school 
 not only because more thorough discipline can be given therein, but 
 also because education and at the same time civilization can be wrought 
 into the Imlian constitntion faster by that process than by any other. 
 
 The cost of maintaining an Indian pupil in a reservation lx)arding 
 school may be set down as a little over $150 per annum; in a day 
 school at about 830 per annum. The whole number of Indian youth to 
 be educated, exclusive of thefive civilized tribes, maybe estimated as be- 
 tween 45,000 and 50,000, and for moderate calculations the lower number 
 may be taken. The average of the enrollment of pupils in school in Con- 
 necticut, Kansas, ifevada, Massachusetts, and Oregon is 80 per cent, of 
 the school population, and the average attendance is 54 per cent. Is'early 
 19 per cent, of the school population among the Indian tribes was em-olled 
 during the past year, and the average attendance was nearly 12 per cent. 
 If adequate appropriations are made, the number enrolled ten years from 
 now ought to be not less than 50 per cent., or 22,500 pui)ils. Ilalf of these, 
 educated in reservation boarding schools at $150 per aniuim, would cost 
 $1,087,500 ; the other half, educated in day schools at §30 per annum, 
 would cost $337,500. Therefore, to keep one quarter of the Indian school 
 population in boarding schools and another quarter in day schools would 
 require an annual expenditure of over $2,000,000. Irregularity of attend- 
 ance would decrease the cost somewhat, though not in the same ratio as 
 that between the a\ er<ige attendance and the total enrollment, for the 
 reason that the teaching force and various other expenses couhl not be 
 allowed to vary with reniiiorary lluctuations in attendance. Deducting 
 25 per cent, on this account would reduce the annual expenditure ti> 
 $1,500,(100. This is a low (^stimate, and at the same time I have not 
 taken into account the increased cost of giving Indian youth special 
 training in schools remote Irom agencies. 
 
 Meantiuie, before the cniolliueut can reach 50 per cent, of the school 
 population, a large nuuiber of buildings must be erected and furnislied 
 and liberal a]»])ropriations must be made thereibr. Only 8,700 ])ui)ils 
 can be crowded into all tlui school buiklings now in use, and many of 
 these buildings should be rei)laced by new ones. 
 
 The cost of education duriug the past year has been, approximately, 
 $411,538, in addition to the expense of rations and part of the cloth- 
 iug used by pupils at agencies where rations and goods are regularly 
 issued to all the Indians on the reservation. The api)roi)riatii)iis for 
 education for the current year, in addition to ann)unts regularly ai)pio- 
 priated in fullillment of treaty provisions, aggregate s48!>,400, ami the 
 appropriation asked lor the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, is $017,000. 
 This sum is recjuired if the United States Government is to keep pace 
 with its duties and opi)or(uuities in the matter of educating Indians. 
 
 I have spoken of tlie ai)propriations from whieh sehools nuist here- 
 fvfter be luainly supporteil as ''gratuities.*' It will, however, re(iuire 
 very many and very large so-called "gratuitous"' appropriations to pay
 
 646 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 the debt oC tlio ftovenuiient to ccrtiiin Indian tribes on account of un- 
 fulfilled treaty obi ip:ationN. Jn gfcneral it may be said tliat where the 
 treaty stipulated the payment of a certain annual sum for education, 
 the i)romise has been kept; but where the support of certain schools 
 ■was pledged without specifying the annual expenditure to be made 
 therefor, the promise has been only partially kept. Belonging to the 
 latter class are the treaties with the yioux, Navajo, Kiowa and Coman- 
 che, Cheyenne and Arapaho, Shoshone, Molel, Walla Walla, D'VVamish, 
 Makah, Quiuaielt, Quillehute, S'Klallam and S'Kokomish tribes, which 
 have an aggregate population of G8,000. Some of the treaties with 
 these tribes promised a school ibr every thirty pupils for twenty years ; 
 others to establish and support manual-labor schools suflflcient to ac- 
 commodate the school population of the tribes. 
 
 I have not made an estimate of the extent to which the government has 
 failed to fulfill its treaty obligations to these tribes from the date of the 
 treaties uj) to the present time, but the following table shows the deficit be- 
 tween the promise and the performance in theyears 1877 to 1881 inclusive : 
 
 Total cost of buildings required to accommodate the school population of 
 these tnbes, less such buildings as had been erected between the dates of 
 
 the treaties and the year 1881 $334,000 
 
 Appropriations required to support the schools called for by those treaties : 
 
 1877 $486,000 
 
 1878 486,000 
 
 1879 486,000 
 
 1880 486,000 
 
 » 1881 371,250 
 
 2,315,250 
 
 2, 649, 2f)0 
 Amonnts specifically appropriated for the snpport of those schools : 
 
 1877 $44,880 
 
 1878 48,080 
 
 1879 46,580 
 
 1880 46,280 
 
 1881 34,080 
 
 §219,900 
 
 Balance due said tribes for the five years 1877-1881 2,429,350 
 
 Of course, the showing would be much more discreditable to the gov- 
 ernment if the calculation had covered the whole period since the signing 
 of the treaties, but the above figui'es show that the indebtedness of the 
 government to a little more than one-fourth of its Indian population 
 on account of its failure to provide schools promised by treaty, is so 
 great that it will be long before any appropriations for education among 
 these tribes can be considered as gratuities, or in any other light than 
 a tardy payment of an old debt. 
 
 ALLOTMENT OF LAND IN SEVERALTY AND A PERMANENT TITLE. ^ 
 
 In the last annual report of this office this subject was treated at 
 some length. Nothing in the experience of the past year has occurred 
 to demonstrate the inadvisability of the plan, or to cause me to change 
 my views upon the subject. I still believe that in a great measure the 
 future well'are and prosperity of the Indians depends upon giving them 
 a several interest in their lands, with such a title as will protect them 
 and their children in the peaceful and quiet possession and enjoyment 
 thereof. In my opinion this plan is one of the keys to the solution of 
 the Indian question. As stated in my report of last year. "The allot- 
 ment system tends to break up tribal relations. It has the effect of
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 647 
 
 creating indiviiluality, responsibility, and a desire to accumulate ]»rop- 
 erty. It teaches the Indians habits of industry and fruj^ality, and 
 Ktiniulates them to look forward to a better and more useful life, and, 
 in the end, it will relievo the government of large annual ai)i»roi)na- 
 tions.*' All Indians may not at present be prepared to use to advan- 
 tage lauds allotted to them individually. But many of them are, and 
 uhere prepared for it, the Indian should have a home of his own, as the 
 white nuiu has. 
 
 In many of the treaties with these people no provision is made for the 
 allotment of their lands. In others, which contain such ])rovisions, the 
 amount is entirely inadequate to the wants and necessities of the Indians, 
 being in some instances as low as twenty acres. A great many tribes 
 occujiy reservations created by tlie President. There is no authority of 
 law for the allotment of the lands within this class of reservations. 
 Many of the reservations ui)on which there is autlnnity for a division 
 of the lands in severalty have never been surveyed and subdivided, 
 and in numerous cases where this has been done the monuments, stakes, 
 and other marks of the survey have been destroyed and obliterated by 
 the elements or otherwise, so that even where treaty stipulations au- 
 tborizo allotments they cannot be made from this cause. The corre- 
 spondence on the tiles of this oflico show that very many of the Indian 
 tribes are clamorous for the allotment of their lands in severalty. Why 
 not, then, encourage them in this advanced step towards civilization? 
 Give the Indian his land in severalty. Let him feel his individuality 
 and responsibility, and a sense of proprietorship. Encourage him to go 
 to work and earn his living and provide for the future wants and neces- 
 sities of himself and family, and abandon his shiftless, do-nothing, de- 
 pendent life. 
 
 Upon the subject of property, Malthus says: 
 
 According to all past experience and the best observations wliicli can l»e made on 
 the motives which operate upon the human mind, there can be no well-tounded hope 
 of obtaining a largo produce from the soil but under a system of private pra]»erty. It 
 seems perfectly visionary to suppose that any stimulus sliort of that which is excited 
 in man by the desire for providing for himself and family, and of bettering his con 
 dition in life, should operate on the mass of society with sullicieut force and constancy 
 to overcome the natural indolence of mankind. All the attempts which have been 
 made since the commencement of authentic history to proceed \\])nn a principle of 
 common property have either been so iusignilicant that no inference can bo drawn 
 from them or have been marked by the most signal failures; and the chaufjes which 
 have been effected in modern times bj' education do not seem to .advance a single step 
 toward making such u state of things more probable in future. We may therefore 
 more safely conclude that while man retains the same jdiysical and moral constitution 
 ■which ho is observed to possess at present, no other than a system of private projierty 
 stands the least chance of providing for such a largo and increasing population as 
 that which is to be found in many countries at present. 
 
 These principles a])ply as well to the Indian as to the white man. So 
 long as the government continues to feed the Indnin and encourages 
 him in his lazy, indolent, vagabond life, just so long will large annual 
 approjuiations have to be made out of the ])ublic treasury for that pur- 
 pose. The government has before it the alternative of peri)etinilly sup- 
 porting them as idlers anddrones, or of adojtting some measure looking 
 to their education in nuininil labor and otiier in<lustrial juusuits, and 
 their ultinuite s('lf-supi)ort and civilization. r>ills ])ro\iding for allot- 
 ments of land in severalty were introduced in the Forty-lift ii. Forty- 
 sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses, but no linal act ion has Ixhmi n>ached. 
 It is to be hoped that Congress at its coming session will take some final 
 and detinite action upon a subject that involves so nuu'h and which is 
 of such vital im])ortance, not only to the Indian in his advancement and 
 civilization, but to the general government.
 
 G48 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 INDIAN HOMESTEAD ENTRIP.S. 
 
 I again invite attention to tlie necessity of lejjislation by Con<?ress to 
 enable Indians to enter lands under the lifteenth and sixteenth sections 
 of the act of Conj^ress approved 3Iarch r>, 187,1, extendinj^ to Indians 
 the benefits of the homestead act of Mav 20, 1802 (now embodied in sec- 
 tions 2290, 22'Jl, 2292, and 2295 to 2302'lievised Statutes), without the 
 payment of the fees and commissions now i)rescribed ])y law in such 
 cases. 
 
 In my report for last year attention was called to the fact that, until 
 a change is made in the law as therein recommended, it is of great im- 
 j)ortance that the department should have at its disposal a fund that 
 can be used for the payment of entry fees and commissions, and that an 
 estimate for the sum of 85,000 had been submitted with that end in view. 
 No appropriation for that purpose was made. I have again submitted 
 an estimate for the sum of 85,000, and trust that Congress will either 
 amend the law so as to allow Indians to enter homesteads without cost 
 to them, or will make aijproiiriation of the sum estimated for. 
 
 UNITED STATES INDIAN POLICE. 
 
 Four years have now elapsed since the establishment of the United 
 States Indian police service. Tried as an experiment, it has ]n'oved a 
 decided success. It has accomi)lished all that was claimed for it, and 
 at many agencies has become an absolute necessity. The police force 
 "was organized in the summer of 1878, in accordance with an act of 
 CongTess approved May 27, 1878, for the purpose simply of maintain- 
 ing order on the reservations and of preventing the sale of liquor to 
 Indians. Their actual duties take a much wider range. They not only 
 take pride in keeping good order and in breaking up immoral practices, 
 and in preventing the introduction of liquor, but they assist the agents 
 in the discharge of many other important duties. They are ])roud of 
 being considered United States soldiers, and are uniformly faithful and 
 true to the government. Wearing the uniform of oilicers of the law, 
 they have an educational influence over theii" associates the value of 
 which cannot be estimated. 
 
 The system is now in operation at forty agencies, the total force em- 
 ployed being eighty-four commissioned oflicers and seven liundi'ed and 
 sixty-four non-commissioned officers and privates. 
 
 I would again invite attention to the small compensation allowed the 
 officers and members of the police force. The character and require- 
 ments of the service are such as to demand the very best men at the 
 various agencies, but these cannot often be induced to serve for the 
 small pay offered. I woukl recommend that commissioned officers be 
 paid fifteen dollars iier month, sergeants ten dollars per mouth, and 
 privates eight dollars per month. A much more satisfactory arrange- 
 ment would be to invest the Commissioner of Indian Affairs with dis- 
 cretionary power as to salaries, the ser^•ice at some agencies being of 
 vastly more importance than at others. 
 
 STOCK-CATTLE, WAGONS, AND FBEIGHTING BY INDIANS. 
 
 From July 1, 1878, to June 30, 1881, there were purchased for the In- 
 dians 13,2()4 head of stock-cattle. A detailed report of the number fur- 
 nished each agency was given in my report for last year. From July 
 1, 1881 to June 30, 1882,'^stock-cattre ^vere purchased as follows: For 
 Osages, 1,825 head; Poucas, 507 head; and Sioux at Sisseton Agency, 
 437 head.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 649 
 
 The number of wa;40ii.s purchased from July 1, lS77,to .Tune .''>(>, ISSI, 
 was 3,558, aud duriiif;- the tis<;al year 1882 there were purchased aud ship- 
 ped to ditfereut a^^encies 00.3 wajjons. luakiiip; a total of 4,103 waj^ons 
 purchased for tlie Indian service in six years. A large number of In- 
 dians successfully transport their goods and sui>plies from steamboat 
 landings aud the terniinus of the railroads to their agencies, thereby 
 earning considerable sums. Over $l.")(),0U0 were remitted during the 
 fiscal year 1882 to agents for payment to Indians for trans])ortation 
 serWces performed, of which amount the Cheyennes and Arapahoes 
 earned 819,000, the Kiowas, Comanches and Wichitas 815,000, the Sioux 
 of Pine Kidge $51,000, and the Sioux at Eosebud $33,000. The freight- 
 ers are paid at the rate of $1 to $1.50 per 100 jtounds ju'r 100 miles, ac- 
 cording to the condition of the roads over which the sup])li<'s are carried. 
 The experiment was made this } ear of having the " wild Cixnvs in Mon- 
 tana" transport their supplies from the steamboat landing (Huntley) to 
 their agency, and it has so far proven a saccess. 
 
 PURCHASE OF ANNUITY GOODS AND SUPPLIES. 
 
 Owing to the late date when the appropriation bill for the support of 
 the Indian service for the current fiscal year was passed (May 17, 1882) 
 bids for the annuity goods and supplies required for the fiscal year 1883 
 were not opened in 2^ew York until May 23, last. The schedule of goods 
 and supplies required comprised over 1,800 articles, and for furnishing 
 the same there were received 341 bids at the opening in Xew York, and 
 at the opening at San Francisco, on the 15th of August last, 27 bids 
 wei-e received, making a total of 3G8 sealed bids received for furnishing 
 goods and supplies for the present fiscal year; 207 contracts were exe- 
 cuted, made out in quadruplicate, each one accompanied with a bond 
 for the faithful performance of the same. The contracts in Xew York 
 were awarded by me, with the assistance of the Board of Indian Com- 
 missioners, and' the Hon. J. K. ]\IcCammon, representing the depart- 
 ment, after the samples oftered with the bids had been properly exam- 
 ined by insj)ectors appointed for that purpose. 
 
 It is of the utmost importance that contracts for goods and supplies 
 for the Indian service Ije let early in the si)ring,and I cannot too strongly 
 urge ujjon Congress the necessity for the early passage of the appropri- 
 ation bill for the Indian service. The amount apjiropriatcd for the dif- 
 ferent tiibcs and bands vaiies every year, and the work of determining 
 what supplies can be furnished cannot begin until after the ])assage of 
 the ai)i)roi)riation bill by Congress. This work is one of great impor- 
 tance, but, owing to the late date at which these bills are jiassed, has to 
 be done hastily, at niglit, in order to enable this othce to ju^'pan; and 
 have i>riuted schedules of all articles required. A large ])ropt)rtion of 
 these goods and sui)plies are for agencies on the Missouri Iviver, and 
 they have to be shi]»ped before the close of navigation, which occurs, 
 on an average; not later than October 1. liacon purchased at these late 
 lettingsmust be shipped during the hottest summer months, and of the 
 1,000,000 jiounds purchased every year, not less than 10 \wr centum is 
 lost by shrinkage in transportation during the warm weather, making 
 an annual loss of over sH^OOO on that article alone. 
 
 The delivery, inspection, and shijuiu'nt of goods is mostly done in 
 New York, in a warehouse rented for that ])urpose. There all goods 
 are delivered, jtroperly marked with a nund)er which must correspontl 
 with the number on the invoice of the articles furnislied; all invoices 
 must be made out in (inadrnplicate, and must gi\'e the numbei', weight, 
 and contents of each i>ackage charged for. After del i\ cry of the goods,
 
 650 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 the.v are iii.spccted l>y a ixm'soii jqtpoiiited lor tliat jaii-poso, and cacli 
 jiacka^c stamped by tlio iiispcctor with liiis name. A <*oi)y of each iii- 
 voicG is I'oiwarded l)y iirst mail to the a^eiit lor wiiom the j,^oo<ls are 
 inteiideel, in order that lie may compare the (piantities received with 
 the articles invoiced. A comi)lcte record of all packages received and 
 i3hip])ed is kept, ftivinf( the name of the articles, date of inspection, of 
 shipment, &c. The nundjer of packages received and shipped from 
 May 23 to October 15, 1882, is 27,988, the total weight being 4,330,301 
 pounds, and, as in every year since 1878, not one package remains unac- 
 counted for. The invoices received and permanently recorded as to 
 numbers, marks, articles, dates of receipt, inspection, and shipment, 
 routes by which goods were forwarded, and names of transportation con- 
 tractors in each instance, have reached the number of 4,224 sets, of 
 four each, three of which are transmitted from New York to this 
 office, and one to the respective agencies; these are in addition to 
 deliveries of goods made in Western cities, the ])a])ers for which are 
 received in New York, carefully examined, and in many instances re- 
 turned for correction in order that they inay be in proper form when 
 presented to this office for settlement. A detailed record of each shi])- 
 ment is also kept, by which any package can be accurately described 
 in event of its being lost or astray. Bequisition sheets used in order- 
 ing goods from the various contractors number 050; these do not include 
 the orders for medical supplies, of which there were 83. 
 
 The character of goods delivered indicates a steady improvement on 
 the part of contractors, there having been fewer instances of goods being 
 rejected than in any previous year. The clothing particularly is worthy 
 of special mention, from the fact that in former years more trouble was 
 experienced in obtaining goods equal to contract samples than in all 
 other lines combined. This year contractors appear to have adopted 
 a rule of making the goods as much better than sample as they could 
 afford; the inspector having repeatedly stated that the general make-up 
 equaled the best class of ready-made clothing offered for sale in the city. 
 This applies also to brown duck clothing, the manufacturers having shown 
 marked improvement and entirely overcome difficulties in shaping and 
 fitting which two years ago were claimed to be insurmountable, owing 
 to the stubborn nature of the material used. 
 
 The inspectors, with one exception, have responded ])romptly when 
 called upon, and performed their duties faithfully and well. 
 
 SANITARY CONDITION OF THE INDIANS. 
 
 The sanitary status of the Indians, compared with preceding years, 
 shows improvement. The number of cases treated during the year 
 ending June 30, 1882, were, males, 41,124; females, 32,401) ; total, 73,533. 
 Number of cases remaining under treatment last annual report, 1,545 ; 
 aggregate under treatment during the year, 75,078; recovered, males, 
 40,099 ; females, 31,433 ; total recovered, 71,532. 
 
 Died, aged over five years, males 417 
 
 Died, aged over five years, femalea I^ssO 
 
 Died, aged uuder five years, males 202 
 
 Died, aged under five years, females 220 
 
 Total deaths i 1,225 
 
 Eemaining under treatment June 30, 1882, 2,321. A tabulated state- 
 ment will be found facingpage 420showing the numberof patients treated 
 and respective diseases. The most formidable of the diseases noted
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 651 
 
 are coiisiiniptiou and seromla; the scqttela in most of these cases noted 
 beinj? syphilitic infection. The jireatest morbific agents have been, in 
 the Southwest, of a mahirious character, and in tlie Northwest, rheu- 
 matic and i)u]monary. Tlie number of births reported by the agency 
 jjhysiciaus were, males, (iOG; females, 5515; total 1)irllis, 1,151); of this 
 number 1,040 are Indians, 09 half-bree<ls, and 11 are whites. The 
 limited number of births rei)orted is accounted for by the peculiar social 
 custom in vogue among the Indians, which causes them to regard the 
 mention of a birth as an indelicacy, and which juecludes the physicians 
 from ascertaining and reporting any except those which come under 
 their immediate observation. The same remarks apply also to the 
 deaths. The nund^er vaccinated successfully was 0,951 ; unsuccessfully, 
 2,029 ; total vaccinated, 8,980. 
 
 The me<lical corps consists of 04 jdiysicians, and the inference is that 
 they have faithfully performed the duty assigned them. The physicians 
 are steadily gaining the contidenceof the Indians, and the])ower of the 
 native "medicine man" is surely and gradually waning. The marked 
 contrast between the civilized method of caring for the sick, comj^ared 
 with the barbarous method of the native "medicine man," has accom- 
 plished and is accomplishing much to induct the Indians into the meth- 
 ods and customs of Christian and civilized mankind. To the untu- 
 tored mind of the Indians every action, to be eftective, must have a 
 practical bearing ; every endeavor to advance them in the scale of civil- 
 ization must present a ])hase looking to their indivicUial temporal wx'll- 
 being. This is strictly true and demonstrable as to the physician's skill 
 and surgeon's art. 
 
 When the length of time (three or four years) which is required for 
 the physician to familiarize himself with the language, habits, and mental 
 peculiarities of Indians is taken into consideration, and also the diplo- 
 macy which is required to obtain and maintain their confidence, it is 
 obvious that it is specially desirable to procure etlicient and, if i)ossible, 
 permanent medical othcers of pronounced moral and t«'mperate habits, 
 of great will power, capable of making good and enduring imi>res8ions 
 on the Indians. It is detrimental to the service to be continually chang- 
 ing medical officers. 
 
 In connection with ])ermanent medical oflicers, a system shouhl be 
 inaugurated of caring for the blind, insane, and destitute aged Indians. 
 
 COAL DISCOVERIES ON THE WHITE MOUNTAIN INDIAN RESERVATION, 
 
 ARIZONA. 
 
 In the early part of last year valuable de])osits of coal were discov- 
 ered Awthin the limits of what is generally known as the San Carlos 
 division of the White Mountain Indian lieservation in Arizona Terri- 
 tory. Owing to the scarcity of wood or other fuel in that section of 
 Arizona, the news of the discoveries created intcDse excitement, and 
 speculators, miners, and prospectors poured in ui)on the reservation, 
 thereby greatly endangering the peace of the Territory. No serious 
 trouble occurred, however, aud by the exercise of promi)t and vigorous 
 measures the reservation was finally cleared of intruders and trancpul- 
 lity restored. 
 
 Various expedients were then resorted to in order to obtain lawful 
 l)OSsession of the discoveries. Appeals were made for the segregation 
 of the coal-bearing lands from the reservation; recpiests for leases were 
 presented, and proi)osals submitted for an exchange of tin' coal lands 
 for lands adjacent to the reservation elsewhere. A bill was introduced
 
 052 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 in Conj^ress (TI. R. 414(») huvinj? for its object tli(3 restoration of tlio 
 lands enil)rat;in<;- llio coal l)e<ls to tlie i)ublic domain, as Avell as a strip 
 extondin*;' alon*;' the entii'c wostern boundary of the r<*servation. An- 
 other bill, liavint;- a similar object (II. IJ. a.'JTS), provides for an exchange 
 of the coal-bearing- lands for j^razing- and arable lands to be added to 
 tlie reservation on the north and west. The practicability of removinj^ 
 the Indians to the Indian Territory was discussed, and a projjosition 
 of that kind was i)resented to the Indians themselves; but it was found 
 that they were decidedly and unalterably opposed to any such meas- 
 ure. 
 
 This office has been in sympathy with the general desire to have 
 these valuable deposits made available to the public use, but how to 
 accomplish that end without working- injustice to the Indians has been 
 a question requiring- serious consideration. General Sherman, when on 
 a. recent visit to the San Carlos reserve, expressed the opinion that the 
 Indians could never be prevailed upon to remove again, and it is exceed- 
 ingly doubtful if they would be satisfied with any fuither redaction of 
 their reservation, it having- already been cut down no less than live 
 times within the last ten years. Tlio government cannot undertake to 
 work the mines, nor are the Indians sufficiently advanced as artisans 
 or in ordinary numual-iabor pursuits to do so advantageously, had they 
 the necessary authority to enable them to dispose of the coal as a means 
 of i)rofit to themselves. INIoreover, under existing law there is no author- 
 ity for permitting- the severance and removal from an Indian reservation, 
 for purposes of sale or speculation, of any material attached to or forming 
 a part of the realty, such as timber, coal, or other minerals. 
 
 After carefully considering the questions involved, this office became 
 convinced that the mogt practicable solution of the matter would be the 
 adoi)tion of a system of leasing upon a royalty plan; and accordingly a 
 draft of a joint resolution was prepared in this office and submitted to 
 the department in April last with a view to securing the needful legis- 
 lation therefor. It aa as believed that by this means a very large part 
 of the annual expenditure for the support and care of the Indians of 
 Arizona and Xew Mexico might be reimbursed to the government from 
 the profit of the mines without hardship to consumers, and that the 
 Indians themselves would be greatly benetited, not only by the example 
 of industry set, but through the opportunit.y that would be aliorded 
 them to earn wages bj' their own labor. The draft of resolution as 
 prepared, was transmitted to Congress by the President on April 17, 
 following, but no final action had been taken thereon at the date of 
 adjournment. 
 
 The following is the language of the resolution: 
 
 JOINT KESOLUTIOX authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to lease certain coal lands embraced 
 withiu the limits of the Whito Mountain Indian Eeservation in the Territory of Arizona. 
 
 Whereas it has bepii discovered that large and valuable deposits of coal exist vfithin 
 the limits of the White Mouutaiu Ecservation, iu the Territory of Arizoua, a reserva- 
 tion set apart by sundry executive orders; and 
 
 Whereas it '.vonld be contrary to the practice, if not beyond the lawful power ot 
 the executive department of the government having the management and control of 
 the Indians and the Indian gouutry. to remove the coal there known to exist, or to 
 permit its removal for the purpose of profit, or for any purpose other than to meet the 
 necessary wants of the Indians or the agency or military service in the care and over- 
 sight of the Indians, without the express authorit\' of C\)ngress therefor; and 
 
 Whereas the giiveinmeut is ex])ending annually not less than three hundred thou- 
 sand dollars for the support of the Apache and other Indians in Arizona and New 
 Mexico, which amount, it is suggested by the executive department aforesaid, might 
 be largelj" if not wholly reimbursed to the government without hardship to those 
 who would be the natural purchasers and cousumera thereof, if said coal were made
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 653 
 
 available as an article of commerce, by leasing the coal-bearing lands to persona wbo 
 would mine the same if permitted to do so: Therefore, 
 
 Be if resolved by the Senate and Uoune of RepresenttitiveB of the United States of America 
 in Congreaa asuemlfled. That the Secretary of the Interior be. and he is hereby, authorized 
 and empowered to lease, aft^^'r duo public a^lvertisement in not less than three news- 
 ])a[iers having the largest regular circulation in the Territory of Arizona, for a period 
 of not less than thirty days, to the highest responsible bidder for cash, on a system or 
 basis of royalty, under such terms, restrictions, and limitations as in his best judg- 
 im-nt ho may see fit to require, and in such tracts or jiareels aa he may deem proper 
 and necessary for tlie public good, any or all of the coal beds now known to exist, or 
 that may hereafter be discovcrt'd. within the limits of said reservation: the moneys 
 accrniug therefrom to be covered into tlui Treasury of tho United .St.ites in reimburse- 
 ment of any moneys that may hereafter bo appropriated for tho support and care of 
 the said Apache and other Indians in Arizona and New Mexico: Provided, That if any 
 amount in excess of tho sum required annually to maintain and care for said Indians 
 shall be realized from the lease or leases that may bo executed under the authority of 
 this act, such amount shall l)e used to reimbuvst? the government for any moneys that 
 may hereafter be appropriated for the support and care of any of the other bands or 
 tribes of Indians in the Southwest. 
 
 I respectfully renew my recommendations in respect of the foregoing. 
 
 HUALAPAIS. 
 
 The condition and wants of the Hualapai Indians in Arizona were 
 referred to in my last annual report, and mention was made of the fact 
 tliat at their request General Willcox had ordered that a tract about 30 
 miles wide and 100 miles long, lying along a bend in the Colorado River, 
 beset apart jj^ a ''military reservation for the subsistence and better 
 control of the Hualapais Indians." General Willcox, in a communica- 
 tion to the Secretary of War dated June 30, 1882, earnestly recom- 
 mended tliat tbe reservation prescribed in Geneial Orders No. 16, series 
 of 1881, Headquarters Department of Arizona, a.s above, be cx)nfirmed 
 by the President, and that further steps be taken for the cai-e and pro- 
 tection of these Indians. 
 
 In a report dated S<?])tember 5, 1882, I submitted a draft of an exec- 
 utive order setting aside the country within tho boundaries named in 
 General Orders o^o. 16 as a reservation for tho Hualapais Indians, with 
 tho recommendation that the same be laid before the President for his 
 approval. Should this ordor receive the approval of the President, 
 tlie reservation, wliich lias heretofore been nndor tho control of the mil- 
 itary auth(Mities. will be subject to the jurisdiction of this department, 
 and with tho Indians tli<noon sliould be assigned to tho care of the 
 agent at the nearest existing agency. Proper api)ropriations sliould be 
 made by Congress for tho care and support of those Indians. 
 
 TJTES. 
 
 The Ute Commission, appointed under authority of the Utc agree- 
 iiiont act, approved Juno 1."), ISSO, to carry out certain i>rovisions of 
 said act, though somewhat changed in personnel, is still in existence, 
 the iini)ortant work ]o(|uii-od of it not having boon completed. Tho 
 commissionors are now in the held attondinc: to divers duties. 
 
 Tho surveys for tho Uncompahgro and AN'hite IJiver I7tes, necessary 
 to the allotment of lands in severalty, as provided in tho agreement, 
 are being «'xecutod under direction of the General Land Otlice. The 
 surveys for the Southern I'tes have been made in the field and returned 
 to tho (General Land Ofhce in ]tart. 
 
 By act of Congress ajiproved .Inly 28, 1882, all that portion of the 
 lUe Reservation in Colorado lately occupied by tho Uncompahgre and 
 White River Utes is declared to be public land of the United States,
 
 654 PAPERS ACCOMPAXYING THE 
 
 and fsul)jo<-t to disposal in accordance witb tlio provisions and under the 
 restrictions and limitations of section 3 of the Ute agreement act, with 
 certain exceptions in respect of prior lawful entries, settlements, and 
 locations made upon the "ten-mile strip" on the eastern border thereof. 
 
 COMMISSION TO SIOUX OF DAKOTA. 
 
 A commission composed of Messrs. Newton Edmunds, Peter 0. Shan- 
 non, and James H. Teller was recently appointed, under authority- 
 contained in the act making appropriations for the sundry civil expenses 
 of the government, a[)proved August 7, 1882, to negotiate with the 
 Sioux Indians for such moditicatiou of existing treaties and agreements 
 with said Indians as may be deemed desirable by the Indians and the 
 Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 Under date September 16 (ultimo) specific instructions were issued 
 by this bureau for the g^uidance of the commissioners in the delicate 
 and responsible duties with which they are intrusted. They are now 
 in the held, diligently engaged in the work assigned them. The main 
 jiurpose is to ascertain w^hether the Indians are willing to cede to the 
 TJnited States any portion of their reservation in Dakota, and, if so, 
 what portion and upon what terms. 
 
 FORT HALL RESERVE, IDAHO. 
 
 At the last session of Congress bills (S. 1643 and H. E. 3503) to ratify 
 the agreement of May 14, 1880, with the Shoshone and Bannack Indians 
 for the cession of a portion of the southern half of the Fort Hall lleser- 
 vation, including Marsh Valley and the settlements therein, were rein- 
 troduced. On the 8th March last the bill was favorably reported 
 from the House Committee on Indian Affairs (Report No. 658), but it 
 does not appear that any further action was taken. It is hoped that 
 Congress will dispose of this long-pending matter early in the ensuing 
 session, and thereby open up some 325,000 acres of land to settlement. 
 
 ALLOTSIENTS TO NEZ PERCYS IN IDAHO. 
 
 The third article of the Nez Perce treaty of June 9, 1863 (14 Stat., p. 
 648), stipulates that — 
 
 The President shall, immediately after tlie ratification of this treaty, cause the 
 boundary Hues to be surveyed aud properly marked and established ; after which, so 
 much of the lauds hereby reserved as may be suitable for cultivation shall be sur- 
 veyed into lots of twenty acres each, and every male person of the tribe who shall 
 have attained the age of twenty-one years, or is the head of a family, shall have the 
 privilege of locating upon oue lot as a permanent home for such person. 
 
 A portion of this reservation has been surveyed into twenty-acre 
 tracts, and the Indians have taken steps to establish permanent homes 
 on the reservation, but in larger tracts than the treaty provides. The 
 Lapwai Reservation, whose outbouudaries have been surveyed, contains 
 746,651 acres, upon which there is a population of 1,236 persons. To 
 limit allotments to twenty acres, as provided in said treaty, when there 
 is a superabundance of land for an allotment of much larger size to 
 every Indian residing thereon, seems a great hardship and looks like 
 a palpable wrong to those desiring to make a permanent home. Recom- 
 mendation is therefore made that Congress be asked to adopt such 
 legislation as will authorize them to take an ample quantity of laud for 
 their home and residence.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 655 
 MIAMIES OF KANSAS. 
 
 An act of CoDgress a]ipiove(l May 15, 188L', jjiovidod for the disposal 
 and sale of the niiallutted lauds of the jMiauii Indians in Kansas, in- 
 cluding' the school sections, the net proceeds of the sales of said lands 
 to belong to said Miami Indians, and to be disposed of as now provided 
 by law. The fourth section ])rovided that the act 
 
 Shall not ia any way alleot the rights or claims of those individual Miamies, or 
 persons of Indian blood or desceul, who are named in the corrected list referred to in 
 the Senate amendiuent to the fourth article of the treat v of June fifth, eighteen hun- 
 dred and fifty-four, or their doscendants. And that before the proceeds which have 
 been, or may hereafter be realized from tlie sale of said lands shall be applied for any 
 purpose, the Secretary of the Interior shall obtain the opinion of the Attorney-General 
 as to what rights or interests, if any, said persons have or had in and to said lands. 
 
 A full statement of the facts ujion which the ojiinion of the Attorney- 
 General was required was submitted to the department under date ot 
 ,Iune 12th, 1882. In an opinion dated July 7, 1882, the honorable At- 
 torney-General held : 
 
 Ist. That the lands which have been or are to be sold, and the proceeds distributed 
 by the act of May IHth, 188'2, were set apart, assigned to, and were for the sole benefit 
 of, the Miami tribe of Indians, meaning thereby those who at the time of the survey 
 of the reservation had emigrated and settled on the lands. 
 
 2d. That this division of these Indians only are entitled to the iiroceeds of the sales 
 of the residue mentioned in the second article of the treaty of .June 5, 1854, being the 
 same lands referred to in the third section of the act of May 1."), 1882. 
 
 IJd. That "those individual Mianiios, or persons of Miami blood or descent, who are 
 named in the corrected list refened to in the Senate amendment to the fourth article 
 of the treaty of .lune .'), lbr)4, and their descendants." have no title or claim to, or in- 
 terest in, the said residue or the proceeds of the sales thereof. 
 
 In my judgment they never had any part or lot in the reserved lands. 
 
 KICKAPOO ALLOTTEES UNDER TREATY OF 1862. 
 
 Attention was called in my last annual report to the condition of af- 
 fairs relative t<> the estates of deceased and minor allottees, under the 
 provisions of the Kickapoo treaty of June 28, 18G2 (l.'j Stat., 623), and 
 to the fact that the treaty contained no provision by which female allot- 
 tees could Viecome citizens and obtain patents for their lands. A bill 
 was prepared in this otlice, in accordance with the views expressed in 
 that re]Mnt, providing for the settlement of the estates of deceased al- 
 lottees and extending the benefits of the treaty to all adult allottees, 
 M'ithout regard to their being "males and heads of iiunilies," which was 
 submitted to Congress by your predecessor through the President on 
 the 13th of January last. (Senate Ex. Doc. No. 55, Forty-seventh Con- 
 gress, first session.) This bill (Senate No. 1)32) ])assed the Senate on 
 the 2fHh of March, 1882, but no action appears to have been taken 
 tiiereon in the House of Uepresentatives. It is important that the lull 
 should be favorably at-ted upon by the House and become a law at the 
 next session of Congress. 
 
 SALE DP KICKAPOO LANDS IN KANSAS. 
 
 lieference was also made in the last annual report to certain tracts 
 of land reserved by said Kickajmo treaty as a site for a saw and 
 gii t mill, and for missionary purposes respectively, which were to 
 i)e disi)osed of when the objects for which they were reserved should 
 be accomplished, in siu'Ji manner and for such a purpo.^c "as may be 
 provided by law." An act of Congress api)roved .Fuly 28, 1882, 
 authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to cause to be api)rais('(l 
 and sold, for cash, to the highest bidder, after due advertisement, in 
 tracts not exceeding one hundred and sixty acres to any t»ne i)erson, 
 the tractB reserved for mill-site and missionary and agency purposes,
 
 65 G PAPERS ACCOMPANyiNG THE 
 
 uo trjuits to bo sold for less than the appraised value thereof, and in no 
 case for less than six dollars per acre. The net i)roceeds of the sales of 
 these lands arc to be dejjosited in the Treasury of the United States to 
 the credit of the Jvickapoo tribe of Indians, and are to bear interest at 
 the rate of four per centum per annum. The Secretary of the Interior 
 is authorized to expend the inter<est annually accumulating thereon and 
 all or any part of the principal fund, at such time and in such manner 
 as he may deem expedient for the best interests of said Indians. 
 
 The designation of H. C. Linn, former in charge of the Pottawatomie 
 agency, and the register and receiver of the hind office at Topeka, Kans., 
 as appraisers, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the act, 
 was recommended in office report dated August 31, 1882. 
 
 CEEEK AND SEMINOLE BOUNDARY. 
 
 This subject was fully considered in my annual report of last year, 
 and the action of the department and of these two nations stated. The 
 attention of the department was again called to the subject in a report 
 dated January 9, 1882, recommending the ratification by Congress of 
 an agreement made February 14, 1881, by the Creek Indians, to sell to 
 the United States a portion of their lands for the use of the Seminole 
 Indians. Said agreement is as follows : 
 
 Under the provisious of tlie act of March 3, 1873 (17 Stcat., p. 626), the Secretary of 
 the Interior was authorized to negotiate witli the Creek Indians " lor the relinquish- 
 ment to the United States of sncli poiitions of their country as may have been set 
 apart in accordance with treaty stipulations for the use of the Semiuolcs and the Sacs 
 and Foxes of the Mississippi tribes of Indians respectively found to be east of the line 
 separating the Creek ceded lands from the Creek Reservation, and also to negotiate 
 and arrange with said tribes for a final and i»ermanent adjustment of their reserva- 
 tions." 
 
 So much of said act as relates to the Sacs and Foxes has been carried into effect 
 by their removal to their jiroper location on lands west of the said "dividing line." 
 The Seminoles, however, are still occupying the lands belonging to the Creeks, for 
 which occupancy the Creeks have as yet received no compensation, from the fact that 
 no agreement could be arrived at between them and the United States as to the price 
 per acre to be paid to the said Creeks by the United States for said lands. 
 
 The undersigned, members of the Creek delegation resident in Washington, duly 
 authorized to act in the premises, both by .appointment for general purposes under the 
 certificate of the governor under the national seal, and also by special action of the 
 nation.al council in this instance, copies of which general and special authority are 
 hereto attached, do promise and agree for themselves and for their nation that they 
 will sell, cede, and dispose of the lands now occupied by the Seminoles belonging to 
 the Creek Nation to the United States for the siim of one hundred and seventy-live 
 thous.and dollars. 
 
 And the said Creek delegation do hereby agree, for and on behalf of said nation, 
 that they will cede to the United States, and do hereby cede, a strip of land in the 
 Indian Territory, now occupied by the Seminole Nation of Indians, lying east of the 
 said line dividing the Creek lands from the lands ceded to the United States in the 
 treaty of Juno 14, 1806 ; bounded on the north by the North Fork of the Canadian 
 River; on the south by the Canadian River; on the west by the dividing-line be- 
 tween the Creek Reservation .and the lands ceded under treaty of 1860 abo^e noted; 
 and on the east by a line running north and south between the rivers named, so far 
 cast of said divisional line as Avill comprise within said described boundaries one hun- 
 dred and seventy-five thousand (175,000) a<:res, at the price of one dollar (SI) per 
 .acre ; said cession to be in full force and effect when the sum of one hundred and 
 seventv-five thousand dollars shall have been deposited in tie Treasury of the United 
 Statosto the credit of the Creek Nation, to draw interest at the rate allowed in the 
 treaty of .Juno 14, 1866, wherein certain of their lands in Indian Territory were ceded 
 to the United St.ites ; and one-third of said fund shall be forever set aside for educa- 
 tional purposes, and the remaining two-thirds shall be subject to such use as the 
 Creek Council shall determine. 
 
 WARD COACHMAN. 
 PLEASANT PORTER, 
 DAVID M. HODGE, 
 
 Creek Delegation. 
 
 Washixgtox, D. C, February 14, 1881.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 657 
 
 With this report was submitted the draft of a bill to accept and 
 ratify said ap-eement, providiuj;- that the Secretary of the Treasn."*- 
 should set apart and hold as a peipetual fund, as provided in theafjiee- 
 inent, in trust for the Creek Nation, the sum of 8175,000, to bear inter- 
 est at 5 per cent, per annum; and also providing,- that the lands 
 ceded to the United States should be set ai)art for the exclusive use 
 and occupancy of the Seminole Nation of Indians, to be held by the 
 same title as they hold their lands under the treaty of March 21, 180G, 
 when the Seminoles should have relinquished to the United States the 
 same quantity of laud from the west side of the present reserve, and 
 when said relinquishment should have been ai)proved by the Secretary 
 of the Interior and duly recorded in this oflice ; and providing^, fur- 
 ther, for an appropriation of $3,000, or so nuich thereof as might l>e 
 necessary, to establish the outboundaries of said areas of land. 
 
 By the deficiency ap])ropriatiou act of August 5, 1882, the sum of 
 $175,000, as per agreement made February 14, 1881, in pursuance o£ 
 the act of March 3, 1873, was appropriated to pay the Creek Nation ot 
 Indians for 175,000 acres of land now occupied by the Seminole Nation. 
 
 As no appropriation was made to pay the expense of a survey of the 
 outboundaries of said purchase, and the necessity of establishing per- 
 manent boundary lines, clearly defining the divisional line between the 
 Seminoles and Creeks, is apparent, I recommend that an appropriation 
 suflicient to enable the department to establish said boundaries be made, 
 which should be in addition to the $100,000 asked for in the regular 
 estimates. 
 
 FREED iEEN IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 
 
 The rights guaranteed to the freedmen in the Indian Ten^tory by 
 treaty stipulations have been ignored, and so far as their interests are 
 involved the treaties themselves have been virtually set aside, both by 
 the Indians and by the government. 
 
 Cherokee Nation. — By the fourth article of the Cherokee treaty of 
 July 19, 18GG (14 Stats., p. 800), a tract of country iu the Cherokee 
 reservation, known as the Canadian District, was set apart for the 
 settlement and occupancy of — 
 
 All the Cberokoes and froeil persons who were t'ormerly slaves of any Chcrokte, 
 and all free noj^ocs not having been »uch slaves, who resided in the Cherokee Nation 
 prior to June first, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, who may within two years elect 
 not to reside northeast of Iho Arkansas River and southeast of Grand River. 
 
 By the fifth article provision was made that those inhabitants elect- 
 ing to reside in said district might elect local otlicers. Judges, &c., 
 control all their local affairs, establish rules and regulations for the 
 administration of. justice in sai<l district not inconsistent with the 
 Cherokee constitution or the laws of the United States. By the ninth 
 article the Cherokee Nation further agreed that all freedmen who had 
 been liberated by the voluntary act of their former ownci's or by law, 
 as well as all free colored persons who were iu the country at the com- 
 mencement of the rebellion and were residents tlu'rein at the time ot 
 the treaty, or who returned within six months, and their descendants, 
 should have all the rights of native Cherokees, 2)roci(ied no i)ay or com- 
 pensation should be paid for the slaves so emancipated. The tenth 
 article declared that every Cherokee and freed person resident in the 
 Cherokee Nation should have the right to sell the products of their 
 farms, including live stock, merchandise, or manufactured products, 
 and to shij) and drive the same to market without restraint. 
 
 A bill to enforce tlie ninth article of the treaty of 1800, e^'c. (S. 648) 
 was introduced in the Senate of the Unite<l States by Senator Ingalla 
 43 Ab
 
 658 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 June 3, 1870, and roi)ort('(l Juno 4, 1880, by Senator WillianiR, amend- 
 ing said l)ill so as to autliorizc the President of the United States to 
 enter into negotiations with tlic Clierokee Kation lor the ])ur})Ose of 
 finally settling the status and rights of the colored people in said, 
 nation, ])rovided that such negotiations must be a])proved by Congress; 
 but 110 subsecpient action was taken thereon. Uy an act of the Chero- 
 kee Council, approved December G, 1870, the Cherokee delegates were 
 authorized and instructed to make arrangements for negotiation or 
 otherwise with the government whereby existing difficulties and em- 
 barra,ssments between the nation and the government might be Jinally 
 settled, resjiecting the status and rights of the colored people as stip- 
 ulated in the treaty of 18GG. 
 
 On the 28th of June, 1880, the Cherokee delegates called the atten- 
 tion of this bureau to said act, stating that the nation was anxious to 
 settle the question, while the department acknowledged the necessity 
 for action to relieve this office of embarrassment in the administration 
 of law in the premises, and requested that a commissioner or representa- 
 tive of the department attend the Cherokee Council at its next meeting. 
 Accordingly Agent Tufts was directed, October IG, 1880, to attend said 
 council and endeavor to secure such legislation as would secure the 
 colored people the rights guaranteed them in the treaty of 18G6. Agent 
 Tufts attended said council, and, after a full interchange of views, the 
 council passed an act which was approved November 23, 1880 (see Cher- 
 okee Laws, p. 325, edition of 1881), authorizing the principal chief to 
 appoint three commissioners on the part of the nation to confer with 
 John Q. Tufts, United States Indian agent, for the purjiose of draught- 
 ing articles of agreement for the final settlement of the status of the 
 colored j)eople residing in the nation and embraced in the treaty of July 
 19, 1866, said articles of agreement to be first submitted to the national 
 council for approval, and, when approved, submitted to the Commis- 
 sioner of Indian Affairs for ratification by Congress, Agent Tufts met 
 the commissioners appointed, but soon discovered that no action grant- 
 ing the freedmen the rights to which they were entitled would be enter- 
 tained by them. It was decided, therefore, to refer the matter to the 
 next council, which met in November, 1881, when a general discussion 
 was had, but no action was taken. In his report of January 26, 1882, 
 Agent Tufts states that — 
 
 It is unpopular in tlie Cherokee Nation to advocate a measure that provides for 
 placing tlie colored man on an equality -with Cherokees, and the politicians are 
 civilized enough to do nothing that might lessen their chances for political success; 
 hence until the sentiment shall undergo a revolution there will be no favorable action. 
 
 From the hesitancy heretofore shown by the nation to carry out in 
 good faith toward the colored people simply what has been granted 
 them by the treat}-, I am convinced that the nation will not fix and 
 settle the status of the colored people until a more peremptory demand 
 is made on the nation to execute the conditions of their treaty respect- 
 ing them. 
 
 Many of the colored people speak the Cherokee language, and having 
 been brought up among Cherokees and accustomed to their ways, it 
 Avould be a hardship to remove them from that country, and remaining 
 in the nation, they should be accorded all their rights. Agent Tufts 
 recommended the appointment of a commission to visit the agency 
 with authority to hear evidence and determine the question whether 
 the claimants were freedmen liberated by vohmtary act of owner, or 
 by law, or whether they were free colored persons and in the country 
 at the commencement of the rebellion j and whether they were rest-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 659 
 
 dents of the nation at the time of the treaty, or returned within six 
 months thereafter — the findings of the commission to be submitted to 
 the department for approval. 
 
 Chickasaw Nation. — The status of the freedmen in this nation was 
 fully stated in my annual report of last year (p. LII), and I invite your 
 attention to the subject again as one requiring definitive action on the 
 part of Congress. An act was passed by the legislature of the Chicka- 
 saw Nation, which was approved January 10, 1873, entitled "An act to 
 adopt the negroes of the Chickasaw Nation," as follows : 
 
 Section 1. Be it enacted, hy the legislature of the Chickasaw Nation, That all the 
 negroes belonging to Chickasaws at the time of the adoption of the treaty of Fort 
 Smith, and living in the Chickasaw Nation at the date thereof, and their descendants, 
 are hereby declared to be adopted in conformity with the third article of the treaty 
 of 1866, between the Choctaws, Chickasaws, and the United States: Provided, however, 
 That the proportional part of the §300,000, specified in article third of the said treaty, 
 with the accrued interest thereon, shall be paid to the Chicasaw Nation for its sole 
 use and benefit: And provided further, The said adopted negroes of the Chickasaw 
 Nation shall not participate in any part of the said pi-oportional part of the said 
 $300,000, nor be entitled to any benefit from the principal and interest on our invested 
 funds or claims arisjjng therefrom, nor to any part of our common domain, or the 
 profits arising therefrom (except the forty acres per capita provided for in the third 
 article of the treaty of 1866), nor to any privileges or rights not authorized by treaty 
 stipulations: And provided further, That the said adopted negroes, upon the approval 
 of this act, shall be subject to the jurisdiction and laws of the Chickasaw Nation, and 
 to trial and imprisonment for offenses against them in every case just aa if the said 
 negroes were Chickasaws. 
 
 Sec. 2. And be it further enacted. That this act shall bo in full force and effect from 
 and after its approval by the proper authority of the United States. And all laws, or 
 parts of laws, in conflict with this act, are hereby repealed. 
 
 In transmitting this act to Congress, Secretary Delano, under date of 
 February 10, 1873, recommended that such legislation be had by Con- 
 gress as would extend the time in all respects for the execution of the 
 provisions of the third article of the treaty of 1866 for the term of two 
 years from the 1st of July following. This subject was referred to the 
 Committee on Freedmen's Affairs, February 13, 1873, and ordered to be 
 printed, and there legislation ceased. (See H. E. Ex. Doc. No. 207, 
 Forty-second Congress, third session.) 
 
 Subsequently resolutions in relation to the freedmen and their de- 
 scendants in the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations were adopted by the 
 legislature of the Chickasaw Nation, which were approved October 18, 
 1876, authorizing the election by the legislature of four commissioners, 
 one from each county in the nation, to visit the capital of the Choctaw 
 Nation daring its next regidar session, with instructions to confer with 
 commissioners from the Choctaw Nation, and agree upon some plan 
 whereby the freedmen formerly slaves of the two nations and tlieir 
 descendants should be removed from and kept out of the limits of the 
 Choctaw and Chickasaw country. (See Chickasaw laws, j). 118, edition 
 1878.) And, again, the legislature of said nation passed an act, approved 
 March 17, 1871), authorizing and directing the governor to appoint five 
 commissioners to meet like commissioners from the Choctaws to confer 
 on the freedmen question, and all questions that might att'ect the joint 
 interest of the Choctaws and Chickasaws, and report in writing to the 
 governor, said report to be laid before the next meeting of the legisla- 
 ture, and to be approved by them before it should be binding on the 
 Chickasaw ])eople. (See page 6 of Pamphlet Laws, 1878-'81.) Wliile 
 the act of 1873 contemplated the adoption of their colored people into 
 the nation, that opportunity was lost by the failure of Congress at the 
 time to take definite action thereon, and all subsequent action has shown 
 a tendency on the part of the Chickasaws to efiect a removal of all freed- 
 men from their oountry.
 
 660 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THK 
 
 Choctaw ]S'(itio7i. — Tlio stiitus of the colored poo])](' iii the Choctaw 
 Nation was set forth in my annual report of last year in conjunction 
 with the Cliickasaws. Since that time, fi " memoriiil to tiie United 
 States Government in rejiard to adopting; freedmen to be citizens of the 
 Choctaw i!Nation," adopted by the Choctaw council and tipproved by the 
 governor November 2, 1S80, has been submitted, wherein they declare 
 their willingness to accept their freedmen as citizens, in accordance 
 with the tern)8 of the third article of the ti-eaty of 1S6G, and request 
 tlie government to take action thereon, determining whether or not the 
 government will accept or reject said proiiosition. In tliis memorial 
 the Choctaws agree to give said freedmen educntional facilities in 
 neighborhood schools equal with said ('lioctaws, and request the gov- 
 ernment to declare such freedmen as may not elect to become citizens 
 of the nation to be on the same footing with other citizens of tlie United 
 States resident therein. 
 
 Senator Ingalls, on the 23d of February, 1882, introduced a bill (S. 
 1299) in the Senate, entitled a bill "to enable the Choctaw freedmen to 
 become citizens of the Choctaw Nation," being a ratification and an 
 acceptance of said memorial and proposition, which was read twice and 
 referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 
 The freedmen of these three nations have been a long time dejirived 
 of the rights to which they are justly entitled, and have been trying to 
 be heard during all these years, but have been put off under one pretext 
 or another until they should not be required to wait longer on account 
 of a failure on the part of these nations to take more delinite action in 
 establishing their status. I cannot, therefore, too strongly urge upon 
 Congress the adoption of such legislation as will afford the freedmen 
 prompt relief and forever settle the difficulties and embarrassments 
 involved in this question. 
 
 Crcelc JS'ation. — The second article of the Creek treaty of June 14, 
 1S6G (14 Stats., p. 78G), stipulatetl that inasmuch as there were among the 
 Creeks many persons of xlMcan descent who had no interest in the soil, 
 thereafter these persons lawfully residing in said Creek country under 
 their laws and usages, or who had been residing and should return 
 within one year from the ratification of the treaty, and their descend- 
 ants, and such others of the same race as were permitted by the laws 
 of the nation to settle within the limits of the jurisdiction of the Creek 
 Nation as citizens thereof, should have and enjoy all the rights and 
 privileges of native citizens, including an equal interest in the soil and 
 national funds, and the laws should be equally binding upon and give 
 equal protection to all such persons, and all others, of whatsoever race or 
 coloi', who might be adopted citizens or members of the tribe. 
 
 These Indians have respected their treaty stipulations relating to their 
 freedmen, and have granted them every right of other citizens, as de- 
 clared in the second section of Article 1, Chapter VII, entitled citizen- 
 ship and non-citizens (Muskogee Laws, p. 57, edition of 1880), which 
 provides that — 
 
 All persons who have heen at any time adopted by the recognized authorities of the 
 Muskogee Nation, aud all persons of African descent who were made citizens hy the 
 treaty of June, lt-66, between the Creek Nation aud the United States, shall hereafter 
 be recognized as citizens of the Muskogee Nation. 
 
 Seminole Nation. — The same stipulations respecting the freedmen of 
 the Creek Nation are incorporated in the second article of the Seminole 
 treaty of JMarch 21, 1866 (14 Stats., p. 756), respecting their freedmen, 
 and the same action was taken by the nation in their belmlf, no distinc- 
 tion being made in the Seminole Nation between the races.
 
 REPUKT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 661 
 
 JCA^^SAS 1^'DIAN indebtedness, as RErilESENTED BY "'KAW SCRIP."' 
 
 By a resolutiou of tbe Senate of January 27th last, the Secretary of 
 the Interior was directed to inform the Senate of the amount of in- 
 debtedness by the Kansas tribe of Indians to individuals representcil 
 by certificates Issued by any othcer of the government; tbe status of said 
 indebtedness, whether legal or equitable, or both; what, if any, asset.s 
 of said tribe the government holds; "and what legislation, if any, is nec- 
 essary, in order that said indebtedness may be paid, and the financial 
 relations of said tribe to the government, growing out of the sale of its 
 reservation in the State of Kansas, may be speedily and finally settled.*' 
 
 As an early adjustment of this long-standing indebtedness is greatly 
 to be desired, it was hoped that the call of the Senate for information 
 indicated a purpose to provide such needful legislation as would insure 
 such result. • However, no measures looking to that end have thus far 
 been introduced, save only that by a clause in the deficiency appropri- 
 ation act approved August 5, 1SS2, the sum of $15,000 was authorized 
 to be paid out of any funds in the Treasury to the credit of said Indians, 
 derived from the sale of their lands, in liquidation of so much of said 
 indebtedness, principal and interest, as is represented by scrip certifi- 
 cates of the first class (Stevens scrip, so called) held by mechanics and 
 others who actually performed the labor in the construction of build- 
 ings, &c., for the benefit of said Kansas Indians, under Stevens's con- 
 tracts, for the payment of which the indebtedness was incurred. 
 
 In response to said resolution this office submitted to the depart- 
 ment, under date of March 9 last, a brief history of the indebtedness, 
 a statement of the amount of the same, its present status, as well as a 
 statement of the assets of the tribe held by the government.* The total 
 amount of the indebtedness of the tribe, including interest, was shown 
 to be considerably less than the value of the lands and improvements 
 owned by them, as appraised under authority of the act of July 5, 1876, 
 and from the proceeds of the sale of which their debt obligations are to 
 be discharged. It was further stated that the sums of money advanc^etl 
 by tlie government to the Indians for advertising in connection with the 
 sale of their lands, for their proper care and subsistence, for the i)ur- 
 chase of agricultural implements and pay of employes, for the erection 
 of agency buildings, &;c., must be refunded to the government from tbe 
 sale of their lands before any of the obligations of the tribe repre- 
 sented by scrip certificates can bo paid in cash. Since the rendition of 
 the report the moneys received from such sales have been more tban 
 suificientto discbarge the balance then due tbe government on account 
 of moneys so advanced, which balance was stated to be (ai)proxiinately) 
 $11,475.80. There is now on the books of this office to the credit of 
 said Indians, being tbe i)roceeds of the sale of their lands, a balance of 
 $20,064.00, after i)aying certificates amounting in the aggregate to 
 $13,483.28, under the autiiority of tbe recent act hereinbefore referred 
 to. (Act approved August 5, 1882.) Tbis am6unt will bo increased as 
 tbe sales progress, and as it appears that the lauds are being disposed 
 of more rapidly than formerly, it is gratifying to know that an early 
 settlement of tbis entire indebtedness is within the range of possibility. 
 
 However, notwithstanding there are funds available to the amount 
 stated, in the present posture of tbe wise none of these certificates can 
 be paid immediately, nor until legislation shall have been had legalizing 
 tbe entire indebtedness as represented thereby, and for tbe following 
 
 *Tlio report of this oftico eiiibodyinc said statcnieuts is made the subject matter of 
 Senate Ex. Doc. No. 13G, Forty-soventli CoDgress, first session.
 
 662 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 reasons, briefly : There was really no authority of law for the issuance 
 of certificates of the first-class — tlie so-calleil Stevens scrip. (There were 
 three classes of scrip issued). The treaty of 1859(17 Stat, 1111) merely 
 directed a ])ortion of the Kaw lands to be sold, the proceeds thereof to 
 be applied in improvinj^' the condition of the Indians in such manner 
 as the Secretary of the Interior might deem proper. Nevertheless the 
 scrip was issued and has ever been regarded as forming a part of the 
 proper liabilities of the government. Furthermore, certificates of class 
 2 were not only issued prior to the ratification of the treaty authorizing 
 their issuance, but are supposed to have been issued in excess of the au- 
 thorized amount. So also in the case of certificates of class 3, with the 
 possible exception that no certificates of that class were issued prior to 
 the ratification of the treaty. 
 
 That all of this scrij), of the several classes, was issued in the utmost 
 good faith, and with the design of carrying out the beneficial purposes 
 of the treaties of 1859-'62 in a manner that would seem to insure the 
 best results, cannot be questioned. That the long delay in the settle- 
 ment of this indebtedness, resulting from inability to sell the lands, 
 has worked great hardship to individual holders of this scrip, must also 
 be admitted. For years past appeals have been made for some sort of 
 settlement. These appeals have amounted to entreaties, as the delay 
 has continued ; in one instance, at least, the holder offering to surrender 
 all claim to interest (now amounting to considerably more than the prin- 
 cipal) on payment of the face value of the scrip certificates held by him. 
 
 In the report of this office to which reference has herein been made, 
 it was suggested that if legislation could be had legalizing the entire 
 outstanding indebtedness represented by these scrip certificates, and an 
 appropriation made sufficient to cover such indebtedness, the certifi- 
 cates could be called in, examined, and paid, the government reimburs- 
 ing itself from the sale of the lands. This was the plan urged by Mr. 
 Haskell of the House of Eepresentatives, and it seemed at the time to 
 be the only sure way to anything like an early adjustment of the matter. 
 In the present aspect of the case, however, it is thought possible that 
 an early settlement of the greater part of the indebtedness may be 
 reached under the provisions of existing law, and without the aid of an 
 appropriation, provided that legislation be had legalizing the same, or 
 directing the payment thereof. It is to be hoped that such legislation 
 may be provided during the coming winter. 
 
 NORTHERN CHEYENNES IN INDIAN TERRITORY. 
 
 On the 6th of October, 1881, Little Chief and his band, 235 in all, 
 under authority of the department, left the Cheyenne and Arapaho 
 Agency, in the Indian Territory, and proceeded to Pine Ridge Agency, 
 Dakota. On their arrival there it was found that the band numbered 
 317, eighty -two having joined the party secretly and without authority. 
 There are now remaining at the Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency of these 
 Northern Cheyennes 084, who strongly desire to join their friends and 
 relatives in Dakota. 
 
 In my last report attention was called to the promise made Little 
 Chief, that the request of the remainder of the baud to be allowed to 
 return north should be laid before Congress. This request they have 
 construed into a positive promise, and for mouths past have been very 
 persistent in tlieir importunities to return to Dakota. From all the fact's 
 that have come to my knowledge during the past year in regard to these 
 Indians I am satisfied that the will never be contented to remain where
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 663 
 
 they are. The agent alleges that their dissatisfaction prevents them 
 from making any progress, and is the constant sonrcc of much annoy- 
 ance and disturbance among the Indians wlio recognize that agency as 
 their home. It will, therefore, be to the advantage of both parties and 
 in the interest of peace and harmony to separate them. The Southern 
 Cheyennes will make much more rapid advancement in civilized pur- 
 suits, and the jSTorthcrn Cheyennes who return will be contented and 
 do far better among their kindred and friends at their old homes among 
 the Sioux. I therefore earnestly renew my recommendation that pro- 
 vision be made by Congress to permit them to return north as earb 
 nv^^ gjjmmer as practicable. 
 
 THE NEZ PERC^ INDIANS OP JOSEPH'S BAND. 
 
 The question as to the final settlement and jiermanent location of the 
 Nez Perce Indians who surrendered under Chief Joseph to General 
 Miles, in the year 1877, has been a subject of much concern and annoy- 
 ance both to the deijartment and the Indians themselves. Tlie facts in 
 connection with their surrender and subsequent location in the Indian 
 Territory, are matters of public notoriety, and have been alluded to in 
 former annual reports. At the time of the surrender it was stated, and 
 the information before this office corroborated the statement, that such 
 cruel and unprovoked murders had been committed by Joseph and his 
 band in Idaho as to create an almost insuperable barrier against their 
 return to their old home, and to banish all expectation of peace or safety 
 for Joseph and his followers on that reservation, or in its vicinity, at 
 least until the resentment awakened by these offenses should be some- 
 what modified by the lapse of time. With a desire to solve the problem 
 in such a way as to maintain and enforce a proper and due regard for 
 the laws and authority of the government, and at the same time avoid 
 doing any injustice to a brave but misguided captive, this otfice and the 
 department acquiesced in the various recommendations of the distin- 
 guished military officials who had been actively engaged in accomplish- 
 ing the surrender, and who had also taken a very lu'ominent part in 
 endeavoring to secure an amicable settlement of the difficulties, and con- 
 sented to the removal of Joseph and his band to the Indian Territory'. 
 
 By the Indian appropriation act of May 27, 1878 (20 Stat., p. 71), an 
 appropriation was made to enable the Secretary of the Interior to remove 
 these Nez Perces, then held prisoners of war at Fort Leavenworth, 
 Kansas, to a suitable location in the Indian Territory, and for their set- 
 tlement thereon. On the 21st of July, 1878, these Indians were turned 
 over to Inspector McNeil and Agent Jones, and placed upon the Quapaw 
 Eeservation. On the 15th of October, 1878, Commissioner llayt visited 
 them, and took chiefs Young Joseph and ITusescruyt (Bald-llead) to the 
 west of the Arkansas Eiver for the purpose of selecting a permanent 
 home for tlie band. They selected a tract a few miles west oftlie Ponca 
 Keserve, where the Sha-kaskia empties into Salt Creek, viz, townships 
 25 and 20 N., ranges 1 and 2 west, containing; i>0.710.S<j acres. 
 
 On the 31stof January, 1870, Young Joseph and Yellow Bull, first and 
 second chiefs, acting for the band, made an agreement whereby they 
 jiroposed to relinquish all claim lo their lands in Idaho or elsewhere 
 .and settle permanently in the Indian Territory upon four townships of 
 land to be selectetl and purchased by the government 4i)r their use and 
 occupancy, which agreement was subnntted to the dejiartment Febru- 
 ary 1, 1879, lor ratification by Congress, and was accompanied by a draft 
 iPf bill for that purpose. The bOl did not bee hih- :: l;>w, yet the Indians
 
 664 PAVERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 have been located on tin; lour lo\viislii]).s above iiaiiied, and Cougre.s.s 
 for three years has made auuual approi)riatioiis lor their maintenance 
 and snp])ort thereon. 
 
 It lias been hoped that the advantages of the location selected for this 
 band of Nez Perces in the Indian Territory would be such as to engender 
 in them a spirit of enterprise and emulation, which after a few years 
 would make them comparatively contented with their new home. This 
 hope, however, has not been realized, and although, since the time of 
 their surrender, these people have exhtbited a quiet and unmurmuring 
 submission to the inevitable, and have manifested a conscientious desire 
 to obey all la^^s and regulations ])rovided for their government, yet as 
 each year passes numerous petitions and urgent requests come from 
 *Siem praying to be returned to their [old home and relatives. Their 
 qniet and peaceable conduct since the surrender, and their eftbrts to be 
 law-abiding and self-supi>orting are commendable, and under the cir- 
 cum^auces remarkable. 
 
 The larger proportion of the Nez Perc6 tribe are located on the reser- 
 vation in Idaho, and as a rule this tribe has been a strict observer of all 
 treaty convenants with the government. They were active in their 
 eflbrts to subdue the outbreak of Chief Joseph and his band, and in the 
 battle with their kindred some of them were killed and others wounded, 
 /"'oseph and his band appear to be the only ones of the tribe who have 
 iver engaged in hostility against the whites. I^ot in the least excusing 
 'f attempting to palliate the crimes alleged to have been committed by 
 '^hem, it is but fair to say that their warfare was conducted with a notice- 
 able absence of savage barbarity on their part, and that they persist- 
 ently claim that when they surrendered to General Miles it was with the 
 express stipulation that they should be sent back to Idaho. Whether 
 this alleged stipulation be true or not, it is a fact that their unfortunate 
 location near Fort Leavenworth, when in charge of the military, and 
 the influences of the climate where they are now located in the Indian 
 Territory, have caused much sickness among them; their ranks have 
 been sadly depleted, and it is claimed that if they are much longer com- 
 pelled to remain in their present situation, the entire band will become 
 virtually extinct. 
 
 It is now about five years since the surrender, and a sufficient time 
 has probably elapsed to justify the belief that no concerted efibrt will 
 be taken to avenge wrongs alleged to have been perpetrated by these 
 people so many years ago. The band now numbers only about 322 souls, 
 and the reservation in Idaho is ample to accommodate them comforta- 
 bly, in addition to those who are already there, who are substantially 
 self-supporting and who have enough to spare a portion for their less 
 fortunate brethren, and, as I understand, are willing to give them such 
 aid. 
 
 The deep-rooted love for the "old home," which is so conspicuous 
 among them, and their longing desire to leave the warm, debilitating 
 climate of the Indian Territory for the more healthy and invigorating 
 air of the Idaho Mountains, can never be eradicated, and any longer 
 delaj', with the hope of a final contentment on their part with their 
 present situation, is, in my judgment, futile and unnecessary. In view 
 of all the facts, I am constrained to believe that the remnant of this 
 tribe should be returned to Idaho, if possible, early next spring, and I 
 respectfully suggest that this matter be submitted to Congress at its 
 next session, with a recommendation that an appropriation be made 
 sufficient to meet the necessary expenses of removal thither. But if 
 Congress should decide that the best interests of all concerned will be
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF TUE INTERIOR. 665 
 
 best subserved by retaiuing these ludians where they iiow are, it will 
 be necessary to have such legislation as will perfect the title to the lands 
 which Iiave been selected for them and upon which they now reside. 
 
 PONCAS. 
 
 in my last annual report reference was made to the mistake which 
 occurred in the treaty between the United States and the Sioux Indians, 
 concluded April 2y,'l8G8 (15 Stat., 035), by which lands belonging to 
 the Poncas were taken away from them and given to the Sioux. It was 
 stated that an agent was then among the Sioux Indians, parties to the 
 treaty of April 2U, 1808, to obtain the ratification of the agreement en- 
 tered^ into at Washington, August 20, 1881, by certain chiefs of the 
 Sioux, for the purpose of correcting the mistake in part. Since that 
 time the agreement has been signed by 722 members of the bands located 
 at the Standing Kock Agency •, by 410 of those located at the Cheyenne 
 Eiver Agency ; bv 008 of the Ogallalas, located at Pine liidge ; and by 
 292 of the Lower Brulds; making a total of 2,338. 
 
 The Indians at liosebud Agency having refused to sign this agree- 
 ment, the agent was instructed, under date of January 27, 1882, to make 
 a written statement on the back of the agreement that the Indians at 
 that agency refused to sign an agreement to give more than 100 acres to 
 heads of families and 80 acres to single adults, but that they do agree to 
 sign one giving the amount as above. Eleven hundred and sixty-seven 
 of these Indians thereupon signetl the following modified agreement: 
 
 We, the uiulersigned Indians of Rosebud Agency, Dakota, refuse to sigri tliis agree- 
 ment giving G40 acres to heads of families, but we do hereby ;igroe to give 160 acres 
 for the use and occupation of each head of family, and dO acres to each single male or 
 female over eighteen years of age, and we have as an evidence that wo consent to and 
 ratify- this amended agreement hereunto subscribed our names this 28th day of March, 
 A. D. 18«2. 
 
 Three thousand five hundred and five of the Sioux Indians, therefore, 
 have consented to the agreement either as originally prepared or in the 
 modified form. 
 
 The Lower Yanktonais, located at Crow Creek Agency, refused to sign 
 the agreement on the ground that thej- had no interest or right in the 
 lands embraced in the Great Sioux Keservation, and that their rights and 
 interests, if they had any, were in the lands on the east side of the Mis- 
 souri liiver. They also claimed that they had never participated in any 
 of the treaties or negotiations in regard to lands on the west side of the 
 Missouri Kiver. The treaty of April 29, 1808, however, puri)orts to be 
 signed by twenty-four chiefs and headmen of the Yanktonnais. 
 
 The Santee Sioux have thus far refused to sign the original agreement 
 on the ground that the Northern Indians had signed a modified agree- 
 ment. The agent at Santee Agency has recently been instructed to 
 endeavor to olitain the signatures of the Santee Sioux to tbe agreement 
 execute<l by the Kosebud Indians in ease they still refuse to sign the 
 original. 
 
 The total Indian population of the Great Sioux and Santee Reserva- 
 tions (including Crow ('reek) is estimated at 23,081. Allowing one-fifth 
 of the population to be adult males, it would require the signatures of 
 3,402 Indians to comply with the recpiirements of the tweltth article of 
 i**& treaty of Ajiril 29, 1808. A sufficient numl)er, therefore, have signed 
 the agreement giving 100 acres to each head of a family, and 80 acres 
 to each single adult, if it be held that the agreement to give the greater 
 quantity ineludes the lesser. This matter will form the subject of a 
 special report in time for action at the beginning of the next session of 
 Congress.
 
 ^ 
 
 666 PAPERS ACCOxMPANYING THE 
 
 BLACKFEET INDIANS IN MONTANA. 
 
 Some inoiitlis ;i<;o tlnv ayeut of tbc Blackfeet Indians, wlio is, I be- 
 lieve, a jLi;()od man, and a faitliinl agent, made a request that his Indians 
 bo allowed to out some of tlie pine timber in the mountainous part of 
 the reservation, manufacture it into lumber, and ti'iitle the lumber for 
 provisions to prevent starvation ; but under the law, as it now exists, 
 this could not be allowed. Then the agent asked permission, which 
 was granted, to solicit contributions among his friends in the East, to 
 prevent suffering among his Indians; and now, while I write, word conies 
 that these Indians are nearly destitute of food, and that there is danger 
 that the cattle herd, which belongs to the government, and which it la 
 desirable should be kept for stock purposes, will be killed by them for 
 food. The a])propriation for these Indians for the year gives to each 
 one less than an ounce of beef and less than one ounce and one-half 
 ounce of flour each day. In view^ of these facts I think I risk nothing 
 in saying that any law that prohibits Indians under such circumstances 
 from using the timber on the reservation, to prevent starvation, is ab- 
 surd to the last degree. There is approi)i'iated each year for the In- 
 dians on the San Carlos Reservation about $300,000, and yet there is on 
 this reserxatiou coal that if utilized would make an appropriation un- 
 necessary; but under the present laws this cannot be done. Is it not 
 plain that these laws should be changed"? 
 
 CEOW CESSION AND ALL0T3IENTS. 
 
 Attention, was called in the annual report of last year to the agree- 
 ment nuide with the Crow Indians in 1880, and its ratification by Con- 
 gress was urged. Under date of December 14, 1881, the subject was 
 laid before the department, setting forth the terms of the agreement, 
 whereby the Crows proposed to cede 1,552,800 acres of land from the 
 western j^ortion of their domain, and submitting a bill to ratify said 
 agreement, with recommendation that Congress take early action thereon. 
 The agreement, which a])pears in full on page 253 of this report, was 
 ratified by Congress, and its action approved by the President April 11, 
 1882. Provision is made in this agreement for the allotment of lands in 
 severalty to the Indians, for the erection of houses, and for the purchase 
 of seeds, farming implements, and stock. An appropriation of 815,000 
 was made to pay the expenses of the survey of the lands to be allotted. 
 In compliance with these provisions the General Land Office has been 
 directed to make said survey in the valleys of the Big Horn and Little 
 Big Horn Rivers, and when the survey is completed instructions will be 
 issued to the agent to make allotments of land in severalty, as provided 
 in said agreement. 
 
 SALE OF A PART OF THE OMAHA RESERVATION. 
 
 In a special report to the department, dated September 18 (ultimo), 
 the attention of the department was called to the recent act (approved 
 August 7, 1882) providing for the sale of a part of the reservation of 
 the Omaha tribe of Indians in the State of Nebraska. It was stated 
 that, in the absence of a specific appropriation to meet the expenses 
 thereof, it was difficult to see how the survey (if a resurvey should be 
 found necessary) and appraisement could be proceeded with; but it was 
 suggested that steps might be taken to obtain the consent of the 
 Indians, as required in sections 1 and 5 of said act, and that the allot- 
 ments provided for in section 5 might be selected and submitted for
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 667 
 
 approval, so that no nnnecessary delay might be expierienced when the 
 proper time should arrive for proceeding: with the sale of the lands as 
 authorized. Bj' section 8 of the act the Indians are permitted, if they 
 shall so elect, to select allotments within the tract desijrnated to be sold, 
 and while it is not thought that there are any who desire to make selec 
 tions there, it might be well to ascertain their intentions in that respect, 
 so that if there be any such they may make their selections and have 
 them approved before the appraisement is begun. 
 
 MESCALERO APACHE RESERVATION. 
 
 Early in the present year a considerable change was made in the bound- 
 aries of the Mescalero Apache Reservation in Xew Mexico, by which a 
 goodly portion thereof was restored to the public domain fi'om the north 
 and west, while a tract containing an area equal to about five townships 
 was added thereto on the east. This change was made to satisfy the 
 wishes of the white population of the " Xogal Mining District," so called, 
 and by so doing to allay the ill feeling against the Indians which it was 
 not difficult to see was fast taking the place of previously acknowledged 
 friendship for them. It appears that upon the discovery of gold in the 
 Kogal Mountains a large body of miners and prospectors were attracted 
 there, and that in due time what is now known as the " Nogal Mining Dis- 
 trict" was organized. New veins were discovered, and many locations 
 were made upon lauds afterwards discovered to be within the reserva- 
 tion. As was natural, when a knowledge of these facts reached the 
 Indians a spirit of dissatisfaction was manifested, and the miners, fear- 
 ing that they might lose the results of their enterprise and labor, ap- 
 pealed to the government through the military. Upon a proper presen- 
 tation of the facts by their agent, the Indians appeared to appreciate 
 the situation, and finally became convinced that it would be to their 
 interest to yield to the fair demands of the miners. Accordingly they 
 decided to interpose no objection to such reduction of the reserations 
 on the north and west as in the judgment of the department might seem 
 expedient, with the understanding, however, that a strip* of country 
 should be added to the reservation on the east, which would afford them 
 additional grazing ground. 
 
 The existence of certain claims within the reservation alleged to have 
 been acquired prior to its establishment, and upon which the claiinants 
 resided, has been a fruitful source of trouble. This was an additional 
 reason for desiring a reduction of the reservation. By the reduction all 
 but two have been i)laced outside the limits of the reservation, thereby 
 disposing of a much-vexed question. At the request of the department, 
 a survey of tlie new boundaries of the reservation is t<> be conducted at 
 once by an officer of the Army, detailed for that purpose by direction 
 of the Secretary of War. 
 
 AMOUNT DUE NAVAJO INDIANS. 
 
 I deem it my duty to call the attention of Congress to the sum of 
 $156,051.74, which in my opinion is justly due tlie Navajoes, but which, 
 under the operations of the act of June L'O, 1S74, was covered back into 
 the Treasury. The following is a brief liistory of the case : Article 7 of 
 the treaty with the Navajoes, dated .June 1, 1868 (U. S. Stats., vol. 15, 
 l)age GG7), i>rovides that the head of a family who cultivates the soil — 
 Shall bopntitlo«l to receive seeds and agricnltnnil implonionts for the first year, not 
 exceeding in value .'JlOO, and for each succeedin;; year he shall continue to farm, fur a 
 period of two years, he shall ho entitled to receivo seeds and impleiuenta to tbo valiid 
 ,of$ii5.
 
 668 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 111 pursuance of this provision, Congress, in 1800, ji))i)ropiiated for 
 "seeds, farming iinplemenls, work-cattle, and other stock, for 1,4(»0 ftim- 
 ilies, in conformity with tlie seventh article of said treaty, 8140,000,*' 
 and ill 1870 and 1871 the sum of >i535,000 for each year whs approi)riated 
 for see<ls and agricultural implements for 1,400 families, at the rate of 
 $25 ]ier family, making a total appropriation of 8210,000. From July 
 1, 18G0, to June 30, 1877, the expenditures from that appropriation for 
 the purpose above named were $53,318.26, leaving an unexpended bal- 
 ance on hand of $156,651.74. This amount, together with other balances 
 to the credit of the Navajoesj was, by order of the Secretary of the Treas- 
 ury, carried to the surplus fund, on the 30th of June, 3877, under the 
 operations of an act of Congress approved June 20, 1874. Subsequent to 
 the date of this warrant, the Attorney-General, by opinion dated July 
 5, 1877, decided that specific amounts appropriated to carry out treaty 
 contracts prior to June 20, 1874, Avere exempt from the operations of 
 the surplus-fund act of 1874, and under said decision certain amounts 
 belonging to various Indian tribes have been brought back by warrants 
 to the credit of the Indians interested. By letter from this office, under 
 date of April 12, last, you were asked to request the honorable Secretary 
 of the Treasury to issue a warrant for placing to the credit of the Xava- 
 joes the unexpended balance of $150,651.74, which was a specific appro- 
 priation made for said Indians under treaty prior to June 20, 1874, and 
 under the decision of the Attorney- General was exemi)t from the opera- 
 tions of that law. The honorable Secretary of the Treasury, under date 
 of May 10, last, replied that — 
 
 Requisitions based upon settled accounts to pay bills for agricultural implements 
 and iSeeds for the benefit of such of the 1,400 families of Navajoes as have not yet re- 
 ceived their proportion uuder the seventh article of their treaty "will be charg'ed against 
 the appropriation "fulfilling treaty with Navajoes, seventh article treaty of June, 
 1868, contract prior to June 20, 1874." 
 
 This virtually recognizes the fact that the amount of 8156,651.74 is 
 due these Indians, and was erroneously covered in the Treasury, and 
 I respectfully recommend that Congi-ess be requested to reappropriate 
 that amount in order that it may be brought on the books of this office 
 and expended for the benefit of the Kavajoes. If this sum, which, under 
 the decision of the Attorney- General, is justly due to the Xavajoes, was 
 placed to their credit on the books of this office, as above recommended, 
 it would render unnecessary any further appropriation for these Indians 
 for several years. 
 
 EASTERN BAND OF CHEEOKEES IN NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Eeferring to the statement made and views expressed in behalf of 
 these Indians in the annual report of last year, I have to report that 
 the encroachments upon their lands by white claimants continue and 
 this office has not the means at its disposal to effect the needed re- 
 lief. Congress at its last session, through the sundry ciA^l appropri- 
 ation act, appropriated $800 to enable the department to emjjloy an 
 agent for these Indians. Samuel B. Gibson, of Swain County, Korth 
 Carolina, has been appointed, in accordance with section 3 of the aet 
 approved July 27, 1868, and he wil be able to look into tlie status of 
 these claims and to determine upon some line of action to secure the 
 removal of such claimants as are unable to show title. 
 
 Eespecting the removal of the Cherokees of Is'orth Caroliaa to the 
 Indian Territory, upon the invitation of the principal chief and delegates 
 of the nation West, referred to in my last annual report, I have to state 
 that 41 persons over 12, and 32 persons under 12, removed from Loudon,
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 669 
 
 Teun., J uue li-17, 1881, at a cost to the government of 81,281.50 ; that 16 
 I)ei'.sons over 12, and 3 persons under 12, removed from Chattanooga, 
 Tenn., September 13-15, 1881, at a cost to the government of 8389.90; 
 and 20 persons over 12, and 21 persons under 12, removed from Chatta- 
 nooga, Tenn., October 19-22, 1881 , at a cost to the government of 8810.20 ; 
 and that 11 jiersons o\er 12, and 8 persons under 12, removed from 
 Cleveland, Tenn.. December .>-7, 1881, at a cost to the government of 
 8il2.90, making in all 97 persons over 12 years of age and 04 per- 
 so)is under 12, who removed during 1881, at a cost to the govern- 
 ment of 82,930.50. Applications for aid from the government liave since 
 been made from parties desiring to remove West, and recommendation 
 was made February 11, 1882, tliat Congress lie requested to appropriate 
 the sum of 820,000 for the removal of those "who desired to go West, 
 including the sum of 82,930.50 expended out of the "civilization fund" 
 in the removal of the aforesaid persons. Congress did, through the 
 deficiency appro])riation act of August 5, 1882, appropriate the sum of 
 $2,930.50 "to reimburse what is commonly known as the 'civilization 
 fund' the amount taken therefrom to defray the expenses of the re- 
 moval of certain Xorth Carolina Cherokee Indians to the Indian Teixi- 
 tory during the year eighteen hundred and eighty-one,'' but failed to 
 make any other appropriation for those desiring removal. 
 
 While admitting the claim that some of these Indians have upon the 
 government for the removal and subsistence guaranteed to them by the 
 8th articleof the Cher.okec treaty of 1835(7 Stat., p. 482), it would not be 
 politic to make further use of the "civilization fund,'' in view of the fail- 
 ure of Congress to make the appropriation asked for in February last. 
 
 By the sundry civil appropriation act of August 7, 1882, Congress ap- 
 propriated the sum of 8800 " to enable the Secretary of the Interior to 
 cause the census to be taken and a new roll to be made of all the Cher- 
 okee Indians residing east of the Mississippi Kiver." This work wil- 
 require a very extended tour through the States of North Carolina, Tenl 
 nessee, Georgia, and Alabama, if not elsewhere, and involve a careful 
 and thorough inve.stigation into the ancestry of the Indians and their 
 relation to indiviiluals whose names are borne on former rolls of the 
 Cherokee Nation. Mr. Joseph G. Hester, of this city, has been ap- 
 l)ointe<l the special agent to perfomi this duty. 
 
 SETTLEMENT OF DIFFERENCES IN THE CHEROKEE NATION. 
 
 During the last session of Congress a bill was introduced in the 
 House of Eepresentatives (H. R. No. 3037) to authorize and enable the 
 Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians to institute and prosecute a suit in 
 the Court of Claims against the Cherokee Natictn. This bill received 
 the favorable indorsement of this oftice, from the tact that the issues 
 involved in the claims of the Cherokees east upon tlie lands and funds 
 of the Cherokees west had been before the dcp.utment for a long 
 series of years, without any favorable i)rospect of adjustment, and from 
 the belief that tlic ad ju<li<ation should be made by some such competent 
 and final tri1>unal as the Court of Claims. 
 
 Acknowledging the gravity of the issues involved, an item was incor- 
 porated by Congress in the sundry civil ai>proi)riation act, approve«l 
 August 7, 1882, as follows: 
 
 Tho Soorotaiy of tho Intrrior shall invoHtii;,ite and roport to Conjin-^s what, in his 
 opinion, wonld In- an (M|uital)h' si'ttlonH-nt of .ill niatti-rs of dispntc lu-lwet'ii tho 
 I'jastern liaml of Chcroki-f IndianN (incliidiii:; all the ClHTokcos irsiiliii^ j-ast of tho 
 Mississippi River) an<l the Cherokee tribe or Nation west; also all uiattei-s of diMputo 
 between other bands or parts of tho Cheroke<» Nation; also nil matters between any
 
 670 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 of Baid bands or parts thereof, and tho United iStates, arising from or growing out of 
 treaty stipulations, or tho laws of Congress relating thereto; and what sum or sums 
 of money, if any, should, in his opinion, l)e])aid under suoh settlement; and the sum 
 of two thousand five hundred dollars is hereby appropriated for such investigation. 
 
 Under date of August IS, 1882, the Secretary of the Interior ap- 
 pointed Courtliind C. Clements, esq., of Richmond, Ind., special agent 
 to investigate all matters of dispute between these bands and parts of 
 bands and the nation west, or the United States, as i^rovided in said 
 item of the sundry civil appropriation act, and ho is now engaged in 
 the examination of the records of this office upon the issues involved. 
 
 UMATILLA RESERVATION IN OREGON. 
 
 Bills have been introduced in the present Congress (S. 434 and H. E. 
 2579) providing for allotments in severalty to the Indians of the above- 
 named reservation, and for the sale of the remainder thereof after such 
 allotments shall have been made, the funds arising from such sale to be 
 used in establishing the Indians on their several allotments, for the 
 support of an industrial farm and school for the children of said reser- 
 vation, and for other like beneficial purposes. The general provisions 
 of these bills, being in keeping with the policy steadfastly advocated 
 by this bureau for allotments in severalty to Indians with perfect and 
 permanent title, were recommended to the favorable consideration of 
 Congress in a special report to the department (in response to a call 
 of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs for information), dated Jan- 
 uary 19, 1882, and supplemental report of February 1 following. 
 
 It appears that a large majority of the Indians occupying said reser- 
 vation are anxious to take lands in severalty ; they have more land than 
 is actually needed for that purpose, and the sale of a part of their reser- 
 vation, as contemplated, would furnish them the means for a fair start 
 upon their several allotments. I renew my recommendation for the 
 early passage of one or the other of the pending bills, with the amend- 
 ments proposed in the special office reports above mentioned. 
 
 TO^VN OF PENDLETON, OREGON. 
 
 In my last annual report to the department the question of disposing 
 of a portion of the Umatilla Reservation in Oregon sufficient to meet 
 the growing necessities of the adjacent town of Pendleton was dis- 
 cussed, with the suggestion that Congress be asked to grant needful 
 authority in the premises. By act of August 5 last authority is had 
 for the survey, appraisement and sale (with the consent of the Indians) 
 of so much of said reservation lying and being contiguous to or in the 
 vicinity of the town of Pendleton as may be necessary to allow that 
 town proper and needful growth and extension, not exceeding 640 acres. 
 An inspector of the department has recently visited the Umatilla Re- 
 servation and obtained the consent of the Indians to disposal of the 
 tract named in the manner proposed. 
 
 MALHEUR RESERVATION. 
 
 By Executive order of recent date (September 13, 1882) the greater 
 portion of the Malheur Indian Reservation in the State of Oregon has 
 been restored to the public domain. In my last annual report it was 
 stated to be the purpose of this office to dispose of the lauds embraced 
 within said reservation by sale for the benefit of Indians for whose use 
 and occupation it was set apart. Such has been the desire and inten- 
 tion of this bureau ever since it became apparent that the reservation 
 was no longer needed for purposes of Indian occupation ; but in response 
 to most urgent and persistent appeals on the part of the people of Ore-
 
 KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 671 
 
 jjon for the restoratiou of these lands to the public domain, in order that 
 they might become subject to settlement under the homestead and i)re- 
 emption laws, this office was led to so far mo<lif.v former recommenda- 
 tions as to reduce the quantity to be retained and sold for the benetit 
 of the Indians to considerably less than one-quarter of the whole reser- 
 vation, and to recommend the reduction of the reservation accordingly. 
 It was upon this recommendation, conciured in by the department, that 
 the order for the reduction was made. 
 
 The tract still remaining in a state of reservation, being the north- 
 eastern portion of the late reservation, embraces all the agency build- 
 ings and im])rovements of whatsoever cLaracter. The order also re- 
 serves out of the lands restored to the public domain a tract of 320 
 acres, upon which are situated the buildings and improvements belong- 
 ing to the old Camp Harney military reserve. It is the intention of the 
 ofhce to ask for such legislation as will enable the department to sell 
 the diminished reserve for the benelit of the Indians aforesaid. 
 
 I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 H. PIIICE, 
 
 Commissioner. 
 
 The Hon. Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIOXER OF RAILROADS. 
 
 Department of the Interior, 
 Office COiVnviissioNER of Railroads, 
 
 Washington, J). C, November 1, 1882. 
 Sir : In compliance with the statutory requirements of the act creat- 
 ing this bureau (20 U. S. Statutes, 1G9, sec. 3), I have the honor to sub- 
 mit the following report in regard to the bureau and its operations, and 
 of the condition of the property, business, and accounts of the several 
 railroad companies which have complied with the request of this office 
 under the law, and to which, or their predecessors, the United States 
 have granted, and Mhich have directly or indirectly received, any sub- 
 sidy in bonds or grant of public lands, and the geographical location of 
 whose railroads is in whole or part west, north or south of the Missouri 
 River. 
 
 ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Able and expert accountants of this office have investigated and re- 
 ported upon the busmess, liuancial condition, and proportion of " net 
 earnings" due the government for thepastyear. The results are shown 
 in detail under the proper headings hereafter. Free access has been 
 accorded to the books and accounts of the several subsidized roads, 
 ■ whenever requested. Detailed statements of the earnings and expenses, 
 financial condition, and physical characteristics of the various land-grant 
 railroads liave been compiled from examination and returns ma«le, and 
 are submitted herewitli. As a rule, the ac(joiints of the roads are kept 
 in a thoroughly comprehensive and business-like manner. 
 
 Rei)orts to this office are not always made as promptly as required, 
 but the desire is expressed by the dill'erent comi)anies to fully and 
 promptly comply with the lawful demands of the bureau. 
 
 INSPECTION OF PROPERTY. 
 
 Properly authorized members of this bureau, in conformity with the 
 law, have made extensive trips this year to inspect the vast properties
 
 672 TAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 of tlio.iiumerouB bonded and land grant railroads coming within its 
 jurisdiction. A decidedly healthy improvement in construction, opera- 
 tion, and business has been manifest. Steel rails are being substituted 
 for iron as raj)idly as practicable, more ties to the mile and of superior 
 (piality, better fastenings and good ballast are being used. Bridges and 
 buildings are )iot only being repaired and renewed, but generally im- 
 proved or repla<!ed by better ones. Embankments and cuts are being 
 widened, gi-ades and curvatures reduced, and general improvements 
 made as far as practicable. The best pattern, as to service, of locomo- 
 tives is being used, and improved passenger and freight cars purchased 
 or built. AVhere the financial condition of the companies admit of it, 
 new machinery of the most improved kind is being obtained ; shoi)s, 
 round houses, station buildings, section and tool houses are being con- 
 structed of a much improved and superior character. 
 
 The unprecedented construction of railroads during the present year 
 deserves very thoughtful consideration. The Pacific companies are 
 rapidly extending their lines, some through sections of country which 
 are and will remain for years to come of little value, but which exten- 
 sions arc for the most part necessary to secure the trade of rapidly de- 
 veloping sections, and to make through connections with important dis- 
 tributing points which will ultimately be of great value to the main lines. 
 
 List of roads inspected and reported upon : 
 
 Miles. 
 Central Pacific system : 
 
 Central Pacitic, main line : 
 
 San Francisco to Ogden via Beuicia 835 
 
 Sacramento to Redding, Oregon Division 170 
 
 Sacramento to San Francisco via Niles, &c 187 
 
 Southern Pacific of California, Arizona, and Ne-w Mexico 1 , 2s< ! 
 
 Total 2,47rt 
 
 Union Pacific system: 
 
 Union Division, main line 1,033 
 
 Cheyenne Division 105 
 
 Colorado Division 189 
 
 Denver and South Park Division 225 
 
 Kansas Division, main line 030 
 
 Kansas Division, McPherson Branch :!6 
 
 Northern Pacific Kaikoad : 
 
 Western Division to "the front" 602 
 
 Eastern Division to " the front" 1,029 
 
 1, 631 
 
 Southern Pacific, Northern Division: 
 
 Main line and branches 178 
 
 Missouri Pacific system: 
 
 Missouri Pacific main line, Saint Louis to Kansas City 283 
 
 Missouri Pacific main line, Atchison to Omaha 166 
 
 Kansas and Texas Division (Missouri, Kansas & Texas Kailw.ay), Sedalia 
 
 toYinita 211 
 
 Saint Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Division, Saint Louis to Texar- 
 
 kana 490 
 
 Texas and Pacific Railway, Texarkaua to El Paso 869 
 
 2, 019 
 
 Saint Louis and San Francisco Railway: 
 
 Vinita, lud. Ter., to Saint Louis, Mo 364
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE IXTERIOR. 673 
 
 Atlantic and Pacific: 
 
 Albnqueniuc to Cauon Diablo, N. Mcx ^12 
 
 Oregon and California : 
 
 Portland to Roseburg and the ''front"' '-212 
 
 Albany to Portland via Corvallis IC? 
 
 31'.» 
 
 Central Branch Union Pacific : 
 
 Atchison to Greenleaf 114 
 
 Sioux City and Pacific: 
 
 Freemont to Missouri Valley Jnnction, and thence to Sioux City, Iowa, 
 all owned 107 
 
 Saint Paul and Duluth: 
 
 Duluth to Saint Paul 155 
 
 CONDITION OF TRANSPORTATION ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Appendix 7 of this report shows in detail the condition of tlic trans- 
 portation accounts of the indebted Pacilic Railroads to the goveniment 
 to be as follows : 
 
 Transportation services performed for tho United States to December 
 
 31, 1681 , as shown by companies' Iwoks ^25, 303, 703 &3 
 
 Less one-half of charijjes for transportation prior to 
 
 1873, paid to th^ companies $4,295,187 03 
 
 [Act of March D, 1873, requires aH transportation performed 
 for the government to be ■withheld. Priortothattinieone- 
 half of iimount was paid to the subsidized railroads.] 
 One-half retained and applied to the credit of tho com- 
 panies, prior to 1873 4,204,471 03 
 
 Transportation services performed and settled for prior 
 to the act of 1873 8,409,659 01 
 
 Remainder applicable to "repayment of interest," to 
 the payment of •' 5 per cent, of net earnings," and to 
 the payment of requirement for U.S. "sinking fund." 10,804,044 (57 
 
 APPLICATIOX. 
 
 Included iii this remainder of $10,604,044. 67 is transpor- 
 tation on non-aided lines operated by the subsidy 
 roads, amounting to .$2, 718, 363 76 
 
 To which add one-half of remaining transi>ortation on 
 subsidy portions 7,042,810 45 
 
 Total to bond and interest account '.•,701,204 21 
 
 One-half transportation (814,085,080.91) on subsidized 
 portions, to sinking I'lnul account 7,042,840 46 
 
 Total 10,804,044 07 
 
 The total cash payments to December 31, 18S1, which have been re- 
 quired from the coiiii)auies, in nddition to tho retention of tho entire 
 compensation for .services, are as follows : 
 
 Central Pacific $1,2.82,26-4 44 
 
 (Xntral Branch Union Pacific 1,953 77 
 
 Union Pacific §1,840,911 70 
 
 Less balance due the Kansas Pacific for excess of 
 transportation over and above the annual requirement 
 for 5 per cent, of its net earnings to December 31, 1881. 930, 074 73 
 
 901,837 03 
 
 Total 2,186,055 JM 
 
 43 Ab
 
 674 
 
 TAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The Central Pacific Kailroad Company has deposited the above 
 amount of $l,liS2,204.44 in the Treasury, but the balance of $901,837.03 
 due from the Union Pacific which owns and operates the Kansas Pa- 
 cific liailway as one of its divisions lias not been 'finally adjusted, owing 
 to items for new construction and new equipment being in dispute, and 
 which is hereafter more fully discussed. 
 
 PASSENGER AND FREIGHT MILEAGE AND RATES. 
 
 Frequent inquiry has been made as to the relative business and rate 
 of compensation for freight and passengers on the Pacific roads, as com- 
 pared with roads not within the jurisdiction of this office. 
 
 With a view to intelligent comparison, I have had compiled a table 
 showing the mileage and rate of compensation for the years 1878, 1879, 
 1880, and 1881 of twelve of the leading representative roads of the 
 United States, which is herewith submitted. 
 
 The low average mileage of the Central Pacific is by reason of about 
 four-fifths of the passenger traflfic being what is known as " Ferry pas- 
 sengers," the haul of which is about miles, thus i)rox)ortionately re- 
 ducing the general or average mileage. 
 
 Miles traveled i)er xmssenger, with average rate per mile. 
 
 Names of roada. 
 
 1878. 
 
 Per 
 pass. 
 
 Kate. 
 
 1879. 
 
 Per 
 pass. 
 
 Ptate. 
 
 Per 
 pass. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Eate. 
 
 188L 
 
 Per 
 
 pass. 
 
 Kate. 
 
 Union Pacific 
 
 Central Pacific 
 
 LouisTille and Nashville 
 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa r6 
 
 Chicago and Northwestern 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul . 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific 
 
 Lake Shore and Michigan Southern . . 
 New Tork, Lake Erie and Western.. . 
 New York Central and Hudson River 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Boston and Albany 
 
 Miles. 
 
 511 
 26 
 58 
 
 147 
 35 
 46 
 40 
 49 
 29 
 34 
 27 
 19 
 
 Cents. 
 3.27 
 2.96 
 3.37 
 3.09 
 2.80 
 3.09 
 2.97 
 2.29 
 2.19 
 2.01 
 2.36 
 2.24 
 
 Miles. 
 
 484 
 27 
 .57 
 
 140 
 35 
 50 
 42 
 50 
 35 
 36 
 26 
 19 
 
 Cents, 
 3.20 
 2.72 
 3.45 
 3.06 
 2.80 
 2.93 
 2.97 
 2.22 
 2.09 
 2.02 
 2.28 
 2.14 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Cent*. 
 
 29 
 54 
 146 
 35 
 52 
 44 
 53 
 33 
 40 
 26 
 19 
 
 3.04 
 3.51 
 3.35 
 
 2.70 
 2.84 
 2.80 
 2.14 
 2.04 
 1.99 
 2.25 
 2.08 
 
 MxUs. 
 166 
 30 
 32 
 
 Cents. 
 3.34 
 3.07 
 3.40 
 
 2.53 
 2.86 
 2.67 
 1.99 
 2.02 
 L86 
 2.J8 
 L97 
 
 Number of miles per ton of freight, with average rate per ton per mile. 
 
 Kames of roada. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 Centa. 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 Per ton. 
 
 Cents. 
 
 
 Miles. 
 434 
 219 
 84 
 218 
 160 
 165 
 209 
 220 
 199 
 265 
 158 
 125 
 
 Eate. 
 
 2.27 
 
 2.75 
 
 1.66 
 
 2.12 
 
 1.72 
 
 L80 
 
 1..56 
 
 .73 
 
 .97 
 
 .93 
 
 .92 
 
 1.13 
 
 Miles. 
 439 
 211 
 85 
 242 
 160 
 197 
 228 
 230 
 191 
 255 
 156 
 119 
 
 Rate. 
 
 1.99 
 
 2. 78 
 
 1.53 
 
 2.51 
 
 1.56 
 
 1.72 
 
 L43 
 
 .64 
 
 .78 
 
 .81 
 
 .80 
 
 LIO 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Sate. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 379 
 
 266 
 
 96 
 
 Raie. 
 1.99 
 
 Central Pacific ... .......... 
 
 264 
 149 
 280 
 155 
 155 
 231 
 222 
 198 
 240 
 150 
 113 
 
 2.34 
 
 1.61 
 
 2.43 
 
 1.49 
 
 1.76 
 
 1.21 
 
 .75 
 
 .84 
 
 .87 
 
 .88 
 
 1.21 
 
 2.14 
 
 Louisville and Nashville 
 
 1.55 
 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa r6 . . . 
 
 
 147 
 163 
 211 
 221 
 179 
 228 
 146 
 110 
 
 1.47 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul. 
 Chicago, Rock Island aud Pacific. . . 
 Lake bhore and Michigan Southern . 
 New York, LakeErieand Western . 
 New York Central and Hudson River 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 1.70 
 1.22 
 .62 
 .81 
 .78 
 .80 
 
 £ostoa and Albany 
 
 L04 
 
 
 
 In this connection I have also had prepared a table of the earnings, 
 mileage, aud rates of compensation for passenger and freight traffic 
 over the Union and Central Pacific roads from the first year of their 
 operation to the latest yearly returns, as complete as the data accessi- 
 ble would admit. They show a steady increase in mileage aud volume 
 of business* tvud decrease in rates of compensation.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
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 676 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANVING THE 
 
 CONDITION OF THE IJOND AND INTEREST ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Tlio followiiij? statoinont of the con<lition of the ac(;ounts -with the 
 /everal Pacific Uailroad companies, so far as re.ijar(ls nioiuiys wliich have 
 beeu actually covered in to tlicir credit, is ol)taiiied from the public debt 
 statement for June 30, 1882. No account is taken of moneys in the 
 sinking funds held by the Treasurer of the United States, or of the 
 compensation for services peribrmed by them for the government at 
 that time remaining unsettled by the accounting officers, an<l under the 
 heading "Interest paid by the United States" the semi-annual pay- 
 ment due July 1, 1882, is included : 
 
 Name of railway. 
 
 Principal 
 outatandin;'. 
 
 Interest ac- Interestpaid 
 
 rued and 
 notyetpaid 
 
 bi' the United 
 States. 
 
 Interest repaid by com- 
 panies. 
 
 By cash 
 
 By transpor- payments o"^^S?';"; 
 
 Balance of 
 interest paid 
 by tlie United 
 
 tation serv 
 ices 
 
 percent, of 
 net earn- 
 in 2:8. 
 
 Central Pacilic $25,88.5,120 00; $776,553 CO $21, 899, 448 07 $S, 812, 411 95 $648, 271 96 i$17,438,7G4 16 
 
 189,090 00 5,751,1.53 09 2,72.5,458 33 1 .3,025,69^76 
 
 817.095 36j 23,323,659 69 8,4.53,537 60 ' 14,870,122 09 
 
 48, 000 00 1, 453, 808 26; 124, 639 85: 6, 926 91 , 1, 322, 241 50 
 
 59,116 80' 1,550, 015 34| 9,367 00; ' 1, 540, 648 ."H 
 
 46,84960! 1, 366, 598 29 1 95,278 57; i 1,271,31972 
 
 Kansas Pa<-iflc 6, 303, 000 00; 
 
 Union Pacific 27,230,512 00, 
 
 Central Branch U. P. i 1, 600, 000 00, 
 
 Western Pacitic 1, 970, 560 00 
 
 Sioux City and Pacific 1,628,320 00! 
 
 Totals 64,623,512 001,938,705 36 55,344,682 7415,220,693 30 655,198 87 
 
 39, 468, 790 57 
 
 Appendix 7 shows the total indebtedness of the several subsidized 
 Pacitic Kailroads to the United States on June 30, 1882, to be as follows : 
 
 TOTAL DEBT. 
 
 Uuion Pacific: 
 
 Principal $33,539,512 00 
 
 Accrued interest 30,080,998 14 
 
 $03,620,510 14 
 
 Central Pacific: 
 
 Principal 27,855,680 00 
 
 Accrued interest 24,285,133 81 
 
 52,140,813 bl 
 
 Sioux City and Pacific : 
 
 Principal 1,628,320 00 
 
 Accrued interest .- 1,415,447 89 
 
 3,043,767 89 
 
 Central Branch Union Pacific : 
 
 Principal 1,600,000 00 
 
 Accrued interest 1,501,808 26 
 
 3, 101, 808 26 
 
 Total 121,906,900 10 
 
 TOTAL CREDIT. 
 
 Transportation services performed and money paid into the Treasury: 
 
 Union Pacific 12,360,603 35 
 
 Central Pacific 6,004,665 17 
 
 Sioux City and Pacific - 95,278 57 
 
 Central Branch Union Pacific 131,566 76 
 
 Total 18,592,113 85 
 
 Balance in favor of the United States, but not due until maturity of 
 the principal, 1895-"99 103,314,786 25 
 
 I
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 677 
 
 CONDITION OF THE SINKING-FUND ACCOUNTS. 
 
 The recommendation is renewed that section 4 of the act of May 7, 
 1878, be so amended as to embrace the subsidy portion of the Kansa.s 
 Division o/ the Uiiiim Paeific Kailway, the Central Branch Union 
 Pacific Railroad, and the Sioux City and Pacific Kailroad within the 
 operations of said act recjuirin.u- the establishment of sinkin;; funds and 
 the payment of "twenty-liN-e per centum of net earnings." The annual 
 requirement as to the Kansas Division should be a sum not less than 
 $300,000, and as to the two other roads, it is believed that $00,000 each 
 would not be an unreasonable re<iuirement. 
 
 A])pendix 8 of this report shows in detail the condition of the sink- 
 ing funds of the Union and Central I'acitic Conii)anies, resi)ectively, 
 held by the Treasurer of the United States under the act of Congress 
 approved May 7, 1878, from which it Avill be seen that on .lune oO, 1882, 
 these funds amounted to $2,710,221.68, the Central Pacific having to its 
 credit $1,534,014.20, and the Union Pacific, $1,181,007.42. 
 
 Investments have been made by the Secretary of the Treasury as 
 follows : 
 
 Character of bonds. 
 
 Union Pa- 
 cific. 
 
 Central Pa- ' -p . , 
 citic. : ^°"'- 
 
 $194, 000 00 I $451. 3r>0 00 
 199,100 CO : -Jal, 750 00 
 
 Funded loan of 1881, 5 per cent $250,450 00 
 
 Funded loan i.f 1907, 4 percent 32,050 00 
 
 Currency sixes, 6 per cent I 301,00000 | 444, 000 00 i 8u5, 000 00 
 
 Principal Gr>0,100 00 83S, ono 00 : 1,48)^,100 00 
 
 Premium paid , 124, 005 43 | 108,727 73! 292, 793 lU 
 
 Total cost i 774,105 43 11,006,727 73 j 1, 760, b03 18 
 
 The last investment was made AjmlO, 1881, at which timea]n'emium 
 as high as 35 per centum was paid, but repeated protests have been 
 made by the com])anies against the heavy cost of these investmedts. 
 
 Oa June 30, 1882, the amounts remaining in the Treasury iininveatcd 
 were as follows : 
 
 Credit of the Central Pacilic s.-)27.886 .')3 
 
 Credit of the Uniou Pacilic 4U7,44I 99 
 
 Total y3r.,:<2«: 52 
 
 on which the above companies are receiving no interest wliatever. 
 
 The act of 1878, section 3, re(iuires that the "sinking fund sliall hr 
 invested by the Secretary of the Treasury in bonds of the United 
 States," and directs that he shall prefer the 5 per cent, bonds. It evi- 
 dently was not foreseen that the 0, 5, 4A, and 4 per cent, bonds might 
 be called in for payment and converted or extended at 3.V, or even .". 
 per cent. ; nor was it foreseen that the premium would rise to more than 
 one third of the entire fund. The last investment was made April 0, 
 1881, at a inemium as high as 35 per cent., and on June 30, last, there 
 remained uninvested $035,328.52, which amount has since been hugely 
 increased. The linid has evidently not accomplished the result antici- 
 pated ami, since April, 1881, may be regarded as having i)ractically 
 failed for Avant of suitable investment. 
 
 The Supreme Court, in the United States v. the Union Pacific Kail- 
 road Company (01 U. S. li., 72) has held that the comi)anies "are not
 
 678 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 required to pay the interest before the maturity of the principal of the 
 bonds." 
 
 The fund, tJicreforc, tluis paid into the Treasury is not api)Hed as in 
 ordinary cases, first to the extinguishment of interest, but is credited 
 to the companies respectively under the provisions of the act of 1878 — 
 one-half of the amount of transportation retained and 5 per cent, of 
 the net earnings to the bond and interest account and the remainder of 
 the 25 per cent, of net earnings to the sinking fund — the ditterence be- 
 ing that that which is credited on the bond and interest account bears 
 no interest, and that which is invested in the sinking fund earns for the 
 company the interest of its investment until the maturity of the bonds, 
 when the whole accumulated fund will be applied toward the payment 
 of the debt. The government has thus a direct interest in seeing that 
 the fund be made fully productive. 
 
 In view of the fact that these companies are being charged with interest 
 on their subsidy bonds at the rate of G per centum per annum, that the 
 investments made by the Secretary of the Treasury yield only about 3i 
 per centum per annum, and at maturity of the bonds the large premiums 
 paid will be entirely lost to the companies, and that a sum now much 
 exceeding $1,000,000, and constantly increasing, remains uninvested by 
 by reason of the limitations of the act — in simple justice to them and in 
 the interest of the government, I deem it my duty to recommend that 
 section 3 of- the act of May 7, 1878, be so amended as to authorize the 
 Secretary of the Treasury to invest the sinking funds in the first mort- 
 gage bonds of the companies or such bonds as have been issued to 
 them by the United States, or in other good and sufficient securities, 
 and to convert the bonds now held by the Treasurer of tlie United States 
 in said sinking funds, into money at the market rates, and reinvest 
 the same in like securities. 
 
 As many doubts have been expressed as to the ability of the com- 
 panies to meet their indebtedness at maturity, and as to the efficiency 
 of the provisions for a sinking fund, I deem it proper to suggest 
 whether it may not be practicable and highly desirable, with the con- 
 sent of the conii)anies, to change the form of their indebtedness from 
 a running book account into a settlement and actual delivery of inter- 
 est-bearing bonds for the amount found to be due on a convenient day, 
 say July 1, 1883, at which time one-half of the interest will have been 
 paid by the United States. Let the ascertained amount be divided 
 into, say, one hundred semi-annual installments, each to be represented 
 by a redemption bond, one payable each six months, together with in- 
 terest upon the whole unpaid remainder of the debt, the lien to remain 
 as it is. 
 
 To aid reflection upon this suggestion, I desire to submit some con- 
 siderations which bear upon it. 
 
 The proportion of "net earnings" required to be paid, under the act 
 of May 7, 1878, is probably as large a proportion of the income of the 
 roads as due regard to their proper maintenance and the interests of 
 the public will permit. It is as well guarded as perhaps any act ccnild 
 be, yet its practical enforcement is not without difficulty. Xot oidy is 
 the constitutionality of the act regarded by t!ie companies as still open, 
 but questions of book-keeping, of expenses, of bfe^ttennents, of new con- 
 struction, of aided and non-aided portions of the road, of through and 
 local traffic and of diverted traffic have all entered into tlie ascertain- 
 ment of what ai-e "the wliole net earnings of the said railroad company 
 as ascertained and defined as hereinbefore provided."
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 679 
 
 Again, the act of March o, 1873, section 2, directs tlie Secretary of 
 the Treasury "to withhold all payments to any railroad company and 
 its assigns on account of freights or transportation over their respect- 
 ive roads, of any kind, to the amount of ])ayments nmde by the United 
 States, for interest u])on bonds of the United States issued to any such 
 companj', and which shall not have been reind)nrse<l, together with live 
 per cent, of net earnings due and unapi)!ied as provided by law." But 
 the same section authorizes any such company to bring suit in the Court 
 of Claims to recover the luicc of such freight and transportation, and 
 directs the issue to be determined upon the merits of the law and facts, 
 with right of appeal to the Supreme Court. 
 
 The several laws touching the security of the advances made by the 
 government in aid of the roads have been fruitful of litigation. 
 
 In United States i\ Kansas Pacific Kailway Company (90 U. S. 11. 
 455) it yas decided that the bonds issued to that company were a lien 
 only on that portion of the company's road in respect to which they 
 were issued, namely, 394 miles, and that only such ])art of the annual 
 net earnings of the road as was due to those miles is subject to the i)ay- 
 ment of the 5 per cent. The same construction has been adopted in 
 other cases, and has been extended to exchide from the operations of 
 the act " net earnings" earned upon non-aided roads or parts of roads 
 operated by the companies. 
 
 What are "net earnings" under the sinking-fund act has been con- 
 tested. The Union Pacific Company 1ms declined to settle on the basis 
 on which this office insists. 
 
 The controversy involves items for new construction and equipment for 
 the three and one-half years ending December 31, 1881, to the amount 
 of $2,381,439.82, 25 per cent of which is claimed to be due the govern- 
 ment and has been included in the payments demanded from the com- 
 pany. The status of the question is as follows : 
 
 In United States v. Union Pacific Railroad Company (99 U. S. K. 
 402) it was held that "net earnings within the meaning of the law are 
 ascertaine<l by deducting from the gross earnings all the ordinary ex- 
 penses of organization and of operating the road, and expenditures 
 made bona Ude in improvements, and paid out of earnings, and not by 
 the issue of bonds or stocks. 
 
 In United States v. Kansas Pacific Railway Company (99 U. S. R. 
 455) the court adheres to the ruling in United States v. Union Pacific 
 Railroad Comi)any {su2)ra, p. 402) as to the principle which sh<mld 
 govern in determining the amount of "net earnings," and si)ecifically 
 rules that in ascertaining net earnings, there should be deducted from 
 gross receipts, provided they were actually i)aid out of the earnings 
 of the road and not raised by bond or stock, the e(pii])ment account, or 
 repl-acing and rebuilding rolling stock, machinery, »S:c., the amounts 
 paid for depot grounds and the expenses of the same, and the constrtic- 
 tion-account or im])rovements and additions to the track, «S:c. 
 
 These cases were instituted in the Court of Claims in 1S77 (13 C. of 
 C. 401), and were decid<'d, ujjou ajjpeals, by tlie Supreme Court at the 
 October term, 187S. Although decided upon the statutes prior to the 
 act of May 7, 1878, the court in the Union J'acilic case (p. 427) refer to 
 that act, but did not pass upon its eli'ect, in ascertaining " net earnings" 
 as therein provided. 
 
 The first section of this act in terms i)rovides "that the net earnings 
 mentioned in the act of 1802, of said railroad companies respectively, 
 shall be ascertained by deducting from the gross amount of their earn- 
 ings respectivelj' the necessary expenses actually paid within the year in
 
 680 PAl'EKrf ACCOMrANYlNG THE 
 
 operating the same and keeping the same in a state of repair, and also the 
 sum paid by them respectively within the year in discharge of interest 
 on their first mortgage bonds whose lien has priority on the lien of the 
 United States." 
 
 This statute has not received judicial coustruction as to the method 
 it prescribes of ascertaining ''net earnings." Dnder these circum- 
 stances, this office has insisted that expenditures for new construction 
 and neio equipment are not ^'■necessary expenses actually paid within the 
 year in operating the same and keeping the same in a state of rejKiir,^^ and 
 has declined to settle upon any basis which deducts such items from the 
 gross receipts, in ascertaining net earnings. 
 
 The Central Pacific, reserving its rights, whatever they may be under 
 the law, has paid without prejudice, 2.5 per cent, of their net earnings 
 as ascertained without such deduction. 
 
 The Union Pacific, insisting upon their right to deduct sucl^ items, 
 have declined to pay the balance claimed to be due from them, viz: 
 $901,837.03, unless they are allowed to deduct from the gross receipts 
 the sum of $2,381,439.83 for new construction and equipment for the 
 three and one-half years heretofore mentioned, the allowance of which 
 would reduce the amount due under the act to 8306,477,07. 
 
 In accordance with the grounds taken by the company, a check for 
 the balance, shown by their statement to be due to the United States 
 on December 31, 1880, amounting to $09,358.83, was deposited in the 
 subtreasury at Boston, Mass., on July 20, 1881. This office felt wai'- 
 ranted, from its construction of the act of May 7, 1878, in advising the 
 Treasury Department not to accept this amount as payment in full of 
 all demands to December 31, 1880, in consequence of which the amount 
 has not been covered into the Treasury, and no further payment has 
 been made or tendered by the company. The question remains open, 
 but it has been agreed to request the Secretary of the Interior to submit 
 the matter to the Attorney-General for his opinion, before whom it will 
 be fuUj' presented as soon as practicable. 
 
 The constitutionality of the act of May 7, 1878, was contested by both 
 companies upon grounds of legislative power to demand from the com- 
 panies any larger annual payment than that required by the charter 
 acts of 1862 and 1804. The act was sustained by a divided court, four 
 of the justices, by whom the case was heard, holding the act to be 
 within the legislative power, and three joining in a dissenting opinion. 
 (Sulking fund cases, 99 U. S. R., 700.) 
 
 Should the present sinking-fund method be continued, we may venture 
 upon an approximation of its results as follows : 
 
 CENTRAL, PACIFIC RAILROAD, 
 
 Principal Slim of bonds advanced §27, 855, 680 GO 
 
 Thirty years' interest, at 6 percent 50, 140, 'J24 00 
 
 Total 77,995,904 00 
 
 Deduct transportation, &c., approximately, in round num- 
 bers, first tifteeu years ". §6,000,000 
 
 Deduct transportation, &c., approximately, in round num- 
 bers, last titt«en years, at present rates 13,500,000 
 
 By accumulation of sinking fund for the next fifteen years, 
 estimated at $500,000 per annum, together with amount 
 
 already in sinking fund, at 3 per cent, per annum 12, ,500, 000 
 
 32, 000, 000 00 
 
 Balance due United States at maturity of bonds 45, 995, 904 00
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 681 
 
 VXIOX PACIFIC UAILWAY. 
 
 Principal of bonds advanced *$-27, ^:{(i, 'A-2 (Xi 
 
 Til iity years' interest, at 6 per cent -19, 0'jr>. 121 GO 
 
 Total 7U,-20v>,v>33 GO 
 
 Df'duct transportation, &c., approximately, in round num- 
 bers, for first fifteen years ' $1:2, 000, 000 
 
 Deduct transportation, &e., approximately, in round num- 
 bers, for last fifteen years, at the present rate 16, r>00, DdJ 
 
 13y accumulation of sinking fund for the next fifteen years, 
 estimated at »9U0,0tl0 per annum, together with amount 
 
 aheadv in sinking fund, at 3 per cent, jjer amium 2"J, 500, OUO 
 
 51,000,000 Of) 
 
 Balance due United States at maturity of bonds ii5, 2<i2, 233 GO 
 
 It is manifest that when the bonds mature, at the close of the present 
 century, the present sinkin^i" fund will not be sufficient to meet them, 
 and if left to be dealt with then as a mere book account, with the risk 
 of possible diminution of income from tljc rajndly increasing;' competi- 
 tion which they must surely eiu'ountcr, adjustment may then be more 
 diilicult and embarrassin.^' than now. 
 
 The balance unpaid at maturity will be, as nearly as can now be es- 
 timated, from the Central Pacific, sav, 84r.,O()0.0()0, and from the Union 
 Pacific, say, $L'5,000,000 ; an agjiregate of 871,000,000. 
 
 If the debt were extended for fifty years, even at present government 
 interest of 3 per cent, per annum, it would require annual payments 
 from the Central Company at first of about $2,LJ0O,00O, running down 
 at the end to about $947,000, and from the Union Company at first 
 about $1,250,000, running down to about >;jl.j,000. 
 
 These amounts are api)roxiinations only and would vary somewhat 
 upon close calculation of the value of the debt at any given time and 
 ui)on proper commutation of the interest. 
 
 It is respectfully submitted that it is worthy of careful consideration 
 whetlier it would not be wisest and best for Congress now to commute 
 the jnesent mode of payment into one of fixed amounts not deitciident 
 upon the fiuctuations of net earnings or the (contingencies of competi- 
 tion, which might cause net earnings to (iisap])car. 
 
 The Union Pacific and Central Pacific roads and their connections 
 are much the most imjiortant railroads with which the governnuMit has 
 to do. It is of the highe«t importance to devise the best nu-rhod of 
 securing to the governnuMit the certain reimbursement of its advances, 
 with due regard to the rights and interests of the company, the govern- 
 ment, and the peoi>]e so largely dei)ondeiit upon their pioi)er maintenance. 
 In this connection, the original i)uri)Oses of the. government in aiding 
 their construction, and which are of no less imi)ortance now than then, 
 should have due weight. 
 
 The necessities under which they oi'iginated, and which are so ably 
 expressed by Justice Davis in delivering tin? opinion of the com t in 
 United States vs. Union Pacific Kailroatl (1>1 U. S. R., 70), may l)e re- 
 called with profit. lie says: 
 
 Many of the provisions in the original act of IdO'i are outside of the usual coui-se of 
 legislative action concerning grants to railroads, and i-anijot be prupi-rly construed 
 witlunit refireuce to the rircuiust.inces which existfd wln-n it was pa.-sed. The war 
 of the reb llion was in progress, mid owing to com])licalions with England, tlnM(Miu- 
 try had become alarmed fur llie safety of our Pacific possessions. 
 
 The enterprise was viewed ;isa national undertaking for a national p»irj)ose, antl tho 
 public mind was dirt^cted to tlie end in vi'-w rather than to tlie particular meanw for 
 aeouring it. Although the road was a military uucu^udty, there were other reasons
 
 682 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 active at tbo time in prodiiciiiK au oi»iiiioii for its completion l)«-sifl<!8 tlio protec- 
 tion of an exposed frontier; linire wan a vast nnpc^oplcd territory ]yin<x between 
 the MiHsonri and Sacramento Rivers wliieli was practically wortlilesN without the 
 facilities afforded by a railroad for the transportation of persons and i)roperty. With 
 its construction the agricultural and miueral resources of this territory could be de- 
 veloped, settlements made where settlements were possible, and thctreby the wealth 
 and power of the United States largely increased ; and there was also the pressing 
 want, in time of peace even, of an improved and cheaper method for the transporta- 
 tion of the mails and of supi)lies for the Army and the Indians. 
 
 It was in presence of these facts that Congress undfertook to deal with the subject 
 of this railroad. The difficulties in the way of building it were great and by many 
 intelligent persons considered insurmountable. 
 
 The scheme for building a railroad two thousand miles in length, across mountains, 
 overdeserts, and through a country inhabited by Indians, jealous of intrusion upon their 
 rights, was universally regai'ded at the time as a bold and hazardous undertaking. It is 
 nothing to the purpose that the apprehended difficulties in a great measure disap- 
 peared after trial, and that the road was constructed .at less cost of time and money 
 than had been considered possible. No argument can be flrawn from the wisdom 
 that comes after the fact. 
 
 The project of building the road was not conceived for private ends, and the prev- 
 alent opinion was that it could not be worked out by private capital alone. It was 
 a national work, originating in national necessities, and requiring national assistance. 
 
 The primary object of the government was to advance its own interests, and it en- 
 deavored to engage individual co-operation as a means to an end — the securing a road 
 which could be i>sed for its owti puri^oses. 
 
 The puri^oses of Congress in granting the liberal aid extended to these 
 companies, so forcibly expressed by Justice Davis, were held to be im- 
 portant elements in arriving at the true construction of their charters, 
 and are not now to be overlooked in considering their present relations 
 to the government. All these purposes have been much more than real- 
 ized, and it has been frequently and officially stated that the actual sav- 
 ing, year by year, to the government greatly exceeds the whole annual 
 interest paid. 
 
 But whatever weight these considerations should have in guiding 
 the discretion of Congress, and however much the government and the 
 country are indebted, as they are, to the vigor and enterprise of the 
 men by whose energy, skill, and perseverance this great national and 
 pioneer work was consummated, this office can take no other cognizance 
 of their affairs than in the simple light of debtor and creditor. And it 
 is in this light only, and with a view to devise the best possible security 
 for the advances made by the government, that I have ventured to make 
 the suggestions: 
 
 First. That if the sinking fund is to be continued, the discretion of 
 the Secretary of the Treasury should be enlarged as to the investment 
 of the fund. 
 
 Second. That Congress consider the practicability of commuting the 
 present book-account indebtedness for securities having the same lieu 
 and of fixed amount and payable at fixed periods. 
 
 RAILROAD RATES. 
 
 The adjustment of railroad rates is one of the most difficult and del- 
 icate questions of modern times, and it is specially complicated in the 
 United States, where every trunk line runs through several States, 
 each independent within its own jurisdiction and jealous of all interfer- 
 ence by the general government. The enormous extent of this interest 
 and the rapidity of its growth, both in the increase of mileage and ton- 
 nagii, demands that its relations to the public shall be under some judi- 
 cious legal control. What it shall be and to what extent, are questions 
 upon which the most experienced experts differ, and as to which there 
 is much liopular misapprehension.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 683 
 
 It is estimated by I\[r. Ileniy V. Poor that tbcre are now in the United 
 States notless than 101,8]3 niihi'S of railroad, which, at tlie h>w estimate 
 of §l'5,0()0 per mile, has cost over $2,(500,000,000. They have trans- 
 ])orted within the last year ;55O,O00,00O tons, of an estinmted vahie of 
 $12,000,000,000. Their gross receipts were 8725,325,110. They p:iid 
 for wajies and material 8440,565,071; for interest on funded debts, 
 8128,887,002; for dividends, 893,344,200. They employed in operating 
 the roads 1,200,000 persons, besides 400,000 in construction, or a total 
 of 1,000,000 employes, or about one thirtj'-second part of our popula- 
 tion, estimated at 53,200,000. 
 
 Interests so vast and so necessarily and vitally bound up in the pros-. 
 perity of the people, can oidy be dealt with with the utmost caution 
 and ui)on the fullest information. 
 
 As mere mechanical devices, railroads and their equijiments maybe 
 regarded as well perfected, but in their relations to business they are 
 still in their infancy, passing through formative discipline and experi- 
 ment, and slowly but surely approaching a solution of the dillicult 
 questions which surround them. 
 
 Hates and discriminations are not entirely within the arbitrary deter- 
 mination of railroad companies. They are subject to comi)etitions 
 which they cannot control, upon the ocean, upon the lakes, and upon 
 the rivers. There is scarcely a center of business in the country, af- 
 fording any considerable freights, where they are not fiercely contended 
 for upon all available national highways, as well as by canals and com- 
 ]>eting roads, with the necessary result of practically reducing all com- 
 jjcting rates to the level of the lowest. 
 
 The great lakes and rivers so peculiarly and advantageously located as 
 to trade, with their numerous, far-reaching, and widely extended navi- 
 gable tributaries, carry water competition into almost every portion of 
 the country, with the eftect of so reducing the general rates that the 
 United States enjoys the cheapest railroad transportation in the world. 
 
 The experience of all railroads is that reduction in rates comes grad- 
 ually bnt surely from increased trallic and production. The laws of 
 trade must ultimately ])revail in the management of railroads as in all 
 other widely-extended business ; but as yet no just basis of general ap- 
 plicution tbr the adjustment of rates and discriminations has been tbund, 
 and it is undenia])lethat there are hardships neither few nor small aris- 
 ing from existing «(liscriminati()ns, often arbitrarily imposed, which af- 
 fect disastrously local trade atnon-com])eting points. There is a grow- 
 ing and clamorous demand among the people that railroad management 
 shall be subjected to the restraints of law, nor is railroad management 
 adverse to reasonable control. On the contrary, as 1 believe, a judi- 
 cious law would i>e most a(;ceptable. 
 
 It has beconu; a necessity that " wars" of rates shall be controlled in 
 the interests of both the ]»eople and the roads. Tlu'y usually, in the 
 ardor of competition, spring from sellish conllict of interests, and often 
 from breach of faith, which no (existing law can control, and are not in- 
 freijuently connecteil with stock-jobbing speculations. They lucak out 
 suddenly without warning, and riige with violenc*' for a time, with rates 
 reduced far below the cost of transportation, and eeaseas suddenly, with 
 l)romi)t restoration of rates. Such " wars" for the time unsettle, witli- 
 in their operation, commercial values, atlbrding sudden and unreason- 
 able i)ro(its to a few and entailing heavy losses u])on others. 
 
 Kailway commissioners have been appointed in twenty-one States, 
 as per reports for 1881, as follows: 
 
 Alabama, three commissioners, paid by railroads.
 
 684 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING TIJE 
 
 California, i\lr^^v commissioners, paid by State. 
 
 Connecticut, three commissioners, paid by railroads. 
 
 Ceorgia, three commissioners, paid by State. 
 
 Illinois, three commissioners, ])aid by State. 
 
 Iowa, three commissioners, i)aid by railroads. 
 
 Kentucky, three commissioners, paid by State. 
 
 Maine, three commissioners, paid by State. 
 
 ]\Iassachusetts, three commissioners, ])aid by railroads. 
 
 Mi<;higan, one commissioner, i)aid by State. 
 
 3Iinnesota, one commissioner, paid by State. 
 
 ]NJissouri, three commissioners, ])aid by State. 
 
 Xew Hampshire, three commissioners, i^aid by State. 
 
 Ohio, one commissioner, paid by State. 
 
 liliode Island, one commissioner, paid by State. 
 
 South Carolina, one commissioner, paid by railroads. 
 
 Vermont, one commissioner, paid by railroads. 
 
 Vir<;inia, one commissioner, paid by railroads. 
 
 Wisconsin, one commissioner, paid by State. 
 
 Texas, one railway inspector. 
 
 Xew York will have three commissioners in 1883. 
 
 The general scope of the laAvs under which these commissioners are 
 appointed is to control railroads within the State, and they exercise, 
 iu many instances, a healthful influence over railroad management. 
 But railroad transportation, strictly confined within State jurisdiction, 
 is so limitednhat it leaves the real ditiiculties unsolved and nearly un- 
 affected. It cannot be said that State laws have been successful iu 
 dealing- with the subject. 
 
 Their limited jurisdiction involves conflicts with both the general 
 government and their sister States. Diverse decisions have been ren- 
 dered by the highest judicial tribunals of neighboring States upon State 
 laws of like import aiid purpose. 
 
 The su]ireme court of Iowa, in Carlton & Co. m. Elinois Central Eail- 
 w^ay Company (see Eailway Age for July 20, 1882, p. 397), decided Feb- 
 ruary 12, 1882, that ''a railroad company has the right, as a common 
 carrier, to make its own contracts and disregard any laws of a State 
 which seek to regulate shipments to parts be^'ond the limits of the 
 State, such laws being repugnant to the Federal Constitution." 
 
 The sui>reme court of Illinois, in The People vs. T4ie Wabash, Saint 
 Louis and Pacific Pailway Company (see Bailway Age for October .5, 
 1882, p. 551), decided September 28, 1882, that "while the act of the 
 Illinois legislature of May 2, 1873, to prevent unjust discrimination in 
 the rates of charges of railway companies may alifect commerce, it can- 
 not be said to be a law regulating commerce among the several States 
 within the meaning of the Federal Constitution.*' 
 
 Like diversity is found in the decisions of other States, but the con- 
 flicting views are well discussed iu the cases cited. 
 
 If the Supreme Court of the United States should concur with the 
 supreme court of Illinois, then each State and all States would be at 
 liberty, in the absence of Federal law, to enact regulations each for 
 itself, with absolute certainty of conflict of laws, and with uncertain 
 extra State authority difficult if not in>possible to define, and leading 
 to vexatious litigation, in which the pride of State rights ma^' be arrayed 
 to counteract adverse decisit)ns with new legislation. 
 
 If they should concur witli the supreme court of Iowa, then it is a 
 matter of exclusive Federal jurisdiction, and only Congress could legis- 
 late upon the subject with any effect bey oud State lines.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR, 685 
 
 The iK)werof Congress over the whole subject can hardly be questioned. 
 
 The supreme court of Illinois concedes it, and the decisions of the 
 Sni)reme Court of the I'nited States seem'to render it indisputable. 
 
 Ill Hall vs. De Cuir (95 U. S. K.,488), Chief Justice Waite, in a full dis- 
 cussion of the subject, and citing many authorities, says: 
 
 Wf think it may Hafely ha said that the State lefjislation which sooks to impose a 
 • iiit'ct Imiden upon inter-State commerce, or to interfere directlj" with its freedom, 
 does encroach npon the exclusive power of Congress. 
 
 Justice Clifford, delivering a concurring opinion (p. 491), says: 
 
 Power to regulate comnierco is by the Constitution rested in Congress ; and it is 
 well-settled law that the word " commerce," a.s used in the Constitution, comprehends 
 navigation, which extends to every species of commercial intercourse between the 
 United States and foreign nations, and to all commerce with the several States, ex- 
 cept such a-s is completely internal, and which does not extend to or affect the other 
 States. ' 
 
 The universal use and absolute dependence of all inter-State commerce 
 ui)on railroads, give constant rise to new questions under new conditions, 
 which only experience can properly solve. It would seem that true wis- 
 <loni would hasten slowly in dealing with this great problem, seeking the 
 fullest information as the only true basis for wise legislation. The solu- 
 tion must lie in the just apjdication of the laws of trade and commerce, 
 with such authoritative reguhition by law as will hohl abuses in check, 
 and this power can be derived only from Federal law of universal appli- 
 cation. I have felt it to be my duty to call attention to this subject, 
 although I have not thought it appropriate to discuss the question in 
 detail. 
 
 Any law not based upon full information might work great injustice 
 to the companies and be inadequate to the i>roper ])rotection of the 
 people. Experience has shown that uni-easonable laws cannot be en- 
 forced, and in many instances luive worked such great end)arrassment 
 to transportation as to become inoperative by common consent. 3Iany 
 mich laws hastily enacted have been (juickly reiu'aled. 
 
 I therefore rcs])ectfully recommend that a commission be appointed 
 to take into consideration the whole question, and report to Congress 
 the facts necessary Jbr intelligent and efficient action upon the subject. 
 
 UNIFOlOnXY IX RAILWAY SIGNAI.S. 
 
 The unnecessary and dangerous dissimilarity of railway signals in 
 this country is a subject for grave consideratitn, atf(>cting so largely, as 
 it does, the safety of life and property. A table furnislied this oHiee, 
 and believed to be reliabh' (a ('t)\)y of Avhich is .sul)iiiitt('«l as api)endix 
 !>), indicates that, with the <'Xception of the signal for l)acking, consist- 
 ing of three short whistles, on 198 roads in this country, there is tio 
 signal inusehavijig the same meaning on all roads, while no less thati 
 forty different meanings are conveyed by several signals. About 9(> 
 percent, of the roads use one whistle for a|)|>lyingthe brakes, and about 
 the same proportion use two short whistles for releasing brakes, while 
 on others these sounds have exactly the ojiposite nu'auing. 
 
 The signals for road crossings, sending out llagmen, recalling flag- 
 men, calling for switchmen, calling attention t<i llag on engine and to 
 railroad crossings, <lenoting that train has i>arted. calling for fuel, cK:c., 
 ditfer widely; in fact the code is based solely on the arbitrary det<'rmi- 
 nation of the officers of each road. It is evident that not only incon- 
 venience and <lelay may result, bat that tln^ actual »langer of loss ol' 
 life and property is greatly and unnecessarily increased by this "vvide
 
 686 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 diversity of signals, and many accidents have been directly attributable 
 to it. Tbe fact that American railway men are nomadic in their habits 
 and frequently change from one road to another, is an additional rea- 
 son why a uniform system of signals should be enforced by law if not 
 voluntarily adopted. During the inspections of this year, officers of 
 this bureau have conferred with the superintendents, train dispatchers, 
 and trainmen of a number of roads, and it was conceded without dis- 
 sent that a uniform system of train signals should be enforced, api)li- 
 cablo to all roads. I have reason to believe that most if not all the 
 railroad companies would co-operate in securing such uniformity and 
 would regard a law to that effect with much favor, and I commend the 
 subject to favorable consideration. 
 
 LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES AFFECTING RAILROADS AND TELE- 
 GRAPHS. 
 
 So frequent reference is made to the laws of the United States relat- 
 ing to railroad and telegraph companies, that I have deemed it expedi- 
 ent to reprint the same and add subsequent enactments, with some laws 
 heretofore omitted, to be included as a part of this report. 
 
 A pamphlet is now in course of preparation which Avill contain a full 
 list of all the railroads aided by a loan of credit or a grant of public 
 lands, with a reference to all laws, decisions of the Attorney-General, 
 Court of Claims, and Supreme Court of the United States relating to 
 the railroads coming within the jurisdiction of this office. Also, the ter- 
 mini of roads aided, name of comjiany now operating the same, and regu- 
 lations as to rates of compensation for government transportation. It 
 is thought that such a condensed compilation will be of interest and 
 convenience to all the departments" of the government having business 
 relations with the companies. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION SERVICE. 
 
 The matter of the settlement of accounts for transportation service 
 performed by the subsidized railroad companies foi»the government has 
 been a vexed one, embarrassing alike to the government and the com- 
 panies. 
 
 Service has been performed by the several roads aggregating, Decem- 
 ber 31, 1S81, the sum of 825,363,7()3.(>8, as represented by their books 
 and statements rendered to this office. Of this amount $4,295,187.98 
 had been paid to them prior to the act of 1873. There has been cov- 
 ered into the Treasury, for services performed by the several companies 
 to December 31, 1881, the sum of $14,707,880.34 to the credit of the 
 bond and interest account, and $2,273,759.02 to the credit of the sink- 
 ing fund. Assuming the figures returned b\' the companies to be cor- 
 rect, there remain accounts "unacted upon" amounting to $4,026,870.34. 
 Of this large amount the several bills contain items which are in dis- 
 pute between the companies and different departments of the govei-n- 
 ment. ]Many of them arise from changes in the tariff' rates and classi- 
 fications, and some from clerical errors, but the aggregate amount of 
 all the disputed items is very small as compared with the total amount 
 of the suspended bills. 
 
 The following statement, ju'epared from data at the Treasury Depart- 
 ment, shows the amount in dispute forpassenger and freight transporta- 
 tion to December 31, 1881 :
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 687 
 
 Koad. 
 
 Central 'Pacific 
 
 TJnion Pacific 
 
 Sioux City & Pacific 
 
 Central Bi-anch Union Pacific. 
 Kansas Pacific 
 
 Total 
 
 Errors. 
 
 $6, 746 29 
 41, 805 39 
 
 11, 244 47 
 
 50, 796 15 
 
 DiBallow- 
 ance. 
 
 Deduction. 
 
 $16, 437 19 
 
 49, 300 74 
 
 20 76 
 
 22« 32 
 
 11, 382 85 
 
 $7, 657 33 
 
 20,352 89 
 
 «.'j1 88 
 
 6t7 (19 
 
 14,608 16 
 
 77, 357 86 
 
 53,117 35 
 
 Total. 
 
 $.W, 830 n 
 
 120, 4.'9 i'2 
 
 (<72 04 
 
 873 41 
 
 37, 235 43 
 
 190, 272 36 
 
 Upon representations made by this office, in connection with the ac- 
 counting departments, the companies have recently adopted a better 
 and i)ractically uniform system ol" rendering their accounts, wliich lias 
 much facilitated settlements and whi(;h ■will jiiobably prevent ac(;uniu- 
 lations of unadjusted accounts in the future. I am informed that the 
 accounting departments are making all i)racticable eflbrts to adjust the 
 deferred accounts as soon as i>ossible. Efforts have also been made to 
 secure the adoption by all the de})artments having occasion for trans- 
 ])ortation u])on the subsidized roads of a uniform form of "request lor 
 passenger transi)ortation," which it is believed will ])revent many incon- 
 veniences to which the companies and the accounting de])artiiM'nts are 
 subjected by reason of the different forms now in use. It is probable 
 that such uniform system will soon be adopted. 
 
 CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 The property and accounts of this company have been carefully ex- 
 amined ; they exhibit a marked improvement in the entire plant and a 
 decided increase of business. 
 
 The total length of roads operated by the company on June 30, 1882, 
 was 3,030.35 miles, of which 1,204.5 miles are owned, being the same as 
 iu the previous year, and 1,831.35 miles are leased, being an increase 
 of 314.1 miles. Of the 1,204.5 miles owned, land was granted to aid in 
 the construction of 1,012.47 miles, of which 800.60 miles w^ere subsidized 
 with bonds in addition to the lands. 
 
 At the close of the year ending June 30, 1882, there were 838 bridges, 
 aggregating a length of 100,425 feet; 2,219 open, box, and arch cul- 
 verts, aggregating 8,910 feet; and 17 tunuels, aggregating 8,102 feet, 
 the longest of which is 1,059 feet. There is a decided improvement in 
 the track, bridges, and buildings. Steel rails are being laid to replace 
 iron. At the beginning of this year there remained only 300 miles of 
 iron rails, of which lOG miles have since been relaid with steel. The 
 company has contracted for 30,000 tons of steel rails this year: 10,000 
 tons of the Troy Works, 10,000 tons of the Lackawanna Iron and Coal 
 Company, and 10,000 tons of English manufacturers. American steel 
 rails have cost the company this year an average of $57 i)er ton deliv- 
 ered on cars at the manufacturers works. English rails have cost, de- 
 livered on the wharf at San Francisco, with duties added, $03 per ton. 
 
 There is, in the main line, an average of 2,040 cross-ties to the mile. 
 The road is a.t present in excellent condition for safety and Ijusincss. 
 The intention is, however, fre(piently expressed to replace all wooden 
 bridges and culverts with iron and stone, to reduce the curvature and 
 grades where necessary, and to extend and deei)en the ballast and bring 
 the road, as rapidly as possible, to the highest standard of excellence. 
 There are some 35 miles of snow-sheds, including a 1,000- feet tunnel 
 through the summit of the Sierras west of Truckee. They are con-
 
 688 PAPERS ACCOMPANyiNG THE 
 
 structcd of heavy timljcrs on accoinit of the very great weight of snow 
 which soiuetiTnes falls, and to afford adequate protection against the 
 avahmches which soinetiiiies rush (k)wn tlie mountains in winter. They 
 have cost an average of about 820,000 per mile and are very expensive 
 to maintain. An admirable system of signals by telegrai)h and tele- 
 phone has been devised for nse in case of fire. Three locomotives, with 
 several hundred ieet of hese and fire-eugine attachments, are kept con- 
 stantly fired up, to each of which is attached three water cars, with a 
 capacity of 10,000 gallons each; these are conveniently stationed in the 
 sheds, ready for instant vise. 
 
 Among tiie noticeable improvements made on the main line is a com- 
 modious passenger depot at the Oakland Pier, in the bay of San Fran- 
 cisco. This pier is of rock and earth-work, extending into the bay more 
 than one and a quarter miles, and upon which are four parallel tracks. 
 The building has a total length of 1,050 feet, covering an area of four 
 acres, and has ten tracks running through its entire length. At the 
 present time there are 128 passenger trains running in and out daily. 
 The building has all modern imjjrovements, and is so constructed as to 
 receive passengers from the ferry-boats fiom both the upper and lower 
 decks at the same time, and is admirably adapted for handling expe- 
 ditiously an immense passenger traffic. 
 
 The steamer Solano, which is the largest of its kind in the world, is 
 used for transferring passenger and freight cars and engines across the 
 straits of Carquenez, between Benicia and Port Casta, near San Fran- 
 cisco. Its dimensions are as follows: Length over all, 424 feet; length 
 on bottom, 406 feet; height at sides, 18 feet o inches; at ends, from bot- 
 tom of boat, 15 feet 10 inches ; molded beam, <J4 feet; extreme width over 
 guards, 116 feet ; camber, or reverse sheer of deck, 2 feet 6 inches ; 
 draught, light, 5 feet ; loaded, 6 feet 6 inches ; registered tonnage, 
 3,541.31 tons. The aprons connecting the boat with the slips at Benicia 
 and Port Costa are each 100 feet long, with four tracks, so arranged that 
 freight and passenger trains are run aboard without uncoupling from 
 the locomotive. The aprons weigh, each, 150 tons, and are worked by 
 a combination of pontoons and counter- weights by hydraulic power. 
 Forty-eight freight cars, or 24 passenger cars and two engines, can be 
 transferred at one time. 
 
 The principal shops of the company are located at Sacramento, and 
 are very extensive and complete. They have facilities for making all 
 that is required for repairing and building all kinds of rolling stock, 
 and for the maintenance of the track, bridges, and buildings. Car 
 wheels are made at the rate of 40 ])er day, but do not supply the de- 
 mand. The shops are equipped with the best machinery, and the prem- 
 ises are kept in neat and tasteful order. Efficient lire apparatus is also 
 provided. 
 
 The equipment of the road is very good, consisting of 236 locomo- 
 tives, of which 92 have the Westinghouse air-brake attachment; 322 pas- 
 senger cars; 4,665 freight cars; 486 hand and push cars for track-men, 
 and 187 miscellaneous cars, all of which are owned by tlie company. 
 In addition to the above the company leases 177 locomotives, of which 
 57 have the Westinghouse air-brake attachment; 141 passenger cars ; 
 3,536 freight cars; 509 hand and push cars for track service, and 5 wreck- 
 ing cars. The increase in rolling stock during the fiscal year has been : 
 88 locomotives, 47 passenger cars, 1,621 freight cars, 99 hand and push 
 cars, and 21 miscellaneous cars. 
 
 During the year ending June 30, 1882, there were accidents on the 
 road resulting in the death or injury of 500 persons, classified as follows :
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 689 
 
 4 passengers, 31 employes, and 39 other persons were killed on account 
 of their own careles«ness, and 4 employes from causes beyond their 
 own control, niakiii;;- a total of 78 killed ; 42 passen,<xers, 2-14: employes, 
 and 81 other persons were injured on account of tlieir own careless- 
 ness; 7 passenjjers, 45 employes, and 3 other persons were injured from 
 causes beyond their control, making the total number of injured 422. I 
 desire to express much satisfaction with the fidl and able reports ma4e 
 to this office, from which the foregoing figures were taken. 
 
 The Central Pacific liailroad Comi)any has leased and operates the 
 Southern Pacific Kailroad of California from Huron to the Colorado 
 Biver, at Yuma, and the Southern Pacific Railroad of Arizona and Xew 
 Mexico, from Yuma to El Paso, Tex., via Deming, X. Mex. 
 
 This road is laid with 50-pound steel rails and from 2,400 to 2,640 
 cross-ties per mile. The new road from El Paso to Deming, a distance 
 of 88 miles, was found to be in good condition, the track being well 
 ballasted with broken limestone. The bridge across the Eio Grande, 
 about 4 miles west of El Paso, is cased with boards covered with gal- 
 vanized iron. The road from Deming to San Francisco was found to be 
 in good and imi^roved condition. With the exception of a few miles 
 west from Deming, where the country is well adai)ted to stock-raising, 
 the road runs for a distance of about GOO miles through a desolate and 
 barren region, in some portions of which there is no sign whate-ser of 
 animal or vegetable life. 
 
 Crossing the " okl ocean bed," from Flowing Wells to Indio, for 60 
 miles, in the midst of the Colorado desert, the track is at some places 
 266 feet below the level of the sea. The great, and, up to the present time, 
 unsatisfied want of this part of the country is water. Artesian wells 
 have been sunk hundreds of feet in many places without satisfactory* 
 results. At one place, between San Simon and Tucson, the company 
 carries water in tanks on flat cars a distance of 125 miles, for use on 
 engines. 
 
 The buildings along the line through Kcw Mexico and Arizona are 
 constructed with special reference to the comfort and health of the 
 employes, who arc necessarily exposed to the extreme heat and long 
 droughts common to that section of the country. All buildings tor oc- 
 cupancy are constructed with a double roof, with a space of about two 
 feet intervening, admitting a free circulation of air and renth-iing the 
 building several degrees cooler than it would otherwise be. 
 
 One spe("ially interesting feature noticed in New Mexico and Arizona 
 was the "bunk-houses," wliieli Innl been built for the comfort and con 
 venience of tlie employes of the company, and each of which is in- 
 tended to accommodate about 50 men. They are, like the majority of 
 the buildings on this line, double-roofed, spaeious.and airy, usually built 
 in the form of three sides of a square, with a pleasant inner court 
 planted with trees and flowers, and generally ornamented by a refresh- 
 ing fountain in the center. The doors and windows open ojjposite each 
 other, giving a free and nninterrupt(>d circulation of air. Sotnc of the 
 bouses have a library, billiard table, and bath-room. ICngineers and 
 firemen are the i)rincii)al occupants, although all trainmen are at liberty 
 to use the rooms free of charge. Sneh sjiecial and nniisiial provision 
 for the health ami eond'ort of the emi»loyt''s is found to be necessary to 
 secure the permanent adherence of valuable emi)l()yes in a climate so 
 enervating and a count rv so desolate. 
 
 Passing west from ^■^ma on the California ]iortion of the road, there 
 is no water-station until arriving at Walters, iui> miles from Yuma. At 
 this point some irrigation is being done, and from there northwaixl the 
 44 Ab
 
 690 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 couutry presents a decided and pleasing improvement. At Newhall, 
 453 miles south of San Francisco, oil wells have been developed which 
 produce oil ('laini«;d to be etjual \m quality to that of the Pennsylvania 
 wells. From five to fifteen cars are daily shipped. Tliis discovery is 
 fortunate and is likely to be of great value to the com])any. 
 
 The road from Tehachipa Summit to Caliente, a distance of 23 miles, 
 has a descent of ii,700 feet, or about 116 feet to the mile, with curves 
 of about ten degrees. The engineering difficulties were of great mag- 
 nitude. Within this distance the roadi)asscs through seventeen tunnels, 
 one of which is directly underits own track, thusforming what is known 
 as tlie " loop." Froni one point the road can be seen in eight diiferent 
 places. The track has been well constructed as to grades, curvatures, 
 and materials used. It is carefully watched and well maintained. A 
 special engine was constructed in the works at Sacramento, Avith par- 
 ticidar reference to the necessities of this difficult section. It is said to 
 be the largest engine in the country. It is twelve-wheeled (eight driving 
 and four tru(;k), and weighs, in working order, 123,000 pounds, or 01^ 
 tons. The tender, in working order, weighs 03,000 i)ouuds, or 31 J tons, 
 aggregating the enormous weight of 93 tons. It will haul up, over this 
 section, fourteen loaded cars of 20 tons each. 
 
 The following statements have been carefully prepared from the books 
 and accounts of this company and from reports rendered to this office: 
 
 Staieuient showing the earnings and expenses of the Central Pacific Eailroad Company for 
 the fiscal years ending June 30, 1881 and 1882. 
 
 Tear ending 
 June 30, 1882. 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30, 1881. 
 
 Difference. 
 
 Increase or 
 decrease. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent. 
 
 EARNINGS. 
 
 Passenger 
 
 Freight 
 
 Mail 
 
 Express 
 
 Miscellaueoiis 
 
 Total 
 
 EXl'ENSES. 
 
 Conducting transportation .. 
 
 Main ten ance of w ay 
 
 Motive power 
 
 Maintenance of cars 
 
 General expenses 
 
 Tola! 
 
 I\>t earnings 
 
 Average miles operated 
 
 Gross earnings per mile 
 
 Operating expenses -per mile 
 
 Net earnings per mile 
 
 $7,151,283 71 
 
 16, 563, 043 85 
 
 450, 018 17 
 
 334, 480 72 
 
 861, 310 66 
 
 $6, 188, 388 56 
 
 15, 216, 554 65 
 
 463, 861 27 
 
 289. 506 17 
 
 735, 033 92 
 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 Decrease. 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 
 $962, 895 15 
 
 1, 346, 489 20 
 
 13,843 10 
 
 44, 974 55 
 
 126, 285 74 
 
 25, 360, 146 11 
 
 22, 893, 344 57 
 
 Increase . . 
 
 2, 466, 801 54 
 
 2, 681, 968 37 
 2, 755, 593 17 
 4,067,376 10 
 800, 669 24 
 5, 676, 804 86 
 
 2, 351, 468 68 
 2, 226, 568 95 
 3, 133, 352 21 
 668, 307 89 
 5, 122, 806 75 
 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 
 330, 499 69 
 529, 024 22 
 934, 023 89 
 192, 361 35 
 553, 998 11 
 
 16, 042, 411 74 
 
 13, 502, 504 48 Increase 
 
 9, 317, 734 37 9, 390, 840 09 
 
 2, 806. 66 
 
 2, 614. 29 
 
 8, 846 58 
 5, 596 20 
 
 , 539, 907 26 
 
 Decrease.. 73,105 72 
 
 Increase . . 
 
 252. 37 
 
 8, 7.57 00 Increase . 
 5, 164 88 Increase . 
 
 89 58 
 431 32 
 
 3, 250 38 
 
 3,^92 12 I Decrease. . 
 
 341 74 
 
 15.56 
 
 8.85 
 
 .30 
 
 1.55 
 
 17.18 
 
 10.77 
 
 14.07 
 23.76 
 29.80 
 2a 78 
 10.81 
 
 18.81 
 
 .78 
 
 .10 
 8.35 
 
 9.51 
 
 It will be observed that while the earnings of the road have increased 
 nearly two and one-half millions, the expenses have increased a little 
 over that amount, showing a slight decrease for the year in the net 
 earnings. A large portion of this increase in expenses is due to the
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 691 
 
 improvement of the track, bridges, and buildings, and to the substitu- 
 tion of steel rails for iron, all of which has been charged to operating 
 expenses. There is a decided increase also in the expense of motive 
 power and in the niaintcnaiicc of cars. Although operating over 3,000 
 miles of road, the conijiany has thus far been unsuccessful in discovering 
 coal at or near any point on the line. Coal is i)rocured from the Union 
 Pacific Kailroad, from Pennsylvania, and from Australia, at prices 
 ranging from $7.15 to $13 per ton. AVithin the i>ast year coal mines 
 have been purch^iscd and opened in Washington Territory, from which 
 coal is shipped at Tacoma in vessels for (lelivery at San Francisco, 
 Sacramento, and other points accessible by sea. It is expected that the 
 cost of fuel will be thereby greatly reduced. The "perforuuince sheets" 
 returiu'd to this ollicci show that the cost i)er mile run of locomotives 
 on some divisions is thirty cents, of which twenty-live cents is for fuel 
 alone. 
 
 Statement of the revenue and expenditnres nf the entire line of the Ciulral Pacific Haitroad 
 Company for the year endiiiff J lccenil)er '.\l , l'^81, ascertained from the general books of 
 the conq)any in San Francisco bjj the hook-keeper of this bureau. 
 
