f;-A' HP ^ \r GIFT OF Henry U. Brandenstein Ratio ac Vis A STANDARD CLASSICAL WORKS Horace, The Works of. With English Notes, for the use of Schools and Colleges. By J. L. Lincoln, Professor of Latin Language and Literature in Brown University. 12mo. 575 pages. Livy. Selections from the first five books, together with the twen- ty-first and twenty-second books entire. With a Plan of Rome, and a Map of the Passage of Hannibal, and English Notes for the use of Schools. By J. L. Lincoln, Prof, of the Latin Lan- guage and Literature in Brown University. 12mo. 329 pages. Quintus Curtius: Life and Exploits of Alexander the Great. Edited and illustrated with English Notes, by William Henry Crosby. 12mo. 385 pages. Sallast's Jugurtha and Catiline. With Notes and a Vocabu- lary. By Butler and Sturgas. 12mo. 397 pages. It is believed that this will be fonnd superior to any edition heretofore published in this country. The Histories of Tacitus. With Notes for Colleges. By W. S. Tyler, Professor of Latin and Greek in Amherst College. 12mo. 453 pages. Tacitus's Germania and Agricola. With Notes for Colleges. By W. S. Tyler. 12mo. 193 pages. Virgil's JEneid.* With Explanatory Notes. By Henry Frieze, Professor of Latin in the State University of Michigau. (Re- cently published.) 12mo. 598 pages. The type is unusually large and distinct. The work contains eighty-five engravings, which delineate the usages, customs, weap- ons, arts, and mythology of the ancients, with a vividness that can be attained only by pictoiial illustrations. GREEK TEXT-BOOKS. A First Greek Book* and Introductory Eeader. By A. Harkness, Ph.D., author of "Arnold's First Latin Book." 11 Second Latin Book," etc. (Recently published.) 12mo. 276 pasres. Acts of the Apostles, according to the text of Augustus Hahn. With Notes .and a Lexicon by John J. Owen, D. D., LL. D. With Map. 12mo. Arnold's First Greek Book,* on the Plan of the First Latin Book. 12mo. 297 pages. Arnold's Practical Introduction to Greek Prose Composi- tion.* 12mo. 297 pages. Second Part to the above.* 12mo. 248 pagea. SEE END OP THIS VOLUME. J^VVM^.^b. FIRST GREEK BOOK ; COMPRISING AN OUTLINE OP THE FORMS AND INFLECTIONS OF THE LANGUAGE, COMPLETE ANALYTICAL SYNTAX, INTRODUCTORY GREEK READER. ®it| $M*s nil WnaMmts. BY ALBERT HARKNESS, Ph.D., PROFESSOR OF GREEK IN BROWN UNIVERSITY, ACTIIOR OF u ARNOLD'S FIRST LATIN BOOK," "A SECOND LATIN BOOK," ETC. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON & COMPANY 549 & 551 BROADWAY. LONDON: 16 LITTLE BRITAIN. 1871. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in tho year 1360, by V>. APPLETON & CO. In tho Clerk's Oflice 0/ the District Court of tho United States lor tho Southern District of New York. 9IKT. : *> : **• i. UC4 : ffi$tfpkMmdu PEEFAOE. The volume now offered to the public is designed to be at once an outline of Greek Grammar and an Introductory Greek Reader. It proposes to conduct the beginner through the common forms and inflec- tions of the language, to acquaint him with the lead- ing principles of its syntax, to present before him a distinct picture of the Greek sentence, and, finally, to furnish him with a short course of reading prepara- tory to the Anabasis of Xenophon. It is based upon the same philological principles as the author's Latin books, though in its execution it differs from them in one or two important particulars. It follows more closely the ordinary arrangement of standard Gram- mars, and proceeds more rapidly in the development of its plan. The general method of classification and treatment, however, is the same. Moreover, princi- ples and rules which are common to both the Greek and the Latin are stated in the same language as in those works, thus rendering the pupil's knowledge already acquired for the Latin available also for M161731 IV PREFACE. the Greek. This, it is hoped, will not only econo- mize the time of the learner, but also lead him to compare the two languages, and thus secure a more definite knowledge of their resemblances. The present work is the result of a growing con- viction on the part of the author that the old method of burdening the memory of the beginner with a con- fused mass of unmeaning forms, inflections, and rules, without allowing him the luxury of using the knowl- edge he is so laboriously acquiring, is at once unsat- isfactory and unphilosophical. It accordingly aims to present a clear and systematic arrangement of the great facts and laws of the language, and to illustrate them step by step with carefully selected examples and exercises. In this way every lesson is learned for actual use, and thus becomes clothed with inter- est and meaning. The various changes of inflection, otherwise so dry and difficult, are found to be the keys to the rich treasures of ancient thought. In preparing the exercises and the reading lessons care has been taken to introduce euch selections as would not only best illustrate grammatical points, but would also possess in themselves Borne intrii value and interest. The work is designed to be complete in itself, re- quiring no accompaniment of grammar or Lexicon. For the convenience, however, "I* such as mav prefer to use it, in connection with i i— Active Voice . 72 XXXV. Verbs.— 0ov\evu — Active Voice . . . 7:> XXXVI. Verbs. — fiovXeva — Active Voice, continued . 78 XXXVII. Verbs.— Active Voice.— Exercises . . .80 XXXVIII. Verbs.— &ou\(vu>— Middle Voice . . .81 XXXIX. Verbs.— Middle Voice.— Exercises . . .84 XL. Verbs. — Passive Voico .... 85 XLI. Verbs. — Passive Voice. — BxercitM . . .88 XLII. Verbs. — Augment and Reduplication. — Formation of TeniM ...... 90 XLIII. Verbs.— Exercises .... XUV. Impure Verbs.— Mute Verba ... 95 XLV. Impure Verbs.— Mute Verbs.— Exercises . . 98 XLV1. Impure Verb--. — Mute Verbs, emitiuued . X.LVII Impure Verbs.- M ute Veil.-, enntinued . 101 XLVIII. Impu; CONTENTS. IX LESSOR PAGB XLIX. Impure Verbs. — Liquid Verbs . . 104 L. Liquid Verbs, continued 107 LI. Contract Verbs. — Class I. — Verbs in o« . 109 LII. Contract Verbs. — Class I. — Exercises .. 112 LIII. Contract Verbs. — Class II. — Verbs in e« . 113 LIV. Contract Verbs. — Class II. — Exercises 116 LV. Contract Verbs. — Class III. — Verbs in 6ca . 117 LVI. Contract Verbs. — Class III. — Exercises 120 LVII. Verbs in -/u . . . . . . 121 LVIII. Verbs in -fit. — Middle and Passive Voices . 125 LIX. Verbs in -fu. — Exercises. — Active Voice . 128 LX. Verbs in -fit. — Exercises. — Middle and Passive Voices 131 LXI. Verb dpi, I am . . 132 LXII. Particles ..... 135 BOOK II. SYNTAX. LXIII. Classification of Sentences . 137 CHAPTER I. SIMPLE SENTENCES. LXIV. Principal Elements of Sentences. — Subject and Predi- cate. — Declarative Sentences . . .139 LXV. Subordinate Elements. — Modifiers. — Declarative Sen- tences ...... 140 LXVI. Elements of Sentences, continued. — Interrogative and Imperative Sentences .... 142 LXVII. Simple Subject 144 LXVIIL Complex Subject 145 LXIX. Complex Subject. — Exercises . . . .149 LXX. Simple Predicate . . . . .150 LXXI. Complex Predicate.— Direct Object . . .153 LXXII. Complex Predicate. — Indirect Object . . 155 LXXIII. Complex Predicate.— Remote Object . . .157 LXXTV. Complex Predicate. — Direct Object with Predicate- Accusative . . . . .159 X CONTENTS. LESSON PACK LXXV. Complex Predicate. — Combined Objects. — Two Accu- satives . . . . . .161 LXXVI. Complex Predicate. — Combined Objects. — Accusative and Dative ..... 163 LXXVII. Complex Predicate. — Combined Objects. — Accusa- tive and Genitive . . . . .165 LXXVIII. Complex Predicate. — Combined Objects. — Genitive and Dative . . . . .161 LXXIX. Complex Predicate — Adverbial Attribute. — Adverbs 169 LXXX. Complex Predicate. — Adverbial Expressions. — Place and Time . . . . 171 LXXXI. Complex Predicate. — Adverbial Expressions. — Man- ner, Means, Cause . . . .173 LXXXII. Complex Predicate. — Oblique Cases with Prepositions as Adverbial Expressions . . . 175 LXXXIIT. Complex Substantive Predicate . . .177 LXXXIV. Complex Adjective Predicate . . .178 LXXXV. Elements of Simple Sentences. — Recapitulation . 181 CHAPTER n. COMPLEX SENTENCES. Section I. — Complex Sentences — Unabridged. LXXXVI. Sentence as Subject or Predicate . . . 183 LXXXVII. Sentence as Modifier of Subject or other Noun . 185 LXXXVIII. Sentence as Object of Predicate . . .188 LXXXIX. Adverbial Attributive Scntemos.— riaci', Time . L90 XC.. Adverbial Attributive StOtonccs. — Cause, Manner, Condition ..... 193 Section II. — Complex Sentences— »J XCI. Principal Elements, Abridged. — Modifiers of ^u 1 Abridged ...... 196 XCII. Modifiers of Predicate, Abridged . . .199 CONTENTS. XI CHAPTER IE. COMPOUND SENTENCES. Section I. — Compound Sentences — Unabridged. 1ESSON PAGE XCHI. Classes of Compound Sentences .... 202 Section II. — Compound Sentences — Abridged. XCIY. Compound Elements. — Subjects, United. — Predicates, United 205 XCY. Compound Elements. — Modifiers of Subject, United. — Modifiers of Predicate, United. — Elements Common to Different Members . . . .208 XCVI. Classification of Sentences.— Recapitulation . . 210 PART II. GREEK SELECTIONS. I. Fables 215 II. Jests 219 III. .Anecdotes . . . . . . .220 IV. Legends 228 V. Mythology . 233 Notes ........ 237 Greek and English Vocabulary ..... 249 English and Greek Vocabulary . . • .' 273 EXPLANATIONS. II . . . Hadley's Greek Grammar. C . . . Crosby's " " S . . . Sophocles' " u Numorals not preceded by any initials refer to articles in this work. FIRST GREEK BOOK INTRODUCTION I. — Alphabet. 1. The Greek Alphabet consists of the following twenty-four letters : Form. Sound. Name. A a a Alpha B b Beta T 7 g hard Gamma A 8 Delta E € e short Epsilon Z K z Zeta H V e long Eta e he th Theta i i i Iota K K k Kappa A \ 1 Lambda M /* m Mu N V n Nu s i X Xi o short Omicron n 7T P Pi p P r Eho X a- (? final) s Sigma T T t Tau T V u Upsilon $ $ P h Phi X X ch Chi W •\lr ps Psi n CO 6 long Omega. A INTRODUCTION. II. — Classification of Letters. 1. Vowels. 2. The Greek lias seven vowels : Two — e and o . . . short. Two — rj and to . . . long. Three — a, *, and v . . doubtful. 3. Two vowels may unite and form a diphthong, as in English ; but in Greek all these combinations must end in i or v> and are called proper ox improper diphthongs, according as the other vowel is short or long, e. g. : Proper Diphthongs. Improper Diphthongs. ai, ei, oi, av, ev t ov. a, y, to, vv. Rem. — In the improper diphthongs the t, instead of being placed after the other yowel (except after a capital) is written un- der it, as a instead of at. It is then called Iota subscript, i. e. iota written under. 2. Consonants. 4. The Greek has seventeen consonants : 1) Four liquids: X, /*, v, p. 2) Nine mutes, which may be arranged aa fol- lows : Smooth. Middle. ffttlffc Pi-mutes . . . . 7r (S Kappa-mutes . . . k y x Tan-mutes . . . . t 8 '). Kim. — The smooth, mi. Idle. and rou^lt mutes- of the BUM differ from etch other only in I tk>n: thus n is not aspirated at all. ,i is partially iO, and (ji is fully aspirated ph. BREATHINGS. ACCENTS. 3 3) Three double consonants : ifr, formed by adding 9 to a Pi-mute, as 7r?=>|r. f, " " 5 to a Kappa-mute, as *?=£. £ " uniting 5 and Tau-mute 8> as 69 or 4) , have nearly the same sounds as in the English Method : the other vowels are pronounced as follows : a like a in father ; e. g. irarrip. 7j a in made ; e. g. irarrip. t, em me / e. g. io-ttjjm. 2. Sounds of the Diphthongs. 27. The diphthongs have nearly the same sounds as in the English Method, with the following excep- tions : V" av like ou in house / e. g. vav$. ov oo in noon / e. g. vovv. vi we in pronoun we / e. g. fivla. 3. Sounds of the Consonants. 28. The pronunciation of the consonants is nearly the same as in the English Method. III. THE MODERN GREEK METHOD.* 1. Sounds of the Vowels. 29. a like a in father ; e. g. irarrip. e e there ; e. g. ipe. n, i, v e me / e. g. irrffvv\iL. o, co o note ; e. g. vcotos. * For the Modern Greek Pronunciation the author is indebted to the kindness of Rev. R. F. Buel, late missionary to Greece and long resident in Athens. 8 INTRODUCTION. 2. Sounds of the Diphthongs. 30. at like e in there ; e. g. epetcu. ei, oi, vt e me f e. g. fieioT, fivla. ov oo noon y e.g. vovv. a, y, co precisely like the single vowels a, n, o). The diphthongs av, ev, nv, before a vowel, diph- thong, liquid, or ft, 7, 8, f, have the sounds of av, ev, ev in average, every, even : e. g. av\6<;, evBov, rjvBov. In other situations they have the sounds of of, ef, eef in after, effort, reef: e. g. avgco, nvgno-a. 3. Sounds of the Consonants. 31. /3 has the sound of the English v : e. g. /Saw. 7 has no exact representative in English ; it has a sound intermediate between that of g hard and y, and is approximately expressed by g in again : e. g. 761/0?, ryepa$. Before k, 7, %, and f, it has the sound of ng in g&igf ; e. g. ayyeXos, pronounced anggelos. ' 8 has the sound of £/& in tffom. $ has the sound of th in think. v has generally the sound of ?i in English ; in the article, however, it has before k the sound of ng: as tt)v K6(paXi]v ; and before ir that of m, as ryv irokiv. it has generally the sound of j), but after v of the article and /* it has that of h : e. g. a/x7re\o?, tt)i> 7ro\ti>. t has generally the sound of t, but after y in the middle of a word and after v of the article it i- pro- nounced like d: e. g. irdvra, tijv rifiijv. X has no equivalent in English, bnl is like the German ch. It may he approximately described aa intermediate between the sounds of/ and jfc in //< and /- MAEKS OF PUNCTUATION. 9 The other consonants are pronounced nearly as in the English Method. 32. In pronunciation quantity is disregarded, the rough breathing is not heard, and the written mark determines the spoken accent. Yin. — Marks of Punctuation. 33. Comma 5 Colon Period Interrogation-mark j PART I. LESSONS AND EXERCISES, BOOK I. ETYMOLOOY Lesson I. Parts of Speech. — Sentence. — Verbs. 34. In Greek, as in English, words are divided, according to their use, into eight classes, called Parts of Speech, viz. : Nouns, Adjectives, Pronouns, Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjec- tions. Hem. — The Article is properly a Demonstrative. 35. These parts of speech, either singly or com- bined, form sentences, e. g. : AXrjOevco. f O tcpLTr)? aknOevei. I speak the truth T/ie judge speaJcs the truth. 36. Sentences in their various forms and combina- tions, of course, constitute the language. 37. Every sentence, however simple, consists of two distinct partSj viz. : 12 ETYMOLOGY. 1) The Subject, or that of which it speaks, as KpLTris in the sentence Kpnr]<; d\7j6evei. 2) The Predicate, or that which is said of the subject, as akrjOevei, in the above sen- tence. 38. In Greek, as in Latin, the subject is often omitted, when the form of the predicate shows what subject is meant : thus the single word, 'AkrjOeva), 1 speak the truth, is in itself a complete sentence, be- cause the ending o> shows that the subject cannot be he, they, or you, but must be'Z 39. When a sentence is thus expressed by a single word, that word is always a verb, and the omitted subject, implied in the ending of the verb, is always a pronoun of the same number and person as the verb itself; as, 'AXrjOeveis, You speak the truth. 40. The Greek verb, like the English, has three Persons, First, Second, and Third, but, unlike the English, three Numbers, Singidar, Dual (denoting two or sl pair), and Plural. 41. The verb in co is inflected in the Present In- dicative Active with the following PERSONAL ENDIN 1st Pcrs. 2d IVrs. 3d Pers. 0) flff fl DUAL. (TOP (TOV l-i i i:.m. O/ifl/ €T( ov, j3ov\ev€is, (3ovkcil(L, ftovheverov, fiovkeverov, I advise, you advise, he advises, you two advise, they two advise, ypdcpco, ypdcpeis, ypdfai, ypd(p€Tov, ypdtperov, PLURAL. I write, you write, he writes. you two write, they two write. fiovkevop.€v, we advise, fiovXevere, you advise, Pov\€vov(ti(v), they advise, ypdcpopev, we write, ypdcpere, you write, ypd(0, ct9, to write. Iml 7) avKYf, a fig-tree. 3) Indeclinable nouns and clauses used as nouns, are neuter ; as, to "Akcfra. 53. The Greek, like the English and the Latin, has three persons, First, Second, and Third, but, unlike them, three numbers, Singula!', which means one, Dual, two, and Plural, more than one. Thus the plural, it will be observed, includes the dual. 5i. The Cases in Greek are five in number : Nom- inative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, and Vocative. The place of the Latin Ablative is supplied partly by the Genitive, but mostly by the Dative. 55. The Nominative Case corresponds to the nom- inative in English both in name and use. 5G. Rule. — Subject. The subject of a finite verb is put in the nomina- tive, c. g. : JIotT/T?)? ypd, as, KAeVr^S, KXe7TT(o, as, Koprj, Acyw, ets, Ma^njs, Neavtas, Ilat^w, ets, ^Tpartwrrys, ^>evyo), as, Xatjow, as, to judge, decide. a thief. to steal. a girl, maiden. to tell, relate, spealc. a pupil, learner. a youth, young man. to play, to sport. a citizen. . a soldier. to flee. to rejoice. 59. Exercises. 1. KopTj ypdfet. 2. Tpd^ere. 3. Tpdcpo/jLev. 4. Xaipeis. 5. Neavia? %at/?et. 6. Xalpofiev. 7. K\e- 7TT77? /c\e7rm. 8. AiKaCp^v. 9. UoX/tt;? 8i,fcd£ei. 10. Aucd^ere. IT. 1. They are playing. 2. A youth is playing. 3. A pupil is reading. 4. You are reading. 5. A sol- dier is fleeing. 6. They are fleeing. 7. I advise, 8. We advise. 13 ETYMOLOGY. Lesson V. First Declension. 60. Nouns in Greek are declined in three different ways, and are accordingly divided into three Declen- sions. 61. In any noun, of whatever declension, 1) The root may be found by dropping the end- ing of the genitive singular. 2) The several cases may be formed by adding to this root the proper endings. 62. Nouns of the First Declension present the fol- lowing Nominative Endings : — a and 77, feminine ; a? and 77?, masculine. 63. They are declined by adding to the root the following CASE-ENDINGS. SINGULAR. Nora. r) a a TJS fit Gen. T)S Ct 17$", lis OV on Dat. V 9 v, 4 V « Ace. rjv dv uv T)V uv Voc. n a a DUAL. &or t] a Nora. Ace. Voc. a Gen. Dat. UIV PLURAL. Nom. at Gen, Lv Dat. (US Ace. as Voc. TU TU> G. &D. toIv Tciiv TOLV PLUEAL. Nom. t 01 al TU Gen. TU3V TOiV TOjU Dat. TOIS TCUS Tols Ace. TOVS TO.S TO.. * The endings cu and oi are regarded as short in accentuation. f i e. by the natural quantity of its vowel, independently of position. 22 ETYMOLOGY. 71. On accentuation, observe that the forms 6, i), oi, at, take no accent, the Gen. and Dat. the circum- flex, and the other forms the acute. 72. Rule. — Article. The Article agrees with its noun in gender, num- ber, and case, e. g. : f H iTriarokt]. The letter. At 67ricrTo\aL The letters. 73. Rule. — Modifying Nouns. A noun modifying the meaning of another noun is put 1) In the same case as that noun, when it de- notes the same person or thing, e. g. : Evpnrihns 6 iroinTrjs. Euripides the poet. 2) In the Genitive, when it denotes a different person or thing, e. g. : c H tov icpiTov aperrj. \ The virtue of the judge. 74. "When the governing noun has an article, the genitive is commonly placed between the article and that noun, as in the above example. As the Greek language, however, allows great freedom in the ar- rangement of words, this order is by no means uni- formly followed. Thus, the above example may read, 1. f H tov /epiTov apery. 2. r H aperrj y rod Kpirov. 3. 'H apery tov Kpirov. 4. Tov Kpirov y apery. 75. Rule. — Direct Obj< Any transitive rerb may tab is the diivcf object of its action, rpd(f)0) eirtcroXyv. \ J tttr* FIRST DECLENSION. 23 Lesson VII. First Declension. — Exercises. 76. Vocabulary.* 'Etuo-toAtJ, yjs, r/, letter, message. T^vpa, as, fj, bridge. Kpn-rjs, ov, 6, judge. Avw, eis, to break, break down, violate. c O, 7], to, the. Olkia, as, 17, HouYjTrjs, ov, 6, poet. 'STrovSrj, rjs, ?/, libation ; plur. treaty, truce. ^TpanwT?7s, ov, 6, soldier. XaX€7ratVo), ets, fo fo angry. 77. Exercises. I. 1. Qavfjudfa TTjv eirio-ToXrjv. 2. f veavlas Savfid- Jet ras iiriaroXd^. 3. Gavfjid^ofjuev t?, masc. ; ov and cov, neut. Rem. — Some nouns in os arc feminine by exception. 79. They are declined by adding to the root the following CASE-ENDINGS. 8INGULAE. Nom. OS cor ov u>v Gen. ov CO ov CO Dat. o> 9 m Ci> Ace. ov CO V ov CO J' Voc. os or e * DUAL as ov b)V N. A. V. o> CO CO CO C. I). oiv cov otv (OV l'llKAL. \<>m. M M (I CO (Jen. IOV U)V (01/ cov Dat ots Mf Ace. ovs m§ a CO Voc. ot 9 • J CO. The Vocative generally cm 1 . SECOND DECLENSION. PARADIGMS. c O Xoyos. 'O Sedy. To IfjidTiov. To avKov. The word. The god. SINGULAR. The cloak. TJiefg. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. Xoyos Xoyov Xoyqy Xoyov Xoye Sfdff Seou 3eoV Sedr DUAL. lixdriou i^aTiov ifiaria i/xaTiov IfJLUTlOV avKov avKov avKco avKov 0~VKOV N. A. Y. G. D. Adyta Xoyoiv 3ca> 3eou> Ifiarica lixarioiv avKco avKoiv • PLUEAL. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. Xoyoi X6yo3V Xoyois Xoyovs Xoyoi. Seot %eo7s %eovs Seoi. iixdna IfxaTicov Ifiariois IfiaTia IjAaTia. o-vKa ai/Kcop ctvkois avKa avKa. 80. Accentuation. — The syllable which has the ac- cent in the nominative, retains it throughout all the cases, subject to the same exceptions and changes as in the First Declension (68), except in the Gen. Plur., which has the accent on the ultimate only when the JSTom. Sing, is accented on that syllable. Lesson IX. Second Declension, continued. 81. A few nouns of the second declension, having e or o before the ending, suffer contraction through 26 ETYMOLOGY. all the cases, and are declined according to the following PAEADIGMS. *0 7rAooj, 7rXoi5r. T6 OOTfOV, darovv. Th4 voyage. The lone. SINGULAR. Norn. 77X00? ttXovs dariov darovv Gen. irkoov 7r\0V dareov darov Dat. 7tXo&j 7tX&) OOTCOJ O0"Tv darSov Dat. 7r\6ois nXois dareois oarols Ace. nXoovs nXovs 6 art a oar a Voc. 7rXoOl 7rXot. dart a dard. Hem. — It will be observed that the above paradigms in their uncontracted form do not differ at all in their declension from Xoyor and avKov (79) ; it is only in the fact of their contraction that they present any peculiarity. 