 Earnings: 
 
 Passenger $i;,filh»,82« 37 
 
 Freight If), h4'2, i:?9 01 
 
 Mail 4.V.>,ir.s 23 
 
 Express :Uh,0-_>1 22 
 
 MisccUaueous 7SJ, 'JJ4 12 
 
 Gross earnings $24, ()94, IDO 95 
 
 Profits on miscellaueous investments G12, ().")(5 40 
 
 Total receipts 24,706,757 35 
 
 Exjienses: 
 
 Condnciiug transportation $2, 4',>7,522 77 
 
 Maintenance i>f way 2, 543, 01 1 80 
 
 Motive power 3, !;">;"», H)r< 06 
 
 Maintenance of cars <><">t), ItU) 05 
 
 General expenses H15, 1'.U 06 
 
 Total operating expenses '.', 0T-<, 451 54 
 
 Rentals 3, ^-td, Km 43 
 
 Total operating expenses adid rentals i:!,KV.>. 306 {Yt 
 
 Discount and interest 210,124 08 
 
 Interest on first-mortgage lioiids l.<w l,f>or» 00 
 
 Interest on otit.-r <lclif , liiiMlfil l,C.(Ht,<tll 58 
 
 ExpcJises of land department :<", '^2t» ;W 
 
 New construction 331 , Ht; | 46 
 
 New eqnipmisnfc 18,762 14 
 
 Surveys 16, iH)7 71 
 
 Loss, operating steamer division 1,70'2 (UJ 
 
 United States requirement for sinking fund for I'f'^l I, Oll*^, 0:".5 24 
 
 Dividends declared on capital stock 3, r)r)G, 530 00 
 
 Total 22,345,6<'.7 09 
 
 Surplus on operations for the year 2, 361,(K»t1 26 
 
 Or, deducting the company sinking fund nquireinent for the year per 
 
 their hooks '. . 94^,^45 00 
 
 Leaves surplus of 1,412, 245 26 
 
 A comi)anson of tiic above restilts with those of previous years shows 
 that thelinancial cuiulition of the company has been much improved.
 
 692 PAPEKS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Ou June 30, 1882, the total assets and liabilities of the companj^ were 
 as follows : 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Fmuloddebt §54,206.000 00 
 
 Intcrost on same, accrued but not due I,:i52,f..)5 00 
 
 United Stii tea subsidy bonds '^7, SHo, 6^0 00 
 
 Interest on same, accrued but not due 2'3, 449, 463 41 
 
 Floating debt : 
 
 Bills payable ,$4,215,045 ns 
 
 Accounts payable • 5,394,727 76 
 
 Interest and dividends unpaid 23, 715 00 
 
 9,633,988 14 
 
 Total debt 116,497,786 .55 
 
 Capital stock .59,275,500 00 
 
 Totalstock anddel)t 175,773,286 55 
 
 ASSETS. 
 
 Costof road 137,763,1.53 69 
 
 Cost of equipment 8,224,145 38 
 
 Real estate, sliops, &c 2,687,362 69 
 
 Cash, 2, .5.52, 644 64 
 
 Fuel, material, and stores on hand 3,6.50,695 41 
 
 Stocks and bonds owned ~^"'*''^.l^ ''^ 
 
 Miscellaneous investments 1 , 576, ('64 93 
 
 United States sinking funds and transportation account 7, 170, 128 38 
 
 Bills and accounts receivable 4, 161,737 72 
 
 Land sales, cash and notes 1,471,802 82 
 
 Company's sinking funds 4,947,909 17 
 
 174,451,661 53 
 Balance, deficit 1,321,625 02 
 
 The company has estimated the value of lands not sold to amount to 
 $26,700,000, exclusive of lauds in San Francisco, and water front in 
 Sacramento and Oakland, estimated at $7,750,000, neither of which 
 items are included in the foregoing statement of assets. 
 
 Under the act of May 7, 1878, the book-keeper of this office checked 
 the books and accounts of the company in San Francisco, with a view 
 to the ascertainment of "25 ])er cent, of the net earnings" for the year 
 ending December 3 1, J 881. Twenty-live per cent, of the net earnings of 
 the subsidized portion of the road was fonnd to amount to $1,038,395.24. 
 The transportation for the government during the year amounts to 
 $959,785.33, leaving a balance due the United States of 879,149.91. 
 
 Statement was rendered, and payment demanded October 20, 1882. 
 A check for the amount was sent to the Treasurer of the United States 
 by the vice-president of the company October 23, 1882. The company 
 has therefore paid to the government all of its accrued indebtedness to 
 date. 
 
 The following is a statement of the settlement for 1881: 
 
 Statement sliowing the earnings and expenses of the sulskVized portion (860.66 vuJes) of the 
 Central Fadfic Railroad Company from January 1, 1881, to Decembtr 31, 1881, both days 
 inclusive, as ascertained from, their general books in San Francisco. 
 
 EARNINGS. 
 
 United States : 
 
 PHSseuger $80,007 18 
 
 Freight 56,171 70 
 
 Mail. 296,489 55 
 
 $432,668 43
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. G93 
 
 Coiuinercial : 
 
 Passeuger >iaJ,532, riir> '2't 
 
 Freight 0. 543, 050 21 
 
 Express 111,4j?(; 14 
 
 S'J, 167, 051 r.o 
 
 Car service " ' 4,27i> 7(5 
 
 Rent of buildiugs 1'^, 52S 05 
 
 Miscellaneous 414,253 04 
 
 Wells, Fargo &, Co. stock on all divisions (SUiajG-oC'lO) subsidy pro- 
 portion 1 214,772 83 
 
 Total earnings 10,271,563 71 
 
 KXPFXSKS. 
 
 Conducting transportation !i<715, 076 19 
 
 Maintenance of way — 1, i;51», 430 83 
 
 Motive power 1,527, 77'J 63 
 
 Maintenance of cars 270, 721 21 
 
 General expenses and taxes 782, 119 88 
 
 Total operating expenses 4,444,127 74 
 
 Interest paid on first-mortgage bonds having priority of lien 
 over the United States bonds 1,671,695 00 
 
 Total 0,115,622 74 
 
 Net earnings so ascertained .• 4, 155,740 97 
 
 "Twenty-five per cent." LU3d,935 24 
 
 Deduct : 
 
 Transportation on aided lines 432, GG8 43 
 
 Transportation on non-aided lines •')27, 116 90 
 
 'i'otal transportatiou witMield for 1881 959, 785 33 
 
 Remainder — additional payment required by law 79, 149 91 
 
 ATPLI CATION. 
 
 One-half of transportation on subsidized line .§216,334 21 
 
 Five per cent, of net earnings 207,787 05 
 
 Total to credit of bond and interest account .S424, 121 26 
 
 One-half of trans])(irhitioiion snlisidizcd line 216,334 22 
 
 Cash or additional payment required under section 4, act of 
 May 7, 1878 398,479 70 
 
 Total for sinking-fund account 014,813 98 
 
 l,03S,y35 24 
 
 The land grant to tliis company is estimated at 12,822,400 acres, of 
 wliich 2,505,584.45 acros had Ixumi i)atentod to June .'>(), 1882. 
 
 Tlie company has sold 1,031, 10'J.21 acres for $5,017,023.88, or an aver- 
 age of 85.74 ])or aero. 
 
 Tlie Southern Pacific C/OniiKiny, so closely identified with the Central 
 Pacific system, is now building, under the nauie of the Galveston, Har- 
 ri.sburg and San Antonio Railroad, a new lino from El Paso via Sierra 
 Blauca, Texas, to San Antonio, thence via the Galveston, Ilarrisburg 
 and San Antonio road to Houston and Galveston, Tex., c-oniiocting 
 at Houston with the Texas and New Orleans and Morgan's Louisiana 
 and Texas Railway for New Orleans. This will nuike a diroel route 
 from San Francisco to New Orleans, a distance, as at present computed, 
 of 2,493 miles. 
 
 This 4oad will open to California and the Southern Ten-itories an oat-
 
 694 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 let of great value. It is estimated that during the year 1881 the export 
 crop of wheat and flour from California amounted to 1,104,501 tons, on 
 which there was paid for transportation to Euroi>ean ports, exclusive 
 of interest and insurance, G7s. (kl. pur ton, amounting to o,519,909 
 pounds sterling, or $17,111,757. Of this large amount 73 i)er cent., or 
 $2,500,000, was paid to vessels flying foreign flags, so tliat all this money 
 "was absolutely taken out of the country. 
 
 It is expected to handle the grain traflic in bulk with elevators and 
 close cars, superseding, to a great extent, the use of sacks, now so gen- 
 erally used, and saving to the farmers a due pro])ortion of their cost, 
 estimated at $1,500,000 per year. 
 
 If the expectations of the company are realized, it is believed that a 
 line of steamers can be supported between New Orleans and European 
 ports, and which, on return voyages, will bring a large immigration for 
 the Pacific coast, which has not heretofore received any considerable 
 part of that valuable population. The great inducement of cheap and 
 productive lauds east of the mountains, the sterile plains which lie 
 beyond, and the great distance and expense of reaching the Pacific slope 
 by existing lines will continue for many years to deprive that coast of 
 the advantages it would otherwise derive from general immigration. 
 A line which will render easily and cheaply accessible the rich and 
 unoccupied lands and vast mineral resources of California and the 
 Southern Territories will be of national importance. 
 
 UKION PACIPIC RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 This company, which is the successor by consolidation January 20, 
 1880, of the Union Pacific Eailroad Company, the Kansas Pacific Eail- 
 way Company, and the Denver Pacific Eailway and Telegrai)li Company, 
 has operated the same number of owned miles of road daring the past 
 year as in the year previous. 
 
 A thorough investigation and examination of the property and ac- 
 counts of this comjiany has been made and the result shows marked 
 improvement in the condition of the property and increase in business. 
 
 The main line from Omaha to Ogden is entirely laid with 50, 58, and 
 60 pound steel rails. The track is largely ballasted with gravel and 
 disintegrated granite and is in good smooth condition. The company 
 reports 1,818.8 miles of road all owned by it, in addition to which there 
 were operated in the interest of the company 2,449.1 miles, of which 
 349.4 miles were opened during the year. 
 
 The Union Pacific was chartered on the 1st of July, 1802, by act of 
 Congress which granted the right of way over the public domain, and 
 12,800 acres of the public lands per mile of road, and a subsidy in gov- 
 ernment bonds at the rate of $10,000, $32,000, and $48,000 per mile of 
 line, the object being to apportion the subsidy to the cost of the several 
 sections. The amount of the subsidy for 1,033 miles was $27,220,512, 
 the accrued interest on the same to June 30, 1882, was $23,323,059.69, 
 making the total debt $50,550,171.09 which matures in 1895,-'96,-'97, 
 and -'98. 
 
 . The amount of bonds to the Kansas Pacific (now the Kansas division 
 of the Union Pacific Eailway Company) was $10,000 per mile for 394 
 miles west from the Missouri Eiver, the total amount of bonds issued 
 being $0,303,000, which with the accrued, but not due, interest of 
 $5,751,153.09 amounted June 30, 1882, to $12,054,153.09. The total 
 debt of the Union Pacific Eailway Companv to the United States on 
 June 30, 1882, was therefore $62,004,324.78/
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 695 
 
 The total acres of land patented to the company to June 30, 1S82, is 
 3,420,013.75. Their total sales were 4,317,959.55 acres, which anjounted 
 to $10,312,441.88. 
 
 The total ^rant of land to this company, as at present consolidated, 
 is estimated at 10,100,000 acres. At the close of the fiscal year endin;; 
 June 30, 1882, the company owned rolling stock, as follows: 341 loco- 
 motives, of which 75 were e«jnipi)ed with the Westinf;^house air brake; 
 278 i)assenoer and 7,305 lVei<iht cars and 113 miscellaneous cars, bein;^ 
 an increase during tlie year of 2 locomotives, 27 i)assenger, l,8fj3 freight, 
 and 12 miscellaneous cars, at a cost of 85<34,018.4G. 
 
 During the year passenger trains ran 2,207,001 miles, carrying 003,523 
 passengers a distance equal to one passenger for 159,181,001 miles, or an 
 average of 177 miles for each passenger. Freight trains ran 5,850,133 
 miles, carrying 2,216,084 tons a distance equal to 738,721,507 miles for 
 one ton, or an average of 333 miles for eacli ton. 
 
 Among the noticeable imin-ovements on the niain line of this road 
 are the rolling mills at Laramie. They have eight furnaces, with ca- 
 pacity for rerolling seventy tons of rail per day and fifteen tons of bar 
 iron. They employ about 230 men. The buildings are of stone and 
 the machinery and engines noticeably strong and well adapted to their 
 W(nk. Apparatus for si)eedy extinguishment of fires are ke])t in con- 
 venient position and are (piickly available. During the year 1881 these 
 mills turned out 10,480.5 tons of 58 i)ound and 120.5 tons of 50-pound 
 iron rerolled rails; l,330,<i22 pounds of bar iron; 24,733 pounds of nuts; 
 059,200 pounds of bolts; 051,155 poundsof spikes, and 3,44S,038 pounds 
 of splices. The necessity for building these mills was early appreciated 
 and its accomplishment is highly creditable and economical to the (com- 
 pany. 
 
 The town of Laramie contains some 3,000 inhabitants. The buildings 
 are inincipally of stone and brick, and substantial. Tlie company con- 
 templates the development of soda mines a few miles from this ]>lace. 
 A block of nearly pure soda, weighing 7,500 i)ounds, has been taken out. 
 Judiciously worked, this sliould be a souice of i)rofit. 
 
 The shoi)s and machinery at Onmha, which were of great magnitude, 
 as noted in the report of last year, have been extende<l. The ])rincipal 
 buildings erected there during the year were five wooden car sliops, 
 each 390 feet long, all ])arall<'l with each other; the two outside are two 
 stories high and 40 leet wide; the other three are oidy one story high 
 and oO feet wide. The boiler-house is of brick, fire-j»roof, 40 by 50 feet. 
 The machinery is nearly all new and of the most improved kind. The 
 comi)any has its own water-works, from which a lull supjdy is furnished. 
 Provision for fire is ;iiiii»le and elVtctive. The foundry has ci^jai-ity for 
 tuining out sixty new wheels ])er day. An admirable and cheap 
 arrangement fi)r heating the ear shojis by steam has been perfecteil, 
 which, in view of the great amount of combustible nniterial used, is a 
 wise ])recaution. 
 
 Another inij)ortant a<ldilion within the year to the property of the 
 company is an iinnu-nse elevatorat Council lilnlls, Iowa, the cai)acityof 
 which is one million \\w hundred thousand buslu'ls. The building is 
 handsome and substantial, and is eonstru<M«'d on the most api)roved 
 ])lan ; it has the: best modern inqtroved nnirhinory, and is well ailaptetl 
 for the careful, rajjid, and eeoiu)mical receiving, storing, and delivt-ry of 
 grain. The large and rapid increase in grain protlucts along the lino 
 of the road has demanded tin; construction of a building capabh' ol' 
 haiuUiugit, and it is thought that the facilities alVonled by this elevator 
 are ami)ie, and that the outlay will prove to have been judicious.
 
 G96 J'APERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Coiisideial)!e additions to side tracks have heeii made at various i>oint3 
 aloug the line, notably at Omaha and Council Bluirs, where nearly six 
 miles of sidinijs have been i)nt in. 382,007 pine, cedar, and oak ties have 
 been laid dnrino- the year, also, 16,330 tons of new 60-pound steel rails. 
 Improved bridges arc being constructed; two of iron, four spans each, 
 have been coni])leted during the year and seven others ai-e in course of 
 construction. In addition to these, one Howe truss, six beam trusses 
 and twenty-six pile bridges have been built along the line. 
 
 A very good work luis been accomi)lished in the reduction of the heavy 
 grade at ElkhornHill, from 71).L> feet to a maxinuim grade of 21 feet per 
 mile. In accomplishing this, 150,000 cubic yards of earth were removed. 
 Quite a number of pump-houses, wells, and tanks have also been built 
 along the line. 
 
 Considerable difficulty has been experienced in obtaining good water 
 along the line running through T\'yoming Ten-itory. Artesian wells 
 have been sunk in several places to great de})th, at Salt Spriugs, 2,300 
 fe<it and at Rock Springs 1,500 feet, without finding Avater. 
 
 By invitation of the officers of the road, inspection of the tra^k, 
 bridges, and buildings of the Colorado Central, narrow gauge, from 
 Denver to Georgetown, was made. The track winds upwards through 
 Clear Creek Caiion, a distance of 51 miles, to Georgetown, attaining at 
 that place an elevation of 3,500 feet above Denver. The track is in ex- 
 cellent condition, winding through mountains of rock, which afford 
 abundance of stone for ballast. The maximum curvature is 30 degrees 
 and the maximum grade 210 feet. 
 
 The road runs into a rich mining district, the ores and supplies for 
 which make it an important factor in the Union Pacific system. 
 
 The Denver and South Park Division was also gone over in company 
 with several officers of the road. The track from Denver to South 
 Platte station, 13 miles, is used jointly by this and the Denver and Eio 
 Grande companies. From Denver to Como, 88 miles; thence to Breck- 
 enridge, 21 miles and back; thence to Garo's, 19 miles and back, to 
 Buena Vista, to Leadville and Pitkin, down the Gunnison Yallej", was 
 seen on every hand a grand succession of magnificent scenery. 
 
 The road-bed is constructed admirably. Ties are number one and of 
 uniform length. About one-half the road is laid with steel. In rail 
 replacement, 40-pound steel rail is being used, which, for a 3-foot nar- 
 row-gauge track, is much above the average. An abundance of rock 
 ballast is used; the maximum grade is 211 feet; curvature 24P, which 
 latter has been reduced from 32°. 
 
 The buildings are amply sufficient for ]iresent demands, and the roll- 
 ing stock is good. The road penetrates au exceedingly rich mining 
 district, affording large and increasing freightage. Near Como three 
 mines of excellent bituminous coal are being developed, one of which 
 yields a coal well suited for coke. 
 
 A noteworthy feature on this line, between Buena Vista and Pitkin, 
 is the summit tunnel, 1,800 feet in length, which pierces the Eocky 
 Mountains 11,524 feet above sea level; in the center is a spring whose 
 waters there divide, paTt running to the Atlantic and part to the Pacific 
 Ocean. The whole road is full of interest, not only affording scenery 
 of the most varied character, much of it of quiet pastoral beauty, but 
 in places the most abrupt and rugged of any in the mountains, acces- 
 sible by rail. The rapid development of the Pitkin district bids fair 
 to render it a most valuable contributor to the revenues of the Union 
 Pacific system. 
 
 The Oregon Short Line Eail way Company, a corporation duly creates!
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 697 
 
 and organized under the laws of tLe Territories of Wyoming and Idaho 
 and of the State of Oregon, are couslructing. with the assistance of the 
 Union Pacific liailway Company, a road which Mill extend from Granger 
 (a point on the main line of the latter road) \o Baker City, in Oregon, 
 at which place it will connect with the lines of the Oregon Railway and 
 Navigation Company, and ''thence to such point or points on the Col- 
 umbia River or the Pacitic Ocean as the company may select.'' • * 
 This new line, in addition to that of the Utah and Northern Railway, 
 will form an im])ortant link in the Union Pacific system of roads and 
 will aid materially in the development of that entire section of country. 
 
 From the latest information obtainable, the track has been laid from 
 Granger to Port Neuf, from which point it runs over the line of the 
 Utah and Northern Railway to Pocatello, tlieuce to the Snake River, 
 followingdown the valley, past American Falls, fora distance of ICmiles, 
 to the present terminus, or a total distance from Granger of about 257 
 miles. No work has been done on the western divi.sion. 
 
 The Utah and Northern Railway Company was organized April 30, 
 1878, and is the succes.sor of the Utah Northern Railroad, whicli was 
 sold under foreclosure March 28, 1878. The gauge of the road is 3 feet, 
 and at present extends from Ogden, Utah, to Butte City, Montana, a 
 distance of 415.54 miles. The main line has been extended from Silver 
 Bow Junction to Deer Lodge City, 2G miles, the ultimate object being 
 to reach Missoula. 
 
 This road is operated by the Union Pacific Railway Company, which 
 owns nearlj' the entire stock, and, as it passes through a rich mining 
 country, is expect^id to be a source of considerable revenue in the near 
 future. 
 
 KANSAS DIVISION'. 
 
 This portion of the Union Pacific Railway was thoroughly inspected, 
 accompanied bj' the general and division sui)enntendents. The lines 
 examined were the main line, C39 miles from Denver to Kansas City, 
 and the McPherson branch, 30 miles south from Salina, Kans. 
 
 This division is about one-half iron and the otlierlialf steel rails; the 
 intention being to replace all iron with steel as rai)i(lly as i)racticable. 
 
 Some of the older steel rails in the track are below 00 pounds to the 
 y.ard, but all new steel railsnow beingput in are of that weight. Stand- 
 ard frost-jn-oof water tanks of 54,000 gallon capacity are being used. 
 The stationary i)umping engines are generally i)rotected l\v substan- 
 tial stone buildings. In some places wells have been dug 100 feet deep 
 and 20 feet in diameter, with a winding stairway to the bottom sup- 
 l)orted on iron frames. The water generally is good.. 
 
 The SOlth mile i)Ost, which marks the western terminus of the bonded 
 portion of the road, is well located, but should be permanently markotl 
 by some substantial monument. 
 
 Abont 225 of tlie .'i04 miles of track, aided by bonds of the government, 
 are laid with steel, and this i)art is receiving its due proportion of the 
 expenditures for imi)rovements. • The roa4l generally runs through a fine 
 agricultural country. 
 
 Good and judicious imiu'ovements have been made as to engine-hou.ses, 
 machine-shops, and iron turntables. The round-house, yards, and 
 tracks at Denver have been very much eidarged and improved. The 
 main shops, which are located at Armstrong, just outside of Kansas 
 City, are very complete. A fire dei)artment, well organiz*'d from the 
 employes of tlie eomi»any, witli etlicient ajjparatus and full sujiply of 
 water, affords all possible protection against fire.
 
 698 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 On June 30, 1882, the total assets and liabilities of the Union Pacific 
 Railway company were as tV)llows : 
 
 LIAIWLITIKS. 
 
 Funded debt !58-2, 555, 053 75 
 
 Interefit on Siiiiio, accrnod but not duo 2, ()4<J, (iOO 74 
 
 United States subsidy bonds '.)'■'>, 539, 512 00 
 
 Interest on same, accrued but not due 29, 074, bl<J 7K 
 
 Dividends unpaid 1, 123,371 14 
 
 Floating debt : 
 
 Bills payable $3,879,707 fil 
 
 Pay-rolls and vouchers 2,239, ?<ij<) 99 
 
 Accounts payable 4,035, 317 '27 
 
 10,754,891 87 
 
 Total debt 159,097,242 28 
 
 Capital stock (50,808,500 00 
 
 Total stock and debt 219,905,742 28 
 
 ASSETS, 
 
 Cost of road and equipment 157,092,a58 40 
 
 Cash 1,570,029 10 
 
 Fuel, material, and stores on hand 3,903,345 92 
 
 Company's stocks and bonds 2, 250, 940 02 
 
 Other stocks and bonds 30,305,347 64 
 
 Land contracts and cash 0,448,827 92 
 
 Sinking funds 707, 058 85 
 
 Miscellaneous investments 151, 621 70 
 
 Interest repaid the United States by transportation service 6, 871. 519 50 
 
 Bills and accounts receivable 2, 701 , 500 48 
 
 Due from the United States for transportation service 8,578,930 55 
 
 Total assets 226,822,5-80 32 
 
 Surplus 0,850,838 04 
 
 Statement showing ilw earnings and expense^! of the Union Pacific liailway Company for the 
 fiscal years ending June 30, 1881 and 1882. 
 
 
 Tear ending 
 June 30, 188U. 
 
 Tear ending 
 June 30, 1881. 
 
 Difference. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent. 
 
 
 Increase or 
 decrease. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 KAUNINGS. 
 
 Passenger 
 
 Frei fht 
 
 $5, 195, .'■>26 77 
 
 IC, 772, ir.5 48 
 
 719,840 70 
 
 706, 038 :il 
 
 701, 065 83 
 
 $4, 970, C46 85 
 
 15, 957, 560 64 
 
 718, 337 61 
 
 600, 287 00 
 
 458, 919 9» 
 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 
 $224, 879 92 
 
 814, 594 84 
 
 1, .503 15 
 
 45.751 31 
 
 242, 145 85 
 
 4.52 
 5.10 
 
 Mail 
 
 .21 
 
 
 6.92 
 
 
 52.00 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 24, 094, 627 15 
 
 22, 765, 752 08 
 
 Increase.. 
 
 1, 328, 875 07 
 
 5.83 
 
 
 
 EXPENSES. 
 
 Conducting transportjition 
 
 2, 519, 835 44 
 3,-357,735 69 
 4, 121, 788 27 
 1, 079, 132 86 
 991, 300 29 
 
 2,207,682 C6 
 
 3, 569, .549 26 
 
 3,772.114 77 
 
 983. 353 54 
 
 882, 209 85 
 
 Increase . . 
 Decrease . 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 
 2.52, 152 78 
 211. 813 57 
 349. 673 .50 
 95. 779 32 
 109, 090 44 
 
 11.11 
 5. 94 
 
 
 9.27 
 
 
 9.74 
 
 
 12.36 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 12, 069, 792 55 
 
 11,474,910 08 
 
 Increase . . 
 
 594. 882 47 
 
 5.19 
 
 
 
 Net earnings ............. 
 
 12, 024, 834 60 
 
 11, 290, 842 00 
 
 Increase .. 
 
 733, 992 60 
 
 6.50 
 
 
 
 
 1, 818. 80 
 
 1, 818. 80 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gross earnings per mile 
 
 Operating expenses per mil© 
 
 $13,247 .54 
 6, 636 16 
 
 $12, 516 90 
 6, 309 08 
 
 Increase .. 
 Increase . . 
 
 730 64 
 327 08 
 
 5. 83 
 5.18 
 
 Net earnings per mile 
 
 6,6U 38 
 
 6,207 82 
 
 Increase . . 
 
 403 56 
 
 6.50
 
 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 699 
 
 This shows a very steady and even increase in ^ross earnings, opei^ 
 ating expenses, and net earnings during the year 
 
 The books and accounts of this company were thorouglily exaniined 
 in Boston. Twenty five per cent, of the net earnings of the subsidized 
 portion of the Union Pacific for the year 1S81 was found to be 
 $1,826,294.98, and 5 percent, of the net earnings of the Kansas Division, 
 subsidy portion, $77,091.23, making aiiunint due the government 
 $1,903,980.21 ; from wliicli deduct transportation withliehl, $1,313,794.90, 
 leaving cash balance due the United States of $."(90,191.31. 
 
 A copy of tlie detailed statements, showing the above result, is here- 
 with submitted. 
 
 Settlement has not yet been consummated, because of the refusal of 
 this office to allow the company to de<luct items for new construction 
 and new equipment for the year ending Decenil)er 31, 1881, aggregat- 
 ing $1,409,817.27 from gross earnings, to ascertain tlie net earnings as 
 required by the act of May 7, 1878. There is also involved the claim of 
 the com])any to deduct the sum of $971,G22..j5 for jn ior years. A de- 
 tailed statement was rendered and payment demanded of the balance 
 due for the year ending December 31, 1881, $590,191.31; also of pre- 
 vious balances to Deceniber 31, 1880, amounting to $242,280,89, but pay- 
 ment was refused for the reasons stated. The question will i)robably 
 be submitted to the Attorney-General for his oi)niion. 
 
 The i)urpose of the comjiany is everywhere manifest to perfect the 
 roadway and its equipment. All new work is substantial and of the 
 best. Iron rails are rei)laced with steel, and wooden bridges and cul- 
 verts with iron and stone. Stone ballast is being extended as rapidly 
 as practicable. The main line and the connecting roads operated by it 
 are in excellent condition. 
 
 In respect to the i)oli(;y of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific 
 companies in aiding the erection of l)ranch lines tlirough valuable ter- 
 ritory, whicli rival eom])anies would occui)y to their detriment if .such 
 aid were not extended, I entirely concur in the remarks of 3Ir. Freiieh. 
 my predecessor, in his report lor 1880 (j). 25) : 
 
 The policy of inveslinjj; in these lir.Tiich lines is nndonbteilly the best for insuriu;; a 
 continniMKc of prolitahli' husiness for llic ninin line, and so lon<^ .ns the ;;ovfiniuent 
 lias anch .1 largt- inttivst as i rcditor it <'aiinor, l)nt sanction and conlirni .such invest- 
 uieiils. If there is any way liy which these hianch inoiieities could lie nierjjed iu or 
 consolidated with the main inopeity, it would he desiral)le,so that in uiiy evuut or 
 coutiugency the main juoiieity could not be deprived of thi;se valuable feeders. 
 
 UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY, UNION DIVISION. 
 
 Ascertainment of "2^> per ant. of vet taniintja" for the ijrar ending Deeemher 31, IBdl, 
 umitr (he avl of May 7, leTtf. 
 
 EAU.NINGS. 
 United States: 
 
 Passenger $18,''., 372 G8 
 
 Kreijjht IU>U,B30 96 
 
 Mail, amount clainied l»y comiiaiiy .§r>'.>G, 77.'> tX) 
 
 Lessdifrercm-e betweeti amount claimed and 
 amount allowed by rost-Ullicc Dejiart- 
 meut ! l.':5, 4:}(; C.iJ 
 
 4 n, rcM .^l 
 
 $1,010,547 86 
 
 Commercial : 
 
 Passeuf^er :l, 277,7t'>l 27 
 
 I'l^ight Ui,ri2:<. 112 .Vi 
 
 Express .M.'>, ll>y 7:t 
 
 M,41G,U73 25
 
 700 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Company freigLt .«!l, IC.'), !)70 74 
 
 Car Borvico i)2, li'>9 iui 
 
 Kent of buildiiiss x!H,889 77 
 
 Miscellaueoiis .'. 422. 219 06 
 
 : 1^1,709,239 12 
 
 Gross earnings 17, 144,800 49 
 
 KXPKNSE8. 
 
 Conducting transportation «. 1,C45,74!5 20 
 
 IMaiuteuance of Avay 2, :W9, TjOI 45 
 
 Motive power 2,812,921 59 
 
 Maintenance of cars 797,325 92 
 
 General expenses and taxes 5G3,328 40 
 
 Total operating expenses 8, 208, 820 56 
 
 Interest paid on iirst mortgage bonds having prioritv of 
 lien over tiiose of the United States, ledger folio 386. . 1, 630, 860 00 
 
 Total expenses under act of May 7, 1878 9, 839, 680 56 
 
 Net earnings so ascertained 7,305,179 93 
 
 Twenty-fivd per centum of net earnings 1, 826, 294 98 
 
 Amount of 'transportation rendered us above 1, 019, 547 85 
 
 Less difference in amount claimed bv company 7, 231 23 
 
 1,012,316 62 
 
 Remainder, cash or additional i^ayment required by 
 law 813,978 36 
 
 APPLICATION. 
 
 One-half transportation services claimed 506, 158, 31 
 
 Cash payment, five per cent, of net earnings 365, 259 00 
 
 To credit of bond and interest account 871,417 31 
 
 One-half transportation services claimed 506, 158 31 
 
 Cash payment, being that portion of the $850, 000 named 
 in section 4 of the act of May 7, 1878, payable into the 
 
 sinking-fund ' '. 448,719 36 
 
 954,877 67 
 
 1,826,294 9f< 
 
 Cash payment ascertained to he due for the year 1881, ====:= 
 
 after deducting the amount claimed for transportation 
 
 services rendered on tlie subsidy iiortion and withheld 
 
 by the United States .' 813,978 ?.<) 
 
 The company is, how^vei-. entitled to jiaymeut for trans- 
 portation services performed over non-aided lines oper- 
 ated by it, and for which compensation has been withheld 
 by the United States: 
 Passenger, freight, and mail service. on the Omaha and 
 
 Republican Valley G, 798 95 
 
 Omaha, Niobrara and Black Hills 2, 127 69 
 
 Saint Joseph and Western 14, 460 35 
 
 Marysville and Blue Valley 1,645 21 
 
 Echo and Park City 6,813 56 
 
 UtahNorthern 59,733 45 
 
 Colorado Central 23, 289 28 
 
 Denver, South Park andPacific 4,211 02 
 
 Denver Pacitic 20,523 72 
 
 Junction City and Fort Kearney 3, 581 77 
 
 Solomon Railroad T 2,821 68 
 
 Salina and Southwestern 1, 560 90 
 
 Denverand Boulder Valley .■ - 1,186 32 
 
 Golden, Boulder and Caribou 288 48 
 
 Lawrence and Emporia 1,560 65 
 
 150,633 03 
 
 Cash requirement for 1881 663,345 3:; 
 
 Less amount due Kansas Pacific on settlement 73, 1:^4 02 
 
 Balance due the United States in cash 590. 191 31
 
 EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 701 
 
 UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY C03IPANY, KANSAS DIVISION. 
 Earniugfi aud expeuses from November 2, 1880, to December 31, 18«1, iucluslTe. 
 
 KARXIXGS. 
 
 United States : 
 
 Passenger .SSfi, 18-» n4 
 
 Freight IM. -MU H'.) 
 
 Mail 13-J,G~(; [H 
 
 Comiuercial : 
 
 Passf-nger -. l.G'^T.nOO I'.t 
 
 Freight 4, .>")(), 17H y7 
 
 Express HID, >•_> 58 
 
 Company freight :n,7. \1'> <iO 
 
 Car service lij,<il.'> <il 
 
 Reut of buildings (», IWJ r>S 
 
 Miscellaneous ()4,^'•l-' 2*i 
 
 tj, &Jfi, 149 15 
 
 Gross earnings 7, lol,3c'S Sti 
 
 EXPENSES. 
 
 Conducting truiisportal ion .^47,2:ir» 8:i 
 
 MaiutcjiHUcc of way 1 , 4():!, 7'Xi 'M 
 
 Motive power 1, :!">:5, ^y'-i K^ 
 
 Mainteuiince of cars 'M2, Ci'jJ '^•^ 
 
 General expenses aud taxes 475, 70G "i'i 
 
 Total operating expenses 4,4S:i, Old 4-J 
 
 Surplus t.'. (5<>|. :{7-2 14 
 
 pjj subsidy proportion l,G4r»,'i'*7 36 
 
 Less: 
 
 New construction (see statement) 70, 22r» 12 
 
 New ei|nipment (see statement) 21,23<i 6.> 
 
 01,462 77 
 
 Net earniugs so ascertained 1, ."v?, 824 59 
 
 Five per cent 77,091 23 
 
 Cash portion due company for transportation services rendered in 1S81, by actual 
 location : 
 
 Subsidized : 
 
 Passenger sl3, drsi ."il 
 
 Freigiit 4.'>,776 «> 
 
 Express 327 11 
 
 r)9,7:i.j 51 
 
 One li.ilf 29,867 76 
 
 Unsnbsidized 
 
 Passenger 7, 71«> 07 
 
 Freight 32, -Ji:. :.() 
 
 Express 212 74 
 
 40.174 37 
 
 Subsidized mail = ?,!{i of 8ll3,.")67.64 = 870,O24.49, l.-.-?sono-hnlf. :t'>,01>j 25 
 Unsnbsidizcd mail -= si^f; of $113,507.64 43, ."►43 15 
 
 Mail — Leavenworth branch 2,247 72 
 
 l.%0, "4.*. 2.". 
 
 Less five per cent, net earnings, as above 77,691 23 
 
 Balance due company iti cash 73, liVl 02
 
 702 PAPERS ACCOJrPANYING THE 
 
 Particulars of construction and equipment from November 2, 1880, to December 31, 1881, 
 
 C0N.ST15UCT10X. 
 
 For November, 1880 : 
 
 Right of way T.O.OO— A.. 48 :« 
 
 Fire apparatus at Armstrong 140. 02. .do.. 135 84 
 
 Bismarck Grovo l,2«8.'^;i..do.. 1,245 29 
 
 For Docemher, 1880 : 1, 429 46 
 
 Shops, &.C., at Armstrong 8,785 29 
 
 Tools, «fec., at Armstrong 543 11 
 
 Bismarck Grove 877 89 
 
 Telegraph line, $10, 389.02 take m 
 
 As per Treasurer's letter of May 1, 1882 4 , 501 04 
 
 14,797 33 
 
 For the year 1881 : 
 
 Land at Armstrong 1,210 24 
 
 Addition to ships at Ai'mstrong 372 09 
 
 Tools and machinery at Armstrong 5, 540 74 
 
 Spur track to Armourdale 4, 640 (jlj 
 
 Pala ce Hotel property at Topeka 8, 000 00 
 
 Buildings and improvements at Bismarck Grove 34, 221 39 
 
 Telegraph line =i|^ of $32. 15 14 21 
 
 53, 999 33 
 
 70,226 12 
 
 NEW KQUIPMENT. 
 
 November, 1880, expense on freight cars, U of |18.99 IS 36 
 
 December, 1880 expense on freight cars 300 00 
 
 During the vear 1881 : 
 
 8 cabooses 10,090 04 
 
 2 express cars 4, 962 74 
 
 3 work cars 2, 146 45 
 
 Miscellaneous cars 14, 395 03 
 
 License to use steam plow and scraper 1, 000 00 
 
 Eoyalty on patent safety gate 1, 250 00 
 
 License to use Sati'ord's draw bar 863 00 
 
 35, 025 62 
 
 Deduct rebate on freight chargea 583 44 
 
 34,442 18 
 
 11^ = subsidy proportion 21,236 65 
 
 NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 Thorough inspection of the property of this company has been made, 
 and great improvements noted over last year. 
 
 The rapidity with which construction has progressed on both the 
 eastern and western divisions is without precedent in the history of the 
 company. 
 
 During the year ending June 30, 1882, 285 miles of track were laid 
 with American steel rails, of which 183 miles were laid from the east, 
 and 102 miles from the west, leaving the two ends of the track 573 
 miles apart on June 30, which, at the present rate of construction, will 
 be lessened about 300 miles hj the close of the year. The final connec- 
 tion of the tracks is expected to. be made not later than the fall of 1883. 
 
 The building of this trans-continental line will develop an ilnmense 
 area of agricultural and grazing lands. During the past year there has 
 been an unx)recedented flow of new population into the States and Ter- 
 ritories tributary to the road. 
 
 Careful recent estimates made by the officers of the company, as shown 
 by returns to this bureau, show an increase of population of 31,948 in 
 Oregon and Washington Territory since the census of 1880. 
 
 In the ten most important towns along the Minnesota division (Duluth
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 703 
 
 to Fargo) there has been an increase of 16,200, or 200 per cent. In the 
 five counties traversed by the Dakota division, a gain of 22,322, or 150 
 per cent. 
 
 A number of thriving towns and numerous settlemeuts are rapidly 
 springing up along both the eastern and western divisions of the road. 
 
 WESTERJf DIVISION. 
 
 The inspection of this division extended fiom Portland to Tacoma, 
 and from Portland to the " front," some thirty miles east of where Clark's 
 Fork of the Columbia Eiver emi)ties into Lake Pend d'Oreille. 
 
 The rapidity of construction and its thoroughness deserves high 
 commendation. The cuts and embankments are wide, well shaped, and 
 clean, the material first-class; the rails of American steel, 56 pouiuls to 
 the yard, and the cross-ties are laid 2,040 to the mile. Owing to the expe- 
 ditious manner in which the road has been built, and a proper regard 
 to economj'-, occasional sharp grades and curvatures have been adopted, 
 but they will be reduced as soon as practicable. Much of the line of 
 the road abounds in excellent material tor ballast, which is being util- 
 ized as rapidly as possible. 
 
 Construction work is carried on from tlie western end, under the 
 supervision of its own superintendent. The force employed averages 
 about 6,000 men, of whom about 4,000 are Chinese. The difficulties en- 
 countered in the construction of the road up Clark's Fork were extreme. 
 The valley is a mountain gorge, densely timbered with jiine, spruce, 
 beech, and tamarack, often rising to a height of 250 feet; the country 
 broken, rocky, and precipitous. No road existed save a pony-trail along 
 the mountain sides, and numerous rapids interfere with the navigation 
 of the river. 
 
 To aid the work of construction the company has i)laced a small 
 steamer on a comparatively smooth stretch of the river, 40 miles long, 
 beginning 21 miles above Cabinet Landing, or 28 miles above the mouth 
 of Olark's Fork, where it empties into Lake Pend d'Oreille. 
 
 About 25 miles of ditficult work still remain on Clark's Fork, after 
 which the character of the country changes and the work will become 
 much easier. To cross the two arms of Lake Pend d'Oreille the com- 
 pany were compelled to build two immense trestles, one of 7,200 and 
 one of 8,400 feet in length. Piles were driven, upon which the bents 
 rest the entire distance ; the stringers, ties, and guard-rails are of most 
 excellent material and very superior workmanship. Guard-rails of wood 
 are bolted every fifth tie through rail, tie, and stringer, some .M inches, 
 and are notched upon every tie, making a very stiong and safe bridge. 
 
 The trestle and bridge across the Clark's Fork, just above the lake, 
 is also an excellent structure, built this year, under difliculties, the cur- 
 rent being very rapid. A good line with easy grades Iuih been located 
 on the south bank of the Columbia Eiver between Portland and Kalama, 
 a distance of '6dk miles. 
 
 The Northern Pacific proposes to participate in forming a terminal 
 company for the building of a passenger and freight depot at Portland, 
 and to provide other terminal lacilities for all roads centering at that 
 point. It is estimated that the plans and location of property fully cov- 
 ers all i)resent and future needs for terminal facilities at Portland. 
 
 EASTERN DIVISIONS. 
 
 This part of the road has also been inspected and is in good condi- 
 tion. The opening of the road within the past year, from JMiles City to
 
 704 PAPERS ACCOT^rPANYING THE 
 
 Billings, completes the lino from Dnluth to that point, a distance or 
 IjOliO miles. The company also oi)erates 130 miles of track from Saint 
 Paul to Brainerd, a point on the main line, thus giving a throngh line 
 from both Saint Paul and Duluth to the present terminus of the road. 
 
 From Duluth, at the head of Lake Sni)erior, to Thomson, a distance 
 of 24 miles, the road is owned and operated jointly with the Saint Paul 
 and Duluth liailroa<l Company. The company has leased G0.5 miles < f 
 the Western Kailroad Company of Minnesota, from Brainerd to Sauk 
 Eapids, for a period of ninety-nine years, and has secured the perpetual 
 right to use 75.5 miles of track of the Saint Paul, Minneapolis and Mani- 
 toba Company from Sauk Eapids to Saint Paul, i^aying for the privilege 
 $40,000 per year and a proportion of maintenance and station expenses, 
 which secures a continuous line from Saint Paul to Brainerd, a distance 
 of 13G miles. 
 
 The road from Saint Paul to Brainerd is w^ell ballasted with earth, 
 very little other material being used, and is fenced much of the way 
 witii barbed wire or boards. 
 
 YELLOWSTOXE DIVISIOX. 
 
 Track-laying on this division began in July, 1881, and at time of in- 
 spection had been completed to Billings, a distance of 224 miles. Great 
 difficulty of construction has been experienced on this division by rea- 
 son of the peculiar and variable character of the blufis along the Yel- 
 lowstone Eiver. The lower strata are comparatively soft, and easily 
 disintegrate, undermining the harder strata above, which fall in great 
 masses upon the track. 
 
 In seasons of high water, the action of the river is often destructive, 
 the rock being undermined by the water, causing it to cave. This dif- 
 ficulty is being obviated, and in time will l3ee»tirely overcome, by a con- 
 tinuance of the present system of throwing out dikes at exposed points 
 to divert the river current from the bank. Entensive work of this kind 
 has been successfully accomplished at Iron Bluff, about 10 miles west 
 of Glendive. At this point an enormous mass of material, with scarcely 
 any cohesion, containing millions of cubic yards, was slowly crumbling 
 to pieces and gradually sliding towards the river. The obstacles thus 
 placed in the way of a permanent road-bed appeared serious, the first 
 track being wrecked shortly after the laying. A strong dike has been 
 thrown out into the river, however, diverting the channel to the opposite 
 shore, and the temi)orary track then laid has thus far proven to be per- 
 manent. 
 
 For a distance of 91 miles between Fort Keogh and Custer there are 
 23 miles of rugged bluff-work. At exposed points heaA^ riprapping has 
 been done. 
 
 The maximum grade of this division is 26.4 feetto the mile; the curva- 
 tures generally good, but can and will be reduced in time. 
 
 The bridge across the Powder Eiver, abeautiful stream of clear water, 
 is a. Howe truss — four spans of 150 feet each and 195 feet of pile trestle 
 approach. A Howe truss bridge of two spans, 154 feet each, with 601 
 feet of pile trestle, crosses the Tongue Eiver. There are also Howe truss 
 bridge's over the Cedar, Cabin, U'Fallon, Eosebud, and Yellowstone 
 Elvers. 
 
 The bridge timbers on the eastern are similar to those on the western 
 divisi(m, and are of excellent mater al and of full size. Fifty-six-pound 
 American steel rail is used on this division, and 2,640 ties to the mile.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 705 
 
 There are eight standard water-tanks, well built — one supplied by 
 wind-mill, three by gravity, and four by steam pumps. 
 
 One ll-8tall engine-house and iron turn-table at Glendive, and one 
 8-8tall engine house and wooden turn-table at Forsythe. 
 
 Sidings have been laid, of a uniform length, at the smaller stations, 
 of 2,640 feet or one-half mile; the larger stations have more than this, 
 but none less. There are 59,562 feet of siding now laid on this division. 
 
 Twenty-five miles of the track of this division have been ballasted 
 with gravel, at an average of 10 inches in depth. 
 
 Excellent stock-yards have been built at Glendive and Miles City, 
 and others will be constructed as rapidly as the demand requires. * 
 
 The yard at Glendive is 418 by 454 feet, with 10 pens and 6 chutes ; 
 that at Miles City is 300 feet square, with 7 pens and 5 chutes. Both 
 have convenientfeed-racks, water- troughs, &c., and stock can be handled 
 comfortably and economically. Sections are about 10 miles long, and 
 the houses are so constructed and- located as to accommodate the fore- 
 men and laborers of two gangs, having a neat car and tool house on 
 either side for the use of each gang. The section-houses are much above 
 the average, and are all uniform in size, construction, and distance from 
 track. They are one-and-a-half story, well painted, roomy, airy, and 
 comfortable. 
 
 BISMARCK RIDOE. 
 
 The company is to be congratulated in having completed so important 
 a structure as this bridge across the Missouri River, between Bismarck 
 and Mandan, Dakota Territory. At the time inspection was made this 
 bridge was not completed. The river was crossed by a steam ferry-boat, 
 capable of transferring three passenger coaches or four freight cars at 
 once. 
 
 The bridge was completed, tested, and formally opened to traflQc Oc- 
 tober 21, 1882. Eight locomotives, weighing over 500 tons, crossed the 
 bridge and rested on each of the spans, whilst engineers made observa- 
 tions and photographs were taken. The deflection of each span was 
 less than 3 inches. The testing engineers, men of long experience and 
 of eminent ability, pronounced the bridge one of the finest and most 
 complete in the country. The total length of the superstructure, which 
 is of steel and iron, is 1,400 feet; that of the trestle approach, 1,500 feet. 
 
 The three main spans are each 400 feet long. The bottom chord is 
 70 feet above low water. The piers are 74 by 26 feet at base and 35 by 
 10 feet under the coping; each contains 2,700 cubic yards of masonry 
 and 1,000 yards of concrete, being the largest piers on the Missouri or 
 Mississippi Rivers, except those at Saint Louis. The masonry is built 
 in a most thorough and workmanlike manner, and is entirely of granite. 
 Foundations for the channel piers were put in by pneumatic proce*<8, 
 and are 50 feet below the level of low-water. They rest on hard clay, 
 specimens of which stood a pressure of 300 pounds to the cubic inch. 
 It was drilled into 70 feet, and found to be uniform. It is regarded as 
 an entirely adequate foundation. About 70 j)er cent, of the super- 
 structure, it is estimated, is of steel and 30 per cent, of iron. 
 
 The bridge ties used are of oak, 9 inches square and 15 feet long, 
 spaced only 6 inches apart in the clear. Inside the steel rails of the 
 track are placed wrought angle irons, bolted to every tie in a mjinner 
 which is believed to make the floor perfectly safe from accidents due 
 to derailments. The cost of this bridge, including a large dike put in 
 on the west side for regulating the channel, will be about $1,000,000. 
 
 Very substantial improvementa hav« been made by the company at 
 45 Ab
 
 706 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Mandan, on the w(>sfc bank of the Missouri, amoiift- which are a large 
 round-house, and machine-shop ; also, a fine two-story brick station 
 buihling of largo dimensions, with mansard roof, broad platforms, and 
 large airy rooms and otiices was being erected, and has been, ere this, 
 completed. The upper floor will be devoted to the use of the division 
 officers. 
 
 The town, claiming about 1,500 inhabitants, has grown to its present 
 size from nothing within the last two and a half years. 
 
 On the East aiul West Minnesota divisions. Saint Paul division, Cas- 
 selton branch, and the Wisconsin division, an aggregate track of 575 
 Jfiiles, 395 miles are of American steel and 180 miles of iron, all 56 
 pounds to the yard. The bridges generally rest upon piles. There are 
 only four Howe truss and one Post truss bridge on these lines. A guard 
 rail, by 6 inches, is bolted to the outside stringers, 3 feet from the rail. 
 
 The station buildings are frame, one story high, and of sufficient ca- 
 pacity for the accommodation of the business. They all bear neat signs, 
 designating name and distance. No mile posts are yet up, but it is in- 
 tended to erect them soon. The x)rinci])al shops are at Brainerd, where 
 a new one, 120 by 250 feet, has been built. There have been erected dur- 
 ing the year, one 44-stall engine-house at Brainerd, one of 10 stalls at 
 Duluth, one of 18 stalls at Fargo, one of 2 stalls at Jamestown, and one 
 of stalls at Bismarck. It is intended to have the track all graveled 
 by the fall of 1883. 
 
 The rail on the line from Brainerd to vSauk Rapids is of iron weighing 
 52 pounds to the yard, but before the close of the \)reseut year will all 
 have been relaid with steel of 50 pounds to the yard. 
 
 The water-tanks are standard, frost-proof, IG by 24 feet, and are sup- 
 plied from wells and streams, by steam power ; 72,885 feet of new sidings 
 have been put in during the year ending June 30, 1882. 
 
 The filling in of the marsh at Saint Paul is being continued as more 
 track room is needed. A double-track iron bridge across Fourth street, 
 an iron-turn table, and other improvements at Saint Paul have been built. 
 The general ofitice building at that place is progressing, and it is ex- 
 pected will be ready for occupancy in January next. 
 
 ENTIRE LINE. 
 
 During the year the company expended for new construction 
 $15,044,712.75, and for improvements and betterments on the already 
 constructed roatl, $1,185,044.70. The equipment purchased during the 
 year amounted to $2,138,956.20, consisting of 54 engines, 43 passenger, 
 and 2,079 freight cars. 
 
 The total equipment at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 1882, Avas 1.54 locomotives, of which 31 have the Westinghouse air-brake 
 attachment; 104 passenger cars, 4,787 freight, and 644 miscellaneous 
 cars. 
 
 During the year there were accidents on the road resulting in the 
 death or injury of sixty -four persons, 16 killed and 48 injured, classified 
 as follows: One passenger and two employes were killed from their own 
 carelessness or misconduct, aiid 13 employ6s from causes beyond their 
 control. Two employes were injured from their own carelessness or 
 misconduct, and 46 from causes beyond their control. 
 
 The company has been fortunate in the discovery of a valuable and 
 continuous vein of bituminous coal, from 4 to 5 feet in thickness, 100 
 feet from the surface, and above the water level, in the vicinity of 
 Bozeman, Mont. 
 
 It is purposed to develop this mine by the time the track reaches there 
 this fall. About 30 miles west of north from Billings, in the Bull Moun-
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 
 
 707 
 
 tains, coal of excellent quality has been discovered, which will be easy 
 of access to the projected line from Billings to Fort Benton. It is 
 thought that when tliese mines shall have been developed there will be 
 no further necessity of shipping coal from the East for steam and heating 
 purposes. 
 
 From reports submitted to this office the following statements have 
 been compiled : 
 
 statement showing the financial condition of the Northetn Pacific Bailroad Company on Junt 
 
 30, 1882. 
 
 UABILmES. 
 
 First mortgage bonds $24,616,500 00 
 
 Interest ou same ................. 661,676 74 
 
 Net proceeds, land sales, «fec 10,432,643 24 
 
 Accounts payable and advances on bonds 7,110,962 43 
 
 Total debt 42,821,782 41 
 
 Capitalstock 90,909,132 20 
 
 Total stock and debt 133,730,914 61 
 
 ASSETS. 
 
 Coat of road |122,581,020 16 
 
 Cost of equipment 4,466,903 82 
 
 Real estate 363,698 26 
 
 Cash and material on hand . 6,558,061 22 
 
 Company's stocks and bonds owned.. 1,683,635 10 
 
 Other stocks and bonds owned 552,600 00 
 
 Accouuts receivable 783,480 04 
 
 Total assets 136,989,398 60 
 
 Surplus 3,258,483 99 
 
 Comparative statement showing the earnings and expenses of the N'orthern Pacific Railroad 
 Company for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1881 and 1882. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Difference. 
 
 Increase or 
 decrease. 
 
 Amoant. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent 
 
 EAKXINGS. 
 
 Passenger 
 
 yroight . 
 
 Maif 
 
 K xjjffss 
 
 MiacoUancoua 
 
 Gross 
 
 r-XPKXSKS. 
 
 Tranapurtatiou 
 
 Mainlfnancx of wny 
 
 Moti vp power 
 
 MMiutcnuuce of cars 
 
 CU-ueral taxes and routuls 
 
 Total 
 
 Net earnings 
 
 Average miles opt-riif <m1 
 
 Grosii ftHi'niups per mile of roud. . . 
 Operatiugex7)enspsptTniil»'of road. 
 
 Net earnings 
 
 $1, 302, 260 80 
 
 8, 909, 423 20 
 
 52, 306 50 
 
 140,203 18 
 
 17,021 82 
 
 $G6R, 620 92 
 
 2, 207, 299 13 
 
 37, S(H) ( 
 
 76,318 CO 
 
 4, 420 11 
 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 
 Jncrtaso . 
 liiiruaso . 
 lucreaito. 
 
 $633, 639 88 
 
 1, 702, 124 07 
 
 H,445 92 
 
 72, li74 49 
 
 12, col 71 
 
 94.82 
 77.11 
 38.15 
 95. 61 
 28.V 10 
 
 S, 430, 305 50 
 
 2, 904, 510 49 
 
 lucreaae . 
 
 2, 4,35, 786 07 
 
 81.33 
 
 794, 030 81 
 0.52,919 r,G 
 967, MH 74 
 273. 975 45 
 
 583, 620 45 
 
 430, 072 40 
 499, 332 31 
 4911, 0S« 3o 
 i::., 229 13 
 
 480,668 11 
 
 Increase . 
 Tncmise . 
 Incrcuiie . 
 lucreuiie . 
 
 Increase . 
 
 364, 557 91 
 
 4.13, .1N7 •::, 
 
 477. 006 39 
 148, 740 32 
 
 102, 952 34 
 
 8, 572, 840 51 
 
 2,025,890 3U InoresM 
 
 1, K57. 465 05 
 
 969, 129 19 
 
 797 00 
 
 584 00 
 
 6, 318 85 
 3, 83t) 46 
 
 4, 723 31 
 3.119 26 
 
 Increase . 
 
 Incrc.nae . 
 
 InoreaM . 
 Increase 
 
 1. 647. 4.'K) 21 
 
 888, 335 8« 
 
 213 00 
 
 84.78 
 90 90 
 97.47 
 lia78 
 
 21.42 
 
 2, 488 39 
 
 1, 604 05 I Increase 
 
 8M 34 
 
 70.40 
 
 "oiTot 
 
 "3«l7 
 
 -'I 
 6.-.. 29
 
 708 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The company was chartered by act of Coiij^ross approved July 2, 1864, 
 and received a grant of laud of twenty sections to the mile within the 
 States and forty sections per mile within the Territories. ' 
 
 It is estimated that this grant will aggregate 42,000,000 acres of land; 
 746,509.52 acres have been patented to date. The company claims to 
 have earned to June 30, 1882, 12,234,848.24 acres. No patents have 
 been issued by the United States to the company since November 4, 
 1873, except one, April 8, 1880, for 3,016 acres in Washington Territory. 
 
 The company reports having sold lands, up to June 30, 1882, for an 
 amount aggregating $13,108,835.28, of which sales $1,426,461.87 were 
 made during the year ending June 30, 1882. During the past year, up 
 to November 1, 1882, the President of the United States has appointed 
 commissioners to examine for acceptance by the government 625 miles 
 of road, 300 miles on the western and 325 miles on the eastern divis- 
 ions, reports of which have been returned to the Secretary of the In- 
 terior. 
 
 In this connection it is well to take into consideration the close rela- 
 tions existing between the Northern Pacific Railroad, the Oregon and 
 California Railroad, the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company, and 
 the Oregon and Transcontinental Company. 
 
 The Navigation Company is a consolidation of the Oregon Steamship 
 Company, the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, and the companies 
 owning the railroads built to overcome the rapids of the Columbia Eiver. 
 This company was chartered June 12, 1879, and commenced business 
 July 1, of the same year. 
 
 On June 1, 1882, the length of roads operated was 451.2 miles. At 
 that date the company was building a line from Portland to Bonneville, 
 4:2 miles, to connect with its main line from that point to Wallula, Wash. 
 Ter. This has since been completed. The company was also extending 
 a branch from Umatilla to Baker City, via Pendleton, 172.5 miles. 
 
 The Transcontinental Company was organized under the laws of the 
 State of Oregon for the general purpose of constructing railroads, but 
 more particularly to secure harmony of action between the Oregon 
 Railway and Navigation Comi)any, and the Northern Pacific Railroad 
 Company, which it has done through the purchase of a large amount 
 of the stocks of these two companies, and also to furnish the means to 
 build branch lines tothe Northern Pacific Railroad — which that com- 
 pany cannot under its charter construct — to increase the value of its 
 lands and prevent the encroachment of rival lines. 
 
 The Oregon and Transcontinental Company has extended to the 
 Northern Pacific, as its largest stockholder, the strong support of its 
 capital of $30,000,000, enabling the company to push construction 
 steadily throughout the year. It controls the railroads reaching all the 
 settled portions of the valleys of the Columbia east of the Cascade Range, 
 and of its principal tributaries, the Willamette and Snake Rivers, and 
 includes a rail connection with San Francisco. It further embraces the 
 navigation of these three rivers, as weU as of Puget Sound, carried on 
 by thirty steamboats, and, likewise, the whole of the coastwise trade 
 along the North Pacific coast, from the northern boundary of Mexico to 
 Alaska, carried on by 26 ocean steamships. 
 
 The traffic which will flow from these sources into the main artery of 
 the Northern Pacific, upon its completion, will add greatly to its reve- 
 nues.
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 709 
 
 OREGON AND CALIFORNIA RAILROAD COIVIPANY. 
 
 Chartered March 17, 1870, aud opened for business December 1,1872. 
 
 Tlie company is now successor by consolidation of the Oregon Central 
 Itailroad Company, purchased September 1, 1880, chartered July 25, 
 1806, and owns the land grant of said company; the AYestern Oregon 
 Kailroad Company, purchased October 9, 1880, and the Albany and 
 Lebanon Eailroad Company, leased December 15, 1880, at a rental of $1 
 ibr each period of six mouths, this company to pay taxes and keep up 
 repairs. The several lines are operated in two divisions, i. e. : 
 
 !Mil«8. 
 East Side Divisioa : 
 
 Maine line, Portland to Roseburg I9tt 
 
 Lebanon branch, AHjany Junction to Lebanon 11.5 
 
 West Side Division : 
 
 Portland to Corvallls 97 
 
 Total, exclusive of aido tracks 306. 5 
 
 The estimated grant of land to these combined companies amounts to 
 3,910,000 acres, of which 322,062.40 acres iKive been patented to June 
 
 30, 1882. Of this latter amount, lands had been sold up to December 
 
 31, 1881 — date of last report — for an amount aggregating $309,486.15, at 
 an average price of $2.25 per acre. The minimum price now asked is 
 25 cents, the maximum $10 per acre. 
 
 Inspection of the property of this company was made in July, 1882, 
 and found to be in a somewhat improved condition over the previous 
 year. The past year has been the most eventful one in the liistory of the 
 comi)any since its organization. It witnessed the end of a crippknl and 
 helpless existence, which the corporation ha<l led since ita bankruptcy 
 in 1873, and the beginning of new vitality and brighter i)romises for 
 the future. 
 
 It appears that from the failure of the company in 1873 until its re- 
 organization the policy was pursued of incurring the least possible 
 expense in repairs and renewals, in order to eke out the largest possible 
 net results for the association of bondholders in control of the property. 
 The legitimate fruit of so false an economy had to be borne sooner or 
 later, if the road lioped to ever attain even a fair standard, and the residt 
 was that immediately aft<ir the reorganization, large expenditures be- 
 came inevitable. It is the intention of the i>resent management to 
 improve and perfect the property as rapidly as time and money will 
 admit. 
 
 Kunning down from Portland to Roseburg, on the east side of the 
 Willamette Iliver, the track is in goo<l line, and part of it well baUasted 
 with gravel. The bridge across the AVilhimctt*' is to l»e renewed this 
 year. The trestle a})proach on the southern side is about one mile 
 long. The stxong current, high waters, and sott yielding soil render 
 it impracticable to till this trestle with material. 
 
 At Oregon City, which is the largest manufacturing town in the 
 State, a 40-foot fall in the Willamette furnislies u magniliccnt power, 
 and is being utilized. 
 
 The inspection extended as far south as Roseburg, the present oper- 
 ating terniimis, and some 15 miles beyond where track ha<l l)een laid. 
 The work on the new portion pf tlie line is much sui>erior to that on the 
 older; thejare using goml sawed ties .ind ")6-j)ound rails. 
 
 The region from this southern teriniMus of the main line is of a char- 
 acter mucli broken by water-cours«'s, ranges of hills and mountains, 
 and some portions of construction will be very diilicult and expensive.
 
 710 PAPBRS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 U])on the lino, siH Inr as selected, there will be a section of 63 miles 
 in length fioni lioseburg south, in the valleys of the South TJnipqua and 
 Cow Creek, showing maximum grades of 53 feet per mile, and very 
 heavy curvature, with 10 degi-ees as maxima. From the end of this 
 section to the valley of the Rogue River, a further distance of 40 miles, 
 three mountain ranges have to bo traversed. The maximum grade on 
 this division will be 116 feet per mile, and of curvatures likewise 10 
 degrees. 
 
 The plan is to bnild southwardly to the line of division between Cal- 
 ifornia and Oregon, there to connect with the California and Oregon 
 Railroad, which is being extended north under the auspices of the Cen- 
 tral Pacitic as its " Ore^^on division." The junction of these two roads 
 is expected to occur in the latter part of 1883, and it is fairly assumed 
 that sufficient business will naturally be attracted to this route to cause 
 a fair and early return on the investments. 
 
 The road on the west side of the Willamette, from Corvallis to Port- 
 land, was inspected upon the return trip. 
 
 From Albany Junction to Corvallis, a distance of 11 miles, the jour- 
 ney had to be made by wagon. 
 
 The road from Corvallis to McMinnville, a distance of 47 miles, is 
 in most excellent condition, good rails and ties and broken rock bal- 
 last the whole distance, making a safe track for both rapid and heavy 
 trains. 
 
 From McMinnville to Portland, 50 miles, the track needs better ma- 
 terial of all kinds, and assurances have been given that this section of 
 the road would receive attention at the earliest practicable moment. It 
 is indeed to be hoped that the efforts of the present management may 
 meet with success, in the endeavor to improve and better the property 
 and business of this comi^any. 
 
 The road runs through the rich and productive Willamette Valley, 
 whose soil seems as fertile after years of continuous self-same crop rais- 
 ing, as at the beginning. There is rarely a failure in the crojjs, and the 
 yield is extraordinary. 
 
 Properly managed, although built at a heavy expense, the local and 
 through business of the road, after its junction with the California line 
 should be more than self-supporting. 
 
 From the latest financial returns made to this office, at the date of 
 writing, the following statement is submitted, showing the assets and 
 liabilities, December 31, 1881: 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Firat-mortgage bonds $G, 000, 000 00 
 
 Other funded debt 51,750 00 
 
 Interest on other funded debt . - 20,035 51 
 
 Pay-rolls and vouchers -. 39,724 25 
 
 Bills and accounts payable 1,694,673 38 
 
 Total debt 7,806,183 14 
 
 Capital stock 19,000,000 00 
 
 Total stock and debt 26,806,183 14 
 
 ASSETS. 
 
 Cost of road and fixtures 12,814,147 08 
 
 Equipment -. . 815,764 93 
 
 Real estate 748,878 23 
 
 Cash and material on hand , - 97,314 24 
 
 Bills and accounts receivable * 5,052,523 87 
 
 Total 19,528,628 35 
 
 Profit and loss ("capitalized debt") 7,277,554 79
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 711 
 
 Followiug is a, statement sliowing the eaiiiiutcs and expeusea of the 
 road for the fiscal years ending June 30, 18.S1 and 1882: 
 
 Difference. 
 
 Year cDding i Year ending I 
 
 June30,18K.'. [ June 30. IMl. ' j^^„^^^„^ 
 decrease, i 
 
 EAKNIXGS. 
 
 Passeneer 
 
 rieifjht 
 
 Mail 
 
 ExproHD 
 
 Miecellincous 
 
 Total 
 
 EXPENSES. 
 
 Transportation 
 
 M.aintenauco of way 
 
 Motive power 
 
 Maintenance of cara 
 
 General expenses aud taxes 
 
 Total 
 
 Ket earnings 
 
 Average miles operated . . . . 
 
 Earnings per mile , 
 
 Expenses per mile 
 
 Not earnings per iiiilo 
 
 m7,^->6 29 
 o:t2, 590 27 
 24,513 73 
 13, fcOO 00 
 40, 700 56 
 
 935, 177 85 
 
 109, 103 75 
 
 403, 799 84 
 
 86, 480 78 
 
 :i3,4I8 23 
 
 76, 944 46 
 
 709, 747 00 
 
 225, 430 79 
 
 310 
 
 $3, 016 70 
 2, 289 50 
 
 727 20 
 
 3:n, 1:10 40 
 
 22, 686 87 
 13, 050 00 
 15, 397 83 
 
 C14, 783 82 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Per 
 cent^ 
 
 f232, 512 72 Increww . . fRR, 045 67 
 
 I iicrease . 
 iDure.tso . , 
 Increase . , 
 Incrcaro . . 
 
 Increase . , 
 
 201, 402 87 
 
 1, 820 80 
 
 750 00 
 
 31, 308 73 
 
 320, 394 03 
 
 37, 940 96 
 203, 003 20 
 63, 746 44 
 20, 388 33 
 106, 200 84 
 
 491, 279 83 
 
 123, 503 99 
 
 281. 33 
 
 $2, 185 27 
 1, 746 27 
 
 439 00 
 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 InoreMe . . 
 Increase.. 
 Deci«a8e . 
 
 Increase . . 
 
 Increase . 
 
 Increase . 
 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 
 Increase . 
 
 11,162 79 
 
 200, 796 Ml 
 
 22, 734 84 
 
 13, 029 9<) 
 
 29, 256 38 
 
 218, 4G7 23 
 
 1831 Alt 
 543 23 
 
 288 20 
 
 36.57 
 
 60. 5.i 
 
 a 05 
 
 5.74 
 
 203.33 
 
 52.11 
 
 11.89 
 98.91 
 35.82 
 63.90 
 27.64 
 
 44.46 
 
 lOU 926 SO I 82. 52 
 
 28. 67 I 10. 19 
 
 .S8.04 
 31.10 
 
 MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 This "system" is composed of the following roads, each of whicli will 
 be treated of in their respective order, so far as they may come within 
 the pnrview of this bureau: 
 
 Mili'8. 
 Missouri Pacific Railway : 
 
 Maiu Hue, Saiut Louis to Omaha 4% 
 
 Brauclies aud exteusious 512 
 
 Total Missouri Pacific proper 1,008 
 
 Missouri, Kansas ami IVxas Kailway : 
 
 Maiu line, Hannibal to Denison '>T.'> 
 
 Brauehcs and exteusious 7'J»'> 
 
 i,:uii 
 
 Central Uranch Union Pacific: 
 
 Maiu line, Ateliisou to Leuora '-."■'• 
 
 Brauclies aud exteusious '.'■'» 
 
 — 3a-< 
 
 Total main line, lnanclies, and divisions 2, C'.»7 
 
 In addition to tin- above, there is eiubraced in tho "system" aiul controlled by tlio 
 management the ioih)\viuj!;: 
 
 Saint Loni.s, Iron Mountain and Soulhern Railway: 
 
 Main line, 8aint Louis tt) Texarkana I'.'il 
 
 Branches aud extensions SM 
 
 — two 
 
 Texas and Pacific Railway: 
 
 Texarkana to Kl V-.ttin Sii'.) 
 
 Eastern division branches '/TI' 
 
 New Orleans division Xl'2 
 
 I,4t0
 
 712 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 luteniational and Great Northern llailroad (not aided either iu laudB or bonds): 
 
 Gulf division, Longview to Houston 232 
 
 Branches and divisions 118 
 
 350 
 
 San Antonio Division : 
 
 Main line, Palestine to Laredo 415 
 
 Round Rock to Georgetown 10 
 
 425 
 
 775 
 
 Total mileage emhracedin system 5,772 
 
 MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY. 
 
 The company to whicli the Missouri Pacific was successor was in- 
 corporated by charter approved March 12, 1849, under the name of the 
 Pacific Kaih'oad Company, with a capital of $10,000,000 to build a road 
 from Saint Louis to Jefferson City, and thence to the western boundary 
 of the State. 
 
 To aid in the construction of this work Congress made a grant of 
 land equal to 3,840 acres to the mile — in all 1,161,204 acres. 
 
 The southwest branch was taken possession of by the State in 1866, 
 for non-payment of interest on subsidy granted by the State ($7,000,000), 
 and sold to the Atlantic and Pacific Eailroad Company, which com- 
 pany, in 1872, leased the line of the original company. 
 
 The two roads were operated under one management until 1876, when 
 the Pacific road was sold under process of foreclosure of the third 
 mortgages and conveyed to the present company. 
 
 The main line from Saint Louis to Kansas City was gone over on the 
 regular trains, and no particular chance to make detailed observations 
 was accorded. 
 
 The line'>from Kansas City to Omaha, on the west side of the Missouri, 
 had just been completed when passed over by the ofiflcw-s of this bureau. 
 Good rails and ties were used, but the grading and ballasting (with 
 " gumbo ") should be covered with a liberal depth of gravel or broken 
 rock to bring the track up to a fair and safe standard. 
 
 No reports have been received from the company on the business 
 and condition of this road, but only reports for the Missouri, Kansas, 
 and Texas ; Central Branch Union Pacific, and Saint Louis Iron Moun- 
 tain and Southern. The Texas and Pacific Company make an annual 
 sworn report as required by law, a copy of which is printed as Ap- 
 pendix 13. 
 
 MISSOURI, KANSAS AND TEXAS RAILWAY (KANSAS AND TEXAS DIVIS- 
 ION). 
 
 This road, which has now lost its identity, is operated by the Mis- 
 souri Pacific as its " Kansas and Texas Division." Inspection was 
 made in May last of onlv a part of the road fi'om Sedalia, Mo., to Vinita, 
 Ind. T. 
 
 On the land-grant portion the maximum grade is 61 feet to the mile, 
 the sharpest curve being onlj' five degrees. A few miles are ballasted 
 with stone, but the principal part of the road is kept up in fair shape 
 with earth. Some steel rails, of 52 pounds to the yard, have been 
 placed ill the track, and the cross-ties are principally of cedar and oak. 
 
 The bridges are apparently liglit, although well protected by inner 
 iron guard rails, the approaches being well and solidly filled iu with 
 rock ballast. Those which have been rebuilt are very good, and of a
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 
 
 713 
 
 better and more substantial character. Station buildings are mostly 
 ordinary wooden structures, but are sufficient for the present business. 
 The road having been absorbed by the Missouri Pacific system, re- 
 ports to this office have only been made as to its eaiuiugs and ex- 
 penses, from which the following statement is comi)iled: 
 
 Comparative statements of earnings and expenses. 
 
 
 Fiscal year end- 
 ing Juue M, 
 
 1882. 
 
 Fiscal year end- 
 ing June 30, 
 1881. 
 
 DiflVrence. 
 
 
 Increase or 
 decrease. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 EAKKIXGS. 
 
 Passenger ^ 
 
 Preight ................ 
 
 $1,314,669 24 
 
 4, 304, 570 81 
 
 135,507 79 
 
 105, 035 88 
 
 66,701 26 
 
 $879, 195 13 
 
 3, 272, 050 70 
 
 119,010 a 
 
 67, 675 00 
 
 58,631 76 
 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . 
 Increase . . 
 Increase .. 
 Increase . . 
 
 $.3.'!5.474 11 
 
 1,032. S'JO 11 
 
 16.4'j: 14 
 
 a7,360 hS 
 
 8, 009 50 
 
 38.15 
 ai. 55 
 
 MaU 
 
 13.|<« 
 
 Express 
 
 55.20 
 
 MiBcelIa:ne«aB „ 
 
 13.76 
 
 Total 
 
 5, 826, 484 98 
 
 4, 396, 563 24 
 
 Increase . 
 
 1,429,921 74 
 
 32. S2 
 
 
 
 EXFEXSEB. 
 
 1, 021, 202 27 
 
 1,358,713 30 
 
 1, 016, 404 71 
 
 339, 030 11 
 
 118,325 53 
 
 590, 959 24 
 682, 578 85 
 629, 088 48 
 239, 580 14 
 117,007 31 
 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 
 Increase . 
 
 430, 243 03 
 696, 134 45 
 387,316 23 
 99,449 97 
 1. 318 22 
 
 72.80 
 
 Maintenance of Tray 
 
 105.06 
 61. r« 
 
 
 41.51 
 
 
 1.12 
 
 
 
 Total op^rRting 
 
 3, 853, 675 92 
 
 2,239,214 02 
 
 Increase . 
 
 1, 614, 461 90 
 ~l84, 540 18 
 
 72.09 
 
 
 
 Net earnings 
 
 1, 972. 809 06 
 
 2, 157, 349 22 
 
 Decrease 
 
 a55 
 
 Average miles operated ........ 
 
 885 36 
 
 809 04 
 
 Increase . 
 
 76 32 
 
 9.43 
 
 
 
 
 6, 580 92 
 4, 352 67 
 
 5.434 29 
 2,7C7 74 
 
 Increase . . 
 Iiicrease . 
 
 1, 146 63 
 1,584 93 
 
 21.09 
 
 Operating expenses per mile 
 
 57.26 
 
 Net earnings per mile 
 
 2,228 25 
 
 2,666 55 
 
 Decrease.. 
 
 438 30 
 
 16.43 
 
 SAINT LOUIS, IRON MOUNTAIN AND SOUTHERN RAILWAY. 
 
 This company was formed in 1S74 by the consolidation of tlie Saint 
 Louis and Iron Mountain ; the Arkansas Branch; the Cairo and Fultou, 
 and the Cairo, Arkansas and Texas railroads. 
 
 During the past year the greater part of the capital stock of the 
 Saint Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railroad Company was pur- 
 chased by the Missouri Pacific Kailioad Company, tlirce sbarc.-< of the 
 latter being exchanged for four of the former. The object of this pur- 
 chase is to eftect an ultimate consolidation of the two (:onii)anies. 
 
 The gauge was formerly 5 feet, but was changed to the standard 4 
 feet 8i inches, on June 29, 1879. 
 
 The road was gone over in the latter part of last May ; track was 
 good, but in some places very much out of line, owing to long and heavy 
 rains. Where no rock or gravel was used, the dirt road bed was very 
 much softened and had been washed away in many places. 
 
 It is the intention of the company to ballast the entire line as rapidly 
 as possible with stone or gmvel ; also to increase the present uuuiber 
 of cross-ties to 3,000 per mile. 
 
 The greater portion of the road is laid with COpoimd steel rails, and 
 split rail switches are used. 
 
 The bridges are well protected with wooden guard rails, and the 
 approaches to the same are solidly filled in with rock ballast.
 
 714 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The itrincipal freight traffic of the road consiats of cottou and iron 
 ore shipiiientH. 
 
 Tlie Hot iSi)riiig.s Eailroad, 3^ foetgauffe, ruuiiiug from Malvern to Hot 
 Springs, Ark., was gone over. The track is good, rolling stock fair, and 
 business profitable. The road, which is only 2."> miles long, has good 
 working arrangements with the Iron Mountain Koad, and although 
 operated separately is classed as a branch of it. The trathc over this 
 short line is reported as being good the year round. 
 
 Two hundred and sixty-five acres of land (which includes all of the 
 hot springs) are reserved by the government. 
 
 On June 30, 1882, Congress appropriated the sum of $100,000 for the 
 erection of an Army and Navy hosi)ital on the government reservation 
 at or near the Hot Springs. An ai)propriation was also made for the 
 improvement of Hot Springs Creek, and for other imi)rovemeuts upon 
 the Hot Springs Mountain Reservation. 
 
 These celebrated sj)ring8, in which the government has a large inter- 
 est, attract a large passenger trafidc over the road, which, with a very 
 considerable cotton shipment, renders it an important feeder to the 
 main stem. 
 
 Heavy rains just before the inspection had caused serious washouts 
 of track and bridges, which were being promptly repaired. 
 
 The foUoiving statement has been compiled from monthly reports rendered to this office by the 
 Missouri Pacific Company, showing the earnings and expenses for the years ending June30, 
 1881 and 1882, of the Saint Louis, Iron Alountain and Southern Railuay. 
 
 
 Tear ending 
 June 30, 1882. 
 
 Tear ending 
 June 30, 1881. , 
 
 Difference. 
 
 
 Increase or 
 decrease. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 EAliXlXOS. 
 
 $1, 447, 535 G5 
 
 5, 501, 914 95 
 
 145, 308 35 
 
 IGl, 027 72 
 
 95, 326 98 
 
 $J, 437, 540 86 
 
 5, 143, 780 80 
 
 108, 040 52 
 
 164, 838 34 
 
 128, 339 88 
 
 Increase 
 
 Increase 
 
 Inerea.se 
 
 Decrease.... 
 Decrease 
 
 $9, 994 79 
 
 358, 134 15 
 
 37, 207 83 
 
 3,810 62 
 
 33, 012 90 
 
 .69 
 
 Freight 
 
 6. to 
 
 Mail 
 
 34.49 
 
 
 2.31 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 25.72 
 
 Tota,l 
 
 7, 351, 113 65 
 
 6, 982, 540 40 
 
 Increase 
 
 368, 573 25 
 
 5.27 
 
 
 
 EXPENSES. 
 
 1, 327, 928 21 
 
 1, 352, 150 18 
 
 961, 671 97 
 
 291, 454 04 
 
 252, 367 46 
 
 1,412,963 25 
 
 1, 683, 693 67 
 
 1, 029, 772 b9 
 
 328, 191 14 
 
 227, 899 71 
 
 Decrease — 
 Decrease.... 
 
 Decrease 
 
 Decrease — 
 Increase .... 
 
 85, 035 04 
 331, 543 49 
 68, 100 92 
 36, 737 10 
 24,467 75 
 
 6.01 
 
 
 19.68 
 
 
 6.61 
 
 
 11.19 
 
 
 10.73 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 4, 185, 571 86 
 
 4, 682, 520 66 
 
 Decrease — 
 Increase — 
 
 496, 948 80 
 
 10.61 
 
 
 
 
 3, 165, 541 79 
 
 2, 300, 019 74 
 
 865, 522 05 
 
 37.63 
 
 
 
 
 713. 83 
 
 68t. 50 
 
 Increase 
 
 29.33 
 
 4.28 
 
 
 
 
 $10, 298 12 
 5, 863 54 
 
 $10, 200 93 
 6, 640 79 
 
 Increase 
 
 Decrease 
 
 $97 19 
 977 25 
 
 .95 
 
 
 14.28 
 
 
 
 
 4, 434 58 
 
 3, 360 14 
 
 Increase 
 
 1, 074 44 
 
 31.98 
 
 
 
 OiENTBAL BRANCH tJNION PACIFIC. 
 
 This road was originally organized under the corporate title of the 
 Atchison and Pike's Peak Eailroad Company, February 11, 1859. It 
 was i)rovided for as one of the branches of the Union Pacific in the act 
 incorporating that company, and received a grant of lands from the 
 United States amounting to 245,100 acres, of which 187,007.99 have 
 been patented.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 716 
 
 In addition to tliin, tini jfovcrunient loaueil the couipauy bonds to the 
 amount ofdl,GU(),(»00, or *1(;,()00 p«'r mile from Atchison to Waterville, 
 KanH., a distance of 100 mih^s. 
 
 The load piiicticaTly lieh^nfjs to the Union I'acitic Kail way Company, 
 but is operated by the Missonii Pacific as its " Central Branch Division.'' 
 
 Insi^ection of this ])i'operty vrns made during the hitter part of AugiiHt 
 last. 
 
 The line owned and operated is 100 miles in length, tVoni Atchison to 
 Waterville, Kans., in addition to whicli there are leased of the Atchison, 
 Colorado and Pacific Railroad Company 'jrn'.-'J miles, and of the Atchi- 
 son, Jewell County and Western Kaili\ia«l C«nni>any, .'{■{. s miles, making 
 a total of 380.1 miles. 
 
 The road runs through a comparatively new country, which is being 
 settled uj) gradually. Improvements on the line are rather meager; 
 the rails are all of iron, but in some prices old chairs are being rephice«l 
 with splice bars. 
 
 The equipment of this division consists of 31 engines, 15 i>asscnger 
 cars, 8 bajrgage, mail, and expi-ess cars, and 578 freight ears. The follow- 
 ing imi>rovements have l)een made during tht^ year: !Nine miles of tnu-k 
 were ballasted with stone and 11 miles witli gravel; 38 miles of new 
 iron rails were laid ; 2 miles of new side tracks put in, and the masonry 
 of 21 culverts renewed. On !Sei)tembcr 30, 1882, there were 20 miles of 
 rock and lOi miles of gravel ballast in the subsidized portion of the 
 road. 
 
 Fourteen wooden Howe truss bridges, aggregating a length of 1,420 
 feet single track, one of 54 feet, double track, and one iron three girder, 
 double-track bridge of 54 feet are the principal features relative to 
 bridging. 
 
 From reports rendered the following statement has been prepared, 
 showing the earnings and expenses of the subsidy portion of the line: 
 
 Tear ending 
 
 JunoHu, 1S*<2. 
 
 EAUMSi.S. 
 
 Passenger 
 
 Ficiglil 
 
 Mail 
 
 Express 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Total 
 
 EXPEX6ES. 
 
 Transportation 
 
 Muint<'Dsincu of way , 
 
 Motive j»o wer 
 
 Mnintcnaucu of cars 
 
 Geueral rspenses nn<l taxes. 
 
 Total 
 
 Net earnings 
 
 Average miles operated 
 
 Earnings per niilo 
 
 Expenses per mile 
 
 Net earnings per mile 
 
 $111,080 11 
 
 3ii9, con TiO 
 
 11,842 44 
 
 -.i, lot 23 
 17,4SO 82 
 
 453,111 10 
 
 Yenr ending 
 
 June ao.it^ti. 
 
 893, 737 07 
 381,900 40 
 
 11, 34-2 43 
 2, 332 .13 
 
 IS. 769 77 
 
 UilluteUCO. 
 
 Increase or 
 decrease 
 
 Increase . 
 Decrease 
 
 Amount. 
 
 117,843 04 
 72, 3r.6 90 
 
 luci-easo ..I 
 Increase . .' 
 
 771 70 
 1,711 05 
 
 505, 142 22 I Decrcasw 
 
 73, .11 7 2-1 
 12.\ 248 Ki 
 1)4,727 93 
 27,414 y« 
 H, 19.' U'J 
 
 M, 045 07 
 114, r>25 55 
 88,758 74 
 22, 187 17 
 12,381 33 
 
 320, 2U1 04 
 
 Inrrcaiie . . i 
 Increase ..I 
 I'lcrpiwo ..' 
 Inert aso .., 
 Derrcaao .1 
 
 9, 272 10 
 10.723 28 
 .V974 19 
 
 :>. rjo 8a 
 
 3, 8X8 34 
 
 Iucr«^allo . . 
 
 123, 910 OU 
 
 301,802 86 
 
 303, 249 36 i Decre«H« 
 
 27,308 18 
 
 Per 
 cent 
 
 19.03 
 18. M 
 
 33.06 
 10. K 
 
 62, U31 12 10. 30 
 
 14.47 
 9 36 
 6.73 
 23. Uo 
 31.40 
 
 9.04 
 
 79, 830 30 I 39. 03 
 
 100.00 
 
 "$4,"Mi'ir 
 3, 292 01 
 
 irn rni 
 
 1,239 10 
 
 2, 082 4* DeoreM0 
 
 718 89 tS9. U3
 
 716 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 TEXAS AND PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 Chartered in LS.'JS by tlie State of New York under the title of Atlan- 
 tic and Pacific, changed to Texas Western; afterwards, in 185G, to the 
 Southern Pacific; and on March 3, 1871, the Congress of the United 
 States approved an act chartering the company under its present title. 
 
 The present com])any acquired the properties of the Southern Pacific, 
 the Southern Transcontinental, and the Memphis, El Paso, and Pacific 
 Eailroad Companies. 
 
 The Southern Pacific Eailroad Company was a consolidation of the 
 Yicksburg, Shreveport and Texas, chartered in Louisiana, and the 
 Southern Pacific, organized under tiie laws of Texas. That portion of 
 the line in Louisiana, about 20 miles, was built by the Vicksburg, 
 Shreveport and Texas Company ; the section of the road from the east 
 line of Texas to Longview, Tex., about 40 miles, by the Southern Pacific 
 Company. The rest of the line in Texas was built by the present com- 
 pany. 
 
 The capital stock authorized is $50,000,000, of which $28,127,700 has 
 been issued and paid up. 
 
 The act of March 3, 1871, section 13, requires that the president of 
 the company shall annually make a sworn statement to the Secretary 
 of the Interior, exhibiting the financial condition, receipts and expen- 
 ditures, number of miles of road constructed, &c. This report has 
 been received, a copy of which is submitted as Appendix 13. 
 
 The operations of this company during the year ending June 30, 1882, 
 have been extensive in the enlargement and addition to its property, 
 as evidenced by the fact that during that period 569 miles of track have 
 been built, showing at the close of the fiscal year 1,389.87 miles of road; 
 also in adding to the equipment 37 engines, 18 passenger cars, 933 freight 
 cars; showing the equipment on June 30, 1882, to be 121 engines, 85 
 passenger and 2,942 freight cars, and 51 miscellaneous cars. 
 
 There is a decided improvement in the appearance of the new track 
 over the older portion, better material being used, and a wiser intelli- 
 gence exercised in its construction. The road extends as far west as 
 Sierra Blanca, Texas, from which point it has the use of the joint track 
 of the Southern Pacific and the Galveston, Harrisburg and San An- 
 tonio Companies to El Paso, a distance of 92 miles. 
 
 The road generally passes through a fine stock-grazing country, until 
 within some one hundred miles east of the Guadalupe Mountains, where 
 the soil is barren and dry, with large quantities of alkali upon the sur- 
 face. The want of good water is severely felt over a considerable por- 
 tion of the road, but an eflbrt to overcome this is being made by sinking 
 artesian wells. On the western division of the road water has to be 
 carried on tank-cars for long distances for supplying engines. 
 
 Much trouble is experienced on account of the water being so heavily 
 charged with alkali, which not onlj' causes the boiler to "foam" so 
 badly that the engineer cannot ascertain the height of the water, conse- 
 quently imperiling the safety of the train, but creates a deposit on the 
 tubes which renders it diflScult to raise steam sufficient for heavy trains 
 and makes it necessary to clean them after every round tri]i. It also 
 destroys t]»e iron tubes, causing great inconvenience an,d expense. Many 
 of the roads are making experiments with a view of testing the expe- 
 diency of substituting copper for iron in the construction of boilers. 
 
 The couutrj^ along the line of the new road is rapidly developing. 
 One town, Colorado, in Mitchell County, where less than two years ago 
 there was not a house, now claims 1,000 inhabitants, and is the largest 
 live-stock shipping j)oint on the road.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 717 
 
 The equipment of the ox)mpany is entirely insufficient for the accommo- 
 dation of its business. Many train loads of grain from California are 
 being shipped over this newly opened line, the traffic calling for more 
 cars than the supply. Live stock is being driven in from ranches for 
 hundreds of miles, and awaiting facilities for shipment. Hundreds of 
 car-loads of grain were waiting for movement, on account of lack of 
 sufficient motive power. Kvery wheel on the road is in constant demand, 
 and the volume of business seems to be limited only by the facilities for 
 taking care of it. 
 
 It is proposed to increase the equipment as rapidly as possible, until 
 a sufficient amount shall have been obtained to enable the company to 
 handle with dispatch the rapidly increasing freights offered for ship- 
 ment. Convict labor in gangs of from 50 to 100, white and colored, is 
 employed by contract with the lessees of the State prison, and road- 
 masters say that they work well, as compared with other section labor, 
 which is mostly colored. They receive the regular rate of pay, ?. e., 
 $1.15 per day. The lessees of whom they are hired, guard and feed 
 them, whilst the railroad foreman or superintendent directs the work. 
 
 Land grant. — By a general law of Texas this road, in common with 
 others in the State, is entitled to a land grant of 16 sections (10,240 
 acres) to the mile. 
 
 The act of Mai'ch 3, 1871, granted the company 40 sections per mile 
 in the Territories, and 20 sections per mile in California; but the Texas 
 and Pacific Railway Company has as yet constructed no road in the 
 Territories or the State of Calilbrnia. 
 
 From the sworn statement of the company heretofore mentioned, the 
 following showing of the financial condition on Juno 30, 1882, is sub- 
 mitted : 
 
 Financial condition of the Ttxa* and Pacific Bailtcay Company, June 30, 1882. 
 
 Capital stock : 
 
 Authorized §50.000,000 00 
 
 Issued 28,127,700 00 
 
 Full paid ti--*, 127,700 00 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 First niortf;;asc, eafitem division bonds $3,0(19,000 00 
 
 Con8olidat(<l eastern diviuion bouiln 1>, KU.OOO 00 
 
 Income and land ^rant eastern division bonds H, 784,0<10 00 
 
 First mortfiaRe, Rio Grande divinion 13,02H,000 Oft 
 
 Old land bonds 62,000 dO 
 
 :U. 374, 000 00 
 
 First mortgage New Orleans Pacific bon(l« 0,270,000 On 
 
 School fund loan, State of Texas 174.r.lH Hi 
 
 Fractional bond scrip, income bonds 17, 3"«2 71 
 
 Interest scrip income and land bonds, redeemable only in capital 
 
 stock or land ". y44,200 00 
 
 Fractional land scrip JI,3r>4 •)♦> 
 
 Old interest scrip ;'>95 00 
 
 l.lMacW) 
 
 Accrued interest on bonds to Jnly 1, l^^Z 40."), 2t».'i (Hi 
 
 Coupon New Orleans Pacific bou("l» due July, 1, l-^C* 12U,t>0 M 
 
 Total debt 42.977,lir> (>1 
 
 Capitalstock 2.'<.127,700 (K) 
 
 Total stock and debt 71,104,815 61
 
 718 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 A8SHTS. 
 
 Securities in treasury $1 , 14 1, 531 06 
 
 VnHb in treasury ../. 120,102 05 
 
 iMateriiil uu liaml ;540, 111 61 
 
 AccountH receivable $774,928 47 
 
 Less accounts payable 376, 009 07 
 
 IWa, 919 40 
 
 Capital stock New Orleans Pacific Railway Company 6, 130,200 00 
 
 Construction accounts representing 1,050 milea of constructed and I 
 
 equipped road 51,539,539 18' 
 
 Property account, real estate, &c 41, 361 72 ' 
 
 59,711,765 02' 
 
 Deficit 11,393,050 59 
 
 Also, about 4,793,885 acres of land in the State of Texas, a portion only of whicli 
 has been valued. 
 
 Receipts from all aouraes, and how applied, for the year ending June 30, 1882. 
 
 By amount on hand June 30, 1861 $664,699 79 
 
 By receipts from — 
 
 Freight 3,165,724 67 
 
 Passengers 982,160 63 
 
 Mails 8.'), 204 46 
 
 Express 93,306 97 
 
 Rentals 49,930 89 
 
 Traffic contracts 1:59, :593 02 
 
 Miscellaneous 13, 284 98 
 
 Interest 459,675 00 
 
 Bonds, &c 6,650,069 00 
 
 Capital stock 13,202,700 00 
 
 Land accounts 329,010 91 
 
 Accounts, collectible 41,122 42 
 
 Total *. 25,876,282 74 
 
 To payments for — 
 
 Conducting transportation 977,225 43 
 
 Motive power 1,379,911 13 
 
 Maintenance of way 1,280,130 85 
 
 Maintenance of cars 283,107 41 
 
 General expenses 156, 660 02 
 
 Taxes 51,920 04 
 
 Rentals 22,875 00 
 
 Interest on bonds 1,637,085 00 
 
 Property and franchises 11,121,892 80 
 
 Bonds and stocks 2,886, 774 56 
 
 Premium and discount 682,886 41 
 
 Car service l 7f^,114 50 
 
 Sundry accounts : 4, 153, 028 23 
 
 Balance on hand June 30, 1882: 
 
 Cash $120,102 05 
 
 Material 340,111 61 
 
 Due from buudriea 703, 8r>7 TO 
 
 1,164,07136 
 
 25,876,282 74
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 719 
 
 Comparative statement of earnintfs and expenses for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1881 
 
 and 1.5'^vS, respectively. 
 
 Tear pn<liiis 
 Juue 3u, iigri. 
 
 KARNIMGB. 
 
 Passenger 
 
 Freiijlit 
 
 Mai) 
 
 Express 
 
 MisceUaneoas 
 
 Total 
 
 EXPF-N6K8. 
 
 Transportation 
 
 Maintenance of way 
 
 Motive power 
 
 Maintenance of cars 
 
 General ezpeniies and taxes 
 
 Total. , 
 
 Net earnings 
 
 Average miles operated 
 
 Earnings per mile 
 
 Exprneus per mile 
 
 Net earnings per mile. . 
 
 $n«>2, IfiO B3 
 
 8,3ns, 117 6U 
 
 Hr>, 'J04 46 
 
 on, 3M 97 
 
 C'J, 215 87 
 
 Difference. 
 
 Year ending I 
 
 June 30, 1881. iT„^,„..„„, 
 llncreaiieor 
 
 decrease. 
 
 $712, S93 73 Inrreaoe . 
 
 a, 500, ()«;t 2« Increase . 
 
 54,4!<0 77 I Increase. 
 
 40,245 10 lucreaso. 
 
 23, 7B5 30 : Increase . 
 
 4, 529, 005 62 3, 331, 168 18 1 Increase . 
 
 Amount. 
 
 f 3A0. VK M 
 Wj5, 034 43 
 3'J, 723 «0 
 5.3,061 87 
 3U, 450 hi 
 
 1, 1U7, 837 4« 
 
 1, 055, 339 03 
 
 1,280,130 85 
 
 1,370,911 18 
 
 2r!:i, 107 41 
 
 231, 455 06 
 
 675,907 19 
 I, 009, 457 59 
 615,110 00 
 198,951 M 
 208, 960 31 
 
 4, 429, !IH 3H | 2, 768, 876 73 
 
 Increase . 
 IniTuuse . 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 lucreaso . 
 
 Increase . 
 
 99,061 24 
 
 562,701 43 { Decrease 
 
 379, 432 74 
 210,673 26 
 764. Hil 13 
 84.155 77 
 22, .'104 75 
 
 1,661,567 65 
 
 463,730 19 
 
 1,093. 00 
 
 $4, 147 44 
 
 4, 056 73 
 
 80 71 
 
 602.00 I Increase. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent. 
 
 37.82 
 
 33.20 
 
 &<i.88 
 
 131.84 
 
 186.00 
 
 85.95 
 
 56.13 
 10. 00 
 
 124.33 
 42.29 
 10.76 
 
 00.01 
 
 82.41 
 
 400. 00 81. 30 
 
 $5, 533 50 I Decrease 
 4, 598 63 I Decrease 
 
 934 87 Decro.ise 
 
 «1,S8« 06 
 
 541 00 
 
 35.04 
 1L76 
 
 844 16 I 003.60 
 
 Whilst pross earnings show an increaso of 35.05 per ccntnni over the 
 year previous, the net earnings have deereaseil 82.41 per cent., the 
 operating expenses having increased CO per cent. 
 
 The secretary of the company, in a letter accompanying the report, 
 says: 
 
 Permit me to state in this connection tliut tho business of our mad for the year 
 ending June 30, 18&2, was largely taken up witli the transportation of material for 
 the construction of the Rio Graudo division, which, owmq; to th" iniportaiico of c<)m- 
 pleting that part of tho line to .a connection of thf^ .Southern Pacilic at El I'aso ;w 
 gpoedily as possihle, was given the right of way over other trathe and heavily taxed 
 the resources of the road. 
 
 This material wuh charged at less than the cost of its transportation ; the expeusoa 
 of operation therefore appear disproportionately high. 
 
 ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 This company was chartered Jnly 27, ISfJO, for the imiijiosc of con- 
 structing a road on the ':55th parallel from Siiriugficld, Mo., to the I'a- 
 citic Ocean, a distaiuic of about 2,000 miles. 
 
 That portion of the road between Si»riui:lu'1d and the western border 
 line of Missouri is now owned l»y the Haitit Louis and San Fr.uicisco 
 Railway Company. 
 
 The present Atlantic, and raeitie. IJailroad proper i.s being built finm 
 Jsleta, N. Me.\'., we.stwanlly. The operating otlice.s an> locnted at Al- 
 buqueniue, as ar«^ also the ])rineipal shojis and engine hon«e«. Frotu 
 thence t(> Isleta, a di.stanee of 12 miles, the track of the .\fchi.<on, To 
 peka and Santa V6 Company is in joint use. 
 
 To aid in the construction of this ron«l, the f'Ti'«i»| Stiti.*? made a grant
 
 720 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 of land to the coinpauy of 12,800 acres to the mile in tlie States and 
 25,(i00 acres per mile in the Territories, and 550,029.08 acres had been 
 patented to June 30, 1882. 
 
 As stated in last year's report, a tripartite a^eement was entered into 
 in 1880, whereby the road was to be built from Albuquerque westwardly 
 under the auspices of the Atchis^on, Topeka and Santa F6 and the Saint 
 Louis and San Francisco companies — 
 
 Which have entered into a traffic agreement with the Atlantic and Pacific Eaikoad 
 Company, pledging the appropriation of so much of the gross earnings derived from 
 traffic interchanged by each -with the western division of the Atlantic and Pacific 
 Railroad Company, up to 25 per cent, of the same, as may be necessary to meet any 
 deficiency in interest npon the first mortgage 6 per cent, bonds of that company, 
 i/s8ued and to be issue^j to the extent of $25,000 per mile. 
 
 This appropriation is regarded in the nature of a loan, returnable by 
 the Atlantic and Pacific Company with interest. 
 
 The road from Albuquerque to Canon Diablo was gone over in the 
 early part of June, 1882, being a distance of 312 miles, and, for a new 
 track, found to be in excellent condition. 
 
 In some places the course of the stream is being turned by throwing 
 up strong embankments from one to two hundred feet from the track. 
 At the time of making this inspection the beds were all dry, but serious 
 and extensive washouts had occurred, which had, however, been repaired 
 at a cost of some three hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 Just east of Laguna the company had built a fine timber and piling 
 work, supported and braced with stone, to prevent the washing away 
 of the track during the rainy seasons. This was rendered absolutely 
 necessary on account of the very soft soil, which readily yields to the 
 washing of the streams. 
 
 There is a fine, large stone quarry 194 miles from Albuquerque, between 
 Allantown and Sanders stations, which is being vigorously worked by 
 the company, the material being used for ballast and riprapping the 
 banks of the" Bio Puerco Eiver, along which the road runs for a number 
 of miles, and crosses the stream frequently. 
 
 Grass grows abundantly along this valley, and the soil has the appear- 
 ance of being susceptible to farming with good results, but water is 
 very scarce. 
 
 At Bluewater Station, 107 miles out. there is a splendid water-tank, 
 which is supplied by a spring in the hills, 4 miles off. At Cubero they 
 also have a water-tank, which is supplied by springs from the lava-beds 
 just above. At other points along the line are fiine standard tanks, 
 mostly supplied by wells ; but at Winslows, 286 miles out, a well has 
 been driven 1,200 feet without finding any water. 
 
 The company is erecting first-class station houses, 2 stories high, with 
 conveniences for living in the upper portion, the object being to prepare 
 for the accommodation of business, and to induce married men to enter 
 the service as agents, bringing their families with them. 
 
 Over one year ago the company was buying its coal at the Atchison, 
 Topeka and Santa F6 Railroad Company's mines near Eaton, IT. Mex., 
 at a cost of about $8.75 per ton, but efforts to secure a supply of fael from 
 mines along the company's own line of road proved eminently successful, 
 and they are now getting their entire fuel supply from mines near Fort 
 Wingate, at a maximum cost of $4.50 per ton. 
 
 Thus far the mines have been worked by private parties, and the coal 
 hauled to the track by wagon, but it is thought that by building short 
 spur tracks to these mines the prico will be considerably reduced.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 721 
 
 Considerable terminal improvements have been made at Albuquerque 
 during the year, consisting in part of a two-story general office build- 
 ing of adobe, with fire-proof vaults of large capacity (the interior of the 
 building is handsomely finished and furnishe<l), a machine-shop 12o by 
 125, a blacksmith-shop 80 by 125, a store-house, an oil-house, and an 
 engine-house (six stalls), all built of stone with slate or iron roofs. 
 
 At the time this inspection was made, the company had on hand and 
 ready for immediate use 20,000 tons of SGpound steel rails, and 475,000 
 cross-ties. Two hundred miles of track were graded and rea<ly for 
 rails and ties, west of Cafion Diablo, and a 300-foot tunnel completed. 
 
 The change in location and plans of the bridge at this noted chasm 
 delayed the delivery of the iron work, and the bridge was not com- 
 pleted until the latter part of June or beginning of July. Since it-s 
 completion the company has forwarded material and rapidly extended 
 it« track 9G miles beyond Canon Diablo, leaving a gap from there to 
 "The Needles," on the Colorado River, of 157 miles, where it is exi)ecte<^l 
 to connect with the Atlantic and Pacific branch of tlie Southern Pacific 
 Railroad, now being rapidly constructed from Mojave ea.st. 
 
 The bridge across Cailon Diablo is a fine structure, and reflects much 
 credit on the builders. It is a deck-bridge, comi)osed of plate-iron 
 girders resting upon trestle bents, with heavy columns of channel-iron, 
 stBongly braced. 
 
 The sides of the caSon are of solid limestone, from which the material 
 for the masonry work was obtained, and these stone foundations pre- 
 sent a picture of perfect workmanship. The masonry was done by the 
 company's men, the iron work by contract. 
 
 The base of the rail is 222| feet above the bottom of the canon; the 
 total length of the bridge is 541 feet, composed of 11 spans, one 30 feet, 
 one 30^ feet, six 40 feet, one 40J feet, and two 100 feet each. There are 
 1,489 cubic yards of cut-stone masonry, strongly bonded and laid in 
 cement, and 39^ yards of concrete. The cost of the bridge and masonry 
 is about $200,000. 
 
 The President of the United States has at diflferent times appointed 
 commissioners to examine sections of the completed road, and 200 miles, 
 or 8 sections of 25 miles each, have been examined and accepted. Com- 
 missioners have recently been appointed, and will probably examine 200 
 miles more. 
 
 The company reports to this office its financial condition on June 30, 
 1882, as follows: 
 
 Old coMtruction, <u8umed January 1, 1860, by new organuatioH, 
 
 I 
 
 LIASILITIES. 
 
 Fnnded debt $l,a?6,.'i34 00 
 
 BillH payable fWl.tifi;? i?3 
 
 Other obligations t<34,86l 26 
 
 Total debt 3,5(0,079 09 
 
 Capital stock 19,7riO,:WO 00 
 
 Total stock and debt 23,203,379 09 
 
 ASSFTS. 
 
 Construction 121,746,834 00 
 
 Acconnts receivable 834, (*H1 20 
 
 Income, or profit and loss 681,663 83 
 
 Total 23,363,379 09 
 
 46 Ab
 
 722 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Work of the reorganization. 
 
 LIA«IUTIKS. 
 
 Funded <lpl»t $20,160,084 00 
 
 Interest on same 1, 8^0 00 
 
 Pay-rolls 17,f)«2 64 
 
 Bills and accounts payable - 1, 116,345 01 
 
 locomo, or profit and loss... 16(5, 509 55 
 
 Total 21,491,451 20 
 
 Capital stock 31,750,000 00 
 
 Total stock and debt 53,241,451 20 
 
 ASSKTS. 
 
 Construction |52,613,560 64 
 
 Cash 469,054 51 
 
 Land department 15, 368 57 
 
 Income, or profit and loss 143,467 48 
 
 Total 53,241,451 20 
 
 Consolidated haldnce-slieet. 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Funded debt |22,155,618 00 
 
 Interest on same 1,830 00 
 
 Pay-rolls 17,682 64 
 
 Bills and accounts payable 1,798,008 84 
 
 Other obligations 834,881 26 
 
 Income, or profit and loss (new) 186, 509 55 
 
 Total 24,994,530 29 
 
 Capital stock 51,510,300 00 
 
 Total stock and debt \ 76,504,830 29 
 
 ASSETS, 
 
 Construction $74,360,394 64 
 
 Cash 469,054 51 
 
 Land department 15, 368 57 
 
 Accounts receivable 834,881 26 
 
 Income, or profit and loss 825, 131 31 
 
 Total 76,504,830 29 
 
 SAINT LOUIS AND SAN FRANCISCO RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 The Saint Louis and San Francisco Eailway Company is successor to 
 the southwest branch of the Pacific Railroad of Missouri, chartered De- 
 cember 25, 1852. 
 
 For the construction of this branch the company received a grant of 
 1,161,235.07 acres of public lands, and the State, in addition, loaned the 
 company $4,500,000 of its bonds. Failure to pay the interest on the 
 same caused the company's southwestern branch to be sold in 1806 for 
 $1,300,000, and conveyed to a new company formed August 17, 1866. 
 The new company failing to comply with its contract in the matter of 
 construction, the road was again sold in 1868 for the sum of $300,000, 
 to purchasers who were incorporated as the South Pacific Railroad Com- 
 pany, which completed the road to Lebanon in 1869, and to Spring- 
 field and Pierce City in 1876. The road was sold to the Atlantic and 
 Pacific Railroad Company in October, 1870, which completed the road 
 to Yinita, Indian Territory, 364 miles from Saint Louis, where it now
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 723 
 
 connects with the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Eailroad (now the Kansas 
 and Texas division of the Missouri Pacific Eailway). 
 
 Aft«r undergoing- a number of changes, ii scheme for the reorganiza- 
 tion of the company', as it at present exists, was entered into, as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 A first preferred stock to be created, to be entitled to 7 per cent, an- 
 nual dividends, after the payment of all expenses, improvements, and 
 interest on funded debt, and to be issued for 84,500,000, or sufficiently 
 to provide for all past due coupons on laud mortgage, second mortgage 
 and income bonds, and unsecured bonds and scrip. 
 
 A second preferred stock of $10,000,000, to be created, entitled to an 
 annual dividend of 7 per cent, after all its expenses, interest, dividend 
 on first preferred stock, and to be exchanged for outstanding preferred 
 stock of Atlantic and Pacific Eailway Company. The $10,500,000 com- 
 mon stock to be exchanged for common stock of the Atlantic and Par 
 cific Company. 
 
 At the annual meeting held in Saint Louis March 14, 1882, the stock- 
 holders voted to approve of the execution of a new $30,000,000 mort- 
 gage, and also authorized the completion of the consolidation of the 
 leased roads with the main line. 
 
 The Saint Louis and San Francisco Eailway Company is equally in- 
 terested with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa ¥6 Eailroad Company 
 in the construction of the Atlantic and Pacific Eailway west from Al- 
 buquerque, N. Mex. 
 
 Inspection of the line fromVinita, Ind.T., was made in May last, and 
 a healthy improvement noticed in track and bridges. 
 
 At the close of 1881 the total miles operated by the company were 695, 
 of which 457| miles were laid with 52 and 56 pound steel rails. 
 
 During 1881, 46i miles of st^el rails, 56 pounds to the yard, were laid 
 in the main line; 102 sets of switch timbers and 67 split switches were 
 placed in the track; also 154,751 new cross-ties were put in. 
 
 Arrangements have been made for an expenditure of $3,000,000 for 
 extending the main line of the road from Pacific Station to Saint Louis, a 
 distance of 37 miles, which will embrace the cost of right of way, build- 
 ing the road, and about $1,000,000 for real projierty and improvements 
 in Saint Louis. The company is at present using the track, between 
 these two points, of the Missouri Pacific Eailway Company. 
 
 It is intended to make the track solid and substantial (67-pound steel 
 rails will be laid and the bridges all constructed of iron), and it is 
 thought that the completion of the work will add largely to the com- 
 pany's revenues and greatly increase its traffic. 
 
 From a detailed general balance sheet sent to this office, the following 
 statement is made, showing the financial condition of the company on 
 June 30, 1882 : 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Funded debt $19,P93,000 00 
 
 Interest on saiiio 439,742 15 
 
 Dividends unpaid 144,749 50 
 
 Pay-rolls and vouchers 264,198 17 
 
 Bills and accounts payable 923,779 >?5 
 
 Total debt 21,r)r^'-.,4«9 ^^7 
 
 Capital stock 2r>,(KX),000 00 
 
 Total stock and debt 4t;, OG'), 4G9 67
 
 724 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 ASSETS. 
 
 Cost of road and equipment - $44,5^3,351 09 
 
 Cash and material on baud 4.">3, 498 64 
 
 Stock and bonds owned 1,<)1R, 008 97 
 
 Accounts and bills receivable 989, iJ50 47 
 
 Total 47,595,009 17 
 
 Surplus 929,539 50 
 
 Tear ending 
 June 30, 1882. 
 
 Passenger 
 
 Freight 
 
 Mail 
 
 Eicpresa 
 
 Mi^ellaneons. 
 
 Total. 
 
 $690, 502 74 
 
 2,331,252 93 
 
 77, 036 79 
 
 59,061 32 
 
 28,417 05 
 
 3, 187, 170 83 
 
 EXFEK6E8. 
 
 Transportation 
 
 Maintenance of way 
 
 Motive power 
 
 Maintenance of cars 
 
 Greneral expenses and taxes. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Net earnings 
 
 Average miles operated . 
 
 Earrings per mile. 
 Expenses per mile 
 
 Net earnings per mile . 
 
 403, 417 59 
 366, 677 58 
 95, ()70 55 
 623, C42 42 
 153, 294 86 
 
 1, 642, 703 00 
 
 Difference. 
 
 Year endijig 
 
 Jnne30,1881. !j„^^^^^„^ 
 
 decrease. 
 
 $539, 638 .'59 
 
 2, 398, 715 49 
 
 C4, 180 83 
 
 51, 378 90 
 
 7, 939 37 
 
 Increase . . 
 Decrease. 
 Increase . 
 Increase . , 
 Increase . 
 
 Amonnt. 
 
 $1.';0, 8G4 15 
 
 67,462 56 
 
 12,855 90 
 
 8, 582 42 
 
 20, 477 08 
 
 3, OGl, 853 18 Increase . 
 
 125, 317 65 
 
 339, 239 98 
 625, 983 96 
 330, 244 04 
 95, ]33 12 
 109, 475 79 
 
 1, 500, 076 89 
 
 1, 544, 467 83 
 
 654.31 
 
 1, 561, 776 29 
 
 587. 91 
 
 Increase . . 
 Decrp,ase..| 
 Decrease. 
 Increase . 
 Inarease . 
 
 64, 177 61 
 259, 306 38 
 234, 573 49 
 528, 509 30 
 
 43, 819 07 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 Increase . 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 Increase . 
 
 142, 626 11 
 
 17, 308 46 
 
 66.40 
 
 27.94 
 
 2.79 
 
 20. 02 
 
 10.70 
 
 257. 93 
 
 4.08 
 
 18.89 
 41. 42 
 71.01 
 55.55 
 40.03 
 
 9.46 
 
 1.08 
 
 $4, 871 04 
 2, 610 59 
 
 $5, 208 03 
 2, 551 54 
 
 Decrease. . 
 Decrease.. 
 
 $336 99 
 40 95 
 
 66. 45 
 1.56 
 
 2,360 45 
 
 2, 656 49 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 11.14 
 
 ATCHISON, TOPEKA AND SANTA F^ KAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 This company was incorporated March 3, 1873; and under the act of 
 Congress approved February 9, 1864, granting lands to the State ol" 
 Kansas, it is estimated bv the General Land Office that it will be en- 
 titled to about 3,005,870 acres. On June 30, 1882, 2,745,938.47 acres 
 had been patented, and the company had sold to December 31, 1881 , 
 1,058,758.53 acres for $6,087,720.03. 
 
 On December 31, 1881, the company was operating 1,789.67 miles of 
 road. 
 
 The rolling stock added during the year was 94 locomotives; 94 
 passenger cars; 3,491 freight cars; 601 hand and push cars; and 10 
 miscellaneous cars, making total equipment at close of 1881, 251 locomo- 
 tives, of which 77 have automatic break attachments ; 194 passenger 
 cars ; 8,796 freight cars ; 1,253 hand and push cars, and 26 miscellaneous 
 cars. 
 
 There were accidents on the road during 1881 resulting in killing or 
 injuring 282 persons, of which number 30 were killed and 252 were in 
 jured. 
 
 The lines of this company have been rapidly increasing, and at thi.s 
 date have been extended from Kincon, K Mex., 52 miles east of Deming,
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 
 
 725 
 
 to El Paso, 77 miles south, where it connects with the Mexican Central 
 Kailway, which is completed as far south as Chihuahua, in Mexico. The 
 company anticipates a profitable business as a result of this connection, 
 the objective point of which is the city of Mexico. 
 
 It has also made running arrangements with the Central Pacific Com- 
 pany for the use of its Southern Pacific track from Deming to Benson, 
 Ariz., a distance of 173 miles, from which point it has constructed 
 its New Mexico and Arizona road, 95 miles south to Los Nogales, on 
 the Mexican boundary line, where it connects with the Sonora Railway, 
 which extends from that point via Hermosillo to Guyamas (270 miles 
 in length), on the Gulf of California, in Mexico. 
 
 A favorable opportunity occurred for obtaining absolute control of 
 the Sonora Railway, of which the directors of the Atchison, Topeka 
 and Santa r6 Company availed themselves, and they believe that the 
 purchase Will prove a very desirable and profitable one in every par- 
 ticular. 
 
 From annual reports rendered to this office for the year ending De- 
 cember 31, 18S1, the following is ascertained: 
 
 Financial condition. 
 
 LIABIUTIES. 
 
 Fixst-mortgage bonds $7,041,000 00 
 
 Other funded debt 13,469,000 00 
 
 Interest on other funded debt 709,386 59 
 
 Dividends unpaid Z^Z''^'^ ^^ 
 
 Bills and accounts payable 5,746,053 31 
 
 Total debt 27,712,874 40 
 
 Capital stock and scrip 47,162,700 00 
 
 Total stock and debt 74,d75,574 40 
 
 ASSETS. 
 
 Cost of road and eqtiipment .^. §09,313,186 46 
 
 Cash and materials on hand .^. -.-• 3,0-21,943 53 
 
 Other stocks and bonds 3, 577,763 2:> 
 
 Due from the United States 834,018 29 
 
 Bills and accounts receivable 4,196,289 82 
 
 Total 80,943,201 35 
 
 Surplus 6,067,626 95 
 
 " Following is a statement showing eaniings and expenses of the road 
 for the year ending June 30, 1882, as compared with the previous year 
 ending June 30, 1881, showing a decided increase in all items : 
 
 
 Tear endlns: 
 Juno 30, 1S8'J. 
 
 Tear ending 
 June 30, 1881. 
 
 
 Difference. 
 
 
 
 Increase or 
 deoreaae. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 EAUNINGB. 
 
 PassenRor ~ 
 
 Preight 
 
 Mail. 
 
 $3,634,023 M 
 
 0,785, )2H 'iO 
 
 240. 602 60 
 
 278,921 04 
 
 80. 970 07 
 
 f2,n2,o«n 3.-; 
 
 7,741,8.52 8!» 
 1.54,072 4!> 
 170.4X5 4-; 
 38,742 4K 
 
 Increase. 
 Increase. 
 Increase. 
 Increase . 
 Increase . 
 
 $1,521,000 20 
 
 2, 043, 275 40 
 
 01,930 11 
 
 108, 435 00 
 
 42, 2a:i 50 
 
 72.01 
 2«.. SO 
 .59. 44 
 
 
 6:i.Gl 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 100 OU 
 
 Total 
 
 14, 02,^ 651 5:i 
 
 10, 217, 810 fl'J ' Increase . 
 
 .! .■1.807,834 00 
 
 37.21 
 
 
 
 1 . . 
 
 — 
 
 " 

 
 726. 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 
 Year ending 
 Juno 30, 1882. 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30, 1881. 
 
 Difference. 
 
 
 Increaso or 
 decrease. 
 
 Amoant. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 F.Xl'ENSIiS. 
 
 Transportation 
 
 $1, on.'-,, 122 47 
 
 4, 054, 303 03 
 
 1, 818, 115 37 
 
 703. 723 32 
 
 307, 195 48 
 
 $1,381,473 33 
 
 2, 470, 471 47 
 
 1,464,048 14 
 
 495, 483 03 
 
 245 aO'J.Sl 
 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 
 $.-.23, 649 14 
 
 1. 583, 021 56 
 
 354,067 23 
 
 298, 240 29 
 
 ai,8»2 67 
 
 .37. 87 
 
 
 64.08 
 
 
 24.18 
 
 Malntfiianco of cars 
 
 General expenses and taxes 
 
 60.19 
 2.j. 19 
 
 Total 
 
 8, 878, 549 67 
 
 6, 056, 778 78 
 
 
 2, 821, 770 89 
 
 46.58 
 
 
 ' ' 
 
 
 
 5, 147, 101 86 4, 161, 037 85 | Increase . . j 98C, 004 01 
 
 23. C9 
 
 
 
 
 1 , 044. 33 1, 526. 75 | Increase . . j 117. 58 
 
 7.66 
 
 
 
 Sarnmga per mile 
 
 $8, 529 70 
 5, 399 49 
 
 $6, 692 52 
 3, 9C7 10 
 
 Increase . . 
 Increase.. 
 
 $1,837 18 
 1, 432 39 
 
 27.45 
 
 Expenses per mile 
 
 36.09 
 
 
 
 Net earniuga per mile 
 
 3, 130 21 j 2, 725 42 I Increase .. 
 
 404 79 
 
 14. d2 
 
 SOUTHEBN PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 NOUTHEKX DIVISION. 
 
 Inspection of tlie property owned and operated by this company was 
 made in July, 1882. 
 
 The length of road owned is 714.15 miles, of which it has leased to 
 the Central Pacific Eailroad Company 553.26 miles, leaving 1G0.89 as 
 operated by this company. 
 
 The road is in excellent condition, and runs through a beautiful por- 
 tion of California, notably that part through the Santa Clara Valley 
 extending from San Francisco for 82 miles to Camadero. Immense 
 farms, yielding richly in grain, line the road on either side, and an extra 
 quality of stock is raised in abundance. 
 
 The main line, which extends from San Francisco to Monterey, 125.1 
 miles, is almost entirely laid with steel rails, iron rails being used on the 
 branches, and is entirely fenced. 
 
 Extensive warehouses, for storing and handling grain, are located at 
 convenient points, and are said to answer all requirements. 
 
 Large buildings of this class are at San Jose, Castroville, and Salinas, 
 the latter being 8G0 feet long by 58 feet wide. 
 
 The Pacific Improvement Company has erected at Monterey the 
 "Hotel del Monte," a large and most admirably appointed hotel, which 
 is situated in the center of beautifully improved grounds, and exten- 
 sive arrangements have been made, at large expense, for supplying the 
 premises with an ami)le quantit^^ of water for irrigating and other pur- 
 poses. A large and commodious bathing-house has also been provided. 
 As the patronage of this resort is not confined to any particular season 
 of the year, the road derives a corresponding increase in its business. 
 A great variety of fish are caught in abundance in Monterey Bay and 
 shipped to San Francisco. 
 
 At Soledad, the terminus of one of the branches, large shipments of 
 stock aie made to San Jose, the principal stock market for that section 
 of til e country. 
 
 Til ere are few bridges upon the road, the principal one being across 
 the Pajaro River, and consists of short trestle approaches to the main 
 structure of two spans, 172 feet each, Howe truss pattern. Work has 
 been commenced for the renewal of this bridge, wliich has been built 
 about six years. 
 
 This company operates a short narrow-gauge road from Pajaro to 
 Santa Cruz, a distance of 22 miles, which was found to be in good con- 
 dition and doing a fair business.
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 727 
 
 There are 22 bridges on this branch, or an average of one per mile, 
 some of them being very high, one 95 feet above the water. Nu guard- 
 rails are used, with the single exception of a two span Uowe truss across 
 a deep ravine, which is being strengthened, and is provided with inner 
 iron guards. It is contemplated to increase this branch to the standard 
 gauge at an early date. 
 
 The northern (livision of the Southern Pacific had ten accidents diiriug 
 the year ending June 30, 3882, resulting in death or injury to ten persons. 
 
 Three employes and four other persons were killed from their own 
 carelessness, and one passenger, one employe, and one other i^erson were 
 injured from their own carelessness and misconduct. 
 
 From reports rendered to this oflice, the following statement of the 
 financial condition of the company on June 30,1882, has been compiled: 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 First-mortgage bonds $28,087,000 00 
 
 Interest on same 25, 8()0 OU 
 
 Pay-rolls and vonchera G4, 7;{y c<i» 
 
 Accounts payable 2 2G0, :!17 it'i 
 
 Total debt :?0,4:i7,8:>7 42 
 
 Capital stock 3G, 7U3, 900 00 
 
 Total stock and debt (TT, 201, 757 42 
 
 A3SKTS. 
 
 Cost of road and fixtures $fi2, 47 1 , 940 Cfi 
 
 Equipment 1, Wi, 91 1 92 
 
 Real estate 642, 'iKii> 74 
 
 Cash and material on baud Iw7,7y7 c2 
 
 Other stocks and bonds 425,000 00 
 
 Due from the United States 3, '.inO 13 
 
 Bills and accounts receivable 2,003,086 48 
 
 Total 68,4:U,0citi 75 
 
 Surplus 1,229,331 33 
 
 The following is a comparative statement of the earnings and ex- 
 penses for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1881 and 1882: 
 
 EABSIX08. 
 
 Passenger 
 
 Freight 
 
 Mail 
 
 Express 
 
 Miscellaneous'' 
 
 Total. 
 
 r.Xl-KNSKS. 
 
 Transportation 
 
 Maiutuiiuiioe of way 
 
 Motive power 
 
 Maioteiinnre of cars 
 
 General expenses and taxes . 
 
 Total 
 
 Kei earnings 
 
 Average miles operated . 
 
 Earnings per mile.. 
 Expenses per iiiilu. . 
 
 Net eamiugs . 
 
 Year ending 
 June 3V. im. 
 
 Year ending 
 
 Juno 30, ma. 
 
 $.502, 200 07 
 654,187 33 
 
 12, 400 56 
 
 13, 502 09 
 1,079,018 89 
 
 $4r)l,782 32 
 
 UU2.434 40 
 
 12,400 50 
 
 12,428 15 
 
 1, C80, 100 40 
 
 2, 8«1, 368 04 I 2, 7S9, 211 89 
 
 343, OM 74 
 167,094 98 
 16fl,738 93 
 4»,C90 14 
 320, 349 09 
 
 231,090 00 
 141,827 04 
 176, 100 r>3 
 44, 575 80 
 
 117,031 W 
 
 Diflbrence. 
 
 Incn^ase or 
 decrease. 
 
 Increa."(e 
 lucreiiso 
 
 Amount. 
 
 fA 417 75 
 ."41,752 93 
 
 Inrreuao ..( 
 Docreasu-.i 
 
 1,133 94 
 1, 147 67 
 
 IncreMe 
 
 102, 107 05 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 11.15 
 
 9.12 
 .00 
 
 8.70 
 
 Tiicroano . 
 lucreaso . 
 Deereiuio 
 IneroHse . 
 Iiici'ea»o . 
 
 II, W7 74 
 
 2'., WJ7 94 
 
 (V 421 00 
 
 :>, 114 28 
 
 203, 318 01 ' 
 
 6.18 
 18, 23 
 
 3. 04 
 11.24 
 
 17X72 
 
 950, 560 78 
 
 710, 694 41 j IncreoAO . 
 
 L 
 
 1, 910, 808 10 2, 048, 517 4* I D«croM«. 
 
 720.96 
 
 726. 00 
 
 ♦3, 036 07 
 1,307 58 
 
 S, 628 40 
 
 $3, 796 .M I luoreoae . 
 977 02 I Increase . 
 
 2. 817 02 ! DcniBM. 
 
 239, 800 37 83. 75 
 
 i:r7, 709 32 I e. 72 
 
 $140 ra 
 yjo 1*6 
 
 189 43 
 
 3.70 
 83.75 
 
 C.73 
 
 * Includes rentals of linos leased to tlio Ciiuiul l'uv.'itlc.
 
 728 PAPEim ACCOMPAKYI^G THK 
 
 SIOUX CITY AND PACmC RAILEOjLD COMPANY. 
 
 Tlie road owned and operated by this company runs from Sioux City, 
 Iowa, to the Missouri Valley .Plinction with the Chicago and Xorth west- 
 ern Railway, thence across the Missouri River to Fremont, Nebr., a 
 distance of 107.42 miles. The company has leased, and is extending, 
 tlie Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad, northwest from 
 Fremont, of which it is now operating 254.37 miles, which, with side- 
 tracks, aggregating 24.9 miles, makes total mileage operated by the 
 company on June 30, 1882, 386.69. 
 
 Of the 107.42 miles owned, as above mentioned, 101.77 miles have 
 been aided by the granting of 41,318.23 acres of laud, all of which have 
 been sold for a sum amounting to $200,000, and also by a loan of United 
 States bonds to the amount of $1,628,320, running for a period of thirty 
 years and maturing in March, 1898 and 1899. The accrued interest on 
 same to June 30, 1882, but which is not due until the maturity of the 
 principal, amounted to $1,366,598.29, making the total debt $2,994,918.29. 
 
 The financial condition and revenues of this corporation have not 
 been and are not now as i)rosperous as could be desired, but the last 
 year's operations and the preparations being made for future movements 
 indicate much greater prosperity, which it is hoped may be realized, 
 but which has not yet been attained. 
 
 The crossing of the Missouri River at Blair, Nebr., has been an ex- 
 pensive and burdensome load on the company, and has interfered very 
 materially in its passenger and freight traffic. The treacherous and 
 ever-shilting currents of the river, the ice blockades, and the consequent 
 changing of the track approaches to the two transfer steamers, which are 
 the only means of crossing, are soon to be done away with by the erection 
 of a bridge at an estimated cost of $ 1 ,000,000. That this will be a j udicious 
 expenditure is shown by the fact that the actnal ferry expenses for the 
 year ending June 30, 1882, amounted to $67,782.37, which would pay 
 nearly seven per centum on the investment. 
 
 Considering the importance of uninterrupted transfer during the 
 whole year, and the consequent increase fa the business of the road, it 
 will readily be seen that the erection of the bridge is likely to be a judi- 
 cious outlay. 
 
 The leasing and extension of the Fremont, Elk Horn and Missouri 
 Valley Road will develop a fine stock and grain region, and probably 
 mineral lands, which will be a source of much revenue to the company. 
 
 Only the road owned by the company was inspected. The entire lines 
 operated are laid with 56pound American iron rails, and 2,640 cross- 
 ties to the mile. 
 
 The shops at Missoui-i Valley are supplied with fair machinery for or- 
 dinary repairs, no material additions having been made during the last 
 year. The force is limited ; materials are kept in neat order, with no 
 apparent wastage, and a general tendency towards economy is manifest 
 
 The track from Missouri Valley to Sioux City shows improvement 
 over last year ; the line is almost tangent, and the grade for many miles 
 level, the'average rise being 1.2 feet per mile, and the maximum curva- 
 ture four degrees. 
 
 The cattle guards and bridges are in fair condition, but there are no 
 guard-rails on either trestles or bridges. Owing to the moist and low 
 ground over which the road passes, the weeds grow rank and rapidly, 
 and have to be cut two or three times each season. 
 
 The company has been much harassed by stock getting on the track, 
 but arrangements have been made and material bought for fencing the 
 entire Iowa line with barbed wire of four strands. The money for this
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 729 
 
 purpose had to be raised outside the regular earnings, Isut it is thought 
 that the interest on this loan will be much less than the average cost 
 per jTsar for stock killed and injured, and goods and persons damaged, 
 and justifies the expenditure. 
 
 On the owned road there are 4 Pratt-truss and 126 pile bridges, ag- 
 gregating 12,190 feet in length ; 3 open culverts, and 136 cattle guards. 
 
 On June 30 the company owned 12 locomotives, of which 5 had 
 Westiughouse air-brake attachment ; 14 passenger coaches ; 165 freight, 
 and 111 hand, push, and other cars. On the same'date it leased 16 en- 
 gines, of which 4 had Westiughouse brake; 12 passenger, and 540 
 freigbt cars. 
 
 During the year ending June 30, 1882, there were accidents resulting 
 in the death or injury to 44 persons, as follows : 2 employ^^s and 1 other 
 person were killed from their own carelessness or misconduct, making 
 a total of 3 killed ; 1 passenger, 33 employes, and 2 other persons were 
 injured from their own carelessness or misconduct, and 5 employes from 
 causes beyond their control, making a total of 41 injured. 
 
 From reports submitted to this office the following statement, show- 
 ing the financial condition of the company June 30, 1882, has been pre- 
 pared : 
 
 First mortgage bonds $1,628,000 00 
 
 Interest on same 118,020 00 
 
 United States subsidy bonds 1,6-28,320 00 
 
 Interest on same 1,366,598 29 
 
 Pay-rolls and vouchers - 102,655 56 
 
 Notes payable 723,900 00 
 
 Accounts payable..... 127,494 65 
 
 Total debt 5,694,988 50 
 
 Capital stock 2,068,400 00 
 
 Total stock and debt 7,763,388 50 
 
 ASSETS. ====:== 
 
 Cost of road and equipment ............. $5,426,659 18 
 
 Cash and material on hand 121,208 45 
 
 Company's bonds owned by company......... 500 00 
 
 Miscellaneous investments ........ 506,200 00 
 
 Due.from the United States 64,178 19 
 
 Applied on interest accrued on United States bonds , 51,881 29 
 
 Accounts receivable 124,793 59 
 
 Total aasets 6,295,420 70 
 
 Deficit 1,467,967 80 
 
 Showing increase of deficit for the year of $201,303.54. 
 
 Considerable attention was paid to the present system of accounting 
 when the bookkeeper of this office was examining the books and ac- 
 counts of the company at Cedar Rapids, Iowa. A very decided improve- 
 ment was noted, many practical suggestions having been adopted. 
 
 From an examination of the books and accounts of the comj)any, the 
 gross earnings of the owned line for the year ending June 30, 1832, were 
 found to be $500,898 28 
 
 The operating expenses 453,018 26 
 
 Leaving net earnings 47,880 C2 
 
 From which deduct conatruction and cqaipment.. 29,433 03 
 
 Leaves net 18,44*» 99 
 
 From which deduct 7.29 per cent, of Iowa net earnings — the road from 
 
 California Junction to Missouri Valley,5.84 miles, is not subsidized.... 3,392 78 
 
 Leaves net earnings on the sabsidized portion — 101-i% miles 15, 054 21 
 
 "Fivoper cent" „ 752 71 
 
 J
 
 730 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The company claims to have furnished transportation for the govern- 
 ment whicli, (»n June ;'.(>, l.S.SU, amounted to )i!ll(>,()i31),V„. There is no 
 immediate prospect, liowever, of gettinj,' any cash payment from this 
 company, under existing law. Attention is called to "Legislation 
 recommended," page 11. 
 
 The following is a comparative statement of earnings and expenses 
 for two years, ending June 30, 1881, 1882: 
 
 N 
 
 Tear ending 
 June 30, 1882. 
 
 Tear endiuj? 
 June 30, 1881. 
 
 Difitarence. 
 
 
 Increase or 
 decrease. 
 
 Amonnt. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 E.\RXING8. 
 
 $176, 732 23 
 
 2!)6,664 12 
 
 10, 102 53 
 
 6, 116 09 
 
 13, 788 15 
 
 $102, 884 60 
 
 327, 725 40 
 
 10, 172 71 
 
 5, 128 85 
 
 8, 334 99 
 
 Increa.se . . 
 Decrease.. 
 Decrease.. 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 
 $73, 847 63 
 
 31, 061 28 
 
 70 18 
 
 987 24 
 
 5,463 16 
 
 7L77 
 
 Frei "lit 
 
 9.47 
 
 ilail" . 
 
 .69 
 
 
 19.24 
 
 
 65.62 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 503,403 12 
 
 454, 236 55 
 
 Increase . . 
 
 49, 168 57 
 
 10.82 
 
 
 
 EXPENSES. 
 
 72, 368 63 
 205, 754 23 
 91, 961 43 
 46, 391 63 
 39, 047 18 
 
 62,043 76 
 160,333 84 
 78, 947 02 
 
 13, 187 77 
 28, 574 88 
 
 Increase . . 
 Increase .. 
 Increase .. 
 Increase .. 
 Increase . . 
 
 10, 324 87 
 45, 420 39 
 15,014 41 
 33, 203 86 
 10, 472 30 
 
 16.64 
 
 
 28.32 
 
 
 19.51 
 
 
 251. 77 
 
 
 36.64 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 453, 523 10 
 
 341,087 27 [increase.. 
 
 114,435 83 
 
 33.55 
 
 
 
 
 47, 880 02 
 
 113,149 28 1 Decrease.. 
 
 65, 269 26 
 
 57.88 
 
 
 
 
 107. 42 
 
 107. 42 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 $4, 686 30 
 4, 240 58 
 
 $4, 228 60 
 3, 175 27 
 
 Increase . . 
 Increase . . 
 
 $457 70 
 1, 065 31 
 
 10.80 
 
 
 33.55 
 
 
 
 yet earnings per mile 
 
 445 72 
 
 1,053 33 ' Decrease.. 
 
 1 
 
 607 61 
 
 57.68 
 
 MEMPHIS AND LITTLE ROCK RAILROAD COlVrPANY. 
 
 This road has undergone an unfortunate series of embarrassing 
 changes from a period previous to its completion to the present time. 
 The company was chartCTed January 11, 1853, and the road completed 
 in January, 1874. Defaulting on first-mortgage land-grant bonds, Ko- 
 vember 1, 1872, the road was sold in 1873, and reorganized as the Mem- 
 phis and Little Eock Eailway Company. This latter company also 
 failed, and was in turn sold out in 1877. The purchasing bondholders 
 then organized the Memphis and Little Eock Eailroad Company under 
 the charter of 18o3, and took possession September 29, 1877. 
 
 This ofSce has received a circular, accompanying a meager report, 
 giving notice June 24, 1882, that "the Memphis and Little Eock Eail- 
 road (as reorganized), with all its tracks, inclines, boats, locomotives, 
 passenger cars, freight cars, hand cars, materials, tools, lands, books, 
 papers, and all its other property, has been placed in the hands of a 
 receiver of the chancery court of Pulaski County," &c. 
 
 The road encountered serious physical difticulties during the early 
 part of 1882, and it is stated that owing to the Hoods and overflow of 
 the Mississippi and tributary streams, the running of through trains on 
 theroad was prevented from January 21) to April IG, 1882, and from 
 that cause the earnings lor the tlrst four months of 1882 dropped off 
 over seventy per cent. It is also stated that a large extraordinary ex- 
 penditure upon the track will be required to put the road in fit condi- 
 tion for business, and to repair damages done by the floods.
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 731 
 
 The length of the road is 133 miles, exteudiiig lioiii Argeiita, 2 miles 
 from Little Eock, Ark., to Hopefleld, opposite ^remphis, on the Missis- 
 sipi)i Eiver. 
 
 The land granted to this company under the acts of February 9, 18o3, 
 and July 28, iSGG, is estimated to aggregate 804,185.8 acras, of which 
 140,955.00 acres had been patented to June 30, 1882. 
 
 The rolling stock consists of 14 locomotives, 18 passenger and 274 
 freight cars. 
 
 Owing to the limited time at the command of the inspection party 
 from this office, the road was not gone over this year. 
 
 The following statement of earnings and expenses has been compiled 
 from the company's reports : 
 
 Passenger 
 
 Pieight 
 
 M«a 
 
 Eypre.HS 
 
 Hiacellaneous . 
 
 Total. 
 
 K}U>EN'6Ea. 
 
 Transportation , 
 
 Maintenance of way , 
 
 Motive power , 
 
 Maintenance of cars. 
 General, and taxes 
 
 Total 
 
 Net earnings... 
 Miles operated 
 
 Eaminga per mile. 
 Expenses per mile 
 
 Net earnings per mile. 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30, 1882. 
 
 Year ending 
 Juno 30, 1881. 
 
 
 Difftrence. 
 
 
 Increase or 
 decrease. 
 
 Araonnt. 
 
 Per 
 ceat. 
 
 .$323, 2C2 85 
 
 280, 602 72 
 
 12, 280 31 
 
 23, 931 02 
 
 590 28 
 
 $336, 924 93 
 
 356, 131 48 
 
 13. 576 80 
 
 19, .S14 74 
 
 1, 082 89 
 
 Decrease.. 
 DetTea.se. - 
 Decrease.. 
 Increase — 
 Decrease.. 
 
 $1.3, 602 08 
 
 75. 32« 76 
 
 1, 296 49 
 
 4, 616 28 
 
 480 61 
 
 4.05 
 21.22 
 
 9.55 
 23.92 
 44.24 
 
 610,673 18 
 
 727,030 84 1 Decreaao.. 
 
 86, 357 66 
 
 11.88 
 
 184, 742 08 
 134,671 54 
 82. 105 33 
 18, 699 59 
 58,273 13 
 
 1.54, 2.36 45 
 100, 155 05 
 95,101 91 
 30, syo 84 
 20, 806 56 
 
 Increase . . 
 Iucrea.se .. 
 Decrease. . 
 Decrease.. 
 Increase . . 
 
 30, !m 23 
 28,515 89 
 12, 906 58 
 18,200 25 
 37, 466 59 
 
 19.85 
 
 20.86 
 13.66 
 49.33 
 
 180.12 
 
 478, 492 29 
 
 413, 2U0 41 
 
 Increase . . 
 
 65,201 88 
 
 15.80 
 
 162, 180 89 
 
 313, 830 43 
 
 Decrease.. 
 
 151.649 54 
 
 48.33 
 
 133 
 
 135 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 $4. 745 73 
 3, 544 39 
 
 $.5, 385 41 
 3, 060 74 
 
 Decrease.. 
 Increase . . 
 
 $639 68 
 483 65 
 
 11.88 
 15.80 
 
 1, 201 34 
 
 2, 324 67 
 
 Decrease. . 
 
 1,123 33 
 
 48.33 
 
 Two balance sheets have been submitted by the jircsent Receiver, one 
 exhibiting the finaucial condition of the railroad coinpaiiy on Juii(» 24, 
 1882, and the other that of the road in receivership on June 30, 1882. 
 Statements are submitted in the order named. 
 
 June 24, 16S2. 
 
 Li.\niLrrn:s. 
 
 First-mortgage honds ^2, a->0, 000 00 
 
 Interest on saiiit- I'^l.UlO OO 
 
 Pay-rolls aud vonclu'i m :?o, '.i'M 1X3 
 
 Bills and accoiinis !)aya!>lc 4G, 9^0 '2\i 
 
 Total del. I 3,0:.3,G-r. 19 
 
 Capital stock l,50U,U0<.t 00 
 
 Total stock aud debt 4, 503,(525 11) 
 
 A.'-.-KIS. 
 
 Cost of road and lixturos $4,1121,210 01 
 
 Cash aud luutt ri x\ on hand .'iS, 1^20 42 
 
 Billa aud acconuih nci-ivablo 40, r>;<4 IH 
 
 Total 5,020.61)0 f.l 
 
 Surplus. 
 
 407,005 42
 
 732 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 June 30, 1882. {Receiver.) 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Pay-rolls and vouchers $40,097 88 
 
 Bills and accounts payable 06,50,3 58 
 
 Totiildcbt lOC.GOl 40 
 
 ASSETS. 
 
 Cash and material on hand $67,217 63 
 
 Bills and accounts receivable 40,231 16 
 
 Total 107,448 79 
 
 Surplus 847 33 
 
 SAINT PAUL AND DULUTH RAIDROAD COMPANY. 
 
 Tliis road was chartered as the Lake Superior and Mississippi Rail- 
 road Company May 23, 1857. It is estimated that the originaUJand- 
 grant made by the act of May 5, 1864, and amended by act of July 13, 
 1866, amounted to 920,000 acres, of which 860,564.09 acres had been 
 patented to June 30, 1882, and sales had been made to the amount of 
 $909,011.27. 
 
 This road was passed over in the night, and consequently no personal 
 inspection was made. 
 
 From reports rendered this office to December 31, 1881, the following 
 information is derived : 
 
 Gross earnings, year 18$l $732,630 25 
 
 Gross earnings, year 188<J 668,777 90 
 
 Increase 63,852 35 
 
 Operating expenses, year 1881 586,350 07 
 
 Operating expenses, year 1880 575,595 45 
 
 Increase 10,754 68 
 
 Net earnings, year 1881 146,280 18 
 
 Net earnings, year 1880 93,182 45 
 
 Increase 53,097 73 
 
 Gross earnings per mile of road, 1881 4,136 46 
 
 Gross earnings per nule of road, 1880 3,843 55 
 
 Increase 342 91 
 
 Operating expenses per mUe of road, 1881 3,350 57 
 
 Operating expenses permile of road, 1880 3,308 02 
 
 Increase 42 55 
 
 Net earnings per mile of road, 1881 835 89 
 
 Net earnings per mile of road, 1880 535 53 
 
 Increase 300 36 
 
 There was expended during the year 1880, on account of improve- 
 ment and additions to property, including equipment, the sum of 
 $300,280.82. The equipment expenditures amounted to $50,553.90, of 
 whicn $6,171.54 was for the Westinghouse air-brake application to all 
 passenger cars and engines, $9,800 for three new accommodation cars,
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 733 
 
 and the remainder for the construction of fifty-four new box freight 
 cars of fifteen tons capacity. 
 
 Eealizing the necessity for a further and considerable addition to the 
 rolling stock, in order to handle the increasing business, the company 
 wisely decided to add as largely as its eamiugs and limited means 
 would permit, the result being that, during the year ending June 30, 
 1882, there wa« expended for this purpose the further sum of $308,233.21. 
 
 On June 30, 1882, the equipment was 34: locomotives, 27 passenger 
 coaches, 885 freight cars, 103 hand and push cars for use of trackmen, 
 and 10 miscellaneous cars. 
 
 The company reports that for the year ending June 30, 1882, there 
 were accidents resulting in the injury of but 3 persons (employ<^'8 on the 
 road), and no deaths. 
 
 One-half of the main line is laid with 5G-pound steel, and the rest of 
 the road with 56-pound iron rails. The ties in track average 2,640 
 per mile. There are 124 bridges, aggregating a length of 17,723 feet, 
 including 6 combination Pratt truss and 1 iron-girder bridge. The 
 road is fenced for 145^ miles. Owing to the fact that personal inspection 
 was not made, and that the returns required by this office have be«n only 
 partially furnished, the report upon the property, financial condition, 
 and accounts of this company is necessarily very limited. 
 
 THE PERSONNEL AND EXPENSE OP THE BUREAU. 
 
 The employ6s of this oflSce, with their respective positions and sala- 
 ries, on June 30, 1882, were as follows : 
 
 WiUiam H. Armstrong, Commissioner $4,500 00 
 
 Frank B. Pickerill, bookkeeper 2,400 00 
 
 • William M. Thompson, assistant bookkeeper 2,000 00 
 
 Henry Blackstone, engineer 2,500 00 
 
 Thomas Hassard (temporary), dranghtsman 1,500 00 
 
 Miss Kate Schmidt, copyist 900 00 
 
 Paul M. Johnstone, messenger , 4fc0 00 
 
 On this day, November 1, 1882, the personnel is as follows : 
 
 William H. Armstrong, Commissioner $4,500 00 
 
 Frank B. Pickerill, bookkeeper 2,400 00 
 
 William M. Thompson, assistant bookkeeper 2, 0(H) (K) 
 
 Henry Blackstone, enjiiuoer 2, .^»00 00 
 
 Thomas Haasard, cleric I,(iii0 00 
 
 Miss Kate Schmidt, copyist IKX) 00 
 
 Paul M. Johnstone, messenger 7'JO 00 
 
 Of the appropriations for this office for the fiscal year ending June 
 30, 1882, amounting to $17,100, the following sums liavo bcoii exi^'uded, 
 viz: Salaries, $14,294.76; traveling expenses, $l,S(i7.0.'>; and contingent 
 expenses, $284.03 ; in all amounting to $1(;,}45.82. 
 
 The ap])ropriations for the current Ijscal year ondiug Juno 30, 1SS3, 
 are as follows: "yalaries, oftice of the ConiniissioiKT of Itaih-oads," for 
 Commissioner, $4,500 ; bookkeeper, $2,400 ; assistant boolckoopor, $2,000 ; 
 railroad engineer, $2,500; one clerk, $1,600; one co|)yist, $IK)0; one 
 messenger, $720; traveling expenses, $3,000; contingont expenses, 
 $500; and for books and cases for library, $1,200; in all, $10,320. 
 
 The estimates which have been subniitted for the fiscal y»>ar ending 
 June 30, 1884, are as follows: Commissioner, $r»,0()0 ; bookkeopcr, $2,500; 
 assistant bookkeeper, $2,000 ; railroad engineer, $2,500; one clerk, $ 1,6<K) ; 
 one clerk, $1,400; one copj"ist, $900; one messtMiger, $720; traveling 
 expenses, $3,000 ; contingent expenses, $500; making, in all, $20,(>20. 
 
 I take great pleasure in commending the goneuil efticicucy of the
 
 754 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 employes of this ofBce. Tlie work requires the services of practical and 
 skilled accountants and engineers, who have ably seconded my efforts 
 to make this report full and complete in every respect. 
 I have the honor to bo, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 W. H. AKMSTRONG, 
 
 Commissioner. 
 Hon. H. M. Teller, 
 
 Secretary of the Interior, 
 
 EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF PENSIONS. 
 
 Department of the Interior, 
 
 Pension Office, 
 Washington, D. C, November 1, 1883. 
 
 Sir : I have the honor to submit herewith the annual statement show- 
 ing the operations of this bureau for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 1882. 
 
 There were at the close of the year, June 30, 1882, 285,697 pensioners, 
 classified as follows: 173,138 Army invalids; 76,448 Army widows, minor 
 children, and dependent relatives; 2,361 Navy invalids ; 1,955 Navy 
 widows, minor children, and dependent relatives; 7,134 survivors of the 
 war of 1812, and 24,661 widows of those who served in that war. 
 
 There were added to the roll during the year the names of 27,664 new 
 pensioners ; and the names of 649, whose pensions had previously been 
 dropped, were restored to the rolls, making an aggregate increase to 
 the roll of 28,313. The names of 11,446 pensioners were dropped from 
 the roll for various causes, leaving a net increase to the roll of 16,867 
 pensioners. At the close of the year the annual pension to eaeh pen- 
 sioner was $102.70, and the aggregate annual value of all pensions was 
 $29,341,101.62. 
 
 The annual payments, however, exceed this sum by several millions 
 of dollars; i. e., the total amount paid for pensions during the year, ex- 
 clusive of the arrears due in pensions which were allowed prior to 
 January 25, 1879, was 853,924,566.20, the diiference being the arrears 
 due in new pensions from the date of discharge, in the case of a soldier 
 or sailor, and from death of the soldier, where pension was allowed to 
 the widow or others. 
 
 The amount paid during the year upon first payment to new pensioners 
 is $26,421,069.19; and this amount was i^aid to 27,703 pensioners, averag- 
 ing to each case as follows : To Army invalids, $964,05 ; to Army widows, 
 minor children, and dependent relatives, $1,065.44; to Na\'y invalids, 
 $549.99; to Navj' widows, minor children, and dependent relatives, 
 $561.59 ; to the survivors of the war of 1812, $324.19, and to the widows 
 of the deceased soldiers and sailors of that war, $208,24. 
 
 The complete details of the statements will be found arranged and 
 classified in Table 1, with the value of pensions allowed, increased, and 
 dropped, and Table 2 will show the various causes for which the names 
 of 11,446 pensioners were dropped; also an analysis of the "widows'" 
 roll, showing the number of widows with and without minor children, 
 guardians, dependent fathers, and dependent mothers. 
 
 The amounts appropriated under each appropriation head will be 
 found in Table 3, and the amounts disbursed out of the same. In con- 
 nection with this table wiU be found a statement shovdng the disburse-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 735 
 
 ments during the year (8134,823.41) on account of arrears of pension 
 allowed in cases where pension had been granted prior to the arrears 
 act (January 25, 1879), which, for convenience of comparison, are kept 
 separately from other disbursements. 
 
 To correct some misapprehension, wliieh sometimes arises, I refer to 
 Table 2, showing the various causes for which the names of pensioners 
 have been dropped from the roll. Taking the invalids, for example, 
 1,935 names were dropped during the year by reason of death, and 6G4 
 by reason of failure to claim pension — the percentage of deaths being 
 so small as to excite great surprise. 
 
 Section 4719 of the Revised Statutes provides that the name of a 
 pensioner sliall be dropped from the roll where iiension remains un- 
 claimed for three years; so that in this class the larger proportion are 
 supposed to be dead. This will be illustrated in a more striking man- 
 ner by reference to the i)ensioners of the war of 1812, 1,450 n^ported as 
 having died, and 2,379 as dropped from failure to claim pension. 
 
 Table 4 is a classified statement of the nuinber of pensioners on the 
 rolls of each agency, and compares the whole number of pensioners on 
 the roll with that of the preceding year, and shows the total disburse- 
 ments and cost of same at each agency during the year. 
 
 Table 5 is an interesting exhibit of the numlser of each class of origi- 
 nal claims filed and allowed during each year hince 1861, and the amounts 
 paid for i)ensions and the cost of disbursement each year since 1860. 
 In this number will be represented a very small proportion whose claims 
 were»filed on account of disability or death occurring in wars prior to 
 1861-'G5, also the claims for service during the war of 1812. 
 
 The number of claims filed since the passage of the first act, Febru- 
 ary 14, 1871, granting pension on account of tlie war of 1812, is, for sur- 
 vivors, 34,533, and for the widows of those who served in that war, 
 42,123. In the first class the number allowed is 25,011, and in the sec- 
 ond, 32,556. The whole number of jiension claims allowed since 1861 
 is 472,776. 
 
 Table 6 shows the number of claims of each class on the files at the 
 beginning of the year, the number allowed and rejected during the year, 
 and the number remaining on hand at the close of the year. 
 
 I had caused a thorough analysis to be made of the files of the office, 
 so that I am able to ])resent in an intelligent manner the number of 
 claims of each class which are actually pending, and also those which 
 are rejected or abandoned. Previous to this report there ha<l been no 
 division of these two classes, so that it was ditlicult to determine the 
 number of actual pen<ling claims. 
 
 Table 7 will show the operation of the special examination provided 
 by law as a substitute to what was formerly a special service of the 
 office. 
 
 Under the change of system provided by law, results uppear to be 
 most gratifying, and later on this subject will bo referred to more in 
 detail. 
 
 Table 8 gives the location and geographical limit of each pension 
 agency, the name of the agent, and the balance of funds remaining in 
 the hands of each agent at the close of the year. 
 
 Table 9 exhibits the diflercut rates of lu'iision paid to Army and Navy 
 invalids, together with the number of pensioners of these classes to each 
 rate. 
 
 Table 10 shows the amounts paid for pensions on account of servico 
 during the war of 1812 in each year since the act of Congress providing 
 pensions for this class. The first act was passed February 14, 1871, the
 
 736 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 general provisions of which granted pension for a period of not less 
 than sixty days' service. Subsequently the act of March 9, 1878, liberal- 
 ized these provisions and allowed a pension for fourteen days' service. 
 
 Table 11 shows the number of late war invalid pensions allowed year 
 by year since 1861, classified and arranged, so that in each year's allow- 
 ance it is shown in what year the claims were filed for all the preceding 
 years, as well as the one in which such allowance was made. It also 
 shows the total number allowed out of each year's filing. 
 
 The work of compiling this information has been considerable, and I 
 have not been able to show corresponding results for the widows, minor 
 children, and dependent relatives' class, but I hope to be able to do so 
 in the future. 
 
 If the number of claims reported allowed each fiscal year, in this table, 
 shall be compared with these in the several annual reports of the Com- 
 missioners of Pensions, a small discrepancy will be noticed in each year. 
 This is accounted for by the elimination of the old war invalid pensions, 
 also such cases as had in former years been allowed and were afterwards 
 discovered to be duplicates, amounting to some few hundreds in all, but 
 the results now reported may be regarded as at a minimum. 
 
 Some valuable information, never before reduced to substantial results, 
 1 have also presented in this table, i. e., the percentage of cases allowed 
 up to the present time out of the number filed each year since 1861. 
 
 It will be seen by computation that of all claims file<i prior to July 1, 
 1872, 75 per cent, have already been allowed, and though this terminal 
 point is ten years ago, it does not represent the maximum of the pum- 
 ber which will be allowed out of the cases filed during the time stated. 
 As an illustration of this, a reference to the table will show, that during 
 the year just closed 3,007 claims (or 13 per cent, of those allowed) were 
 filled during the twelve years ending June 30, 1872. 
 
 Herewith I add a table analyzing the one referred to, which com- 
 pares, by percentage, the work of this with former years from 1872 to 
 1882, inclusive, showing the per cent, of claims allowed during the same 
 yoar in which they were filed, and for the first, second, third, fourth, 
 fifth, sixth, and seventh year preceding, also for the fidl time (in aggre- 
 gate) prior to the seventh year period back to 1881. 
 
 •ai 
 
 a 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 CJ 
 
 U 
 
 OS 
 
 ^ 
 
 9 
 
 <0 
 
 1 
 
 
 ■s 
 
 
 t^ 
 
 ^•^ 
 
 f^ 
 
 >.-j 
 
 >-6 
 
 >*d 
 
 N 
 
 
 ^f 
 
 
 
 -J 
 
 ■B% 
 
 5l 
 
 
 
 ti 
 
 '^■s 
 
 Z o 
 
 o o 
 
 ■S o 
 
 « => 
 
 <" o 
 
 jj_o 
 
 o o 
 
 
 •"^ 
 
 0-3 
 
 -=i 
 
 1^ 
 
 CHS 
 ct 
 
 "^ 
 
 £=3 
 
 Ffled the eighth and previous year before 
 
 .si 
 
 .s2 
 
 52 
 
 52 
 
 9 ® 
 
 ^2 
 
 O 4) 
 J3 C 
 
 .S2 
 
 9 U 
 
 allowed and since 1661. 
 