82. Accentuation. — The contracted ultimate is cir- cumflexed, if die penult had the accent before i traction; except in the Dual Norn. Ace. and Voc, Where it takes the acute, ad ffXdfi instead ofwXAh 83. Attic Second Declension* The nouns in o>? and cou form the bo called AUio Second Declcns ivi \ and are declined according to tlie following SECOND DECLENSION. 27 PARADIGMS. *0 Xecos, The people. To dva>ycoav. The hall. SINGULAR Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. Xecus Xeco Xe<5 \ed>v Xeoig DUAL. dvaytcov dvayeoi dvaiyccp dv(bye(ov dixayeav N. A. V. G. D. Xed> XfWI/ PLUEAL. dvayeco dvooyeav Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. Xecp Xcatu Xeas Xecos' XfO). dvwyeco dvoiyeoav dva>yea>s dva>yea> dva>yea>. 81. On accentuation, observe 1) That the Gen. Sing, retains the acute at va- riance with the rule (80), as Xeco, not Xecb. 2) That nouns of this declension may have the acute on the antepenult, as dvcoyecov, not avcoyicov. Lesson X. Second Declension . — Exercises. 85. The person or thing to or for which any thing is or is done, is called an indirect object, e. g. : Kvpos arpaTLcorr} ttjv eirc- crroXrjv avayiyvcoo-fcei. Cyrus reads the letter to a soldier. Rem. — Here arpan^Tr) is the indirect object, while €7riaroXr)u is the direct object. ETYMOLOGY. 86. Rule. — Direct and Indirect Objects. Any transitive verb may take the Accusative of the direct and the Dative of the indirect object. 87. The article is often used in Greek, though omitted in English, 1) Before abstract nouns, denoting virtues, vices, qualities, &c.j e. g. : Gavpd&fiev t?jv aocptav. We admire wisdom. 2) Before proper names of well known persons or places, e. g. : 'O Zco/cpaTTjs rrjv a-ooblav | Socrates admires wisdom. 88. Vocabulary. Aivctas, ov, 6, AltoKCO, as, 'HSovrj, rj? (Gen. cdtos), and -\jr. IL Feminines. 1) All nouns in £9 (Gen. aSo9), av9> ^9, a>, a>9 (^m. 009), and abstracts in 07979 and vtt)<;. 2) Most nouns in e^, is, and t>9. ELL Neuters. 1) All nouns in a, 77, t, 1/, op, and 09. 2) Most nouns in ap and 09 (Gen. aros). 92. Nouns of this declension are very numerous, and may be divided into five classes : 1) Those whose root appears unchanged in the Nom. Sing. : as waidv, Gen. iraiavos, a paean ; root, iraiav. 2) Those whose root lengthens its final vowel in the Nom. Sing. : as iroipLrjv, iroiiievos, a shepherd ; root, iroifiiv. 3) Those whose root assumes 9 to form the Nom. Sing. : as, \ai\ayjr (?T9), XaiKairos, a storm } root, \al\a7r. i) Those whose root drops its final consonant (or consonants) in Nom. Sing. : as, acofia, o-co- fiaros, a body / root, o-cbficiT. 5) Contracts with pure root, i.e. ending in a vowel : as, tci^o?, reixeos, relxov? ; root, 93. Nouns of the third declension arc declined Vvith the following THIRD DECLENSION. 31 CASE-ENDINGS. SINGTTLAK. Masc. and Fem. Neuter. Nom. — — Gen. OS Off Dat. I I Ace. a or v like Nom. Voc. DUAL. like Nom. N. A. V. € € G. &D. OLV 0(1/ PLUEAL. Nom. €S a Gen. (OV cov Dat. «oo* • m(v)* Ace. as a Voc. es a Rem. — The Ace. ending v is used only in nouns of the fifth class, and in a few of the third. 94:. Class I. — Boot like Nominative Singular. PARADIGMS. c naidv. The paean. 'O Kparrjp. The "bowl. SI1SGULAE. *0 alow. The age. 'O "EXkrjv. The Greek. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. iraidv naiavos 7ratdvi rraiava Traidv Kparr)p Kparrjpos Kparrjpi Kparrjpa Kparrjp DUAL. alcov alcovos alcove alcova aloav "EWrjv "EXXrjvos "EXXrjvi "EWrjva "EXKrjv N. A. V. G. &D. rraiave Traiavow Kparrjpe Kparrjpoiv PLUEAL. alcove aloovoiv "EWrjve 'EXkrjvoiv Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. 7raiaves rraidvoov iraido~i(y) Tcaiavas naidves- Kparrjpes Kparrjpcov Kparr)po~i{y) Kparrjpas Kparrjpes. alcoves aloovcov aleoat^v') alcovas alcoves. "EWrjves 'EXkrjvoov "EWrjo-t^v) "EXXr/i/ay "EWrjves. * This ending is , as, to sing. Teiopyos, ov y 6, husbandman, AovA.05, ov, 6, slave, servant. "EAA77V, 77VOS, 6, Greek, <■ &d\Xoi, as, to bloom. ®rjp, Srjposy 6, iei!d beast, beast of prey, Kparrjp, rjpova<$ e%ej. 4. ^evyo/iev tovs Srjpas. 5. 'O Bovko? tov Kparffpa Savfidfa- 6. 01 crrpaTCwraL Traiavas ahovaiv. 7. 01 to)V 'EWtfvcov (TTpaTrjyol Traiavas dBovariv. Lesson XIII. Third Declension. — Class II 98. Class II. lengthens the short vowel in the final syllable of the root to form the nominative singular : as, iTOLfir}v s ttoija&vo*; ; root, iroipbiv. PARADIGMS. 'O rroiprjv. The shepherd. The divinity. '0 aWqp. The air. '0 pr)Tu ^vyarpdat^y) dvbpd(Ti{y) SvyaTepas tivdpas Svyarepcs. tivdpes. 100. These Paradigms differ from the regular Par- adigms of this class, 1) In dropping € of the root in the Gen. and Dat. Sing, and in the Dat. PL, and in um)p in all the cases, except the Nom. and Voc. Sing. 2) In inserting U in the Dat PL before the end- ing to soften the pronunciation; in Amjp also a & for the panic reason in all its Byn- copated forms in place of the omitted THIRD DECLENSION. 35 3) In several irregularities of accentuation, which will be readily seen in the Paradigms themselves. Lesson XIV. Third Declension. — Class II — Exercises 101. The Article in Greek often has the force of the possessives my, his, her, &c. ; e. g. : r O iroi}ir]V ir]V SvyaTepa crepyec. The shepherd loves his (lit. the) daughter. 102. YoCABULARY. "Av#p(j07TOS, OV, 6, *Hye[jui>v, ovos, 6, Qrjpiov, ov, to, ®vydrrjp, rpos, rj, Kvpos, ov, 6, MtJt^o, wrpos, rj, Har-qp, 7rarp6<;, 6, HoLfirjv, eyos, 6, 'Pryrcop, opos, 6, Soviet, as, 17, Srepyco, as, 103. Exercises. guide. icild animal, least, game. daughter. Cyrus, a Persian prince who attempted to dethrone his brother Artaxerxes. mother. father. shepherd. orator, speaker. wisdom. to love. I. 1. 01 TToifiive? tovs prjTopa? Sav[Aa£ovT)Twp ttjv Svyarepa Sav/id^ei. II. 1. The shepherds love their daughters. 2. The girls love their father. 3. "We admire the orator. 4. The guide admires the shepherd. 5. The daughter of the guide is writing a letter. Lesson XV. Third Declension. — Class III. 104. Class III. adds 9 to the root to form the nom- inative singular, as \al\ayfr (7r?), \ai\a,7ro<; ; root, Xal- \air. Rem. — It will be at once seen that if s be added to the root, we shall have Xaikans ', but ns must be written \^, hence XalXayjr. 105. In the formation of the nominative singular and the dative plural, observe the following euphonic changes : 1) A Pi-mute — ir y /3, — at the end of the root coalesces with 9 and foimfl ^: as Xal- \a7r-9, \cu\ayjr. 2) A Kappa-mute — /c,y, x — coalesces with 9 and forms f : as KopaK-s, /copal;. 3) A Taii-mute — t, 8, $ — is dropped before 9: as \a^7ra8-9, Xdfnra? (8 j>j» i> KopaKcou Dat. Xat'Xa^t(v) Kopa^i(v) Acc. Xn/XaTras 1 KopaKas Voc. XaiXcwrfy. Kopaices. Xapirddcs Xapndboiv Xapnd0i\6<70(f)ot, Tou? Kokaicas ev$ "EWtj- va$ iiaicapiCpvtTiv. 9. 01 pijrope? rrjv elpijvrjv \vov yeiii&va (pevyov&w. 11. f 9 iroifiivm fiateap%ei. II. 1. The girl has a bird. 2. The bird sings. 3. The girl esteems the birds happy. 4. The general is sending heralds. 5. The daughters of the herald admire the breastplate of the general. 6. The soldiers are pursuing the fugitives. 8. The girl admires the gold. Lesson XVI. Third Declension. — Class IV. 109. Class IV. drops t or kt from the root to form the nominative singular, because it is a principle in the Greek language that no word may cud in t: as crcofia, fJLaTOpa. The body. Root, crcopar. To trpaypa. The thing. Root, irpdypar. SIXGULAE. To ydXa. The milk. Root, yaXaKT. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. (Tco/xa acop,dros crtopaTi /xara. irpdyp.ara irpaypdraiP 7rpdypa(Ti(y) •npdypara trpdypara. ydXaKTa yaXaKTcov yaXa$-i(y) ydXaKTa ydXaKTa. Rem. — Observe that r is also dropped in the Dat. PL, because it can never stand before s. 110. YoCABTJLARY. 'ASeA?, ypcoos, a hero; root, ijpa). These present no special peculiarities, and arc declined according to the paradigm ready given for Classes 1. and 111. TRIED DECLENSION. 41 2) Those which are contracted, and which conse- quently present some peculiarities. These constitute Class Y. 114. Paradigms. Pure Boot — Not Contracted. To daKpv. '0 kls. 'O Scif. The tear. The weevil. Thejaclrd. Root,. SaKpu. Root. kl. Root, 3g>. Class I. Class III. Class IIL SINGULAR. Nom. du?), 77? (G. eo?), and 0? (G. eo?) undergo certain contractions, as seen in the following 42 ETYMOLOGY. PAKADIGMS. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. 'O ftaaikevs. The king. Hoot, ^atriXe. fiaaiKevs /SatriXc'a)? /3acriX(e'i')6t /3acnXea fiav Dat. fia, €15, Aocf>os, ov, 6, Meye#09, cos, ov?, to, Eei/o^wv, wn-os, 6, "0/30S, COS, OVS, TO, nepo-775, ov, 6, IIoAc/jU09, ov, 6, Tet^o?, cos, ovs, to, T/nrjp^g, cos, ovs, ^, <£vAaTT? and ecov in the Gen. of nouns in *? and v$ admit an accent on the antepenult as if short, as 7ro'Aea>9. PARADIGMS. 'II 7To\lS. The city. '0 nrJxP 8 * The cubit. To (rivani. The mustard. To (i(TTV. The city. Root, rroXi. Root, tttixv. Root, alvam. Root, "kttv. SINGULAR. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. 7rokXs 7roXeo)s 7ToXfl noXiu TTuXl 1TT}X ea)S iryxct iri)X vv DUAL. tripdirt vivanu V 7roXffri(i/) K&Mtt 7ToXftV. •nl)X (i * 7rt'jX(iA.i7nros, ov, 6, Philip, king of Maccdon. 125. Exercises. I. 1. 01 crrpancoTai rrjv ttoKlv <\)v\drrei. 2. Ta tj}«? 7T0\£&>? KTIJfJLaTCL v\aT70fl€V. 3. ^/Xi7T7rO? 7r6\€l? e^et. 4. To oVtu Tei^n e^et. 5. Ot iro\ep,ioi i/c tov aarreos t\io?, t,\ia, PARADIGM. LXiou c^iXie DUAL. Fcm. (f>iXid iXloj> (jyiXiov ^)tX(O) (fylXtou (friXioiv (friXta cfiiXlaiv lXlO>l> (piXiais (fiiXias iXim, though If it had fol- lowed the analogy of nouns it would have been (piXiau ADJECTIVES. FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS. 49 Lessor XXI. Adjectives. — First and Second Declensions, con- tinued. 130. Adjectives in o?, with e or o before the end- ing, suffer contraction, as xpvaeos {golden), xpvcrovs ; fern, xpvaia, XP va V > neu t- XP 1 ^ V dnXols dnXovs dnXol aTrXcil anXav anXais dxXas dnXai a-Xii dnXtov arrXois cnrXa. cinXa. Rem.— For accentuation of Nom. Ace. and Yoc. Dual, Masc. and Neut., see 82. 131. Some adjectives in 09 and ov? have but two 50 ETYMOLOGY. terminations for the three genders, as they employ the same form both for the masculine and the femi- nine. TAKADIGM3. "ASiKor, unjust. Evvoos, SINGULAR. cvvovs, well disposed. M.&F. Neut M.&F. Neat Nom. (idtKOs adlKov cvvovs (VVOVV Gen. (IdlKOV ddUov tvvov evvov Dat. u8lkco ddUco €VV(p (VV(p Ace. adiKou tlblKOP (VVOVV (VVOVV Voc. oSiKe uBlKOU DUAL. €VVOV (vvov N. A. V. dbiKco dblKOt evueo (VVCO G. &D. dbUoip ddUotv PLURAL. CVVOIV (VVOIV Nom. adiKOi adiica (VVOl (vvoa Gen. ddlKOiV dblK(OV (Ul>Q)U (VUCOV Dat. ddiicois dblKOlS (VUOIS (vvois Ace. dblKOVS ItdlKCL (VVOVS (vvoa Voc. » . . . (IdlKOl abaca. (VVOl cvvoa. Lesson XXII. Adjectives. — First and Second Declensions. — Exer- cises. 132. Rule. — Agreement of Adj Adjectives agree in gender, number, and case, with the nouns which they qualify, o. g. : J Aya6b<; fiaatkevs. A good Icing. 'AyaQ?] /3aai\eia. A good queen. ADJECTIVES. — FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS. 51 133. Adjectives maybe used in the predicate with the verb el/j,l to affirm some quality of the sub- ject, e.g.: r O ftacTLkevs ecTLV wyaOos. f H ftaatkeid e. 01 wyaOol. The good man. The good woman. The two good men. The good. 135. This is particularly frequent in the neuter plural, e. g. : Honorable things. Td KaXd. Honorable actions. Honorable conduct. 136. Vocabulary. 'Aya0os, rji ov, AtcrtyDos, a, ov, Bi/3Ao?, ov, rj, 'EAA^vTkos, rj, ov, "Ep-yov, ov, to, Eu8cU/XOw'£o), €15, KaKos, rj, ov, KaAos, rj y ov, K.7J7TOS, OV, 6, KpV7TTO), CIS, KvVeXXov, ov, to, shameful, base. book. Hellenic, Grecian tvorh, deed. to think happy. bad, base. beautiful, noble. garden. to conceal, hide. cup. 52 ETYMOLOGY. LTchs, 7raiSos, 6, hoy, son, child. 2o^>o5, 17, 6v, wise. Xpvtrovs, 77, ow, golden, of gold. 137. Exercises. I. 1. r O veavia? icaka epya Bico/cei. 2. Ta /ea\a 8md- KOfiev. 3. Ai KcCkaX Kopai Ta? eVtcrToXa? e-^ovaiv. 4. Oi nrdklral elau aocpol. 5. To KvireKkov eari %pv/cei. 11. 'O 7rat? T^y fcaXrjv fSiffKov e%et. II. 1. The boys arc playing in the beautiful park. 2. The good boy is writing a beautiful letter. 3. The good king has a golden breastplate. 4. The br« plate of the good king is of gold (r/oldot). 5. The boy has a golden cup. G. "Wc admire the boy's golden cup. Lesson XXIII. Adjectives. — First and Th>. 138. Many adjectives of throe terminations are declined in the masculine and neuter like nouns of ihethiri and in the feminine I o of ihc first ADJECTIVES. FIRST AND THIRD DECLENSIONS. 53 PARADIGMS. 2. 'HSl's-, sweet. 1. XapUis, graceful. SIXGULAE. Nom. %apUts xapUatTci x a P l * v Gen. -)(apUvTos x a P l * a(T1 l s x a P lcvT0S Dat. yapUvTi xapucrv XapUai(v) x a P t *°' (TClLS X a P^ €ptoi', prudent. M. &F. Neut. M.&F. Ncut. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. cppop (roxppovos (r(ppopa aoxfipova. Lesson XXIV. Adjectives. — Th r& /> 'one. 140. Some adjectives partake of the peculiarities of all the declensions. ADJECTIVES. THREE DECLENSIONS. 55 PARADIGMS. 1. Meydy, great. SIXGULAE. Nbm. fieyas fxeydXr) fiiya Gen. fieydXov fieyaXrjs fieydXov Dat. fieydXa* fieydXr] fieydXco Acc. [ikyav [xcydXrjv fieya Voc. H-eya ficydXrj fitya DUAL. N. A. V. ficyd\<0 jieydXa fieydXay G. & D. fieyaXoiv fifydXaiv fieydXoiv PLTJEAL. Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. HeydXot fieydXai fieydXd fieydXcov fieydXw yaydXtov ficyaXois ficydXais fxcydXois [leydXovs fxeydXas fieydXa ficydXoi ueyaXat fieydXa. 2. IloXis, much. 7ToXvS ffoXXr) 7ToXv noXXov TroXXrjs noXXov 7ToXX<0 7ToXXfj TToXXd) noXvu noXXrjv 7roXv noXv 7toXXtj noXv 7roXXa> iroXXd 7roX\a> 7roXXoiu noXXalv 7roXXolu ttoXXol 7roXXai noXXd 7ToXX<5u 7ToXXwV 7ToXXu)U itoXXols noXXais 7roXXo1s TToXXovS TToXXds 7ToXXd 7roXXoi noXXai noXXd. 141. YoCABULiRY. 'AOrjvcuoSj a, ov, 'Aperiy, rjs, rj, TXvkvs, tta, v (see 138), EvSat/itov, ov, Gen. ovos, Aeyco, eis, Meyas, a\r}, a, MeXas, atva, aV (see 138), OtKTet/30), Cl?, Olvos, ov, b t Has, iraxro. y 7raV, LToAvs, TroWrj, Tcdkvy 2co^>ptuv, cruxfipoVy TaAas, aim, ay (stftf 138), Ta^vs, eta, v, Athenian, an Athenian. manhood, virtue, excellence. sweet, agreeable. happy, prosperous, blest. to say, tell, speak hrge, great, tall. black, dark. cloud. to pity. wine. every, all, with Article all, the whole, much, great, many, to save, preserve, keep, prudent, temperate, unhappy, wretched, swift, fast, quick. 5g etymology. 14:2. Exercises. I. 1. f H uperrj crco^ei irdvra. 2. 'O Trafc fii\av i/id- tlov e^et. 3. OlKreipco ttjv raXatvav fiTjripa. 4. Olvok- \r)v $avfid£o/jLev. 11. Ot *A6r)valo(, (134) /MeydXrjv Si> vafiiv €%ov(tlv. II. 1. The king is prudent. 2. "We admire the pru- dent judge. 3. All admire the prudent. 4. We pity the unhappy father. 5. The general has swift tri- remes. 6. All the citizens admire the virtue of the general. 7. He is saving the whole city. Lesson XXV. Comparison of Adjectives. 143. In Greek, adjectives arc generally compared with the following endings : Comparative. Superlative M. I. N. M. N. T6/30?, repd, repov. tutos, tuttj, tutov. 144. Adjectives in o? drop 9 and append those endings; though, if the penult of the positive be Bhortj o must he Lengthened to m to prevent the con- currence of short syllables, e.g. : COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 57 Positive. Comparative. Superlative. kov({>os, light, KovcfroTepos, Kovfyoraros, (to^os, wise, o-ocpcoTepos, o-ocpcbraros, la-^vpo^, strong, Icr'xypoTepos, la-^vporaro^, al;i05, worthy, dgtcoTepos, aijicoTaros. 145. Adjectives in a?, aiva, av ; r)$, e? (G. eo?) ; u?, eta, v, append these endings directly to the neuter, e. g. : Positive. Comparative. Superlative. fii\a$, Mack (jjueXav), [leXavrepoSy fieXavraros, akrjOrjSj true (akwOes), aXwOicrTepo?, aXrjdiarraTOS, ryXv/cvs, sweet (yXv/cv), y\v/cvT€po<;, y\vKvraro<;, 146. A few adjectives are compared with the fol- lowing endings : Comparative. Superlative. M. &F. N. M. F. N. i(0V, TOV. HJTOS, LCTTTJy HJTOV, C g. I Positive. Comparative. Superlative. rySu?, sweet, rjSicov, ijSiaTOS, tea/cos, bad, /ca/cicov, kclkhjtos* 147. The following adjectives are irregular in their comparison : ayado? {good), dfieivcov, apio-ros, fiekricov, /5eXT£(JTO?, Kpecaacov or Kpelrrcov, Kpartaro^, fca\6<; (beautiful), /caWicov, koWio-tos, lieya? (great), iiei&v, fieycaro^. 148. Comparatives and superlatives present no pe- culiarities in their declension, except in comparatives in icov and av, which suffer contraction, as in the fol- lowing 58 ETYMOLOGY. PARADIGM. SIXGULAK. M.&F. Neut Nom. peifav /xei^oi/ Gen. [l(l£oPOS Hei£ovos Dat. Ace. Voc. lici(ovi fj.ei£ova, /iei'£o> DUAL. [ifi£opi fteifor [iel£op N. A. V. G. &D. fxeiCope [iet£6voiv Ij.cl£opc fJL€l£6P0lP PLUEAL. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. [X£i£6pa)P fi€iCoari(_v) /xei'^oi/ay, fici£ovs liel£oves, fi.ei£ovs /ifi^ova, /ie/£a> fXfl£6p(0P (Ji(i£o (xeifypa, /m'£a>. Lesson XXVI. Comparison of Adjectives. — Exercises. 149. After comparatives two constructions are ad- missible : 1) The connective ?/ may be used ; and then the following noun is generally in the same case as the corresponding noun before 7). 2) The ^connective ?; may bo omitted ; and then the following noun is put in the genitive. 150. Rule. — Comparison. The comparative degree is followed, 1) Without y, by the Genitive, e. g. : Mel&v cfLOv & Yo than I. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 59 2) "With rf, generally by tlie case of the corres- ponding noun before it, e. g. : Meifyov ia-riv rj iyco. He is taller than I. 151. Rule. — Partitive Genitive. The Partitive Genitive may be used after superla- tives, numerals, or any other words denoting a part, e.g.: Callias was the richest of the Athenians. KaWtas TrXovo-icbTaTOS f)v Tdv 'AOrjvaicov. 152. The superlative may sometimes be best translated by very instead of ?nost, e. g. : Kpolao? TfkovaicoTaTo? r)v. \ Crozsus was very wealthy. 153. Vocabulary. Ba#vs, eta, v, ~Ba.KTpLavrj, rj, Ev<£ooo>, ov t 'HSv?, eta, v, NetAos, ov, 6, IIAoOtos, ov, 6, IIoTa/Aos, ov, 6 Tt/xto?, a, ov, Ytos, ov, 6, "Yttvos, ov, 6, <£tAo?, 77, ov, 15^. Exercises. oJcep, profound. JBactriana, country in Cen- tral Asia. fruitful, fertile. or, after comp. than. sweet, agreeable, pleasant. Nile, celebrated river in Egypt. wealth, riclies. river, stream. valuable, precious. son. sleep. friendly, dear, friend. 1. Xo$ia irXovrov Tt/iLcorepa io"Tiv. 2. r O iraTrjp fiel&v icrrl tov vlov. 3. r O irarrjp fielfav icrrlv r) 6 60 ETYMOLOGY. t/io?. 4. 01 'Adrjvcuoi Svvajiiv e^pvac fieylarTjv rwv 'EXkrjveov. 5. K.T7)ixaT(ov ttuvtcov TLfiLcorarov icrriv dvrjp /\o?. G. r O veavias \iyet ra 7]8tTaT0?. AdV. CTO(/>W?, (TO(pQ)T€pOV, ao(f)s, securely, firmly. Ats, twice. AwSeKd, twelve. *E£ six. ES, well. 'HScW, rj8iov, rjBujTa, cheerfully, gladly. *I(TXyU), €19, to be strong, to be powerful. No/xo?, ov, 6, law, custom. OvSets, ov&€fiia, ovScV, no one, none, no. ITein"aKOcriot, at, a, liundrcd. IIws; how ? in irhut manner ? 2v/z/?ov\o9, ov, 0, counsellor, ad> TuAavrov, ov, to, talent, sum of money =$1000, TerpctKt9, four times. COMPARISON OF ADVERBS. 63 Tpet?, rpta, three. <&oveva), eis, to slay, kill. Xpovos, ovy 6, time. 163. Exercises. I. 1. Ev X&yet?. 2. JIw? Xe76i? ; 3. To raXavrov ao~a\a)S e^ay. 4. Tpet? etV^ o~v/jl/3ov\oi. 5. OuSet? j/o/io? Icryyei fieifyv t?}? avdyiCT]*;. 6. XvjAJSovkos ouSet? e<7T£ fieKriow %povov. 7. r O fiao-ikevs e^et irevratcocrca rdhavra. 8. 'O 7ra?? *%€& Tyna TaXazrra. 9. "Egti ra SooSefea* St? ££. 10. "Eort t acfxop (acfxat) (acfratp) PLUBAL. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. t)\i*i$ fffiebp fads. Vflfls VflUtP VfltP ifias. o-06 tr, Neut. o~(f)ta iai(p) aqbas, N. av T)fjuu avrdls r\P lv <*vtois rj/xas avrovs f]fias avrds. vfxeov avrcov vficov avrcov vfiiv avrots vy.lv avrals v[xas avrovs vfids avrds. 3. 'Eavrov, of himself SINGULAR. M. F N. Gen. Dat. Ace. iavrov = avrov iavr

evu/a£a>, cis, to cheat, deceive. 172. Exercises. I. 1. Tpd(f>co. 2. Ilal&LS. 3. 'Eyco ypdcfxo. 4. Zv irai%ei$. 5. Ov Kpvwroy rrjv ifiijv yvcofitjv. 6. TlXoca l)fie2evatci£ov- (tiv iavTovs. 10. 01 v/iirepoc noiSes tcaXoi elviv. 11. 01 (TTpCLTlOiTCLl TTCLVT^ 7T/90? VflVLem/afou0-w. II. 1. I am reading your bock. 2. Y»»u arc writing a PRONOUNS. 67 letter. 3. Your father is wiser than you. 4. You are taller than your brother. 5. The bad deceive themselves. 6. I am reading your letter to my brother. Lesson XXXI. Pronouns. — Reciprocal — Demonstrative — Relative. 173. The Eeciprocal Pronoun, a\\qXa>v, of one another, of each other, is declined in the following PARADIGM. DUAL. G.&D. Ace. dXXfjXotv dXXrjXaiv dXXr)X(0 dXXrjXa PLTJKAL. dXXrjXoiv dXXrjXco Gen. Dat. Ace. aXXj^XcDj/ aXXj]Xa)!> dXXrjXots dXXrjXais aXXrjXovs aXXj^Xas dXXrjXoiv dXXrjXois aXXrjXa. Demonstrative Pronouns. 174. The principal Demonstrative Pronouns, so called because they point out or specify the objects to which they refer, are 1) The article, 6, ij, to, the. (See 70.) 2) Its compound, 6'Se, fj$e, ToSe, this. 3) Ovtos, avTv, tovto, this. 4) 'Efcelvos, eKeivrjy ticeZvo> that. 5) Avtos, avTT], avTo, self very, he. 68 ETYMOLOGY. 175. Paradigms. — Ovto? — 'Eiceivos. SINGULAR. Nom. OTTOS' avrq TOVTO fKCWOS CKeil'TJ (KflvO Gen. TOVTOV TdVTTjS TOVTOV (KflVOV CKeiVTJS CKflVOV Dat. TOVTCO TdVTT] TOVTCO CKClVCp ckcivt} (KCIVCO Ace. TOVTOV TdVTTJV TOVTO DUAL. CKUVOV (K(IVT}V tKclvO N.&A. TOVTCO (ravTo) TOVTCO eiceivco CKCLVa (KflVCO G.&D. TOVTOIV TdVTdlV TOVTOIV PLURAL. eKfivoiv eKeivdiv CKUVOLV Nom. OVTOl avTai TdVTd (KiivOt CKClVdl (KCr"lVd Gen. TOVTCOV TOVTCOV TOVTCOV CKflVCOV cKeivcov tKf'lVCOV Dat. TOVTOIS TdVTdlS TOVTOIS (KCIVOIS (KClVdlS (KCIVOIS Ace. TOVTOVS TdVTdS TdVTd. fKClVOVS iictivds €K€lVd. Rem. — TdVTd of the Dual is doubtful. 176. r/ 08e is declined like the article. It takes the accent on the penult, the circumflex in the Gen. and Dat., the acute in the other cases. 177. Avtqs is declined like i/eeivos. 178. Ovto? and oSe are often used indiscriminately with the same general force : the former, however, frequently refers to what precedes, and the latter to what follows, e. g. : TavTa Xeyet. TdBe \eyeu lie says this, i. o. as al- ready described. He eayi tkie, ue. as fol- lows. 179. The Demonstrative, when used with substan- tives, is generally accompanied by the article in the order — Demon. Art., JVbun, or Art., Noun^ i eg-: PRONOUNS. 69 05tos6 ZvepcoTros. This man. O CLVOpCDTTOS OVTOS. 180. Avto? may stand 1) Like any other Demonstrative, before the article and noun, or after them both ; in which position it means self, e. g. : Avrbs 6 avdpco7ro$. The man himself, 2) Between the article and the noun ; in which position it means same, e. g. : 'O clvtos avOpcoTTos. The same man. Relative Pronoun. 181. The Eelative Pronoun, o?, r\, o, who, so called because it always relates to some noun or pronoun, expressed or understood, called its antecedent, is de- clined according to the following Paradigm.— O?, tf, 6. SING. DUAL. PLTTEAL. Nora. Off rj o rf rf co a CO rl rf tt ol 01 a Gen. ov hs CO 77 ri T T OLV OLV OLV fav et. | The boy to ho is writing. 70 ETYMOLOGY. Gtypeurr/s, ov, 6, huntsman, hunter. "Os, 77, o, who. Ouros, avrrj, tovto, this. Hapa (prep, with acc), to, into the presence of. UpocjiiXaZ, ukos, 6, guard, ad- vance guard, outpost. 183. VOCABULAEY. 'AAArjA-wv, wv, (ov, one another, each other. Autos, avrrj, avro, self, he, she, it ; 6 olvtos, the same. Ba8t£a), cts, to go, march. BA.a7rra), as, to injure. Ets (prep, with acc), to, into. 'Ekcu/os, rj, o, that, he. 'En'ore, at times, sometimes. 184. Exercises. , 1. 01 7raiS€? iavrovs f3\d7TTOvaiv. 2. 01 iralZes uXkrfKov? ftXaTTTOvariv. 3. Ovtos 6 f3ao~i\ev<; ay ados icrTiv. 4. 'Efcelvos 6 avyp ica/cos iaTiv. 5. Tama av Xeyeis. G. Tavrrjv tijv yvcofMrjv €%co iyco. 7. BaSi^ov- giv eh a\\jJ\ou?. 8. 'Efeetvo &avfid£(o. 0. Ovro? rav- ra \iyei. 10. 01 o-TpaTiwrai ovtol irpos r)iia<; fSkeirov- aiv.' 11. Tavr iarlv (161)'* a iya) ypd(p(i). 12. £aj(ja> tous (f>l\ov$, ovs eyco. 14. 01 irpofyvKatces ayovaiv av- tov irapa top KXiap^ov. 15. Tavra ra Srjpla ol nr* 7ret? iviore 8ic6fcovo~iv. II. 1. This boy is writing a letter. 2. That boy is playing. 3. The boy himself is writing the letter. 4. The same boy is reading his letter to his father. 5. The girls love each other. G. I read all the books which I have. Lesson XXXIII. Pronouns. — TnU rrogatim —Im ' 185. The biterrogatiye rk and the Endefinit arc distinguished from each other by the accent PRONOUNS. INTERROGATIVE INDEFINITE. 71 Tho former lias the acute, which it always retains ; the latter takes the grave, and is an enclitic. (See 15.) 186. Paradig MS, 2Y9- -Th Tis, who ? T'.i j some one. 8INGULAE. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. TIS TIVOS rivi riva ri rivos rivi ri ns rivos rivi riva ri rivos rivi ri DUAL. N. & A. g:&d. rive r'lVOlV rive rivoiv rive rivoiv rive rivoiv PLUEAL. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. rives rivcov riai(v) rivas riva rivcov riei. 8. "Eartv avOpcoTro? rt? iv ra> 7rapa8eia(p. 9. TV tceXevco ; 10. "Ecrnv ovtos rk ; 11. To poBov b QdWei iv rat ktJttg), kclKov i//■// 191. Greek verbs have Voice, Mood, Tense, Num- ber, and Person. I. Voices. 192. There arc three voices: 1) The Active ; which in transitive verbs rep- resents the agent aa acting upon some ob- ject, e. g. : 1 E(TTe i" advise. ftovXevco I may ad- vise. {3ov\cvoifii May I ad- vise. fiovXcve Advise. fiovXevetv To advise. Povfevav Advising. (ftovkcvov I was ad- vising. fiovXfixra) I shall ad- vise. ftovkeiKToi- I would advise. To be about to advise. j3ov\ci)(TG)V About to advise. e(3ov\evcra I advised. (Bovkevcra) / may ad- vise. (3ov\cvaai- fXl I might advise. ftov'kevo-ov Advise. /3ouXewat To advise. (3ov\cvaas Having advised. 1 0) - j3e/3oi'Xev- kcz I have ad- vised. K(0 Imayhave advised. (3e(3ov\ev- KOlfJ.1 I might have ad- vised. /3e/3ovXcv- Ktvai To have advised. /3e/3ovX€u- KOOS ; Having advised. s eftefiovXev- Keiu I had ad- vised. Lessor XXXV. Verbs. — Bovkevco — Active Voice. 199. The inflection of the Active Voice of a regu- lar Greek verb is given in the following 76 Paradigm of BovXcvcj — TENSES. . INDICATIVE. SUBJUNCTIVE. S. 1. (JovXevio (dovXcva) 2. fiovXtvus ftovXevys 3. fiovXevci (BovXfVT) D.2. fiovXcVCTOU (3ovX(VT)TOV Present. 3. (3ovXcv€tov fiovXevrjTOV P.l. (3ovXcvofiev (BovXciHOfifV 2. ftovXci)€T€ fiovXcvrjTe 3. ftovXevovat(i>) fiovXev(0Xevare(v) Inflect MM Subj. D. 2. fftovXcvaciTOv Pres. Aorist. 3. (ftovXeva&Twv P.l. eftovXcvaaiie)/ 2. eftovXevadre cfiovXevcrav 3. U. 1. fiefiovXcvKd fifftovXfVKCJ 2. fifftovXevicas (i(fiovX(VKT]S 3. fiefiovXevKe^v) like tiubj. jFVw. Perfect. . D. 2. 3. ficfiovXfVKUTOV (icfiovXcvKuTov P. 1. IJffiovXfVKafJifV 2. fiffiovXcVK&TC i 3. fiefiovX t VKO (T t ( V ) 8.1. UtvXfVKdV 2. tfyfiovXfVKftS 3. JilvXci'KU D. 2. ffiffiovXfVKUTOV Pluperf. 3. (fif&OvXfVKfiTTJU P. 1. (fi(ftovXfVK€lH(V 2. !nvX(VK(lT( 3. \ ■' ifftovXtvKfaau ( (t3([-iovX€VK(l(T(li: Active Voice. 77 OPTATIVE. IMPERATIVE. INFINITIVE. PARTICIPLE. BovXfvotfxi BovXevois BovXevoi fiovXevoirop fiovXevoiTTjv BovXtvoi/xev ffovXcvoire 8ovX(VOl€U j BovXeve 3ovXeveT(o BovXeverov BovXeverau 3ovXei)CTe BovXeveraxrau BovXfVOVTObV ftovXevttv BovXflKOV, M. BovXevovaa, F. BovXevov, If. BovXcvaoifXL BovXevaois Inflect UJce Opt. Pres. BovX€V(T€lV 3ovXfva, If. BovXeixraifii BovXeixrais, or aeias /3ouXcucratj aeif(v) ;3ovXei>(ratTov BovXevaaiTrju 3ovX€V(raifi€v BovXeva-aire 3ovXev(ra.i€i>, aeiav < BovXcvaov BovXcvcrdTa BovXcVOruTOP BovXeva&Tav 8ovXfvcrC.T€ BovXevcraraivav BovXevcrdiTau liuvXevaai BovXevaas, M. BovXexxrdcra, F. {3ovXcv) If. 8e[3ovXevK.oifxi. BeBovXevKois like Opt. Pres. l3€J3ovX(VK€vai j3f(3ovXevKa>s, M. BeBovXcvKvla, F BeBovXevKos, If. 7 b ETYMOLOGY. 200. Accentuation. — The primary law for acccntu ation in Greek verbs places the accent, 1) In words of two syllables, on the first, e. g.* ypdcfxo, I write. 2) In words of more than two syllables, on tho penult, if the ultimate is long ; otherwise* on the antepenult, e. g. : fiovkeva, I advise ; ifiovkevov, I was advising. Rem. 1. — The exceptions to this primary law will be readily learned from the Paradigm itself. Rem. 2. — The endings at and oi, except in the Optative, are re- garded as short in accentuation ; hence ^owXeuerai with accent on the antepenult. Rem. 3. — In regard to the character of the accent, the pupil will observe that the accent of the antepenult is always the acute, while that of the penult is the circumflex, if the penult is long by nature and the ultimate short, otherwise tho acute. (See 10, 11, 12.) Lesson XXXVI. Verbs. — BovXevco — Active Voice, continued, 201. Participles are declined like adjectives. In Active Participles tho feminine is of the first declen- sion, and the masculine and neuter of tho third. VEKB8. ACTIVE VOICE. 79 202. Paradigms. 1. Present Participle, BovXeucoi/, advising. SINGULAR. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. M. fiovXevcov fiovXevovTos fiovXcvovTi fiovXevovra fiovXevcov F. fiovXevovad (3ovXevovar)s fiovXcvovaT] fiovXevovo-av /3ovXevoucra DUAL. N. fiovXcvov (BovXevovros (3ovXevovri fiovXevov fiovXevov N. &A. G. &D. (3ovX€VOVT€ fiovXevovroiv (iovXevovad fiovXevovo-aiv PLURAL. fiovXevovre fiovXevovroiv Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. ftovXevovres (3ovXev6vTo>v (5ovXcvov(Ti(v) fiovXevovras fiovXevovres fiovXevovcrat j3ovXevovaeov fiovXevovarais fiovXevovaras (3ovXevovv /3ouXeuovcrt(j>) fiovXevcvra fiovXcvovra. 2. Aorist Participle, BovXevo-as, having advised. SINGULAR. ♦Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. (BovXevaras (SovXcixravros (3ovXevs, having adcised. t mrcHJLAB. M. F. N. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. /3f ftovXfVKUS ftffiovXcVKOTOS /3f/3ovXfVKori ficfiovXevicoTa /3e/3ovXevKcos /3f/3ovXeuKiuci (3e{3ovXfvicvids (3c(SovXcvKvla fieftovXevKvlap /3e/3ovX€VKvia DUAL. $f$ovXei/KO$ /3f/3ouXei>K(jroy /3ej3ovXfVKOTt /3f/3ovXevKos /3e/3ovXeu*cds N. A.V G. &D. . (3e(3ovXevKoT€ /3e/3ovXfUKoroiv fteftovXcvKvid /3e/3ouXeuKvtatv PLUEAL. fifftovXevKorc (HffiovXtVKOTOlV Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. ftefiovXevKores fiefiovXfVKOTCOV /3e/3ovX€UKoo-t(v) ftefiovXevKoras /3f/3ouXeu*cores /3fj3ovXewvicu (3(j3ovXcvKvia>v (3(j3ovXcvKvlais fiefiovXcvKvlds ficftovXcvKvicu /3f/3ovXfv (3cftovXcvK6ai(v) /3e/3ovXfVKora /3fj3ovXeu/cdTa. 4. Tlie Future Participle, BovXcto-av, is declined like the Present. Lesson XXXVII. Verbs. — Active Voice. — J. 203. Participles, like adjectives, agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case. 204. The Participle is used much more freely in Greek than in English. With the article it often baa the force Of a relative elftQSe with its antecedent, and sometimes is hest rendered by the noun itself, e.g. : The (me who is rulimj. f O /3a. 10. '.ESouXeveTe. 11. 'EfiaaiXevov. 12. 'EPeftovXev/ceiTov. 13. 'E/3e/3ou- \6VK€LT7]v. 14. 'EOrjpevaas. 15. 'EdTjpevaafiev. 10. ^Edrjpeva-av. IT. BacrCkevarj^. 18. BacriXevcrcufit. 19. BaaCkevaaire. 20. Qi]p€V(rov. 21. QrjpevcraTe. 22. Sripevaco. 23. Orjpeva-ere. 24. BovXevaoific. 25. Bou- \evcroi. 26. 'O fiaaiXevcDV Srjpevet,. 27. f O fiacrCkev- cra? fiovkevo-ei. 28. Kvpos ay pea Srjpla e&rjpevev. II. 1. He is king. 2. They are kings. 3. Be kings. 4. Let them be kings. 5. You were hunting. 6. "We were hunting. 7„ I shall advise. 8. They will ad- vise. 9. You were serving. 10. He served. 11. They served. Lesson XXXVIII. Ptfrfo. — Bovkeva — Middle Voice. 207. The inflection of the Middle Voice is given in the following 8i4 Paradigm of Bovkeva — TENSES. INDICATIVE. SUBJUNCTIVE. & i. fiuvAevofxai fiov\(va>nui 2. fiovKevT], or €( fiovXevT) 3. fiov\fverai fiovAeuiiTai D. 1. Pov\fv6fMc&oy fiouAfvwuc&ov Present. 2. fSovKevcadov fiovAcinicjfrov 3. &ov\cveu) 2>/i(v Perfect. 2. Pt&ovKfvaSov ficfiov\fvfjifvti> %TOV 3. fitfiovKcva&ov 0(&ovA(Vfifvoe %tov P. 1. fitfiov\cvntda fi($OV\(VfltVOl SlfJifV 2. &€fiov\fv(Tl(v') S. 1. 4fitfiov\(vfxT]y a. i$tf}ovhfitda '-'. 4&tfiovAtv(Tai(T&ov fiovXevcraia&rjv fiovXevo-al/x&u fiovXev(rai(T&e fiovXevcrcuvTo •] fiovXevffai fiovXevada&eo fiovXevtTaa&ov fiovXeucrdaduiv fiovXeixracribe (HovXevadaSwcrav fiovXevadoSccv fiovXcv- eti)iiev fiefiovXevfxeva} tKt)Tov fSzfiovXiVlXGVW CtTJTTJJ' fiefiovXev/Aevot efyfiep /SejSouAeu/ieVot efyre /JejSoi/AevjueVoi efy&av ■] &6fiovXev, are declined as adjectives of the First and Second Declensions, as, fiovkevopevos, rj, ov, Gen. fiovXevofiivov, rjs, ov. 209. Vocabulary. BovXcv'w, as, to advise, Mid. deliberate. BpaSeuiSt slowly, deliberately. A0OA.0?, ov, o, servant, slave. Aovod, «s, to wash, Mid. to wash one'' s self, to lathe. MfTa (prep, with gen.), with t in company with. IlttiScva), «s, to educate, Mid. cause to be educated, to have educated. Ilavw, cts, to cause to cease, Mid. to cease, to stop one's . self. Ilcpt (prep, with yen.), in re- gard to, concerning, about. IIoAc/xos, ov, 6, war. 210. ! 1. Tbv fiacrtXia /3ov\ev. oi VERBS. PASSIVE VOICE. 85 Bov\oc iXovcravTO. 6. ? 8ov\o$ iXovararo. 7. r O /3a- atXevs tqv irokefxov eiravaev. 8. c O fiaaiXevs lirav- aaro. 9. Tbv ir6\efiov iTravaare. 10. UavaacrOe. 11. 'O 7ra,T7)p tou? 7ratSa? eira&evaev. 12. f O irarrjp tovs 7rat8a? eirathevaaTO. 13. Ot iroXiraL tov$ Tralhas 7rai$evl\(OV (131). 17. Avrol irepl elprjvrjs iftovKeveaOe. II. 1. I sliall advise my brother. 2. I shall deliber- ate in regard to the letter. 3. You are educating your pupils well. 4. I shall have my boy well edu- cated. 5. The Athenians themselves deliberated in regard to the war. 6. You have all deliberated well in regard to the city. Lesson XL. Verbs. — Passive Voice. 211. The Passive Verb in its inflection differs from the Middle only in the Future and Aorist tenses. The forms therefore which have been given in the Para- digm of the Middle (207) for the other tenses belong also to the Passive. The difference of inflection be- tween these two voices will be readily seen in the following 80 ETYMOLOGY. Paradigm of BovXevco — Present, Imperfect, Perfect, Pluperfect, and TENSES. INDICATIVE. SUBJUNCTIVE. Present. S. 1. ffovXtVOfMll /3oi/AeuG>/xai Iraperf. S. 1. cfiovXevonrjv Perfect. S. 1. fit fiovXev fiat fieftovXcvfxePos a> Pluperf. ELL f^e^ovXevfiTju Aorist. S. 1. 2. 3. D. 2. 3. D. 1. 2. 3. (j3ovXci&r)v cftovXcvdrjs cfiovXeiQrj ffiovXevdrjTOV €J3ovXcv8r'iTr)V ef3ovXeidr]iJL€V cfiovXei/6r)T€ (fiovXeiQrjcrav j3ovXcv6ci> (3ovX(V&i}s ftovX(V&r} ftovXevdqrou /SouXev^roJ/ (3ovXfv6u>nei> (SovXcv6rjT€ (3ovXcv6ci(Tt(v) Future. S. 1. 2. 3. D.l. 2. 3. P. 1. 2. 3. (3ovXev6t')crofiai fiovXcvQqarr) OV (I fiovXfv&i'jcrfrai fiovXev6r)cr6}JL{dov ftovXevd>)6']" fiovX(vbi) (3ovXevQr]Ti (3ovX€v&qTG> fiovXev&rjTov (3ovXevQi)TV /SovXev^ft'tratf fiovXev&eio-as fiovXevtiflo-m fiovXevbivra fiovXcvdevrav $ovXcvbii< 1) The manner or means of an action, and the instrument employed, are ed by the Dative, e. g. : TvMirarrairpaTTeti. ( . /ir 2) The agent of an action after wrbs is VERBS. PASSIVE VOICE. EXERCISES. 89 expressed by a Genitive with biro or some kindred preposition, e. g. : I was taught hy my coun- try. cafe, bring up, Pass, to le educated. 2arupo9, ov, 6, a Satyr, com- panion of Bacchus — Sile- nus is meant. (See Gr. Eng. Vocab.) Sw (prep, with dat.), with. Qovevai, €t5, to slay, kill, mur- der, Pass, le killed. 'ETTcuhevOriv virb tt}? ifiijs TTdTpiSos. 214. YoCABULARY. *A[3ov\o, tfiovXevov. 2) Temporal (from tempus, time) used in verbs ■inning with vowels, so called because it merely lengthens the quantify or time (tempus) of the vowel, if short: a nude Into y; o into co\ X into *; into dj as, uyco, rjyov ; iKereva), ifcerevov. 218. Verbs beginning with the dipththongs, at, AUGMENT AND REDUPLICATION. 91 oi, av, lengthen the first vowel as above, subscribing the i, as, olktl^o), Imp. cokti&v ; those beginning with ev sometimes lengthen the first vowel and sometimes omit the Augment ; those beginning with v, T, v, co, ei, ov, admit no Augment. 219. The Reduplication is used only in verbs which begin with a single consonant or with a mute and a liquid. Other verbs take only the Augment instead, the temporal if they begin with vowels, other- wise the syllabic/ as, ifcerevco, Perf. ^fcerevKa; fjbvrjfio- vevco, Perf. ijuvvfiovevfca (not fjbefivrjfjiovevKa). When the Augment thus takes the place of the Reduplica- tion, it is retained like that in all the moods and in the participle. 220. In verbs compounded with a preposition, 1) The final vowel of the preposition, except irepC and irpo, is elided ; as, viraKovco, com- pounded of v7t6 and ci/covco, to listen. 2) After such elision the smooth mutes it and r of the preposition are changed to the cor- responding rough mutes and #, when the simple verb has the rough breathing ; e. g. d(j)opfjLL^co (to mark out), comp. of anrb and opfii^co, final dropped and ir changed to

, e-jBovKev-o^v. II. From the Future Active may be formed the Future Middle, by changing aco into g-o/jlcu, e. g. : fiovkev-aco, ^ovXev-aofiai. III. From the Aorist Active may be formed the Aorist Middle, by changing and pre- fixing the Augment j e. g. : /3€/3ov\ev-/ca, i-/3e(3ov\ev- icecv. V. From the Perfect Middle and Passive may be formed, 1) The Pluperfect Mid. and Pass, by changing /£ and vco lengthen the final vowel of the root in all the tenses except the present and imperfect, e. g. : tccoXvco, to hinder, Fut. kcoXvg-co, Perf. K€K(b\VKa, &Q. 04 ETYMOLOGY Lesson XLIII. Verbs. — Exercises. 226. VOCABULAEY * *A\r)6evw, (tco, to speak the truth, Pass, to come true, he ful- filled, 'ApicrTcvu), (no, to he best, bravest. Bap/3apos, ov, 6, barbarian, ap- plied to all who were not Greeks. Bios, ov, 6, life, period of life. Aapctog, ov, 6, Darius, king of Persia. AvvaoTtvu), o-w, to have power, or supremacy. 'Ikctcvw, am, to beseech, suj)- plicate. Avco, Avcrto, eXvcm, XeXv/ca, Xe- Av/xai, ZXvdrjv, to break, to violate. ^vyyvdifx-q, 77s, 17, pardon, favor. Sv/x/SovXcvo) (o-vV, tt'/V//, and fiovXtvu)), era) (220), fo rt(?- tv'stf w;?'^, to deliberate with. TeXevrv;, rjs, rj, end. € Y7T07rT€V(i) (v7TO and 07TT€rO)), (TO), Imp. vTrwTrrevov, Aor. v7rurnT€vcra, to suspect, to an- ticipate, expect. &i\oia, a?, r/, philosophy, love of ivisdom. 227. Exercises. 2. 'AXijdevaov. 0. '^4\^ 5. f O <; : 'AOtjvcllovs eiraihevo-ev. II. 1. He is supplicating the king. 2. The boys were supplicating their father. 3. Let us supplicate the judge. 4. The enemy have broken the truce. Lesson XLIV. Impure Verbs. — Mute Verbs. 228. The last letter of the root or stem, found by dropping g> in Pres. Ind. Act., is called the Verb-char- acteristic. 229. Yerbs are divided into Pure and Impure ac- cording as the verb-characteristic is a vowel or conso- nant : ftovXevco is therefore a pure verb. 230. Impure verbs are subdivided into 1) Mute verbs, whose characteristic is one of the nine mutes, as, ayco, Head. 2) Liquid verbs, whose characteristic is a liquid, as, dyyeWco, I send. 231. Mute verbs again arrange themselves in three classes, according as the characteristic is 1) A Pi-mute — tt, /3, <£, as, ypdcjxo, I write. 2) A Kappa-mute — k, y, %, as, aya, I lead. 3) A Tau-mute — t, B, $, as, ^frevBco, I deceive. Rem. — The characteristic is sometimes strengthened in the present : thus the Pi-mute becomes ttt ', the Kappa- mute, arcr, tt, or Cj the Tau-mute, £. 232. In the Paradigm of fiovkevo), the Perfect Act. 96 ETYMOLOGY. ends in tea. This is the common ending, except in Mute Yerbs of the Pi and Kappa classes, which take a instead of tea. In these verbs the Pluperf. Act. is formed by changing a into eiv and prefixing the Aug- ment. See 224, IV. 233. Yerbs with a Pi-mute characteristic suffer the following Euphonic Changes. 1) Before cr in the endings, the characteristic coalesces with it and forms i|r ; as, rpifico {I rub) ; Put. (rpificrco) rptyco. 2) Before fi it is assimilated ; as, rpifico, Perf. Pass, (rerpifi/iai) rerpifi/iai. 3) Before # and also in Perf. and Plup. Act. it becomes the aspirate ; as, rpifico, Aor. Pass. (irplfidnv) €Tpi(j)^7jVy Perf. Act. (re- rpifi-a) rerplcpa. 4) Before the smooth mute r it becomes itself the smooth mute 7r; as, rpifico, l\rf. Pass. Third Person (rirpifirai) rirpnrrai. 234. Some verbs take a shortened form in the Perfect, Pluperfect, Aorist, and Future tenses, which is distinguished from the more common form as the Second Perfect, Second Pluperfect, &c The pupil, however, must not suppose that the First and Second Perfects arc two distinct tenses: they are but differ- ent forms of the same tense; so too with the 1st ami 2d Pluperfect, 1st and I'd Aorist, 1st and 2d Future. IMPURE VERBS. MUTE TERES. 97 235 . Synopsis. — rpdcfrco, I write. ACTIVE VOICE. INDICATIVE. SUBJUXCT. OPTATIVE. IMPERATIVE. INFINITIVE. PAKTIC. Pres. ypd(pa> ypdcpco ypdcpoipi ypd(pe ypdpai ypacfioi- prjv ypdcpov ypdcpecr'Sa.i ypacpope- VOi. Imp. eypa(p6pr]v Fut. I. ypqyjsopai ypa^rol- firjv ypd-^re- cr3ai ypayjrope- vos Aor. I. £ypay\rapr]V ypd\j/Q}- ypafyai- ypd^ai ypd\jra- ypa.y\rdp€- pai prjv a%ai POS Perf. 1. yeypappai yeypappe- yeypappe. yeypd(p%ai yeypappi- • VOS 0) vos eirjv vos 2. ytypa^ai yeypayjfo 3. ytypcmrai yeypdffiio D. 1. yeypa/i/neSor 2. yiypacp'iov yiyparfftov 3. yiypacp^ou yeypd, i//a, a, fifiai, , xpo), xf/a, T£0au/x,ai (230), 238. Exercises. 2 A. Pass. €Tr)v, to bury, inter. KXeiu), o-co, cr/xai, aQrjv, io shut. MaKeSon'a, as, t;, Maeedonia, country north of Greece proper. NcK-pos, ov, 6, €(>■ ' hody. IIvAt;, 779, ■>/> // ^Toarevo), aw (210), to make an expedition. <, as, tJ, Troy, celeb r fit y iu Asia Minor. 1 . Tavra yiypaa. 2. r H Koprj ra? eV^o-ToXA? eV~ IMPURE VERBS. MUTE VERBS. 99 rypdcpei. 3. Tovto to yfrrffao-fjia Ev/3ov\o$ eypayfrev. 4. Tbv vo/jlov tovtov 7) irokis yiypafev. 5. Tovs ve/cpov TT > an d sometimes f — suffer the following Euphonic Changes. 1) "With cr the characteristic forms f ; as, irXeKco, I weave ; Fut. {irXeKaoy) ifXe^w. 2) Before /j, it becomes 7 ; as, 7t\6kco ; Perf. Pass. {ireifKeKiiaC) nreifkey fiat. 3) Before 3- and also in the Perf. and Plup. Act. it is changed to the corresponding aspirate X ; as, 7t\6kco ; Aor. Pass. {iifXeKdrjv) eVXe- X^V V j Perf. Act. {ireirXeK-a) 7re7r\e^a. 4) Before the smooth mute r, it becomes itself smooth; as, \eyco y I say ; Perf. Pass. (\e XeyTcu) XiXefcrat,. 100 ETYMOLOGY. 240. Synopsis. — ITX e/cco, I weave. ACTIVE VOICE. INDICATIVE. SUBJUXCT. OPTATIVE. IMPER. INFIX. PART. Pres. nXeKQ) ttXcko) TrXtKotfit irXtKe nXtKeiv nXtKojv Trap. enXfKov Fut. 7rXe£a> nXt^oifxi nXt^fiv nXt£a>v Aor. e7r\e£a 7rXe'£a) TrXf^aifii 7rXt£op nX(£ai nXf£as Perf. neTr\ex a 7r67rXe'^co irenXexoi- TrenXex*- vai rre7iXf^&)$' Plup. €7rcir\ex €tv MIDDLE. Pres. nXiKOfxai TtX(KO)[XCII nXeKoi/irji ttXckov -XeKea^ai 7rXcy P. 1. /7f7rX«-y/^€3a 2. ;rcVXf^3f f 7rt7rXf^3e 7rf7rX€- :;. narXeyfxevoL { X^coarav ttcttXc- Plup.l. tT,€7T\typrjv PL 8. nenXfyftfvot 1)iT(lV F. Perf 7re7rX<'£o/xai TT(nX(£oi- TrtnXi£(- a3ai ntnXfgu- Aor. I. (TtX*\ n\(X- : nXix%°> nXtx^*' 1 }*' nktx^sijvat nXtx$*is Fut. 1. nX nX(iK(ii]v wXaKTj'St \ nX ylrevdoifii x/z-eCSe y^evdeiv yjfevdajv fmp. tyevdov Fut. \jsev(T(o x/z-euo-ot/u \jsevcreiv \j/evira)v A or. eyjfevcra \jf€V(TC0 y^evaaiyn \jreva-op \jfev(rai ^evaa* Perf. eyjfevKa fyeVKGi €\j/€VKOlfJLL eyjfevicevat. (\lr€VKQ)S Plup. fyevKfiv MIDDLE. Pres. \jrfvdofxaL xj/evdoifxai yj/evdol- \j/evdov ^eii8eo"3at VOi Imp. eyjsevdufirju Fut. I. ^revaofiai, \jrevaol- flTJV yj/ei/aea'Sai vos Act. I. iylrevo-ufXTjv yfrevatonai \jrevaai- fap> xj^eva-ai v/^evo-ao-Sai POS Perf. 1. c^eva/iai ixjscvo-ixe- VOS Si vos cirjv «^eG(r3at vos 2. eyj/evaai tyevcro 3. fyevarai «\^€vo-3a> D. 1. cyjfevo-fJie'Sov 2. e\// , ev(73oi> tycva'iov 3. CyffCVoSoV tyeva'Saiv P. 1. 6\// evo-fi&a 2. tyeva'Se ex/rcvcrSe 3. i to pursue. 'EyKto/Aia£a), aero), iveKOifxidcra, Ka, a fiat, A. Pass. eve/cayiia- aOrjv, to praise, extol. 'ETrtr^Setos, d, ov, necessary, useful. 244. Exercises. ©av/x,a£a), daoi, or acro/xat, da a, T€^av/xaKa, crfiat, crO-qv (23C), to wonder at, admire. ~Ka.Ta(TKevd£ ) TTOklV favyOVGCV. 2. JEfc? t^i/ ttoXlv fevryofiev. 3. Tou? cvyaOovs iy/ccofud&fAev. 4. UaiZevere tow? iratBa^. 5. Ot *A6r)valot Tpufjpeis KareaKevdaavro. 6. r, OpL7]po$ rbv 'Ayafiifivova iveica- ILiaaev. 7. Ot "EWrjves tov? ftapftdpovs iSlco/cov. 8. Oi fidpfiapot iBuo^Orjaav. 9. Ot 'AOrjvaiot Savfid- ^ovrai. 10. C H itoXl^ Qav/JLao-dijo-ercu. 11. 'O 7rat? Toy 7rarepa etyevicev. 12. 'Eyco avrovs &a>fft>. 13. 'HBovrjv (pevyere. 14. Ot o-rpaTCcorat rffopafyv to, ein- TrjSeia. II. 1. The general deceived his soldiers. 