 
 ""I 
 
 ^a 
 
 5.2 
 
 ^.2 
 
 ^a 
 
 "^<2 
 
 ^a 
 
 5=2 
 
 
 2 
 
 •2^ 
 
 
 _2 
 
 t^ 
 
 »4 V 
 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 =5 
 
 
 § 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 Pr.et. 
 
 Pr. ct. 
 
 Pr. ct. 
 
 Pr. ct. 
 
 Pr. ct. 
 
 Pr.ct. 
 
 Pr.ct. 
 
 Pr.ct. 
 
 Pr.ct 
 
 1882.... 
 
 .5 
 
 .6 
 
 43.4 
 
 21.5 
 
 6.1 
 
 4.6 
 
 4.0 
 
 2.4 
 
 16.4 in the thirteen years preTions to 1874. 
 
 1881.... 
 
 .7 
 
 11.2 
 
 37.1 
 
 11.4 
 
 7.5 
 
 5.8 
 
 3.6 
 
 2.3 
 
 20.1 in the twelve years previous to 1873. 
 
 1880.... 
 
 2.7 
 
 27.6 
 
 las 
 
 10.9 
 
 7.7 
 
 4.6 
 
 3.3 
 
 2.6 
 
 21.6 in the eleven years previous to 1872. 
 
 1879 
 
 10.9 
 
 36.3 
 
 20.6 
 
 8.5 
 
 3.8 
 
 2.6 
 
 1.7 
 
 2.1 
 
 13 in the ten years pre\-iou8 to 1871. 
 
 1878.... 
 
 12.4 
 
 36.3 
 
 25.2 
 
 5.7 
 
 3.3 
 
 3.4 
 
 2.9 
 
 1.7 
 
 - 14.7 in the nine' years previous to 1870. 
 
 1877.... 
 
 10.9 
 
 36.5 
 
 16.4 
 
 8.3 
 
 6.4 
 
 3.8 
 
 2.0 
 
 2.7 
 
 12.5 in the eisht years previous to 1869. 
 
 1876 
 
 12.0 
 
 43.1 
 
 11.6 
 
 6.5 
 
 5.3 
 
 4.1 
 
 3.2 
 
 2.3 
 
 11.5 in the seven years previous to 1868. 
 
 1875.... 
 
 17.3 
 
 34.6 
 
 12.4 
 
 6.8 
 
 6.4 
 
 5.0 
 
 2.6 
 
 1.6 
 
 12 9 in the six years previous to 1867. 
 
 1874.... 
 
 14.3 
 
 31.9 
 
 18.4 
 
 7.9 
 
 7.9 
 
 3.2 
 
 3.1 
 
 2.6 
 
 10.2 in the five'years previous to 1866. 
 
 1873.... 
 
 21.2 
 
 26.1 
 
 16.8 
 
 12.7 
 
 4.7 
 
 3.1 
 
 5.6 
 
 4.0 
 
 5.3 in the four years previous to 1865. 
 
 1872.... 
 
 7.2 
 
 32.3 
 
 27.2 
 
 8.1 
 
 3.6 
 
 5.7 
 
 7.3 
 
 3.2 
 
 5.0 in the three years previous to 1864. 
 
 Taking the year 1882, we find that five-tenths of 1 per cent, of the 
 number allowed were filed during the same year, six-tenths of 1 per
 
 KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 737 
 
 cent., were filed in the year previons (l^Sl), and the second year previous 
 (1879) 43.4 per cent., and so on; also that prior to the seventh-year i>eriod, 
 which was the thirteen years preceding July 1, 1874, 16.4 per cent, of 
 the cases were filed. 
 
 Taking this latter (16.4), and we find that of the cases allowed in 1S81 
 20.1 per cent, were filed previons to the seventh-year period, being the 
 twelve years ending June 30, 1873, and for the year 1880 it was 21.6 
 per cent, for the eleven years' ending June 30, 1872. 
 
 Retferring again to 1882 we find the 16.4 i)er cent, referred to shows a 
 falling ofi' for this earlier period, notwithstanding an additional year and 
 two years respectively are added to it; and it illustrates how the work 
 of the oftifte is being concentrated towards the gieat block of claims 
 which were filed in 1879 and 1880. It will be remembered that the ar- 
 rears act was passed at the commencement of the last half of the fiscal 
 year of 1879 (January 25), and the limitation granting arrears expired 
 with the year 1880. Of the claims filed since June 30, 1880, less than 
 1 per cent, have been allowed, and these for grave and sufficient rea- 
 sons which justified special action. 
 
 In the claims filed during the years 1879 and 1880, there have been 
 allowed 43.6 and 11.2 per cent, respectively out of the numbers 36,835 
 and 110,673 claims of invalids which were filed during those years. It 
 should be remembered that these statements refer only to the late war 
 invalid claims. 
 
 Table 12 is an exhaustive exhibit showing the number of claims made 
 for pension on account of the late war, of invalids, widows, children, 
 mothers, and fathers; the numbers which have been admitted, and are 
 now pending. Out of the whole number admitted and })ending it is 
 shown in each those who are and those who are not entitled to arrears. 
 The information collated in this table is arranged by each regimental 
 organization, and the totals of each arm of military service in each State 
 and Territory. For a more particular description your attention is in- 
 vited to the title " Pension Population" on page 23 of the rei)ort. 
 
 Table 13 shows the number of pensioners upon the roll, the annual 
 value of such roll, and the amount actually paid, including arrears, for 
 the year ending the payment of June, 1882, classified and arranged so 
 that the same is exhibited in each county by congi'essional districts in 
 each State and Territory. 
 
 This information was first called for by a resolution of the Senate and 
 was published in Senate P^xecutive Document No. 152, first session Forty- 
 seventh Congress, showing the condition of the roll to and including the 
 September (1881) payments. I have since had the same revised and 
 brought down to the June (1882) payment. 
 
 Table 14 contains the names of the surviving widows of Revolutionary 
 soldiers and sailors who are pensioners, and their place of residence, as 
 shown by the roll, at the close of the fiscal jear. 
 
 EFFICIENCY OF THE BUREAU. 
 
 The commencement of the last fiscal year found this office with several 
 troublesome (piestions to face; and many disastrous occurrences, and 
 dilficulties iollowing difficulties, combined to rendeir the beginning 
 inauspicious. I'irst, a large «lischaige of clerks became necessary 
 owing to the inordinate size of tiie rolls as compared with the appro- 
 priations for the fiscal year then beginning; tlic assassination of the 
 President caused an almost total suspension of business, and a dis- 
 tinction of the attention of clerks from their work to such an extent 
 47 Ab
 
 738 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 that, at that iline, more than a week was consumed before it could 
 again in any degree be concentrated upon the work of the office; so 
 that it may safely be stated that on this account alone, in the month 
 of July, fully one week's work was lost. The incoming of a new admin- 
 istration of the office, and the disorganization which, to some extent, 
 always follows such a change, combined with the knowledge that a 
 large number of discharges was impending, militated also against the 
 efficiency of the oflice for some time. Later on, after the discharges had 
 been made and the force had settled down to work, it was found neces- 
 sary to take an inventory of the office, in order that accurate knowledge 
 might*be had as to the condition of its business. This consumed one 
 mouth. Following this came the fluctuations between life artd death of 
 the Chief Magistrate, and the succeeding obsequies, during which sad 
 time no one could work — so that it was about the 1st of November be- 
 fore the solid work for the year began. I estimate that, by reason of 
 the various disturbances alluded to, not less than two months' time, be- 
 tween the 1st of July and the 1st of November, of the whole force of 
 the office was practically lost to the settlement of claims. From that 
 point on the efficiency of the office daily increased, and the result of 
 its work at the end of the year was exceedingly encouraging, showing, 
 as heretofore stated, a disposal of over 59,000 cases. Much of this ef- 
 ficiency I attribute to the unusual and most satisfactory confidence ex- 
 hibited by Congress in the bureau and its officers, and the certainty 
 felt througjiout the office that its labors were being appreciated. It is 
 impossible, I tiud, to reach perfection in the administration of so large 
 and imi)ortant an office; but 1 suppose it can be safely stated that in no 
 department of the government is there a more conscientious discharge 
 of duty by the employes and officers than in this bureau. There has 
 been practically no change in the organization of the office since that 
 mentioned in my last annual report; and to accommodate the force 
 granted by Congress the organization then made has been simply broad- 
 ened to receive the new accessions, and I think no reorganization will 
 be necessarj'. 
 
 PROPOSED MODIFICATIONS OF LAW. 
 
 Availing myself of the long experience and high abilities of my chiefs 
 of divisions and other officers, and recognizing also the fact that none 
 are so competent to point out defects in existing law as those who are 
 daily engaged in its application to the business for which the laws have 
 been framed, I have called upon and received from these officers some 
 most valuable and practical suggestions, which I shall condense with 
 gome of my own, and offer by way of amendment to existing law, in 
 order to make the administration of the Pension Office more efficient 
 and more conducive to the end for which it was intended. 
 
 OLD WAR CLAIMS. 
 
 I would suggest that the acts of March 16, 1802, section 14, and sec- 
 tion 7 of the act of March 3, 1815, and other supplementary acts, be re- 
 enacted by way of amendment to section 1039 of the Ilevised Statutes, 
 for the reason that considerable difficulty has been experienced in the 
 disposal of invalid claims based upon disabilities originating prior to 
 March 4, 1861, owing to the fact that the old military establishment 
 acts above referred to were not re-enacted in the Eevised Statutes, as it 
 seems to me they should have been. This recommendation will serve to 
 call the attewtiQii of Congress to certain acts omitted in the revision of
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 739 
 
 the laws, and when they shall take notice of the same I will, if desired, 
 appear before the committee and point out more particularly these and 
 other laws which should be rc-eiuicted. 
 
 I recommend the repeal of section 1636, inasmuch as it is practically 
 covered by the provisions of section 4732 of the Ilevised Statutes, and 
 is only calculated to mislead and confuse. 
 
 BOUNTY-LAND LAWS. 
 
 In rcfjard to the bounty-land laws, I think that they should be generally 
 remodeled and simplified. The mistakes made in the codilication of 
 the laws as found in the Revised Statutes should be corrected, and 
 changes should be made to equalize the benefits to all the classes of 
 persons to whom title is already given under the law. Especially should 
 the following sections be amended, viz : 
 
 1. Sections 2418 and 2419, so as to separate the provision relating 
 to the Mexican war (under act of February 11, 1847, and its amend- 
 ment of May 27, 1848) from the provisions of the equalizing act of Sep- 
 tember 28, 1850. As it stands now the language of the section, to- 
 gether with the repealing provisions of the IJevised Statutes, seem to 
 cut off certain classes who were jjrovided for by the old law, February 
 11, 1847; but the old law was in the nature of a contract, and it is not 
 therefore proper in any way to curtail its provisions. Tlio provisions 
 of section 2418 (in so far as it re-enacts the provisions of the cqnalizing 
 act of September 28, 1850) should be extended so as to give the full 
 benefit of sections 2425 to 2427, inclusive, to the very small class of per- 
 sons now provided for under section 2418, who do not already come un- 
 der section 2425, et seq. Almost the only change it would make would 
 be to give a warrant for 160 acres to a few fathers, mothers, brothers, 
 and sisters (on a service of fourteen days, or battle service) who lue now 
 entitled to warrants of varying amounts, from 40 acres to 160 (accord- 
 ing as the service of soldier was one month, six months, or twelve 
 months). 
 
 2. Section 2420 should l)e so modified as to give the succession to the 
 minors upon the remarriage as well as upon the death of the widow, in 
 case there are minors; provided, that Miiere there are no minor chil- 
 dren the widow's title may return to her on her again becoming a widow. 
 
 3. Sections 2439 and 2440 should be so amended as to make it the 
 duty of the General Land Othce to take all the testimony upon which 
 duplicate laml warrants shall be issued, the Pension Ottice to issue such 
 duplicate upon the certificate of the Commissioner of the General Land 
 Office and the direction of the Secretary of the Interior thereon, and 
 deliver the same to the said Commissioner of the General Land Office, 
 as a voucher to bo i)laced upon his files, or for delivery to the person 
 entitled to its possession. This is a question which you have had under 
 consideration for some time, and I therelore do not deem it necessary to 
 set forth all the reasons why I think that such a change should be made. 
 I will, however, state one inii)ortant reason; that is, that all questions 
 relating to the assignments of warrants belong to the General Land Of- 
 fice to settle, iis has been au,thoratitively declared, and such questions 
 are the principal ones to be settled in the issuing of almost every dupli- 
 cate ever asked for, in order to determine into whose possession to de- 
 liver the du])licate wlien issued, «S:c. 
 
 4. Sections 2444 an«l 2445 should be so amended as to be in harmony 
 with the last ])aragraph of section 2418, and with section 2428, Kevised 
 Statutes, so that where there are any of the heks of the soldier whose
 
 740 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 succession is provided lor in sections 2418 or 2428, the provisions of 
 sections 2444 and 2445 shall not apply, but the title sliall succeed in the 
 order designated in sections 2418 and 2428. The practice of the office 
 has been generally in accordance with the suggestions made herein, 
 but the letter of the law leaves room for doubt, a fact which has been 
 taken advantage of by those prosecuting claims to the considerable an- 
 noyance of the office. 
 
 LATE WAR PENSIONS. 
 
 I recommend that section 4693 of the Eevised Statutes, which per- 
 tains to irregular enlistments (non-enlisted persons), and which grants 
 pensions to certain classes, be amended so as to extend the benefits 
 conferred by it to wounds and injuries received or disease contracted 
 by non-enlisted men serving as scouts, by virtue of the authority of any 
 general officer, and to certain classes of employes of the Quartermas- 
 ter-General's Department, who were subjected to unusual hardships 
 and dangers; and I would also recommend the repeal of the last clause 
 of said third paragraph, as it imposes, in my opinion, an unjust limita- 
 tion upon a frequently worthy class of applicants. I think the whole 
 paragraph should be remodeled so as to define more clearly the classes to 
 be benefited. Paragraph 2 of said section should, I think, be amended 
 so as to be more specific in its definition of its beneficiaries, and should 
 define more clearly what is meant by the term " war vessel." 
 
 GENERAL-SERVICE ENLISTMENTS. 
 
 Some difficulty in the application of the provisions of section 4694 
 of the Revised Statutes has been encountered, owing to the indefinite- 
 ness and varied constructions of the term " military post," «&;c. I would 
 suggest that such an amendment to this section be made as will clearly 
 and specifically define the meaning of the^erm " military post," and 
 also fix the practice as regards the pensioning of men who were en- 
 listed in the general service and detailed to do duty at Washington City 
 and other posts. 
 
 RANK AND GRADES OF PENSION. 
 
 Section 4695 of the Eevised Statutes, which fixes the various grades 
 of pension, might well be amendetl so as to provide a more equitable 
 distribution, and to comport with the actual disabilities of pensioners. 
 In fact, the time has come, in my opinion, when Congress should give 
 a thoughtful consideration to the entire regrading of pensions, making- 
 disability, rather than rank, the measure of the pension. There can 
 exist no good reason in pensioning a volunteer force, when for the same 
 disability a lieutenant-colonel shall receive thirty dollars per month, 
 and a private soldier but eight ; both having been drawn from and re- 
 turned to the same walks of civil life.. This subject is one, however, 
 which requires a careful and searching investigation; and I simply 
 make this suggestion in the hope that Congress may take such steps as 
 ■will eventually bring about an entire change; one which, in my opinion, 
 if carefully done, will prove advantageous alike to the pensioner and 
 the government. 
 
 In this connection I would respectfully call attention to the statistics 
 exhibited by Table No. 9. The astonishing fact is there shown that 
 there ai'e 117 different grades of pension now being paid to pensioners. 
 In this brief report I can hardly refer to the causes which have brought 
 this about, but would state that, in my opinion, the almost constantly
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 741 
 
 varying scale provided by new legislation, some of which reaches but 
 a small and others a larger class, makes the rule of grading a constantly 
 shifting one. This, in my opinion, will be remedied by the change re- 
 ferred to. 
 
 So long as the amount of pension is fixed by rank, I respectfully rec- 
 ommend the amendment of section 4696 of the Ke\ised Statutes by strik- 
 ing out the words " that 5. vacancy existed in the rank thereby conferred." 
 The effect of this amendment will be to give an officer the benefit of 
 his actual rank, notwithstanding the fact that there was no technical 
 vacancy at the time. It is within the experience of every officer that, 
 had the actual minimum number of men required by the Army regula- 
 tions for each company been strictly regarded in commissioning volun- 
 teer officers, many commands would have been without commissioned 
 officers during a good part of their service. It is but fair, so long as 
 the grade of pension is controlled by the rank held, that the pensioner 
 should have the benefit of his actual service in the grade for which he 
 held commission. 
 
 INCREASE A^'D ERRORS IN RATING, 
 
 I wish to renew my recommendation regarding the amendment of 
 section 4G08i, which, in its administration, I find very often works great 
 injustice to worthy pensioners. In the cousideiation of so vast a num- 
 ber of claims as is i^resented to this office, mistakes and errors in rating 
 are almost inevitable, and this section has been so construed as to pre- 
 clude the possibility of a correction of many of them. I tlierefore rec- 
 ommend that section 4698^ be repealed, and an act passed in lieu thereof 
 containing substantially the follo\\ing provisions: If any invalid pen- 
 sioner shall feel that his pension is not comnu'usurate witli the degree 
 of his disability, either because it has been imi)roperly rated by the 
 Commissioner of Pensions, or because the disability for which he was 
 pensioned has increased, or because of another disability incurred in 
 the service for which he is not pensioned, he may appeal to the Com- 
 missioner of Pensions for a rerating or an increase, as the ciuse may be, 
 at any time within one year immediately following the original adjudi- 
 cation; and said application shall be construed and determined in the 
 same manner as was his original application, so far as such jtroceeding 
 shall be applicable to the case. And the Commissioner of Pensions 
 shall cause any invalid jx'iisioner to be examined by a board of surge<ms 
 as often as he shall deem it for the interest of the government, or of the 
 pensioner; and if, upon such examination, it shall appear that the i)en- 
 sion enjoyed bv the pensioner is not according to the degree otdisabilit^', 
 and that such disal)ility, in its nature, has been i)ennaneiit in the same 
 degree as then found, the same shall be readjusted and related according 
 to right and justice; jirovided, that in ca.se where increase is granted 
 for the reason that the disability has incn'ased sinct* the pension was 
 last rated by the Commissioner of I'ensions, such increase shall com- 
 mence at the date of the filing of the api>licati()n therefor; and provided 
 further, that if the disability has not changed, in degree, since discharge, 
 such increase or rating shall commence on the «lateat which the original 
 pension began; i)rovi(icd further, that all api)lications for increase on 
 the giound that the i)ension has been improperly rated, made and lih'd 
 more than one year after such alleged imjuoper rating was fixed by the 
 Commissioner of Pensions, shall be treat«'d and settled as in the case of 
 inci'ease claims on the ground of increasid disabilit\, and the Commis- 
 sioner of Pensions is authorized to correct at any time, on his own mo-
 
 742 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 tion and without ii])i>li('ati(ni, a juanilust error comuiitted at any tiino in 
 the ratiiij:: of any pension. 
 
 It should be enu(5t(Mlthat the " permanent apecilic disability "meutioned 
 in section 4008^ of tlie lievised Statutes be construed to refer to anj' 
 disability, iierinanent in its character, and the increase of i)ension there- 
 for to commence from the date of application, and at the rate in which 
 it exists iu a permanent degree. 
 
 WIDOWS AND minors' PENSIONS. 
 
 Section 4702 of the Revised Statutes was amended in several very im- 
 portant particulars, at the last session of Congress, and re-enacted as 
 amended. Of course it is not the intention of Congress to thereby take 
 this class of claims out from under the operations of the limitation im- 
 posed by the act of IMarch 3, 1879, but such a construction has been sought 
 to be put upon the said recent act, and I therefore recommend the enact- 
 ment of a proviso, expressly declaring that said section is subject, in all 
 respects, to the limitations of the said act of March 3, 1879. I would also 
 recommend that the same be further amended, so as to entitle minor 
 children to pension from the date of the soldier's dea th, where the widow 
 has remarried prior to July 1, 1880, without having received any pension 
 on account of such soldier's death. 
 
 DEPENDENT RELATIVES. 
 
 In the application of section 4707 to the thousands of cases of depend- 
 ents now under consideration in the Pension Oflice, it is noticed that 
 great injustice seems often to be done to a worthy class of pensioners 
 by the narrow^ construction of it made necessary by its terms. As it 
 now stands, there is no discretion left with the Commissioner, but, on the 
 contrary, actual dependence must be proven, in the manner specified 
 iu the statute, to have existed at or before the soldier's death. I, shall 
 C(fntent rnyself with one illustration of the above remark, which I hope 
 may attract the attention of Congress: A widowed mother, in the enjoy- 
 ment of a competence, and otherwise in ordinary circumstances, gives her 
 onh/son to the defenseof the country. She has fitted him in every way to 
 become her prop in life, when she shall have advanced to a greater age, or to 
 adegree of helplessness which would require his maintenance and support. 
 The son is killed iu battle; he does not in fact contribute to the support 
 of his mother at the date of his death, but in reality has been supported 
 by her up to the time of his enlistment. Increasing years and adver- 
 sity overtake the mother, and she becomes dependent upon the charity 
 of friends. Had the son lived, this would not have been the ease, and 
 yet we are obliged to deny her a pension because, at the date of the sol- 
 dier's death, it cannot be shown that she was dependent upon him for 
 support, in whole or in part. The mere statement of such a case, it 
 seems to me, carries with it the argument to convince all, that there is 
 a necessity for an amendment to this section. 
 
 COMMENCEMENT OF OLD WAR PENSIONS. 
 
 In order to carry out the full and evident intention of Congress, as 
 exhibited by the whole course of pension legislation, and especially by 
 the more recent acts, and to place old war claims more nearly upon the 
 same footing as those of the late war, I would suggest, that the limita- 
 tion contained in section 4713 be removed, so that cases barred by tiie 
 three-year limitation shall have their date of commencement at the time 
 of filing the applicatiouj rather than at that of the tiling of the last piece of
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 743 
 
 CTidence. This amendment will affect a large class of cases, bnt the 
 present law is so manifestly unjust that I do not hesitate to suggest the 
 change. 
 
 REIMBURSEMENT CLAIMS. 
 
 Section 4718 of the Revised Statutes should, in my opinion, be made 
 more specific, so that there may be uo possi])le (juestion as to tbe juris- 
 diction over cases involving a reimbursement for the exjjenses of the last 
 sickness and burial of th\3 pensioner. By a recent ojiinion of the Attor- 
 ney-General, which is in the words and terms following, to wit: — 
 
 Depaktmext of JusricF, 
 
 Washington, '.id August, 1882. 
 
 Sir: The question presented l>y the, letter of the Second Comptroller, referred to in 
 and accompanying your conniiunication of the t:th J\\\j ultimo, rtvjnesting my opin- 
 ion, is, whether the accounts presented hy persons -who have borne the expenses of 
 "the last sickness and burial" of decea8e<l pensioners, under section 4718 of the Re- 
 vised Statutes, must be audited and adjusted in the Treasury by theacc ountinuollicera 
 after an examination of the orijiinal vouchers and papers, or whether the Ci)niniis.sioner 
 of Pensions ni.'iy determine finally the amount properly due for such expenses, and, by 
 withholding the original vouchers from the accounting ofticers, compel them to audit 
 and allow such claims upon the mere certihcate of that officer. 
 
 It is conceded by the Comptroller, in his letter, that the Commissionerof Pensions is 
 authorized to decide who are entitled to be pensioners and the amounts to bo paid to 
 them, respectively, as such, and that liis decision is, to that extent, conclnsivo as to 
 the accounting oliicers; but he in'^ists that claimants for reimbursement of expenses 
 of the last sickness and burial of pensioners are not in any sense on the footing of 
 pensioners, and that the ascertainment and allowance of the different items of sach 
 expenses belongs exclusively to the accounting oflHcers of the Treasury. 
 
 Section 4~lbof the Revised Statutes provides that when a pensioner or a person en- 
 titled to a pension, and '"having an application therefor pending," shall die, not leav- 
 ing a wi<low or child surviving him, "no itayment whatsoever of the accrued pensioa 
 shall be made or allowed, except so much as may be necessary to rfimburse the persou 
 Avho bore the expenses of the last sickness and burial of the decedent, in cases where 
 he did not leave sufficient assets to meet such expenses." 
 
 It may be a^isumed as established that the decision of the Commissioner of Pensions 
 placing a i)ersou on the ]»ension roll and lixing the amount of his pension is conclu- 
 sive, and, conse<inently, that in settling the accounts of pension agents the accounting 
 ofiScers have no authority to go behind the pensioner's certificate. 
 
 It must be taken as e<|ually clear, that as the pension law determines the amounts 
 to be paid the various pensioners, the action of the Commissioner of Pensions in allow- 
 ing or directing i)aynicnt of a pension cannot bo said ever to involve an accounting, 
 in any proper sense of that term. 
 
 Au examiiuiticm of the various provisions under the title "Pensions" in the Re- 
 vised Statutes will sIkiw tli;if, with th« <'xcei)tion of said seition •171"', then* is not 
 one that calls for the auditing and settling of accounts, and that there is au entire 
 absence of any direct or express intention that the Conmiissioner of Pensions should 
 have the power to aiulit aciounts. 
 
 So far from it, indeed, the law withholds from him the power to administer oatlis, 
 which is expiesslj' conferred on the Auditors of the Treasury, that they may take 
 testimony "in any case in which they may deem it necetwary for the due examination 
 of the accounts with which they shall be charged." (iJ-Jl»7 R. S.) 
 
 Congress has provided an aduwrablo sysleni for the adjustments of public accounts 
 (chai'Jers 3 and 4 R. S.), and has «leclared that "all claims an<l demands trluilrrrr by 
 the bnited States or against them, and all accr>nnts uhatever in which tlio I'nitcd 
 States are concerned, either as di-btors or as cnvlitors, shall be S4'ttled an<l ailjusteil 
 in the Dej)artment of the Treasury." ('J2;J(i R. S.) This .system has boon in oiuration 
 from the foundation of the government, and there can b« no doubt as to the general 
 intention of Congress that all unli<iuidated demaiuls against the govemnn-nt shall bo 
 adjusted by the accounting ofliceis forming the system. 
 
 Whether we regard sections 4718 and 'JUt> ns holding tlie same relation to one anotlier 
 as when the former was section 'i.') of tlit^ aet of :{d .Manh. 1~7;{, and the latter s»'eti<»n 
 3 of the act of 3d March, 1H17, or siucti the enactment of the Kevis<-tl Statutes as |>artM 
 of one and the same statute, I perceive no grouiitl wiiatever for holding that s.-<tion 
 4718 was intended to restrict or «|nalify the tledaratioii contained in H»»ction 'Ziti th.'it 
 all demands and accounts whatever against the guverumeut shall bo audited uud ad- 
 justed in the Treasury.
 
 744 PAPERS ACCOMPANYIXG THE 
 
 It is the first duty of the exponiKhir of several coynjite slatntes, or of several pro- 
 visious of the .same .stntute, to give them all a hamiouious interpretation, and norhinjr 
 short of some irrecoiicilahlci repiiguaucy can justifiy Lim iu imputing to the legislature 
 ccmfnsud or inconsistent intentions. 
 
 From the time of th»i passage of the act of 1873 until a very recent date, according 
 to the C<nniJtroller's letter, these two provisions have heen treated as in perfect har- 
 mony, and accounts under section 4718 have been audited and adjusted by the ac- 
 counting olhcers after an examination of the original vouchers and papers, in the 
 accustomed way, and it is only by a strained construction of this section fhat any 
 collision between it and section 236 is now produced. 
 
 It follows, therefore, that the Commissioner of Pensions has no authority to audit 
 and adjust accounts under said section 4718 R. S. 
 
 It is proper to add that my opinion of the 28th April, 1882, wMch, the Comptroller 
 says, has be^n invoked as an authority for the new interpretation of section 4718, does 
 not conflict with this opinion. In the former it was held that Congress intended that 
 a decision of the Commissioner of Pensions as to the amount demandable by a pen- 
 sioner should be conclusive, while this opinion holds that Congress had no intention 
 to invest that officer with the power to audit and adjust accounts under section 4718. 
 
 The language of each opinion must be taken in connection with its subject-matter. 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 BENJAJillN HARRIS BREWSTER, 
 Attorney-General. 
 
 The Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 it has been decided that the Commissioner of Pensions has no juris- 
 diction whatever, touching claims for reimbursement, but that the same 
 being claims against the United States under the provision of section 236 
 of the Eevised Statutes, the title thereto must be adjudicated by the 
 proper accounting ofBcers of the Treasury. 
 
 This relieves the Pension Office of a very large amount of trouble- 
 some and difficult business, and sets free a force hitherto engaged in its 
 consideration, to be used upon other and more important work. I would 
 suggest as an amendment to such section the following : Strike out after 
 the word " allowed," in line 11, in said section 4718, the words " except so 
 much as may be necessary to reimburse the person who bore the ex- 
 I^enses of the last sickness and burial of the decedent, in cases where he 
 did not leave sufficient assets to meet such expenses;" and in lieu thereof 
 insert the words " provided, however, that the person who bore the ex- 
 penses of the last sickness and burial of the deceased pensioner or ap- 
 plicant for pension, in cases where he did not leave sufficient assets to 
 meet such expenses, shall be paid out of nwy funds in the Treasury of 
 the United States not other^^ise appropriated, upon due proof submitted 
 to the proper accounting officers of the Treasury, upon such forms as 
 they may prescribe, such payment to be made by Treasury warrant as 
 other ckiims against the United States are ])aid." 
 
 I would also suggest that the benefits of section 4718 should be ex- 
 tended to the other classes given title to a])ension by section 4707, that 
 is, dependentmothers, fathers, brothers, and sisters, as the same reason 
 extends to this class as to the class above mentioned, viz, the widow or 
 child or children of such soldier, and that the benefits of said section be 
 confined to the pensionable representatives of a deceased soldier iu the 
 order in which title to pension is granted by sections 4702 and 4707. 
 
 THE EVIDENCE OF DISABILITY. 
 
 In order that the last clause of section 4719 may not be almost totall.^; 
 inoperative, I would suggest that after the word '■' medical " in tenth 
 Ime and before the word "evidence " there be inserted, by way of amend- 
 ment, the words '' or other satisfactory." This slight amendment will 
 enable the office to do justice in many cases where it must now be 
 denied.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 745 
 
 I can see no good reason for the longer continuance of the limitation 
 imposed by the last clause of section 4722. 1 therefore recommend that 
 applicants for pension under this section be placed upon the same foot- 
 ing as other soldiers. 
 
 PROTECTION OF THE PENSIONER. 
 
 Section 4745 relating to pledge, mortgage, sale, &c., of a pension cer- 
 tificate, or any right or title thereunder, has by subsequent legislation 
 been modified so that all after the words " no eiiect," at the close of the 
 first paragraph on line 3, is practically obsolete. I therefore recommend 
 that the words following "no eiiect," in said line, be stricken out, and the 
 following inserted in lieu thereof: " and any jjcrson who shall retain the 
 certificate of a pensioner, and refuse to sun-ender the same, upon the 
 demand of the Commissioner of Pensions, or a United States pension 
 agent, or any other person authorized b^' the Commissioner of Pensions 
 or the pensioner, to receive the same, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, 
 and upon conviction thereof may be fined in a sum not exceeding $100 
 and the costs of the prosecution." 
 
 The abuse of this section has grown to such proportions that the 
 above action is deemed necessary for the protection of the pensioners. 
 Exorbitant rates of interest are charged by speculators who evade the 
 exact terms of the section forbidding any ''mortgage, sale, or assign- 
 ment," &c., by becoming the custodian of the pension certificate for the 
 use of the pensioner. The pensioner must necessarily aj^ply to them to 
 execute his voucher, as the same cannot be executed without the ex- 
 hibition of the pension certificate to the officer l)efore whom the voucher 
 is executed. The broker then accompanies the pensioner to the agency 
 and stays with him until his check is cashed, when, as soon as conversion 
 into money takes place, he mulcts the victim in heavy damages and re- 
 tains the pension certificate to repeat the operation at the next «juar- 
 terly i)ayment. This leads the pensioner, in order to avoid the usurious 
 interest charged, to allege the loss of the original certificate for the jnir- 
 pose of procuring a duplicate; which being done, he evades the broker, 
 often hypothecates with another broker the duplicate and repeats the 
 same transaction at the next (juarterly payment. It is believed that the 
 amendment suggested will speedily cure the evils spoken of and bring 
 about a better condition of things. 
 
 PROTECTION OF PENSION AGENTS. 
 
 In the administi-ation of section 47G5 the i)ension agent is, I find, 
 placed in an embarrassing attitude as regards the identity ol the pen- 
 sioner. Ue is required to make i)ayment by cheek payable to order. 
 The assistant treasurers and banks of deposit, who liave no means of as- 
 certaining the identify of the payee, must retiyire one of two things; 
 first, the indorsement of the check by some person known to the bank, 
 or some certification by the pension agent that th«' iiulorsement of the 
 check is the genuine signatun^ of the true pensioner. The first method 
 results in some i)laces very disastrously to the pensioner, who is fi-e- 
 quently compelled to pay large sums of money to secure the necessary in- 
 dorsement. The second method is only available witiiin the corp<uate 
 limits of the town where tlie agency is situated, and i-enders the pension 
 agent personally responsible to the paying bank when no such resp»»n- 
 sibility should attach. I find in section 47(r.. above referred to, abundant 
 power vested in the Secretary of the Interior to prescribe the manner
 
 746 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 iu which th(i Meiitity of tho ])ensioner may be established. There bein;j 
 no adociiiate refjulatioii governing this point, I reapectfnll}- ree()m)nen<l 
 that you prescribe such regulations at the earliest possible moment. A 
 bill is now pending belbre Congress which confei's upon the Commis- 
 sioner of Pensions the power in certain cases to require the ])aynient by the 
 pension agent to a pensioner in cash, where the interests of the govern- 
 ment and the pensioner seem to require it. I think the same passed 
 the House and is now before the Senate Committee on Pensions, and I 
 believe will early become a law. If so, this will relieve the office from 
 the necessity of seeing iiensioners at remote places swindled by persons 
 selling their indorsement, and enable it to do justice in many cases 
 where now it cannot be done. 
 
 OVEEPAYMENTS TO PENSIONERS. 
 
 It frequently happens that erroneous payment or overpayment is 
 made to a pensioner, whereby he receives much more than the amount 
 to which he is entitled. It has been the i)ractice to withhold the pen- 
 sion not yet accrued until it shall have amounted to a sufficient sum to 
 cover the overpayment. I ask that this practice be given the sanctioii 
 of law, as thereby no hardship can come to the pensioner, nor is his 
 right to proper pension thereby reduced a penny, but the government 
 is by this means reimbursed and protected against loss. I would rec- 
 ommend that this provision be attached to section 476G, as a proviso or 
 amendment, and that the said moneys be covered into the Treasury 
 when sufficient has been withheld to reimburse the overpayment, with- 
 out the voucher or receipt of the pensioner, his receipt for the overpay- 
 ment being a sufficient one to protect the pension agent upon his boud. 
 
 ATTORNEYS' PEES. 
 
 In my last annual report I dwelt at some length upon the subject of 
 claim-agents and attorneys, and their fees. Experience fully justifies 
 me, in my opinion, in all that was said iu that report touching this 
 subject, and I wish to refer to it and make it a part of this. Much time 
 and labor are spent in the prosecution of claims by attorneys and agents, 
 who, after years of labor, find themselves confined to a fee of 610, and, 
 in self-interest^ resort to subterfuges and devious methods to obtain a 
 greater fee from the claimant. I think this otfice sliould be relieved 
 from the vast amount of annoyance caused by the petty prosecution of 
 men, j)erhaps not otherwise dishonest, who find the opportuuity offered 
 by the receipt of large sums of arrears of ]>ensiou by their principals 
 to collect from them a greater fee than is allowed by tlie act of June iiU, 
 1878, too great a temptation to be borne. Wherever such cases come to 
 my knowledge, it is my duty, and 1 have endeavored to discharge it, by 
 prosecuting the offender and disbarring him from practice. The ofiense 
 is often so trifling that it is exceedingly annoying to be compelled to set 
 so much force upoii such small and seemingly unimportant outside mat- 
 ters. In my opinion, the remedy lies, as 1 have before recommended, 
 in the substantial re-enactment of the law in force at the time said act 
 of June 20, 1878, was passed — the salient i)oiuts to be covered being: 
 First, the establishment of a reasonable fee for the claim agent or attor- 
 ney; second, the agreement therefor to be by written contract, which 
 as to amount of the fee, shall be subject to the a])i)TOval and discre- 
 tion of the Commissioner of Pensions, and the form to be i)rescribed 
 by him J third, the payment of such fee to be contingent upon the sue-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 747 
 
 cesslul prosecutiou (»f tbe claim; fourth, tlie payment tliereot to be 
 luadt^ by tlie pension agent: Avitli such .iiuanlcd ])rovisi()ns to be enacted 
 as 'wiil prevent injustice being (bine claimants wliose claims ai-e already 
 on iile, where i)aymeut of some i)art of the l*e«' has been made in advance, 
 so that the claimant shall have the full benefit of such payment. I can- 
 not but believe that a well-guarded law <jf this character will attract to 
 the i)ensioii i)ractice an honorable and upright class of attorneys, who 
 cannot now alford to undertake the busiuess for the fee, and wlio are un- 
 willing to be annoyed by such employmeut under tlie restrictions as 
 they exist under the i)re8ent law. 
 
 Jn this connection I would recommend that section 5485, prescribing 
 a ])enalty for the reception or retention of an illegal fee, be amended as 
 follows: Strike out the words following "than is provided," in line — , in 
 said section, the words "in the title pertaining to i)ension," and insert 
 in lieii thereof the words " by law." 
 
 REMOVAL OF DISABILITIES OF NAVAL EX-CONFEDERATES. 
 
 In my opinion the benefits of the act approved March 3, 1877, which 
 removes the disabilities of those, who, having particijiated in the rebel- 
 lion, have since its termination enlisted in the Army of the United States 
 and have become disabled, should be extended to those who served in 
 the Xavy. 
 
 EXTENDING BENEFITS OF ARREARS ACT TO CERTAIN REGULAR 
 ARMY AND NAVY CASES. 
 
 I am A^ery averse to making any suggestion which would amend, alter, 
 or change in any manner the provisions of the so-called arrears act 
 finally approved March 3, 1879; but there is one class of cases against 
 wJiich this act operates most unjustly, and I think the law should be 
 amended so as to cure that defect. 1 refer to claims of widows and in- 
 valid soldiers of the regular Army antl Xavy, whose rights have accrued 
 since June 30, 1880. They should be allowed a reasonable time, say 
 two to five years, in which to tile their ai)plications, and poision should 
 date from the connnencement of the accruing of the right, instead of, as 
 now, from the date of the tiling of the application. 
 
 EXTENDING THE BENEFITS OF THE ACT OF JUNE 10, 1880. 
 
 It seems to me that in the provisions of the act of June 10, 1880, an 
 unjust discrimination has been made. I would respectfully reconunend 
 that such legislation be had as will admit those who are utterly help- 
 less to the benefits of the i)rovisions of this act, to date from the time 
 when they became utterly helpless; and its benefits should also extend 
 to those who were entitled, by reason of their ]ieli)lessness, to the rate 
 of $50, at a date later than the passage of th«> act, or who, for some 
 other cause, were not actually upon the rolls at that gra<le on that 
 exact day, but afterwards showed themselves to bo entitled from a date 
 anterior thereto. 
 
 PENSION AGENTS. 
 
 I now come to the consideration of a subjeiit in which I fi^el great inter- 
 est. As the i)ension-roll is becoming daily larger and larger, the duties 
 devolving upon the agents lor tlie payment «)f j tensions ar»' bef<»mingmoro 
 arduous and complicated. These othcers are retiuired, under the strictest 
 possible forms, to furnish sutiicient bond in the sum of 130,000, with jus-
 
 748 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 tified security to the extent of $300,000. They are required to give their 
 individual attention ahnost incessantly to the work under their charge, 
 and yet must intrust many of its details to subordinates. They receive 
 their" pay in what seems to me an illogical and roundabout manner. They 
 are not allowed anything for the first 4,000 vouchers. After that they 
 receive a fee of 15 cents for each- voucher. Out of the fund thus created 
 they are required to pay for clerical labor, office furniture, stationery, and 
 ordinary postage. Why they should be thus treated as a class, I am 
 at a loss to understand. They are, without exception, men of first-rate 
 abilities, and entitled to the highest confidence, and their record has 
 been almost without a parallel in the history of officers who have had 
 to disburse a like amount of money, for exemptions from loss to the gov- 
 ernment or mistakes in making wrong payments or otherwise. They 
 should be furnished with stationery and office furniture at the govern- 
 ment expense. The roundabout payment of fees should be abolished. 
 They are engaged in disbursing moneys, and will in the present year 
 disburse a sum amounting to something like $100,000,000. There are 
 eighteen of these pension agents. My recommendation therefore is that 
 they be paid a salary of $5,000 per annum and a reasonable allowance 
 for necessary clerical assistance ; that they be allowed the use of the pen- 
 alty envelope, as other officers are, and under the same restrictions. 
 Such a change, I am confident, would result in a saving to the govern- 
 ment — or at least there would be no increase in the amount annually 
 appropriated for the payment of their ser^ices, and would much simplify 
 the business at their offices. The size of the bond required, the tre- 
 mendous amount of money disbursed by them, and the high character 
 of the men now employed, and the further fact that it will not mate- 
 rially increase the amount required to be appropriated aunually for this 
 service, justify the statement, and I therefore make thiis recommenda- 
 tion. 
 
 SPECIAL EXAlVnNATIONS. 
 
 The operations of this division during the last year have been fully 
 set forth in the table submitted with this report, and the results are 
 such that they may be examined, I think, with profit. The plan of af- 
 fording a claimant an opportunity to be present and cross-examine any 
 witnesses who testify against him, and the cross-examination of witnesses 
 who testify in behalf of the claimant, by the examiner acting on behalf of 
 the government, has been conducive to the establishment of a good feel- 
 ing between claimants and the Pension Office, and has conveyed, as it 
 properly should, the widespread impression of a desire on the part of the 
 office to execute the pension laws in the spirit of liberality and fairness 
 with which they were framed. The inauguration of any new system 
 radically changing an old one is, of course, at first attended by certain 
 difficulties which longer experience and more careful study will enable 
 the office to avoid or overcome. The whole tendency of the work of 
 this division has been, and will continue to be, to condense, as much as 
 possible, and to confine the examination to the particular points clothed 
 in doubt. It is my intention, as soon as it can be conveniently done, to 
 divide the country into about two hundred districts, within each of 
 which a special examiner will be placed, to whom all cases from his dis- 
 trict, in which there is absence of record, or where an adverse record is 
 found, and where the claim is sought to be established by parol evi- 
 dence only, will be referred for special examination. A short, sensible, 
 and careful examination of witnesses at claimant's home, a contact with 
 the claimant or pensioner himself, and the know^ledge acquired as to the
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 749 
 
 estimation in which he is held by his comrades and the community in 
 which he resides, will, I think, j)ut the office in i^ossession of the one 
 thiug lacking in order to justly settle claims. 
 
 Much time of this force during the past year has been consumed in 
 the re-examination of cases which had i)reviously been specially exam- 
 ined under the ex parte system, and the results shown are not, I believe, 
 as satisfactory in the aggregate as they will be at the end of the present 
 year. So far as I can now see, the system in operation gives reasonable 
 satisfaction, and supplies the want which has been felt for many years 
 in the adjudication of cases. Congress, at its last session, clothed 
 special examiners with the power necessary to compel the attendance of 
 witnesses, and was extremely generous in amending the laws pertain- 
 ing to their duties, so that it would seem nothing was left undone to 
 give the system a full and complete opportunity to accomplish the re- 
 sults aimed at. I tind, however, that in one or two particulars omis- 
 sions have been made, which have been taken advantage of to the injury 
 of the service. First, persons have been found in various ptu-ts of the 
 country holding themselves out to be special examiners of the Pension 
 Office, exhibiting forged papers, and by this means have succeeded in 
 committing many frauds upon pensioners. I suggest the enactment of 
 a clause which will make the false personation of a pension examiner a 
 felony, to be punished by tine and imprisonment upon conviction. I 
 would also suggest the enactment of a clause which will make it a high 
 misdemeanor for any person to interfere with a special examiner in the 
 discharge of his duties, by violence, threat, or otherwise, the same to be 
 punishable by fine or imprisonment upon conviction. 
 
 WITHDRAWAL OR REDUCTION OF PENSION. 
 
 I would suggest that the following be enacted touching the drop])ing 
 of pensioners from the rolls, or the reduction of rate of pension. As it 
 is now, it is questionable whether there is any law upon the subject to 
 directly give the Commissioner of Pensions the necessary powers or im- 
 posing the ijroper restrictions: 
 
 That sections 4771, 4772, and 4773 of tho Revised Statutes of the United States, pro- 
 viding for biennial examinations of pensioners, are hereby repealed: Provided, That 
 the Commissioner of Pensions shall have tho same power as heretofore to order special 
 examinations whenever, in his judgment, tlie same may he necessary, and to increase 
 or reduce the pension according to right and justice ; but in no case shall a i>ension 
 be withdrawn or reduced cxc("i)t upon notice of not less than sixty days to the pen- 
 sioner, and a hearing upon sworn testimony, exce])t when tin- reduction or dropping of 
 an invalid pension is made upon tho certiticato of a board of examining surgeons. 
 
 DESERTION. 
 
 The question of desertion in connection with that of title to pension 
 shoidd be delinitely settled by law. A pension ts in i\o svusv a reward 
 for faithful and meritorious S(*rvi(;e, but a jiayment for loss of jjliysical 
 ability to earn a livelihood. Therefore, desertion subsetpient to the in- 
 currence of a disability and a refusal of the War l)ei)artment to change the 
 record should not carry with it a forfeiture of right to pension. The hiw 
 should provide that pension, in any case in which a charge of desertion 
 stands unremoved, shall coiuijience on tho date from which the contract 
 for service in which disabled legally terminated, to be ascert.ained from 
 tho date to which last paid for service ; provided, however, that tiie 
 date of discharge from a subse(juent service entered into before the 
 legal termination of the service in which disabled shall be the date 
 from which to commence the pension. y
 
 760 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING TTTE 
 
 CLERICAL FORCE OF THE OFFICE. 
 
 Ill coin))liai)co, witli tlio recommendation of my last report, and recogniz- 
 ing: the evident necessities of the case, the Forty-seventh Congress brought 
 forward an approjiriation bill giving this office a force of 1,559 (;lerks, 
 involving an annual expenditure of $1,957,150 for their payment. It 
 is greatly to be regretted that so much time was consumed in the con- 
 sideration of the details of the appropriation bill, so that it was as late 
 as August 5th before we were enabled to know that the bill had passed, 
 and could take stejis looking toward the selection of the large increased 
 force. It was a matter of very great iiniiortance that, in order to ac- 
 complish the objects aimed at, the force should be selected with great 
 care, and the honorable Secretary of the Interior is to be congratulated 
 upon the general results flowing from the deliberation and care with 
 which he has addressed himself to this most important work. 
 
 The appointments made under the bill are for the most part able and 
 worthy men, those who have been soldiers predominating. The num- 
 ber also includes a large proportion of men who have received an 
 academic or collegiate education, and a very large number are men 
 who have brought to the office considerable legal knowledge and ex- 
 perience. The bill hj its terms enabled me to perfect the organization 
 and strengthen many weak points, notably the medical consideration 
 given to cases. Selections have been made for medical reviewers 
 which will enable the office to give a much more intelligent considera- 
 tion to the great majority of invalid cases, which now frequently in- 
 volve close pathological connections between diseases existing and those 
 contracted in the service, and I think I can now say that the medical 
 division, as at present newly organized, is both in its personnel and 
 ability as good as can be had for the salaries which we are able to pay, 
 and is capable of the highest efficiency in that particular division of 
 the office. 
 
 As I have said before, it is a matter of regret that we could not have 
 had the benefit of the generous appropriation, and the force thereby 
 authorized, for the whole fiscal year, instead of only for about two-thirds 
 thereof, for the sake of the results expected from us with large addition 
 of clerks. As it is, although all the appointments have been made, yet 
 there are many who have refrained from reporting, and it was not until 
 October 1 that we Avere able to largely increase the various adjudicating 
 divisions, and not until Xovember 1 that the bulk of the force was sworu 
 in and put at work. This, however, may be remedied, to some extent, if 
 Congress will authorize the employment of the lapsed fund created by 
 our inability to use the entire proportion of the whole appropriation for 
 July, August, September, and October. The pay-roll for those months 
 will have consumed $154,550.19, while the four months' proportion of 
 the whole year's appropriation is $652,383.33, leaving an unexpended 
 balance, in the first quarter, of 8H)7, 883.11. I would recommend that 
 you request Congress to place this fund at your disposal, by joint reso- 
 lution, for the employment of such a temporary additional force for this 
 office as can be carried by it for the remainder of the fiscal year. 
 
 TENURE OF OFFICE. 
 
 I submit a table liereM'ith which will repay careful examination. It 
 is a showing of the longevity of tenure of clerks in this office, and will 
 be interesting in connection with the general subject of the civil ser-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 751 
 
 vice. As will be seen thereby, aside from the clerks ai)pointed in 1881, 
 the average tenure of the clerks in office at the date of preparing this 
 table, to wit, about the 15th of July, 1882, had been six years and one 
 month, and counting in the increased force of 1881 who are still in ofiice, 
 the average tenure of the whole force was four and a half years. This 
 security of tenure to intelligent and expert clerks is, 1 believe, greatly 
 conducive to efficiency, and oilers an assurance to those thereafter ap- 
 pointed that clerks who possess and exercise the desirable qualifications 
 so well and graphically expressed by the President in his message to 
 the present Congress, namely, "])r(>bity, industry, good sense, good 
 habits, good temper, patience, manly d«^lerence to superior ollicers, and 
 manly consideration for inferiors," will be recognized as worthy a long 
 and secure tenure, not to be ruthlessly terminated, ami is therefore 
 an incentive to good habits and conscientious industry in work. 
 
 Xumler of clerics now in the Pensioti Office, July 15, 1882, and the several years in which 
 
 they were ajypointed. 
 
 Tear. 
 
 No. ap- 
 pointed. 
 
 Tear. 
 
 No. ap- 
 pointwl. 
 
 1848 ^ 
 
 1 I 
 1 i 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 1872 
 
 23 
 
 1853 
 
 1873 
 
 1j 
 
 1861 
 
 1874 
 
 14 
 
 1882 
 
 187.5 
 
 22 
 
 1863 
 
 1876 
 
 21 
 
 1804 
 
 1877 
 
 33 
 
 1865 
 
 1878 
 
 40 
 
 1866 
 
 ".ill 
 
 1873 
 
 76 
 
 1867 
 
 1 
 18 
 12 
 34 
 
 ]8'<0 
 
 72 
 
 1868 
 
 1881 
 
 240 
 
 1869 
 
 1882 
 
 59 
 
 1870 
 
 Present nnniher of praploy6» 
 
 
 1871 
 
 741 
 
 
 
 Averag* tenure of force, abont four and a lialf years. 
 
 Average tenure of force (exclucive of appointments in 1881-'82), aboat six years. 
 
 BUILDINGS AND ACCOMlttODATIONS FOE THE FORCE. 
 
 Both the two large buildings now occupied by the force of this office, 
 to wit, that upon the " Old Kirkwood House site," on the corner of Twelfth 
 street and Pennsylvania avenue, and the "Eagle P.uilding," formerly oc- 
 cupied t\v the Census Bureau, on the corner of Tiiirteenth street and 
 Pennsylvania avenue, were not intended, in their original construction, 
 for the accommodation of any large numl)er of })eople engaged in the 
 transaction of the public business, yet, by judicious alteiali<ius, they 
 have been so arranged as to accommodatii the great force of tliis ollice 
 with the least possible inconvenience. The crowded comlition of the 
 buildings, however, deprives us of mmdi necessary spjice to properly 
 care for the valuable records of this olli(H', which, once destroyed, could 
 never be rei)Iaced, and which are constantly anil daily increasing in vol- 
 ume. To such an extent does this increase of valual)h» archives continue 
 to advance, that it becomes an absolute lu'cessity lor the proper preser- 
 vation of the files, that a tire-proof building of sullicient tlimensions be 
 added to the buihling now oc<'.uj»ied, and fire-]>roof files wlKUild be like- 
 wise provided tlieri'in for the ]»ropercare;ind custody of the i)a])ers. This 
 will involve an expendilure, as nearly as I can estimate, of about $50,000; 
 and I ask that you recommend to Congicss the appropriation of that sum
 
 752 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 for that purpose at the earliest possible moment. I also desire, for the 
 safety of the valuable lives crowded into the above-mentioned buildings, 
 from which, in case of fire or panic, there are no adequate means of es- 
 cape, that suitable fire-escapes be placed ui)on both. In my opinion, an 
 appropriation of $6,000 will accomplish this end and aftbrd the protection 
 to which the persons enj^aged in the work of the office are entitled. I 
 therefore recommend that Congress be asked to make an appropriation 
 therefor at the earliest practicable date. 
 
 THE PENSION POPULATION. 
 
 It is an irreparable loss, which can only now be regretted, but which 
 may be repaired in the future, that in the taking of the Tenth Census 
 no provision was made for ascertaining the exact status of the soldiers 
 and pension population of this country. All calculations, without such 
 accurate data which could have thus be,en furnished , must necessarily 
 be pure estimates, mid not entirely reliable because of the lack of known 
 facts. I find upon investigation that there is a lamentable lack of knowl- 
 edge on the part of the Adjutant-generals of the different States as to 
 the actual number of men enlisted in their States during the war, and 
 what became of them at discharge; and we are, save in a few States, left 
 without accurate krowledge upon this subject. 
 
 In my opinion, there is no question so befogged in mystery, and 
 needing so much and more complete knowledge of its detail, than what 
 may be termed the possibilities of the future with, regard to the pen- 
 sion business. Having confessed my inability to procure the necessary 
 exact data from the different States, with a few notable exceptions, and 
 it being impossible for the Adjutant- General of the Army, in the present 
 crowded condition of his work, to compile an exact statement of the 
 actual individual enlistments, it may seem presumptuous on my part to 
 offer any prognostications upon this subject. However, as one means 
 to that end' I have carefully prepared a statement which is embodied in 
 Table No. 12, which shows the total number of enlistments in each 
 organization from each State, so far as I have been able to procure 
 them, and also a showing of the total applications for pension from each 
 organization, both as to invalids and as to the representatives of deceased 
 soldiers. This being compiled by States will afford you at a glance some 
 idea of what still remains to be done, and what we may expect in the future. 
 Taking such data as I consider reliable, I have made the following compu- 
 tations, and I submit them for your consideration for what they maybe 
 worth, hoping thereby to awaken an interest on the part of Congress in 
 the subject, that wiU result in a still more accurate knowledge of what is 
 to be looked for. The proposition is as follows: 
 
 How many persons are there now living who served in the Army 
 during the late rebellion, or who bore a pensionable relation to those 
 who served, who have not yet applied for pension? The Adjutant- 
 General of the United States Army reports the following aggregate of 
 enlistment for the different periods of service, to wit: For sixty days, 
 2,045 ; for three months' service, 108,416; for one hundred days' service, 
 85,507; for four months' service, 42; for six months' service, 26,118 ; for 
 eight months' service, 373 ; for nine months' service, 89,899 ; for one year's 
 service, 393,706; for two years' service, 44,400; for three years' service, 
 2,028,630 ; for four years' service, 1,042 ; making a grand total of enlist- 
 ment, 2,780,178. 
 
 Taking tiiis as the basis of my calculation I have endeavored to ascer-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 753 
 
 tain the number of individual enlistments; that is, excludinj^ second, 
 third, fourth, and subsequent enlistments of the same person. The 
 result of my investi,ijation and estimate ujion this]K'int shows an ap^fjre- 
 gate of 2,046,969 different individuals who enlisted for greater or less 
 periods during the war. To this numl)er should be added the number 
 of persons serving in the EegularArmy and Navy at the comnnTncement 
 of the war, viz, 16,422. So tliat the grand total of individual persons who 
 entered the service during the war may be approximately stated to bo 
 2,063,391. and this number includes all individual enlistments in the 
 Army and Navy employed in the suppression of the rebellion. 
 
 Up to the 1st of Jidy, 1882, there have been filed by Army invalids, 
 450,890 applications for pension. Up to the same date there have been 
 filed 294,277 applicatiens on behalf of the service of deceased soldiers. 
 There have been filed by Xavy invalids 7,663, and by those representing 
 deceased sailors, 3,294. This makes an aggregate of those who have 
 applied for pension of 756,119 out of the whole number who enlisted, as 
 before stated. 
 
 As near as I^an ascertain there are about 86,800 representatives of 
 deceased soldiers who have not yet applied for pension, and 1,000,469 
 survivors of the war who have not yet applied for pension, and 220,000 
 who died during and since the war, who left no pensionable relatives 
 surviving them. The following tables, numbered 1, 2, and 3, compre- 
 hend the above calculation and present them in understandable shape: 
 
 Table 1. — Beduced to periods of service only, shows the following aggregates for the dif' 
 ferent periods in the Army and yary, to nit : 
 
 Periods of enlistment. Namber. 
 
 60 days ... 
 
 3 months . 
 100 days.. 
 
 4 months . 
 6 months . 
 
 8 months . 
 
 9 months . 
 
 2,045 
 108,416 
 85,807 
 4-2 
 26,118 
 373 
 80.809 
 lyear j 393,700 
 
 2 years 44,400 
 
 3 years | 2,028, BS") 
 
 4 years ,...i 1,042 
 
 Aggregate enlistments. 
 
 3, 780, 178 
 
 Table 2. — Estimate of the nximher of individuals who served during the late icar. 
 
 Number who died durinp the war .304, 369 
 
 Nniiil)cr who w(>ro di.sehiir;;od for dis.iltility 2H.'>, .'vl.'i 
 
 DescrtPis (less tlio.sc iiircstt'd an<l 2') jxt cent, additional) l-'S,;jr>'2 
 
 Ont'-tliird of those .serviii;^ ttTiiiH of less tban wiie year (estimated that two- 
 
 thinh thereof rc-eiili.sled) I IO4, 13.J 
 
 One-half of those scrvin;^ more than one year and less than two yearn (es- 
 timated that one-half re-enlisted) 2-2J,0.'>:{ 
 
 Number in the service May 1, 1"<()5 I,(t00, 5U» 
 
 Total 'J,0»t),l)6y 
 
 Add nnniber in Regular Army at comnienrement of the war IC, Iv^i 
 
 Aggrejrate 2, (X;;i,3yi 
 
 48 Ab
 
 754 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Table 3. 
 
 Total number of enlialmonts .as reported by tbo Adjutant-General United 
 
 States Araiy (see details in Table 1 ) 2, 780, 178 
 
 or which there were counted more than once by reason of re-enlistment.. . 716,787 
 
 Actual iutn vidual enlistments during the war (see Table 2) 2, 0G3, 391 
 
 Accounted for as follows : 
 
 1. Living. — Individual soldiers and sailors who have noi applied 
 
 for pension 1, 000, 469 
 
 2. LiVLNG. — Individual soldiers and sailors who have applied for 
 
 pension 458, 553 
 
 3. Dead. — Leaving pensionable relatives who have not applied 
 
 for pension 86,803 
 
 4. Dead. — Leaving pensionable relatives who have applied for 
 
 pension 297,566 
 
 5. Dead. — Leaving no pensionable relatives 220,000 
 
 Total 2,063,391 
 
 As before stated, the information relative to total individual enlist- 
 meuts iu eacli State and Territory is most difficult to obtain, but I have 
 collected from various sources, principally the rosters of each organiza- 
 tion, as published in the reports of the adjutant-generals of certain 
 States, a complete list in a few instances, and nearly complete in others, 
 so that of sixteen States I am able to show 72 per cent, of the total in- 
 dividual enlistments. Taking the basis afforded by the above (72 per 
 cent, of the total number of individual enlistments), aud we find out of 
 the total number of soldiers who served during the war, pension has 
 been applied for by, or on account of, 26 per cent, of the whole number. 
 
 In the States which purport to give the total enlistments, a discrep- 
 ancy may appear if compared with accessible results, occasioned by the 
 accredited enlistments of certain States belonging to the military- organ- 
 ization of another, as they are reported and classified in the latter, but 
 as the enlistments are compared with the number who have applied 
 for pension in each military organization, the proportions or percent- 
 ages are not affected; e. g., in the State of Kentucky there were cred- 
 ited to her quotaof enlistments 22,625, which formed nineteen regiments 
 of colored troops and are classed among the "United States colored 
 troops,"' and in Michigan there were 5,020 enlistments assigned to fifty- 
 six different military organizations not belonging to that State. 
 
 The general proposition, however, is presented, with the best availa- 
 ble information at hand, that there is a surviving soldier i^opulation of 
 a little over ten hundred thousand, out of which claims for pension in 
 the future may be made by those who incurred pensionable disabilities. 
 
 With such an array of figures, and so much to illhstrate by them, it 
 is necessary for the reader or student of them to keep in mind the spe- 
 cific purpose which they are claimed to illustrate, otherwise a compari- 
 son with results in other tables would seem to show discrepancies. 
 
 Taking the grand totals reported in this table, it shows the total 
 number who have applied for pension, 654,578, including the invalids, 
 widows, minor children, and dependent relatives, while a reference to 
 table number 5 shows that 758,380 of the same have been tiled. Ex- 
 cluding the old war applications, there remains a difference of nearly 
 100,000 claims. In the latter aud larger number are included all appli- 
 cations filed for pension, which may include an invalid who dies, his 
 widow who applies and remarries, and then the minor children, being 
 in this instance three pension claims on account of the same soldier. 
 
 In the former table it has been the imrpose to report in each classifi-
 
 REPORT OF THE SECEETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 755 
 
 cation only one pension or claim for each individual soldier, so that if 
 the invalid applies and is pensioned, dies, and the widow then applies 
 and is pensioned, she dies or remairies, and a claim is made for the 
 minor children and they are pensioned, it is reported but once, and 
 then as a claim for a minor, "admitted," or "pending:," as the case may 
 be, without taking note of the former pensions or of the applications, 
 the object not being to show the number who have applied or been 
 pensioned for each individual service, but the number of iudividuaL 
 services on account of which pension has been claimed or allowed. 
 
 APPEALS. 
 
 During the past year there have been 409 appeals from the decision 
 of the Commissioner of Pensions to the Secretary of the Interior. Of 
 this number 20 have been reversed by you and the proper action taken 
 in pursuance thereof. In 284 cases you have seen lit to sustain my ac- 
 tion, and 83 cases have been reopened by this oflice, and 16 cases still 
 remain undecided. 
 
 All of the above-mentioned decisions which settle new and leading 
 questions are prqmptly copied and a carefully printed syllabus of each 
 is prepared, and the same distributed among the force for their instruc- 
 tion. In this connection I cannot in too strong terms state the benefits 
 which have been derived by the i)reparatiou and general distribution 
 among the examiners, of the laws, decisions, and rulings of the Secre- 
 taries and the orders and rulings of Pension Commissioners. It is my 
 intention to republish the same, revised to date, and also a treatise upon 
 the practice of the department in pension cases, which has been pre- 
 pared with great care by Deputy Commissioner C. B. Walker, and will 
 prove of incalculable benefit in the expedition and uniform treatment 
 of claims. 
 
 In conclusion I wish to express the sense of obligation I am under 
 for the consideration shown me by the Secretary, during my first year's 
 administration of this difficult office. With the means now at my dis- 
 posal it will be inexcusable, if the largest bureau of this department 
 does not produce results that will reflect credit upon your administra- 
 tion. I trust, however, that you will make some allowance for tlie time 
 of experienced examiners lost to the present settlement of claims in 
 instructing the new force in their duties. I wish also to say tliat much 
 of the efficiency of this bureau during the past year is due to the ability 
 and zeal with which I have been supported by my deputy commissioners 
 and chief clerk, and also to the unremitting industry and executive 
 ability of my chiefs of division, as well as the general efficiency of the 
 force under their direction. 
 
 Respectfully submitted. 
 
 W. W. DUDLEY, 
 
 Commissioner,
 
 756 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 KEPORT OF THE ARCHITECT OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 CAPITOL. 
 
 Sir : I have tlio honor to submit tlie annual report, showing the 
 progress made since the last annual report in the various works under 
 the direction of the Architect of the Capitol, and a statement of the ex- 
 penditures made on account of the same during the fiscal year ending 
 June 30, 1882. 
 
 THE CAPITOL. 
 
 At the beginning of the present Congress several additional rooms 
 were required for the use of committees. So urgent was this demand, 
 that rooms formerly occupied for storage and even ends of corridors 
 have been fitted up to meet this want. 
 
 Rooms are now being made, as provided by law, In the crypt for the 
 storing of books connected with the Library of Congress. 
 
 The file-room connected with the office of the Clerk of the House of 
 Representatives has been extended in a fire-proof manner and furnished 
 with iron shelving and metallic file-cases. 
 
 Bathing-rooms, as provided by a joint resolution, have been fitted up 
 in the basement of the south wing, and the space formerly occupied by 
 them has been annexed to the restaurant and put in condition for use. 
 As many members have expressed a desire to have the marble tubs 
 which were taken from the old bathing-rooms again brought into use, I 
 have caused the two most free from cracks to be placed in the base- 
 ment, in rooms constructed for that purpose. 
 
 The elevator in the House wing has been completed, and that in the 
 Senate is being rebuilt so as to insure additional safety and speed. A 
 warehouse lift, controlled by steam-jjower, is being put in the Senate 
 wing for the convenient handling of documents connected with the 
 folding-room at the basement. 
 
 A large amount of painting and other repairs have been made 
 throughout the building. 
 
 The condition of the iron- work of the dome was found to be such that 
 much of the old paint had to be taken off by mechanical and chemical 
 means to get rid of the cracks, many of which had exposed the iron and 
 caused rust stains. This condition appeared mostly confined to that 
 part of the work which during its construction was primed with " plum- 
 bago" paint. 
 
 The old portion of the copper roof near the dome and over the rooms 
 occupied by the Library of Congress has been so injured by materials 
 falling upon it when the dome was in course of construction that it can 
 no longer be kept weather-tight, and I recommend that a new roof be 
 placed over this portion of the structure the coming building season. 
 
 The heating apparatus of both wings has been kept in good running 
 order. Of that of the House of Representatives — the running of which 
 the Architect has more immediate charge — ^Mr. Lannan, the engineer, in 
 his report, says : 
 
 Through the entire session of the last Congress the daily ohservations commenced 
 last year were continued, accompanied by accurate instrumental teats and measure- 
 ments. Of that which pertained to the heating and veiijbilating of the hall of the 
 House of Representatives they have been carefiiUy taken, tabulated, and preserved.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 757 
 
 They show for the period embraced iu the months of December, January, February, 
 March, and April the following results, viz : 
 
 Average relative humidity, per ccut .46^ 
 
 Average revolution fan per minute 58 
 
 Volume of air carried to hall by each revolution of fun, cubic feet .^ 833 
 
 Volume of air carried to hall jjer minute by each revolution of fan, cubic 
 
 feet 47,872 
 
 Volume for each person present, per minute, cubic feet Gt 
 
 Volume removed for each person present, per minute, cubic feet 72 
 
 It will be observed that the volume of air removed was somewhat greater than that 
 delivered. This fact is largely due to the expansion of the air, as the measurements 
 of the air delivered was made at its temperature at the outside, while that of the air 
 expelled was made at the point of exit of the building, where it was heated and con- 
 sequently increased in volume. During the Garticld memorial services, when there 
 were 2,400 persons present in the hall, the macbinery and appliances of this depart- 
 ment were severely tested and with most satisfactory results. There were forced into 
 the hall 113.885 cubic feet of air per minxite,that being nearly 48 feet to each person 
 per minute. The temperature of the hall was likewise under easy control, as there 
 was but one degree variation of temperature during this whole ceremony, the ther- 
 mometer ran^n^ between 69° and 70*^. 
 
 The small fan nas been taken down and reset, and the boilers have been repaired and 
 placed in good order. As these boilers have now been in use twenty-four years, they 
 have been stripped of all their coverings, thoroughly examined, and, to all appear- 
 ances, are perfectly strong and secure ; but during the next recess I am of the opinion 
 that extensive repairs will have to be made to them. I am gratified that as a further 
 measure of precaution you have requested the Secretai'y of the Navy to detail some 
 of the engineer officers of his department to make a fiirther test and inspection of 
 these boilers. 
 
 The boilers above referred to have, iu conformity with an order from 
 the Navy Department, been inspected by Messrs. John Lowe and W. B. 
 Bailey, i^assed assistant engineers United States Navy, who report as 
 follows : 
 
 The boilers, four in number, were entirely stripped of their brick jackets, thua 
 wholly expcsing their exterior surfaces. The fire-boxes were first carefully inspected ; 
 during the time each was undergoing inspection the boiler was subjected to a hydro- 
 static pressure of 110 pounds per square inch, none of the flat surfaces in the fire- 
 boxes showing any signs of weakness. 
 
 The following defects were found, however : 
 
 In furnace No. 1, three patches about the water-legs and one small blister. 
 
 In furnace No. 2, one small crack in the tube sheet and one patch on the water-leg. 
 
 In furnace No. 3, two patches and one blister on the water-legs. 
 
 In furnace No. 4, one blister, three patches, and one crack. 
 
 These defects do not materially impair the efficiency of the boilers, but wo would 
 recommend that the blisters be carefully watched and cut out if they are foond to 
 increase. 
 
 The water was then lot out of the boilers, manhole plates removed, and the interior 
 of the boilers examined. The boilers are well and sufficiently bnico<l ; the iron, such 
 as can be seen, presents no signs of corrosion, mud deposit, or incnistation. 
 
 These boilers were built by Ellis &. Sons, of Washington, in 1857, and are conse- 
 quently twenty-five years old. Notwithstanding their great length of service, owing 
 to good material and workmanship in construction, careful management, and the use 
 of pure fresh water, we find them in good condition, and in our opinion perfectly safe 
 for a working pressure of forty pounds per square inch. 
 
 ELECTEIO LIGHTING. 
 
 As relates to the machinery for electric lip:htin<r, ^Mr. A. B. Talcott, 
 electrician of the House of Representatives, states that on entering ujwn 
 his duties February 1, 1882, ho found the coils and burners over tho Hall 
 of Representatives in excellent condition, and says in his report that — 
 
 Through long use the switches had become so burned and oxydiztul as to b« wholly 
 unreliable. It being impossible to make the necessary repairs while Congress wiw in 
 session, a temi)orary system of connections was improvised which proved satisfuctory 
 for the time being. New switches, less expensive and moro readily accessible, will bo 
 pat in before the reassembling of Congress.
 
 758 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The electric ralvcB, by •which the paa is turned on and shut off the hnrucrs, have 
 ■become worn, causing slight leaks. Tliose are now being changed so as to place them 
 under control of the operator at the switch board, and prevent leakage. From long 
 Bse and frequent temporary repairs the connections between the burners in the Rotunda 
 have become bared so as to form ground connections on the slightest movement of the 
 glass globe. Th^se will be renewed with new coils and supports for the same during 
 the coming month. 
 
 The engine, dynamo-machine, and other apparatus are in good condition. During 
 the months of March, April, and May a series of experiments was made by the Amer- 
 ican Electric Light Company in connection with their incandescent light, but through 
 imperfections in their machinery no results were reached that would furnish data of 
 any value. These experiments were conducted at their own expense, the use of the 
 government engine being allowed them for motive power. 
 
 CAPITOL GROUNDS. 
 
 Eelating to the Capitol grounds, Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted, land- 
 scape architect, furnishes the following report accompauied with an ap- 
 pendix, forming an index to trees about the Capitol, with advice to visitors 
 interested in them. He says: 
 
 The principal construction works upon the Capitol grounds dxtring the fiscal year 
 ending July 1, 1882, have been the following : 
 
 PROGRESS OF CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 (1.) The southeast entrance-way, which is now completed, except in respect to 
 lighting arrangements. 
 
 (2.) The entrance to the southern system of wheel-ways and walks from Maryland 
 avenue, the stone work of which is complete. 
 
 (3.) The wall and coping on the east and south border by which the inclosure ot 
 the ground is completed. 
 
 (4). The walls, coping, stairs, and drainage arrangements of the direct approach 
 from Marylard avenue to the west entrance of the Capitol. 
 
 (5.) Foundation work of the parapet wall bounding the j)latform between the base 
 of the Capitol and the central field of turf on the west. • 
 
 (6.) Twenty-four thousand square feet of plain and 10,000 square feet of "mosaic" 
 artificial stone flagging. 
 
 The ground adjoining the several new works of masonry, heretofoire temporarily pre- 
 pared, has been broken up, regraded, with improved modeling of the surface, and 
 sodded or planted. 
 
 INCOJIPLETE WORK. — THE TERRACE. 
 
 In reviewing the present aspect of the Capitol it should be borne in mind that the 
 area within a distance of from 100 to 150 feet of the Capitol, including the slopes 
 beyond the high earth works, remains as it was temporarily prepared twenty years 
 ago pending the design of a general plan for the improvement of the ground. The 
 more nearly the improvement beyond this space is brought to realize its local inten- 
 tion, the more unsuitable, shabby, and disorderly must the central and more conspic- 
 uous ground appear, so that the better the work done the less satisfactory is the 
 result as a whole. The anomaly will be more and more marked until the terrace and 
 western stairway shall have been completed and the adjoining ground graded and 
 finished in adaptation to them. 
 
 The present Joint Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds have reviewed the 
 plans for these structures adopted seven years ago by Congress, on the recommenda- 
 tion of their predecessors, and it is understood that all its members are convinced that 
 they should be carried out without needless delay. Until Congress adopts this couclu- 
 sion the Capitol grounds mxist both be seen at disadvantage and produce impressions 
 unjust to the general design incorporating them. 
 
 For the convenience of the committee a brief statement, witli illustrative sketches 
 of the plan ot*the terrace, was prepared last winter. 
 
 The construction of the terrace will involve no breaking up of ground or roads or 
 walks already finished, and need cause no inconvenience to the ordinary business of 
 the Capitol. 
 
 PROGRESS OF PLANTATIONS. 
 
 At the beginning of the year the effect of a summer of extraordinary heat and drought 
 followed by a winter of unprecedented cold, was still marked in the condition of the 
 plantations ; with the exception of a tew broad-leaved evergreens, they have since 
 recovered and are now growing vigorously. The death of certain shrubs the present
 
 REPORT OF THK SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 759 
 
 year has been traced to gas leaks, and it is to be hoped that the time is near when 
 through the introduction of an iiiiiirovcd econouiical method of elfctric lighting the 
 danger attending the nst? of illuniinating gas in i)lanted grounds may be avoided. 
 
 The four lines of plane trees on the west of the Capitol are growing verj- thriftily, 
 but are cheeked and given lop-sided forms by the interference of what remains of the 
 old avenue trees they are designed to flupersede. 
 
 This will be obvious on comparing the crowded trees with others of their kind not 
 so affected. The injury is not, as yet, so great Miat it may not be remedied, but 
 the tiual removal of the remaining old trees, nearly all of which are jilaiuly dist-ased 
 or dilapidated, should not be delayed nu»ro than another year. 
 
 The temporary loss of shade will soon be amply coiupeusated by the overarching of 
 the new trees. 
 
 INDEX TO TliKES. 
 
 There being trees on the ground unknown to many visitors from distant jiarts of 
 the country, upon a suggestion kindly made by members of Congress, labels have 
 been placed before a large number, giving their names, and a map, index, and refer- 
 ences prepared for the use of strangers. To further foster, meet, and lead on to more 
 useful fields any disposition of inquiry that might occur upon the ground in respect 
 to sylviculture, especially with those having little knowledge of the subject, an explan • 
 atory account of the plantations has been added, with advice as to opportunities of 
 fuller information. Copies of all are appended. 
 
 EXTENSION TO COURT HOUSE, WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 The extension to tbis building as antborized by the act of Congress 
 approved Febrnary 23, 18S1, is now approaching completion. The 
 principal story for the nse of tlie courts and offices connected therewith 
 will be ready for occupation during the present season, aiul the other 
 portions of the building will be completed during the coming winter. 
 
 THE COURT HOUSE. 
 
 As the repairs made to the old portion of this building immediately 
 after the storm of June 27, 1881, were only such as were necessary to 
 protect the building and its contents from farther injury from storms, 
 many repairs in the interior of the building, such as plastering, ])ainting, 
 &c., occasioned by the storm, were not made at that time. These repairs, 
 together with many others, renewing and repairing heflting furnaces, 
 and repairs to tin roof of old portion of building, &c., have been made 
 and paid for out of the appropriation of $800 made for annual repairs 
 to City Hall. 
 
 EXTENSION TO G0VERN:VIENT PRINTING OFFICE BUILDINGS AND 
 
 STABLES. 
 
 In accordance with the provisions of the act ap])roved ^Nfareh ."iO, 
 1881, an extension has been erected to this building 1)3 feet by 00 feet, 
 four stories high, and a stable for the accommodation of twenty horses, 
 with a shelter for wagons, at a cost within that preseribccl by hiw. The 
 stable, wagon sheds, and fences connected cost $5,340.20. 
 
 BOTANIC GARDEN. 
 
 During the present year these grounds have been much inii>roved by 
 cutting down the mound over the "Tiber" sewer, aJid witli the earth 
 from the same fdling the lawns to the grade required ft>r the walks. 
 
 The heating apj)aratus, to whifh two new boilers have been a<lded, 
 has been put in good order for the winter and the necessary jiairiting 
 and reglazing has been done. The concrcto walks have been exUMideil. 
 The buildings at the south side of ^faryhuid avenue have been i>nt in a 
 good condition, principally by a<lding new rafters to the "rose" house 
 and new staging in two of the other houses. Next year it will berome 
 necessary to paint the entire conservatory, as much of the iron work is 
 now exposed to the weather.
 
 760 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Statement showing amomite eiepended from June 30, 1881, to June 30, 1682. 
 
 CAPITOL EXTENSION. 
 
 For amount of pay rolls, meclianlcs, laborers, &c $35, 623 68 
 
 For amount of labor uot on rolls, paid by vouchers 508 80 
 
 For amount i}ai(lfor painting material 2,287 13 
 
 For amount paid lor salary of architect 4,500 00 
 
 For amount paid for plumbers' and steam littiug material 2, 452 43 
 
 For amount paid for hardware and iron 1,249 36 
 
 For amount paid for disbursing agent 1,000 00 
 
 For amount paid for lumber 1,324 76 
 
 For amount paid for marble and granite 42 76 
 
 For amount paid for freight and express charges 150 88 
 
 For amount paid for winding and repairing clocks 100 00 
 
 For amount paid for stationery 109 75 
 
 For amount paid for forage 9^ 00 
 
 For amount paid for fresco painting ; 2,620 00 
 
 For amount paid for nickel plating 90 00 
 
 For amount paid for cement, lime, brick, &c 1,487 30 
 
 For amount paid for brushes, soaps, sponges, &c 354 83 
 
 For amount paid for grate bars and castings 949 57 
 
 For amount paid for tile 389 57 
 
 For amount paid for rolled iron bars 1,082 74 
 
 For amount paid for photographs 56 56 
 
 For amount paid for miscellaneous bills 181 25 
 
 Amount available July 1, 1882 146 63 
 
 57, 000 00 
 
 Amount appropriated June 16, 1881 $50,000 00 
 
 Amount appropriated for Capitol and general repairs, August 
 
 15, 1882 2,000 00 
 
 Amount appropriated for fitting up bath rooms, July 8, 1882. . . 3, 000 00 
 Amount appropriated for completion of iron shelving, file room, 
 
 Augusts, 1882 2,000 00 
 
 57,000 00 
 
 LIGHTING UNITED STATES CAPITOL AND GROUNDS. 
 
 For amount paid for pay rolls, lamplighters and superintendent of meters. $4, 692 50 
 
 For amount paid for gas consumed 23, 403 23 
 
 For amount paid for electric bells and material for electric lighting 251 76 
 
 For amount paid for chandeliers, globes, and gas fitting 855 57 
 
 For amount paid for posts, lamps, and lanterns 360 10 
 
 For amount available July 1,1882 436 84 
 
 30,000 00 
 
 Amount appropriated March 3, 1881 .^ 30,000 00 
 
 CAPITOL GROUNDS.. 
 
 For amount of pay rolls, mechanics, &c $31,452 95 
 
 For amount paid for labor by vouchers, not on rolls 481 08 
 
 For amount paid for lime, sand, and cement 2,177 49 
 
 For amount paid for bricks 663 99 
 
 For amount paid for lumber ."II 663 75 
 
 For amount paid for hardware 321 88 
 
 For amount paid for granite and Ohio stone work 11,255 29 
 
 For amount paid for soil and hauling 464 36 
 
 For amount paid for artificial stone pavement 5,818 07 
 
 For amount paid for services of draughtsman 1,076 11 
 
 lor amount paid for moving and repairing engmesr's office 168 68 
 
 For amount paid for miscellaneous items 232 09 
 
 For amount paid for services of landscape architecsfc 2, 000 00 
 
 lor amount paid for traveling expenses of landscape architect 217 97 
 
 1? or amount paid for stationery 24 95 
 
 For amount paid for rent of lot, enginee^'soidce '.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 30 00 
 
 For amount paid for galvanized iron pij)e .., 58 70
 
 REPOET OF THE SECRET AEY OF THE INTERIOR. 761 
 
 For amount paid for plumbiug material $112 67 
 
 For amonnt paid for photograpbdc copies of grounds 15 00 
 
 For amount paid for painting material 35 40 
 
 For amount paid for manure 200 00 
 
 For amount ijaid for rubble stone 57 12 
 
 For amount paid for trees, shrubs, and plants 670 20 
 
 For amount available July 1, ldd2 1,782 95 
 
 CO, 000 00 
 
 Amount appropriated June 16, 1880 60,000 00 
 
 EXTENSION OK GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE. 
 
 For amount expended prior to July 1,1880 , $7,305 13 
 
 For amount of pay rolls 5,271 47 
 
 For amount of labor paid by vouchers, not on rolls 1, 068 93 
 
 For amount for lime, sand, and cement 1, 033 17 
 
 For amount for building stone t)09 00 
 
 For amount for laying buikling stone 1, •'•40 75 
 
 For amount for tin work 687 46 
 
 For amount for laying bricks 2,717 87 
 
 For amount for bricks 4,092 52 
 
 For amount for concreting "^78 12 
 
 For amount for plastering and materials 269 28 
 
 For amount for material for plumbing and gas fitting 1, 240 00 
 
 For amount for cut-stone work 609 84 
 
 For amount for painting and glazing 700 93 
 
 For amount for iron beams 8,434 20 
 
 For amount for lumber, frames, and sash 2,277 01 
 
 For amount for lightning rods 104 (H) 
 
 For amount for stationery :J2 10 
 
 For amount for moving old shop -W 50 
 
 For amount for rent of shop 72 50 
 
 For amount available July 1, 1883 037 17 
 
 40, 000 00 
 
 Amount appropriated March 3, 1881 40,000 00 
 
 ' ENLARGING COURT-HOUSE, WASHINGTON, D. 0. 
 
 For amount expended prior to July 1, 1880 $8, 465 39 
 
 For amount for pay-rolls 6,226 72 
 
 For amount for plumbing material .-- -•- li 151 64 
 
 For amount for brick-laying ~'''^',i^ ^"^ 
 
 For amount for rubble-stone work 163 00 
 
 For amount for cut-stone work 16, 135 32 
 
 For amount for advertising 22 17 
 
 For amount for plastering 18 00 
 
 For amount for stcam-heuting 2,000 00 
 
 For amount for transportation 16 00 
 
 For amount for rolled-iron beams. 14, 892 59 
 
 For amount for painting material =>63 58 
 
 For amount for bricks 12,311 22 
 
 For amount for tin roofing 2,944 55 
 
 For amount for hardware 31K) 19 
 
 For amount for labor not on rolls paid by voucher .... 648 56 
 
 For amount for cement and sand 808 50 
 
 For amount for lumber • 'i,742 98 
 
 For amount available July 1, 1882 39,926 54 
 
 117,000 00 
 Amount appropriated February 23, 1881, $117,000. 
 
 Very respectfully submitted. 
 
 EDWARD CLARK, 
 Architect United States Capitol.
 
 762 PAPERS ACCOMPANYINa THE 
 
 REPORT OF THE FREEDMEN'S HOSPITAL AND ASYLUM. 
 
 Freedmen's Hospital, 
 Washington, D. C, July 20, 1882. 
 
 Sm : I have the lionor to submit the annual report of this hospital 
 for the fiscal year ending- June 30, 1882. 
 
 The year just closed has been an unusually busy one. That some 
 idea of the growtii of the institntion may be formed, I Avill state that 
 the monthly average of admissions of patients has been more than 
 double what it was five years ago. The following table will show the 
 number admitted and treated each year for the past five years. 
 
 On July 1, 1877, there were 213 patients remaining in the hospital. 
 Five hundred and nineteen were admitted during the year, making a 
 total of 732 treated. 
 
 On Jidy 1, 1878, 231 remained in hospital; admitted, G42. Total 
 treated, 873. 
 
 On July 1, 1879, 217 remained in hosj>ital; admitted, 817. Total 
 treated, 1,034. 
 
 On July 1, 1880, 223 remained in hospital ; admitted, 872. Total 
 treated 1 095. 
 
 On July 1, 1881. 225 remained in hospital ; admitted, 1,102. Total 
 treated, 1,;'>27. 
 
 The average admissions per month during the past year have been 91f . 
 
 Of the 1,102 admitted, 345 were white and 757 colored. The accom- 
 panying tables will show the class of diseases treated. I invite atten- 
 tion to the large number of cases of Bright's disease. I am unx^repared 
 to say whether the disease is on the increase or the better methods 
 of diagnosis are such as to enable it to be easily recognized. 
 
 The record also shows a large percentage of phthisical cases, es- 
 pecially among the colored patients. I attribute this to the fact that 
 these people are ignorant of the ordinary laws governing health, and 
 are subjected to much physical and moral depression. The febrile 
 cases have also been quite numerous, to which attention is called. 
 
 During the year quite a luimber of surgical operations have been 
 performed, among which may be mentioned the amputation of two 
 thighs, two legs, one arm, and the setting of twenty fractures. The 
 management congratulates itself npon the uniform success that has 
 attended all of these operations. The hospital has at present 300 beds. 
 The capacity can be increased when desired to 400 by utilizing the 
 lecture-rooms connected with the building. 
 
 During the year a telephone has been put up, which is of great value 
 in ail cases of emergency. 
 
 A large percentage of the patients are admitted upon the recom- 
 mendation of the police authorities. They are, however, subject to a 
 medical examination, and, if proper subjects, a report of the admission 
 is forwarded to the department for approval. 
 
 Though the api)ropriation for the past year was small, admission of 
 any one deserving hospital treatment has never been denied. Patients 
 have been admitted at all hours of the day and night. 
 
 The mortality has been large, but this can readily be explained from 
 the fact that many of the jiatients have only come to the hospital when 
 their cases were hopeless. Quite a number have died in a few hours 
 after admission. 
 
 In this community there is a prejudice in the minds of the people to 
 hospitals, and they defer going to them until they have exhausted all
 
 REPORT OF TFT E SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 763 
 
 means of support at home. In my judgment there should be a board 
 of visitors ai)pointed who should feel at liberty to visit the institution 
 at all times. Such a board would assist njaterially, and <?ive the public 
 some conception of the size and facilities the hospital otters, which seem 
 to be poorly understood. 
 
 Though established twenty years ago, and general in every sense, 
 admitting, as it does, all classes of citizens, and has a capacity of .'iOO 
 beds, little seems to l)e kncnvm of it outside of those who are compeJled 
 to seek a free hospital. With this class the institution is jjopular. 
 
 The management is constrained to express a regret that tbe profes- 
 sion of the District have manifested such a little interest in it. Many 
 pensioners who come to the caiiital have availed themselves of tbe 
 benefits otiered. Their admission is generally upon the recommenda- 
 tion of the Commissioner of Tensions. 
 
 Religious services are held three times a week in the chapel, on 
 Wednesday evenings and Sunday mornings and evenings. 
 
 The i)aticnts are also visited daily at the bedside by the chaplains, 
 who write letters, and perform such other services as may be required 
 of them. These duties are discharged by two theological students. 
 Catholic and other patients are permitted to select their own clergy, 
 who are admitted at all times. During the year, 2,314 out-door patients 
 have been treated, in the dispensary which is attached. A report of 
 these cases will be found in the accompanying table. The sanitary 
 condition has been excellent, the decorum of the patients and attend- 
 ants all that could be desired. 
 
 Owing to the poverty of very many of those admitted, clothing Las 
 been issued to them. 
 
 I would recommend that the government purchase the hospital build- 
 ings and grounds. As the institution has become permanent, it is mani- 
 festly proper that the property should belong to the government. 
 Verj respectfully, 
 
 0. B. PURVIS, M. D, 
 
 Su rgcon - in- Chief. 
 
 Don. H. M. Teller, 
 
 Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 KEPORT OP THE COLUMBIA INSTITUTIOIN^ FOR THE DEAF 
 
 AND DUMB. 
 
 Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Du:\rB, 
 Kendall Green, near Washington, I). C, October 31, 1882. 
 Sir: In compliance with the acts of Congress nuilcing provision for 
 the support of this institution, we have the honor to report its progress 
 during the year ending June 30, 1882: 
 
 The pupils rein:iiiiin<; in the iustitntion ou the Ist of July, 1681, numbored ->0 
 
 Admitted diiriiiji; the yi-ar -.-. 25 
 
 Since adniitteil 27 
 
 Total : Ill 
 
 Under instruction since July 1, 1881 : Males, 04 ; females, 17. Of these 
 51 have been in the collegiatt' de])artment, representing 20 States and 
 the Federal district, and (!0 in the i)rimary tle[»artuient. A list of the 
 names of the ])upils connected with the institution since July 1,1881, 
 will be found apjtended to this report.
 
 764 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 HEALTH OF THE INSTITUTION. 
 
 General good health has prevailed in the institution since the date of 
 our last report. A case of scarlet fever made its appearance during 
 the month of May in tlie family of one of our instructors residing in 
 the institution. The child, with its mother, was promptly removed from 
 the building, and no spread of the disease followed. 
 
 The prevalence of small-pox in parts of the country not far from 
 Washington suggested the desirableness of a general vaccination of the 
 residents of Kendall Green. Vaccine matter was procured from Z. D. 
 Gilman, of Washington, prepared by Drs. Robbins and Lewis, Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y., and applied to more than one hundred persons. In only one 
 case did the operation prove successful. 
 
 Application was then made to Dr. Ealph Walsh, of Washington, for 
 matter from his vaccine farm in the vicinity of the city. The same per- 
 sons were again operated upon, and with scarely an exception complete 
 vaccination was the result. 
 
 One pupil only, Miss Alice Turner, has died since the date o'f our last 
 report. Miss Turner had been connected with our primary department 
 for four years, and was a young woman of quick mind and irreproach- 
 able character. Her death, which occurred at her home just at the 
 close of our school year, was caused by pulmonary consumption. 
 
 DEATH OF MISS ANNA A. PRATT. 
 
 We are also called to mourn the loss of one who had filled an import- 
 ant position in the institution for many years, and who was greatly b<5- 
 loved by both pupils and officers. • 
 
 On the 9th day of March last Miss Anna A. Pratt, for fourteen years 
 matron of this institution, ended her earthly labors after a short illness. 
 Her health had been feeble for more than a year, and but a few weeks 
 before her death she tendered her resignation, feeling that she was no 
 longer able properly to discharge her duties. But her services were so 
 highly regarded that her resignation was not accepted, and an arrange- 
 ment was made for a considerable reduction of her responsibilities and 
 cares, in the hope that with rest her strength might be restored. It 
 was soon apparent, however, that her constitution was hopelessly un- 
 dermined, and she sank rapidly from what seemed at first a light attack 
 of catarrhal pneumonia. To all who came under her care Miss Pratt 
 was a true mother. Pupils and officers looked to her as such, and ap- 
 pealed to her in any emergency, sure of being met with that kindly in- 
 terest and sympathy which can only come from the maternal heart. 
 And it was not at moments of unusual need alone that her motherly 
 care was manifested, but at all times as the movement of domestic life 
 of Kendall Green went on was her influence felt. No one can ever sur- 
 pass Miss Pratt in conscientious devotion to duty ; no one can ever fiil 
 more successfully than she did the arduous and delicate position she 
 was called upon to occupy. Her record is comj^lete, and she will ever 
 be remembered by those who knew her as one deserving of their high 
 est respect and warmest affection. 
 
 The position made vacant by the death of Miss Pratt has been filled 
 by the appointment of Miss Ellen Gordon, lately of Exeter, N. H., and the 
 ability shown bj- her daring the few mouths she has acted as matron 
 give excellent promise of success in the future.
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 765 
 
 COURSES OP INSTRUCTION. 
 
 The ■work of instruction in the several departments of the institution 
 has proceeded with no essential changes. The number of pupils taught 
 articulation has been increased, and the result of this branch of instruc- 
 tion has been encouraging. 
 
 Classes in drawing liave been taught in the college and in the pri- 
 mary department by Mr. Arthur D. Bryant, a graduate of the college in 
 1880. Mr. Bryant's methods have proved eminently successful, and 
 the progress made by the pupils has been in every respect satisfac- 
 tory. 
 
 PHYSICAL TRAINING. 
 
 The results growing out of the work done in our new gymnasium 
 have been most gratifying, whether they are regarded from a moral or 
 a physical point of view. The morale of the institution was never a»s 
 high as during the past year. 
 
 The instances where discipline became necessary have been vcrj- few 
 as compared with former years, and the reactive effects of an improved 
 physique on the mental and moral faculties has been markedly favor- 
 able in many instances. 
 
 During the six mouths from November 1 to May 1, all the students 
 of the college and the older boys trom the i)rimary school were re- 
 quired to spend four hours a week in active gymnastic exercises, viz, 
 an hour on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, aiul Friday of each week. 
 
 These exercises consisted of dumb-bell practice, in concert, intended 
 to open the lungs, stir the blood, and set in motion the whole body, and 
 in the development of special muscles by the use of a number of inge 
 niously-prepared machines, designed and furnished by Dr. D. A. Sar- 
 gent, the director of the gymnasium of Harvard University. 
 
 The dumb-bell exercise was acquired with great readiness, and given 
 with precision, the idea of rhythm and time in marching being con- 
 veyed by the assistance of drum beats. 
 
 The great benefit arising from tbe use of the special apparatus has 
 been clearly shown in the uniform increase of chest girths, arm girths, 
 &c., in tlie erect carriage and springy stei) of tlie students, and above 
 all in the desire for rcynho' exen-ise, as shown in their work on days 
 when tlu' exercise was not coini)ulsory. 
 
 The i)hysi(iue of each student was carefnlly recorded in a series of 
 forty-two measurenu'Uts taken at the beginning antl again at the end 
 of the season. Tiie average chest girth of about lifty young men 
 showed the following gains: 
 
 Xorombor. M«y. 
 
 Inflated «I7 .girt 
 
 Repose 853 .86-1 
 
 The measurements given are decimals of a meter. 
 The greatest gain in chest girth was : 
 
 Novetnbor. May. 
 
 Inflated «»0 .972 
 
 Repose 855 .910 
 
 Some interesting cases ocxiurred of the development of limbs into 
 Bymmetrical proportions where marked discrepancies existed when thi; 
 first; measurements were taken.
 
 766 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 A single illustration will be sufTicieut : 
 
 Isovember. May. 
 
 Right calf :*77 .388 
 
 Left calf =574 .'^ 
 
 Upper rifjht arm '-i'J7 .".JOS 
 
 Upper loft arm 300 .305 
 
 TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY. 
 
 It was on the 23d of February, 1857, that the act of Congress incor- 
 porating the institution was accepted and made the basis of their organ- 
 ization by the board of directors. The recurrence of the twenty-fifth an- 
 niversary of that day was deemed a fitting occasion on which to iurite 
 the President and other prominent officers of the Government of the 
 United States to visit the institution and see something of its workings. 
 
 In response to invitations, the President of the United States, the 
 acting Vice-President, the Speaker of the House of Kepresentatives, the 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the Secretaries of State and War, 
 the Attorney-General, the Postmaster-General, the chairmen and sev- 
 eral members of the Committees on Appropriation, the Comptroller and 
 First Auditor of the Treasury, with ladies accompanying them, sj)eut 
 the evening of February 23d last at the institution. They Avere re- 
 ceived by the president and directors of the institution and its otiicers, 
 in the gymnasium, where an exhibition of athletic exercises was given. 
 The company then passed through the college building to the chapel, 
 where the pupils of the primary departments and the students of the 
 college gave evidence in various exhibitions of the attainments they had 
 made. The exercises were concluded with a pantomime which had been 
 prepared by one of the students of the college, and was given by sev- 
 eral of the young men. The visitors exi)ressed great delight and sur- 
 prise at the progress which had been made by the pupils and students. 
 
 EXERCISES OF PRESENTATION DAY. 
 
 The exercises of the regular public anniversary of the college took 
 place on the 3d day of May. In the absence of the President of the 
 United States, ex-officio patron of the institution, the Speaker of the 
 House, Hon. J. W. Keifer, called the assembly to order. Expressing 
 his hearty interest in the institution and his regret that he would not 
 be able to remain through the exercises. Speaker Keifer, in a few felic- 
 itously-chosen words, invited Hon. George Bancroft, the eminent his- 
 torian, to take the chair. The exercises were then opened with prayer 
 by Kev. William A. Leonard, D. D., rector of Saint John's church. The 
 candidates for degrees presented essays as follows : 
 
 Dissertation — Liberty and Law. Edward Louis Van Damme, Mich- 
 igan. 
 
 Oration — Progress of Agriculture. Lars Larson, Wisconsin. 
 
 JDissertation — Grecian Art in the time of Pericles. John Gordon Sax- 
 ton, New York. 
 
 Dissertation — Was America discovered by the Northmen ? George 
 Layton, West Virginia. 
 
 Oration — The Scientific Achievements of Faraday. George Thomas 
 Dougherty, Missouri. 
 
 Oration — Monuments. Eobert Middleton Zeigler, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Oration — Contributions from the New World to the Old. Thomas 
 Hines Coleman, South Carolina,
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 767 
 
 Messrs. Coleman, Zeigler, Larson, and Van Damme were then pre- 
 sented by the iiresident of the college to the board of directors as can- 
 didates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and Messrs. Dougherty, 
 Layton, and Saxton for the «legrec of Bachelor of Science. 
 
 The honorary degree of INIaster of Arts was conferred on Lars A. 
 Havstad, of Christiaiiia, Norway, a deaf-mute, who had made unusual 
 acquisitions in science and letters. 
 
 Kev. William C. Cattell, D. D., LL. D., presideut of Lafayette Col- 
 lege, then delivered the following address on — 
 
 A LIBERAL EDUCATION. 
 
 The National College for Deaf-Miites has a deeper significance than other philan- 
 throjtic inetitntions fDunded to ameliorate the condition of those deprived of hear- 
 ing and speech. Any institution with this general aim would iinlced enlint our iiro- 
 foundest sympatby ; for our hearts go out in tender and loving interest towards those 
 hrothers and sisters of ours who are deaf or blind— in our Fathei-'s house they seem 
 80 near to us and they are so far away, in their rayless or silent land, from the high 
 privileges of our common home. And we not only admire and applaud the private 
 philanthropy that holds forth to them its helping hand, hut likewise all well dinctod 
 apj)ropriations for their benefit from the })nlilie fuuds; men who most critically ex- 
 amine the legality and exediency of approjiriations from the public treasury — State 
 or national — as they read these appro])riations for the blind or the deaf, lind their 
 hearts beating faster with generous delight. 
 
 But " The National Dcaf-Mnte College," organized in 1864, means something more 
 than "The Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb," previously established, or 
 any similar institution having in view the general philanthropic object to better their 
 condition. The distinct and definite aim of every college is to afford liberal culture; 
 and while the establishment of this college Ijy Congress emphasizes the value our 
 national legislature places upon those liberal studies which lead to academic degrees, 
 it marks also a great and important advance in the education ]irovided for deaf-mutes, 
 an advance not only in degree, but in kind. These noble buildings, all this generous 
 scientific equipment, this large faculty of able and distinguished scholars — all this 
 assures us not only of the increased thoroughness and breadth, and eflieiency of the 
 special instruction here given to the deaf-mute; but also that, in its enlarged range 
 of instruction, are now included those liberal studies which liavo for geueratiGns at- 
 tracted theaspiring scholar to the academic groves of Harvard and Yale. 
 
 It is therefore no longer a disputed question whether the deaf-mute can or ought 
 to enter upon studies wliich have for their object something more than to enable him 
 to converse by writing in the absence of articulate 8i)eech, or to tit him for some eui- 
 ployment by which he nuay earn his living. Elementary and practical studies are of 
 course of the utmost importance for him as they are for all others; they lie at the 
 very base of all education. But the liberal training which the college gives is yet 
 separate and <listinct in its aim, and to some extent in il.s uietliods, from that which 
 is given in all other schools, and the day has come for the deaf-mute when there is 
 provided for him a comphte college curricultmi, leading to the usual academic de- 
 grees, and committed to teiichers who are not only distiuguislied for their general 
 culture and scholarship, but who are eminent s])e(iaii8ts in the peeiiliar methods by 
 which all instruction must be conununieated to him. And it is high h<uior for our 
 country that it has led all otlu-r countries in this movement. This eollege for deuf- 
 niutes will always enjoy the proud distinction of liaving been the fiiut e.stubiished ; 
 as yet, it is the only one. 
 
 In responding to the kind invitation of your president to att«nd the cxercisew upon 
 this day of preseutati<rn for academic degrees, and to offer some remarks, it seems to 
 mo not inappro])ri,it<^ to tlu^ place and hour to sugf^esf some thoughts upon " liberal 
 education." I do not propose, indeed, to attempt a full expositiou of the subjeet, or to 
 enter upon any foruuil discussion of the imjiortant prineijdes involved in it, but lo 
 employ the brief time at my disposal in making souie general obmrvations upon this 
 wide theme. 
 
 Cicero defines a liberal education to be that which is suited to the character and 
 position of a /iftcr or freeman as distinguished from the slavi>. In IiIh view, wliieh 
 ■was the general oi)iniou of the ago in \vhi«h he livetl, all manual bil>or. all tjainful 
 pursuits, whethermeeh.ui ical or industrial, were degrading tot hos«' of nolile birth, who, 
 freed from such sordid occupations and cares, should be educated to disdiarge with 
 dignity the duties and obligations of their high jtositions in the state. It is true 
 these duties were pretty much summed up iu making a ringing speech in the seuat^ 
 in taking a creditable part in philosophical and literary discussioiis, and most of all.
 
 768 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 perhaps, in being a good fighter, for the Roman empire -^vaH almost continually en- 
 gaged in war. It was for the elavos to work in the iinlds or at the trades. Happily 
 this view of labor no longer exists; it is, indeed, essentially opposed to that which 
 now prevails, especially in onr own country, where all honest labor is rigbtfully 
 held to be honorable — " a man's a man for a' that." We have come to a better un- 
 derstanding of what true manhood is, and of what the duties and obligations of 
 freemen really involve; and this higher appreciation of the nature and dignity of 
 man himself, without regarding his position in a privileged class, has led the Amer- 
 ican ])eople not only to recognize the reHpe(.tal)ility of all honest labor, but also to 
 insist upon the value and necessity of education, Jiot for the privileged few as their 
 birthright, but for all. 
 
 Education, in fact, has come to be one of the enthusiasms of this, perhaps, the 
 most practical country of this practical age; the popular enthusiasm upon this sub- 
 iect is something like the exultant triumph of victors after a hotly contested battle 
 has been fought and won. For not without a groat struggle did the principle of ed- 
 ucation for the masses become the settled policy of governments. '' I thank God," 
 said one of the early governors of an American province, "there are no free schools 
 orprinting, andlhope weshall not have them these hundred years. God keep us from 
 both ! " And so thought and spoke, less than two centuries ago, other governors and 
 men in high places who, upon the subject of education for the masses, seem to have 
 made but little advance from the position taken by Cicero before the Christian era ; 
 but in the present age such men are classed with the pre-adamite fossils. It was to 
 a generation that has already passed away that Lord Brougham uttered the memor- 
 able and exultant words, " The schoolmaster is abroad ! " 
 
 But when we come to inquire what it really is that education aims to secure, we 
 shall find conflicting views — not merely as to its methods and appliances, but as to 
 the definite and determinate end which it has in view. Even the derivation and 
 meaning of the word is in doubt, whether we shall regard it as from educo, to lead 
 forth, or draw out ; or from the kindred ediico, to nourish or rear as a nurse cares for 
 one committed to her charge. Varro makes the distinction between these two words, 
 educit ohstetrix educatmttrijc, and, as the function of the teacher, he adds docet magiater. 
 The meaning of each of these words, «Zmco and efZwco, (which are in fact interchangeable 
 in classical Latin), is employed by the advocates of the different theories of educa- 
 tion, which hdve given rise to such prolific discussion at the present day. 
 
 There are some who are satisfied with the education which is simply instruction, 
 whose only aim is to render it easier and more certain for a man to earn his living. 
 This is certainly a most desirable result to be secured. I have no sympathy with those 
 who speak contemptuously of this as a "bread and butter " education. We pray for 
 our daily bread ; it is an equally solemn duty to prepare ourselves, as best we may in 
 God's Providence, to earn it. 
 
 There are others who look beyond this narrow range, and who regard education as 
 that which imparts the knowledge and develops the faculties and powers by which 
 success is conquered upon broader and nobler fields than those occupied by men who 
 are merely struggling for a living ; it is by education that men secure high place 
 among their fellows and are able to keep it ; or they secure great wealth or whatever 
 else may give them power. Education, in the view of these persons, is of value in- 
 asmuch as educated men are, after all, the ruling class; they are here, as in every 
 other country, the power behind the throne. Nor should any man speak lightly of 
 this education. The desire to secure inflnence and power among men is not unbecoming 
 to a noble nature. We hear much of the anxieties and cares and toils of great wealth 
 and of high position, but these things represent power, and he who wields power benefi- 
 cently rises to new and great enjoyments. The scepter of such empire may be heavy 
 for the hand that wields it, yet none but the ignoble would cast it down. 
 
 But there are those who take another and, I think, a wider, more comprehensive, 
 and more just view of the aim and the value of education. It is that view which 
 has regard to the nature of man, who was created but a little lower than the angels, 
 and who has faculties and powers to be trained and developed with no reference to 
 bread-getting, or even to wealth or power or high place among men. Without dis- 
 crediting the education which has practical or gainful ends in view, we believe there 
 is a sense in which the student is an end nnto himself ; and within the wide and varied 
 scope of what we call education, there should be methods and subjects which have 
 no direct or immediate reference to what are called practical ends, but which aim to 
 develop those faculties in the possession and nso of which man rises to the highest 
 sphere of dignity and enjoyment. This is what we call liberal education — the educa- 
 tion that after all is best fitted to the nature of man in view of his personal immor- 
 t^ality which belongs to this life as well as that which is to come, and by which he 
 is distinguished from the brutes that perish. 
 
 Now, the definite aim of the primary school — useful and even necessary in its place — 
 is to instruct ; it is to impart practical knowledge. Of course, if the teacher be skillful 
 and wise (as all teachers should be) it will include training and development; but
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 769 
 
 this is only incidental to the main objects in view. The child is taught reading, 
 writing, and arithmetic ; of these lie has immediate and urgent need, whether he goes 
 on to make broader acquisitions in other schools, or closes his books to engage in tho 
 busy activities of life. The same thing is true of the technical or professional schoolw. 
 The student is still taught what will be of ])ractical use to him as a lawyer, a physi- 
 cian, an engineer, or whatever else may be the occupation orprofession in life lie has 
 chosen. All mental or moral discipline, all training of tiie higher faculties, all de- 
 velopment of character is still subsidiary and incidental in this education — the aim 
 of which, as in primary instruction, is to impart that which is useful and practical. 
 And hence the desirableness or necessity of distinct and separate studios with dif- 
 ferent aims and, to some extent, different" methods, wliich, while necessarily iuclnd- 
 ,ing much that is useful and practical, has for its primary object the development of 
 the higher and better nature of the man that is within us. And this is the aim of the 
 college, which has therefore its important and necessary place in every complete sys- 
 tem of education. The college ktseps in view the two aims of all education, viz, in- 
 struction and development, but it reverses them in the order of importance from that 
 of the primary and technical schools, and of all schools for special instruction. 
 
 The advocates of liberal education do not claim that it will ])r<)d)ice grapes from 
 thorns or figs from thistles. There are men so severely jiractical that the wise.it thing 
 to be done in their case is to teach them the multipliiatiou talile, and set them at 
 work; others are so dreamy and emotional that liberal studies will develop in them 
 only the esthetic craze of the day. But all heallby and well-balanced natures will 
 tind in these studies both joy and strength. 
 
 In the practical schools of every grade the shortest and easiest way to learn what is 
 set before the student is the best way. The child learns the alphabet that he may 
 learn how to spell and then how to read; and the engineer learns the strength of 
 mateiials and the laws of force that he may build a bridge; and the surgeon leiims 
 what may euable him to set a broken limb. All methods and appliances that save 
 labor and time in the acquisition of such useful knowledge is therefore so much gain. 
 But as the primary aim of liberal studies is develojiment, and as the mind grows onlv 
 in exercising its own powers, it is evident that to sav(! labor (except ill-directed labor) 
 defeats the very oliject in view. Therefore, as I have already intimated, the college 
 difl'ers from all other schools, not only in its primary aim, but also largely in its 
 methods. It is really a mental gymnasium, and this indeed is the very name the 
 Germans give to their schools most nearly corresponding in aim to our colleges. He 
 who seeks to .strengthen and develop his muscle by the use of a well-appointed gymna- 
 sium, must practice many things for the sake of the practice ; and so for the sake of 
 the exercise the student goes down into the college pahcstra to wrestle with pure 
 mathematics and the cla.ssics. The knowledge of these subjects is not a necessity for 
 him in constructing a tunnel, or in drawing up a brief, or in carrying on mercantile 
 or manufacturing euteri)rises — though it may be said that, in additiiui to the forma- 
 tion of manly character bj' liberal studies there has been developed in the exercises of 
 this palifstra the sinewy grasp whieh in after years has its practical use when the 
 robust athlete takes hold of any subject with which he must wrestle, either in his pro- 
 fessional or business life. 
 
 And here, did time allow, I would like to discuss some of those questions which are 
 still in debate even among the advocates of liberal education. For example, the pr*)- 
 portion of time and labor that should 1)0 given to pure mathematics, which seem to 
 lie most remote from any practical use in after life; to psychology and ethics, which 
 have always held their jilace as high topics of discussion iii all schools; to the moiU-rii 
 languages and the natural sciecnes, which more nearly ajqtrojich to the practical 
 studies of the special s<'hools. And I should have been glad lo discuss the value and 
 place in every course of liberal studies of the classical languages and literature, and 
 to examine also what may be hoptnl for or feared by the friends of liberal education 
 in the general introduction in all our colleges of a course of liberal studies le.iding to 
 a dift'eront degree from that of B. A. — excluding the ancient languages, but aiming 
 to secure by the use of tin- modern languages and literature, and with the em]do.vmeni 
 of the old and .'qiprovc'd methods of liberal teaching and the aid of modern philolog- 
 ical research, th(> same kind .•iiid degree of culture as thi> t>ld course, with its (Jreck 
 and Latin. And more important than all, as it seems to me, is the discuswion of tli«< 
 question, how shall this liberal education lie so infused with the principles and spirit 
 of the great Teacher that the religions nature of man, as well as of his moral and 
 mental, may have its full develojjnn'nl. 
 
 Bat I forbear to enter upon these questions, and would merely point you to the ex- 
 istence of both of these courses of study (classical and scientific), not only in tliis 
 college, but in the hundreds of colleges all over our land, as the evidence of" the pop- 
 ular appreci.it ion of liber.il culture, and also as showing the sul)stantial ngre«Mnent 
 of all college education in both the old ami new course of study as to subjecta anil 
 methods. 
 
 49 Ab
 
 770 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Hut I may not conclude even this brief nicdilation without noticiu}; f) • reproach 
 biou^^lit at^iiinst lilK^ral studien, tliat tlioy .serve only to make men of idcan — men who ■ 
 are not practical, who are not men of ati'airH. To tJicse objectors, it iw but the dream ' 
 of the sentimental enthusiaHt that we should strive to attain unto the great ideal of 
 the true, the beautiful, and the good, which is in the houI of every man ; they regard 
 as idle vaporing the language of Aristotle, that "the harmony of the celestial Hpheres 
 (should be echocrl in tlie soul of an educated man." There i« not enough of common 
 ground upon which wo can stand to seriously ar<fue with such men. Wo meet their 
 assertions with ccmntcr assertions fi-om those trained in these studies, and who know 
 that the life is more than meat. The silent halls of this college have known such 
 men. One of the noblest and most gifted among these students but recently closed 
 his books and went forth into the beautiful laud that is afar off. Deaf to all sounds 
 of earth lie had yet heard in his soul this " celestial harmony." Writing to his sis- 
 ter, after he had given up his studies, through the weariness and exhaustion of long 
 sickness, and while waiting for the iiual summons, ho says : 
 
 "It will take away half the bitterness of death to have been allowed to learn 
 something; to have obtained one glimpse across the hills and valleys, away off into 
 that pi'onaised land of perfect knowledge, perfect love, perfect purity, for such I take 
 to be the true result of study. The more one learns, the clearer does he see God's won- 
 drous goodness, the closer is he drawn to all things holy." 
 
 And this noble youth was but one among many who, in "learning something," has 
 drawn nearer to the great ideal. Are we not conscious of a restless discontent with 
 our jireseut capacities aud attainments? Are we not all of us (in our better moods) 
 striving to become purer and^nobler than our present selves. And the sacred voice 
 which is ever thus calling to us excelsior, is not the dream of the visionary and the 
 enthusiast. There is that which is true, and beautiful, and good, in addition to that 
 which is practical and gainful. If liberal education, that leads up to the realization 
 of this ideal is an education of ideas, then we assert that it is ideas Avhich rule the 
 world; they are the permanent forces in the world's development, aud, as Schiller 
 says, "all ideas must have been realized in knowledge before they can realize them- 
 selves in history." And we claim that liberally-educated men are not selfish en- 
 thusiasts or useless drones — rather are they the distributors of beneficial and pow- 
 erful influences that atlect the destinies of individuals aud of nations. Aud this influ- 
 ence is not only for the age in which they live. These scholars, remote from manufac- 
 tories, and railroads, and shops, are like the base of supplies established along the 
 line of an advancing host, and it is from them that society is strengthened and re- 
 plenished at every stage of its ijrogress in its upward aud onward march till it en- 
 ters the golden gates of the city of God. 
 
 The exercises of the day were concluded with the benediction by Kev. James H. 
 Cuthbcrt. D. D., pastor of the First Baptist Church. 
 
 At the close of the academic year, in June, degrees were conferred in accordance 
 with the recommendations of presentation day. 
 
 RECEIPTS AJsD EXPENDITURES. 
 
 The receipts and expenditures for the year .now under review will appear from 
 the following detailed statements : 
 
 I.— SUPPORT OF THE INSTITUTION. 
 
 Eeceipts. 
 
 Balance from old accounts $964 47 
 
 Received from Treasury of the United States 53, 500 00 
 
 Received for board and tuition 2, 611 11 
 
 Received from manual labor fund 313 60 
 
 Received for books and stationery sold 293 03 
 
 Received for work done in shop 177 59 
 
 Received from sale of live stock 323 25 
 
 Received from sale of gas 163 40 
 
 Received from sale of milk 132 84 
 
 Received from sale of wheat 225 42 
 
 Received for shoe repairs and clothing 190 75 
 
 Received from 1 he sale of old furniture aud lumber Ill 64 
 
 Received from sah^ of ashes, grease &c 86 62 
 
 Received for medical atteMdance and medicine refunded 18 65 
 
 Received for damage to grounds 1 00 
 
 Received for funeral expenses refunded 24 34 
 
 59, 137 71
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 771 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 KxpeDcled for 8ahiiicH and \va;;cs ., S'29, 726 26 
 
 Expouded for groceries 2, 593 32 
 
 Expended for meats 4,(^r)6 19 
 
 Expended for potatoes 672 70 
 
 Expended for incidental and honsebold expenses, marketing, «&c 2,427 15 
 
 Expended for butter and egtjB 2,343 32 
 
 Expended for repairs on buildings 2, G03 11 
 
 Expended for furniture 401 02 
 
 Exi)ended for live stock y60 00 
 
 PJxpended for books and stationery 701 74 
 
 Expended for farm tools, seeds, &c 285 50 
 
 P'xi)euded for lumber 953 37 
 
 Expended for printing 119 90 
 
 Expended for ice 151 61 
 
 Exi)endod for drugs and chemicals ij;;0 37 
 
 Expended for carriage and T\-agon reijairs 242 75 
 
 Expended for liardwai-e 3l>8 12 
 
 Expended for fuel 2,'M'.l 62 
 
 Expended for blacksmithing ^3 50 
 
 Expended for harness and repairs 49 00 
 
 Expended for rent of telephones Ill 63 
 
 Expended for flour and feed 9j^o 84 
 
 Expended for dry-goods and. shoes 197 23 
 
 Expended for manure 67 60 
 
 Expended for gas 1,224 82 
 
 Exi)ended for paints, glass, &c i. 2t)7 32 
 
 Expended for expenses of directors' meetings 51 00 
 
 Expended for freiglit on ai)paratu8 for gymnasium 41 00 
 
 p]xj)ended for clothing and shoe repairs 367 26 
 
 Expended for flowers, plants, &c 82 00 
 
 Expended for milk 595 20 
 
 Expended for entertainment of pu])ils 7 50 
 
 I'xpended for medical and surgical attendance 651 00 
 
 Expended for illustrative apparatus 121 25 
 
 Expended for board and care of pupil at institution for feeble-minded 
 
 children 300 00 
 
 Expended for apparatus for gymnasium 301 60 
 
 Expended for bread 1, 178 43 
 
 Balance unexpended 1,108 28 
 
 59, 137 71 
 
 II.— Buildings a-nd grounds. 
 Beceipts. 
 
 Balance from old account 
 
 Received from Treasury of the United States. 
 
 $182 17 
 
 8.242 07 
 
 8,424 24 
 
 Disbursements, 
 
 Expended for balance of contract with H. Conra<lis §6,845 Oft 
 
 Expended for coni))ensation of Supervising Architect 3(Ml 0*1 
 
 Expended for grailing : i' <") 
 
 Expend<>d for work on bowling alley ~l en 
 
 Expended lor furnace ^ 775 tKl 
 
 Expended for fitting up gymnasium 3'.«i 21 
 
 8.4Ji -M
 
 772 PAPERS ACCOMPANYINf; TFTE 
 
 ESTIMATES Fon NEXT YEAIJ. 
 
 Tlic, iollowiuj;- estiiiuit.cs for the service of tlic iiscal year ciicling June 
 ;>(>, 1881, have already been subiiiitted. 
 
 For the support of the iimtitutiou, including- salaries and incidental 
 (!xpense.s, and $500 for books andilUistrative apparatus, and 82,500 for 
 general repairs, $55,000. 
 
 To provide eidarged accommodations for the use of students, and ad- 
 ditional hospital room by the construction of two small detached build- 
 ings, $10,000. 
 
 For tlie improvement and enclosure of the grounds, 85,000. 
 
 The lirst estimate is the same in amount as the a])propriation for the 
 current year. The number of jnipils will undoubtedly be somewhat 
 larger next year than it now is ; but this will involve no increase in our 
 salaries and wages, and it is hoped that the prices of provisions may 
 be lower than at present, so that the increased number can be provided 
 for without the occurrence of any deficiency. 
 
 The estimates for improvements to our buildings and grounds, are to 
 provide for matters which will contribute very greatly to the well-being 
 of the institution. 
 
 The construction of the Boundary street sewer, now being carried by 
 our grounds, will leave our front in a condition which will necessitate 
 the erection of some substantial and permanent enclosure. It is ex- 
 pected that the section near us will be completed before next summer. 
 It would be desirable, therefore, to have the appropriation for the im- 
 provement and enclosure of the grounds made available during the 
 current fiscal year. 
 
 To the appropriation of $55,000.00 for the current expenses of the 
 institution for the current fiscal year, the following jiroviso is attached: 
 ii Provided, That no more than $22,000 of said sum shall be expended 
 for salaries and wages." The directors are under the imi)ression that 
 this provision of law must have been adopted by Congress without a 
 full understanding of the needs of the institution and the character of 
 the services that are required in doing its work. 
 
 From a careful examination recently made into the organization of 
 institutions similar to this, and on inquiry as to the salaries paid, it 
 apjiears that the number of persons employed in this institution is by 
 no means unreasonable, while the salaries are in no cases higher, and 
 in many instances are lower than those paid to officers of similar grades 
 in schools for the deaf, and in colleges for the hearing of the first rank, 
 as well as in the educational institutions sustained by the government, 
 and in the scientific branches of the public ser\ice. It is evident, from 
 the comparison thus instituted, that if changes are to be made in the 
 salaries paid here increased rates should be allowed in several in- 
 stances. 
 
 A comparison drawn between the per capita cost of maintaining this 
 institution and the Military and K"aval academies will show that the pro 
 rata expense in those institutions is about two and a half times as great 
 as in this. And yet the period of instruction here extends over thir- 
 teen years, while at West Point and Annapolis it is limited to four, and 
 the number of our pupils is less than one-half that in each of the es- 
 tablishments named ; both these facts tending to increase expense in 
 this institution in that they necessitate more classes and proportionally 
 a greater number of instructors. 
 
 It is true that the cost per pupil in this institution is greater than in 
 any of the State institutions for the deaf and dumb. But this is fully
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 773 
 
 accounted for when it is ivnictnbeied tliat the State institutions bear 
 the same relation to our colh'^iiate department that the primary schools 
 of the country do to the colleges and universities. 
 
 A course of study is given here equal in grad(^ and scojje to that 
 aliorded in the best colleges of the land. J)eaf young men Irom all 
 parts of the country, who have graduated from the State schools, seek 
 our college as the only i)lace in the woild where they can secure the 
 higher eihu^ation that their more favored brothers nuiy lind in the col- 
 leges of their own State or section. 
 
 And when the cost of educating the mute young men of our college 
 is compared with the expenses incurred in behalf of hearing young men 
 in ordinary colleges, it will be found that no charge of extravagance or 
 unnecessary outlay cau be justly brought against this institution. 
 
 If the proviso above referred to shouhl remain in force, it would bo 
 impossible to carry the work of the institution througli the present fis- 
 cal year with the moans provided by Congress. A reduction of moi-e 
 than seven thousand dollars in our salaries and wages, if applied to 
 yearly rates, would force many of our ollicers to seek positions else- 
 where, which they could easily find, and it would be imi)ossible to sup- 
 l^ly the places of such with experienced and capable persons. 
 
 Or if tlie reduction were to be made by stopping all salaries and all 
 work at the time when the twenty-two thousand dollars shall be ex- 
 liausted, our students and pupils would have to be sent home at gi'eat 
 sacrifice, of valuable time, our schools closed with the labor of the year 
 incomplete, and all persons employed by the institution subjected to 
 gross injustice. 
 
 In view of all these considerations, the directors do not hesitate to 
 urge, res])ectfully but very earnestly, that the attention of Congress be 
 called to this matter, with the hope that on further consideration the 
 jiropriety of the repeal of the i^roviso may become evident. 
 
 CONVENTION OF A:tIERICAN INSTRUCTORS. 
 
 The quadrennial convention of instructors of the deaf and dumb in 
 the United States and Canada was held at Jacksonville, 111., in the 
 State institution for deaf mutes during the closing week of August last. 
 
 There were more tiian one hundred and sixty (b'legates present from 
 twenty-eight institutions. This institution was repi-esented by Assistant 
 Professor I)ra])er, i'rofessor Gordon, Profes.^or Fay, and President 
 Gallaudet, the latter being chosen i)resident of the convention. 
 
 Many snlijects of interest and importance in our work were discussed. 
 ]\rany vahmlih; suggestions as to methods of instruction were brought 
 forward. Abundant oi>portunity was iiail lor that jx-rsonal iuti-rdiango 
 of views and exjx'rience which is of equal il'not gn-aler worth than the 
 reading of formal essays; and at the conclusion of the nu-eting it was 
 agreed that no more satisfactory and helpful gatheriug of instructors 
 in our i)r()fession had ever been held. 
 
 Every mend)er of the convention left .lacksonville with a deep and 
 lasting impression of the warm-hearted hosi)itaHty that Inul been shown 
 them by the able superintendent of the institution. Dr. (iillctt, and his 
 corps of as.>ist;tnts, and of the generous manner in whicli tlie great 
 State of Illinois had i)rovided for the education of her deaf chihlren. 
 
 Among the numerous matters coiisifb'red and acted ujion by the con- 
 vention, the only one whicli chiims a i)lace in this report is tiie follow- 
 ing series of resolutions relating to our college, the unanimous adop-
 
 774 PAPERS ACCOMPANTINO THE 
 
 tioii of which Avill bo a source of gratification to all interested in our 
 attenij)t to provide the deaf of our country with collegiate training. 
 
 Prof. J. L. Noyes, of Minnesota, presented the following resolution, 
 which was seconded by Dr. Thomas Maclntire, of Michigan, and unani- 
 mously i)as8ed : 
 
 Whereas tlio National Deaf-Mute College, in Washington, D. C, has rendered 
 great and efficient aid in advancing the cause of deaf-mute education iu the United 
 States; and 
 
 Whereas the funds for the support of the college come from the National Treasury 
 (as is i»roper) : Therefore, 
 
 Resolved, Tliat we, directors, superintendents, principals, and instructors in Amer- 
 ica, assembled iu this their tenth convention, extend to the authorities and faculty 
 of the college our grateful recognition of the good work already accomplished, and 
 ■would respectfully urge upon them the importance of increasing the facilities and per- 
 fecting the curriculum and all the appliances of the college as best they can from 
 itimo to time, that the graduates may enter the various professions and spheres of life 
 open to tliem with an education, culture, and character that shall in no way be in- 
 ferior to that of the highest graduates of the best colleges of the land ; and, moreover. 
 
 Resolved, That we earnestly commend to the favorable consideration of our Sena- 
 tors and Representatives in Congress the deaf-mute college in Washington, D.C., and 
 respectfully ask that they nse their influence, not only to foster and support this 
 national institution, but also from time to time increase its funds, so as to enable the 
 authorities of the college to enlarge or increase the appliances in a manner becoming 
 this national institution, destined to be so useful and beneficial in its influence ujion 
 the various institutions of the land and upon this increasing portion of our popiila- 
 tion. 
 
 Resolved, That the secretary furnish. Dr. E. M.Gallandet, president of the college, 
 a copy of these resolutions. 
 
 EDUCATION OP THE BLIND. 
 
 Appended to this report will be found a statement from F. D. Morri- 
 son, superintendent of the Maryland Institution for the Blind, as to the 
 .number of United States beneficiaries in that institution during the past 
 'year, and as to the progress they have made. The blind children are in 
 the Maryland institution under the provisions of section 4869 of the 
 Eevised Statutes, and with the approval of the president of this insti- 
 tution, as required by law. 
 
 EDUCATION OF THE FEEBLE-MINDED. 
 
 One child belonging to the District of Columbia has been under in- 
 struction during the past year at the Pennsylvania Institution for Feeble- 
 minded Children, located at Elwyn, near Philadelphia, at the expense 
 of the United States, as provided for by law. Applications in behalf 
 of children similarly afflicted should be made to the president of this 
 institution. 
 
 ACTS OF CONGRESS CONCEENING- THIS INSTITUTION. 
 
 In our Twelfth Annual Eeport, that of 18G9, all the acts of Congress 
 relating to this institution which had been passed up to the date of that 
 report were published. The comi)letion of the twenty-fifth year of the 
 existence of the institution is deemed a fitting occasion for a similar 
 publication. In the appendix to this report will be found a transcript 
 of all legislation had in Congress concerning this institution from 1809 
 to the end of the last session of Congress. 
 
 In this connection attention is respectfully called to the fact that in 
 the preparation of the Eevised Statutes several important provisions
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 
 
 775 
 
 of law lelatiug to this institution do uot appear in chapter five, title 
 lifty-uine, as they ought to do, and the suggestion is offered that Con- 
 gress take the necessary steps t<.» Iiave the needed amcudiuents made 
 to the Revised Statutes. 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted by order of tlie board of di- 
 rectors. 
 
 E. M. GALLAUDET, 
 
 rrtsident. 
 Hon. Henry M. Teller, 
 
 Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 EErORT OF THE BOARD OF VISITORS OF THE GOVERN- 
 MENT HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
 
 GOVERNSrENT HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, 
 
 Xcar Washington, T). C, October 1, 1882. 
 
 Sir: In accordance with the law establishing tlie hospital the Board 
 
 of Visitors have the honor to sabmit their twenty-seventh annual ix^port. 
 
 A condensed summary of the changes of population and results of 
 
 liospitul treatment is giveu in the following tables, to which attention 
 
 is respectfully called: 
 
 Summary. 
 
 Bemaining June 30, 1881 
 
 ^Admitted dining Uie ycuT ending Juno 30, 1882 
 
 WTiolo number under tiedtuieut 
 
 DIBCilARCED. 
 
 Kecovcrod.'. 
 
 Improved 
 
 Unimproved 
 
 Kot insauo 
 
 Died 
 
 Totid discliargt'd and died 
 
 Uiniaiuing June 30, 1S82 
 
 Males. 
 
 700 
 178 
 
 878 
 
 Females. I Totals. 
 
 I 
 
 l.-.ii 
 
 22-1 
 fi9 
 
 294 
 
 925 
 247 
 
 1.172 
 
 101 
 
 230 
 M2 
 
 Admissions and dischargi ■ 
 
 KKMAINIXG JUNK 30, 1881. 
 
 A. „ O^Tiitc... 
 
 ^""•y K'olored.. 
 
 „ CWldto... 
 
 N»^y icolorwl.. 
 
 Marine Uospiljd Service J Colored.. 
 
 C»^^ »'f" \ Colored.. 
 
 Males. 
 
 
 i 
 
 enialus. 
 
 Totj 
 
 43S 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 448 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 IM 
 
 
 IRl 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 nt ! 
 
 
 
 201 
 
 
 
 423 , 
 
 
 7oa 
 
 
 1 
 
 225 
 
 
 jrj3
 
 776 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 AdmiHHiunH and discharges — Contiuncd. 
 
 AliMITTEI) DUllING TIIK yEAU 1881-'S2. 
 
 , CWliite... 
 
 ^""•V J Colored.. 
 
 „ < White... 
 
 ^"^■y ."• J Colored.. 
 
 C White . . . 
 I Colored .. 
 
 limine Hospital Servico. 
 Civil life 
 
 C White ... 
 I Colored . . 
 
 UNDER TREATMKXT DUKING THE YEAU. 
 
 C White... 
 I Colored.. 
 
 Arm J' 
 
 Xavy 
 
 Marine Hospital Service 
 Civil life 
 
 C White ... 
 ■ I Colored . . 
 
 C White . . 
 \ Colored. 
 
 Males. 
 
 20 
 
 497 
 12 
 
 < White... 223 
 (Colored..! 67 
 
 DISCHARGED DURING THE Y&An—EeCOVered. 
 
 C White - . . 
 i Colored.. 
 
 Army 
 
 Navy 
 
 Marine Hospital Service 
 Civil life 
 
 < White ... 
 ■) Colored..! i 
 
 C White . I 
 ( Colored . 
 
 C White . . 
 ' I Colored . 
 
 DISCHARGED DURING THE TEAR — Improved. 
 
 C White . . 
 I Colored. 
 
 Army . . . 
 
 Navy 
 
 Civil life 
 
 13 
 
 5 White . . 
 \ Colored . 
 
 C White - . 
 \ Colored . 
 
 PISCHAEGED DURING THE XEAK— Unimproved. 
 
 < White . . . 
 I Colored.. 
 
 Army... 
 Navy... 
 Civil life 
 
 Wliite ... 
 Colored . . 
 
 White . . . 
 Colored . . 
 
 DISCHARGED DURING THE YEAH— Xot insane. 
 
 C White . . 
 "^'■iny i Colored. 
 
 DECE.*.feED DURING THE YEAR. 
 
 Army 
 
 Navy 
 
 Civil life. 
 
 5 White... 
 I Colored . . 
 
 C White... 
 
 ■ \ Colored . . 
 
 C White ... 
 
 ■ l Colored . . 
 
 42 
 
 89 
 
 509 
 61 
 15 
 
 290 
 
 178 
 
 878 
 
 60 
 
 Females. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 208 
 82 
 
 68 
 
 290 
 
 21 
 
 294 
 
 21 
 
 2G
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 
 Admissions and discharges — Coutiuued. 
 
 777 
 
 Malr-s. 
 
 .L 
 
 Femiiles. 
 
 Total*. 
 
 UEJIAINLNG JUXF. 30, 1882. 
 
 C White... 410 
 \ Coloi-ed . . ' 10 
 
 Aitny 
 
 "^*^i ^Colored.. 
 
 ilarine Hospital Service | Colored '. '. 
 
 ^iviiufv 5SS-:; 
 
 49 
 
 168 j 
 58 ! 
 
 420 
 
 14 
 
 226 
 
 167 
 
 700 
 
 230 
 
 423 
 49 
 14 
 
 450 
 
 JM2 
 
 Note. — There were six less persons than cases under treatment in the coarse of the year by reason 
 of six readmissioDs. 
 
 Monthly changes of population. 
 
 
 Admitted. 
 
 Discharged. 
 
 Date. 
 
 _2 
 
 6 
 
 el 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 •3 
 
 1 
 
 •3 
 
 •s 
 
 Died. 
 
 
 •3 M 
 
 
 « 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 •a 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ■c — -^ 
 
 July 1881 
 
 14 
 14 
 15 
 11 
 13 
 16 
 18 
 12 
 14 
 7 
 18 
 26 
 
 7 
 13 
 1 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 5 
 
 ""s 
 
 6 
 6 
 9 
 
 21 
 27 
 16 
 14 
 18 
 22 
 23 
 12 
 22 
 13 
 24 
 35 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 11 
 10 
 9 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 1 
 7 
 1 
 1 
 
 J 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 10 
 31 
 7 
 12 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 14 
 14 
 12 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 22 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 August 1881 
 
 3 2 
 
 6 
 
 6 1 
 
 15 
 
 September 1881 
 
 36 
 
 October, 1881 
 
 14 
 
 
 11 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 "l 
 
 1 
 7 
 2 
 9 
 2 
 
 2.5 
 
 December, 1X81 
 
 lU 
 
 January, 1682 
 
 12 
 
 FebniaVv, 1882 
 
 14 
 
 March, 1882 
 
 3C 
 
 April, 188'J 
 
 25 
 
 May, 1882 
 
 27 
 
 Juiiu, 1882 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 178 
 
 69 
 
 247 
 
 95 
 
 34 
 
 129 1 74 
 
 27 
 
 101 230 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Physical condition of those tcho died. 
 
 Apoplexy i> 
 
 Apo])lcxy, epileptic 1 
 
 Hrifjlit's disease 4 
 
 Clioiestenenna 1 
 
 Cjii)illary bronchitis '2 
 
 Cirrhosis of liver 1 
 
 Dianlura 10 
 
 Exhauslion from chronic inuiiia . .... 1 
 
 Exhaustion from acute mania -t 
 
 Epileptic c»>nviilsions 1 
 
 Cancer of stomach and intestines.... 2 
 Fatty ilej^oneration of liver, and cinle- 
 
 ma of Innjjs 1 
 
 Heart disease 3 
 
 luauitiou 2 
 
 Malarial fever 2 
 
 Marasmus 'J 
 
 Organic tlisease of lirain '-'vJ 
 
 Organic diseaiio of brain and spinal 
 
 cord 'i 
 
 Paresis 11 
 
 Phthisis pulmonalis 1"2 
 
 Pnounionia .''. 
 
 Paraplegia and inauition 1 
 
 Peritonitis 1 
 
 Senile debility 'J 
 
 Typhoid fever 1 
 
 Ulcer uud stcuottU uf duodeuuiu 1 
 
 101
 
 778 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Duration of the mental disease of thone xclio died. 
 
 Less than one month I 
 
 Two months 1 
 
 Font months '•'> 
 
 Five montliH -i 
 
 Eight months 1 
 
 One year •' 
 
 Two years 5^ 
 
 Three years 11 
 
 Fonr years lf| 
 
 Five years 
 
 Six years 4 
 
 Seven years.... 2 
 
 Eight years 4 
 
 Nine years 2 
 
 Ten years 2 
 
 Eleven years 1 
 
 'i' w(il ve yt;ars 3 
 
 l''oiirtec'U years 4 
 
 Fifteen years 1 
 
 Sixteen years 3 
 
 .Seventeen years 2 
 
 Eighteen years 1 
 
 Nineteen years 1 
 
 Twenty years 2 
 
 Twenty-one years 1 
 
 Twenty-four years 1 
 
 Twenty-seven years 1 
 
 Twenty-eight years 1 
 
 Unknown 11 
 
 101 
 
 'Duration of disease on admission. 
 
 Males. 
 
 Females. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 LESS THA5 SIX MONTHS. 
 . C TVhitO . . 
 
 -^nny (colored. 
 
 -, C White . . 
 
 Navy ( Colored. 
 
 Ci-eiHife i Colored. 
 
 LESS THAN ONE YEAK. 
 
 . C White . . 
 
 ^™y i Colored. 
 
 ,,,. ' C White.. 
 
 N*^y ^Colored. 
 
 Marine Hospital Service < Colored! 
 
 ^. .,,.,. 5 White.. 
 
 Civil hte ( Colored. 
 
 ONE TO TWO YEAliS. 
 
 . C White., 
 
 -^rmy ( Colored. 
 
 T,, C White . . 
 
 Navy ( Colored. 
 
 Marine Hospital Service < Colored 
 
 „..,,.„ C White ., 
 
 CiviHife I Colored, 
 
 OVEU TWO YEARS. 
 . CAVhitO . . 
 
 ■^™y I Colored, 
 
 .. C White . 
 
 Navy } Colored 
 
 „. ., ,.„ ^ White - 
 
 •-ivilWo ^Colored 
 
 16 
 
 71 
 
 78 
 
 22 
 
 54
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OP 
 
 Duration of disease on admission — 
 
 THE INTERIOR. 
 Coutiuued. 
 
 779 
 
 0\'En TIinKK YKAUS. 
 
 Army. 
 Navy . 
 
 ( White . 
 ■ ( CoIoiimI 
 
 < Whit.! . 
 I Colored 
 
 Civil life h^l'^^i 
 
 I Colored 
 
 OVEU FOim YEAIJS. 
 
 ^""^ -■ {SS: 
 
 ^-y {^l;!::d: 
 
 Civil life } 
 
 Males. 
 
 Whit©.. 
 Colored , 
 
 FIVE TO TEX YEARS. 
 
 C White ... 
 ' I Colored.. 
 
 C White... 
 ' I Colored . . 
 
 C White... 
 ■ ) Colored.. 
 
 Civil lif^ SSlir^d! 
 
 Army 
 
 Navy 
 
 Marine Hospit.il Service. 
 
 TEN TO TWENTY YEARS. 
 
 Army 
 
 Navy 
 
 CivU life. 
 
 OVER TWENTY YEAILS. 
 
 Army — . 
 
 Navy 
 
 Civil life. 
 
 C White . . 
 ( Colored . 
 
 C White . . 
 ( Colored . 
 
 C White .. 
 } Colored . 
 
 C While .. 
 { Colored . 
 
 C White.. 
 I Colored . 
 
 C AVhite.. 
 ■ I Colored . 
 
 Army 
 
 Navy 
 
 Civil life. 
 
 C White . 
 ' I Colored 
 
 C White . 
 ( Colored 
 
 J AVhite. 
 ' ( Colored 
 
 KOT LNBANB. 
 
 Army. 
 
 White.. 
 Colui'ed . 
 
 14 
 
 Females. 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 Totals. 
 
 43
 
 780 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 NATIVi: IJOIIN. 
 
 FORKIGN noi'.N. 
 
 District of Columbia f'89 
 
 New York 401 
 
 Maryliiud .-- ''>^0 
 
 Virginia '^^ 
 
 PeniiHylvaiiia 28'^ 
 
 Oliio 
 
 MaHsacbusctts 
 
 Maine 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Couuocticut 
 
 New Hainpsbire 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Micbigau 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 "Vermont 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 Delaware 
 
 North Carolina . 
 
 Alabama 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Louisiana ...... 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Florida 
 
 Texas 
 
 California 
 
 Choctaw Nation 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 Indian Territory 
 
 14 
 1-24 
 
 ()0 i 
 
 51 I 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 41 
 
 :39 
 
 30 
 3() 
 25 
 21 
 27 
 24 
 17 
 14 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 Total 2,890 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Germany 
 
 England 
 
 France 
 
 Canada 
 
 Scotland , 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Italy 
 
 Denmark 
 
 Norway 
 
 Sweden , 
 
 Poland 
 
 Russia 
 
 Austria 
 
 Nova Scotia , 
 
 Spain 
 
 Holland 
 
 Wales , 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Hungary 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Saxony 
 
 Malta , 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Buenos Ayres 
 
 Costa Rica 
 
 Bavaria 
 
 Sicily 
 
 British Columbia 
 
 British Possessions 
 
 East Indies (British) . 
 West Indies (British) 
 West Indies (Hayti) . 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Cuba 
 
 China 
 
 Sandwich Islands 
 
 Coast of Africa 
 
 Cyprus 
 
 Turkey 
 
 1,109 
 
 7:5G 
 
 i:iO 
 
 53 
 
 48 
 
 :w 
 
 15 
 22 
 15 
 10 
 
 11 
 7 
 7 
 9 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 Total 2,281 
 
 Native born. . 
 Foreign bom. 
 Unknown 
 
 2,890 
 
 2,281 
 239 
 
 Total 5,410 
 
 FORM OF DISEASE IN THOSE ADMITTED. 
 
 Mirnia. .icnte 
 
 Itlaiiia, chronic 
 
 ileiiincholia 
 
 Dementi.i 
 
 Dementia, senile 
 
 Paresis 
 
 Dipsomania 
 
 Typhomania (Bell's dia 
 ease) 
 
 1,878 
 
 816 
 
 638 
 
 1,293 
 
 56 
 
 65 
 
 351 
 
 1,93G 
 
 863 
 
 680 
 
 1,354 
 
 62 
 
 73 
 
 366 
 
 Kleptomania... 
 Nymj.liomania . 
 
 Imbecility 
 
 Opinni eaters . . 
 Xot insane 
 
 <i = 
 
 Total j 5,163 
 
 5,410
 
 RErORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 COilPLICATIOXS OF THOSE ADMITTED. 
 
 781 
 
 Epilepsy 
 
 Apoplexy 
 
 I'iirnlysis 
 
 Suicidal dispositinn . . . 
 ]l(>uic'idal (tibitosition 
 
 285 
 2 
 
 122 
 139 
 50 
 
 13 
 
 298 
 
 i2fi 
 
 142 
 00 
 
 Periodicity 
 
 Puerperal state 
 
 Catalepsy 
 
 Nostaljria 
 
 Post febrile condition 
 
 195 
 40 
 8 
 32 
 44 
 
 1§ 
 
 195 
 40 
 U 
 3:1 
 44 
 
 As far as could be ascertained, the volunteers of the Army and Navy 
 under treatment duriiii; the year ending June 30, 1882, euteretl the 
 service from the followiuir States: 
 
 Army. 
 
 lfav>-. Total. ! 
 
 ' !i 
 
 Anny. 
 
 Xavj-. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Xdw York 40 
 
 
 40 
 
 27 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 11 
 
 IG 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Obio 27 
 
 
 
 Perms vlvaiiia 18 
 
 Delaware 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' Virtnnia 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 New Hainpshiie :! 
 
 Vermont 1 
 
 ; Kentucky 
 
 1 Louisiana 
 
 
 
 2 
 10 
 
 1* 
 
 
 
 Unknown 
 
 11 
 
 XewJersey 4 
 
 Maine C 
 
 
 
 212 1 1 
 
 213 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tabular statement of the time of life at which the 5,410 cases treated since the opening of the 
 
 Institution became insane. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Admitted. 
 
 1882. 
 
 83 
 
 
 5 
 
 88 
 
 55 
 
 
 2 
 
 57 
 
 323 
 
 
 13 
 
 336 
 
 n»3 
 
 
 33 
 
 976 
 
 1,038 
 
 
 38 
 
 . 1, 0V6 
 
 009 
 
 
 22 
 
 931 
 
 600 
 
 
 26 
 
 626 
 
 3!t7 
 
 
 18 
 
 415 
 
 273 
 
 
 9 
 
 282 
 
 254 
 
 
 17 
 
 271 
 
 143 
 
 
 10 
 
 153 
 
 51) 
 
 
 3 
 
 Ai 
 
 7 
 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 &4 
 
 
 47 
 
 131 
 
 ' 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 .-■., 103 
 
 
 247 
 
 5,410 
 
 Under 10 years 
 
 Between 10 and 15 years 
 15 and 20 years 
 2f) and 25 years 
 25 and 30 years 
 30 and 35 years 
 35 and 40 years 
 40 and 45 years 
 45 a!id 50 years 
 50 and (iO years 
 00 and 70 years 
 70 and 80 years 
 W) and 90 years. 
 
 Unknown 
 
 "Sot insane 
 
 Total 
 
 Prirate patients. 
 
 Total. 
 
 There were at llie lu'^iuiiing of th<i year 9 nialca, 8 females.. 17 
 
 lieceived (luring the year... 7 males, 4 feiiialrs.. 11 
 
 "Whole number umlor treatmriil \C, males, 12 female.H.. 2H 
 
 Discharged during the year 7 males, 4 females . . U 
 
 Remaiuiug at the end of the year 9 males, 8 females.. 17
 
 782 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Remaining of 
 each year's ad- 
 missions, June 
 30, 1882. 
 
 •IBIOX 
 
 ^CIr-l,-ICOCOeQP5CO-«'-5'3 
 
 1 
 
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 784 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The total Dumber of admissious, 247, is somewhat in excess of the 
 annual averaj?e of admissions for the last few years, while the whole 
 number under treatment, 1,172, is larger than that of any previous year. 
 The daily average number resident is 929. The number of cases re- 
 ported as having recovered is 81, it being a little more than one-third 
 the whole number of discharges, including deaths. The total mortality 
 of the year was 101, it being about 8.0 per cent, of tlic whole number 
 under treatment. This, while not excessive as compared with other 
 hospitals, is somewhat above the average annual mortality here for the 
 last ten years. A considerable number of cases of intermittent fever 
 have occurred, and during the early months of spring, when the river 
 water was rendered very impure by the melting snows and surface 
 drainage, a bilious diarrhoea of a somewhat obstinate tyx)e appeared, 
 which proved fatal in a few cases of feeble persons. But aside from 
 this the general health of the hospital inmates has been good, and the 
 increased mortality seems to have resulted mainly from the termination 
 of an unusual number of chronic cases of brain disease, more than one- 
 third of the deaths having resulted from that cause alone. In only nine 
 cases, out of the ninety deaths in which the duration of the insanity was 
 known, had it been less than one year's standing. The hospital has 
 now arrived at the time when a moderate increase m the yearly death- 
 rate is to be expected, from the fact that a very considerable portion of 
 the population of the institution is made up of the late volunteer sol- 
 diers who have for many years been inmates and are now growing old. 
 The question of the continued use by the hospital of the water from the 
 Anacostia Eiver, which is every year becoming more impure, has been 
 happily settled by Congress at its last session aj)propriating the means 
 to provide a supply of pure water for all purposes. It is thought that 
 this can be best and most economically obtained by bringing the Poto- 
 mac aqueduct water under the river from the mains already laid in the 
 city. Steps are now being taken to accomplish this, and it is confi- 
 dently expected that the work will be completed before the time for the 
 next annual report. 
 
 The legislation of Congress at the last session, which provides at this 
 hospital for the care of the insane from tlie Home for Disabled Volun- 
 teer Soldiers will result in a considerable increase in the number of 
 Army patients, a class that, as the wards of the nation, have a special 
 claim to hosi)ital care. 
 
 In providing the additional accommodations thereby rendered neces- 
 sary it will be possible and desirable to carry out the plan already com- 
 menced in the recent additions to the hospital, of pro^iding detached 
 buildings, or at least distinct wards for certain classes of the insane. 
 With upwards of a thousand patients from whom to select it would be 
 strange if w^e did not find a considerable number who could enjoy within 
 the grounds the same liberty which is accorded to the inmates of the Sol- 
 diers' Homes, and on the other hand the provision of greater security 
 for the criminal and dangerous class apart from their fellows would 
 allow of greater latitude in the care and surroundings of all the rest. 
 With the completion of the proposed extensions and detached buildings 
 we shall have upwards of forty w ards for the classification of our inmates. 
 This would seem to give us all the variety of arrangement and subdi- 
 vision which a progressive philanthropy requires, or that is consistent 
 with the economical management of the hospital. Indeed, a moderate 
 increase of expenditure will be found to result from the multiplied sub- 
 division and thorough classification which the comfort and, we believe, 
 the best interests of the insane demand. But in their care the question
 
 REPORT OF THP: SECRETARY OF THE IXTERIOR. 785 
 
 ought never to be how clieap, but how well. So in their employment, 
 the listless, idle life is to be met and provided for. The problem of the 
 economy of the labor of the insane is at best but a secondary considera- 
 tion. The experience of another year's occupation of our work-room 
 for indoor occupation has not led us to think of its abandonment. Tlie 
 enthusiast who, with no power or right to compel the insane to labor, 
 expects the most of his j)atier)ts to undertake anything like continuous 
 work indoors or out, will probably be disai)poin'ted. Labor is still re- 
 garded as the " primal curse" by the majority of our inmates; but the 
 total number of hours spent in the brush shop is on the increase, and, 
 with the provision in the law enabling tlu'hosi)ital to dispose of surplus 
 products for its own benefit, we hope to make the industry self-support- 
 ing. The inmates seem cheerful at their work, and are better content ; 
 they have some tools, but it is observable that accidents, when they 
 occur, do not happen there; the violence is not at their hands, very 
 much as elopements are generally from locked doors and guarded win- 
 dows. Of course the selection of patients into whose hands tools can 
 be safely put is a matter of great care, more so than that of inmates for 
 unlocked wards. Except a few cases where the typo of their insanit^- 
 predisi)Oses to restless wandering, very few of our chronic insiine desire 
 to run away. When they have gone outside of the inclosures it has 
 more often been from a curiosity to see what lay beyond the wall than 
 a desire to escape. This is their home, their world, and it ought not to 
 be so conducted as to seem to them a prison. During the past year we 
 have opened our doors wider, with no unpleasant result. There is a 
 limit in this beyond which it would be unsafe to go, but it will be found 
 to be a limit that recedes as you advance. The outer doors of four of our 
 female wards, as well as those of the relief building and the invalid 
 ward in the male department, now stand open during the daytime in 
 pleasant weather, and the change is felt to be an agreeable one by the 
 inmates. 
 The follomng is the table of farm and garden products for the year ; 
 
 J arm and ijaiden prodiujts. 
 
 • 
 
 Aiqiaragas, 5,807 bnucliea, at 6 cents $348 42 
 
 Apples, 59 bushels, at 75 cents 44 '2.'i 
 
 Beans hima), 276 bushels, at §1 *27G fK» 
 
 Beans (string), 13 A bushels, at 75 cents 10 12 
 
 :Beef (fresh), 3,330'pouiKls, at 10 cents 'X\:i 00 
 
 Beets, 2,029 bunches, at 4 cents si l(i 
 
 Beets, 149 bushels, at 50 cents 74 50 
 
 Beets (greens), 2« barrels, at $1 28 00 
 
 Cabbage, 18,(>27 heails, at K cents 1,490 if. 
 
 Carrots, 3,345 bnuclifs, at 3 cents lOO ;{.'> 
 
 Celery, 2,575 heads, at 4 cents 10:{ 00 
 
 Chickens, 27-|V dozens, at $4 110 'Xi 
 
 encumbers, 539, at 1 cent 5 39 
 
 Cherries, 90 bushels, at »3 'J70 On 
 
 Currants, 843 quarts, at 15 cents VJ{\ ■{:, 
 
 Corn (green ), 12?^ jV dozens, at 12 cents 15 ;c 
 
 Ducks, 5iV tiozeus, at §5 27 91 
 
 Eggs, 3,0t>5^5 (lozeuH, at 20 cents r.13 17 
 
 Figs, 34 quarts, at 20 cents (J N> 
 
 Geese, 10, at $ 1 10 00 
 
 Gooseberries, 30 quarts, at 15 cents 4 50 
 
 Grapes, 9,077 pounds, at 5 cents 453 ^5 
 
 Kale, 285 biirrels, at §1.50 .1-J7 5ii 
 
 Lettuce, 8,ll»l heads, at 2 cents ir.:5 .-^i 
 
 Leeks, 1,425 heads, at 1 cent. 14 2.'. 
 
 Milk, 44,079 gallons, at 30 cents 13, 22;t 7(i 
 
 Onions (sets), 5 bushels, at J8 40 0(t 
 
 50 Ab
 
 786 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Onions, 5,78r> bunches, at 5 cents $289 25 
 
 Onions, 12 l)uncheH, at $1 I'-i 00 
 
 Oystor-plants, l,ia2 bunclics, at (5 cents 70 92 
 
 Parsley, 3,04;} bunches, at 3 cents 109 29 
 
 Parsnips, 206 bushcln, at $1 206 00 
 
 Peppers, 1 bushel, at l|I 1 00 
 
 Pease, 526 bushels, at $1 526 00 
 
 Pears, 4 bushels, at $3 12 00 
 
 Pork, 37,877 pounds, at 8 cents 3,030 16 
 
 Potatoes (Irish), 2U2 bushels, at 75 cents 219 00 
 
 Potatoes (sweet), 198 bushels, at 50 cents 99 00 
 
 Pumpkins, 8 cartloads, at $2 16 00 
 
 Quinces, 5 bushels, at $3 15 00 
 
 Kadish (horse), 138 pounds, at 8 cents 11 04 
 
 Radishes, 1,669 bunches, at 3 cents 50 07 
 
 Rhubarb, 315 bunches, at 3 cents 9 45 
 
 Raspberries, 225 quarts, at 20 cents 45 00 
 
 Strawberries, 2,690 quarts, at 12i cents 336 45 
 
 Spinach, 12 barrels, at $1 12 00 
 
 Squash (summer), 3,751, at 2 cents 75 02 
 
 Squash (turban), 2,985, at 3 cents 89 55 
 
 Turkeys, 16, at $1.50 24 00 
 
 Turnips, 170 bushels, at 50 cents 85 00 
 
 Turnips (greens), 35 barrels, at $1 35 00 
 
 Tomatoes, 696^ bushels, at 50 cents 348 25 
 
 Veal, 187 pounds, at 8 cents 14 96 
 
 24, 143 21 
 
 The following are the products that were consumed on the farm, 
 and consequently are not a part of the profits. 
 