2. The sol- diers were deceived. 3. What are you purchasing? 104 ETYMOLOGY. 4. All will admire your letter. 5. I am reading the letter to your brother. Lesson XLIX. Impure Verbs. — Liquid Verbs. 245. Liquid Yerbs are so called because their characteristic is one of the four liquids — X, /-t, v, p. 246. Many liquid verbs, like some mute verbs (231, Kem.), have in the Present a strengthened form of the root. In such cases the true root may be ob- tained by shortening the root of the Present : 1) By dropping the last consonant, as, re/xi/o), 1 cut / refiv : root, tcjj, (v dropped) ; dyyiXkco, 1 send f ayyeW : root, ayYeX. 2) By shortening the radical vowel or diph- thong, as, (palvco, I show ; acv : root, av ; KretvG), I slay ; ktclv'. root, rerev. 247. Liquid verbs present the following peculi- arities in tense formation : 1) They form the Future Act. and Mid. by ad- ding eco C on tra cte d into cw, and eofiai tracted into oOfiai, to the true root) I uyyeXXxo, 1st ml; i uyyeXco ', Fut. Mid. ayyeXovficu. 2) They form Aor. Act. and Mid. without £ Plup. rjyyeXKeiv MIDDLE. Prcs. " Impf. Fut. 1. dyyeXXofiai r)yyeXX6(xr]v dyyeXovfiai dyyeX- Xco fiat dyyeXXoL/JLT]v dyyeXoi[xr)i> dyyeXXov dyyeXXc- dyyeXd- dyyeXXd/ue- vos dyyeXov/ze- vos 2. 3. D. 1. dyyeXrj, el dyyeXeirat dyyeXou/xe- Zov dyyeXoto dyyeXotro dyyeXoi/xe- 3ov 2 3 '" P.l. 2. 3. Aor. I. dyyeXeicr3oi> dyyeXeicr3oi> dyyeXov/xe3a dyyeXeicr3e dyyeXovvrai r]yyeiXdiJ.r]v dyyeiXoo- /jcil dyyeXoia'Sov dyyeXoio-'Srjv dyyeXoifxe'Sa dyyeXcucrSe dyyeXotvTO ayyeiXalfJLrjv ayyeiXai dyyeiXa- rrSat dyyeiXd/xe- uos 106 ETYMOLOGY. Paradigm of 'AyyiWco, continued. Root of Present, dyyeXX. True Root. dyyeX. MIDDLE. INDICATIVE. SUBJ. OPTATIVE. IMPEIt. PARTICIPLE. Aor.II. T]Yy(\6fir)v dyye'Ao)- fiai dyyeXoifirjv dyycXov (iyyeXe- crScu dyycXofievo? Perf. 1. rfyyeXpai VOS CO TjyyeXpevos etrjv qyyiXSai fjyytXfiiPos 2. rjyyeXcrai rjyyeXao 3. ijyyiXrai ^yye'XSco D. 1. r}yye\[i.e%ov 2. fjyyiXJiov rJyyeX^ov 3. P. 1. rjyyiX'Sov riyytXfi&a fjyyeX^w 2. fjyyeXSe fjyyeX%€ 3. rjyyeXfiepoi fitri'(j/) \ ;7yy«X3a)- aav I TjyytX'icov Plup. 1. rjyyeX/xrjv PI. 3. ^yyeX/xeW rja-av PASSIVE. Aor. I. r)yye\%r)v dyyeXSco dyyfk'Hiirjv dyytX^rjTi dyyeXSi}- dyycXScis Fut. I. dy/eX^r)(ro- uyyeXStycroi- dyyeX%r)- dyytX^rjao- fUU Hrji aiW, to show. Perf. II. and Plup. II. to appear. Root of Present, <$aiv. True Root, (pay. ACTIVE VOICE. INDICATIVE. SUBJ. OPTATIVE. IMPERATIVE. INFIN. | PART. PresT cpaiv(o u Imp. € Fut. (fiava) (pavoilfxi (paveiv (f)av£)v Aor. I. ecfirjva r)vai (firjvas Per. II. 7recf)r]va 7re(f)T]va> TT€(j)T]VOllJ.l 7re(f)r)vevai 7T€(f)r)va>s Pip. II. f7T((pT]V(lU Middle. (To appear.) Pres. (fiaivofxai tpaivcofiai (paivoijxriv (paivov fpaivea^iai (fiaLvofie- Imp. e(fjaiv6fX7]y VOi Fut. (fiavovfiai (^avoifirjv acrfi€- vos ei'jp ne^dv^ai TT€(f)acrne- vos 2. iretfiava-ai necfiavcro 3. nefyavrai 7re0az/3a) D. 1. TT€(f)dcr[Jit'^DV 2. 7recj)av^ov nifyavSov 3. TT€(jiaV%OV Trecfidv^cov P. 1. ire(pa(rii&a 2. 7re(j)av?5€ 7reav%€ 3.' Tre(f)aaiievoi { 7re0ai/3cocrai cl(ri(v) Trecfidi/^cov Plup.l. eVe0acr fit] v 2. €7T€ (fxa/Strftroi- cf)ClV€lT]U (f)avr)av?irjvai (faavTJvai 70"d- flfVOS (fxivcis (f>avr), r/yapa, rrytpSyv, to bring together, to collect. 'Avapi$nr)Tos, ov, countless, im- mense. Kaipo's, ov, 6, fit time, oppor- tune g. 251. Exi M«>a>, vw, tfxewa, fxefxivqKa, to remain, tea it for, await. NiKiy, 7/5, i), victorg. p.£pip)]v yvcofirjv reSau- CONTRACT VERBS. 109 fid/cat. 10. 01 "EWrjves efievov. 11. 01 aXkoi e$€u- yov. 12. Tavra ol crrpaTTjyol Kvpa> tfyyeWov. II. 1. I announce this to you. 2. Your father an- nounced it to me. 3. This will be announced to the king. 4. The king of the Persians pitied his soldiers. Lesson LI. Contract Verbs. — Class I. — Verbs in dm. 252. Pure verbs with the characteristic a, e, or o, suffer contraction in the Present and Imperfect tenses. They are divided into three classes, according as the characteristic is a, e, or o. 253. The tenses are formed in the manner already described (223 and 224), but the short characteristic vowel of the Present and Imperfect is generally lengthened in the other tenses — a and e into tj and o into co : thus the Futures Act. of rifMaco, L\ico, and fiLcr&ocD, are rifiy-aco, cjiiXtf-crQ), and fjua&cb-crco. Rem. — Verbs in iat and va> do not suffer contraction, but they lengthen the characteristic in all the tenses except the Present and Imperfect, e. g. : (j.r)vi(o, /xjji/ura), to be angry ; ko)\vo>, Ka>Xvaa> } to hinder (225). 254. Contractions in Yerbs in da. 1) The characteristic a uniting with any o-sound produces a>, or, if an i occurs in the first syllable of the ending, », e. g. : Ti/idco= Tl/JLCO', T(,fJLaOl7]V=Tlfiq)r)V. 2) In other cases the result of contraction is a, or, if an i occurs, a, e.g.: TLfjLae=Tifia\ TtfldeiS = TlfJLGLS. 6 no ETYMOLOGY. 255. Paradigm. — Tifida, I honor : Root, Tifia. PRESENT. Indicative. ACTnE ' PASSIVE AND MIDDLE. S. 1. Tlfidoa Tt/XO) Tt/xdo/xat Tifioofxai 2. Tifideis Ti/JLas Tifxarj Ttfxa 3. Tipdct Tt/na ri/xderai Ti/xdrat D. 1. Tt/xad/xe3oi/ Tl/xd>/Xf3oi> 2. Tipderov rifiarov rifxdco-^ov Tt/xao"3ow 3. TlfiaCTOV Tifxarov rifxdeaSov Tttiao-Sow P. 1. TlfJLaOfi€V TlflCOflfV Ti/xad/xtSa TtLtd>tt(3a 2. rt/xdere rifxare Tt/xdfo-Se TtfiaaSe 3. Tifidovcn^v) TlflSxTl^v) TijidovTai TipuiVTCU Subjunctive. S. 1. TlflUOi TlflS) Ti/xdca/xai Ti/xw/xat 2. Tip.drjs Tifias rtft&g rttia 3. Tlfidrj Tipa Tt/xdiyrat Tt/xarai D. 1. Tt/xad>/if3oi/ Tt/xd>Xie3(W 2. TifidrjTOV rifiarop ri/xd 77 a-Soi* Tt/xdcr3oJ> 3. Tifidrjrov TifMarov TifidTjoSov Tt/xao-3oi/ P. 1. Tifxdcofiev Tipeiificv Tt/xad>/xe3a T(/xd>/xf3a 2. rifi.dr]T€ Ttfidre TifJ.dT)/xi TifM-uotrju^ -arjv Tip&oipr)P TifuayLT)v 2. Tt/x-doir, -7 Tifxdotro Tlfi(OTO D. 1. Tifxaoin&ov rt/x aJ/i«3oj/ 2. TlfX-aOlTOV, -(OTOV rifi-aoir)TOP, -arjTov TifidotaSov rt/io>a-3ov 3. Tiix-aolrT)U, -tprrjv Tlfl-aOlTJTT]V, -G>T)Tr)V TijjLaotaZrju r(/xa>o-3i;v P. 1. Ti^.-doiyL€V, -tO}X(V rifi-aoirjfiev, •tarjfifv ri/xaoi/xf3a rt/xa>/uc3a 2. Ti/i-uoirf,-cprf Tifi-ao(^rf, r(/xdoio-3r ri/x waSe - V T)T€ 3. rt/i-dotei/j-wcv Tt/xdoilTO ft/XMl'TO Imperative. S.2. Ttfuic Tt/id Ti/x 3. TipaiTUi TltiUTO) rt/KiccrSb) Tt/xdor3o) D. 2. TlfldfTOV Tiiuirov n/xdfO"3oi/ Tt/xaa'Soi/ 3. Tl/Ml€T(i>V rt/xdrui/ •n/x(u'i/ Tiitdo-acov P. 2. TtfUXtTf rt/xurc n/uffOftf rl> ( ri/xcie o-3 S TifidaZaxrav ) Tlnd(T%OiU CONTRACT VERBS. Ill Paeadigm of Tifu,da>, continued. PRESENT. T ACTIVE. Infinitive. PASSIVE AND MIDDLE. Tipaeiv Ttfiav Ti/xaeaSat Ti}Jiao-?Scu Participle. Nom.M. Tifxaaiv TlflWP Tifj-aofiepos TlH&fXCPOS F. Ttfidovcra TifiSxra rifiaofxepT] TtflCOfieVT) N. Gen. Tipdov TlflaOPTOS rtfxaovcrrjs Tifia>u TlflCOVTOS Tifidxnjs^ &C. Tijia6[i€POP TifxafxepoP) &C. Indicative. LMPERFEC r. S. 1. iriyLaov irifiav €Tlfla6jlT]P €Tl[lS>tiT]P 2. erifiaes tTifJLas ertfidov fTlflO) 3. D.l. 2. 3. P. 1. 2. ert/xae erifidcTov eTifiaeTqv erifido/xcp trifidere crt'/iu irifiarov cnndrqp €Tl/Aa>/i6J/ . ert/xare CTlfJidcTO frt/xao/icSot erifj.dea'Sop fTifiaea'STjp ert/xao/xeSa ertjuaecrSe cVt/xaro CTifxaa^op eTifida^rjp erifxaa'Se 3. iTifMaov irlfiap irifidoPTO ertficoPTO FUTURE. ACTIVE. MIDDLE. PASSIVE. Tlfirja-Q} Tifirjarofiai Ttp.T]?if](rofiat AORIST. eTLjirjo-a iTLjxrja-dfxrjV eTl[lT)%T)P PERFECT TeTipr)ica TeTifiTjfxai | like Mid. PLUPERFEC JT. ir€Tl{XT]K€lV fT€TLfir]flT]P like Mid. FUTURE PER] ?ECT. T€Tifi^crofia i | like Mid. 112 ETYMOLOGY. Rem. 1. — In the above Paradigm the Present and Imperfect tenses throughout the several moods are given in full to illustrate the principles of contraction. In the other tenses — the Future, Aorist, Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect — only the first person singular of the Indicative is given, but all the other per- sons and numbers in the several moods may be readily formed according to the analogy of fiov\cva>. Rem. 2. — The contract verbs in their uncontracted forms do not differ at all in their inflection from fiov\eva> except in the Attic Optative : thus, rifxaco, Tifideis, Tifidci, &c, are entirely anal- ogous in formation to PovXeva, povXcveis, fiovXcva, &c. Lesson LII. Contract Verbs. — Class I. — Exercises. 256. Vocabulary. Bottw, tJo-o), to shout, cry aloud. Tvufirj, 7)o5, ov, 6, Chirisophus, commander under Cyrus. 257. Exercises. I. 1 . Tov irarepa rifia. 2. Tov irarepa Tifiai. 3. Tov irarepa ertfia. 4. Toi>$ yovia? ri/iiofiev. 5. Toi/<; yo- vea? TifiaTe. G. Tov$ yoveas rifiwqficv. 7. Siydra). 8. Hey are. 0. K0/?o? ireXevra. 10. 'ETeXevrrjaev. CONTRACT YEKBS. 113 11. Oi (TTpaTrjyol eTeXevTrjcrav. 12. Xecpiaocpo^ rere- XevTTjicev. 13. 01 "EXkrjves vLfcwcriv. 14. 'Evikcdv oi yfiirepoo Trpoyovoc rou? tovtcov 7rpoy6vovs. 15. 01 *A!b)va2oL tov? Ilepcras ivlfcrjo-av. 16. 01 "EXkrjves ivi/ccov tov? fiapfidpovs. 17. f O aevcxpcov ialya. 18. 'O StXavbs ifioa. 19. Ot arpaTtcoTai, eftocov. 20. \Ew- /c^crej/ 97 yvcofirj. 21. 'T/xet? ivLK^aare fiacriXia. II. 1. The city will conquer. 2. The citizens were conquering the enemy. 3. The general has been con- quered. 4? Let us conquer the king. 5. Honor the judge. 6. The soldiers were dying. 7. Let the boys be silent. 8. "We were silent. Lessor LIII. Contract Verbs. — Class II — Verbs in ico. 258. Yerbs in ico suffer the following Contractions. The characteristic e uniting 1) With another e, forms €i, e. g. : i\ee=$t\e£. 2) With o forms ov, e. g. : il\ovv. 3) In other cases it disappears, e. g. : f\i€t= 114: ETYMOLOGY. 250. Paradigm. — $i\eo>, Hove: Root, $i\e. PRESENT Indicative. active. MIDDLE AND PASSIVE. S. 1. (f)i\(a> 0tXu> 0ZXeo/xat (j)i\ovfiai 2. (jiikecis 0tXetff ffxXijj i\el ^tXc'erai (jfuXetrcu D.l. (friXcofxe'Sop (f>l\oVfl(?jOP 2. (j)l\(€TOV (juXetrop cf)i\eca'5op 0tXeio"3oi' 3. P. 1. (f)l\fO^€P (j)iKovix€P <£iXed/xe3a 0tXou/i«3a 2. tXer] /xf3oi> lK(J]TOP (Jh\t}top (f)i\er)(T?iop <£iX»;o-3oi' 3. iker)T€ (f)l\T]T€ o-i(f) cjiiKeaprai (f}iKoiPTai Optative. Attic Opt. 8.1. 0t\-«ot/xi,-oT/xi <}>t\-eoiT)p, (friXfolprjp ik-eois,-ois , -OITOV ^tX-eot^rov, -OlT)TOP (fiiXtoia^oP iXoi(73* 3. (jjik-fOKP^'oUp <£iX«o«to (^iXotin-o Imperative. cfjiXte (f)l\(t ) l\(lTOi f/nXffVSa) <^)tXfta3a) D. 2. v P. 2. l\*tTC (jfuXetrf (fnXifcrZf 0tXeTo-3f 3. \ i\(eTu>crav S €cf)iXr](ra 7re(f)iXT]KU €TT((f)iXr]K€lP IMPERFECT. €(f)iX€OV e(f>lXees ecjfrt'Xee €(f)[Xovv t(f)iXeis €(f)iX€l € eqfuXeeo-Sov C(f)lX€€(r%T]P ecpiXeofx&a eVjfuXt'ecrSe £, to do wrong, to he aSiKos, to wrong, to in- jure. "ASTkos, ov, unjust. 'A^v/xta, as, t), sadness, dejec- tion, despondency. Bw/xos, ov, 6, altar. *E7ratvca) (c7ri and alvico), ccrw, C7TT]J/£Oa, C7r^l/€KO, 77/ACU, tSfjV, to praise. *Ex^po9, ov, 6, enemy, personal Zrp-itDy 970-0, yjcdt i&'jrrjKa. (219), 77/xai, 7)9r]v, to seek, search for. MZo-co), lycrw, to hate. Houa), -qcroiy to build, malce, do. noAc/A€(o, -q(Hiiy to fight, wage war. <£tA.6a>, rjcru), to love. <£iAoo-o<£os, ov, 6, philosopher. 261. Exercises. T. 1. $l\et tovs l\ov$. 2. 'H Koprj rr)v firjTepa (f>i- Xel. 3. Tovs ayaSov? i\ovfiev. 4. Ol ayaSol i\ovv- tcu. 5. Tovs jovea? (fyiXelre. 6. tf Op,r]po<; iingveare rbv 'AyafiifjLvova. 7. Hoiriao* tovto. 8. TI iroLrjcrere ; 0. Ti 7roi7]. 262. Yerbs in oca suffer the following Contractions. The characteristic o uniting 1) "With e or o, forms ou, e. g. : fjLi) /Liia3o{)(rt(i/) piaZoovTat fuaSoCvrai Subjunctive. 8.1. fxia^oco fiiaZio /xio-Sooo/xai /Ltta3w/nat 2. fjLioSoys lua%ois fllTov fticr'SoTjcr'Sov /LU(r3axr3oi/ P. 1. fiUT^uoofxeu /xto-Sw/uff /mcrSoco/ifSa fitcr3d)/u«3a 2. fitcr'SoTjTe /titcrSeore /iicr3d77cr3f /^ito-3ti)(rSi 3. (i.icr?i6a>(n(v) /iio-Stocn(i') fiio-Sdcofrai /x((r3aJJTai Optative. -4^/c Opt. S. 1. -Ot/it /iio-S-ootqj/, -oirjv fiia^ooi/xj/J/ fJHa^OlfJLTJV 2. /xto-S-ootr, -Otff /ito-3-ooii/y, -ot>7? /iia3ooto (jita'Solo 3. /iicr3-ooi, -ot /ita3-ooi^, /xicrSdotro /naSJoiTO D.l. ~oi>7 /xto-Sooi/xeSoi' /ita3o»/ifSoi' 2. /xto-2-ootroi/, -oirov lita'S-oolrjTov, -oitjtop /ito-3dot(rSoi/ /tito-aotaSov 3. HloS-OOlTTJV, -oirqu fJLHX'2i-OOtT]TT)l>i ~OlT}TTJV fno - 3ooio , 2l7;v /ito-SotV3i;v P. 1. /itaS-ooi/xfi/, -oirjfjLcv fiia'iooifxf'ia /xto-Sot'/ifSa o /ita-3-o'oirf, -oire (Xl D. 2. (Mia'iofTOV flKT^OVTOV /ita - 3dc(r3o»' UtaJSova'iov CONTRACT VERBS. 119 Paradigm of MmtSoq), continued. PRESENT. Impeeative. active. 3. fiKr^oerav fiia^ovTcov P. 2. /utrSdere fiioSovTe 3. < (rap < trap ( fiio-^oovTayu ( fxta^ovvrcov Infinitive. Paeticiple. MIDDLE AND PASSIVE. fitcr'iSoea'Soiu fiia'SovcrlScov /Lttcr3oeo"3e /zicrSouo-Se •< crau < trai/ /itcrSouj' | /xtcrSoccrSai fiur'Sova'Sai Nom.M. F. N. Gen. fiicr^ioav /x«r3doi/ros Indicative. s 1. 2. 3. D 1. 2. 3. P . 1. 2. 3. efua-Slooi/ cpioSoes cfj.iar'SoeTOV e/xi(r3oo/iei/ 6/z«r3oere efxia^oov ACTIVE. /LUcrSaxra) efiiaSaxra /xe/xio-3a)Ka 6/xe/nicr3a)Keiv flKT^COP Hicr'Sovaa fii(r?}ovvTos Hia^oovarrjs ixur^ovo-qs [XMT%o6fJL(vos [ua^ov/jLepos Ixio-ZoofievT] fii(r^oviJ.€vrj fiia^o6[X€vov fiia^Sovixepov IMPERFECT. €fll3)70"o/xai e/xio-SooSqv like Mid. like Mid. like Mid. 120 ETYMOLOGY. Lesson LVL Contract Verbs. — Class III. — Exercises. 264. Vocabulary. 'AvopSou [avd and SpSoo)), okra>, to restore, repair. AoAow, wau), to deceive, beguile. Ad£a, r)s, rj, glory, fame. AovAdu), oxtw, to enslave, sub- jugate. "EAcv^cpdco, wcro), to liberate, free, set free. ZrjXow, wo-co (219), to be zeal- ous for, desire, emulate, envy. K.6vv, wvos, 6, Conon, Atho nian general. M^8os, ov, 6, Mede, of Media. Mio-^dw, oicrw, to let, rent, Mid. to hire. TLarpLsy i8os, r), native country, one's country. Src^ttvdw, (ucro> (219), to crown, to honor with a crown. 265. Exercises. I. 1. Kovcov row "EWrjva? rjXev&epcocrev. 2. Koveov ra Teiyjf) to, rrj? 7rarplBo<; dvoop^eoaev. 3. 01 "EWrjve? rjkev^epda^Tjaav. 4. ZrfXov, w irai, toi>9 dya&ovs. 5. Trjv aocf)lav fyXovfJLev. 6. Trjv dperrjv tyfiJofiev. 7. 01 veaviai rrjv dperrjv tyfSmev. 8. $L\nriro<; Sogav e?>;\a>- Kev. 9. 01 iroXirat ihokovvro. 10. 01 iroXirat i$ov- Xovvro. 11. Tovs irokiTas iXevSepovre. 12. Trjv ttq- Xlv rfkevSepoMTare. 13. 'EcrrecfravcoSTjo-av oi 7roi7jTaL II. 1. I have hired this house. 2. Be has Let his Imuse. 3. Which house will v<»u Lett 4. We liaw rented all our houses. f>. Philip is enslaving these cities. 6. The Athenians will set them free. VERBS IN -fAl. 121 Lesson LVIL Verbs in -pi. 266. Verbs in -/u form a distinct conjugation, presenting in the Present, Imperfect, and Aorist II. tenses, certain marked peculiarities. 267. In these verbs the root appears in the Pres- ent and Imperfect in a strengthened form, as follows : 1) The short final vowel of the root is length- ened ; as, (f>7j/jLL: root, a. 2) A few verbs not only lengthen the final vowel, but also prefix a reduplication consisting (1) of the first letter of the word with i, if the root begins with a single consonant or a mute and liquid ; as, BlBco- fjii : root, Bo (o lengthened to oy and Be pre- fixed) ; (2) of I, if the root begins with two consonants not mute and liquid, or with an aspirated vowel ; as, Xa-TWfjLi :• root, ara (a lengthened to w, and [prefixed). 3) A few verbs annex to their root wv or vv ; as, BetKvvfjii, : root, Bene (vv added). 122 ETYMOLOGY. 268. Paradigms. — Yerbs in -/u. ACTIVE VOICE. v I(TTr)ni. TfetyfU. Ai8a>fj.i. AeUviiftt. To place. To put. To give. To show. Root, o-to. Root, Se. Root, So. Root, 8cik. Present. INDICATIVE MOOD. 8.1. 1arr}}XL Tfarjfxi 6\'6\out deiVei/i/xt 2. t(TTT]S rfci]? dtdwt 8flKVVS 3. l(TTT](Tl(^v) Ttir)cri(v) 6\'5ooo"t(i>) 8(iKvvai(v) D. 2. IcTT&TOU TiSeroj/ 818otov 8eiKVvTov 3. laraTou rfocrov 818otov 8('lKVVTOV P. 1. lO-Tajxep Tt'Se/uez/ didofiev 8eiKvvn(v 2. la-Tare Ti'Sere SlboTC bfiKvirc 3. IfTTacri^u) Tt3€dcrt(j/) 8i86u(ri(v) 8€lKVVU(Tl(v) Imperfect. S. 1. ?(TTr)V cYfttow eSidovv (8eiKVvv 2. l(TTT]S irtSttts (8i8ovs (8(tKVVS 3. l(TTT] ert'Sei e8i8ov (8eiKPv D.2. "htt&tov rrtSctw c8l8oTOU (8(lKVVTOV 3. \(JTaT7)V €n3«'r?7i/ f8l86TT)V (8(tKPiTtjP P. 1. tOTdjUfl/ cVt'Se/ifj/ €8i8o/j.ev c8(lKVVfJL(V 2. itrrare ilf&m <8i80T€ (8(lKVVTe 3. larda-av cV/3eo-ai/ €8l8o(TUU e8ciKvvaav AORIST II. 8. 1 . CKa * Not used. 2. €(TTT]S cStyKas' t8(i)K(lS 3. 60-TT7 fttyKf(i') Z8cOK((v) D. 2. f<7TT)TOU c3eroj/ c8otov 3. ((TTTjTt)U i&njp (86ttju P. 1. t(TTr)fX(V fSf/xeu e8ofiev 2. t(TTT)Te e3fre (8oT€ 3. earrjcrav cSfO-ai/ i8o 8i8oi 8(UCVl(0 2. la-Tijt Ti2//y 8i8$s dflKVVTJS 3. Jor.V Tt3y 8i8ir]T€ 3. l(TTO)ai(v) rt3a> Sa> Not used. 2. 3. (TTfJTOU "Stjtov §COTOJ> # P.l. ScO/iCI/ 8(Ofl€P 2. (TTrjre Sqre Score 3. crrcoc7t(i/) So)crt(i') Scocn(i/) OPTATIVE MOOD. Peesent. . S.l. l 818otov 8eiKWTOV 3. ia-Tarcov TtSertai/ 8l8oTO)V 8eiKVVT(OV P. 2. lOTdTC ri'Scre 8l8(JT€ 8etKVVT€ 3. j la-raTuxrav j ri3e'rcocrai> \ 8i86rcocrav j 8eiKvvTco(rav \ iaravTcov { Ti3eWcoi> \ 8i86vt6ov ( 8eLKVVVTO>V * In Dual and Plur. 77 in the ending is dropped : hence Wratrov for l 86tg> tStTOV duTOV flCTCOV 8uTO)V Sere Sore j Se'roxrai/ j Soraxrav ( StVrcoi/ ( duvTau ivoi i/«#7. Prese; i VT. iarrdvai INFINITIVE MOOD. rtSeVat didovai 8eiKj>i5j/ai Aorisi 1 I II. (TTTJvai Sea/at fiovi>ai iVbi w««Z. Presei N. fT. larTas, ao-cr, av PARTICIPIJ ri3eiV, etcra, eV SS. Si8ous, o£/(ra, SeiKJ/vy, vera, G. iaravTos, &C. riSeVroy, &C. oV StSbVros-, &C 8etKJ/iWoy,&C. Aorisi Nom. Gen. ! II. o-T(is, a (ra, a v (TTaVTOS, &C. Setf, euro, eV 1 8ovy, oO(ra, 6v %6vtos, &C. 1 5bVror, &C. jVbf ?/«rc7. SYNC PSIS OF OTHER TENSES. FUTURE. 1 crrr/o-o) Sr}o"u> d 1 ' didocrSov deiupvaSou 3. taraa^ov ri3eo-3oy &7W3oi' SeiKwaSov P. 1. tord/zeSa TiSe'/MfSa SiSd/ueSa dciicvvfi&a 2. i(rraa%€ Tt3eo-3f 8i'5oo"3e deiKvvcr'Se 3. lo-Tavrai Ti'Serrai Sidoj/rai deiicvvvTai Imperfect. S. 1. i ibibofirjv cb€ucvvnr)v 2. torao-o, i irfaeo-o, «Vt3ov iSidocrO) edifiov edeiKVvao 3. iarraro eVi'Sero idiboTo ideiKvxJTo D. 1. lo-Tdfi&ov cYiSe/ieSoi' e§e86/*e3ov (deiKvvfJL&ov 2. icrracr'Sov crt'StecrSoj/ eo7oW3oi> ideiKvva'Sov 3. lo-Taa'Srjv eVi3eo-3j;i/ e'StSocr3?;i/ ibeiKVvfr^T)v P. 1. icrrdfieSa eVt3f'/xe3a e'StSd/ie3a cdetKVVfi&a 2. t iboa^rjv P. 1. e3e/xeSa «Sd/xf3a 2. €3co-3e coWSe 3. eSfi/ro ?8oito 12G ETYMOLOGY. Paradigms, continued. MIDDLE AND PASSIVE. Present. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. S. 1. tOTco/xat Ti3co/icu diScofiai dfiKVvoofiai 2. t,orr i/ ri3>7 8i8/if2o>» &Sayie3oj/ dciKWOOfJ.c'SoV 2. tcrrJ)o-3oi> tiS/Jo-Soj/ 6\da> a-Sov d(tKPl>r]ii&a Tt3a)/*e3a 8iSa>/xe3a deiKPv6)/i€?5a 2. tcrr^o-36 , riSqcrSe SiSwo-Se deiKvvrjcr'Sf 3. to-raii/Tai TtSwi^at 8l§aJVT(U deiKi/voovrai AORIS' r II. {Middle only). S. 1. Not used. Sco/xai ticofxai Not used. 2. 3 ? 8/xe3oj/ 5a)/xe3oi/ 2. S^o-Sov 8coo-3ov 3. Sija-Soi/ fiaJa-Sov P.l. Sco/xf3a 5a>/if3a 2. S^o-Sf dooaSf 3. 3a>jrai Switch Prese ST. OPTATIVE M OOD. S. 1. [(TTa'lHYjV TI%CipT)V * dtBoiflTJV dflKWOlfiTJV 2. loraio TiSeto fiiSoto fiflKVVOlO 3. ia-Talro TiSeiro 818017-0 8(lKVVOlTO D. 1. lo-Talfi&ov Tl^fl/i 6 ^ " StcW/ze3oj> dciKWOiptSoV 2. loToiaSov Ti3eurSoi> fitSotaSoj/ dciKvvotaSop 3. i(TTai(T?}T)v rtSftVS^v dtSoiaS^v 8eiKVVOl 3«to doio £ 3«iro 8oiro j>. i. 3*t/i«3ov boifif^Sov •j. Sldo-Soi' doiaioif SftaSqi/ dota^rjv p.i. 3«i'/i«3a dolfida 2. Sfto-3* dotcrSf 3. SfiWo fioTiro • Tin' forms T«aof/*7jv, T«do?o, &c, aro also used, f The form ^oI/xtjv is rai v. VERBS IN -JU. MIDDLE AND PASSIVE. 127 Paradigms, continued. MIDDLE AND PASSIVE. Present. imperative mood. S.2. l0~TCl0~O, tOTCO ri'Sf cto, tiSov 6\'&Wo,8tSov deiKvvo-o 3. lardo-^co Tt3eV3a> fitSoVSw 8eiKvva?Sa> D.2. la-racr^ov Tt'Sea-Soi/ dtTWdop deiKwa'Sov 3. iarda^av rtSeVScoy SiSocrScoj/ deacvvo-'Oicov P. 2. lo-rao-'Se n'Sco-Sf SfflbarSc delKwoSe 3. ( iarrdo-^ao-av | TiSeo-Scoo-ai/ ( didocr'Sacrav \ didoaZoov ( SetKiwSa)- < aav ( 8f tKvvaScov Aorist II. {Middle only). S. 2. ifoi «Stfd. Sou 8ov Not used. 3. SeVSa) d6o-%a> D. 2. Sea-Stav SoVSoi/ 3. SecrScoi/ doaScov P. 2. 3eV3e 86 | Sofievos, 77, ov Not used. SYNOPSIS OF OTHER TENSES. FUTURE MIDDLE. j orijo-o/xat | %f)o-opat | Scoo-o/iai delgopai AORIST I. MIDDLE. | forqo-dfxrjv | * * edei£diJ.r)V * Aorist II. is used instead. See Paradigms. 398 ETYMOLOGY. Paradigms, continued. IDDLE AND PASSIVE. PERFECT. | taTdfxai PLUPERFECT. | fie'Sfty/zat | ior&fJLrjv FUTURE PERFECT. | cdefclyfiijp | caTrji-ofxai 1 1 AORIST I. PASSIVE. 1 | i * iaTalrjv kcrravai iardis 2. €(TTT)KaS €s or &C. -OS D.2. eardTov Q.iarcoTOS 3. ea-rarov €) iarooai(u)* PLUPERFECT. S. 1. €(TTT}KeiV 2. €(TTT)K€IS 3. €(TT7]Ket D.2. ecrrarov 3. io-T&Trjv P. 1. ecrrafieu 2. earare 3. earda-au 272. YoCABULARY. *Air6 (prep, with gen.), from. 'ATToStSw/xt (d7ro and StSw/xt), Scjctco, A. loWa, SeSco/ca, $*Lorr)[AL (a.7ro and larrrjfii, 220), aTTOorrjau), aTricrrq- aa, 2 A. aTrco-Trjv, to remove, to make revolt; in 2d A. Perf. and Plup. intransi- tive, to depart from, revolt from. AtiKvv/ju, Set£o>, to show, ex- hibit. Ae£ta, a?, rj, right hand, pledge. AtSw/xt, Soicra), to give, present, bestow. ETSos, €oi\ov<; ttkttovs. 5. 'Opovrrjs ypdfai e7n- ravQa laravTo oi irokifitoL. G. 'AttoSov to tcvireXXov. I. Upb fJLe$7}<; aviaraao. 8. ' AiroheiicvvTai TifiacrLCJV yvcofiTjv. 9. 01 AaKehaifJiovLOi okuyapyiav Iv reus iro- ~keai KaSicTTavTO. 10. Kvpos rovs MrjBovs iBovXcocraro. II. Tovs Uepaas rjXeuSipcoo-ev. 12. f O %6\a)v rrjv yvcbfiTjv a7rehei£a,T0. II. 1. The citizens are enacting laws. 2. Good laws were enacted. 3. The judge was giving his opinion. 4. The orators had expressed their opinions. 5. I expressed this opinion. 6. "What opinion did you express ? 7. "Will you give me your book ? 8. I will give it to you. 9. Will you show me those letters ? 10. I will show them to your brother. Lesson LXI. Verb el/it, I am. 276. The verb el/xl is Irregular, and is inflected according to the following VERB elflL PARADIGM. 133 PEESENT TENSE. INDICATIVE. SUBJ. OPTATIVE. IMPEE. INFIX. PART. S.l. elfJLl & c'lTJV clvai Norn. a>v 2. ft c'lT]S i'o-Si ovcra 3. eVr/(i>) ea'rco ov D.2. c/xej/ e'lrjliev, eificv 2. icrre TjT€ ei'/jre, eire ecrre 3. €i o, expounder, teacher. 'Epfxfjs, ov, 6, Hermes, Mer- cury, messenger of the gods. ©npros, t), 6v, mortal. KAavos, r), 6v, celebrated, fa- mous. Ku)fxr], ^s, yj, village. Alvos, ov, 6, Linus, mythical minstrel. Maria, as, rj, madness, frenzy. Ml/cpds, a, ov, short. 'OXvfXTria, as, rj, Olympia, in Ehs in Greece. LTept (prep, with ace), around, along. UXdruiit, tuvos, 6, Plato, great philosopher of Athens. tAoKuAos, ov, fond of the beau- tiful, fond of beauty. X.lu)v, 6voC\6ica\o$ rjv. 5. Beficuos IcrSi. G. 01 iepeh earcov i^rjyrjTal tcov xprjo-rcov. 7. *H Al'yvTrros Bcopov ecrrt, tov NeiXov.'* 8. "*Hv x i <* v iroXXr}. 9. TloXX't] airopla fjv. 10. Kcojjlcu 7ro\\al irepl tov TTOTafibv fjaav. 11. 2o iza- paSet(T(p. There is an army in the park. 284. Conjunctions are mere connectives, e. g. : A6%a koX 7t\ovto<;. 'Aya&b? real (C7T4 and TtXeO)), 6CTC0, e? ovpavo?. IT. 1. The. present life is short. 2. The soldiers lovo their present generals. 8. \W all wonder at the wise men of old. -1. You have deliberated welL BOOK II. SYNTAX. Lesson LXIII. Classification of Sentences. 288. Syntax treats of tlie structure and combina- tion of sentences. 289. The object of all language is of course the ex- pression of thought. 290. A sentence may express thought, 1) In the form of an assertion, either affirmative or negative. It is then called a Declara- tive sentence, e. g. : 'O ttcus ypdfei,. The hoy is writing. 'O Trals ov ypd(f>€L. The hoy is not writing. 2) In the form of a question. It is then called an Interrogative sentence, e. g. : TV? ypdfei ; WJio is writing f 3) In the form of a command, exhortation, or en- treaty. It is then called an Imperative sentence, e. g. : rpdfe. Write thou. 138 SYNTAX. 291. A sentence may express 1) A single thought, i. e. may make but one assertion, ask but one question, or give but one command. It may then be called a Simple sentence, e. g. : 01 fiapfiapoi (pevyovarw. \The barbarians aref 2) Two or more thoughts so related to each other that one or more of them are made dependent upon the others. It may then be called a Complex sentence, e. g. : 9 Hv, ore erikevta, afi(/>l ra TrevTTjKOVTa erw. He was about fifty years old when he died. Rem. — The two simple sentences, it will be observed, which compose the above complex, are ( 1 ) lie was about fifty years old, and (2) He died. These are, however, so combined that the sec- ond only specifies the time of the other. He was about fifty years old (when ?) when he died. 3) Two or more independent thoughts. It may then be called a Compound sentence, e. g. : 01 fiev fidpfiapoi efevyov, ol & "EWnve? elx ov T ° a/cpov. The barbarians were flee- in (j, but the Greeks oc- cupied the height ELEMENTS OF SENTENCES. 139 CHAPTER I. SIMPLE SENTENCES. Lesson LXIV. Principal Elements of Sentences. — Subject and Predicate. — Declarative Sentences. 292. Every sentence, however simple, consists of two distinct parts, viz. : 1) The Subject, or that of which it speaks ; as Trat? in the sentence irais ypdi7ra>, \j/oi, i[/a, 7T€7ro//,<£a, iri- 7re/A//,(u, kTr£[xtfi$y]v, to send. JlXiqcriov {adv.), near, 6 ttXt)- o-iov, the near (282), the neighboring, the neighbor. Xwpa, as, f], country, place. 301. Vocabulary. *Ap)(Q}v, ovtos, 6, archon, rule?'. BacrtAaa, as, rj, queen. Kpv7rru), i/foo, «//a, cf>a, /x/xat, cfiSrjv, to conceal, hide. ITat£to, 7rai£o//,ai, €7raicra, iri- TraiKa, 7re7raio-/xat, lirai)(^rjv } to play, to sport. 302. Exercises. I. 1. nipo-w? etepvyjre KvireXXa. 2. r O IHpav^ etepvyjre Ta KV7reXXa. 3. O /c rod Xeipiaocpov K7]7ra). 6. r O ap-)((ov rjje/Mova irepnrei. 7. r O t?}? %go£>/oa? ap^cov rots "EXXwctcv 7)ye p,6va irepnrei. 9. "Egtl arpdrevfjia iv tw irapadei- /, equivalent to Latin wr, ask for infer* mation; with o£, or 2pa oft, Lmo />»/x//i, expect I he U 3) Without any intern word. In thia • Interrogative character of the sen- tence is indicated, as in English, by the ELEMENTS OF SENTENCES. 143 interrogation-mark in writing, and by the tone of voice in speaking, e. g. : Eeptfvrjv ayere, o> avSpe? 'ASyvaiot ; Are you at peace, men of Athens ? 304. Imperative sentences are nsed in commands, exhortations, and entreaties. They take the verb usu- ally in the Imperative, though sometimes in the Sub- junctive, e. g. : Tpdcpe €7riet. '/'/<■ ' n. the predicate, as in the above examples. COMPLEX SUBJECT. 145 310. Vocabulary. Aj/Spetos, tea, tiov, brave, val- iant liotwros, ov, 6, Boeotian. 'llyiojxai, ^cro/xai, rjo-d^irjv, Per/. M. fjyrjfAai, to com- mand, guide, lead. ILVSapos, ov, 6, Pindar, cele- brated lyric poet of The- bes in Boeotia. Ileio-tOTpaTos, ov, 6, JPisistra- ttis, tyrant of Athens. 311. Exercises. I. 1. Aapeios efiacriXeva-ev. 2. Kvpos ecrTparevero. 3. Xeiplo-ocf)o<; rjyocro. 4. Ovto? iaTiv avSpelos. 5. Hivhapos Bolcotos r\v. 6. TV? vevUnrai ; 7. Ovtol vevifcrjVTat. 8. Tlves ^av/id^ovrac ; 9. 'Tfiel? Savfid- %ecr&e. 10. Ueir attribute. These may be called Attribu- tive Modifiers, e. g. : 'AyaSbs fiaviXevs /caXcos PaaCkevet. A good king rules well. Rem. 1. — 'Aya3o'r expresses tho attribute of fiaaCkfvs {good king) and ko\ws of fiaaiXevei (rules well). Ilr.M. 2. — It will be observed that the adverb mKmt sustains the same relation to the verb /SoaiXtvfl M the adjective dyaSdc docs to the noun fiaaiXtvt ; botli are strictly dt!ril>utir<\ but, for distinction'! sake, the latter may he called the •'tri- lutc, and the funnel- the Modifiers vv the Sobj] 314. The subject of a sentence may be limited oar modified : COMPLEX SUBJECT. 147 1) By an objective modifier, e. g. f H t?5? v is itself modified by the adjective fjnepwv. Lesson LXIX. Complex Subject. — Exercises. 320. YOCABTTLAKY. "Hkw, -tjio), fJKa, to come, to have arrived. 'Iao/xat, IdcrofJLaL, lao-dfxrjv (De- ponent), to cure, heal. M-avTevofiau, o-ofxai, adfxrjv (pep.), to predict, to proph- esy. Te^, rjs, rj, art, occupation, trade. <£a)Ktooj/, uvos, b,Phocion,A.t\iQ- nian commander. 'AttoWoiv, , eo-xqKa, to have, hold, possess. E^epyeV^s, ov, 6, benefactor. 321. Exeecises. I. 1. SrpaT7)yol epovXevaavTO. 2. 01 crrpar^yol iftov- Xevo-avro. 3. 01 rcov 'EWrjvcov crrpaTrjjol i/3ov\ev- cravTo. 4u r H fiacnXecos yvvrj tftcei. 5. 'O tt}? fiacri- \ea>9 yvvaiicbs a$e\(pb<; r\K£i. 6. *H <&cqklcovos yvvrj eTifirj&T). 7. 01 evepyircu tojv av^poaircov rifioyvTat. 8. r O rcov Kopw&Lcov o-Tparrjybs iviKrjB^. 9. f/ JE/ca<7T0? twv Secov rexvrjv tlvcl e%et. 10. f O AttoKKwv fxavTev* erai. 11. f O Ao-/c\7]7rLbs larcu. 150 SYNTAX. II. 1. The queen is honored. 2. The good queen will be loved. 3. The servants of the good queen were silent. 4. The faithful servants will honor the queen. Lesson LXX. Simple Predicate. 322. The Predicate of a sentence consists of two parts, an attribute of the subject, and a copula, by which that attribute is predicated or asserted of the subject. 323. The attribute and copula, which form the predicate, sometimes appear separately, as when the former is expressed by a noun or adjective and the lat- ter by the verb d/j,{, and sometimes united in one word, in which case they must be expressed by a verb. 324. The predicate of a simple sentence may, therefore, be 1) A verb, e. g. : r O 7ral$ iral^ei. The boy is playing. 2) The verb eifit with an attributive* noun or adjective, e.g. : *0 Uapvaaah'; 6po$ ioTiv, " H(pataTOrr£\oi,s aptfyei. The boy is writing a letter. He aids his friends. 335. The direct object of the predicate may rep- resent, 1) The person or thing on which the action of the verb is directly exerted, e. g. : O veavta? iTTCG-rokrjv ava- yiyvcbcr/cei,. The youth is reading (what ?) a letter. 2) The direct effect of the action, i. e. the object produced by it, e. g. : 'O veavia? eVtcrToX?)*/ ypd- , Aridities, Athenian statesman sur- named the Just. rc(o/x€T/)r;?, ou, 6, gcomci 340. K\ r.i vises. AoKi/Aa£o>, dora), to try, prove, test. 'Hfxt$€o, ijcro), to tell mythic tales, to recount. HtvStto, rio-tDy to lament, mourn for. Tt/xdo), rjo-iOy to honor, r worship. 1. Aofdiia^e tol»5 /\ov?. 2. Zocfriav ^avjid^ofiev. 3. Trjv tov yeoyfierpov coiav Savjjid&fiev. 4. 'H rov COMPLEX PREDICATE. 155 ry€(OfieTpov Gofyla ^avfid^erai. 5. 01 "EXknves rovs Hepo-a? ivl/C7], £o>, $a, to help, aid, succor. Bao-tXcta, as, ?/, kingdom. BorjSiiD, rjo-ai, to assist, run to the assistance of. Eiko), c?£' money. lie is stealing some of the public money. [II. 574, 575, 576 : C. 346, 357, 367, 375 : S. 1 7», 182,184.] 'O av$pci)7ro<; fierixei, t?}? KXeTTTec tcl Bnfioata. K\e7TT€L rcov Swfioatow. 347. Vocabulary. 'AiTopcd), y'], htTtjcroi, cScT/cra, hihirjKa, ScSoj/Atu, i&crjSrjv, to I ask, /"_'/. Ettl^v/xcw (cVt and Svptuj not used], r/crw, to desire. 'EmSvixta, as, t], desire. Ev7ropto>, rjau), to prosper, bo rich in. 0d\acro-a, t^, y, sea. ®f//3ai, (ov, al (plur.), Thebes, city in Boeotia. Kafyxos, ov, 6, Cadmus, Phoe- nician, reputed founder of Thebes. COMPLEX PREDICATE. 159 MtVwg, a)os, 6, Minos, king of Crete. %, £0 r e<&, fo »jas- ter of, govern. 348. Exercises. I. 1. KdB/io? Qrjffcov ijSaaiXevcrev. 2. K $L\i7T7ro$ 86^77? iin^vfiei. 3. Aapelo? ttJ? &a\d(r?. 8. 0/ AaicehaijJLoviot, heovrai rod a-rparevfia- ros. 9. 'Ckt,7nro$ ^^iidrcov eviropei. 10. Aoycov diropovfiev. 11. XpTjfjLdrcov eviropovfiev. II. 1. What do you desire ? 2. I desire wisdom. 3. The boy desires a beautiful horse. 4. The wise gov- ern their desires. 5. All need wisdom. Lesson LXXIV. Complex Predicate. — Direct Object with Predicate- Accusative. 349. Eule. — Direct Object with Predicate-Accu- sative. Verbs of making, choosing, electing, calling, show- ing, and the like, are followed by two accusatives de- noting the same person or thing, e. g. : 160 SYNTAX. Ilv&dyopas eavrov cfuXocro- ov Govofiacrev. Pythagoras called himself a philosopher. [II. 556: C. 434: S. 166.] Bem. — Here eavrov is the direct object, but the other accusa- tive, (fnXoo-ocpov, is neither object nor modifier, but an essential part of the predicate, and may therefore be called the predi accusative. The assertion is not that Pythagoras called himself) but that he called himself a philosopher. 350. When verbs of this class assume the passive form, the direct object of the active becomes the sub- ject, and the predicate-accusative becomes the predi- cate-nominative, e. g. : Oi /coXatces AXe^avBpov &ebv wvofia^ov. *A\i%av$po$ #eo? covofid- %€TO. The flatterers called Al- exander a god. Alexander was called a god. 351. The predicate noun, whether nominative or accusative, usually dispenses with the article, as in the above examples. 352. In the arrangement of the object and the predicate-accusative, the former generally precedes, e.g.: AXe^avBpov $ebv wvofia- tpv. 353. Vocabulary. 'Ap/tma, as, y, Armenia, coun- try in Ana, 'Ao-ta, as, y, Asia. KaAeoj, ctra>, co*a, KtKXyKa, k€k\7][aoll, iKXydyv, to call, name. Koo-uos, ov, o, ornament, honor. They called Alexander a god. Aao?, ov, b,peopU. No/xi'£a>, tcro> (or ia>), C/xai, o-Syv, to regard, think, con- 81(1 'Ovoua^a), acra), (T/xat, (rSyv, to name, call by name. IIu/Wu's, a, or, ancient, old. COMPLEX PREDICATE. 161 TdfAtLovy ov, to, store-house, treasury. To7ro5, ov, 6, place, region, coun- try. 'Pw/xato?, a, ov, Roman. e Pco//.?7, 7]?, y, Rome. "XXKeXia, az> Uepcrtov /3a(ri\el. 7. T^y Suce\iav to iraXaiov rapielov ttJ? Tw/i^? eicakovv ol 'Pco/ialcx,. II. 1. They called tlie city Borne. 2. The city was called Borne. 3. Whom did you call king ? 4. We called Cyrus king. 5. Cyrus was called the great king. Lesson LXXV. Complex Predicate. — Corribined Objects. — Two Accw satives. 355. The several objects already considered — the direct, indirect, and remote — are not only used singly as modifiers of verbs, but are also variously combined with each other. The principal combinations will now be noticed in order. 356. A few verbs take two direct objects, the ono of a person and the other of a thing. 162 SYNTAX. 357. Rule. — Combined Objects — Two Accusatives. Verbs of asking, demanding, teaching, conceal nig, clothing, unclothing, doing or saying good or ill, and some others, may take two accusatives, one of a per- son and the other of a thing, e. g. : 00 KpUljrCD T7JV ifJLTJV ryvcb/JLrjv. Tavra alrovfiev tovs Seovs. I will not conceal from you my ojpinion. We ash this of the gods. [H. 553: C. 435, 436: S. 165.] 358. When verbs, which in the active voice take two accusatives, become passive, the direct object of the person generally becomes the subject, and the accusative of the thing is retained. 359. Rule. — Object after Passive Verbs. Yerbs in the passive voice may be followed by the same cases as in the active, except the personal object, which generally becomes the subject of the passive, e. g. : Tov avhpa ilovgXki)V iiral- Bevarav. 'O avrjp /jLovdtfcrjv eirai&ev- Srj. [ n. 553 a, 595 a : They taught the man mu- sic. The man was taught mu- sic. C. 562 : S. 206, 3.] Rem. — This rule, it will bo observed, applies to all verbs which take combined objects in any of their several forms. 360. VOOABULABT. Alriu), -qa u), yrrjauy &C, to ash, beg, demand. 'ATTO (u7TO, ft'OHl, Jlll'l crrepcto), rycrw, to deprive of, take from. AdfKov, wos, 6, Damon, cele- brated musician, AiSuotcw, u£u>, a£a, a\a, ayfxai, u^Stjv, to teach. COMPLEX PREDICATE. 1G3 'EpyaTrjs, ov, 6, laborer, work- man. Mrjv, firjvos, by month. Mto-^wTo?, ou, b, hireling. Movo-tKT/, rjs, rj y music. TLcvTCKatSeKa, fifteen. 'Suxfipoo-vvr), rjs, fj, prudence, self-control, moderation. 361. Exercises. I. 1. 01 Hepcrat SiBdartcovcri, tou? 7ratSa? eraxppocrvvTjv. 2. 01 tojv Hepcr&v 7raZSe? craxfypocrvvvv BiBdar tcovrai. 3. A&fJLCov rrjv /coprjv tt)V fiovcntcrjv iBlBa^ev. 4. *H ko- prj ttjv fiovarifcrjv iBiBd^Brj. 5. AiBd^co ra /3e\r terra vfAas. 6. *TfjLLaka<; apyv- pas ehcoKev. To?? %ivois v\d- ktjv iirLTpeirovaiv. Oi y A^7)valoL T7]V (f)v\a/cr)V iiriTpi7rovrac. 364. In the arrangement of objects, the dative of the person generally precedes the accusative of the thing, as in the above examples. 365. YoCABULAJtY. 'Act/xv^oTos, ovy memorable, not to he forgotten. 'Apulia, as, ?;, ignorant/. At'o, iivo. Awpov, ov, to, gift, present. ', as, ij, prober 'it '//, hapjK ©ri/Juios, a, ov, Thcban. KaKooui/xor/u,us-, •/'/, )nisjWtnne, trouble, wihappincst. Avicovpyos, ov, 6, Xycurgi's, lawgiver <>f Sparta, Md^ry, 77s, yy tattle, engagc- ■ nt. *Om8i£to, io-u> (?u>), to impute, as east in one^s lluiSa'u, us, 1), lesson, instruc- tion. COMPLEX PREDICATE. 165 riapacKevatoi (jrapd and (TKevd- £w), dcro), oyxai, aSrjv (219 and 220), to prepare. x Prp-opiKrj, 77s, y, rhetoric. 366. Exercises. 'StWKpdrrjs, cog, 6, Socrates, Athenian philosopher. QaiKiKos, rj y 6v, JPho.cian, of Phocis, in Greece. 1. A6? {10 i TTjV iTTLCTTOkriV. 2. A O? fMOL T7]V TOV $i- \,i7nrov iiriGToXrjV. 3. 01 'AStjvcllol GrjflaLOis ttjv dfia- Slav 6vei$%ovo-iv. 4. f Avicovpyos irapeaKevaae rots dyaSols evScufiovcav. 5. IlapecTKevaa-e tols zed/cols kclko- Scufioviav. 6. Ae%t,a<; eSoaav tol? tcov ^EWrjvcov arpa- rrjyols. 7. f <2>a>/a/eo? 7r6XeyLto? aeifjLvrjaTov irathelav tovs Grjfiaiovs eiraihevo-ev. 8. f H fid^V r< p fiaaiXel ayyeWeTcu. 9'. IloWa haypa BeSoTcu tois o-TpaTicbrcuc. 10. Sco/cpdrns pwTOpucrjV iiraihev^n. II. 1. "Will you give me a book? 2. I will give you two books. 3. "Which book was given to you ? 4. All these books were given to me. 5. Who gave them to you ? 6. My father gave them to me. Lesson LXXVII. Complex Predicate. — Combined Objects — Accusative and Genitive. 367. Rule. — Combined Objects — Accusative and Genitive. I. Yerbs of accusing, convicting, acquitting, and the like, take the Accusative of the person and the 166 SYNTAX. Genitive of the crime, charge, &c, except compounds of Kara, which take the accusative of the crime and the genitive of the person, e. g. : M£\7)to<; ^(OKpaTT) aaefiei- a? iypdtyaro. MiXriaBov /caTTjyopovcn tv- pavvtBa. Meletus accused Socrates of impiety. They accuse Miltiadcs of tyranny. II. Yerbs of freeing from., giving part m, and in fine any transitive verb which involves any one of the relations specified for the genitive (346), may take the Accusative of the direct object in connection with that genitive, e. g. : Avaop fxe Beo-ficov. Free me from chains. [II. 544, 574, 577 b, 570 : C. 34G, 374, 423 : S. 180, 2 ; 183, 1 and 2.] 368. In the arrangement of objects, the person generally precedes the thing, as in the above ex- amples. 369. In the passive construction the direct object of the active becomes the subject, and the genith retained, e. g. : Ava^ayopas acre/Seta? etc pi- Anaxagoras was tnedfor impiety. 370. Yocabulai^ . 'A&Jwu, £>v, al {plllt.), Athens, city of Alliens. Actios, y, or, trmbh'. AtKaa-nys, ov, o, juror, dicast. ©pacrv/JoiAos, ov, 6, Thrasybu- lus, Athenian patriot who delivered Athens r the thirty tyrants. v y oP, to, misfordoi . lamity. COMPLEX PREDICATE. 167 TptciKovra, thirty. Tvpawos, ov, 6, tyrant, usurper. \£iAda), uhtu} (219), to strip bare, to deprive of. KaT7}yopi(x>, iqcroij to accuse. Ao^dyo?, ov, 6, commander, captain. Mcopia, as, rj, folly. ^Tepew, ijo-w (219), to deprive of. 371. Exercises. I. 1 . 'E/jlov crv ravra Karnyopeis ; 2. Tvpdvvcov rj\ev- SepQjSrjarav oi 'ASrjvcuoi. 3. Uavrav tcov ayaSobv eVre- ptfp,€$a. 4. 'EtyikovTo 6 \6o$ tcov hnretov. 5. At- Kaara^ tov$ Xo^cvyovs lTroir\l\ov$ ttkttovs. II. - 1. Who delivered Athens from the tyrants? 2. Thrasybulus delivered the city from the thirty ty- rants. 3. The city was delivered from the thirty tyrants. Lesson LXXVIII. Complex Predicate. — Combined Objects — Genitive and Dative. 372. Rule. — Combined Object — Genitive and Da- tive. I. A few impersonal verbs, as Set, piXei, fierafjii- \ei, fjuereo-Ti,, &c, take the Dative of the person and the Genitive of the thing, e. g. : 'TpZv hel xpwaTcov. You need money. 168 SYNTAX. H. The transitive verbs, which usually take both a direct and an indirect object, admit the Genitive and Dative, instead of the accusative and dative, ■when the action is restricted to a part of the object, e.g.: "EBco/cd aoi tcl 'Xprjfia.Ta. "EhtoKa goi tcov xprjfiaTCOV. I gave you the money. I gave you some of the money. [H. 574, e,' 596 : C. 357, 358, 401 : S. 178, 181, F.2; 195.] A77/CC1/ {Impersonal), it con- cerns, there is a care of. Mrjkov, ov, to, apple. Mio-3o, a£a>, rjyiiyov, r}x a > TO 10 "' r/x^Wi to l ea d> conduct, draw, attract. 'Act, always, ever. "Ap^io, ap$(D, 7)p£a, to command, rule, govern. Avptov, to-morrow, on the mor- row. Aai's, Scutos, f) y banquet, feast ; meal. Auttvov, ovy to, dinner, chief meal. 'H/xepa, as, rj y day. Klve'w, t/ctw, to move, excite, pro- voice. OIkoi, at home. Ow, then, therefore. Hov; where ? ITpaTTO) (or craw), a£u>, a£a, d^a, ay/Adi, d^r)v y to do, manage ; ev 7rpaTro>, to suc- ceed well, do well. Upon, early, early in the day. Tt (from ti's, rl, used as adv.), why, wherefore ? Tore, then, at that time. 3>opc'a>, t]Se. 5. Tl ravra \e7et9 t)\llv ; G. Tl ovv ravra \e7a9 i)p.LV ; 7. Tl ovv ravra \e7e19 yfilv vvv ; 8. Hore ravra irpd- %ere ; 9. *Hp%ov rore rravrcov rcjv 'EWj'jvmv ol Aatce- BaLfiovioi. 10. 01 'AfhjvaloL rd helirva halras etcaXovv. 11. 'O rvpavvos TroXefiovs rivas del Kivel. 12. f H <£a>- kicovos yvvrj ovk i(f)6p€L ypvaovv Koafiov. • II. 1. When will you give me the letter 1 2. I will COMPLEX PREDICATE. 171 give it to you to-morrow. 3. Where is your brother ? 4. He is at home. 5. Is your father at home ? 6. He is not at home. Lesson LXXX. Complex Predicate. — Adverbial Expressions. — Place and Time. 381. The oblique cases of nouns, with or without prepositions, may be used as adverbial expressions to modify the verb-predicate. They may be referred to the following classes, viz. : 1) Adverbial expressions of place. 2) Adverbial expressions of time. 3) Adverbial expressions of manner, means. 4) Adverbial expressions of cause. 382. Rule. — Place. I. Extent of space is expressed by the Accusative, e. g. : 'Evrev&ev e^ekavveu irapa- crdyyas ei/cocriv. Thence he marches twenty parasangs. II. The other relations of place are generally ex- pressed by the appropriate cases with prepositions, e.g.: Ev rfj ryrj apyovai AafceSac- fJLOVlOi. Airb rod Tcyp7)T0$ iiropev- Sijaav. Lacedaemonians rule on the land. They proceeded from the Tigris. [II. 550, 617: C. 439, 648 : S. 169, 172, 194, 203.] 172 SYNTAX. 383. Rvle.— Time. I. Time at which is expressed by the Dative, e. g. Tavrrj rfj rj/Jbipa ovk ifjua^i- gclto fiaatXevs. The king did not fight on that day. II. Time during which (in the course of which), by the Genitive, e. g. : Ttyverai t?}? vvkto<; %£coy TToXkrj. There is a heavy fall of snow during the night. ILL Length of time, by the Accusative, e. g. : Kvpos efjiewev fjnepas irevre. \ Cyrus remained five days. [II. 550, 591, 613 : C. 378, 420, 439 : S..168, 191, 201.] 384. Vocabulary. AeKci, ten. AcKttxos, 7j, ov y tenth. 'EvravSa, there, in that place. 'E^cVacng, coos, r), review, exami- nation. 'E^cAawco (c£ and eAawto), IXd- cra> or tAui, ryAacra, eAryAuKa, iXr'jXu/iai, ijXdSrjv, to march forth, to march. 'Verily seven. EwjAtci9, or, n m ny f having the sun, well tunned. Evctkio5, ov, well shaded, in the shade. ©epos, co5, to, sum HI KoAocrcrai, a>, at (plur.), Co- lossal, city of PhrygU. 'Oktw, fly& IlapacrayyTy?, ov, 6, parasang= about four miles. (K-Aa/oy, 7/9, ?'/, (/uard. Xci/xoV, tiii'os, 6, OTHj 385. K\ I. 1. Kvpos igeXavvei Trapa&dyyas 6tcT(i>. 2. Kvpos igeXavvei eh KoXoacrih. 8. 'E^eXavvei 7rapa, icro), to think or deem happy. "H$OfJLai, rjcr^rjcropai, yoSrjv, to be pleased with. Kpo/cd8ctXos, ov, o, crocodile. MvS, as, t;, mma=$l7. Nc'os, a, ov, young, new. HeVrc, five. ITdVos, ov, 6, labor, toil. Tpo7ro?, ov, 6, turn, disposition, character. 'Ytto {prep, with gen.), by, by the agency of, tinder. <£o/?os, ov, 6, fear. Xaipw, }(cupr)o~u), K€\dpyjKa, to rejoice, rejoice in. 388. Exercises. I. 1. "HSofjbai, ?, the Accusative, e. g. : Els Aekfyovs. To (into) Delphi. 72? fiaatXia. To a king. 4) Four, Bed, Kara, /nerd, virep, the Genitive or Accusative, e. g. : 'Tirep t?)? 'EWdBos. K TTrep ' EXkrjsirovTOV For the sake of Greece. Beyond the Hellespont. 5) Six, dfi, rjcrii), €V$6£r)ara (218), to be illustrious, famous. Mctu (prep, with accus.), after. Nav/xcL^ia, as, f) y naval battle. IIpe0-/?«9, can>, 01, PI. (Sing. poetic), ambassadors. ^aAtfyu's, Ivos, r/, Salami's, is- land on the coast of Atti- ca, celebrated for the vic- tory of the Greeks over the Persians, u. c. 480. 392. Exercises. I. 1. ITpecr/9et? irrefiTrere. 2. Avrol 7rpio-/3ei<; errefi- rrere. 3. Avrol 7T/>o? ^L'Knnrov irpea-fieis iTrifiwere. 4. Avrol rrpbs ^IXiirirov irepl eipi)vr)<; Trpicrfieis iir&fi- rrere. 5. UacBevofiev dvSpcorrovs et? aperrfv. 6. Errai- SevSr) 6 Kvpos iv Ilepcr&v vop,o^. 