 Corn fodder (green), 14 acres, at $35 
 
 Corn fodder (dry), 100 tons, at$12 1,200 
 
 Grass (green), 5 acres, at $30 150 
 
 Hay, 200 tons, at $17 3,400 
 
 Mangel-wurzel, 75 tons, at$15 - .-• 1,125 
 
 Rye (green), 5 acres, at $30 150 
 
 Straw (rye), 50 tons, at $15 750 
 
 Total 7,265 
 
 The season of 1881 was one of drought and discouragement to farpers 
 throughout the country, and the hospital farm presented no exception 
 to the general rule. 
 
 The hay crop suffered least, but is somewhat reduced from that of 
 the previous year. The grapes, our greatest luxury, were nearly ruined 
 by a severe hail-storm. The late-cabbage crop was almost a failure ; 
 what the drought spared the canker-worm took. On the other hand, 
 the advantage of the new piggery is seen in the pork product, which 
 shows an increase from 22,376 pounds in 1881, to 37,877 pounds in 1882.' 
 With the immense amount of oiial which is necessarily produced, the 
 raising of swine is perhaps the most profitable industry connected 
 with the hospital farm. The milk product was 44,079 gallons. Until 
 more stall room can be provided for neat cattle we must be content 
 with this, although the hospital, with its considerable increase of in- 
 mates, wUl soon require 200 gallons daily, and with proper accommoda- 
 tions for stock the hospital farm could easily be made to produce that 
 amount. The farm and garden have continued to furnish healthful 
 employment to quite a number of the inmates, although the credit for 
 this does not appear on the balance-sheet of the farm account. 
 
 The estimates for the year ending June 30,1884, are as follows : 
 
 1. For the support, clothing and treatment in the Government Hos- 
 pital for the Insane, of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, the Kevenue 
 Cutter Service, and the United States convict insane, also of all per-,
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 787 
 
 sons ■who have become insane since their entry into the military or 
 naval service of tlic United States, and of the indigent insane of the 
 District of Columbia, $253,125. 
 
 Under the recent legislation whereby provision has been made for 
 the reception and care at the Government Hospital for the Insane of 
 the insane from the Home for the Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, it is 
 thought that the average number of the indigent insane of all classes 
 to be provided for during the liscal year ending June liO, 1881, -svill not 
 be less than 1,125. The expectation is that the number from the Sol- 
 diers' Home will not exceed 150, and that the admissions from all sources 
 will not greatly exceed those of the present year. Such calculations, 
 from the natuie of the case, can be only approximations and may prove 
 to be underestimates. 
 
 The basis of estimated cost is $225 per annum for each patient, which 
 includes all the expenditures of the hospital except those for special im- 
 provements and repairs. For three years past Congress has provided 
 for a portion of this expenditure in the bill for the expenses of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. Following the ratio of increase of the appropriation 
 under that head which has been adopted for those years, the amount in 
 the District bill will be $4G,700, leaving $206,425 to be provided for as 
 hitherto in the sundry civil bill. 
 
 The provision that has been made forsome years past that not exceed- 
 ing $1,000 of this appropriation may be expended in removing indigent 
 patients to their homes is just, and so obviously in the line of economy 
 that its continuance is recommended. 
 
 2. For general repairs and improvements, $10,000. 
 
 This is the amount approi^riated for this purpose for the past two years, 
 and, in view of the extent of the buildings and grounds, it is not too 
 much to keep everything in good repair and maintain all departments 
 of the hospital in efficient condition. 
 
 3. For special improvements, viz: Additional accommodations for 
 stock and farm products ; detached kitchens and cooking apparatus ; 
 cold grapery; forcing and green-house; replacing wooden with iron 
 stairs; for furnishing new wards; in all, $27,500, 
 
 It is believed that nothing has been asked under this head that is not 
 absolutely needed for the most efficient conduct of the hospital. The 
 question of more shelter for our neat stock and barn room for our farm 
 products is an urgent one. Aside from nev/ structures for the swine, 
 no farm buildings have been erected since 1874 ; the milk product of the 
 farm for that year was 13,918 gallons. For the year ending June 30, 
 1882, it was 44,079 gallons. If we are to carry our milk su])i)ly nj) to 200 
 gallons a day, as we can, and as wo must if we are to allbrd an abundance 
 of that form of nourishment, for which we have found no substitute in 
 these enfeebled cases, broken down with disease, we must have some- 
 thing besides shed room for our greatly increased herd. Nor is it econ- 
 omy for the United States to yearly expose to the weather one hundred 
 tons of hay in stacks when the expenditure of $5,000 would give us tho 
 needed barn room and tool house. 
 
 The increased nund)or of inmates renders the erection of detached 
 buildings for the culinary department an absolute necessity. The free- 
 dom from the odors of cooking throughout the building, and the al)senro 
 of the tropic heat hitherto generated in the offices situated ilirectly 
 over the i)resent kitchen, will be felt as a relief. The estimate for this, 
 including the necessary aj^paratus for roasting, steaming, and otherwise 
 preparing the food, $8,500. 
 
 The sum of $3,000 for cold grapery, forcing and green house, is an ex-
 
 788 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING Tin; 
 
 pendituie that will add more to the beauty of the j^rouiid.s and the pleas- 
 ure of the inmates than the sanje amount would yield in almost any 
 other way. It is not alone an .'esthetic, but an economic provision to 
 preserve and brinp: forward the budding- plants that brighten the gar- 
 dens and lawns. It is not unmeet to plant flowers by the pathways of 
 sorrow. 
 
 In preparing the estimates for firewalls, for which an appropriation 
 WHS made the present year, and wiiich walls are now in process of erec- 
 tion, the item of $4,500, to replace the in'csent wooden stairways with 
 lire-proof ones, was, unfortunately, overlooked. This is so obviously 
 necessary to complete the protection against fire that it is now asked to 
 be made immediately available. 
 
 The i-emaining item of $0,000 is to ])rovide bedding and furniture for 
 the new w'ards, which we confidently expect to have ready for occupa- 
 tion by the fall of 1883. 
 
 We have to acknowledge our renewed indebtedness to kind friends 
 for assistance at our evening entertainments with music and dramatic 
 representations ; to Professor Sousa and the Marine Band for agreeable 
 out-door concerts ; to Miss Marsh for a fine bear cub, as the nucleus of 
 a zoological garden ; to Colonel Casey and to thoughtful ladies who have 
 sent us flowers and jdants for our wards, and to all who in one way and 
 another have aided our work. 
 
 Eev. J. S. Deale, D. D., after an acceptable service, having resigned 
 his place as chaplain, IJev. C. Herbert Eichardson has been appointed 
 to the vacancy. There have been no other changes in the staff of offi- 
 cers during the year. IMuch of the continued usefulness and ijrosperity 
 of the hospital has been due to the faithful service and enlarged experi- 
 ence of these officers in the work of their choice. In hospital annals an 
 uneventful is a successfal year. 
 
 Again commending to the judicious liberality of the Nation's Con- 
 gress this government hospital, which they have created and maintained 
 for the wards of the nation. 
 
 We are, very respectfully, your obedient servants, 
 
 J. K. BAENES, 
 President of Board of Visitors. 
 W. W. GODDING, 
 Secretary ex officio, 
 
 Hon. H. M. Teller, 
 
 Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 EEPOET OF THE SUPEEINTENDENT HOT SPEINGS EESEli- 
 
 YATION. 
 
 Hot Springs, October 1, 1882. 
 Sir: I have the honor to transmit my annual report for the year end- 
 ing the 30th of June, 1882. My financial report was forwarded some 
 time since, by which you will learn that my collections of water rent 
 amounted to $3,535.61 ; ground rent, $1,000; disbursements, $1,066.91; 
 deposited in the Merchants' National Bank, Little Eock, $3,468.70. I 
 also inclose the report of J. L. Barnes, who has charge of the Mud- 
 liole bath pool, by w^hich you will learn that 37,690 free baths were 
 given during the year, and 6,313 paid baths. The amount collected for 
 the paid baths is applied to defray the expenses of salaries of attend- 
 ants and other necessary expenses, as you will see by the account ren-
 
 REPORT Ol' THE SECRETARV OP THE INTERIOR. T89 
 
 (lered. Martin Burrctt, who has t']!arj;;(.* of the free pools on the soiitli 
 side of the inoimtain, ro])oits that there are at least KM) baths taken 
 every day in the two ]kioIs for men and women. 
 
 Since iny last annual report I have constructed, by order of the Sec- 
 retary, another brick tank, in which the water of several of the elevated 
 springs is conveyed by pipes. It stands on the side of the mountain 
 above the Arlington ITotel. It holds I'O.OOO jjallons. Several bath- 
 houses draw^ hot water from this tank. 
 
 Capt. T. H. Haudbury, United States engineer, has completed the 
 surva\v of the creek, and, I presume, has forwanled his rei)ort. I re- 
 spectfully but most earnestly recommond that tin- portion of the creek 
 from the forks down to the Arlington Hotel be imjiroved at once, as the 
 street is dangerous and in places almost impassable. I suggest that 
 Congress be asked to ai)[)ropriate a sulTicient amount to corai)lete the 
 entire work as proposed by Ca])tain Handbury. 
 
 I must again urge upon the Secretary the policy, and, indeed, the ne- 
 cessity of giving the Federal court jurisdiction over this reservation* 
 The local magistrates are elected by popular vote. The gamblers, 
 fakirs, robbers, and bummers cojistitute a large element of the voting 
 l)opulatiou, and consequently the local magistrates, in many instances, 
 are in sympathy with them, if not of the same character. Therefore 
 it is almost an impossibility to convict this clnss of trespassers upon the 
 reservation. If the authority was given to the l-'ederal court I would 
 have little trouble, as this class of men have, as indeed most of the peo- 
 ple of the South, a very healthy fear of the L'nited States court. 
 
 By direction of the Secretary, I selected one hundred lots on the orig- 
 inal reservation, which were sold at Little Rock by the land oflieers in 
 Julj'. As I predicted in my report to the Secretary, the lots sold for 
 prices largely over the valuation by the late commissioners, and would 
 have brought much more had it not been for a combination formeil on 
 the last day of the sale, by which no bids above the valuation were to 
 be made. I therefore recommend that no more of public lots be sold 
 at present. The town is rapidly improving and the remaining lots will 
 steadily increase in value. 
 
 The number of guests and patients is constantly increasing from ye;ir 
 to year, as the marvelous eftect of these water's becomes known through- 
 out the country. Tiie bath-houses on the reservation are elegant 
 structures; handsomely and conveniently furnished, atlbrding every 
 l)0ssible facility to the bathers. The hotels and boarding-honses are in- 
 creasing, and are am])le to meet the wants of the guests, and at i)rices 
 within the means of all classes. The wisdom of tin; government in re- 
 taining the control of this reservation and tlicse wonderful wat<»rs, is 
 manifested daily. Its ])olicy not only atlbrds elegant and delightful fa- 
 cilities ibr bathing to the wealthy and well-to-do peoi)le, but it furnishes 
 to the afllicted poor, who come here from all parts of the country, the 
 benefit of these waters without money and without price. 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 B. F. KKLLEY, 
 tSu2>nin(cndent. 
 
 Hon. H. M. Teller, 
 
 Seaelanj of the Interior.
 
 790 TAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 REPORT OF THE SUPEliIi\TI0NJ)Ej^TOE TJIE YELLOWSTONE 
 
 NATIONAL PARK. 
 
 Headquarters Yellowstone National Park, 
 
 Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyo., December 1, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit the following as my animal report: 
 
 1 arrived in the Park on the 22(1 day of May, coming- in by the Union 
 Pacific Railroad from Omaha to Ogden, thence by the Utaii Northern 
 Railroad to Dillon, thence by stage to Virginia City, Mont. From there 
 I was obliged to take private conveyance up the valley of the Madison 
 River to its head in the great Fire-Hole Basin, a distance from Virginia 
 City of 115 miles. After remaining there at the Marshall House two 
 days, Mr. Marshall, with Mr. George Graham (a blacksmith, whom I had 
 hired at Virginia City for the season), my son, and myself, set out on 
 horseback for the Mammoth Hot Springs, the official headquarters of 
 the Park, a distance of 50 miles over the mountains. It was a severe 
 and perilous journey, on account of the snow and the swollen rivers and 
 mountain streams that lay across our way. However, thanks to the 
 experience and indomitable courage of my guides and the endurance of 
 our faithful horses, we all reached headquarters in safety the second 
 day out, a little before midnight. 
 
 On reaching the house all w^as dark and silent, but we soon made our- 
 selves heard. A light gleamed through the windows, the door was 
 thrown open, and wo were invited in by Mr. Stephens, the superintend- 
 ent in charge, with a generous cordiality seldom found elsewhere than 
 in these mountains. 
 
 After spending a day or two at headquarters, and advising with Mr. 
 Stephens, I started with two teams for Bozeman, Mont., our nearest nmr- 
 ket town (from this point 80 miles distant), to purchase us supplies 
 and tools, hire a crew of men, and prepare for the season's campaign. 
 The road was in a horrible condition, consequently we could haul but 
 light loads, yet we succeeded in landing sufficient supplies to last until 
 better roads. 
 
 We also hired a small crew of men which we set at work on the 5tli 
 of June, at the north side of the Park, near the Yellowstone River, at 
 the foot of McCartney's hill. We also employed a carpenter and a ma- 
 son, and set about repairing the headquarter's house, which we found 
 to be in a sadly dilapidated condition, and hardly habitable for a white 
 man. Our mason first burned a small limekiln, and then pointed the 
 house from the ground to the roof, inside and out, and whitewashed the 
 wall through all of the inside until it was white as snow, thereby de- 
 stroying the vermin that infested the premises in such vast numbers 
 that no person with a cuticle less sensitive than that of a rhinoceros 
 could live in them through the summer mouths. Meantime our carpen- 
 ter was at work repairing the doors, windows, roof, and other parts of 
 the building, putting up ceiling overhead with cotton cloth, for want of 
 lumber; making domestic furniture, such as tables, bedsteads, and set- 
 tees; the latter we covered with calico, making a convenient seat for 
 the numerous callers that have visited us the past summer. So we can 
 now say that the government buildings here are in a state of preserva- 
 tion, and comfortable, if not elegant. 
 
 Simultaneously with commencing work on this side of the Park, I 
 had taken steps to organize and equi]) another party to begin work at 
 Riverside, on the Madison River, near the west line of the Park, and 
 near the point where the travel from Virginia City and a place on the
 
 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 791 
 
 Utah Northern Eailroad called Beaver Canon unite, and i)roceed to- 
 gether to the central attraction, the Fire-Hole Basin and the prcat 
 geysers. Here I found it necessary to do some heavy grading. Here- 
 tofore the travel had been forced i)rincii)ally to reach the Fire-Hole 
 Basin by following the river through a difiicult and rough canon, involv- 
 ing the fording of the stream five times in the short distance of about 
 10 miles. The ]\[adison River at this point is a broad and rapid stream, 
 and except in time of low water these crosshigs are both difficult and 
 dangerous. A good road, however, can be made through this canon 
 when the government will supply the money. I estimate that it will 
 cost not less than $15,000 to bridge and grade about 20 miles of this 
 route. Under these <;ircumstanc('S there seemed to me nothing left us 
 but to try and scale the mighty mountains and hills that lie along the 
 Madison, and between us and our objective point. 
 
 The Fire-Hole Basin work was begun here on the 8th of June, and 
 after six weeks of hard digging, plowing, and scraping, the summit was 
 attained, leaving behind us a road and grade up which our four-mule team 
 has hauled repeatedly a load of freight weighing over 2,500 pounds. 
 This party, headed by Mr. George Graham and my son, G. ^f. Conger 
 (when not engaged in doing blacksmith work or hunting), proceeded 
 on the road towards the Fire-Hole, removing the stumps and rocks 
 from the path, putting in culverts and cross-ways or bridges over mirey 
 ground and deep gulleys, until they reached the big hills on the verge 
 of the basin, where another long and heavy grade had to be made to 
 let us down to a level with the Fire-Hole River at Marshall Hotel. 
 
 In the meantime the jiarty commencing work at ^McCartney's hill had 
 been recruited to about a dozen men, and placed under the command of 
 Capt. E. S. Topping. They worked up from McCartney's, making an 
 excellent road, considering the high and rough character of the ground 
 over which the road lies. Thence they pushed on over the immense 
 mountains which surround the valley of the Gardiner River at this 
 place, doing all that could be done to render passable the road out over 
 this range, until a level plateau is reached, over which our May i)asses 
 for a distance of about 8 miles, bringing us to the main brancli of the 
 Gardiner River, and about 12 miles from headquarters. Here we found 
 it necessary to construct a bridge, as the river is deep and rapid, and 
 an attempt to ford it, except at low water, is attended with great diffi- 
 culty and danger. Indeed, a party of tourists went into camp for a 
 week here, waiting for a decline of the water before venturing to cross. 
 My assistant, Mr, G. L. Henderson, went with mo out to the river, and, 
 after a carefiU examination of the same for a mile or two, up and down, 
 we agreed upon the most eligible point to locate the bridge, and upon 
 the plan of its construction. Captain Topping and his men look hold 
 of the work in earnest, and in less than two weeks they had linished a 
 substantial structure across the river that we think retlects credit upon 
 its builders. The bridge is built with abutments on each shore, well 
 out into the river. The abutments are ma<le by a crib of logs lirmly 
 pinned together at the (^rners, and then lillcd with rock above high- 
 water mark. The center j^ier we niade in the sliap«) of a V, fastcnetl in 
 the same manner at the corner, and lilled, like the abutments, with rock ; 
 then the structure was covered witii hewn logs live inches thick, the 
 whole making a bridge that 1 think will stand any strain that is likely 
 to happen it, either from the eh>ments or otherwise. The cover of the. 
 bridge is 90 feet long. Up to this time it was the custom of ^Ir. Hen- 
 derson or myself to be on the ground daily with the men; and, iudeetl, 
 during the whole season one or both of us has been in the Held nearly 
 all of the time.
 
 792 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 After tlic bridge was linislied, the ca}>tain, witli liis party, pushed on 
 south toward the Fire-llole Basin, that being the gi'and center towards 
 which both parties were aiming. Our route now runs up the Willow 
 Creek to near the great obsidian or gUiss mountain, which is a marvel- 
 ous thing in nature and well worth the journey to see. There was con- 
 siderable work on this part of the road in taking out rocks in the path, 
 an(J building and repairing culverts and cross- ways. 
 
 After passing the glass mountain we soon come upon high hills and 
 rough country, requiring a great amount of labor to render the road 
 passable. We are now leaving the waters that flow into the Gardiner 
 Eiver, and are climbing the mountains that separate the Gardiner from 
 the Gibbon Eiver. About here we pass a beautiful lake, called Lake of 
 the Woods. I do not know what the altitude is at this iK)int, but it 
 cannot be less than 7,500 feet above sea level. 
 
 From thence we worked our way over a rough and hilly country to 
 the Gibbon Basin, where the traveler is startled by his first sight of 
 this wonderful Fire-Hole. Standing on the eminence that surrounds 
 and overlooks this basin, with its thousand columns of hissing steam 
 rising to the clouds, and its hundred spouting and boiling springs, all 
 in active operation, hurling their heated waters high into the air, he 
 sees a sight so novel and so sublime as to daze the beholder and fill 
 him with awe. In this basin are several large geysers and a great num- 
 ber of lesser ones. We have now reached a point 30 miles nearly 
 south of headquarters, or the Mammoth Hot Springs, and about 35 
 miles from the north line of the Park. It is yet 20 miles to the 
 great Fire-Hole Basin. Our road is still in a mountainous and rugged 
 country, requiring much labor and expense before it can be said to be 
 a good road. Still we pushed on ; but owing to the limited amount of 
 the appropriation (and when you consider the extent of the territory 
 and the great natural obstructions that have to be encountered, it seems 
 to me it must be evident to you that the amount heretofore placed at 
 the disposal of the Secretary of the Interior "for the protection and im- 
 provement of the Yellowstone National Park" Is entirely inadequate) 
 we are obliged to content ourselves by making such roads and improve- 
 ments only as will render travel possible. 
 
 But to proceed with our road : we have to pass over some very high 
 hills to reach the valley of the main Gibbon, where we encounter a wide, 
 low bottom called the Geyser Meadows, a place where it will require a 
 large amount of labor to make a good road. After passing this meadow 
 our road enters the Gibbon Canon, and follows the river down several 
 miles, close on the edge of the stream, crossing the same three times in 
 as many miles over difficult and dangerous crossings in time of high 
 water. After passing through this caiion our road gains the highlands 
 by a steep grade along the side of the mountain on the south side of 
 the river. We soon come to the great falls of the Gibbon, where the 
 river plunges over a perpendicular precipice of 75 feet, which in the 
 stillness of the evergreen forest that covers this country renders the 
 scene as enchantingly beautiful as "fairy-land." We are now within 
 10 miles of our objective point, viz, the Lower Fire-Hole Basin ; and as 
 the character of the country differs little from that over which we have 
 passed, I need not particularize further than to mention that we made 
 two quite important grades on the way, changing the road from the old 
 track, and materially lessening the difificulties over two high and rugged 
 hULs. 
 
 At last, through much tribulation, we have arrived at the head of the 
 Madison Eiver, which is formed by the junction of the two Fire-Hole
 
 RKPOR'I' OP THE SECRKTARV OF THK INTERIOR. 793 
 
 Kivers at the iiortberu edge of the Lower Fire-J lole Dasiii. Wlien I tell 
 you that at this point the ^fadison IJiver is a dee;) and rapid Htieam, 
 nearly or quite 200 feet in m idth, you will lune sonir conceiition ol" the 
 immense How of boiling hot water that conies out of tlie earth within 
 less than 15 miles of this point, and forms the two Fire-Hole Eivers 
 Avhich here unite. 
 
 My working force (both parties) were now here, and I found it an 
 imperative necessity to build a storehouse and bhicksmith shop in 
 order properly to care for our i)rovisions and snpi)lies. the government 
 having no building nearer than our headquarters, ")(> miles distant. Be- 
 sides, this point is the gi^and cent«^r of attraction, and a place to which 
 every tourist who visits the Park is certain to conu'. Om? other reason 
 why I selected this site for a storehouse was, on account of its central 
 position working parties can be supplied from this depot in one day 
 from almost any part of the Park. xVfter having resolved to build, and 
 decided upon the size and style of the buildings requirccl^ I dratted the 
 plans and set part of the men to getting out tlie timber for the proposed 
 buildings. 
 
 The rest of the men, under Captain Topping, continued work on the 
 road. I directed them first to go over the road to the Yellowstone I^ake, 
 a distance of 35 miles from this point, and put the same in good repair, 
 and then turned their attention toward the Great Falls and the Grand 
 Canon of the Yellowstone, about 20 miles below the lake. The work 
 was comparatively light on the road from the Fire-Hole t<) the lake ; 
 but when we neared the falls and canon I found it necessary to cut a 
 new road along the bank of the river for over three miles to enable 
 tourists to ride to the falls. Heretofore they have been compelled to 
 abandon their carriages, and climb almost imjjassable mountains on the 
 back of a pony or on foot. This road along the river was a difficult 
 and costly piece to build, requiring heavy excavation along the side of 
 the steep mountain for nearly the whole distance. But it is finished, 
 and we have received the commendation and thanks of every jierson 
 who has i)assed over the road, ibr having built it. 
 
 Meantime our buildings are i)rogressing at the Fire-Hole Basin, the 
 place we now call our summer headfpiarters. The government store- 
 house here in dimensions is .'U by 22 feet, built of hewn logs, substan- 
 tially and neatly put up, one story high, with solid log partition framed 
 into the structure, making two rooms in the building. One room is 
 floored with hewn logs, 5 inches thick, neatly fitted together, for the 
 storage of provisions ; this heavy i)artition and floor being necessary to 
 protect our sui)])lies from the ravages of the mountain rats and scpiin-els 
 that here abound. The other room is not yet floored, as we have no 
 lumber except what we manufacture with an ax ; but by putting in an 
 old cooking stove, which 1 was fortunate enough to obtain here, it makes 
 a very convenient and comfortal)le j)lace foi' us when at work in this 
 vicinfty, besides being a great accommodation to tourists who desire to 
 leave a ])ortion of their luggage while they visit the lake, the Grand 
 Canon, and the Great Falls of the Yellowstone. We have a strong 
 door on the storeroom, and one window in the same; also an outside 
 door, and two win<lows in the front room. 
 
 The blacksmith shop is similar in construction, 20 by 20 feet, with a 
 door and two window-s. Convenient to the shop is a coal-house, 10 by 
 15 feet, in which 1 have a quantity of charcoal left over after tlie s«*a 
 son's business, from a i)it that we burned early in the season. The 
 buildings are all carefully chinked on the inside and dauljetl on the out- 
 side, and thoroughly covered with dirt roofs, which we consider storm
 
 794 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 proof, and will probably answer the purpose for which they were con- 
 strncted, for many ycjirs. 
 
 Mr. Secretary, J would j^ladly have consulted you in regard to these 
 buildings before they were begun, but the demand was so urgent, and 
 it takes so very long to communicate by mail, in these far-o£f mountains, 
 with your office, that I ventured on my own judgment to proceed without 
 specihc authority, trusting that what I might do would receive your 
 sanction and ai)proval. 
 
 After the buildings were completed I sent the men who had been 
 there employed with a pack-train and outfit over to the falls to improve 
 the trails and bridle-paths around them and the Grand Cailon, also to 
 open a new and better bridle-path from the falls along the base of 
 Mount Washburn, via Tower Falls, to intersect the Clark's Fork wagon 
 road near ]5arronett's bridge, thus enabling tourists to make a complete 
 circuit of the Park, and to see most of the marvelous wonders of nature 
 that so abound in this our nation's great play-ground, and which I am 
 assured by eminent travelers are not to be found elsewhere on the 
 globe. 
 
 It is September. Our bridle-paths are finished ; our grades along 
 the banks of the Yellowstone are completed ; and the gathering snows 
 on the distant mountain tops admonish us that we must soon seek a lesser 
 altitude. We therefore take a parting glance at the Great Falls, the 
 Grand Caiion, and the glorious snow-crowned mountains, and all depart 
 for our summer headquarters in the Lower Fire-Hole Basin. Arrived 
 there we still find plenty of work that requires our attention, notably 
 the building of three foot-bridges, two of them across the Great Fire- 
 Hole Eiver, and the other across the Little Fire-Hole, near our store- 
 house. The bridges across the larger river are 130 feet in length, and 
 the one across the lesser stream is 50 feet long, Thes6 bridges are 
 built by hewing long timbers flat, and placing two pieces side by side 
 upon strong benches standing in the river, and securely fastened to- 
 gether, then putting up a hand-rail along one side, enabling any person 
 to cross with ease and safety. These foot-bridges have long been a 
 necessity, and will prove a great convenience to ourselves as well as the 
 public. 
 
 September 14 I took my departure for the Mammoth Hot Springs, to 
 give attention to my office work, w^hich I confess I had too long neg- 
 lected. But (as I have before written you), deeming it of the first im- 
 portance that the money appropriated by Congress for the improve- 
 ment of the Park be judiciously and properly expended, I felt it to be 
 my first duty to remain in the field to direct and supervise the work. 
 Before leaving, I directed Caj^tain Topping Avith his party to work back 
 over the road to the Mammoth Hot Springs, and repair some crossways 
 that had become badly demoralized by the heavy military trains and 
 others passing over them during the summer. I left Mr. Graham and 
 my son with their men to finish the foot-bridges, to take an inventory 
 of the stock and tools to be left there, to close up and lock the build- 
 ings, and then to come to the springs and construct a bridge across the 
 Gardiner Kiver, which had recently been destroyed by a devastating tire 
 that had swept over a large tract of the Park in the immediate ndgh- 
 borhood of headquarters. I spent a few days in my office, and then 
 took stage for Bozeman, Mont., to settle with the merchants of that 
 bright and busy mountain city for the sui)plies that tlioy had so gener- 
 ously advanced me for the use of the govvTument during the season. 
 I was thus occupied there for several days, when I again took the stage 
 for Virginia City, Mont., another trade center in these mountains, to
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 795 
 
 whose liberal merchants I was uuder like obligations for the same kind 
 of favors. I closed my bnsiness here, and icturnod by the same route, 
 reaching home in time to sec the last phmk fastened down upon our new 
 bridge across the Gardiner. The bridge is a sjjlendid one of the kind, 
 and is constructed after the i)atteru before described. I then settled 
 with the few men tliat haU still stuck to the work until it was finished, 
 which was on the 25th day of October. 
 
 The snow was now getting deep all over the Park. The bell ha<l 
 summoned all ashore wlio were not going to sail, and, not desiring to be 
 blockaded here all winter, I bade farewell to my assistant, Mr. G. L. 
 Henderson, and his son, whom we left in charge, and myself and wife 
 made our escape down the valley of tlie Yellowstone to the North Pacilic 
 Railroad, and thence to the green tields of Iowa, our home. 
 
 j\Ir. Secretary, I desire to say, in concluding this prosy report, that 
 we do not claim to have written our names upon tlie mountain tops here, 
 and will be content if you shall approve, and the great public, from 
 whose verdict there is no appeal, shall concede, that we have left our 
 mark upon the roads, trails, and bridle-paths of this great National 
 Park. 
 
 I have the honor to be, verv respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 P. n. COXGER, 
 Superintendent Yelloicstotie yational Pari: 
 
 REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES INSPECTOR OK GAS 
 
 AND METERS. 
 
 Office United States Inspectoe of Gas and ]\[etebs, 
 
 No. 403 Tenth Street, 
 Washinf/tonj D. (7., September 4, 18S2. 
 Sir: I have the honor herewith to submit the annual report of this 
 ofiice, showing its operations for the Jiscal year ending June .SO, ISS'2. 
 
 At its commencement will be found condensed tables giving the illu- 
 minating i)Ower and purity of the gas furnished by the gas companies 
 during the year. 
 
 Full monthly statements will be found in Tables A and li. In the re- 
 maining tables, lettered C, D, E, E, and G, the monthly in.si)ection of 
 meters, the i)ressun; of the gas, and the receipts and expemlitures are 
 fully stated. 
 
 Ver\' respectfuUv, vour obedient servant, 
 
 ' ' S. TALVEKT FOliD, 
 
 Inspector of (Jus and Mtters. 
 Hon. Henry :\r. Teller, 
 
 Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 ILLUmiNATINO POWER AND PITRTTY. 
 
 The illuminating jjowerand i)urity of th«' gas .supplied in this District 
 during the year ending dune .')(), ISSl*. will eoiiii»are favorably with pn*- 
 vious years since inspection has been in oi)eration. 
 
 The gas manufactured and sui>plied by the Wa.shington Gas Light 
 Company is not entirely a jiroduct Uoxn coal; tln-y use naphtha as an 
 enricher. This hyilrocarbon is convertetl into a lixed gas, and then 
 united with the gas obtained from coal. 
 
 This combinatjou of the gases from coal and naphtha yields au illu-
 
 79C PAPERS ACCOMPANYING TRK 
 
 minatinft- gas oi' high Kpeciiic gravity. On 80ine occasions complaints 
 were made of its giving off smoke; this nuisance will 'arise, however, 
 from several causes, such as a scant or inadequate supply, imperfect or 
 unsuitable burners, and deficient i)ressure. 
 
 If the supply of gas and the pressure be not ample to give a perfect 
 shai)e or form to flat-flame burners, smoke and unpleasant odors pro- 
 duced by imperfect combustion must be the result. 
 
 The gas supplied by the Georgetown Gas Light Company is manu- 
 factured entirely from coal, Pennsylvania and West Virginia coals being 
 Tised, with from 10 to 15 per cent, of Cannelton cannel coal as an en- 
 richer. 
 
 The inspection of this gas since October, 1881, has been made at the 
 laboratory located on High street, the distance from the gas works by 
 company's mains being about 2,400 feet. 
 
 Testing the illuminating power of the gas at this point affords a more 
 satisfactory average of quality than when inspected at laboratory ad- 
 joining the company's manufacturing department. 
 
 The illuminating power and purity of the gas supplied by the Wash- 
 ington Gas Light Company from June 24, 1881, to June 23, 1882, was 
 as follows : 
 
 Average illuminating power during tlie year - candles-. IG. 87 
 
 Highest illuminating power during the year do ... - 18. 5;' 
 
 Lowest illuminating power during the year do 14. 41> 
 
 Average quantity of ammonia in 100 cubic feet during the year grains.. 1. 92 
 
 Highest quantity of ammonia in 100 cubic feet during the year do 7.52 
 
 Lowest quantity of ammonia in 100 cubic feet diu-ing the year do 61 
 
 Average quantity of sulphur in 100 cubic feet during the year.... do 11.60 
 
 Highest quantity of sulphur in 100 cubic feet during the year do.... 54.80 
 
 Lowest quantity of sulphur in 100 cubic feet during the year do 5. 13 
 
 Specific gravity. — Average specific gravity, .491 ; air, 1.000 ; highest, 
 .591 ; lowest, .425. 
 
 On eighteen occasions during the past year the gas supplied by the 
 Washington Gas Light Company was of less illuminating power than 
 sixteen candles, as follows : 
 
 Candles. 
 
 July 6 15.71 
 
 July 18 15.6ii 
 
 .July 19 15.86 
 
 September 27 15.82 
 
 October 22 15.70 
 
 October 24 15.97 
 
 December 5 1.5.95 
 
 December 6 15.74 
 
 December 7 ^ 15. 9'.i 
 
 .Ijinuary 31 - 15. 82 
 
 February 1 15. 4() 
 
 March 23 15.93 
 
 March 30 15.99 
 
 April '28 15.81 
 
 Mav5 14.98 
 
 June2 15,95 
 
 June 3 15.66 
 
 June 5 14.49 
 
 On twelve occasions the gas of this company contained a slight excess 
 of ammonia over the 5 grains allowed in each 100 cubic feet : 
 
 GralDs. 
 
 October29 6.07 
 
 October 31 _ 5.86 
 
 November 1 , 7. .52 
 
 Novemljer 2 > 6. 5)=! 
 
 November 3 w_ 5-22 
 
 November 10... -v. 5.27
 
 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 797 
 
 GtaiDs. 
 
 November 11 ij. 1"J 
 
 December 20 T). 01 
 
 December 21 »>. 0:> 
 
 December 23 .'». 7:5 
 
 December 24 r>. 27 
 
 June 23 5. lU 
 
 On five occasions the gas supplied by this company contained an ex- 
 cess of sulphur over the 20 grains allowed in each 100 cubic feet : 
 
 (il'uius. 
 
 January 5 54.60 
 
 February 11 2t).tn 
 
 March 1 20.37 
 
 March2 20.07 
 
 Marcb3 22. GG 
 
 The illuminating power ami purity of tlie gas supplied by the George- 
 town Gas Light Company from Juno 24, 1881, to Juno 23, 1882, wajs as 
 follows : 
 
 Average illuuilnatLaj^ power dmiuy the year canillo.s. 
 
 Highest illuminating power during the year do... 
 
 Lowest illuminating power during the year do... 
 
 Average quantity of ammonia in ICO cubic feet during the year grains. 
 
 Highest quantity of ammonia in 100 cubic feet during the year <lo... 
 
 Lowest quantity of ammonia in 100 cubic feetduring the year do... 
 
 Average quantity of sulphur in 100 cubic feet during the year do... 
 
 Highest quantity of suliihur in 100 cubic feet during the year do... 
 
 Lowest quantity of sulphur in WO cubic feetduring the year do... 
 
 1G.94 
 
 20. 16 
 
 13.150 
 
 1 .',7 
 
 H. 92 
 
 10. GS 
 
 1G.44 
 
 5. 20 
 
 Spec ijic gravity. — Average specific gravity, .454; air, 1.000; highest, 
 .530 ; lowest, .418. 
 
 On twenty-eigbt occasions during the past year the ga« supplied by 
 the Georgetown CJas Light Company wa.s of less illuminating power 
 than si.xteen candles, a.s follows : 
 
 July 12 rK4o 
 
 July 13 - 1:^.75 
 
 July 22 13.86 
 
 (September 27 l.'>. 9H 
 
 October 1 15.73 
 
 Octobers - 15. (W 
 
 October 6 15.14 
 
 November 1 15. 13 
 
 November 11 15.82 
 
 November 14 , 15.23 
 
 November 15 15.03 
 
 December 5 1.5. 01 
 
 December 7 15.5.5 
 
 December M 15.76 
 
 Deceml)t!r'J 15.91 
 
 December 31 15. :ft> 
 
 February 8 14.:t7 
 
 February 23 15. IH 
 
 March 4 1 15. IH 
 
 April 7 14.77 
 
 April 12 14.;iO 
 
 May 24 15. 7.'< 
 
 J nne 6 15. '.M> 
 
 Juno 7 1.'). (Kl 
 
 Juno 9 15. (».; 
 
 June 19 H.91 
 
 June 22 15.1'! 
 
 June 2;} 15.90
 
 798 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 Ou twelve occasions the gas supplied by this company contained an 
 excess of ammonia over the 5 grains allowed in each 100 cubic feet. 
 
 Grains. 
 
 July 11 6.20 
 
 Jnlyl'i 6.20 
 
 July i:? '. 8.92 
 
 July 14 8.92 
 
 July 15 7.85 
 
 JulV 16 7.85 
 
 July 18 5.32 
 
 July 19 o 5.32 
 
 August 12 , 5.84 
 
 August 13 8.84 
 
 August. 15 - 5.35 
 
 August 16 - 5.35 
 
 ESrSPECTION OF METERS. 
 
 One thousand four hundred and twenty meters were inspected and 
 proved by this office during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882. With 
 the exception of two meters inspected and proved for the Alexandria 
 Gas Light Company, the above number were inspected and proved for 
 the Washington and Georgetown Gas Light Companies and for con- 
 sumers of gas. 
 
 The results of inspection were as follows: 33 registered fast against 
 the consumers, average error 3.56 per cent. ; 117 registered slow against 
 the companies, average error 7.21 per cent. ; 1,210 registered within the 
 limits allowed by law, namely, 2 per cent, either way, and were sealed 
 and returned to the companies for service; 51 did not register the gas 
 flowing through them, and one was locked so no inspection could be 
 made. 
 
 Two hundred and twenty of the above-mentioned meters were in- 
 spected and proved on complaint j 55 were complained of by consumers 
 of gas; 17 registered fast, average error 4.16 per cent.; 13 registered 
 slow, average error 3.96 per cent. ; 25 registered within the limits al- 
 lowed by law; 165 were complained of by the gas companies; 3 regis- 
 tered fast, average error 4.28 per cent.; 91 registered slow, average 
 error 10.86 per cent. ; 19 registered within the limits allowed bylaw; 
 51 did not register, and 1 was locked. 
 
 I respectfully recommend that the act of Congress regulating gas- 
 works, approved June 23, 1874, be modified so as to require, when for 
 any purpose whatever the heads of meters that have been inspected,' 
 proved, and sealed are removed by the gas companies, meters of this 
 description should be classed as repaired meters, and brought to this 
 office for reinspection before again being placed in service. 
 
 The seal of the inspector is the evidence that the meter has been 
 properly tested and proven as required by law. 
 
 To admit the right of the comj)anies to remove the head of a sealed 
 meter and rectify whatever is wrong, and return meter to ser\'ice with- 
 out reinspection and sealing, would be to render the law practically 
 inoperative, by making uncertain, if not impossible, the protection se- 
 cured through inspection and sealing by the office created for that pur- 
 pose. 
 
 S. CALVERT FORD, 
 Insjyector of Gas and Meters.
 
 REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 POSTMASTEE-GENEEAL. 
 
 Post-Office Department, 
 
 Washingt07i, D. C, November 18, 1882. 
 Sir : T hare the honor to submit herewith a report of the operations 
 of this department for the fiscal year which ended ou the 3Uth of June, 
 
 1882 : 
 
 FINANCIAL STATE3IENT. 
 
 The total disbursements for postal service durmg the year were 140,482,021 23 
 
 The ordinary receipts were 41, 515, ft42 80 
 
 The receipts from money orders were 360, 767 35 
 
 Total 41,876,410 15 
 
 Excess of receipts over expenditures was 1, 3M, 388 92 
 
 For the first time in thirty-one years the postal service is not a burden 
 upon the Treasury. 
 
 In order to determine the real cost of the postal service for the past 
 year, three important modifications of the foregoing figures should be 
 made: 
 
 First. There should be deducted from the total disbursements the 
 sum of $142,380.48 ; which, though paid out during the last year, was 
 for service rendered during previous years, and was an outstanding 
 liability on the 30th of June, 1881. 
 
 Second. There should be ad<led tlie sum of $328,550.40, estimated to 
 be due for service rendered during the last year, and which was an out- 
 standing liability ou the 30th of June last. 
 
 Third. Tlioie sliould iilso be added tlie sum of $1,178,174,0.5, earned 
 by certain railway companies for transportation of the mails between 
 the Missouri Kiver and the Pacific. The earnings of those companies 
 are not ])aid by the Post-Oftice Department; but, pursuant to the act; 
 of March 3, 1870, are passed to the credit of the several companies 
 upon the books of the Treasury, and, therefore, have not been hereto- 
 fore computed with the annual statement of disbursements. The ac- 
 count thus stated shows an excess of earnings of but $.330,050.80. 
 
 During the fiscal year whiih eiuled June 30, 1881, the expenditures 
 for flie postal service were $39,251,730.40. The total revenues were 
 $36,785,397.97. The deficiency was $2,400,338.49. In 1800 the defi- 
 ciency was more than $10,000,000. 
 
 799
 
 800 REPOltT OF THE POSTMABTER-GENERAL. 
 
 Some part of this great improvement is due to the wonderful growth 
 and prosperity of the country ; but a larger part is due to the improved 
 methods in the administration of the service. 
 
 During the fiscal year which ended June 30, 1877, the revenues were 
 $27,531,585.26. The expenditures were $33,486,322.44. 
 
 The following table shows how steadily the revenues have increased 
 year by year since that time : 
 
 1877 the postal revenues were 127,031,585 26 
 
 1878 the postal revenues were 29,277,516 95 
 
 1879 the postal revenues wore 30,041,982 80 
 
 1880 the postal revenues were 33,315,479 34 
 
 1881 the postal revenues wore 30,785,397 97 
 
 1882 the postal revenues were , 41,876,410 15 
 
 Happily the expenditures have not kept pace with these earnings. It 
 would seem to be quite as easy to expend $1.20 now to earn $1 as it wa« 
 in 1877. In one respect it would seem more natural to do so. The rev- 
 enues are gathered from a broader field now than they were in 1877. 
 The new territory is the most barren, and yields the most meager re- 
 turns. 
 
 The heaviest item of expenditure is for the transportation of mails on 
 railways. The next heaviest is that for the pay of postmasters. These 
 two items do, and under existing laws must, swell with the volume of 
 business, since the rate of compensation is proportioned to the amount 
 of business done. 
 
 The expenditure next in rank is that for what is known as 
 
 STAR SERVICE. 
 
 That includes all mail transportation not on railways nor on steam- 
 boats. The amount and cost of that service is left amost wholly to the 
 arbitrary control of the department. 
 
 The following table exhibits in parallel columns the number of miles 
 of such transportation furnished annually, and the cost for each year 
 since 1876: 
 
 Year. 
 
 Annual 
 niiles of 
 transpor- 
 tation. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 
 57, 956, 303 
 61, 435, 682 
 691248, 339 
 76, 070, 9S*5 
 79, 557, 296 
 76, 924, 867 
 
 $5, 663, 970 
 
 5. 714, 943 
 
 6. 401, 83U 
 
 7. 321. 499 
 6, 957, 355 
 5, 553, 849 
 
 The estimates for 1884 promise financial results still more flattering 
 than those realized during the last fiscal year. Those estimates are as 
 follows : 
 
 ESTBIATES FOR 1884. 
 
 Ordinary revenues $50,233,927 78 
 
 From money orders (net revenue) 436, 528 49 
 
 Total estimated revenue 50,670,450 27 
 
 Total expenditures estimated 40, 741, 111 25 
 
 £8tiinat«d excess of revenue 3,929,345 02
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENTilRAL. 801 
 
 111 the appendix to this report, ou pages 7-16, will be found the esti- 
 mates submitted by the First Assistant Postmaster-General of the 
 ajjpropriations requiied for the use of liis oflice for the next fiscal year, 
 together witli his explanation of the same. 
 
 The estimate for the 
 
 co>rPE^-SATIO^• of post^iasters 
 
 is largely in. excess of the sum appropriated or asked for the same pur- 
 pose during the current year. The reason assigned ft)r that is that the 
 sum approi)riated for the current year is wholly inadetpiatc. That is 
 obvious. The sum was not equal to the compensation of postmasters 
 for %]^e past year. Of course it is yet more unequal to the i>ay of the 
 postmasters for the current year, and still more inadfMiuato to their pay 
 for the next year. 
 
 Another reason quite as cogent maybe stated: Whatever maybe 
 the sum put iu.to the annual appropriation bills for the pay of i)0straa6t- 
 ers, the fact remains that under existing laws that exjxMiditiU'o is not 
 restricted by such bills. The pay of postmasters is limited, not by ap- 
 propriiation bills, but by fixed statutes; and to the extent of their legal 
 compensation, the gross revenues of the postal service are not only ap- 
 propriated but hypothecated to their payment. 
 
 Appropriations are necessary to get money out of the Treasury, but 
 the salaries of postmasters never get into the Treasury. Postmasters 
 collect the postal revenues, and they are authorize*! by law to deduct 
 from the moneys in their hands their legal compensation. They account 
 to the Treasury for the excess only. If not a dollar is a impropriated in 
 the annual bill, postmasters will receive their salaries all the same. 
 
 It seems hardly iiracticable, therefore, to effect much in the int-erest 
 of economy by appropriating 88,000,000 to pay postmasters, while we 
 place $10,000,000 in their hands out of which they may help themselves 
 to the full extent of their legal dues. 
 
 From the report of the First xVssistant Postmaster-General the fol- 
 lowing statistics are gleaned, which aiford a partial view of the work 
 performed under the direction of that otlicer: 
 
 POST-OFFICES ESTABLISHED AND POSTMASTERS APPOINTED. 
 
 Number of post-otliccacstablishoJ during tho year .^, ICfi 
 
 Number diHCuutiuued 1,447 
 
 Increase 1.71'J 
 
 Number in opfnitiou Juno 30, liSl , 44, .'.I'J 
 
 Nuinbfrin np<:-ratii)D June 30. 18?3 40, -jai 
 
 Nmnber tilled under appointniont bytho rrosidont 1, B.'il 
 
 Number filled under appointment bj- tho Pof<tnuinter General 44, 'X) 
 
 Appointments were made during the year — 
 
 Ou resignationH and commiHsiona expired 7, 346 
 
 On lemovnls l,02t 
 
 On e.linnjjes of mimes and Kite.'* ;H0 
 
 On dcaflio of po.stnia.<*terH ?; 4«H 
 
 On establishment of new post-offlce."* 3. ICO 
 
 Total appointment* 12. 34.1 
 
 Number of caaos acted upon during tho year woa It, ^40 
 
 51 Ab
 
 802 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 EMPLGYJ^S IN THE POSTAL SERVICE. 
 
 The following table shows the number of employes in the Post-Office 
 Department; also the number of postmasters, contractors, clerks in post- 
 offices, railway post-office clerks, route-agents, and other officers in the 
 service June 30, 1881, and June 30, 1882 : 
 
 Pfflcers and employes. 
 
 June 30, I Juue 30, 
 1881. ! 1882 
 
 DEPAETMENTAL OFFICERS AND EMPLOYES. 
 
 Postmaster-General •— 
 
 Assistant Postmasters-General 
 
 Superintendent of money-order system 
 
 Superintendent of foreign mails 
 
 Superintendent of railway adjustment 
 
 Chief clerk of the Postmaster-General 
 
 Chiefs of divisions 
 
 Toposixapher for PostOflBce Department 
 
 Disbursing officer and superintendent of building 
 
 Law clerk 
 
 Stenographer 
 
 Appointment clerk 
 
 Superintendent of blank agency 
 
 Chief clerks of bureaus 
 
 Clerks, messengers, ■watchmen, &c 
 
 t 
 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 5 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 5 
 472 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 5 
 498 
 
 P0B1MASTEES AND OTHER OFFICERS AND AGENTS. 
 
 Postmasters.... ~.^ — »»-. 
 
 Contractors 
 
 Clerks in post-offices.. 
 
 Letter-carriers 
 
 Kailway post-office clerks 
 
 Houte-agentB 
 
 Mail-route messengers 
 
 Local agents 
 
 Post-office inspectors and railway-mail-service superintendents. 
 
 496 
 
 521 
 
 44, 512 
 
 46, 201 
 
 5,156 
 
 5, 1.^)6 
 
 5,200 
 
 7,100 
 
 2, 861 
 
 3,115 
 
 1,293 
 
 1,517 
 
 1,386 
 
 1, .557 
 
 322 
 
 3:!4 
 
 176 
 
 162 
 
 77 
 
 84 
 
 61, 479 
 
 65,777 
 
 THE FREE-DELIVERY SYSTEM. 
 
 This system was in operation during the year in 112 of the principal 
 cities of the country, and employed 3,115 carriers. The regular appro- 
 X)riation for this service was $2,600,000 ; to which was added, by special 
 appropriation, $25,000 to meet an anticipated deficiencj"; making a total 
 appropriation of $2,625,000, an increase of $125,000 over that of the 
 previous year. The total cost of the service was $2,623,262.71, leaving 
 an unexpended balance of $1,737.26. The increase of the cost of the 
 service over that of the preceding year was $123,351.20. This was 
 owing principally to the appointment of additional carriers in cities 
 where the service was already in operation, only three new cities having 
 been added to the list during the year, viz, Augusta, Me.; Burlington, 
 Yt., and Concord, N. H. 
 
 POSTAGE ON LOCAL MATTER. 
 
 The i^ostage on local matter at the several free-delivery offices 
 amounted to $3,816,576.09 ; an increase over that of the preceding year 
 of $512,945.70; and also over the total cost of the service of $1,193,316.15. 
 This increase in postage on local matter was 16.50 per cent., while the 
 increase in the cost of service was 4.93 per cent
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 803 
 
 The average cost per piece for handling matter wa« 2.3 mills, a de- 
 crease of 0,1 mill as compared with last year. The average cost per 
 carrier was $835.75, a decrease of $37.79. 
 
 This decrease was owing to the appointment of additional carriers 
 (auxiliaries) at $400 i)er annum, the approi)nation being insuflicieut to 
 employ carriers at a higher salary. 
 
 •^!7f7''^?a'c result of free-delivery aervic* for ihejitcal year ended June 30, 18W2. 
 
 Statistics of free delivery. 
 
 Number of olfices ...«. 
 
 Niinilter of oMrriers 
 
 Mail letters tlelivered 
 
 Mail postal-caids delivered 
 
 Local lettei'H di'livcied 
 
 Local poMtal-caid.s di/Hvered 
 
 Kegisleri'd letters delivered 
 
 Newspapers, A: c. , delivered 
 
 Letters collected 
 
 Postal-cards collected 
 
 Ne wsjiapers collected 
 
 "Whole number of pieces handled 
 
 Pieces bandied per caiTier 
 
 Total cost of service, including pay of post-office inspectors. . 
 
 Average cost per piece in mills 
 
 Average cost per carrier' 
 
 Amount of postage on local matter 
 
 Excess of postageou local matter over the total cost of service. 
 
 lotal. 
 
 112 
 
 3,115 
 
 20g, 260, 730 
 
 71,481,742 
 
 00,002,317 
 
 50,92:{,72i 
 
 2, 552. 894 
 
 160, 7'M, 700 
 
 ;fOt<, 352, 819 
 
 99,421,132 
 
 61, 722, 814 
 
 1,143, 51 >!, 887 
 
 387, 4.55 
 
 |2, 623, 202. 74 
 
 2.3 
 
 $835. 75 
 
 $3, 816, 570. 09 
 
 $1, 193, 313. 35 
 
 Increase 
 
 over 
 last year. 
 
 3 
 
 254 
 
 35, 841. 071 
 
 11,. 513. 183 
 
 13, 269, 109 
 
 7, 025, 506 
 
 420, 585 
 
 14,377,5'.t2 
 
 23, 592, 874 
 
 13, 628. 007 
 
 7, 047. 338 
 
 127,321.325 
 
 11.519 
 
 $123,351.20 
 
 10. I 
 
 f$37.79 
 
 :$542. 945. 70 
 
 $419,594.50 
 
 P«re«at. 
 
 of 
 increase. 
 
 2.79 
 
 8.83 
 
 13.60 
 
 19. 20 
 
 17.28 
 
 16.04 
 
 20.06 
 
 9.82 
 
 8.28 
 
 15.88 
 
 14.14 
 
 1-2.53 
 
 3.33 
 
 4.93 
 
 to. 4 
 
 f4. 3-J 
 
 {16.58 
 
 54. 23 
 
 * Based on the aggregate ($2, 617, 574.. 56) paid carriers, includinj; incidental expenses at the several 
 offices, less $5,688.18 paid post-ottice inspectors, 
 t Decrease. 
 ; Increase. 
 
 [For detailed statement of the operations of the service during the 
 year, see table C, page 42.] 
 
 BIENNIAX ADJUSTMENT OF SALARIES OF P0ST31ASTERS. 
 
 During this year the regular biennial adjustment of 2,012 presidential 
 postinaster.s' salaries was made; an increase cfH 218, or It per cent., aa 
 couipared with the previous adjustment. 
 
 The returns, coming from all parts of the Uuii)n, show a very gratify- 
 ing and grneral increase of business; and the sum necessary to pay the 
 increased .salaries of postmasters, including 335 special adjustments, 
 amounts to $503,400, or 18.14 per cent, more than last year. 
 
 BOX RENTS. 
 
 A system of recording the number of boxes rented at the first and 
 second class offices has been inaugurated since the beginning of the 
 present fiscal year. Heretofore the matter of renting boxes has been 
 treated by postmasters with less importance than in my judgment it de- 
 serves. Under the present system, furnishing a receipt to each person 
 who rents a box, a duplicate of which is kept by the postmaster as a 
 stub in the book supplied for that purjiose, a better service has been 
 secured in this branch of the postal business.
 
 804 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 LEASES. 
 
 Special attention of late having been given to securing suitable ac- 
 commodations for the post-offices whose class entitles them to proper 
 consideration, it is gratifying to state that, at many offices where the 
 business has heretofore been conducted in buildings unsuitable, by rea- 
 son of defective facilities, improper location, &c., suitiablo premises now 
 have been sCcured, under leases, including in many instances complete 
 outfits of boxes, furniture, fixtures, &c., at what are regarded as reason- 
 able rentals. 
 
 ADDITIONAL FACILITIES FOR FOURTH-CLASS POST-OFFICES. 
 
 Provision having been made by Congress for supplying all post- 
 offices, the gross receipts of which are less than fifty dollars per annum, 
 with letter-balances, marking-stamps, ink, and pads, it is expected that 
 more than 7,000 offices will be thus supplied during the presect fiscal 
 year ; thereby enabling the postmasters at these offices to make up and 
 dispatch mails with more accuracy and a gTeater saving to the gov- 
 ernment in the matter of cancellation of stamps. 
 
 I quite concur in the recommendation of the First Assistant Post- 
 master-General for the reformation and augmentation of that division 
 of the service known as the Blank Agency. 
 
 REORGANIZATION OF THE BUREAU OF THE FIRST ASSISTANT POST 
 
 MASTER- GENERAL. 
 
 Still more cordially do I recommend the suggestions of that officer 
 as to the general reorganization of his office. Briefly stated, his argu- 
 ment is, that whenever a given amount of work is to be done it is wiser 
 to employ the requisite force, place it under the control of one man, 
 and hold him singly responsible for doing the work, than to divide the 
 responsibility equally among the individual members of the corps. 
 
 The soundness of that argument is approved by reason ; it is at- 
 tested by the general practice of the government, and by the uniform 
 observance of all great private enterprises. 
 
 PURCHASE OF STATIONERY. 
 
 I do not doubt that a substantial saving of expenditure would follow 
 the adoption of the First Assistant Postmaster-General's suggestion, 
 that all stationery to be used in first and second class offices should be 
 j)urchased by his office and issued upon requisition, instead of being 
 purchased as now by the several postmasters, and having their pur- 
 chases audited in his office. Stationery required for the money-order 
 business is now, in fact, purchased by the superintendent of that serv- 
 ice, and issued to the several postmasters. It does not seem quite logi- 
 cal to employ two different methods for supi^lying the same office with 
 a single article.
 
 REPORT OP THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 805 
 
 SALARIES OF AIO) ALLOWANCES TO POSTilASTEES. 
 
 The very able report of the First Assistant Postmaster-Geuera4 calls 
 attention to the great difficulty experienced in adjusting salaries to 
 postmasters of the first three classes, and in making allowances for 
 ofiBce expenses to those of the first two classes. 
 
 He does not exaggerate those ditiiculties. It may well be doubted if 
 he could exaggerate them. It would be easy to frame a law more un- 
 just than that under which the salaries of postmasters are now settled, 
 but it is quite unnecessary to do so — the existing law is sufficiently 
 unjust.. But necessity herself, though admitted to be the mother of 
 invention, could not invent a more cumbrous or complex method of 
 adjusting salaries. Postniasfiers at the smallest offices are paid alike. 
 Their pay is apportioned in part upon the revenues of their offices, and 
 in part according to the labor performed in them. So far as revenue is 
 derived from the rent of boxes, postmasters take the whole. So far as 
 it is derived from the sale of "waste paper, dead newspapers, printed 
 matter, and twine," they receive GO per cent. So far as it is derived 
 from the sale of money orders, they receive one-third. So far as it is 
 derived from the sale of stamps, envelopes, and postal cards, they re- 
 ceive nothing. They may sell tliousands in value, but they get no 
 share of the proceeds. If, however, they cancel a stamp on matter 
 mailed at their offices, no matter where the stamp is sold, they get CO 
 per cent, of its value. If they pay a money order they receive a quarter 
 of one per cent, of its amount. 
 
 This rule is sufficiently cumbrous, but sufficiently equal. Postmas- 
 ters continue to be so paid until their sales aud cancellations, exclusive of 
 money orders, reach $400 per year. At that point a new rule is intro- 
 duced. They still get the whole of the box rents, they still get the 
 same commission on the sale and payment of money orders; but, upon 
 the proceeds from the sale of waste paper, dead newsi)apers, printed 
 matter, and" twine, and upon the cancell.ationof stamps, they get 50 per 
 cent, instead of 00, on the excess over 8 iOO. 
 
 This new rule controls until such sales and cancellations, exclusive of 
 money orders, reach $l,liOO a year. Then a new rule obtains. It is 
 difficult to see why, but thereafter, on the surplus received from the 
 sales of waste i)ai)cr, dead newspapers, i)rintcd matter, and twine, the 
 postmaster receives not GO i)er cent., nor 50 per cent., but 40 per cent., 
 and the same percentage on the value of stamps canceled. 
 
 When, however, the box rents and these various commissions, ex- 
 clusive of the money-order business, shall aggregate 81,000, the office is 
 advanced from the fourth to the third class. Then there is a new and 
 most curious rule for compensation. Then the jjostmaster receives a 
 salary in lieu of the box rents and commissions before assigned to him. 
 
 To determine the amount of the salary in a given case, a fund is set 
 apart. That fund is composed of all the box rents, if the postmaster 
 owns the boxes aud the rents do not exceed $1,350 per annum. ^ It is
 
 806 REPORT OP THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 com loosed of two-thirds of the box rents, if the government owns tlie 
 boxe^ and the rents do not exceed $1,000. To tliose sums, respectively, 
 is added conunissious on all other postal revenues of the oflice in <lif- 
 ferent proportions, to wit, GO per cent, on the first $400, 50 per cent, on 
 the next $800, 40 per cent, on the next $1,600, and 30 per cent, on the 
 excess until the commissions amount to $1,350. 
 
 That sum, so curiously comi^ounded, docs not constitute the salary of 
 the postmaster, but out of it is dipped, so to speak, as many even 
 hundreds of dollars as can be found. That is the salary for all post- 
 masters, unless the gross revenues exceed $4,000 per annum. When the 
 revenues exceed $4,000, the postmaster receives a percentage on the ex- 
 cess. That percentage constantly varies. It is one per cent, on all 
 sums between $4,000 and $10,000. So often as the revenues double, 
 the percentage is reduced one-tenth of 1 per cent, until the revenues 
 reach the aggregate of $1,200,000. On all revenues above that maxi- 
 mum the postmaster receives one-tenth of 1 per cent. ; and still, when 
 a salary reaches $4,000, all these streams are turned off, except in the 
 single case of the office at New York. There they continue to flow until 
 the salary is swollen to $8,000. 
 
 But these minute differences in the rate of compensation, which per- 
 vade all classes and distinguish one office from another in each class, 
 are all dwarfed by that broad and fundamental difference which dis- 
 tinguishes the two highest from the two lowest classes. 
 
 The comi)ensation of a postmaster in the third and fourth class is the 
 equivalent allowed by law for administering his office. Every post- 
 master receiving less than $2,000 per annum finds his own office, fur- 
 nishes, warms, and lights it, does his own work, and buys his own 
 stationery. But the moment his salary reaches $2,000 the whole con- 
 dition is changed. Then the office may be and usually is provided by the 
 government; is furnished, warmed, and lighted by the government. His 
 stationery and his clerks are paid for by the government., Ii^ possible, if 
 not in actual cases, the salary is a mere sinecure, for which no service is 
 rendered beyond signing official papers. Provision for these expenses, 
 as is well known, is made by annual appropriations. The sums appro- 
 priated to these uses for the current year are as follows : 
 
 Clerks in po8t-ofl5c6s ^.. .^.. $4,385,000 
 
 Kent, fael, and light 450, 000 
 
 Office fumlture „ .„, 20,000 
 
 Stationery 55,000 
 
 These large sums are distributed among the different post-office§ en- 
 titled thereto, by a series of orders, allotting so much to one and so 
 much to another. In theory these orders are made by the First Assist- 
 ant Postmaster General; in practice they are made by a fourth-class 
 clerk in the office of the First Assistant. No matter by whom made, 
 this distribution will not be well made. Finite intelligence could not 
 make a wise and just allotment of such a fund; infinite intelligence 
 cannot be obtained for fourth-class clerks.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 807 
 
 Postmasters are eager for large allowances. The most importunate 
 are apt to be best served. They ask earliest and ofteiiest. They em- 
 ploy every kind of entreaty, and oft'er every sort of iutlueuce, personal 
 and political. The clerk must act upon such a case as the postmaster 
 presents. He has no means of rebutting it. It is not surprising, 
 therefore, thay-herecentinvestigation by the First Assistant Postmaster- 
 General resulted in a reduction at eight otiices, amounting in the aggre- 
 gate to $54,530. It is not to be doubted that a broader inquiry would 
 result in still larger reductions. 
 
 The following table will servo to illustrate some of the inequalities 
 in suck allowances : 
 
 List ofeighfeen of the principal poiit-ofjlces, showitifj the revenue, salary, and allowances, and 
 the relative cost of the postal service thereat. 
 
 omce. 
 
 Denver, Colo ,... 
 
 Leailville, Colo 
 
 Grtlveston, Tex 
 
 I£nuston, Tex 
 
 Saint Louie, Mo 
 
 Eansn.s City, Mo 
 
 Minneapolis. Minn ..... 
 
 Saint Paul, Minn 
 
 I'eori.i, 111 
 
 Quinry, lU 
 
 >'all Kiver, Masa 
 
 Lowell, Mass 
 
 Broolilyn. N. T 
 
 Buffalo. N.Y 
 
 AtlanUt, Ga 
 
 Savannah, Ga 
 
 Boston, Alass ,.,. 
 
 Pbiladelpbia, Pa 
 
 Average per cent. 
 
 $3,200 
 
 2, 700 
 3,000 
 3,000 
 4,000 
 3,300 
 3.100 
 3,200 
 3,000 
 3,000 
 3,000 
 3,000 
 4,000 
 3,700 
 
 3, 000 
 3,000 
 4,000 
 4,000 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 $2,500 
 2,000 
 (*) 
 900 
 768 
 3,000 
 3 600 
 (*) 
 
 1,500 
 1,800 
 (•) 
 
 2.000 
 7.300 
 
 2,000 
 
 (H 
 
 $270 
 
 500 
 
 (*) 
 
 75 
 
 90 
 
 425 
 
 C) 
 
 (') 
 
 270 
 
 113 
 
 (*) 
 
 72 
 
 270 
 
 (*) 
 
 $315 
 500 
 (*) 
 400 
 157 
 148 
 C) 
 (*) 
 300 
 200 
 (*) 
 198 
 1,103 
 
 (*) 
 392 
 C'j8 12,016 
 229 436 
 
 $21, 124 
 
 17. 700 
 
 11,500 
 
 9,100 
 
 144.200 
 
 21. 400 
 
 18. 244 
 
 20, 000 
 
 0.500 
 
 5,500 
 
 4,000 
 
 5.700 
 
 50. 9C4 
 
 30. 500 
 
 12, 300 
 
 9,600 
 
 258, .V>0 
 
 241, 735 
 
 $237 10 
 
 122 30 
 
 IK 55 
 
 79 80 
 
 2, 001 60 
 
 312 06 
 
 354 95 
 
 168 47 
 
 219 65 
 
 63 65 
 
 48 00 
 
 724 93 
 298 21 
 3.'3 15 
 203 33 
 5, 109 39 
 3.549 90 
 
 $708 65 
 
 130 25 
 
 lf(7 40 
 
 la'. 01 
 
 1,510 70 
 
 746 39 
 
 CS4 47 
 
 89 17 
 
 92 30 
 
 124 60 
 
 50 25 
 
 1,336 69 
 
 2.V) 96 
 
 (i9 28 
 
 274 00 
 
 7, 4aO 19 
 
 5, 909 37 
 
 So . 
 Ceo 
 
 o 
 
 $137, 4<<9 
 
 4"., USA 
 
 T.'.. 092 
 
 41.G(H 
 
 7.'^. 013 
 
 162, 503 
 
 11}<,728 
 
 1S9, 120 
 
 05,937 
 
 40, 491 
 
 29,440 
 
 &(,045 
 
 279, 489 
 
 260, 898 
 
 92. 024 
 
 63,905 
 
 1,371,419 
 
 1, 450, 145 
 
 -«i: 
 
 el's 
 
 g h U 
 
 ],';.4— 
 
 26.2— 
 1"..3— 
 2L7— 
 19. 2— 
 13.2— 
 1.1. 4— 
 14.4— 
 
 lo.o- 
 
 13.6— 
 13. C— 
 9.0— 
 18 2— 
 11.6— 
 13.3— 
 l.S.O— 
 19.9— 
 16.0— 
 
 15.59 
 
 'Govemuiunt building. |IIeating included. 
 
 In that list of eiglitccu offices the expenditure for clerk hire varie.'^ 
 from 9 to 2G.2 per cent, of the gross revenues. There is a dillerence of 
 3.0 per cent, between two offices in Illinois, of 4.0 per cent, between 
 two in iMassachusetts, of G percent, between two in Missouri, of (5.4 ]wv 
 cent, between two in Texas, of G.G per cent, between two in Xt-w York, 
 and of 10.8 per cent, between two offices in Colorado. 
 
 If the office at Bo.ston could be administered by the expenditure ot" 
 the same i)ercentage of gross revenues for clerk hire which is sjjent at 
 Philadelphia, it would effect a saving of $45,250.82 at that office. If both 
 offices could be administered for the average expenditure made .it the 
 whole eighteen, the saving wouhl l)o nearly $7.'J,50(), Jf the whole 
 eighteen offices coulil be ailministered by the expenditure of 1) per cent, 
 of the gross revenue for clerks, which is the cost at Lowell, the saving 
 ■would be very great.
 
 808 RErORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 t cannot lielp thinking it wholly practicable greatly to simplify and 
 equalize these disbursements. In the first place, I do not think an 
 allowance for office rent should be made ta*the postmaster in any case. 
 Such an allowance holds out a double temptation to tlie postmaster : 
 He is tempted to get large allowances from the department, and to 
 supply cheap accommodations to the i)ublic. 
 
 It will be my purpose to rent, as early as practicable, every building 
 required for first and second class offices which the government does 
 not own. There are now 587 offices belonging to those two classes. 
 Eighty-eight belong to the government; 269 are leased to the gov- 
 ernment ; and 230 are supplied by postmasters, who are in turn com- 
 pensated by allowances. 
 
 "Wherever the department rents an office, it will be its fault if a suit- 
 able one is not provided, and its fault also if the terms are not as favor- 
 able as the place will afford. 
 
 Secondly, I think every post-office that is rented by the department 
 should have a suitable equipment of boxes and drawers supplied, not 
 by the postmaster, but by the department or the lessor of the building. 
 
 Of 499 buildings now rented, only 149 are equipped with boxes by 
 the department. The charge to patrons for the use of boxes should be 
 reasonable, and should be uniform. At present they are neither. These 
 reforms can be effected without the aid of further legislation. I venture 
 to suggest, however, some reforms much needed, and which, if approved^ 
 will require ah amendment of existing laws. 
 
 The partnershii) now existing between the government and the post- 
 master in the use of letter-boxes should be dissolved. Whenever the 
 government owns the boxes, or hires them with the building, the whole 
 of the rental paid by patrons, and not two-thirds of it, belongs to the 
 revenues of the department as much as the postage does. Where, on 
 the contrary, the postmaster supplies the boxes and the government 
 does not, the latter should no more share in the proceeds from their rent 
 than in the rent of any other property belonging to the officer. In all 
 cases, therefore, in adjusting the pay of postmasters, I think box rents 
 should be wholly eliminated from the calculation; and I am strongly in- 
 clined to the opinion that the whole system of regulating the compensa- 
 tion of postmasters should be radically changed. I know of but two 
 reasons for paying postmasters at all: One is, he incurs responsibility; 
 and the other, he performs labor. Both the responsibility and the labor 
 are accurately measured by the business transacted at the se^'eral offices. 
 The business transacted at each office is measured with sufficient accu- 
 racy by its revenues. The two marked, exceptions to this rule are the 
 offices at New York and at Washington. The former office should be ex- 
 cepted because of the large amount of foreign mail handled at that 
 office. 
 
 The whole number of foreign letters estimated to be received in a single 
 year at Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Key West, IS ew Orleans, New York, 
 Philadelphia, and San Francisco was 15,809,021. The number of foreign
 
 REPORT OP THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL, 809 
 
 postal cards was 177,245. The whole number of other arricles received 
 from foreign countries, 14,346,748. Of these aggregates, 13,074,102 
 letters, 130,100 postal cards, and 12,892,218 other articles were treated 
 in the office at New York. 
 
 The office at Washington should be excepted, because of the large 
 percentage of matter handled there emanating from Congress or from 
 the departments, and which yiehls no revenue to the office. It is esti- 
 mated that not less than 70 per cent, of all the matter mailed at that 
 office emanates from those two sources. 
 
 For those two offices special provision must probably be made. But, 
 with the exception of those two offices, it may well be doubted if there 
 Ls another postmaster in the United Stiites holding a lirst or second 
 class office who would not be glad to administer it, furnishing liis own 
 help, fuel, light, and stationery, for a sum considerably less than the 
 allowances now made for all those purposes added to his salary. If it 
 is worth 60 per cent, to collect the tirst $400 of postal revenue at a given 
 office, I do not see why it is not worth the same percentage to collect 
 the second, or any subsequent sum equal in amount. On the contrary, 
 if 8400 can be collected at a cost of 30 per cent, after .x2,(»00 hav*- been 
 collected at the same office, I do not see why a larger percentage 
 should be paid for collecting the first '^2,000. 
 
 If there are offices from which the revenues are so small, that iio citi- 
 zen will be troubled with its duties for a share of its commissions, it 
 may be expedient to release the whole revenue to the postmaster up to 
 a given point; but when that point is reached and the proper retainer 
 is i)aid and commissions commence, it seems to me that one rate of com- 
 missions should be paid to all postmasters who find tlieir own offices. 
 Another and smaller rate should be i)aid to such as occui)y offices rented 
 by the government, but are warmed and lighted by the i)ostmasters; 
 while another and somewhat smaller rate still should be paid to i>ost- 
 masters who occupy public buildings warmed and lighted by the gov- 
 eniment, with special provisions made for the offices at New York and 
 Washington. 
 
 AVhat these several commissions should be could not be safely deter- 
 mined until after a thorough inquiry, prosecuted by a Judicious commit- 
 tee, under legislative authority. Onee ascertained, I believe many 
 thousands of officeholders, including postmasters and clerks, would be 
 transmuted into laborers. Clerks would be selected more with reference 
 to what they could do bebin»l the cases and Icsss for what they had done 
 at the hustings. Post-offices would more resemble workshops and less 
 almshouses. They would be administered with less cost to the govern- 
 ment and more protit to the incumbent. 
 
 Such an inquiry I earnestly commend to the consideration of Congress 
 
 JAR TRA>SPORTATIOi.'. 
 
 The report of the Second Assistant Postnuistfer-General gives a clear 
 and comprehensive exhibit of the management of the star service for
 
 810 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 the fiscal year just closed. It will bo noticed tliat tlie broad purpose of 
 providing adequate i)Ostal facilities for all communities, witliout regard 
 to geographical location, is made the first and leading consideration in 
 the arrangement of the service ; and to secure that result without an 
 improvident expenditure of means is the second consideration. 
 
 The department is clothed with the widest discretion in regard to the 
 amount of service to be performed on star routes. To provide all needed 
 postal facilities, and at the same time to guard against unnecessary ex- 
 l)enditure, is a most difficult duty, and one that calls for the exercise 
 of unusual care and patient inquiry. The results given in the report 
 aiford gratifying evidence that during the last fiscal year that delicate 
 duty has been very satisfactorily discharged. 
 
 The aggregate length of all star routes on the 30th of June, 1882, was 
 227,621 miles, showing a decrease during the year of 3,G78 miles. The 
 aggregate transportation during the year was 76,924,867 miles, being a 
 decrease of 2,632,429 miles. The annual cost was $5,553,849, being a 
 decrease of $1,403,506. 
 
 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 The expansion of the railroad system has been greater during the 
 past year than ever before in any one year. Important connections 
 have been made with California and Mexico. 
 
 The aggregate cost of the service is largely increased each year. 
 Such must continue to be the case so long as the rapid expansion of the 
 service shall continue. 
 
 The steady growth of this expenditure has provoked much discus- 
 sion for some time past concerning the rates of pay for carrying the 
 niaOs on railroads. The subject is most important ; and the suggestions 
 of the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, that additional safeguards 
 be thrown around the large annual disbursement for railroad services, 
 and that any change in the laws governing the rate of i^ay should be 
 made upon ascertained facts, rather than upon opinion, are recom- 
 mended to the especial notice of Congress. 
 
 The aggregate length of all railways over which mails were trans- 
 ported at the close of the last fiscal year was 100,563 miles, showing an 
 increase during the year of 8,994 miles. The aggregate transportation 
 over such roads during the year was 113,995,318 miles, being an increase 
 of 10,474,089 miles. The cost for the year was $12,753,184, being an 
 increase of $1,139,816. 
 
 Without entering into the transactions of the contract office in detail, 
 an intelligent understanding of its conduct of affairs in the aggregate 
 may be gathered from the fact that the approi3riation for all items in- 
 cident to inland transportation for 1883 is 820,067,000, while the esti- 
 mate for the same items for 1884 is $25,494,120. 
 
 It will thus be seen that the entire transportation service, notwith- 
 standing its rapid growth, will be conducted for the next fiscal year for 
 $572,880 less than the appropriation for the current year.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 811 
 
 EATLWAY MAIL SERVICE. 
 
 The report of the General Superintendent of the railway mail service 
 is an interesting exhibit of the magnitude to which that branch of the 
 service has attained. 
 
 On the 30th of June, 1882, the railway post-oflices numbered 769. 
 They occupied 342 whole cars and 1,402 apartments in cars. These cars 
 ran over roads whose aggregated length was 87,805 miles, and the serv- 
 ice performed during the year amounted to 75,741,438 miles. 
 
 In tlie administration of this service 3,570 postal clerks were employed, 
 with salaries aggregating $3,480,779, which is an average annual salary 
 for each clerk of $970.08. The average number of miles traversed by 
 the clerks during the year was 38,504. This is a fraction less than two 
 cents and six mills per mile. 
 
 Comparing these figures with those of the Second Assistant Post- 
 master-General, it appears there were at the close of the year 12,098 
 miles of railway which were not post-office lines, and that 38,253,880 
 miles of service was performed during the year with express mails and 
 closed pouches. 
 
 During the year there were handled by the railway postal clerks 
 2,155,213,880 letters and postal cards, 1,278,176,030 pieces of other mail 
 matter, being a total of 3,433,390,480 pieces, besides 14,234,310 regis- 
 tered packages, and 570,483 through registered pouches. 
 
 This shows an increase over the work of 1881 of 351,239,100 letters, 
 228,880,250 pieces of other mail matter, and 2,770,028 registered pack- 
 ages and pouches. But, while the work performed during the the last 
 fiscal year was greatly in excess of the work of the previous year, the 
 salaries paid to the clerks averaged $1.85 less during 1882 than for the 
 year 1881. 
 
 In handling this immense number of pieces 902,489 errors were com- 
 mitted, or one error for every 3,805 pieces handled. During the previous 
 year one error was committed in every 3,024 pieces handk^d. In 1880 
 one error was committed in every 3,482, and during 1879 one in every 
 3,409. During the past year 405,700 errors were checked against post- 
 masters, as against 454,349 errors in 1881. 
 
 These figures show that. While the administration of the postal service 
 is not yet perfect, there is a constant improvement in the ellicicncy, both 
 of postmasters and of postal clerks ; and, considering that postal clerks 
 perform their work on cars while in rapid motion, that they must them- 
 selves work with great celerity, and yet make but one error in every 
 3,805 pieces handled, it is believed that for accuracy this corps may 
 safely challenge comparison with any other service in tliis country or 
 elsewhere. 
 
 During the ])ast fiscal year 1,027 postal clerks were appointed upon six 
 months' probation. Of that number 208 failed to pass examination, and 
 were dropped from the rolls at the end of the i)robationary term. Dur- 
 ing the same year there were 83 casuidties, in which three postal clerks 
 lost their lives; 10 were sesiously and 20 were slightly wounded.
 
 812 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 I concur in tlie recommendation of tlie General Sui)erintendent, that 
 the Postmaster-General be authorized by law to pay out of the appro- 
 priation for postal clerks, to the widows or guardians of minor children 
 of such clerks as may be killed while on duty, a sum equal to two years' 
 salary of the grade held at the time of the death; and that postal clerks 
 temporarily disabled while on duty be continued on leave with full pay 
 until recovery, not to exceed one year. Such payments, probably, will 
 involve no increased appropriations, as the deductions from pay for 
 failure to perform service and for absence without leave weuld amount 
 to enough every year to meet these requirements. 
 
 Attention is also invited to the recommendation of the superintend- 
 ent, that a portion of the appropriation for the transportation of mails 
 by railroad may be applied to the purchase of machinery, &c., for print- 
 ii»g facing-slips. 
 
 The conclusion of the superintendent's report deserves the serious 
 consideration of Congress. It is as follows : 
 
 It shoulfl not be forgotten -that Imt for the fact that during tlie past twenty- t\vo 
 years the tenure of office of all postal" clerks lias been, by the general practice of tlio 
 Department, permanent during good behaviour, the service could never have attained 
 its present state of efficiency. 80 long, however, as this general practice remains un- 
 sanctioned by positive law compelling it, there is still sufficient uncertainty about 
 the tenure of office to interfere with tliat entire and perfect confidence that merit and 
 efficiency are certain of reward, if not by immediate promotion, at least by retention 
 in the service, which is necessary to inspire men to devote themselves enthusiastically 
 to the work in which they are engaged. 
 
 Were the tenure of office absolutely secure, young men entering the service would 
 devote themselves to it as a life profession, ha^-ing before their eyes the hope of event- 
 ually rising to ihe position of superintendent, just as the present superiuteudeuts 
 have risen step by step from the lowest grade in the service. 
 
 That there is a special reason why the railway postal service should be protected 
 by the legislation herein recommended has been recognized for many years by the 
 practice of the Department, but there never was a time before when the puplic in- 
 terests would so greatly suffer by the inauguration of a policy which should lead the 
 railway postal clerks to believe that, in any instance or under any circumstances, a 
 good record for the faithful and efficient discharge of their duties would not be suffi- 
 cient to secure their retention in office during continued good behaviour, because 
 never before has the railway postal service been conducted by men who have made it 
 the sole business of their lives for nearly twenty years to add to its efficiency, and 
 who have learned to meet the wants of the public in postal facilities as fast as such 
 wants arise ; and never before have the postal clerks been trained by so mauy years 
 of experience and study to secure the greatest possible certainty, celeritj', and security 
 in forwarding to their destination every letter and other article of mail matter in- 
 trusted to their care. 
 
 FAST MAILS AND SPECIAL FACILITIES. 
 
 Among the estimates submitted for the office of the Second Assistant 
 Postmaster-General is an item of 8600,000, to be expended in expedit- 
 ing mails on railways. The same sum was appropriated for the same 
 purpose during the current year. 
 
 Touching these items it is proper to say that I have as yet been un- 
 able to make any arrangements for fast service out of the existing ap-
 
 REPORT OF THE I'0ST.MA8•rEK-GE^'ERAL. 813 
 
 ])ro})riatioii npon terms Avliidi seemed reasouable. Certain service which 
 I foimd ill operation is still maintained at the rate of compensatiou 
 originally agreed npon. This service includes the fast mail between 
 New York and ( 'liarleston, Sonth Carolina, New York and Sprin^rtield, 
 Mas.sachnsetts, and the i.'->r> forenoon dis])ateh from 2sew York via the 
 Unds(m Kiver and Xew York Central. A full account of this service 
 is given in the report of the General Superintendent of the Kailway 
 ]Mail Service, page 231. 
 
 By reason of explanations quite freely made by me before the appro- 
 priation was made, and by the terms of the appropriation itself, 1 felt 
 it my «luty to employ the fund in organizing a fast mail between New 
 Y'ork and San Francisco, and between New England antl New Orleans. 
 These are the two great trunk lines which feed the most branches. The 
 appropriation was found inadequates to the end contemplated. 
 
 I am not, indeed, able to say what sum would accomplish the object 
 first named. A proposition was submitted for a mail from New Y'ork 
 to Chicago; but after mature consideration, the managers of the sev- 
 eral roads operating between Chicago «and the Missouri Kiver jointly 
 declined to submit any proposition, saying : 
 
 Ou inforniation, obtained from officials of the Departiupnt, respecting the largest 
 amount of compensatiou for such service at the disposal of the Department, we arc 
 led to conclude that it is uot possible to run the train on the time and under the cou- 
 dltious imposed, without a largo deficiency of income to meet the expense of the 
 service. 
 
 I am inclined to the o[»iniou that some desirable expedition might 
 have been obtained over the lines between the Missouri and the Pacitic, 
 if the law would have permitted me to expend the fund upon those com- 
 panies. As such was uot the case, I have thought it proper to leave 
 the money in the Treasury until Congress shall designate some other 
 direction for its employment. 
 
 Besides the financial results noted in the commencement of this report, 
 the following instructive facts fire gathered from the report of the Third 
 Assistant Postmaster-General : 
 
 ISSUE OF POSTAGE STAMPS, STAMPED ENVELOPES, AND POSTAL CARDS. 
 
 The issue of postage stamps, stamped envelopes, and postal canls 
 upon requisitions during the year were as follows; 
 
 Viiiub«r. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Ordinary adliesivo HtanipH ! 1,11! '" ' " " - i 
 
 XowspajxT and pi'riodicjil stiiiiipa ! . 
 
 Spfcial H tamps for collection of postage dno I ! ■ 
 
 Vostnl cards 3 . i 
 
 Stamped envelopes, plain 11 ' 
 
 Stamped envelopes, special rcMiucst li . -.. 
 
 Xcwstjiaper wraiipers I -ll, y.-t,. h o :,.iii, -.u,'. .m) 
 
 Oliicinl jMista;:.' MlainpH ' •_', n 1 '.i, '..V. , i:i5). OTt 7.'> 
 
 OHicial staruped enveJopes and wr.ippors '-', 037, .100 i 1'9, :io«J 5ti 
 
 Aggregating ' 1,740,571,033 ' 40,978,053 42 
 
 The number of requisitions filled was 4(JJ,710.
 
 814 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 A statement of the values of stamps issued during the last fiscal year, 
 compared with the issues of the fiscal year which ended Juiie 30, 1881, 
 ■will bo found iu the appendix to this report, pages 360-367. 
 
 POSTAGE ON BECOND-CLASS MATTER. 
 
 The postage collected on second-class matter during the past year 
 amounted to $1,565,103.28. That is an increase of $166,054.64 over the 
 collections of the previous year. 
 
 Of the total amount realized from second-class matter, 27.19 per cent, 
 was collected at New York; 9.92 per cent, at Chicago; 6,16 per cent, at 
 Boston; 5.43 per cent, at Philadelphia; 4.44 per cent, at Saint Louis; 
 3.56 per cent, at Cincinnati; 3.28 per cent, at Augusta, Maine; 1.71 per 
 cent, at San Francisco; 1.45 per cent, at Detroit; 1.23 per cent, at Mil- 
 waukee; 1.22 per cent, at Louisville; 1.01 percent, at Pittsburgh ; .09 of 
 one per cent at Cleveland; .96 of one per cent, at Saint Paul; .92 of one 
 per cent, at Toledo, and .86 of one per cent, at Baltimore. The re- 
 mainder was collected at 5,064 other offices scattered throughout the 
 country. 
 
 REDUCED PRICES OP STAMPED ENVELOPES. 
 
 A new contract was made in June last for stamped envelopes. The 
 average reduction in price is nearly 7 per cent. That reduction is the 
 more gratifying, because it follows a reduction of about 20 per cent, 
 made in the last contract over the one which preceded it. Estimating 
 the number of tbe different kinds of envelopes to be issued under the 
 new contract upon the basis of the number actually issued during the 
 year which ended on the 31st of March last, the aggregate cost will be 
 $456,197.58. Five bids were received for the manufacture of such en- 
 velopes. The cost of the same number and kind under the highest 
 proposal submitted would be $476,585.40. There was thus only a little 
 more than $20,000 between the highest and the lowest offer made for a 
 contract, which will amount to something like a half million of dollars. 
 
 That fact furnishes plenary proof, both that bidders were equally well 
 informed of the services expected and that the bid accepted, while it 
 was the best offer, was not likely to subject the contractor to a loss. 
 
 DEAD LETTERS AND PARCELS. 
 
 The whole number of pieces of mail matter handled during the year, 
 including a balance of 124,731 letters on hand July 1, 1881, was 
 4,285,285. That is an increase of about 15 per cent, over the previous 
 year. Of these, 3,288,589 were unclaimed domestic letters ; 00,476 were 
 unclaimed domestic packages ; 356,287 were letters of foreign origin ; 
 954 w^ere letters for foreign countries containing unmailable articles ; 
 17,313 were foreign parcels containing print*ed matter, samples, &c., 
 returnable to the countries of origin under special postal arrangements ; 
 275,240 were held for postage ; 274,715 were misdirected, and 11,711 
 bore no suj)erscription whatever.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 815 
 
 Of the letters opened 19,989 contained money amounting to i*44,3L'r).65; 
 24,575 contained drafts, checks, money orders, &c., representing » 
 value of 81,963,413.73; 90,842 letters and parcels contained merchaudiHe; 
 52,463 contained postage-stamps; 44,731 contained receipts, paid notes, 
 &c.; 39,242 contained photographs. $7,657 were taken from dead letters 
 which could not be restored to owners ; $3,739.02 were collected upon 
 insufficiently-paid letters. The8§ two items represent the entire re- 
 venue derived from the dead-letter service. More minute details will 
 be found in the report of the Third Assistant Postmaster-General, at 
 pp. 368-373 and tables numbered 10-15. 
 
 NEW MODE OF TREATING HELD-FOR-POSTAGE MATTER. 
 
 An important change in the mode of treating held-for-postage matter 
 was inaugurated on the Ist of July under the provisions of a depart- 
 mental order dated May 11, 1882. 
 
 Formerly, first-class matter deposited in a post-office, on which less 
 than one full rate was paid, and third find fourth class matter not paid 
 in full, were sent to the Dead-Letter Office instead of to the addressees. 
 
 The new order directs the postmaster at the office of mailing, to notify 
 the addressee by card, of the existence of the letter and of the deficiency 
 in postage, to the end that, if he chooses, he may remit the postage and 
 have the letter forwarded. This new mode is, for the present, confined 
 to the free-delivery offices. 
 
 Reports have been received from 97 of those offices, showing that the 
 total numberof pieces finally treated by them diuing the (piarter ended 
 September 30 last, was 71,478, of which 59,711, or nearly 84 per cent., 
 were forwarded to the addressees. 
 
 REGISTRATION OF LETTERS AND PARCELS. 
 
 The whole number of letters and parcels forwarded by registered 
 mail during the year was 9,627,022. The amount of registry fees col- 
 lected was $841,497.90. The actual estimated losses (some cases being 
 still under investigation) were unusually few iu number, consisting of 
 726 letters or i^arccls only, or one out of every 13,202 forwarded. 
 
 POSTAL MONEY-ORDER SYSTEM. 
 
 The report of the Superintendent of the I^Ionoy-Order System is, a« 
 usual, interesting and instructive. I extract from it such facts only :»s 
 touch upon the growth of the business, and the proposed modifications in 
 that branch of the service. 
 
 The money-order offices conducting domestic operations numbered 
 5,491 at the cloSo of the last fiscal year. The orders issued by the same 
 aggregated in value $113,400,118.21. The orders paid and repaid ag- 
 gxegated $113,388,301.90. The fees received from the public ain(uint«'d 
 to $1,053,710.55. Tliat was an increase of nearly 9 per cent, over the 
 l)revious year. The gross revenue fro^tt the domestic moneyonler
 
 816 REPORT OF THE POSTIVIASTER-GENBRil.. 
 
 business was $280,341.17. That sum, together with $80,426.18 derived 
 from inteinatioual money-order business for the year which ended 
 June 30, 1881, has been paid into the Treasury for the service of the 
 Post-Office Department. After deducting therefrom all the expenses of 
 the money-onler service, which Avere paid during the year from appro- 
 priations, there remained a net profit of $165,030.25. 
 
 Allowances for clerk-hire were ma<ii[e during the year, amounting to 
 $175,548.84. These allowances were to offices where the total compensa- 
 tion of the postmaster from all sources amounted to $4,000. 
 
 At the last session of Congress a bill embodying certain modifications 
 in the mony-order system, which wore recommended by my predecessor 
 in the last annual report, and which received the approval of the Com- 
 mittee on Post-Offices and Post-Eoads, passed the House of Representa- 
 tives. It did not reach the Senate early enough to secure the considera- 
 tion of that body. 
 
 I respectfully renew the recommendation made in that report with 
 reference to a modified scale of fees for money orders, diminishing the 
 cost thereof, and of the desirabOity of conferring upon this Department 
 authority to issue, in connection with the present money order, orders 
 of a new form, to be called postal notes, for sums under $5, and at a fee 
 to the public of three cents. 
 
 FOREIGN MAILS. 
 
 From the report of the superintendent of foreig-n mails it appears 
 that the total weight of the mails dispatched to Postal Union countries, 
 Canada excepted, during the last fiscal year was 2,203,876 pounds, an 
 increase of weight of 452,353 pounds over that of the preceding year. 
 
 Of the correspondence dispatched, 42.6 per cent, of the letters and 
 44.8 of the printed matter, samples, &c., were sent to Great Britain ; 
 24.5 per cent, of the letters and 18.6 per cent, of the prints, samples, 
 &c., were sent to Germany; 24.3 per cent, of the letters and 19.3 per 
 cent, of the prints, samples, &c., were sent to other countries of Europe, 
 and 8.8 per cent, of letters and 17.3 per cent, of prints, samples, &c., 
 were sent to other union countries and colonies. 
 
 The percentage of increase over the weights of the preceding fiscal 
 year was 21J per cent, for letter mails, and 26^- per cent, for print*:, 
 iSamples, &c. 
 
 The payment for the transportation of ocean mails, under the general 
 law limiting the compensation to the sea-postages on the mails con- 
 veyed, amounted to $280,163.98, an increase of $41,014.77 over the cost 
 of the same service during the preceding year. Of this amount, 
 $233,485.34 was expended for the trans- Atlantic service, $16,537.38 for 
 the trans-Pacific service, $30,141-26 for the service to Mexico, the West 
 India Islands, Canada, Newfoundland, and countries and colonies of 
 Central and South America. The increased cost over that of the same 
 service for the fiscal year 1881 was 17.1 per cent. Compared with the
 
 REPORT OF THE P0STMA8TER-GEXERAL. 817 
 
 cost of tlie oocau transportation for the fiscal year 18S0, the increase in 
 two 3'ears was over 41 per cent. 
 
 The republics of Nicaragua and Costa Rica have been recently ad- 
 mitted to the Postal Union, and the only countries and colonies of the 
 world which have organized postal estal)lishinents, not embraced in the 
 union, are Bolivia and the British Australasian colonies. 
 
 The limits of weight and dimensions for packets of samples of mer- 
 chandise prescribed by article 5 of the Pans convention, have been ex- 
 tended by special arrangements conclude<l with Belgium and Switzer- 
 land, respectively, so as to admit such packets to circulation in the 
 mails exchanged with those (iountvies, Avhon not exceeding the weight 
 of Hi ounces, and the dimensions of Hi inches in length, 8 inches in 
 width, and 4 inches in depth. 
 
 TOPOG RArilEli'S OFFICE. 
 
 The series of postal maps already published now consists of -(>, com- 
 prising 05 sheets. 
 
 New photolithographed maps of New .Mexico and Arizona, of Oregon 
 andWashington, and oftheTerritoriesof Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, 
 and engraved plates of Virginia and AVest Virginia have been com- 
 pleted ; also a new map photolithographed of the Mississippi Iviver has 
 been produced. There arc under construction, drawings for new maps ol" 
 Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, California, and Nevada. 
 
 MAIL DEPREDATIONS. 
 
 The force employed in the division of the Chief Post-Ollice Inspector 
 has been activ(i and etUcieut during the last year, as will be seen by 
 the report of its chief. The number of cases investigated and reported 
 upon during the year are as follows : 
 
 llejistered cases 5, goo 
 
 Ordinary cases 3j, ^so 
 
 Mirtc'oUancous cases 4,678 
 
 Four hundred and ninety -six arrests were made. Of these 411 were 
 piosecuted in the courts of the United States and 55 in the courts of the 
 several States. Of the former, 193 were convicted and 18 acquitted ; 
 7 escaped, 1 forfeited bail; 40 cases were dismissed, and 182 await trial. 
 Of those prosecuted in the State courts 14 were convicted, 7 aecpiittcd, 
 li escaped, 27 await trial, and 5 cases were dismissed. 
 
 The disbursements on account of ai)i)ropriationfor])ost-ottice insi)e('t- 
 ors ami mail depredations during the fisi id year ended June 30, 1882, 
 salaries and exi)ensc allowance of i)Ostolhce inspectors, attorney's foes, 
 rewards, &v., were $100,551.25. 
 
 There are claims against this fund still unadjusted. 
 
 ft 
 
 NEW MONEY-OlJDKi; OFFirK DI^ILDING. 
 
 By the provisions of the act of iAfarch I, issi, making ai)propriations 
 for the service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending 
 52 Ab
 
 818 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 Jiine 30, 1883, the Postmaster-General was authorized " to take the nec- 
 essary steps to reut a suitable building, or buildings, for the use of the 
 Money-Order Office of the Post-OfUce Department, and of the money- 
 order division of the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Office De- 
 partment," provided, " that the annual rental of such building or build- 
 ings shall not exceed $5,000." The Postmaster-General, however, was 
 unable to rent a building of the necessary capacity for the amount of 
 money specified in that act. Wherefore, at its last session Congress 
 X^assed an act extending the limit of the appropriation for the rent of a 
 i3uilding for the money-order service to $8,000. Upon the passage of 
 this act a number of offers were made of buildings in the neighborhood 
 of the Post-Ofdce Department for the use specified ; but upon investiga- 
 tion it was found that the buildings tendered either lacked a sufficient 
 amount of space for the purposes of the Department, or were held at too 
 high a rental value. Finally, an ofler was made by Messrs. E. A. Hooe, 
 of Washington, and Eobert Beverly, of Virginia, the owners of the 
 property on the corner of Eighth and E streets, square numbered 406, 
 to erect a building on said property for the purpose contemplated. 
 
 On the IGth of March last I entered into contract with Messrs. Hooe 
 and Beverly, a copy of which will be found in the~ Appendix. That 
 building has been erected. The clerks composing the Money-Order 
 Office of this Department and the Sixth Auditor's Office are now estab- 
 lished in it. The new budding contains about 15,000 feet of space for 
 clerks, is furnished with an elevator, good heating appliances, and ap- 
 propriate electric bells and speaking tubes ; is well lighted and venti- 
 lated, and is connected with the department building by a light, but 
 substantial iron bridge. 
 
 By the terms of the contract, the government is given the option of 
 purchasing tlys x^roperty for $85,000 at any time within two months 
 after the opening of the next session of Congress. Three considerations 
 commend this opportunity to the prompt acceptance of Congress : First. 
 There seems to be little doubt that the government will soon impera- 
 tively need the whole of that square. Second. Good judges of property 
 are of the opinion that if this particular lot is not taken upon the terms 
 and within the time specified, it will never be secured for less than 
 $100,000. Third. The rent reserved amounts to more than 9 per cent, 
 per annum on the price demanded. 
 
 It seems little less than profligate to pay 9 per cent, for rent when 
 the money can be had for 3 J per cent, to purchase. 
 
 RATES OF POSTAGE. 
 
 I remain of the opinion expressed in my letter of the 18th of May last, 
 addressed to the Speaker of the House of Eepresentatives, that the 
 postage on second-class matter ought properly to be abolished. It does 
 not seem just, and if not just, it cannot be wise to charge for carrying 
 some newspapers and to carry others free, or to charge for carrying a
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 819 
 
 newspaper to some subscribers and to carry the same uew?.paper to 
 others without charge, 
 
 I wish also to repeat, and to emphasize the opinion expressed in the 
 same letter, that the rate of postage on fourth-class matter should be in- 
 creased. To charge three cents per half ounce for carrying messages 
 from one post-oflice to another, and yet to carry merchandise from one 
 side of the continent to the other for one cent an ounce is not ai)proved 
 by good sense, if it is by good morals. 
 
 Some anxiety has been manifested to reduce first-class postage to two 
 cents per half ounce. If it should be thought such a reduction in ratea 
 would cause too great a shrinkage in the revenues,! would respectfully 
 suggest that correspondence may be cheapened almost as much by an 
 other measure, much less costly to the Treasurj*. 
 
 If Congress will authorize the sale of stamped envelopes at the same 
 price at which adhesive stamps are sold, it would lessen the cost of cor- 
 respondence. 
 
 The government is now the largest dealer in envelopes there is. It 
 sells, as nearly as practicable, at the cost of manufacturing, with the 
 postage added. After the first of January next the present tariff of 
 prices will be somewhat reduced, owing to the more liivorablo terms of 
 a recent contract for their manufacture. Yet, under the reduced tariff, 
 if the single rate be reduced to two cents, a correspondent who buys a 
 singlestamped envelope will be compelled to pay three cents for it. If he 
 buys more than five and less than a hundred, he will have to pay 2^ 
 cents each. If he buys more than a hundred at a time, he will bo able 
 to get them at a small fraction less than that. If, on the coiitrarv, the cor- 
 respondent buys adhesive stamps at the post-office, and liis envelopes of 
 private dealers, the cost will be still greater. 
 
 Eegardless of economy, a large percentage of eorrcs[)oiidents do in 
 fact buy the adhesive stamp instead of the stamped envelope. During 
 the last fiscal year 680,463,700 adhesive stamps of the denomination of 
 three cents were issued for prepayment of postage by the public, while 
 only 168,096,250 stamped envelopes of the same deiioniiuatiou were 
 issued. It is safe to assume that the purchasers of those adhesive 
 stamps paid an average price equal to a large fraction of a cent each 
 for the envelopes on which to put them. If the dciiartment could have 
 supplied the envelopes at the cost of stamps, it would have been equiva- 
 lent to a reduction of that fraction of one cent in postage. Yet it would 
 have cost the government, under the jircsent contract, less than .^2,000,000 
 to furnish the envelopes. And even this apparent loss would have been 
 compensated by two great advantages: 
 
 An adhesive stamp, not properly canceled, can be removed and 
 re-used. It is not doubted tliat the revenue is seriously impaired an- 
 nually by this one cause. The envelope can never bo used but once. 
 So far as the stamped envelope can be substituted for the adhesive 
 stamp, all such depreciation of revenue is avoided.
 
 820 llEPORT OF THi: POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 Another benefit to accrue from the substitution of stamped envelopes 
 for adhesive stamps, is the saving of labor in the administration of the 
 service. A letter deposited in a post-office, on which less than one full 
 rate of postage is prepaid, is treated in one of two ways. If it be de- 
 l)osited in a free-delivery office, and the writer is unknown, the post- 
 master sends a notice to the addressee that he may, if he will remit 
 the postage, have the letter forwarded. That imposes labor upon the 
 local postmaster. If the same letter is deposited in any other than a 
 free-delivery office, it is sent at once to the dead-letter office, to be 
 treated there. That imposes labor upon the department. The whole 
 number of domestic letters treated in the dead-letter office during the 
 last fiscal year was 3,709,2GG. Of these, 275,240 were letters held for 
 I)Ostage. But a letter once inclosed in a three-cent stamped envelope 
 has one full rate prepaid. That letter cannot be held for postage. It 
 will go forward at once; the i)ostmaster at the office of delivery will 
 tender it to the addressee upon receiving the postage due. 
 
 Again, the correspondent who orders stamped envelopes to the num- 
 ber of 500 may have his name and address, with a request to return, 
 printed thereon without additional charge. Then if the addressee cannot 
 be found the writer may be found without resort to the dead-letter office. 
 Out of 6,000 letters sent to the dead-letter office on the 4th instant, only 
 four had such requests upon them. By such means the work of the 
 dead-letter office may be reduced to the mimimum. 
 
 The Postal Establishment has attained huge proportions. It is con- 
 ducted at an annual cost of $50,000,000. It should do whatever it can 
 do well. What it can do elsewhere it can do here. Yet the fact remains 
 that the postal service does in other countries many things which it has 
 not yet attempted in this country. 
 
 POSTAL COLLECTION SYSTEM. 
 
 In Belgium, Switzerland, and Germany, the post-office is employed 
 in the collection of bills not exceeding 500 francs in any one sum. The 
 system is briefly this : The creditor purchases a special envelope of the 
 post-office, for which he pays 25 centimes, and in which he incloses his 
 account, and directs to the postmaster within whose delivery the debtor 
 resides. The bill is handed to the carrier, who presents it to the debtor 
 on his round. If not paid, the bill is simply returned. If paid, the 
 carrier returns the money to the postmaster. For his services he re- 
 ceives 25 centimes if the amount is 100 francs or more ; if less than 100 
 francs, he receives 15 centimes. The postmaster receives a like sum for 
 his services, and sends the creditor a postal order for the balance, less 
 the proper fee for the order. 
 
 In Germany, during the year 1876, 2,750,000 accounts were thus col- 
 lected. In March last the system was authorized in France. I respect- 
 fully invite Congress to consider whether, by authorizing a similar sys- 
 tem here, something cannot be done to further utilize the postal estab-
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 821 
 
 lishment and augment its revenues; to lessen the cost of collecting 
 tradesmen's bills, and to inculcate in the people the habit of promptly 
 meeting their small bills as the banks inculcate the habit of meeting 
 large ones. 
 
 POSTAL SAVINGS-BANKS. 
 
 T follow in the ste})8 of many of my pr«Hlec(\ssors In this ofTicc, when T 
 invoke Congress to nnike one more etiVn-t to engraft upon the postal 
 service a system of deposits lor small sums. The great lesson our 
 peoi)le need to learn is that of economy. The American people are apt 
 to earn, but are not Mise to save. 
 
 The easy introduction to the art of saving is to provide a convenient 
 and safe means of saving. A lucrative means is less essential. A 
 place near at hand wliere a dollar may be deposited and may be secure 
 against the temptations of the burglar, the thief, and the saloon-keeper, 
 even if it accumulates but very little, has everywhere j)roved a strong 
 inducement to saving. The post-otfice is near to every citi/.en ; the sav- 
 ings bank must always be remote from most. The post-ottice need not 
 be a substitute for the savings bank, nor its rival, but its feeder; a 
 place where small deposits with slow accretions may securely grow into 
 large ones, then to be transferred to savings banks on longer terms and 
 with larger earnings. 
 
 POSTAL TELEGRAPH SYSTEM. 
 
 Another and a broader field of activity not yet occupied by our postal 
 establishment is that of the telegraph. In almost all countries, save this, 
 telegraph service is conducted by the postal authorities. Presidents, 
 Postmasters-General, and committees of both houses of Congress have 
 heretofore urged that the Post-Oiiice Department of the United States 
 should take exclusive possession of that service. Already Congress 
 has provided a mode for adjusting the terms upon which the United 
 States may purchase all telegraph lines, either for postal or other pur- 
 poses. (Revised Statutes, section 52G7.) 
 
 After the fullest consideration I have been able t<3 give to the sub- 
 ject, I am forced to the conclusion that the time has fully come when 
 tlie telegraph and postal service should be embraced under one man- 
 agement. The whole subject has been argued in former years. I shall 
 do but little more than summarize that argument. 
 
 The business of the telegraph is iidierently the sanu^ as that of the 
 mail. It is to transmit messages from one person to another. That is 
 tlievery i>urpose for wliich post-otiices and post-roads are established. 
 The power to est^iblish is not limited to any i)articular modes of trans- 
 mission. The telegraph was not known when the. Constitution was 
 adopted. Neither was tlie railway. L cannot doubt that the power to 
 employ one is as clear as to employ the other. 
 
 If the union of the two services did not improve that of the tele-
 
 822 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 grapli at all, I tliiuk it would improve the i)ostal service in some im- 
 portant respects. It would necessitate the employment of telegraph 
 operators for postmasters in many offices. That would result in giving 
 to the administration of not a few offices men who have learned to do 
 one thing in place of those who have never Jearned to do anything. It 
 tlie two offices were united, whenever a mail did not arrive on time, 
 the public thronging the post-office would learn, not merely that the 
 mail had not arrived, but when it would arrive. 
 
 Again, the necessity for delivering messages would facilitate and 
 gradually draw after it the free delivery of mails in places where free 
 delivery in itself is impracticable. 
 
 But a union of the two services would, I believe, improve the tele- 
 grapli more than it would the postal service. 
 
 I prefer no accusation against the administration of the former serv- 
 ice. Admitting it to be honest and efficient, the fact remains that it is 
 not cheap, and under corporate control it cannot be cheap. Eent for 
 both services would cost but little more than the cost for one. So of 
 fuel and of light. Where there is now a free delivery of mail, telegraph 
 messages could be delivered at less cost by the post-office than hy a cor- 
 poration. Besides, if the business was controlled by the government, 
 there would be but a single management for the whole. The business 
 is now charged with the cost of many different managements. One di- 
 rection is cheaper than several. 
 
 Again, corijoratious will seek, and ought to have, not only remuner- 
 ation for cost of administration, but interest on the capital invested. 
 Telegraph companies seek and secure a large interest on their capital; 
 and what is still more burdensome to the public is the fact that the 
 aggregate outlay of the companies is always greatly in excess of the 
 actual cost of their proi)erty. 
 
 The office of the telegraph is not indispensable in the sense that air, 
 water, and food arc; but it is so essential to social, political, and com- 
 mercial life that it must be had. If it cannot be obtained at one price, 
 it will be at another. No one corporation has been or will be allowed 
 quietly to monopolize the business. No one set of men will be i)ermit- 
 ted exclusively to sell services which all must have. And yet, while 
 monopoly will not be permitted, competition beyond a certain point can- 
 not be tolerated. 
 
 When comiietition profits the public who purchase the service, ft be- 
 comes injurious to the companies which sell. When it becomes injurious 
 to the comiianies, the competition is extinguished by the inirchase and 
 absorption of the competitor. The price paid for the franchises of a 
 rival concerns the purchaser but little; it concerns the public deeply. 
 The people must pay the fees which will yield dividends on the new 
 and on the old capital. So it has happened that the one corporation 
 which has built most miles of telegraph has been the largest purchaser 
 of telegraph property. It must continue to be so. Xo matter how i?ich
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 823 
 
 a company may be, it is powerless to prevent the organization of new 
 and competing enterprises. Its sole protection is to buy when the new 
 rival proves hurtful. No matter how conservative or just may be 
 the management of the purchasing comi)any, it will demand from the 
 public dividends on the capital invested to extinguish the rival. The 
 only security capital can have against these recurring raids is to sur- 
 render the business to the government. The only prot(.'Ctiou the public 
 can have against these multiplied exactions is, for the government to 
 assume that exclusive control over the transmission of domestic mes- 
 sages by electricity, which it now has over the slower methods by steam 
 and stage-coach. Safety for those who sell and those who buy tele- 
 graph service is jiromoted by the same measure. 
 
 But a stronger reason still, why the government should control the 
 telegraph, is found in the fact that it is as potent for evil as for good. 
 Like government itself, it is too terrible to be wielded by other than 
 representatives of the whole people. 
 
 In the great commercial centers, public stocks, corporate and mining 
 stocks, bonds, and the staple products of agriculture are bought and 
 sold daily, to the amount of thousands of millions. In all those markets 
 one great telegraph company wags its tongue incessantly. For all those 
 commodities it is the arbiter of prices. Prices go uj) or down according 
 to its inculcations. Whoever controls its utterances may at i)leasure 
 buoy a market in which he wishes to sell, or break one in which he 
 wishes to buy. That is an agency much too dreadful to entrust to 
 private hands. 
 
 I am far from asserting that a use so malign ever has been made of 
 this agency. I speak of its capabilities, not of its history. Knowing 
 that it can be so abused, it seems to be the dictate of pnulence not to 
 wait until it is so abused. It is manifest that even when the govern- 
 ment controls the telegraph a falsehood which may sink a stock or 
 float it may still be sent over the wires. But truth will have equal free- 
 dom on the Imes. In government hands the telegi'aph will njaintain an 
 exact neutrality between the two fierce parties, which, day by day and 
 year by year, contend for supremacy in the markets. In private hands 
 it may become the mere creature, as malignant as mighty, of that party 
 which its owner, from time to time, chooses to join. If he choose, he 
 may give free course to falsehood, and if he choose, he may imprison 
 the truth. Who else can trade in a market dominated by such a power! 
 
 It may be objected, and has been, that the measure proposed would 
 largely extend the roll of Federal othcials. That increase has doubtless 
 been exaggerated. At a very large percentage of the offices the tele- 
 graph operator would not su|)]il('ment the i)ostmas(er, but would sup- 
 Ijlant him. Besides, I know of no law but necessity limiting the em- 
 ployment of officials. The government is not wise which employs a 
 single officer not needed. It is unwise if it refuses to employ thousands 
 when they are needed.
 
 824 ■ REPORT OP THI-: POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 Within the life of this geuoration this government employed more 
 than two and a half millions of officers. They were all armed. They 
 did not destroy the country ; they saved it. It is not difficult to find 
 individuals who employ a thousand men and find proEt in it. It does 
 not become fifty millions to shrink from employing a hundred thousand 
 if they have need for their services. 
 
 T. O. HOWE, 
 
 rosimaster- (Jencral. 
 The President.
 
 PAPERS 
 
 ACCOMPANYISCi 
 
 THE REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER GENERAL. 
 
 ESTIMATES OF THE APPROPKIATIONS FOR THE POSTAL 
 SERVICE FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JU2.E 30, 1S84. 
 
 OFKICK Ol' TUK POSTMASTEU-GE^TEP.AL. 
 
 Mail depredations and post-office inspectors, including amounts neces- 
 sary for fees to United States marshals, attorneys, &c 8*22r>, 000 W 
 
 Advertising r.O.OUO 00 
 
 Miscellaneous items in the office of the Postmaster-General ~, 000 00 
 
 OFFICE OP THE FIRST ASSISTANT rOSTJIASTER-GKNEUAL. 
 
 Compensation to postmasters 10, IIM.OOI 'in 
 
 Clerks in post-offices 4,8r)0,0<.K) 00 
 
 Letter-cairiers 3, 600, OCM) 00 
 
 Wrapping-paper -jri, 000 00 
 
 ■Wrapping-t\\ ine -''ij, 000 00 
 
 Marking and rating stamps -•'. OCM) 00 
 
 Letter balances, scales, and test- weights 'Jfj, 000 00 
 
 Rent, fuel, and Ught 4r.0,000 00 
 
 Office furniture iW.tKK) IM 
 
 Stationery r,.',,0<.>n 00 
 
 Ink for stamping and <anceling ])urposcs 1<|, 000 IHi 
 
 Pads for stamping and canceling jmrposrs 10.000 00 
 
 Miscellaneous and incidental items 'JO, 0<.m) 0(I 
 
 > 
 
 OFFICE OF THE SECOND ASSISTANT POSTMASTKK-dENII'.Al.. -• . .. ;■ 
 
 Inland transportatio)i, railroad routes !•}, OiK», 0<m.i 00 
 
 Railway ]»ost-otU(f car service l.C.'J«;,(XH» 00 
 
 For necessary and s|)ccial I'arilitit^s on trunk liiit's CdNt.iMMt im) 
 
 Inland transportation, stcanilmat routes 70<», OtK) on 
 
 Inland Transportation, star mutes .''i, fRtO, 0«IO M 
 
 Kailway ijosi-oilice clorks ;!, '.'77, 1'iO oo 
 
 Mail-niosscngcr.s -.'.0, OOo <I0 
 
 Maillocksand keys '20.000 oo 
 
 Mail-bags and mail-bag cat <1i.ts -.-.'0. 000 00 
 
 Miscellaneoira items in (he ollicf of tlic Second As-sintant Postnuistrr- 
 
 General I.UOO oo 
 
 OFFICE OF HIE T1III;1> ASSISIANT P< (ST.MASTER-tiKNK.RAI.. 
 
 Postage stamps I.U". ^.K^| i"' 
 
 Expenses of agency ' S". lou oo
 
 826 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Stamped envelopes, newspaper wrappers, and letter sheets $632, 000 00 
 
 Expenses of agency Ifi, 000 00 
 
 Postal cards 253,000 00 
 
 Expenses of agency 7, 300 00 
 
 Regisfered-package, post-office, and dead-letter envelopes 140,000 00 
 
 Ship, steamboat, and way letters 1,500 00 
 
 Engraving, printing, and binding drafts and warrants 2, 000 00 
 
 Miscellaneous items in the otHce of the Third Assistant Postmaster-Gen- 
 eral ' ■-.. 1,000 00 
 
 OFFICE OF THE SUPERIXTEXDENT OF FOREIGN MAILS. 
 
 Transportation of foreign mails 350,000 00 
 
 Balances due foreign countries, including the United States' portion of 
 the exijenaes of the International Bureau of the Universal Postal 
 Union and the subscription of the department for the monthly journal < 
 
 (L'Union Postale) of that bureau 60, 000 00 
 
 Total 40,741,111 25 
 
 Estimated amount which will be provided by the department from its 
 own revenues, based upon an annual increase of 10 per cent, on the 
 revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882 - 50,670,456 27 
 
 Surplus of estimated postal revenue over estimated expenditures 3, 929, 345 02 
 
 Note. — The postal revenue, estimated at an annual increase of 10 per 
 cent, on the revenue for the last fiscal year, will, for the year ending 
 June 30, 1884, amount to $50,670,456.27, or $3,929,345.02 more than the 
 estimated expenditures for the same fiscal year. The increase of receipts 
 for the last over the previous fiscal year was at the rate of 13.8 per cent. 
 At the close of the last fiscal year there remained a handsome suri)lus 
 of receipts over expenditures, and the receipts are now increasing at a 
 much greater rate than the expenditures. Hence no appropriation will 
 be required from the general Treasury to aid the postal revenue imneet- 
 ing the estimated expenditures for the coming fiscal year, unless there 
 should be changes in the rates of postage, or in the classification of 
 mail matter, injuriously affecting the revenue. A deficiency appropria- 
 tion from the Treasury of $2,152,258 for the year ending June 30, 1882, 
 remains undrawn, and it is not believed that it will be necessary to 
 draw any portion of the $1,902,177.90 appropriated to supply deficien- 
 cies in the postal revenue for the current fiscal year. 
 
 T. O. HOWE, 
 FostmaMer- Qeneral. 
 
 Office of the Postmaster-General, 
 
 November 1, 1882.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GEKERAL. 827 
 
 PoST-OFFICE DEPART:>rENT, 
 
 Office of Third Assistant Postmastek-General, 
 
 WuMhingtun, ]>. C, Octobtr li3, 1S83. 
 Sir : I liave the houor to submit beiewith, for your cousideratiou, a 
 table showing: the estimates of a])propriatious required for the service 
 of the Post-Otlice Dei)artment for the liscal year eudinj; June 30, 1SS4, 
 jirepared in accordance with your dire<ttions. The cemmuuieations from 
 the several otBcials from whose estimates the table was compiled, and 
 explanatory thereof, will also be found herewith, marked from A to F. 
 V^erv respectful Iv, your obedient servant, 
 
 A. D. UAZEX, 
 Third Assistant Fosimuntei-Ueneral. 
 Hon. T. O. Howe, 
 
 Postma^iter- General. 
 
 A. 
 
 PoSTOFFICE DEPART^rENT, 
 
 Offioe of Chief Clerk to the Postmaster-General, 
 
 Washington, D. C, October 18, 1S82. 
 
 Sir: In compliance with your request of October 2, I have the honor 
 to inform you that the following are the estimates of a])propriatious 
 necessary for the office of the Postmaster-General for the fiscal year 
 ending June 30, 1884, viz: 
 
 Mail depreilations and post-office iiisjitntois, intludinjj :iiiioiuit8 iiocrssary 
 
 for fees to United States marshals and attoruevs "- fiifi, OUO 
 
 Advertising ". r^.lXK) 
 
 Miscellaueous items in the office of tbe Postmaster-Geueral "J, wo 
 
 Letter of tbe chief post-office inspector on the subject is hei-twith in- 
 closed. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 F. H. HOWE, 
 
 (JhieJ Clerk. 
 Hon. A. D. Hazen, 
 
 Third Assistant Fostmaster-QmeraU
 
 828 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 B. 
 
 Pos'J'-Office Depart:ment, 
 Office of Chief Post-Office Inspector, 
 
 Washimiton, D. C, October 21, 1882. 
 
 Sm: ] have tlie lionorto acknowledge the receipt of your communi- 
 cation of the ^(l instant, asking that you be furnished with an estimate 
 of appropriation for mail depredations and post-office inspectors for the 
 fiscal year ending .lune.SO, 1884. 
 
 The' force of inspectors now employed upon the general work of the 
 inspection of post-offices, correction of irregularities, the investigation of 
 all depredations on the mails, assisting the contract office in determin- 
 ing and arranging post-routes, and other miscellaneous duties, as well 
 as those detailed to the money-order, free-delivery, and railway mail 
 service, are rendering most important and valuable aid in their several 
 branches. Their duties are continuous and arduous, and their compen- 
 sation should be increased. 
 
 At present ten inspectors are paid $2,500 each per annum, the others 
 not exceeding $1,600. A per diem allowance not exceeding $5 is made to 
 cover expenses incurred while actually traveling upon official business. 
 This allowance covers sleeping-carfares andall other necessary expenses, 
 except transportation, and is now based upon the ascertained require- 
 ments of the diffjprent sections where inspectors are located, varying 
 from $3 minimum to $5 maximum per day. From this it will be seen 
 that inspectors of the Post-Office Department are not now paid salaries 
 equal to those received by similar officers of the Treasury and other de- 
 partments. In the Treasury Department special agents, whose duties 
 are analogous to those of the post-office inspectors, receive salaries 
 varying from $2,190 to $2,920 per annum. In addition to this compen- 
 sation the exi^enses of special agents of the Treasury arc paid by the 
 department. The Indian inspectors of the Interior Department are 
 paid $3,000 each per annum, and their expenses also are paid by the 
 government. Nor is the compensation of post-office inspectors as large 
 as that of postmasters and assistant postmasters at first and second 
 class post-offices, to instruct whom is frequently an inspector's duty. 
 
 1 therefore beg to recommend that the appropriation for mail depre- 
 dations and post-office inspectors for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 1884, be increased to $225,000, and that legislation be suggested as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 The Postmaster-General may graile inspectors appointed by liim in accordance with 
 section 4017 Revised Statutes in the following manner: Not exceeding tifteen in nnra- 
 ber shall receive !5;2,r)00each Yieraimnui, not exceeding lifreen others may receive $2,000 
 each, and the remainder may receive not exceeding 61,(500 each. In addition to this 
 compensation they may be allowed for their expenses while actually traveling upon 
 otticial business such an amount as may be determined Ity the Postmaster-General as 
 necessary in each case, not exceeding §5 per diem, payable only for time spent away 
 from the inspector's residence while traveling upon the business of the department. 
 
 I am, sir, very resi)ectfully, 
 
 DA\^D B. PARKEPt, 
 
 Chief Inspector. 
 Frank H. Howe, Esq., 
 
 Chief Clerl: to the Postma&ter-GeneraL
 
 REPORT or THE POSTMASTER-GENEKAL. 
 
 829 
 
 0. 
 
 Post-Office Department, 
 Office of First Assistant Postmaster -General, 
 
 Washington, D. C, October 23, 1882. 
 Sir: Agreeably to your request, I submit herewith estiinat<;s of the 
 appropriations necessary for the use of this office for the tiscal year end- 
 ing June 30, 1884, under the following heads, viz : 
 
 For compensation to postmasters §10, 134, 091 2.'> 
 
 For clerks in post-offices 4.8o0, 000 00 
 
 For free-delivery service ;i, 600, 000 00 
 
 For rent, fuel, and light 450, 000 00 
 
 For office furniture :30, 000 W\ 
 
 For stationery in post-offices (■>,'), 000 00 
 
 For miscellaneous and incidental items !»0, 000 00 
 
 For wrapping-paper 2o, 000 00 
 
 For wrapping-twino f)."), 000 00 
 
 For marking and rating stamps *2r>, 000 00 
 
 For letter balances and scales 25, 000 00 
 
 Ink for stamping and canceling purposes 10, 000 W 
 
 Pads for stamping and canceling purposes 10, 000 00 
 
 Total estimate 19, 3G9, 01»1 •-'.". 
 
 or $2,227,091.25 more than the appropriation for the current year. 
 
 compensation to postmasters. 
 
 The following were the estimates, appropriations, and expenditures 
 for this item for the past two fiscal years : 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-82. 
 
 Inoreaae. 
 
 Kstiraates 
 
 Appropriations 
 Expenditures.. 
 Deficiency 
 
 $7, 550, 000 00 $7, 800, 000 00 
 
 7, 5<M), 000 00 7, 800, 000 00 
 
 8, 298, 74'.' 79 j 8, 904, e76 72 
 798, 742 79 1, 164, 076 73 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 8.02 
 4^.81 
 
 From the above it will be perceived that the ex])eii<litiires for the fis- 
 cal year ended June 30, 1882, exceeded the ap])roj)iiatiou for that period 
 in the sum of $1,104,676.72. In anticipation of a large deficiency, Con- 
 gress, at its last session, upon the recommendation of the Postmaster- 
 General, appropriated the sum of $1,192,206.88, or so nuich thereof as 
 might be necessary, to meet the deficit for this item during the fiscal 
 year. The deficiency reported by tlie Auditor (5'1,164,(>7({,72) is not so 
 large as the amount appropriate*! by $27,030.66; but it is expected that 
 when the delayed returns from postmasters for the year sluill have been 
 received, the wliole amount api)roi)riated by Congress will bo expiMuU'd. 
 The expenditures for the past fiscal year were also greater than those of 
 the previous year in the sum of 86<!.5,933.03, or 8.()ii percent. 
 
 The expenditures for the past year also rxce«'d the appropriation 
 ($8,800,000) for the current fiscal year by !r<16t,(;76.72. 
 
 From the foregoing it will appear that a \«>r\ much larger appropria- 
 tion for compensation to postmasters should be made for the next fiscal 
 year. 
 
 It has been ascerlained that the compensation of postmasters bears a 
 direct relation to the gross receipts of the departmcMt. The present law
 
 830 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 regulating the compensation of postmasters of the fourth class went into 
 operation the 21st July, 1878. 
 
 During the first fiscal year of the change, ended June 30, 1879, it re- 
 quired 23.9 per cent, of the gross receipts to pay the compensation of 
 postmasters. 
 
 During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1880, 23.1 per cent, was re- 
 quired; for the year ended June 30, 1881, 22.5 per cent, was required; 
 and for the year ended June 30, 1882, 21.4 per cent, was necessary. 
 
 It will thus be seen that the decrease in percentage of compensation 
 to postmasters to the gross receipts has been a steady one ; and this is 
 only natural, since the great bulk of the receipts is collected at the 
 larger offices, where the salaries are fixed by law. The receipts for the 
 fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, based on an increase of 10 per cent, 
 upon the last fiscal year, have been estimated at $50,070,456.27. It is 
 believed that not more than 20 per cent, of this amount will be required 
 to pay postmasters for the next fiscal year. Upon this basis it is esti- 
 mated that $10,134,091.25 will be necessary for the compensation of 
 postmasters for the year ending June 30, 1884. This amount wiU be 
 $1,334,091.25 greater than the amount ($8,800,000) appropriated for the 
 present fiscal year, or an increase of 15.16 per cent. 
 
 An essential element in the above estimate is the increase under the 
 biennial readjustment of July 1st last in the salaries of jDostmasters at 
 first, second, and third class ofi&ces, amounting to $563,400 more than 
 was paid last year. 
 
 CLERKS IN POST-OFFICES. 
 
 The estimates, appropriations, and expenditures for this pui^pose for 
 the past two fiscal years were as follows : 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-'82. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appropriations 
 Expenditures.. 
 
 $3, 650, 000 00 
 3, 680, 000 00 
 3, 676, 756 22 
 
 $3, 850, 000 00 
 
 ; 3, 850, 000 00 
 
 [ 100, 000 00 
 
 3, 908, 396 60 
 
 Per cent 
 
 7.33 
 6.30 
 
 The appropriation of $3,850,000 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 
 1882, was found, after six months of the year had expired, to be in- 
 adequate for the necessities of the service, and upon the recommen- 
 dation of the Postmaster-General an additional $100,000 for the year 
 was appropriated by Congress on the 6th of March last for this item, 
 making the whole amount $3,950,000. This appropriation was $270,000, 
 or 7.33 per cent, greater than for the previous year. The appropriation 
 for the present fiscal year is $4,385,000. 
 
 The expenditures for the last fiscal year amounted to $3,908,396.60, 
 or $41,603.40 less than the appropriation. In no other fiscal year have 
 the requests for additional allowances for clerical service and separating 
 mails in post-offices been so numerous or so lu-gent as the past. These 
 requests have been made by postmasters in all sections of the country, 
 but they have been especially necessary in the rapidly growing portions 
 of the West and Southwest. Postmasters at many of the principal 
 cities in the older States have also applied for additional allowances for 
 clerk-hire, in consequence of the great increase of the business of their 
 offices from registered matter, merchandise passing through the mails.
 
 REPORT OP THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL 
 
 831 
 
 and from other causes. After the passage of the act grantiog $100,000 
 additional for this purpose for the past fiscal year, I found myself some- 
 what embarrassed, owing to many deserving applications, in making a 
 proper disposition of it.- 
 
 The commission referred to in my report to the Postmaster-General 
 was determined upon as a measure of relief, as well as with a view to 
 the better organization of the service in several of the large cities. The 
 adoption of their recommendations resulted in a considerable saving of 
 funds, and furnished a better basis for making future allowances at the 
 ofi&ces visited. This did not afford sufficient relief, however, nor have 
 I yet been able, with the appropriation at my command, to grant all the 
 requests from the South and West, which are equally urgent, though 
 the revenue derived from these offices is not so largo as from many in 
 the Xorth and East;, nor is it in numerous instances at all in proportion 
 to the great amount of labor required. 
 
 I have therefore estimated the amount necessary to be appropriated 
 for clerks in post-offices for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, at 
 $4,850,000, which is $465,000, or lO.G per cent., greater than the appro- 
 priation for the current year. I consider this amount absolutely requi- 
 site to meet the rapidly increasing and important requests of this char- 
 acter which are constantly being received, and are made necessary by 
 the remarkable expansion of postal business* in all sections of the 
 country. 
 
 FREE-DELrVTEEY SERVICE. 
 
 The following were the estimates, appropriations, and expenditures 
 for this service, and the incidental expenses thereof, during the two 
 past fiscal years : 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-'8S. 
 
 IncresM. 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appropriations 
 Expenditures.. 
 
 (2, 500, 000 00 
 2, 500, 000 00 
 2, 409, 911 64 
 
 $2, 700, 000 00 
 
 ; 2. 600, 000 00 
 
 I 25, 000 00 
 
 2, 623, 2C2 74 
 
 Vtr tent. 
 
 5 
 
 4.i» 
 
 This system was in operation on the 30th of June last in 112 of the 
 I^rincipal cities of the country, and employed 3,115 carriers. It has been 
 extended to 25 other cities since that date. 
 
 The regular appropriation of $2,600,000 for the past fiscal year was 
 increased in the sum of $25,000, to meet an anticipated deficiency, making 
 $2,625,000 for the period, and an increase of $125,000, or 5 i)or cent., over 
 that of the previous year. The expenditures were $2,623,262.74 for the 
 fiscal year, or $1,737,26 less than the appropriation. The cost of the 
 service wius increased $123,351.20 over that of the preceding year, i>rin- 
 cipally owing to the appointment of additional carriers in cities where 
 the service was already in operation. The service was extended to only 
 three cities during the year. 
 
 The postage on local matter for the year was $3,810,576.00, an increase 
 of $542,945.70 for the year. The average cost per piece for handling 
 matter was 2.3 mills, a decrease of 0.1 mill as comi)ared with the last 
 year. The average cost per carrier was $835.75, a decrease of $37.70. 
 
 The appropriation for the present fiscal year is $3,200,000, of which 
 amount. $200,000 .was.approi^riated.by tho^terms of. the act of August
 
 832 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING TTIE 
 
 ii, 1882, which hiw requires the promotion of caniers to the next higher 
 grade after one year's service. 
 
 For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, it is estimated that an ap- 
 propriation of $3,000,000 will be required in order that free deliverj' may 
 be extended to other cities i>osse8sing the necessary qualifications, either 
 of population (20,000) or of gross revenue ($20,000) from the post-office; 
 that provision may be made for the development of tlie service where 
 it already exists, and that the pay of certain carriers may be increased 
 under the provisions of the law above mentioned. 
 
 The increase of estimate is $400,000, or 12 per cent, more than tlic 
 amount appropriated for the current year. 
 
 A detailed explanation of the expenses of this service, as well as of 
 its popularity and usefulness, will be found in my annual report to the 
 Postmaster Ueneral. 
 
 RENT, LIGHT, AND FUEL. 
 
 The estimates, appropriations, and expenditures for this item for the 
 two last fiscal years were as follows : 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-82. 
 
 Increase. 
 Per cent 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appropriations 
 Eipenaitnres.. 
 
 $450, 000 00 
 425, 000 00 
 382, 714 86 
 
 $500, 000 00 
 425,000 00 
 401,978 04 
 
 5.03 
 
 The estimate for these items for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, 
 is $450,000, the same as the appropriation for the current year, and it 
 exceeds the expenditures for the past year in the sum of $48,021.96, 
 or 11.94 i)er cent. By law allowances of this character are made only 
 at oflices of the first and second classes, or where the salaries of the 
 postmasters are $2,000 and upM^ards per annum, and they are usually 
 based upon the amounts received at the different offices from box-rents 
 and the commissions upon the sales of stamps. The increase in these 
 allowances during the past fiscal year over that of the preceding one 
 was $19,263.18, or 5.03 per cent. Of the whole amount expended, about 
 $305,000 was for rent of buildings for post-offices. 
 
 It has been my endeavor during the time I have been in the depart- 
 ment to secure for use, when permitted to do so by the postal laws, a 
 better class of buildings in the different cities for jiost-offices than hav^e 
 heretofore been occupied, and my efforts have been attended with con- 
 siderable success in many places. Still further improvements can be 
 made and advantages secured in this particular, as the inhabitants of 
 the larger cities (where government buildings do not exist) have become 
 aware of the importance of a well-built and well-finished structure for 
 postal business. With this object in view I consider that an appropria- 
 tion of $450,000 would not be excessive for these items. 
 
 I am also of the ox)inion that some provision should be made by Con- 
 gress by which postmasters of the third class, whose salaries are $1,000 
 and less than $2,000 per annum, should, to a certain extent, be relieved 
 from the payment of the rent of their offices out of their salaries. Con- 
 sidering that the revenues of the department for the past fiscal year 
 exceeded the expenditures, it seems to me that liberality could be ob- 
 served in this direction.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 OFFICE FUENITUrE. 
 
 833 
 
 The estimates, approjuiations, aud expenditures for this purpose for 
 the past two years were as follows : 
 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-'82. 
 
 Increaae. 
 
 
 $20,000 00 
 20, 000 00 
 19. 206 87 
 
 $25,000 00 
 20 000 00 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 
 
 
 20 716 6* '!»-■; 
 
 
 
 
 The appropriation for this item for the present fiscal year is $20,000, 
 or the same as for the previous year, and, in my judfjment, is entirely 
 too small for the purpose. The postal affairs of the country cannot he 
 properly and expeditiously conducted unless the offices are furnished 
 with suitable facilities in the way of furniture, such as tables for as- 
 sorting the mails, desks for writiug, racks for lianging the mail-bags, 
 and many other articles which are absolutely necessary for the proper 
 transaction of business. I regret to say that within my own knowl- 
 edge there are many post-offices so ill-provided in these respects that 
 it is a soni«ie of unfavorable comment by their patrons upon the de- 
 partmental management. ]\Iaiiy postmasters have been compelled to 
 provide articles of furniture at their own expense, and assume the risk; 
 of disposing of them to their successors. Especially is this the case iu 
 the matter of safes, which are indispensable in all of the larger offices. 
 l)uring the past year the ai)plications of postmasters to have offices 
 supplied with them have been more numerous than ever before. Con- 
 sidering that it was, to a certain extent, both economical and proper to 
 provide safes for many of tlio important offices where much registered 
 matter is sent for distribution to other points, I have made quite a 
 number of allowancM^'s for that purpose during the year, aud the bills 
 for such items having beeu ])resented earlier than was anticipate<l, a 
 deticiency of ."i^TlO.Gi has thereby been created. I have estimated the 
 amount requisite for this item for the liscal year ending June 30, 18S4, 
 at $30,000, an increase of 50 per cent, over the appropriation for the 
 present year, and firmly believe the public interests require it. 
 
 STATIONERY IN POST-OFFICES. 
 
 The following were the estimates, appropriations, and expenditures 
 for this item for the past two fiscal years : 
 
 Estimates 
 
 ApprupriatioD!) 
 Expenctitores.. 
 
 1880-81. 
 
 1881-'82. 
 
 $SO,000 00 
 50,000 00 
 49, 23^ 45 
 
 $00,000 00 
 50. 000 00 
 56,517 2« 
 
 InCTMW. 
 
 Fw e#nt 
 
 14 
 
 The appropriation for stationery for the current fiscal year is $55,000, 
 which is $5,000, or 10 per cent., nu)re than was granted for cither of the 
 two previous years, whik> the expenditures for the year 18(Sl-.Sli ex- 
 celled the aj)piopriation for this item, for the same iH*riod, in the sum 
 of $0,517,158, thereby causing a deficiency for the year of tliat amount. 
 
 63 Ab
 
 834 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The expenditures for the past year were greater than those of the pre- 
 vious year by $7,278.83, or 14 per cent. 
 
 I much regret that a deficiency should have occurred for stationery 
 during the past year. The causes were that no increase was made in 
 the approj)riation for this item for the year, although an estimate for 
 $10,000 additional was mnde; that the requests for the articles used 
 under this item are becoming more numerous and urgent each year, 
 and in the same degree in which the postal business is augmented; and 
 further, that by the regulations of the department, postmasters at first 
 and second class offices (the only ones who are entitled to allowances 
 for these items) are permitted to i)urchase the necessary stationery 
 without making application to the department for the same. The sta- 
 tionery used by many post-office inspectors and railway mail service 
 superintendents has also been paid for out of this item. 
 
 It is the first time that a deficiency in this appropriation has occurred 
 in several years, and it could have been avoided if the returns of the 
 postmasters to the Auditor were readily accessible at the end of each 
 quarter. The estimate for this item for the next fiscal year has been 
 placed at $05,000, an increase of $10,000, or 18 per cent., over that of 
 the current year, and I know of no good reason why that appropriation 
 should not be made. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS AND INCIDENTAL ITEMS. 
 
 The following were the estimates, appropriations, and expenditures 
 for these items during the two past fiscal years: 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-'82. 
 
 Increase. Decrease. 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appropriations 
 Expenditures . . 
 
 $90, 000 00 
 85. 000 00 
 80, 989 15 
 
 Per cent. \ Per cent 
 $100, 000 00 
 
 90,000 00 I 5.88 
 
 68,594 76 I I 15.30 
 
 The appropriation for the present fiscal year is $90,000, or the same 
 as for the last year, and is but $5,000, or 5.88 per cent., greater than 
 that for the year ended June 30, 1881. It will be perceived that the 
 expenditures for the past fiscal year were $12,394.39, or 15.30 per cent., 
 less than for the year previous. This was mainly due to the fact that 
 the expenses for the miscellaneous and incidental items of the rail- 
 way mail service, heretofore charged to this office, were, during the 
 last half of that fiscal year, transferred to the accounts of the Second 
 Assistant Postmaster-General's office, in the absence of any specific 
 appropriation therefor. Nevertheless I do not anticipate that the ex- 
 penditures for these items will again be as low as they were during the 
 past year. 
 
 The same necessity exists as heretofore for the rental of telephones, 
 for telegraphic communications, and the many other expenses incidental 
 to the proper dispatch of business in post-offices, and must necessarily 
 increase in proportion as the country expands and the postal business 
 increases. Post-offices cannot be successfully conducted without the 
 numerous little appliances to facilitate business which are ordinarily 
 seen in other large public and private establishments; and I have 
 therefore estimated the amount necessary for these items for the next 
 fiscal year at $90,000, or the same as appropriated for the present year.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 835 
 
 BLANK AGENCY. 
 
 Some time prior to my report of last year this division of the depart- 
 ment was detached from this bureau and assigned by the Postma.ster- 
 General to his oflice; hence no estimates were then prepared bj' me for 
 its appropriations. 
 
 The division ha^ing been since restored to the oflice of the First As- 
 sistant Postmaster-General, the estimates for its service are again sub- 
 mitted by that officer. 
 
 WRAPPING-PAPER. 
 
 The estimates, appropriations, and expenditures for this article for the 
 two past fiscal years were as follows : 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appropriations 
 Erpenditures.. 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-'i*2. 
 
 Increaoe. D«oreai>^. 
 
 Per cent \ Per cent 
 $20,000 00 I $20,000 00 ...., ! 
 
 20.000 00,1 2Moooo!| 2,1 
 
 24,900 00 I ia,9:i3 59 19.70 
 
 The appropriation for this item for the current fiscal year is $22,000, 
 or 10 per cent, over the expenditures of the last year. 
 
 In anticipation of a deficiency for this article during the i)ast year, 
 an additional appropriation of 85,000 was asked for. It was not given, 
 however, until very late in the session (August 5, 1882), and consequently 
 was not available during the fiscal year. It will be observed that the 
 expenditures for the fiscal year 1880-'81 were $1,000.51 greater than for 
 the last year, which was owing to the greater demand by postmasters 
 for wrapping-paper, and a higher contract i)rice for the article. 
 
 To meet the possible increase in the i)rice of wrapping-paper, and to 
 provide for the additional deniand, esi>ecially for i)r()porly preparing 
 packages of registered matter and merchandise for mailing, I have esti- 
 mated the ai)propriation requisite for the fiscal year ending .June 30, 
 1884, at $25,000, or the same as the total amount granted last year, and 
 an increase of 13.03 i)er cent, over the inesent api)ropriation. 
 
 WRAPPING-TWINE. 
 
 The following were the estimates, appropriations, and cxpiyuliturca 
 for this item during the two past fiscal years: 
 
 EMimatcs 
 
 Appropriations. 
 Expondiiiiit«... 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 $.in, 000 00 
 r..'i, WK) 00 
 £4, GU3 3S 
 
 1861-82. 
 
 t.U, 000 00 
 6.-.. (100 00 
 62, TVt 04 
 
 D«creM«. 
 
 Per etnL 
 
 37.64 
 
 The appropriation for the i)resent fiscal year is $55,000, or the same 
 as for the i)r('ceding year. It is also an iiu-rease of 4.25 i)er cent, over 
 the expendilnres for this article for t]u>, last fiscal year. It will be noticed 
 that th<' expenditures for the year ended June 30, 1S.S1, were !if3I,84S.74, 
 or 00.37 i)er <'.ent. iu excess of those for tl'e past year. This was mainly 
 due to the high contract price of the article as compared with previous 
 years. Hence it will be seen that an estimatt; cannot easily 1h^ made, 
 for a commodity which is so liable to lluetuate iji value, but 1 mibmit 
 the same estimate for the year ending June 30, 1884, as for the last year,
 
 836 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 *.j5,()00, iu the liopc tliat it will ho, sndieient to covor all contingencies. 
 Tliis iiiiiountis tlic same as the ai)])ropriatioii for the present year. 
 
 makkinCt and hating stamps. 
 
 The estimates, appropriations, and expenditures for these articles for 
 the past two fiscal years were as follows: 
 
 ICstJniatos 
 
 Appiopi-iatious. 
 Expendimres... 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1831-'82. Increase. 
 
 $15,000 00 
 13, 500 00 
 13, 499 50 
 
 $15, 000 00 
 15, 000 00 
 14, 144 30 
 
 $1, 500 00 
 644 80 
 
 The appropriation for these items for the current fiscal year is the 
 same as for the last one, $15,000, and exceeds the expenditures for the 
 past year in the sum of only $855.70. 
 
 The expenditures for the fiscal year just closed Avere but $644.80 
 greater than those for the year previous. It will therefore be perceived 
 that the reeent appropriations for the above articles have not been at 
 all extravagant. 
 
 I have estimated the appropriation necessary for these items for the 
 fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, at $25,000, an increase of $10,000, or 
 66f per cent., over that for the present year ; and have done so for the 
 following reasons: 
 
 By the postal regulations it is necessary that the gross receipts of a 
 post-office should be $50 per annum to entitle it to receive a letter bal- 
 ance and a marking and rating stamp at the expense of the department. 
 This regulation has been productive of much inconvenience both to th.e 
 postmaster and the public, and has undoubtedly been the cause of con- 
 siderable loss of revenue to the department, from the failure of the 
 postmaster to properly weigh, rate up, and cancel the postage-stamps 
 upon the mailable matter deposited in his office. The number of post- 
 offices so deprived of these facilities for postal business is estimated at 
 10,000, and at these offices such stamps as are used have been paid for 
 by the postmaster. 
 
 The Postmaster-General having called the attention of Congress to 
 .this matter, an appropriation of $35,000 was made at the last session 
 for the purpose of partially remedying it, and already under the law 
 about 8i0 fourth-class offices have been supplied "with the necessary 
 implements for canceling stamps and weighing and postmarking mail 
 matter," the limit being the value of $5 to each office. Itemized, this 
 expense is about as follows: 
 
 Scales §2 80 
 
 Stamp 70 
 
 Pad J... GO 
 
 Ink 40 
 
 Total 4 59 
 
 The above appropriation for this purpose will therefore supply about 
 7,000 post-offices, and it is with a view of furnishing the remaining 3,000 
 with these implements, and also supplying all new offices with these 
 materials, that the increase of $10,000 is in part asked for. Postmas- 
 ters at many of the larger offices also frequently request to be furnished 
 ^vith new marking and rating stamps, in consequence of the old ones 
 ;having become damaged or inaccurate. Ordinarily these stamps have 
 Jto be renewed in all offices after from two to four years' use.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 837 
 
 The following were the estimates, ap])ropriations, and expenditures 
 for these items for tlie two past fiscal years : 
 
 Tstitnatcfl 
 
 Appropriations. 
 Kxpenditures... 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 $10. 000 00 
 8,000 00 
 7,997 80 
 
 1881-'82. Increase. 
 
 Per cent 
 lO.OOO'lX) , 25.03 
 
 $10,000 00 
 
 10, 000 00 2:>. 00 
 
 Tbe appropriation for these articles for the current fiscal year is 
 $lo,000, or 50 per cent, more than for the previous one, and it is like- 
 wise 50 per cent, more than the expenditures for the past year, which 
 exceeded those of the fiscal year 1880-'81 in the sum of $2,002.20, or 
 25.03 per cent. 
 
 In my remarks above in connection with a largely increased estimate 
 for the articles of marking and rating stamps, I have substantially as- 
 signed reasons why a much larger ai)i>i-opriation should also be made 
 for letter-balances, scales, and test- weights. I therefore consider further 
 explanation unnecessary for submitting an estimate of 825,000 for these 
 items. This is an increase of $10,000, or 06»j per cent., over the present 
 appropriation, and, in my opinion, is fully justified by the benefit ex- 
 pected to be conferred upon the department if it shall be given. 
 
 INK FOE STAMPING AND CANCELING PV EPOSES. 
 
 This item has not been before included in the regular estimates. 
 
 In pursuance of the policy adopted at the last session of Congress 
 with reference to fourth-class offices, alluded to above in my estimate 
 for marking and rating stamps, I am of the opinion that it should here- 
 after be annually mentioned as necessary. In order, therefore, that i)ost- 
 offices now denied this article at departmental expense may be supi>lied 
 therewith, I have to suggest that $10,000 be asked for this item for the 
 next fiscal year. 
 
 In this connection I desire to say, that of the many articles u.sed by 
 postmasters in the transaction of their business, none is of c<un])ara- 
 tively more value in its relations to the revenue of the depiu-tment than 
 ink for stami)ing and canceling purjKtses. Unless it is of suj>erior 
 <luaUty, and uniformly used, many iru'gularities must occur in postal 
 matters, and the proceeds of the sales of many stamps must be neutral- 
 ized by their imiH'rfect cancellation. 1 am aware that the matter of 
 procuring an ink suitable in color, and at the same time indelible, an<l 
 furnishing it without expenye to all postma^stcrs for use in their postal 
 business, has been many times under consideration by the department. 
 Postmasters at first and second class offices have found it absolutely 
 necessary to u.so the lK\st f|uality of ink they could procure, and their 
 returns for the exjjense of the same have been made and allowed in 
 their quarterly accounts. Postmasters at many other offices have been 
 in the habit of lurnishing, at their own expense, stamping ink of various 
 colors and grades, whicii in many instances have not proved at. all suit- 
 able for the ]>urpose. Un<ler these circumstances I consider that if 
 Congress would give its attention to this matter, ami authorise the Post- 
 raaster-{Teiieral to «'\peud a suitable auionnt of money for the purchase 
 of a proper ink for canceling piuposor>, to be used iu all post-offices, .such
 
 838 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 action would bo of inestimable benefit to the department. I hope that 
 you will take occasion to rocoinuiend that this be done. 
 
 PADS FOR STAMPING AND CANCELING PURPOSES^. 
 
 This item has not before been estimated for in the nsual manner. The 
 provision made for their i)urchase at fourth-class offices, referred to 
 under the head of marking and rating stamps, necessitates an estimate 
 for them for the next fiscal year. I suggest that $10,000 be appro- 
 priated for these articles, as they are a necessary accompaniment 
 wherever stamping ink is used for canceling purposes. 
 
 DEPARTMENTAL PRINTING, BINDING, ETC. 
 
 The estimate for this item for the next fiscal year has been prepared 
 in this office, and forwarded by the Postmaster-General to the Secretary 
 of the Treasury, in accordance with the previous i^ractice. 
 
 DEPARTIMENTAL STATIONERY. 
 
 The estimate for this item has been prepared, and will be addressed, 
 according to custom, to the Postmasfer-General, who will include it in 
 the statement to be submitted by him relative to estimates for other 
 departmental expenses for the next fiscal year. 
 
 The aggregate of the above estimate is, as before stated, $19,369,091.25, 
 which is $2,227,091.25, or 12.99 per cent., more than the appropriations 
 for the current fiscal year. 
 
 A tabular statement, marked E, will be found appended to these esti- 
 mates, giving further information in regard to them. 
 
 SUMjMARY. 
 
 Estimate for 1881-'82, $15,135,000. 
 
 Estimate for 1882-'83, $10,777,000; increase, $1,642,000, or 10.80 per 
 cent. 
 
 Estimate for 1883-'84, $19,369,091.25; increase, $2,592,091.25, or 15.45 
 per cent. 
 
 Appropriation for 1881-'82, $16,257,206.88. 
 
 Appropriations for 1882-'83, $17,142,000; increase, $884,793.12, or 5.44 
 per cent. 
 " Expenditures for 1880-'81, $15,138,650.66. 
 
 Expenditures for 1881-'82, $16,141,035.31; increase, $1,002,384.05, or 
 6.62 per cent. 
 
 In closing the above statement, it is proper to say that unless the 
 original appropriations for the j)ast fiscal year had l3eeu, in some in- 
 stances, considerably increased by subsequent legislation during the 
 last session of Congress, the postal business, so far as the allowances 
 of this bureau for the service are concerned, could not have been con 
 ducted so satisfactorily as it has been. I hope that an equally liberal 
 spirit will be manifested by Congress in the consideration of the present 
 estimates, and that there will be no hesitation among the members of 
 that body in doing ail that seems reasonable and proper to aid in pro- 
 moting the etlicieucy of the postal service by granting the eularged 
 appropriation asked for. 
 Yery respectfully, 
 
 FRANK HATTON, 
 FirsUAssistant Postmaster- General. 
 Hon. T. O. Howe, 
 Postmaiit&rji.GsimJil.
 
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 840 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING TlfK 
 
 D. 
 
 PostOffice Department, 
 Office of the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, 
 
 Washwgton, IK C, October 18, 1882. 
 Sir : I beg leave to submit estimates of amounts required for the 
 trauspOrtation of mails and items incident thereto for the fiscal year 
 ending June 30, 1884, in answer to your note of the 2d instant. 
 
 • star service. 
 
 The cost of star service for the year ending 30th June, 1882, was 
 $5,553,849, which is $1,403,506 less than the cost on the 30th June, 
 1881, being' a reduction of more than 20 per cent. 
 
 The reletting of the service in the Pacific section for the contract term 
 commencing July 1, 1882, has resulted in a very large reduction in the 
 cost of this service comY>are<l with the cost on June 30, 1882, sufficient, 
 in the opinion of this office, to cover the cost of a liberal service on 
 star routes for the present year and also for the ensuing year. The 
 estimate for this item for 1884 is set down at $5,500,000. 
 
 steA]mboat service. 
 
 The cost of the steamboat service on the 30th June, 1882, was $574,019, 
 a decrease compared with the cost for the previous year of $179,148. 
 The requirements of the public may involve additional steamboat 
 service, and it is deemed expedient to estimate the cost for 1884 at 
 $700,000. 
 
 mail-messenger service. 
 
 The cost of mail-messenger service for the year ending June 30, 1882, 
 was $724,207, or equivalent to $7.20 for every mile of railroad service. 
 Upon the same basis the cost for 1884 will be $850,000, and the estimate 
 is placed at this sum. 
 
 RAILROAD service. 
 
 The cost of railroad transportation on the 30th of June, 1882, (audited 
 statement), was $10,248,515, and new service remaining unjiaid at the 
 same date amounted to 3,464 miles, which will probably involve an 
 additional expenditure of $125,000, making tlie total cost about 
 $ 10,373,515, which is $830,360 more than the cost to June 30, 1881. The 
 increase in the mileage and rates of pay for the current fiscal year is 
 not estimated for at as great a rate of increase as is shown between 
 1882 and 1881, for reasons that were explained in the last annual 
 report, hence the appropriation for the present year is fixed at 
 $11,130,000. The reasons which formed the basis of that appropriation 
 will not apply for the ensuing year, consequently the estimated rate of 
 increase is somewhat greater. The appropriation for 1883, $11,130,000, 
 is accepteil as the sum nearest to that which will be needed for 1884, 
 and $870,000 added for increase of rates on old routes, and for new 
 service, making a total of $12,000,000, which is 7.81 per cent, over the 
 appropriation for 1883, and a little more than 14 per cent, over the 
 cost and estimate for new service for 1882.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 841 
 
 RAILWAY POST-OFFICE CARS. 
 
 The increased cost of the railway post-office service for 1882 over 
 1S81 was $100,000. The ai)i)roi)riatibn for the present year is $l.oL>G,0(M). 
 It is estimated that $100,000 in addition to that service, or .Sl.G2(),000, 
 will be sufficient for this item for 1884. 
 
 SPECIAL FACILITIES. 
 
 The appropriation for "special facilities " on the fp^at lines for tke 
 current year is $600,000. It is not clear that the discoiitinuiHice of the 
 service secured by this expenditure would not result in injury to the 
 puljjlic, and for this reason I suji:gest that a like sum, $000,000, be 
 api)r<)priated for this item for 1884. 
 
 MAIL equip:\ient. 
 
 The expenditures for Miail-baos, mail-oatchers, and mail locks and 
 keys, and the necessary repair of the same, absorbed the en tin* appro- 
 priation for these items, $200,000 and $25,000, for the year ending; Jun«* 
 30, 1882. The rapid extension of the radroad system, the iucreased 
 frequency of mails on railroad routes, and the large number of i)ost- 
 offices established on such lines render an increase in ajjproprifitlon 
 necessary for 1884. The estimate is therefore placed for mail bikgs and 
 maU-catchers at $220,000; mail locks and keys, $20,000. 
 
 RAILWAY POSTAL CLERKS. 
 
 The amount provided for railway i)ostal clerks for the current year, 
 by act July oL, 1882, is $371,000. The rate of increase for the past six 
 years has been 7.20 i)er cent. Kstiiniitini^'the cost upon the same basis, 
 the amount required for 1884 will be $3,077,120. 
 
 REf ' \PITIL ATION. 
 
 For star sorvico S-'), ri<X(, 000 
 
 For st^ainlioat service 7(X), 0<KI 
 
 For railroiwi service I'J, (K)0, 00(i 
 
 For railway ixtHt-otliccs l,0"i«i,<HiO 
 
 For KjKjcial facilities (XK), LMKi 
 
 Fof fiiaii-iucsseuger service .•n>0. 000 
 
 For iiiail-l>a;;s and mail-catchent _. 2"?0, CmiO 
 
 For mail locks an<l keys *i<), (KH' 
 
 For railway juistal clerks »5. •'"7, 1'-W 
 
 For uiis(t;lhineoiis iteruH 1, WU 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Kirn'D A. ET.MF.H, 
 Second Afisi.stant l^ohlinujftvr ijcnend. 
 
 Hon. A. D. TTazf-x, 
 
 Third Aasintaul ruiit)na!itci (jciivnil.
 
 842 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 E. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF ESTIMATES OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE OFFICE 
 OP THE TUIRD ASSISTANT POSTMASTER-GENERAL FOR THE FISCAL 
 YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1884. 
 
 I.— ADHESIVE POSTAGE STAMPS. 
 