7. *H 7r6\t? rwv *A$r)vaLQ)V evho^rjae fjuera ryv vavpxLylav. S. 'H 7ro\t, ov, to, image. E£Soki/aos, ov, famous, illustri- ous. ~Evo-£j3aa, as, r), piety, religion. Avpa, as, r), lyre. 'Opyrj, rjs, r), passion, anger. Uavraxov, everywhere. %toyrrrj, rjs, r), Silence. QapixaKov, ov, to, medicine, rem- edy. *X.pvo~iov, ov, to, gold, piece of gold, money. ^vyf\, rjs, rj, soul, spirit, life. 178 SYNTAX. 395. Exercises. I. 1. r H fiifh] fiavla iariv. 2. f H fieBrj fiitepa fiavla early. 3. Kvpos /3ao~t\ev<; rjv. 4. Kvpo? evSoKLficora- tos ftacriXevs rjv, 5. Haawv roiv dperwv yje/icov iariv r) €vaXi]^ iariv i) rrvpl fiaaavl^o/JLev. 9. f H yXcoaaa iroXkoiV eariv air la kclkwv. 10. A6yo$ dXrj&r]? tJti^t}? TruTTris eiSaXav iemv. 11. c O 'AfjLcfricov Bia Xvpa? to &r)j3al(DV darv erel^iaev. II. 1. Philip was king. 2. Philip was king of all Macedonia. 3. Alexander was the son of this great king. 4. Who was the father of Linus ? 5. Hermes was the father of Linus. Lesson LXXXIV. Complex Adjective Predict 396. The Adjective Predicate may be modified, I. By Adverbs, e.g. : *H 686s r)V la-Hyp™? opSta. | Tl I I. By the ( lenitive, e.g. : 'O 7rapa3eto"o. 'Eyco Kvpro 7r*o"ro9 i)v. 7. Nvv vp.lv eui'ov? elpbL 8. To yt&piov yjpTip.arwv iroXKtov fiea-rbv yv. 9, 'H MatceSoviKi] hvvafii^ iroWwv ELEMENTS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES. 181 lea/ccov ia-TL fiecTTi]. 10. *Aya&ol avBpes &(j>eXifioc rals iroXeaiv. 11. f O ayaSbs tw ayaSco /\o?. 12. 01 irovnpol aXXrfkoL? opuoioi. 13. f O 81/ccuos evBaificov. 14. f H tyvxjr) rod (Tco/jLaros /cvpia eariv. II. 1. You are like your father. 2. These books will be useful to my pupils. 3. Your garden is beauti- ful. 4. My garden is full of beautiful flowers. Lesson LXXXV. Elements of Simple Sentences. — Recapitulation. 403. We have seen that the elements of the sim- ple sentence are, I. Principal Elements, viz. : 1) Subject. 2) Predicate. II. Subordinate Elements, viz. : 1) Objective Modifiers. 2) Attributive Modifiers. 404. We have also seen that these elements may stand either without qualifying words, in which case they are called simple — or with them, in which case they are called complex. 405. All subordinate elements stand as the modi- fiers of substantives (including pronouns), adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. 406. Prepositions and conjunctions are properly y 182 SYNTAX. connectives, and neither modify nor are modified, though they are used (the former always and the lat- ter often) as elements in objective or attributive ex- pressions. 407. Interjections are expressions of emotion, or mere marks of address, and have no grammatical in- fluence upon the rest of the sentence. 408. The name of a person to whom a sentence is addressed is often introduced into it, but forms no part of the sentence itself. 409. Rule. — Vocative. The name of the person or thing addressed is put in the Vocative, e. g. : Tavra Sav /jlu^co, w avBpes [II. 543: C. 442: S. 204.] I wonder at these things, Athenians. CHAPTER K COMPLEX SENTENCES. SECTION I. Complex Sentences — Unabridged. Lesson LXXXVI. Sentence as Subject or Predicate. 410. Entire sentences are often used as elements in the formation of other sentences. 411. Sentences thus formed are called complex. (See 291.) 412. A complex sentence may take an entire sen- tence in place of any one of its elements, i. e. : 1) As Subject. 2) As Predicate. 3) As Object. 4) As Attribute. Sentence as Subject or Predicate. 413. A declarative sentence may be used as the subject or as the predicate of a complex sentence, 1) Without either connective or change of form, e. g. : Ol\6yot el?, and by changing its verb, in case the leading verb is in a historical tense, to the optative, Arjkov iemv otl 7T pay fid TL i(TTLV. Arfkov rjv otl Trpayjid tl 1/ eiv. It is evident that there is some trouble. It was evident that there was some trouble. Rem. — In the first example the sentence it pay pa rl ia-riv be- comes the subject of the new sentence, and is introduced without any change of form by the connective otl : in the second example, however, it not only takes the connective, but also changes h> verb ioriv to the optative efy, because the leading verb tjv is in a past tense. 3) By changing its subject to the accusative, its verb to the infinitive, and its predicate- adjective or noun (if any) to the accusa- tive, e. g. : It is proper that the should ride the barba- rians. It is base for a judge to be unjust. Bapfiapcov "EWnvas ap- yeiv et/eo?. AXcyjpov io~Ti hucdennv a8i~ kov elvai. 414. Vocabulary. "ASikos, ovy unjust. 'A. 1 J/hx'£gj, , to aid, assist. SENTENCE AS MODIFIER OF SUBJECT. 1S5 Aeya>, Ae£(0, eXc^tx, AeAey/xcu, i\4x$7]v, ft? &ZZ, relate, say. 'On (con/.) , that. c Qs, tf/^, 7ww. Kopa^o?, ov, 17, Corinth, im- portant city in the north- ern part of the Pelopon- nesus. 415. Exercises. I. 1. f O 'Ajjl & v av \eyet$. Acgisthus commanded these wliom you ,. tion. [II. 503, 808 : C. 522, 526 : S. 150, 151.] Rem. — Hero &v, which is the object of X«'y«s, would be regu- larly in the accusative, but is assimilated to the genitive to I With TOXJTOiV. 418. The common position for the relative clause in Greek is directly after the antecedent, though one or more words are not unfrequently allowed to inter- vene. 410. The antecedent of the relative is often omit- ted, especially when it la a demonstrative, e.g.: What (that which) Iiorote 7 < ///. 'O Brj eypayjra, SrjTwi/ ijv. Rim. — Here o is the relative, and is the object of eypa^aj its omitted antecedent is the subject of Jjv. SENTENCE AS MODIFIER OF SUBJECT. 187 420. Vocabulary. : ASetjaavT05, ov, 6, Adimantus, brother of Plato. *Ev, in, at. KifjoDv, wo?, 6, Cimon, father of Miltiacles. Ai'^og, ov, 6, sometimes 17, stone, rock. MayvrJTts, iSos, 7) (106), mag- net. Mapa-^w'/, to^os, 77, Marathon, plain in Attica, celebrated for the victory of the Athe- nians over the Persians, b. c. 490. MiATiaSrig, ov, o, Miltiades, Athenian commander at Marathon. TLdpeifXL (jrapdy near, and efyu; see 2Y6), to be present. Uolos, 7rota, ttolov, what ? of what sort or hind ? UioSipos, ov, 6, iron. 'Qt^eAea), ^co), Ticra, rjKa, 77jw,at, rj^ryv, £0 benefit. 421. Exercises. I. 1. Tavra o~v Xeyecs. 2. Havre? iircuvovjiev a o~v Xiyeis. 3. Tavr iarlv a iyco vjjlcov Biofiai. 4. $l\nr- 7T09 i7TL(TT0\rjV e7T6fiyfreV. 5. *-E%6> T7;Z> €7rlaT0i\r]V 1}V €7refiyfre ^tXt7T7ro?. 6. T^i/ \lSov fjLcuyvrjrtv KcCkovcriv. 7. r H aV#o6s iarv JJXdrcov. II. 1. What are you doing? 2. I am reading the book which you gave me. 3. Miltiades, who con- quered the Persians at Marathon, was the son of Cimon. 188 SYNTAX. Lesson LXXXVIII. Sentence as Object of Predicate. 422. A sentence, whether declarative, interroga- tive, or imperative, may be used in direct quotation as the object of the predicate of a new sentence. It is then introduced without change, e. g. : Elire • Tov dvSpa opu). El7T€ • Ti 7rpaTT€i<; ; El7T€ ' rpdcfie T7]V llTldTO' \t)V. He said: "I see the man." He said: "What are you doing ? " lie said: "Write th terP 423. In indirect quotation a sentence may become the object of the predicate in a new sentence : 1) If declarative, by taking the form of the Ac- cusative with the Infinitive, or by taking oti or a)? with the finite verb, e. g. : f O aya&b? avrjp evBalficov icTTLV. Tov wyaSbv avBpa evBaifio- va dlvai rosj)erous. These said that Cyras had died. 2) If inteiirogai '< r< , either without any change, or by changing the direct interrogative word to the indirect,* as rk I * The indirect Intern in most Lnatancea formed from tho direct, by prefixing 6> ns tt^tc, bndrc; iroC, forou, fa, SENTENCE AS OBJECT OF PREDICATE. ISO ostls ; ri tooTt; irore {when f) to oirore ; 7ro0 {where f) to dVou, e. g. : Tt? ioriv 6 8i$do-fca\o<; ; Who is the teacher ? 'Epy)(TOfiaL t/? io-rcv 6 BtBd- I will ask who is the cricaXos. teacher. ^Ept](TojiaL o?Tt9 icrrlv 6 oV I will ash who is the Bdatcakos. teacher. 3) If imperative, by changing the verb to the infinitive, e. g. : Mr) ydjiei. | Do not marry. "EXeyov croc fir) yajmelv. \ Hold you not to marry. Use of Moods. 424. In regard to the use of moods in declarative sentences, introduced by otl or ©?, and in interroga- tive sentences in indirect discourse, it may be ob- served, 1) That after the leading tenses, there is no change of mood, as in the above exam- ples. 2) That after the historical tenses, the optative is generally used, though sometimes the indicative is retained, e. g. : 'Eyvcoaav ore /cevb? 6 cf>6- /3o? €L7J. They knew that the fear was groundless. Eem. — Here the indicative tjv is changed to the optative et^, because it is made dependent upon a historical tense, Zyvva-av. 425. Vocabulary. H&ttov, cs, 2 Aor. of eurco (not used), I said. *Epa>Ttta>, rj? Xiyere. 2. Elwe KXeavBpo? • 'OpSws \ij6T6. 3. Elirev 'Tfuv yyefiova? hdoato. 4. KXeav- S/)o? tco aevo(f)6)VTi Xeyei ■ M^ Troujo-ys ravra. 5. TV ^/d^ Xiyecv ; 6. 'Tufe ipcoryaco, Tl o<; irplv riva aioSkoSai tcov tto- Xepicov. 431. YOCABULAKY. 'Aptatos, ov, o, Ariaeus, com- mander under Cyrus. 'A^aptcTTos, ov, ungrateful. Aia/2aAAw (Sta and fidWo)), fiaXw, 2 A. IjffaXov, ptpXrj- kol, rjfiai, rjSrjv, to slander, accuse. 'Ekoikco) (iv and oikcoj), T^crco, iv€pK)7s, cos, 6, Tissaphcr- nes, Persian satrap. 432. Exercises. I. 1. ^EreXevT^cre Aapelos. 2. \E7rel ereXevrrjae Aa- pelos, Tco~o-a(j)€pVT]<; SiafidWei rbv Kvpov 7r/oo6v. 3. "Ottov els ivoi/cel, oiiclav KaXov/iev. 1. "Oirov iroXkol jjblav olktjo-iv c^ovac, avvoirciav KaXovfiev. 5. Upo^evos elirev, Avtos ei/ic bv f^Tet?. G. 'O avSpco- 7T09 elirev, "Eire/juyfre fie ^Apicuos. 7. 'Eirei Upo^evos elirev, on airro? elfxi bv fyrels, elirev 6 dvSpcoiros ruSe • "Eirefiyjre fie 'Apiaios. 8. Ilovrjpos eari 7ra? a^apto-ros aZ/#/3to7TO?. II. 1. "When did the Athenians conquer the Per- Bians? 2. The Athenians conquered the IV. ADVERBIAL ATTRIBUTIVE SENTENCES. 193 Marathon, when Darius was king. 3. Where there are good laws, there are good citizens. I envy the children, be- cause tliey are younger. 'Lesson XC. Adverbial Attributive Sentences. — Cause, Manner, Condition. 433. Sentences used to assign a cause or reason for an action or* event denoted by the principal verb, are called causal clauses. They are usually introduced either by a pure causal conjunction, as on, Bioti, or by eirei, iirecBj], ore, ottotc, o>9, which have reference both to cause and time, e. g. : Tovs TralSas tyj\>&> on veco- repol eld iv. 4:34:. Attributive sentences of manner sometimes take the form of a comparison, and sometimes indi- cate the manner or character of an action or event by giving its results or consequences, e. g. : r 'S2<>7rep fypovovfiev, ovrco As we think, so we speak. Xiyo/xev. Oi/TW? ayvcofjLovcos €X 6Te > ware Bta tovtcov iKirL- 435. Clauses denoting consequence or result are introduced by w9re or w?, and generally take the in- finitive mood ; though the finite verb is sometimes used, especially when the fact itself is to be made emphatic, as in the second of the above examples. Are you so senseless as to hope that by these means? &c. 104 SYNTAX. 436. Conditional sentences are of four kinds : 1) Those which assume the condition, e. g. : Ei tl ex 61 ' MSaxrW' If he has any thing, he gives it, or is giving it. Rem. — Here assuming that he has something, we affirm that he gives it. ■ 2) Those which represent the condition as a present uncertainty, i. e. as one which at the present moment may or may not be realized, e. g. : J Edv ti exp, Bcocrei. If he has any thing, he will give it. 3) Those which represent the condition as a mere possibility, i.e. as one which has not yet been realized, but may or may not be at some future time, e. g. : El ti eyoi, hiholrj dp. If lie should have any th ing, he wo uld g < I i 4) Those which represent the condition as an impossibility, i.e. as oue which has not been realized, and never can be, c. g. : If he had any thing, he would give it. If he had had any ih h would hath &® ov & v ' EX ti cax ev > cBcokcv uv. Rem.— In both unples,the condition relates to i nite time — the former to the present, the latter to the past; and is represented then as not realized. 437. In regard to the use of moods in conditional sentences, it may be observed] 1) That the condition is expressed in the ADVERBIAL ATTRIBUTIVE SENTENCES. 195 the above forms by el with the indicative, in the second by" edv with the subjunctive, in the third by el with the optative, and in the fourth by el with the indicative, the imperfect for present time and the aorist for past time. 2) That the consequence is expressed in the first and second by the indicative, sometimes by the imperative, in the third by av with the optative, and in the fourth by aV with the indicative, the imperfect for present time and the aorist for past time. 438. Vocabulary. ; ASik€co, tJctw, to do wrong, to injure. "Av (particle), denoting uncer- tainty, possibility. (See 436.) *AnaXka.yiq, t}?, y, escape, escape from. 'Ecu/ (particle), if. El, if 'E7r€iS?j, since, when. "JZpyov, ov, to, worh, deed, busi- ness, duty. "Epfjicuov, ov, to, favor, privi- lege, good luck. Qdvaros, ov, 6, death. Kat, and, also. Ovrcos (before consonants gen- erally ovto), this, so. LToAr/xa^?}?, h, having much learning, very learned. ILvkt€viAo/Aa$?js, ec, fond of learn- ing. QpoveiD, rjo-oi, to thinh, have in mind. "Os7reo, as, just as. 439. Exercises. I. 1. Xeipio-ocjx)*; rjyeicr&G), eVaSr/ AafceSat/jiovios 6(ttlv. 2. Oav/jbd&fjLev ore ol obCkoaofyoi ov rifxcovrai. 3. El &V7]rb? el, SvwTci real (ppovei. 4. El Seol elaiv, eari /cal 196 SYNTAX. epya Secov. 5. 'Eav $nr, ,shotiLI fnt, TrXovrel. lie who has these things is rich. 2) By an adjective agreeing with the antecedent of the'omitted relative. This occurs when the predicate would have been expressed by an adjective and the copula elfjui, e. g. : 9 Hcrav Kcofiat 7roWal ifki]- peis 7ro\\wv ayaS-obv. There were many villages (which were) full of many good things. 3) By a noun in apposition with the antecedent of the omitted relative. This occurs when the predicate would have been expressed by a noun and the copula elfit, e. g. : Kpoicros, 6 AvSwv ftaai- Croesus, (who was) the Icing of the Lydians, was rich. Rem. — Combining the above with article 31G 5 we have the following 443. Rule. — Modifying Nouns. A noun modifying the meaning of another noun, is put, 198 SYNTAX 1) In the same case as that noun, when it de- notes the same person or thing, e. g. : Kpoio-os, 6 fiaaTkevs. Croesus, the king. 2) In the genitive, when it denotes a different person or thing, e. g. : r O AvScov fiacrTXevs. \ The Icing of the Lydians. [II. 499, 553 : C. 331, 382 : S. 136, 173.] 'YyicuVw, vytavu), vytdva, to be well, be in health. "Qv t ovcra, ov (270), being. 444. YOCABITLAIIY. KaAois, well, nobly. MaKcSwv, ovos, 6, Macedonian. Nocrccu, rjdw, to be sick, be til. TTpo8t'8(oyu.t (irpo and o73a>/u, 268), to betray. 445. Exercises. I. 1. Alcryjpbv lent, TrpoSovvai rob? evepyeras. 2. To vyialveiv ayaSov iariv. 3. To vocrelv kclkov ioriv. 4. To vyialveiv ayaSbv eivai vofj,i£(o. 5. 'H&v iari to e^ai> XptffiaTci. G. Ov% rjBv vrdXXovs ix&povs exeiv. 7. Bap- fidpoi? BovXevaofiev ; 8. "EXXrjves ovres ftapftdpois 8ovXevo~o/j,ev ; 9. $LXi7nros, 6 Ma/ceSovcov fiaaiXevs, tsypayfre roU 'ASijvalois. 10. rf Ofinpo^ roix; TToXefH)- aavTas ivetCG)fj,iao-ev. 11. "O/jiTjpos tcaXcos Toirs 7roXcfiy- cravTas to?? fiapfidpois iveKco/JLtacrev. II. 1. Miltiades, the Athenian general, conqn 'Darius the king of the Persians. 2, We Love those who love us. 3. Let us love those who hate us. 4. It is pleasant to have friends. MODIFIERS OF PREDICATE, ABRIDGED. 199 Lesson XCII. Modifiers of Predicate, Abridged, 4:4:6. "When the subject of an infinitive sentence used as object is the same person or thing as that of the verb on which it depends, it is omitted, e. g. : ' OfioXoy w aStfcetv. \ I confess that I do wrong. Rem. — Here ddiKelu is the direct object of S/xoXoyS. Its sub- ject (fie is omitted, because it is the same person as the subject of o/ioAoycS, i. e. e'-ycoj implied in the termination of the verb. 447. When the subject of the infinitive is thus omitted, any predicate noun or adjective after the in- finitive is attracted into the nominative to agree with the subject of the principal verb, e. g. : NofjLi^co ovBev 'xeipwv elvai t&v aXXcov. I think that I am not at all worse than the others. 448. An attributive sentence of time, cause, man- ner, condition, &c, may be abridged, 1) When its subject is some person or thing mentioned in the principal clause, by dropping the subject, and generally the connective, and retaining the predicate in the form either of a participle or of a noun or adjective, with or without a>v (ovcra, 6v), in agreement with that noun in the principal clause, e. g. : Kvpos cuXXefa? arrpaTev/jLa eiroXtopKet, ttjv ttqKiv. Cyrus having collected (i. e. when he had col- lected) an army, be- sieged the city. 200 SYNTAX. Kvpos ere iraU cov irdvrcov Kpario-Tos ivofjbi^ero. Cyrus while still a boy was thought the best of all. 2) When the subject is some person or tiling not mentioned in the principal clause, by- dropping the connective and putting the subject in the genitive, and changing the verb to the participle in agreement with it. This construction is called the Geni- tive Absolute, e. g. : HepiKkkovs rjy ov/juevov, ica- ~ka epya aireZei^avro oi Afhjvaloi. While Pericles led, the Athenians exhibited no- ble deeds, 449. Rule. — Agreement of Participles. Participles, like adjectives (315), agree in get number, and case, with the nouns to which they be- long. (See examples above.) [H. 498: C. 444: S. 137.] 450. Rule. — Genitive Absolute. A noun and a participle standing grammatically independent of the rest of the sentence, are put in the Genitive Absolute. (See above example.) [H. 790: C. 638 :. S. 192.] •451. Comparisons of inequality take two different constructions : 1) The connective ?) may be used ; and then the following noun is generally in the Bttne case as the corresponding noun bef! e. g. : Met&v ely eyeb. You <(/■< toilet than I. 2) The coniicctivo may be omitted? and then the following noun is put in the genitive, MODIFIERS OF PREDICATE, ABRIDGED. 201 Mei&v ifjiov el. You are taller than 1. 452. Eule. — Comparison. The comparative degree is followed, 1) Without tf by the genitive. 2) "With tj by the case of the corresponding noun before it. (See examples above.) [H. 660: C. 351: S. 186.] 453. Vocabulary. BovXojxai, fiov\r](Toixa.i, /?e/3ov- Xrjfxai, i(3ov\rjSr)v or rj/Sov- XrjSrjv (Bepon.), to be will- ing, wish, desire. *E\ev$€po$r)v, to save, preserve. 'Yyteia, as, rj, health. 454. Exercises. I. 1. BovXo/iac aXw&eveiv. 2. r O Srjuo? ov fiovXerai avrbs BovXevecv. 3. c O Brjfjios ftovXerai, iXev&epos elvac. 4. 0eo? eariv 6 acotcov ra irdvTa. 5. Aeyercu roi/s #eou? viro tov Aios fSaaCXevecr&aL. 6. f O koXXco-tos KOO-fjLOS T<£ VIKCLV ITpklTei. 7. 'O a€VO7roi$ vyiela? ; II. 1. He thinks he is wise. 2. We think he is wise. 3. You think you are wise. 4. We think you are wise. 5. Wlrat is better than virtue ? CHAPTER m. COMPOUND SENTENCES. SECTION I. Compound Sentences — Unabridged. Lesson XCIII. Classes of Compound Sentences. 455. A compound sentence is one which consists of two or more independent, though related, sen- tences. Rem. — The sentences, thus united, may themselves be either simple, complex, or compound. 456. Compound sentences may be divided into three classes, viz. : 1) Copulative sentences ; in which two or more thoughts are presented in harmony with each other, e. g. : II pea (Severe. KarrjyopelTe. IIpeajBevere kcli tcarvyo pelre. 2) Disjuru Ltencee; in which a choice between two or more thoughts is offered, e.g.: You send ambassadors. You make aoowation* )'<>•■' a nd arribassa* d make accusation. CLASSES OF COMPOUND SENTENCES. 203 'H Xiye re , tXvcra, \i\vKa, Xe- Av/xat, k\.v$T]v, to violate, break. MeV, indeed, on the one hand; often omitted in translat- ing. Mut.9o8ott7?, ov, 6, paymaster, '07rto\9o<£iAaKc land, earth. A€o-7roTT75, ov, 6, despot, ruler, master, lord. ©aAaTTCt {or acrcra), tjs, f} s sea. Kara {prep, tcith accus.), on, 210 SYNTAX. Svftfta^o?, ov y 6, ally, auxilr iary. Tipj, t}?, t/, honor, esteem. through, by; Kara yrjv, by land. HposKvveoi (7rpos and kwc'cd), rjaw, to worship, adore. 476. Exercises. I. 1. 'EvravSa rjv irapabeicro*; fieyas. 2. 'Evrav&a rjv irapaheio~o$ tcaXos. 3. 'Evrav&a r)v irapdheiao? fiiyas teal /ca\6?. 4. Hpo%evo<; /cat Mivcov, v/xeTepoi fiev evep- yerav, r)fieTepot, Be arparrjyoL, iv fieydXrj ti/jlt) elacv. 5. OuSeva hecnroT^v irpo $ec5, e/cetz/o? efyrj 73730? avTov ' *AX)C aipercbrepov jjloI eari #ec3 &vcr(av elvai, y virb gov 8ta Ka ^ €K(i(TT7jv r)fiepav oobv avrfj Titcrovaav. No/iLO~aaa Be, a>?, el vrXeiov? rfj opviSi tepi&as irapapakoi, BU re^erai rij? rjfiepas, rovro ireirolriKev. r H Be opvis iri^ieX^ yevofievrj ovB* diral; t?/9 fffiepas re/celv rjBvvaro. 5. — Tiie Birds and the Peacock. 402. Tcov opviScov fiovko/JLevcov Troirjo-cu f3ayfCTr}s arparbv iirco-vvdycov, koI Kparr]- $€4? VTTO TCOV TToXepLLCDV, i/36(l * Mr) KT€lV€ri fl€, to CLV- 8/56?, el/cr) /cat fjLCLTrjv • ovBeva yap vfiwv direiCTeiva ■ TrXrjv yap tov 'XoKkov tovtov, ovBev aXXo ktw/jlcii. 01 Be 7rpo? clvtqv €7} Be 6 Ittttos • El $eXet? dXr]Q(x)s KaXbv elvai [xe, Ti]V tcpiSrjv TTjv Tpecpovcrav pur] iroikei. 11. — The Horse and the Stag. 498. r/ l7T7ro5 KaTeZ%e Xeipiwva /jlovos • eXSovTos B> iXd(j)ov fcal Biafy&elpovTos tt)v vopurjv, fiovXopuevos Tipbwprj- aacr&ai tov eXacfrov, r/pcoTa tlv av$pco7rov, el BvvaiTO pieT avTOv KoXdaao tov eXafyov • 6 B* ecfyrjo-ev, iav Xdflrj %aXt,v6v, Kol avTos avafifj eir avTov, e-^cov dicbvTia' crvvopLoXoyrjo-avTOS Be, clvtl tov Tip,CQpr]cracrSai } avTOS eBovXevaev tjBtj tw dv^pco7T(p. 218 greek selections. 12.— Stag. 499. "jEXa^o? Biyfrrjaas eirl 7rr)yr)V rjXSev ■ IBcov Be rrjv eavrov o~tadv, tov<; fiev 7r68a? ifjuifi^ero co? Xe7TTOv<; Kal da&eveh ovtcl? • tcl Be Kepara avTov etryvei &>? fie- ryiara teal evfiijKrj. MrjBeirco ttlcov, /cvvrjyov tcaTaXa- I36vtos, ecpevyev €7rl iroXvv Be tottov Bpaji&v Kal eh vXrjv e/i/3a?, Toh Kepacrtv ep,irXaKeh iSypevSr} • ecjyrj Be • *S2 fiaTaios eyco, o? etc fiev tcov ttoBcov ecrcb$7)v, oh e/jLep,- ? to irpoTepov. 'E/c TpLTov Be tovtov &eao~a/j,ev7], ovtcos clvtov KaTeSdpprjcrev, &)? zeal wposeX&ovcra BiaXex$?]vai. 14. — The Lion, the Ass, and the Fox. 501. Aecov teal ovos Kal uXcotttj^ Koivcoviav iroiriad- fievoi, iijrjXSov irpbs aypav. JToXX?)? ovv Brjpas avXXyj- (frSelo-T)?, TrposeTagev 6 Xecov tw ovco BieXeiv avToh * 6 Be Tpeh fieplBa? iroLrjcrdfievo^ e/c tcov icrcov, eKXe^aa&at tov- tou9 irpovTpeireTO. Kal 6 Xecov Svfico&eh, tov ovov tca- Te fieXTi'oTT), Bicupelv ovtcos iBiBa%ev ; rj Bi* elirev • *H tov ovov avfi- cpopd. JESTS. 219 II. JESTS 502. XyoXao-TUcbsoliciav 7tcoXcov,Xi$ov air avrrjs els Betyfia irepiccpepev. 503. ^^pXaariKos QeXxov elhevai, el TrpeireL avTco Koi/jLaaS-cu, KapLfivo-as isoTTrpL^ero. 501. S^oXaartKos pLoScov on 6 /copal; virep ra 8ca- Kocna err} %rj, dyopdcras /copatca els airbireipav erpetyev. 505. SxoXao-Ti/cbs els x eL ^ va vavaytov, Kal tcov crv/JLTrXeovTcov e/cdcTTov 7rept7r\eKOfiivov OTceuo? 7Tpbs to acoQfjvai,, etcelvos fiiav tcov dy/cvpcov irepLeifKe^aro. 506. AlBv/acov dSeXcpcov eh ereXevTrjcre. X%oXaari' kos ovv a7ravT7]cras rco l^covtl rjpcora • Sv airwaves, i) 6 dSeXcpos crov ; 507. 5%o\ac7Ti/fo? SeXcov rbv lttttov avrov BcSdgai {Ay rpcoyeiv ttoXXci, ov irapejBaXev avTco rpocfrds. 'Atto- Savovros 8e rod lttttov rep Xifico, eXe7e • Meya ety)fuco- $7}V • ore yap efia&e pur) rpcoyeiv, Tore direQavev. 508. H%o\ao-Tifcbs IScov GTpov&la eirl SevSpov, XdQpa vTreLseX&cbv vtpcnfkcecraTO rbv koXttov, kclL ecreie to 8ev- Spov, cos viroBe^opLevos ra, crrpovQia* 509. S^oXacTTifcbs o-%oXao~TiK(p cTvvavTr]aas eiTrev "EpiaSov ore dire^aves' Katcelvos, J A\X opas fie ere, erj. Tovs Be olfceTas opcov dXyovvTas Bca, tov kivBvvov, ecfrr}* Mr) XvTrelaSe, iXevSepa) yap u/xa?. 513. 5%o\a0T£/co? iroTapov fiovXofjLevos irepacrav dvrjXSev e? to irXmov e(j>i7nros' irvSofievov Be twos ttjv aiTiav ecprj, airovBd^ew. 514. 5^oXao-rt/co9 aTropwv Bairavrj/iaTCOv tcl f3t/3\ta avrov iirL7rpao"K€, /cat ypd(j>cov 7rpbs tov iraTepa eXeye' Xvy%aipe r)fuv, iraTep • rjBr) yap fffias tcl fiifiXia Tpe- (j>ei. 515. SxoXao-TircS (J>lXos eypa^ev, ev 'EXXdBi ovtl, fiifiXia avTw dyopdaai* tov Be dp,eXr)O"avT0S, a>?, puera Xpovov, T(p iXa> o-vvcbr). 2. 'ETTityjTovvTos twos, Twa Bel fiavSavetv tous 7ralBas' TavT, elirev, oh teal avBpes yevofievot, xpyaovrai. 3. 'EpcoTcbfievos, Bici rt fidXia-Ta irapa tow dXXovs evBaipbovovaw ol XirapTiaTai* Aiqti, e7*7re, irapa tov? aXXovs do-fcovo-iv apx^iv tc kol apxea'Sai. anecdotes. 221 Agis. 517. 1. *Ayi$, 6 AafceScu/iovicov j3aaikev<; i ecprj tovs AafceScu/jLoviovs /jltj ipcorav, ottogol elcriv, aXka irov eloiv ol 7TO\efjLlOL. 2. 'EpOOTGOVTOS TLV05, TTOGOl elalv OL AuKG- Bcll/jLoviol/'Octoi i/cavol, etwe, tovs kclkovs airepviceiv. 3. ?Ayis> o ySacrtXez;?, ev MavTLvela tcaXvo/jLevos ZiayLayo.- o~$cll tois 7to\€/jLiol$ ir\elocriv ovglv, eiTrev 'Avdy/erj 7roXXo?9 fidfteo'S-ai top apxeiv ttoXKwv /3ov\6/JLevov. Alcebiades. 518. 1. ElWOVTO? tlvos 7rpo? TOP *A\/Cl/3(,db S 7]V, Ol) 7narT€vei$ Trj iraTplhi ttjp irepl aeavTOv Kpicnv ; 'Eyco fjbev, €(f)7}, ovoe Tjj fJL7]Tpl y fiYj 7T&)? dyvo?]aaaa tijp fii\cu- vav f3a\r) ^frrjcpov ami t?;? \eu/a}?. 2. 'A/covcra? 6 'A\kl- f3id87]$, otl &dva,Tos avTov teal twp o~vp clvtco KCLTeyvco- cttcll, Ael^wfiev ovv, elirep, clvtols otl ^5)fiev teal 7rpo? AafceScu/jLoviovs Tpeyfrdfjuevo? top Aeicekikov rjyeipev eVl tou? 'A&rjvaiov? iroKefiov, Alexander. 519. 1. 'AXegavSpos, irpoTpeirofiepaiP tlpcop clvtov ihetv ra? Aapeiov QvyaTepas teal ttjv yvvcu/ca, ecfrr], Alo"xjpov tovs avSpa? PLfcrjaapTas virb yvvaacuiv f)TT(i- g&cll. 2. 'Aki^avSpo? ditovcras otl Aapelos fivpidSa? TpiaKovTa a? irapaTa^iv ayei, e(f>i], Eh fidyeipo? ov <£o- fielTcu 7roWa 7rp6f3cLTCL. Anachaksis. 520. 1. Avd^apai^ 6 $/cv$r)s ipcoTTj&els biro tlvos, t'l eaTL 7ro\i/jbiov dp&pamoLS ; AvtoL, €7}, clvtols. 2. 'OvetSc^ofAevo? vtto 'Attlkov, otl Xfcvfhr)*; iaTiv, e(f>7j' 222 GREEK SELECTIONS. \4\\' ep.ol ficv oveiBos i) irarpk, av Be t?}? iraTplBos. 3. 'EpcoTTjSeU, tl Icttiv ev dv$pcbiroL<$ drya&ov re teal 7}, ov- BeTTore dirb tov Evpcbra. 3. 2ot\ocro<£ia?, ecprj, To Bvvaa^aL irdaL ^appovv- ro)9 opuiXelv. 2. SvvLcrTavTos tlvo? avTco vlov, yTtjae irevTaicoaia<; Bpax/juds • tov Be elirovros, ToaovTov Bvva- paL dvBpdiroBov wvrjaaa^aL, lipid), ecfyrj, ical efei? Bvo. 3. 'OmSt^o/Aez/o? iroTe eirl tw 7ro\vTe\co<; %?}v, El tout, e(j)rj, cpavXov eaTLV, ov/c av ev TaU tcov ^ecov eopTals eyCyveTO. 4. AoLBopov/xevos iroTe dve^copeL • tov K cttl- Blcdkovto? elirovTos, TL cpevyeL? ; "Otl, cf>rjai, tov fiev KaKws Xeyeiv av tjjv egovaiav tr^a?, tov Bk /jljj dtcoveLV iyct). anecdotes. 223 Aristotle. 524. 1. * ApMTToreXri? epcoTrfbeh, tl Trepiyiyvercu KepSos roh TJrevSo/iivo ls/' Orav, ecfirj, Xeycocriv dXrfiseiav, fiy 7n,GTeve<7$iai. 2. 'Epcorrj^eU, tl yrjpdcrfeeL Tayy, XdpLS, e(pTj. 3. 'EpcoTrfieU, tlvl hiafykpovcriv ol ireirai- BevfievoL tcov airaihevTcov, "Oarco, etirev, ol Jawre? tcov re^VTjfeoTcov. 4. KaravoTJaas fieipataov eirl TroXvTeXela t?}? 'xXafivBos crefivvvo/jLevov, Ov iravaet,, ecprj, fieipd/CLov, eVl irpoftaTOV Bopa crefivvvofjLevos ; 5. 'ApLcrTOTeXrjs tt)? iraiBela^ ecprj ra? fiev pi^a<$ elvcu 7ri/cpd<;, yXv/cels Be TOV$ KCLpTTOVS. 6. 'Ov€(,Bl£6fJL€v6^e- voVy to? dirb fieydXr}^ TroXecos etrj, Ov tovto, ecprj, Bel GKOirelVy dXX? el' tls fieydXrjs iraTpLBos afyos eaTiv. Demades. 525. 1. ArjjJbdBri^ 6 prjTcop eTirev, otl Bl aifiaTos, ov Bid fJLeXavo? tou? vojjlovs 6 Apdiccov eypayfre. 2. Arjfid- Btjs BrjfMTjyopcov TTOTe ev 'A^tfvais, ifceivcov Be fiy iravTrj irpo^e^ovTcoVy eBe^rj clvtcov, ottco<$ eirLTpetycocriv avTco Alcrcoireiov fiv^ov elirelv. Tcov Be irpOTpeyjrafievcov, av- to? dpijdfievo? kXeye ■ AjjfnjTpa teal fteXiBcov kcll eyyeXvs tt]V avTrjv e/3dBi£ov 6B6v * yevofievcov Be clvtcov KaTa tivcl TTOTajiov, i) fiev %eXiBcov eirTrj, 7) Be eyxeXvs tcareBv • kcll TavTa elircov icncoirrjaev. 'Epofievcov B* clvtcov, Tl ovv i) ArjfiTjTpa e7rcfibev ; ecprj, Ke^oXcoTaL v/jLlv, otWe? tcl tt}$ iroXecos Trpdr/nciTa edaavTes Alacoireiov fMv^ov az/e^e<7^e. Diogenes. 52G. 1. 'EpcoTTj^els o Aioyevrjs, irov t?}? f EXXdBo<; IlBol dyaStovs avBpas, "AvBpas fiev, elirev, ovBcljaov, ttcll- 22± GREEK SELECTIONS. Bas Be ev Aa/eeBalpLovt,. 2. 'IBcov irore /leipuKLOv epv- ^pLCOV, Sdppeiy €(j)T), TOIOVTOV €7], ov /caTayeX&fjLcu. 4. Els MvvBov eX^oop /ecu ^eaadfievo? pbeydXas ras irxiXas, pu/cpav Be tt]v iroXiv, "AvBpes MvvBioc, ecjyrj, /cketa-are Ta? 7rvXas, fi7] ?] iroXis v/jlcov i^eX^rj. 5. 'AXel-dvBpov irore eiri- ardvros avrq) /ecu elirovroSy 'Eyd) elpu ' AXe%avBpo<; 6 fie- yas fiacTLkevs, Kdyd>, (prjert, Aioy'evr)S 6 kvcov. G. Avyyov \ie^s y/iepav ayjras, "Av^pcoirov, efyrj, ^rjra). 7. "Ore aXovs /ecu TrcoXovfjLevo? rjpeoTrf^T), rl olBe iroielv, direKpl- vclto, 'AvSpcbv ap'xeiv ' /ecu irpbs rov KrjpvKa, Ki)pvaae, €r], el Tt? iSeXei Beo-TroTrjV clvtw irpiao^ai. S. Moyfirj- pov twos dv^pd)7rov eTTiypdtyavTos eirl ttjv ol/ciav • Mtj- Bev ehlrco ica/cov 'O ovv Kvpios tt}<; ol/eias, er} y irov eheX^oc civ ; 9. IT/30? rov irv^ofxevov, iroia wpa Bel dpio-Tav, El fiev irXovo-ios, ecpri, orav ^eXrj, el Be Treves, b'rav eyr). 10. TlXdrcovos opiaa/xevov, "AvSpconros earc %a)ov Biirovv, a/KTepoVy /ecu evBo/ctfiovvrcx;, rlXas dXe/crpv- ova ektfvey/cev eh rrjv a^pX^v avrov, /ecu e(f)7], Ovros eariv 6 IlXdrcovos av^tpco7ro<;, Epaminondas. 527. 1. ^EirapuvdivBas eva el%e Tplficova* el Be iroTe avrbv eBcoKev els yvcKpelov, avrbs virepLevev oIkoi Bi diro- plav erepov. 2. ^EirapuvaivBas, 6 OrjftciLOS, IBcbv arpa- ToireBov pueya /ecu icciXov, arpar^jybv ov/e ex op > 'HXltcov, €7}, Srjpiov, /ecu Kecf>aX?)v ovtc e^a. Leonidas. 528. 1. AeuvlBas, 6 AafceBaifiovios, Xeyovros twos, Airb tcop 6'io~Tevp,dTG)V tcop fiapfidpeov ovBe tov rjXiov ANECDOTES. 225 ISetv gcttiv Ov/covv, ecjyrj, ^dpiev, el vtto ctkiclv avrols fjiayea-ofie^a ; 2. "A\Xov Be elirovros, UdpeLcnv €771)9 rjficov ol 7ro\efUoi • Ovkovv, e(jyrj, teal rjfieU avrcov iyyvs ; 3. Tov aep%ov ypdtyavros, IIefjLy(rov rd oirXa, dvreypa- tye • MoXcov Xdfte. Lycukgus. 529. 1. Av/covpyo? 6 AafceBaifAovtos ecStae tol»? 7ro- XtVa? KOfiav Xeycov, ore tov? fxev KaXovs rj KOfirj evirpe- Treo-repovs iroiel, rovs Be ala^povs (fyoftepcorepovs. 2. Ilpbs tov afyovvra Brjfiofcparlav ev rfj iroXei fcarao'T^- cracr^aL 6 Av/covpyos elire, $v 7rpwT09 ev rf} oIkicl gov 7roiT]aov BrjfjLOKparlav. 3. Uvv^avopuevov twos, Boa tl jjutcpas ovtco teal evreXeh era^e ra<; Sucr/a? • f/ 07ra)?, er}, fjL7)Be7T0Te TLjjL&vres to ^etov BiaXeLTrcofjuev. Pekicles. 530. 1. e O FLepiKkris, oirore fieXXoo o-rpaTrjyetv, dva\afJLf3dv(DV rrjv , )(Xa/JLvBa irpbs eavrbv eXeye, Ilpose^e, IleplfcXeis, eXev^repcov fieXXeis dpyeiv, *EXXrjva)v teal 'A^rjvalcov. 2. MeXXcov arrows vrja-Keiv 6 UepiicXri<; avrbs eavrbv e/jLa/cdpt^ev, on yu^Sei? 'A^rjvaicov fiiXav Ifidnov Be avrbv eveBvcraro. PniLir. 531. 1. $/Xi7T7ro9, 6 J AXe%dvBpov rrarrfp, eXeye, Kpelrrov elvai crrparorreBov eXd^cov, Xeovros crrparr]- yovvros, rj Xeovrcov, eXd(f)ov crrparrjyovvros. 2. QIXltt- 7ro? 'A^Tjvalovs fjLa/capL^eiv eXeyev, el tca^ e/caarov evtavrbv alpeio-^ao Bifca arparrjyovs evpia-tcovcriv • avrbs yap ev ttoXXols erecriv eva fxovov arparrjybv evprjKevai, Uapfjueviwa. 226 GREEK SELECTIONS. SOCEATES. 532. 1. r O ScoKparrj^ eXeye tovs /jlcv aXXovs dv^pco- 7tov? %r)v, Xv ea^iocev, avrov Be ia^teiv, Xva ^arrj. 2. T?}? yvvancbs el7rovo~r)<;, \4o7/ea>? dird^vrja-Ke^ • %v Be, ecprj, Bikcllcds ifiovXov ; 3. J IBcov fieipd/ciov irXovcnov kcli diralBevTov, 'IBov, e(f)7j, yjivvovv dvBpdiroBov. 4. 'Epco- TrfteU, rivcov Bel fidXiara dire^ea^av, Tcov alayjpwv teal aoiKCDV rjoovcov, ecprj. Themistocles. 533. 1. Tcov ttjv ^vyarepa pLvco/xevcov 6 QepuaTO- k\t]<; tov eineiKr) tov irXovalov irpOTi pbf)aa^, "AvBpa e?; ty)Telv 'XpTj/JLarcov Beo/xevov fidXXov i) ^rjfiaTa dvBpos. 2. QefiMTTOfcXfjs en [Aeipaiaov cov ev 7r6Yoi? i/cvXcvBeiTO • eVet Be MCkriaBiis arparTjycov evifcrjaev ev Mapcfowvt, tov? fiapj3dpov<;, ovk ere r)v evTvyelv utciktovvtc Gepa- rj. 2. IIpos to (fiXvapovv pbeipaKtov, Aid tovto, elwe, Bvo gitcl e^ofxev, CTopba Be ev, iva TrXeio) pt,ev dtcovcopLev, rjTTova Be Xeycofiev. 3. Neavi'atcov iroXXd XoXovvtos, Zi'jvcdv h'cjyr), Td wtu gov eh tijv yXcoaa-av o-vveppvrjKev. ANECDOTES. 227 MISCELLANEOUS ANECDOTES. 535. I. e H TleXlov SvydTrjp "AXfcrjoTis rjSeXTjo-ev V7T€p TOV a,VT7}S dvBpb? aTToSdVUV. 2. 'Ewel, TCOV *A$7]- vaicov opjJLCD/sivGOV eirl tov ii;oGTpafao~p,6v, av&pwiros aypdfjLfjLaTos /cal aypoiicos ocrTpaicov e'x oaTpdiccp /cal dire- Bco/cev. 3. 'Ap^lSa/ios 6 ' AyrjoriXdov, QCkiirirov pueTa Trjv ev Xaipcoveiq fid^rjv a^KXrjpoTepav avT(p iirtCToXrjV ypdtyavTos, dvTeypatyev, El p.eTpr\creis ttjv veavTov cr/aav, ovk av evpois avTrjv fiei^ova yey evrjpbevrjv rj irp\v vucav. 4. Blcov 6 aofao-Tr)? ttjv iXapyvpiav p^Tpoiro- Xiv eXeye irdarj^ Kaic'ias elvai. 5. r O vea>Tepo<; Aiovv- o~ios eXeye woXXovs Tpefeiv croc/Mcrra?, ov &avp,d%(0V eicelvovs, dXXa So exeivcov Qavp,d£ea$ai, /3ovXop,evos. 6. f O Zev%is, alTico/jLevcDv avTov tlvcov, otl fay packet PpaBews, 'OfioXoyco, elirev, ev ttqXXg) Xpov

ecv, teal yap eU ttoXvv. 7. 'IcroKpdTTjs, 6 prjTap, veaviov Ttz/o? XdXov cryoXd'Qeiv civtg) fiovXopievov, Blttovs fjT7]cre pacr- £ou?. Tov Be T7jv air lav TrvSopuevov, "Eva, e? %pr) yecopyeiv. 9. AdiccDV epcoTT}- $et?, Bia tI obTelyiGTos eo~Tiv r\ ^TrdpTTj, Mrj tyevBov, eiXo- cocpias. 11. FLiTTa/cbs dBifcrjQeU viro two? koX e%ci)V e^ovaiav avrov KoXdaav, dffiicev, eiTrwv, Svyyvco/iTj Tificopia? dfjuetvajv ■ to fiev yap rj/juepov OLKeTjj, lirMnavros aevoicpuTOVS, Aaficov, ecfyq, tovtov, fiaart- ycoaov • iyco yap opyt^ofiac. 13. TJrdKe^alov ao-i tov Adyov, KarairXovrl^ovTa tovs lXov$ avrov vTrep-^aL- peiv • eXeye Be afieivov elvai rrXovTi^eiv rj irXovTelv. 14. Hi/jlcovi&tjs eXeyev, on XaXtfo-a? fiev ttoXK&kis fierevorjo-e, G-ca)7rrjaa$ Be ovBe7rore. 15. f O SoXeov, eireiBrj eBdicpvae top iralBa TeXevTrjcravTa, 7T/309 tov ehrbvra, 'AXX ovBev dvvTeis, elire • AC avrb Be tovto Ba/cpvco, ore ovBev dvv- Tft>. 16. ^Tparoviicos BiBda-Kosv KiSapiGTas, iireiBrj ev T

rj ■ %vv Tot? Seen? B(o- Beica. 17. XapiXao? epcoTTjQeU, Bca rl toi>? vo/jlov? 6 Avfcovpyos oi/to)? oXiyovs e&rjieev, "Otl, e(fyrj, Tot? oXiya Xeyovaiv oXlycov koX voficw earl %/je/a. IV. LEGENDS Aeolus. 536. Aeyovaiv, on Al'oXos fjv tcvpievuv tcov irvevp.d- T(ov, 6'?Tt9 eBcotcev 'OBvaael roufj dvejiovs ev do~K(o. lie pi Be tovtov, a>? ov% olov re, BPjXov elvai irdaiv olfiat, JSt/co? Be, do~TpoXoyov yevofievov AioXov fypdaat, 'OBvo-ael tovs %p6vov<;, icaS ou? eirnoXal Tives dve/jiav yevrjaov- rai. $aal Be, on koX ^clXkovv Tel^o? tjj TroXei avrov LEGENDS. 229 TrepiefteflXrjTO • oirep iarl tyevBes. 'OrrXLTa^ 7a/?, &)? otjiaif el%e ttjv ttoX.lv avrov eM/ outo9 eireXd- /Sero, Kal fie'xpt tovtov Ittttois rjBero, ea)? ov ra avrov aira>k€o~e, Kal irdvra ttcoXcov KaTrivdXcocrev et? ttjv tcov L7T7rcov Tpofyrjv. 01 ovv lXoi, tov? Xinrovs dvBpocpdyov? covo/xacrav • ov yevo/xevov, irporj^^rj o p*v$os. NlOBE. 538. $atnv, ch$ Niofir) %cocra \i$o$ iyeveTO eirl Top tv/i/3co tcov 7ralBcov. "OaTis Be irei&eTai, ck XlSov yeve- c$ai av&pcoTTOV, y ij; dvBpco7rov XlSov, evr)fh)<$ eaTi. To Be dXr/Qes e-^ei coBe. Niofir], diroSavovTcov tcov eavTrfi iraiBcoVy iroLTjo-aaa eavTrj eUova Xi&lvrjv, eaTrjcrev eirl too TVfij3

9 to, biro yrjv eoopa. Tovto Be yjrevBos. To Be dXr]$es eyei coBe. AvyKeii? irpcoro^ rjp^aTo /jueTaWevecv ^aXKov, Kal dpyvpov, Kal to, Xoiird. 'Ev Be ttj fieTaXkevaeu Xiryyovs KaTa(f>epcov vtto ttjv yrjv, tow pi/ceo~3ai. 'E/jloI Be Bo/cel ovre ravpov, o$& Xttttqv, roaovrov 7re\a- 709 Biavvaai Bvvaa&ai, ovre Koprjv errl ravpov dypiov dvaftr)vai ■ 6 re Zevs, el efiovkero EvpcoTnjv eh Kprjrrjv ekSelv, evpev av avrfj erepav rropeiav KaXkiova. To Be aXrj&e? e%€t a>8e • 'Avrjp Kvcoaios, ovofiari Tavpos, eiro- \efiec rrjv Tvpiav "X&pav, reXevralov Be eic Tvpov rjpira- aev aWa? re /eopas, dWa Br) Kal rr)v rov pao-Ckea? Svyarepa Evpa>7rrjv. "EXeyov ovv ol av$pco7rot • Evpco- irrjv rr)v rov ftao-iXeo)? Tavpo<; e^cov co^ero. Tovrov B& yevoptevov, 7rpoo~ave7r\doSi} 6 fivSos. Hesperldes. 541. Aeyovcnv, on yvvalKe? rives rjaav at 'Ecnrepi- Be$. Tavrais Be r)v pLrjXa yjpvo-a eirl firfXeas, r)v £(f>v- Xao~o~e Bpd/ca>v • i a p,r)Xa ical 'Hpa/ckr}? icrrparevcraro. "E-)(ei Be r) akrj&eia &Be. "EaTrepos r)v dvrjp MiXrjcrcoSy 0? (picet, ev rfj Kapia, koI el^e Svyarepa? Bvo, at e/ca- Xovvro *Eo~7repiBes. Tovrro Be rjaav oh KaXal, Kal ev- Kapiroiy olcu Kal vvv at ev MCXr]r(p. \E7rl rovrrp Bjj ovofid^ovrac yjpvaal • KaXXiarov yap 6 ^pucro? ' rjaav Bl etceivai KaXXcarai. MrjXa Be KaXelrai ra irpoftara* direp lBa)V 6 r Hpa/e\r}s j3oo-/c6fieva irapa rfj SaXdrrr], irepieXdaa^ iveQero eh rrjv vavv, Kal rov Troi/ieva avra>v t ovofiari ApaKOvra, ehijyayev eh oIkov, ov/ceri tyvTos rod 'Earrepov, dXXa ro>v iraiB(ov avrov, "EXeyov ovv ol av&pcoTTOi* 'ESeaadfieSa ^vara fiyXa, a 'Hpa/cXi}? ijyayev cf r Eo-7r€piBcov, rov v\atca diroKreivas Apd' fcovra, Kal evSev 6 fivSos wpoaaveirXdafh), LEGENDS. 231 Gekton. 542. Tt)pvQvr\v (ftaalv, ore Tpitcea\o<; iyevero. 'ABv- vcltov Be, acofjia, rpels /cecf>a\a$ ex eiv ' *H- V ^ TOiovBe tovto. Ilokis iarlv iv tg> Ev%eiv(p ttqvtg), TpifcaprjVLa KaXovfJLevT]. *Hv Be .Tqpvovr}*; iv tois rore av&pJyirois QvofiaarTos, ttKovto* T€, teal aXkoi? Biafyepwv. El^e Be Kal fiowv dyeXrjv &aviiao~T7]V, icj> rjv ik&oov f Hpa/cX?}? avTLiroiovfievov Ti]pv6vr)v e/CTeivev. 01 Be QecbfjLevoi, Trepie\avvofieva$ ras /3o0? i^avfia^ov. JTpo9 tov$ irvv^avofxevov^ ovv ekeyov rive?' 'Hpa/cXi]? Tavras TrepirjXaaeVy ovva$ BevBpcov 7ravToBa7rcov. Tots Be a*$pa)7ro£?, ^av/xaaTa totc $ea- o~a/ievoi<;, ive^alveTo irpwTov Ta %v\a KaTayofieva. Kal €? KtSapi&v dyei ttjv vXrjv €K tov opovs. Kal i/c tovtov 6 /z,z)#o? dveifkda-^rj* Alcestis. 544. Tlepl ' AXkyicttiBos \iyeTai fivSo? TpayiKcoBr]?, 5 Brj, fieXkovTO? ttotc tov 'AB/jlt'jtov Saveiv, avTrj evXeTO 232 GREEK SELECTIONS. virep avrov Bdvarov • ical 'Hpa/cXrj? avTrjv cia rrjv evtre- fieiav afaXo/jievos, ical dvayaycov e/c rod " AiBov, aniSco- icev 'ASfjL7]T(p. 'ilW' iyevero re tolovtov. 'EireiBii Ile- Xlav dire/creLvav at Svyaripes, "A/caaTos 6 UeXiov iBicoicev avTas, teal tv Be 6 y 'ABjj,r)TO<; } e^cov ical Xo^a- yovs, vvKTcop, crvveXify&r) ^cov rjireiXei Be "AtcacrTos uTTOKTelveiv avTov. Uv&ofievr) Be r\ "AXk7i? 6 fiv&o*; (j>rjai. Kara yovv rbv icaipbv tovtov r HpafcXi]<; tjkcv dycov eK tlvcdv tottcov tcls AiofirjBovs iinrov^. Tovtov eKelae iropevo- fievov e^evcaev "ABfirjTos. 'OBvpofievov Be *ABfir)TOV ti]V avfifyophv t?}? 'AXierjaTiBos, dyavaKTTjcrdfievos r HpatcX>)<;, C7TCTL^eraL tq> 'A/cdo-Tcp, /ecu ttjv cTTpaTiciv avTov Bta- cfftetpei, ical tc\ fiev Xdcpvpa 777 avTov crTpaTta Biavefiet,, t?)v Be "AXktjo-tiv tco *ABpLT}T(p irapaBlBcoaiv. "EXeyov ovv ol dv^pwTTOi, a>5 ivTV%wv 'Hpa/cXys, e/c tov ^avaTOv eppvaaTo T7jv "AXktjo-tiv. Tovtcov yevo/ievcov, 6 /iv^o? irpoaaveTrXdcr^ rj. Sphinx. 545. lie pi t»}9 *St}- plov cyeveTo, acofia fiev ex ov ^ ? tcvvbs, KefyaXiiv Be ical irpowirov /Copt]?, TTTepvyas Be opviSos, oivi)V Be dv^pco- irov. Ka^e^o/xcvr) Be tVl Scpcyytov 6povly^, rjX^ev eh Qtffias, koX drroKTeiva^ tov ApaicovTa, rrjv tovtov fiatrCXeiav irapeXafte* pera Be kcu TTjv dBeXcfrrjv Ap&KOVTOS, y ovofia *Apfiov(a. Alcr^o- fjiivrj Be rj %(f)lyf; on koX aXXrjv eyrj/Jbe, ireiaaaa tovs ttoXXou? tcov ttoXltcov Gvvairaipeiv avrfj, /cat tcov yjp^iid- tcov to, ifXelcrra dpirdcraaa, /cat tov ttoBcokvv 'jcvva, bv ?]K€ KdSfios aycov, Xafiovcra, fieTcu tovtcov dirrjpev eh to Xeyo/nevov opo$ $iyyLov, kcu, ivTev^ev eiroXefieL Top KdBfiop. 'EveBpas Be Troiovfievrj /ca& ifcdaTrjv copav dvjjpec. KaXovav Be ol Grj^aloL ttjv eveBpav aiviyfia. , E^pvXXovv Be ol iroXiTat XeyovTes, f) S(f>ly^ ^/-ta?, aivt- yfid ti Xeyovcra, BiapTrdfa. 'Egevpelv Be to aiviyfia ovBeh BvvaTdL. KrjpvTTet, Be 6 KdBfios too diroKTevovvTC ttjv Siyya> Bcocreiv y^prjfiaTa 7roXXd. 'EX^cov ovv 6 OlBi7rovs, dvrjp Koplv^ios, Ta re aXXa 7roXe/juKc\ dya- ^0?, fyoOV LTTTTOV TToBcOKVV, KCbt TWO,? XdfioOV /JLC^ eCLVTOV tcov KaB/JLeicov, vvkto? dirioov eirl to opos, direKTUve ttjv Hfyiyya. Tovtcov ovtco a-vpbfBdvToov, 6 /-tu^o? hrertf Bev^v V. MYTHOLOGY Pkometiietjs. 546. IIpofjLrf&ev$ ef vBcltos koX 777? dv^s poonrovs irXd- cras eBcoKev clvtols kol\ irvp Xd^pa Alo<$, ev vdp^rjKi Kpv- •>|ra?. f /2? Be ya^ero Zevs, eireTa^ev ' HcfralaToo too 234 GREEK SELECTIONS. KavKaacp b'pei to acofia aurov 7rpo<;rj\7}, irplv eh ttjv o Ik lav avTov irapayevecfeai,. r O Be dwco-Tcbv, €7rio-Tpa(j)eU e^edaaTo tt]v yvvaiKa • rj Be irdXiv vireo-Tpeyfrev. Tantalus and Niobe. 548. TavraXo? fiev Aibs tjv vlos, ttKovtco Be Kai Bo^rj Btaa<™, /,'Xo? eyeveTo tcov Secov eVt ifKelov. "To-Tepov Be ttjv evTvyiav ov cpepcov dv3pco7riva)<;, fieTa- o")(a)v KOivi)^ Tpairetyis Kal 7^0-77? irapjyrjaia^ dirrjyyeXke rot? dvSpdiirois ra irapa to 19 dSavaToi*; diroppr^Ta. At t)v aiTiav Kal ^cov eKoXdcr^rj Kal Te\evTijo~a<; alutviov ti- fjLG)pia<; ?)i;Ui}$r) KaTa%$el<; el? rot)? depovo-a<;. 'EttI Be* tw 7rX?i3a tcov TeKveov fieya (j>pvaTTOfiivr) ifkeovaKL^ eKavx^To Kal «n/9 Atjtovs eav- MYTHOLOGY. 235 ttjv evre/cvoTepav dire^aivejo. ElS? t) fiev Atjtq) ^oXco- aafievT] irpo^era^e tco fiev 'AttoXXcovl KaTaro^evaac tov<; viovs tt}? NiofiTjs, tfj o° 'AprejuBi, Ta? Svyarepa?, Tov- rcov 6° viraKovadvTwv rfj jiTjTpl Kal Kara rbv avrbv Kai- pbv /eaTCLToljevo-dvTCov rd re/cva t?}? Ni6/3tj<;, avvkfir) avTTjv of eeo? dfia evreKvov /cal are/cvov yeveaSac. * Alcestis. 549. 'ABjitjtov Be fSaaiXevovTo? rwv $epwv, e&ijrev- crev ^AiroXXcav avrcp /jLVTjcrrevofievG) ttjv TleXlov Qvyarepa *A\k7](ttiv. Adxreiv eirayyeiXafievov IleXiov ttjv Svya- ripa T(Z tcara^ev^avTi dpfia Xeovrcov Kal Kairpcov, 'AttoX- Xa>v fevfa? eScotcev iicelvw. 'O Be KOfxlaa^ 7rpo? TleXlav, "AXktjcttiv Xafifidvec 'AwoXXcov Be rjTTjaaTo irapa Moc- pcov, iva, orav "AB/jltjtos fieXXy reXevTav, diroXv^fj rod Savdrov, av i/covcto)? Ti? virep avrov §VTjtyya • eZ^e 777)6?- cottov fji€v yvvaitcos, icreo~$ai tt}? Scpiyyos, r/vi/ca civ to aivtyfia \vo~coo~Cy irposiovTe? irdKKol eirei- pwvro evpelv, rl to Xeyo/xevov ecrrcv ■ eVel Be fii) evpocev, dpirdaacra eva /care/3 ifipcocr/ce ' IloWayv Be ci7ro\\vfjLevcov /cal to reXevratov Ai/jlovos tov Kpeovros, /cypvcrcrei Kpecov to3 to aiviyfia \vgovti /cal ttjv ftacrikeiav /cal ttjv Aatov Booaetv yvvai/ca. OlBiirovs Be cl/covo-as ekvaev elirtbv to acvty/jua to virb t?}? Ufayybs Xeyofzevov avSpo- irov elvai ' yevvacr&ai yap TeTpdirovv y8oe<£o? to?? Terrap- env o^ovfievov /ccokois, TeXeiovfievov Be tov dvSpcoirov elvai Biirovv, yrjpwvTa Be Tpirrjv irpoikapfidveiv ftdcriv to /3d/CTpov. r H fjiev ovv Xly^ airo t>)? d/cpoTrokecos eavrrjv epptyjrev, OlBiirovs Be /cal ttjv {3ao~i\eiay irape- kafie, /cal ttjv pjqTepa eyrjfiev dyvo&v. NOTES FABLES. PAGE /hese Fables are from a collection bearing the name of Aesop, the celebrated fabulist of antiquity, who probably lived about 600 b. c. Hq was born a slave, but, having obtained his free- dom, he entered upon a course of travel, and became distinguished as a wit and a philosopher. Many of the fables ascribed to him were probably composed by later writers. 488. I5u>v, 2 aor. act. part, of bpdw. e t° extend or raise the hand, as in vot- ing ; hence, to elect, choose. aov Pa, having ; translate who had, 442. kvv* MeAt- tcuov, Melitaean dog. The lap-dogs of Melite, now Malta, were, according to Strabo, much esteemed by the Koman ladies. SifTcAet . . . irposiralGow, lit. continued playing ; trans, teas continu- ally playing. el . . . e?x«") if at any time he took (had) his meal out of doors. eK6fxt£e, he used to bring, was wont to bring ; im- perfect to express customary action. abr$, for him, i. e. the dog. (n\pa, in the season of winter, or simply in the winter, 383. fivpfivKas . . . -rpotfw, 357: II. 553: C. 435, 436: S. 165. "What is the direct object of tlirov? Sec 422. rb dfpos, during the summer, 383. 6 8e, but he, i. e. the cicada. yt\d- (ravTcs elirov, lit. having laughed, said; trans, laughed and said. 'AAA*, see note on this word in 489. With x^^vos supply wpais. «i . . . nti\eis, if you piped; the indicative to denote a real case, 436. 