 For manufacture of ordinary postage stamps, of official stamps, of news- 
 paper and iieriodical stamps, and of postage-due stamps $130, 000 00 
 
 The number of these stamps issued during the fiscal year ended June 30, 
 
 1882, vras 1,130,470,088 
 
 Add 12 per cent, for increase 135,65(5,410 
 
 • 
 
 Gives estimated issue for fiscal year ending June 30, 1883 1,266, 126,498 
 
 Add 12 per cent, for increase, as before 151, 9:35, 179 
 
 Gives estimated number required for fiscal year ending Jane 30, 1884.. 1, 418, 061, 677 
 
 Cost of manufacturing that number at present contract price, 9.19 cents 
 per thousand $130,319 86 
 
 The increase in the number of adhesive stamps of all Icinds issued 
 during the fiscal year ended on the 30th June last was a little over 17 per 
 cent., but this rate of increase was an abnormal one, due in part to an 
 unusual prosperity in^the business interests of the country, and in part 
 to a special cause which was explained in the report of last year (pp. 
 354 and 361, Eeport of Postmaster-General for 1881). Under ordinary 
 conditions it would hardly be reasonable to expect an annual increase 
 of more than 12 per cent., and accordingly the issues of the last year 
 have been augmented at that rate to arrive at the probable number re- 
 quired for the ensuing fiscal year. The present contract does not expire 
 until the 30th June, 1885, and this estimate has consequently been gov- 
 erned by existing prices. The estimate has, however, been placed in 
 even figures at $130,000. The appropriation for the current year is 
 $109,000 ; but from present indications this amount will hardly be sufiQ- 
 cient to meet the demands of the year. 
 
 II. — POSTAGE-STAMP AGENCY. 
 
 For pay of agent and assistants to distribute stamps, and for expenses of the 
 
 agency §8,100 GO 
 
 This estimate agrees in amount with the appropriation for the present 
 year. 
 
 III.— STAMPED ENVELOPES, NEWSPAPER WRAPPERS, AND LETTER SHEETS. 
 
 For manufacture of stamped envelopes, newspaper wrappers, and letter 
 sheets §632,000 00 
 
 The cost of the stamped envelopes and Tvrappers issued during the fiscal 
 year ended June 30, 1882, at fhe prices in the contract which took eft'ect 
 October 1, 1882, would amount to 477,960 08 
 
 Add 15 per cent, for increase 71,694 01 
 
 Gives estimated cost at same prices for fiscal year ending June 30, 1883.. 549, 654 09 
 Add 15 per cent, for increase, as before 82,448 11 
 
 Gives estimated cost for fiscal year ending June 30, 1884 632, 102 20 
 
 The appropriation for the current year is 547, 000 00 
 
 The actual cost of stamped envelojies and wrappers issued duiiug the 
 last fiscal year was $510,399.45 j but a new contract was entered into for
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 843 
 
 lour years from the 1st of October, 1882, at an average reduction of nearly 
 7 per cent, in previous prices, and the calculations in this estimate have 
 accordingly been made upon the basis of the new prices. The increase 
 in the number of envelopes and wrappers issued durinj; the last fiscal 
 year over that of the previous year was nearly 13 i)er cent.; but as the 
 reduced ]uices are likely to largely augment the demand, allowance has 
 been made for an annual increase of 15 per cent, in the issues. IJy law 
 the cost of procuring stamped envelopes is added to the postage value 
 in tixiug the schedule of prices to the i)ublic, and the expenditure under 
 this head is consequently refunded to the government when the envel- 
 opes are sold. Authority was granted by the sundry civil ai)proiu iation 
 act passed at the late session of Congress to use the appropriation for 
 stamped envelopes for the current year for the inirchase of st^imped 
 letter sheets (combined letter sheet and envelo])e) not previously fur- 
 nished. No arrangements have as yet been made for ju-ocuring these 
 articles, but they may be introduced betbre the close of the year, and 
 in view of that event it is deemed advisable to include them in the esti- 
 mate for stamped envelopes for the coming year. 
 
 IV. — STAMPED-KXVKLOPE AGENCY. 
 
 For pay of agent and assistants to distribute stamped envelopes and news- 
 paper wrappers, ami for expenses of agency $16, 000 00 
 
 This estimate agrees in amount with the appropriation for the present 
 fiscal 'year. 
 
 v.— POSTAL CARDS. 
 
 For manufacture of postal cards J^.'.'?, 000 00 
 
 The total number of postal cards issued during the fiscal year ended 
 
 June :',0, ldS-2,\\a3 3.'')1,498,000 
 
 Add 15 per cent, for increase .VJ, 724, 700 
 
 Gives estimated number for year ending Juno 30, 188:i 4ii4,v.*"i'2. 700 
 
 Add 15 per cent, for increase ilO, lUW, 405 
 
 Gives estimated number for year ending June 30, 1SS4 464, 856, 105 
 
 The cost of manufacturing these articles at the present contract price 
 
 of 54.43 cents per thousand, is $25:1, 0*21 17 
 
 The appropriation for the present fiscal year is '242, 000 OO 
 
 The issue of postal cards has lluctuated Avidely during the past few 
 years. For 1879 the ratio of increase was 10.55 per cent. ; for 1880, 
 22.80 per cent.; for 1881, 13.20 per cent.; and for ]S82, 13.00 i)er cent. 
 It will ])robably be suOicient to allow for an annual increase of 15 i)er 
 cent., as has been done in the foregoing estimate. The present con- 
 tract is for four years, ending on the 30th June, 1885. 
 
 VI.— POSTAI.-CAKl> AGKXCY. 
 
 For pay of agent and assistanta to distribute postal cards, and for ezpensM 
 
 of the agency $7,300 00 
 
 Tliis estimate agrees with the present appropriation. 
 
 VII.— llEGISTEKKD-PACKACi:, POST-OFFICK, AN1> OKAD-LKriKK ENVKLOPK.S. 
 
 For registered-package, post-oQlce, and dead-letter envelopes $140, OtM} 00 
 
 The registered-package envelojies are large manila enveloi>es use«l 
 for inclosing registered letters and other registered matter for safer 
 transmission j the post-ollice envelopes are for the u.se of postmasters iu
 
 ^44 I'APKiiS ACCOMPANY IN'C THE 
 
 their oflicial coiTes])oncleiic(', aixl tlie dead-letter envelopes are used 
 for rotiiininf;' letters from tlic dead-letter office to tlie writers. The coti- 
 tiact for these en\'e!opes i^ awarded ibr one year only, bej^i lining on the 
 1st of July of each year, and ])iesent i)riees therefore afford no abso- 
 lute criterion iu making estimates for future appropriations. The 
 prices for the year ended on the 3()th of June last were unusually low, 
 so that the issues cost only $72,474.53. At the prices in tlfe contract 
 for the present year the same issues would have cost $98,173.83. The 
 total number of these various kinds of envelopes issued during the fis- 
 cal year ended on the 30th of June last was 35,581,550, an increase of 
 0,783,100, or 23.5 per cent., over the issues of the previous year. 
 
 At the same rate of increase for the present and next fiscal years the 
 issues for the year endinp' June 30, 1884, would number 54,269.809, and 
 would cost, on the basis of existing contract prices, $149,737.17. Allow- 
 ing for an increase.of 20 per cent, in the issues, the cost at iiresent prices 
 would amount to $141,370.31. The major portion of the appropriation 
 is expended for envelopes for registry business, and for several years 
 past this service has been increasing very nearly at the rate of 20 per 
 cent, per annum. It is projier to say that the contract for these en- 
 velopes, like that for stamped envelopes, has been awarded to the lowest 
 bidder, after public advertisement, and upon samples furnished by the 
 department. The estimate is placed in even figures at $140,000. The 
 ajfipropriation for the current year is $110,000. 
 
 VIII.— SHIP, STEAMBOAT, AND WAY LETTERS. 
 
 For sliip, steamboat, and way letters $1,500 00 
 
 By law (sections 3913, 3976, 3977, 3978, Eevised Statutes) this appro- 
 priation is necessarj^ for the payment to masters or owners of vessels 
 not regularly engaged in transporting the mails, for letters brought and 
 delivered to post-offices on arrival in port for transmission to destina- 
 tion. The parties receiving the letters are required to pay, in addition to 
 the regular postage, the amounts paid to said masters or owners, which 
 amounts are consequently refunded to the department. The expendi- 
 ture for the last fiscal year was $1,444.38, for 1881 it was $990.95, and 
 for 1880 it was $1,355.51. The appropriation for the current year is 
 $l,500j and the estimate for the next fiscal year is placed at the same 
 figures. 
 
 IX.— ENGRAVING, PRINTING, ^VND BINDING DRAFT,? AND W.VRRANTS, 
 
 For engraving, printing, dud binding drafts and warrants $2, 000 00 
 
 This appropriation is for the purchase of warrants and drafts used 
 for payments to creditors, transfers of funds to and from postmasters, 
 and collections of balances due the department. The warrants and 
 drafts are prepared and furnished by the Bureau of Engraving and Print- 
 ing of the Treasury Department. The expenditure on this account dur- 
 ing the last fiscal year was $1,644.35; and iu view of the manifestly in- 
 creasing needs the estimate for the ensuing year is placed at $2,000. 
 
 X. — AnSCELLANEOUS. 
 
 For miscellaneous items $1,000 00 
 
 This estimate is for the same amount as the approi)riation for the 
 current fiscal year.
 
 REPOKT OF THE POSTMASTER-GKNKRAL. 
 
 84rj 
 
 Comparison of api,roprialioiis for the office of the Third Assislaul rosimasi^r-den&ral lor 
 the year ciulhig June 30, lH^o, with esiimntcf: for the ijenr ending June 30, 1684. 
 
 Items. 
 
 Adhesive postage-stamps 
 
 Postajrc-stamp agency 
 
 Stamped-envelopes and wrappers 
 
 Stamped envelope agency 
 
 Postal cards 
 
 Postal-card agency 
 
 Itegistered-package, post-ofBce, and dead-letter 
 
 envelopes 
 
 Ship, steamboat, and way letters 
 
 Engraving, printing, and binding drafts and 
 
 warrants 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Total 
 
 Amount appro- < Estimate for 
 priated vear I year end- 
 eudinz Jane uig Juno 
 'M, 1883. 30, 1884. 
 
 $100,000 
 
 8,100 
 
 547, 000 
 
 16, 000 
 
 242, 000 
 
 7,300 
 
 110, 000 
 1,500 
 
 1,500 
 1,000 
 
 1, 043, 400 
 
 $130, 000 
 
 8,100 
 
 ft?2, 0(X) 
 
 16,000 
 
 253, 000 
 
 7,300 
 
 140,000 
 1,500 
 
 2,000 
 1,000 
 
 Increase of estimates. 
 
 AmooDt. I Percent. 
 
 121,000 
 
 l,190,'J<Jo I 147,500 
 
 18.2+ 
 
 85,000 
 
 15. 5-1- 
 
 11.000 
 
 4.5-)- 
 
 30.000 
 
 2T.2-r 
 
 500 
 
 33.3. 
 
 14.1-f 
 
 Respectfully submitted to the Postmaster-General. 
 
 A. D. HAZEN, 
 Third Assutunt FosimaslerGena-al. 
 
 Office of TfltKD Assistant Postsiaster-General, 
 
 Octoher 23, 1882, 
 
 F. 
 
 Post-Office Department, 
 Office of Foreign Mails, 
 Washington, I). C, Octoher 13, 1882. 
 
 Sir: Eefermig to your letter of the 2d instant, 1 have the honor to 
 inform you that the amounts estimated as required to Ue anprojjriated 
 for the foreign mail service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, are 
 as follows : 
 
 For transportation of mails $;ioO, 000 (.mi 
 
 For balance due foreij^n conntries, inclnding the United States' portion of 
 the expenses of the lutemational Bureau of the Universal Postal Union, 
 ■and the subscription of the department for the monthly journal (L'Union 
 J'ostale) of that bureau IX), 000 W 
 
 ' Total 4I0,00t1 oo 
 
 I am, verv respectfully, vour obedient servant, 
 
 JOSEPH II. r.LACKFAN, 
 
 Siipr) inUndiint oj Jiorcujn Maih. 
 Hon. A. J). IlAZEN, 
 
 Third Assistant I'ostmaster- General.
 
 846 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 REPORT OF THE FIRST ASSISTANT POSTMASTER- 
 
 GENERAL. 
 
 Post-Office Departjient, 
 Office of First Assistant I^ostbtaster-General, 
 
 Waslmujton, J). C, October 30, 1883. 
 
 Sir : The past fiscal year was notable for the transaction of a larger 
 amount of business in every division of this bureau than in any pre- 
 ceding year. The number of ofiices established, the number of cases 
 acted upon, and the number of letters and petitions received, indorsed, 
 answered, and filed were considerably in excess of those of any pre- 
 vious year, and give indication not only of the remarkable development 
 of the country, but of the eagerness with which postal facilities are 
 sought for as the population increases and expands. The disposition 
 of this office to aid the public in granting their requests for new offices, 
 or for enlarged and better opportunities for postal business, has been 
 such that probably less dissatisfaction has been experienced by appli- 
 cants during the past year than for any other similar period. 
 
 The following statements constitute a summary of the work performed 
 in each division of the bureau; but it is well known that no such pre- 
 sentations can convey an accurate idea of the amount of work disposed 
 of, on account of the very large part which would hardly admit of clas- 
 sification : 
 
 POST-OFFICES ESTABLISHED AND POSTMASTERS APPOINTED. 
 
 Number of offices established during tbe year 3, 166 
 
 Number discontinued 1,447 
 
 Increase -- 1,719 
 
 Number in operation Juno 30, 1881 — 44,512 
 
 Number in operation June 30, 1882 46,231 
 
 Number filled by appointment of the President 1,951 
 
 Number filled by appointment of the Postmaster-General 44,280 
 
 Appointments were made during the year — 
 
 On resignations and commissions expired 7, 346 
 
 On removals 1, 021 
 
 On change of name and sites 349 
 
 On deaths of postmasters 461 
 
 On establishment of new jjost-offices 3, 166 
 
 Total appointments 12,343 
 
 Number of cases acted upon during the year 14, 340 
 
 APPOINTMENT DIVISION. 
 
 Number of cases of all kinds made up 14,760 
 
 Number of cases acted upon affirmatively - 14, 3-10 
 
 Number of cases declined 525 
 
 Number of queries sent out affecting the establishment, discontinuance, &c., 
 
 of post-offices 6,443 
 
 Number of circulars of inquiry, &c., mailed 33,785 
 
 Number of letters written 3, 251 
 
 Number of cases referred to other bureaus of the department or to corre- 
 spondents for information 18, 001 
 
 Number of Presidential cases acted iipon 826 
 
 Number of officers placed in charge of sureties on account «f death of post- 
 master or for other causes • ♦ 226 
 
 Number of letters, petitions, and other papers received, indorsed, and filed. 116,732 
 
 Number of clerks in the division 13 
 
 It became necessary during the past year, in consequence of the in- 
 crease of the business of this division, to enlarge its force by the
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 847 
 
 addition of tvro clerks, so that its employ(?s now number thirteen. 
 Their salaries have also been so far equalized that, with the exception 
 of the principal clerk and one other, they are all of the third claas. 
 
 BOND DIVISION. 
 
 The increase of work in this division during the past year was uni- 
 formly steady, and at the same time indicative in many respects of the 
 prevalence of more intelligence and ai)titude for business among those 
 appointed as postmasters. While more bonds were sent out to post- 
 office inspectors for investigation, fewer were returned than last year as 
 insufficient. A smaller number of bonds were also returned to post- 
 masters for correction than for some years; and, though the number of 
 money-order offices established during the year was considerably larger 
 than for any other similar period, greater promptitude in the execution 
 of the necessary papers by the postmasters has never been shown. 
 
 The following summary exhibits the principal features of the work 
 performed : 
 
 Number of entries made upon the books of the division 49, 737 
 
 Number of cases received for which appointment and other papers were mailed. 14, 'X\0 
 
 Number of circulars sent calling for the execution of new bonds 1,;J<14 
 
 Number of surety circulars sent to chief post-office inspector for rei)ort 1, 750 
 
 Number of blank assistant and clerks' oaths sent by request of postmasters. . . 9, 720 
 
 Number of new bonds sent by request of postmasters 413 
 
 Number of new bonds sent by request of the Third Assistant Postmaster-Gen- 
 eral for increase of penalty 2J?<i 
 
 Number of new bonds sent for establishment of new money-order oftices 501) 
 
 Number of circulare sent to sureties who requested to be released from bonds. 402 
 Number of letters received from sureties requesting to be released as bonds- 
 men 4;Vi 
 
 Number of cases in which post-office inspectors recommend now bonds tO 
 
 Number of circulars sent to sureties notifying them of postmasters' failure to 
 
 deposit or pay contractors 1,379 
 
 Number of new bonds received 1, 4^7 
 
 Number of reports received from post-oflice inspectors on validity of honds ... 1, t>7r> 
 Number of postmasters', assistant postmasters', and clerks' oaths received, in- 
 dorsed, and filed 2T,r>-lO 
 
 Number of bonds and oaths returned for correction 2, Wl 
 
 Number of bonds examined and passed for commissions 11,978 
 
 Number of bonds filed 12, H'<it 
 
 Number of corrections in postmasters' names reported to corresponding clerks. 1 . 02r» 
 
 Number of commissions mailed to postmasters 11,97H 
 
 Number of letters written ;$;"»0 
 
 Number of cases reported to report clerk 14,340 
 
 Number of established ca^os reported to Blank Agency 3, U>() 
 
 Number of Presidential cases for which appointnu-nt papers were forwarded.. rt2<) 
 
 Number of circulars sent fo postmasters accompanyingnew bonds 2,249 
 
 Number of circulars sent calling for the execution and return of new niouej'- 
 
 order bonds 4.'>0 
 
 Number of circulai"H sent for appointmonta, establisbmentf*, change of namivt, 
 
 and sites, and discontinuances 22, 408 
 
 Number of copies of jxtsf ill laws and regulations forwarded 3, '.•.'i7 
 
 Number of new Itouds sent to postmasters on report of post-ofllco inspoctorii .. HO 
 
 Number of clerks in tlio division .^. 13 
 
 The increased amount of wofIc in this division necessitated a partial 
 rearrangement of the clerical force during the year. The duties of each 
 clerk were made somewhat more s]>ecirie, and the elianges liavi>, jtrovetl 
 to be very beiielieial. The hibor of tlui division is now |)ei(brnifd moi-e 
 acceptably than at any ])revious time, and with more con\enieuee to the 
 clerks of other jiortions of tlie depart metit who have occasion to refer to 
 the records of tlie division. 
 
 Accompanying this report will Ite found tables marked A and B, giv- 
 ing additional information concerning the operations of the appointment 
 and bond divisions.
 
 848 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 THE FREE DELIVERY SYSTEM. 
 
 Tljis system employed diuinj? the year 3,115 letter-carriers in 112 of 
 tlie principal cities, being an increase of 254 carriers and of 3 free de- 
 livery offices, viz : Augusta, Me., Burlington, Vt., and Concord, N. H. 
 
 The total amount appropriated (inoludiug a special appropriation of 
 $25,000) was $2,625,000 against $2,500,000 ior the preceding year. The 
 total cost of the service was $2,023,262.74, leaving $1,736.26. 
 
 The increased cost of the service as compared with the preceding 
 year was $123,351.20. 
 
 POSTAGE ON LOCAL MATTER. 
 
 The aggi'egate postage on local matter at all the free delivery offices 
 was $3,816,576.09, being $542,945.70 more than for the previous year, and 
 $1,193,316.45 more than the cost of the service ; a per centum increase 
 in postage on local matter of 16.50, and 4.93 increase in the cost of the 
 service. 
 
 The average cost per piece of handling matter was 2.3 mills, a de- 
 crease of one-tenth of a mill as compared with the preceding year. The 
 average cost per carrier (computed on pay of carriers and incidental 
 expenses) was $835.75, a decrease of $37.79. 
 
 It should be observed in this connection that the expenses are com- 
 pared with the postage on local matter alone, which constitutes only 
 about 33 per cent, of the matter handled by carriers, and that while 
 frequent deliveries and colleotions, affording means of speedy receipts 
 and reply to letters, largely increase local correspondence in populous 
 centers, they no doubt increase the number of mail letters as weU, 
 for which this service receives no credit. These facilities preclude com- 
 petition from private enterprises and lead the bulk of correspctodence 
 into the post-office. Large private express companies, through which 
 local correspondence was principally carried on in l!few York and Phil- 
 adelphia, when this service was established, and for several years after- 
 wards, have been discontinued by reason of the greater and cheaper 
 facilities afforded by this mode of delivery. 
 
 While this service meets the general demands of business and social 
 life, it falls short of meeting the urgency required in cases of emergencj;^ 
 and hence has grownup the American Messenger Service in our princi- 
 pal cities, which dispatches letters on the instant by boys employed for 
 the purpose at small compensation. This competition can only be met 
 by using the same means and methods. As these companies are becom- 
 ing more formidable year by year, and hence it must be assumed that 
 their business is remunerative, it is recommended that steps be taken to 
 procui^e the necessary legislation, and that the experiment be tried in 
 in one of the large cities. Should it prove successful it may then be 
 extended to other cities. 
 
 Additional information concerning the operations of the free delivery 
 division will be found in the table marked C, appended to this report. 
 
 SALARY AND ALLOWANCE DIVISION. 
 
 BIENNIAL ADJUSTMENT OP THE SALARIES OF PRESIDENTIAL POSTMASTERS. 
 
 In accordance with the law the biennial adjustment of the salaries of 
 Presidential postmasters, or postmasters at offices of the first, second, 
 'and third classes, was made ujjon the basis of the business at their re- 
 spective offices for the four quarters ended March 31, 1882, the salaries 
 being fixed to take effect from July 1, 1883.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 849 
 
 Two thousand and twelve adjustments were made, an increase of two 
 hundred and forty -eight, or 14 per cent., as compared with the previous 
 adjustment. 
 
 These returns, coming- from postmasters from all parts of the Union, 
 showed a very gratifying and general increase of business, especially in 
 the West and South; and the additional sum necessary to i)ay the in- 
 creased salaries of postmasters, including three hundred an<l thirty-live 
 special adjustments made during the year, amounts to >foG3,46o, or 
 18.14 per cent, more than last year. 
 
 Work done and amounts allowed in the salary and allowance division during the year. 
 
 Items fiscal year 1881-1882. 
 
 Nunilier. Amounts. 
 
 Number of letters received 
 
 Number of letters written 
 
 Number of circular letters sent out 
 
 Number of allowances for clerk hire made 
 
 Number of allowanccH for clerk hire ileclinetl 
 
 Number of allowances for rent, fuel, and lifiht made 
 
 Number of allowances for rent, fuel, and li^ht declined 
 
 Nnmber of allowances for miecellaneous itt-ms made 
 
 Number of allowances for misi (llaneous items declined 
 
 Number of allowances for furniture ma<lo 
 
 Number of allowances for furniture declined 
 
 Number of allowancea for stationery made 
 
 Number of allowances foi- stationery declined 
 
 Number of allowauc<'S for atlvertiainj;, third and fourth quarters of 1882 
 
 Number of case? sent to chief special ajjent for infoimatiou ! 
 
 Numljer of postmasters' salaries read,ju8ted i 
 
 Number of fourth-claws oflices reported by the Auditor where the annual com- j 
 
 pensation of the postmaster amounted to $1,000, exclusive of commissions ' 
 
 ou money-order business 
 
 Number oif fourth-class oflices assigned to the third class 
 
 Number of cases made special 
 
 Miscellaneous : 
 
 Discontiuued rent 
 
 Disc/ontinued cledc hire 
 
 s r<Triiate<l to the fourth class 
 
 Presidential oilici- 
 
 Number of lease c««ea prepared 
 
 Number of leases in operation 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Kent, li^ht, and fuel 
 
 Furniture 
 
 Stationery 
 
 Average unmber of employes 
 
 C.SOC ' 
 
 7,:it>8 ' 
 
 13..W;i 
 
 2. 'J80 «3, 008, 396 00 
 
 1,694 
 
 490 401,978 04 
 
 171 
 
 3,177 68,594 7(! 
 
 85.1 I 
 
 •J.">8 I 20. 710 04 
 
 244 ' 
 
 2,628 56,517 28 
 
 918 
 
 21 5,990 50 
 
 180 ' 
 
 2,542 ""*563," 400 66 
 
 192 i 
 
 U5 I 
 
 787 ' 
 
 5 I 910 00 
 
 17 ! 370 40 
 
 a 
 
 3:i ' 
 
 313 ' 
 
 29 2.486 n 
 
 26 6,091 00 
 
 8 .313 25 
 
 15 131 47 
 
 4 
 
 'Increase as compared with past fiscal year. 
 
 In addition to the above a largo amount of routine and special work 
 was performed duving the year. 
 
 This is one of the most important divi.sion.s of tlii.s (dlicc, and among 
 the duties assigned to it are the supervision and the adjn.stment of the 
 salaries of Presidential i)ostmasters, or postma.stcr.s at oniccs of the first, 
 second, and third classes; the examination of the (piartcrly returns or 
 accounts of the said postmasters before they are liiially passed by the 
 Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Onice Department; the consider- 
 ation of applications for allowances for cleric hire, rent, fuel, light, sta- 
 tionery, furniture, ami inis(u'llaneous exi>en<litnres, and also the adjust- 
 ment and regulation of the salari<'s and dutit's ot' th«> clerical ft)rces 
 necessary for tlie juoper transaction of the postal hiLsiness in the larger 
 offices. 
 
 I have endeavored dining the jiast year to increase the efficiency of 
 this division, and extend its oix'iations to some details in ])ost-oiliee 
 matters proi)erly within its sphere, but to which attention had not liere- 
 tofore been .syst<'niatically directed. This has been paiticnhiily the case 
 in the matter of revenues derived from box-rents. 1 found the metho«l 
 of collecting and accounting lor such moneys very imperfect, owing 
 
 54 Ab
 
 850 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 largely to the indifferoncc and carelessness of a large number of post- 
 masters in making returns for the same; and in order to correct this 
 evil a new system has been adopted, Avhicli was put into operation July 
 1 last. Under the new system each postmaster at offices of the first, 
 second, and third classes is furnished with a small book, with necessary 
 blank receipts with stubs to correspond, and when a box or drawer is 
 rented the renter receives a receipt for the amount paid for the same, 
 and the stub, when filled out and returned with the sworn statement of 
 the postmaster at the end of the quarter, serves to show to the Auditor 
 the name of the person renting the box or drawer, the number, and the 
 amount of rent i^aid for it, and the tiuie for which it was rented. This 
 plan is in my opinion a great improvement upon the old one, and it has 
 already been found to work advantageously both to the patrons of the 
 offices and the department, and therefore an increase in the revenue 
 from this source may reasonably be expected in the near future. 
 
 A more difficult matter in this connection I have found to be the 
 perfecting of an arrangement or scheme by which the box-rents at the 
 larger offices shall be adjusted or equalized so as not to do injustice to 
 the patrons nor deprive the department of a proper equivalent for the 
 benefits extended; and I hope, in a short time, to find a solution of the 
 matter which will give satisfaction in each city, and, at the same time, 
 materially contribute to an increase of the receipts from this source. 
 Heretofore this matter has been left to the discretion of the postmasters, 
 with only a partial supervision of the department. 
 
 As you well know, a great difficulty has always been experienced in 
 regulating the different allowances, especially for clerical services, in 
 many of the larger offices, so that no injustice would be done to any of 
 them; and the business of receiving and dispatching the mails would, 
 at the same time, be properl}^ performed. 
 
 During the past year, in order to overcome this difficulty, whicli ig 
 greatly increased in consequence of the unexampled growth of postal 
 business at many of these offices, and the consequent necessity for ad- 
 ditional allowances for clerk hire in them, you directed the formation 
 of a commission, to be composed of individuals experienced in postal 
 matters, which should visit the post-offices of the principal cities in 
 the North, East, and "West, for the purpose of examining, among other 
 things, into their arrangements for the dispatch of business, and also 
 the necessity for present and future allowances for clerical service. 
 
 The duties of the commission were performed under my direction, 
 and, it aftbrds me pleasure to state, with the most satisfactory results. 
 The commission found an inequality in the salaries paid in the different 
 offices for the same class of work. It was also found that salaries were 
 fixed with a view to the parties holding positions, and not with a view 
 to the duties and services attaching to the places. In many of these 
 cases the salaries were considered too high; and, in order to do justice 
 to the overworked and underpaid employes, reasonable reduction was 
 recommended, and, in a few cases where places were found to be mere 
 sinecures, they were abolished altogether, the total amount of such 
 reductions in the eight post-offices visited being $54,530. In many in- 
 stances, also, the salaries of industrious and valuable employes were 
 increased to correspond with the importance of the work performed by 
 them.
 
 EEPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 851 
 LEASE DESK. 
 
 Tho specific work of the clerk assigned to this desk for the past year 
 may be summarized as follows: 
 
 Number of leases prepared 33 
 
 Nnmber of letters written tJOC 
 
 Number of cases referred to the chief post-oflice inspector for investigation and 
 
 report 88 
 
 Number of (puries relative to tbo leasing of buildings for post-oflices and sta- 
 tions sent out 3Q 
 
 Number of post-oflice leases, including leases for stations, in operation in the 
 largo cities 3i;{ 
 
 Much other clerical service was also performed by this clerk, uamely, 
 for the salary and allowance division. 
 
 In accordance with law no allowance is made for rent excei)t at offices 
 of the first and second classes. Since 1 took char^^c of (he bnreau I have 
 given the matter of leasing buildings lor i)ost-oflices my most careful 
 attention, and endeavored in every case to procure the most suitable 
 and central buildings, with the best e<iuipments, ujmn the most favor- 
 able terms. I considered this due to the citizens of the communities in 
 which the oflices are situated, and also incumbent ujjon tlie department 
 as a matter of policy if nothing more; for where the department con- 
 trols the building, the patrons of the oflice, of course, expect superior 
 mail facilities, and, as a rule, generally manifest their appreciation of 
 such favors by more liberally i)atronizing the lock boxes and drawers 
 
 The allowances made for this purpose during the past year were 
 probably greater than for any previous year, as, during that period, at 
 least a dozen buildings have been handsomely and thoroughly fitted up 
 aild leased by the department for post-ofTices, thus affording, in many 
 instances, accommodations equal to those found in l»uildings erected 
 and furnished by the government in cities of the same size. 
 
 In my opinion the department should encourage; the people, where 
 practicable, to ofler first-class buildings for post-oflices. 
 
 DIVISION OF POSTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 
 
 The following is a summary of work performed in this division: 
 
 Number of letters written to postmasters and to private individuals involv- 
 ing decisions under postal regulations aiul laws during tho past liscal 
 year 8,541 
 
 Number of telegrams ordering tlio forwarding of letters to ofilco of First 
 Assistant PostmaHtor-General, where they are to bo lu'Id pending investi- 
 gation as U) whether the facts wouhl justify their delivery to tho writer. IJCG 
 
 Number of new.siiiiiiei.s and magazines eliiiiuiiig tlie right to admission as 
 
 secoud-cIasH matter tliafc have been examined anil admitted or r<'Je<ted.. 3,140 
 
 Number of rulings made under postal regulations and statutes whieh were 
 of such general interest to postmasters and tho public as to require their 
 publication in tho Postal Guide 3&3 
 
 Amount of money collected from ptiblishers of seeond-olass matter for %io- 
 lation of law in inclosing third-class matter in second-class publications. $1,733 55 
 
 This collection was made through the oflice of the Third Assistant, 
 Postmaster-General, upon investigations made in this oflice. 
 
 The increase during the first (inarter of the present fisctU year over 
 the corresponding quarter of the preceding year in the corresiiondence 
 of this ofdce was eomethiug over -10 per cent. During tho mouths of
 
 852 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING TITE 
 
 January, ]^'el)rnary, and Mardi last, the correspondence indieated an 
 averaj;e of 113,0(10 letters durln^^ tlie i)resent year. When it is eonsidered 
 that every letter written in this division involves an examination to 
 ascertain exact questions submitted, and the careful ])reparation of an 
 answer that is in entire conlbrmity with all other rulinf;s which may 
 have been sent to any other i)Ostmaster or private individual upon the 
 same subject, some idea may be formed of the labor involved. 
 
 The classification of printed matter is one of the most difiScult and 
 delic^ate duties assigned to this division. It is recognized that the law 
 favors the circulation of legitimate newspapers as a means of education, 
 paying for their transportation and distribution largely from the public 
 treasury, but that it is not the policy of the statute to authorize the 
 transportation at the public expense of publications which are intended 
 to promote the general business in which the owners of such publica- 
 tions may be engaged, outside of their legitimate business as publishers. 
 It is also recognized that newspapers cannot exist if deprived of their 
 legitimate local advertising, and that every business which seeks to 
 reach the public through pul3lications whose main purpose is to attract 
 attention to the bnsiness interests of the publishers, takes away from 
 the legitimate newspaper this patronage, without which it cannot sus- 
 tain itself, even aided by the liberality of the government in the matter 
 of transportation. The efforts, therefore, in this office have been per- 
 sistent in endeavoring to exclude from second-class rates all publica- 
 tions which under the guise of a newspaper are primarily designed for 
 private advertising purposes. 
 
 The responsibility which must be assumed in acceding to telegraphic 
 requests from the waiters of letters for their return before delivery is 
 jio slight matter. Such letters, where the telegraphic request is indorsed 
 by the postmaster at the office of mailing, upon evidence submitted in 
 full, are ordered from the post-office of destination to be forwarded to 
 this office, where they are held pending the evidence which has been 
 already considered by the local postmaster, and which again passes 
 under careful consideration here before the destination of the letter is 
 determined. 
 
 It is believed that the sums of money collected for -violation of the 
 law forbidding the inclosure of matter of higher rate in second-class 
 matter has done much to secure compliance with the statute. The send- 
 ing out of handbills in newspapers is not only a direct violation of the 
 statute, but is believed to deprive the publications in which they are 
 inclosed of much of their legitimate advertising. 
 
 A matter of exceeding difficulty is the large number of cases pre- 
 sented, where the same correspondence is claimed by different persons. 
 Such claims are i^resented where disputes arise as to thjd legal occu- 
 pants of an office where an officer of one corporation, having been re- 
 moved irom office or having resigned, has accepted a like position in 
 another corporation; where firms have made assignments with or with- 
 out special stipulations as to delivery (conditional or unconditional) of 
 their correspondence to their assignees; where receivers have been ap- 
 pointed by courts; where persons of similar names reside in the same 
 locality; where business firms have dissolved, or their assets have been 
 sold under execution. In these and many other cases that miglit be 
 mentioned, especially where correspondence addressed to banks is thus 
 in dispute, not only the utmost care must be taken to preserve the 
 rights of the parties asserting their claims, but promptness on the part 
 of this office in expressing its opinion becomes essential, the value of 
 the inclosures within the correspondence depending thereon.
 
 REPORT 01' VnH. POSTMABTER-OENERAL. 853 
 
 The increase of the ^vork of this ottieo is in sticii a laiio as wiii lojulci- 
 the present corps of clerks entirely unable to successfully and i)romptly 
 dispose of it. 
 
 This large increase in correspondence is due, in my Judginent, ciiirlly 
 to the distribution of the Othc-ial Postal (Inide monthly to postmasti-rs. 
 and the rulings and instructions thus i»hiccd bi-fore tliem have excited 
 an interest in the postal service and secured not only the exercise of 
 enlightened intelligence in the discharge of the, duties of their otlice, 
 but a care to report all failures on the part of other oUicials. The rev- 
 enues have been very largely increased by tlie earnestness of post- 
 masters in collecting the postage fixed by law, and their desire for the 
 proper administration of their offices is exhibited in the constant pre- 
 sentation of new questions as they arise. 
 
 There are at present but four clerks in the division, over which the 
 Law Clerk of the department is placed in general charge by direction of 
 the Postmaster-General. I respectfully recommend that there be add«!d 
 to this division a chief, with a salary at least of $2,250 per annum. There 
 is a class of correspondence which one holding such a position could 
 satisfactorih" discharge without special previous training as a lawyer, 
 and it may be possible with such additional force to discharge the duties 
 of this division during the coming year. 
 
 It is a satisfaction that, with all the decisions which have been made 
 aliecfing i)ersonal rights and the classilication of pul)lieations, no post- 
 master in obeying the instructions issued from this ollice has involveil 
 himself in any legal proceedings. 
 
 BLANK AGENCY DIVISION. 
 
 No reference was made in my rei)ort of last year to the wm-k dispose«l 
 of in this division, it having been transferred a few months before t4t 
 the otiice of the Postmaster-General. .Subseipiently the division was 
 restored to this office, and a summary of the labor i)erlbrmed during 
 the fiscal year recently ended is therefore ])resented. 
 
 The work of this division for the i)ast fiscal year was ol' more than 
 usual magnitude. 
 
 The gTcater part of what is termed "department sup{)lies,"' /. <., the 
 necessary blanks, i)aper, twine, letter-balances, and stamps to enable 
 • postmasters to make up aiul forward mails, to record and report the 
 same, as well as to account for the business of the offices to the depart- 
 ment and to the Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, are sent from this 
 division. 
 
 Of these supplies there were forwarded during the last llscal year as 
 follows: 
 
 ]31anks for slatoniciits and accoiintrt of puatinasters 1", lTisl>.'»(l 
 
 Books for records of post-oflico busiiu'ss '*'i, T9:t 
 
 FaciufX ulijis for ratinj^ up pattkafjeH :!•.•, TJ(i, (kKl 
 
 Marking and ratiiiEc stamps of all kinds <">. •'"'•''.' 
 
 Jnte twine (pounds) \V\, U^i 
 
 Hemp twine, (i)oiinds) lli'i, JIR' 
 
 Cotton twino (pounds) ;"», "lUJ 
 
 Letter balauccs and scales '2,(V2\ 
 
 Wrappiuf^-paper (reams) 13, ^^21 
 
 The total appropriations and exix-ndifuros fur the aWiAc articles for 
 the fiscal year were as follows : 
 
 Appropriations >lo.'>, «)00 iHi 
 
 Expenditures '.MJ.K^i f>;'. 
 
 Leavin<i a balance of 10, I,
 
 854 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Additional iuforraation concerning the above expenditures will be 
 found in the tabular statement marked D, and api)ended to this report. 
 
 By the act of Congress dated the 4th of May last, provision was made 
 for supi)lying all post-ofQccs, tlie gross receipts of which were less than 
 $50 per annum, with letter-balances, marking-stamps, ink and pads. 
 This legislation was, at most, a necessity, as this class of offices could 
 not, under the terms of the postal laws and regulations, be furnished 
 with these facilities for business at public expense. 
 
 It is expected that more than 7,000 offices will, before the end of the 
 present fiscal year, be thus supplied, and their postmasters will be there- 
 by enabled to make up and dispatch the mails with more accuracy and 
 the government be saved a very considerable sum of money from hav- 
 ing the mailable matter emanating from these offices carefully rated tip 
 and the stamps upon it properly canceled. 
 
 It is recommended in the estimates for this bureau that a sufficient 
 sum of money shall be appropriated for the next fiscal year, not only to 
 furnish all other offices of this grade, estimated to be about 3,000 in 
 number, with these appliances, but that the amount shall also be so 
 large as to admit of extending these benefits to all other offices not now 
 in possession, at department expense, of these facilities. 
 
 The accounts of this department for the printing, binding, &c., exe- 
 cuted at the Government Printing Office are kept in this division. The 
 appropriation for this work for the last fiscal year was $150,000, of 
 which amount $130,582.66 was expended. 
 
 It should be stated, however, that the amount above mentioned does 
 not include the cost of the work and material for the printing, binding, 
 &c., of the money-order division of this department, which work is also 
 done at that establishment, as these items are paid for, as they have 
 been for the past two or three years, out of the surplus funds of the 
 money-order office. 
 
 The blank-agency division is also charged with the purchase and dis- 
 tribution of stationery for the department, and wth the keeping of the 
 accounts of the same with the disbursing officer. 
 
 The amount appropriated for this purpose in the executive, legisla- 
 tive, and judicial act for the last fiscal year was $9,000, of which amount 
 $8,956.96 was expended. 
 
 The estimate for this item is prepared in this office and addressed to « 
 the Postmaster-General, who submits it in connection with estimates for 
 other matters pertaining to the department. 
 
 Including the superintendent and assistant superintendent the num- 
 ber of employes of the division is 13. 
 
 While it does not seem imperatively necessary, I think it would ma- 
 terially contribute toward harmony of arrangement in this bureau if 
 the title of this division should be changed, and the salary appropria- 
 tions therefor should be made in the usual way, viz, by classes. 
 
 The title is now " the blank agency of the Post-Office Department," 
 and the employes are — 
 
 Per annntn. 
 
 One superintendent, at §1,800 
 
 One assistant superintendent, at 1, 600 
 
 Four assistant superintendents, at, each 1,200 
 
 Two assistant superintendents, at, eacli 900 
 
 One clerk, at 1,000 
 
 One assistant messenger, at 720 
 
 Three laborers at, each 6(50 
 
 In all thirteen.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 855 
 
 I have to siii[?gest,and I hope it will meet your approval, that the title 
 of this division ha <;haii;iecl to that of tlie division of i)ostal sui)[)lies, 
 and the salary a]>i)r()piiatioii.s for it be hereafter made as follows : For 
 superintendent, $2,250 ]»er annum; one elerk class 4; one clerk class 
 3; four clerks class I; one clerk at $1,000 per annuui ; two clerks at 
 $900 per annum; two assistant messengers; three laborers. In all, 
 fifteen employes. 
 
 This will be an addition of two employes, one as superintendent, at 
 $2,250 per annum, and one assistant messenger, and in amount of sal- 
 aries $2,970 more than is now appropriated. 
 
 This change would, in my opinion, plac^ the division upon a better 
 footing than it is at present, render the bureau more comi>act, classify 
 all its employes to better advantage, and promote the interest of the 
 service. 
 
 LETTER-BOOK CLERKS. 
 
 The number of letters recorded during the i»ast year by the two clerks 
 assigned to these desks was 24,414. During the'same i>erio<l the num- 
 ber of papers, references, and circulars directed and mailed by these 
 employes amounted to about 75,000. 
 
 PRINCIPAL IVTESSENGER. 
 
 All the mail and express matter for the bureau is received and dis- 
 tributed "by this em])loye. The number of letters, i)apers, requisitions, 
 and packages opened by him during the last fiscal vear amounted to 
 581,932. 
 
 Since I have held my present i)osition I have used every opportunity 
 to inform myself as thoroughly as ]>ossible regarding the necessary fa- 
 cilities which should be provided by law for the transaction of business 
 to the greatest ajlvantage to the public. I have sought to find how far 
 the present methods of conducting the business were deficient, and what 
 aid could beaflbrdedby additional legislation. 
 
 This office now comprises in its i)ractica[ operations six divisions. 
 They are the ai)pointmeut, the bond, tlie salary and allowance, the free 
 delivery, the blank agency, and postal laws and regulations. 
 
 Of these divisions there are three through which disbursements are 
 authorized. The salary and allowance division is charged with the dis- 
 bursement ai)i)roximately of $5,000,000. The free (lelivcry division 
 superintends the disbursement of $3,500,000. The blank agency has 
 charge of the expenditures for printing, binding, stationery, »S:c., amount- 
 ing for the past year to $325,000. 
 
 Of all the six divisions only two of them have Chiefs recognized by 
 law. Their designation and salaries are as follows: Superintendent 
 free delivery, $2,100; sui)erintendent blank agency, $1,S(M>. The other 
 four divisions (appointment, postal laws and regulations, bond, and 
 salary and allowance) have no head or chief re»-ognizeil by such a term 
 in the law making api)roi)riation Ibr this ollice, but the business of these 
 divisions is supervised within this (tllice through a clerk of the fourth 
 class ($1,.S00 per annum), who is assigned to such duty by me. 
 
 Now, whih; my ex])erience hassatislietl me thai the work is ])erfbrme<l 
 as accurately and satisfactorily as it^can be done under existing law, 1 
 am very decidedly of the oi)inion that it would secure still greater etli- 
 ciency and intelligence in the administration of the dilVerent divisions 
 if Congress were to jdace the res])onsil)ilify of the iux)i)er ]»erformance 
 of the difierent kinds of clerical labor upim oii;.-, i., designated 1>\ l:i\v.
 
 856 PAPER8 ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 with salaries advanced abov<' that of the ordinary clerical force of 
 the de])artiiient, and with duties that could be clearly defined l)y the 
 head of this oliice. This personal resi)onsibility, with tlie feelinj;" that 
 there is a recognition of the special ett'oits made by such cliiefs of divisions, 
 will secure greater earnestness in the discharge of duty, and the ])roper 
 increase of salary in sim])le justice to those who are so placed in charge 
 of the various divisions. 
 
 These considerations luue induced me to urge that you should espe- 
 cially call the attention of Congress to the propriety of reorganizing the. 
 office of the First Assistant Postmaster-General, so as to create by law 
 divisions to be known as Appointment, Bond, Postal Laws, and Kegu- 
 lations, and the Salary and Allowance, with salaries to the chiefs of 
 such divisions of $2,250 per annum, and the salaries of the superintend- 
 ents of Free Delivery and of what has heretofore been known as the 
 blank agency should be increased to that sum. The latter division, in 
 my judgment, would be more properly designated as the division of post- 
 office supplies. If this latter division were recognized by law as belong- 
 ing to the office of the First Assistant Postmaster-General, its adminis- 
 tration would be regulated by the orders of the head of this office, and 
 the clerical force supplied, promoted, or diminished, as the exigencies of 
 the service required; whereas it now needs the specific authority of 
 Congress for any increase of the clerical or laboring force of the blank 
 agency. 
 
 I feel assured that if these recommendations should be adopted by 
 Congress it; would result in very great benefit to the public service, by 
 promoting discipline and increasing efficiency in the clerical service, 
 which cannot be fully secured without thoiough organization in a de- 
 partment covering so vast an extent of territory, and so intimately 
 related to the daily life of every citizen, where uniformity of adminis- 
 tration is of vital importance. It is essential that the lines marking 
 the duties assigned and fixing the jurisdiction of every division of this 
 office should be so clearly drawn that all correspondence can at once 
 be referred to the division to which the subject-matter is assigned. 
 
 There is nothing that produces such irritation in the public mind as 
 a feeling that through the ijostal service absolute equality of rights and 
 privileges is not accorded to every citizen, and unless the chiefs of each 
 division can be assured that the duties which they are called upon to 
 discharge are clearly and distinctly within their jurisdiction, and that 
 they alone are responsible to the head of the office for their discharge, 
 it is impossible to avoid inharmonious rulings and irregular administra- 
 tion over such a territory as is covered by the postal service. 
 
 STATIONEEY FOR TOST-OFFICES. 
 
 Under the present regulations, stationery for use in post-offices of first 
 and second classes is now purchased by postmasters at their offices in 
 such quantities as are supposed to be necessary, without application 
 being made to the department. 
 
 The bills for stationery thus purchased by postmasters, if not consid- 
 ered unreasonable, are allowed in this office and approved and passed 
 by the Auditor. As a consequence of this rule, the i)rices returned for 
 stationery by the different postmasters vary considerably, frequently 
 for similar articles, and the quantities used often seem excessive. The 
 expenditures for this item during the last fiscal year were $56,517.28, 
 many of the articles being for the use of post-office inspectors and for 
 superintendents of the railway mail service.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERA J. 857 
 
 The estimate for the same lor the next fiscal year, which has been 
 submitted in the reguhir way, is $<>o,000. 
 
 The estimate for the department stationery for the next fiscal year 
 will probably be $15,000. 
 
 I think it would be d ecidedly in the interest of economy to unite the 
 two items ; to advertise for bids for the supply of such stationery jis is 
 needed for the department and for post-ofilices, and when procure*! dis- 
 tribute it only in moderate quantities and not unless applied for. This, 
 in the main, is the present practice, so far a.s the departmental station- 
 ery is concerned. 
 
 If this chanj;e should be ordered by you, authority would have to be 
 given by Congress for employing three or four more elerks in this oftice 
 to attend to the increased business; but as the stationery could then be 
 contracted for in large amounts, I liave no doubt it would l)e juo(;ured 
 cheaper than by the present method of paying the current retail rates 
 where each postmaster purcliases separately. 
 
 As it is my desire that the expenses of this bureau should be reduced 
 wherever practicable, I hope the suggestions in regard to this matter 
 will meet your approbation. 
 
 In concluding, permit me to say that it is my conviction that the 
 changes which have taken place among the em]>h).ves in this olKce dur- 
 ing the past year have resulted in material benelit to the service, and 
 that the labor which the clerical force has been called ujMjn to perform, 
 always large, various in character, and requiring promptness and lidelity, 
 has been, on the whole, satisfactorily attended to. Further. I sincerely 
 hope that the foregoing difterent statements relative to the (lisi>osition 
 of the appropriations intrusted to this bureau, the establishment and 
 discontinuance of i)ost-ofticevS, the extension of the free delivery service, 
 the benefit derivedfrom the postal commission, and the various other mat- 
 ters refen-ed to, will convince you that the duties devolving upon me have 
 been performed with a desire on my part to deal fairly and justly with 
 all sections of the country. 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 FRANK HATTON, 
 First Assistant Postmaster -General. 
 
 Hon. T. O. Hq-wt:, 
 
 Postmaster-Qeneral.
 
 858 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 A.—Stat<mient skowivg the number of J'rcsidential post-offices in each State and 'J'cn-Uory 
 June 'JO, 1881, and' June :W, 1882, wilh iticream and decrease; aim the number of post- 
 offices of each class, toi/eUicr with the number of money-order post-offices and stations, by 
 btates and Territories, June 30, 1882. 
 
 States and Territories. 
 
 •^ CO 
 
 l§ 
 
 •5 3 
 
 53 9 
 
 pis 
 
 B Coo 
 
 l2i 
 
 fe 9 . 
 
 a 
 1 
 
 Si 
 
 o 
 
 a o 
 
 <n 
 
 o 
 
 Is 
 
 o a 
 
 O 
 
 in B 
 9g 
 
 p-a 
 
 - - 
 1 = 
 
 ^5 
 
 o 
 
 Sfi| 
 C.2 
 
 1? 
 
 fe 9 . 
 
 S ° 
 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 1,241 
 
 4 
 109 
 968 
 
 403 
 
 431 
 
 526 
 
 111 
 
 4 
 
 384 
 
 1,208 
 
 128 
 
 1,905 
 
 1,655 
 
 110 
 
 1,445 
 
 1,49* 
 
 1,480 
 
 509 
 
 926 
 
 731 
 
 6.59 
 
 1,382 
 
 983 
 
 700 
 
 1,806 
 
 175 
 
 807 
 
 121 
 
 450 
 
 657 
 
 168 
 
 2,845 
 
 1,574 
 
 2,417 
 
 388 
 
 3,452 
 
 110 
 
 721 
 
 1, 605 
 
 1,384 
 
 212 
 
 474 
 
 1,817 
 
 274 
 
 982 
 
 1,333 
 
 C7 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 » 
 
 51 
 
 29 
 
 48 
 
 11 
 
 C 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 170 
 
 78 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 52 
 
 35 
 
 49 
 
 11 
 
 C 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 170 
 
 «0 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 6 
 1 
 
 3 
 8 
 34 
 22 
 34 
 5 
 5 
 
 7 
 77 
 
 134 
 55 
 63 
 37 
 15 
 1 
 31 
 83 
 15 
 
 496 
 
 246 
 4 
 
 389 
 
 224 
 90 
 46 
 
 102 
 53 
 
 156 
 
 290 
 
 141 
 80 
 
 216 
 15 
 
 123 
 18 
 69 
 76 
 10 
 
 392 
 88 
 
 371 
 46 
 
 301 
 10 
 47 
 96 
 
 169 
 17 
 83 
 90 
 16 
 49 
 
 216 
 
 
 
 
 .'"! 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 District of Columbia 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 32 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 21 
 
 1 
 
 133 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 107 
 6.5 
 28 
 10 
 30 
 16 
 107 
 SI 
 41 
 19 
 51 
 
 9 
 32 
 10 
 28 
 52 
 
 4 
 
 192 
 
 15 
 
 120 
 
 9 
 137 
 11 
 14 
 19 
 50 
 
 4 
 22 
 25 
 
 G 
 
 9 
 64 
 
 4 
 
 109 
 69 
 30 
 10 
 30 
 18 
 
 112 
 97 
 42 
 21 
 58 
 10 
 34 
 11 
 29 
 55 
 4 
 
 197 
 16 
 
 125 
 9 
 
 144 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 54 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 
 22 
 11 
 9 
 2 
 S 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 29 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 
 12 
 1 
 
 40 
 3 
 
 29 
 2 
 
 31 
 4 
 1 
 3 
 
 13 
 2 
 6 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 83 
 56 
 20 
 7 
 20 
 15 
 75 
 05 
 32 
 18 
 49 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 »23 
 
 41 
 
 3 
 
 146 
 
 13 
 
 89 
 
 
 
 iio 
 
 G 
 12 
 15 
 
 38 
 4 
 
 18 
 19 
 
 , 7 
 
 4^ 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 5 
 6 
 1 
 2 
 7 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 5 
 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 Ohio 
 
 
 7 
 1 
 3 
 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 South Carolina -* 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 77 j 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,863 
 
 1,951 
 
 88 
 
 
 85 
 
 430 
 
 1,436 
 
 44,230 1 5.436 
 
 62 
 
 
 

 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 859 
 
 B.— Total operations of the appoinlmrnt dirmon of the office of the First Assistant Poit- 
 master-General for the i/cnr ended June 'M\ IS&J: uho stalnnmt of the number of post- 
 offices in each Slate and Tcrritori/ June :iO, I'y-*!, and June liO, 18^2, with increase or 
 decrease. 
 
 States and Territorica. 
 
 Fost-oflices. 
 
 i 
 
 Fostm asters. 
 
 •a $ , .2 
 
 a* ' = . 
 
 "= ' =t 
 
 _5 = Li .5 
 
 B « la'* 
 S 2 - « 
 
 S a 1 -: ^ 
 
 Sa 
 
 1§ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Alabnisa 
 
 Alaska 
 
 Aiizona 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 California 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Connecticnt 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Delaware 
 
 District of Colnnibia. 
 
 Florida 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Idaho , 
 
 DlisoU 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Indian Territory 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Kentucky , 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Maine 
 
 Maryland 
 
 MassachusL-tta 
 
 Micbi;;aii 
 
 Minnesotii 
 
 Missisaippi ., 
 
 Missouri , 
 
 Montana 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Ifevada 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New Mexico , 
 
 New York 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Khode Island 
 
 Sonth Carolina 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Texas 
 
 Utah 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Virginia 
 
 ■Waahinpton 
 
 "West Virsjinia 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 "Wyoming 
 
 101 
 1 
 
 16 
 92 
 71 
 88 
 6 
 144 
 4 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 118 
 
 29 
 
 59 
 
 84 
 
 24 
 
 103 
 
 114 
 
 .135 
 
 54 
 
 20 
 
 46 
 
 13 
 
 93 
 
 56 
 
 62 
 
 134 
 
 50 
 
 05 
 
 19 
 
 18 
 
 23 
 
 50 
 
 73 
 
 138 
 
 104 
 
 41 
 
 117 
 
 3 
 
 75 
 
 144 
 
 154 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 10« 
 
 43 
 
 119 
 
 70 
 
 9 
 
 34 
 40 
 11 
 28 
 33 
 5 
 61 
 102 
 39 
 25 
 10 
 11 
 3 
 39 
 45 
 33 
 59 
 21 
 44 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 26 
 19 
 55 
 35 
 17 
 26 
 
 Total... 
 
 ..3,106 il,4J7 
 I I 
 
 47 
 
 32 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 43 
 
 22 
 
 7 
 
 80 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 54 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 41 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 45 
 
 88 
 
 21 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 25 
 21 
 
 3 
 14 
 
 2 
 34 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 I! 
 
 2 I 
 I 
 
 6 i 
 14 
 
 238 
 2 
 
 41 
 
 236 I 
 125 ; 
 123 i 
 
 47 I 
 
 89 
 3 
 2 
 
 70 
 257 
 
 28 
 317 
 341 
 
 38 
 303 
 333 
 331 
 104 
 
 60 
 
 i'\ 
 
 62 
 
 231 
 
 172 
 
 125 
 
 387 
 
 39 
 
 174 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 64 
 
 55 
 
 234 
 
 204 
 
 376 
 
 72 
 
 399 
 
 13 
 
 113 
 
 309 
 
 3.'i.'» 
 
 33 
 
 4'J 
 
 244 
 
 5U 
 
 1.'.7 
 
 170 
 
 23 
 
 3 1 
 40 13 
 12 I 15 
 
 
 8 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 8 
 12 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 17 
 
 45 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 51 
 
 16 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 2 ' 12 
 
 28 I 14 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 50 32 
 
 24 ; IB 
 
 38 ; 22 
 
 6 5 
 
 38 82 
 
 1 5 
 
 4 
 
 143 14 
 
 ''..\:\ 
 
 27 I 12 
 22 
 3 
 
 349 7,340 1,021 4C1 
 
 i I I 
 
 430 
 4 
 
 fu 
 
 495 
 268 
 279 
 
 63 
 341 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 189 
 
 4G3 
 
 73 
 495 
 534 
 
 72 I 
 584 
 683 
 572 I 
 217 I 
 
 117 I 
 176 1 
 
 96 i 
 
 442 , 
 335 
 
 2C9 i 
 
 724 I 
 
 119 I 
 
 368 I 
 
 60 I 
 73 
 
 118 I 
 145 
 438 
 407 , 
 598 I 
 LW ' 
 645 
 
 22 1 
 260 , 
 5.W 
 654 
 
 IKS 
 
 r^ 
 :*i 1 
 
 124 
 3C8 
 304 
 40 I 
 
 14, :i40 
 
 1,2W I 
 3 
 113 
 968 I 
 912 
 393 
 4.54 
 434 ' 
 113 
 
 5 ' 
 308 ' 
 
 1, 157 
 112 ; 
 
 2,044 I 
 
 1,0*4 I 
 91 
 
 1,512 
 
 1,551 
 
 1,414 
 490 
 940 
 
 714 ; 
 
 761 
 1,425 
 1.014 I 
 
 752 ' 
 1,789 
 
 150 
 
 820 
 
 121 , 
 
 4fi:< 
 
 091 I 
 148 
 2. 9H8 ' 
 
 1, .w: 
 
 2,473 I 
 
 373 
 3,505 ' 
 
 118 I 
 
 092 
 1.524 
 1,304 I 
 
 225 
 
 497 
 1. 791 
 
 2.M i 
 
 914 
 
 l.SOH 
 
 85 
 
 1,260 
 4 
 
 115 
 980 
 947 
 438 
 4C0 
 537 
 117 
 5 
 392 i 
 1,235 I 
 
 130 
 2.075 
 1.735 
 110 
 1,.554 
 1.563 
 1,510 , 
 519 , 
 956 , 
 749 i 
 771 
 1,479 
 1.025 
 781 
 1.804 
 185 ' 
 841 
 132 t 
 479 I 
 712 
 172 
 3,042 I 
 ],M0 ^ 
 2,542 I 
 397 
 
 121 
 
 735 
 
 1,025 
 
 1,438 
 
 '.IS 
 
 I.- 
 
 ir.r: 
 
 1,S99 
 
 81 
 
 44 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 12 
 35 
 45 
 
 
 108 
 
 4 
 
 34 
 
 78 
 18 
 31 
 61 
 19 
 42 
 12 
 96 
 20 
 10 
 3S 
 10 
 54 
 11 
 20 
 75 
 29 
 21 !. 
 11 . 
 10 . 
 21 . 
 24 . 
 54 I. 
 83 I. 
 09 . 
 24 j. 
 91 . 
 S !. 
 43 !. 
 101 . 
 74 . 
 
 44,612 ; 46.231 
 
 1,730 1 11
 
 860 
 
 I'Al^EHS ACCOMPANYING TlIK 
 
 C. — SUitfnmnt of the, operalioiiH of tlie/rer-dilircrt/ 
 
 Post-offiro.s. 
 
 2 q 
 
 AlivoTi, Oiiii) 
 
 Allxiuy.N.Y 
 
 Alli ulicuy. Pa 
 
 Atl:i,uln,(ja 
 
 Aul)iMn, N. Y 
 
 Augusta, Ga 
 
 Augusta, Me* 
 
 Baltimore, Md , . 
 
 Bangor, Me 
 
 Blooiuinaton, 111 
 
 Boston, iiasa 
 
 Briilgepoit, Conn 
 
 BrooTdyn, N. Y 
 
 Buffalo'N.Y 
 
 Burlington, Iowa 
 
 Burlington, Vt* 
 
 Camden, N. J 
 
 Charleston, S. C 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 Cleveland , Oh io 
 
 Columbu s, Oliio , . . 
 
 Concord, N. H* 
 
 Covington, Ky 
 
 Dallas, Tex 
 
 Davenport, Iowa 
 
 Dayton, Ohio 
 
 Denver, Colo 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa 
 
 Detroit, Mich 
 
 Dubuque, Iowa 
 
 Easton, Pa 
 
 Elizabeth, N. J 
 
 Elmira, K. Y 
 
 Erie,Pa 
 
 Evanaville, Ind 
 
 Fall River, Mass 
 
 Fort Wayne, Ind 
 
 Galvestuii, Tex 
 
 Grand Rapids, Mich . . . 
 
 Harrisbiirgh, Pa 
 
 Hartford, Conn 
 
 Hoboken, N.J 
 
 Houston, Tex 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind 
 
 •Tackson, Mich 
 
 .Terfley City, N.J 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 La Fayette, Ind 
 
 Lancaster, Pa 
 
 Lswren(M), Mass 
 
 Leadville, Colo 
 
 Leavenworth, Kans 
 
 Little Eock, Ark 
 
 Louisville, Ky 
 
 TiOwell, Mass 
 
 Lynn, Mass 
 
 Macon, Ga 
 
 MancheiHter, N. H 
 
 Mansfield, Ohio 
 
 Memphis, Teim 
 
 Meiiden, Conn 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn 
 
 Mobile, Ala 
 
 Nashville, Tenn 
 
 Newark, N. J 
 
 New Ee(lford\ Mass 
 
 New Haven, Conn 
 
 New Orleans, La 
 
 New York, N. Y 
 
 Norfolk, Ya 
 
 5 
 30 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 ti 
 
 (i 
 
 4 
 
 93 
 
 4 
 
 G 
 
 217 
 
 7 
 
 127 
 
 38 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 221 
 
 90 
 
 41 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 36 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 34 
 12 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 13 
 
 5 
 34 
 18 
 
 6 
 14 
 30 
 
 S 
 19 
 50 
 543 
 
 Di;liveri;d. 
 
 Mail. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Postal 
 cards. 
 
 528, 442 
 
 2, 719, 591 
 1, 199, 090 
 1, 638, 088 
 
 601, 510 
 389, 048 
 458, 045 
 
 6, 896, 235 
 306, 633 
 
 . 547, 385 
 
 15, 719, 649 
 
 439, 810 
 
 7, 573, 894 
 5, 093, 920 
 
 918, 307 
 
 405, 881 
 
 545, 779 
 
 873, 636 
 
 30,913,259 
 
 8, 985, 270 
 
 5, 532, 063 
 
 1, 807, 184 
 
 449, 905 
 
 363, 253 
 
 439. 200 
 
 892/262 
 
 1, 470, 849 
 
 1, 908, 467 
 
 1, 686, 949 
 
 6, 153, 244 
 
 655, 688 
 
 082, 499 
 
 681, 033 
 
 1, 085, 582 
 
 1, 227, 821 
 
 874, 175 
 
 518,622 
 
 805, 482 
 
 1, 211, 867 
 
 1, 637, 467 
 
 600, 844 
 
 1, 105, 295 
 
 338, 965 
 
 441, 874 
 
 3, 387, 230 
 558, 734 
 
 1, 428, 297 
 
 3, 770, 179 
 458, 488 
 654, 212 
 789, 198 
 615, 751 
 .511, 401 
 539, 254 
 
 4, 446, 800 
 989, 679 
 814. 878 
 518, 507 
 657, 044 
 369. 956 
 
 1, 518, 865 
 177, 700 
 
 4, 502, 612 
 1, 619, 330 
 
 394, 358 
 
 1, 565, 134 
 
 2, 536. 584 
 759,427 ! 
 
 1,448,229 I 
 
 2,168,892 t 
 
 53,.')71,667 ! 
 
 C78, 202 1 
 
 192, 675 
 
 580, 046 
 310,488 
 466, 903 
 185, 368 
 148, 694 
 143, 020 
 
 1, 004, 039 
 
 78, 042 
 
 206, 324 
 
 4, 537, 958 
 
 118.619 
 
 2, 025, 920 
 853, 684 
 
 172, 539 
 126, 602 
 200, 884 
 263, 927 
 
 6, 585, 498 
 1, 710, 100 
 1, 599, 059 
 564, 809 
 130, 873 
 114, 452 
 111,187 
 233, 084 
 451, 904 
 438, 922 
 577, 791 
 1, 406, 306 
 211, 099 
 171, 817 
 137, 518 
 321, 025 
 154, 237 
 310, 286 
 78, 061 
 113, 8.56 
 199, 379 
 .504, 680 
 219, 720 
 298, 990 
 100, 815 
 104, 161 
 964, 732 
 198,744 
 365, 931 
 1, 050, 827 
 108, 801 
 
 173, 511 
 99, 546 
 44, 816 
 
 107, 682 
 134, 008 
 1, 090, 904 
 209, 799 
 242, 205 
 217, 443 
 185, 787 
 142, 207 
 232, 555 
 
 43. 399 
 738. 044 
 333, 539 
 
 97, 238 
 409, 820 
 731,068 
 143, 408 
 286, 801 
 354, 204 
 11, 391, 452 
 230, T54 
 
 Local. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 41, 528 
 328,111 
 211,683 
 133, 903 
 
 92, 048 
 
 36, 362 
 14, 465 
 
 1, 473, 743 
 25, 237 
 
 37, 519 
 6, 988, 975 
 
 08, 0.54 
 
 2,305,712 
 
 801, 738 
 
 108, 107 
 
 45, 030 
 
 71, 972 
 92, 502 
 
 6, 784, 935 
 
 1, 995, 800 
 
 989, 769 
 
 154, 608 
 
 24,240 
 
 25, 030 
 
 20, 809 
 
 58, 709 
 
 206, 806 
 
 304, 424 
 
 153, 003 
 
 849, 574 
 
 .53, 580 
 
 65, 055 
 
 118,874 
 
 76, 191 
 
 103, 545 
 
 34, 972 
 
 73, 958 
 
 78, 530 
 
 45, 302 
 
 220, 583 
 
 80, 475 
 293, 327 
 
 32, 744 
 48, 062 
 362, 793 
 
 38, 055 
 .210, 126 
 
 312,914 
 37, 827 
 43, 284 
 
 81, 532 
 25, 333 
 19, 094 
 
 72, 383 
 512, 732 
 108, 144 
 
 66, 8.50 
 
 22, 833 
 
 35, 175 
 
 24, 742 
 
 125, 390 
 
 31, 917 
 
 700, 563 
 
 200, 892 
 
 47, 340 
 
 124, 830 
 
 555,642 
 
 87, 633 
 
 323, 803 
 
 370, 917 
 
 32, 993, 469 
 
 66, 163 
 
 Postal 
 cards. 
 
 38, 837 
 298, 241 
 150, 353 
 1.52, 550 
 
 33, 805 
 24, 177 
 
 8,494 
 
 1, 392, 170 
 
 13, 070 
 
 45, 563 
 
 4, 078, 109 
 
 41, 149 
 
 1, 805, 772 
 
 755,199 
 
 108,513 
 
 12, 706 
 
 73, 4.55 
 
 102, 903 
 
 4, 209, 874 
 
 1, 498, 000 
 
 579, 346 
 
 127, 648 
 
 19, 255 
 
 25, 045 
 30, 223 
 50, 002 
 
 143, 661 
 
 200, 070 
 
 126, 012 
 
 463, 229 
 
 44. 322 
 
 53, 026 
 
 54, 282 
 
 50, 776 
 
 101,640 
 
 65,706 
 
 61, 205 
 
 69, 071 
 
 26, 887 
 141, 396 
 
 70, 659 
 165, 907 
 
 42, 428 
 22, 933 
 
 432, 157 
 
 34, 842 
 192, 749 
 218, 827 
 
 21, 994 
 40, 171 
 94, 386 
 
 17, 799 
 
 18, 389 
 63, 305 
 
 607, 238 
 
 80, 325 
 
 104, 929 
 
 19, 837 
 52, 320 
 10. 533 
 
 140, 012 
 24, 158 
 583, 869 
 139, 186 
 
 43, 379 
 154, 801 
 429, 764 
 
 42, 742 
 
 17.5,525 
 
 380, 113 
 
 13, 424, 710 
 
 60, 856 
 
 
 ;;.. I 
 
 2,532 
 10, 690 
 
 8, B20 
 20, 093 
 
 2,851 
 
 6,485 
 
 21,317 
 
 52, 125 
 
 2,800 
 
 4,070 
 
 95, 608 
 
 2,377 
 
 40, 133 
 
 39, 511 
 
 9,190 
 
 3, i?l)l 
 
 3,041 
 
 10, 352 
 305, 2.50 
 
 01,797 
 62, 303 
 14,947 
 2,711 
 2, 356 
 1,663 
 4,800 
 12, 788 
 
 9, 957 
 
 11, 964 
 70, 792 
 
 0,993 
 
 2, 554 
 2, 024 
 7, 621 
 1,616 
 7,862 
 1,041 
 5, 095 
 
 11,859 
 13,871 
 
 3, 601 
 5,194 
 2.113 
 5, 451 
 
 23, 405 
 2, 024 
 7, 381 
 
 42, 757 
 3, 187 
 2, 698 
 1,833 
 2, 076 
 2,487 
 .5, 159 
 
 49, 910 
 ::, 1S7 
 1,498 
 8, 109 
 2,972 
 4,407 
 
 19, 274 
 797 
 
 36, 749 
 
 10, 719 
 5, 069 
 
 23, 808 
 
 14, 671 
 1, 705 
 8,197 
 
 39. 243 
 
 523, 559 
 
 3,383 
 
 477,' 
 1, 503, i 
 1, 063, ( 
 
 1, 347, ; 
 
 434,! 
 293, < 
 129. • 
 
 3,669.) 
 
 191,: 
 
 468,: 
 
 10, 117, 
 
 356, 
 
 5, 150, 
 
 3, 871, ' 
 608.) 
 310, 
 464, 
 455,; 
 
 7, 225, ' 
 
 4. 052, 
 
 3. 162, 
 1, 282, 
 
 283, 
 
 254, 
 
 207, 
 
 585, 
 
 934. 
 
 1. 175, 
 
 i; 039, 
 
 2, 812, 
 
 518, 
 
 421, ( 
 
 662, 
 
 471,: 
 
 796,! 
 
 722,: 
 
 611,: 
 
 660, 
 
 444,; 
 
 1,135, 
 
 1, 025, 
 
 1, 072, 
 
 155; 
 
 295, 
 
 1, 920, 
 
 578,: 
 
 814, 
 
 1, 585, 
 404, ( 
 41.5, : 
 705, 
 189, 
 
 4;i3, ; 
 
 237 
 
 2, 300, ! 
 580, 
 543, 
 361, ! 
 .500, ( 
 270, ( 
 517 
 131,: 
 
 1, 887, : 
 
 1. 163, 
 503, '. 
 
 1.218,< 
 1, 380. 
 
 513. ( 
 
 1, 3.50, 
 
 1,573,: 
 
 17, 800, ( 
 
 4-12,^ 
 
 * Established July 1. ISSl.
 
 RKPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 sys tent for the f>ical year ended June 30, lti62. 
 
 861 
 
 Cost of service (iucluding 
 iucidental expeusei<). 
 
 Si 
 
 •1,765 71 
 
 10. 9C9 47 
 
 n, .113 5t 
 
 ^,W0 06 
 
 •_', 495 04 
 
 1,920 JW 
 
 717 «•-» 
 
 50,075 20 
 
 I. 423 86 
 1,540 52 
 
 28>«,049 13 
 
 3, 300 54 
 
 196. 533 54 
 
 20, 8)5 D8 
 3,464 06 
 1,475 8U 
 2, 4a'; 10 
 3, 490 75 
 38:», 716 43 
 
 81,391 28 
 
 50, rj7 4.-1 
 6, 288 40 
 1,400 01 
 008 10 
 2,313 13 
 2,415 00 
 6,296 57 
 
 12, 722 21 
 5,112 99 
 
 22.995 11 
 1,723 83 
 2,048 86 
 3, ViX 31 
 
 2.338 37 
 4,064 10 
 1.711 00 
 2, 575 77 
 3,209 03 
 2, 168 18 
 6,553 46 
 2,787 68 
 
 11,150 13 
 1,272 91 
 1.750 97 
 
 II, 573 41 
 
 1.339 72 
 7.402 44 
 
 12, 656 30 
 1,399 61 
 1,531 34 
 2, 757 73 
 
 1, 252 63 
 880 75 
 
 2,914 25 
 23,093 50 
 4,645 20 
 3, 101 67 
 1,026 38 
 1,896 92 
 1. 245 05 
 4,012 ti7 
 3,T.'7 41 
 22.105 06 
 8,683 52 
 2,0M 16 
 5, r3 24 
 16, 024 C6 
 
 2. 573 29 
 15. 740 M» 
 10,221 M 
 
 1. 620, wn :i5 
 
 3,141 00
 
 862 
 
 TAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 C. — Statement of the ojyerationa of the free-delivery 
 
 Post-offices. 
 
 <u a 
 
 Delivered. 
 
 Mail. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Tostal 
 cards. 
 
 Local. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Postal 
 cards. 
 
 tr.® 
 
 Oakland, Cal 
 
 Omaha, Nebr 
 
 Oswego, N.Y 
 
 Paterson, N. J 
 
 Peoria, 111 
 
 Petersburtih, Va. ...... 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa 
 
 Portland, Me 
 
 Portland, Greg 
 
 Pottsville, Pa 
 
 Poughkeepsie, N. T 
 
 Providence, R. I 
 
 Quincy,Ill 
 
 Reading, Pa 
 
 Richmond, Ind 
 
 Richmond, Va 
 
 Rochester, N. T 
 
 Sacramento City, Cal .. 
 
 Saint Joseph, Mo 
 
 Saint Louis, Mo 
 
 Saint Paul, Minu 
 
 Salem, Mass 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 
 
 Savannah, Ga 
 
 Springfield, 111 
 
 Springfield, Mass 
 
 Springfield, Ohio 
 
 Sjrracuse, N. Y 
 
 Terra Haute, Ind 
 
 Toledo, Ohio 
 
 Topeka,Kan3..... 
 
 Trenton,N. J 
 
 Troy.N.Y 
 
 mic»,N.Y 
 
 "Washington, D. C 
 
 "Wheeling, "W. Va 
 
 "Wilmington, Del 
 
 "Worcester, Mass 
 
 ZanesvUIe, Ohio 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 334 
 
 38 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 31 
 
 18 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 128 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 68 
 
 762, 739 
 310, 400 
 500, 989 
 765, 731 
 862, 581 
 500, 173 
 
 578, 438 
 545, 988 
 783, 298 
 29G, 834 
 311, 342 
 668, 792 
 709, 263 
 959, 856 
 882, 750 
 450, 371 
 588, 664 
 824, 404 
 839, 523 
 302, 816 
 729, 777 
 289, 274 
 409, 161 
 072, 346 
 606, 067 
 609, 057 
 822, 036 
 
 579, 839 
 397, 344 
 755, 131 
 059, 207 
 984, 332 
 510, 029 
 463, 431 
 238, 219 
 990, 180 
 796, 611 
 880, 574 
 917, 354 
 397, 022 
 
 117, 016 
 260, 163 
 
 130, 290 
 119, 384 
 256, 354 
 174, 427 
 
 7, 137, 806 
 916, 579 
 
 240, 765 
 45, 356 
 
 102, 916 
 
 131, 706 
 463, 953 
 281,294 
 246, 304 
 180, 646 
 522, 094 
 630, 013 
 
 58, 841 
 386, 270 
 3, 167, 070 
 578, 913 
 125, 698 
 601, 453 
 186, 212 
 196, 781 
 260, 446 
 232, 245 
 460, 316 
 287, 863 
 389, 338 
 228, 700 
 134, 273 
 587, 329 
 394, 108 
 801, 306 
 273, 325 
 209, 932 
 
 241, 206 
 157, 395 
 
 63, 
 
 160, 
 
 38, 
 
 92, 
 
 56, 
 
 20, 
 
 15, 939, 
 
 1, 005, 
 
 78, 
 
 40, 
 
 33, 
 
 63, 
 
 439, 
 
 50, 
 
 93, 
 
 32, 
 
 153 
 
 465, 
 
 26, 
 
 162, 
 
 2, 591 
 
 214 
 
 53 
 
 2, 209 
 
 84 
 
 38 
 
 111 
 
 51 
 
 281 
 
 58, 
 
 160, 
 
 113, 
 
 55, 
 
 422, 
 
 131 
 
 680, 
 
 55, 
 
 153, 
 
 146, 
 
 25, 
 
 72, 894 
 
 121, 045 
 25, 154 
 68, 108 
 53, 226 
 27, 358 
 7, 951, 083 
 
 558, 004 
 87, 684 
 22, 083 
 14, 553 
 43, 663 
 
 237, 014 
 68, 551 
 83, 412 
 13, 790 
 
 147, 120 
 
 436, 530 
 25, 417 
 
 120, 386 
 1, 995, 538 
 
 131, 009 
 
 49, 834 
 
 1, 388, 170 
 
 70, 729 
 34, 772 
 62, 955 
 30, 919 
 
 22«, 082 
 53, 263 
 
 150, 481 
 75, 971 
 40, 763 
 
 250, 282 
 
 71, 668 
 459, 285 
 
 51, 970 
 114, 315 
 147, 180 
 
 20, 752 
 
 2,961 
 9,906 
 3,309 
 3,491 
 5,407 
 4,748 
 182, 215 
 
 25,547 
 5,007 
 3,419 
 1,487 
 2,624 
 7,027 
 8,857 
 3,742 
 2, 809 
 
 19, 215 
 
 14, 800 
 2,274 
 
 13, 623 
 162, 074 
 
 31, 526 
 1,023 
 
 70,554 
 8,040 
 4,509 
 3,295 
 
 12,563 
 
 11, 053 
 6,446 
 
 14, 710 
 6,506 
 2,030 
 6,054 
 7,484 
 
 27, 271 
 6,778 
 3,335 
 3,446 
 4,026 
 
 597, 034 
 
 1, 014, 7.55 
 303, 097 
 
 1, 003, 565 
 
 592, 414 
 
 377, 605 
 
 18, 851, 616 
 
 2, 087, 511 
 860, 738 
 269, 292 
 489, 908 
 545, S96 
 
 1, 195, 497 
 578, 239 
 609, 213 
 359, 443 
 746, 552 
 
 1, 972, 976 
 247, 495 
 
 1, 074, 418 
 
 5, 627, 067 
 
 1,391,261 
 499, 666 
 
 3, 064, 567 
 345, 053 
 549, 741 
 469, 414 
 524, 591 
 
 1, 215, 343 
 649,624 
 8S4, 494 
 704, 132 
 391, 291 
 
 1, 299, 715 
 699, 205 
 
 3, Oil, 351 
 531, 778 
 559, 692 
 725, 361 
 355, 460 
 
 Total 3, 115 i298, 266, 739 71, 481 , 742 90, 002, 317 
 
 Amount paid post-office inspectors on free-delivery service 
 
 Total „ 
 
 50, 923, 724 i2, 552, 894 1160, 794, 706
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 863 
 
 iijstem for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882 — Continued. 
 
 Collected. 
 
 Pieces handled. 
 
 Cost of service (includinR 
 incidental expenses). 
 
 o 
 
 t 
 
 "5 
 
 •i 
 
 
 
 £b 
 
 a 
 
 C 
 
 u 
 
 m 
 
 S 
 
 1 
 
 5* 
 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 1 
 
 
 C9 
 
 "£ 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 tj) 
 
 a> 
 
 Cfi 
 
 & 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 
 'A 
 
 < 
 
 C< 
 
 < 
 
 (W 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 407, 985 
 
 119,230 
 
 82,117 
 
 2,315,382 
 
 231,538 
 
 $7. 642 41 
 
 3.3 
 
 $764 24 
 
 12.357 35 
 
 474, 985 
 
 273, 918 
 
 77. 077 
 
 3, 7(12, 369 
 
 308, .-.31 
 
 8 
 
 937 49 
 
 2.4 
 
 761 46 
 
 
 S60, 25(5 
 
 124, um 
 
 50, 385 
 
 1,506,089 
 
 2.il,015 
 
 5 
 
 116 17 
 
 3.4 
 
 852 63 
 
 1. : . 
 
 415, 120 
 
 156, 128 
 
 105, 392 
 
 2. 729. 473 
 
 272 947 
 
 7 
 
 146 51 
 
 2.6 
 
 714 05 
 
 .'i. 
 
 727, 627 
 
 232, 227 
 
 122, 309 
 
 2. 9<j8. 347 
 
 323! i;'>o 
 
 
 179 38 
 
 2.5 
 
 797 71 
 
 2, 1 ■! I'- 
 
 331, 8*5 
 
 213,301 
 
 3J, 740 
 
 1 , 683, 908 
 
 28U, 651 
 
 4 
 
 071 72 
 
 2.8 
 
 778 62 
 
 ll-.' <!. 
 
 43, 303, 391 
 
 16,291,112 
 
 10, 659, :i04 
 
 144.894,869 
 
 433,817 
 
 293 
 
 698 77 
 
 2 
 
 879 34 
 
 488.1177 rO 
 
 2, 623, 389 
 
 937, 852 
 
 3.55, 236 
 
 12, 056, 040 
 
 317,264 
 
 33 
 
 'J67 25 
 
 2.8 
 
 899 14 
 
 32. 5:; I G(j 
 
 975, 491 
 
 377, 255 
 
 173. 943 
 
 3, 582, 862 
 
 3.^*, 286 
 
 8 
 
 500 80 
 
 2.4 
 
 850 08 
 
 5, 23.; 48 
 
 512,887 
 
 92, 966 
 
 49. 747 
 
 1, 333, 175 
 
 266, 6.'(5 
 
 4 
 
 508 75 
 
 3.4 
 
 901 75 
 
 •l.A',u 'A 
 
 178. 632 
 
 80. 009 
 
 162, 243 
 
 1, 374, 618 
 
 343, 0.>4 
 
 3 
 
 400 00 
 
 2.5 
 
 850 00 
 
 
 687, 090 
 
 147, 592 
 
 110,236 
 
 2,401,017 
 
 343,088 
 
 5 
 
 971 95 
 
 2.5 
 
 853 14 
 
 
 1, 563, 392 
 
 490,664 
 
 171, 836 
 
 0. 277, 874 
 
 202, 512 
 
 26 
 
 412 43 
 
 4.2 
 
 852 08 
 
 1r- < 
 
 449, SoG 
 
 212,!»35 
 
 41.137 
 
 2,651.680 
 
 331,461 
 
 6 
 
 732 87 
 
 2.5 
 
 Ml 61 
 
 2. " 
 
 4.i9, 751 
 
 223, 854 
 
 52, 144 
 
 2, 634. 220 
 
 263. 422 
 
 S 
 
 491 39 
 
 .3.3 
 
 ft49 14 
 
 3 
 
 298, 550 
 
 121,733 
 
 108,116 
 
 1,. 567, 913 
 
 261.319 
 
 3 
 
 530 94 
 
 2. 2 
 
 588 49 
 
 1. 
 
 966, 385 
 
 389, 065 
 
 131,. --uS 
 
 4. 6C4. 060 
 
 259.114 
 
 14 
 
 400 08 
 
 X\ 
 
 8(J3 :« 
 
 5 
 
 1, 792, 810 
 
 541,690 
 
 282. 053 
 
 9. 960. 537 
 
 34:J, 407 
 
 24 
 
 385 51 
 
 2.4 
 
 *\(s U 
 
 \f'. 
 
 288, 421 
 
 57, 392 
 
 31,538 
 
 1, 077, 446 
 
 215. 4H9 
 
 4 
 
 770 96 
 
 4.4 
 
 9.>4 19 
 
 1. 
 
 1, 032, 829 
 
 405, 389 
 
 184. 096 
 
 4, 682, 223 
 
 4G<>.2J2 
 
 7 
 
 610 27 
 
 1.7 
 
 761 03 
 
 5. :..: .'I 
 
 8, 864, 219 
 
 3, 275, 924 
 
 2, 252. 277 
 
 41,665,249 
 
 325. 510 
 
 119 
 
 647 59 
 
 2.9 
 
 934 73 
 
 W. .'■•■! c 
 
 1, 762, 185 
 
 546, 985 
 
 171. 993 
 
 7,117,207 
 
 :::>:<, 865 
 
 13 
 
 9.53 25 
 
 1.9 
 
 697 66 
 
 8. li'-. M, 
 
 302, 619 
 
 94, 125 
 
 65, 147 
 
 1,600,317 
 
 2-.'8,617 
 
 5 
 
 239 13 
 
 3.3 
 
 748 45 
 
 i.;r; .. 
 
 7, 453, 551 
 
 1, 639, 282 
 
 1, 546. C21 
 
 23. 046. 513 
 
 365. 822 
 
 61 
 
 6:.0 81 
 
 2.7 
 
 906 63 
 
 61,;'. • :- 
 
 605, 245 
 
 199, 917 
 
 91.924 
 
 2, 197, S.'-O 
 
 274. 7:ui 
 
 5 
 
 900 00 
 
 2.2 
 
 737 .50 
 
 0, i ■ : ; 
 
 255, 082 
 
 127, 945 
 
 55.976 
 
 1, 872, 025 
 
 267, 432 
 
 5 
 
 230 05 
 
 2.3 
 
 747 15 
 
 1 
 
 417,710 
 
 147,391 
 
 55, 118 
 
 2. 349, 589 
 
 293, 699 
 
 6 
 
 802 10 
 
 3 
 
 8.50 26 
 
 .5 
 
 208, 386 
 
 94, 408 
 
 28, 951 
 
 1.763.615 
 
 251, 945 
 
 
 192 75 
 
 3 
 
 741 82 
 
 2. ■ 
 
 999, 069 
 
 403, 674 
 
 156, 762 
 
 6, 153, 348 
 
 307, 667 
 
 15 
 
 203 58 
 
 2.5 
 
 763 18 
 
 >-. ;• ; 1 
 
 641, 512 
 
 354, 063 
 
 236, 450 
 
 3, 043, 160 
 
 3.S0, 3'.»0 
 
 6 
 
 356 15 
 
 2.9 
 
 7!M .52 
 
 2. 1' - \ ' 
 
 1, 286, 738 
 
 553, 007 
 
 302, 809 
 
 5, 800. 991 
 
 3^6. 733 
 
 12 
 
 955 85 
 
 2. 2 
 
 86.3 72 
 
 5,. ; 1 
 
 636, 696 
 
 216, 867 
 
 65. 509 
 
 3, 032, 330 
 
 .505. 390 
 
 4 
 
 499 88 
 
 r5 
 
 783 81 
 
 3, ;»■ .' ■■•■ 
 
 460, 646 
 
 36, 091 
 
 28, 741 
 
 1,6,59,478 
 
 207, 435 
 
 5 
 
 528 21 
 
 3.3 
 
 601 03 
 
 3, '.':'- 'il 
 
 2, 059, 080 
 
 621, 301 
 
 573, 918 
 
 8, 283, 122 
 
 460. 173 
 
 13 
 
 973 81 
 
 1.7 
 
 776 32 
 
 11. I- . '". 
 
 963, 148 
 
 406, 139 
 
 126,680 
 
 4. 037, 691 
 
 :C0.474 
 
 10 
 
 286 2« 
 
 2.5 
 
 8S7 19 
 
 4. ;- ' 7! 
 
 2, 996, 525 
 
 887, 439 
 
 674, 341 
 
 13, 528, 453 
 
 221,777 
 
 48 
 
 477 99 
 
 3.6 
 
 7M 72 
 
 2«i, 7 ' :". 
 
 716,014 
 
 268, 737 
 
 105, 434 
 
 2, 800, 520 
 
 280, 652 
 
 6 
 
 063 43 
 
 2.4 
 
 666 34 
 
 2, . - ' " ■ 
 
 471, 940 
 
 195. 628 
 
 31,061 
 
 2, 620, 335 
 
 262, O.-il 
 
 s 
 
 5«-.2 .53 
 
 3.3 
 
 856 V> 
 
 4. 7:'. <■- 
 
 499,549 
 
 ]y4.!-S7 
 
 43, 553 
 
 2,919,104 
 
 224, 5-tr, 
 
 10 
 
 IMS 90 
 
 3.7 
 
 842 23 
 
 6. " ■ 
 
 295, 991 
 
 157, 006 
 
 107, 102 
 
 1, 519, 829 
 
 305, 960 
 
 3 
 
 469 62 
 
 2.3 
 
 G03 92 
 
 1, •• 1 • -■ 
 
 808, 352, 819 
 
 09, 421, 132 
 
 61, 7?2, 814 
 
 1,143,018,887 
 
 367, 455 
 
 2,617 
 5 
 
 574 5« 
 6t)8 18 
 
 2.3 
 
 835 75 
 
 3.810,576 09 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2, 623, 262 74 
 
 
 
 

 
 864 
 
 PAPEKS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 ITS « 
 re* ^ 
 
 go 
 
 •S 2:. 
 
 
 o 
 p. 
 
 •ot> X 9r. 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 •SS >< 05 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •eipq pjBa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r-l 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 §3^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 •Bpanod 01-5 
 
 '^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 M 
 
 •epnnod gg 
 
 C5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
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 •spnnod f 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 •saonno g 
 
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 c 
 
 •uo^^oo 
 
 
 
 
 
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 t-t- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o" 
 
 r1 
 
 •* 
 t- 
 
 •* 
 
 •draojj 
 
 
 1,144 
 
 1,200 
 1,801 
 1,171 
 1,109 
 4,074 
 4,160 
 2,900 
 
 2, 850 
 1,644 
 1, 920 
 3,560 
 12, 990 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 •a^iip 
 
 
 CCOi-tOOOOOOO 
 
 co" o o" ccT cT o* cT o" co" C'i" 
 
 o" 
 
 §2^ 
 
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 5 
 
 » 
 
 o 
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 35 
 
 •9d^^-|B;ajt 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
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 •9diC')-l99JS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 so 
 
 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 
 
 •spK 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 e^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 oo 
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 IMCO 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 •eniit 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 5 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 •sok: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SS 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 •S^DO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 •T -OK ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 EEPORT OF THE POSTMASTER GENERAL. 
 
 867 
 
 Statement of the different numn appropriated nnd expended for tuppliet, on acrount of the 
 blank agency, Post-Office Department, during the fiscal year 1881-'W. 
 
 Appropria- 
 tion. 
 
 Expended. 
 
 Balance. 
 
 Wiapping-paper ... 
 
 Jute twine 
 
 Hemp twine.... 
 
 Cotton twine... 
 Balances ami Hcalos. 
 Marking stamps. . . . 
 
 120,000 
 
 55,000 
 10,000 
 15,000 
 
 Total 
 
 Post-Office printing and binilin^ 
 Stationery 
 
 100, (X)0 
 
 100, OUO 
 
 9,000 
 
 110, 993 50 
 34, »46 0« 
 12,786 00 
 5, 322 58 
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 14, 016 25 
 
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 8, 956 06 
 
 259, 000 I 236, 304 10 22, 005 M 
 
 «« 41 
 
 2,245 S6 
 
 963 75 
 
 3, 2.35 53 
 
 19.417 34 
 
 43 04 
 
 Amount of blanks, books, and facing-slips issued by the blank agenry durinn the year 
 
 ing June 30, 18«.». 
 
 end- 
 
 Qnarter. 
 
 Blanks. 
 
 Booka. 
 
 Focing-alips. 
 
 First 
 
 Second .. 
 Third..., 
 Fourth .. 
 
 Total 
 
 10,781,3.'.O 
 11,301,.VJ0 
 15, r><>0, 500 
 10, 503. COO 
 
 48, 170, 950 
 
 18, OM 
 21, 037 
 25, 679 
 17,003 
 
 82,793 
 
 10,167,600 
 7. 210, 000 
 7,216,000 
 8, 137. 000 
 
 32, 736, 600 
 
 D. W. RHODES. 
 
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 REPOftT OP THE POSTMASTEE-GENEBAL. 
 
 869 
 
 Ea.— EXPLANATION OF ESTIMATES. 
 
 Post-Office Department, 
 Office of First Assistant Postmaster-General, 
 
 Wa,shington, D. C, October 23, 1882. 
 Sir: Agreeably to your request, I submit herewith estimates of the 
 appropriations necessary for the use of this otiice for the fiscal year end- 
 ing June 30, 1884, under the following heads, viz : 
 
 For compensation to postniastors ^. $10,134,091 25 
 
 For clerks in post-offices 4,8i)0, 000 00 
 
 For free-deliveiv service 3,600,000 00 
 
 For rent, fuel, and light 4rX», 000 00 
 
 For office furniture 30,000 00 
 
 For stationery in post-offices 65, 000 OO 
 
 For miscellaneous and incidental items 90,000 00 
 
 For wrapping-paper 2r>, 000 00 
 
 For wrapplug-twino .'>.'), 000 00 
 
 For marking and rating stamps 'Si. OOO 00 
 
 For letter balances and scales ' y.'), Ot.H) 00 
 
 Ink for stamping and canceling purposes 10, 000 00 
 
 Pads for stamping and canceling purposes 10, 000 00 
 
 Total estimate iy,3<'.9,091 2.'. 
 
 or $2,227,091.25 more than the appropriation for the current year. 
 
 COMPENSATION TO POSTMASTERS. 
 
 The following were the estimates, ai)propriation8, and expenditures 
 for this item for the past two fiscal years : 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-'82. 
 
 IncrcAM. 
 
 Estiniat-es 
 
 Ap^iropriatioiis. 
 KxjMjuuitures... 
 Uoficioncy 
 
 $7, S50, 000 00 $7. 800, 000 00 
 
 7, 50(), POO 00 7, 8<J«, 000 00 
 
 8, '.»». 741! 70 8, 064. Q70 72 
 
 70ti, 74:: 79 , 1, 164, 070 72 
 
 Ptr c*nt. 
 
 8.02 
 45.10 
 
 From the above it will be perceived that the exi)enditure8 for the fis- 
 cal year ended June 30, 1882, exceeded the approi)riati(>n for that period 
 in the sum of 81,1(34,070.72. In anticipation <»f a larger delicieney, Con- 
 gress, at its last session, upon the lecomnieiidation of the I'ostnuistcr- 
 General, ai)propriatcd the sum of $l,i;)2,20t».vS.s, m- so much th»'ns)f a.s 
 might be necessary, to meet the delieit for this item dniing the fiscal 
 year. The deficiency reported by th^^ Amlitor (8l,l<3f,(17t5.72) is nut so 
 largxi as the amount api)r<)])iiate4l by 827,530.00; but it is expected that 
 when the delayed leturns from postmastei-s for the year shall have been 
 received, the whole amount appropriatetl by Congress will be expend«'d. 
 The exi>enditures forthe past lisral year wt're also greater than those of 
 the previous year in the sum of 80(ir),033.*.».3, or iS.(i2 pertu-nt. 
 
 The exi)enditures for the past year also ex«'e«'d the appropriation 
 ($8,800,000) for the current fiscal year by 810-I,07(j.72. 
 
 From the foregoing it will appear that a very much larger aj)propriii- 
 tiou for compensation to postmasters should be made for the next fiscal 
 year. 
 
 It has been ascertained tliat the conmenNation of postmasters boars » 
 direct relation to the gross receipts of tne department. Tlu' i)re8ont law 
 regulating the compensation of postmasters of the tourth class went into 
 operation the 2 1st -Inly, 1S78. 
 
 DuiLug the first fiscal year of the change, ended June 30, 1878, it re-
 
 ^870 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 quired 23.9 per cent, of the gross receipts to pay the compensation of 
 l)ostmasters. 
 
 During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1880, 23.1 per cent, was re- 
 quired ; for tlie year ended June 30, 1881, 22.5 per cent, was required; 
 aiul for the year ended June 30, 1882, 21.4 per cent, was necessary. 
 
 It will thus be seen that the decrease in i)ercentage of compensation 
 to postmasters to the gross receipts has been a steady one; and this is 
 only natural, since the great bulk of the receipts is collected at the 
 j larger offices, where the salaries are fixed by law. The receipts for the 
 fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, based on an increase of 10 per cent, 
 upon the last fiscal year, have been estimated at $50,670,456.27. It is 
 believed that not more than 20 per cent, of this amount will be required 
 to pay postmasters for the next fiscal year. Upon this basis it is esti- 
 mated that $10,134,091.25 will be necessary for the compensation of 
 postmasters for the year ending June 30, 1884. This amount will be 
 $1,334,091.25 greater than the amount ($8,800,000) appropriated for the 
 present fiscal year, or an increase of 15.16 per cent. 
 
 An essential element in the above estimate is the increase under the 
 biennial readjustment of July 1st last in the salaries of postmasters at 
 first, second, and third class offices, amounting to $563,400 more than 
 was paid last year. 
 
 CLERKS IN POST-OFFICES. 
 
 The estimates, ai)propriations, and expenditures for this purpose for 
 the past two fiscal years were as follows : 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-'82. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appropriations 
 Expenditnres... 
 
 $3, 650, 000 00 
 3, 680, 000 00 
 3, 676, 755 22 
 
 $3, 850, 000 00 
 
 ; 3, 850, 000 00 
 
 > 100, 000 00 
 
 3, 908, 396 60 
 
 Per cent 
 
 7.33 
 6.30 
 
 The appropriation of $3,850,000 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 
 1882, was found, after six months of the year had expired, to be in- 
 adequate for the necessities of the service, and upon the recommen- 
 dation of the Postmaster-General an additional $100,000 for the year 
 was appropriated by Congress on the 6th of March last for this item, 
 making the whole amount $3,950,000. This appropriation was $270,000, 
 or 7.33 per cent, greater than for the previous year. The appropriation 
 for the present fiscal year is $4,385,000. 
 
 The expenditures for the last fiscal year amounted to $3,908,396.60, 
 or $41,603.40 less than the appropriation. In no other fiscal year have 
 the requests for additional allowances for clerical service and separating 
 mails in post-offices been so numerous or so urgent as the past. These 
 requests have been made by postmasters in aU sections of the country, 
 but they have been especially necessary in the rapidly-growing portions 
 of the West and Southwest. Postmasters at many of the principal 
 cities in the older States have also applied for additional allowances for 
 clerk-hire, in consequence of the great increase of the business of their 
 offices from registered matter, merchandise passing through the mails, 
 and from other causes. After the passage of the act granting $100,000 
 additional for this purpose foj^ the past fiscal year, I found myself 
 somewhat embarassed, owing tOTiiany deserving applications, in makiug 
 a proper disposition of it. 
 
 The commission referred to in my report to the Postmaster-General 
 was determined upon as a measure of relief, as well as with a view to
 
 REPORT OF THE POST^IASTER-GENERAL 
 
 871 
 
 the better organization of the service in several of the large cities. The 
 adoption of their reconiraeii<lations resulted in a considoiabh^ saving of 
 funds, and furnished a better basis for making future allowances at the 
 offices visited. This did not aflord sutli«;ient rebel", liowever, nor li;i\ e 
 I 3'et been able, with the ai>i)roi)riati<)n at my command, to grant all the 
 requests from the South and West, which arc e<iually urgenr, though 
 the revenue dcriveil from these ollices is not so large as fr<un many in 
 the Xorth and East, nor is it in numerous instances at all in proportion 
 to the great amount of labor required. 
 
 I have therefore estimated the amount necessary to be ap])ropriated 
 for clerks in postofiices for the fiscal j-ear ending June M), 1881, at 
 $4,850,000, which is $405,000, or lO.G i)er cent., greater than the appro- 
 priation for the current year. I consider this amount absolutely re(iui- 
 site to meet the rapidly increasing and important requests of this char- 
 acter which are constantly being received, and are made necessary by 
 the remarkable expansion of postal business in all sections of the 
 country. 
 
 FREE-DELIVERY SERVICE. 
 
 The following were the estimates, appropriations, and exi)enditures 
 for this services and the incidental expenses thereof, during the two 
 past fiscal years : 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-'82. 
 
 Increue. 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appropriations. 
 Expenditares... 
 
 $2, 500, 000 00 
 2, 500, 000 00 
 2, 499, 911 54 
 
 |2. 700, 000 00 
 
 C 2, BOO, 000 00 
 
 \ 25, OiW 00 
 
 2, (Ka, 2C2 74 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 S 
 4.93 
 
 This system was in operation on the 30th of Juno last in 112 of the 
 principal cities of the country, and employed o,115 carriers. It has been 
 extended to 25 other cities since that date. 
 
 The regular appropriation of $2,000,000 for the past fiscal year wa« 
 increasedin thesum of $25,000, to meet ananticii)ated deficiency, making 
 $2,025,000 for the period, and an increase of $125,000, or 5 jkt cent., over 
 that of the previous year. The expenditures were $2,02;{,202.71 lor the 
 fiscal year, or $1,737.20 less than the appropriation. The co.st of the 
 service was increased $123,351.20 over that of the preceding year, prin- 
 cipally owing to the appointment of additional carriers in cities where 
 the service was already in operation. The service was extended to only 
 three cities during the year. 
 
 The postage on local matter for the year was $*3,810,57(;.00, an incn-aso 
 of $542,945.70 for the year. The average cost ])er i)ie<'e for luunUing 
 matter was 2.3 mills, a decrease of 0.1 mill as compared with thejast 
 year. The average cost i)er carrier was $835.75, a <lecrease of $37.70. 
 
 The appropriation for the jiresent liscal year is $3,-JOO,000, of which 
 amount $200,000 was ap|)ro|)riated by the terms of the act of August 
 2, 1882, which law requires the promotion of carriers to the next higher 
 grade after one year's service. 
 
 For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, it is estimated that an ap- 
 propriation of $3,000,000 will be required in order that free delivery may 
 be extended to other cities i)ossi'ssing the necessary qualification>J. either 
 of population (20,000) or of gross revenue (isL'O.OOO) from the j^ 
 that provision may bo made for the di'velopment of the serv. 
 it already exists, and that the pay of certain carriers may be iuciva.se.l 
 under the provisions of the law above nuuilioned.
 
 872 
 
 TAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 The increase of eatiniate is $400,000, or 12 per cent, more than the 
 amouut ai)i)r()priatcd for tlie current year. 
 
 A detailed explanation of the expenses of this service, as well as of 
 its popularity and usefulness, will be found in my annual report to the 
 Postmaster-General. 
 
 KENT, LianT, AND FUEL. 
 
 The estimates, appropriations, and expenditures for tliis item for the 
 two last fiscal years were as follows: 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-'82. 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appropriationa 
 Expenaitures.. 
 
 $450, 000 00 
 425, ODD 00 
 382, 714 8G 
 
 $500, 000 00 
 425, 000 00 
 401, 978 04 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Fer cent. 
 
 5.03- 
 
 The estimate for these items for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1884, 
 is $450,000, the same as the appropriation for the current year, and it 
 exceeds the exjienditures for the past year in the sum of $48,021.96, 
 or 11.94 per cent. By law allowances of this character are made only 
 at offices of the first and second classes, or where the salaries of the 
 postmasters are $2,000 and upwards i>er annum, and they are usually 
 based upon the amounts received at the diifereut oftices from box-rents 
 and the commissions upon the sales of stamps. The Increase in these 
 allowances during the past fiscal year over that of the preceding one 
 was $19,263.18, or 5.03 per cent. Of the whole amount expended, about 
 $305,000 was for rent of buildings for post-offices. 
 
 It has been my endeavor duiing the time I have been in the depart- 
 ment to secure for use, when permitted to do so by the postal laws, a 
 better class of buildings in the different cities for post-offices than have 
 heretofore been occupied, and my ellorts have been attended with con- 
 siderable success in mauj' places. Still further improvements can be 
 made and advantages secured in this particular, as the inhabitants of 
 the larger cities (where government buildings do not exist) have become 
 aware of the importance of a well-built and well-finished structure for 
 postal business. With this object in view I consider that an apiDropria- 
 tion of $450,000 Avould not be excessive for these items. 
 
 I am also of the opinion that some provision should be made by Con- 
 gress by which postmasters of the third class, whose salaries are $1,000- 
 and less than $2,000 per annum, should, to a certain extent, be relieved 
 from the payment of the rent of their oliices out of their salaries. Con- 
 sidering that the revenues of the department for the past fiscal year 
 exceeded the ex])euditures, it seems to me that liberality could be ob- 
 served in this direction. 
 
 OFFICE FURNITURE. 
 
 The estimates, appropriations, and exijeuditures for this purpose for 
 the past two years were as follows : 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 18Sl-'82. 
 
 Increase. • 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appropriations 
 Expenuilures.. 
 
 $20, 000 00 
 20, OCO 00 
 19, 29C 87 
 
 $2.1, 000 00 
 20, 000 00 
 20, 716 64 
 
 Ter cent. 
 
 7.35 
 
 The appropriation for this item for the present fiscal year is .S20,000, 
 or the same as for the previous yecw. and, in my judgment, is entirely
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GEKERAL. 873 
 
 too small for the purpoiso. The postal attairs of the country cannot be 
 properly and expeditiously conducted unless tiie ollices an? furnishwl 
 with suitable facilities in the way of furniture, such as tables for as 
 sorting the mails, desks for writing;-, ra«»ks lor hanj^in.^^ the mail-bags, 
 and many other articles which are absolutely ne<;essary for the jirojjer 
 transaction of business. I regret to say that within 'my own knowl- 
 edge there are many jjost-offices so ill-|>rovided in these respects that 
 it is a source of unfavorable comment by their patrons upon the de- 
 partmental management. Many i)0Stmaster8 have been comi)elled to 
 provide articles of furniture at their own expense, and assume the risk 
 of disposing of them to their successors. Especially is this the case in 
 the matter of safes, which are indispensable in all of the larger oflices. 
 During the past year tiie a])plJcations of jiost masters to have oflices 
 supplied with them have been more numerous than ever before. Con- 
 sidering that it was, to a certain extent, both economical and proj^er to 
 provide safes for many of tlu) important ollices where much registered 
 matter is sent for distribution to other i)oints, I ha\e made fpiite a 
 number of allowances for that purpose during tiie year, and the bills 
 for such items having be«'n i)reseut<Ml earlier tlian was anticipated, a 
 deficiency of $710.04: has thereby been create<l. 1 have estimated the 
 amount requisite for this item for the liscal year ending June -lO. Itt84, 
 at $30,000, an increase of 50 per cent, over the api>ropriation for the 
 j>resent yea/, and firmly believe the public interests require it. 
 
 STATIONERY IN POST-OFFICES. 
 
 The following were the estimates, appropriations, and expenditures 
 for this item for the past two fiscal years : 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appropriations. 
 Expuuditurcs... 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-82. Increue. 
 I Per MnL 
 
 $50,000 00' ♦00,000 00 
 
 fiO, OOO 00 ' 50, 000 00 I 
 
 49, 238 45 1 50. 517 28 { 14 
 
 The approiJiiation tor stationery for the current fiscal year is i»<r).5,0tM), 
 which is $5,000, or 10 i)er cent., moi-e than wasgranlcMl for either of the 
 two previous yeais, while the expenditures fur the year 1881-82 ex- 
 ceeded the ap|>rojiriali(m ibr this item, for the same ])eriod. in the sum 
 of 80,517.28, thereby causing u deficiency for the year of lliat amount. 
 The expenditures for the i»ast year were greater than those of the pre- 
 vious year by $7,278.83. or M per cent. 
 
 I much regret that a deficiency should have occjiiTcd for stationery 
 during the past year. The causes were that no iucreiise was matle In 
 the ai)propriation lor this item for the year, although an estimate for 
 $10,000 Mddilional was made; that the lerpiests Vor th«< articles used 
 under this item are becoming more numerous and urgent <'acii year, 
 and in the same <b'gree in which tlie postal business is augmeute<l: and 
 further, that by the regulations of the departnu-nt, postmasters at first 
 and second class oflices (the only ones who are entitled to allowances 
 for these items) are ])ermitH'd to jturchasi' the necessary stationei'y 
 without making a])i)licatiou to tlMMleparlmeiit f«>r flu- same. The sta- 
 tionery used by nniny post oflice inspectors ami railway mail service 
 sui)erintendents has also been paid tor out of this item. 
 
 It is the fust finie that a (h'(icien<'y in this appropriation has occurred 
 in s(^veral years, and it «'ould have Iven avoided if the returns <of the 
 postmasters to the Au<litor wer«Meadily accissible at thet-nd oTj-ach 
 quarter. The esiimatc lor this item fv)r the next fiscal yeai* has iVeell
 
 874 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 placed at $65,000, au increase of $10,000, or 18 per cent, over that of 
 the current year, and I know of no good reason wliy that appropriation 
 should not be made. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS AND INCIDENTAL ITEMS. 
 
 The following were the estimates, ai)propriation8, and expenditures 
 for these items during the two past fiscal years: 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appropriations 
 Expeuaiturea . . 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 $90, 000 00 
 85, 000 00 
 80, 989 15 
 
 1881-'82. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 $100,000 00 
 90, OOO 00 
 68, 594 76 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 15.30 
 
 The appropriation for the present fiscal year is 890,000, or the same 
 as for the last year, and is but 85,000, or 5.88 per cent., greater than 
 that for the year ended June 30, 1880-'81. It will be perceived that 
 the expenditures for the past fiscal year were 812,394.39, or 15.30 per 
 cent, less than for the year previous. This was mainly due to the fact 
 that the expenses for the miscellaneous and incidental items of the rail- 
 way mail service, heretofore charged to this office, were, during the 
 last half of that fiscal year, transferred to the accounts of the Second 
 Assistant Postmaster- General's office, in the absence of any specific 
 appropriation therefor. ]S"evertheless I do not anticipate that the ex- 
 penditures for these items will again be as low as they were during the 
 past year. 
 
 The same necessity exists as heretofore for the rental of telephones, 
 for telegraphic communications, and the many other expenses incidental 
 to the proper dispatch of business in post-offices, and must necessarily 
 increase in proportion as the country expands and the postal business 
 increases. Post-offices cannot be successfully conducted without the 
 numerous little appliances to facilitate business which are ordinarily 
 seen in other large public and private establishments; and I have 
 therefore estimated the amount necessary for these items for the next 
 fiscal year at 890,000, or the same as appropriated for the present year. 
 
 BLANK AGENCY. 
 
 Some time prior to my report of last year tliis division of the depart- 
 ment was detached from this bureau and assigned by the Postmaster- 
 General to his officej hence no estimates were then prepared by me for 
 its appropriations. 
 
 The division having been since restored to the office of the First As- 
 sistant Postmaster-General, the estimates for its service are again sub- 
 mitted by that officer. 
 
 WRAPPING-PAPER. 
 
 The estimates, appropriations, and expenditures for this article for the 
 two past fiscal years were as follows : 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-'82. 
 
 Increase. Decrease. 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appropriations 
 Espenditores.. 
 
 $20, 000 00 
 20, 000 00 
 24, 900 00 
 
 $20, 000 00 
 
 J 20, 000 00 
 
 \ 5. 000 00 ' 
 
 19, 993 59 
 
 Per cent 
 
 Per cent 
 
 19. 7J
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 875 
 
 The appropriation for tliis it«^in lor tlic current iiscul year is $l'2,000, 
 or 10 per c<;iit. over tlie expenditures of the hist year. 
 
 Ill autieipatiou of a delieieiicy for this article (lurinjj tlio i)ast year, 
 an additional ap[)iopriation of $.5,000 was asked for. it was not ^iven, 
 however, until very late in tiie session (Au;,Mist5, l.S.SL*), and consequently 
 was not available during tin; ii.seal year. It will be observed that tlui 
 expenditures for the liscal year ]880-'81 were $4,000.51 j;reater than tor 
 the last year, which was owinjj to the greater demand by postmasters 
 for wrapping-i)aper, and a higher contract price for the article. 
 
 To meet the possible increase in the price of wrapping-paper, and to 
 provide for the additional demand, especially for projjcrly jueparing 
 packages of registered matter and merchandise for mailing, I have esti- 
 mated the appropriation requisite for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 1884, at 825,000, or the same as the total amount granted last year, and 
 an increase of 13.63 per cent, over the present appropriation. 
 
 WRAPPING-TWINE. 
 
 The following were the estimates, appropriations, and expenditures 
 for this item during the two imst fiscal years: 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 1881-'82, 
 
 I>«onM«. 
 
 Estimates 
 
 AppropriHtions 
 Expentliiurcs.. 
 
 fiO, 000 00 
 55,000 00 
 84,G03 38 
 
 9.^0.000 00 
 65,000 00 
 52,754 04 
 
 Pw tent. 
 
 37.64 
 
 The appropriation for the present fiscal year is $55,000, or the same 
 as for the preceding year. It is also an increase of 4.25 per cent, over 
 the expenditures for this article for the last fiscal year. It will be noticed 
 that the expenditnres for the year ended June 30, 1881, were $31,848.74, 
 or G0.37 per cent, in excess of those for the i)ast year. This was mainly 
 due to the high contract price of the article iis compared with jjivvious 
 years. Hence it will be seen that an estimate cannot easily be made 
 for a commodity which is so liable to lluctnate in value, but I submit 
 the same estimate for the year ending June 30, 1884, as for the last year, 
 $55,000, in the hope that it will be sullieieiit to cover all contingencies. 
 This amount is the same as the appropriation for the present year. 
 
 MARKING AND RATING STAMPS. 
 
 The estimates, appropriations, and expenditures for these articles for 
 the past two fiscal years were as follows: 
 
 EstiinatoH 
 
 Appr()i>i'iutiiiii0'. 
 ExpenilitiireB... 
 
 1880-'81. 
 
 fi:., WO 00 
 1.1. :-'<» (K) 
 
 la, 4-J0 50 
 
 188t-'8X 
 
 InCTMM. 
 
 115.000 00 
 15.000 00 
 14, 144 SO 
 
 II, 500 00 
 M4 80 
 
 The ai)piO])riation for these items for the current fiscal year is the 
 same as for the last one, .$15,000, and exceeds the expenditures for the 
 past year in the sum of only $S."i5.70. 
 
 The expendituH's for the liseal year just closed were but $G44.S0 
 greater than tlios*' for the year i>revious. It will therefore be jieireived 
 that the recent appropriations for the above articles have not been at 
 all extravagant.
 
 876 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 I have estimated the a]>pro])riation necessary for these items for the 
 fiscal year endiu^ June 30, 1884, at 825,000, an iucrease of $10,000, or 
 6()§ per cent, over that for tlie present year; and have done so for the 
 following reasons: 
 
 By tlie postal regulations it is necessary that the gross receipts of a 
 post-oliice should be S50 per annum to entitle it to receive a letter bal- 
 ance aiul a marking and rating staui]) at the expense of the department. 
 This regulatum has been productive of much inconvenience both to the 
 l)Ostmaster and the public, and has undoubtedly been the cause of con- 
 siderable loss of revenue to the dei)artment, from the failure of the 
 postmaster to properly weigh, rate up, and cancel the postage-stamps 
 upon the mailable matter deposited in his office. The number of post- 
 offices so dei)rived of these facilities for postal business is estimated at 
 10,000, and at these offices such stamps as are used have been paid for 
 by the postmaster. 
 
 The Postmaster-General having called the attention of Congress to 
 this matter, an appropriation of 835,000 was made at the last session 
 for the purpose of partially remedying it, and already under the law 
 about 800 fourth-class offices have been sujiplied "with the necessary 
 implements for canceling stamps and weighing and post-marking mail 
 matter," the limit being the value of $5 to each office. Itemized this 
 expense is about as follows: 
 
 Scales $2 80 
 
 Stamp 79 
 
 Pad 60 
 
 Ink 40 
 
 Total.-. 4 59 
 
 The above appropriation for this purpose will therefore supply about 
 7,000 post-offices, and it is with a view of furnishing the remaining 3,000 
 with these implements, and also supplying all new offices with these 
 materials, that the increase of 810,000 is in part asked for. Postmas- 
 ters at many of the larger offices also frequently request to be furnished 
 with new marking and rating stamps, in consequence of the old ones 
 having become damaged or inaccurate. Ordinaiily these stamps have 
 to be renewed in all offices after from two to four years' use. 
 
 The following were the estimates, appropriations, and expenditures 
 for tiiese items for the two past fiscal years : 
 
 18S0-'81. 
 
 1881-'82. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Estimates 
 
 Appi opriations 
 Expenaiturea.. 
 
 $10, 000 00 
 8, 000 00 
 7, 907 80 
 
 $10, 000 00 
 10, OIK) 00 
 10, 000 00 
 
 Per cent 
 
 25.00 
 25.03 
 
 The appropriation for these articles for the current fiscal year is 
 ),000, or 50 per cent, more than for the previous one, and it is like- 
 wise 50 per cent, more than the expenditures for the past year, which 
 exceeded those of the fiscal vcar 1S80-'81 in the sum of $2,002.20, or 
 25.03 per cent. 
 
 In my remarks above in connection with a largely increased estimate 
 for the articles of marking and rating stamps, I have substantially as- 
 signed reasons why a much larger appropriation should also be made 
 for letter-balances, scales, and test-weights. I therefore consider further 
 explanation unnecessary for submitting an estimate of $25,000 for these 
 items. This is an increase of $10,000, or 6G§ per cent, over the present
 
 REPORT OP THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 877 
 
 appropriation, and, in my opinion, is fully justitied by the benefit ex- 
 pected to be conferred upon the department if it shall be given. 
 
 INK FOE STAMPING AND CANCELING PURPOSES. 
 
 This item bas not been before included in the regular estimates. 
 
 In pursuance of the policy adopted at the last session of Congress 
 with reference to fourth-class offices, alluded to above in my'estimate 
 for marking and rating stamps, I am of the oi)imon that it should here- 
 after be annually mentioned as ne<.'essaiy. li\ order, therefore, that p«st- 
 offices now denied this article at departmental exi)ense may be supi)li«'<l 
 thierewith, I have to suggest that >!10,0CM) be asked for this item for the 
 next tiscal year. 
 
 In this connection I desire to say, that of the many articles use<l by 
 postmasters in the transaction of their business, none is of couipara- 
 tively more value in its relations to the revenue of the department than 
 ink for stamping and canceling purposes. Unless it is of fin])erior 
 quality, and uniformly used, many irregularities must occur iu postal 
 matters, and the proceeds of the sales of many stamps must be neutral- 
 ized by their imperfect cancellation. I am aware that the matter of 
 j)rocuring an ink suitable in color, and at the same time indelible, and 
 furnishing it without expense to all postmasters for use iu their j)ostal 
 business, has been many times under consideration by the department. 
 Postmasters at fii-st aud second chiss offices have found it absolutely 
 necessary to use the best quality of ink they could procure, aud their 
 returns for the expense of the same have been made and allowo<l in 
 their quarterly accounts. Postmasters at many other ottices have l^een 
 in the habit of furnishing, at their own expense, staini)ing ink of various 
 colors aud grades, which in many instances have not proved at all suit- 
 able for the purpose. Under these circumstances I consider that if 
 Congi-ess would give its attention to this matter and authorize the Post- 
 mavSter-General to expend a suitable amount of money for the purchase 
 of a proper ink for canceling purposes, to be used in all fiost-offices, such 
 action would be of inestimable benefit to the dei)artment. I hope that 
 you will take occasion to recommend that this be done. 
 
 PADS FOR STAMPING AND (^ANCELING PURPOSES. 
 
 This item has not before been estimated for in the usual manner. The 
 provision made for their purchase at fourth-class oflices, referred to 
 under the head of marking and rating stamps, necessitates an estimate 
 for them for the next tiscal year. 1 suggest that .*1(),00() be appro- 
 priated for these articles, as they are a necessary accompaniment 
 wherever stamping-ink is used for canceling puri>oscs. 
 
 DEPARTMENTAL PRINTING, BINDING, ETC. 
 
 The estimate for this item for the next fiscal year lias l>een prepared 
 in this office, and forwarded by the Postmaster-General to the Secretary 
 of the Treasury, in accordance with the previous practice. 
 
 DEPARTMENTAL STATIONERY. 
 
 The estimate for this item lias been prepared, and will bo a<ldrossed, 
 according to custom, to the Postmaster (Icneral, who will include it in 
 the statement to be snbmilted by him relative to estimates for other 
 departmental exi)enses for the next llscal year. 
 
 The aggregate (»f the above estimate is, as before stated, ?in..V»0,<Kll.'jr), 
 which is $2,227, 01>1. 2"), or 12.00 per « t-nt.. muic than the ap|'ro})riafion'> 
 for the cun-eut iiscal year.
 
 878 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 A tabular statement, marked E, will be found appended to these esti* 
 mates, giving further information in regard to them. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 Estimate for 1881-'82, $15,135,000. 
 
 Estimate for 1882-'83, $16,777,000; increase, $1,642,000, or 10.80 per 
 cent. 
 
 Estimate for 1883-'84, $19,369,091.25; increase, $2,592,091.25, or 15.45 
 per cent. 
 
 Appropriation for 1881-'82, $16,257,206.88. 
 
 Appropriations for 1882-'83, $17,142,000 ; increase, $884,793.12, or 5.44 
 per cent. 
 
 Expenditures for 1880-'81, $15,138,650.66. 
 
 Expenditures for 1881-^82, $16,141,035.31; increase, $1,002,384.65, or 
 662 per cent. 
 
 In closing the above statement, it is proper to say that unless the 
 original appropriations for the past fiscal year had been, in some in- 
 stances, considerably increased by subsequent legislation during the 
 last session of Congress, the postal business, so far as the allowances 
 of this bureau for the service are concerned, could not have been con- 
 ducted so satisfactorily as it has been. I hope that an equally liberal 
 spirit will be manifested by Congress in the consideration of the present 
 estimates, and that there will be no hesitation among the members of 
 that body in doing all that seems reasonable and proper to aid in pro- 
 moting the efficiency of the postal service by gi-anting the enlarged 
 appropriation asked for. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Hon. T. O. Howe, 
 Postmaster- General. 
 
 FEANK HATTOi^, 
 First Assistant Postmaster- General. 
 
 EEPORT OF THE SECOND ASSISTAl^T POSTMASTER- 
 
 GENERAL. 
 
 Post-Office Department, 
 Office of the Second Assistant Postmaster-General, 
 
 Washington, D. C, October 20, 1882. 
 
 Sir: The cost of inland transportation June 30, 1882, was: 
 
 Of 1,389 railroad routes, aggregating 100,563 miles $12,753,184 
 
 Of 109 steamboat routes, aggregating 15, 434 miles 574 ,019 
 
 Of 10,797 star routes, aggregating 227,621 miles 5,553,849 
 
 Total cost 18,881,052 
 
 Comparison with the last annual statement shows, for the railroad 
 service an increase of 195 routes, of 8,994 miles, and of $1,139,816 in 
 annual cost; for the steamboat service, a decrease of 17 routes, of 5,704 
 miles, and of $179,148 in annual cost; for the star service, an increase 
 of 525 routes, a decrease of 3,678 miles upon contract prices and annual 
 salaries, irrespective of fines and deductions ; hence the apparent dis- 
 crepancy between those tables and the Auditor's statement.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 879 
 
 STAR SERVICE. 
 
 In my preceding report the orders reducing the star service were 
 stated to June 30, 1881, and since that date the following reductions 
 have been made: July, 1881, $384,397; August, $lli2,G-47; September, 
 $111,050; October, $83,451; November, $145,327; December, $210,831 ; 
 January, 1882, 867,539; February, $45,012; March, $41,«J29; April, 
 $16,988; May, $7,903; and June, $39,059. Total, $1,275,890. 
 
 Aggregate decrease , 1 $1,275,809 
 
 Aggregate increase 411,093 
 
 Net decrease 6454,806 
 
 In all cases, to determine the proper measure of increase or decrease 
 of service, 
 
 THE PRODUCTIVENESS OF THE ROUTES 
 
 is one of the standards by which the postal necessities of the people are 
 considered, and in the endeavor to supply all communities with ade- 
 quate facilities the gauge of revenue to assist in determining the fre- 
 quency and cost of service is relaxed in respect to the extreme western 
 section of the country. In that section, in many cases, to sujjply^ oflices 
 of the same grade as those in the Eastern States, the cost of an oqual 
 number of trips per week is greater on account of the increase of dis- 
 tance and the comparative difliculty of traversing the routes, and 
 the same j^rinciple is observed with regard to portions of the southern 
 section of the country, the tests applied to northern routes not being 
 closely adhered to, l)ecause of the greater area over which the popula- 
 tion to bo supplied is distributed. 
 
 The element of revenue, derived from the post-oflices to be suppli«'d, 
 controlled in the preparation of the advertisements of October 15, 1881, 
 and March 1, 1882, for 
 
 SERVICE GOINO- INTO OPERATION JULY 1, 1882, 
 
 in the States of Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, Colo- 
 rado, Nevada, California, and Oregon, and the Territories of Dakota, 
 Indian, Montana, Wyoming, "Washington, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, and 
 New Mexico. In these Stat<'s and Territories the routes were uniformly 
 advertised on schedules which, it is believed, will meet all requirements 
 without resorting to orders of expedition. In the i)roce88 of readjust- 
 ment, certain large routes were divided into smaller ones, and thus 
 opened to a less restricted conip<'tition, whih^ by changing tlie termini, 
 a saving of distance and cost has been obtaimnl. 
 
 The following table illustrates the change in tlii.s Pacillc section by 
 the readjustment:
 
 880 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Louisiana ^ tii^vnspoktation. 
 
 Texas 
 
 Indian Territory. 
 Kansas.......... 
 
 Nebraska . 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Montana .- 
 
 Wyoming ...... - 
 
 Colorado .... .... 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 Arizona..- 
 
 Utah 
 
 Idaho 
 
 "Washington 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Nevada . 
 
 California j July 1, 1682 
 
 A fair 
 
 COMPABISON OF COST OF STAR SEBVICE, 
 
 Miles. 
 
 JimclK), 1881 28,078,319 
 
 Ji ly 1, 1882 25,797,74(i 
 
 Decrease 8.12 per cent,, or 2,280,57:j 
 
 COST. 
 
 >Juno30, 1881 $4,019,824 
 
 July 1,1882 2,018,635 
 
 Decrease 49.78 per cent., or 2,001,189 
 
 COST PER >nLE. 
 
 Juno30, 1881 $0 14.32 
 
 7.62 
 
 under old and new contracts, can be made by the table which follows; 
 and while it will be observed that in some cases the routes are not 
 changed under new contracts, there are in others slight increases or 
 decreases, either in distance, speed, or the number of trips; but in 
 every instance a decrease in the amount of compensation : 
 
 Termini of route. 
 
 Under old contracts, as 
 increased. 
 
 P d 
 
 Undernew contracts, from 
 July 1, 1882. 
 
 32273 
 
 36107 
 36115 
 36124 
 38146 
 38155 
 39104 
 40103 
 40105 
 40109 
 40116 
 40122 
 42121 
 44149 
 45101 
 45114 
 
 45132 
 
 46120 
 461.S2 
 46245 
 46246 
 46263 
 4G136 
 40267 
 
 Monroe to SLreveport 
 
 Rio Grande City to Laredo 
 
 Au.stiu to Fort Concho 
 
 Abilene to Fort Concho 
 
 Caldwell to Fort Sill 
 
 Camp Supply to Dodge City 
 
 Camp Supply to Moheetie 
 
 Hutchinson to Medicine Lodge. . 
 
 Bozeman to Miles City 
 
 Helena to Missoula 
 
 Silver Bow to Deer Lodge 
 
 Del Norte to Ouray. 
 
 Antelope Springs to Silverton... 
 
 Socorro to Fort'Stanton 
 
 Prescottto Mohave City 
 
 Ehrenberg to Signal 
 
 Floience to McMillan 
 
 PbcBuix to Prescott 
 
 Kitchfleld to Kanab 
 
 Lava to Salmon City 
 
 Koseburg to Empire City 
 
 Reno to Susanville 
 
 Winnemucca to Paradise Valley 
 
 Wells to Hamilton 
 
 Soledad to NewhaD 
 
 Juliaii to Colton 
 
 Redding to Weaverville 
 
 Redding to Roseburgh 
 
 Trelva to Shasta 
 
 Calieiito to Independence 
 
 Willow Ranch to Reno 
 
 122 
 
 121 
 
 249 
 
 04 
 
 189i 
 
 94' 
 
 94 
 
 : 39 
 
 45 
 
 328 
 
 151 
 
 36 
 
 230 
 
 63 
 
 120 
 
 190 
 
 126 
 
 125 
 
 105 
 
 205 
 
 135 
 
 72 
 
 92 
 
 45 
 
 ;ioo 
 
 I 106 
 "332 
 121 
 46 
 280 
 122 
 226 
 212 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 3 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7-3 
 7 
 7 
 3 
 3 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 H 
 15 
 7 
 3 
 7 
 
 lOJ 
 6' 
 6 
 
 $22, 367 00 
 
 8, 439 00 
 
 28, 600 00 
 
 19, 709 00 
 
 34, 200 00 
 
 5,707 00 
 
 12, 300 00 
 
 5, 824 00 
 
 76, 999 95 
 
 18, 739 58 
 4, 3()5 5fi 
 
 36, 290 53 
 
 13, 253 33 
 16,770 16 
 28, 697 15 
 
 9, 119 42 
 17, 569 89 
 32 640 32 
 14,340 00 
 
 19, 345 45 
 13, 775 00 
 11,752 85 
 
 5, 280 00 
 
 16, 883 82 
 
 55, 424 33 
 8, 010 00 
 
 6, 066 66 
 89,000 00 
 19, 359 99 
 36, 284 33 
 41, 100 00 
 
 729, 060 32 
 
 As further illustrating the reduction in cost under the advertisement 
 referred to, a table follows, showing; cost under old contracts after increase
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTEI^»GENERAL. 
 
 881 
 
 of trips aud expedition of seiiedules, cost after orders rcdiuiiig service, 
 aud compeusatiou under the awards of ii(;\v contracts at the last lettiuj;: 
 
 'A 
 
 Termiiii of route. 
 
 Under old coutracts ^'"><''- <'|<1 <ontracts Fndi-r new con- 
 n- iiwTP 1.I..I1 "" r'''i'i<<l Hiucc I trartH fioin July 
 
 ortincreaoca. Mar. h 4, Ikki. | l, 18«.'. 
 
 
 Annnal 
 pay. 
 
 * 
 
 Annual 
 pay. 
 
 
 
 Aonnal 
 pay. 
 
 37110 
 38113 
 38118 
 38131 
 38134 
 28135 
 3814U 
 38150 
 38156 
 38157 
 38145 
 30109 
 30116 
 4;il01 
 40105 
 4J113 
 4U40 
 44154 
 44155 
 44160 
 40213 
 
 Eock Creek to Fort Custer 
 
 Kawliiis to Meeker 
 
 Monniiicnt to River Bend 
 
 Salida to Del Norto 
 
 Pueblo to Kosit-ii 
 
 Putljlo to Greenhorn 
 
 Trinidad to 31 ad i sou 
 
 Sagua^'ho to Barnum 
 
 Silverton to ParrottCity 
 
 Gardner to liosita ." 
 
 Ojo Caliento to Animas City .. 
 
 iJaH Vegas to La« Cniccs 
 
 La Cinta to Katou 
 
 Prescott U) Santa I'lj 
 
 Ehrenberg to Mineral Park . .. 
 
 Wileox to Clifton 
 
 Eugene City to Mitchell 
 
 The DnHes to Lake View 
 
 The Dalle.s to Baker City 
 
 Canyon City to Fort ilulieruiott 
 Cloverdale to Eureka 
 
 3311 
 165 
 7^ 
 84 
 50; 
 3'J 
 6« 
 
 7 75 
 7 45 
 
 7, 17, 
 7 17 
 7, 10 
 
 3, 7| 
 3I 12 
 
 317-31 18' 
 69 61 15| 
 52 6-3| 10 
 
 174 
 
 424 
 168 
 
 4u; 
 
 167 
 1951 
 
 7 501 
 3 12(t 
 
 3 4li 
 fl! 84 
 3 48; 
 7i 34 
 3 50 
 
 240 
 210 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 96 
 53 
 
 $100, 
 
 31, 
 
 11. 
 
 17, 
 
 8. 
 
 •1, 
 
 4, 
 
 7, 
 
 14, 
 
 3, 
 
 31, 
 
 39, 
 
 H, 
 
 105, 
 
 18, 
 
 27, 
 
 21, 
 
 20, 
 
 72, 
 
 50, 
 
 43, 
 
 I 
 
 165 83 365 
 9rtl 25 16.'. 
 200 OOi 45I 
 347 93 sol 
 148 m...\. 
 
 945 60 
 290 30 
 
 166 40 
 870 01 
 920 67 
 343 70 
 090 72 4211 
 .3M 42 115 
 401 75 171 
 6U0 00 132| 
 913 5«;167| 
 460 89 195! 
 300 00 1K7 3-1 
 520 00 275; 3 
 166 66' 75' 1 
 414 88210 7 
 
 15 
 
 32 1 3 
 45 3 
 22 7-3 
 69' 6 
 52 6-3 
 74| 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 647, 038 06 
 
 $11,002 
 5,100 
 1. 125 
 4, 7.59 
 
 (•) 
 1.315 
 1,C14 
 1,454 
 
 5. :m 
 
 l,9«.'f 
 2,115 
 
 17,214 
 3,275 
 8.388 
 9,119 
 .3,987 
 2, 324 
 4,308 
 
 12, 4.32 
 902 
 
 23.500 
 
 41393 3 
 
 no 165 3 
 
 00 45 3 
 
 43, 72, 7, 
 
 108113.070 00 
 59 7,320 W» 
 12 1,049 Ou 
 14 0,600 00 
 
 20 20. 3 
 0(1 50l 3 
 55 24' 3 
 73| 7» 
 .33 42 6-3 
 90l 7« .t 
 17333 
 02116 
 00 1711 
 42 120' 
 65107 
 03 11.1 
 06 197 3-1 
 0U2(n; 3 
 .50 75' 1 
 00 210| 7 
 
 400 00 
 
 000 00 
 
 »30 00 
 
 4, 240 00 
 
 1. 4CM (10 
 
 2. .'.79 00 
 
 3 105 lit. 1-0 (K» 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 121,301 30' 
 
 I I 
 
 3,230 C"J 
 7, 3V) CO 
 5,90; to 
 
 5, 9l»J (K> 
 
 1.3.12 00 
 4,000 00 
 7.700 00 
 1. 244 00 
 9,975 00 
 
 »7,1M00 
 
 'Discontinued. 
 
 It will be observed that 
 
 THE DECREASE OF COST 
 
 of the several routes under tlu^ leltinpr, from tin; rates ])aid for the snnio 
 or nearly siinilnr service alter the orders of redm-tion, conipIet«'ly refutes 
 the allegation that was frequently made hy contractors, when (tpposin;; 
 curtailments, that the orders would coiiii>el them to trai:sp(»rt the mails 
 at an actual loss. 
 
 The exact rediictiou of expense under the readjustment of the routes 
 in the l*acific section is properly the. subject of the succtvdin.u: report, 
 although it is made apparent now in a ioregoing table and in tluulimiu- 
 ished estimate for the star service for tlie next liscal year. 
 
 The rate of exiienditure on star routes on .Inne, .JO, 1881', was 1^5,553,849, 
 a decrease of 8l,-lU.i,5()r) comi)are(l with the cost rate at the clo.se of the 
 previous year. A jiortion of this reduction is due to extension of rail- 
 road service, and, as stated in my juevious rcptut, a portion of the or- 
 ders that augmented this sa\ingweie made in the prior liscal year, and, 
 taking eliect in the subsc(pieiit year, are gf necessity embraced in the 
 amount given above. 
 
 NEEDED LEGISLATION. 
 
 lu my former re])ort it was suggested that statutes should bt^ enn<'ted 
 repealing .section .')J).").'i of the l{evis<d Statutes rccpuring dejiosits of <'er- 
 titled checks with ])roi)<»sals for carrying the mails; autlMU-izing exten- 
 sion of service on star routes; and preseiiliing penalties to b.- imposctj 
 upon postmasters or emi)loyt's tbi" making false reports of arrivals and 
 deitartures of the mails. I also made speci.d reeonimeiidation during 
 the last session of (.'ongress for the repeal of .section ."ilKU of die K'evi.-^ed 
 Statutes and the proviso of the .second .section of the act of .\]uil 7, IS80, 
 56 Ab
 
 882 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 relative to the rate of compensation to be allowed for expedition in car- 
 rying the mails, and a further recommendation was made respecting the 
 rate to be fixed for employing temj>orary mail service. A draught of a 
 subcontract law was also submitted. But a y)ortion of the recommenda- 
 tions were reached dui'ing the session, and only the suggestions relating 
 to extension of routes and the rate for temporary service were adopted. 
 In regard to the subcontract law a substitute for the draught referred to 
 was enacted. 
 
 In another part of this report I have given, for the purpose of refer- 
 ence and record, a table (F) of 
 
 ORDERS OF EXPEDITION 
 
 from January 1, 1872, to April 30, 1881, since which last date no orders 
 expediting star service have been made. 
 
 Upon the basis of expenditure for star service, June 30, 1882, already 
 stated at $5,553,849, the estimate for all new ser\ice and necessary in- 
 creases under present contracts to June 30, 1884, can, with the service 
 now in operation, be ])rovided for with an appropriation of $5,500,000, 
 and this amount is accordingly recommended. It is estimated also that 
 at the close of the present fiscal year there will be covered into the 
 Treasury an unexi)euded balance of $2,250,000 on account of reduction 
 of star service. 
 
 STEAMBOAT SERYICE. 
 
 Since my former report, changes were made in the steamboat service 
 as follows : By orders of reduction in July, 1881, $4,962 ; August, $15,333 ; 
 September, $19,377; October, $12,200; November, $159; December, 
 $8,460; January, 1882, $0; February, $0; March, $2,121; April, $27,186; 
 May, $0; and June, $900; total, $90,698. 
 
 During the same i3eriod orders Avere made increasing the cost as 
 follows: Jul3^, $17,102; August, $700; September, $33,686; October, 
 $5,081; November, $0; December, $0; January, $21,506; February, 
 $600; Marcli, $25,994; April, $3,640; May, $2,425, and June, $2,000; 
 total, $112,734, being a net increase in cost during the year of $22,036. 
 
 Of the increase in July the sum of $10,000 made possible a saving 
 of $37,000, which was included in the gross reduction of steamboat serv- 
 ice for the preceding year. Of the increase in September the sum of 
 $22,036 represents, not an actual increase, but routes on which con- 
 tract service expired .lune 30, 1881, and which were not renewed under 
 contract until September 1, the service in the mean time having been 
 continued under orders of recognition at the rate named. Of the in- 
 crease in January and Marcli service at the rate of $30,000 per annum 
 was ordered and continued only during the overflow of the Mississippi 
 Eiver and its lower tributaries, which afforded all necessary facilities 
 that were applied for by the people in the submerged districts. 
 
 The rate of expenditure for steamboat service at the close of the fis- 
 cal year ending June 30, 1882, was $574,019, a decrease compared with 
 the cost for the previous year of $179,148. A portion of this decrease 
 is applicable to orders made prior to the beginning of the last fiscal 
 year. 
 
 The estimate for steamboat service for tbe year ending June 30, 1884, 
 is submitted at $700,000, being a decrease of $100,000 from the present 
 appropriation. About $150,000 will be covered into the Treasury aa 
 an unexpended balance of the steamboat service appropriation for the 
 current fiscal year.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 883 
 
 MAIL MESSENGERS. 
 
 TLe rate of expenditure for mail -raessenffer service for the fiscal year 
 ended June 30, 1882, was $724,207, or $7.20 per mile on 100,063 miles of 
 railroad service. 
 
 Upon the above basis of cost per mile of railroad service the estimate 
 for mail messengers for the fiscal year ending Juno 30, 1884, is given at 
 $850,000. J y b 
 
 MAIL TRANSFERS IN LARGE CITIES, 
 
 I desire to call your special attention to the appended report and 
 estimate of Mr. D. B. Parker, chief inspector, in which ho suggests 
 that the work of transferring the mails between the po.st-oflices, depots, 
 and wharves in thecities of Boston, New York, Phihulelphia, Washing- 
 ton, and Chicago, be performed with an equipment to be owned and 
 operated by the government. The transfer service in the great cities 
 is, as it were, a vital point in the matter of mail transportation. The 
 competition in bidding has brought the compensation for performing 
 this important service so low that total failures have resulted in some 
 cases, while in others the equipment is managed so economically that 
 the efficiency of the service is impaired. It is believed that the plan 
 proposed would not increase the cost; that it would give additional 
 security to the mails, and atford the most efficient and acceptable trans- 
 fer service that could be performed. Mr. Parkei-'s long experience, as 
 chief inspector, willi this class of service, gives to his views the weight 
 and importance which the able conduct of the affairs of his office war- 
 rants, and after careful consideration I earnestly comTinMul liis sugges- 
 tion to your notice. 
 
 MAIL EQUir:\ii:NTS. 
 
 The cost of new mail bags and mail catchers and rei)air of old ones 
 for the year ending June 30, 1882, was $198,380.88; and for now mail 
 locks and repair of old ones, $24,900.50, The appropriations for that 
 year were, for the first two items, $200,000, and for the last item $25,(KX>. 
 It will therefore be seen that the necessities of the service required 
 the expenditure of the entire auiounts appropriated. The amounts 
 which it is necessary to ai)propriate for these objects for the year end- 
 ing June 30, 1884, are as follows; 
 
 For mail hags and mail catchers $2'2rt. CHX) 
 
 Maillocksand keys 'JO, 000 
 
 The reason for the increased estimate for mail bags and catchers is 
 found in tlie very rapid extension of the railroad system, and the more 
 frequent forwarding of ])oucheK on raihoad routes, and the large num- 
 ber of post-oflices established on such linos. 
 
 For these reasons, which apply with more force to the transactions 
 of the current year than was anticipattMl when the estimates wore made, 
 it is probable that the appropriations for this fiscal year may bo founcl 
 to be inadequate. 
 
 Table N shows expenditures for mail bags and mail catchers. 
 
 Table O shows expenditures for mail looks. 
 
 Table P shows all contracts for above items, with price, &c., in opera- 
 tion June 30, 1882. 
 
 SPECIAL FACILITIES. 
 
 The appropriation for special facilities on the great lines for the cur- 
 rent year is $600,000. I would suggest that a like sum bo provided
 
 884 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 for 1884, as it is not clear tbat serious injury would not result to the 
 public if the service secured by this expenditure were discontinued. 
 
 RAILWAY POSTAL CLERKS. 
 
 The appro]iriation for railway postal clerks for the current year is 
 $3,710,000. The average increase for this item for the past six years 
 has been at the rate of 7.20 per cent, per annum, and estimating the 
 cost for 1884 at the same rate of increase, will make the sum required 
 $3,977,120. The particulars with regard to this item will be found in 
 the report of the General Superintendent of Eailway Mail Service. 
 
 FINES AND DEDUCTIONS. 
 
 The amount withheld from all branches of the service on account of 
 fines and deductions for the year ending June 30, 1882, was $192,230.25. 
 
 This sum is not so great as was shown for the two years last preced- 
 ing. The shrinkage is attributable mainly to two causes, one of which 
 is that the most expensive of the star service, which was performed in 
 a section of the country particularly liable to interruption from various 
 causes, and from which a large portion of the tines were derived, nearlj- 
 all ceased in 1881 ; the other cause of the reduction, the rigorous win- 
 ter of 1S80-'81, was followed by an unusually mild winter, in which 
 there were few failures on account of the weather. The amount de- 
 ducted is, however, more than the average, and more than was ever 
 deducted in any one year prior to 1880. 
 
 RAILROAD SERVICE— GENERAL STATEMENT. 
 
 First. Cost of all transportation, on -wliicli rates liave been adjusted, to 
 
 Jane 30, 188"2, by books of the Post-Office Department $11,297,333 
 
 Cost of same June 30, 1881 10,249,261 
 
 Increase for 1882 over 1881 1,048,072 
 
 Rate of increase 10.23 per cent. 
 
 Unadjusted service June 30, 1882, 8,449 miles. 
 
 Second. Cost to June 30, 1882, Auditor's statement $10,248,515 
 
 Appropriation for 1882 9,458,200 
 
 Escess of cost over appropriation 790, 315 
 
 Rate of increase of cost over appropriation, 8.35 per cent. 
 
 Unadjusted service for year ending June 30, 1882, 3,464 miles; estimated 
 
 cost 125,000 
 
 Total , 915,315 
 
 Rate of increase of audited cost and estimate over appropriation for 1882, 
 9.67 per cent. 
 
 Third. Cost by Auditor's statement on Pacific roads to June 30 ,1882 $1,376, 929 
 
 Cost ofsame to June 30, 1881 961,977 
 
 Increase for 1882 over 1881 414,952 
 
 Rate of increase 43 per cent. 
 
 Fourth. Appropriation for 1883 §11,130,000 
 
 Audited cost and estimate for 1882 10,373,515 
 
 Excess of appropriation 756,485 
 
 Rate of increase 7.29 per cent. 
 
 ESTIMATE FOR 1884. 
 
 For reasons stated in the last annual report the estimate of the cost 
 of railroad transportation for the current fiscal year was placed at a 
 lower rat« of increase than is shown between the cost for the two pre- 
 ceding years. The service in the Pacific States, in which nearly all the
 
 HEPCWpr OK Tin: POSTMASTER-OENERAL. 886 
 
 routes are located on wliicli tli(^ pay is wirhbeld on account of indebt- 
 edness to tiie government, having: lieon adjustc'd Jor the new contract 
 term commencing July 1, 1S82, tlie estimate for the ensuing fiscal year 
 will, as usual, be based upon the cost lor the year ending June 30, 1S8L'. 
 and the probability of increase in the weight of mails and miles of road 
 to June 30, 1884. The increase in mileage- for the last year was 8,994 
 miles, or 8.9 per cent, increase over the mileage for the previous year. 
 This is the greatest increase in the length of railroa<l routes ever made 
 in any one year, and is greater than the entire railroad service in oper- 
 ation in 1851. The indications are that tlier«» will Ix^ not less than 
 ]0,00() miles added during the current year, and as mu(;h more for 188^1. 
 The regular adjustment of pay from July 1, 18.8.'.. will fall in the con 
 tract section composed of the States of Illinois, Michigan, Wiseousin, 
 Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri. In these States the weighing will doubt- 
 less show a large increase in the weight of mails, and this will require a 
 corresponding increase in the rates of pay. In arriving at the amount 
 that will be required for railroad trans])ortatic»n for the year ending June 
 .30, 1884, the appropriation for 1883, .*11,130,(»(M», is aeer])tedas the sum 
 nearest to that which will be needed, and adding thereto $.S70,000 for 
 new service and for increase of pay on old routes through readjustment, 
 and a total of $1L'.000,00U is rea(;hed, which is about 8 per cent. (7.81) 
 over the ai)proi>riation for iss;{, and a litth; more than 14 per cent, over 
 the audited cost, and the estinnite for new senice for the year ending 
 June 30, 1882. The estimated rate of increase is less than is shown for 
 1882 over 1881, but it is believed that it will be suilicient,as it is proba- 
 ble that the percentage of increase in cost will be .somewhat reduced as 
 the aggregate mileage is enlarged. 
 
 PACIFIC RAILROADS. 
 
 The relations existing between the Paci tic Rail road Companies i ndebted 
 to the United States and the government, in the matter of the with- 
 liolding of all amounts earned in the transportation of mails over their 
 owm and leased andop<'iate<l lines, anil jtlacing the same to their credit, 
 has occasioned much controversy and resulted in numerous suits in the 
 Courtof Claims and the Supienie Court. This state of alfairshas placed 
 the Post Otlice Deparnnent at some disadvantage initsetlbrts to seeun* 
 from these com])anies the most ellicient postal service iwssible. 
 
 The mails are supplied to the i)eoi)le of a very large section of «'Ountry 
 we.st of the Missouri Kiver by these lines, and hence the desimbilily of 
 maintaining amicable relations with the companies controlling tiiis .sys- 
 tem of roads. 
 
 ESTIMATE FOR RAH.WAY POST-OFFIOE CARS. 
 
 The increase in the work of distribution on railroad routes is in keep 
 ing with the increas(* in the weight of mails, and in the inimlxT of ]»laoes 
 reached by railroad, but the uset)t' railway post t>nicecarslK'ing restricted 
 to the lines on which the heavi«'r mails arecarrie«l, theincrease«l t'XiHMidi- 
 ture for the sanu' is re.strict«'d to a lower rate than is riMjuired in other 
 branches of the service. 
 
 The ai)propriation for the current year is :?1,.VJG,000. The incixuised 
 cost for 1882 was $1(M>.0()(». It is believed tliat the service can be con 
 ducted for 1884 for .'i!l,<l2(;,0(.K>, which is the sauio totid increase a.s is 
 shown for 1882 over 1881,
 
 886 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THB'.- 
 
 EXTENSION OF THE KAILROAD KYSTEM. 
 
 Table M shows the mileage, annual transportation, and cost of rail- 
 road service for each year, from its commencement in 1836 to June 30, 
 1882. It is interesting to note that the degree of public prosperity is 
 reflected in the construction of railroads. There was a steady increase 
 in mileage from 186G to 1872, reaching in the year last given 8,000 miles ; 
 then, with the depression in business that followed, it declined from 
 year to year until, in 1877, it touched the minimum — 2,200 miles. With 
 the settlement of the financial question and the advance of business, 
 it again steadily increased to 9,000 miles for the fiscal year just closed, 
 which is the greatest number of miles of service ever established in one 
 year. 
 
 Table L gives the new service for 1882 in detail. The most impor- 
 tant connections established during the year, of auational character, are 
 the Texas Pacific Line through Texas, ISew Mexico, and Arizona, to Cali- 
 fornia, and the junction with the railroad system of Mexico at Laredo, 
 Texas. The last is a most important event, as a matter of interest to 
 the business people, as it opens a convenient channel of quick inter- 
 course with Mexico, thus presenting a new and promising field for the 
 exercise of the intelligent enterprise of the people of the United States. 
 
 EATES OF PAY TO KAILEOADS. 
 
 The experience of the past year has confirmed this office in the views 
 expressed in the last annual report concerning the rates of compensa- 
 tion prescribed by present laws for carrying the mails on railroads. 
 
 Allusions were frequently made during the past winter to a public 
 sentiment which, it was alleged, demanded an increase of pay on some 
 lines, but, at the same time, a reduction in the total cost of carrying 
 the mails on railroad routes. 
 
 Public opinion, upon questions which may properly be determined by 
 opinion, ought to prevail. This, however, is an instance in which opin- 
 ion can be intelligently exercised only after a knowledge of the service 
 rendered in carrying the mails and the compensation i^aid for the same 
 is obtained through an analysis of the facts, and these contrasted with 
 other transportation service and charges. 
 
 Because all will admit that the postal service rendered by the rail- 
 road companies is of the highest value to the people, and the amount 
 and character of the service in every case may be accurately ascertained 
 and stated, so that a basis would thus be established, resting upon 
 material and indisputable facts, from which a comparison could be 
 made between the postal and other business of the railroad companies ; 
 hence the subject should be approached, not with the settled intention 
 of increasing the rate of pay on one class of roads and depressing it 
 on others, nor of increasing or reducing the total cost of service, but 
 it should be considered in a spirit of impartiality and with a determina- 
 tion to fix the compensation at such rates as the facts may warrant. 
 
 The annual increase in the cost of railroad transportation has no 
 bearing whatever on the question as to proper rates of compensation, 
 for, upon reflection, it will appear that the rates of pay and total cost 
 must increase under the present or any other method or scale of pay- 
 ment that may be devised, in keeping with the extension of the system, 
 the growth of the mails, and the increase in the facilities employed for 
 the use and necessary care of the mail in transit. 
 
 The value of the postal service between the great railroad centers has 
 grown to such magnitude and importance that the problem of shorten-
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL 887 
 
 ing the time of transit between siicli points will have to he solved at 
 no distant day, and this will doubtless furnish an interesting feature 
 when the question of pay is determined. 
 
 There is now more than 1(K),0<)0 miles of railroad service in operation, 
 reaching into every State and Territory of the Union, furnishing, as it 
 were, the arteries through which ai)opulation of fifty millions, disi)ersed 
 over this vast territory, is supplied with mails. The conditions under 
 which the postal service in the Unit<'d Slates is perlbrmed, are essen- 
 tially unlike those under which sucli service is rendered in the densely 
 populated countries of Europe. Therefore, for the L'nited States, pre- 
 cedents must be established, not followed. 
 
 In executing the present law it has become clear to me that under its 
 insuflicient jjrovisions an unnecessary expenditure of iud)lic money 
 might be made for carrying the mails on railroad routes. Therefore, 
 having in view the large annual expenditure for thisbranchof the serv- 
 ice, I cannot too strqngly urge the great importance of at once j)er- 
 fecting the present crude and incomplete laws, so that an uncalled fur 
 expenditure would be rendered impossible. 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 RICH'D A. ELMER, 
 Second Assistant Postmaster- General. 
 
 Hon. T. O. HOTVE, 
 
 Postmaster- General. 
 
 ADDENDUM. 
 
 Table A exhibits cost, appropriation, and estimates. 
 
 Table B shows length of routes, annual transportation, and cost in 
 the several classes of inland mail service. 
 
 Table C is a statement of the railway mail service. 
 
 Table D is a statement of the steamboat service. 
 
 Table E sliows the increase and decrea.se in transportation and cost. 
 
 Table F is a statement of star service expedited from January 1, 1S7L*, 
 to April 30, 1881. 
 
 Table G shows weight of mails, speed, and accommodations for mails 
 and agents on railroad routes, with an index. 
 
 Table 11 shows the readjustment of pay on railroad routes, with an 
 index. 
 
 Table I shows the rate of pay for railway post-ottice cars, Avith in- 
 crease and decrease since last annual rejiort. 
 
 Table K states expenditures for necessary and s[)ecial facilities on 
 trunk lines. 
 
 Table L is a statement of railroad service established since last annual 
 report. 
 
 Table M shows the growth of railway mail service from IS.'iG to ISSi*. 
 
 Table N is a statement of all contra<'ts for mail equipments ami use 
 of ])atents. 
 
 Table O is a statement of expenditures for certain mail e(iuipments. 
 
 Table P is a statement of expeuditurea for mail-locks.
 
 888 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
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 REPORT OF THE POSTilASTER- GENERAL. 
 
 891 
 
 Tablk M. — Statiatica of mileage, incixa^e in mileage, annual iranaporaiion, and cost of 
 the railroad aervice,from 1836 to June 30, IH-iii. 
 
 Date. 
 
 June 30, 183G 
 
 X'ime :!(), 1837 
 
 June :iu, 1888 
 
 June .'10, 1839 
 
 June 30, 1.840 
 
 June 3u, 1841 
 
 June 30, 1842 
 
 June 30, 1843 
 
 November 4, 1843. 
 
 June 30, 1844 
 
 June 30, 1845 
 
 October 31, 1845.. 
 
 June 30, 1840 
 
 November 1, 1840. 
 
 June 30, 1847 
 
 November 1, 1847. 
 
 June 30, 1848 
 
 October 1, 1848 ... 
 
 June .30, 1849 
 
 June 30, 18j0 
 
 June 30, 1851 
 
 Jane 30, 1852 
 
 June 30, 1853 
 
 June 30, 18r4 
 
 June 30, 1855 
 
 June 30, 1856 
 
 June 30, 1857 
 
 June 30, 1858 
 
 June 30, 1859 
 
 June 30, 1800 
 
 May 31, 1801 
 
 June 30,1801 
 
 June 30, 1802 
 
 Juno 30, 1803 
 
 Juno 30, 1804 , 
 
 June 30, 1805 , 
 
 June 30, 1800 
 
 June 30, 1807 
 
 June 30, 1868 , 
 
 Juno 30, 1869 , 
 
 June 30, 1870 , 
 
 June 30, 1871 , 
 
 June 30, 1872 , 
 
 June 30, 1K73 
 
 June 30, 1874 , 
 
 Jnno 30, 1875 , 
 
 June 30, 1870 
 
 ,June 30, 1877 
 
 June 30, 1878 
 
 June 30, 1879 
 
 Juno 30, 1880 , 
 
 Juno 30, 1881 , 
 
 June 30, 1882 , 
 
 Length of 
 routes. 
 
 Annual trans- Cost per an- '■„^°*"*,T r',i^'-'''^T f 
 porutiou. num. m lon-tl. of in length uf 
 
 Milet. 
 974 
 
 3,091 
 
 4,092 
 
 4,402 
 
 4.735 
 
 4,957 
 
 5,407 
 
 6,680 
 
 8,255 
 
 111, 146 
 
 12,415 
 
 14,440 
 
 18, 333 
 
 20, 323 
 
 22, f>30 
 
 24,431 
 
 26,010 
 
 27, 12!) 
 
 1 0, mc 
 
 22,018 
 21,3.38 
 22, 152 
 
 22, 016 
 
 23, 4111 
 32, 1)92 
 34,015 
 30,018 
 39, 537 
 43, 727 
 49,834 
 57,911 
 03, 457 
 07, 734 
 70,083 
 72,348 
 74, 540 
 77, 120 
 79, 991 
 85, 32i» 
 91, 569 
 
 100,063 
 
 MiUa. 
 •1, 878, 200 
 •1,798,024 
 •2, 356, W.2 
 *3, S'.KJ, 055 
 •3, 8*<9, 053 
 •3, 940, 450 
 •4, 424, 262 
 •5,692,402 
 
 (•) 
 •5, 747, 3r,3 
 •0, 484, 592 
 
 (•) 
 •7,781,828 
 
 4, 170, 403 
 
 4, 327, 400 
 
 6, 524, .'.93 
 8, 3G4, 6t'3 
 11,082,708 
 12,980,705 
 15, 433, 389 
 19, 202, 405t 
 21, 809, 296 
 24, 267, 944 
 25, 763, 452 
 27, 268, 384 
 27, 653, 749 
 15,701,093 
 23,110,823 
 22,777,219 
 22, 87 J,. 558 
 23,301,942 
 24, 087, 5«W 
 30, 609, 467 
 32, 437, 900 
 34, 886, 178 
 41,399,2M 
 47, 551, 970 
 55, 557, 048 
 62,491,749 
 6.'., 021, 445 
 72, 460, 545 
 7.5, 154,910 
 77,741,172 
 K5, 358, 710 
 
 92, 120,395 
 
 93, 092, 992 
 90, 497, 4ii;i 
 
 103,521,229 
 113, 995, 318 
 
 •$307. 444 
 •404, 123 
 •520, 602 
 •595, 353 
 •.58.5, 843 
 
 432. 508 
 •73:;, 0»'7 
 
 .'k;|.7.S2 
 
 •802. I '06 
 •843, 4:!0 
 .587, 709 
 •870, 570 
 .587, 709 
 .597, 475 
 597. 923 
 .5.H4. 192 
 5>7. 204 
 
 (;:i5, 7411 
 
 818,227 
 985. (il9 
 
 1. 273, .520 
 ],C01,:.".'9 
 1,7.58,610 
 
 2, 073, 089 
 2,310,389 
 2, 559. 847 
 
 2, 828, 301 
 
 3, 243, 974 
 3, 349, 602 
 
 1978,910 
 2. 543, 709 
 2,498, 115 
 2, .538. 517 
 2, .'■07.014 
 
 2, 7u7, 121 
 
 3, 391.. 592 
 3,812,600 
 
 4, 177. 120 
 4, 723. 680 
 .5, 128, 901 
 .5, 724. 979 
 
 6, ri02, 771 
 
 7, 2.')7, 190 
 9,113.190 
 9. '-'16. 518 I 
 fl,.543. i:;4 I 
 
 §■9. 0!>;i. 9.16 I 
 
 9. r>ec. 5'j.". I 
 \\'ir>n:,yM I 
 
 1(1. 49>, UMJ I 
 
 11,013,363 
 
 12,753,11^ 
 
 routeti. 
 
 MiU*. 
 
 2.117 
 6i!3 
 
 333 
 
 222 
 540 
 1,388 
 1.369 
 1.891 
 2.269 
 2.025 
 3,893 
 1,990 
 2, 207 
 1,901 
 1,579 
 1,119 
 
 1,775 
 
 "eii" 
 
 464 
 
 785 
 :S.69l i 
 1.923 
 2,003 I 
 3,510 I 
 4.190 > 
 0. 107 ! 
 K,077 
 5. WO 
 4. l.*77 
 2, 349 
 2. 265 
 2.198 
 2. .574 
 
 UUft. 
 
 6,886 
 
 2.871 
 r>, 329 
 0.249 
 8,9»4 
 
 * Railroad and steamboat Hcrvicp combined ; no nepnrato roport. 
 
 t Decrea.se caused by Ibe disconliuuanw of Hcivien in the Hnuthoni Stitos. 
 
 ' Increnso attributable in iiart to tlie rcunnniiion of 8ervlco iu the Sontliern .St.ttM. 
 
 § Decrease in cost caused bv rtMluctious in tlic rates of pay nndi r art of .Iitly 12, 1878. 
 
 U Diicrcase in cu.st c^uaud by reductiuus iu tlio rutca of [ffty under act of Jiuio 17, Ib'S.
 
 892 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANTING THE 
 
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 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 893 
 
 Table O.—Statement of the number, description, and prices of mail-bags, mail-caichert, 
 4-c., purchased, and of the expense incurred on account thereof, durino the fiscal uear 
 ended June 30, 18«2. j j y 
 
 Number. 
 
 3,000 
 2,300 
 1,000 
 1,000 
 
 7,300 
 
 500~ 
 500 
 
 Description. 
 
 Leather maU-poucbes . 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 No. 2 
 No. 3 
 
 No. 4 
 
 •do I Xo. 5 
 
 Size. Prices. Cost. 
 
 ThrougL registered mail-pouches ' No. 1 
 
 do 1 No. 2 
 
 Eoyaltj- for patent applied to same No. 2 
 
 1,000 
 
 500 
 
 1,100 
 700 
 100 
 
 1.900 I 
 
 80,000 I 
 9, 000 ' 
 
 89,000 I 
 
 ~ 300 [ 
 500 ' 
 500 
 
 1,300 I 
 
 500" 
 300 
 500 
 
 M.iil-catcher pouches 
 
 Royalty for patent applied to same ' 
 
 Leather horse-mail bags No. 1 
 
 do No.2 
 
 do I No.3 
 
 Expenses of inspecting same 
 
 Jute-canvas mail-.sacks 
 do 
 
 No. 1 
 No. 3 
 
 Cotton-canvas mail-sacks No. 
 
 do I No. 1 
 
 do I No. 3 
 
 Foreign registered mail-sacks. I No. 1 
 
 do No.2 
 
 do No. 3 
 
 1,500 
 
 350, 000 
 600,000 
 
 150, OCO 
 20, 000 
 3,000 
 
 1, 500 
 300 
 169 
 
 Printed wooden tags . 
 do 
 
 »5 61 
 4 55 
 3 50 
 2 GO 
 
 7 00 
 4 09 
 
 10 
 
 3 91 
 10 
 
 S 00 
 S 29 
 
 4 63 
 
 $18, 830 00 
 10,465 00 
 3, .SOO 00 
 2,000 00 
 
 Aggregate. 
 
 3,500 00 
 
 2,495 00 
 
 50 00' 
 
 1,955 00 
 50 00 
 
 $33,395 00 
 
 6,045 00 
 
 671 
 14 
 
 1 15 
 
 1 02 
 
 20 
 
 6, 000 00 
 
 3, 7u3 00 
 
 45:1 00 
 
 •M 53 
 
 M. 200 00 
 1, 260 00 
 
 345 00 
 510 00 
 100 00 
 
 j 2, 00 j 09 
 
 Tie-sack fasteners . 
 
 Troii lal>«l-ca«C'fl 
 
 Brass label-cases . . , 
 
 Shocta mail-bag label-cards . 
 
 Mail-bag cat^-.hurs 
 
 Mail-bag catcht^rs, repaired . 
 
 Bepairs of mail-bags of every description 
 
 Total exprnse on account of mail-bags and 
 
 mail-cati'lic.rs 
 
 UnexpendiMl lialanco of appropriation 
 
 Amunut of appropriation 
 
 16 
 
 oo-:4 
 
 002| 
 
 19 
 10 
 25 
 
 09} 
 15 00 
 
 207 50 
 123 50 
 80 00 
 
 816 67 
 1,350 00 
 
 2,000 00 
 750 00 
 
 4,500 00 
 IOC 76 
 
 55,460 00 
 
 955 OO 
 
 410 00 
 
 2.106 67 
 28,500 00 
 
 2. 750 00 
 14« 25 
 
 4. 606 76 
 51.156 67 
 
 19«,880 M 
 1,619 12 
 
 300,000 00 
 
 TAni.E P. — Statement of mail-locks pnrchuHed and repaired, and of the expense incurred on 
 account tharof, during the year ended June 30, 18*^. 
 
 Quanti- 
 ties. 
 
 Df»<'rlpfion. 
 
 3!)9 ' Iron mail-locks 
 
 29, 554 ' General niaillocks . 
 
 20,000 Iron nmillo<'k». n-pairo*! 
 
 4, 000 Street li-tter-bos locks, repaired . 
 
 Total expense for mall locks 
 
 Unexpended balance of appropriation 
 
 Price, 
 iwoh. 
 
 dmt. 
 
 $0 58 
 
 53 
 
 $231 42 
 15,368 08 
 
 Amount of appropriation 
 
 8.000 00 
 1,400 00 
 
 Ac(T»cM« 
 
 $15,800 M 
 0,400 00 
 
 34,900 SO 
 
 35,000 00
 
 894 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 TRANSFER OF MAILS BETWEEN RAILROAD DEPOTS AND 
 POST-OFFICES IN THE LARGER CITIES. 
 
 Post-Office Department, 
 Office of Chief Post-Office Inspector, 
 
 Washington, D. 0., October 19, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I have tlio honor to recommend for your consideration a plan 
 which involves a radical change in the transportation of mails in large 
 cities, afiecting the "transfer" and "local station" service. 
 
 As you are well aware, the present system of letting to the lowest 
 bidder for four years a contract to perform the service of delivery of 
 mails at the railroads and iiost-offices has caused and is causing the 
 greatest embarrassment and confusion. 
 
 I hazard the assertion that the conclusion is a tenable one, that it is 
 impossible to secure reliable and satisfactory service under the present 
 plan, and that this is a service which vitally affects our entire postal sys- 
 tem. Complete failures have recently occurred at important points, 
 creating great confusion. The service at other important points is in 
 the hands of contractors who are not adequately responsible, and who 
 are running the service possibly at a loss, their bondsmen being suffi- 
 ciently responsible to justify them in giving to the government such 
 service only as will suffice to prevent the contractor from being declared 
 "a failing contractor," which action would result in greater loss to 
 them than to continue the service. 
 
 Under such circumstances it is obvious that the government is but 
 poorly served. 
 
 The contractor's outfit is such as will barely answer the purpose. 
 The cheapest men obtainable are employed, and are not always paid 
 their wages. They are constantly being shifted and changed, and not 
 paid enough to secure suitable men at the start. 
 
 They are indifferent and careless in the performance of their duties. 
 
 The mails in large cities are in charge of such contractors and drivers, 
 and are unaccompanied by postal officials in many instances. The risk 
 is very great, both as to loss and robbery, and also as to failures in the 
 service, which result in detentions of whole wagon-loads of mail at a 
 time, depriving whatever section of country is thus affected of that 
 prompt communication which a more efficient service would afford. 
 
 Experience proves that under the present system irresponsible bid- 
 ders are quite certain to obtain the contracts for such service. Expensive 
 wagons of special pattern are required, and all bidders understand that 
 at the end of the contract term their wagons will have no value for other 
 purposes. 
 
 It is fair to assume, therefore, that a careful bidder would add in bid- 
 ding an estimate of the entire cost of an outfit, so that the government 
 has really to purchase the plant. 
 
 K the government were to provide the horses, wagons, and neces- 
 sary materials to perform this service at, say, five leading cities where 
 it is most important^ reliable and efficient service would be secured at 
 its prime cost, and I believe this is the only method by which reliable 
 service can be secured and its proper performance guaranteed, or by 
 which we can promise satisfactory results to any part of the postal 
 service of the country, which all depends to a great -extent upon this 
 branch. 
 
 I therefore respectfully recommend that the necessary legislation be
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 895 
 
 asked for of Confxress and that estimates of the cost be furnished. I 
 wotild outline the following plan: 
 
 That the law authorize tlie appointment of an officer as superintend- 
 ent of this service for all of the points included in the i>lan; that he be 
 selected for his special fitness for such duties as may devolve upon him, 
 and be required to give ample bonds as a disbursing: ofticer. 
 
 That stables be rcnt<Ml and horses and wagons jiurchasi'd under the 
 same plan now pursued by the War Department in purchasing supplies 
 after public advertisement; that the highest grade of animals and ma- 
 terial be secured, so that the best of service may be guaranteed, and 
 the outfits present an appearance creditable to the department and the 
 government. 
 
 At each of the cities selected an assistant superintendent should be 
 appointed who will have charge of this service in that city. Compe- 
 tent and thoroughly reliable drivers and employ <:*s shoidil bo hired and 
 paid a fair compensation, taking perhaps as a guide iu this respect the 
 organization of the best express-company service. 
 
 The regulations and rules governing the purchase of feed and supjjlii's 
 can easily be established, so that the interests of the government shall 
 be protected and the best results secured. 
 
 I will present to you at the i)roper time statistics showing the num- 
 ber of amimals, wagons, employes, &c., in use by contractors at each of 
 the points where you may decide to recommend the adoption of such 
 new service, together with an estimate of what would be required to 
 l)ut it in operation, and its probable cost, so that reliable estimates may 
 be presented to Congress, with recommendation, in case it should be de- 
 cided to lay the matter before that body. 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 DAVID B. PAllKEK, 
 
 Chit/ Inspector. 
 
 Hon. R. A. Elivier, 
 
 Second Assistant Fostmaster-Qeneral. 
 
 REPORT OF THE GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT OF RAIL- 
 WAY MAUi SERVICE. 
 
 Post-Office Department, 
 Office General Superintendent Railway Mail Service, 
 
 ^V(mMngton, D. C, October '23, 1882. 
 
 Sir: At the last session of Congress (Forty-seventh Congivss, first 
 session) an act was passed reorganizing the railway mail service in ac- 
 cordance with the recommendations of the PostmasterCJenoral, and the 
 suggestions of this office made in each annual report from and inchiding 
 that for 1879 to that for 1881. Under this act, which was approved 
 July 31, 1882, an order of the Postmaster-General was issued to carry 
 the same into eft'ect, as follows: 
 
 order OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL REORGANIZING THE RAILWAY 
 
 MAIL SERVICE. 
 
 PosT-OrricE Dkpartmkxt, 
 Ordkr N(». ;{r>t.] H'anhitigtan, It. ('., Au'iust I, lliM2. 
 
 Ill carryiiiK into effect, the act of CongreM reorpani/injf the rnilwny iiinll aorvice, 
 approvpil'jiily ol, If^-^-i, viz: 
 
 Alf ACT to desigDAtc, clMilfy, and tlx tb« mIuIm of p«r»on« in the railway mall ••rrifi*. 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of JiK4rie<i in 
 Congress assoHbled, That persona in the ruilw»y mail bervice, known aa railway poat-
 
 896 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 office clerks, route }i<i,ontH, local agents, and mail route messengers, shall, on and after 
 the passage of tlii.s act, be designated as railway postal cNrks, and divided into five 
 classes, whose salaries sliall not exceed the loUowing rates per annuui: 
 
 First class, not exceeding eight hundred dollars; second class, not exceeding nine 
 hundred dollars; third class, not exceeding one thousand dollars; fourth class, not 
 exceeding one thousand two hundred dollars ; and ftfth class, not exceeding one thou- 
 sand four hundred dollars : Provided, That the PoHtniaster-Cicneral, in iixing the sal- 
 aries of clerks in th(^ dilferent classes, may lix diflercut salaries for clerks of the same 
 class, according to the amount of work done and the responsibility incurred by each, 
 but shall not, in any case, allow a higher salary to any clerk of any class than the 
 maximum tixed by this act for the class to which such clerk belongs. 
 
 Sec. 2. That the sums appropriated in the act entitled "An act making appropriation 
 for the service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, 
 eighteen hundred and eighty-three, and for other purposes," approved May fourth, 
 eighteen hundred and eighty-two, for the compensation of the railway post- office clerks, 
 route agents, mail route messengers, and local agents, be consolidated into one fund, 
 and applied for the compensation of the clerks embraced in the live classes under the 
 title of railway postal clerks, T»rovided in this act. 
 
 (Signed) J. WAERAN KEIFER, 
 
 Spealcer of the Honxe of Heprtsetilatives. 
 (Signed) DAVID DAVIS, 
 
 President of the Senate pro tempore. 
 
 Approved July .31, 1882. 
 the following regulations will be observed : 
 
 Sec. 1. Designation of clerks. — In accordance with this acjb all former designations 
 of employes of the railway mail service are obsolete, and they will be hereafter 
 known as railway postal clerks. 
 
 Sec. 2. Nomenclature of railway mail service. — For the sake of uniformity all lines 
 will be called railway post-offices. 
 
 Sec. 3. Organization of working creivs. — On lines where but one clerk to a car is 
 appointed to perform the duties, and who runs an average of one hundred miles or 
 more per day, he will be of class three, at $1,000 i)er annum. If the average daily 
 distance run is less than one hundred and not less than ninety miles the clerk will be 
 of class two, at $900 per annum; if the average daily distance run is less than ninety 
 and more than eighty miles the clerk will be of class two, and the salary will be at 
 the rate of $10 per annum for each mile of the daily average of miles run. If the 
 average distance run daily is eighty miles or less the clerk will be of class one, and 
 the salary will be flO per annum for each mile of the daily average of miles run. 
 
 On lines that have been known as lull railway post-office lines or that may here- 
 after be established in like manner, where treo clerks are needed there may be one of 
 class five, at $1,300 per annum, and one of class four, at $1,150 per annum. 
 
 On lines where three clerks are needed there shall bo one of class five, at $1,300 per 
 annum; one of class four, at $1,150 per annum; and one of class three, at $1,000 per 
 annum. 
 
 On lines where four clerks are needed there shall be one of class live, at $1,300 per 
 annum; one of class four, at $1,150 per annum; one of class three, at $1,000 i>er 
 annum ; and one of class two, at $900 per annum. 
 
 On lines where more than four clerks are neede<l such additional clerks shall be of 
 class two or one ; except two distributing cars are run on the same traiu (one car being 
 for the distribution of letter mail and the other car for the distribution of newspaper 
 mail), when there may be one clerk of class five, at $1,300 per annum ; three of class 
 four, at $1,150 per annum; one of class three, at $1,000 per annum; and all additional 
 clerks of class two or one. 
 
 The clerk of the highest class in any crew will be designated the "clerk in charge.'' 
 
 Sec. 4. ^'Helpers." — When it becomes necessary to furnish assistance on any line, 
 the clerk assigned to such duty will be designated a "helper," whether he runs over 
 the entire line or only a portion of it; but such helper shall not be of a higher class 
 nor receive a higher salary than the clerk to whom he is assigned as a helper; and in 
 no case shall the salary of such helper exceed that of a clerk of class two. 
 
 Sec. 5. Clerks on steamboat lines. — Clerks ou steamboat lines will be of class one, at 
 a salary not exceeding $720 per annum; the salary to be determined by the amount of 
 work to be performed and the importance of the line. 
 
 Sec. 6. Transfer service. — Local agencies having been abolished by the act of Con- 
 
 fress before quoted, superintendents may, if approved by the general superimtendeut, 
 etail clerks not above class four at $1,150 per annum at certain important junctions 
 to look after the handling of mails at railroad depots, and to perform such other 
 duties pertaining to the railway mail service as may be required. If more than one 
 clerk is needed for such duty at the same depot, such additional clerks shall be of 
 classes below class four, but in no case shall more than one clerk of the same class, 
 above class one, be ao detailed at the same depot. Clerks so detailed wiU be desig-
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 897 
 
 nated railway postal clerks, and all vacancies occtirring in such details shall bo filial 
 from clerks serviug ou lines. 
 
 Sec. 7. FrovidiiKj for cmeryencieH. — To meet emerjjtencies, siiperiiitendent« may make 
 any assignment of clerks in their respective divisions which may bo ne<esK;«ry for the 
 benefit of the service, but not for :i longer period than ten con.secntiv«i days; and 
 such assignments must be at once report^xl to the general superintendint. 
 
 Sec. 8. Chief clerks and asxiiitantn. — Clerk.s who nuiy be detaik>d to duty at certain 
 important points in charge of one or more lines will bo designated "chii-f clerkB.'' 
 and such details may be made from clerks of class five, at a salary of il,400 per an- 
 num. No clerk will be detailed to assist a chief clerk except in spt-cial netessary 
 cases, and the clerk so detailed shall not be above class three. 
 
 Sec. 9. Detail of c/er/;*.— Suprrintendents may detail clerks from one route to an- 
 other, but clerks so detailed must bo assigned to duty in accordance with this order. 
 Clerks may bo detailed for clerical duty pertaining to the railway mail service. All 
 details (except in cases of emergency) must be reported to tho general superintendent 
 for his approval before going into eflect. 
 
 Sec. 10. lieassifjnments. — Superintendents are hereby instructed to reassign clerks in 
 accordance with this order. , 
 
 Sec. 11. Salarie8 to he regulated hij duties assigned.— In no event will :i clerk b«' 
 allowed the salary of a higher chussthan is by this order assigned to tho duties actually 
 performed by him, except when ordered to perform duties of a lower gra<le in case of 
 emergency. 
 
 Sec. l:i. Inability of elerks to fill positions to tvhieh assigned. — Whenever a clerk is 
 unable to perform the duties of tho position to which he is assigned, the snperintendent 
 Avill at once report tho facte lo tho general superintendent, with a recommendation for 
 reduction or retirement. 
 
 Sec. V^. New appointments.— AM original appointments to the ]>ositiou of railway 
 postal clerk shall bo made as clerks of class one, and for a probationary i>eriod of six 
 months from the date of tho same. No reappointment at or bffore the cxiiiration of 
 the probationary period shall bo made unless the ai'i>ointt(i shall liavis shown liimM-lf 
 proficient in his duties, fully competent to perfonn the samt-, and shall pass a satisfac- 
 tory examination upon the duties of his position. 
 
 Sec. 14. Superintendents to report necessary cAanr/es.— Superintendents will report at 
 once to the general superintendent any changes which may bo necessary under this 
 order to carry it into etfect. 
 
 Sec. 15. /M/« this order takes effect. —Thin order will take effect on and aftor August 
 1, 1882. All regulations or parts of regulations of this department inconsi.stent with 
 this order are hereby rescinded. 
 
 T. O. HOWK, 
 
 J'oitmaster-dtneral. 
 
 As llie servino, was iminodiatoly rcoi-i^aTiizcd niitlcr this onler, which 
 took efiect within one month alter the expiration of the liscal year with 
 which this report is concerned, it has been considere*! best t(» sliow the 
 service at the close of the fiscal year, both as it was under the old orfjan- 
 ization and as it wonld have been reported under the reorganization, in 
 order to aflord a basis for a conii»arison with its condition on tho .'iOth 
 of June, 1883. 
 
 At the close of the fiscal year ended .Imie M), 1882, there were em- 
 ployed in this service 3,570 
 
 TIAIIAVAV POSTAL. CLERK.S, 
 with salaries a}4gn';;ating i?f.'5,48(»,770, or an axfrafjt' annual salary to 
 each of $070. <»8. This was an increa-se in miinber over those in tho 
 service at the close of tho previous tisciil year of 3IKJ, or ll-'..'{7 i)er cent., 
 and a decrease of $1.85 per anmnn in tiie averajre salary i>ai«l to each. 
 Und<?r the old organization tlu' clerks were -iraded ami paid as Ibl 
 lows: 
 
 Number. 
 
 1,517 
 1, 557 
 
 102 
 
 Grade. AontuI coat 
 
 Railway pontol dorks . 
 
 Ronto aci>ntN 
 
 Mail roHto in(.'N8i>ni{ers. 
 Local aK'iitH 
 
 •1. 708. 380 
 1,4l<i,i««l 
 
 Total. 3, 570 3,4M,7T«
 
 898 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 These figures represent the coiulitioii of the service on the 30th of 
 June; but the actual exi)ense diiriug the year was as follows: 
 
 Railway postal clerks $1,574,401 36 
 
 Route agents l,3-i2,:}3(> 20 
 
 Mail route mesaengers IH'J, 8H:{ 92 
 
 Local agents 149,228 74 
 
 Total 3,233,bG3 12 
 
 RAILWAY POST-OFFICE LINES. 
 
 It affords nie pleasure to be able in this report, for the first time since 
 the mails have been carried by rail, to present a table (A') showing all 
 the railway post-office lines in the United States, arranged in alpha- 
 betical order, giving the terminal post-offices, the distance run, the rail- 
 roads over which they run, the annual miles of service, the number of 
 cars and parts of cars in use and in reserve, and the number of railway 
 postal clerks employed in each car. From this it will be seen that on 
 June 30, 1882, there were in operation 769 railway post-offices (new 
 designation). Those upon which "railway post-office cars" are run and 
 paid for are designated in the table by being printed in italics. These 
 railway i)ostofiices were conducted in 342 whole cars and 1,402 apart- 
 ments in cars, a total of 1,804 cars and apartments, and Avere run over 
 87,805 miles of railroad, making 75,741,438 miles of annual service. 
 
 There were employed upon these lines 3,122 railway postal clerks; 
 162 clerks, as before stated, were detailed as transfer clerks (formerly 
 known as "local agents"); 286 were detailed as chief clerks and for 
 other clerical duty in connection with the service at this office, division 
 headquarters, and other prominent points where needed, and were run- 
 ning upon steamboats; making a total of 3,570. The average number 
 of miles traveled annually by each clerk in railway post-offices was 
 38,564, A comparison of these figures with those given by the Second 
 Assistant Postmaster-General shows that there were 12,698 miles of 
 railroad upon which there were no railway post-office lines, and that 
 38,253,880 miles of annual service were performed with express mails 
 and closed pouches over these routes and portions of routes, and also 
 upon other than mail trains, over routes where railway post-office lines 
 were running. 
 
 GROWTH OF THE SERVICE. 
 
 Table B^, hereto appended, shows the growth of the service as far as 
 it can be compiled from the reports of the Postmaster-General from 
 1834 to the present time. In his report for the fiscal year ended No- 
 vember 1, 1834, Postmaster-General W. T. Barry says: 
 
 The celerity of tlie mail should always "be equal to the most rapid transition of the 
 traveler; and that which shortens the time of communication, and facilitafps the in- 
 tercourse between distant places, is like bringing them nearer together; while it 
 affords convenience to men of business, it tends to counteract local prejudices by en- 
 larging the sphere of acquaintance. These considerations have always had their full 
 weight upon my mind in making improvements in mail operations. The multiplica- 
 tion of railroads in different parts of the country promises, within a few years, to give 
 great rapidity to the movements of travelers, and it is a subject worthy of inquirj', 
 Tvhethei" measures may not now be taken to secure the transportation of the mail upon 
 them. Already have the railroads between Frenchtown, in Maryland, and New 
 Castle, in Delaware, and between Canulen and South Amboy, in New .Jersey, aftorded 
 great and important facilities to the transmission of the great Eastern mail. 
 
 The railroad between this city and Baltimore will soon be completed, and the dis- 
 tance from the post-office in this placo to that of Baltimore, will not be materially 
 varied from the present road, 38 miles. From Baltimore, by Port Deposit, in Mary- 
 land^ to Coatesville, in Pennsylvania, the line for a railroad is located, and the stock
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 899 
 
 subscribed for it8 completion, and from Coatc^ville to Philad«!lpliia, a railroad is made 
 and in operation. Tlio tlJKtaiice between ISuItimoru and Philadelphia on this road 
 will be one hnndred and seventeen miles, about eijjhteen miles ;ircater than the pres- 
 ent laud route. From Philadelphia to Trontou bridge, about tweuty-«!ij;ht mile«, tho 
 railrua>4i is nearly completed, and from New Urunswick, in J<rM-v, to .Terii<-y City, 
 on the west siile of the Hudson River, opposite ilio eity of Now York, thirty miles, thn 
 railroad is in a state of proj^ress. When these works shall be eoniplete<l, the only 
 interval will be between Trenton and New Brunswick, about twenty-six miles, to 
 complete an entire railroad between this place and the city of Now Yt>rk, and it can- 
 not be sui>posed that the enterprisinj; State of New Jeraey will long delay to perfect 
 a communieation of such great importance, passing ihrouyh most of ber largest ami 
 most flourishing t<>wns. 
 
 When this shall bo done, tho whcde distance between this city and New York on 
 a continuous railroad, will not exceed two hundred and forty miles, and the journey 
 may be performed at all times with certainty, allowing ample time for Rtopping at 
 important places on the road, in sixteen hours, and ordinarily in a shorter period. 
 
 If provision can be mado to secure the regular transjiortation of the mail upon 
 this and upon other railroads winch are constnictiug, and in some instances, already 
 finished, it will be of great utility to tho public, otherwise thuso corporations may 
 become exorbitant in their demands, and prove eventually to bo dangerous mono]i- 
 olies. 
 
 From the fipfures following in this table, the modest 78 miles repre- 
 senting the distance between South Anjboy and Camden, and New 
 Castle and Fienchtowu (Elkton), over which the mail was carried by 
 the stagecoach contractors in l.s;j4, it does not ai)pear that Postmaster- 
 General Barry was at all extravagant in his anticipations. 
 
 During the past year the increase in miles of railroad route over the 
 preceding year was 8,091, or 9.82 per cent. 
 
 ESTIMATE FOR 1881. 
 
 I append a table showing the expenditures for railway postal clerks 
 (new designation), from 1877 to the present time : 
 
 Expenditures «n account of eniployi's of raihcay mail service (railwa;/ pontal clrrk$) 1877 
 to lS-'i2, aud estimate for the same for lbcJ4. 
 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 S M 
 
 *i s. 
 
 ^ 
 
 FiBcal year ending Juuo 30— 
 
 B AM 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 a 
 
 c 
 
 u 
 
 b u 
 
 a 
 
 5i 
 w 
 
 
 i^i 
 
 s 
 
 » 
 
 
 Pi 
 
 1877 -- 
 
 2,500 
 
 
 (■'■-- - 
 
 i 
 
 
 lfi7g 
 
 2.608 
 2. 0<)8 
 
 io8 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 a.4« 
 
 6.79 
 
 
 1870 
 
 
 1880 
 
 2.IMrt 
 
 3:17 
 
 
 
 4.21 
 
 
 18S1 
 
 3.177 
 3,570 
 
 2J1 
 303 
 
 •a, "111, ihi'J WJ 
 fa, 077, 120 00 
 
 471.140 M 
 207, 120 00 
 
 11.37 
 0.47 
 14. «S 
 
 
 1082 
 
 
 18^» 
 
 
 Iggif 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 > ApproprinlioD. 
 
 t Eatlmato. 
 
 The average annual ])er cent, of increase of each year over the pro 
 ceding year from $l.',io(i,.>47.r>S in J.S77 to li'-iJlOjOtHJ appiDpriateil for 
 1883 is 7.20 per cent.; on which basis the cMiinato for l.SH^l .sliould br 
 $3,977,120. It is believed, in view of the large incn*as«» made for the 
 present iiscal year, and tlui facility with which expenditures ean Im^ rej; 
 iilated under the new organization, that this increaw* will !>»• KUllleienf 
 to enable postal clerks to bo ajipointCil upon new niilroads as fust as 
 completed, where the amount of mail to be handled is large onuiigh lo 
 justify their appointment.
 
 900 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 MAIL DISTRIBUTED, ERRORS CHECKED, v«tC. 
 
 During the ])ast year the railway postal clerks handled and distrib- 
 uted 2,155,L'l 3,880 letters and postal cards, and 1,1578,176,600 pieces of 
 other mail matter, or a total of all classes of ordinary mail matter of 
 0,433,390,480, besides 14,234,310 registered packages and 570,483 through 
 registered pouches. This was an increase over 1881 of 351,230, 160 
 letters, or 19.48 i)er cent., and of other mail matter of 228,880,250, or 
 21.82 per cent., and a total increase of all classes of mail matter of 
 580,110,410, or 20.33 per cent. The increase of registered packages 
 and pouches handled over the number reported last year is 2,776,028, or 
 23.9 per cent. 
 
 In the distribution of this matter 902,489 errors were made, or one 
 for every 3,805 pieces handled, against one in every 3,624 pieces han- 
 dled in 1881, one in every 3,482 pieces handled during 1880, and one in 
 every 3,469 pieces handled in 1879. These figures show that the clerks 
 continue to improve in accuracy in distribution with the increase of 
 the mails. During the past year 405,706 errors were checked against 
 postmasters as against 454,349 errors in 1881, which shows that the dis- 
 tribution at post-offices has improved during the year. Tables C, D', 
 and E\ hereto appended, give the details of which the foregoing is a 
 synopsis. 
 
 FACING SLIPS. 
 
 The regulations require postal clerks to place upon each letter package 
 and in eaeh sack of other mail matter made up bj them to be redistrib- 
 uted in another railway post-office, or post-office, a sli]) of paper called 
 a " facing slip," about four inches long by two and one-half inches wide, 
 and bearing on its lace, either printed or written, the descriptive title 
 and destination of the mail forwarded under it, the postmark of the rail- 
 way x)ost-office and direction moving, and the name of the clerk making 
 up the mail. These slips are also placed inside of packages and sacks 
 made up direct for a post-office. 
 
 The clerk who ox)ens one of these packages or sacks, if the package 
 or sack has been missent or misdirected, notes the fact upon the slip, 
 which he retains, and sends the package or sack in the proper direction 
 accompanied by one of his own slips. 
 
 If the package or sack is properly addressed, the clerk notes upon the 
 slip whether any letters, &c., have been placed therein which should 
 have been sent in another direction or included in s«me other package 
 or sack, giving a description of the same, and placing his name and post- 
 mark upon the incorrect slip. At the end of each trip a report is made 
 to the division superintendent of the mail received, distributed, and de- 
 livered upon the trip, giving the number of packages of letters and sacks 
 of other mail distributed. With this report are inclosed all incorrect 
 slips. 
 
 Tables C, D\ and E^ are consolidated from these trip reports. IJe- 
 l)eated ;tctual counts have enabled this office to fix upon the average 
 number of letters in a package as 40, and of pieces of other mail matter 
 in a sack as 150, and by multiplying the number of packages and sacks 
 by these figures respectively an approximate estimate of the work i)er- 
 formed is obtained. It must be remembered, however, that the totals 
 thus obtained are largely in excess of the entire number of letters, &c., 
 mailed in the United States during the year, as every time a letter or 
 paper is distributed it is counted, and while one distribution takes a 
 large number of pieces of mail to their destination, a still larger number
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 901 
 
 require two or more distributions before each piece is placed in a direct 
 package or sack for the ])Ostonic<' to which it is achlressed. 
 
 It appears from Table C that during tiie year Gl.',t()8,lUl letter pack- 
 ages and sacks of otlicr mail were distributed, each of which nHjuired a 
 facing shp to accompany it. One half may safely be add»'<l to this num- 
 ber for facing slips i>laced in direct ])ackages aiid sacks, making a total 
 of93,G12,28G facing slips used by this service during the year. Th»- 
 number of blank slips furnished by the blank agency is reiiorted by thi- 
 superintendent as .'}ii,73(l,GOO. The remainder, about sixty millions, "wen* 
 procured by the clerks at tludr own expense with the information printed 
 thereon, which is required by the regulations to be either luinted or 
 written. The average })rice i)ai(l by the clerks for i)rinting. the i)apei- 
 (manila wi-apping) being furnished by the blank agency, is J.j cents per 
 thousand. It thus ai>pears that the postal clerks contribiit<'d out of 
 their own scanty pay about !jir»,0()0 for the improvement of the postal 
 service during the past year. It is greatly to be desired that the use of 
 printed slii)S be made general, as it contributes very largely to accuracy 
 in distribution and dispatch of the mails, but I do not think it right to 
 require clerks to have them i)rinked at their own exiu'nse. The ])rint- 
 ing of these slips ought to be done at tlivision headcpiarters, under the 
 supervision of the superintendent, upon paper furnished as now by the 
 blank agency. I have for some time been reluctant to approve requisi- 
 tions for pai)er belonging to the postal servic<' to bo deliver«'(l to outside 
 parties for printing and cutting into slii)s for the use of i)ostal ch*rks, 
 and have only done so in rare instances, because the intenvst of the 
 service seemed to demand it. By an expenditun- of not over $1,000 at 
 each division headquarters a press, paper-cutter, tyi)e, &<•., could be 
 purchased, and postal clerks could be detailed to i)rint and issue the 
 slips as needed. 1 would therefore re«iuest that Congress be aske«l to 
 authorize the Postmaster General to expend out of the appropriation 
 for transportation of the mails by railroads, not to exceed nine thou- 
 sand dollars for the purchase of i)resses, pai)er-cuttera, ami printing ma- 
 terial, to be used at the several division lieadquarters in printing fuciug 
 slips for this service. 
 
 CASE EXA:sriNATIOX.^— CHIEF CLEUKS. 
 
 Tables F' and G', hereto api)ended, show the results of the exam- 
 inationfi of the railway i)ostal clerks dining the year in the distribution 
 of cards bearing the names of post-olliees into cases labeled witli the 
 States and counties in which the jwist otlices are located. These exam- 
 inations are conducted by ]>oslal clerks of class live, at a salary of 
 $1,400 per annum, who are detailed, on account of their superior knowl- 
 edge of the service and their execulivr ability, as (-hief clerks t«» Kui>er- 
 intend these examinations, and also to assist division superintendents 
 at important railroad junctions in the general management of the 
 service. 
 
 In the discharge of these duties they are necessarily compelh-d to 
 travel a great deal, involving (vmsiderable additional expense, for whiih 
 they ought to be repaid. I therefore recommend that Congress Ih» aske<l 
 to give the rostmaster-General authority to allow railway p«»stal clerks 
 detailed as chief clerks not to exceed J*.! \h'V day for expenses while 
 traveling on the business of the railway mail service, to be paid out 
 of the appropriation for the transportation of the mail by railroad.
 
 902 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 PKOBATIONAllY APPOINTMENTS. 
 
 Attention is invited to tlie Tiible G', bein^- :i .statement of the case 
 examinations of raihva}^ postal elerks (lurinj4- i)robation. It will be seen 
 that out of 1,027 appointed upon probation, 208 (or over twenty per 
 cent.) failed to pass fhial examination, and either resigned or were 
 dropped at the expiration of their probationary terms. 
 
 c;asualties — keleef for the yictims. 
 
 Table H', hereto appended, shows that during tfhe past fiscal year 
 there were 83 casualties, in which 3 railway postal clerks lost their 
 lives, IC were seriously and 20 were slightly wounded. 
 
 During the past eight years, as appears from Table I^ compiled from 
 the annual reports, 2G9 casualties have been reported, in which 19 
 employes of this service have been killed, 84 have been seriously and 
 77 slightly wounded. Under the regulations, as amended by an order 
 of the Postmaster-Cleneral of June IC, 1882, leave of absence with pay 
 is granted to postal clerks disabled by injuries received, without con- 
 tributary negligence on their part, while in the discharge of their duties, 
 for a period of not to exceed six months; but any extension of leave 
 beyond that period must bo without pay, whicli is a hardship for which 
 relief should be given, and the Postmaster-General should be authorized 
 to continue such disabled postal clerks upon leave with the full pay of 
 their grade until recovery, or at least one year. 
 
 No provision is or can be made for the families of those killed in the 
 service until action is taken by Congress. I renew the recommendation 
 made in each annual report for the last seven years, that the Postmaster- 
 General may be authorized to pay to the widow, or guardian of minor chil- 
 dren, of railway postal clerks killed in the service, a sum equal to two 
 years' salary of the grade held at the time of death. This would involve 
 no additional appropriation, as the deductions from pay for failure to per- 
 form service, absence without leave, leaves of absence without pay, 
 and violations of the regulations would be sufficient to meet all such 
 payments. During the last fiscal year these deductions, as reported 
 by the Auditor, amounted to nearly $15,000, which now reverts into the 
 Treasury. The three clerks killed in the accident between Charleston, 
 S. C, and Savannah, Ga., January 22, 1882, received salaries at the fol- 
 lowing rates: H. A. Pox, $1,300; W. H. Burbridge, $1,150; and George 
 E. Osborne, $900, each per annum. Two years' pay to the widows 
 or children of these men amounts to $0,700, or less than one-half the 
 amount deducted for the reasons above mentioned. It is impossible to 
 preserve the discipline necessary among a force of nearly 4,000 men in or- 
 der to keep up the efficiency of the service, without making deductions 
 from the pay of individuals for failure to perform service, or for neglect to 
 discharge their duties in accordance with the postal laws and regula- 
 tions, and it would greatly add to the welfare of the service and go far to 
 remove the discontent sometimes manifested by those who have had 
 deductions made from their pay, were Congress to authorize the Post- 
 master-General to apply these deductions, as above suggested, to the 
 relief of the families of those killed, and to meet the necessities of those 
 disabled for a longer term than leave of absence with pay is now 
 granted for. 
 
 RAILWAY postal CARS— ESTIMATE. 
 
 The appropriation for railway post-office cars for the past year was 
 $1,520,000. The railway post-o'ffice lines upon Avhich railway post-office 
 cars were run and paid for are designated % their names being printed 
 in italics in Table A\ to which reference is made. They are the main
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 903 
 
 trunk lines upon which the great through mails are trausitortod ami 
 distributed. A detailed account of the division of the ai)j)rui»riatiuij 
 among the railroads comprisiug these lines is given in Tal>le I, appendt'd 
 to the report of the Second Assistant rostmaster-General. It is 1h}- 
 lieved that the increase of business over existing trunk lines and the 
 completion of missing links in nearly completed new trunk linos will 
 necessitate an additional appropriation for 1884 of .*1()(),0(H», and I there- 
 fore recommend that an appropriation of $J,GL'G,000 be asked for rail- 
 way postal cars for 1884. 
 
 LOCAL UAILWAY POST-OFFICE SERVICE. 
 
 Much inconvenience is experienced by the inhabitants of the towns 
 and villages along some of the lines of railroad traveled by the rail- 
 way post-offices carrying the great through mails, on account of the in 
 convenience to business men of the hours at which the railway post- 
 offices arrive and depart. Upon most of these roads lU'commodation 
 trains are run to and from the principal terminals for distances of ICKt 
 miles, more or less. It will be a great benefit to the i)eople living along 
 these lines if postal clerks can be placed upon these accomniodation 
 trains, and tlie revenues of the department would be, increased by tbe 
 additional number of letters which Avould be written when business 
 men could write in the morning to their correspondents in the city or 
 in the neighboring towns and receive a reply in the evening of tin* 
 same day. It is believed that with the additional appropriation asked 
 for railway postal clerks the service can be placed upon such trains 
 where it is most needed. Wherever the correspondence already exist 
 ing is sufficient to warrant the establishment of a railway post-office 
 (new designation), the correspondence will double soon after such facil- 
 ities are furnished for its more speedy exchange. 
 
 FAST MAILS AiS'D SPECIAL FACILITIES. 
 
 The appropriation for special facilities for 1882 was $425,000. A de- 
 tailed statement of the manner in which the approj)riation was expende<l 
 will be found in Table K, appended to the report of the Second Assistant 
 Postmaster General. 
 
 The results obtained by the expenditure were as follows ; 
 
 New Yorlc to ISprhigJield, ^fas8. (Now York, New Haven and liailford 
 Bailroad). — This train was established at the instance of the Post-Ollire 
 Department. Leaving New York at 5 a. m., it received mail leaving 
 Washington, 1). C, the previous day at 5.40 p. m.; iJaltiinoro, 7.2.1 p. 
 m.; Philadeli)hia, 12 midnight; and New York at 5 a. m. l)elivtMe«l and 
 received mail between New York and New Haven, Conn., where it ar- 
 rived at 8.0;j a. m. AVithout this train the mail would have been dr 
 livered at New Haven at 10.20 a. m. It conne«ted at New Hav«'n with 
 train leaving at 8.08 a. nj., with a i)ostal <lerk, for New I/oiulon an»l 
 Providence. JNlail was received and delivered at all int«'rme«liat4' (»nices, 
 and delivered at New London at 10.10 a. m. instead of 12.40 p. m.; 
 Providence, at 12.45 instead of ^.45 \u m.; antl there was a train con- 
 nection from Providenc«! to Boston. The New Haven and Willinmntie ]l. 
 P. O. left New Haven in connection with this train at 8.05 a. m.. and at 
 Willimantic connected with the Boston and Waterbury IJ. P. U. Mails 
 were delivered and reeeive<l at all places betw»'en New Haven and 
 Boston. Mails were delivered at Middletown at 8.58 p. m., arriving in 
 Boston at 1.25 p. m. instead of .'$.55 p. ni.; arriving at Hartford at O.l I 
 a. m. instead of 11.45 a. m.; Springfield, at 10.40 a. ni. instead of 12.2S 
 p. m. Mail for Lowell and Lawrence was delivered at .'...'{O p. m., for- 
 merly delivered at 0.30 p. m. Larly deliveries were also made to Wor-
 
 904 PAPEKS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 cester, Salem, Lyini, lN\i\vburyport, Jiaveiiiill, and many other imi)ortant 
 offices ill Massachusetts; to Nasluia, Manchester, Concord, Portsmouth, 
 Dover, Great Falls, and to other offices in New Ilampshire, and to points 
 in Maine as far east as Portland. This train was not in the Kail way 
 Guide as one of the company's passenger trains. It carried a very large 
 mail. 
 
 New York to Chicago, III. (New York Central and Iludson Eiver Eail- 
 road, and Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Raih'oad). — This was for 
 the fast mail that left New York at 4.35 a. m. and arrived at Chicago 
 the following morning at 0.40 a. m.; also for another fast mail that left 
 New York at 8.50 p. m., arriving at Cleveland, Ohio, the following day 
 at .1.50 p. m., Toledo 5.40 x>. m., and Chicago the second day at G a. m. 
 
 Ti*ain lea%ing New York at 4.35 a. m. Three postal cars on this train, 
 New York to Syracuse; two from Syracuse to Buffalo, and one from 
 Buffalo to Chicago. This train was established at the instance of the 
 Post-Office Dei)artment as special to Albany, where the postal cars 
 were transferred to the regular train "made up" there for Buffalo, and 
 from Buffalo to Chicago on the limited express, where it arrived at 9.40 
 a. m. At Fishkill it connected with the Millersville and Dutchess 
 Junction E. P. O. It delivered mail at Newburgh at 6.10 a. m. instead 
 of 10.01 a. m.; Poughkeepsie, at C.30 a. m. instead of 10.36 a. m. At 
 Ehineclift' it connected with the Boston Corners and Ehiueclift' E. P. O. 
 Delivered the mail at Ehinecliff, Eondout, and Kingston at 6.54 a. m. 
 instead of 11.08 a. m.; Hudson, 7.32 a. m. instead of 12.01 p. m.; Albany, 
 8.20 a. m. instead of 1 p. m.; Troy, 8.50 a. m. instead of 1.15 p. in.; Sche- 
 nectady at 9 a. m. instead of 1.55 p. m.; Little Falls at 10.45 a. m, in- 
 stead of 3.50 p. m. ; Utica, 11.22 a. m. instead of 4.30 p. in. ; Eome, 11.53 
 a. m. instead of 5.09 p. m.; Syracuse at 1 p. m. instead of 6.25 p. m.; 
 Eochester, 4.05 p. m. instead of 11.05 p. m.; Buffalo, 6.30 p. m. instead of 
 midnight. Formerly these postal cars left New York at 8 a. m. and 
 arrived at Chicago the following day at 7.40 p. m. The arrival at 9.40 
 a. m. instead of 7.40 p. m. is equivalent to the saving of one business 
 day to Chicago, and for all points west and northwest of Chicago, as 
 all the principal connections are made at Chicago; and this is particu- 
 larly the case for all jjoints west of Omaha, as the Union Pacific Railroad 
 only runs one train j^er day, and this train made the connection. 
 
 The southwestern mails from New York were sent via the Pennsyl- 
 vania Eailroad, yet there was a large accumulation of mail on this train 
 for that section, and the connection was made at Toledo, Ohio, which 
 saved as much time as for points west of Chicago. 
 
 Train leaving New York at 8.50 p. m. There were three postal cars on 
 this train that ran special with express cars (no passengers) to Cleve- 
 land, Ohio (a distance of six hundred and twenty-six miles). Form- 
 erly this mail left New Yorlc at 6 p. m., which necessitated a close in 
 the New York office at 4 p. m., too early to get all the mail, as there is a 
 large amount of mail posted between the closing for the 6 p. m. train 
 and that for the 8.30 p. m. train, and all of the mail that accumulated 
 between the hours above named and \Tas forwarded at 8.50 p. m. gained 
 twelve hours. This train received at Albany the mail that left Boston 
 at 6 p. m., whereas if the postal cars left New York at 6 p. m. it would 
 require a departure from Boston at 3 p, ni. This train received and 
 delivered mail at all important points between New Y'ork and Buffalo, 
 where it arrived at 9.15 a. m.; Erie, Pa., 11.31 a. m.; Cleveland, Ohio, 
 1.55 p. m. At this point connections were made for the South and 
 Southwest, viz: Cincinnati, arriving at 11.15 p. m.; Louisville, 8.20 a. 
 m.: and Saint Louis, at 8.20 a. m. This train delivered and received
 
 REPORT OP THE P03TMA8TER-GENERAL. 906 
 
 mail at all oflQw^s betwetMi Biitlalo and Clevclaml and all of the larger 
 offices between Cleveland and Chicago; anived at ToUmIo 5.30 p. m.; 
 Chicago, the secoud morning atG a. m., in time for the first delivery and 
 to make all outward connections. Mail that left New York at 8.50 p. 
 m. arrived at Cleveland, also Toledo, in time for delivery the following 
 day; also at all intermediate points. 
 
 New York to Pittuhxinih. (Uncitniati, Saijit Louin, and Cliiaigo (Penn- 
 sylvania Ilailroad; Pittsi>urgh, Chicago and Saint Louis Railroad; and 
 Fort Wayne and Chicago IJailroad). — This arnnigcment was for a fast 
 mail leaving New York at 8 p. m., arriving at Pittsburgh the following 
 morning, Cincinnati the following night, and Saint l.ouis tin- second 
 morning; and for another fast mail that left New York at 8 a. m., whidi 
 now leaves at 4.35 a. m. 
 
 The 4,35 a. m. train from New York haule<l tin* AVashington postal 
 car to Philadelphia, and had two cars for Pittsburgh and tlie Wost and 
 Southwest. At Columbus, Ohio, one car went to Cincinnati and the 
 other to Saint Louis. ^lail was delivered and received at all otlici's 
 between New Y"ork and Pittsburgh, arriving at Ilarrisbnrgh at 11 a. ni. 
 instead of 7.40 p. m.; Altoona at 3.45 p. m. instead of 12 midnight. 
 Mail was delivered and received at all the larger oftices between 
 Pittsburgh and Columbus, reaching Columbus at 3.45 a. m. instead of 
 9.20 a. m., and arrived at Cincinnati at 8 a. m., instead of 3.05 j). m., mak- 
 ing the southern connections for Louisville and the South, via Louis- 
 ville, at 12.45 p. m. instead of 8.05 p. m. Formerly this conne<tion 
 was broken at Cincinnati, consequently there was a delay of twche 
 hours for all points southwest from Cincinnati. This tiaiii, via Ix>uis- 
 ville and Nashville Kailroad, had a direct connection to New Orleans, 
 also to Mem]>his, Tenn. 
 
 The 8 p. m. train Irom New York carried three ixtstal cars. On the 
 1st day of July, 1881, there was a fast mail established on the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad between New York ami Cobimbus, Ohio, leaving 
 New York at 8.35 p. m., after tlie <lose of l)usiIu^ss, receiving all the 
 important business mail of tlie day, and, by fast running, overtaking 
 at Columbus, Ol)io, the regular fast e\]>ress that left New York two 
 hours and thirty minutes earlier. AtC'olumbus tlie postal cars attached 
 to this train were sei)arated, one goingtoCineinnati, Ohio, on the ivgu- 
 lar fast express, and the other two going to Saint Louis, Mo., via 
 Indianapolis, Iiul., on the regular express and i)assenger train, arriv- 
 ing at Saint Louis, ]\Io., in time to make a connection with all moruiug 
 outward trains. 
 
 The late departure at New York largely increases the amount of 
 mail forwarded on this train, which is advanced twelve hours. 
 
 .lanuary 21, 1S82, the schedule of this lirst-meutioneil train was 
 changed to arrive at Pittsburgh at 1.50 p. m., thereby losing the morn- 
 ingconneetion at lMtts])urgh. 
 
 New Yorl- to Saranuah, (in., .farksonrillr, /•'/«/., ilv. (Pennsylvania 
 Kailroad: Richmond, !• ledericksburgh and Potoniae Ifaihoad: Rich- 
 mond and Petersbiuuh R:iilroad: \\'ilmington and Weldon liailroad : 
 Petersburgii Kailroiul: Wilmington, Cobiml)ns ami Augusta Railroad: 
 North-Eastenr Railroad: Savannah and Charleston Railroa<l). Thi-N 
 was for a fast mail that left New York at 4.35 a. m. (with e(.Mm-<.-tion 
 leaving Boston the i)revious i-vening at 0.15; lor IMiiladelphia, Haiti- 
 more, Washington, iMchmond, Wilmington. Charleston, and Savannah, 
 with connection to Jacksonville, Fla., and «lelivi'ml mail at Ralli 
 more at 9.<">0a. m. instead of 3.:'.«; ji. m.: Washington, 11.20 a. m. instead 
 of 4.40 p. m. ; Richmond, 3 p. m. instead of 9.50 p. m.; PetersburgU
 
 906 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 at 4 p. m. instead of 10.55 p. ni. ; Wcklon, (J p. m. instead of 1.20 a. m. ; 
 Wilmington, 11.05 \). m. instead of 7.05 i». ni. ; I'Morence, li.47 a. ni. instead 
 of 11.40 a. ni. ; Columbia, 0.10 a. ni. instead of 4.25 p. m. ; Auj^nsta, 
 9.52 a. tn. instead of 8.40 p. m. ; (Jliailestou, 0.50 a. lu. instead of 4.25 
 p. m. ; Savannali, 10.45 a. m. instead of 9.40 p. ui., and connected with 
 train that arrived at Jacksonville at 5.30 p. m. 
 
 This line received and delivered mail at all interinediatc })Oints. 
 
 Richmond to Atlanta^ Ga. (Richmond and Danville llailroad). This 
 was for fast mail to Atlanta, Ga., November 20, 1881. It was trans- 
 ferred to start from Washington instead of Richmond, which did not 
 materially increase the expense, and February 12, 1882, was discon- 
 tinued by the railroad company. While in operation it left Richmond on 
 the arrival of the fast mail from the North, and arrived at Atlanta at 
 11 a. m. By the regular train the mail would have arrived at 12 mid- 
 night. It connected with the noon train out of Atlanta, and arrived 
 at New Orleans at 10.22 a. m. instead of 10.02 p. m. There was a 
 postal car on this train, and mails were delivered at all intermediate 
 offices. All mail for points west of Atlanta was advanced twelve hours, 
 and New Orleans received the benefits of one business day. 
 
 Alexandria to Lynchhun/h, Va. (Virginia Midland Railroad). — This was 
 for a night train on this road with through connections to the South. 
 Prior to February 12, 1882, it left at 10.15 p. m. and made the same con- 
 nections to Atlanta as the line via Richmond that left Washington at 5 
 p.m. Since that date it has left at 7 p. m. 
 
 Tocoi to ^aint Augustine, Fla. (Saint John's Railway). — This was for 
 twenty-six additional round trips in connection with the night boat on 
 the Saint John's River. 
 
 ESTIMATES FOE. SPECIAL FACILITIES FOR 1884. 
 
 Thus far during the present year only a small portion of the appro- 
 priation for special facilities has been expended, on account of the in- 
 ability in most instances of the Postmaster-General to agree with the 
 railroad companies upon any terms that he believed to be advantageous 
 to the department. On the lines from W^ashington, D. C., to Atlanta, 
 Ga., the companies withdrew the fast service before the end of the last 
 fiscal year, and abandoned all claim to any allowance out of the appro- 
 priation. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company also withdrew the fast 
 mail between New York and Pittsburgh, Pa. The service over that 
 route is now slow and unsatisfactory. 
 
 The Atlantic Coast Line from New York to Charleston, S. C, has 
 been continued under the same arrangement as last year. 
 
 It is believed, however, that in the near future the Postmaster-General 
 will be able to make arrangements for the establishment of fast mail 
 service where it is needed, upon terms which will be lust to the railroads, 
 and advantageous to the department and to the public. It is necessary 
 that this appropriation be continued as long as the present method of 
 adjusting the compensation of railroads for carrying the mail is kept up, 
 in order that the Postmaster-General may have the power and authority 
 to meet emergencies. 
 
 I would therefore respectfully recommend that the appropriation for 
 the next fiscal year be the same as it is for the present, viz, $000,000. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 In concluding my last annual report, after expressing my personal 
 obligations to the assistant superintendents and railway postal clerks 
 for the intelligence, zeal, fidelity, and energy with which they had dis- 
 chai'ged the difficult, responsible, and often dangerous duties intrusted
 
 REPORT OP THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 907 
 
 to their care, I ventured the stateineut that uo civil service in the world 
 could show their superiors. Even having in mind the improvement in 
 the cfliciency of the service durin;? the pa.st year, I can say no more than 
 Avhat I then said. Their .services deserve to Ite rccojrnized in .sonit^ 
 thint;- better than mere words. The act <»f Conyrcs.s reor^ranizin^ the 
 service was but the tirst step in this direction, it renjains for Con- 
 gress to enact that their tenure of office .sliall be made i»ernianenr (lur- 
 ing good behavior, and that deductions of pay for absences without 
 leave, &c., orfor minor violations of the regulations, shall not be turned 
 into the Treasury as now, but shall be used to provide for the uecessi- 
 ties of tho.se disabled in the service, and for the famihes of those killed 
 in the lino of duty. 
 
 Whatever objections may with i)ropriet3' be urged against such leg- 
 islation in regard to persons holding otln-r <'ivil oflices uiuler the United 
 States, they only .servo as additional arguments in favor of the.se acts 
 of justice to po.stal clerks. AVJiile other civil emjjloyes receive higher 
 salaries for mere clerical Avork requiring n<» special preparatory study, 
 the highest pay a postal clerk is allowed by law is $1,400 per annum, 
 and this can only be obtained after years of study and manifestation of 
 clerical and executive abilities, such as in other branches of the civil 
 service would be rewarded by a far higher compensation, to say noth- 
 ing of the con.stant danger of railroad accidents to which all postal 
 clerks are exjiosed. It must not be forgotten, that but for tin- fact that 
 during the i)ast twenty-two years the tenureof ollice of all ])ostal clerks 
 has been, by the general practice <if the «iepartment, permam'iit during 
 good behavior, the service never cimhl have aittaiued its jtreseut state of 
 efficiency. !So long, however, as this general practice remains unsanc- 
 tioned by positive law com])elIing it, therci is still sullicient uncertainty 
 about the tenure of officte to interfere with that entire and i)erfect con- 
 lldence that merit and efficiency are certain of reward, if not by imme- 
 diate ])romotion, at least by retention in the service, which isnecessarj' 
 to inspire men to devote themselves enthusiastically to the work in 
 which they are engaged. Were the tenure of office ab.solutely .se<'ure, 
 young men entering the service would devote them.selves t(» it as a life 
 profession, having before their eyes the hope of eventually rising to the 
 position of superintendent; just as the present superintendents liave 
 risen step by step from the lowest grade in the service. 
 
 That there is a si)ecial reason why the railway jjostal service should 
 be juotected by the legislation herein recommended has be«'n it'cog- 
 ognized for many years by the jiraclice of the department, but thc're 
 never was a tinu' before wln'u the ])uhlic interests woidd so gi-eatly 
 suffer by the inauguration of a jxdicy which should lead th«' railway postal 
 clerks to believer that in jyiy instaiu;e, or under any circumstances, a 
 good recoi'd for the faithfid and efficient discharge of their dutii'S woidd 
 not be sullicient to secrure their retention in ollice during continued goo«l 
 behavior; because never before has tlie railway jtostal servii-e been con- 
 «Iuct<Ml by men who have ma<le it the sole business of their lives for 
 nearly tw<'nty years to add t<» its efficienc^y, and who have learned to 
 meet the wai.ts of the i^eople in i>ostal facilities as fast as such wants 
 arise; and never befon' have the postal clerks been traint'd by .so nniny 
 years of exi)erience and study lo secure the greatest possil»le certainty, 
 celerity, and security in ffuwarding to its destiuatiun every letter and 
 other article of mail nmtter intrusted to their care. 
 
 I have the honor to be, sir, verv respectfully, your obedient .'tervant, 
 W. li. TUOMPSON, (j'oural SupnintemlcHt. 
 
 Hon. R. A. Elmeu, 
 
 Second Assistant rostmasterOcncra!.
 
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 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 909 
 
 Comparative statement of the railway mail ncrrice, IStJO to 1882. 
 
 * Including oU-nmboat service, no iM>pnr*tc irport. 
 
 tServic« 8u«i>on<liMl in Southi-m Statts. 
 
 Jlndudinjj Tuiiil nioRH«>nt:.ri«-r\-l(i'. , ., , . ,, i / ., i t ^i 
 
 II This colnniii i« takiii fivin PooiV* Maunal. and !•• mndo up to llir mil of tlir ral^ndnr yf*r Th« 
 other columns ripvcsciit th«> l«tnt<^ of ihi> hi-fi- i>.- nt tlj.- < li«.> ■'! o«rh tl- n| ymv. 
 
 The lORt of snrvico iiiitl nf ciiiplov ca of tho railw^i mall ouivico i» Ukui Ihun Uie npvtXM 01 (heSro 
 end Assistaut l'ustniiistciUom.'ii»l.
 
 910 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Statement of casiialties in the railway mail service during the fiscal year 
 
 ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 July 1, 1881. — The freight train and construction train collided this 
 morning at 8.20 near Corinth, Miss., wrecking the mail car. The mail 
 was transferred to a baggage car and distributed along the line as far 
 as practicable, as most of it was made up. The mails were delayed but 
 none lost, and no one was injured. 
 
 July 1, 1881. — Train collided with a freight train at Templeton, Ind., 
 smashing the postal car. The mail was transferred to a baggage car 
 and taken to Chicago. No local work could be done north of Temple- 
 ton, and all the connections were missed. 
 
 July 1, 1881. — At 3.48 this afternoon a postal clerk on the fast train 
 from Saint Lonis to Indianapolis on the Vandalia Railroad, threw a 
 leather pouch from the mail car at ^armony, Ind., in such a manner 
 that the pouch was drawn under the train and badly mutilated. The 
 mail in the pouch was cut up and most of it destroyed. There were no 
 registered packages in the pouch. 
 
 July 13, 1881. — Train leaving Nashville, Tenn., at 8.40 a. m. for 
 Evansville, Ind., was wrecked and the mail car overturned. Nobody 
 was hurt and nothing lost and the mail transferred in good order. 
 
 July 13, 1881. — A fire, originating it is supposed from cinders from 
 the engine, broke out in the Decatur and Montgomery E. P. O. this day, 
 badly burning registered pouches Nos. 3023 and 2886 and four canvas 
 sacks of mail. The contents of all the pouches were saved, though the 
 mail was more or less damaged. 
 
 July 22, 1881. — The steamer Marlin Speed sank this morning 65 
 miles above Pine Blujff at 2 o'clock, but all the mail was saved. 
 
 July 23, 1881. — The steamer Cornie Brandon sank to-day about 90 
 miles below Shreveport, La. The mail was somewhat damaged by the 
 mud and water, but was saved and forwarded to destination. 
 
 July 24, 1881.— Train No. 2 left Cheyenne for Denver to- day 6 hours 
 late, and when about 3 miles south of Berthoud, Colo., while running 
 over a culvert, which was washed out by the heavy rains, broke through 
 demolishing the engine, tender, and mail car. The engineer was killed 
 outright and the foreman of the car was badly wounded. J. D. La 
 Course, the route agent on the mail car, was cut about the face and 
 otherwise bruised, but succeeded in saving all the registered matter 
 and most of the other mail, the rest being totally destroyed and carried 
 off by the water. 
 
 July 31, 1881. — The United States mail packet Osceola Belle was 
 totally destroyed by lire between 6 and 7 o'clock in the evening. The 
 personal effects of the mail messenger, together with some of the govern- 
 ment property were burned, but the mail was saved. 
 
 August 4, 1881. — About 1 mile north of Plaquemine the engiue of 
 train JNo. 3 left the track and ran into the ditch, badly damaging the 
 postal car. All of the mail was saved and was forwarded to destina- 
 tion after some detention. 
 
 August 6, 1881. — Train wrecked 6 miles east of Kokomo, Ind. En- 
 gine smashed and mail car thrown on its side. Mail all safe but delayed 
 13 hoars. 
 
 August 6, 1881. — Steamer Plow Boy was sunk in the Arkansas Eiver 
 this morning, about 25 miles above Pine Bluff'. The mail was saved 
 and delivered by stage mail.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 911 
 
 August 8, 1881. — Mail stoanior Laura Lee went afjroiiiul tliis morn- 
 ing. The mail was saved, but (klaye<l 1*4 hours, when it was transferred 
 to agent on the Fanchon on its north run. 
 
 A^qimt 17, 1881. — A freight train ran into the mail car at Kmporia 
 Junction, on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa F<j Kailroad, knocking the 
 mail car on its side. Tlio letter mail and part of the paper mail were 
 damaged by the water from the buckets and cooler, and oil from three 
 lamps that were broken. All of the mail was gathered and turned 
 over to the jmstmaster at Parsons, Kans. 
 
 Auffusf 21, 1881. — Train was ditched at Converse, Mo. Jvoute Agent 
 J. N. Thomas, in charge of the mail car, was considerably bruised, but 
 not enough to disable liim from duty. The mail wiis saved and i)roperly 
 forwarded. 
 
 tieptemher 5, 1891. — Train No. ni, west bound, was wrecked near 
 Shenandoah, Iowa, the mail car and two })assenger cars falling down 
 an embankment 10 feet high. The route agent, Jacob lleiman, was 
 slightly bruised. A small quantity of mail was so batUy danujgcd that 
 it could not be forwarded. The rest was saved and cared for. 
 
 Scptemher 13, 1881. — While the Washington and Kir-hmond railway 
 post-olhce car was standing in the depot at Washington, 1>. C, it was 
 run into by the shifting engine, throwing two sections of the letter caaes 
 into the middle of the tloor, breaking three lamps and soaking several 
 hundred letters with oil. The letters were forwarded to their destina- 
 tion. 
 
 September 24, 1881. — Tornado caught us at West Quincy^ blowing the 
 doors open and the ventilator from olV the top of the car, wetting all 
 of the letters. Water stood G inches high on the tloor of the car. 
 
 September 20, 1881. — By a collision between trains Nos. 40 and 47, 
 Richmond, Va., and Wilmington, N. C, railway post ()nice, at Chester, 
 Va., W. S. Hawkins, who was on duty on No. 40, and (I. P. liourk, on 
 No. 47, were severely injured. N. H. Jones, of the same line, is now 
 unable to perform duty on account of injuries re<'eived a few days 
 ago. The mail was secured and transferred to another car witiiout its 
 having sustained any damage. 
 
 September 2!>, 1881. — The mail train on the Fort Dodge and Des 
 Moines lino encountered a very severe wind-storm near liipley, Iowa, 
 and the entire train was blown olf the track and overtunie<l. Route 
 Agent Luther L. Cassidy received a severe cut on one wrist an<l was 
 very much shook uj). 
 
 October 1, 1881. — Pouch was thrown under train at Mount Vernon, 
 Iowa, cutting it uj) and badly damaging the paper mail. The letter 
 mail was not injured. Pouch and contiMits were recovenvl by tlie i>Of»t- 
 master. 
 
 October 3, 1881.— Postal car Montgomery, M. W. King in rliarge, 
 was comi)letcly wrecked south of Hay Minctte, Ala. Mr. King wjis 
 badly bruised an<l internally injured. A i)art of the mail was <lamaged 
 by the oil from broken lamps and by tlirt and watrr. Most of it was 
 recovered and forwarded. 
 
 October 27, lssi._The steanjer Jennie Ciilchrist was sunk in the 
 ]\Iississi[>pi Ifivi'r at the railroad bridge bet\v(M>n Itock Island, 111. and 
 Davenport, Iowa, and two poiidirs containing two rcgistcrc«l pa«'kages 
 were lost. 
 
 October 21, 1881. — Within 2 miles of Augusta, (la., tlic ciiLriuc of (he 
 train ran over a cow, throwing it under the mail car causing n com 
 plete smash-up. The tlooring of the nniil c^r uns; . ipMi-.l m. runin-' tin.
 
 912 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 wheels through. The mail was transferred to another car without de- 
 lay and forwarded. 
 
 November 7, 1881. — An aecident occurred to the train of the Gaylord 
 and Bay City agent, hound south, by which the rnail car was badly 
 damaged and the passenger coaches partially destroyed. The agent 
 was not seriously injured, and none of the mail was lost. He has not 
 been able to find his postmarking stamp since the accident. 
 
 November 13, 1881. — Mail • car out of Cleveland, Tenn., ran ofif the 
 track. No one injured, and no mail lost. Mail was delayed 3 hours. 
 
 November 17, 1881. — Train No. 15, Lehigh Valley Eailroad, was 
 wrecked at Wyalusing, and the mail badly scorched. With the excep- 
 iton of one pouch, tliat was burned, the mail was forwarded. 
 
 November 19, 1881. — The Havana and Springfield train bound south 
 fell through a bridge 5 miles north of Springfield. Eoute Agent W. 
 S. Allen was considerably hurt. The mail was all saved. 
 
 November 28, 1881. — Pouch and sack thrown oft" at Broken Straw, 
 N. Y., struck edge of platform and bounded back against the car, badly 
 damaging the canvas sack containing the paper mail, which was partially 
 destroyed. The pouch was uninjured. 
 
 December 4, 1881. — Passenger train on the Western North Carolina 
 Eaili'oad ran oft' the track, and was precipitated down an embankment. 
 There was a mail car attached to the train, which was completely 
 wrecked. 
 
 December 5, 1881. — An accident occurred to the Louisville and Nash- 
 ville railway iwst-oflBce, bound north, train No. 4, day line, at Madison, 
 Tenn., caused by the locomotive breaking loose from the train. The 
 automatic brake on the ren)aiuder of the train failed to act, letting the 
 cars overtake the engine, which was standing still. Tlie shock was so 
 great as to break in the front end of the postal car, knocking down 
 the letter case and breaking the pouch rack. J. M. Bailhache, head 
 clerk, and J. B. Brawner, assistant clerk, were on duty, and were both 
 thrown down and somewhat injured. Mr. Bailhache was unable to per- 
 form duty for one week, and Mr. Brawner has not been on duty since 
 the accident (December 19). A portion of the letter mail was damaged 
 by water, but all was recovered from the wreck, and forwarded to 
 destination. 
 
 December 20, 1881. — Mail steamer J. S. Hopkins, running between 
 Evansville, Ind., and Cairo, III., was totally burned. The government 
 l)roperty on the boat was destroyed, but the mail was saved. 
 
 December 23, 1881. — Mail train between Peoria, 111., and Evansville, 
 Ind., was ditched and wrecked near Lincoln, 111. No mail lost. Eoute 
 Agent O. F. Ashmore was badly bruised. 
 
 December- 23, 1881. — A fire broke out in the Boston and Troy railway 
 post-office, destroying some sacks of paper mail. It was extinguished 
 before any material damage was done. 
 
 December 24, 1881. — ]\[ail sack was thrown against the station-house 
 at Pataskala, Ohio, rebounding and falling under the cars. The saek 
 was badly damaged, but the contents were saved. 
 
 December 27, 1S81. — Mail car No. 1 on the Texas and Saint Louis 
 Eailroad was burned near Wheatville, Tex. All the mail, with the 
 exception of one registered package, was saved and delivered. 
 
 December 28, 1881. — Train No. 2, with postal car, collided with helper 
 engine. No damage was done to the mail, but Eoute Agent S. N. Jack- 
 son was severely bruised in jumping from the car. 
 
 Jannary 1, 1882. — The baggage car on train No. 5, Canada Southern 
 Eailroad, was totally destroyed by fire this morning. It contained all
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 913 
 
 the letter aud paper mail for Micliij;an. The letter mail was very badly 
 damaged bj' the water, while the i)aper mail was almost totally mined. 
 What was saved was sent to the Detroit post-office and then? delivered. 
 
 January 1, 1882. — Ba<;g:a2,e ear on train No. 5, raeifu; Express, eanjrht 
 on Are betweeu Highgato and lUdgetown, and a number of bags (Mm- 
 taining mail matter were <lestroyed. 
 
 January 2, 1882. — The train of the Boston and Albany railway jiORt- 
 office, while j>assing a i)oint H mrles east of Wells, Me., broke through 
 an iron bridge, causing the nsir passenger ears to crush in the end of 
 the postal car, which almost immediately took fire. The jtostal car and 
 mail, with exception of one pouch, four registered ])ackag<'s, and b(»oks 
 for record of registered mail, and a lew letters picked up from the \V\o\\ 
 wer<i 1)urned to ashes. X. Vr. (liddings, head cl«'rk iii cliaige of the 
 postal, was bruised about tlu' fac<', and, in endeavoring to save the mail, 
 liad his hair and whiskers singed by the fire. 
 
 January 5, 1882. — Mail bag was tlirown from train at Cartorsburgh, 
 Tnd., in such a manner that it was drawn under the cars an<l cut to 
 pieces. Most of the mail was ruined. 
 
 January G, 1882. — ]\Iail car on (^)uincy and Trenton route was ditched 
 near Milan, liouto Agent John \V. I'otter was .slightly injured. All 
 the mail was saved and forwarded. 
 
 January (J, 1882. — Pouch thrown off at Stockwell, lud., was drawn 
 under the train and cut to pieces, badly danuiging the contents. 
 
 January 15, 1882. — An accident occurred to ^rain No. .")(), Virginia 
 Midland liailroad, near llockfish, Va., in which the engiiu'cr was killed 
 outright and the fireman very severely injured, lioute Agent .lanu-s 
 W. Gleeson was thrown on his face, sustaining i)ainful brui.ses. The 
 mail was all saved and transferred to another train. 
 
 January 17, 1882. — Mail car of West Lebanon, Ind., and Le K'oy, 111., 
 lino was thrown otV the track at ]Ie<lrick, lud., and overturned. The 
 letter mail was soaked Mitli oil from an overturned can, but was all col- 
 lected and forwarded to destination. 
 
 January 20, 1882. — Mail (;ar of route from Fargo to Uisnuin-k was 
 thrown from the track near Spirit wood, Dak., and i)artially tlestroyetl 
 by lire. About half a dozen letters were entirely ionsumed and nine- 
 teen so l)adly defaced that th<\v were, nnrea«lable. The balance of tho 
 iimil was unharmed and ]»roperly forwarded. 
 
 January '2\, 1882. — The railway i>ost-oflice trains on tho Charlest<»n 
 and kSavaiinah liailroad c(»llided near Adams Kun, S. C, .some 27 niilos 
 from Charlest(m, S. C. The south-bound jiostal car, Xo. 10, was in 
 charge of Head Clerk IT. A. Fox, Clerk \). H. Craft, and Acting Kouto 
 Agent (ieoi-ge E. Osborne. The northbound iK»stal. Xo. I.'J, was in 
 cluirge of Clerk W. II. Uurbridge. accompanied by Chief Ilea*! Clerk 
 ^Mansfield. The two postal cars were comi)letely demolisho<l. Head 
 Clerk Fox was instantly killed. Clerk W. 11. llurbridge fatally wounde<l 
 (since die<l), Acting Koute Ai,'cut Cecugi^ A. Osborne fatally wounded 
 (since died), Chief Head Clerk K. 10. Manstii-ld seriously injured in tin- 
 back and scalded, ami Clerk li. H. Craft (colored) .seriously wounded. 
 His left arm was broken, left knee-cap <lislocated, both feet crushed, left 
 leg broken, contusion of right side. This man has re<-overed and is now 
 oif duty, October 10, 1882. The colore<l fireman, Bradley S<'ott, wa« 
 killed. ' It is believed that all tin* mail was buvwI and proi>crIy for- 
 Avarded. . 
 
 January 20, 1SS2.— Sack of paper mail was thrown from tram X«». 1. 
 Pittsburgh. Cincinnati and Saint Louis Kailroad, at Presden. Ohio, and 
 .-)8 Ab
 
 914 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 drawn under the cars and badly damaged. About thirty papers were 
 destroyed. 
 
 January 28, 1882. — Tlio catcher pouch was thrown from the Saint Al- 
 bans and Boston railway post-office at Danbury, N. H., bounding,' bact 
 under the train. The pouch was completely destroyed, together with 
 its contents. Besides the ordinary mail, it contained a registered pack- 
 age from Chicago, 111., said to contain $24. 
 
 January 31, 1882. — Tie-sack containing paper mail for Marseilles, Ind., 
 was thrown from the Chicago and Iowa City railway post-office at the 
 depot at that place, bounding back and falling under the cars, where it 
 was badly cut. The contents were i)artially destroyed. 
 
 February 1, 1882. — The catcher i)ouch for Grafton, Mass., thrown from 
 the Boston and Albany railway post-office, was carried on to Westbor- 
 ough, having fallen under the train at Grafton. The pouch and contents 
 were very badly damaged. 
 
 February 2, 1882. — Pouch thrown from Boston and Troy railway post- 
 office atNorth Leominster, Mass., bounded under the train and was carried 
 to Fitchburgh, Mass. The paper mail was destroyed, but the letter mail 
 was saved. 
 
 February 3, 1882. — Postal car No. 75, Chicago and Cincinnati railway 
 post-office, was badly wrecked at Montmorency, Ind., on account of en- 
 gine going off the track. Mail was all saved, l3ut in a very demoralized 
 condition, a large number of letters being saturated with oil from broken 
 lamps. The mail was gathered up and turned into the Chicago post- 
 office. 
 
 February 5, 1882. — The night express on the Chicago and Iowa City 
 route ran over a tie-sack at the depot at Marseilles, Ind., ruining the 
 sack and its contents. 
 
 February!^ 1882. — The mail train upon the Tesarkana, Ark., and 
 Whitesborough,Tex., route (Transcontinental Division Texas and Pacific 
 Eailway), was wrecked near Honey Grove, Tex. The locomotive and 
 mail car went through a bridge falling some thirty feet, killing the engi- 
 neer and fireman. Substitute Route Agent J. H. Smith was buried in the 
 wreck and had to be cut out to be released. His injuries were not serious. 
 The mails were saved without material damage. 
 
 February 7, 1882. — Mail sack thrown from train liTo. 1, Albany and New 
 York railway post-office, at Yonkers, struck a snow-bank and bounded 
 back under the train. The sack and its contents were entirely destroyed. 
 
 February 7, 1882. — The catcher pouch was knocked from the crane at 
 East Orange, N. J., and was run over by the cars, partially destroying 
 the pouch and its contents. 
 
 February 10, 1882. — Pouch for Thompsonville, Conn., thrown from the 
 Boston and New York railway post-office, struck the gate at the street- 
 crossing at Thompsonville, rebounding under the cars. The pouch was 
 very badly damaged and a number of papers destroyed. The letter mail 
 was uninjured. 
 
 February 15, 1882. — "Washington and Charlotte railway post-office ran 
 into a land slide-near Orlando, Va., on the Virginia Midland Eailroad, 
 resulting in the death of the engineer and injuring the fireman and head 
 clerk, James M. T. Gleeson. No mails were lost or damaged. Mr. Glee- 
 son was incapacitated from duty for 29 days. 
 
 February 16, 1882. — Mail thrown from train No. I, Albany and New 
 York railway post-office, at Rhinecliff, N. Y., was run over by the cars 
 and badly damaged. 
 
 February 19, 1882. — Mail train leaving Charlotte for Wilmington, N. 
 C, was thrown from the track by a broken rail. The mail car was
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 915 
 
 overturned aiul considerably broken up. The mail was slightly dam- 
 aged and Eoute Agent U. T. liollins sonjewhat injured. 
 
 Febn(ary22, 1882. — l*(/uch from Chicago and Burlington railway i»ost- 
 office thrown oil" at Burlington, Iowa, was run over by switch-engine at 
 that point and a small ])ortion of tho contents damaged. 
 
 Februarij 27, 1882. — The Ciiicago and Cincinnati railway post-oflico 
 le;iving Chicago at 8 p. ni. collided with a freight train at Ilomewood, 
 111., the postal car being badly wrecked. Xo nmil was lost or damaged. 
 
 March 1, 1882. — Train Xo. 110 wa.s wrecked near Toll Gate, Va., and 
 the baggage car iu which there were some sacks of paper mail was 
 burned, together with the mail it contained. 
 
 March 4, 1882. — Pouch thrown from tho Chicago and Saint Louis rail- 
 way postofiico, night line, for the <lay line at Chicago, 111., was caught 
 by the engine of an incoming train and cut, and a portion of the con- 
 tents totally destroyed. 
 
 March G, 1882. — Tlio Chicago and Cedar llapids railwaj- post oflice, 
 night line, leaving Chicago at 9.30 p. m., when neai* the limits of the city, 
 collided with a freight train. The engine of the latter had become un- 
 manageable and was coming down the track at a rapid rate, the engi- 
 neer and liremau having jumped off to save their lives. As a result of 
 the collision the engine was driven some G feet into i)ostal car No. 13. 
 Head clerks, S. O. Prickett, night line, and Frank Sutton, day line, 
 were at work at the letter case iu this end of the car. They were driveu 
 back under a section of the paper rack. Sutton had both thighs some- 
 what sprained, right foot bruised, back of head cut, and was generally 
 bruised. Prickett was injured veiy slightly. Clerk C. L. Shaffer and 
 Assistant Clerk L. S. Manville were not injured in any way. The car at 
 once took liro and its interior Mas pretty effectually destroyed. Tho 
 registered matter was saved, together with twenty packages of letters. 
 The balance of the mail was destroyed, as was also the personal property 
 the clerks. 
 
 March 7, 1882. — The Kuoxvillc and Caryvillo agent ran oft' the track 
 and fell through a trestle, wrecking the train. All the. mail was saved, 
 Boute Agent J. W. Ault was considerably bruised. 
 
 March 17, 1882. — Pouch thrown from the Chicago and Cincinnati rail- 
 way post-office at Weisburgh, Ind., was drawn under tho train and drag- 
 ged 4 miles. The pouch and contents were entirely destroyed. 
 
 March 20, 1882. — A liro was discovered in the postal car at Keokuk, 
 Iowa (Keokuk and Saint Louis line), and before it was extinguished 
 one sack of paper mail was entirely burned and two others somewhat 
 injured. The rest of the mail was saved. 
 
 Ai)ril 17, 1882. — Tho mail car on the route between I.eavenworth 
 and Clay Centre, Kans., was ditched 5 miles west of Garrison. Boulo 
 Agent T. L. Johnson was slightly bruised. Xo mail was damaged. 
 
 jipril 18, 1882. — As tho east-bound train on tho Intlianainilis and 
 Peoria route was pulling into Ogch'U, III., t!ie brakes wt)uld not work, 
 and the train ran by the station into a freight train that was standing 
 l)artly on the main track. J. Baker and L. (Ireen, clerks on tho mail 
 car, were severely cut and bruised. The mail was saved. 
 
 May 4, 1882. — The Jacksonvilh^ and Chattahoochee railway jiost offico 
 collided with a log train near White House, Fla. The engineer and 
 fireman were instantly killed, and Bouto Agent A. C. Light bourne waa 
 bruised about tho body. Tho mail was saved and taken back to Jack- 
 sonville. ,. , 
 
 May 5, 1882. — •MaU car on tho Logansport and Warsaw line, boand 
 west, went through a bridge near Buruside, 111. Kouto Agent E. V.
 
 016 PAPERS ACCOMPANVJN(r TIIK 
 
 Cox, "wlio was on duty at the time, went down witli the car, which 
 luiidod in about JO Icct of water, and was carried tlirough one of the 
 windows i>y liu^ I'orce of the current. He returned as soon as possible, 
 and saved all of tlie mail that could be recovered. About one-fourth 
 of the mail was swept away, and the paper mail Avas so thoroughly 
 soaked that it was of no account whatever. 
 
 May 11, 1S82. — ]Mail train, south bound, on the Kansas and Texas 
 Division of the Missouri Pacific Railway, was wrecked in a collision 
 near Oswego, Kaus., by a runaway engine. The tender to engine of 
 mail train was ]>artially telescoped into the postal car, entirely demolish- 
 ing the letter cases and damaging a portion of the mail. Head Clerk 
 J. S. Weaver, IlaTinibal and Denison railway post-office, was bruised 
 considerably. Assistant Eailway Postal Clerk H. Kendall escaped 
 without injury. 
 
 31ajj 11, 1882. — i\Iail train on the jMeniphis an<l Little Pock Pailway 
 was wreciced near Carlisle, Ark., the mail cflr being ditched and turned 
 completely over. Some empty canvas sacks caught fije and were con- 
 sumed, and a small quantity of letter and paper mail was damaged by 
 the oil from broken lamps. The engineer, fireman, and two express 
 mcsseujTers connected with the train were more or less injured, but 
 Koute Agent H. C. Chase escaped with very little injury. 
 
 jllay 19, ]882. — Tlie Charleston and Jacksonville railway post-office, 
 when near Jacksonborough, S. C, struck a cow and was badly wrecked. 
 The engineei', conductor, and lireman were injured, but the clerk in 
 charge of the i)Ostal car escajied uninjured. The mail was saved, and 
 transferred to another car and forwarded to destination. 
 
 May 19, 1882. — The mail train on the Gunnison Division of the Denver 
 and Rio Grande Railway was wrecked by being derailed, the engine, 
 mail and baggage car, and all the i)assenger coaches being overturned. 
 The letter mail was considerably soiled, but not so badly as to render; 
 it unreadable. All the mail was forwarded to destination. 
 
 3Iay 20, 1882. — Train Xo. 42, Richmond, Fredericksburgh, and Poto- 
 mac Railroad, when near Richmond, Va., collided with a freight train 
 on side track, damaging the postal car, and crippling Clerk B. M. Laws, 
 and slightly injuring Head Clerk J. Q. West, and E. Thompson, a clerk 
 in Superintendent Yickery's office. The mail .sustained no damage. 
 
 May 31, 1882. — West-bound train on Texas and Pacific Railway (Tex- 
 arkaua, Ark., and El Paso, Tex., route) was wrecked near Colorado, 
 Tex., by the breaking of wheel of forward truck of locomotive when ap- 
 proaching a bridge, and the engine, mail and express cars were thrown 
 Irom the track, breaking through the liridge. falling some 25 feet.: 
 Route Agent S. A. Stuart, who was on duty at the time, was very se-'" 
 riously bruised and scalded. The mail was saved and forwarded, though 
 a part of it was in bad condition. 
 
 June 9, 1882. — JMail car Xo. 51, Calmar and Mitchell railway post-oirice, 
 bound west, was Avrecked at Canton, Dak. The route agent, Butler; 
 Lowny, was obliged to cut himself out of the car. The registered mail 
 was all saved, together with most of the ordinary mail, some of it being 
 damaged by oil and water. i 
 
 June 16, 1882. — The Clarksburgh and Weston railway post-office ran? 
 otf \hr track at Ltneberry Bend, W. Ya., about 2 miles south of Clarks- 
 burgh, aivd fell over a trestle, taking Avith it the mail car and the entire 
 train. Route A.cent Bevijamin W. Jackson saved himself by jumping 
 from tlic car. There were two persons killed outright in the accident 
 and sixteen ])ersons more or less injured. The mails were saved and 
 properly forwarded. 
 
 li
 
 IJKPOKJ" ni- JHK I'U.STMASTEK-GENEliAL. 
 
 :H7 
 
 <lnnc U>, LSSLf.— Traill >i>. .VJ, k-aNiu-- \\a.>,!iiii;,'l<Mi, J). (.'., ycsirnla\, 
 was wrecked at 7 oVloclc ihi.s luoruiii;,'^ at Fall Cierk, Va.^ aUuiit (Vv 
 miles iiurrh of J)an\ill(". in a collision v. ith a iVei-^lit train. The unifl 
 was secured and forwarded to I>anville. Mcs.srs. (.'ook, Larrabee, aiitl 
 Carr, tin; clerks on duly in the iK)Stal ear, Avere knocked ahotii ami cut 
 and bruised, but not seriously. 
 
 June I'O, 1S8L'.— The Chicago, Foreston and I)ubn«]uc railway post- 
 oflice was wrecked a short distance east of Maryland, 111., the track 
 havin^^ been \vashe»l out by a terrible rainstorm and waterspout. 
 Head Clerk Best and O. 31. Wi!;'h were on duty ar the time. Mr. IJest 
 was thrown out of the car into "i feet of water, and a i»ackaj;e of letters 
 which he had in his hand was lost. He was not injured. iu)r was Mr. 
 Welch. All of the mail was l>a<lly danui;;ed by the water, but it was 
 secured and forwarded to the (Jhicago post^jflice. 
 
 EECAPITULATION. 
 
 Numbor of casualties 83 
 
 Eiiiploy(?.s killed ;{ 
 
 Seriously injured lU 
 
 SliglUly injured t)0 
 
 Total killed and wounded :VJ 
 
 Taui.k I'. — Ilccaintulation of caauallUs in the railway tnail sniin- from 1875 to leSfii. 
 
 Year iikIihI June 30. 
 
 o 
 
 i 
 
 1 ; 
 
 I' 
 
 ■j.i\r. 
 
 ■ 
 
 1875 
 
 1877 -'.'>«•' 
 
 1878 1 •-■.COH 
 
 ]S79 • ■-', tWl) 
 
 ISSO I -'.Wr, 
 
 1881 ! .'!. 177 
 
 188-J a,r.7o 
 
 Total I UCfl 
 
 X 
 
 m , 
 
 « 
 
 u 
 
 '•2-^ 
 
 II 
 
 "5 
 
 I-S1 
 
 
 
 
 ^-"7 
 
 •sii 
 
 
 o^ 
 
 <^-fi 
 
 t-3 
 
 ui? 
 
 b >t 
 
 J> 
 
 J5s 
 
 X ^ 
 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 §? 
 
 sS 
 
 y, 
 
 y<i 
 
 y. * 
 
 27 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 36 
 
 2 
 
 ^^ 
 
 8 
 
 Sj 
 
 \i 
 
 u 
 
 13 
 
 •.•« 
 
 It 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 03 
 
 7 
 
 i& 
 
 ■»o 
 
 Kl 
 
 •i 
 
 IG 
 
 •JO 
 
 IS 
 
 84 
 
 77 
 
 Kvcuarkii. 
 
 N'ot itiportcd.
 
 SI 8 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 REPOKT OF THE THIRD ASSISTANT POSTMASTER. 
 
 GENERAL. 
 
 Post-Office Depaetment, 
 Office of the Third Assistant Postmaster-GenePvAl, 
 
 Washington, J). C, November 1, 1882. 
 
 Sir : I have the houor to submit the following report and accompany- 
 ing tables, numbered from 1 to 19, inclusive, pertaining to the business 
 of this office for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, viz : 
 
 No. 1. Explanation of estimates of appropriations for the office of the 
 Third Assistant Postmaster-General for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 1884. 
 
 No. 2. Statement exhibiting the receipts and expenditures, under ap- 
 propriate heads, by quarters, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, 
 compared with the fiscal years ended June 30, 1881, and June 30, 1880. 
 
 No. 3. Statement showing itemized appropriations for the service of 
 the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, and 
 the expenditures made out of the same. 
 
 No. 4. Statement showing receipts and disbursements at Treasury de- 
 positories during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 No. 5. Statement showing receipts and disbursements at depository 
 post-offices for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 No. G. Statement showing the issue in detail of all of the several 
 kinds of adhesive postage-stamps, stamped envelojjes, and postal cards 
 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 No. 7. Statement showing separately the issues of official postage- 
 stamps for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 No. 8. Statement showing the issues of postage-stamps, stamped 
 envelopes, newspaper wrappers, and postal cards by denominations for 
 the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 No. 9. Statement showing the increase in the number and value of 
 postage-stamps, stamped envelopes, and postal cards issued for the 
 year ended June 30, 1882, over those of the preceding year. 
 
 No. 10. Statement showing dead mail matter treated in the division 
 of dead letters during the year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 No. 11. Statement showing the disposition of mail matter opened in 
 the division of dead letters during the year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 No. 12. Statement showing number of pieces, classification, and dis- 
 position of unmailable matter received at the dead-letter office during 
 the year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 No. 13. Statement showing the number of foreign dead letters, &c., 
 received and disposed of during the year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 No. 14. Statement showing the number of pieces of dead mail matter 
 returned to and received from each of the foreign countries during the 
 fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 No. 15. Statement showing the number, classification, and disposition 
 of dead registered letters, &c., during the year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 No. 16. Statement showing the number of registered letters and i>ar- 
 cels from each State and Territory iu the United States traiismitted 
 through the mails during the year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 No. 17. Statement showing the number and value of registered letters 
 and packages forwarded for the Post-Office Department and Treasury 
 Department during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1SS2. 
 
 No. 18. Statement showing the increase of registered letters and.parcels
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 919 
 
 upou which fees were collected at twenty-fivo of tho h':uliijg cities «lur 
 ing' the lisfal year einlcd June .'{(), 188L*, ovov tlic i»ivcc(lin;r year. 
 
 No. 19. Statement .showiiifj the operations of the rc^^istry system at 
 the cities of New York, Phihidclphia, <'hica;;(), Saint Louis, and Wash 
 ingtou, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 FINANCIAL STATE:\rENT. 
 
 The receipts and expenditures of the department during the llscnl 
 year ended June 30, 1882, were a.s follows: 
 
 Receipfs: 
 
 Letter postage, paid in mouey 4i»7, .Xi '.V2 
 
 Box rents l.VM, l:tt Jil 
 
 Fiues and pcualtie.s 'Jii, 4vK5 '.»'.• 
 
 Sales of postagc-stampg, stamped envelopes, ncwspajnr wrapp<'r?», and 
 
 postal eardfl :H», 70:i, :c»7 0(» 
 
 Dead letters for which no claimants could be found 7, IVfi" •»:'. 
 
 Net revenue trom niouey-onk-r business .1«iii, TOT 'X> 
 
 Miseelhineoiis '. .! 1,4*^1 G.'> 
 
 Total 41.»<70.410 I.'. 
 
 The expenditures for the aervieo of the year wore 40, U:tit, (i:i4 ?.'• 
 
 Excess of receipts l.SW, TTri 4u 
 
 In addition to. the expenditures for the serrice of the yenr, the «nni 
 of $442,380.48 was paid on account of indcbtcilness of previous yonrs, 
 making the total amount expended during the vear >'4U,4Sl*.02I.23. Of 
 the S442,3SG.4S above, $390,314.58 was for the "service of the fiscal yeav 
 ended June 30, 1881, which, added to the anu)unt ])reviously juiid 
 ($39,251,730.40), as shown in the annual report of Die rostmastcr-Uen- 
 eral for 1881, makes the total expenditures tiius far ma<le on account 
 of that year $39,051,051.04. The outstanding liabilities for s«'rvice ot 
 the year ended June 30, 1882, have I)een placed, at a close estimate, at 
 $328,550.40, which, added to the amount already paiil (A.|o.o;!«).(;:u.7:. , 
 ■would make the total expenditures and lialtilities for tl»e year 6I0,.'.'<S. 
 185.21, an excess of $717,134.17, or 1.8 jier cent., over the amount thus 
 far paid for the service of the year ended June 30, L-^Hl. 
 
 In the single item of compensation to postnmsters, which is n-gu 
 lated bylaw, the increased exi)enditure was $005,9;53.0;J, leaving only 
 $51,200.24 as the aggregate increase in all the reinaiuing items. 
 
 In Table No. 2, which accompanies this report, will be fotmd a ilctailetl 
 statement by quarters of the receipts and expenditures for the fi.scal 
 year ended June 30, 1882, ami a comparison of the sanu* with the two 
 years immediately preceding. 
 
 The gross receipts for the year were $5,091,012.18, 4>r 13.S per cent., 
 more than those of the i)receding year. The increase from the sale of 
 postage-stami>'^, stampeil envelopes, and postal cards was * l.s(;7,»;n.«Mi. 
 or 13.'.> percent.; IVom lutx rents and branch oOicis. .•j'l.VJ.tJ.sj..; t, ,n- in. I 
 per cent.; from pro(t'(>ds of money -order business, $rM.l85.90, or 22 p«M- 
 cent.; from tines and penalties, $4,075.."».'., or 29,0 ]mm- ceTit,; from dea.l 
 letters, $1,073,23, or 10,2 per cent,: and from '-m .us" Koun-es. 
 
 $3,007,11, or 9,5 j)er cent. There was a decreast- .. - ,!M. or 3.1 per 
 
 cent., in the amount of letter post:iges i»anl in nu)ney. 
 
 In Table No, .". will be found a statement showing the approprirttions 
 by items for I he service of the last fiscal year, atid the amount s expended 
 out of the same. The total amount ai>pn»p'':'*<''l ^•'>« ^I3..vi2,097.s;. 
 covering forty-four .specific items. In thn. -i these ilcuia the fUll
 
 amuuiits aji|iroi)n:itcd Avcrcci;})euded; iu tbirty-seveu itciii.s Iberc wnvc 
 uncxpcuckHl bahiiices aggreyutiui^- -'^3,512,513.11; and in tbe icinaiijin;; 
 lour ite.uis the expenditures exceeded the appropriations in tlie total sum 
 of $9,450.03, leaving a net excess of ai)piopiiations over expenditures 
 of 83,503,063.08. The largest single unexpended balance was in "star 
 service," the appropriation for Avhich was $7,b00,000, the expenditure 
 $5,704,406.33, and the amount left unexpended $2,195,533.07. 
 
 The appropriation for mail transportation by railroads was $10,608,282, 
 of which $10,280,085 was expended, leaving an unexi)ended balance at 
 the close of the year of $322,197. The expenditure for railroad trans- 
 portation does not, however, cover the entire cost of that service, the 
 law, as construed by the officers of the Treasury (sec v. 20, Stat., p. 
 420), providing that the earnings of certain of the Pacilic railroads 
 for mail transportation shall not be treated among the expenditures of 
 the Post-Office Department. The circumstances of the case are, briefly, 
 that to aid in the construction of certain railroad lines to the Pacific 
 Ocean the United States, by various acts of Congi-ess, issued to the com- 
 panies constructing these lines large amounts of bonds, the princii^al of 
 which, with the interest, was to be reimbursed at maturity. To assist 
 in securing the payment of this indebtedness the government was 
 authorized to withhold a portion or all of the earnings of the several 
 roads for transporting the mails, &c., and to credit the companies with 
 the amounts thus withheld in the accounts between them and the Treas- 
 ury. Prior to 1879 the moneys so earned by these companies for trans- 
 porting the mails were paid out of the usual appropriations for the serv- 
 ice of the Post-Office Department by warrants in favor of the Secretary 
 of the Treasury, and were, therefore, included in the expenditures of the 
 department. Since that year, however, under the requirements of the 
 act of Congress of March 3, 1879, before referred to, the amounts have 
 been merely certified to the Register of the Treasury by the Auditoi' 
 for the Post-Office Department, and credited on the books of the Treas- 
 ury Department to the companies in their accounts with the government 
 for principal and interest of the bonds. The amounts thus certified, as 
 will appear from the Auditor's reports, have been as follows : 
 
 For fiscal vear ended June 30, 1879 $712,209 31 
 
 For fiscalVear ended Jane 30, 1860 995,004 9:: 
 
 For fiscal year ended June 30, 1881 1,100,089 »>:> 
 
 For fiscal year ended June 30, 1882 1,214,185 37 
 
 Of the $1,214,185.37 certified during the last fiscal year 836,011.32 
 was for previous years, leaving the net amount for the service of the 
 year $1,178,174.05. 
 
 Under the law referred to none of the above amounts were included 
 in the i)ostal expenditures for the years to which they severally belong. 
 The amounts cover the entire earnings of the several companies for 
 carrying the mails, together with those of their branch and leased lines. 
 
 AMOUNT DRAWN FBOM THE TREASURY. 
 
 The only sum drawn from the general Treasury during the year was 
 the following, in accordance with special a])propriation made by Con- 
 gress: 
 
 To pay schedule claims authorized by act apjiroved August 5, 1882 
 (Statutes, Public No. 205, pp. 27 and 30), for the service of the year 
 1879 and prior vears, as appears more fullv bv the report of the Auditor, 
 $6,505.12.
 
 li'El'UKT ni IHL li •> I M V'>i Li:-i.,i::M.i;A 1.. 921 
 
 CONDITIO.N uF DEllCli:>'CV APl'ROrKlATlONS. 
 
 The foil owing statuiiu'iit shows tlii* condition of ai)iiii»iiri:itions fit»m 
 the gtMioial Treasury to sni)i)ly (loticicncii's in tlic i)o.st;iI icNiMines, viz: 
 
 1. For the fiscal year ended June M), ISSL', th<* amount apitrojtriatcil 
 from the Treasury to sujtply delicieniMes in tlie r)(»stal rc\enne w;u> 
 $2,lo2,258, Mliich sum is still in the ^rcneial Treasury, subject to requi- 
 sition. As the postal revenues will iiudouljtedly jnove sutlici«'nt to 
 meet all the ohlijjatious. i);iid autl uni»aid, inenned durinjr the year, the 
 whole amount of the a])proi»riation will icmain in the Treasury, and by 
 operation of law will C4.'ase to be available alter the oOih of June, l?i84. 
 
 2. For the fiscal year ended June .'iO, 18S1, the amount appropriated 
 out of the jjeucral Treasury to sui)ply estimated deficiencies in the postul 
 revenue was $3,883,120, of which >«1,1U2,2'JU.(>.1 was lelt unexpen<led 
 at the close of that year, h8S3,42() bein.u- still in the Treasuiy undniwn, 
 and $.-)18.870.Go in the hands of the Treasurer, subject to draft. Of 
 this latter sum 83!K).314.r)8 has since been e\i»ended on a«count of the 
 service for the year ended June 30, 1881, leavinj^ a total balance of 
 $1,002,970.07 stifl available for that year. 
 
 BAD DKirrs. 
 
 As will appear by the report of the Auditor, the ]iostal revenue wa« 
 <;harged during the last year with the fidlowiiig: 
 
 1. Amount of bad debts §136,r>48 90 
 
 2. Amount of balances coiiipiomisfd 0,733 1>5» 
 
 143,282 8W 
 Loss arwoiuit of credits ou Mispoudcd uccoiiiits 2, 617 &3 
 
 Balance 1 J0,4»k> 'Xi 
 
 Of this amount $133,072.84 accrued between 1780 and 1.S50, the siis- 
 peuded accounts for that period having been reviewed and fimdly <Iose«l 
 by the Auditor during the past year. The whole amouut, h«»wever, 
 constitutes a charge against the postal revenue for tin- year ended 
 June 30, 1882. 
 
 TRANSACTIONS AT DEPOSITOUIKS. 
 
 The receii)ts ami disbursements at Treasury an<l i>ostnnice dei>osi- 
 tories during the Inst fiscal year may be brielly stated as follows: 
 
 At Treasury depositories: 
 
 B.ilaneo subjeet in draft June ".'.0. l^r-l $: 5, «'►.'■ l,90r. :is 
 
 Outstandinji wai rants .hmo :«», 1k.«^1 Cl.lCC iU» 
 
 Aggregate depoisils durin;^ the year iMuleil JuiiolU), l-v-ci 'Jl. I.'i4;,(r70 .Vi 
 
 Total -4.-«^.313^0 
 
 Amount of warrants jiaid during the y<'»r '' •''« <>.> 
 
 Balance at depositories June 30, IS^J :.. -It.. ixC. KV 
 
 Outstanding warrants June 30, 1h«2 H>, ICO «• 
 
 Balauce subject to draft Junt- 30, 18^2 ::iri.M6 :t»
 
 922 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Transactions at these depositories in detail, with amount of increase 
 or decrease as compared witli the proyious years are sliown in Table 
 No. 4, accompanying this report. 
 
 At post-o(ificc (lopositories : 
 
 Balance subject to draft June 30, 1881 ^85,178 69 
 
 Less credit balance June 30, 18H1 122 2G 
 
 685, 056 43 
 Aggregate receipts during the quarter ended September 30, 1881 2,728,551 15 
 
 Total , 3,413,607 58 
 
 Disburscmenta during the quarter $1,880,711 98 
 
 Transferred to other depositories 1 , 582, 895 60 
 
 3, 413, 007 58 
 
 On the 30th September, 1881, the post-office draft system was abol- 
 ished, and the eighty-six draft offices then existing were discontinued 
 as such. On October 1, 1881, the warrant system was extended to in- 
 clude all payments made to creditors of the department, except post- 
 masters having balances due them, and excepting also the disburse- 
 ments made under the authority of law by postmasters. 
 
 Table ISTo. 5, submitted with this report, exhibits the receipts and 
 disbursements at the different post-office depositories in detail. 
 
 COIN'TRACTS ENTERED AND ACCOUNTS KEPT. 
 
 During the year there were 3,865 contracts for mail service received 
 from the Second Assistant Postmaster- General, and 19,210 orders of 
 the Postmaster-General (of which 9,605 were double) recognizing mail 
 service not under contract, curtailing or extending service, or modifying 
 previous orders, beiug a decrease of 1,442 contracts and an increase of 
 3,936 orders as compared with the previous year. The contracts and 
 orders were entered upon the books of the division of finance for refer- 
 ence when acting upon reports from the Auditor for the- payment of 
 mail contractors and other creditors of the department. The number 
 of such reports received and acted upon during the year was 45,537, an 
 increase of 3,490 over the previous year. 
 
 Accounts were kept -with the Treasury, nine sub-treasuries, and thirty- 
 niue designated depositories, involving the sum of $20,998,144.72, against 
 which 38,851 warrants were issued. Accounts were also kept with eighty- 
 six post-office depositories, involving the sum of $3,413,607.58, of v.hich 
 $978,430.24 arose from the proceeds of the depository offices themselves 
 and $1,750,120.91 from deposits by otber offices. Against the accumu- 
 lations in the depository ottices 6,786 drafts were issued, amounting 
 to $1,433,973.85. In addition to the amount paid out by draft, the sum 
 of $396,738.13 was paid to route agents, railway post-otlice clerks, mail 
 messengers, and letter-carriers, by the postmasters authorized to make 
 such payments, the accounts for which were rendered monthly to this 
 office. 
 
 ESTIMATES FOR 1884. 
 
 The postal vpvonne for the year ending June 30, 1884, is estimated nt.. $50, 670, 456 27 
 The expenditures for the year, as shown in the estimates that have 
 been approved by the Postmaster-General, are placed at 46,741, 111 25 
 
 Leaving an estimated surplus of revenue of 3, 929, !>45 v-^ 
 
 In estimating the revenue allowance is made for an annual increase 
 of 10 i)er cent, on the revenue of the last fiscal year, making the esti- 
 mated revenue for the present year $46,064,051.16, and for the next year
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 923 
 
 $50,670,456.27, as stated above. There was an increase of revenue for 
 1880 over 1879 at tlie rate of lO.S per cent., for 1881 over 1880 of 10.4 
 per cent., and for 1882 over 1881 of 13.8 ]>cr cent. The returns from a 
 large number of the i)rincii)al ollices for the quarter ended September 
 30 of the present year indicate an increase of nearly 111 i)er cent, over 
 the corresponding quarter of last year. The full amounts of the esti- 
 mates ^re likely to be realized, unless there sliould be unexiiccted re- 
 verses in the business prosperity of the country, or changes in the ex- 
 isting classification of mail matter and the rates of i)osta.ir«'. iiijuriou.sly 
 aflecting the postal revenue. 
 
 APPROPRIATIONS, EXPENDITURES, AND E.STI:MAT1:S J <>i: i m, SKRV- 
 
 ICE OF THIS OFFICE. 
 
 The aggregate appropriations for the service of this olliee for the year 
 ended June 30, 1882, were $l,074,.'544.3r>, of which $(J01)."J.S2.o:{ was ex- 
 pended, leaving an unexpended balance of )? 104,562.32, or 15.3 percent, 
 of the total amount a]>propriated. The expenditures for the year were 
 only $22,428.04, or a little more than 2.5 per cent., over those of the 
 preceding year. This slight excess, in face of the large increase in the 
 supplies for which the expenditures were principally incurred, was owing 
 to new contracts entered into at the beginning of the last liscal year at 
 reduced rates for adhesive postage-stami)s and postal cards. The old 
 contracts superseded others at still higher rates existing up to the 3Uth 
 of June, 1877, so that the expenditures of this oflice for the year ended 
 on that date were only $04,075.20, or 7 i)er cent., less tlian those for the 
 fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, while the total number of postage-stamps, 
 stamped envelopes, postal cards, and oflicial envelopes issuetl during the 
 latter year was 701,982,00!>, or 65.2 per cent., in exces.s of the total 
 number issued for the year 1877. The estimates for the next liscal year, 
 with the explanations thereof, will be found in paper marked No. 1, at- 
 tached to this report. 
 
 DIVISION OF POSTAGE-STAMPS, STAMPJ.U ENVELOPES, AND POSTAL 
 
 CARDS. 
 
 The operations of this division during the year may be suniuiarize<l 
 as follows: The number of ordinary postage-stamps issued to i)ost- 
 masters for sale to the public during the year was 1,11 l,5«K),;;;U», value«l 
 at $28 ^»"^> '"'"■'* • "♦' iiewsnuocr jind Deriodical stamps. 2.21 t..SO.".. vabietl 
 at: 
 of^ 
 
 stami)ed ,. , , , , , _ _ 
 
 stamped envelopes bearing a printed return request. 1(M).,(H.l..o. valued 
 at $3,163,894.85; of newspai)er wrappers, 41.0S(;..-)0{», valued at $.".(Mt.- 
 208.80; of postal cards, .351,498,000, valued at $.3,516,015; and of onieml 
 
 stamped enveloiM's and \\r;tpi)ers issued to the War Department forolVi- 
 cial use, 2,()37,5(M), valued at $29,306.50; making a total number of 
 1,740,571,038, and a total value of $40,978,05.3. 12. 
 
 These issues show an increase in value ovt-r those of the ]»i-eroding 
 year as follows: Of ordinary postage stajnps. $4,(k3S,90l, or 19.2 imt 
 cent.; of newspaper and ]>erio«lieiil stami.s, $2o3,.395.70, or 1 1.5 per «'ent.: 
 of postage-duo stamps, $97,777, or 38.J per eent,; of tiflu-ial po.^ta^'e
 
 '.)2\ VAVEEfi ACCOMrANYlNG TJIi: 
 
 ;uid ^^l•apl)cl•.s ior the iiHe of tlic War Departmeut aniouutiiig to $'l,8'll>, 
 <•)■ M.l ])er cent. 
 
 The total increase in tlie \ahie «>1" all the issues wa.s $0,o52,017.51, or 
 18.,') per <;ent. 
 
 Ill addition to the foregoing articles, there were issued for ollicial use 
 0,711,500 registered jiackage envelopes, 835,750 tag envelopes for regis- 
 tered i)arc<ds, 23,724,300 ])ost office envelopes, 1,025,000 envelopes for 
 retnrning dead letters, 285,000 international nioney-order envelopes, and 
 1,305,000 departmental envelopes for the use of the several bureaus of 
 this department. 
 
 The requisitions upon which the foregoing supplies wei-e issued num- 
 bered as follows : ^ 
 
 For ordinary postage-stamps i;?p, 5;)0 
 
 For new spaper and periodical stamps 10, 840 
 
 For postage-due stamps 13, 689 
 
 For stamped envelopes, plain (54,400 
 
 For stamped envelopes bearing a return request 79, 322 
 
 For postal cards 78,431 
 
 FoV official postage-stamps and stami>ed envelopes 29 
 
 For registered-package envelopes 54,7r)4 
 
 For tag envelopes for registered packages »... 1,370 
 
 For post-oflSce envelopes 24,802 
 
 I'^or newspaper and periodical receipt-books 1, 543 
 
 Total 464,710 
 
 These supplies were maele ui) and forwarded in the following number 
 of parcels : 
 
 Of ordinary postage-stamps 139, 41^ 
 
 Of postage-due stamps 13,68.5 
 
 Of newspaper and periodical stamjis 9,825 
 
 Of stamped envelopes, plain 94, 862 
 
 Of stamped envelopes, inltited 72,362 
 
 Of postal cards 85,065 
 
 Of official postage-stamps »- 26 
 
 Of official stamped envelopes 8(5 
 
 Of registered-iiackage envelopes 56, 850 
 
 Of tag envelopes for registered packages 1, 370 
 
 Of post-offlce envelopes 31,802 
 
 Of newspaper and periodical receipt-books 1,543 
 
 Total 506,639 
 
 The following is a comi)arative statement of requisitions filled during 
 the past and i)receding fiscal years : 
 
 
 %'tg 
 
 !«£§ 
 
 
 
 S^., 
 
 ■ ^ =^- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Articles. 
 
 S*"^ 
 
 i.^>=. 
 
 
 
 ■- S«r- 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 s iz'^'i 
 
 5-5 3S 
 
 o 
 
 
 a'S C'r-i 
 
 ^.... 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 For ordinary postage-stamps 
 
 For postage-due st.amps ■. 
 
 For newspaper and periodical stamps 
 
 For stamped envelopes, plain 
 
 For stamped (pvelopes, printed ^ 
 
 For ppstiu caras 
 
 For official postage-stamps and stamped envelopes 
 
 For registered-package envelopes 
 
 For tag envelopes . 
 
 For poat-oflice envelopes ! 24,802 23.2.^n ],.M:! 
 
 For newspaper and periodical receipt-books ! 1,043 7,013 *.'>,47o 
 
 ■- 
 
 Total 464,710 430,868 133,842 
 
 135, .'30 128, 502 I 7, OM 
 
 13, C89 I 8,846 : 4,843 
 
 10,840 1 10,021 819 
 
 64,400 I 00,462 3,038 
 
 79, 322 I 69, 153 I 10. ICO 
 
 78,431 : 71,4i0 1 7.U11 
 
 2!) : 33 I «4 
 
 54, 7r,4 52,103 2,651 
 
 1,370 .'C 1,3H 
 
 •Decrease. tOr 7.8 per cent, net incroaae.
 
 nn'ORT OF THE rOSTMA^Ti:iI nKNKI.'AL. 
 
 92.5 
 
 rOSTAGE ON SECOND-CLASS MATTER. 
 
 The weight of newspaper and pei-iodical (seoond-elnss) matter mailed 
 during' tlie year from rej^iilar otiiiM'S ofjniblieation and fmm mnvs a;:eM 
 cios, not inclndinjj free circulation within Mir county of pnltjication, was 
 78.255,104 jiounds, or oO,1l'7^,',^^ tons, tlie ])osta^'e on wliicli wa> 
 $1,505,103.28, an increase of .":$ 100,054.01. or 11.15 per cent., (»ver tli«' 
 anuiuur, of ])ostas,e collected on such inatl«'r dnrin;: the pn-ccdin;: yeai. 
 
 The nuinlM'r of ])osr-ofiiccs at wjjich this class of matter was madfd 
 during the year is 5,0S(), an increase of 251), or 5.37 per cent., over tin- 
 number for the jirevious year. 
 
 The followiiif,' table shows tlu* number of poun<ls of new.spai>ers and 
 periodicals mailed during the year and the amount of postajje eolle<rted 
 thereon at sixteen of the jtrineipal po.stoHices in the L'nite<l States: 
 
 
 Tear ended Jnnc 80, 
 1881. 
 
 Tc.ir ended June 90, 
 1882. 
 
 Inoreaae tor IMS. 
 
 "5— . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ii 
 
 
 « 
 
 ■m , 
 
 « 
 
 fc. . 
 
 ^ w 
 
 w 
 
 
 "3 
 
 C'p 
 
 
 Co 
 
 o e 
 
 e 
 
 3-r 
 
 I'ost-office at— 
 
 P b 
 
 2 s :; 
 
 a-2 
 
 
 11 II 
 
 li 
 
 = t 
 
 I'll 
 
 
 o 2 
 
 c »-r 
 
 "s 3 
 
 err* 
 
 Z Z Z Z ' r - 
 
 
 
 o o 
 
 eSvS 
 
 C 
 
 S 5Ji 
 
 s 2. 
 
 a a. 
 
 t£ 
 
 ?if 
 
 
 >!i 
 
 < 
 
 'A 
 
 < 
 
 1^ 
 
 s 
 $.-»8 -•- <•( 
 
 i> 
 
 
 New Tori:, X. Y . . . 
 Cl.i.asn, ni 
 
 19, .wn, e9S 
 
 $386, 817 9C 
 
 21.279.330 
 
 $425. 586 00 
 
 I. KIP. 433 
 
 77.19 
 
 7, 003. 92r, 
 
 140, 078 50 
 
 7,701.695 
 
 1.55,233 <») 
 
 7:.T.770 i: 
 
 0.92 
 
 BoHtoii, Mass 
 
 4, 103, 075 
 
 8:1,201 50 
 
 4,819,700 
 
 96. H94 00 
 
 6.56,625 i:; 
 
 8.16 
 
 Philailflpliia. Pa... 
 
 3, 509, ao'j 
 
 70. IHt 04 4, 228. 5.39 
 
 81 570 78 
 
 719,:t37 14. .. ,, .. .. 
 
 .\ 43 
 
 Saint Louis, Mo.... 
 
 3, 223, 492 
 
 04, 409 K4 3, 472. 243 
 
 60. 444 80 
 
 248. 7.51 4, 975 ua 7. ; 
 12,024, 240 4« .4 
 
 4 44 
 
 Ciuciiniati. Ohio ... 
 
 2, 774, •-•M9 
 
 55,485 78 2,786,313 
 
 55, 726 26 
 
 3.M 
 
 Aujriista, ^lo 
 
 Run Franrisco, Cal . 
 
 ;:, •.'."! i.U'i''' 
 
 65, 027 70 2, 572, 055 
 
 51.441 10 
 
 •B79,33S -n ••' •-' 
 
 a.2s 
 
 1, i9:.o-j!t 
 
 23,940 58 1,340,873 
 
 20. 937 40 
 
 140, K44 2 
 
 L7I 
 
 Detroit, 3Iicb 
 
 1, 069. 023 
 
 21,3S.)40 1, 1.'«.707 
 
 22,674 14 
 
 04, IM 1 
 
 1. 45 
 
 Mihvanki-c. Wis .. 
 
 MK, 401 
 
 10. 9<;9 22 9»H;, 201 
 
 19, :;i'4 92 
 
 116,740 2. . .. - 
 
 1. 2:1 
 
 LouiHville, Ky 
 
 904, 042 
 
 18.080 84 956, .544 
 
 I». 131 28 
 
 .52. .52 J 1, 11. J' *i Xh 
 
 1. 22 
 
 Clevelaiifl, (Jliio. ... 
 
 878,119 
 
 17. 5C2.38 779, .541 
 
 1.5. 5!.0 82 
 
 "jx.r.ix M.nTi .vi'ii.2 
 
 .99 
 
 Pittabiit;:!). Pa 
 
 71.'.. .'■.19 
 
 14,31(1 .'(H 79:;. 918 
 
 1.5. 878 m; 
 
 '". :i!'j 1..'*: 9K lau 
 
 MM 
 
 Saint Panl, Minn .. 
 
 5.12, 6.T.' 
 
 11.052 C4 751,243 
 
 1.".. irji 80 
 
 ill", oil 3, '.•72 22( 39.9 
 
 .90 
 
 ToImIo, Oliio 
 
 701,063 
 
 14.081 20 710,472 
 
 I4.:fj;t 4i 
 
 12. 40'.» 2 1'' 1" 1.8 
 
 .92 
 
 Baltiuiort.', Md 
 
 614,091 
 
 12,281 82 674.816 
 
 i:{,490 :r2 
 
 00,725 1.214 :«, 9 
 
 .Ml 
 
 
 M, 749, 248 
 
 1, 014, 984 90 :<>, 03N 210 
 
 1 
 
 1, lOO, 704 20 
 
 4, 288, 962 85, 779 241 & 4 
 
 70.33 
 
 * I>«9cr«a«(>. 
 
 Since Jannary 1, 1875, the postage on iicwspajicrs and peritMlicals 
 mailed by publishers ami news a;:«'nts to regular subscribers or news 
 agents has ln-en jnepaid :it pound rates. 'I'he matter is wei;;hed ia 
 bulk, and the jiostai^e j):iid with speci:il adhesive st:Mii))s, ollleially iles- 
 ifjuated as iM'Wspa]ter and periodical stami>s, .\ n-ceipt is ;,Mven the 
 ])ublisheror news aj;ent for each consiv^nmcnt «>f matter, and the proper 
 arnonnt of stamps is alH-Ncd to the stub in the ie<'ei|it l»otik,on whieh 
 is also entered a mcnioi;indiiiii slio\\in;; tlu' name of the publi«'ation 
 the date of mailin;,^ the \\(i<:iit of matt4r, and the amount of post 
 age collected. The postmaster is required to render a «piarterly state- 
 ment to this office sliowin;; the total wei;.'lit of matter m;iiled :md 
 amount of postage collected from each publisher and news agent dm 
 iiig the quarter. The stam|)s an* charged to the ])ostmaster's ai-eount 
 \\hen issiKMl, and if aOixed to tin* stubs luid <'am'eled, the revenue is 
 .vecured to the governnn-Jit. To insure this postmasters an* required :if 
 the close of each ipiarter to f;end the stubs used iluring the qmirter u> 
 this oflic<', where they are e:\refully e.\amine<l ami compared with the 
 memorandum entries and with the quarterly state«nent.>«. lUscn'p-
 
 926 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 ancies are uot infrequently discovered, and postmasters are required to 
 make good all deficiencies. But undoubtedly the most important ben- 
 efit of requiring the return of the stubs is in admonishing postmasters 
 to properly apply and cancel the stamps, when, through neglect or de- 
 sign, this duty would often be omitted if the stubs were permitted to 
 remain in the postofiice. The examination of the stubs of course im- 
 poses much labor, but the expenditure is well repaid. During the last 
 year examinations were made of the stubs in 22,432 receipt-books, and 
 19,032 quarterly statements were examined and recorded. The sum of 
 $1,733.55 was collected at proper rates from publishers and news agents 
 on matter mailed but not entitled to go as second-class matter. 
 
 NEW CONTRACT FOR STAMPED ENVELOPES AT REDUCED PRICES. 
 
 During the year the preliminary steps were taken for obtaining a 
 new contract for stamped envelopes and newspaper wrappers, the old 
 contract expiring on the 30th September. Substantially the same 
 course was pursued as when the late contract was entered into, four 
 years ago. Under date of May 1, 1882, advertisements were published 
 in various newspapers in the principal cities, inviting sealed proposals 
 from envelope manufacturers, until 12 m. of the 8th day of June, for all 
 the stamped envelopes and wrappers that the department might order 
 during the contract term of four years, commencing on the 1st October. 
 Full and explicit specifications as to the requirements accompanied the 
 blank form of proposals furnished to bidders, to which were attached 
 samples of the various sizes and grades called for. The standards of 
 the several grades of paper were prescribed, the character of the ma- 
 terials entering into their composition, the weight per ream of specified 
 sizes, and other particulars connected with the manufacture of the pa- 
 per being fully set forth. Other specified requirements related to the 
 manufacture of the envelopes and wrappers, the preparation and con- 
 trol of the dies for embossing the stamps, the security of the building 
 used for manufacture, the sufficiency of stock to be kept on hand, the 
 place and manner of delivery, the mode of packing for shipments, the 
 destruction of spoiled work, the manner of inspection by the agents of 
 the department, and, in short, to all the particulars needful to secure the 
 interests of the government in connection with the contract. Bids were 
 to be made for each item separately, and it was provided that the award 
 should be made as a whole to the lowest responsible bidder in the ag- 
 gregate on the basis of the actual number of each of the several kinds 
 issued during the year ended March 31, 1882, the total issues of that 
 year having aggregated 249,308,750 envelopes and wrappers. The for- 
 feiture for failure of the successful bidder to enter into contract was 
 placed under guarantee at 850,000, and the penalty of the bond for non- 
 performance of contract at $200,000. On the day fixed for the receipt of 
 bids (June 8) five sealed proposals were submitted, and on being 
 opened and examined by the Postmaster-General and myself, in the 
 presence of the bidders and others, the names of the bidders and the 
 amounts of their respective bids, on the basis referred to, were found 
 to be as follows ; 
 
 1. The Plimpton Envelope Company, of Hartford, Conn., and the Morgan 
 
 Envelope Conipauv, of Springtield, Mass $456,197 58 
 
 2. White, Corbin & Co"., of Rockville, Conn 461,842 90 
 
 3. The Holvoke Envelope Company, of Holyoke, Mass 464,421 21 
 
 4. Geo. F. Nesbitt & Co., of New York City 470,927 62 
 
 5. WadeH. Hill, of Worcester, Mass 476,5^5 40 
 
 The closeness in amount between these several bids bears evidence to 
 the exactness with which the requirements of the contract were estab-
 
 REPORT OF TOE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 927 
 
 lished by the speciticatioii.s. The lowest biilders were the Plimpton a^jd 
 Mor;?an(.'Oiiipauies, wholuid held thecoiitract lor the two i>revi()u.stenn.sof 
 lour years each, and the new contract wsus act:ordinp:ly awarded to them. 
 The contract was dnly execnted, and its perlorniance, entered into oa 
 the 1st October, is now satisfactorily pro^rressing. The prices in the 
 iiew contract average a reduction of nearly 7 per cent, from those 
 in the old one. The law requires that stamped envelopes shall be sold 
 at the cost of procurement, as near as may be, and accordinjjiy a new 
 schedule of prices has been a<lopted for the sale of the envelopes to the 
 public at reduced rates. The present reduction follows one of about 
 I'O per cent, four years a;io under the contract then made. Under 
 the new schedule the best quality note size envelopes will be sold, ex- 
 clusive of the postage value, at §1.00 i)er 1,0(K»; of full letter size, at $2 
 per 1,000; of commercial size, at $2.20 per 1,000 ; of extra letter size, at 
 $2.10 per 1,000; of otticial size, at $;i.GO per 1,000; and of extra ollicial 
 size, at$l per 1,00(K The second quality envelopes are sold at 20 cents 
 l)er thousand less than these prices, and the third quality envelopes at 
 20 cents per thousand less than the second quality, for corresiK)uding 
 sizes. 
 
 The full letter and extra letter sized ungummed envelopes for circulars 
 are sold at §1.20 and $1.40 respectively, and the uewsi)aper wrappers 
 at $1 per 1,000, in addition to postage. 
 
 To illustrate the great reduction in the price of stamped envelopes 
 during the i)ast lew years, a letter size envelope, which in 18(10 wjus 
 sold at $1.80 per 1,000, is now furnished in an equally pood if not 
 better grade at $1.S0 i)er 1,000, An extra letter size enveloi)e, which 
 then sold at SO per 1,000, can now be furnishe<l in as good quality at 
 $2.40. The ofticial size, then sold at $S.(JO jjer 1,01K), is now oflered in 
 an equally good quality at $..5.40 per 1,000, The i)ubli(; ha^i received the 
 pecuniary benetits of these reductions, the enveloiKis being sold by the 
 department, as before stated, at the cost of i)rocuring them. Equally 
 great reductions have been attained in the cost of other supplies. A<i- 
 hesive postage-stamps, which in 1SG9 cost 27^ cents per 1,000, are now 
 obtained at 0.10 cents per 1,000, and postal t-ards, tirst intrtKluced in 
 1873, and then costing $1.30J per 1,000, are now procured at 54.43 oeuta 
 per 1,000. 
 
 POPULARITY OP RETURN REQUEST SYSTEM. 
 
 The increasing popularity of the return request system is shown in the 
 issues of stamped envelopes. The total number of stiimiXMl envelopes 
 (excluding enveloi)es for circulars ami newsi)aper wrai>|»ers) issue<l dur- 
 ing the year ende<l June 30, 1.S77, was 120,10;M.-)0, of whieh «;i,Si'l,9:»0, 
 (U-50.1 i)'ercent., were plain and Ol,;{7 1,500, or 4!».0 percent., w.-re printe<l 
 with special requests lor return towrit«'rs. The issues f«>r the ^ear en<le<l 
 .lune .iO, 1882 (excluding circular enveloi)es and wrappers), nnnd>»'red 
 188,4r)7,200,of which87,7o2,'.).'iO,or 40.5 percent., werejdain and l(K>,7(Ki,- 
 2r>0, or 53.4 per cent., were jjrinted with special requests to retjmi. In 
 other words, the increa.se in jilain stampetl envelopes from I.S77 to 18S2 
 was 35.3 per cent., while the increase in special request stanu>od envelopes 
 was 50.4 jiercent. No extra charge is ma«le to tlw publi«! f«>r jninting 
 special return requests on stamped envelop«'s. but they are not furniHlutl 
 in lots of less than 500 each. The contract ft)r stamped enveloiH'i* pn» 
 vides that the printing shall be done by the contractor without additional 
 cost to the department.
 
 1)28 PAPERS ACCO.MPAI^YINO THE 
 
 NEW FIVE-CENT STAMP. 
 
 During the year a chanft'e was made in the design of the five-cent 
 postage stamp, which is used mostly for correspondf-nce with foreign 
 countries. Thefollowing is a description ofthe new adliesive stamp: Oy 
 a tahU't is suspended an incised shield decorated with an oval of pearls 
 forming a framework to the portrait ofthe late President ofthe United 
 States, James A. Garfield, looking toward the left, engraved in line. 
 At the base of the ov-sd is a dark six-pointed star relieved by a white 
 outline,and in the center the figure "5." Disposed on the right and left 
 ofthe star tiows a ribbon containing the legend "Five cents" in white 
 Roman capitals. Below the star and ribbon, on the lower portion of the 
 tablet, appear the words "U. S. Postage," engraved in dark letters. 
 The color of the stamp is chocolate brown. The first issue of the new 
 stamps was under date of April 10, 1882. The embossed stamp on the 
 five-cent stamped envelopes has also been changed topattera, as nearly 
 as possible, alter the design of the adhesive stamp. The new stamp is 
 very mnch superior to the old one in style and workmanship, and it has 
 been received with flattering expressions of popular approval. 
 
 DIVISION OF DEAD LETTERS. 
 
 The total number of ]ueces of mail matter received at the dead let- 
 ter office during the year was 4,1G(),554, an increase of 480,349, or 13.2 
 per cent., over the number received during the previous fiscal year. 
 The number remaining undisposed of at the close of the previous year 
 was 124,731, making the total number in hand for treatment during the 
 year 4,285,285, of which 4,225,085 were finally disposed of, and 59,000 
 were left on hand at the close of the year for further treatment. The 
 following is the classification and number of pieces of matter in han<l 
 during the year : 
 
 Domestic mailed letters, inclutliiio: 3,049,952 ordiuary nnclaimed letters; 
 83.187 letters returned from hotels; 14,407 letters bearing fictitious ad- 
 dresses; 136,919 letters returned from foreign countries, atid 4,124 regis- 
 tered letters 3,28.'5,5*ri 
 
 Domestic unmailablc letters, comprising 275,240 held-for-postage letters; 
 954 letters containing unmailable articles; 274,715 misdirected letters, 
 
 and 11,711 letters without address 502, (>20 
 
 Domestic parcels of third and fourth class matter t)0,47() 
 
 Letters mailed in foreign countries - iJoG, 287 
 
 Printed matter, samples, &c., mailed in foreign. countries and returnable.. 17,313 
 
 Total, as before 4,285, 2b5 
 
 The following was the disposition primarily of the letters handled 
 during the year: 
 
 Domestic mailed letters: 
 
 Card and request letters delivered nnopened 40,676 
 
 Letters opened 3,196,813 
 
 Letters left on hand 51, 100 
 
 3, 268, .'3-3 
 
 Domestic unmailablc letters: 
 Held-for-postage letters forwarded to address unopened on re- 
 ceipt of postage . .38, 173 
 
 Held-for-postage letters opened 233, 017 
 
 Held-for-iiostage letters lelt on hand to await return of notices. 4,050 , 
 
 Letters containiug uinu ail able artit*les opened 954 
 
 Misdirected letters forwardcfl unopened after correction of ad- 
 dress 'J9, 2(iT 
 
 Misdirected letters opened 175,44'^ 
 
 Letters without address opened 11.711 
 
 5i;2, (WO 
 
 W
 
 REPORT OF THE PO.STMASTEK-GEXERAL. 929 
 
 Domestic third ami fourth clasti matter: 
 
 Parcels opened and rctnriK'tl 41 ,m 
 
 Parcels opoued and left on hand jf,' jj*;; 
 
 Foreign matter: 
 
 Letters delivered 3ol,Kr7 
 
 Letters still on hand 4 4'>0 
 
 Parcels of printed matter^ samples, Sn:., returueil unoiieii.-d 17|:UJ 
 
 :<t>. r.74 
 
 :Q\\, GtiO 
 
 MATTER OPENED IN DEAD LETTER OFFICE. 
 
 The lollowing was the dispositiou oi'mail matter opeiie<l in the dead 
 letter office : 
 
 Delivered : 
 
 Letters containiiij^ money 16 213 
 
 Letters containing drafts, checks, and other evidences of mone- 
 tary value 
 
 TiCtters containing receipts, paid notes, &c 
 
 Letters containing postagc-stanijis 
 
 I^etters containing nothing of value 
 
 Photographs 
 
 Parcels of merchandise, books, Ac 
 
 ReturntMl and auaiting evidence of delivery: 
 
 Letters containing money L.Ti'. 
 
 Letters containing drafts, checks, A.c y»i<i 
 
 Parcels of merchandise, hooks, Ac 7 
 
 IJndty treatment looking to deffvery : 
 
 Letters containing money I, ir,! 
 
 I'arcels of merchandise, books, A.c I.'i.CkJ;; 
 
 "m.iiii 
 
 -', ;t"i 
 
 17, (W 
 
 1 '. 
 
 I4i> 
 
 It. 
 
 .'.:rT 
 
 Filed, upon failure to deliver: 
 
 Letters containing money IJ, .ViO 
 
 Letters containing draffs, checks, «!Lc -"-• 
 
 Letters containing rtM'eij»ts, i>aid notes, &c 
 
 Jjotters containing postage-stamjis . - 
 
 Photographs 
 
 Parcels of merchandise, l)ooks. Arc 
 
 Destroyed : 
 Letters contaitiing nothing of value, including ■••IMKKl l.-tters for 
 
 wardeil to writers and returned upon failure t»i <UdiviT 
 
 Parcels containing magazines, jiainplilets, fruit, cakes, seo*!. Arc. 
 
 FOREKJX DEAD MAIL MATTEK. 
 
 The lollo"\viii^ .slatemoiil nIiows the <lispo.sitiou dniiijj; the year of 
 dead mail matter ori^iiiatiiijj in fon-i;;!! <(»mitries: 
 
 Returned to country of origin : 
 
 Registered letters 
 
 < >rdinary lett«'rs 
 
 I'arccls of print<'d matter, &c 1..1.'; 
 
 nHi.ir.7 
 
 Delivered to addressees: 
 
 Registered letters 4&0 
 
 Ordinarv lett^-rs ^03 
 
 :Jo,449 
 
 '.•.b94.9K 
 
 Misdirected matter forwarded to corn'cted niUln'Asc«: 
 
 • Ordinary letters i», ni»4 
 
 Parcels of printed matter, A:c Itrt 
 
 On hand under trentmeut: 
 
 Registered letters 'AKl 
 
 Ordinarv letters 4.^17 
 
 6KI 
 
 6. MO 
 
 4.4:>0 
 
 Grand total .. IfT^OOO 
 
 59 Ab
 
 030 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 MATTER RETUKNED FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 
 
 The following: number of pieces of matter originating- in the United 
 States was returned to the dead letter office from foreign countries 
 during" the year, as undeliverable : 
 
 Kegistered letters n'*2 
 
 Ordinary letters 136,91'.) 
 
 Parcela of priufced matter, &c 'J4, fjHl 
 
 162, 4eJ 
 DEAD REGISTERED MATTER. 
 
 Included in the matter under treatment during the year were the fol- 
 lowing registered letters and parcels: 
 
 Number delivered to addressees or restored to senders 11,291 
 
 Returned to postmasters for delivery and awaiting receii)ts o5 
 
 Filed upon failure to discover ownership, subject to future reclamation 4^.') 
 
 Total. 11,811 
 
 VALUABLE INCLOSURES. 
 
 Evidence of the great value of the inclosures found in many of th(i 
 letters aue parcels received and opened at the dead letter office will be 
 disclosed by an examination of Table No. 13 herewith. Among them 
 were 19,989 containing money to the amount of $44,326.65; 24,57.j 
 containing checks, drafts, money-orders, &c., representing a value ol" 
 $1,962,413.73; 90,842 containing merchandise, books, «S:c.; 52,463 con- 
 taining i^ostage-stamps ; 44,731 containing receipts, paid notes, &c. ; and 
 39,242 containing photographs. The articles of merchandise are of 
 every conceivable kind, and often of rare interest and great value. 
 
 REVENUE FROM DEAD MATTER. 
 
 The sum of $3,739.02 was received for postage on insuffieiently pre- 
 l)aid letters forwarded to destination, and upon articles of third and 
 fourth class matter returned to the senders, and $7,457.63, taken from 
 dead letters which could not be restored to the owners, was deposited 
 in the Treasury to the credit of the Post-Office Department. Statistics 
 more in detail concerning the operations of the dead letter office will be 
 found in tables numbered from 10 to 15 hereto attached. 
 
 CHANGE IN TREATMENT OF HELD-FOR-POSTAGE LETTERS. 
 
 An important change in the mode of treating "held-for-postage" let- 
 ters, and insufficiently prepaid articles of third and fourth class matter, 
 was made by a formal order of the Postmaster-General, bearing date of 
 IMay 11, 1882, to take effect on the 1st of July next ensuing. The law 
 requires that, to be entitled to admission into the mails, domestic letters 
 (of whatever weight) shall be prepaid to the extent of at least one full 
 rate of postage, and that third and fourth class matter shall be prepaid 
 in full. The statute (section 3937, Eevised Statutes) with respect to 
 ' letters is in the following words : 
 
 All domestic letters deposited in any post-office for mailing, on "whicli the postage 
 is wholly unpaid or paid less than one full rate as required by law, except letters law- 
 fully free, and duly certilied letters of soldiers, sailors, and marines in the service of 
 the United States, shall be sent by the postmaster to the dead letter office in Wash- 
 -ington. But in large cities and adjacent districts of dense population, having two or 
 
 m
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 931 
 
 more post-offices within a distance of 3 miles of each other, any letter mailed lit one 
 of Buch ot'Gces, and addressed tua locality within the delivery of another of mi. I, .>tii.i«, 
 which shall have bee<i inadvertently i)i(|)aid at the drop or local letter of | . , 
 
 may be forwarded to its destination throii;;li the jiropt-r ollire, ciiarg«-d witli ;.i 
 
 of the deficient postage, to be collected on di-livery. 
 
 The luotle of treating letters held under this law was tlescribod on 
 page 255 of the Postmaster-General's Keport for 1879, as follows: 
 
 Those that bear a name and address, or a bnKJness card, j)" . ■ ; other 
 
 designation by which the writer can be identilicd, are iniim ■ to the 
 
 owner, or his attention invited to the deliciency of posta^ti by ..,• ■' »•!« 
 
 mailing otUce. Of the balance, all "local" or "drop" let tern an' <» 
 
 postmasters to the persons addressed, upon jiaynient by them <if the 11' j. , 
 
 after duo notice of the fact and cause of detention. The remainder aic M^nt lu the 
 dead letter otlice, and are at onco examined by an expert, who, takinj,' into ronitidcra- 
 tion the places of origin and destination of eaidi letter, deternines v' ' • - No 
 returned to the writer in less time than would be required to ccdleci : m 
 
 the addressee and forwanl the letter to destination. And each leti' . _i.jd 
 
 in the way decided to be the (|uicker. Wherever a doubt exists, or where the difler- 
 ence is very small, the postage is collected and the letter forwanled, thun preserving 
 the seal intact. 
 
 The lirst-class olliccs made daily ami all other olllccs weekly returns 
 of heldfor-postage matter. Of the lL'!»,rt07 letters received at the dead 
 letter oltiee during the six months ended December 31, LSSl, ;5*J,470, or 
 25 per cent., were forwarded to addres.sees; .S(»,5l)3, or <I2 jkt cent., were 
 returned to the writers; and l.'}i)er cent., containing no clew to i<lentify 
 the writers, were destroyed. The deliveries, therefore, representetl 87 
 per cent, of the total number received. 
 
 The Tostmaster General's order of ]SIay 11, referred to, and the regu- 
 lations made in pmsuance thereof, i)rovide that belbre sending held- 
 for-postago letters to the dea<l lett<'r oWu-v the addressees shall be given 
 the oi)p<)rtunity of securing such letters direct from the mailing oftice 
 upon furnishing the amount of stamps retjuired to stipjily the delicient 
 jtostage, in compliance with notice given by the postmaster. L'lmn 
 failure of the addressees to resixtnd within proper time the letters are 
 to be sent to the dead letter ollice, as re<iuired by law. The order in- 
 cludes insutlicieiitly i)rei)aid third and fourth class matter within it« 
 ]»rovi«ions, but it does not, of course, apply to letters or other matter 
 which bear the card or address of the sender, such matter being returned 
 immediately to the party mailing it. TIm>, order was restricted in it.s 
 operations to a number of the larger olliccs — those at which the free dc 
 livery systent is employed— as it could not rea.sonably be expected that 
 at the great mass of the snudler olllees the work woidd be done with 
 that degree of intelligence and pnunptness necessary to .secure offlcienl 
 results. It was thought best to draw the line, for the present at least, 
 at the free delivery olliccs, it having been asitertained that fully 15 i)er 
 cent, of all the herd-ibr-postage letters re<'eived at the dead letter ofllce 
 iVom that class (»f olliccs bori- two cent stamps, thus exhibiting a great 
 popular inisai)pn'hension of the tlifVerence, between the rates of jH)sl«ge 
 on l«)cal lettiMs :ind llio.se addics.sed to other post ollices. 
 
 The merits of the new plan ate obvious. It would seem (»nly just that 
 (he addres.see, with the iiltimafe liability of being called uptui for the 
 delicient postage, shoidd in the lirst instanc<i be given the opportunity 
 of jtaving it, and of thus securing po.^scssion at the earliest possible 
 moment of the matter detained. And it adiiuts of no (juestiiMi that, in 
 thegreatmajority of cases, matter can be delivere«l more speedily when 
 sent direct from the mailing olliccs than when forwarded i niiuon 
 
 center (say the dead letter ollicei io which it must llr>t 1 ■ . -'d for 
 
 distribution.
 
 932 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Tlio change was received with great favor, which has been fully jus- 
 tified by its results. Iletiirns have been received from 97 of the free- 
 delivery ofQces for the quarter ended September 30, showing that out 
 of a total of 77,954 pieces of held for-postage matter (letters and i)arcels) 
 accruing at these offices, 59,711 pieces were forwarded to addressees 
 upon receipt of the deficient postage; 11,767 were sent to the dead-let- 
 ter office ux)ou failure of the addressees to respond ; and 0,476 received 
 near thQ close of the quarter were still on hand awaiting the return of 
 notices. Excluding these latter leaves the number of pieces finally 
 treated by the mailing offices during the quarter at 71,478, of which 
 those forwarded to the addressees represented about 84 per cent., and 
 those sent to the dead-letter office about 16 per cent. 
 
 The large proportion of direct deliveries from the mailing offices has 
 exceeded the most sanguine expectations, and it fully sustains the theory 
 upon which the new treatment was founded, that the addressees would 
 willingly pay the deficient postage rather than have the^matter go to 
 the dead-letter office, the notices sent to them presenting that alterna- 
 tive. Ko serious obstacles have been encountered in carrying the new 
 order into practical effect, and in view of its present success it might 
 be advantageously extended to a still larger number of the principal 
 offices. 
 
 DIVISION OF REGISTRATION. 
 
 The total number of letters and parcels forwarded by registered mail 
 during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, was 9,627,922, as follows : 
 
 Domestic letters 7,200,118 
 
 Domestic parcels of third and fourth class matter 799,479 
 
 Lett«rs to foreign countries 393,107 
 
 Parcels of thiid and fourth class matter to foreign countries 22,275 
 
 Official letters and packages forwarded by the government. andbyla>s' ex- 
 empt from the payment of registry fees 1,212,943 
 
 Total 9,267,922 
 
 The amount of registry fees collected was $841,497.90, an increase over 
 the luevious year of $128,615.70, or 18.04 per cent. The increase in the 
 total number of letters and parcels registered was 1,289,004, or 15.46 
 per cent. Subdividing this total, the increase in the number of letters, 
 domestic and foreign, for the j)ublic was 1,121,375, or 17.33 per cent. ; 
 of parcels of third and fourth class matter, domestic and foreign, for 
 the public 164,782, or 25.08 per cent.; and of letters and parcels for the 
 government, only 2,847, or about one-fifth of one per cent. The increase 
 of registry business for the public was thus a little over 18 per cent. 
 Statistics more in detail will be found in tables numbered from 16 to 19 
 accompanying this report. 
 
 LOSSES. 
 
 During the year 7,082 registered letters and parcels were reported to 
 the cliief inspector as having been lost or tampered with. Of these 
 4,076 were found to have been delivered, or satisfactorily accounted for, 
 and 2,513 are still undergoing investigation, leaving the actual losses as 
 far as ascertained at 493 cases. The losses were due to a variety of 
 causes, such as fire, burglary, highway robbery, theft, &:c. If the cases 
 still under investigation should result in the same proportion of loss as 
 those that have been closed, the total losses for the year will number 
 726, or one out of every 13,262 pieces mailed. This is an unusually 
 small proportion of loss, and it is to be taken in evidence of the increased 
 efficiency of the registry service. Fuller details respecting the subject
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 933 
 
 of losses will be found in the report of the chief i>ost-oflice in8i)ector. 
 Great credit is due to the insi)ector.s for the enerjry, fidelity, judgement, 
 and care with which they have treated the cases rei)ort«'cl to them for 
 investigation. 
 
 THROUGH-POUCH SYSTEM. 
 
 The system of exchanj;ing refrist^red matter in bulk between the 
 larger ottiees by means of locked pouches was extended to 19 oflices and 
 discontinued at IT), leaving it in operati(m at ll'J oflices at the close of the 
 year. Tlie new tell-tale or rotary lock, referred to in my report of \as.\ 
 year, was put into use early in tlie ])reseiit ealeinlar year, and it is 
 proving a valuable instrument to the t^irough-i)ouch system, eft'wtiug 
 a great saving of clerical htbor in dispensing with the necessity of exam- 
 ining and recording the eontents of througli jMjuehes when lying over 
 in transit at intermediate through-i)ouch otiices. The system continues 
 to operate, satisfactorily wherev»'r it is emph)yed; inde«'d, in view of 
 the great volume which the business has now attained it ha.s become 
 almost indispensable to the nuichinery of the registry system. 
 
 BRASS LOCK REGISTRY EXCHANGE SYSTEM. 
 
 The brass lock registry exchange system, establislied some three 
 years since for exchanges on the important lines of star service, is still 
 in successful operation. It was emi)loyed at 1 KJ olliees at the close of 
 the year. It has ])roven a most \ aiuable auxiliary to the thrctngh-iM)ueh 
 system on the railroads, to which it in general corresponds. Its es- 
 sential features were explained in my ix'ports of the la.st two years. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED THROUGH-POUCH EXCHANGE. 
 
 For a long period the department experienced much embarrassment 
 from the defective system of exchanges of the registered mails with the 
 eastern portion of the Dominicni of Canada. ()v«'r a porti(»n of the route 
 of transmission, such mails were not in tlu' special cust<Mly of a postal 
 employe of either country, as is coutemplaied l»y the tinnlam«-ntal i«lea 
 of our registry system. From Montreal, ('ana<la, to Saint Albans. \t., 
 the registered pouches, fastened with a h'ad seal, wen' sent in a L'nite^l 
 States Treasury bonded car. From Saint Allians to Saint ArmanWs. 
 Canada, in the other direction, they were i)la<ed in the compartment of 
 a car and locke<l with an iron lock. (Ireat delays w«Me also sulb-n'd in 
 making connections, and, with the insecnrity attending the s\st«'m. 
 formed the subject of fre<|uent complaints. An entire ret;istered mail 
 was lost on the Canada side of the border, in the m<»nth of October. 
 1880, and not a trace of it could subs«M|nently be iliscoveretl. C«)riv 
 spoudemjc failed to secure better arrangements, ami the evil Un-ame so 
 urgent as to call imperatively for a remedy. Witii this end in view a 
 conference was held at .Montreal in SeptendMT, 1>S1, betw«»en represent 
 atives of the Canadian Postal Department and Assistant Railway .Mail 
 Superinten«lent Moses, detailed to this ollicc tor duty in connection with 
 the registry system, and ntyself, at which the details of u plan of inter 
 national registiy exchanges were arranged, and subsequently formall.N 
 ratitied by the i)ostmasters general of the two countries, to take efltn-t 
 January i, 18Si,'. In agreeing to tin- new international < 
 tem. the Canadian authorities so far varied fn»m their dc 
 as to nuike it conform in general to the mctluMls employcti \n !ii« i. . 
 try service of this country. Among the print ii»al features of the ; >
 
 934 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 plan is the personal custody of pouclies by sworn employes of tbe two 
 countries; a complete diiiiu of receipts and records from employe to 
 erai)loy6 between terminal i)oints; tlie use of tbe tell-tale or rotary lock, 
 and of tbe manifold tbronj^b-poncli bill witb coupon attacbment; and 
 tbe gatbering and distribution of registered mail to and from tbrougb- 
 l)Oucb centers, according to our domestic through-pouch system. Each 
 country furnishes its own pouches, locks, and other equipments. The 
 lock used by tbe Canadian authorities is on tbe same principle as that 
 adopted in this country anil already referred to in another portion of 
 this report. Locks of both countries are embossed with the name of the 
 country of ownership. 
 
 In addition to the security, a great saving of time has been effected 
 by tbe new arrangement. For instance, the former time for registered 
 exchanges from New York to Montreal was 58 hours and 25 minutes, 
 and now it is 24 hours and 50 minutes, a reduction in time of 33 hours 
 and 35 minutes. From Montreal to JS'ew York the former time of 30 
 hours has been reduced to 25 hours and 22 minutes, a saving of 10 hours 
 and 38 minutes. 
 
 The eastern portion of the United States has been districted by i)ub- 
 lished schemes defining tbe respective limits of territory within which 
 registered mails should be sent to and received from Canada through 
 the international registry exchange offices of Xew York, Boston, Saint 
 Albans, and Buffalo, with exceptions for Ogdensburgh, N. Y., and Island 
 Pond, Vt. Similar schemes have also been arranged by the Canadian 
 authorities for collecting and distributing the through registry mails 
 in their country. 
 
 On the basis of a count for one quarter, the estimated number of 
 registered pieces exchanged during the year 1881 between Boston and 
 Montreal was 12,000; between Xew York and Montreal, 1G,000; between 
 Island Pond, Yt., and points in Canada, 15,000. A large increase on 
 these figures has already resulted from the better system of exchanges, 
 and from tbe addition of new territory to each of the through-pouch 
 centers. Correspondence is now in progress looking to the extension of 
 the eastern system of exchanges to tbe western portion of the country. 
 This accomplished, the system of registry exchanges between the two 
 countries will be comi)lete. 
 
 GENERAL. 
 
 Attention was directed in my report of last year to the almost com- 
 I)lete remodeling of the registry system during the previous four years. 
 A summary was given of the principal changes that had been made, 
 through which the machinery was simplified, tbe work greatly lessened, 
 and the security encbanced. An extraordinary increase of business was 
 pointed out to show the poiiular appreciation of the efforts made to im- 
 prove tbe service. Special mention was made by tbe Postmaster-Gen- 
 eral in his report of the great growth and satisfactory condition of the 
 service, and they were favorably commented upon by the President in 
 his regular annual message to Congress. 
 
 The registry system was established by act of Congress of March 
 3, 1855. After being four years in operation, the receipts from this 
 source dwindled from $31,406.50 tbe first year, ended elune 30, 1856, to 
 $25,038.70 for tbe year ended June 30, 1800. In his report for the last- 
 mentioned year the Postmaster-General, in a most elaborate article, rec- 
 ommended that the system be discontiniied, a recommendation that, in 
 view of the present great utility and prosperity of tbe system, was 
 happily not carried out. For the year .ended June 30, 1877, ithe amount
 
 REPORT OP THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 935 
 
 of registry fees collected ^vas $'j07,1j8.8U. The amount collected from 
 this source during the hist liscal year was 8S4],4!>7.1i(), an increase over 
 the amount for the year 1877 of ii*i74,0.j9.10, or a httle more than 12*J per 
 cent. Tlie receij)ts from registration have thus much more than doubled 
 within the i)ast live years, while the general receipts of the jiostul ser- 
 vice have been more than thirteen years iii attaining a similar rate of 
 increase. Tlie recent extraordinary growth of the registry service is 
 especially gratifying, both because of the long period that the system 
 has been in operation, and because the work is done at a handsome 
 profit. Xot only do the registry fees more than compensate for the 
 labor imposed by registration, but an additional profit is in the postage 
 on valuable letters that would never be entruste<l to the mails excej)t 
 for the security afforded by the registry system. For example, a single 
 registered ])arcel mailc<l in IMiiladelphia in September bore, besides a 
 ten-cent stamp for the registry fee, $127.00 in stamps to prepay postage 
 at letter rates. 
 
 Evidence of the great values entrusted to the registered mails ■will 
 be found in Table No. 17 attached to this report, from which it will a])- 
 pear that during the last year the Treasury alone forwarded 81,.335 reg- 
 istered ]>arcels containing Qnited States bonds, currency, couj)ons, coin, 
 internal revenue stamps, &c., reinesenting a value of $.">14, 778,2-37.57. 
 Of this immense sum not a penny was lost, so far as is now known. 
 
 Dn'ISION OF FILES, RECORDS, AND MAILS. 
 
 The number of letters and other inclosures received, opened, and ex- 
 amined «luring the year Avas 1,102,500. Among these were 1,0<J2 that 
 contained money, and 4,340 that contained stami)S, envelopes, and pos- 
 tal cards returned for redem]>tion. Of the letters received .30,483 were 
 brief<'d and recorded, and fih'd after final action had been taken on 
 them. The number of letters written in the oflice, copied, enveloi»ed, 
 and mailed was 12,40"). 
 
 Very i"esi)ectfullv, vour obedient servant, 
 
 A. D. lIAZIiX, 
 Third Assistant rostmaster-Ocneral. 
 Hon. T. O. UowE, 
 
 Postmaster-General. 
 
 No. 1. — ExplanaMon of estimates of appropriations for the oflice of the Third 
 l'oHtmantpr-G eneral for the Jiscal i/tar tndiinj June 'M, Ifs^. 
 
 Aitiitant 
 
 I. — ADUKSIVE POSTAGE PTAMl'S. 
 
 For iiiaimfactnre of onlinarj poutaKe stampn, of offleiftl stamps, of news- 
 paper and porio(lii-al ntaiups, and of postage-diio stumps 9130,000 00 
 
 Tim number of lliese stamps i.tsiicd during the fiHcal year ended Jnno 
 
 ::i», IHSJ, w.aH l.i:i0,470,O'v'i 
 
 Add I'i ]H!r cout. lor incro:iso 1^'j, 0.'>(i, 410 
 
 Gives estimated issue for fiscal year ending Jauo 30, 1&?3 l,'J<>fi, l'.J«5,4".W 
 
 Add I'i per cent, for increa.so, as beforo l.'il, '.»;{.'►, ITl' 
 
 Gives estimated number required for fiscal year ending .Juno 30, 18t)4.. 1,418,CC1,C77 
 
 Cost of manufacturing that number at prcjicut contract price, {'.19 
 rents per tlionsaud ■- ' -<'» 
 
 The incrensc in the nnmbor of adhesive stamps of all kinds issued durii 
 year ended on tliti lluth of June la«t was a little over 17 per cent.; bnt tin 
 crease was an abnormal one, duo in part to au uunsual prosperity in the t
 
 936 PAPERS ACCOMPANyiNa THE 
 
 tercstHOl' tho country, jind in pari; to a 8i)ecial cause wliicli was explained in tlie report 
 of last year (pp. ;i54 and 361 Kcport of Postmaster General for Ibbl). Under ordinary 
 eonditioua it would hardly be reasonable to expect an annual increase of more than 
 12 per cent., and accordingly tho issues of tho last year have been auj^mented at that 
 rate to arrive at the probable number required for the ensuing liscal year. The pres- 
 ent contract does not expire until the 30th of June, 1885, and this estimate has conse- 
 quently been governed by existing prices. The estimate has, however, been placed 
 in even figures at $130,000. Tho appropriation for the curreiit year is $109,000; bat 
 from present indications this amount will hardly be sufficient to'rneet the demands of 
 the yeai-. 
 
 II.— POSTAGE STAMP AGENCY. 
 
 For pay of agent and assistants to distribute stamps, and for expenses of 
 the agency $8,100 00 
 
 This estimate agrees in amount with, the appropriation for the present year. 
 
 111. — STAMPED ENVELOPES, NEWSPAPER WRAPPERS, AND LETTER SHEETS. 
 
 For manufacture of stamped envelopes, newspaper wrappers, and letter 
 sheets $632,000 00 
 
 The cost of the stamped envelopes and wrappers issued during the fiscal 
 year ended June 30, 1882, at the prices in the contract which took 
 effect October 1, 1882, would amount to 477,960 08 
 
 Add 15 per cent, for increase 71,694 01 
 
 Gives estimated cost at same prices for fiscal year ending June 30, 1883..- 549, 654 09 
 Add 15 per eent. for increase, as before 82,448 11 
 
 Gives estimated cost for fiscal year ending June 30, 1884 632, 102 20 
 
 The appropriation for the current year is 547,000 00 
 
 ' The actual cost of stamped envelopes and wrappers issued during the last fiscal year 
 was $510,399.45; but a new contract was entered into for four years from the 1st of 
 October, 1882, at an average reduction of nearly seven per cent, in previous prices, and 
 the calculations in this estimate have accordingly been made upon the basis of the 
 new prices. The increase in the number of envelopes and wrappers issued during 
 the last fiscal year over that of the previous year was nearly 13 per cent., but as the 
 reduced prices are likely to largely augment the demand, allowance has been made for 
 an annual increase of 15 per cent, in the issues. By law the cost of procuring stamped 
 envelopes is added to the postage value in fixing the schedule of prices to the public, 
 and the expenditure under this head is consequently refunded to the government when 
 the envelopes are sold. Authority was granted by the sundry civil appropriation act 
 passed at the late session of Congress, to use the appropriation for stamped envelopes 
 for the current year for the ijurchase of stamped letter sheets (combined letter sheet 
 and enveli>pe) not previously furnished. No arrangements have as yet been made for 
 procuring these article*, but they may be introduced before the close of the year, and 
 in view of that event it is deemed advisable to include them in the estimate for 
 stamped envelopes for the coming year. 
 
 IV.— STAMPED ENVELOPE AGENCY, 
 
 For pay of agent and assistants to distribute stamped envelopes and news- 
 paper wrappers, and for expenses of agency $16, 000 Oo 
 
 This estimate agrees in amount with the appropriation for the jiresent fiscal year. 
 
 v.— POSTAL CARDS. 
 
 For manufacture of 2)ostal cards $253,000 00 
 
 The total number of postal cards issued during the fiscal year ended 
 
 June 30, 1882, was 351,498,000 
 
 Add 15 per cent, for increase 52,724,700 
 
 Gives estimated number for year ending June 30, 1688 404,222,700 
 
 Add 15 per cenii for increase 60,633,405 
 
 Gives estimate(3 number for year ending June 30, 1884 464, 856, 105
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 937 
 
 Tlie cost of nianufactuiiiij^ these ai-ticles, at the present contract price of 
 r>4.4:i cents per thousand, is fa53,0"21 17 
 
 The appropriation for the jiresent fiscal yeai* is "M-i, WO W 
 
 The issue of postal cards has fluctnatiHl widely durius^tlio past few yeai-s. For lfC9 
 the ratio of increase was ]0.5.'> i)er c^-nt. ; f<»r l-v-^). vW.i^U por cent. ; for l?^!, 13.20 \nr 
 cent., and for Ititi'i, UJ.IKJ pf-r com. It will probal)ly 1)«' Kiitllc.ient to allow for an an- 
 nual increase of ir> pci- cent., as has been done in the forej^oinj^ estiuiato. The pres- 
 ent contract is fur four years ending ou the :{Oth June, Itfef), 
 
 VI.— POSTAT CARD AGENCY. 
 
 For pay of agent and assistants to distribute postal cards, and for exi>eii8e8 
 of the agency i*7. 300 00 
 
 This estimate agrees with the present appropriation. 
 
 VII. — REGISTERED PACKAGE, POST-OFKICi:, XSD DEAD t£TTER ENVELOPES. 
 
 For registered package, post-ollice, and dead letter envelopes |14O,O00 
 
 The re^isterexl package envelopes are large inanila envelopes used for inclosing 
 registered Icttere and oiher registered matter, for safer transuiission ; the post-ollico 
 envelopes are for the use of postmasters in their otiicial correspondence ; and the dead- 
 letter envcilojies are used for retumitig lettere from tlie Dead-Lett-er Ortice to tho 
 ^Tiiters. The contract for these envelopes is awarded for one year only, beginning 
 on the 1st of July of each year, and present prices, therefore, afford no ahtwilut*.^ 
 criterion in making estimates for future ajjiiroprialious. The prices for the year 
 ended on tho 30th of Jijue last were unusually low, so that the issues for the year cost 
 only ^'2,474..')3. At tho jiriees in the contract for the i)ro8ent year the sjime issues 
 would have cost §!y8,173.83. The total number of these various kinds of envelopes 
 issned during the fiscal year ended on the 30th of Juue last was 3o,5dl,r>r>0, an increase 
 of G,7b3,100, or 23.5 per cent., over the i-v<;nes of the previous year. At the same rate 
 of increase for the present and next fiscal years the issues for the year ending June 
 30, 1884, would number 54,26i<.8«i0, and would cost, on tlu^ basis of existiug contract 
 prices, !Jil49,737.17. Allowing for an increase of 20 per cent, in the is.sues, the cost at 
 present prices w ould amount to -SMI, 1570.31. The major |>orti(m of the uppropriatitm in 
 expended for envelopes for registry business, and for several years past this service 
 has be»'u increasing very nearly at the rate of 20 ]>er cent, per annum. It is projKT 
 to sjiy that the contract for these envelopes, like that for stamin-d envfjoiies, has Ix-en 
 awarded to the lowest l»idder, after public advertisement, and uix>n suiniJles furnished 
 by the department. Tho estimate is placed in even figures at igl40,000. The appro- 
 priation for tho current year is ?110,OW. 
 
 VJII. — SlUr, STKAMllUAT, AND WAV LKlTEItS. 
 
 l^or ship, steamboat, and way letters $1,500 
 
 By law (scitions ■.'.'.•13, 3l»7i]. 31i77, 3978. IJevised Statut«'s) this appropriation is neces- 
 sary for the ))aymeiit to nnislers or owners of vessels not regnhirly engaged in traiut- 
 I>orting the mails i'm- letters brought and delivere<l to post-olliees on arrival in port 
 for transmission fo destinalion. The parties rf«ceiving the lett4<rs aixi n.-<ininHl to nay, 
 in addition t<> the regular postage, tho amounts ])aid to said masters or owuers. whieh 
 amounts ai-e eonse<|ueiitlv refunib-d ti> tln^ <lepnitment. The e\j)«>ndittin? for the last 
 fiscal year was si. 441. 3>^,' lor L--1 it was ^.KKi.ltC., and for 1k«iO it was ;tfl,:kVi.:.l. The 
 apprupriation for the cuiTcnt \i :ir is ,vl..'u(i. .nul ili<' .mini.ite for tin- next fiscal year 
 i<s placed at tho same figures. 
 
 IX. — ENCRAVINO, riMMIMi, AM> I'.IM'IM. DKVli- \M' w vUKANTS. 
 
 For engraving, juinting, anil binding drafts and warrants f2,000 
 
 This apjiropriation is for the )uirchHHe <>f warrants and drafts used for paymc-utii to 
 creditors, transfers of fuiuls to and from poNlmnsiers, an<l eoileetions of balanre^ due 
 tlie (iejiartment. The warrants and drafts an- prejiared and furnished by the Hufpau 
 of Engraving and Printing of the Tn-anury Depariment. The c<xpenditun« on this 
 account during tho last liscal year was $l,(;44.:v.'., and in view of the uianifestly In- 
 creasing needs the estimate for ilie ensuing year is pl.ieinl at $2,000. 
 
 \. — MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 For mi.scellaueous items Sl.WXl 
 
 This estimate is for tlie same au\ount as the appropriation forthecurtvutlUcal year.
 
 938 PAPERS ACCOMi»ANYING THE 
 
 EEPOKT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OP THE POSTAL 
 MONEY-ORDER SYSTEM. 
 
 Post-Office DEPART]>1ENT, 
 Office of Superintendent of Money-Order System, 
 
 Washi7ifjton, I). C, October 25, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of tlie operations 
 of the postal money-order system of the United States ibr the fiscal year 
 ended June 30, 1882. Durinj^ that year the public employed the money- 
 order system, which affords absolute security for remittances by mail, 
 to a greater extent than in any like period since its incei)tion. This in- 
 crease, W'hich is more than half again as large as the increase shown by 
 the operations' of the year 1880-1881, appears the more worthy of com- 
 ment in view of the fact that for some months one of the express com- 
 panies has maintained a money-order system of its own, Avhich is made 
 available to the public, by arrangement, throttgh the offices and agencies 
 of several other comi^anies. 
 
 NUMBER OF DOMESTIC MONEY-ORDER OFFICES. 
 
 There were established during the fiscal year 340 domestic money- 
 order ofQces, and 12 offices were discontinued. Since June 30, 1882, 
 449 additional post-offices have been authorized to commence moneys 
 order business, and one office has been discontinued; so that there are 
 in operation at the date of this report 5,939 domestic money-order 
 offices. 
 
 ISSUES AND PAYMENTS OF DOIMESTIC IMONEY'- ORDERS. 
 
 The number of domestic money orders issued during tlie year wa-s 
 
 8,419,869, of the aggregate value of .*113.400,118 21 
 
 And the number of such orders paid during same 
 period was 8,401,()G8, amounting to $112, COG, 295 84 
 
 In addition to which, orders of the value of 783, 006 06 
 
 Were repaid to the remitters thereof, making the total amount of pay- 
 ments and repayments 113,393,301 90 
 
 And the excess of issues overpayments only §11,816 31 
 
 The gross amount of the fees received by postmasters from the public 
 for the issue of domestic money orders was $1, 053, 710 55 
 
 This statement exhibits an increase over the transactions of the pre- 
 vious year of $8,324,348.80, or 7.92 per cent., in the amount of orders 
 issued; an increase of 88,463,448.29, or 8.07 per cent, in the amount of 
 orders paid and repaid; and a gain of 886,977.80, or nearly 9 per cent., 
 in the amount of fees received from the public. 
 
 The average amount of the orders issued was $13.47, or 24 cents 
 smaller than during the fiscal year 1880-1881, and the average fee was 
 12.51 cents, being -^ of a cent less than the, average fee of the preced- 
 ing year. 
 
 It is proper to remark upon the very small excess of the orders issued 
 over the orders paid during the.year, and to state, in that connection, 
 that the department has recently issued instructions to postmasters 
 concerning a system which it has devised for effecting payment of the 
 amounts of unclaimed money orders. At the close of every month post- 
 masters are now required to notify the payee of every money order, 
 which, as shown by the corresponding advice on file, was unpaid at the 
 end of the previous month, to present his order for payment, or, if it 
 has been lost, to cause his correspondent, the remitter, to apply for a 
 duplicate.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 989 
 
 In order to assure propor ])ayineiit Urn oUke of the Paymastfi-Geu- 
 eral of the Ariny has for a uuuiber of years avaih-d itself of the money- 
 order system in i)ayiu;; chiims against the United States for tho 
 services of colored sohliers of the hite war. The amount of ordei-s 
 issued for this purpose during- the last year, and transmitted, as a pre- 
 cautionary measure, through the oQice of the superiutendent of the 
 money-order system to the i)ayin{,' postmasters, was $16,400.72, as 
 agaiust $14,512.45 for the previous iiscal year. 
 
 DUPLICATE MONEY ORDERS. 
 
 Annexed to this report will be found a classified statement, Table B, 
 of the duplicate orders issued during tho year by the office of the super- 
 intendent of the money-order system, tho number of such dnplicates 
 being 21,5)34, or 3,543 more than during the i)receding year. Dujjlicate 
 orders are issued without charge to the public, under authority of law, 
 whenever the original order has from any cause been lost or destroyed, 
 or has been invalidated by the operation of law, either by not being 
 presented for i)aymeut within one year from the date of issue or by re- 
 ceiving moie than one indorsement. They are also granted to remitters 
 when, in pursuan<'e of section 4ti41, lievised Statutes of the United 
 States, the Postmaster-General has i)ro]iibite<l payment of the original 
 orders <lrawn in favor of fraudulent lottery comjianies, or of i)ersous 
 engaged in conducting schemes or devices for obtaining money through 
 the mails by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or 
 j>romises. 
 
 DRAFTS AND TRANSFERS. 
 
 By regulation it is made the special duty of a postmaster to provide 
 as far as i)ossible against delay in the i)ayment of money orders. But 
 the current of business at many offices is such that the am(tunt of 
 money-orders i)resented for payment is c*iitinuously or occasionally in 
 excess of the gross amount of funds received from the issued onlers; so 
 that postmasters at such oflices are authorized and instructed to trans- 
 fer, when occasion requires, a sufficient amount to i)ay orders froni the 
 ]>ostago to the money-order fund. The total amount of siu'h transfers 
 during the last lis(;al year was >'1)05,7()7.81, while f(U" the same ])eriod the 
 sum of $287,6U1).S1 was retransfcrred to the i)ostage from the money order 
 account. The balance in favor of the postage account, $<I1 8,007.80, 
 has been refunded by a deposit in tho Treasury for the ])Ostal service, 
 made September 20, 1882. 
 
 When the jmstage funds are not available or are insnllicient for money- 
 order ])nrposes, if east of the llocky Mountains, i»ost masters are given 
 a credit with the i)ostmaster at New York, upon which tln'y may «lraw; 
 if upon the l'acili(; slop*-, funds are supplied by the ]>ostmast<'r at San 
 Francisco, Cal., or by the ])ostmaster at r«)rtland, On'g. In the last 
 lis<^al year tlu^ total amount of drafts drawn again>;t credits at New 
 York was ><I0,82;{,2()0.'.m;, while tlie San Francisco office furnished the 
 sum of $241,050 to neighboring post-offices, and the Portland office the 
 sum of $14,120. 
 
 KKMITTANCE.S OP SURPLUS MONEVT-tlllDKU FUNDS. 
 
 The total amount of the remittances of surplus funds — that is, funds 
 which were not at once nee<led at the remitting otUces for the paymeut 
 of orders — was, for the fiscal year, $1U5,0S4, 110.04. 
 
 LOST REMITTANCES. 
 
 From Table (', annexed to this rei)ort, it apjiears that 119 cases of 
 allegetl loss of reujittances of surplus money-order funds were the sub-
 
 940 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 ject of investigatiou during- the year. Fifty-two of tliese cases, aggre- 
 gating $G,049, occurred in the previous year, in which miniber are in- 
 cluded tl)e 4.'i cases, amounting to ii55,940, which remained unsettled at 
 the end of that year, and the remaining 9 cases, involving $701, were 
 not brought to the notice of the department until after June 30, 1881. 
 Nine cases, in value $1,105, allowed during the year to the credit of the 
 postmasters by whom the remittances were made, form the item of ex- 
 pense, "lost remittances," in the table hereinafter given showing the 
 revenues and expenses of the domestic money-order system. The sum 
 of $2,829, the gross amount involved in 19.65 cases, was recovered by 
 post-office inspectors during the year; the department declined to allow 
 credit in 5 cases, aggregating $134; and in 6 cases it was subsequently 
 ascertained that no loss had been incurred. There remained 79.35 cases, 
 amounting to $9,040.45, unsettled at the close of the year. 
 
 ERKONEOUS PAYMENTS OF MONEY ORDERS. 
 
 The claims presented during the year for reimbursement because of 
 the alleged erroneous payment of money orders numbered 48, their 
 ratio to the total number of orders paid being as 1 to 175034. 
 
 The whole number of cases under investigation during the year was 
 95, aggregating $2,579.27, in which are included 35 cases, amounting to 
 $962.19, which were unsettled at the close of the last year, while 12 
 other payments occurred during that year, but were not brought to 
 the attention of the Post-Omce Department until after June 30, 1881; 
 $573.74, the total amount of 27 cases, were recovered by inspectors of 
 the department and i)aid over to the true payees of the respective 
 orders. In 12 cases, the orders amounting together to $316.70, the 
 postmasters who made payment were adjudged at fault and held re- 
 sponsible for their lack of precaution ; tlie owners of the orders, who 
 were alone to blame in 2 cases, of the value of $35, were required to 
 stand the loss; in 2 cases the loss of $60 was assumed by the Post- 
 Ofifice Department, the postmaster at the office of payment having been 
 found blameless; and in 8 cases the sums involved were found to have 
 been correctly paid in the first instance ; 44 claims, of the total amount 
 of $1,315.48, were unsettled on June 30, 1882. 
 
 REVENUES AND EXPENSES. 
 
 The following is the Auditor's report of the receijits and expenses of 
 the domestic money-order system for the last fiscal year : 
 
 Receipts: 
 
 Fees on orders issued - lilil, 053,710 u5 
 
 Premjums, &c 828 07 
 
 5-1, 054, 538 6-2 
 Expenditures: 
 
 Commissions and clerk birc §652,399 00 
 
 Lost remittances 1, 105 00 
 
 Bad debts :«, 083 .52 
 
 Incidental expenses 87,609 87 
 
 ; 774,197 45 
 
 Excess of receipts over expenditures, being gross vovenno s280, 341 17 
 
 In the item "commissions and clerk hire" is included the sum of 
 $175,548.84, being the amount allowed for clerical labor in the money- 
 order service at certain of the larger post-offices out of the excess of 
 commissions accruing from the issue and payment of money orders, 
 which tlie postmasters are debarred by law from receiving. The limit 
 fixed by law for the total comi>ensation of a postmaster from all sources 
 being $4,000 (except in the case of the postmaster at New York), the
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 941 
 
 commissions over 84,000 arc, bv autliority of tlio Postmaster-General, 
 given to such otiices as earn an (jxcess, in the Ibrm of an allowance for 
 clerk hire on money-order account. 
 
 Among the "incidental expenses" may be mentioned the sum ot 
 $53,344.49 i)aid directly from money-order funds to the Public Priut<.*r 
 for books, blanks, print in^i, and stationery I'urnished liy him to the 
 money-order ottice for use by postmasters and the department in the 
 transaction of money-order business, of which amount fi57,L'0,S.12 was 
 paid for Avork and material ordered during the fiscal year 1.S80-'81. 
 
 "BAD DEBTS.'' 
 
 Only a very small portion of the amount enibra<ed under the head of 
 "bad debts" in the foregoing statement rt-jiresents losses occasioned by 
 the failure of late postmasters to ])ay balances due by them to the 
 United States. The larger part, >«.').■ i.0( id. lo. was the loss incurn'd by 
 reason of the failure of the banking house of Henry Clews & Co., of 
 jS'ew York, and the conscMjuent non payment and jtrotest of certain bills 
 of exchange jmrchiised by the department from that tirm in August 
 and September, 1873, for the ])urp(jse of ])aying balances <lne by tlic 
 United States to Ibreign countries on money-order account. The total 
 amount of the claim of the depai'tment against this tirm was >'4.S,<i80.S0, 
 on account <»i" which 83,Gl'0.70 was eollected in 187S and 1879, after 
 strenuous efforts of coimsel, from the assets of the bankrupt tirm in 
 J'^nglaudj an<l after ]>rotractcd elforts to secure, by suit at law, the re- 
 mainder of the sum due, the department having bectune satisfied that 
 little could be accomplished iti that way because (»f the inaile»|uacy of 
 the assets, the claim was finally comjiromised by authorRy of tlu^ Post- 
 master-GeJieral and the ^Vuditor, under se(;tion 409 of the llevisetl 
 Statutes of the United States, by the payment, July 7, 1881, to thi* Post- 
 Oflice Dei'artment, on the part of Henry Clews c^c (^o., of the sum of 
 $12,000 cash, in fidl settlement theicof. The gross loss on ac<-ouut of 
 the insolvencv of this banking house was tlu'refore, as alntve stated, 
 
 $33,or»o.jo. 
 
 Notwithstanding tlie al)o\('-nieiiiioiie(l loss, which is properly char^- 
 able to the year in which the transactions occuired, the gioss revenue 
 from the domestic nuineyorder business exceeded the revenue from the 
 business of the previous ycai' by .i<L'8.0l'<;. ."».!. or over 11 ))er cent. 
 
 Attached to this rei)ort is a tabular statenu-nt. A, of the operatiou.s 
 of the domestii' money-order system for each year since its establishment. 
 
 INTEKNATIOXAL MnNKV-olfDEIl msiNKSS — ADDITION A I- CONVENTIONS. 
 
 Since the close of the liscal year enih'd .lunc .">0. 18S1, conventions for 
 the exchange of money orders ha\e been «'oncbMled between the Unit«Ml 
 States, on tlu' one hand, and Jamaica, New South Wales, N'lctoria, and 
 New Zealand, resjiectivel.\, on the other, so that mouey-onbT business 
 is now transacted with ten difVerenl foreign countries, to wit, the four 
 just mcnticmcd and Canada, (Jrcat Pritain and Irehnul, Cermany, Switz 
 erland, Italy, and I'lauce. On Janmiry I. 18Sl', a new convention with 
 Switzerlaiui Avent into ellect which simplitled the ex«*hange with thai 
 country and admitted of a reduction ot the fees «'hargcd foi- the issue 
 of Swiss orders in the Cnited States. 
 
 There were in operation on .lunt- 30, issj, 1. !'_'."» international money- 
 (»rder oflices aufhori/.ed to transact money order business with wu-h of 
 the foreign countries with which the I'niled States maintains an exchanpt* 
 of money-orders, rniformily of system having, in gn'at measure, ln-en 
 secured, the same set of forms is emi)loyed by [)ostma.stor8 for orders of 
 all tlicse nationalities.
 
 942 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Negotiations are now being conducted looking to an interchange of 
 raoney-orders between tbe United States and Tasmania, Japan, Sweden, 
 Norway, and Belgium, while money-order business with Portugal, under 
 a convention duly signed and approved Julj"^ 15, 1882, will be commenced 
 on January 1, 1883. Annexed to this report will bo found a copy of the 
 new money-order convention with Switzerland and copies of the con- 
 ventions with Jamaica, New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand, and 
 Portugal, respectively. 
 
 STATISTICS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MONEY-ORDER BUSINESS. 
 
 The subjoined statement exhibits in tabulated form the number and 
 amount of orders of each of the several international varieties issued, 
 the number and amount of orders paid, the amount of fees received, 
 and the gain iu amount, with the percentage of gain, in issues, pay- 
 ments, and fees. The enormous increase therein shown in the volume 
 of the international money-order business is the best evidence of the 
 public's appreciation of the facilities which the several international 
 systems afford. 
 
 
 2 
 £ 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 3 
 /5 
 
 •13 
 « 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 "S 
 
 o 
 Q 
 
 'a 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 "S 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 S 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 t 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 a 
 g 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 10, 080 
 
 182, 293 
 
 lie, 370 
 
 48, 220 
 
 14, 233 
 
 6,015 
 
 45 
 
 69 
 
 47 
 
 62 
 
 $205, 820 06 
 
 2, 740, 362 09 
 
 2, 057, 705 42 
 
 1, 018, 641 62 
 
 408, 221 60 
 
 99, 738 10 
 
 917 23 
 
 2, 345 75 
 
 1, 200 83 
 
 1,561 78 
 
 $859 25 
 
 5, 479 96 
 
 10, 421 15 
 
 4, 296 73 
 
 715 98 
 
 745 10 
 
 4,020 
 
 24, 940 
 
 34. 974 
 
 49,537 
 
 738 
 
 2,728 
 
 297 
 
 93 
 
 129 
 
 427 
 
 $113, 292 05 
 
 
 407, 766 93 
 
 
 1, 047, 940 77 
 
 
 785, 326 01 
 
 
 19,616 87 
 
 
 57,352 79 
 
 
 8,284 i;; 
 
 New South "Wales 
 
 
 2, 077 05 
 
 
 
 2, 603 72 
 
 
 
 9, 202 47 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 377, 413 
 
 6, 536, 514 48 
 
 22, 518 17 
 
 117, 883 
 
 2, 453, 462 79 
 
 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 £ 
 
 >> ■ 
 
 
 95 
 
 
 " 1 
 
 <^ . 
 
 a . 
 
 o 
 
 P<^ 
 
 «£3 
 
 .2 
 
 
 fe-- 
 
 "^^ 
 
 Coo 
 
 c» 
 
 .Si 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 ao 
 
 .Si 
 
 C 1 
 
 OS 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ri"^ 
 
 MS 
 
 p-SS 
 
 SSOD 
 
 
 «"i 
 
 
 
 
 
 w^ 
 
 a Li 
 
 fc(o 
 
 
 
 a (- 
 
 t.- »~* 
 
 CS'^ 
 
 Oi >-l 
 
 bcS 
 
 «"Sg 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 o o 
 
 
 o^ 
 
 o2 
 
 
 
 c2 
 
 
 ■S5 
 
 s a 
 
 ^.> 
 
 a ® 
 
 
 3 
 
 B n 
 
 
 ^ 5 
 
 o « 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 o S 
 
 O CO 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 S'" 
 
 s~> 
 
 a 
 
 S£ 
 
 9 
 
 
 < 
 
 < 
 
 ^ 
 
 <i 
 
 Ph 
 
 -< 
 
 f^ 
 
 
 $4, 591 50 $60, 070 12 
 78, 526 30 ,738, 372 44 
 36, 785 70 '661, 979 59 
 17,244 55 ilPO KK4 70 
 
 41.21 
 
 $3, 920 74 
 
 3.58 
 
 $484 60 
 
 11.79 
 
 British 
 
 36.88 
 47.43 
 23. 06 
 70. 32 
 
 47, 030 22 
 
 222, 919 70 
 
 174, 162 32 
 
 6, 068 72 
 
 13.04 
 27. 02 
 28.50 
 44.79 
 
 20, 301 20 
 11,881 10 
 3,185 90 
 1, 081 70 
 
 34.86 
 
 
 47.70 
 
 
 22.66 
 
 Italian 
 
 6, 579 60 
 
 168, 547 65 
 
 24. 05 
 
 
 1, 815 45 
 16 65 
 
 26, 708 01 
 
 ! Eschan? 
 r 1, 1882. 
 
 36.57 
 
 18,972 57 
 
 49.43 
 
 482 15 
 
 36.16 
 
 Jamaica 
 
 
 
 36 75 
 
 
 ot go into 
 
 peratic 
 
 n nntil Ja 
 
 nnary 
 
 
 19 95 
 
 27 80 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 145, 644 25 
 
 

 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 943 
 
 REVENUE FROM INTERNATIONAL MONEY-ORDER BUSINESS. 
 
 Tlie Auditor is not abl*- to lurnisJi at this date a Ktateineut of the 
 levt'imcs wliioli actTued I'roin international money-order biisinesis during 
 the last tiscal year, because much time must yet be oecujiied in a«ljust- 
 iug the accounts for the hist quiuter of that year. In his report will 
 be found, however, detailed statements of the revenues from interna- 
 tional money-order exchanges for the liscal year 1S8(M81, beinp from 
 the Swiss business, 8i;,44l'.;3:{; from the JJritish, 841,(;(;(>.7(>: from the 
 German, $18,5)08.10; from the Canadian, 87,770.31; from the Italian, 
 $8,4(jy.25; and from the French, !J1,1G3.40; a t-otal of $80,1L'G.18. 
 
 GENERAL FINANCIAL RESULTS. ' 
 
 The total issues of domestic and international money-orders were, in 
 numl)er, 8,71)7,312, of the vahie of *1 H>,()3<j,({3L>.<iO, and the payments 
 were, in number, 8,510,riol, anjounting, with the repaynu-ntw, to 
 $ 115,8(14, 282.8G. The fees received from the public aecrreirated 
 $l,19D,3ri4.80. 
 
 In compliance witli the terms of section 40r)0 lievised Statutes, the 
 sum of 6300,707.35, the jrross revenue, as reported by the AiuUtor, from 
 both domestic and international money-order business, was deposited 
 in the Treasury for the service of the rost-'Jltice Department on October 
 10, 1882. But to arrive at the net prolit of the moncy-onler l)usiness 
 (the domestic for 1881-82 and the international for 18S0-'.si) there 
 should be deducted from this sum the amount of such expenses for the 
 money-order service as were paid out of api)ropriatious made bj' Cou- 
 i,aess, to wit: 
 
 Salaries to 38 eniploy«^s in the superintendcnt'H ofilco $51,200 00 
 
 Salaries to 115 eniployds in the money-order division of the Auditor's 
 
 office *. l'S^,(¥Vl 86 
 
 Stationery furnished for uhc in the snperinteudent's office 453 57 
 
 Booku, bluulvs, printing, and Htutionery furnished for use in tlio moaey- 
 
 ordcr division of the Auditors office 5,215 67 
 
 Total 195,7:17 10 
 
 Icavinj; the sum of $105,030.25 in excess of all ascertainable expendi- 
 tures for that service from any fund. 
 
 I have the homu', in conclusion, to renew the recommrndations ma<le 
 in my letter of November 7, 1881, to the rostmaster-Cieneral with 
 reference to certain 
 
 MODIFICATIONS- OF THE POSTAL MONEY-ORDER SYSTEM, 
 
 to wit, a change in the scale of fees charged for the issue of domestic 
 money-orders, including a reduction of the fee for orders unib'r $10 fn)m 
 10 cents to 8 cents, and the increa.se of the maximum limit of a single 
 order from 850 to 8100, with an incn-ase of 5 cents in the fee for each 810 
 over 850 up to 8>»0, from which amount to 810(> a fee of 45 cents is pro- 
 l)Osed, and to the issue concurrently with nmiu-y -orders, under au- 
 thority of law to be enacted by ('ongrcss, of money onlers of a new form, 
 to be Called postal notes, for a fee of 3 cents, to br payable at a 
 designated money-order ollici^ to the l>eai-er, and to Im' drawn only for 
 sums less than ^r). 
 
 The increase, with correspondingly augmente<l fees, «»f the limit of 
 an. order from $50 to $100, by which a single owler will be made to
 
 944 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 take the place now occupied by two, with a reduction by that meaiv? 
 of one-half the labor of issue for all sums from $50 to $100, is designed 
 to offset any loss which would result to the system from the reduction 
 of the fees for orders of small amounts. As stated in the letter ol" 
 November 7, above referred to, which is published upon pages 403-410 
 of the last Annual Report, the average cost of each money-order issued 
 during the five years ended June .50, 1880, was 12.6 cents, and the aver- 
 age revenue from each order 12.7 cents, leaving a margin of one mill 
 as a profit upon each order. But inasmuch as nearly one-half of all 
 the orders issued are for sums under 85, any reduction of the fee on 
 such ordera without a corresponding reduction of labor and increase 
 of fees for the large amounts would necessarily result in a loss. 
 
 THE "POSTAL NOTE/' 
 
 a model of which was printed upon page 405 of the Annual Eeport 
 of last year, is intended to take the place of fractional currency in so 
 far as that currency was used by the public for remittances of small 
 sums by mail. The process of issue would be such that the amount, 
 the figures representing which are to be punched from three rows of 
 figures for dollars, dimes, and cents, respectively, cannot be altered, 
 and it is proposed to have the nptes, which are to be of a convenient 
 size for inclosure in the ordinary letter-size envelopes, engraved upon 
 thin bank-note paper, and x)rovided with effective checks against coun- 
 terfeiting. 
 
 This scheme, I may add, met with the full approbation of the Com- 
 mittee on the Post-Office and Post-Eoads, and was unanimously recom- 
 mended by them at the last session of Congress. A bill (H. R. 5661) 
 embodying its several provisions passed the House of Eepresentatives 
 at that session, but failed to pass the Senate, which it reached near the 
 time for adjournment, the attention of that body having been occupied 
 with other pressing business in the last days of the session. I deem it 
 of great importance that legislation authorizing the issue of the postal 
 note to supply an urgent public want and the suggested changes in 
 the scale of faes for domestic money orders be again requested at an 
 early day. 
 
 I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 C. r. MACDONALU, 
 Superintendent of Money- Order System. 
 
 Hon. T. O. Howe, 
 
 Fostmaster- General.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GEXERAL. 945 
 
 KEPOKT OF Tlfl-: SI'PERINTENDENT OF FOKKIGX MAIFS. 
 
 Post-Office Dki-autment, 
 Office of Fokeign Mails, 
 Wasliiiifftony IK C, October L'5, 1882. 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the i)riueipal 
 operations of the foreign mail service for the iiscal vear en<h"l June o(K 
 1882. 
 
 "tt^IGnT OF ilAILS. 
 
 The total weij;ht of mails (lispfitclied during the year to countries ami 
 colonies of the Universal J'ostal L'niun (the Dominion of Canada ex- 
 cepted) was 999,5.54,720 grams, or 2.20.J,S7<i pounds; an increased weight 
 over the preceding fiscal year of 4.52,35.'} i)onnds. The weight of thr 
 letter mails was 187,028,578 grams, or 414,.'>55 pounds, and of jirinte<l 
 matjter and samples of merchandise 811,G2<>,15L grams, or 1,7X0.521 
 pounds; an increased weight as compared with the preceding fiscal year 
 of 73,367 pounds of letters and 378,080 pounds of printed mattcr'and 
 samples. 
 
 Of the letter mails di.sjtatched, 170,044 ])Ounds (42.03 per cent.) were 
 sent to Great Ihitaiu an<l Ireland; 101,501 pounds (21,52 prr cent.) to 
 Germany; 00,804 pounds (24.11 per cent.) to other countries of JOuropc. 
 and 30,220 pounds (8.74 per cent.) to Postal Union countries and told 
 uies other than European. 
 
 Of the printed matter and samples dispatched, 800,014 pounds (44.70 
 per cent.) were sent to Great Britain and Ireland ; 332,35S pounds (1S.57 
 per cent.) to Germajiy; 345,201 pounds (10.30 i)er cent.) to other coun 
 tries of Europe, and 310,058 pounds (17.37 per cent.) to other Postal 
 Union countries and colonies. 
 
 Compared with the weights of mails dispatched during the preceding 
 year, the increase of letter mails v>as 21.52 per cent., and of printed mat- 
 ter and sani])le mails 20.87 per cent. 
 
 A comparison of the weights of the nuiils dispatched to foreign conn 
 tries during th(^ fiscal year 1882 with thos<' of the fisc^il year 18so 
 shows the increase of correspondence to have ]»eeti as follows: 
 
 I'lMinil.t. 
 Weight of letti r mails : 
 
 In 18«2 \\i.-X\-. 
 
 In 1«80 UT-M-l 
 
 All iucrwase in two vcarK of 112, 171 
 
 or o2i per ceul. 
 ^\■ciJ^lIt of (iiLiitcil iii;itl<T and .sainplf niaiLs: 
 
 In iKx-i l.7-;i.,v.'i 
 
 In iseo 1,1>1.1-M 
 
 An increase in two yiMH of (Ui^, lul 
 
 or .'■>li ptT com. 
 
 A statemenl of the \\ei;:li(s ol' the mails dispatidied to each Postal 
 Union country and colony i-^ rt'p(»rled by the Auditor «•!' the Treasury for 
 the Post-<^)nice I>epaitmeul. 
 
 ruv: M'.MnKR (if mmi r.cs iixcn vnuf.i» 
 
 with coujilries andeolonifs no( embraced in the Universal l'«istul Union, 
 exclusive of Canada, was Kis.s.'iL', of which number 05,H5«.> were sent to, 
 
 00 Ab
 
 946 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING? THE 
 
 and 73,663 received from such countries; a decrease, compared with the 
 previous fiscal year, of 338,996 letters sent, and 147,388 letters received 
 from nou-Union countries. 
 
 COST OP THE FOREIGN MAIL SERVICE. 
 
 The sums rci)ortcd for payment on account of sea-transportation of 
 the mails disi)atched to and received from forei^pi countries during 
 the fiscal year 1882, including 13,077 francs and 31 centimes ($2,619.73), 
 credited to France in the quarterly accounts with the French postal 
 administration for the conveyance of United States mails by French 
 contract packets from New York to Havre, amounted to 8280,163.98; an 
 increase over the cost of the same services for 1881 of $11,014,77. Of 
 this amount $233,485.34 was reported for the trans-Atlantic service ; 
 $16,537.38 for the trans-Pacific service, and $30,141.26 for services Xa) 
 and from the Isthmus of Panama, Central America, and the South 
 Pacific; to Mexico, Cuba, and Porto Eico; to and irom other West 
 India Islands ; to Brazil, the Argentine Kepublic, Paraguay and Uru- 
 guay; to Venezuela and Ciiragoa, and to Canada and Newfoundland. 
 Particulars of these several services are appended in statement marked 
 A. 
 
 A comparison of the cost of foreign mail transportation for the fiscal 
 year 1882 with the cost of the same service in 1880 shows the increase 
 to have been as follows : 
 
 Cost of the service in 1882 $280,163 98 
 
 Cost of the service in 1880 198,667 46 
 
 An increase in t'wo years of 81,496 52 
 
 or over 41 per cent. 
 
 The expenses (chargeable to the foreign mail service) of maintaining 
 the United States postal agencies at Shanghai (China), and at Aspin- 
 wall and Panama (United States of Colombia), for office rent, clerk hire, 
 porterage of mails, and other miscellaneous items, amounted to $2,695.55. 
 These expenses have been materially reduced by a curtailment of the 
 business of the agencies at Aspinwall and Panama, consequent upon 
 the entrance into the Union, from July 1, 1881, of the United States 
 of Colombia, the postal business of said agencies being now restricted 
 to the receipt, custody, transfer, distribution (when necessary), and for- 
 warding of mails in transit from and to the United States via the 
 Isthmus of Panama. 
 
 The payments made by this department in previous years, on account 
 of the Atlantic sea conveyance of the Australian closed mails from 
 New York to Great Britain, were discontinued from July 1, 1881, the 
 British post-office having agreed to pay directly to the conveying steam- 
 ship lines the sums becoming due for the conveyance of such mails. 
 Under this arrangement the appropriation made by Congress for ocean 
 transportation of mails during the year 1882 was relieved from the 
 payment of 70,360 francs 31 centimes=$13,579.44. 
 
 The aggregate amount of the quarterly balances pair! to this de- 
 partment on settlement of postage accounts with other Postal Union 
 administrations was $104,201.20, and the aggregate amount of the 
 quarterly balances paid by this department to other Postal Union ad- 
 ministrations was $43,605.22. 
 
 The sums credited to this department by Postal Union administra- 
 tions on account of the United States territorial and sea-transit of for-
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 947 
 
 eign mailB, amounted to 657,728 francs 12 centimes=.S 120,911.53, and 
 the sums credited by this department to Union administrations on ac- 
 count of the forei;,^n territorial and sea transit of United States mails, 
 amounted to 423,392 francs 52 centimes=$.Sl,714.7(j. 
 
 The amounts «.'Stiniated as nece.ssary for appro] »riatiou for foreign 
 mail service for the liscal year 1883-1884, are as follows : 
 
 For trausportatiou of raaila |;i50,000 
 
 For balauces duo Ibreijiu countries, including the United States' portion of tho 
 cxpeust'H of the International ijiirean of the Postal Union, and the hiiI>- 
 scriptiou of tho dejiartment for 2o copies of tho monthly journal of tho 
 Union— " L'Union Pustule" 60,000 
 
 Total $410,000 
 
 ADMISSIONS TO THE UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION. 
 
 The additions to the Universal Postal Union during the year have 
 been as follows: 
 
 The Iiei)ublic of Nicaragua, admitted from ^fay 1, 1882. 
 
 The Kepublic of Costa llica, admitted from January 1, 1883. 
 
 The Postal Union now embraces all countries and colonies of the 
 civilized world known to have organized postal establishments, except 
 Bolivia in South America, antl the British Australasian colonies. For 
 full list of Postal Union countries and colonies, with dates of admission, 
 see statement marked B, appended. 
 
 MODIFICATIONS OF POSTAL UNION ARRANGEMENTS AND DETAILS. 
 
 The following changes in the Regulations of Detail and Order under 
 the Convention of Paris, have been adopted by votes of the Postal 
 Union administrations, viz : 
 
 Paragraph 10 of Article XXXII has been amended so as to read : 
 The post-otlices which the Japanese administration has estiiblished at 
 Shanghai (China), at FnsamjJO and Genzanshin (Corea). 
 
 Paragraph 4 of Article Yl has been modified as follows, to take effect 
 January 1, 1883 : 
 
 Registered articles must hear u lahe! or impression of a stamp Bhowin-, n. a dis- 
 tinct manner, the capital letter R in Roman text, it heinjj left o])tionnl with each 
 office to a«ld to the letter R tho Bpecial mark f indication of oftico of origin or coun- 
 try of origin, number of order, &c. ) which it eliall deem proper. 
 
 Consequent upon tho ndojjtion of this modificatioji, and because of 
 the uniform charac'ter of the stamp or label indicating registnition 
 thereby i)rovided for use by all the ixtstal administrations of the Union, 
 Article XXIX of the Kegulations has been also modiMe«l, to take efl'eet 
 on tlw same date, by su|>pressiiig the srcond subpnrac:raph of paragraph 
 
 2, and numbering the tliinl, Iburth, atid lifth subi)an»graphs thereof 2, 
 
 3, and 4, resiiectively. 
 
 Article XIV of the Regulations has been mo<lifled to read as follows: 
 
 1. Articles of corrcspoudonce a<ldrossod under initials are not admitted to registrar 
 tiou. 
 
 2. No special rondition of fonn or of fnateninfi in required for repintered Hr(!cle«i. 
 Each oflico has the rijjht to apjily to this eorresponilence tho re^ulatiomi efdablikhcd 
 in its interior nervier. 
 
 Special arranjiements have been concluded with Belgium and Switzer- 
 land, respectively, extending the limits of weifjht and dimensions, pre- 
 scribed by Article V of tho Convention of Paris for j)acket8 of eamplea 
 of merchandise so as to admit such packeta to circulation in the maiU
 
 948 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 exchanged with each of those countries, respectively, when not exceed- 
 ing the weight of 350 grams (12 ounces) and the dimensions of 30 centi- 
 meters (12 inches) in length, 20 centimeters (8 inches) in width, and 30 
 centimeters (4 inches) in depth. Copies of these special arrangements 
 are appended. 
 
 With respect to the arrangement with Belgium it has been mutually 
 agreed that it shall be so interpreted as to authorize its termination at 
 any time on a notice by either government of one year. 
 
 Negotiations are pending between this department and the postal 
 administration of Japan for an arrangement granting the reciprocal 
 conveyance between the two countries, free of postage, of official cor- 
 respondence in closed mails between each government and its legations 
 and consulates near the other. 
 
 Detailed infonnation on the following subjects relating to Postal 
 Union exchanges will be found in statements hereto appended, marked 
 C, D, E, and F, respectively : 
 
 1. Table of equivalents according to which postage rates are levied 
 in those countries of the Universal Postal Union which have not the 
 franc for a monetary unit, and the fees charged for registration and for 
 return receipts. 
 
 2. A recapitulation of the regulations which determine, in the diU'er- 
 ent countries of the Union, the length of time for retaining in the offices 
 of destination unclaimed correspondence addressed ^'■poste restante.^' 
 
 3. A recapitulation of the regulations within the Union respecting 
 applications for the return of letters to the senders before their deliver}- 
 to the addressees. 
 
 4. A statement of the surtaxes charged in certain Postal Union 
 countries on correspondence addressed to the United States. 
 
 MODLFICATIOIsS OF POSTAL REGULATIONS AND DETAILS RESPECTING 
 MAIL EXCHANGES WITH THE DOMINION OF CANADA, AND WITH 
 COUNTRIES AND COLONIES NOT ElIBRACED IN THE UNIVERSAL 
 POSTAL UNION. 
 
 The second article of the postal arrangement between the United 
 States and Canada of -^~y^' 1881, has been replaced by a modified article 
 designed to more effectually prevent the mailing in Canada of United 
 States publications to addressees in this country with the object of 
 evading the postage rates or regulations applicable to such matter in 
 the United States. A copy of this article is appended. 
 
 The reduced sea-transit rates of 9 cents per ounce for letter mails and 
 4 cents per pound for printed-matter mails, accepted by this depart- 
 ment from January 1, 1881, for the closed mails from the colonies of 
 Xew South Wales, Ncav Zealand, Victoria, and Queensland, respectively, 
 for Mexico, the Central American States, and Panama, when trans- 
 ported entirely by sea ti'om San Francisco, have been applied also to 
 the closed mails for said colonies forwarded in the opposite direction 
 from the British packet agency at Panama to San Francisco. 
 
 For the purpose of securing proper examination and treatment by 
 United States customs officers, before transmission to the addressees, of 
 books received by mail from Canada, an arrangement has been made 
 with the Canada office to forward all book packets of Canadian origin 
 separately from other mail matter, in sacks addressed to certain desig 
 jiated United States exchange post-offices on or near the frontier line 
 of Canada.
 
 i:i:r<)iM' of thk rosTMASTEU-GKNiiKAi.. 
 
 94f) 
 
 FORl:IG^ MAIL STATISTICS. 
 
 J.'sU.iuilc iij' the amount of mail muHcr ixdtanfftd durin/j thcjiaval year ended June 30, 165"-*. 
 hasctl upon the vaunt of nutjh matter vjceliiuifjed during aecin eUii/a in October, 1861, and 
 :<cien dai/s in April, ISsxJ, as made at I'uitrd ."itatea exchanging pont-officea in punuanct 
 ufihv I'oftniastcr-Cenerara order of iftplember 10, IST'J. 
 
 Sent. 
 
 25, 4C8, 4C4 
 
 038,497 
 119. 90K 
 
 Iwoceivcd. Total. 
 
 l,23.',90tt 1,874,40C.. 
 Cl.eiM 1«1,C0-JI 
 20, 226, 8C'.) 24, 822, 971: 51, 049, 840 1, 
 29, 675, 709 27, 277, KV:., of>. 953, 54^ 2, 
 , MG, 3»7i 
 
 2Cnmber of prepaid letters 
 
 Xamberof unpaidaiul insufficiently 
 ^paid letters ". 
 
 KunjUcr of free of postage letters . 
 
 Total number of letters 
 
 Total uuiuber of siii;;lo rates .„,„,,.,,„.. 
 
 Xnmberof postal cards 1, 42.-', 20til 918,179 
 
 Knmbt'r of packets of uewspapfx*, | i 
 
 other priuto^ matter, and birei- 
 ness papers 
 
 Xumber Of packotfl of samples of 
 merchandise , 
 
 Xnmber of registered articles 
 
 Kwmber of deaiauds for return re- 
 ceipts , 
 
 Prepaid postagefi on letters Wl, 385, 618 15 
 
 I 'repaid postages on printed mat- 
 ter, &c 
 
 Unpaid postages on letters, printe<l 
 matter, A-o 
 
 KS 
 
 ^ o 
 u o it 
 
 M U ■ 
 
 22 
 
 23,525,308' 48, 003, 832 1 , W3, 09C 5L98 4&02 
 
 597, 
 
 898 
 
 870 
 
 029' 
 
 412 34. 00 05. 04 
 ....oa 03 33.97 
 ...51.3844 02 
 ,...^2.1147.89 
 ...00.87 39.13 
 
 22, 910, 589' 19, 500. 814. 42, 510, 403 3, 322, 
 I 11 
 
 604, 
 
 84.1, 682' 
 457, OOo! 
 
 9.789 
 
 238,880 
 468,354' 
 
 17,054; 
 
 1, 082, 562 
 925,354'.. 
 
 26.843'.. 
 
 802' 
 
 11 
 
 ^t24, 732 33-. 
 
 ...5X9146.00 
 
 . ... 77. 93 22. 07 
 354 49.39 50.01 
 
 7,20530.47 63.5.1 
 
 . . I.. I 
 
 $23,292 251117,099 511140,991 79 $04,407 20,1&5283.4S 
 
 I I I I I I 
 
 From the above table it appcar.s — 
 
 1. That 97.11 per cent, of the letters sent to foreign countries were 
 fully prepaid ; that 2.43 per cent, were either unpaid or insufficiently 
 prepaid, and that 0.4.'^ per cent, were free of postage. 
 
 2. That 94\^ per cent, of the letters received in the United States from 
 foreign countries were fully pre])aid ; that .1 per cent, were either unpaid 
 or insufficiently prepaid, and that one-fourth of one per cent, were free of 
 ]>ostage. 
 
 '.). That of the total number of postal articles sent, 51 per cent, were 
 letters; 2.78 per cent, were i)ostal cards; 44.57 per cent, were news- 
 papers, other printed matter, and business pai)ers, and 1.05 per cent, 
 were samples of merchandise. 
 
 4. That of the total number of postal articles received, 54.4C percent, 
 were letters; 2.01 per cent, were postal cards; 43 per cent, were news- 
 papers, other i)rints, and business pai>ers, and ().."»;$ p<'r cent, were sam- 
 ples of merchandise. 
 
 5. The estimated amount of ])Ostages collecte<l in the United States 
 on the unpaid mail-matter received from othfr countries exceeded th<' 
 estimated amount of unpaid jio.stages on the mail-matter sent to other 
 countries in the sum of .'i<!)1,407.29. 
 
 0. The estimated total postages collected in the I'nitod States (not 
 including registration fees on registered articles) on th»' mails exelianged 
 with foreign (iountries, amounted to Ji'l.05(;.()l t.l8. 
 
 The general statistics of the postal services in the countries of the 
 Universal Postal Union for the year \^S0 (the lat«'st e.ollate<l and pub 
 lished by the International llureau), furnish interesting information re- 
 specting the interior )tost:il s<'rvic<'s of each (•«>untry, ;is well as of the 
 international iK)stal rrlations bt'tween the countries of the I'nion. 
 
 It appears by these statisti<'s that the relalive rank of the principal 
 Union countries, in respect to the following particulars, was as follows:
 
 1950 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 1st. Innumber of post-0 f ices the Vnited States ranks lirst, with 42,989 
 officesj then Great Britain, with 14,549; Germany, with 9,460; France, 
 5,942; Japan, 4,CG5; Kussia, 4,458; British India, 4,409 ; Austria, 4,025; 
 Italy, 3,328; Switzerland, 2,852; Spain, 2,042; Hungary, 2,301; Sweden, 
 1,785; the Netherlands, 1,316; Norway, 924; Mexico, 897; Belgium, 
 792 ; Portugal, 755 ; Denmark, 560. 
 
 2d. In respect of the relative proportion between the number of post- 
 ofices and that of population^ the principal countries of the Union rank 
 as follows : Switzerland has au average of 993 inhabitants to each post- 
 office ; the United States, 1,167 to each office ; Norway, 2,078 ; Great 
 Britain, 2,372; Sweden, 2,565; the Netherlands, 3,085; Luxemburg, 
 3,175; Denmark, 3,537; Germany, 4,778 ; Austria, 5,498 ; France, 0,211 ; 
 Portugal, 6,285; Spain, 6,333; the Argentine Eepublic, 6,400; Belgium, 
 6,991 ; Hungary, 7,258 ; Japan, 7,701 ; Italy, 8,545. 
 
 3d. In number of letter-boxes for reception of correspondence^ the prin- 
 cipal countries rank as follows : France, 57,960 letter-boxes ; Germany, 
 67,782; Great Britain, 27,782 ; the United States, 18,460 ; Italy, 11,550 ; 
 Spain, 9,406; Austria, 8,013; Russia, 7,957; Japan, 0,935; Brilish India, 
 6,392; Belgium, 5,456; Switzerland, 5,270; Denmark, 3,382; Hungary, 
 3,263 ; the Netherlands, 3,047 ; Sweden, 2,700 ; Portugal, 1,303. 
 
 4th. In number of letters conveyed in the mails, the principal countries 
 rank as follows: Great Britain, 1,176,423,600 letters; the United States, 
 847,830,029; Germany, 522,689,800; France, 488,462,763; Austria, 
 174,999,000; Italy, 151,471,018; British India, 118,072,439; Russia, 
 92,451,476; Spain, 66,525,891; Hungary, 64,647,572 ; Belgium, 61,209,200; 
 the Netherlands, 48,070,539; Switzerland, 45,739,594; Japan, 36,898,795; 
 Sweden, 27,130,454 ; Denmark, 22,011,999 ; Portugal, 14,124,919. 
 
 5th. In number of postal cards conveyed in the mails, the principal 
 countries rank as follows : The United States, 275,324,224 postal cards; 
 Germany, 135,135,100 ; Great Britain, 122,884,000 ; Austria, 36,026,000; 
 France, 27,540,065; Japan, 19,884,451; Italy, 19,714,710; Belgium, 
 14,720,342 ; the Netherlands, 13,775,947 ; Hungary, 12,905,458 ; British 
 India, 7,471,984; Switzerland, 6,649,297; Russia, 4.682,544; SwedenJ 
 1,250,081; Roumauia, 685,802; Portugal, 252,751; Norway, 209,014; 
 Denmark, 173,128 ; Spain, 161,986 ; Luxemburg, 155,883. 
 
 6th. In respect to the number of letters and postal cards per each in- 
 habitant, tlie principal countries rank as follows: Great Britain, 37.6 
 to each inhabitant; the United States, 22.8; Switzerland, 22.4; the 
 Netherlands, 17.1; Belgium, 16.2 ; Germany, 15.6; France, 14.9; Den- 
 mark, 12.6; Luxemburg, 11.7; Austria, 11.1 ; Sweden, 6.9; Italy, 6.6; 
 Norway, 5.7; Spain, 4.1; Portugal, 3.3; Greece, 1.7; Japan, 1.0; 
 Roumania, 1.2 ; Russia, 1.1. 
 
 7tli. In number of newspapers conveyed in domestic mails, the principal 
 countries rank as follows : The United States, 730,269,063 newspapers; 
 Germany, 420,944,000; France, 285,691,654; Great Britain, 133,796,100; 
 Russia, 83,233,945; Italy, 81,060,778; Austria, 75,282,900; Belgium, 
 64,680,000; Switzerland, 49,967,736; the Netherlands, 33,682,452; Hun- 
 gary, 27,722,577; Denmark, 25,007,457; Sweden, 21,087,036; Japan, 
 17,596,758; British India, 11,251,021; Norwav, 10,402,002; Argentine 
 Republic, 7,500,000 ; Greece, 1,688,841. 
 
 8th. In number of newspapers dispatched in international mails, the 
 jmncipal countries rank as follows: The United States, 18,378,837 ncws- 
 jiapers; Great Britain, 16,697,753; France, 15,894,252; Germany, 
 8,760,000; Italy, 5,030,860; Belgium, 4,001,000; Spain, 3,117,521; tlie 
 Netherlands, 1,251,605; Russia, 1,235,686; Argentine RepubUc, 795,000; 
 Sweden, 714,717; Greece, 502,047; Norway, 201,428.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 951 
 
 9th. Ill respect to the length of interior mail-routes of all ]<inds, on land 
 and ivater, used for conveyance of the mailfi, the United States occupies 
 the first rank, with a total length of ooO.L'l'l kilometers (3-11,81)1 miles); 
 France next, with L'27,591 kilometers (141,418 miles); Eussia nest, \nth 
 171,208 kilometers (100,421 miles) ; and Germany next, with 101,009 kilo- 
 meters (03,137 miles). 
 
 No reports on this head were furnished for Great Britain. 
 
 10th. f n respect to the nnmherofmilcH ofrailivaytransportatioji ofmails^ 
 the United Sttites ranks first, with 154,399.'.)41 kilometers (95,939,491 
 miles); Germany next, with 102,799,339 kilometers (03,870,418 miles); 
 then France, with 00,150,7.'3.") kilometers (41,104,095 miles); Austria, 
 29,107,004 kilometers (18,123,711 miles); Kussia, 23,203,038 kilometers 
 (14,418,045 miles); Hungary, 12,504,957 kilometers (7,770,205 miles); 
 Spam, 5,942,754 kilometers (3,092,049 miles); Sweden, 5,050,897 kilo- 
 meters (3,510,020 miles); Switzerland, 4,772,740 kilometers (2,905,037 
 miles). 
 
 No statements on this head were furnished for Great Britain. 
 
 11th. In respect to the distance of transportation of mails effected by 
 modes of conveyance other than by 7-ailroads, the United States ranks first, 
 with 121,713,592 kilometers (75,599,174 miles) ; Germany next, with 
 02,745,103 kilometers (38,989,925 miles); then France, 48jsC9,120 kilo- 
 meters (30,305,805 miles); Russia, 33,415,955 kilometers (20,703,073 
 miles); Austria, 31,743,825 kilometers (19,724,001 miles). 
 
 No statements on this head were furnished for Great Britain. 
 
 12th. In respect toihc gross postal revenues^ the principal countries rank 
 as follows: Germany, 190,229,319 francs ; the United States, 170,453,027 ; 
 Great Britain, 108,335,075; France, 112,087,572; Russia, 50,094,540; 
 Austria, 41,519,703; Italy, 28,189,018 ; British India, 22,324,407; Spain, 
 18,723,485; Switzerland, 17,589,901; Hungary, 15,890,022; Belgium, 
 11,599,007; The Netherlands, 8,828,838; Sweden, 7,133,273; Japan, 
 0,439,847 ; Denmark, 5,550,803 francs. 
 
 13th. The postal seryiceof the following countries in 18S0 yielded net 
 revenues, in francs, as follows: Great Britain, 04,944,200 fi-ancs; France, 
 32,303,040; Germany, 22,017,089; Spain, 10,751,753; Austria, 4,582,700 ; 
 Belgium, 3,830,839; Italy, 3,831,083 ; Hungary, 2,700,015 ; The Nether- 
 lands, 2,180,341; Switzerland, 2,011,804; British India, 994,485; Sweden, 
 929,811 francs. 
 
 The annual deficit in the United States for the same year was 1 0,536,575 
 francs, and in Russia 4,520,170 francs. 
 
 The order of this department discontinuing the annual count of do- 
 mestic correspondence has, it is regretted, rendered incomplete the sta- 
 tistics furnislie^l the International Bureau for the fiscal year ended June 
 30, 1881, and will prevent any coa»i)arisou for that year between our 
 domesti(! correspondence and that of other countries of the Uniyersal 
 Postal Union. 
 
 SUBJECTS REQUIRING LEGISLATION. 
 
 Article G of the Universal Postal Union (.-onyention «oncluded at 
 Paris, Juno 1, 1878, i)rovid«'.s for the j)ayment, in rase of the loss «)f a 
 registered article, and excei)t in case of force majeure, of an inch'mnity 
 of 50 francs to the sender, or, at his request, to the a<ldresse«', by tlie 
 administration ui)on whose territory or in whose maritime service the 
 loss hiis occurred; but i>ermits, as a temporary measure, the adminis- 
 trations of the countries lu-yond lOuropc whos*; legislation was at that 
 time oi)i>osed to the principle of ivsponsibility to postjion*' its ai>plica- 
 tion until they shall have obtained frum the legislative power authority
 
 952 
 
 rAl'KKS ACCOMPANVINU THE 
 
 1«» subscribe to ii. To enable tLis (lepartmeiii to carry iiilo eflV'ct tbis 
 provision of the I'aris Couveution, your predeccBSors baAO reeoinuieiKled 
 iu eacU annual lepoil since tbo conclusion of tbc Paris Convention, that 
 llic ne(!essaiy autiiority (berefor be. given by lav. Jjills ha\e been in- 
 troduced in Congress i'or that object ^\hicb liave passed the Senate, bur 
 have not been acted iij)on by the iJouse ot Representatives. J respect- 
 fully suggest that the attention of Congress be again called by this de- 
 partment to the ftn]>ortanceof enacting the necessary legislation o]) this 
 subject. 
 
 The countries and colonies of the Universal Postal Union outside of 
 Europe which, up to the latest advices, have agreed to the principle 
 of responsibility in case of loss on their territory, or in their maritime 
 sernce, of a registered article, are as follows : 
 
 Egypt, 
 
 British India, 
 
 Persia, 
 
 The Danish Colonies, 
 
 The Spanish Colonies, 
 
 The French Colonies, 
 
 The Netherlands Col- 
 onies, 
 
 The Portuguese Col- 
 onies, 
 
 The United States of 
 Colombia, 
 
 The Eepublic of Hay ti, 
 
 Antigua, 
 
 Bahamas, 
 
 Bermudas, 
 
 Ceylon, 
 
 Gold Coast, 
 
 Dominica, 
 
 Gambia, 
 
 Grenada, 
 
 British Guiana, 
 
 British Honduras, 
 
 Hong-Kong, 
 
 Jamaica, 
 
 Labuan, 
 
 Lagos, 
 
 Mauritius, 
 
 Montserrat, 
 
 Nevis, 
 
 Saint Christopher, 
 
 Saint Lucia, 
 
 Seychelles, 
 
 Sierra Leone, 
 
 Straits Settlements, 
 
 Newfoundland, 
 
 Tobago, 
 
 Trinida<l, 
 
 Turk's Islands, 
 
 Virgin Isles, 
 
 Saint Yincent, 
 
 Cyprus, 
 
 Barbadoes, 
 
 Chili, 
 
 Hawaii. 
 
 This department, as also the postal administrations of Peru, the 
 United States of Venezuela, and the Eepublic of Liberia, have advised 
 the International Bureau of the Postal Union that they have submitted 
 to their national legislatures projects ot laws authorizing them to sub- 
 scribe to the principle of respousiblity in the matter of registered articles 
 exchanged with other postal-union countries. 
 
 I also respectfully suggest that the recommendations of your prede- 
 cessors for such a modification of the provisions of section 17 of the act 
 of ]\Iarcli 3, 1879, as will authorize the adoption, by the Secretary of 
 the Treasury and the Postmaster-General, of regulations extending to 
 all dutiable articles of mail-matter received by mail from foreign conn- 
 tries the same facilities of transmission by mail to destination and de- 
 livery to the addressees, subject to ijaymentof customs duty, as are now 
 extended to dutiable books received from countries of the Universal 
 Postal Union. 
 
 SPECIAL POSTAL-UNIOX INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES. 
 
 A project of an arrangement relative to an international exchange of 
 small parcels not exceeding 3 kilograms in weight, which was submitted 
 by the delegates of Germany to the Paris Convention of 1878, resulted 
 in the assemblage at Paris, in October, 1880, of a Postal Conference, 
 which, on the 3d day of November following, concluded a convention 
 to go into operation October 1, 1881, for an exchange of such parcels 
 between Germany, Austro-Hungary, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, 
 Egypt, Spain, France, Great Britain and Ireland, British India, Italy, 
 Luxemburg, Montenegro, The Netherlands, Persia, Portugal, Eoumania, 
 SerVia. Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, and Turkey.
 
 REl'UKT OF THK l-OSlMAbTEli-ail^EKAl.. 053 
 
 'Ibe ]jostal-uuiou couutries which have takeu advantage, lo date, ol" 
 the permissiou given in Article 14 of the Paris Convention to make 
 mutual arranyemeuts for the exchange of postal cards with paid reply 
 arc as follows: ArgxMitine iRepublic, Austro-Hungary, fielgium, Brazil, 
 Colombia [United States of], Cuba, France, Germany, Greece, Hoinluras 
 [Kepublic of], Italy, Luxemburg, Is'etherlands. Netherlands Colonies in 
 the East Indies, Norway, Paraguay, Persia, Porto Kico, Portugal. 
 Portuguese Colonies, Roumania, San Salvador, Ser\ia, Spain, Spanish 
 Colonies, Sweden, Switzerland, Tiu'key, and Uruguay. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Postal intercourse between the United States and foreign countries 
 has l)een maintained during the year \\ith accustomed regulaiity, and 
 without interruption, save in the following instances: 
 
 The prevalence of yellow fever during summer months, and the quar- 
 antine regulations resulting therefrom at Xew Orleans, La.; Galveston. 
 Tex.; Key ^\'est, Fla., and several towns on the Rio Grande, compelled 
 the temporary use of less direct routes lor the transmission of exchanges 
 between the United States and Mexico and Havana, Cuba, respectively, 
 involving delay to the mails to some extent. 
 
 The occupation by Chilian forces of Peruvian territory, resulting in 
 the suppression* of the postal establishments of Peru, and the estab- 
 lishment in their stead of Chilian post offices, under the charge and 
 direction of the military forces of Chili, whilst giving rise to anomalous 
 complications, has, at the same time, occasioned delays to the mails from 
 the United States for Peru, and complaints of alleged loss of corre- 
 spondence. 
 
 In connection with the above, it should be stated that direct postal 
 intercourse with Brazil, and other countries on the east coast of South 
 America, and with a considerable portion of the West India Islands, is 
 entirely dependent upon the maritime commercial carrying trade with 
 those countries and islands, the varying necessities of which render the 
 mail service irregular and uncertain, and not infrequently prevent suffi- 
 cient notice to the public of the dispatches occurring. 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 JOSEPH H. BLACKFAN, 
 
 Siiperhit€)idait. 
 
 REPORT OF THE TOPOGRAPHER OF THE POSTOFEICE 
 
 DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Post-Office Depart:vient, Topographer's Office, 
 
 }Yashiiigton, J). C, October IS, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit report on the work of the topogra- 
 pher's office during the past year (ending Sej)tember 30, 1SS2), with 
 estimate of appropriation required for tlie liscal year ending June 30, 
 1884, for the general expenses of this oiliec. 
 
 Previous to the pa.st year this estimate has been made annually for a 
 specific total amount, to include the salaries of the employes of this 
 office, together with the miscellaneous ex])envses in " the ])reparation 
 and i)ublication of post-route maps," but, it ha\iug been thought better 
 to depart from this special presentation, and to grou)) these employes 
 aJong with the regular personal force of the departmeut, that plan^was
 
 954 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 adopted last year and is now followed, the miscellaneous expenses of 
 the ofllce being provided for by an item of the contingent expenses of 
 the Post-Otlice Department. 
 
 During this past year the regular duty of "keeping up," with all the 
 successive changes, the exhibit of the mail service of the country on the 
 ina])s and diagrams used by the officers and clerks in the several bureaus, 
 ami tlie furnishing the geographical data for the different branches of the 
 department, has been accomplished to the full capacity of the force 
 allowed and employed. 
 
 For the continuous (daily) use of the officers and corresponding clerks 
 of the contract office, 14:2 maps or diagrams have been "kept up," show- 
 ing the changes in the service at least once a month. There are also 
 kept up, under the same conditions, two sets (50 maps) for nee in the 
 appointment office, and three sets (C9 maps) for the offices of the Post- 
 master-General, general superintendent of railway mail service, and 
 topograi)her. In addition to this constant and indispensable assistance 
 for these offices, there have been brought up, at longer intervals than a 
 month, 184 maps for use in the under-named offices : Finance, money- 
 order, post-office insi^ectors, dead-letter, Assistant Attorney-General for 
 Post-Office Department, and for the office of the Sixth Auditor of the 
 Treasury Department (located in Post-Office Department building). 
 
 lu procuring data for the original construction and additions to the 
 post-route max3S, 324 letters of inquiry have been addressed to engineers 
 and other officers of railroads, in most cases with inclosure of a special 
 tracing of the immediate surrounding country, made in this office, to 
 facilitate their returning the exact lines of their roads for transference to 
 our maps. With the same view, 4,240 circular queries have been sent to 
 postmasters to get the locations of their post-offices, where inadequately 
 furnished by the data presented to and reported from the appointment 
 office, or to get more precise definition of sites and adjacent topography. 
 
 The miscellaneous correspondence, exclusive of the above circulars, 
 consisted of 2,980 letters written by the topographer on matters appro- 
 priate to his work. The number of letters received, exclusive of these 
 returned circular queries, was 3,119. 
 
 Eight thousand two hundred and fifty sheets of post-route maps, col- 
 ored (with few exceptions), to exhibit the i)ost-offices and the frequency 
 of service on the several post-routes, have been distributed during the 
 year. Of these, a large proportion has been, as in former years, sent to 
 the larger post-offices in the several States and Territories, either for 
 the first time or to replace (by new editions) those hitherto supplied 
 but rendered obsolete by the great additions to and changes in the 
 service. The largest distribution has been to the officers, clerks, and 
 other agents of the railway mail service, the maps (witli the latest in- 
 formation carefully transcribed) being furnished on requisitions from 
 the general superintendent and division superinteuilents for their office 
 use, and for distribution to emi^loyes in that special service. But it 
 being impracticable, for various reasons, to furnish every one employed 
 in the railway mail service with a copy of these elaborate (and con- 
 stantly changing) maps, the attempt has been made during the past year 
 to construct a series of smaller single-sheet diagrams to show the rail- 
 road system of a State, with the more important side connections ("star 
 route"). Diagrams of seven States have been thus made and a large 
 number of copies placed at the disposal of the general superintendent 
 of railway mail service; and from the satisfaction expressed from their 
 use it may be advisable to extend this construction for other States. 
 For post-office inspectors, whose duties require much traveling, many
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 955 
 
 copies of the various maps have been specially prepared in portable form, 
 showing, as closely as possible, the existing state of the service. 
 
 Tliiity-scven per cent, of all the post-route maps distributed iu vari- 
 ous (juartcr.s from tliis (topograplier's) office have been backed with 
 muslin, mounted on rollers, or bound for i)ortable use. A detailed state- 
 uient of this <listribution of majjs during the past year is appended 
 (marked A), w ith a side comparison \Yith the numbers for the two pre- 
 ceding years. 
 
 Tin- de])artment has continued to furnish, when available, occasional 
 copies olthe ixjst-route niaps to the other governmental bureaus; their 
 large scale, (.-learness ol" matter without sui>ei'tluity of detail, rendering 
 them accei)table for reference and for sj)ecial exhibition and demarca- 
 tion of district divisions, «!v:c. Maps have been sent tluring the past 
 year, in comi)liance with request, to the following: 
 
 Treasury Department, Bureau of Statistics; 
 
 Treasury l)ei)artment, LTnited States Coast and Geodetic Survey Office: 
 
 War De])artment, Oftice of the Secretary; 
 
 War Department, Otiice of the Chief Engineer, United States Army; 
 
 War Department, Ollice of the Paymaster-General, United States 
 Army; 
 
 War DejiartnuMit, Signal Oftice, United States Anny; 
 
 Dej)artment of the Interior, General Land Oflice; 
 
 Dei)artment of the Interior, Pension Otiice; 
 
 Dei>aitment of the Intericu-, Ollice of Auditor of Railroad Accounts; 
 
 Department of the Interior, Census Otiice; 
 
 DepartnuMit of the interior. United States Geological Survey 011i<te; 
 
 Department of Agriculture; 
 
 National Board of Health. 
 
 It may be deemed proper that I .should notice herein that the contri- 
 bution in maps and books from the Post-Oftice De])artment of the United 
 States to the exhibit at the Interiuitional Congress of Geography, meet- 
 ing at A'enice, Italy, in September of last year, has been recognize<l by 
 the award of a '' Letter of Distinction" — the highest class of awards 
 conferred. 
 
 The calls for certificates of distances required in the settlement of 
 mileage accounts by oflicers of the jiublic service and in the adjnstment 
 of telegraphic rates for government messages, made a duty of the to- 
 pograi)her of this department, have been, as usual, ])romj)tly answered. 
 For this l!>i; letters have been answered, covering 41- (pieries. That 
 number of queries is but small ciunjiare*! with those oi" some years back, 
 but their reference to this ollice is necessitated by the absence of any 
 authoritative table of distances. There are gn'at jn-actical dilliculties 
 in the compilation of an extended ami correct table, still such a publi- 
 cation is a desideratum, the ''Distance Tables" of this departuu'ut, 
 issued in 187.1, having been long obsolete. In view of tke great labor 
 that would attend such a comi)iIation, suggestions have at varu)us times 
 been made for a joint etfort by the governmental departments most in- 
 terested iu this matter. 
 
 During the i)ast year the ])rei)aration ami publication — with successive 
 editions to keej) pace with the incessant progress of the postal service — 
 of the series of post route mai)s have been continued under my sujjcr- 
 vision. New editions lia\ c been issued of all the majts hitherto 2)reparcd 
 (20 in number, covered by 0") sheets). Sufrcessive editions, at short in- 
 tervals of fhree or lour months, have been and always will be required 
 to show the numerous additions and changes of postolhces, ami the 
 course and frequency of service on the several post-routes.
 
 956 PAPKK.S A(.'COMl'ANV'l.\G T15K 
 
 New maps (photolithographed to supersede. IbriiiL'r j)rovisiuiiiil cupits) 
 Ikivo been coi)ii)leted of Nmv Mexico and Arizona, of Utah, of Oregon 
 and ^^■a.slungton, and of Ibe. INMi'itone.s of .Aloiilana, Idaho, and Wy- 
 oniin.u-, and enpaved plates have been completed of Airginia and West 
 Virginia. A new map (photolithograplicd) lias b<MMi produced of the 
 Mississippi Jtiver, showing the river and side-connecting service between 
 Saint Louis and the mouth. There still remain nn<lcr construction, at 
 such opportunities as the draughtsmen can command, drawings for new 
 maps of Florida, of JTorth Carolina and South Carolina, and of Cali- 
 fornia and i»fevada. 
 
 It is to be noted that the greater part of the time of the emidoyes of 
 this oilice is absorbed in making the incessant additions and alterations 
 to the maps hii hand., particularly for those required for the daily use of 
 the officers and clerks of the department headquarters, who must have 
 the latest information graphically presented, to be used along with their 
 books and papers of record. These requirements necessarily limit the 
 number of copies of the mai)s available for outside issue. 
 
 T\\Q personnel of this office now consists of — 
 
 The topographer. 
 
 8 draughtsmen (1 acting as principal assistant, and 1 specially for 
 lithographic work). 
 
 2 corresponding clerks. 
 
 20 map-colorists and copyists (ladies). 
 
 2 map- mounters. 
 
 1 messenger. 
 
 2 "watchmen (day and night, for building occupied for office). 
 
 These will be found graded in the general appropriation bill (legis- 
 lative, executive, and judicial) for the existing fiscal year, but in the 
 estimate for nest fiscal year, which I have the honor to x^resent for your 
 consideration, I would respectfully submit that one additional draughts- 
 man (clerk of second class) and one additional messenger (at 1720) be 
 added. 
 
 The present force of draughtsmen is not able to keep up with the con- 
 stant and urgent and ever-increasing calls for the briuging-up of the 
 maps used daily throughout the department headquarters, and I have 
 been obliged to detail Mr. W. B. Todd, hitherto acting so efficiently as 
 corresponding clerk and general aid, for duty as a draughtsman in charge 
 of one of the groups of States. The additional messenger is almost a 
 necessity for the proper transmission throughout the office of the endless 
 number of specific orders coming up at every moment of the day. The 
 above, it is submitted, is but a reasonable increase of the foree for these 
 duties. 
 
 I take pleasure in testifying to the general faithful and steady work 
 of the employes of this office, particularly mentioning the efficient lielp 
 I have had from the principal assistant, Mr. Charles E. Gorham, and 
 from the two corresponding clerks, Mr. TV. B. Todd and Miss E. How- 
 ard, and, latterly, Mrs. 1. il. Sykes. 
 
 Very respectfullv, vour obedient servant, 
 
 W. L. KICHOLSOX, 
 Topographer Fast- Office Department. 
 
 Hon. T. O. Howe, .v ^ 
 
 Postmaster- General.
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GEXERAL. 957 
 
 KEPORT OF THE AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY FOR THE 
 POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Office of thk Auditor of the Treasury 
 
 FOR THE PoST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT, 
 
 Washington, D. C, October 31, 1882. 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit herowith the animal reinnt of tlie 
 receipts and expenditures of the PostOllice Department, as sliown by 
 the accounts of this office, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 REVENUE ACCOUNT OF THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Fiscal year 1882: 
 
 The revenue of the departmeut for the liscal year ended Juue 'M, l^r^J, 
 
 was $41,87«i,4in i:, 
 
 The expenditure for tlie service of the yeai- was 41), O.yj, (j:i4 7.') 
 
 Excess of receipts 1, '^:j('«, 77.') 10 
 
 Amount of balances due by postmasters charged to "bad 
 
 debts" and " •ompromis'e " accounts $143, 282 88 
 
 Amount of baluuces duo iiostmasters, to credit of "sus- 
 pense" account 2,817 515 
 
 140,46.'. 3.". 
 
 Balance available for service of l^.yi 1, (5%, 310 O.'i 
 
 Fiscal year 1881 : 
 
 Tiie balance available for the service of 1881 at the close of tlie last 
 
 annual report was .'jIS, ii70 G.' 
 
 The amount paid during the last fiscal year was 391), 314 ■■>- 
 
 Balance available for the service of 1881 1 VJ, .'v)<"> 07 
 
 Fiscal year 1860 : 
 
 The balance available for the service of 1880 at the close of the last 
 
 annual report was M-^. 4.'>3 93 
 
 The amount paid durinj^ the last liscal year was 42,032 7f'i 
 
 Baluucf uuexp.iidod for 1h-0 4lH5,421 17 
 
 Fiscal year 187'.i and previous years: 
 
 'I ho amount jihiced with the Treasurer, under the act approved Aujjuf*! 
 
 8, 1882 (Public, No. 2U.'>, pa;;es27 Hnd30), was ti,5i>."> 12 
 
 The amount paid to September 30, lHb2, was l,0:iU 14 
 
 Bahinco available on this aeeount .'^ 'o.'! '.i- 
 
 SUMMARY OF 1JEV13NUES AND EXPENDITURES. 
 
 Revenue of 188^2 .' *U..«'7(;.4lti l.'. 
 
 C Jrants from the Treasury, 1879 and i>roviouH years (claims) (J, 'I'.i.'. \U 
 
 Total reooipls 41, -83.<X».'. 27
 
 058 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 Expenditures for 1882 U^, 039, 634 75 
 
 Expenditures for 1881 399,314 58 
 
 Expenditures for 1880 42,032 76 
 
 Expenditurea for 1879 and previous years 1,039 14 
 
 Total expenditures $40,482,021 23 
 
 1, 400, 984 04 
 Net amount charged to "bad debts " and "compromise" acouuts dur- 
 ing the year, less credits by " suspense " 140, 465 35 
 
 Excess of receipts 1,260,518 69 
 
 Of the amount charged to "bad debt" and " compromivse" accounts, 
 $133,672.84 is the sum of uncollectable balances of accounts found open 
 from 1789 to 1856, the ledgers having been reviewed for that period. 
 
 The balance standing to the credit of the general revenue account at 
 
 the close of the fiscal year ended June 30, 1881, was $3,979,814 46 
 
 Excessof receipts during last fiscal year 1,260,518 69 
 
 Balance to the credit of the revenue account at the close of the fiscal 
 
 year ended June 30, 1882 5,240,333 15 
 
 _ , , , , , < accounts in suit $245,202 83 
 
 Due by late postmasters I accounts not in suit 225, 828 60 
 
 471,03143 
 
 4,769,301 72 
 DEFICIENCY ACCOUNT. 
 
 The amount appropriated from the general Treasury to supply deficien- 
 cies in the revenue of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year 
 ended June 30, 1882, was $2,152,258 00 
 
 The amount remaining undrawn, there having been no deficiency, is. 2, 152, 258 00 
 
 ' POSTMASTERS' QUARTERLY ACCOUNTS-CURRENT. 
 
 The net revenues of the department from postages, being the aggre- 
 gate revenues at post-oflSices for the fiscal year, less the compensation 
 of postmasters and clerks and the contingent office expenses, were: 
 
 For the quarter ended September 30, 1881 $6,199,870 23 
 
 For the quarter ended December 31, 1881 7, 236, 620 49 
 
 For the quarter ended March 31, 1882 7,480,798 28 
 
 For the quarter ended June 30, 1882 6,872,633 57 
 
 Total 27,789,922 57 
 
 The number of quarterly returns of postmasters received and audited, 
 on which the above sum was found due the United States, was : 
 
 For the quarter ended September 30, 1881 44,502 
 
 For the quarter ended December 31, 1881 44,808 
 
 For the quarter ended March 31, 1882 44,979 
 
 For the quarter ended June 30, 1882 45,285 
 
 Total 179,574 
 
 STAMPS SOLD. 
 
 The amount of stamps, stamped envelopes and wrappers, newspaper 
 and periodical stamps, and postal cards sold, was: 
 
 For the quarter ended September 30, 1881 ' $9, 040, 588 29 
 
 For the quarter ended December 31, 1881 10,179,991 18 
 
 For the quarter ended March 31, 1882 10,486,540 42 
 
 For the quarter ended June 30, 1882 9,996,237 11 
 
 Total 39,703,357 00
 
 KEPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 959 
 
 The amount of official stamps furnished the dififerent de- 
 }>artments, included in the above amount of stamps sold, 
 was: 
 
 For the State Department $2,040 00 
 
 Forthe War Department 13'J,fi:{=) 98 
 
 For the Interior Department 21,1>07 00 
 
 For the Department of Agriculture l.'iOl 50 
 
 For the Navy Department 6:0 00 
 
 Total ofiBcial stamps $166, 15 48 
 
 Total ordinary stamps sold 'S-j,537,'202 52 
 
 LETTER POSTAGES. 
 
 The amount of postage paid in money was $97,585 32 
 
 Included in tlie above amount are the following sums paid by foreign coun- 
 tries in the settlement of their accounts: 
 
 Kiuj^dom of Great Britain and Ireland $14,779 44 
 
 Dominion of Canada IvJ, 756 46 
 
 Republic of Mexico 2,615 8;'» 
 
 Empire of Japan 4,0:59 17 
 
 Kingdom of Spain 1,0:?() ^'9 
 
 Colony of New South Wales 740 25 
 
 Kingdom of Norway 101 90 
 
 Empire of Austria - 40 ;U 
 
 Republic of Switzerland 'A9 IS 
 
 Colony of Queensland 53 56 
 
 Postal admiuistration of Hong-Kong, China ^ 99 91 
 
 Administration of Straits Settlements, East Indies 12 75 
 
 37, 245 70 
 
 Balance collected by postmasters TRl, 3:59 V>2 
 
 The following balances were paid and charged to the appropriations 
 for — 
 
 BALANCES DUE FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 
 Service of 1882: 
 
 Empire of Germany $4,444 62 
 
 Kingdom of Belgium H, ,*J9 49 
 
 Republic of Franco 2,212 35 
 
 Kingdom of Denmark 2, Gti2 49 
 
 Kingdom of Koumania 152 65 
 
 Kingdom of Sweden 638 10 
 
 Kingdom of Italy 2,093 14 
 
 International Bureau — Postal Union 670 50 
 
 Total, 1882 $21,733 34 
 
 Service of previous years : 
 
 Empire of Germany $4,444 62 
 
 Kingdom of Belgium '^,829 49 
 
 Republic of France 2,242 :)5 
 
 Kingdom of Denmark 2,6(12 49 
 
 Kingdom of Koumania 1 52 <)5 
 
 Kingdom of Sweden €u\S 10 
 
 Kingdom of Italy 2,093 14 
 
 Colony of St. Thomas, W.I 809 04 
 
 Colony of the Bahamas 61 07 
 
 Total for provioii.s years 21 , 932 95 
 
 Aggregate amount paid 43, GG6 29 
 
 MAIL TRANSPORTATION. 
 The amount charged to "transportation accrued'' and placed to tlie 
 credit of mail contractors and otlicrs for mail transportation thuing the 
 fiscal year was: 
 
 For the regular supply of mail routes $19,729,240 84 
 
 Forthe supply of "special" otlices 42,939 24 
 
 For the supply of " mail messenger " offices 724,714 69,
 
 960 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 For the salaries of i^ostal railway clerks, route agents, local mail 
 agents, aud mail-route messengers 3,235,907 95 
 
 For the salaries and expenses of the superintendents of the railway- 
 mail service - ...-......-.- 44,208 11 
 
 Total 723,777,016 83 
 
 FOREIGN MAIL TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 New York, Great Britain and Ireland, and countries be- 
 yond, via Great Britain $191,654 94 
 
 New York, (Jreat Britain and Ireland, and Germany, and 
 
 countries beyond 62, r)76 53 
 
 Philadelphia, Great Britain and Ireland 3,233 16 
 
 Boston, Great Britain and Ireland 840 90 
 
 Post-Office Department of Canada, English mail 406 77 
 
 New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston, Key West, 
 New Orleans, aud San Francisco, West Indies, Cen- 
 tral aud South America, Mexico, &c — 30,59t) 20 
 
 New York and Newfoundland - 21 54 
 
 Baston and Nova Scotia -. 65 36 
 
 Baltimore and Bremen 28 69 
 
 Upper Pacific coast, local mail 727 06 
 
 San Francisco, China, Japan, Farther India, Australia, and 
 
 South Sea Islands 16,537 38 
 
 Expenses of government mail agent at Aspinwall 705 00 
 
 Expenses of government mail agent at Panama 1.125 00 
 
 Expenses of government mail agent at Shanghai, China. 1,043 61 
 
 309,564 14 
 
 Total 24,0«6,580 97 
 
 The amount credited to transportation accrued and charged to mail 
 contractors for over-credits, being for "iines and deductions," was. 222, 115 65 
 
 Net amount of transportation accrued 23,864,465 32 
 
 The amount paid during the year was 22,766,887 10 
 
 Excess of transportation accrued -- 1,097,578 22 
 
 PACIFIC RAILROAD ACCOUNT. 
 
 lucluded iu the above amount of trausportation accrued are the fol- 
 lowing balances accrued for the ti'ausportatiou of the mails over Pacifi<j 
 railroads, certified to the Register of the Treasury under instructions 
 of the Secretary, dated May 19, 1879, aud August 28, 1880. The items 
 are not charged as expenditures of the Post-Office Department (see Stat- 
 utes, vol. 20, page 420) : 
 
 Regular service, 1382: 
 
 Union Pacific Railway Company $509,399 69 
 
 Central Pacific Railroad Coujpauy 463,856 4-' 
 
 Sioux City and Pacific Railroad Company 22, 433 41 
 
 Use of postal cars, 1882 : 
 
 Union Pacific Railway Cnmpauy 68,716 03 
 
 Central Pacific Railroad Company 53, 768 44 
 
 $1, 0.'.'i, 6S9 53 
 
 122, 4p4 47 
 
 Total certified for service of 1882 1, 178, 17 1 05 
 
 Regular service of previous years: 
 
 Central Pacific Railroad Company 36, 000 60 
 
 Sioux City and Paci fie Railroad Company 10 72 
 
 Total certified for service of previoxis years 36,011 32 
 
 Aggregate amount certified during the fiscal year 1,214,185 37 
 
 STATESIENT OP THE CONDITION OF ACCOUNTS OF LATE POST^tASTEBS. 
 
 Balance due the United States brought forward from last report $510,690 91 
 
 Balance due the United States on account ('1' postmasvt^rs becoming late 
 
 during the fiscal year 378, 887 64 
 
 889,578 75
 
 REPORT OF IHE POSTMASTER-GENEKAL. 
 
 9GI 
 
 Amount collected during the year $-.")■!, 070 8^{ 
 
 Amount charged to "suspense" 21, 193 61 
 
 Amount charged to "bad and compromiee debts " 1 13, '■iS'i 88 
 
 §418,547 3i 
 
 Balance remainiug doe United States 471,031 4:5 
 
 Of which there is in suit *J4o,a02 83 
 
 Not in suit 22.'), 828 GO 
 
 471,031 43 
 
 Balance dne late postmasters brought forward from last re- 
 port -ti, (>;4 97 
 
 Amount becoming due during the fiscal year ol,'Jll 27 
 
 Amount paid during the year tJti, 501 2S 
 
 Amount credited to "suspense" 2t,01l 14 
 
 13a, GOG 24 
 
 lX),r.l2 40 
 
 Balance remaining due lato postmasters 47, 493 h4 
 
 Amount in suit Juno 30, IStil 2.'i7,:U»H Ot"., 
 
 Amount submitted for suit during the fiscal year 1, 507 i:'. 
 
 Of which there was collected during the year. 
 A mount otherwise settled 
 
 r),4l9 53 
 7, 190 fs; 
 
 258,813 19 
 
 13.610 36 
 
 Balance remaining in suit 245, 202 83 
 
 Amount of costs and interest collected in suit. 
 
 1,211 00 
 
 Statement of the vet revenue derived from the domestic moncy-ordir transactions for the year 
 ended June 30, 1882, and of the international money-order transactions for the year endtd 
 June 30, 1881. 
 
 Revenue accrued on domestic money-order transactions, 1882 •5-'!;0,341 17 
 
 Revenne accrued on international money-order trans- 
 actions: 
 
 Revenue accrued on Canadian transactions for 1881 $7,776 31 
 
 Revenue accrued on British transactions fi>r 1881 41,(566 79 
 
 Revenue accrued on German transjutions for 1881 1"^,908 10 
 
 Revenue accrued on Swiss transactions lor I'v'l 2,412 33 
 
 Revenue accrued on Italian transactions for 1881 "^,469 25 
 
 Revenue accrued on French transactions lor 1881 1, 1»>3 40 
 
 Total international tO, 42«) 18 
 
 Total net revenue paid to postal account 360, 7»»7 3,'i 
 
 The following tables, numbered from 1 to 1!>, inclusive, exhibit morr 
 in detail the financial transactions of the dei)artment lor the tiscal year: 
 
 No. 1. — Statement exhlhiting t/unrtirly the rvriipt-> of the J'oht-Ojlice Department, under their 
 sevcrul hfadn, for Iht fiscal year rnded June 30, l^r^. 
 
 Arconnts. 
 
 Letter postago 
 
 Box-rentH iiud brnnch of- 
 fices 
 
 Fiues and penalties 
 
 l'o8tape-8tamp», Htaniped 
 ouvelopesaiid wrappore, 
 and poKtal caixl.s 
 
 Beiul letters , 
 
 Kovonue from monoy^or- 
 der buRiness 
 
 illJacellaneonH , 
 
 Qnart<>r end- \ (^uai-tor rnd- Quarter tnid- QnnrtAT end- ' 
 od StipU'iii- (>d Decern- (hI ^Lorch cd Juno 30, ', AxsTent«. 
 bpr:^,!^!. h«T31,18«l. 31,1882. 188S. 
 
 $48, 218 32 
 
 !t93,u27 10 
 l.WO :i7 
 
 $20,880 54 
 
 40.1, 422 78 
 .'■., 304 25 
 
 9.040.588 -.t) 10. 170,991 18 
 1, 423 90 3, 217 W 
 
 5, 908 91 
 
 |2.'>, GOO 37 
 
 422, 14S 81 
 12. 472 12 
 
 10, 466. .^40 42 
 ].'£» 99 
 
 $2,817 09 
 
 107, i»i :rj 
 
 433, 03« 4« , 1. ra, 132 21 
 1,010 25 20, 42««i 
 
 7,584 77 
 
 8,178 Oft 
 
 Total 0,400,700 95 110.020,400 90 10,056,236 80 
 
 61 Ab 
 
 0.906.2r 11 
 1,7M 36 
 
 300.707 35 
 12.811 88 
 
 39, 703, 3.' 7 0(1 
 7, 6.'.T Ki 
 
 3M. 787 3.-. 
 34, 483 U. 
 
 10,809,000 SO I 41,870,410 15
 
 062 
 
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 •-H CO I- c; o <r- c: I's 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 O *f i-( 
 
 ?5§S$2 
 
 go r- 05 ci 
 o « 0-, o 
 e-i o * C-. rS 
 
 O O 0(00000 
 
 I- o o c J a. r-l 
 
 CO -^ O ir> CT) C^ 
 
 O « O I- Ci o 
 
 rH O c» C. C) 
 
 s§a 
 
 Art in 
 ■a 00 <a 
 ro o 
 
 I m ^ 
 sot" 
 
 ■^^ X i ir 
 — « 3 H 3 
 
 a = 
 IS ^ tl^ 
 
 * o^ C 
 
 o - 9 » 
 
 S " s d 
 
 X a V ^•:2 
 
 -, C 00 a H
 
 964 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 No. 3. — Statement of tlie jxyxtal rece'qHs and exjyenditurca 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 States and Territories^ 
 
 ca 
 
 s " 
 
 4^. 
 
 Maine 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Massachnsetts . . . 
 Rheile Island — 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 IS'ew York 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Pennsylvania — 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Maryland 
 
 "Virjrinia 
 
 West Virginia ... 
 North Carolina... 
 South Carolina... 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Florida 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Illinois 
 
 "Wisconsin 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Kentucky -. 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Texas 
 
 Ciilifomia 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Nebraska , 
 
 Nevada 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Utah 
 
 New Jlexico 
 
 ■Washington 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Arizona 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 Montana 
 
 Al.ns'ka 
 
 District of Columbia. 
 Ind. Territor }' 
 
 $0 18 
 
 03 
 
 OS 
 
 ,254 17 
 
 43, 
 
 C3 
 325 14 
 
 1 77 
 64G 61 
 
 n\ 
 
 1 32| 
 
 3 89 
 
 33| 
 7 40| 
 
 8l| 
 6 97 
 
 Deduct miscellaneous items. 
 Add misceUaneoua items. ... 
 
 9 85 
 9 24 
 
 3 12 
 
 90 
 C 25| 
 2 59 
 
 19 82 
 
 2 75 
 
 4 57 
 
 8 01 
 
 1 08 
 
 3 82 
 00 
 
 7 21 
 
 3 85 
 
 1 70 
 
 23 13 
 
 9 92 
 35 61 
 
 58 
 1 90 
 1 OS 
 
 24 
 3 21 
 1 88 
 
 1 66 
 
 2 20 
 2 00 
 
 $193 99 
 
 18-t 00 
 
 167 90 
 
 1, 249 33 
 
 152 24 
 
 3.';7 85 
 
 6,731 58 
 
 368 11 
 
 1,507 07 
 
 24 09 
 
 124 22 
 
 156 67 
 
 77 72 
 
 68 081 
 
 45 52 
 
 209 51 
 
 31 38 
 
 2, 139 37 
 
 803 27 
 
 887 95 
 
 2, 912 73 
 
 448 96 
 
 633 70 
 
 99C 40 
 
 518 67 
 
 174 83 
 
 71 39 
 
 56 69 
 
 52 20 
 
 128 69 
 
 225 18 
 
 474 28 
 
 62 60 
 303 49 
 223 11 
 
 92 44 
 
 15 25 
 
 246 80 
 
 63 24 
 13 45 
 
 6 34 
 30 .59 
 30 10 
 22 92 
 
 i 88 
 50 47 
 
 $22, 609 25 
 
 16, 950 91 i 
 11,813 62| 
 
 124, 007 87; 
 21, 798 92: 
 45, 938 84; 
 
 186, 901 34| 
 30, 716 73 
 
 105, 537 75 
 
 1, 823 13 
 11, 799 73' 
 13, 470 41,' 
 
 5,591 3C! 
 10, 444 56; 
 
 7, 689 45i 
 
 17, 492 291 
 6, 870 69l 
 
 97, 802 72| 
 83, 743 54 
 54, 128 99 
 128, 993 89: 
 57, 304 53! 
 90, 108 20! 
 
 45, 208 8ll 
 20, 572 47| 
 
 12, 819 03 
 14, 191 83 
 14, 383 43 
 12, 110 75 
 
 18, 510 50 
 48, 303 70 
 66, 970 06 
 12, 124 22! 
 37, 503 48i 
 
 46, 611 68; 
 24, 750 99 
 11, 044 00 
 44, 206 131 
 
 8, 302 49| 
 4, 748 50; 
 5, 720 06! 
 
 13, 874 54 
 5,771 25! 
 
 2, 576 95: 
 
 3, 672 35 
 11, 927 42 
 
 73 
 
 363 09 
 60 
 
 4, 719 58: 
 608 551 
 
 342, 
 312, 
 
 2, 666, 
 294, 
 774, 
 
 7, 376, 
 817, 
 
 3, 684, 
 
 94, 
 729, 
 608, 
 219, 
 303, 
 240, 
 491, 
 146, 
 
 2, 629, 
 1, 377, 
 1, 057, 
 
 3, 360, 
 956, 
 
 1, 280, 
 
 1,676, 
 
 607, 
 
 479, 
 
 299, 
 
 246, 
 
 226, 
 
 389, 
 
 745, 
 
 1, 068, 
 
 158, 
 
 721, 
 
 689, 
 
 399, 
 
 73, 
 
 438, 
 
 110, 
 
 72, 
 
 67, 
 
 191, 
 
 56, 
 
 40, 
 
 41, 
 
 86, 
 
 253, 
 23, 
 
 262 53, 
 144 26 
 114 29 
 
 558 23 
 820 02 
 237 36 
 041 01 
 253 23 
 .527 04' 
 911 07 
 629 35: 
 531 10' 
 326 99 
 561 83 
 911 80 
 604 40 
 400 79' 
 705 54! 
 195 50; 
 516 08' 
 023 06 
 557 83 
 913 16. 
 793 42 
 616 88; 
 295 22 
 576 38 
 117 89| 
 671 961 
 494 51 1 
 269 66i 
 187 52! 
 960 15' 
 378 38' 
 538 64; 
 198 5ll 
 567 47 
 341 65 
 132 801 
 088 83 1 
 814 43 
 727 59. 
 335 44I 
 239 30: 
 456 86 
 878 75; 
 337 84 
 399 24I 
 090 771 
 
 $627, 
 
 359, 
 
 324, 
 
 2, 798, 
 
 316, 
 
 820, 
 
 7, 612, 
 
 848, 
 
 3, 800, 
 
 96, 
 
 741, 
 
 622, 
 
 224, 
 
 314, 
 
 254, 
 
 509, 
 
 153, 
 
 2, 729, 
 
 1,461, 
 
 1.112, 
 
 3, 491, 
 
 1, 014, 
 
 1, 371, 
 
 1, 723, 
 
 628, 
 
 492, 
 
 313, 
 
 260, 
 
 238, 
 
 408, 
 
 793, 
 
 1, 135, 
 
 171, 
 
 759, 
 
 736, 
 
 424, 
 
 84, 
 
 482, 
 
 118, 
 
 76, 
 
 73, 
 
 205, 
 
 62, 
 
 42, 
 
 45, 
 
 98, 
 
 258, 
 23, 
 
 1 
 065 95! 
 280 10' 
 095 87 
 069 59! 
 771 18; 
 514 68; 
 999 071 
 339 841 
 219 07: 
 758 47i 
 554 62i 
 162 07 
 996 40l 
 081 87! 
 647 58 
 313 17! 
 302 86 
 717 48 
 751 55: 
 536 14| 
 936 58 
 317 5T 
 657 71; 
 018 45 
 710 77i 
 293 65 
 847 61 
 559 09t 
 838 73 
 133 76 
 865 75 
 635 71 
 148 73 
 208 481 
 383 35 
 077 55 
 627 30 
 796 48 
 559 61 
 851 02 
 544 091 
 634 6OI 
 136 791 
 840 83 
 136 29. 
 858 64' 
 337 84 
 481 91 
 700 65 
 
 58,424 45' 23, 68^ 891,649,891 55 39,533,317 21 41,26.1,317 10 
 
 39,100 87 1 
 
 2, 240 CO, 170, 039 79 211, 441 ::: 
 
 97,585 32 23,683 891,652,132 21 39,703,357 00' 41,476,758 42
 
 liKPORT 01' T!iK POSTMASTER-GEXERAL. 
 
 0/ lite Uiiilid St at en for tliejhail ytur ouhd June [W, 1832. 
 
 965 
 
 Exiienditares. 
 
 .01 
 
 $192. Oil 78i 
 128, 327 30 
 
 125. 288 06, 
 384, 808 00; 
 
 44, 238 y?! 
 189. 976 00 
 822, 943 94 1, 
 204, 707 22 
 688, 200 731 
 
 26, 311 07j 
 104. &41 50i 
 107, -.39 47 
 
 82,703 13, 
 126, 45,'". 73 
 
 83, 606 72! 
 143, 690 52: 
 
 58, 317 42; 
 557, 722 21 
 406, 906 36 
 338, 896 06l 
 624. 296 181 
 295. 907 51 
 
 452. 289 36 
 318, XO 52 
 171. m 80' 
 136. 137 04I 
 116, 657 87| 
 114, 836 96' 
 
 98, 705 831 
 
 77. 375 06 
 
 260, 973 05: 
 
 236, 374 08 
 
 56, 477 43 
 
 203, 337 53 
 
 277, 035 62, 
 
 143,091 42 
 
 40, 2.-'l 72 
 
 122,037 99 
 
 43,941 83' 
 
 30, 788 35 
 
 30, 743 47; 
 
 84, 643 62, 
 
 25,994 39 
 
 21,480 30 
 
 18. 191 48 
 
 38, 24-.' 44; 
 
 17^ 51 .. 
 
 4, 465 79 
 
 12, 317 02 
 
 
 o ci u 
 
 a o 
 
 
 $56,916 93 
 
 22, t«S 78' 
 15, 6C2 32i 
 
 349. 217 58 
 32, 810 32' 
 77, 00.', 92 
 
 177, 187 79; 
 54, 1!I3 201 
 
 400, y:t2 14, 
 6. 537 58. 
 92, 600 09| 
 51, 282 30: 
 14, 4»i3 68, 
 19, 640 371 
 13,730 10 
 48, 203 72| 
 10,530 81; 
 
 256, 192 00 
 97,665 15| 
 95, hl3 O81 
 
 439, 652 69 
 80,701 75 
 79, 375 43 
 
 192,352 10 
 51, 445 lU 
 48, 293 CO 
 26, 822 22 
 14,005 18 
 19, 3.'>5 H4 
 58, 752 98 
 67, 789 43 
 
 141,228 971 
 11,550 95i 
 58, 833 881 
 47, 496 021 
 29,419 95! 
 10, 077 73 
 57,784 17| 
 12,780 21i 
 
 3, 457 57| 
 3,116 60 
 
 11,025 60 
 
 4, 90U 34 
 l,(iS4 .W 
 3, 027 48 
 7,7aT 90 
 
 $14, 540 07; 
 
 7,772 30 
 
 2 G4S 37 
 
 2-loiu92 Ott 
 
 26, 412 43 1 
 
 35,244 69 
 
 709, 997 9(» 
 
 74, 179 39' 
 
 371,765 34; 
 
 8,502 5:! I 
 
 76,8{il 12! 
 
 24, 640 80i 
 
 6. 663 40 
 
 '"T.ioo'&il 
 
 20, 664 05j 
 
 'i62,755'66 
 45, 257 54 
 55,984 96 
 
 211.772 89| 
 30, 148 04 
 25, 032 02 
 
 143,'704 41 1 
 35,660 19 
 20, 078 OK 
 5, 114 19 
 
 4,259 95 
 44,834 64 
 15, 131 81 
 74,064 18 
 
 4, 503 75 
 26,274 94 
 
 8, 193 08 
 
 8, 937 49 
 
 "is," 516 90 
 
 $50. 465 50 
 22, 352 80 
 
 15, 766 31 
 2i;9,794 09 
 
 10, 160 76 
 53, 457 51 
 
 404,071 17 
 33, 515 47 
 
 312, 376 47 
 
 8,243 41 
 
 57, 323 92 
 
 64, 497 29 
 
 17. 397 23 
 29, 245 79 
 42, 286 25 
 94, 448 45 
 
 18, 562 Kf 
 559. X9G 67 
 116,926 84 
 116,611 01 
 39-t, 405 97 
 
 6K, 095 77| 
 131,107 91 
 242, 998 08i 
 58,333 45; 
 76, 175 06 
 22, .595 69 
 17, 5n5 11 
 27,59-1 40; 
 28,471 48 
 59, 839 80 
 t5,762 15 
 16,480 73| 
 70, .552 07| 
 81, 761 30' 
 73, 80X 81 
 •J, 029 93 
 37,915 74 
 33, 55 J 02 
 
 16, 840 93 
 4,435 84 
 9,9;iG 41 
 1, 2.58 5(t 
 1,224 22 
 
 324 38; 
 62 03 
 
 $229, 046 47 
 105, 191 03 
 144,935 12 
 447,571 22 
 48, 487 29 
 202,920 17 
 
 1, 897. 388 37 
 3u7,529 71] 
 
 1,009, 504 84 
 27,9i3 92 
 412,316 60 
 596, 937 02' 
 121,799 23. 
 274, 438 :i5: 
 212,521 52 
 411,251 00 
 177,065 81 
 
 l,4,'i3.6-15 41 
 454, .321 83 
 Wl,86:i 04 
 
 1,157, .500 30 
 402,620 72 
 537, 479 6^ 
 933, 656 5:: 
 401,9:!5 39 
 2;t0, 41W ."1 
 :j26, 087 .'-.H 
 2(17,414 90 
 278, 335 06 
 274,078 61 
 8^49. 151 00 
 
 1,106.557 fill 
 200, 111 hn 
 
 371.713 U 
 .5t}9. 064 74 
 070,021 07, 
 1H9, 573 03I 
 4.30, 776 55; 
 278, 494 OM 
 
 94, 183 54' 
 
 130.714 5-4' 
 li;o, 081 on 
 2.55,244 071 
 10<l, 104 36 
 
 5."), 777 47i 
 186. 325 60 
 
 1,30, 077 55 
 297 00 
 
 48, 477 09 
 
 133,40:1 84 , 
 10 00 
 
 95. 377 4 li 
 
 $.'>42,981 41 , 
 2S6, 332 36 . 
 ;«)4,500 18. 
 
 1, 717, 481 49 . 
 162, 129 77 . 
 018, 004 29 . 
 
 5,011,5h9 17 . 
 674, 124 99 . 
 
 2, 782, 779 52 . 
 
 77,598 51. 
 743, 703 22 
 934, 896 88 
 243, 026 70 
 449, 780 24 
 3.59, 305 23 
 718,2.58 64 
 261, 476 k7 
 
 2,970,211 (-9 
 
 1,121.077 72 . 
 
 1,109, 109 65 . 
 
 2. 827, 628 03 . 
 877,433 79 . 
 
 1, 225, 2;<4 36l . 
 
 1,830,991 63; 
 719,171 04I 
 511,7.52 89| 
 497, 277 85, 
 354,742 151 
 42S, 251 68 
 •l.<'!, 512 80 
 
 1, 252. .'■>5 09 
 
 1, 643. !lr6 91*! 
 295, 129 74' 
 736,712 40 . 
 9S«i, .\50 r>oi 
 92.'., s;9 34 
 222,5<iJ 41 1 
 Of.2, 031 35! 
 348.770 II 
 14.5, 2';8 39 
 109,010 45, 
 200, 286 80i 
 2^7.457 3ir 
 184, .553 3.S 
 77,820 81 
 232, 414 93, 
 177 51 . 
 310,485 17 
 10^ 001 43 
 
 si 
 
 •52 
 
 2.148 
 312,734 
 IK, 030 
 135, 098 
 104.6.S7 
 208, 945 
 111, 174 
 240, 494 
 
 107, 973 
 90. 460 
 19, 459 
 
 183, 430 
 
 94, 183 
 ISO. 412 
 
 7.5, 379 
 4.59,019 
 508, 351 
 123, 981 
 
 '2.56," i 67' 
 .501,801 
 
 i:r7, 035 
 
 179,234 
 
 2:10,210 
 
 68,417 
 
 95, 406 
 60. 652 
 
 225, 320 
 141,712 
 32. 084 
 183.550 
 
 $81,084 54 1 
 . ! 72, 'Ml 74 2 
 l!<, .505 69 3 
 . 1, O.-iO. ."-HS 10 4 
 . I 1.54,641 41 5 
 . 201,910 39 
 .2.601,409 9<t 7 
 J 174,214 85 8 
 . 1, 017. 4.39 55 9 
 .1 19,159 96 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 340,873 83 19 
 3, 306 49 20 
 684.308 65 21 
 136, 883 78 22 
 146. 373 35 2.1 
 24 
 
 18 
 
 24 ... 
 24 ... 
 06... 
 95... 
 
 04 ... 
 ."4 . . . 
 
 (»,003 
 M.300 
 
 2«f.. 
 
 78!.. 
 
 ...27 
 
 2JJ 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 22, 400 02 34 
 
 .15 
 
 38 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 SO 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 ".!"... 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 40 
 
 108 33 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 g. 064. 606 50 4, 509. 343 C5 : 
 ""io.7il 22 'i8.'225'84 
 
 . 617, 574 60 4, 003, 044 05 10, 615, 480 54 30, 710. 050 20 S, 184, 090 58 C 
 
 105,208 50 70,060 42 70,080 42l.. 
 
 5,688 18 516 03 ' ] 
 
 no. 254 48 
 
 8, 975, 317 72 4, 527, 569 49 2, 623, 262 74 4, 003, 561 iH 19, 510, 280 95 39, 039. 092 78 5, 1 U, B3« 10 8, 051 tab 9^ 
 
 I : I 1 I I
 
 966 PAPERS ACCOM? ANYINa THE 
 
 No. 3. — Stalemcnt hij ,Slatc8 of the, yoatal receipts and expenditures, ^c. — Conlinued. 
 
 Items of expenditure of a pononil nature not em- 
 braced above. 
 
 Amount paid for foroipn mails and 
 
 expt'UHi'Sdf KOViMiiiiieni aftoiits. ... $300,414 38 
 
 JlalaiK'.os paid forcijin countries 43, 660 2U 
 
 Sliip, stcauilioat, and way letters 1, 444 38 
 
 AVrapping-papcv 19, 00;i 59 
 
 Twiiio 52,754 64 
 
 PoHt-routo niajis 51,914 OU 
 
 Advevtimufi 23,282 74 
 
 Mailbaps and catchers 140,000 07 
 
 Salary and expenses of aaaistaut su- 
 perintendents of the railway mail 
 
 service '. 44,208 11 
 
 Mail locks and keys 105,120 07 
 
 I'ositnmrking and canceling stamps. . 14, 144 30 
 Mail depredations and post-oflice in- 
 spectors 167,579 56 
 
 Letter balances 10,000 00 
 
 Expenses of postage-stamps, stamped 
 
 euveloijos, wrappers and cards 834,134 94 
 
 Dead-letter, ollicial, and registered- 
 package envelopes 72, 474 53 
 
 Sundry and miscellaneous payments . 46, 466 07 
 Total excess of receipts over expendi- 
 tures 1,394,388 92 
 
 3, 333, 995 59 
 
 Items of receipt of a general nature not embraced 
 above. 
 
 Recf ipts on account of dead letters - 
 Receii)t8 on account of fines and 
 
 penalties 
 
 Eeccipis on account of miscellane- 
 ous 
 
 Kevcnue from money-order business 
 Excess of leceipts brought down . . . 
 Excess of transportation accrued. .. 
 
 $7, 657 63 
 
 20, 420 99 
 
 10,799 70 
 
 300, 767 35 
 
 1,836,765 04 
 
 1, 097, 578 22 
 
 3, 333, 995 59
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 967 
 
 No. 4. — Staleinmt sliouiny the coiidilion of the account, uith lach item of the appropriation , 
 for the service of the Fosl-Ojfue Department for thefical mar niiled June :{0, l(i*i. 
 
 Title of appropriationa. 
 
 Ainouut appro- 
 priut.-(l,iiirlii<l. 
 in;; mim Li:il mts 
 andafUcii'iices. 
 
 Expended. 
 
 Balance iin- 
 expended. 
 
 Exi'088 of 
 
 expcudi- 
 ture«. 
 
 Compensation of postmasters 
 
 Compensation of clerks for post-ofticcs. .. 
 
 Compensation of lettor-carriora and inci- 
 dental ezpensea , 
 
 "Wrapping-paper 
 
 Twine , 
 
 Postmarkin i; and canceling stamps 
 
 Letter-balances 
 
 Rent, light, and fael for post-offices 
 
 Stationery 
 
 I'nmitnre for post-offices 
 
 Miscellaneous, olUco of First Assistant 
 Postraaator-General 
 
 Inland mail transportation, railroad 
 
 Inland mail transportation, special facili- 
 ties, railioads , 
 
 Inland mail transportation, star 
 
 Inland mail traiisport.'ition, steamboat. . . 
 
 Transportation by postal-cars 
 
 Compensation of railway post-oflice clerks. 
 
 Compensation of route-njronts 
 
 Compensation of niail-roule mosseugera 
 
 Compensation of local agents 
 
 Compensation of mail-messeugera 
 
 Mail locks and keys 
 
 Mall-baKs and catchers 
 
 Post-route maps 
 
 Mail depredations and post-office inspectors 
 
 Postage-stamps 
 
 Distribution of postage-stamps 
 
 Stamped envelopes and newspaper wrap- 
 pers 
 
 Distribution of stamped envelopes and 
 newspaper wrappers 
 
 Postal cards 
 
 Distribution of postal cards 
 
 Kegistered, official, and doad-letter envel- 
 opes 
 
 Ship, steamboat, and way letters 
 
 Engraving, printing, and binding drafts 
 and warrants 
 
 Advertising , 
 
 Miscellaneous, office of the Postmaster- 
 General 
 
 Foreign mail transportation 
 
 Balances due foreign countries 
 
 Wiscelhiueous, oliiirof tho Second Assist- 
 ant l'o«tfn:i8tcr-(;ent'ral 
 
 Miscellaneous, office of the Third Asfist- 
 aiit. I'ostniaster-General 
 
 Befund to New Zealand and Now South 
 Wal.s 
 
 Miscellaneous, money-ord^r building 
 
 Kent, luoney-ordor building 
 
 Furniture, iiioney-order building 
 
 $«, 992, 200 88 
 3, 950, 000 00 
 
 2, 025, 000 00 
 25, 000 00 
 55, 000 00 
 1.1,000 00 
 10, 000 00 
 4L'5, 000 (10 
 50, 000 00 
 
 20, 000 00 
 
 90,000 00 
 
 10, 008, 282 00 
 
 42.5, 000 00 
 
 7, 900, 000 00 
 
 «L'5, 000 00 
 
 1, 420, 000 00 
 
 1, 590, 000 00 
 
 1, 320, 000 00 
 
 200, 000 00 
 
 1.50, 000 00 
 
 77.5, 7.50 00 
 
 2.5, 000 00 
 
 200, 000 OU 
 
 51, 9M CO 
 
 175, 000 00 
 
 105, 000 00 
 
 8, 100 00 
 
 515,000 00 
 
 10, 000 00 
 
 290, 000 00 
 
 7, 300 00 
 
 120, 000 00 
 
 4, 500 00 
 
 1, 014 35 
 
 35, 000 00 
 
 2. 000 00 
 
 295, 000 00 
 
 45, 0'JO 00 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 40, 000 00 
 
 3, 000 00 
 
 8, 000 00 
 
 10,000 00 
 
 $8, 904, 070 72 
 3, 908, 300 00 
 
 2, 023, 202 74 
 19,993 59 
 52,7.54 01 
 14, 144 30 
 10, 000 00 
 401.978 04 
 50,517 28 
 20, 710 04 
 
 08, 504 70 
 10, 280, 085 00 
 
 381, 
 
 5, 704, 
 
 503, 
 
 1, 303, 
 
 1, 574, 
 
 1,321, 
 
 189, 
 
 149, 
 
 713, 
 
 8, 
 
 197, 
 
 51, 
 
 100, 
 
 103, 
 
 51o! 
 
 .533 75 
 400 33 
 504 70 
 407 30 
 031 97 
 901 57 
 380 00 
 228 74 
 003 95 
 7.36 37 
 038 95 
 914 00 
 5.51 25 
 945 23 
 051 40 
 399 45 
 
 14,711 20 
 
 191, 204 02 
 6, 755 19 
 
 72, 474 53 
 1,444 38 
 
 1,044 35 
 .35,254 bi 
 
 1, 107 05 
 278, .351 00 
 21, 733 34 
 
 477 71 
 
 292 22 
 
 30, 000 00 
 •J, 997 01 
 1 , 999 9H 
 6,2.V.' 18 
 
 $■-'7, .530 10 
 41,003 40 
 
 1,737 20 
 
 .5,000 41 
 
 2, 245 36 
 
 855 70 
 
 23, 021 90 
 
 $0, 517 28 
 710 C4 
 
 21, 405 24 
 322, 197 00 
 
 43. 
 
 2,194, 
 
 301. 
 
 122, 
 
 15. 
 
 460 25 
 5.n 07 
 495 24 
 592 70 
 968 03 
 
 610 94 
 771 26 
 146 05 
 203 03 
 901 05 
 
 8, 448 75 
 
 1.054 77 
 1.048 54 
 4, 000 55 
 
 1, 288 80 
 
 104, 735 98 
 544 81 
 
 47,525 47 
 
 3. 055 02 
 
 892 95 
 16,649 00 
 23,260 GO 
 
 622 29 
 
 707 78 
 
 10,000 00 
 
 ^ 99 
 
 0,000 02 
 
 4, 747 Ki 
 
 1.961 67 
 
 254 54 
 
 Totals . 
 
 43, 542, 097 83 , 40, 039, 034 75 3, t03, 003 08 
 
 9,450 03
 
 968 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 No. f). — Slaiement in (Utdil of miHcellancouis paymmia made hy ilie rosl-Office Uepartmtnt 
 for the f(ncal }icar mdal JinicliO, 1882, <ind rharr/ed to " MinceJlaiieoua Jccottut, I'ofit- 
 nutikr- General." 
 
 AMOUNTS PAID UY WAllEAXT. 
 
 Date. 
 
 To •whom allowed. 
 
 I'or what object. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 1881. 
 July 13 
 
 Aug.lO 
 
 1882. 
 Jan. 5 
 
 Mar. 
 
 July 10 
 
 10 
 
 JO 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 24 
 
 Aus.23 
 
 26 
 
 r. B. Conjrer, treasurer of the Na- 
 
 tioDfil Ill-publican Printiufc Co. 
 John K. Van Wornicr, chief clerk of 
 
 Ihe PosT-Oflico Department. 
 John K. Van Worm tr, cliief clerk of 
 
 the Post-OflBce Depai-tment. 
 FrankB. Conger, treasurerof theXa- 
 
 tional Ivepublicau Printing Co. 
 
 Frank B. Conger, Iroasurerof the Na- 
 tional liepublicau Printing Co. 
 John C. Parker 
 
 New York Herald 
 
 "W. F. Storey, proprietor of the Chi- 
 cago Times. 
 
 Keppler &. Schwarzman, proprietors 
 of Puck. 
 
 "Wm. Penn Nixon, publisher of the 
 
 Inter- Ocean. 
 •M. E. Mann 
 
 "Wra. "W. Moore, treasm-er of the 
 Metropolitan Kailioad Co. 
 
 Horace Publee, editor of the Pepuh- 
 lican-Sentinel. 
 
 The Globe Printing Company, of 
 Saint Louis, Mo. 
 
 Kand, McNaUy &:, Co 
 
 For one year's subscription to paper from 
 July 1, 1881, to June 30, 1882. 
 
 For hotel bills and incidental expenses dur- 
 ing August, 1881. 
 
 For railroad fares and hotel bills during 
 Augu.st, 1881. 
 
 For subscription to paper from July 1 to 
 August 20, 1881. 
 
 For subscription to paper from July 1 to 
 
 Augu.st20, 1881. 
 For subscription to the New York Tribune 
 
 from July 1 to December 31. 1881. 
 For subscription to paper from February 
 
 11 to June 30, 1882. 
 For subscription to paper from .Januai-v 1 
 
 to June 30, 1882. 
 For.'iubscription to Puck fiom Februarv 8 
 
 to June 28, 1882. 
 For subscription to the Inter-Ocean from 
 
 February 13 to June 30, 1882. 
 For copy of Ameiican Cyclopedia and An- 
 nual Cyclopedia. 
 For car tickets for use of the Post-Office 
 
 Department. 
 For subscription from January 1 to June 
 
 30, 1882. 
 For subscription to Glote-Democrat from 
 
 Februarv If) to June 30, 1882. 
 For Atlas of the World, June 30, 1882 
 
 $G 00 
 
 7 00 
 
 7 00 
 
 86 
 
 8G 
 
 7 r.0 
 
 4 00 
 C .50 
 
 2 10 
 
 3 7.5 
 126 00 
 100 00 
 
 5 00 
 
 4 M 
 30 no 
 
 Total paid by warrant 1 $311 07 
 
 AMOUNTS CREDITED ON GENERAL ACCOUNT, 
 
 1881. 1 
 Dec. 24 1 J. 0. P. Burnside, disbursing clerk, 
 I Post-Office Department. 
 
 J. O. P. Burnside, disbursing clerk, 
 Post-Offiee Department. 
 
 Nov. 1 
 
 1882. 
 Jan. 13 
 
 J. R. Van Wormer, chief clerk, Post- 
 Office Department. 
 
 J'R. VanWonuer, chief clerk, Post- 
 Office Department. 
 
 Advanced and certified by the Postmast-er- i $560 Ofi 
 General, under date of June 13 and June 
 25, 1881, "to be for legal expenses for [ 
 which it is inexpedient to furnish vouch- 
 ers." 1 
 
 Advanced and certitied by the Postmaster- 563 00 
 
 Geuerel, under date of July and August, 
 18-Sl,"to be for legal expenses for which 
 it is inexpedient to t\iruish vouchers.' 
 
 For amount expended while traveling on 219 4S 
 
 offici.al business, by order of the Post- 
 master-General. 
 
 For amount expended while traveling on 13 50 
 
 official business, by order of the Post- i 
 master-General. | 
 
 Total ■ $1,355 98 
 
 RECAPITULATION 
 
 Total paid by warrant $311 07 
 
 Total credite'd on general account 1, 355 98 
 
 Total "Miscellaneous, Postmaster-General" $1,667 05
 
 KHPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 9G0 
 
 No. 6. — Statement in (htail of miscellanfous paytnenta niade by the I'ont-Office Dcpartrntnt 
 for the fiscal year ended June IW, I8ft2, and chanjed to '' Mince Ilantoui Account, First 
 Assistant J'ostinastei'-Generat." 
 
 AMOUXTS PAID Br WARBANT. 
 
 Bate. 
 
 To whom allowed. 
 
 For what object. Amoant. 
 
 1881. 
 
 
 
 B. D. Ad.sit, principal clerk oalary 
 I and allowance division, Post-Oftico 
 j I)('l»aitiui'ut. 
 10 I II. ,). McKu-sick, superintendent rail- 
 way mail service. 
 -0 ! James E. White, asaiHt.iiit supcrin- 
 wmilcut r.iilway mail MTvice. 
 Sept. 1 [ K. C. .Jackson, superintendent rail- 
 I way mail service. 
 1 I L. M.TeiTell.snperintendeutrailway 
 mail sei'v ire. 
 15 ! R. C. .laekson. saperiutendcnt rail- 
 
 w.ay mail service. 
 15 ' n..T. McKusick. superiutendeut rail- 
 
 w.iy mail service. 
 15 L. M. Terifll. .superintendent railway 
 
 I mail st-rvii^e. 
 15 I M. V. IJailey, KUi>eriuteudeui railway 
 ! mail service'. 
 
 17 ' "W. G. l.ovell. »ni)erintendout railway 
 
 mail service. 
 27 W. 1'.. Thompson, general 8uperiii- 
 tenilent railway mail service. 
 
 27 ' "W. ]i. Thomiison, general superiu- 
 I temjeut railway mail servic*?. 
 
 28 C. J. Kri-iicli, suiJerinteudeut railway 
 
 mail service. 
 28 James E. White, superintendent rail- 
 ' way mail servic*. 
 T. P.Cheuoy. sui)erintondeDt railway 
 
 mail service. 
 T. P. Cheney, superintendent railway 
 
 mail service. 
 The Xatioiial Capital TelephoneCom- 
 
 ])an.v . 
 Jame.s E. Wliite. saperinteudent rail- 
 way mail servic*. 
 B. I). Adsit, principal clerk aalary 
 and allowaiico division, Poat-Oflice 
 Departiiicnt. 
 If 82. 
 Feb. 13 0. n. Irish, Chief Bureau Engrav- 
 ing and Printing. 
 
 18 B. 1>. Adsit. principal clerk aalai^ 
 
 and alliiwaiico division, Post-Uflico 
 Depart :nent. 
 Mar.27 r>. D. Adsit, principal clerk salary 
 and allowaucu division, Post-Olbce 
 Dejiartmi'iit. 
 Apr.28 E. D. .\dsit, princip.il deik aalary 
 aud :illowaiic« diNision, Post-Ultico 
 Department. 
 May 10 r., D. Adsit, principal clerk salary 
 and alhiwauco divi.sion, Po«t-t)flice 
 , Depart uient, 
 June 5 B. D. Adsit, principal clerk salary 
 ' and allowHuco dlvhiion, Pust-Udlce 
 DepartiiH-nt. 
 26 B. I). Ailsit. principal clerk salary 
 I and all(i»anc« iliviaion, Puat-UiUub 
 I Department. 
 
 914 10 
 
 For railroad fare« and hotel billa during 
 July, 1S81. 
 
 For telegrams and miacellaneoua oxpenaea 
 
 during July, ixSl. 
 For telegram's :uid miscellaneous expenaea 
 
 during July, IKHI. 
 For telegrams and hotel expcnRea during 
 
 July, 18»il. 
 For telegrani.s, railroad fares, and hotel bills 
 
 during .Tul-, l.v^l. 
 For ti'legrams. hotel bills, and other ex- 
 
 pt-nses during August. 1H81. 
 For telegrams and iniHcellaneous expeuaes 
 
 during August, IS.'il. 
 For telegrams and miscellaneous oxp<-nse.s 
 
 during August, 18>il, 
 For i-aili-oad and »teanilx»at fares and hotel 
 
 bill.s during August, 1S81. 
 For t<-legi-ams, hotel bills, and other ex- 
 penses during .\ugURt. 181*1. 
 For railroad and hotel farea iloring July, 
 
 1881. 
 For railroad ami hotel fares during Augnst, { 
 
 1881. I 
 
 For i-ailroad fares, telegrams, and hotel biUa I 
 
 during August, 18t<l. I 
 
 For telegrams. Imtel fares, and miscenane- 
 
 OU8 expenses during -Vugust, 18.<<1. 
 For printing lime cards and for telegrams 
 
 during July. 1881. 
 For railroad fares, telegrams, and hotel bills 
 
 during August, l&fl. ' 
 
 For rent of telophone for the quarter ended 
 
 Septeml^r ;W. 1881. 
 For telegrams, hutel bills, and mlsrellane- 
 
 Ous expenses iliiring .lune. 1H81. 
 For railroad fares, hotel bills, ice, during 
 
 October, 1881. 
 
 For altering dies, printing, numbering, and 
 binding 1J5 iuspi-ctors' commissions. 
 
 For railroad and hotel fares during Febru- 
 ary, 1882. 
 
 For railpjad aud hotel fares during Ifarcb, 
 1882. 
 
 For railroad fares and hotel bills during 
 April, 1»>S2. 
 
 For railroad and hotel fares and telegrams 
 during May, 1882. 
 
 For railmad and hotel fares and mlscellone- 
 ous expenses during May. 1882. 
 
 For hotel fares and railroad expenses dar- 
 ing June, 18«:2. 
 
 Total paid by warrant , 1,329 74 
 
 21 55 
 
 32 93 
 
 154 99 
 
 79 C8 
 
 57 00 
 
 Gl 01 
 
 73 92 
 
 90 (C, 
 
 97 85 
 
 20 85 
 
 17 00 
 
 109 71 
 
 88 35 
 
 28 82 
 
 54 38 
 
 81 25 
 
 12 61 
 
 4C 70 
 
 125 00 
 
 8 25 
 
 15 25 
 
 16 .'-0 
 
 17 10 
 
 18 tK) 
 
 25 
 
 AM(>UNTS PAID BY DRAFT. 
 
 Aug. 10 M. V. Bailev, superintendent railway 
 I mail sen'ice. 
 Willard (j. Lovell, supe^rintendent 
 railway mail service. 
 
 For hoti'I fnrr* printing •cbednlea. and tel 
 
 eii , luly, 1881. 
 
 Foi ' > I Iro'ad fares, and hotel bills 
 
 du. --l. 
 
 •67 
 
 Total paid by draft 167 17
 
 970 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANTINO THE 
 
 No. 0. — Statement in detail of miscellaneous paymetils, ^c — Continuod. 
 AMOUNTS CREDITED POSTMASTERS ON THEIR GENERAL ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Date. 
 
 1882. 
 Mar.23 
 
 Oct. 21 
 
 Nov.12 
 
 19 
 Dec. 16 
 Jan. 17 
 Feb. 2 
 
 10 
 Mar. 20 
 
 20 
 
 28 
 
 June C 
 
 12 
 
 27 
 
 Aug. 1 
 
 16 
 
 Sept.21 
 
 22 
 
 30 
 
 To whom allowed. 
 
 Tlionia.s L. James, postii 'aster at New 
 
 York. 
 Sauiuol Hays, postmaster at Saint 
 
 I^oiiia, Mo. 
 E. It. AA'^ise, postmaster at Warren, 
 
 Ohio. 
 C. E. Carr, postmaster at G alesburgh, 
 
 111. 
 J. H. Manley, postmaster at Augusta, 
 
 Me. 
 W. N. Byers, postmaster at Denver, 
 
 Colo. 
 John P. Chira, postmaster at Tomb- 
 
 stono, Ariz. 
 Samuel Hays, postmaster at Saint 
 
 Louis, Mo. 
 S. M. Yost, postmaster at Staunton, 
 
 Va. 
 S. M. Yost, postmaster at Staunton, 
 
 Va. 
 
 "W. N. Byers, postmaster at Denver, 
 
 Colo. 
 S. M. Yost, postmaster at Staunton, 
 
 Va. 
 James T. Pritchard. postmaster at 
 
 Eredericksburgh, Va. 
 
 E. R. Wise, postmaster at Warren, 
 Ohio. 
 
 H. G. Pearson, postmaster at New 
 York, N. Y. 
 
 Thomas F. Hall, postmaster at Oma- 
 ha, Nebr. 
 
 F. Lowry, postmaster at Dayton, 
 Ohio. 
 
 Lew is McKenzie, postmaster at Alex- 
 andria, Va. 
 
 J. K. Dawes, postmaster at Easton, 
 Pa. 
 
 For what object. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 For amount paid for tracks in iirst quarter, 
 
 1.S80. 
 For rent of telephone in third quarter, 1881. 
 
 For amount of freight on safe, second quar- 
 ter, 1881. 
 
 For rent of telephone and carpenters' work, 
 second quarter, 1871. 
 
 For miscellaneous expenses, third quarter, 
 1881. 
 
 For rent of telephone, third quarter, 1881 . . . 
 
 For amount allowed for hauling, second 
 
 quarter, 1881. 
 For rent of telephone for fourth quarter, 
 
 1881. 
 For water-rent, oil, and moving post-offlce 
 
 fixtures, fourth quarter, 1879. 
 For gas-fittings, water-rent, &c., third and 
 
 fourth quarters, 1880, and second quarter, 
 
 1881. 
 For rent of telephone during fourth quarter, 
 
 1881. 
 For work and materials in moving poat- 
 
 office, second quarter, 1880. 
 For repairs to safe dirring first quarter, 
 
 1882. 
 For horse and buggy hire in first quarter, 
 
 1882. 
 For amount of attorney's fees in suit against 
 
 postmaster at New York. 
 For printing letter slips and heads, second 
 
 quarter, l882. 
 For amount for repairing closet, first quar- 
 ter, 1881. 
 For amount paid for ice, second quarter, 
 
 1881. 
 For amount expended in cleaning office, 
 
 second quarter, 1882. 
 
 Total. 
 
 $150 00 
 
 20 00 
 23 50 
 35 93 
 
 138 20 
 
 13 50 
 40 00 
 
 22 50 
 
 14 40 
 14 51 
 
 13 50 
 
 71 00 
 
 5 00 
 
 2 00 
 
 23 74 
 
 21 50 
 
 3 14 
 10 00 
 21 12 
 
 643 56 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Amount allowed to the postmasters at the principal post-offices, credited in quarterly accounts cur- 
 rent, for incidental expenses, such as of&ce repairs, gas-fixtures, telegrams, &c. : 
 
 Third quarter, 1881 $15,312 14 
 
 Fourth quarter, 1881 15,727 85 
 
 First quarter, 1882 14,711 73 
 
 Second quarter, 1882 21,006 54 
 
 Total 66,758 26 
 
 Amount paid by warrant $1,329 74 
 
 Amount paid by draft 107 17 
 
 Amount allowed postmasters and others, credited on general accounts 643 56 
 
 2, 140 47 
 
 Total 68,898 73 
 
 Deduct amount of counter-entries 4 00 
 
 Amouutaetuallypaidand charged to "Miscellaneous, First Assistant Postmaster-General". 68,894 73
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 971 
 
 No. 7. — Slalevient in defml of miscellaneous paijments ntade by the Foat-Office JJepartntent 
 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882, and charged to '^Minccllaneoua Account, Second 
 Assistant I'ostmastcr-Uencral." 
 
 AMOUNTS PAID BY WARRANT. 
 
 Date. 
 
 To whom allowed. 
 
 For what ohject. 
 
 Amonnt. 
 
 1881. 
 Aiig.lG 
 
 Oct. 10 
 
 Dec. 3 
 
 Isaac C. Sla1<!r, Rupniiiiteudent rail- 
 way adjiistineut.s. 
 
 Ihiuiu C. Slatei-, Hupeiiutendeut mil- 
 wuj' ud.jaHtnicuts. 
 
 John C. I'uiker 
 
 For personal pxl>cnso.^ incurred iitidcr onlcr 
 of tlio Poslina-stcrfii-iicral of .Inly I'J, lh«l. 
 
 For railruatl furc:i and hotel hilU during; Oc- 
 toher, 1881. 
 
 For subscription to New York Tribune 
 from July 1 to December 31, 1681. 
 
 Fur railroad faros and hotel bills during Jan- 
 
 \uuy, 1H«2. 
 Forninkinj: brass scaI for marking propo- 
 sals, December. ISSl. 
 For Heven (7) days' services on treading 
 
 jiriiitinK-prc-ss. .)auuar>', 1882. 
 For seven (7) days «ervices on treadiu-; 
 
 priiitin;;-press, .January, 1882. 
 For ])resM work iu stamping bids for 1882, 
 
 durint; January, 18^2. 
 For subscription" to Now York Tribune and 
 
 New York Times from December 22, 1881, 
 
 to July 1, 1882. 
 For railroad fares and hotel bills incurred 
 
 during April, 1882. 
 
 For subscription to the New York Times 
 from January 1 to June 30. 1882. 
 
 For expenses incurred in the examination 
 of the postal sen-ice in Horlda during No- 
 vember and December, 1881. 
 
 $00 00 
 4 U5 
 12 DO 
 
 1882. 
 Jan. 10 
 
 
 17 90 
 
 13 
 20 
 
 0. 11. Irish, Chief of Bureau of Eo- 
 
 jrr.iving and Priutinji. 
 Thomas Sisclo 
 
 10 00 
 14 00 
 
 20 
 
 James I. Milea 
 
 14 00 
 
 24 
 
 Byron S.Adams.... . .............. 
 
 25 60 
 
 May 8 
 
 Jun22 
 
 July! 
 6 
 
 J. Bradley Adams 
 
 15 90 
 
 Walter Sparcler, clerk iu tlio iu- 
 spectiou division of the Second Ah- 
 flidtnnt Postmaster-General's Office 
 
 33 00 
 7 00 
 
 E. A. Elmer, Second Assistant Post- 
 master-General. 
 
 63 26 
 
 
 277 71 
 
 
 
 
 AMOUNT CREDITED ON GENERAL ACCOUNT. 
 
 1882. 
 Jan 30 
 
 Walter Spaugler, clerk in the inspec- 
 tion division of the Post-OUice De- 
 partmeut. 
 
 For amount allowed for personal expenses 
 while on buitiness for tue Post-OlUce Do- 
 partiueut, Juue, 1882. 
 
 Total 
 
 Total Miscell.nneous. Second Assistant 
 I'ustniaittor-General. 
 
 $200 00 
 
 200 00 
 477 7l
 
 5372 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 No, 8. — Stalemenl in detail of m'lHcMancoun paymenU made by the Post-OJJice Depart- 
 ment far (he Jitirjil year ended June 30, IHe^, and charijed to ^' Alincellaneoua Account, 
 Third Assibtant I'ostmasler-Gcneral." 
 
 AMOUNTS PAH) BY WARRANT. 
 
 Date. 
 
 :881. 
 Dec. 3 
 
 1882. 
 Jan. 5 
 
 Feb. 9 
 
 Mar. 8 
 
 To whom allowed. 
 
 John C. Parker. 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 JnlylO 
 
 10 
 
 A. D. Hazcii, Tliird Assistant Post- 
 mastei--GenevaL 
 
 E. J. Dallas, chief of deatl-letter 
 division. 
 
 D.and J. Sadller & Co 
 
 George P. Rowell & Co 
 
 T. Cotcsworth Pinckuey 
 
 Henry A. Hazen 
 
 Rand, McNaUy &. Co 
 
 S. E. Cassiuo 
 
 The Presbyterian Board of Publica- 
 tion. 
 
 B. Griffith, seerot.ary of the Ameri- 
 can Baptist Publication Society. 
 
 Henry Fleetwood 
 
 John C. Parker '. 
 
 For what object. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 For subscription to New York Times from $7 50 
 
 July 1 to December 31, 1881. 
 
 For personal expenses while on official busi- 
 ness, SepteiubtT, 1881. 
 
 For travebng expenses under order of Third 
 Assistant Postmaster-General, January, 
 1882. 
 
 For cloth Directory (Catholic), February, 
 1882, for use of dead-letter office. 
 
 For cojiy of American Newspaper Directory, 
 January, 1882, for use of dead-letter 
 office. 
 
 For United States school and college dircc- 
 toiies, Jann.arv, 1882 — dead-letter office. 
 
 For copy of iliiiistry and Churclies of New 
 Hamp.shiro, for use of dead-letter office. 
 
 For two atlases for use of dead-letter office. 
 
 For copy of S<;ientists' Directoiy, January, 
 18t'2, for use of dead-letter otbce. 
 
 For two copies of Minutes for use of dead- 
 letter office. 
 
 For two copies Baptist Year Book, Febru- 
 ary, 1882 — dead-letter office. 
 
 For copy of K.iud & McN.illy's indexed at- 
 las, .J lily, 1882, for use of (lead-letter office. 
 
 For subscription to New York Tribune from 
 January 1 to June 30, 1682. 
 
 Total paid by warrant I 292 22 
 
 138 00 
 
 G6 50 
 
 1 50 
 
 5 00 
 
 5 00 
 
 1 50 
 
 27 00 
 2 60 
 
 2 22 
 
 1 00 
 
 27 00 
 
 7 50
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 973 
 
 No. 9. — Table sliotcing the receipis, expenditures, and vet revcntie of the post-offices at uhlch 
 ihcfrce-ddircnj sijutcm is in operation, for the fiscal year ended June 30, lf'c2. 
 
 Offices. 
 
 Grosa rev- 
 enue. 
 
 OflSce ei- 
 pensea. 
 
 Free delir- 
 ery. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Total ex- . u-etrf-Tenne i »^P«nse 
 penses. | «" revenue, ^j^g^f^ 
 
 revenue. 
 
 Akron, Ohio 
 
 Albany. N.Y 
 
 AJlejrlienv, Pa 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Auburn, N. Y 
 
 Aii;justa, Ga 
 
 An^ista, Me 
 
 iJaltiuioro. Md 
 
 )5an{:or, JIo 
 
 Blooiiiiniiton, 111 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 Bridpt-port, Conn . .. 
 
 Brooklyn. N.Y 
 
 Bdflalo. X. Y 
 
 Biiilin^ton, Iowa... 
 
 Burlington, Vt 
 
 Cam<U'n, N.J 
 
 Charleston, S. 
 
 Chirajjo, III 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio .... 
 
 Clcvel.and, Ohio 
 
 ColumbiiH. Ohio 
 
 Concord, X. TI 
 
 Coviuf^rton, Kv 
 
 Dallas, Tex..". 
 
 1 )avenport, Iowa 
 
 IJayton, Ohio 
 
 Denver. Colo 
 
 DcM Moines, Iowa... 
 
 Detroit, Mich 
 
 Dubuque, Iowa 
 
 JCastou, I'a 
 
 Elizabeth, N.J 
 
 Kluiira, N. Y 
 
 Krio, Pa 
 
 Evansville, Ind 
 
 Fall Kivcr, Mass 
 
 Fort Wayne, Ind . .. 
 
 Galveston, Tex 
 
 'rrand Kapids, Mich. 
 
 llarrislmr;;h, Pa 
 
 Hartford, Conn 
 
 Iloboken. N.J 
 
 Houston, Tex 
 
 liidi.Tnnpolis, Ind ... 
 
 JaoUson. Mich 
 
 Jersey City. X.J... 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 La Fayptte". Ind 
 
 Lancaster, Pn 
 
 Lawrence, Mass .... 
 
 I,cHdville,Colo 
 
 I>eavenworth, Kana. 
 Little Rock, Ark..., 
 
 Louisville, Ky 
 
 Lowell. Mn.ss 
 
 Lvnu, Mass 
 
 M.'icon, tia 
 
 Manchester. N. H... 
 
 Mansfield, Ohio 
 
 .Memphis, Tenn 
 
 ^lorideii, Conn 
 
 ^lilwaiikcM', Wis 
 
 Minneapolis, .Minn.. 
 
 Mol.lhv Ala 
 
 Xiwihvill". Ti-iin 
 
 X^owark. X. .1 
 
 X'^ew Bcslford, )Iass. 
 Xew Uaven, ("onn .. 
 Xow ( )rleuns. I.,a. . . . 
 New York. N. Y.... 
 
 Norfolk. V» 
 
 (•akland. Cal 
 
 Ouuihn, Nebr 
 
 t»8we(to,N. Y 
 
 I'atorson, N.J 
 
 Peoria, HI. 
 
 $:W, 892 82 
 
 160,573 31 
 
 34, 82« 12 
 
 92, 4I)U 10 
 
 34. 304 95 
 
 3 J, 393 49 
 
 8«, 371 74 
 
 49<}, 491 24 
 
 29, 070 22 
 
 33, 9,'j8 on 
 
 1,405, 12<i 99 
 
 52. 2«0 62 
 
 290, 737 85 
 
 268, 827 94 
 
 45,480 75 
 
 24,431 92 
 
 23, 294 31 
 
 73, 390 51 
 
 1, 738, 807 23 
 
 595, .583 38 
 
 289, 774 60 
 
 108, 657 31 
 
 27,983 10 
 
 19, 502 24 
 
 .^6, 245 46 
 
 3H,403 76 
 
 69, 413 32 
 
 143, 078 70 
 
 77, 602 52 
 
 294, 307 47 
 
 42, 231 69 
 
 22,083 26 
 
 32, 083 26 
 
 43, 651 98 
 38, 820 37 
 37, 917 03 
 30, 150 95 
 36. 092 02 
 70, 1.57 91 
 71,560 60 
 48, 072 90 
 
 129, 468 40 
 14,294 15 
 42, 780 30 
 
 1H7, 001 10 
 26. :i03 02 
 60, 798 48 
 
 167, 603 21 
 28, 443 44 
 32, 347 79 
 30,604 .39 
 
 44. 723 01 
 27,861 84 
 32, 423 32 
 
 221). 602 50 
 6<!,751 63 
 42, .'m IK 
 26, 164 47 
 32, 320 02 
 25.952 11 
 77,06.5 71 
 28,618 43 
 231,849 47 
 120, :'i07 52 
 47, 748 47 
 92, 25;{ 71 
 12H, 360 44 
 34,649 10 
 115, &49 05 
 2fifi, 284 79 
 4, 200, 066 07 
 40,430 75 
 33,921 .50 
 86, 158 28 
 26, 814 25 
 32,512 89 
 67, 237 68 
 
 $7, 184 05 
 37, 791 49 
 
 7, 810 96 
 14,809 93 
 
 8, 543 77 
 
 9, 952 63 
 19, 106 49 
 85. 396 29 
 
 8, 467 80 
 
 8, 730 17 
 256, 793 68 
 
 11,2.57 61 
 60, 953 90 
 30,005 19 
 
 9, 140 29 
 
 5, 856 08 
 
 6, 306 82 
 12,421 92 
 
 344,073 06 
 104, 447 59 
 40, 087 29 
 18,783 95 
 
 7, 348 65 
 
 5, 532 56 
 10, 090 70 
 
 9, 3->0 17 
 13, 325 13 
 27.481 23 
 10.540 20 
 38, !:29 52 
 
 8, 345 75 
 
 6, 403 83 
 7, 110 12 
 
 11,413 48 
 
 9, 048 26 
 
 10,657 05 
 
 8, 137 18 
 
 10, 033 54 
 
 15. 628 45 
 
 10,389 73 
 
 1.5, 427 82 
 
 22, 620 25 
 
 3. 9.52 05 
 
 13. 0.58 78 
 3ti, 807 75 
 
 0. 665 90 
 10, 942 04 
 24. b74 05 
 
 8, 8.'!0 43 
 
 7, 186 00 
 
 8, 028 41 
 18, 332 70 
 
 8, 292 60 
 10. 909 02 
 3;!. 8»6 45 
 
 9.973 84 
 
 7, 445 .50 
 
 8, 049 33 
 7. 1.58 (il 
 II, 008 05 
 
 20, H«8 3.3 
 0.018 91 
 :i,'!,073 68 
 24,234 Ki 
 14,444 .59 
 17,887 14 
 
 14. 944 46 
 6,120 .'V) I 
 
 19,389 irj ] 
 
 57.919 47 
 
 874.871 21 1 
 
 9, 8.18 21 
 11.945 95 
 17,954 12 
 
 0,488 9t j 
 
 0.434 33 ; 
 
 11,110 23 I 
 
 $3, 359 95 
 27,041 5,5 
 9, 345 03 
 0, 9.37 47 
 4. 774 44 
 
 4, 453 78 
 2. 639 87 
 
 76,861 11 
 
 3, 400 00 
 
 5, 144 59 
 185, 267 51 
 
 5,639 11 
 
 104, -285 76 
 
 35, 247 03 
 
 5,690 96 
 
 2, 048 37 
 
 .5, 921 80 
 
 7,160 64 
 
 187,486 00 
 
 75, .5«0 28 
 
 30, 561 21 
 12, 274 82 
 
 2,704 81 
 4, 652 21 
 
 4, 264 08 
 
 6, 829 12 
 10, 852 16 
 
 9, 231 85 
 
 7, 061 94 
 Xi, 1.54 17 
 
 0, 450 00 
 
 5, 744 61 
 5, 336 78 
 5, 855 43 
 e, 787 83 
 6,643 92 
 
 5, 542 42 
 
 6, 345 37 
 
 6, 126 03 
 8, 126 11 
 5, 400 00 
 9, 713 48 
 3, 482 68 
 4,741 70 
 
 27, 857 28 
 3,977 26 
 21,478 80 
 16,506 56 
 4, 251 30 
 4,9.30 4G 
 7,927 11 
 4, 285 05 
 3,693 20 
 
 4. 2.59 95 
 
 31, 007 98 
 9, 12S 59 
 8,120 87 
 3, 372 80 
 :>, 007 55 
 2,508 90 
 
 11,068 00 
 
 3, 400 00 
 
 30, 148 04 
 
 12. 321 69 
 
 5.114 19 
 9, (110 08 
 
 2.5, 284 01 
 
 7.115 91 
 16, 492 10 
 44, 8.34 64 
 
 457,790 41 
 
 5. 509 00 
 
 7, G42 41 
 
 8, 937 49 
 .M16 17 
 7.146 51 
 7, 170 38 
 
 $10, .544 00 
 
 $20, 348 82 
 
 64, 83:1 04 
 
 0.5, 740 27 
 
 17,155 99 
 
 17, 672 13 
 
 21,747 40 
 
 70, 748 70 
 
 13,318 21 
 
 20, 986 74 
 
 14.406 41 
 
 20, 987 08 
 
 21, 746 36 
 
 W, 625 38 
 
 162, 2.57 40 
 
 334, 2;« 84 
 
 11,867 80 
 
 17,202 42 
 
 13,874 76 
 
 20, 083 33 
 
 442,061 19 
 
 963, 065 80 
 
 16, 896 72 
 
 35, 363 90 
 
 165, 239 66 
 
 125.498 19 
 
 65. 852 22 
 
 202. 975 72 
 
 14, 837 25 
 
 30, 643 50 
 
 8,504 45 
 
 i 15. 927 47 
 
 12. 228 62 
 
 11,005 69 
 
 19, 5f-2 56 
 
 ! 53, 807 95 
 
 r.32, 159 06 
 
 ! 1, 206, 048 17 
 
 ISO, 027 87 
 
 415, 555 51 
 
 77, 218 50 
 
 212, 5J6 10 
 
 31, 058 77 
 
 77, 598 54 
 
 10, 053 46 
 
 17, 929 64 
 
 10, 184 77 
 
 9,317 47 
 
 14,3>4 78 
 
 21, 890 68 
 
 16, 149 29 
 
 22, 254 47 
 
 24, 177 29 
 
 45, 236 03 
 
 36, 713 08 
 
 106, 365 62 
 
 17, 602 14 
 
 60, 000 38 
 
 71, 383 09 
 
 222,923 78 
 
 1.3, 795 75 
 
 28, 435 94 
 
 12, 148 44 
 
 9, 934 82 
 
 12. 446 90 
 
 19, 636 36 
 
 17, 268 91 
 
 26, 383 07 
 
 15, 836 09 
 
 22, 984 28 
 
 17, 300 97 
 
 20, 616 06 
 
 13. 679 60 
 
 10,471 35 
 
 10, 378 91 
 
 19,713 11 
 
 21, 7.54 48 
 
 54. 403 43 
 
 18, 515 84 
 
 5ii, 044 76 
 
 20, 827 82 
 
 27, 245 08 
 
 32, 333 73 
 
 97, 134 67 
 
 7, 434 73 
 
 6, 859 42 
 
 17, 800 48 
 
 24, 985 82 
 
 65, 725 03 
 
 101, 336 07 
 
 10, 643 16 
 
 15, 749 86 
 
 32, 421 44 
 
 34, 377 04 
 
 41.380 00 
 
 126, 222 61 
 
 13,081 73 
 
 15,361 71 
 
 12,116 40 
 
 20,231 33 
 
 1.5,955 .5-.' 
 
 14, W8 87 
 
 22, 617 75 
 
 22, 105 86 
 
 11,985 80 
 
 1.5.876 04 
 
 l.'i, 168 97 
 
 17. 254 35 
 
 04,854 43 
 
 155, 748 07 
 
 19, 102 43 
 
 47, «49 20 
 
 1.5, 506 37 
 
 26, 767 81 
 
 12,022 13 
 
 14, 142 34 
 
 12,226 16 
 
 20, 094 40 
 
 8,517 01 
 
 17, 435 10 
 
 31, 9.36 33 
 
 4.'., 129 38 
 
 9,418 91 
 
 19. 199 52 
 
 6.3,221 72 
 
 ltW.627 75 
 
 36, 5:.6 .52 
 
 ••59,951 00 
 
 19, .558 78 
 
 28, 189 69 
 
 27, 497 82 
 
 M, 7.55 89 
 
 40, 229 07 
 
 88, 131 37 
 
 13,238 41 
 
 21.412 69 
 
 :C., 882 02 
 
 79, 767 93 
 
 102,7.54 11 
 
 103, .5.10 68 
 
 1, 832, 667 02 
 
 2, 867, 398 45 
 
 15.347 21 
 
 31.083 54 
 
 19.588 30 
 
 14.333 14 
 
 2<;. 891 61 
 
 59. 266 67 
 
 11.005 11 1 
 
 15, 209 14 
 
 13, 580 84 ' 
 
 18. 932 05 
 
 18, 289 CI i 
 
 48,948 07
 
 974 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 No. 9. — Tailo showing the receipts, expenditures, and net revenue, ^c— Continued. 
 
 Otflce. 
 
 Pliilii'lclpliia, Pa.... 
 
 Pittsl)ur(;li, V* 
 
 Portlniul, Me 
 
 Poithuiil, Ou^g 
 
 I'otlRville, Pa 
 
 Providcuce, K.I 
 
 QiiiiK^v. Ill 
 
 Ueadiiijr. Pa 
 
 Kiclunoiid, Iiid 
 
 Ilirliniond, Va 
 
 Uocliester, N. Y 
 
 Sacrampato, CaL 
 
 Saint Joseph, Mo — 
 
 Saint Lonia, Mo 
 
 Saint Paul, Minn 
 
 Salem, Mass 
 
 San Fiauciaco, Cal.. 
 
 Savannah. Ga 
 
 SprinKfield, 111 
 
 Springfield, Masa... 
 
 Spriugtield. Ohio 
 
 Syrai-iise, N. Y 
 
 Terre Haute, Ind . . . 
 
 Toledo, Ohio 
 
 Topeka, Kans 
 
 Trenton, 'H.J 
 
 Troy, N. T 
 
 TJtica, N. Y 
 
 Washington. D. C... 
 Wheeling, AY. Va... 
 
 Wilmington, Del 
 
 Worcester, Masa 
 
 ZauesviUe, Ohio. . . . 
 
 Total 
 
 Grose rev- 
 enue. 
 
 $1!), 
 1.4 
 
 326, 
 98 
 .54! 
 15, 
 
 :i9, 
 
 182, 
 41 
 44 
 2(i 
 
 112 
 
 109, 
 43 
 68: 
 
 760, 
 
 149 
 25 
 
 509, 
 64, 
 34 
 75 
 52 
 
 110, 
 35 
 
 117: 
 50, 
 51 
 88, 
 C3 
 
 257 
 42, 
 47 
 92 
 23, 
 
 , 489 03 
 ,494 95 
 , 682 25 
 ,277 14 
 , R70 97 
 ., 358 70 
 I, 010 63 
 , 809 81 
 ,439 87 
 800 59 
 , 979 29 
 , 094 68 
 , 764 25 
 ,964 37 
 , 910 95 
 ,, 592 21 
 , 830 84 
 , 456 78 
 , 767 79 
 ,004 49 
 , 158 80 
 ,, 117 22 
 , 839 66 
 ,463 33 
 , 180 43 
 , 702 12 
 , 121 34 
 , 250 61 
 , 358 68 
 , 768 58 
 , 049 67 
 , 897 .54 
 , 353 26 
 , 187 69 
 , 841 88 
 
 Office ex- 
 X)enseB. 
 
 $6, 096 21 
 237, 476 59 
 52, 388 21 
 22, 098 42 
 10,701 80 
 5, 119 55 
 10, 053 23 
 
 25, 201 38 
 10, 379 94 
 
 8, 746 03 
 
 0, 717 64 
 
 21,293 10 
 
 26, 017 63 
 16,084 53 
 12, 484 35 
 
 145,212 51 
 
 19, 357 29 
 6,465 18 
 
 98, 143 95 
 16, 032 41 
 
 8, 547 49 
 12, 197 79 
 10, 236 75 
 20, 152 63 
 10,946 99 
 
 20, 237 79 
 
 10, 988 68 
 8,808 27 
 
 19,447 24 
 
 11,124 99 
 
 134, 147 57 
 
 11, 535 03 
 
 9, 087 58 
 14, 225 02 
 
 6,605 13 
 
 19,414,772 80 3,815,736 41 
 
 Free deliv- 
 ery. 
 
 $4 
 293 
 
 33 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 5, 
 
 26, 
 6, 
 8, 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 24 
 
 4 
 
 7, 
 
 119, 
 
 13 
 
 61 
 5 
 5 
 6, 
 5, 
 
 15, 
 6 
 
 12 
 4, 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 10, 
 
 48, 
 6, 
 8, 
 
 10, 
 
 si 
 
 , 671 72 
 , 698 77 
 ,967 25 
 , 500 80 
 , 508 75 
 , 400 00 
 , 971 95 
 i, 412 43 
 ', 732 87 
 , 491 39 
 ,530 94 
 , 460 08 
 , 385 51 
 , 770 96 
 ,610 27 
 , 647 59 
 , 953 25 
 , 239 13 
 , 650 81 
 , 900 00 
 , 230 05 
 ,802 10 
 , 192 75 
 , 203 58 
 , 356 15 
 , 055 85 
 , 499 88 
 , 528 21 
 , 973 81 
 , 286 26 
 ;, 477 99 
 i, 663 43 
 , 562 53 
 I, 948 96 
 , 469 62 
 
 2,617,574 56 
 
 Total ex- 
 penses. 
 
 $10,767 93 
 
 531, 175 36 
 
 86, 355 46 
 
 30, 599 22 
 
 1.5,210 .55 
 
 8, 519 55 
 
 16, 025 18 
 51, 613 81 
 17, 112 81 
 
 17, 237 42 
 
 10, 248 58 
 3.5,753 18 
 .50,403 14 
 20, 855 49 
 
 20, 094 62 
 264, 860 10 
 
 33,310 54 
 
 11, 704 31 
 1.59, 794 76 
 
 21, 932 41 
 
 13, 777 54 
 
 18, 909 89 
 1,5,429 50 
 35,416 21 
 17, 303 14 
 33, 193 64 
 15, 488 5G 
 
 14, 336 48 
 33, 421 05 
 21,411 25 
 
 182, 625 56 
 18, 198 46 
 17, 650 11 
 25, 173 98 
 10, 074 75 
 
 Net revenue. 
 
 $8,721 10 
 046, 319 .59 
 240, 226 70 
 67, 677 92 
 39, 460 42 
 6,830 15 
 22, 985 45 
 131, 196 00 
 24, 327 86 
 27, 563 17 
 16, 730 71 
 76, 341 50 
 140, 361 11 
 23, 108 88 
 48, 822 33 
 501, 732 11 
 116, 520 30 
 13, 752 47 
 340, 973 03 
 42, 072 08 
 20, 381 26 
 56, 117 33 
 37, 410 16 
 75, 047 12 
 17,877 29 
 84, 508 48 
 34, 632 78 
 36, 914 13 
 54, 937 63 
 42, 357 33 
 74, 424 11 
 24, 699 08 
 29, 703 15 
 67, 013 71 
 13, 767 13 
 
 6,433,310 97 12,981,461 83 
 
 Per cent, 
 expense 
 on gross 
 revenue. 
 
 54 
 36 
 
 26 
 31 
 28 
 55 
 39 
 28 
 41 
 38 
 38 
 32 
 25 
 47 
 29 
 35 
 22 
 41 
 31 
 34 
 40 
 25 
 29 
 32 
 49 
 28 
 31 
 28 
 38 
 34 
 71 
 42 
 37 
 27 
 42
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 975 
 
 No. 10. — Comparative statement of receipts and expend it urea of the Post-Office Department 
 from July I, 1836, to June 30, lt<i-2. 
 
 Tear. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Beyenae. 
 
 Treasury 
 grants. 
 
 'MaL 
 
 Expendi tares. 
 
 1837. 
 1»<:j8. 
 18M. 
 1840. 
 1841. 
 1842. 
 184.1. 
 1844. 
 184.=>. 
 184H. 
 1847. 
 1848. 
 1H49. 
 18.'.0. 
 1851. 
 1852. 
 18.53. 
 18.54. 
 18.55. 
 1856. 
 1857. 
 18.58. 
 18.59. 
 1860. 
 1861. 
 1862. 
 ]K63. 
 1864. 
 1865. 
 1806. 
 1867. 
 1868. 
 1809. 
 1870. 
 1871. 
 1872. 
 1873. 
 1874. 
 1875. 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 1878. 
 1870. 
 1880. 
 1881. 
 1882. 
 
 $4, 94.5, 
 4, 238, 
 4,484, 
 4, 54:1, 
 4, 407, 
 4, .546, 
 4,206, 
 4, 237, 
 4, 289, 
 :t, 487, 
 
 3, 880, 
 
 4, .5,55, 
 
 4, 705, 
 5,499, 
 6,410, 
 5,184. 
 
 5, 240, 
 
 6, 255, 
 6, 042, 
 C, 920, 
 7, 353, 
 7,486, 
 7,068, 
 8, 518, 
 8, 349, 
 8, 29!t, 
 
 11,163, 
 12, 438, 
 14, 556, 
 14, 436, 
 15,297, 
 16, 292, 
 
 18, 344, 
 
 19, 772, 
 
 20, 037, 
 21,915, 
 22, !t96, 
 26, 471, 
 26,701. 
 28, 034, 
 27.531. 
 20, 277. 
 
 30.041, 
 33,31.5, 
 36. 785. 
 41,876, 
 
 668 21 
 733 46 
 650 70 
 521 92 
 720 27 
 849 65 
 225 43 
 287 83 
 841 80 
 l;t9 35 
 309 23 
 211 10 
 176 28 
 9ftJ 80 
 004 ;« 
 526 84 
 724 70 
 586 22 
 l.^O 13 
 821 GO 
 951 70 
 792 80 
 484 07 
 007 40 
 290 40 
 820 no 
 789 .59 
 253 78 
 158 70 
 986 21 
 026 87 
 600 80 
 610 72 
 220 65 
 045 42 
 428 37 
 741 .57 
 071 82 
 360 50 
 107 .50 
 585 26 
 516 95 
 082 86 
 479 34 
 397 97 
 410 15 
 
 $482,657 00 
 
 7.50. 000 00 
 
 12, 500 00 
 
 125, 000 00 
 
 1,741,444 44 
 2, 225, 000 00 
 
 2, 736, 748 !«5 
 
 3, 114,542 20 
 3,748,881 50 
 
 4, 528, 004 67 
 4, 670, 270 71 
 
 3, 915, 940 49 
 11,1.54,167 54 
 
 4, 639, hLtO .53 
 2, 50H, 953 71 
 1, 007, 848 72 
 
 749, 980 00 
 3, 968 40 
 
 8,991, 
 5,690, 
 5, 707, 
 4, 022, 
 4, 126, 
 
 4, 933, 
 
 5, 690, 
 5. 922. 
 6.704, 
 6,088. 
 7, 013, 
 5, 307, 
 3, 297, 
 3, 597, 
 3, 207, 
 
 0> 
 
 606 67 
 525 00 
 115 30 
 140 85 
 200 00 
 7.50 00 
 475 00 
 433 55 
 646 06 
 5|B 03 
 8«t 00 
 652 82 
 965 25 
 717 20 
 021 46 
 595 12 
 
 $4, 945, 
 4, 238, 
 4, 4K4, 
 4, .54.3, 
 4.890, 
 4, .546, 
 4, 290, 
 4, 237, 
 4,289, 
 4, 237, 
 
 3, 802, 
 4,680, 
 
 4, 705. 
 5,499, 
 0,410, 
 
 6, 925, 
 
 7, 49.5, 
 
 8, 9!J2, 
 
 9, 7.56, 
 10, 669, 
 11,881. 
 12,166. 
 11,884, 
 19,072, 
 12,989, 
 10, 898, 
 12.171, 
 13, 188, 
 14. 500. 
 14, 436, 
 19, 288, 
 21,989, 
 24,051, 
 23, 794, 
 24, 163, 
 26, 909, 
 28, 987, 
 
 32, 393. 
 
 33, 496, 
 33. 722, 
 84, .544. 
 
 34, .58.'-), 
 33, 339, 
 36,913. 
 40, 08r{, 
 41,883, 
 
 668 21 
 733 46 
 6.56 70 
 521 92 
 383 27 
 849 65 
 225 43 
 287 83 
 841 8U 
 199 35 
 809 23 
 211 lit 
 176 28 
 984 86 
 604 33 
 971 28 
 724 70 
 3.35 18 
 678 39 
 703 22 
 956 43 
 063 57 
 430 .56 
 234 94 
 102 93 
 774 61 
 638 31 
 233 73 
 127 16 
 986 21 
 093 .54 
 125 80 
 6?6 02 
 361 .50 
 245 43 
 176 37 
 216 57 
 505 37 
 007 55 
 780 53 
 8R5 26 
 169 77 
 948 11 
 196 .54 
 319 43 
 005 27 
 
 $3. 288, 
 4, 430. 
 4,636, 
 4,718, 
 4.499, 
 .5, 674, 
 4, 374, 
 4,296, 
 4, 320, 
 4, 070, 
 3.970, 
 4, 326, 
 4, 479, 
 6, 212, 
 
 6, 278, 
 7, 108, 
 
 7, 982, 
 
 8, 577, 
 
 9, 9(^'i8, 
 10, 405, 
 ll,rKj8, 
 
 12, 722. 
 11,4.58, 
 19. 170, 
 
 13, r>tKi. 
 11,12.-., 
 11,314. 
 12, 041, 
 ]:: i.'i4 
 
 319 03 
 662 21 
 ,'>36 31 
 235 64 
 527 61 
 751 80 
 753 71 
 512 70 
 731 00 
 036 01 
 642 10 
 850 27 
 049 13 
 953 43 
 401 68 
 459 04 
 7r.6 .59 
 424 12 
 342 29 
 286 36 
 057 93 
 470 01 
 0^3 63 
 6c 19 80 
 759 11 
 304 13 
 200 84 
 788 20 
 
 23, 6Un, 131 50 
 2.t. 998, 837 63 
 
 24. :;m, 104 08 
 26, >V,it, 192 31 
 29. 084. 945 67 
 
 3H, ;'t>2, i>6u L'2 
 40.482,021 23
 
 976 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THK 
 
 No. 11. — Statement of the money-order traiinactious at post-offices 
 
 Stat«s RiidTenitorios, 
 
 Domestic. 
 
 Ci to 
 
 •c 6 
 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Arizoua 
 
 Arkansas -. 
 
 California 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Delaware 
 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Florida 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Indian Territory 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Eansaa 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Maine 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Mississippi ♦ 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Montana 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Nevada 
 
 New Hampshire — 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 New York 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Texas 
 
 Utah 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Washington 
 
 ■West Virginia 
 
 "Wisconsin 
 
 "Wyoming 
 
 140, 525 
 
 20, 938 
 127, 638 
 274, 333 
 150, 084 
 
 96, 716 
 r.l, 543 
 14, 169 
 32, 432 
 62, 847 
 163, 688 
 
 21, 608 
 728, 589 
 376, 586 
 
 3,976 
 
 542, 963 
 
 353,658 
 
 130, 912 
 
 109, 255 
 
 89,118 
 
 66, 582 
 
 223, 997 
 
 415, 342 
 
 208, 794 
 
 174, 183 
 
 346, 133 
 
 28, 796 
 
 171, 283 
 
 45, 561 
 56,667 
 85,101 
 16.067 
 
 568,397 
 
 127, 149 
 
 568, 015 
 
 84,554 
 
 441, 196 
 
 32, 417 
 
 97 404 
 
 165, 327 
 
 383, 269 
 
 21, 101 
 
 55, 337 
 
 106, 391 
 
 36, 894 
 
 46, 324 
 337, 759 
 
 19, 301 
 
 I 
 18, 
 51 
 21 
 60 
 
 2, 
 
 14 
 
 28, 
 
 136, 
 
 i2, 
 
 6. 
 18, 
 
 8, 
 
 7, 
 53, 
 
 281 47 
 021 06 
 161 45 
 762 10 
 
 287 46 
 933 02 
 604 63 
 2S6 75 
 086 51 
 099 33 
 793 17 
 349 36 
 923 59 
 093 35 
 320 30 
 905 40 
 046 90 
 472 88 
 558 19 
 147 43 
 567 43 
 749 64 
 445 31 
 384 57 
 706 05 
 180 31 
 024 13 
 636 64 
 204 82 
 135 17 
 756 17 
 994 46 
 071 92 
 647 94 
 084 40 
 242 11 
 595 73 
 872 26 
 482 70 
 577 86 
 536 44 
 334 33 
 583 95 
 276 08 
 830 33 
 163 06 
 217 05 
 
 4. 073 38 
 
 $1, 936, 
 
 520 
 
 2, 266, 
 
 4, 208, 
 
 2,640 
 
 1,180 
 
 779, 
 
 149, 
 
 504 
 
 1, 060 
 
 2, 301 
 468, 
 
 8, 809, 
 4,231 
 72, 
 5, 934, 
 4, 531 
 1,688 
 2,181 
 1, 300, 
 951 
 
 3, 069, 
 5, 255, 
 2,650, 
 2,45' 
 4, 424, 
 
 515, 
 2, 167, 
 
 912 
 
 670, 
 1, 159 
 
 268, 
 7,488, 
 1, 878, 
 6,401 
 
 1, 679, 
 5, 212, 
 
 443 
 1,398, 
 
 2, 530, 
 6,646, 
 
 378, 
 61 
 
 1, 380 
 724, 
 570, 
 
 4, 456, 
 327, 
 
 118 04 
 435 95 
 352 71 
 786 78 
 372 23 
 974 13 
 
 772 94 
 784 20 
 212 83 
 204 11 
 900 66 
 666 73 
 674 51 
 
 257 03 
 474 88 
 259 16 
 
 258 68 
 868 96 
 041 29 
 046 68 
 336 74 
 107 97 
 960 10 
 211 88 
 775 92 
 345 47 
 649 00 
 922 73 
 802 99 
 504 49 
 181 56 
 375 42 
 215 35 
 884 18 
 052 55 
 959 49 
 354 08 
 574 52 
 091 81 
 198 63 
 388 87 
 
 773 33 
 598 81 
 624 41 
 336 89 
 200 94 
 430 26 
 797 31 
 
 Total 8,420,869 1,427,108 59 113,400,118 21 
 
 $17,591 45 
 3, 377 80 
 17, 833 85 
 36, 229 65 
 20, 585 90 
 11,006 90 
 
 0, 689 85 
 
 1, 645 50 
 4, 185 95 
 8, 524 85 
 
 20, 629 00 
 
 3, 221 60 
 88, 054 70 
 44,410 35 
 
 567 85 
 6.S, 764 60 
 43, 540 25 
 16, 139 65 
 15, 963 80 
 11, 323 30 
 8, 839 70 
 27, 778 60 
 50, 615 30 
 25, .539 00 
 22, 200 15 
 42, 517 00 
 
 4, 010 55 
 21, 108 30 
 
 6, 657 95 
 6, 685 10 
 10, 596 90 
 2, 151 25 
 70, 299 70 
 16,497 35 
 67, 942 95 
 12,497 ,50 
 52, 947 35 
 
 4, 028 30 
 12, 401 40 
 
 21, 653 80 
 53, 118 60 
 
 2,933 50 
 
 6, 500 95 
 
 13, 120 45 
 
 5,420 20 
 
 5, 709 90 
 40, 839 75 
 
 2, 612 25 
 
 $51 05 
 
 $1,047,812 97 
 
 52 59 
 
 144 
 
 240 54 
 
 1. 4.52, 
 
 3, 293, 
 
 1,592, 
 
 394, 
 
 126, 
 
 7. 
 
 1,317; 
 
 185, 
 
 1, 947, 
 
 88, 
 
 9,542, 
 
 1, 755, 
 
 284 34 
 210 27 
 107 00 
 781 00 
 738 00 
 290 00 
 835 95 
 515 00 
 724 00 
 099 00 
 838 93 
 043 60 
 
 3 89 
 
 18 26 
 
 33 
 
 249 41 
 
 45 83 
 120 00 
 
 1 54 
 04 
 
 1, 0.53, 710 55 1 828 07 
 
 2, 479, 
 1,033, 
 1,603, 
 
 3, .')89, 
 764, 
 
 1, 318. 
 2,146, 
 
 2, 708, 
 1,859, 
 
 69, 
 
 8,148, 
 
 212, 
 
 1,507, 
 
 113, 
 358, 
 
 189, 
 27,800, 
 
 263, 
 4,442, 
 1,443, 
 
 4, 335, 
 114, 
 832, 
 
 1, 807, 
 
 3, 999, 
 565, 
 135, 
 
 1,754, 
 23, 
 80, 
 
 2, 708. 
 
 173 94 
 651 43 
 894 00 
 274 16 
 992 00 
 951 20 
 155 30 
 525 00 
 791 58 
 340 00 
 181 80 
 226 00 
 742 00 
 763 00 
 596 00 
 309 00 
 861 41 
 767 74 
 193 00 
 814 32 
 626 00 
 315 39 
 270 00 
 337 00 
 136 28 
 302 70 
 619 00 
 363 00 
 821 00 
 232 00 I 
 750 00 
 683 33 ! 
 
 101, 1C3, 030 64
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 977 
 
 in tilt United States, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 Domestic, i 
 
 Inteinational. 
 
 CunaUa. 
 
 Great Britain and Ireland. 
 
 German Empire. 
 
 $4, CM 45 
 .•530 00 
 
 4,270 17 
 ;J5, 867 58 
 
 5, 955 46 
 17. 833 58 
 
 4, 997 27 
 
 2.437 94 
 
 0,501 78 
 
 5, 457 00 
 
 527 00 
 
 87, 303 85 
 
 29, 331 45 
 
 00 
 
 72 
 
 44 
 
 1,715 
 
 1,642 
 
 805 
 
 403 
 
 18 
 
 179 
 
 134 
 
 275 
 
 76 
 
 3,905 
 
 329 
 
 12,188 77 
 2,869 00 
 .'555 20 
 45,400 41 
 47.879 99 \ 
 16,825 59 i 
 9,940 64 I 
 350 30 I 
 3,172 39 ; 
 3,725 62 
 7,346 07 
 2,802 85 
 70,444 28 : 
 5,314 32 \ 
 
 36, 385 96 
 26, 686 54 
 16,362 39 
 
 1,385 14 
 17, 313 26 
 
 7, 732 07 
 
 54. 486 30 
 33, 476 41 
 15. 663 28 
 
 6, 289 79 
 
 47,023 90 
 
 149 25 
 
 38.487 12 
 375 31 
 
 !). 777 73 
 
 31, 150 00 
 
 90 00 
 
 96,929 96 
 
 .1. 164 60 
 
 97, 097 91 
 
 2,435 00 
 
 50, 943 02 
 
 1, .'■.16 50 
 
 415 66 
 
 13,717 02 
 
 23, 2»1 45 
 
 277 00 
 
 13, 720 DO 
 
 1.5, 774 84 
 
 5411 42 
 
 5, 707 67 
 
 23, 272 89 
 
 405 
 
 7,207 16 
 
 159 
 
 3,044 43 
 
 152 
 
 2,438 63 
 
 229 
 
 6,634 10 
 
 1,695 
 
 35,439 02 
 
 194 
 
 4.443 67 
 
 9,893 
 
 200.449 84 
 
 6,965 
 
 143.1.^4 :;3 
 
 2, 003 
 
 52,679 08 
 
 18 
 
 330 .50 
 
 6:!2 
 
 13,647 30 
 
 390 
 
 11.342 81 
 
 198 
 
 3,946 43 
 
 407 
 
 12,926 30 
 
 465 
 
 8,603 32 
 
 701 
 
 14.456 46 
 
 19 
 
 Ml 10 
 
 6,362 
 
 116.147 :*i 
 
 32 
 
 874 02 
 
 1,056 
 
 28.996 98 
 
 351 
 
 9, .355 81 
 
 2,017 
 
 33.366 29 
 
 810 
 
 13,205 81 
 
 43 
 
 1.006 68 
 
 134 
 
 2.534 20 
 
 200 
 
 5.033 87 
 
 98 
 
 2.717 19 
 
 290 
 
 3,384 99 
 
 230 
 
 4.327 39 
 
 243 
 
 7,606 3tJ 
 
 17 
 
 .115 07 
 
 1.468 
 
 38.344 25 
 
 67 
 
 1,709 31 
 
 905,707 61 45", 229 1,018,04102 17,244 55 182.293 2,740,362 09 78,626 30 116, 370 ^2,057,705 42 36,785 70 
 
 62 Ab
 
 978 
 
 TAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 No. II.— Statement of money-order transactions at poal-oSp-ces in the 
 
 
 International— Continued. 
 
 
 Switzerland. 
 
 Italy. 
 
 Franco. 
 
 States and Terri- 
 tories. 
 
 0) 
 
 ti 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 "A 
 
 u 
 
 -si 
 
 o 
 
 < 
 
 1^ 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 'A 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 o 2 
 
 "Si 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 o 2 
 
 Si 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 !!§ 
 
 2.2 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 606 
 
 97 
 
 60 
 
 $414 50 
 
 95 00 
 
 83 00 
 
 15,731 41 
 
 2, 850 26 
 
 1, 080 95 
 
 $9 60 
 
 1 50 
 
 1 90 
 
 358 35 
 
 58 15 
 
 21 45 
 
 33 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 617 
 
 383 
 
 605 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 84 
 
 54 
 
 57 
 
 1 
 
 3, 231 
 
 70 
 
 $943 00 
 
 015 00 
 
 488 26 
 
 14, 973 31 
 
 14, 289 68 
 
 12, 770 24 
 
 200 00 
 
 83 00 
 
 1, 392 27 
 
 1, 592 89 
 
 1, 773 15 
 
 20 00 
 
 94, 935 77 
 
 2,201 94 
 
 $15 15 
 
 9 30 
 
 7 95 
 
 244 25 
 
 220 95 
 
 212 35 
 
 3 00 
 
 2 20 
 
 23 85 
 
 25 50 
 
 28 05 
 
 30 
 
 1, 490 85 
 
 35 40 
 
 44 
 
 33 
 
 2 
 
 477 
 
 55 
 
 59 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 138 
 
 35 
 
 39 
 
 9 
 
 321 
 
 50 
 
 $1, 044 64 
 
 514 87 
 
 98 76 
 
 6, 786 12 
 
 1,711 29 
 
 882 26 
 
 10 60 
 
 368 13 
 
 2, 736 78 
 
 880 41 
 
 723 95 
 
 155 00 
 
 5, 560 98 
 
 586 98 
 
 $17 25 
 9 00 
 
 1 50 
 123 85 
 
 26 85 
 16 95 
 30 
 5 85 
 48 60 
 14 10 
 12 75 
 
 2 40 
 100 75 
 
 11 55 
 
 
 
 
 
 Connecticut .*••... 
 
 
 14 
 46 
 
 7 
 47 
 
 5 
 
 1,889 
 
 96 
 
 268 50 
 794 28 
 233 76 
 
 1, 100 80 
 
 218 76 
 
 36, 089 40 
 
 1, 671 73 
 
 7 05 
 16 60 
 
 4 15 
 23 10 
 
 3 45 
 
 831 60 
 
 35 65 
 
 Districtof Columbia 
 
 Georgia.. .••••••... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 135 
 28 
 95 
 99 
 3 
 41 
 
 239 
 98 
 63 
 
 3, 247 95 
 
 484 38 
 
 2, 363 44 
 
 2, 529 38 
 
 51 88 
 
 709 48 
 
 4, 489 01 
 
 1, 385 25 
 
 1,403 93 
 
 72 05 
 10 60 
 47 45 
 59 05 
 1 00 
 17 60 
 103 10 
 
 30 70 
 
 31 00 
 
 22 
 12 
 86 
 1,328 
 28 
 
 205 
 1,212 
 
 116 
 56 
 70 
 
 737 
 
 41 
 
 19 
 
 77 
 
 2 
 
 350 
 
 44 
 
 2,301 
 
 13 
 
 472 
 33 
 
 838 
 
 105 
 34 
 
 150 
 
 340 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 134 
 
 458 48 
 
 186 75 
 
 2, 178 29 
 
 32, 816 22 
 
 483 51 
 
 5, 195 43 
 
 27, 938 71 
 
 3, 260 81 
 
 1, 536 38 
 
 2, 820 33 
 21, GOl 36 
 
 1, 538 18 
 
 529 26 
 
 2, 577 23 
 
 20 00 
 
 7, 956 24 
 
 1, 515 04 
 
 53, 962 60 
 
 550 00 
 
 12, 235 95 
 
 1, 046 92 
 
 59, 439 36 
 
 1, 551 30 
 
 766 78 
 
 3, 002 87 
 10, 597 25 
 
 86 00 
 
 175 91 
 
 3, 312 29 
 
 7 65 
 4 30 
 
 35 70 
 535 05 
 
 8 40 
 89 05 
 
 403 00 
 
 52 95 
 
 24 90 
 
 43 20 
 
 345 60 
 
 24 15 
 
 8 65 
 
 40 65 
 
 30 
 
 130 65 
 
 24 65 
 
 877 50 
 
 8 40 
 
 199 40 
 
 16 50 
 
 960 00 
 
 28 05 
 
 13 05 
 
 49 80 
 
 168 50 
 
 1 50 
 
 3 00 
 
 54 40 
 
 39 
 
 19 
 
 83 
 
 394 
 
 9 
 
 91 
 
 449 
 
 101 
 
 58 
 
 9 
 
 120 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 210 
 
 2 
 
 2,234 
 
 3 
 
 152 
 
 26 
 
 304 
 
 91 
 
 21 
 
 16 
 
 141 
 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 43 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 38 
 
 5 
 
 361 81 
 280 08 
 1, 438 59 
 5, 560 14 
 78 85 
 1, 184 57 
 7, 035 81 
 
 1, 593 44 
 1, 147 78 
 
 169 45 
 
 2, 118 73 
 
 345 00 
 
 60 00 
 683 00 
 
 41 49 
 
 3, 931 94 
 
 6 40 
 35, 467 32 
 
 7 21 
 
 2, 616 07 
 877 68 
 
 4, 828 89 
 1, 032 09 
 
 391 88 
 266 64 
 2, 593 59 
 261 32 
 310 03 
 963 12 
 
 91 00 
 169 47 
 793 94 
 
 70 00 
 
 8 10 
 
 5 80 
 
 26 10 
 
 103 20 
 
 1 80 
 23 85 
 
 131 90 
 30 00 
 19 95 
 
 2 85 
 39 60 
 
 5 40 
 1 20 
 
 10 65 
 
 1 20 
 
 67 75 
 
 30 
 
 653 60 
 
 45 
 
 47 95 
 
 14 70 
 
 88 75 
 
 33 85 
 
 7 20 
 
 4 65 
 
 45 55 
 
 1 35 
 
 6 15 
 16 95 
 
 1 95 
 
 3 15 
 13 80 
 
 1 05 
 
 
 
 
 Maine »••... 
 
 Maryland •^... 
 
 Maasachusetts 
 
 
 
 
 671 
 5 
 9 
 
 18 
 
 206 
 
 13,775 63 
 
 92 00 
 
 96 00 
 
 249 94 
 
 176 00 
 
 4, 287 74 
 
 301 60 
 
 1 65 
 
 2 45 
 5 45 
 
 3 35 
 83 75 
 
 
 
 
 Kew Hampshire - - . 
 Kew Jersey 
 
 
 2,826 
 
 1 
 
 795 
 
 65 
 
 859 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 178 
 
 202 
 
 27 
 
 58, 449 93 
 
 12 00 
 
 14, 776 83 
 
 1, 553 73 
 19, 027 83 
 
 354 01 
 159 20 
 
 2, 973 19 
 4,836 68 
 
 438 55 
 
 i, 306 20 
 
 50 
 
 335 60 
 
 36 40 
 
 413 85 
 
 8 20 
 5 40 
 
 66 45 
 94 15 
 
 9 70 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 Ohio 
 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Texas 
 
 Utah 
 
 
 
 13 
 3 
 
 15 
 457 
 
 237 88 
 
 100 74 
 
 408 00 
 
 6, 517 07 
 
 5 75 
 
 1 65 
 
 8 35 
 
 157 95 
 
 
 Weiit Virgiuia 
 
 3 
 
 82 
 
 3 
 
 105 00 
 
 2,443 64 
 
 55 00 
 
 1 65 
 
 39 00 
 90 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 10, 080 
 
 205, 820 06 
 
 4, 591 50 
 
 14, 233 
 
 408, 221 60 
 
 6, 579 60 
 
 6,015 09,738 10 
 
 1 
 
 1, 815 45
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 United States for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882 — Continued. 
 
 979 
 
 Iiifcrnational — Continued. 
 
 
 Jamaica. 
 
 New Zealand. 
 
 New South "Wales. 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 2 
 
 «0 
 
 S 
 
 k 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 < 
 
 
 2 
 
 1. 
 
 'z * 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 ■5 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 S 
 
 » 
 
 ■H 
 
 5 
 B 
 < 
 
 09 
 
 it 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 E 
 
 a 
 
 'A 
 
 a 
 t 
 
 5 
 a 
 
 •5 
 
 g 
 
 s 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 a 
 
 •3 
 
 « 
 
 a 
 a 
 'a 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 $2 93 
 
 to 15 
 
 1 
 
 
 $16 (2 
 05 ;8 
 56 f4 
 
 219 43 
 19 i7 
 
 137 t2 
 10 >3 
 
 4 :« 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 ■ 
 
 
 u 
 
 $153 77 
 
 ?2 70 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 $491 5t 
 1 CO 
 
 $8 25 
 15 
 
 "8 
 
 051 24 
 361 10 
 
 10 6.5 
 5 25 
 
 1 
 
 $721 87 
 15 00 
 78 33 
 
 111 55 
 
 30 
 
 1 20 
 
 o 
 
 73 05 
 
 1 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 43 29 
 
 •■> 
 
 38 96 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 71 33 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 200 00 
 120 00 
 
 3 00 
 1 80 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 23 13 
 
 45 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 161 50 
 38 06 
 
 2 ."JS 
 75 
 
 
 
 
 714 04 
 
 
 
 
 
 456 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 405 29 
 430 63 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 310 24 
 13 54 
 71 30 
 
 1 
 
 11 99 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 5 00 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 45 U 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 1 22 
 100 00 
 
 15 
 1 05 
 
 3 
 I 
 
 145 71 
 10 00 
 
 2 25 
 15 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 24 35 
 48 70 
 
 45 
 75 
 
 
 1 
 
 9 00 
 
 15 
 
 41"' 12 
 
 
 1 
 
 48 70 
 
 i 66 
 
 a 
 
 34 35 
 
 60 
 
 103 77 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 552 53 
 
 11 
 
 15 00 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 89 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 513 67 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 25 00 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 133 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 20 00 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 111 68 
 
 
 4 00 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 82 79 
 
 1 35 
 
 1 
 
 48 70 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 
 198 61 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 438 63 
 
 8 45 
 
 10 
 
 242 75 
 
 4 20 
 
 19 
 
 083 70 
 
 10 65 
 
 » 
 
 143 90 
 
 2 85 
 
 1,006 00 
 115 20 
 
 1 
 
 50 00 
 
 75 
 
 4 
 U 
 2 
 
 43 48 
 
 300 00 
 
 39 85 
 
 95 
 
 S 75 
 
 75 
 
 1 
 
 48 70 
 
 75 
 
 1 
 
 2 19 
 
 15 
 
 461 73 
 
 32 01 
 
 1 
 
 10 00 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 40 34 
 
 50 00 
 
 75 
 75 
 
 1 
 
 19 48 
 
 30 
 
 802 23 
 8 00 
 
 ') 
 
 89 70 
 
 1 35 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1U7 80 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 77 57 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 301 33 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 33 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 110 61 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 326 45 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 183 96 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S18 05 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A'o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 917 '.'S 
 
 16 65 
 
 . 
 
 1,561 7« 
 
 27 80 
 
 69 
 
 2. 345 75 
 
 39 75 
 
 47 1 
 
 1,200 83 1 
 
 19 95 : 
 
 1 
 
 B,990 7«
 
 080 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 No, 11. — Statement of money-order travsactions at post-offices in the 
 
 States auil I'omtories. 
 
 Alabama 
 
 ^Irizona 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 California 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Oonnecticnt 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Delaware 
 
 District of Colombia. 
 
 Florida 
 
 Georgia ............. 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Indian Territory 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Kansas... 
 
 Eentncky 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Maine 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Miississippi ...... 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Montana ............ 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Nevada 
 
 New Hampshire.-... 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 New York 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 JBhode Island 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Texas 
 
 Utah 
 
 "Vermont 
 
 "Virginia 
 
 "W ashington 
 
 "West Virginia 
 
 "Wisoon-iu 
 
 ■Wyoming 
 
 Domestic. 
 
 Interna- 
 tional. 
 
 61, 409 
 
 4, 330 
 
 54, 380 
 
 2'.'6, 026 
 
 70, 817 
 
 95, 523 
 
 17, 100 
 
 7, 413 
 
 66, 849 
 
 29, 647 
 
 141, 859 
 
 4,333 
 
 1, 061, 471 
 
 252, 892 
 
 572 
 
 324, 201 
 
 191, 620 
 
 149, 523 
 
 164, 832 
 
 124, 807 
 
 110, 966 
 
 464, 332 
 
 317, 102 
 
 130, 453 
 
 57, 978 
 
 481,064 
 
 6,126 
 
 90,507 
 
 ■10, 065 
 
 39, 806 
 
 78, 836 
 
 4,122 
 
 1, 404, 675 
 
 53, 132 
 
 670, 873 
 
 45, 978 
 
 552, 519 
 
 23, 110 
 
 43, 112 
 
 147, 515 
 
 206,208 
 
 13, 582 
 
 39, 925 
 
 86, 969 
 
 12, 329 
 
 22, 573 
 
 233, 302 
 
 4,487 
 
 Tolal 8,401,668 
 
 $949, 
 
 130, 
 
 1, 050, 
 
 4, 348, 
 
 1, 384, 
 
 1, 177, 
 
 352, 
 
 110, 
 
 705, 
 
 Oil, 
 
 2,048, 
 
 139, 
 
 11, 924, 
 
 3,424, 
 
 32, 
 
 4, 538, 
 
 3, 261, 
 2, 374, 
 2,388, 
 1, 516, 
 1,828, 
 
 4, 607, 
 4, 368, 
 1, 998, 
 
 795, 
 
 7,435, 
 
 143, 
 
 1, 495, 
 
 234, 
 
 588, 
 
 1, 301, 
 
 95, 
 
 14, 924, 
 
 842, 
 
 7, 718, 
 
 1, 109, 
 
 6, 318, 
 
 353, 
 
 630, 
 
 2,487, 
 
 4, 220, 
 
 309, 
 
 569, 
 
 1, 395, 
 
 356, 
 
 348. 
 
 3, 52,5, 
 
 93, 
 
 175 15 
 569 08 
 510 1!) 
 327 88 
 6!I0 69 
 739 90 
 769 72 
 359 92 
 045 05 
 856 57 
 219 04 
 915 85 
 187 81 
 051 78 
 402 88 
 981 47 
 070 97 
 946 23 
 475 82 
 074 00 
 716 10 
 177 55 
 455 57 
 306 78 
 941 87 
 384 22 
 314 56 
 926 78 
 536 50 
 339 55 
 196 11 
 767 44 
 817 14 
 544 71 
 116 96 
 093 96 
 653 45 
 278 43 
 694 22 
 159 19 
 112 80 
 193 92 
 600 64 
 571 40 
 665 44 
 369 39 
 371 69 
 619 38 
 
 112, 605, 295 84 
 
 $13, 287 38 
 
 2,899 13 
 
 21, 051 .50 
 
 32, 047 90 
 
 23, 682 08 
 
 6, 008 00 
 
 7, 235 40 
 
 872 82 
 
 4, 416 27 
 
 8, 835 37 
 12, 925 76 
 
 3, 226 18 
 
 62, 793 25 
 
 25, 882 48 
 
 257 62 
 
 41, 930 45 
 
 38, 690 62 
 
 10, 9'13 48 
 
 12, 936 99 
 
 5, 553 81 
 
 6, 024 48 
 
 17, 583 87 
 
 36,416 17 
 
 19, 352 72 
 
 16, 556 77 
 
 32,891 65 
 
 3, 528 89 
 
 17, 756 55 
 
 6, 537 83 
 
 3, 450 33 
 
 7, 106 35 
 
 2, 088 97 
 
 54, 123 56 
 
 9, 457 44 
 42. 350 00 
 
 8,497 27 
 38, 152 83 
 
 2, 295 19 
 
 6, 611 88 
 15, 105 58 
 49, Oil 01 
 
 3, 049 70 
 8, 736 67 
 
 7, 548 61 
 4,703 58 
 3, 583 22 
 
 27, 578 32 
 2,431 07 
 
 $31 96 
 
 'iio,'885'6o' 
 
 258 60 
 
 11 86 
 
 78 00 
 
 24 56 
 
 330 84 
 
 3, 223 00 
 
 282 00 
 
 33, 173 00 
 
 20, 737 89 
 
 1, 443 09 
 
 373 68 
 
 145 27 
 
 259 75 
 
 2, 500 00 
 
 98 43 
 434 00 
 584 00 
 425 60 
 340 08 
 19, 587 80 
 
 645 22 
 
 96 00 
 103 01 
 
 467, 260 31 
 
 1, 462 00 
 
 60, 173 90 
 
 581 00 
 
 8, 634 90 
 
 124 50 
 7, 773 58 
 2, 916 84 
 
 117 93 
 529 85 
 
 68 50 
 488 98 
 
 $2, 052, 
 
 409, 
 
 2,541, 
 
 3, 364, 
 
 3, 134, 
 
 506, 
 
 5.j6, 
 
 57, 
 
 1, 009, 
 
 639, 
 
 2, 241, 
 
 385, 
 
 6, 989, 
 
 2, 628, 
 
 59, 
 
 3, 896, 
 
 2,313, 
 
 951, 
 
 3, 414, 
 
 592, 
 
 490, 
 
 997, 
 
 3,782, 
 
 2, 531, 
 1, 731, 
 5,232, 
 
 619, 
 
 2. 191, 
 
 718, 
 
 230, 
 
 445, 
 
 366, 
 
 20, 739, 
 
 1,310, 
 
 3, 389, 
 1, 976, 
 3, 677, 
 
 270, 
 
 1, 622, 
 
 1, 869, 
 
 6, 480, 
 
 638, 
 
 199, 
 
 1, 771, 
 
 396, 
 
 315, 
 
 3, 098, 
 
 245, 
 
 473 00 
 
 020 00 
 928 90 
 340 77 
 834 50 
 275 00 
 390 44 
 240 74 
 828 08 
 630 00 
 798 00 
 273 00 
 953 88 
 150 27 
 408 50 
 361 52 
 247 00 
 372 15 
 023 16 
 540 00 
 
 021 92 
 845 79 
 410 00 
 742 00 
 041 82 
 105 09 
 902 64 
 869 19 
 096 00 
 119 51 
 535 00 
 414 41 
 990 94 
 814 31 
 502 89 
 028 00 
 388 06 
 802 00 
 772 00 
 664 19 
 204 04 
 886 70 
 611 50 
 153 92 
 778 00 
 889 55 
 087 21 
 345 05 
 
 Canada. 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 27 
 
 1,879 
 
 100 
 
 1,895 
 
 196 
 
 21 
 
 323 
 
 03 
 
 45 
 
 5 
 
 3,730 
 
 410 
 
 263 
 
 89 
 
 109 
 
 231 
 
 2,284 
 
 299 
 
 7,628 
 
 3,621 
 
 956 
 
 7 
 
 483 
 
 80 
 
 202 
 
 30 
 
 248 
 
 701 
 
 1 
 
 16,663 
 
 7 
 
 1,816 
 
 375 
 
 2,973 
 
 345 
 
 12 
 
 35 
 
 75 
 
 11 
 
 338 
 
 90 
 
 181 
 
 5 
 
 587 
 
 15 
 
 783, 006 06 I 752, 204 88 | 105, 084, 110 64 | 49, 537
 
 REPORT OJ- THE I'OSTMASTER-GENERAI 
 United Slatt:i for the Jiscal year ended June 30, leWii— Couiiuued. 
 
 981. 
 
 luteruutioDal — Continued. 
 
 Canada. 
 
 Switzerland. 
 
 785,826 01 '4,206 73 3i, MO 407,700 IK) 0,479 00 n4,U74 1,047,1M0 77 ,10,4'Jl 10 14,020 113,393 05 ,t>09 20
 
 982 
 
 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 No. 11.— Statement of money-order transactions at jwst offices inihe 
 
 
 International— Continued, 
 
 
 Italy. 
 
 France. 
 
 J.imaica. 
 
 States and Territories. 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 it 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 A 
 
 o 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 P 
 
 -A 
 
 I 
 
 < 
 
 o 
 o.;i 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 n 
 
 u 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 O 
 
 6 
 <1 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 ^% 
 
 -w P< 
 
 3 * 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 9 "^ 
 5 
 
 a 
 < 
 
 o a 
 
 4i ft 
 gg 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 
 1 
 
 $11 45 
 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 150 
 Gl 
 40 
 1 
 13 
 52 
 
 ii 
 
 5 
 
 $301 10 
 
 51 46 
 
 337 46 
 
 4, 646 79 
 
 9GG46 
 
 674 63 
 
 19 04 
 
 539 22 
 
 1, 026 29 
 
 322 03 
 
 104 99 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 114 48 
 1,024 51 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 $25 00 
 60 00 
 54 00 
 
 $65 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 695 08 
 
 72 
 
 1 
 
 $1 91 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 District of Columbia . 
 
 26 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 6G3 35 
 47 70 
 19 08 
 
 5 00 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 22 
 15132 
 
 
 
 
 20 00 
 
 30 00 
 
 50 
 
 10 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 34 
 3 
 
 1, 073 05 
 30 52 
 
 82 00 
 
 no 
 
 15 
 
 2, 853 07 
 270 63 
 
 8 
 
 93 09 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 6 
 3 
 
 48 
 1 
 
 34 
 
 42 
 6 
 3 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 62 77 
 
 239 46 
 
 114 48 
 
 1, 731 60 
 
 7 63 
 
 1,280 00 
 
 1, 126 45 
 
 255 29 
 
 97 80 
 
 56 29 
 
 309 82 
 
 
 30 
 
 39 
 
 18 
 
 230 
 
 n 
 
 36 
 106 
 39 
 7 
 4 
 83 
 
 937 07 
 1, 538 .52 
 
 315 74 
 G, 826 08 
 
 298 28 
 
 673 32 
 1, .505 36 
 
 1, 226 (17 
 200 69 
 
 40 59 
 
 2, 626 51 
 
 5 40 
 
 2 
 
 58 44 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 96 00 
 
 4 29 
 
 4 
 2 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 58 58 
 
 27 35 
 
 392 20 
 
 302 50 
 
 34 60 
 
 .' 
 
 
 
 5 00 
 20 98 
 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 145 48 
 88 88 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 24 35 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 190 80 
 301 58 
 
 
 14 
 3 
 2 
 
 58 
 
 000 54 
 
 142 85 
 
 88 09 
 
 1, 236 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 00 
 7 54 
 1 98 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 350 30 
 
 
 4 
 
 102 27 
 
 
 
 
 New York 
 
 291 
 
 5, 47i 32 
 
 146 00 
 
 1,196 
 1 
 
 57 
 
 7 
 
 158 
 
 10 
 2 
 7 
 
 34 
 
 18, 616 38 
 
 38 09 
 
 1, 064 71 
 
 138 97 
 
 3, 607 09 
 
 236 13 
 
 100 00 
 
 83 17 
 
 873 89 
 
 278 93 
 
 216 
 
 6, 786 55 
 
 
 
 Ohio 
 
 16 
 
 484 15 
 
 50 00 
 
 5 00 
 
 5 
 
 29 54 
 
 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 60 
 6 
 
 1, 089 74 
 142 01 
 
 
 
 132 00 
 
 40 00 
 
 22 
 
 j 403 60 
 
 
 
 
 1 38 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 5 
 26 
 10 
 
 102 18 
 
 1, 123 35 
 
 477 00 
 
 10 00 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Texas 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Utah 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 9 
 
 40 
 
 39 23 
 54S 92 
 328 07 
 
 23 03 
 1, 225 03 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 87 
 4 87 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 654 15 
 
 30 00 
 
 20 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 "Wisconsin 
 
 8 
 
 119 48 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 4 87 
 
 
 "VVyOTTnin*r 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 " 
 
 
 Total 
 
 738 
 
 19,616 87 
 
 715 98 
 
 2,728 
 
 57, 352 79 
 
 745 10 1 297 
 
 1 8,284 13
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GEXERAL. 
 United Stales during the fiscal year ended June :10, 18S2— Continufd. 
 
 983 
 
 International — Contiuuod. 
 
 Total. 
 
 New Zealand. New Sonth Wales. 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 •a 
 
 o 
 a 
 
 s 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 a . 
 
 §2 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 S 
 
 1 
 c 
 
 . 
 .= n 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 feg. 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 fe i 
 
 o 
 
 °« 
 
 S *" 
 
 s 
 s 
 
 £ S 
 
 o 1 u 
 
 •si -^1 
 
 4 .: 
 
 s le 
 
 1 1 
 
 l^ it 
 
 c ^ [as. 
 o c 
 
 B a 
 < A 
 
 o 
 
 B 
 
 s 
 1. 
 
 c c 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ID 
 
 "Z 
 
 U 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 $220 05 
 
 23 00 
 
 1, 005 95 
 
 8,eou 60 
 
 31 62 
 
 44 15 
 
 421 03 
 
 19 75 
 
 50, 420 80 
 
 109 97 
 
 495 73 
 
 581 25 
 
 2,688 1»2 
 
 449 80 
 
 $8,016 40 
 1, 490 .16 
 8,879 84 
 
 23, 0119 71 
 9,587 38 
 
 $2.5. 081 18 
 9 GIM 19 
 
 $224 90 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 639 05 
 
 ino 9R 
 
 U ii,793 22 
 
 .... 
 
 19 
 
 $500 41 
 
 .... 
 
 85 1 1644 80 
 
 
 07,796 10 119 38 
 .52. 252 28 118 .(1 
 
 8 
 
 150 55 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 
 1 28 
 
 .... 
 
 2 29 22 
 
 
 7,414 38 12,010 29 280 97 
 3,217 28 i 15,757 71 11 *>! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 856 29 1 1, 014 84 
 6, 441 10 8. lOR 24 
 
 2 99 
 
 1 
 
 ii 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 04 83 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4, 430 80 
 
 11,534 09 
 
 1,400 40 
 
 00,484 48 
 
 23,208 78 
 
 220 28 
 
 32,904 00 
 
 22, 675 10 
 
 11,452 99 
 
 8, 871 35 
 
 8, 300 08 
 
 7,850 84 
 
 26,040 29i 
 
 20,608 58 
 
 23.526 33 
 28,211 53 
 U.2M 52 
 IMJ. 998 43 
 32, 532 »9 
 054 00 
 G8, 848 29 
 30,919 41 
 ]«. 801 CI 
 70,511 34 
 13,487 08 
 7, 155 50 
 81,954 85 
 63. 007 82 
 
 i4 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 64 43 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 05 17 
 
 25 
 
 517 59 
 31 10 
 
 .... 
 
 10 
 1 
 
 850 87 
 14 01 
 
 .... 
 
 8 
 
 101 80 
 
 
 5W 01 
 212 8:t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 119 75 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 817 27 
 
 004 02 
 
 2. 403 70 
 
 2, 277 08 
 
 103 98 
 
 05 
 
 245 35 
 
 1.14 33 
 
 168 20 
 
 35 56 
 
 2,957 84 
 
 45 05 
 
 10 75 
 
 8 88 
 
 24 42 
 
 18 80 
 
 1,411 67 
 108 24 
 
 o 
 
 34 09 
 4 87 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 167 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 24 
 
 1 
 
 24 35 
 
 76 09 
 
 3, 103 38 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 
 24 35 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 
 1 52 
 
 
 55 71 
 00 11 
 
 78 
 
 
 10 
 1 
 
 223 03 
 19 48 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 108 02 
 4 20 
 
 
 420 74 
 824 90 
 
 
 
 97 40 
 
 
 13,00148 33; 003 18 
 9, 410 05 35. 501 76 
 
 06 SO 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 20 22 
 48 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 80 07 
 
 3 
 
 82 38 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 32,720 57 
 1, 850 85 
 
 11, 194 31 
 
 2,014 11 
 
 3,700 06 
 
 7, 528 10 
 
 987 54 
 
 61,803 82 
 20, 931 15 
 31,825 U 
 10, 182 98 
 0, 4.'>3 23 
 8. 983 47 
 10. 568 03 
 
 789 03 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 113 30 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 24 35 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 207 09 
 
 14 
 
 351 32 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 58 44 
 
 
 310 62 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 218 
 
 2, 178 08 
 
 ....| 36 
 
 687 27 
 
 .... 
 
 SO 
 
 1, 181 04 
 
 
 38.243 38 
 
 3, 083 60 
 
 220 20 
 
 523 36 
 
 400 30 
 
 302 25 
 
 14 85 
 
 340 11 
 
 2, 700 70 
 
 111 00 
 
 37 35 
 
 114 17 
 
 10 00 
 
 3 00 
 
 190 10 
 
 •2H 40 
 
 D8, 087 93 57, 075 38 
 7,018 17 18,3.13 02 
 
 682 03 
 09 52 
 
 7 
 
 88 24 
 
 .... . .1 
 
 
 1 
 
 24 35 
 
 
 44, 982 85 5.-., 253 02 035 68 
 
 
 
 3 120 50 
 62 08 
 
 
 C, 789 85 88, 440 22 ' 59 44 
 
 35 
 1 
 
 404 30 
 48 70 
 
 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 6:1 79 
 
 48 70 
 
 
 37,100 48 ' 69,205 77 830 45 
 1.9:.0 43 1 4.844 77 , 11 80 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 5, 854 94 16, 729 58 
 12, 946 Ki 20, 0;i5 88 
 27,274 51 1 117,196 03 
 
 1,812 44 , 2:1.012 63 
 
 198 80 
 
 o 
 
 14 01 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 220 10 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 201 03 
 
 4 
 
 4 A on 
 
 17 04 
 14 01 
 
 1 ! 
 
 
 2 1 48 70 .... 
 
 17 73 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 4.451 08 
 8, 222 30 
 2,747 90 
 2, 807 65 
 23, 825 40 
 1,141 38 
 
 6,0:10 54 
 21.044 34 
 12, 443 20 
 
 0.241 81 
 49, 950 43 
 
 4.134 52 
 
 132 61 
 
 1 
 
 .... 
 
 2 
 
 73 05 
 
 
 
 1.:.. 
 
 348 42 
 
 
 
 
 1.... 
 
 
 •■••i""'::':r:: 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 21 1:1 
 
 , 3 
 
 ;t7 25 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 48 70 i.... 
 
 417 1.-. 
 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 ^ 1 -' ••••! 
 
 i ' 
 
 
 427 
 
 ! 9, 202 47 . . . !i:t 2, 077 05 
 
 ....,129 1 2,003 72 .... IL'.'-.STl 24 094,709 02 ll. 511,549 21 10,424 C3 
 
 1 1 ■ \ ' 1 1
 
 984 PAPBRS ACCOMPAiCYING TUli 
 
 No. IS. — iitiikmcnt showimj lite rcccipta and diehurbcinents at the luouxyonicr qjffkcs of the 
 United States during thejiacal year ended June 30, IbtfJi. 
 
 KECEIPTS, 
 
 Bnlance in tlio liiinds of postmastors Jnno 30, 1881 $1,427,108 59 
 
 Balance in the hands of tho Assistant United States Treasurer at New- 
 York, N. Y., Juno:50, 1881 2,321,740 83 
 
 Amount deposited with the Assistant United States Treasurer at New 
 York.N. Y 2,054,745 53 
 
 Amount received for domestic money-orders issued. . . $113, 400, 118 21 
 
 Amount received for Canadian international money- 
 orders issued 1, 018, 641 62 
 
 Amount received for British international money- 
 orders issued 2,740,302 09 
 
 Amount received for German international money- 
 orders issued 2,057,705 42 
 
 Amount received for Swiss international money-orders 
 issued 205,820 06 
 
 Amount received for Italian international money- 
 orders issued 408, 221 60 
 
 Amount received for French, international money- 
 orders issu(Ml 99, 738 10 
 
 Amount received for Jamaica international money- 
 orders issued 917 23 
 
 Amount received for New Zealandinternational money- 
 orders issued 1, 561 78 
 
 Amount received for New South Wales international 
 
 money-orders issued 2, 345 75 
 
 Amount received for Victoria international money- 
 orders issued 1,200 83 
 
 Total issued 119,936,632 69 
 
 Amount received for fees on domestic money-orders 
 issued 1,053,710 55 
 
 Amount received for fees on Canadian international 
 money orders issued 17, 244 55 
 
 Amount received for fees on British international 
 money-orders i-ssued 78, 526 30 
 
 Amount received for fees on German international 
 money-orders issued 36, 785 70 
 
 Amount received for fees on Swiss international money- 
 orders issued ! 4, 591 50 
 
 Amount received for fees on Italian international 
 money-orders issued 6, 579 60 
 
 Amount received for fees on French international 
 money-orders issued 1,815 45 
 
 Amount received for fees on Jamaica international 
 money-orders issued 16 65 
 
 Amount received for fees on New Zealand international 
 money-orders issued 27 SO 
 
 Amouut received for fees on New South Wales inter- 
 national money-orders issued 36 75 
 
 Amount received for fees on Victoria international 
 money-orders issued 19 95 
 
 Total fees 1,199,354 80 
 
 Amount i-eceived for premiums, &o 828 07 
 
 Amount received for deposits 90,339,829 68 
 
 Amount received for drafts 10,823,200 96 
 
 Amount transferred from postage fund 905, 707 61 
 
 Amount overpaid by postmasters 9,990 70 
 
 Total receipts 229,019,139 46 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS. 
 
 Amount of domestic money-orders paid .$112, 605, 295 84 
 
 Amount of Canadian international money-orders paid. 785, 326 01 
 
 Amount of British international money-orders paid.. 407, 766 93 
 
 Amount of German intornational money-orders paid. 1, 047, 940 77
 
 REPORT OF THE l>0fc>TMA8TEB-GENEKAL. 985 
 
 Amount of Swiss international luouey-ordcrs paid.. . 5ll3,'21h; 05 
 
 Amount of Italian international money-orders paid,. 19,616 ^7 
 
 Amount of PYeneh international money-ordera paid.. 57,352 79 
 
 Amount of Jamaica international money-ordere paid. 8,284 13 
 Amount of New Zealand international money-orders 
 
 paid 9,202 47 
 
 Amount of New South Wales international money- 
 
 order8i)aid 2,077 05 
 
 Amount of A'^ictoria international money-orders paid. 2, 603 72 
 
 Total paid 115,05^,758 G3 
 
 Amount of domestic money-orders repaid. $783,006 06 
 
 Amount of Canadian international money- 
 orders reiiaid 4, 296 73 
 
 Amount oi British international money- 
 orders repaid 5,479 96 
 
 Amount of German international money- 
 orders repaid i.. 10, 421 15 
 
 Amount of Swiss international money- 
 orders repai<l 859 25 
 
 Amoimt of Italian international money- 
 orders repaid 715 98 
 
 Amount oi French international money- 
 orders repaid 745 10 
 
 Amount of Jamaica international money- 
 orders repaid 
 
 Amount of New Zealand international 
 money-orders repaid 
 
 Amount of New South Wales international 
 money-orders repaid 
 
 Amount of Victoria international money- 
 orders repaid 
 
 Totalrepaid 805,f^24 23 
 
 Amount transferred to postage fund 752, *i04 83 
 
 Amount deposited at first-class otlices 105,684,110 64 
 
 Amount paid for incidental expenses 125,371 24 
 
 Amount paid for commissions and clerk-hire 694,709 62 
 
 Miscellaneous items 10, 424 65 
 
 Amount of drafts drawn on and paid by the Assistant 
 
 United States Treasurer at New York, N. Y 1 , 753, 430 95 
 
 Balance in the hands of the Assistant United States 
 
 Treasurer at New York, N. Y., June 30, 1882 2, 623, 055 41 
 
 Balance in the hands of postmasters June 30, 1882.. . 1, 511, 549 21 
 
 Total disbursements ^229,019,139 46 
 
 No. 13. — Statement showing the revenue which accrued on domexllc money-order transaO' 
 tions for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 Amount received for fees on issued orders $1, 053, 710 55 
 
 Amount received for premiums, &.c i^.i>^ 07 
 
 1, 05-1,538 62 
 Amount allowed postmasters for commissions and clerk- 
 hire .?652,399 or. 
 
 Lost remittances 1, 105 00 
 
 Bad debts :W,0S3 52 
 
 Incidental expenses H7,C(»lt f<7 
 
 Net revenue 280,341 17 
 
 1,054,.V.H (;2
 
 986 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 
 
 No. 14. — Statement sliowing the revenue which accrued on international money-order transac- 
 tions fur the fiscal year ended June 30, 1881. 
 
 CANADIAN. 
 
 Ainouiit received for fi-os on issued orders $14,0.58 G.'i 
 
 Aniount allowed postmasters: 
 
 For coniinissioiiH and clerk-hire $r),153 47 
 
 For incidental expenses 101 70 
 
 Excess of commissions paid Canada i'2?^ ^^ 
 
 Net revenue • ' 7,77G 31 
 
 14,0.-)8G.T 
 
 BRITISH. 
 
 Amount received for fees on issued orders $58, 225 10 
 
 Gain in excliange 10,866 93 
 
 69, 122 03 
 Amount allowed postmasters : 
 
 For commissions and clerk-lii re $14,949 14 
 
 For incidental expenses 140 84 
 
 Excess of commissions paid Great Britain 12,365 26 
 
 Net revenue 41,666 79 
 
 69, 122 03 
 
 GKRMAN. 
 
 Amount received for fees on issued orders $24,904 60 
 
 Gain in exchange 12,250 44 
 
 37,155 04 
 Amount allowed postmasters: 
 
 For commissions and clerk-Lire......... $14,174 64 
 
 For incidental expenses 179 43 
 
 Excess of commissions paid Germany 3, 892 87 
 
 Net revenue 18,908 10 
 
 37, 155 04 
 
 SWISS. 
 
 Amount received f<u- fees on issued orders $4, 106 90 
 
 Gain in excliauge - 337 34 
 
 4,444 24 
 Amount allowed postmasters : 
 
 For commissions and clerk-hire $1,646 70 
 
 For incidental expenses 16 57 
 
 Excess of commissions jiaid Switzerland 338 64 
 
 Net revenue 2,442 33 
 
 4, 444 24 
 
 ITALIAN. 
 
 Amount received for fees on issued orders S4, 497 94 
 
 Gain in exchange 6, 875 57 
 
 11,373 47 
 Amount allowed postmasters : 
 
 For commissions and clerk-hire $1,098 70 
 
 For incidental expenses 19 42 
 
 Excess of commissions paid Italy 1,786 10 
 
 Net revenue .' 8,469 25 
 
 11, 373 47 
 
 FRENCH. 
 
 Amount received for fees on issued orders §1, 333 30 
 
 Gain in exchange 914 27 
 
 Amount allowed postmasters : 2, 247 57 
 
 For counnissions and clerk-hire $S47 (54 
 
 For incidental expenses 11 46 
 
 Excess of commissions paid France 225 07 
 
 Netrevenue 1,163 40 
 
 ■ 2,247 57
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 987 
 
 No. 15. — Slatement shoicing the transfers to and from the money-order account during the 
 fiscal year ended June 30, IBrJ. 
 
 Amount transferred from postage to money-order account $905,707 Gl 
 
 Amount transferred from money-order to jiostage account. $752, 204 88 
 Less balance due postage account from June DO, 18dl (trans- 
 ferred September23, Ibdl) 404,505 07 
 
 207,099 81 
 Balance due postage account June 30, 1882 (transferred 
 
 September 27, l!?tf2) 018,007 60 
 
 905,707 61 
 
 No. 10. — Statement of assets and liabilities June 20, lStf2. 
 
 ASSKTS. 
 
 Balance in the bands of Assistant Treasurer at New York June 30, 1832. $2, G-2:\, 055 41 
 Balance in tbe bands of postmasters June 30, 1882 1,511,549 21 
 
 4,134,604 62 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Revenue on domestic money-order account §280,341 17 
 
 Revenue on internation.'U money-order account HO, 420 18 
 
 Amount due postage account 618, 007 80 
 
 Unpaid domestic and international money -orders and bal- 
 ances of unadjusted international accounts 3,155,829 47 
 
 4,134,604 62 
 
 No. 17. — Wvighl of letters, vewspapcrx, <J"c., sent from the United States to European 
 countries duriny thefisc<il year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 Steanisliip lines. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Germany. 
 
 France. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Papers, &.c. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Tapers, &.c. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Papers, &c. 
 
 Ciinaril 
 
 ■\Vhifo Star 
 
 Liverj»<><il »n<l Great West- 
 
 em Stoaiii Coiii)iaiiv 
 
 Hanibiirft-Anivrirnn I'lickft 
 
 Grams. 
 1.1, C99, 824 
 2U, 20ti, 418 
 
 20,015,780 
 
 3, 145, 491 
 
 3. 4.-.2, 238 
 
 VJ,7'>r>, 109 
 
 2.2i:i,3KI 
 
 190, 022 
 
 -•:l,4f2 
 
 Grams. 
 
 63, .'■)97, 208 
 92, 723, 5ii2 
 
 89, 807, 477 
 
 15,893,831 
 
 15, 320, sn« 
 
 C.">.:i8», S19 
 
 12,675,212 
 
 2, 298. 5»4 
 
 5, 542, 244 
 
 Grains. 
 
 5, 590, 074 
 2, 115, 523 
 
 11,1.55,924 
 
 9, 349, 730 
 
 16,311.319 
 
 1, 3.5:1, 890 
 
 199, 005 
 
 Grams. 
 
 13,081, Oil 
 3, 310, 492 
 
 36, 407, 152 
 
 32, 987, 050 
 
 01.770.004 
 
 2,013,31(0 
 
 472, 930 
 
 Orams. 
 
 672. 676 
 2, 447, 477 
 
 2, 395, 046 
 
 1,336,381 
 
 079, 701 
 1, 0:12. 0.54 
 
 85,588 
 
 Grains. 
 L 2.-.7, 237 
 10, 278, 933 
 
 13, 573, 135 
 
 8, 079, 583 
 
 1, 808, SSI 
 
 ICortli (ii'i-inau Liu;, il of 
 
 
 7 r>70 43.1 
 
 Auchiir 
 
 710, 18.1 
 
 Aincricau Stvaiimliip Cimi- 
 
 pllllV 
 
 K<«1 Star 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1, 859. 678 
 
 8. 800. 517 
 
 >'('tli(M'liiii(ls Steam N.'» i;.:i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 80,115.747 
 
 383. 249, SM 
 
 
 1.50,738,899 
 21.281,690 
 
 11,108,001 
 080,304 
 
 52,?34,003 
 
 
 Increase rompared with lost 
 Uscalyear 
 
 •,437.981 
 
 59, oca, 5:ii 
 
 0. 931, 318
 
 :)88 
 
 TAl-EHH ACOOMrANYlNG THE 
 
 Ko. 17. — IWitjht of Icllvva, newspapers, ijx. — Continued. 
 
 
 Italf. 
 
 Belg 
 
 ium. 
 
 Denmark. 
 
 Stoainsltii) linos. 
 
 Letters, j Papers, &c. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Papers, &.C. 
 
 Lcttf-rs. 
 
 Papers, &c. j 
 
 
 Grams, i Grams. 
 
 955, 390 3, 859, 887 
 1, 212, 197 7, 197, 311 
 
 1, 435, 462 5, 778, 294 
 
 212, 201 1, 191, 686 
 
 286,400 1,412,090 
 921,118 i 5,186,61)1 
 62, 520 :;51, 040 
 
 Grams. 
 226, 884 
 304,516 
 
 284, 182 
 
 44, 722 
 
 72. 610 
 
 242, 478 
 11,005 
 
 Grams. 
 
 82U, Kt2 
 1, 585, 494 
 
 1, 304, 582 
 
 203, 075 
 
 302, 901 
 
 1, 142, 889 
 
 92, 573 
 
 Grams. 
 239, 2JiO 
 3,790 
 
 678, 795 
 
 486, 055 
 
 1,004,110 
 13, 050 
 34, 840 
 
 Grams. 
 321, 342 
 4,060 
 
 1, 232, 838 
 
 902, 103 
 
 1, 347. 160 
 
 "WliitoStar 
 
 Livorpool iind Great West- 
 ern Steam Conipauy 
 
 Hauibui'ii-Amencau Packet 
 
 Xorth Genuan Lloyd of 
 
 
 28, 070 
 
 
 89, 440 
 
 
 
 American Steamship Gom- 
 
 I j 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 7,100 
 
 13, 152 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Netherlan(il8 Steam Naviga- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totil 
 
 5, 085, 348 
 
 24, 976, 905 
 
 1, 253, 497 
 
 5, 525, 498 
 
 2, 459, 920 
 
 3, 925, 033 
 
 
 
 
 1, 315, 338 
 
 3,444,085 
 
 95,766 
 
 417, 347 
 
 685,490 
 
 339, 533 
 
 
 
 
 Netherlands. 
 
 Switzerland. 
 
 Spain. 
 
 Steamship lines. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Papers, &c. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Papers, &c. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Papers, &c. 
 
 
 Grams. 
 462, 336 
 698, 408 
 
 543, 724 
 
 96, 370 
 
 141, 695 
 428, 573 
 
 Gi'ams. 
 
 894,974 
 2, 276, 759 
 
 1, 513, 403 
 
 320, 713 
 
 391, 898 
 IfiSfi. 890 
 
 Grams. 
 553, 604 
 881, 166 
 
 818, 055 
 
 133, 209 
 
 161, 995 
 
 572, 475 
 
 36, 900 
 
 Grams. 
 1, 897, 452 
 4, 067, 892 
 
 4, 326, 907 
 
 759, 256 
 
 715, 538 
 
 2, 937, 923 
 
 186, 840 
 
 Orams. 
 214, 258 
 318, 819 
 
 262, 592 
 
 50, 508 
 
 .55, 530 
 
 220, 852 
 
 9,000 
 
 Grams. 
 1, 149, 497 
 
 Wliite Star 
 
 2, 389, 060 
 
 ern Steam Company 
 
 Hamburg- American Packet 
 
 Company 
 
 North German Lloyd of 
 
 Bremen 
 
 1, 806, 182 
 
 374, 316 
 
 361, 010 
 l,(i41,980 
 
 Anchor 
 
 22,300 j ' 92,840 
 
 97,000 
 
 American Steamship Com- j 1 
 
 
 
 Bed Star ' 1 -- 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 ' 1 
 
 
 
 Netherlands Steam Naviga- 
 tion Company 
 
 j 2, 030 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 2, 395, 436 
 
 ^ 7,077,477 
 
 I 3, 157, 404 
 
 14, 891, 808 
 
 : 1,131,559 
 
 7, 819, 045 
 
 Increase compared with last 
 fiscal year 
 
 317, 096 
 
 1,243,657 
 
 1 417, 864 
 
 2, 048, 428 
 
 1 74,019 
 
 1, 0S9, 505
 
 REPORT OF THE PORTMASTER-GENERAL. 989 
 
 No. 17. — Weight of letters, neiospapers, ^c. — Continued. 
 
 SteamsLip lines. 
 
 Portugal. 
 
 Sweden. 
 
 1 
 
 j Norway. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Papers, die. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Papers, etc 
 
 1 Letters. 
 
 Papers, &c 
 
 
 Grams, 
 
 21,775 
 33,064 
 
 47.76C 
 
 7.200 
 
 5,798 
 
 22,970 
 
 360 
 
 Grama. 
 
 i:),580 
 71,529 
 
 39, 276 
 
 11,420 
 
 .<■., 835 
 
 52, 405 
 
 420 
 
 Gram*. 
 1,018.890 
 22,620 
 
 2, 940, 130 
 
 2,371,210 
 
 3, 852, 330 
 60,970 
 185,900 
 
 Gram*. 
 1,301,844 
 14,940 
 
 6, 725, 024 
 
 3,490,880 
 
 8, 057, 563 
 180. 740 
 574,040 
 
 Gram*. 
 
 461.415 
 119, <j90 
 
 1, 573, WO 
 1,135.700 
 
 2, 082, 073 
 
 87.850 
 38,470 
 
 Gram*. 
 
 674 fC 
 
 Wliite Star 
 
 117 VJy 
 
 Liverpool and Great Weet- 
 
 eni Steam Company 
 
 Hambiirg-American i»acket 
 
 2,Dll,5tO 
 
 1, 646, 401 
 
 3, 219, 053 
 160.560 
 52,090 
 
 Xorth German Lloyd of 
 
 
 
 
 American Steamship Com- 
 
 
 .. 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 lied i>tar i 
 
 
 
 
 
 French j 
 
 .. 
 
 
 
 
 Netherlands Steam Naviga- 
 tion Company .....1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 ' 
 
 Total 
 
 138,933 
 
 196,465 
 
 10, 452, 055 
 
 20,345,031 
 
 5,497,640 
 
 8,991.296 
 
 Increase rompared with last 
 
 
 
 3, 072, 805 
 
 9, 163, 071 
 
 1,545,250 
 
 3.«n,70« 
 
 
 
 Steamship lines. 
 
 Austria. 
 
 Turkey. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Papers, &0. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Papers, &c 
 
 
 Gramt. 
 280,860 
 63, 835 
 618, 275 
 437,710 
 830, 6l'U 
 :>A, 490 
 41,000 
 
 Gramx. 
 
 Wl,7i« 
 
 93, 9li4 
 
 1.67J,497 
 
 1, 19».940 
 
 2, r>8»;, '.c'l 
 
 VS2. VA 
 187, 440 
 
 Gram*. 
 
 Iv VV, 
 ir,. -.-.n 
 
 Oram*. 
 
 703 'tTO 
 
 
 1 li'i .It 
 
 Liverpool and Great Westen 
 IlarabnTjt-American Packet ( 
 Korth German Lloyd of Brei 
 
 1 Steam Com 
 
 pany 
 
 -- : T.Mi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 , , 
 
 63 ''■'0 
 
 
 
 American Steamship Conipa 
 ]t«-d Star 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 
 ...... ......|..... 
 
 Netherlands Steam Navigati 
 
 on Company 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,330,799 
 
 6, 499. 955 
 
 2lt.-|, 2.'vO 
 
 4 121 294 
 
 
 fiscal year. . 
 
 
 
 
 Increase compared with last 
 
 
 
 250,850 
 
 8,406,014 
 
 
 R 
 
 ECAPITUI 
 
 .ATION. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Countr 
 
 es. 
 
 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Paper^&c. 
 
 
 Gramt. 
 
 80.11.1,747 
 4«>. 070. 131 
 11. Ui.\6lil 
 fi. 08.'.. 348 
 
 1. 253. 407 
 
 2, 450, 920 
 a, :H».\ 4.16 
 3. 157. 404 
 1,131. MO 
 
 138.n3.'« 
 10, 4.V.'. 0,-..-, 
 \ 497, (40 
 2. :t.'«l, 7l»9 
 
 29:.. iM 
 
 Oram*. 
 
 363 249 886 
 
 
 i.^ii 7:m .sno 
 
 
 .12, 2.H, 902 
 
 
 24, :*:>; o,:, 
 
 
 
 \\ -v-""' 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 14 - 
 
 
 
 
 ' , 
 
 
 20, 
 
 
 8 : 
 
 
 6. j 
 
 
 4 I'l '"H 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i:i.4;m..i2o 
 
 670. .'.Ort. 104 
 
 Increaao compnrcd with last 
 
 fiscal year.. 
 
 
 
 
 118,484.341 
 

 
 990 
 
 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
 
 j^o, IS. — Weight of letters, newspapers, <f c, sent from the United Slates to countries and col- 
 onics (other than European) of the Universal Postal Union during the fiscal year ended 
 June 30, 1882. 
 
 Countries. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Kewspapers, 
 
 &.C. 
 
 Cuba and Porto Eico 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Unitwl States of Colombia 
 
 Japan 
 
 Hong-Kong 
 
 Brazil ■ 
 
 Sandwich Islands 
 
 Shanghai 
 
 Jamaica 
 
 Bermada 
 
 Chili 
 
 Peru 
 
 Newfoundland 
 
 Hayti 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 Venezuela........ 
 
 Honduras ~ 
 
 Curacoa 
 
 Trinidad 
 
 Salvador — 
 
 Bahamas - 
 
 Ecuador - 
 
 Guatemala 
 
 Argentine Ecpublic ... 
 
 Saint Domingo 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Windward Islands . 
 
 Manila. 
 
 Turk's Island 
 
 St. Pierre and Miquelon 
 
 Nicaragua 
 
 Martinique and Guadeloupe. 
 
 Singapore 
 
 Java 
 
 New Caledonia... 
 
 Saigon 
 
 Paraguay 
 
 Total. 
 
 Grams. 
 
 4,773,161 
 
 2, 698, 199 
 
 1, 138, 280 
 
 1, OOB, 935 
 
 746, 485 
 
 744, 443 
 
 588, 655 
 
 507, 725 
 
 428, 525 
 
 400, 690 
 
 311, 340 
 
 308, 590 
 
 303, 266 
 
 302, 960 
 
 271, 506 
 
 258, 330 
 
 396,900 
 
 178, 170 
 
 154, 460 
 
 154, 430 
 
 IM, 192 
 
 154, 045 
 
 149, 125 
 
 129, 326 
 
 86, 480 
 
 61, 278 
 
 59, 680 
 
 42, 255 
 
 34, 965 
 
 31,010 
 
 14, 965 
 
 17, 870 
 
 9,910 
 
 5,830 
 
 4,215 
 
 1,695 
 
 365 
 
 16, 430, 256 
 
 Increase compared with last fiscal year 
 
 4, 660, 080 
 
 Cframs. 
 27, 299, 796 
 27, 177, 273 
 10, 865, 319 
 12, 452, 520 
 
 3, 095, 860 
 6, 578, 818 
 6, 608, 390 
 
 4, 740, 150 
 3, 293, 360 
 
 2, 817, 600 
 4, 595, 375 
 
 5, 406, 303 
 
 3, 032, 636 
 3, 373, 500 
 3, 161, 050 
 1, 702, 900 
 1, 724, 393 
 
 734, 034 
 1, 051, 070 
 1, 458, 469 
 
 1, 434, 947 
 1, 247, 550 
 
 2, 292, 445 
 1, 517, 288 
 1, 071, 260 
 
 466, 352 
 
 604, 180 
 
 108, 670 
 
 327, 900 
 
 294, 725 
 
 174, 930 
 
 119, 734 
 
 104, 250 
 
 21,450 
 
 68,670 
 
 7,170 
 
 2,620 
 
 141, 032, 957 
 
 53, 402, 387 
 
 No. 19. — Nkimier of letters exchanged ietweenthe United States and non-postal union countries 
 during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882. 
 
 Countries. 
 
 Shanghai, China 
 
 Panama, Central America, &;c 
 New Zealand, Australia, &c . . 
 
 Guatemala 
 
 British Columbia 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 Total 
 
 Decrease compared with last fiscal year . 
 
 Received. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 21, 397 
 
 40, 744 
 
 9,718 
 
 1,804 
 
 147, 388 
 
 Sent. 
 
 Lettert. 
 48, 150 
 23,216 
 
 17, 271 
 6.532 
 
 95,169 
 
 338,996 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 Hon. T. O. Howe, 
 
 Postmaster- General, 
 
 J. H. ELA, 
 
 Auditor.
 
 REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE, 
 
 DEPAKTilENT OF AGRICULTURE, 
 
 WasJiuujton, B. C, November 20, 1882. 
 To the President: 
 
 I respectliilly submit the annual report of the Department of Agri- 
 culture for the year 1882. 
 
 During the past season the work of the department has been vigor- 
 ously prosecuted on the line laid down in m^' coinmunicatiou of Xovem- 
 ber 25, 1881. I have made personal investigation of the condition of 
 farming in most of the great agricultural States of the Union, and have 
 been deeply imi)ressed by the energy and skill with which the industry 
 is conducted and the manifest success which attends it, as evinced by 
 the prosperous appearance of the lands and homesteads of the people. 
 I have visited as many of the agricultural colleges as possible, and have 
 endeavored to impress upon these institutions the desire of the depart- 
 ment to co-operate with them in their efforts to dittuso sound practical 
 information throughout the country for the benetit of those who are en- 
 gaged in conducting our great industrial enterprises and developing 
 the enormous wealth of our resources. And whenever an object of im- 
 portance connected with the industry which this department represents 
 has presented itself, I have employed competent investigators to explore 
 and report. The liberally iucreat^ed appropriations made at the last 
 session of Congress for the benefit of the department have been used in 
 such a manner as seemed most i>romotive of the objects which that body 
 liiul in view, and the cx[)enditiireK have been contined strictly to the 
 divisions and work for wliich the appropriations were specitically made. 
 Provision has been made for the care and protection of the valuable 
 collections of minerals, ores, woods, and agricult ural i)rotlucts presented 
 to the department by the exhibitors at the Atlanta Exposition of 1881, 
 and in a temporary and convenient building on the grounds of the de- 
 partment these collections have been admirably arranged for easy access 
 by those who desire to witness the i)roducing capacity of those sections 
 of our country which have furnished the exhibits. 
 
 A new building is nearly completed for the storing and distributing 
 of the large amount of seed now provided by Congress. 
 
 991
 
 992 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OP AGRICULTURE. 
 
 The success wliicli attended the conventions held at the department 
 in January, 1882, has induced me to call others in Januarj^, 1883, to 
 which representatives of the agricultural colleges and societies have 
 been called together for the purpose of discussing the most important 
 points relating to agricultural education, the animal industry of the 
 United States, and the cotton industry. 
 
 I have received through the State Department a communication from 
 Hamburg, requesting this country to unite with the great agricultural 
 nations of Europe in an exhibition of domestic animals, and the various 
 methods of feeding and plans for shelter, in July, 1883, which I trust 
 will receive the consideration of Congress. 
 
 DIVISION OF aARDENS AND GROUNDS. 
 
 The number of plants distributed since my last report amounts to 
 about 70,000. The seeming falling off in numbers from those of recent 
 years is due to the reduction of the number of tea plants, that distribu- 
 tion being partly met with plants from the tea nursery in South Caro- 
 lina. Compared with the amount of appropriation available for this 
 particular work, the number of plants propagated is large; and as they 
 are mainly packed so as to be sent through the mail, a considerable 
 amount of labor is required. About 4,500 packages, averaging 15 plants 
 to each package, necessarily involves much manipulation in their prepar- 
 ation for the post-ofifice. 
 
 Attention is again directed to the necessity of establishing branches 
 of this division in semi-tropical climates for the more extensive propa- 
 gation of semi-tropical plants. The demands of the country for plants 
 of this character for the purposes of experimentation are constant and 
 persistent, and as the department is at present situated in regard to 
 facilities and encouragement in the propagation of such plants, but 
 little of essential value can be done. 
 
 The distribution of economic plants is prosecuted to as great an ex- 
 tent as the capabilities and appropriations for this particular purpose 
 will admit. Efforts towards the introduction of the tea plant are 
 vigorously maintained. The tea plantation instituted in the spring of 
 1881 is progressing favorably. Several acres have been planted and 
 the plants are making a satisfactory growth, so that in the course of a 
 few years they will be in good condition to fairly test the question of 
 profitable manufacture, which is, in fact, the only point now awaiting 
 consummation, the question of the adaptability of climate to the mere 
 growth of the plant having long been favorably determined. 
 
 BOTANICAL, DIVISION. 
 
 The work of the botanical division has been steadily pursued through- 
 out the year. Good progress has been made in preparing and mounting 
 specimens and incorporating them in their proper places in the herb-
 
 REPORT OF THE COMillSSIONER OP AGRICULTURE. 993 
 
 ariura, thereby rendering available for study and consultation a large 
 number of new specimens. 
 
 The collection has been largely increased during the past year by the 
 purchase of plants from Florida, Arizona, ^ew Mexico, Texas, and the 
 Pacific slope, and a few from other points. Several packages of xVrctic 
 plants have been received through the Smithsonian Institution, and 
 numerous small packages from various persons, part as donations, part 
 as exchanges. 
 
 Packages of plants have been sent out to individuals as exclianges, 
 also to persons making a special study of some order of plants, and to 
 institutions of learning. The work of describing and illustrating our 
 native grasses for the annual report has been continued, preference 
 having been given to those species concerning which special inquiries 
 have been made during the year by agriculturists and stock-raisers. 
 
 Circulars making inquiries concerning the various species of grass 
 relied upon for hay and grazing were sent to the Southern States, to the 
 Pacific slope, and to the Territories. Much valuable information was 
 obtained, a digest of whi('h is given in the annual report. 
 
 MICROSCOnCAL DIVISION. 
 
 During the past year the work of the division has been of the usual 
 varied character. Many microscoi)ical examinations have been made 
 of breadstuffs, milk, butter, chee.se, sugar, glucose, oleomargarine, food 
 oils, lard, vegetable fats, &c., and in some instances new methods dis- 
 covered for the detection of artificial impurities in them. 
 
 Investigations have been instituted to discover, if possible, the pri- 
 mary cause of what is known as pear-tree blight, so destructive to the 
 interest of orchardists in the Northwest, where sometimes a thousand 
 valuable pear trees are destroyed by this disease in a single orchard in 
 a season. A large collection of microsco])ic sections have been made 
 and mounted to illustrate the distinctive peculiarities of different species 
 of oaks. These investigations have a special commercial and botanical 
 value. 
 
 The microscopist has also made investigation for several divisions of 
 the department, and in some instances for the general government. 
 OorrespomUMRV. has also been k,ept up with eminent Euroi)ean micro 
 scopists as well as those of the United States, and specimens having 
 relation to the work of this division exchanged. 
 
 CnEJIICAL DIVISION. 
 
 The work of the chemical division has been devoted largely to investi- 
 gating the sugar-producing (lualitie.s of sorghum, boots, and other plants, 
 as provided for by Congress. Tlu^ analyses of last year have becij ro- 
 Ijcated, and many varieties of sorghum raised on the grounds of llie 
 department have been subjected to careful laboratory examination. 
 G3 Ab
 
 994 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 Tho laboratory work of 1882 will be necessarily extended beyond the 
 time fixed for the issue of tho forthcoming volume, and must therefore 
 beretainodfora future publication. Tliirty-livcncw varieties of Korghura 
 from Natal, India, and China have been subjected to daily examination, 
 and I am informed by the chemist of the department that preparation 
 is made for analyses of nineteen varieties of bagasse, four varieties of 
 leaves, twelve varieties of juices, twenty-five varieties of sirups from 
 sorghum, together with three hundred and fifteen vegetables, fifty speci- 
 mens of wheat, and twenty-five of soils, during the immediate future. 
 
 Fifty-four miscellaneous analyses, including minerals, spring and well 
 waters, peats, soils, cereals, shales, kaolins, fertilizers, tanning materials, 
 waste products of glucose manufactories, marls, &c., have been performed 
 during the last season, and several hundred determinations of water, 
 nitrogen, and proximate principles have already been made on the veg- 
 etable samples enumerated, and an increasing amount of correspondence 
 has received constant attention. 
 
 At the request of the chemist of the department, I submitted the sor- 
 ghum analyses and work of his division to the National Academy of 
 Sciences on the 30th of January last for investigation by that body. A 
 committee appointed for that purpose entered upon their work with 
 great zeal and energy, and their report, which was laid before me, was, 
 on July 21, withdrawn formally by the secretary of the academy, "for 
 such action as the academy may deem necessary." On the loth of No- 
 vember current, the president of the academy presented to me the final 
 report of that institution, a long and elaborate document, containing a 
 review of the history of the sorghum industry for twenty-five years, a 
 statement of the scientific investigations made in this country and in 
 Europe into the quality of sorghum and maize as sugar-producing plants, 
 a careful examination of the chemical work of the department, a large 
 volume of testimony received from sugar manufacturers, and certain 
 suggestions with regard to future investigations and the work of the 
 department. This report is evidently the result of infinite care, and 
 has been subjected to careful revision, and I trust it will be found a 
 valuable text-book for those engaged in the sorghum sugar industry. As 
 a review of the successes and failures which have attended this industry, 
 it is invaluable. As a guide to those who are engaged in it, it contains 
 all the important results that have thus far been obtained by the chemist 
 in his laboratory and the manufacturer in his mill. This report, together 
 with a most voluminous appendix, making an interesting mass of matter 
 far too large to be inclosed in the annual volume of the department for 
 this year, will be issued at an early day as a special publication. 
 
 The business of manufacturing sugar from sorghum at the depart- 
 ment having failed in 1881, and having furnished discouragement rather 
 than information to those engaged in it, I have called upon the sorghum 
 manufacturers themselves for such information as they could furnish in 
 an accurate manner, for the benefit of the industry they represent. I
 
 REPORT OP THE COMl^HSSIONER OP AGRICULTITRE. 995 
 
 have also made the same request of the manufacturers of sugar from 
 beets. I have received assurances from nearly a hundred manufacturers 
 that they will contribute to this work, and I feel confident that I shall 
 in this way receive a great amount of valuable information. 
 
 I have endeavored from the beginning of my connection with the 
 department so to conduct the work performed here as a part of that 
 interesting investigation into the value of sorghum now going on in the 
 Held of the farmer, and the mill of the manufacturer, and the laboratory 
 of the chemist, as to secure for what ai)pcars to be a growing industry 
 all the information which unprejudiced science and the best practical 
 skill can provide; and I trust the knowledge I have gathered will, when 
 published, be found to be of value. 
 
 ENTOMOLOGICAL DIVISION. 
 
 The work of the entomological division has progressed satisfactorily 
 during the year. The report of the entomologist includes observations 
 on many insects that have attracted attention during the year, while 
 special study has been given to those affecting the principal staples. 
 Yet the observations on these form but a small part of the work of the 
 division, since unpublished notes of observations and experiments have 
 been made on 590 different species more or less injurious, antl about 
 which little or nothing was hitherto known, while many additions have 
 been made to our knowledge of the habits of sjiecies that had previ- 
 ously been but partly studied. 
 
 The chief staples have during the year suffered comparatively little, 
 as a rule, from destructive insects. Yet many serious complaints have 
 come from several sections, and the entomologist has given particular 
 attention to such, visiting the localities that suffered either personally 
 or by proxy. 
 
 The aggregate damage done to our products by injurious insects is 
 enormous, and few fields of inquiry promise more substantial and prac- 
 tical results than systematic and intelligent investigation into the habits 
 of these tiny marauders, and the best means of counteracting their 
 ravages. As an evidence of the interest in and appreciation of the 
 work which the department is doing in this field, some 2,500 letters of 
 inquiry have been received during the year, most of them requiring 
 full replies. This correspondence consumes a large share of the time 
 of the entomologist and his assistants. 
 
 The United States Entomological Commission has ended its field 
 work and has well-nigh completed its office work. The third report of 
 the Commission has been finished and placed in the printer's hands, 
 and the fourth, which is a revised edition of Dr. Kiley's report on the 
 cotton worm, has been delayed so as to include the practical results ob- 
 tained during the present year. The fifth, which is a revised edition of 
 Dr. Packard's report on the insects affecting forest trees, is in course of 
 preparation.
 
 996 KEPORT OF THli COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 In addition to the above documents several bulletins on important 
 insects are being prepared, as also a bibliography of economic ento- 
 mology, and a special report on the insect diseases affecting the orange. 
 Special agents under the direction of the entomologist have been en- 
 gaged in several widely separated parts of the country making ob- 
 servations and experiments on species afl'ecting the orange and the 
 cotton interests ; while a party has explored the northwest regions of 
 the United States and British America with a view of obtaining data 
 in reference to that scourge of the West, the Eocky Mountain locust. 
 
 The course of exploration was through Dakota and Montana to Fort 
 McLeod and back down the South Saskatchewan via. Winnepeg — the 
 object being to depart from beaten routes and to make excursions, by 
 the way, into the great plains. The results of the journey warrant the 
 conclusion that the destructive insect is yet in altogether insufficient 
 numbers in these, its native haunts, to threaten any serious migrations 
 or injury to crops in the more fertile States to the southeast. 
 
 Dr. Kiley has for some years past made it a point to endeavor to 
 collect such data as would warrant anticipation of locust injury or im- 
 munity, and the anticipations, as set forth on repeated occasions, have 
 been verified in a remarkable degree. 
 
 The farmers of the West have, therefore, so far as the data obtained 
 warrant an opinion, the pleasing assurance that their crops will not 
 be ravaged by locusts in 1883. 
 
 The army worm appeared in injurious numbers in several of the 
 Atlantic States, and its advent the present year was also anticipated 
 by the entomologist, who endeavored, through the columns of the agri- 
 cultural press, to prepare farmers for the visitation. In like manner 
 timely information in reference to the cotton worm was disseminated 
 among the planters of the overflowed districts of the Mississippi Valley 
 in anticipation of possible injury, and the subsequent immunity from 
 injury was no doubt largely due to the preparation for meeting the evil 
 in its incipiency which planters in consequence made. Important im- 
 provements in the machinery used in poisoning this insect have been 
 made, and the interesting and mooted question as to whether or not 
 the parent of the worm survives throughout the year within the limits 
 of the United States has been definitely settled in the affirmative. 
 
 Among other subjects worthy of mention in connection with the ento- 
 mological division is the introduction and cultivation of the pyrethrums, 
 which are known to have such great value as insect destroyers, and the 
 l^owder from which is variously sold under the names of " Persian In- 
 sect Powder," "Buhach,"&c. The entomologist has ascertained by 
 experiment that preparations of this plant may be used successfully in 
 the field against several of our worst insect pests, and its cultivation 
 over as wide an area as possible is, consequently, most desirable. A 
 circular giving information about the two species havingthis virtue was 
 accordingly sent out, with seed that had been imported from Russia and
 
 1U::P<>KT of TUE ( OMMiabluNEK « "F AGKlOULTUltK. 
 
 •JOT 
 
 the Caucasus. The experience so far had by the lecipionlH of the seed 
 is, ou the ^vhole, most eiicouraj^inji', as is also that had at Washington, 
 where phmts of both species, j^rowii from seed sown in tlie fall of 1880 
 and spring of 1881, flowered profusely and gave a XK)wder equal in its 
 iiispctici«le qualities to any previously tested. 
 
 DISTRIBUTION OK SEEDS. 
 
 'J'ahulaled atalement showing the quantity and Kind of aeedti ixmied from the need diiiitiitn, 
 Department of Agriculture, undir special appropriation act of Congren^ pai^scd April 11, 
 1382, of S-20,000 /or the flooded diatricta south. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF SKEDS. 
 
 I 'ac Wages. 
 
 VogetabK'S 414,6^ 
 
 Field corn 48, C44 
 
 Field pease 2G,957 
 
 Field beans :?,9C4 
 
 Field niillct 14,348 
 
 Field cotton If/J 
 
 Grand total 508,953 
 
 RECAPITULATE. 
 
 Senators and Members of Congress 1, 058, 479 
 
 State agricultural societies 7,588 
 
 Statistical correspondents 269,177 
 
 Special appropriation 508, 958 
 
 Miscellaneous applicants 552,274 
 
 Grand totals 2,396,476 
 
 Tabulated statement showing the quaiilitij and kind of seeds ixsued from the sctd division, 
 Department of Agriculture, under the gcnaal and special appropriation acts of Congress 
 from Juhj 1, 1881, to June 30, 1882, inclusive. 
 
 BeHoription of seeds. 
 
 Vegetables ... 
 
 I'lowers 
 
 Uerb.s 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 Tree 
 
 Sn&flowor — 
 Opium poppy . 
 I'jTethmm . . . 
 drape vino... 
 Strawberry... 
 
 Tea seed 
 
 Coffco 
 
 107 
 8G 
 15 
 7 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 Paekagt*. 
 
 719. 85& 
 
 7.1. 027 
 
 62,447 
 381 
 
 3l 
 
 Si 
 
 a 
 
 V 
 
 ■a 
 
 3 
 
 H 
 
 V 
 
 Paekagtt. Pafkagu. • Paekagts. 
 
 I I50.M3 I 4U,8M 
 
 3, aw 
 
 4 , 
 
 10. 24« 
 
 14,029 
 
 51 
 
 KIS 
 
 1S0 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 9 9 
 
 a 
 
 Paekagtt. 
 
 300,030 
 
 100.406 
 
 212 
 
 10,9:13 
 
 :m 
 
 ICC 
 48 
 2.017 
 678 
 800 
 
 2 
 O 
 
 Paekagft. 
 
 1,6S1,704 
 
 170.4r.-J 
 
 2in 
 
 83,21.-. 
 
 1,07:. 
 
 256 
 
 64 
 
 2.017 
 
 10,924 
 
 14,805 
 
 54 
 
 439
 
 998 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OP AGRICULTURE. 
 
 TahuJated statement showing the qnantit}i and kind of seeds issued from the seed division, 
 
 Department of Agriculture — Coutiuued. \ 
 
 Description of seeds. 
 
 FIELD SEEDS. 
 
 "WTieat 
 
 Oats 
 
 Com 
 
 SArley 
 
 Bnckwheat 
 
 Eye — 
 
 Sorghnm ^.... 
 
 Sugar-beet 
 
 Mangel warzel 
 
 Grass 
 
 Clover 
 
 Cow-pea , 
 
 Bichardsonia scabra . . 
 
 Borage 
 
 Millet 
 
 Bice 
 
 Turnips, special issue . 
 Beans, special issue ... 
 Pease, special issue — 
 
 TEXTILE. 
 
 Cotton 
 
 Hemp 
 
 Flax^ , 
 
 Jute 
 
 Katnie 
 
 Grand total . 
 
 Packages. 
 
 52, 847 
 
 40, C84 
 
 19, 081 
 
 29 
 
 3,503 
 
 32 
 
 2,377 
 
 5C2 
 279 
 
 35, 700 
 
 20, 257 
 
 Packages. 
 
 C, 084 
 1,408 
 
 24 
 
 54 
 
 1, 058, 479 
 
 Packages. 
 33, 232 
 12, 619 
 15, 230 
 
 5,162 
 
 10,274 
 
 692 
 
 85 
 
 39 
 
 997 
 
 139 
 
 67 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 35, 000 
 
 230 
 
 Packages. 
 
 48,644 
 
 14,348 
 
 3,964 
 26, 957 
 
 Packages. 
 
 5,788 
 
 20, 563 
 
 9,942 
 
 366 
 
 4,715 
 
 659 
 
 3,503 
 
 1,410 
 
 66 
 
 2,883 
 
 828 
 
 133 
 
 43 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 46 
 
 10, 103 
 
 46 
 
 12 
 
 228 
 
 10 
 
 7, 588 269, 177 I 508, 958 552, 274 
 
 Packages. 
 
 97,951 
 
 75, 274 
 
 92,897 
 
 395 
 
 13, 380 
 10,965 
 
 6,572 
 
 1,501 
 
 105 
 
 4,506 
 
 1,254 
 
 200 
 
 59 
 
 13 
 
 14, 350 
 
 43 
 
 70, 700 
 
 3,964 
 
 26. 957 
 
 30,773 
 
 46 
 
 12 
 
 303 
 
 10 
 
 2, 396, 476 
 
 DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS.— WORK OF THE VETERINARY DI- 
 VISION. 
 
 The failure of the corn and hay crops last year resulted in the loss, 
 during the following winter months, of large numbers of farm animals. 
 Since the opening of spring and the reappearance of grass, however, the 
 past season has been an exceptionally favorable one for all classes of 
 domestic animals. If we except Texas fever of cattle, no widespread 
 epidemic has prevailed among any class, and the aggregate loss from 
 disease will be less than in many former years. 
 
 Contagious pleiiro-pneumonia still prevails among cattle in the States 
 heretofore infected, but the area of the infected territory does not seem 
 to have been extended during the year.
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 999 
 
 An outbreak of disease occurred iu a large herd of cattle in Culpeper 
 County, Virginia, iu October last. It was thought to be Texas fever, 
 and Br. IVIiller, a competent veterinarian, was directed by the depart- 
 ment to visit the locality of the outbreak and aflord such relief as was 
 in his power. On his arrival he found but two animals remaining on 
 the place, and they were reported as being in a healthy euudition. 
 
 A number of cattle had .died, and in order to i)rotect himsell" from 
 further loss the owner had ship])ed all those that showed no evidences 
 of disease to the Baltimore cattle market. 
 
 From all the information the inspector of the department was able to 
 glean respecting the symptoms of the malady and pout mortem appear- 
 ances of the animals, he was led to believe that the disease was conta- 
 gious i)leuro-pneumoiiia, or lung plague. However, as he saw no sick 
 animals and had no opportunity of making a j^ost mortem examination 
 himself, the identity of the disease must remain iu doubt. • 
 
 A number of both acute and chronic cases of lung plague were fouud 
 by the inspectors of the department during their examinations of the 
 past season in the States of Kew Jersey and Maryland. In the early 
 part of the season a few cases were reported from Pennsylvania, caused 
 by the importation of diseased or infected cattle from Maryland. 
 
 Texas fever of cattle prevailed over a wider extent of country during 
 the season just closed than for many years. But few of the northern and 
 border States escaped its ravages. The department sent members of the 
 veterinary corps to a number of localities in Virginia, West Virgin ia, Ohio, 
 Illinois, and Kansas, where the disease was reported as prevailing in a 
 most destructive form, for the purpose of instituting such precautionary 
 and preventive measures as would most quickly supi)ress the malady by 
 preventing its further extension. In addition to this the department 
 issued special report No. 50, which it widely distributed among the 
 farmers and stock-raisers where southern cattle are usually grazed dur- 
 ing the summer and fall months. This monograph coutained, in addi- 
 tion to the report of Dr. W. B. E. Miller, a valuable paper from the pen of 
 Dr. D. E. Salmon on the best means for controlling the contagion by the 
 prevention of its further extension. 
 
 In addition to investigations of sporadic outbroaks of disease iu widely 
 separated localities, those emi)loyed by the veterinary division have con- 
 tinued the investigation of fowl (iholera, swine plague, Texas fever ot 
 cattle, and a number of contagious diseases incident to sheep, with a 
 view to determining their cause and the discovery of a remedy or pre- 
 ventive for the same. Dr. Detmers has spent the greater part of the 
 year in Texas in the study of the i)eculiar fever whii^h seems to have its 
 homo in the bodies of cattle raised in that State, and of some of the more 
 destructive contagious diseases that yearly destroy thousands of sheep 
 in the extensive ranges of the South and Southwest. The experiments 
 with contagious dise;uses generally are of a very delicate nature, an<l 
 the results sought necessarily of slow attainment. This seems especially
 
 1000 ItKPOKT OF Tin: (.'O.MMHSIONEIl Or AGRICULTURE. 
 
 I ho ca8c with Texas lever ul" cattle, but as the end sought is one of such 
 ^roat import auee to the I'liture cattle interests of the couutry, the small 
 sum annually expended iu efforts to discover the true vii-us of the mal- 
 ady will be considered of no consequence in comjiai-ison to the great 
 beiiolits which must result should these efforts eventually be crowned 
 with success. 
 
 While ])r. Salmon lias been studying the nature of the contagioiLS 
 and intxictious diseases which are so fatal to the various species of live 
 stock in the different parts of the country, in order that we may know ex- 
 actly what causes them, how this cause is distributed from place to 
 ]>lace, and what are the most efficient and practical means of destroying 
 it, he has had another and equally important object in view. 
 
 It is now certain that with most of these diseases the living animal 
 may be brought into a condition to completely resist the effects which 
 ^.sually follow exposure to the virus; that, strange as it may appear, 
 animals may be rendered i^erfectly safe though they are exposed on 
 every side to the germs of our most fatal diseases. 
 
 From the first he has been endeavoring to perfect the means of ob- 
 taining this desirable result, and although the investigation has been 
 an extremely dilBcult one, some very satisfactory discoveries have been 
 made. A new and very practical method of lessening the effects of the 
 most virulent virus has been developed, which is very manageable with 
 chicken cholera, and which it is believed is applicable to other diseases. 
 
 Inoculation with such attenuated virus is only followed by a slight 
 local irritation, and when this subsides the individual is found to have 
 acquired a very complete degree of insusceptibility. As soou as the 
 details concerning this are worked out it will be possible to furnish 
 vaccine from the department with which the farmer in different parts 
 of the country can protect his animals from, certainly, a number of the 
 plagues which are now so destructive, and it is hoped that this will be 
 true of all the important ones. 
 
 The experiments with Texas or Spanish fever of cattle seem to have 
 demonstrated very conclusively that this disease may be successfully 
 inoculated by using material obtainedfrom the spleen of sick cattle. A 
 peculiar micrococcus has been found in this material and cultivated out- 
 side of the body, but in such cultivations it loses its virulence. Exper- 
 iments will soon be undertaken to learn the reason of this, and to dis- 
 cover, if possible, a vaccine that will protect the cattle exposed to 
 infected pastures. The investigations of the year have shown that a 
 large part of the State of Virginia is permanently infected with this dis- 
 ease, and that cattle from this district are as dangerous as those from 
 Texas. It was ignorance of this fact that led to the enormous losses of 
 cattle in that State during the past summer. 
 
 The extension of the territory permanently infected by this plague, a 
 fact first established by the investigations of this department, has been 
 abundantly contii-medj the border line of the dangerous district is ad-
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER ©F AGRICULTURE. 1001 
 
 vaucing across the previously liealtby country at the rate of from outi 
 to four miles imjf annum. 
 
 Notwithstanding the importance of this fact the people most directly 
 interested have scarcely suspected it, and much less have they attempted 
 any effective means to check such extension. It is believed that the 
 investigations now in progress will clearly outline this district and will 
 furnish sufficient data bearing upon other points of the question to en- 
 able the interested States to make intelligent and effective laws for 
 holding this dangerous plague in check until we learn sufficient in re- 
 gard to its nature to enable us to attempt its extermination with some 
 hope of success. 
 
 Wliat has been discovered by the investigation of this disease cannot 
 fail to be of the greatest value, not only to the affected district but to 
 the country at large. It has been generally supposed that the only cattle 
 capable ol iatecting northern pastures were those from the neighboi^ 
 hood of our South Atlantic and Gulf coasts from South Carolina to 
 Texas; but it is shown that this dangerous district has advanced until 
 it includes nearly all of North Carolina east of the Blue Ridge, and has 
 even crossed the James River in Virginia, 
 
 It has never heretofore been doubted that the contagion of Texas 
 fever was destroyed by frost and coidd not survive the winter in sections 
 where freezing weather occurred ; but it is now demonstrated that this 
 view is incorrect, that in many parts of the infected district it resist^; 
 severe winters, and that as it advances northward this power of resist- 
 ance is gradually increased. 
 
 These extremely important facts show the necessity of continuing'this 
 mvestigation until we have acquired the means of controlling, if not of 
 exterminating, the contagious diseases which are on the increase among 
 our animals, and which threaten to destroy the great advantage which 
 the farmers of this country have heretofore enjoyed in the live-stock 
 industry. Detailed reports of the results of the work undertaken and 
 prosecuted during the year will be submitted hereafter. 
 
 The call upon the department for veterinary investigation, during the 
 year 1882, has been very great. The sudden and unaccountable out- 
 break of disease among domestic animals has been a matter of great 
 anxiety in many portions of the country. As the number of our cattle, 
 horses, sheep, and swine increases, the outbreak of contagious diseases 
 also increases. The annaal disturbances, moreover, incident to the work 
 and confinement to which all classes of animals are subjected, which 
 are held in immediate domestication, also increase as our population 
 grows more and more dense. 
 
 To meet the calls which this state of affairs creates, I kave been 
 obliged to dei)end on such tempoi'ary and outside service as I could ob- 
 tain. The absence of a well-organized veterinary division has been 
 severely felt in the department, and it is of the utmost importance that 
 such a division should be established, in which all investigations can
 
 1002 BEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 bediiTotedby a competent bead, and on which the owners of live stock 
 can call for counsel and aid. It is important to know the precise extent 
 of existing disease. It is important to know how to guard against the 
 spread of contagion and how to provide for its removal. It is important 
 to know, if possible, the most economical remedies for disease, and how 
 best to avoid the vast annual loss of animals from bad treatment and 
 exi)osure. It is important also to ascertain, by the most careful inves- 
 tigation, the breeds best adapted to different localities and purposes in 
 our country. To do this a well-organized division of veterinary inquiry 
 an<l animal industry in this department is absolutely necessary. 
 
 DIVISION OF STATISTICS. 
 
 The division of statistics has pursued its general and special lines of 
 effort, during the year, with new energy and persistence. Following a 
 year the most disastrous to j)roductiou known in the recent history of 
 American agriculture, it has been the more difficult to mark accurately 
 resulting changes in area and production of the present season, which 
 has been one of extraordinary character, threatening throughout the 
 planting season another year of comparative failure, from supersatura- 
 tion of soils and river overflows, and thenceforward repairing continu- 
 ously the early loss of condition by seasonable moisture and requisite 
 sunshine, with little deterioration from storm or flood, drought or insect 
 depredations. 
 
 From Maine to New Jersey on the Atlantic coast, an exception occurs 
 in the prevalence of drought through the months of July and August. 
 The unusual lateness of kUling frosts crowned the record of the season's 
 favors and secured a medium to full supply of all the various crops of 
 the farm. 
 
 In recent years the aggregate production of cereals h: - reached a 
 maximum of about 2,700 millions of bushels Last year it fell nearly 
 to 2,000 millions. The present crops, with s( me increase of area, wiU 
 make nearly 2,700 millions. It is too early for the complete estimates 
 of the year, but the results will be close to the following figures, which 
 are given in connection with those of 1881 and the census results for the 
 year 1879. 
 
 • 
 
 Department of Agriculture. 
 
 Census. 
 
 
 1882. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1879. 
 
 Corn ^ 
 
 Wheat •• 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 1, 635, 000, 000 
 
 510, 001), 000 
 
 470, 000, 000 
 
 45, 000, 000 
 
 20, 000, 000 
 
 12, 000, 000 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 1, 194, 910, 000 
 
 383, 2811, 090 
 
 41C, 481, 000 
 
 41, IGl, 330 
 
 20, 704, 950 
 
 9, 486, 200 
 
 Bmhtls. 
 
 1,754,861,535 
 
 459, 479. .505 
 
 407, 858, 999 
 
 44,113,495 
 
 19, 831, 595 
 
 11 817 327 
 
 Oats 
 
 Barley 
 
 Kye.'. 
 
 Buckwheat 
 
 
 
 
 2, 692, 000, 000 
 
 2, 066, 029, 570 
 
 2, 697, 960, 456
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 1003 
 
 There has been an increase of corn in the South, but in Illinois and 
 Iowa a decline from the census crop of more than two hundred million 
 bushels. The average yield per acre of corn will be nearly 25 bushels, 
 about two bushels less than an average. The yield of wheat will be 
 about 13i bushels per acre, or 1^ bushels more than average. The prod- 
 uct of cotton will probably equal that of the year 1880 (which was the 
 largest ever made) and may slightly exceed it, ai)proximating seven 
 million bales. 
 
 A plan for completing and perfecting the system of crop-reporting, 
 for which appropriation was made at the last session of Congress, has 
 been put into operation, with initiatory results which ])romise success. 
 It includes the appointment of State statistical agents, each at the 
 head of a corps of reliable and judicious correspondents, who make 
 simultaneous return, on the first of each month, both to the agent and 
 the department. The agent is further charged with any special inves- 
 tigation that may from time to time be required, and with the collection 
 of results of local experiment, and any valuable facts illustrating the 
 progress of agriculture. 
 
 The design is, by establishing a permanent system of efiicient and 
 prompt collection of current statistics, to be able to present instantly 
 and accurately the current changes in crop areas and conditions, and 
 in production of breadstuffs, meats, industrial products, and all results 
 of agricultural labor. 
 
 In obedience to requirement of Congress, there have been published, 
 for three months past, statements showing the through rates of trans- 
 portation by railroad and steamboat companies on all the principal 
 routes, including the 'great trunk lines, the Pacific roads, and the north 
 and south roads, and the coast lines of steamers upon the principal prod- 
 ucts of agriculture. 
 
 The local rates have also been given on all the prominent lines, and 
 special freight rates have also been given. The railroads have re- 
 sponded with satisfactory promptness, furnishing freely their through 
 and local tariffs, freight classifications, routes, and connections, and 
 other information concerning their roads. 
 
 It has been found necessary to establish a European agency for col- 
 lection of statistics showing prospective demand for American products, 
 especially of grain and meats, for the information of farmers of the 
 United States. This agency promises great efficacy and utility. Its 
 headquarters is established at the office of the consul-general at London. 
 
 FORESTRY DIVISION. 
 
 A report from the forestry division was laid before Congress on INfay 
 12, 1882, and has been printed. It deals with the care of forests upon 
 the public lands, experiment stations for forest culture, meteorological 
 observations with the view of determining the influence of forests on 
 climate, the statistics of forest products used as tanning materials, for-
 
 1004 UKi'OKT OF THE CUMiUl>>«10NEK OF AGRIOULTL/'KE. 
 
 ost fims, insect ravagt\s, experiuicuts iu tiiubtT plautiug upou the col- 
 lege-farm, at Lincoln, Nebr., fbie«ts iu Europe, and the expensive and 
 wasteful use of timber as a fencing material. A report has also been 
 submitted on European Bchools of forestry, and forestry experiment 
 stations. Large numbers of circulars have been issued asking for infor- 
 mation with regard to railroad ties, and the answers returned are being 
 examined and arranged. Circulars have also been issued inquiring into 
 tree-planting in the prairie States, the trees selected, and the method of 
 nianagement. 
 
 The Hon. F. P. Baker, of Topeka, Kans., has also been employed to 
 investigate the condition of forests in the prairie States, and in the re- 
 gion lying west of the Mississippi and east of the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 This preliminary report has been made, and contains valuable views 
 upon the timber-culture act, the possibility of forest culture in the far 
 West, with a sketch of what has been done, and some suggestions as to 
 what should be done. Mr. Baker urges the absolute necessity of imme- 
 diate action by Congress in regard to the timber-culture act, to make it 
 efifective. He proposes to visit the regions where forest fires have done 
 so much damage and investigate the causes, and the best means of con- 
 trolling them. This report will be published as a special, and laid before 
 Congress at an early day. 
 
 ARTESIAN WELLS. 
 
 Li accordance with suggestions made by the Commission employed 
 last year to select ijroper locations for artesian wells, the Hon. Horace 
 Beach and Professor White, two of those Commissioners, were employed 
 to select what seemed to them proper places for boring the wells. They 
 have located a well 112 miles easterly from the city of Denver, upon gov- 
 ernment land, near the station of Akron, on the Burlington and Mis- 
 souri Railroad, in Colorado. A second well has been located 177 miles 
 southeasterly from Denver, upon government land, near the line of the 
 station of Cheyenne Mills, on the Kansas Pacific Railroad. Each loca- 
 tion has been made with reference to the probability of supplying water 
 to good lands, and so as to be useful, if successful, for irrigating pur- 
 poses and the watering of stock. Agreements have been made for 
 the supply of water for engine use in drilling, with the railroads alluded 
 to, free of charge. The sites selected have been withdrawn from entry 
 under homestead, pre-emption, and timber acts. • 
 
 Contracts have been awarded to James A. Fleming & Co., of Denver, 
 Colo., for the sum of $14,000, for drilling both wells to the depth of 
 2,500 feet each, if required, the contractor to furnish aU the materials 
 necessary to do the work and to pay for the labor employed. The wells 
 are divided into sections, as follows : The first thousand feet and the 
 balance of the 2,500 feet into 500 feet sections, the Department of Agri- 
 culture retiiining the right to stop the work at any distance below 1,000 
 feet, and pay pro rata for the distance boi^d. The machinery has been 
 placed on the ground, and the work of drilling has already commenced.
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 1005 
 WOOLS AND FEBERS. 
 
 The report of Dr. McMnrtrie on wools and fibers has been presented, 
 and, in connection with a paper on the subject prepared by Miss Clara 
 P. Ames, of Boston, and forwarded to this Department by Hon. Edward 
 Atkinson, will soon be published. In connection with the examination 
 of the fineness of fiber a careful study has been made of the internal 
 structure of the fibers of pure bred and grade sheep to determine the 
 differences arising- from breeding and management, and their effect 
 upon the strength, elasticity, and felting properties. The instruments 
 for testing the wool fiber have been greatly improved, and tha experi- 
 ments entered upon by this division of the department are of great in- 
 terest. It is intended that the testing of cotton fiber will be pursued 
 in the same manner. 
 
 DEPARTMENTAX, REPORTS. 
 
 In addition to the annual report of the Department for the year 1880 
 and 1881, of which 300,000 copies each were ordered printed, the fol 
 lowing special and miscellaneous reports have been issued since July 1, 
 1881: 
 
 SPECIAL REPOKTS. 
 
 Xo. of copies printcil. 
 No. 34. Contagiousdiscases of domestic animals. 391pp., octavo. Illustrated. .')0, 000 
 
 No. 37. Condition of crops, June and July, 1881. 24 pp., octavo 10,000 
 
 No. 38. Conditou of crops, August, 1881. 24 pp., octavo 10,000 
 
 No.39. Condition of crops, September, 1881. 30 pp 10,000 
 
 No. 40. Condition aud needs of spring-wheat culture in the Northwest. By C. 
 
 C Andrews. 100 pp., octavo 10,000 
 
 No. 4J. Estimated production of cereals of the United States for the year 1881. 
 
 8 pp., octavo 10,000 
 
 No. 42. Report on the condition of winter grain, number and condition of farm 
 
 animals, &c., April, 18d2. 62 pp. .octavo 10,000 
 
 No. 43. Report on tho condition of winter grain, the progroes of cotton and 
 
 corn planting^ rate of wages and labor, &c.. May, 1832. 20 pp., octavo 10,000 
 
 No. 44. Report upoa the acreage and condition of cotton, the condition of all 
 
 cereals, and the area of spring wheat, &c., Juno, 1882. 14 pp., octavo 10,500 
 
 No. 4.'). Report upon the area and condition of corn, the condition of cotton, 
 
 and of small grains, eorghnm, tobacco, &c., July, 1882. 33 pp ll.OlKt 
 
 No. 4G. Report upon the condition of cotton, of spring wheat, fruits, &c. ; also 
 
 freight rates of transportation companies, August, 1882. 54 pp., octavo ll.OOfi 
 
 No. 47. Cliniato, soil, and agricultural capabilities of South Carolina and 
 
 Georgia. J?y J. C. IFemphill. G5 pp., 1882, octavo 10,000 
 
 No. 48. Silos and ensilage. A record of practical tests in several States aud 
 
 Canada, 1.S82. 70 pp., octavo 15 goi^i 
 
 \o. 4'J. Report ujwn the condition of corn and cotton, of potatoes, fruits, «fcc.; 
 
 also freight rates of transportation companies, September, 1882. 48 pp., 
 
 octavo ." 11,000 
 
 No. 50. The dissemination of Texas fever of cattle, and how to control it, 1882. 
 
 14 pp., octavo 12,000 
 
 No. 51. Report npon the yield of small grain, condition of com, cotton, potatoes, 
 
 and tobacco; also freight rates of transportation companies, October, 1882. 
 
 .^8pp., octavo 12,000 
 
 No. 52. Report on yield per acre of cotton, com, potatoes, and other field crops, 
 
 ^vith comparative product of fruits; also local freight rates of transportation 
 
 companies, November, 1882 11,000
 
 1006 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS. 
 
 No. of copies printed. 
 
 Preliminary Report, Commissioner of Agriculture, 1881. 58 pp. , octavo 8, 000 
 
 Fertilizers: co-operative experimenting as a means of studying the oflfccts of 
 fertilizers and tbo feeding capacities of plants. By Prof. W. O. Atwater, 
 
 1882, 33pp., octavo 1,500 
 
 Florida ; its climate, soil, productions, and agricultural capabilities, 1882. 98 
 
 pp 10,000 
 
 Report on the climatic and agricultural featiires, and the agricultural practice 
 and needs of the arid regions of the Pacific slope, «S:.c., 1882. By E. W. Hil- 
 
 gard, T. C. Jones, and R. W. Furnace. 182 pp 2,500 
 
 Proceedings of a convention of agriculturists, held in the Department of Agri- 
 culture, January 10 to 18, 1882. 204 pp., octavo 10,000 
 
 Artesian wells upon the Great Plains: being the report of a geological com- 
 mission appointed to examine a portion of the great plains east of the Rocky 
 Mountains, and report upon the localities deemed most favorable for making 
 
 experimental borings, 1882 3,500 
 
 In addition to the above, there has also been prepared the following reports, which 
 will be published as soon as the necessary funds are available : 
 The meat question analyzed. By Dr. G. Sprague, Chicago, 111. 
 Account of field experiments with fertilizers. By Prof. W. O. Atwater, Ph. D. 
 Report of the proceedings of the convention to promote the sheep and wool indus- 
 try held in Philadelphia, Pa., September 22, 23, and 24, 1882. 
 
 DISBURSING OFFICE. 
 
 The following table exhibits in condensed form the appropriations 
 made by Cougress for this department, the disbursements and unex- 
 pended balances for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882 : 
 
 Title of appropriation. 
 
 Salaries 
 
 Collecting statistics 
 
 Laboratory 
 
 Purchase and distribution of valuable seeds 
 
 Experiments in the culture of tea 
 
 Experimental garden 
 
 Museum 
 
 Eumiture, cases, and repairs 
 
 Library 
 
 Investigating the history of insects 
 
 Examination of wools and other animal fibers 
 
 InvostiKating the diseases of swine, &;c 
 
 Keclamation of arid and waste lands 
 
 Report on forestry 
 
 Postage ,. 
 
 Contingent expenses 
 
 Improvement of grounds 
 
 Transporting, &.C., agricoltural and mineral specimens from 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Purchase and distribution of seeds to overflowed districts. 
 
 •Experiments in the manufacture of sugar 
 
 Building for the diaplay of agricultural implementa 
 
 Printing and binding 
 
 Amotmt ap- 
 propriated. 
 
 $79, 500 00 
 10, 000 00 
 
 6, 000 00 
 80, 000 00 
 10, 000 00 
 
 7, 000 00 
 1, 000 00 
 
 4, 000 00 
 1, 000 00 
 
 20, 000 00 
 
 5, 000 00 
 25, 000 00 
 10, 000 00 
 
 5, 000 00 
 
 4, 000 00 
 10, 000 00 
 
 8, 000 00 
 
 5, 000 00 
 20, 000 00 
 35, 000 00 
 
 10, 000 00 
 
 11, 000 00 
 
 Amount dis- 
 bui-sed. 
 
 $79, 491 89 
 10, 000 00 
 5,811 85 
 79,991 53 
 8, 743 37 
 6, 908 25 
 1, 000 00 
 
 4, 000 00 
 973 85 
 
 19, 998 94 
 
 5, 000 00 
 22, 443 89 
 10, 000 00 
 
 4,941 00 
 4, 000 00 
 10, 000 CO 
 8, 000 00 
 
 893 86 
 
 20, 000 00 
 32, 333 75 
 10, 000 00 
 
 9, 156 42 
 
 Amount un- 
 expended. 
 
 $8 11 
 
 188 15 
 
 8 47 
 
 1, 256 63 
 
 31,75 
 
 26 15 
 1 06 
 
 2,556 11 
 
 4, 106 14 
 
 2, 666 25 
 "i,'843'53 
 
 *Thi9 appropriation has been exhausted since the close of the last fiscal year. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 GEO. B. LOEI^^G, 
 Commissioner of Agriculture.
 
 IN33EX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Academy, Military, statement of the Secretaiy of War concerning. 306 
 
 Naval, report of the Board of Visitors to 542 
 
 statement of the Secretary of the Navy concerning 478 
 
 superintendent of the, report of the 510 
 
 Adjutant-General of the Army, reports of the 334, 361 
 
 Adjutant-Geaeral's Department, report of the Secretary of War concerning 306 
 
 Agriculture, remarks of President Arthur concerning 22 
 
 report of the Conunissioner of 991 
 
 Alaska, statements concerning, by President ^Vrthur 22 
 
 the Secretary of the Treasury 71 
 
 Alexander, D. S., Fifth Auditor of the Treasury, report of 272 
 
 Almanac, Nautical, report of the Superintendent of the . — 520 
 
 American ship-builtling, remarks of President Arthur concerning 18 
 
 Annual message of the President to Congress 3 
 
 Architect of the Capitol, report of the 756 
 
 Arctic expeditions, remarks of the Secretary of the Navy concerning 403 
 
 War concerning 321 
 
 statement of the President concerning 16,17 
 
 j\jming and equipping the militia, remarks of the President concerning 14 
 
 Secretary of War concerning. _ 309 
 
 Armstrong, W. H., Commissioner of Kailroads,-report of 671 
 
 Army, remarks of President Arthur concerning the 14 
 
 report of the General of the 327 
 
 suggestion of the Secretary of War concerning the — _ _.305, 324 
 
 Arlington Cemetery, remarks of the Secretary of War concerning 312 
 
 Artesian vrells, remarks of the Commissioner of Agriculture concerning 1004 
 
 Artificial limbs and appliances for soldiers 314, 408 
 
 Artniery militia, remarks of the Secretaiy of War concerning 324 
 
 school at Fortress Monroe, remarks of the Secrettiry of War concerning. 306 
 
 Assets and liabilities of the Treiusury, statement of 112, 114 
 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fti Kailroad Company 580,724 
 
 Auditor of the Treasury, report of the First 224 
 
 Second _ 231 
 
 Third... 2J3 
 
 Fourth 256 
 
 Fifth .- 272 
 
 Sixth 280 
 
 B. 
 
 Banks, national 41, 117 
 
 dividends of national 169 
 
 redemption of notes by national 42, 178 
 
 savings, organized under State laws 120 
 
 taxation of national 43, 162 
 
 1007
 
 1008 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Barracks and quarters, Army — ^- 331, 3i>0, 395 
 
 Marine - 539, 444,545 
 
 Beardsley, Charles, Fonrth Auditor of the Treasury, report of. 256 
 
 Bem't, Stephen V., Chief of Army Ordnance, report of 443 
 
 Blank Agency esliraates 835, 85;{ 
 
 rUackfan, Superintendent of Foreign Mails, report of 945 
 
 rUunt, A. J'., Brevet Colonel, report on the Leavenworth Military Prison.. _ 4;J4 
 
 Board of Visitors to the Naval Academy, report of — .542 
 
 Botanical divLsion of the Department t)f Agriculture 9.')2 
 
 Bonds, redemption of, remarks of President Arthur concerning the _.. 
 
 st.atement of the Secretaiy of the Treasury, concerning 32 
 
 Boys, training for seamen 477 
 
 ]U-ooklyn, New York, navy-yai-d 490 
 
 Briice, Blanche K., KegLster of the Treasury, report of.. 297 
 
 Bnilding, Departments, construction of, report on 431 
 
 Buildings, public 72, 323 
 
 Building, ship, remarks of President Arthur concerning 18 
 
 Burchard, Hor.atio C, Director of the Mint, report of 182 
 
 Bureau of Construction and Kepairs, report of the Chief of the .'>30 
 
 Engraving and Printing, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury con- 
 cerning 72 
 
 Equipment and Recruiting, report of the Chief of the 497 
 
 Internal Eevenue, report of the Commissioner of the 79 
 
 Military Justice, report of the Chief of the 370 
 
 Na\igation, report of the Chief of the 499 
 
 Ordnance, report of the Chief of the Army 443 
 
 Provisions and Clothing, report of the Chief of the Navy 537 
 
 Steam-Engineering, rejwrt of the Chief of the 522 
 
 Yards and Docks, report of the Chief of the 489 
 
 C. 
 
 Cadets, at the Annapolis Naval Academy 473, 544, 546, .548 
 
 West Point Militaiy Academy 306 
 
 Capitol, the remarks of the Secretary of the Interior concemtng the 59;*. 
 
 report of the Architect of the 7.i6 
 
 Casey, Thomas Lincoln, Lieutenant-Colonel, report of, on the Department build- 
 ings . ___ 4:51 
 
 Cemeteries, national military ,, 311. 394 
 
 Census, statement of the President concerning the 21 
 
 Secretaiy of the Interior concerning the . 590 
 
 Chandler, William E., Secretaiy of the Navy, rei)ort of 4.53 
 
 Charlestown navy-yard 489 
 
 Chili, relations with, remarks of President Arthur concerning 7 
 
 China, relations ■Rath, remarks of President Arthur concerning 5 
 
 Civil service, remarks of President Arthur concerning the 23 
 
 the Commissioner of Internal Eevenue on 87 
 
 Claim agents 311, 398 
 
 Claims against the government _ 47, 247, 389, 393, 406, 407 
 
 for quartermaster's stores _.. . . 398 
 
 Clark, Edward. Architectof the Capitol, report of— . 756 
 
 Clothing and equipage of the iVrmy 39:1 
 
 Coast and Geodotie Survey, statement of the Secretary of the Navy concerning the . 4T5 
 statement of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning 
 
 the 65
 
 INDEX. 1009 
 
 Coin and paper cun-oucy, distribution of 13-"i 
 
 Coinage, statement of the Director of tlio Jlint couoeruinj; 1? i 
 
 President concerning 10 
 
 .Secretary of the Treasury couceminK 3S, I'l 
 
 Treasurer of tlie United .States concrniing 'JUd 
 
 Collisions at sea, prevention of, remarks of the President concemiug the 8 
 
 Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 597 
 
 ( ommercc and navigation, remarks of the SceretarA' of the TroaHury concerning. . 5!) 
 
 Commerce, relations of the Navy to, remarks of the .Secretary on the... /|7!t 
 
 Commissary-General, report of the o9!) 
 
 Commissioner of Agriculture, report of the !l9l 
 
 Customs, rei>ort of the. "JlO 
 
 Indum Aflau-s, report of the 01:5 
 
 Internal Ii'evenue, report of the 7i> 
 
 Land Office, report of the fiOl) 
 
 Pensions, report of the 7;J1 
 
 liailroads, report of the 6'7l 
 
 Commissioners of .Soldiers' Home, report of the irii; 
 
 Comptroller of the Currency, report of the-.. 117 
 
 I'irst, of tho Treasury, report of the 210 
 
 Second , of the Treasury, report of tho 217 
 
 Confederate ^var-reco^ds, remarks of the Secretary of War concerning the :Wl] 
 
 Conger, P. II., Sn]X'rintemk'nt YelloAvstone National Park, report of 7n"> 
 
 Contagions of domesticated animals, remarks of the Commissioner of Agriculture 
 
 on - 99t 
 
 Crane, C. IL, Snrgeon-General of the Anny. 40r' 
 
 Currency, reiwrt of the Comptroller of the 117 
 
 Customs, Commissioner of, repoil of the , :21',' 
 
 statement of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning the revenue from -W 
 
 Customs eases, the triitl ol". remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury concenung- . 17 
 
 D. 
 
 Dtad lettersin the ro^t-tJlliic IXpartuunt.. 811 
 
 I)e;»f and Dumb, Columbia luslitution for the r)ft* 
 
 Debt, public, statement of the Set-retarvof tlie Treasury oone<rjiing ."il 
 
 De Krafl't, J. C. P., hydrographer of tho lUncau of Navigation .",(»!» 
 
 l^fensos, sea-coast and lake frontier l.jti 
 
 Department of Agriculture, report of the Commissioner of DIM 
 
 Director of the Mint, reiiovt ol" the l-^i 
 
 Distilled spirits, internal-revenue tav on .S.-' 
 
 Distilleries, statist iis eonceniing ■ Ion. lOT 
 
 Distinctive pa^icr, remarks of the Secretary ol' the Treasury concerning '\ 
 
 District of Columbia, remarks of President Artliur concerning -.».■> 
 
 the Secretary of the IVeasury cimeerning ";: 
 
 Divide nds of iwlional b.iiiks _ Id!* 
 
 Drum, IJichard C. Ailjutant-Gcneral, re^wrts of :}:>{, :{(j I 
 
 Dudley. William W., Commissioner of Pensions, reiwrt of. 7ol 
 
 Duties on imports, remarks of the Secretary of the Trca.sury on .").". 
 
 K. 
 
 Jjtlucation in the Army, remarks of the Ailjutaut-Geucral ou :!;;7 
 
 Education, statement of the Secretary of the Interior eonceniing r>(>l-.">6U 
 
 War concerning- - oI5 
 
 61 Alj
 
 1010 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Ela, J. H., Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, reports of.. .280,957 
 
 Elections, remarks of the President concerning __ 25 
 
 Khiior, Ivichard A., Second Assistant Postmaster-General, report of— 840 
 
 ]':n<;ineer Department, remarks of the Secretary of War concerning the 316 
 
 Engineers, report of the Chief of Aniiy 435 
 
 Enlistments in the Army .._ - - - --". 316, 334 
 
 English, Earl, cliief of Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting, report of 498 
 
 Engraving and Printing, Bureau of, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury con- 
 cerning the Ti 
 
 Entomological Division of the Department of Agriculture, statement of the Com- 
 missioner of Agi'iculture concerning the 995 
 
 Epidemic diseases, preventing the spread of, remarks of the Secretary of the 
 
 Treasury concerning 70 
 
 P^quipment and Recruiting, Bureau of, report of the chief of 497 
 
 Estimates for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882 27 
 
 1883 30 
 
 1884 _ 31 
 
 Executive appointments, statement of the President concerning 24 
 
 Expenditures for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882. _ 27 
 
 1883. 30 
 
 1884. _. 31 
 
 Exports and imports 60 
 
 Extension and imiirovement of the Capitol gi'ounds 593 
 
 F. 
 
 Fermented and distilled liquors, internal-revenue tax on 88, 100 
 
 Ferriss, Orange, Second Auditor of the Treasury, report of 231 
 
 Finances, remarks of President Arthur concerning the 8 
 
 Folger, Charles J., Secretary of the Treasury, report of 27 
 
 Forage for the Army 310,388 
 
 Ford, S. Calvert, inspector of gas and meters, report of 795 
 
 Foreign coins, value of. 190 
 
 commerce, statement of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning 58 
 
 mail service 816 
 
 Forestry', remarks of the Commissioner of Agriculture concerning 1003 
 
 statement of President Arthur concerning 22 
 
 Fractional paper currency, statement of the Treasurer of the United States con- 
 cerning 290 
 
 Free del i very of postal matters, statement concerning 802 
 
 Freedman's Hospital, report of the surgeon-in-chief of 762 
 
 statement of the Secretary of the Interior concerning 595 
 
 Funding the puhlic debt, remarks of the Comptroller of the Currency conceniing. 127 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury concerning... 43 
 
 G. 
 
 Gallaudet, Edward M., President of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 763 
 
 General of the Army, report of the 327 
 
 Geodetic Survey, statement of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning 65 
 
 Geogiaphical and Lake Survey maps 441 
 
 Geologiciil Survey, remarks of tlie Secretary of the Interior concerning... 588 
 
 GilfiUan, James, Treasurer of the United States, report of. 281 
 
 Gold bullion _ _.. 39,136 
 
 certificates, the issue of, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning. 36, 37
 
 INDEX. 1011 
 
 H. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Hancock, "Winficld S., Major-General, of the Army, report of. 357 
 
 Hattou, Frank, First Assistant Postmaster-General, report of 846 
 
 Hazen, A.. D.,^Third Assistant Postmaster-General, report of 918 
 
 Health of the Army - 410 
 
 Navy 472 
 
 Horses, mules,, and oxen purchased for the Army 310 
 
 Hospital, Freedman'a, report of the... 762 
 
 • statement of the Secretary of the Interior concerning 595 
 
 Insane, report of the Board of Visitors to the 775 
 
 statement of the Secretary of tlie Interior concerning 596 
 
 War concerning 308 
 
 Marine, statement of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning 66 
 
 Hospitals, appropriation for . 396 
 
 Hot Springs reservation 598, 603 
 
 reiwrt of the Superintendent of the 788 
 
 Howe, Timothy O. , Postmaster-General, report of 799 
 
 Hydrographic Office, Superintendent of the, rejiort of 509 
 
 I. 
 
 Immigration to this country, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasuryconcemlng.. 68 
 
 Imports and exjwrts 10, 60 
 
 Indemnity funds, remarks of President Arthur concerning 5 
 
 Indian Aflairs, report of the Commissioner of.. 1 613 
 
 statement of the President concerning 620, 21 
 
 Secretary of the Interior concerning 555 
 
 War concerning 325 
 
 Indian agents _ 615 
 
 Indian education, remarks of the Secretary of the Interior concerning 565 
 
 prisoners, supplies issued to 405 
 
 reservations, remarks of the Secretary of the Interior concerning 560 
 
 titles to lands 558 
 
 trust fund 561 
 
 Infantry and Cavalr;^ School, at Fort Leavenworth, remarks of the Secretary' of 
 
 War concerning 306 
 
 Ingalls, Rufus, Quartermaster-General of the Army, report of 12^ 
 
 Insane Asylum, report of the Board of Visitors 775 
 
 statement of the Secretary of the Interior concerning the . 596 
 
 War concerning the 3O8 
 
 Hospital. 367 
 
 Inspector-General of the Army, report of the 340 
 
 Inspectorof Gas and Meters, rejiortofthe 795 
 
 Interior Department huilding 59I 
 
 Interior, Secretary of the, report of the 555 
 
 Internal Kevenne, remarks of the President concerning H 
 
 report of the Commissioner of 79 
 
 statement of the Secretary concerning 47 
 
 Interoceanic Canal, remarks of the Pre.«iident concerning the _ 3 
 
 Internal ta.xes, reduction of.. 4g 
 
 Invalid pensions ^q- 
 
 J. 
 
 Japanese Government, relations witli, rrniarks of President Arthur concerning.. 5 
 
 Jeannette expedition, remarks of the Secretary of the Navy concerning the 463
 
 1012 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Johuaon, Henry C, Coniinissioner of Cii.stoms, report of _ 219 
 
 .Jolinson. r. C. Chiof Sifitiul Ofilwr, report of. -. GIO 
 
 Judge-Advorfitc-Gonoral of tho Army, report of the .._- 370 
 
 Keightly, E. \V., Third Auditor of the Treasury, report of 21:5 
 
 Kellcy, B. F., Superintendent of Hot Springs Reservatiou, report of. 788 
 
 Knox, John Jaj-, Comptroller of the Currencj', report of 117 
 
 L. 
 
 Laud-grant railroad.s - .-..21, 310, 392, 400, 581 
 
 Lands, public, statement of the Secretary of the Interior concerning ."569 
 
 La wrence, William, P'irst Compt roller of the Treasury, report of 210 
 
 League Island, navy-yard at 491 
 
 Leavenworth military prison 349, 424 
 
 Legal-tender notes, statement of the Comptroller of the Currency concerning.,. 126, 171 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury concerning 37, 72 
 
 Life-vSaving Service 63. 477 
 
 Light-house eetablishment, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning- (H 
 Light-house Service and Coast Survey, transfer of, remarks of the President con- 
 cerning 17 
 
 Lincoln, Robert T., Secretary of War, report of ^504 
 
 Loring, G eorge B. , Commisvsioner of Agriculture, report of 1>91 
 
 M. 
 
 McCawley, commandant of the Marine Coii)s, report of 53d 
 
 MacDonald, C. F., Superintendent Money -Order System, report of 938 
 
 McDowell, Irvin, Major-General, report of 363 
 
 McFarland, N. C, Commissioner of the General Land Office, report of 600 
 
 Macfceley, Eobert, Commissary-General, report of 399 
 
 3Iail depredation, statement of the Postmaster-General concerning 817 
 
 traiLsportation, remarks of the President concerning ^ 18 
 
 Major-General of the Army, report of 357 
 
 Maps, Army 441,442 
 
 post-route 817 
 
 Signal-Service ._ 502 
 
 Mare Island, California, navy-yard at _ 49:; 
 
 ;Marine Corps, remarks of the Secretary of the Navy conceniiug the 472 
 
 hospitals 488 
 
 Medical Dei>artment, Army, report of the Surgeon-General of the 40S 
 
 ptatement of the Secretary of War concerning the .. 313 
 
 Medical Museum and Library of the Army 415-417 
 
 Merchant mariHe, decline of the, remarks of the Secretary of the Xavy concerning 
 
 the _ 4S0 
 
 :Messag© of the President to CongreSi=i, the annual 3 
 
 Mexico, relations Avith, remarks of President Arthur concerning 6 
 
 ^lilitary Academy, statement of the Secretary of War conceniing 306 
 
 cemeteries _ 311,394 
 
 coU^es 306,333 
 
 .Justice, Bureau of, remarks of the Socretaiy of War concerning the 309 
 
 l>ost« _ 305,306,333,333 
 
 prison at Leavenworth, Kansas, ioi>or t concerning the 424
 
 INDEX. 1013 
 
 Pa -I. 
 Military prison at LoavonATortli. Kansas, statement of the Secretary of War con- 
 cerning tlie ?>08 
 
 reservatiou-s •'^''' 
 
 sites in Texas "'i'^ 
 
 -Militia, arming and equipping the 419 
 
 Mint, report of the Director of the l*^-- 
 
 Miflsissippi Kiver, improvement of the ir>, 141 
 
 Money-<)rder postiil system, report of the rostmaster-Geueral concerning •"> 
 
 Monitors, donble-turretcd, remarks of the Secretary of the Navy conceniing 4T0, 472 
 
 report of the Chief of the liureauof Steam-F.nijiueering 
 
 concerning. - -- "'"-9 
 
 N. 
 
 National-hank notes, redemption of, remarks of tlie Secretaiy of the Treasury 
 
 concerning the •''1 
 
 National banks, dividends of Ifi" 
 
 redemption of •-!•.") 
 
 remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning 41 
 
 taxation of '"^ 1*'' 
 
 National Board of Health, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning the . 7( t 
 
 National military cemeteries, remarks of the Secretary of War concerning oil 
 
 Nautical Almanac and Anieriaiu Ephemeris '>0-> 
 
 Naval Academy, remarks of the Secretary of the Navy concerning 473 
 
 report of the I'.oard of Visitors of the •'»4:'2 
 
 Superintendent of the «>4U 
 
 Advisory Board, report of the •>36 
 
 affairs, remarks of the President concerning ll> 
 
 report of the Secretary of the Navy on -15;; 
 
 asylums 174, 495 
 
 bureaus 474 
 
 cruising stations 46;2 
 
 wiuipment and recruiting 4C9 
 
 expenditures 1 474 
 
 hospi ta 1 improvements 462 
 
 hyd rography oO'i 
 
 Jeanuette expedition 4G3 
 
 Marine Corps 47'2 
 
 medicine and surgery 47:i 
 
 Observatory .* _ .173 
 
 Signal Service oOl 
 
 steam-engineering 46I( 
 
 squadrons ._ 453, 4G3 
 
 yard a and docks 4 69 
 
 Navy, reconstruction of the, remarks of President Arthur coucerning the 17 
 
 Navy-yoids, report on the, at — 
 
 Brooklyn 490 
 
 Charleston _ _ 4^9 
 
 Key West 494 
 
 Le;»gue Ishuid 491 
 
 Mare Island 493 
 
 Norfolk 492 
 
 Pensiicola 492
 
 1014 INDEX. 
 
 i 
 
 Page. 
 
 Navy-yards, report on the, at Portsmouth, N, H -- 489 
 
 "Washington - 491 
 
 Navy -yards, workmen in, remarks of the Secretary of the Navy concerning _ 459 
 
 Newcomb, Simon, Prof. , Superintendent of Nautical Almanac, report of 520 
 
 Newspaper postage, remarks of the Postmaster-General concerning 818 
 
 Nichols, Edward T., Chief of Bureau of Yards and Docks, report of. 489 
 
 ISftcholson, "VV. L., Topographer Post-Office Department, report of 953 
 
 Norfolk, navy-yard at * - 492 
 
 O. 
 
 Observatory, Naval , Superintendent of the, report of-. 504 
 
 Ocean mails, statement concerning the 81G 
 
 Oflicers of the Army, retirement of, remarks of the Secretary of War concerning.. 324 
 
 Official salaries, remarks of the Secretary of the Interior concerning. 572 
 
 Ordnance, Army, reiwrt of the Chief of 443 
 
 statement of the Secretary of War concerning 318 
 
 Navy, statement of the Secretary of the Navy concerning 468 
 
 Oregon and California Railroad Company.. _ 709 
 
 P. 
 
 Pacific Railroad, sinking fund, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury concern- 
 ing - 29 
 
 Pacific Railroads, report of the Auditor on 719 
 
 Paper currency, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning 36 
 
 Patent Office, statement of the Secretary of the Interior concerning the 573 
 
 Patents, the Commissioner of, remarks of the Secretary of the Interior on report of. 573 
 
 Pay of the Army, remarks of the Secretary of War concerning 315 
 
 Paymaster-General of the Army, report of the 421 
 
 Pensacola, navy-yard at 492 
 
 Pensions, Army ^^307,411 
 
 Navy 585 
 
 report of the Commissioner of 734 
 
 ' statement of the Secretary of the Interior concerning 585, 586 
 
 Treasury concerning 53 
 
 Political assessments, remarks of President Arthur relatingto 24 
 
 Polygamy, remarks of President Arthur concerning 21 
 
 Porter, David D., Admiral, report of 549 
 
 Portsmouth, navy-yard at 489 
 
 Postal money-order system 815 
 
 savings depositories _ 821 
 
 service, remarks of President Arthur concerning 19 
 
 telegraph system 821 
 
 Postmaster-General, report of the 799 
 
 President, annual message of the, to Congress 3 
 
 Presidential elections, remarks of President Arthur concerning 25 
 
 Price, Hiram, Commissioner of Indian Aflfaiis, report of C13 
 
 Prison, military, at Leavenworth, report concerning the 424 
 
 Private land claims, report of the Secretary of the Interior concerning 571 
 
 Public buildings, remarks of the Chief of Engineers concerning 440 
 
 report of the Secretary of the Interior concerning 573, 593 
 
 statement of the Architect of the Capitol concerning 756 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury concerning 72
 
 INDEX. 1015 
 
 Page. 
 Public debt, reduction of the, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury concemuig. 42, 49 
 
 Public lands, statcmeut of the Secretary of the Interior conceruiug oG9 
 
 Public moneys, statement of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning 45 
 
 Purvis, C. B. , Surgeon-in-chief of the Freedman's Hospit;il 7G2 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quartermaster-General, report of the ^•'^l 
 
 Quartermaster's Department, statement of the Secretary of War concerning 309 
 
 Quarters and barracks, statement of the Quart emiaster-Geueral concerning 31)5 
 
 li. 
 
 Railroad, Pacitic, Atlantic and Central ._ 719 
 
 Central Branch Union 581,714 
 
 Kans;is G97 
 
 Missouri 712 
 
 Northern ._. _ 1 578,702 
 
 Sioux City and. -_ 581,728 
 
 Southern — 579,720 
 
 Texas 71G 
 
 Union 575, 57G, G94, 714 
 
 Railroads, statement of the Quartermaster-General concerning the 391 
 
 Secretary of the Interior concerning the 574 
 
 Railroad transportation of the Army 391 
 
 Ramsay, F. M. , Superintendent of the Naval Academy, report of 540 
 
 liatiou, the Army 312,405 
 
 Rauiu, Green B. , Commissioner of Internal Revenue, report of 79 
 
 Receipts and expenditures of the government 29 
 
 Records of the war of the rebellion, preparation of the 323 
 
 publication of, the report of 423 
 
 Recruiting for the Army 340 
 
 Navy 498 
 
 Redeemed securities, destruction of, remarks of the Secretary concerning the 72 
 
 Redemption of national-bank notes 42,51 
 
 United States bonds ...1 32 
 
 Reduction of taxes, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning the 48 
 
 Refunding cortiticates 33 
 
 Register of the Treasury, report of the 297 
 
 Ragistercd letters, remarks of the I'ostnuister-Gencral concerning 815 
 
 Rep-irt of the Adjutant-General of the Army ^ 334 
 
 Architect of the Capitol extension 75G 
 
 Auditor oftbi' Tiv:i-;my, First 224 
 
 Second _ 231 
 
 Third 243 
 
 Fourth ._ _ 25G 
 
 Fifth 272 
 
 Sixth „ 280 
 
 Board of Visitors to the Ins;iue Asyhim 775 
 
 Naval Aiadeniy 512 
 
 Chief of Engineei-s i'.lTt 
 
 the Bureau of Ck)nstnu-tiun and Ifepair, Navy 530 
 
 Eiiuipment and Kecruiting, Navy 497 
 
 Military Justice, Army 370 
 
 ii'avigation, Navy , , 499
 
 1016 INDEX. 
 
 ra;;'c. 
 
 J,'('1i(m( ol'tlic CliiiroC 11?l> !'.nvf;m of Ordnance, Army --- 4^1:5 
 
 I'rovi.siojisi and. Clot lii ng, Navy 537 
 
 Steam Engi neci'iii g, Na\-j' - 5212 
 
 Yards and Doeks __ Af<9 
 
 ChicfSignalOiriccrofthoNavy 51!) 
 
 Commandant of the Marine Coiiis — 5:!k 
 
 Commi.ssarj'-Gcncral of Subsistence :VJ9 
 
 Commissioner oi' ,\griculture — 991 
 
 ( 'ustoms 219 
 
 Indian Ailairs Olo 
 
 Jnternal Ivcvenue 79 
 
 Land Ofilce GO!) 
 
 Pensions 7:M 
 
 Jlailroads 071 
 
 Commissioners (jf Soldiers' Home - 120 
 
 Compti'ollerof the Cnrreucy 117 
 
 Treasury, First. 210 
 
 Second 217 
 
 Director of tlu' i\lint 182 
 
 Union Pacific liailroad (>94 
 
 G eneral of the A rmy of the United States 327 . 
 
 ou the LeaveUAVorth military iirisou 333 
 
 Hydrographer to tlie Bureau of Xavigation 509 
 
 Inspector-General of the Army 342 
 
 Inspector of Gas and Meters 795 
 
 Judge-Advocate-General 370 
 
 Lieutenant-G eneral of the Army 353 
 
 ]\Iajor-General of the Army 357 
 
 Paymaster-General of the Army 421 
 
 Postmaster-Geueral 799 
 
 President of the Deaf aud Dumh Institution 597 
 
 l^esident of the Naval AdAisoiy Board 536 
 
 Publication of war records 423 
 
 Qilartcrmaster-G eneral of the Army _ d^l 
 
 Kegister of the Ti-easury 2!)7 
 
 Secretary of the Interior 555 
 
 Navy 453 
 
 Treasury _ 27 
 
 AVar 301 
 
 Signal Oflieer of the Na\y 51 9 
 
 Supcrintendetnt of the Blank Ag^icy .- 835, 853 
 
 Foreign Alails 945 
 
 Hot Springs Reservation 788 
 
 Ilydrographic Office, Navy 509 
 
 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 703 
 
 Jloney-Order Sv-stem __ 938 
 
 Nautical Almanac 520 
 
 Naval Academy 540 
 
 Observatory 504 
 
 Railway Mail Ser\-ice 895 
 
 Yel lowstone National Park 790 
 
 Surgeon-iu-Chief of the Frecdman's Hospital, reiwrl oi*. _ 702 
 
 SuTgeon-Geueral of the A nn v 40S
 
 INDEX. * 1017 
 
 I'age. 
 
 IJcport of tlic Topographer of the Post-Oflice Dt-partinent 95:5 
 
 Treasurer of the Ignited States •J'-'l 
 
 Visitors to the Insuiie Asylum TTf) 
 
 licserve of the national banks .jr2,2S} 
 
 l^osunipliou of S|»ede payments, remarks of the Comptroller on 1"'(> 
 
 President on 10. 11 
 
 iSeoretaiy on '■'' 
 
 Treasurer on '2Mo 
 
 llevouue from customs for the fiscal year 4G 
 
 llevennc marine, statement of the Secretary of the Treasarj', concerning the H'* 
 
 Reynolds, Poljert M. , First Aiiditor of the Treasur\*, report of - '22 1 
 
 Iwifle jnactii* in the Army 341 
 
 Kiver and harbor improvements, remarks of President Arthur concerning 11 
 
 roi)ort of the Secretary of War conc« rning :UT 
 
 Uochester, William I>., Paymaster-fJencral of the Army, report of.- I'il 
 
 JRowan, S. C, Admiral. Superintendent of the Obsen'atory, report of 604 
 
 S. 
 
 Sacket, 1). 15., Inspeotor-( k-neval of the Army, report of 342 
 
 San Carlos reservation, reniarks of the Secretary of the Interior concerning the.. .'jof. 
 
 Savings banks 120, 156, 157 
 
 Scott, Capt. Thomas X., report of, on the publication of war records 42.'5 
 
 Sea-c«ast defenses -_. -. 14, 316,436 
 
 Sheridan, P. H., Lieutenant-CJ<ueral, report of '^^> 
 
 Shennan, W. T., General of the Army, re)x>rt of 327 
 
 Ship-buildiug, remarks of President Arthur concerning 18 
 
 Shock, W. ]{., Chief of the Bureau of Steam Engineering, re^wrt of 522 
 
 Shufeldt, K. W., President of Xaval Advisory Board, re^wrtof 536 
 
 Signal Coi-ps 305 
 
 ^Signal Service, remarks of the Secretary of War concerning the 321 
 
 Silver bullion 39, 41, 185 
 
 certificates, statement of the Secretary of the Ti'easuiy concerning 35 
 
 coinage _ _ 10, 11, 35, 36 
 
 remarks of the Direi'tor of the Mint on 182 
 
 President on 10, 11 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury on 3S 
 
 United States Treasurer on 288, 290 
 
 Signal OfScer of the Xa\'j', report of llie Chief 51 9 
 
 Sinking fund, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning the 28 
 
 statement of the Secn-tary of the Interior concerning the 577 
 
 Six jxT cent, and five per cent, bonds, statement of the Comptroller of tlie Ciir- 
 
 reuiy concerning 127 
 
 Smith, J. A., Chief of the Bureau of Clothing and Provisions, rejiort of 537 
 
 Soldiers' Home, Commi.^sioners of the, report of the 426 
 
 remarks of the Secretary of War concerning the 30S 
 
 South Pass of the ^lississippi Piver, improvement of the 318 
 
 Specie payments, statement of the Secretiiry of the Treasury concerning 36, 37 
 
 Trciisurer concerning '2"<5 
 
 Spirits, distilled, statistics concerning 96 
 
 Siiuadrons, remarks of the Secretary of the Navy ctmceming the 4©2 
 
 statement of l*resident Arthur concerning the 16 
 
 Stamps, internal -revenue, redemption of 89 
 
 post;il.vci>ort on 923
 
 1018 INDEX. 
 
 Pago. 
 
 Standard silver dollar, fltatemeut of the Recrelary of the Treasury concernin<j; the 35 
 
 United .States Treasurer coucerning the. - 287 
 
 .State, War, and Navy Departments building, report on the 481 
 
 statement of the Secretary of War 
 
 concerning 323 
 
 Steamboat inspection, statement of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning — 67 
 
 Steamship mail senice, appropriation for 840 
 
 .Steam-Engineering, Naval Bureau of, chief of the report of 552 
 
 Subsistence Department, report of the Commissary-General 399 
 
 statement of the Secretary of War concerning the 312 
 
 Sugar from beets, remarks of the Commissioner of Agriculture on 993 
 
 Naval Academy, report of the , 540 
 
 Surgeon-General of the Army, report of the 408 
 
 Surgical records of the Army, division of 413 
 
 Swain, D. S. , Judge- Advocate-General, report of - — 370 
 
 T. 
 
 Tariff Commission, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning the 56 
 
 Tariff laws, remarks of President Arthur concerning 13 
 
 Taxation, reduction of, statement of the Commission on Internal Revenue 80 
 
 Taxation of national bauks, remarks of President Arthur concerning 43,44 
 
 railroad lands, remarks of the Secretary of the Interior concerning.. 582 
 
 upon liquors and tobacco, remarks of the President concerning the 12, 13 
 
 Taxes, reduction of, statement of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning 48 
 
 Tea culture, remarks of the Commissioner of Agriculture concerning 992 
 
 Telegraph, military, remarks of the Secretary of War concerning 322 
 
 Teller, H. M., Secretary of the Interior, report of __' 555 
 
 Tenth Census, remarks of the Secretary of the Interior concerning 590 
 
 Tenure of office, remarks of President Arthur concerning 23 
 
 Texas and Pacific Eailway Company 716 
 
 Texas, military station, purchase of 397 
 
 Three and a half per cent, bonds, statement of the Secretary of the Treasurj' con- 
 cerning 34, 38 
 
 Thompson, W. B., Superintendent of Kaihvay Service, report of 895 
 
 Tobacco, internal-revenue tax on 92,96 
 
 supply of, to the Army 403 
 
 Torpedo defense, Army . 437 
 
 Naval _ -469,551 
 
 Trade in American and foreign countries, remarks of President Arthur on 18 
 
 the Secretary of the Treas- 
 ury on 59 
 
 Training boys for seamen 477 
 
 Transit of Venus.. _ _ 50G-508 
 
 Transportation of the Army 390 
 
 Treasurer of the United States, report of the 281 
 
 Ti-ea.sury, report of Charles J. Folger, Secretary of the 27 
 
 Trust-fund bonds, remarks of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning 33 
 
 U. 
 
 Union Pacific Eailroad Director, report of the 694 
 
 United States bonds, .statement of the Secretary of the Treasury concerning .'^2 
 
 Upton, W. W., Second Comptroller of the Currency, report of.. 217
 
 INDEX. 1019 
 
 Page. 
 
 Utah Territory -- 592 
 
 Ut€ Indians 653 
 
 V. 
 
 Venezuela, the government of, remarks of the President concerning 6 
 
 Venus, observations on the transit of 506-508 
 
 Veterinary division of the Department of AgiiciilturL-.. 998 
 
 surgeons 336 
 
 W. 
 
 Walker, J. G. , chief of Bureau of Navigation, report of... 504 
 
 "W'agon transportation of the Aniiy 389, 39:5 
 
 Walker, John G., chief of the Bureau of Navigation, report of 499 
 
 War records, Union and confederate 423 
 
 War, report of Robert T. Lincoln, Secretary of 304 
 
 War, vessels of the Navy, statement of the Secretary concerning 453 
 
 Washington Aqueduct, remarks of the Chief of Engineers concerning 440 
 
 Washington, navy-yard at 491 
 
 AVater transportation of the Army 393 
 
 Wilson, T. D., chief of Bureau of Construction and Repair, report of 530 
 
 Wright, H. G., Major-General, Chief of Engineers, report of 435 
 
 y. 
 
 Yards and Docks, Bureau of, remarks of the Secretary of the Navy concerning.. 469 
 
 report of the Chief of the Bureau of 489 
 
 Yellowstone National Park 598,790 
 
 Yorktown, Virginia, monument at 323
 
 X 
 
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