497. Kpfonv, barley, still much used in the East as food for horses. k\4ittuv . . . ttwAuv, participles denoting time, while he was stealing and sclliyig, 448. irdaas rjutpus, lit. all day* : every day, 383. tV rpifyovaav, lit. the supporting ; trans, w hi c h supports me, All. 498. lhb6vTos, 2 aor. part, of tpxo^ai. The participle denotes time relative to the principal verb; if the participle If present, its time is the same as that of the verb ; but if it is past, it denotes time past with reference to that verb. Here f\&6vros is past with FABLES. 239 PAGE reference to ypdra, which is itself past ; hence the participle has 217 the force of the pluperfect, when the stag had come: Sicub&elpovros, on the contrary, being present, denotes the same time as r\p&ra ; hence translate was destroying. el hvvairo, if or whether, he (the man) would be able. fier avrov, with him, the horse. ZcpTjcrev, aor. of y . . . ultras, as being, i. e. because they were. After 218 us . . . evfxriKT), supply oura, from ovras, above. iruav, 2 aor. part, of irivu. naraXafiovros, from Kara\ajxfidvu.-~ ~ — dpa/xuy, 2 aor. part, of rp^x 03 i fyfids of i/xfiaivu ; ifxir\aKeis, 2 aor. pass. part. of €fxir\4Kco (iv and 7rAe««, 240) ; the first and second denoting time, the third means, when he had ran and had entered, &c. ; he was caught by having become entangled. 'n . . . iyw, nominative used in exclamations. H. 541 : C. 343. 4k, lit. from, here by means of. irpoe$6dr}v, 1 aor. pass, of irpoSlSw/jii, to betray. 500. fiiKpov, used adverbially, almost. airo&avetv, 2 aor. infin. of airobtrrjo-Kw ; for government, see 435. e/c rpirov, lit. from the third (time) ; trans, the third time. avrov depends upon Kare- Sdppw from the preceding question. 24:0 NOTES. JESTS. These Jests or Witticisms are from a work ascribed to Hicro- cles, a philosopher and wit who flourished at Alexandria, in the fifth century of our era. 219 502. 2xoA.o(Ttjkos, properly a scholar, a philosopher, then one who makes pretension to learning, a pedant. The object of Iliero- cles in these jests is to ridicule such pretensions. This word may generally be translated pedant, though in some instances simpleton will accord better with the context. oliciav ttu\uv, selling a house, or having a house to sell. els Sery/xa, for a sample. irepicpepcv, imperfect to denote customary action, used to carry about. 503. elSevat, 2 perf. infin. of cpdw, I see; 2 perf. oTda, I have scetif hence / know. Synopsis as follows: Indie. oUa, Subj. tlSu, Opt. tiSeiTiv, Imp. lofti, Infin. etSeVat, Part. elSws. isoirrpiC^To, imperf. mid. without the augment. 504. /xa&uv, 2 aor. part, of (xavSavw. £/, pres. indie, act. 3d sing, of £, irregular contraction, for £o. 605. tls xet/uwpa vavaywv, being shipwrecked in a storm; lit. into a storm: the Greek involves the idea of coming into the storm, j. e. of being caught in it. irpbs to au^TJvai, lit. to the to be saved; render for safety, or to save himself. 506. rq> £wvti, the one who was still alive ; supply a$(\i>, 2 aor. act. part, of vireisfpxonai. vtpair\u»- o-oto; observe the omission of the temporal augment. rbv k6k- ttov, the bosom, lap ; here the lap or folds of his robe. ws i/iro- Zetfixeuos; d>s with fut. part, denotes purpose or intention; rondel with the intention of catching, or simply to catch. 509. What is the direct object of Zuc&ov'! 423. na.Keivos, by crasis for not itceiuos. After 6 aKoKaarinds supply £tj. u eiTTwv fxoi, he who told MM, 442. tto\\u\ by much, or much. With comparatives the measure of difference is often expressed by the dative. II. 610: C. 419: S. 197: N. 3. aov, I 610. "n/jLoaev, from oixuvpu. vSuros, 346. 611. Ka&" for kot«. 'O 5e, supply tyrj. 'Svyyvo&i, 2 aor. imp. of avyyiyv&ffKU) {avv and yiyvue. rpecpei, why singular? 326. 515. eV 'EAAoSt oi/Tt, w/*o was in Greece, 442. rod . . . dyueA^- caj/Toy, 448. avvdxp&r), 1 aor. pass, of o-i/popow; the agent is t£ 4>fo.y, the dative instead of the genitive with vv6 } 386, III. zirecTTetAas, from cwrocTeAActf. ANECDOTES. These Anecdotes of eminent men in antiquity are mainly from the works of Diogenes Laertius and Plutarch ; a few are from Stobaeus and Aelian. 516. y Ayr)at\aos, celebrated Spartan king. Savdrov, 346. Karacppovncras, having despised; render by having disregarded; this answers the question ir$>s, 448. 2. Tavr, supply Set /xavStd- veiv. oh, dat. of means with xpvo~ovrat, render like direct object which they will use. 3. Sia ri ixd\io~Ta, for what reason espe- cially. 517. 2. airepmeiv depends upon Itcavol. H. 161 : C. 620 : S. 221 219. 3. MavTiveia, city in Arcadia, famed for the victory of Epaminondas over the Spartans, 362 b. c, and that of Agis over the Argives, 418 b. c. kuXvo^vos, being restrained (by others). rov . . . jSouA 6/xevuv is the subject of/uaxeo"dcu, 413, 3). H. 11Z : C. 626 : S. 158. 518. 'A\Ktfiid8r)v, an Athenian general and demagogue, of rare talents, but of unprincipled character. He refused to obey the summons of his country when ordered home from Sicily on a charge of sacrilege. Sentence of death was accordingly pro- nounced against him in his absence. 'Eyu, supply verb from mo-reveis above, I would not commit the decision even to my mother. • fi4\aivav \pTJ(pov ; the black pebble was used in voting for con- demnation ; the white, for acquittal. 2. icareyvwo-Tai, perf. pass, of KaraytyvuaKa}, with augment in place of reduplication. Aei^w/j.eu, let us show. AexeAiKbj/ . . . ir6\efj.ov; the latter part of the Peloponnesian war is so called from the town of Decelea in Attica, where, at the suggestion of Alcibiades, the Lacedaemo- nians, in the spring of 413 B.C., established a permanent encamp- ment. 242 NOTES. PAGE 221 619. tovs 6,-dpas viKfoavras, those who have conquered men; tivZpas, object of vDcfiaavras. 520. 'Avaxopo-iy, a Scythian of noble family, who visited Athens, in the time of Solon, to acquire wisdom. Avroi, supply toAc* fiioi clffiv. 2. supply i^ovaiay 223 624. jut) iriartvea&cu is subject of irepiyiyveTcu, understood: this is the Keptios which they receive. 2. Xdpts, supply yrjpdcrKfi. 3. "Oo-cp'j see note omroAAy, 509. Ot CwvTey, supply 5ia. 6 kvwv, a name often given to Dio- genes from his habits of life. 6. fiefr T\p.ipav, by day ; peS* for /xerd. 7. oAous, 2aor.part. of oAiCKOjuot. &px*w, supply ol5a. K-hpvKct, the crier at the auction. 8. ds'trw, imperat. 3 sing. of tlsetfit (els and elfju, to go) ; elfxt (to go) is irregular. Synopsis of the Present is as follows: Ind. el/xi, Subj. fo, Opt. lolrjv, Imp. tbt, Inf. Uvat, Part. \&v. 10. TlXaruvos dptaafievov, when Plato had given the definition, teal evdoKifxavvros, and teas making a reputation by it. ri\as, from ri\\u. eU-)]i/eyKei>, from cls. 528. 'Air^, lit. from; render on account of tariv, is possi- 224 ble; what is its subject? 2. tjixuv depends upon iyyvs, — 7]fie?s, supply Trdpea-jkLcy. avriypatye. This was during his mem- orable defence of Thermopylae, 480 b. c. MoA(W Act£e, having come take; render come and take (them). /j.o\wv, 2 aor. part. See efio\ov, under t3\uxrKa>. 529. cfoio-e, 1 aor. of i&ifa, augment u for t). 3. "Oirus . . . 225 8ia\e'nrnep, that we may never cease honoring, &c. Supply the leading clause. 530. oTroTe fjLtWoi, whenever he was about, &c. : the opt. here, as often, is used of repeated action. Ilpo'sex*, supply rbv vovv, attend, take heed. 'EWrivav nal 'A&i^aiW, in apposition with iKeu&fpwv, 443. 2. jxeXav l/xdriov, i. e. in mourning. 531. XeovTos ffrparriyovvTos, lit. a lion being general; render with a lion for its general. o€k« x*iv, 2 aor. infin. ofirrvyxd- VW' to MiXriddov rpoiraiov, the trophy of Miltiades in commem- 2i4 NOTES. PAGE 226 oration of the victory. 3. 'AxiAAci/y . . . "Owpos, the former the hero of the Iliad, the latter its author. 'OXvpnriao-ip, the Olym- pic games, celebrated at Olympia in Elis once in four years. An Olympic victory was one of the highest honors which a Greek could attain. 4. 6 5e, he, Themistocles. 534. E'lfxapro, plup. pass, of pupo/iai, with the force of imperf. used impers. it was fated. tiaprjvai, 2 aor. pass, of tiepu, sc. c7- ixapr6 ^M. ecptf agrees with 'S.rparoviKos. 2uy toIs Seols in- volves a pun, as it may mean either with the blessing of the gods, as his hearer would understand it, or with (i.e. including) the gods (the nine Muses and the Apollo), as he intended it. 5w5e/cet, sup- ply jua&TjTas ex w " ^' ^yovatv, part. dat. pi. LEGENDS, These Legends are from an ancient work entitled Tlepl 'Kirt- arwv 'laropiwv, whose object was to show that many of the Grecian legends were historical fictions, having indeed a basis of fact, but being in all their details fabrications of poets and fabulists. This general view of mythological stories is perhaps correct, though the particular explanations here given may not be worthy of much confidence. The work is ascribed to Palaephatus, of whom little is known : he probably lived in the fourth century before Christ. 536. 'OSuo-o-e?, one of the most celebrated of the Grecian 228 heroes at Troy. His wanderings form the subject of the Odessey of Homer. aavcy, a leathern bag ; according to Homer, made of the skin of an ox nine years old. us ouk otovre, lit. that (this is) not (such) as (to be); render that this is not possible. ry . . . avrov, his city, i. e. Lipara, on the island of the same name in the Aeolian group. 7repie/3ej8A?7To, from TreptfSaWu. 537. aAr^eta, sc. iarbf. 5?8e, this, i. e. as follows. are 229 . . . ipya(ofMevwv, as tilling; render since they tilled. liriroTpo- .-——irposaveir\dTwv, from cru/ij8atW. MYTHOLOGY. After seeing the above attempts of Palaephatus to explain the legends of the Greek Mythology, the pupil will perhaps be inter- ested in a few extracts from the Mythology itself. The extracts here given are from the mythologist Apollodorus, who lived in the second century b. c, and the historian Diodorus Siculus, in the first century b. c. 546. vKdaas eScoicev = efl-Aacre ko.1 ZSaicev, fashioned and gave. 233 \d&pa Aios, without tlte knowledge of Zeus: Ai6s depends upon \ddpa, which, with the force of a preposition, sometimes gov- erns the genitive. vdpfrnni, a reed; Giant Fennel, still used by the Greeks for tapers, is meant. rj'j&ero, from ala-^duo/nai. e'Se'SeTo, from 8e». av^avofievuv, which grew, 442. irvpbs K\a- itivros SUnu, lit. penalty of the fire stolen; render penalty for hav- ing stolen fire. 547. Srixfela-ris, from 5o/cj/o>. eWAtiov, sc. 5u/xa, depending 234 upon ets and governing "Ai5ou,into the abode of Hades. yireVx*- ro, from viriaKveoiiai. &v=idv. imarpaipy, 2 aor. pass, with force of mid. from iirio-rpecpw. irptv, 430, 2). 548. 'Actios depends upon ttjv Tlaj', from juerexw. rpaireQris, 346. to . . . airSp^Tj- ra, lit. the among the gods secrets, i. e. the secrets of the gods. Korox^ets, from Kardyaf, brought down, doomed. ras Xaas, the equal, i. e. in number ; render the same number of daughters. Eld=elra. 'AprtfiiSi, supply 7rpos€To|€. frvyarepas, supply 248 NOTES. PAGB KaraTohvffai. roinuv viraKovadvruv, when these (Apollo and Diana) had obeyed. ovvi$r\, from avix^alvu. See 538. 235 549. Qepwv, 346. rtp Kara^v^atni, to the having yoked ; ren- der to the one who would yoke. &v, if. tkifrai, from alptw. 7) rov S>vi}aKtiv Tjfifpa, lit. the of the to die day ; render the day of death. i) K6prj, Proserpina, the goddess of the lower world. She was worshipped in Attica as y Ko/n;, the Maiden or the Daugh- ter, i. e. of Ceres. See 544. 650. Popdv, as food, in apposition with bvyarepa. iraauv de- pends upon Kpda-ffuv, 451. aureus (rvvopyia&us, having become angry along with them, i. e. sympathizing with them, as Poseidon would be likely to with his Nereids. "A/xjxuvos, Jupiter Ammon the god of the Libyans. avayKaa&eis, from avayKd£a>. tovto, this, i. e. the act contemplated in the oracle ; it depends upon e7rpa|e, below. ipaa&els, 1 aor. pass. part, of ipdw, with the active signification. avT-fjv, her (Andromeda). craSuaav, when rescued. yvvdiica, as a wife. £ir\ tovtois, on these terms. vwoffTds, from vcpiaT-nfii. 230 551. QiKeiov vpos ; see note on Ziv, ovos, 6, Agamemnon, commander of Grecian forces at Troy, 244. ayavaKTcca, -hero, to be displeased, be angry. ayyeWv, ayyeXw, tfyyeiXa, ^yyeA.- Kx, tfyyeX/j-ai, yyyehS-nv, to an- nounce, bring tidings, bear a message. ayyeAos, ov, 6, messenger. ayelpu), epco, ijyeipa, iiyepSrrjv, to collect, bring together. ayeXri, -qs, rj, herd, drove of cat- tle. 'A77j, aao/xat, yaa, rjo~/xat, yo-&T)v, to sing. atifxvt)(TTos, ov, memorable, not to be forgotten. deT^?, ov, 6, eagle. addvaTos (a, Sdvaros), ov, immor tal. 'A^rivat, 5>v, at (plur.), Athens, city of Athens. 'Adrjvalos ('A^vai), o, ov, Athe- 250 GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. nian ; 'ASyvalos, ov, 6, an Athe- nian. adpoifa, (TO), (T/xai, , 2 aor. d\ov, t)ko, fifxai, edrjv, to take, capture ; Mid. choose, elect. alafbdvofiai ; ala&r)aofiai, f t o~brjfxat (dep.), to perceive, ascertain. alaxp6s, d, ov, shameful, base, ugly, hideous. Aladireios, a, ov, Aesopic, of or like Aesop, 625. atTf'c«?, i)aa>, to ask, beg, demand. ulria, as, 77, cause, reason. alrtaofiai, d(ro/xai (dep.), to blame, accuse, charge. al'&vlos, ia, lov (also with two end- ings los, lov), lasting, perpetual "Akuo-tos, ov, 6, Acastus, son of Pc- lias, 544. anSvTlov, ov, t6, javelin, spear, dart. CLKovu, aKuvao/jLat, tJkovo-o, V. oktj- koo, ijKovafiat, ijKovadrjv, to hear, Heten to. a.Kp6iro\ts, fus, r), citadel, acropo- lis. a\yii», i)(Tu), to grieve, 1>" pained. k\(HTpvuv, 6vts, 6 or i), cock, hen. 'AX^avdpos, ov, 6, Alexander, sur- named the Great, of Macedon. a\r)deia (a\r)Sr)s), as, 77, truth. a\7)Seva>, cvau, to speak the truth. 0X77^779, e?, true, certain. a\T)bus (a\ 77^77$), truly. a\iaKO{iai (defect, pass.); oAc£7n)£, ckos, 77, fox. a/ia, together, together with, at the same time. 'A/xd&vis, idos, t), Amazon. a/ia^7?s, is, ignorant, unlearned. ajxabia, as, i), ignoranee. a/ieivuv (comp. of aya&6s), ov, bet- ter. a/i€\e&>, 7j(ra>, to neglect. "Ap-fiM, uvos, ), avdKr]- ipoficu, aveAdfiov, avei\r] {avd, ?rAacrcra>), -ttX&o-u, a-fiaiy a&i)v, to form, fashion, in- vent. avapi&/j.T]TO'>, ov, countless. avareivw {avd, Tfivu), -rev£), avi- reiva, -reraKa, -TtTafxai, avera- frr)v, to lift up, raise. avacpepu {avd, to bear back or up, to carry up or back. 'Avdxapa-is, tSos, 6, Anacharsis, Scythian philosopher. &vax<*>p*ci> {avd, ^wpe'co), T\au, to go back or away, to depart. avZpditoZov, ov, to, slave. avdpelos, a, ov, brave, manly. 'Avtipo/xeda, 7js, i), Andromeda, daughter of Cephcus, 550. avdpocpdyos, ov, feeding upon man, cannibal, eating human flesh, man-eating. 8.ve/j.os, ov, 5, wind. avepxofxai {avd, ipxopiai), aveXcvao- /uot or avei/xi, avi)\bov, ave\r)\v- ba, to go up or upon, to mount. &v€v (with gen.), without. aj/e'xw {avd, €X«)> -e|eo, -iaxov, -eVxTj/ca, -caxVfta- 1 , -eo'X e ' *° raise up, mid. endure, put up with. ave^ios, ov, 6, cousin. aur,p, avdpos, 6, man. avbos, eos, t6, flower. avdpwTTivos {av&pwiros), T), ov, hu- man. avSpcjTtivws {avhpwTTivoi), humanly, as man ought. livdpaTros, ov, 6 or fj, man, woman. Bj/iaTTj.ui (avd, 'lar-ruii), see 2G8 and 269, to set up, raise up, mid, to get up from seat, bed, &c. avorjros, ov, thoughtless, stupid, ig- norant. avop&ow {avd, op&ow), c6, to re- store, repair. 'AvTa\Ki5as, ov, 6, Antalcidas, dis- tinguished Spartan. avTi (prep, with gen.), against, in- stead of. avTtypacpco {avr'i, ypdcpa), see ypd- {a£ios), (ixru, to think wor- thy {whether of reward or pun- ishment), ask, demand. airayyiWu {air6, from, back, ayye\- Aa>), see 248, to bring or carry tidings back, report. &7rcu5euTos, ov, ignorant, uneduca- ted. airaipa) {airo, alpec) pa, airripa, airrip- Ka, airijpfAut, aTrt)p&wv, to take away, destroy ; to withdraw, de- part. airaWdyf], r)s, t), release. airaWdaau {airo, aWdcrcru), o£a>, a£a, ox«, ay/xai, dx^Tjv, to re- lease. airavTaa) {airo, avrdai), i\a, to meet a7ro|, once. a-rreiAea), 7](tq), to threaten. a-rrei/jLi {air6, clfii, to go), aireiaofxai, see eljui, to go away. airepvKu (otto, ipvnw), £«, to ward off. aTrc'xw {airo, Ix^), see %x a i to hold from, mid. to obtain from. a->ri {dirio-ros), 7jo-«, to disbe- lieve. &7rj(rTos, ov, incredible. 252 GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. aird (prep, with gen.), from, after, In consequence of. ziroBeiicvvfu (air6, Se'iKvvpn), 6CC 268 and 269, to show forth, mid. to show or express as one's own. airoSiSwfu (air6, 5i8w/xt), see 268, to give back,, restore. airO&VT], curcKplva, aironeKpiKa, l/xat, i&rjv, to separate, mid. to answer. airoKTtivco (air6, KTeivai), See tcrel- vw, to slay, kill. otTroAoucrts, €(ds, r), enjoyment. airoWv/xi, airo\4(r or a7roAa>, airw- Xeo-a, airoAd>\€Ka, to destroy, mid. to perish. 'AiroWwv, uvos, b, Apollo, god of prophecy. airoKvu (ano, \vw), see \vu, to re- lease. airofxav^dvu (air6, pLavbdvoo), see Hav&dvw, to unlearn. an6ireipa, as, r), trial, experiment. airopeu, 7)003, to be in want, be at a loss for. awopia, as, 7), difficulty, want, em- barrassment. b.w6pf>r}Tos, ov, not to be told, se- cret. aTroffTcWw, c\u>, ttTreVreiAa, ane- oraKica, air e arahfiai, airco-TaAnv, to send. uTrocTTcptu (air6, CTepew), r^ffoi, to deprive of, take from. airo= DOnne expects answer yes; 3po /iTj = num cjrprcts aiisinr no. apyvplov, ov, to, silver, silver coin. Apyvpos, ov, b, silver. apSci/eo, «uo"a\ to water. apcTT), 77s, ?/, manhood, virtue, ex- cellence, valor. aptyu), fa, fa to help, aid, suc- cor. 'Apmior, ov, 6, Ariaeus, commander under Cyrus. apiS/j.6s, ov, 6, number. apioTaw, t}X«, o>|o>, r)p$a, r)p X a, r)pyuat, ijpX^rjv, to rule, command; to begin. $Lpx<*v, ovtos, b, archon, ruler. acrtfOis, is. impious. avb(vi)s, (s, weak, feeble. 'Aaia, as, 77, Asia, 548. a, i)au, to practise. y AaK\7]irl6s, ov, b, Aesculapius, god of medicine, 321. a Alheiiian. avkfw, i)o~w, tO pipe. ai'tdvw, aii£r)aw, 7}t>ln(ra, T7t>£77Ker, GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 253 tjfiouj fay** to enlarge, to in- crease, mid. to grow. avpiov, to-morrow, on the morrow. outos, 77, 0, self, he, she, it ; 6 av- tos, the same. avrovpyos, ov, 6, laborer, worker, ODe who works with his own hands. avXtv, r)au), to boast. acpaipew (otto, alpew), see alpew, to take away, release. atp'tym, dip-haw, d^et/ca, to release, send away. aupiKveofjLai, a, i<*o> (t«), i V, priestess of Bacchus, Bacchante. $aAAu, $aAu, 2 aor. e$aAov, $4$Ar}- Ka, $e$Ar)/xai, f&Arid-nv, to throw, hurl, cast. $dp$dpos, ov, 6, barbarian, applied to all who were not Greeks, ftaaavifa, iva or lu, to test, try. $dolAeia, as, 7% kingdom. PdalAeia, as, 77, queen. fiaatAeiov, ov, to (common in plur.), palace, royal palace. $d<7lAevs, ews, 6, king. 12 fZaaXAtvw, ei5o-a>, to be king, reign, rule. $dais, 6o?s, 77, basis, support, foot. &4$aios, a, ov, firm, trusty. $i$Aiov, ov, to, book, little book. $i$Aus, ov, 77, book. fiios, ov, 6, life, period of life. BtW, wvos, 6, Bion, Greek philoso- pher and sophist, 535. $AdnT(i3, ypca, \pa, (pa, fx/xai, (pfrrjv, to hurt, injure. $A4ttw, i\ib), \pa, , fioAov/nai, 2 aor. e/xoAov, p.en$A'j>ica, to go, come. $odo), iio-u}, to shout, cry aloud. $ot]^4bi, 7}o-o>, to assist, run to the assistance of. Boiuros, ov, 6, Boeotian, citizen of Boeotia. $opd, as, 7% food. $6aKu, $ocn, to beget, bring forth, bear. ye(pvpa, as, 7% bridge. yiw/jieTpijs, ov, 6, geometer, geome- trician. yeco/ierpia, as, 7], geometry. 254: GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. ytwpylw, -haw, to till, to cultivate the soil. yewpyds, ov, 6, husbandman, tiller of the soil. yy, yys, V, earth, land. yrjpdaKw, daw, to grow old, become old. yrjpdw, daw, to grow old. Tr)pv6i>T)<> } ov, 0, Geryon, 542. yiyvopai, y€Vf)ao/j.ai, yeyevrj/jiai, 2 aor. 4y€v6/j.T]v, 2 perf. ytyova, to become, come, spring from, be, be made. yvyvwanw, yvwao/xat, tyvwxa, iyvw- ff/j.ai, iyvwa&rjv, 2 aor - * n d. e- yvuv, sub. yvw, opt. yvoirjv, imp. yvwSi, infin. yvwvai, part. yvovs, to know, think. y\vKvs, e7a, v, sweet, agreeable. yXuaaa (or yKwTTo), ns, 7% tongue. yvatyeiov, ov, t6, fuller's shop. yvwfiv, vs, t), opinion. youevs, €o>s, 0, father, ^>Z. parents. yovu, therefore, now, certainly, in- deed. ypd, Scnaw, iStrjaa, ScoevKa, SeSt'rj- fiai, eoeridTjv, to need, lack, mid. to ask, entreat, need, lack, often impers. Sti, Schaei, &c, it is ne- cessary, there is need, &c. 877, indeed, in truth. 8fj\os, 77, ov, evident, plain. Sr)\6w, wow, to show, make plain. Arjudoys, ov, 6, Demadcs, Athenian orator. S7]/ir)yop(w, yaw, to harangue, ad- dress the people. A7)/j.rjTpa, as, 77, Demcter, Ceres. Sw/xoKpaTia, as, 77, democracy. SrifjLos, ov, 6, the people. Sid (prep, with gen. or nee.), through, by means of, beGMM of, on account of. StafidWw (Sid, fidAAw), see /3aAXo>, to slander, accuse. SiabriKT), 77s, i], will, testament. Siaiptw (Sid, alpew), sec ulptw, to take apart, to divide. SianSoloi, ai, a, two hundred. Sia\eyw (Sid, \4yw), to com speak with. SiaAelirw (Sid, Xe'iirw), SCO Xtiirw, to leave off, cease. Sia/xaxo/Jiai (Sid, /xdxopiai), to fight with. Siavtixw (Sid, ve^iw), to divide, dis- tribute. Siaivw (Sid, avvw), vaw, vaa, vKa y to ICCOmpUfh, iini.-h, to cross. Stap*d(w (Sid, a^TrdCw), lo carry olV, plunder, tear in pieces. Siaa-naw (Std, awdw), daw, aoa, ana, aa/xai, atrdrjj/, to tear in p.< 5iaTcA('a> (5m, TfAtai), (aw, coo, €ko, ta/xai, ioSi)v, to continue. GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 255 iiarpf0(a (5tc£, rplPw), to pass the time. Siacpepca (8id, (piped), to differ, to surpass. Siacp&eipa) (did, (p&elpw), epu>, cipa, apita, ap/xai, o.pt\v, to destroy. 8i8ao~Kd\e7ot/, ov, t6, school. 8i8do-Kca, dl-a>, o|a, a^a, ayjxcu, cix^fj to teach. 8i8i>fios t t], ov, double, twin. dida/jLi, 5o>o*&>, eScotfct, 8e5co/ca, 8e- So^uat, £86frnv, to give, present. 8r/ca^a>, aVa>, oca, a/tai, c&t]v, to judge, decide. 8iKaios, a, op, just, fair. SiKaiios (8'iko.ios), justly. 8ucao-Ti)s, oO, 6, juror, dicast. 5i/c?7, 77s, 77, right, justice, penalty. Aio7eV7?s, eos, 6, Diogenes, *Ae Aio^Srjs, cos, 6, Diomede, 77ira- ciarc king. Aiovvalos, ov, 6, Dionysius, king of Syracuse. Ai6vvo~os, ov, 6, Dionysus, Bacchus, god of wine. 8i6ti, because, since. 8'nrovs, 8iiro8os, two-footed, having two feet. 81 s, twice. h* itt 6s, r), 6v, double, two-fold. 8n//aa>, r)o~a), to thirst. Siwku, £a>, £a, aor. pass. 48ici>x^V^ to pursue, seek. 8oKea>, 8o|a>, e8o£a, 8e8oyficu, i86- X^Wi to think, to seem ; impers. SoKe?, &c, it seems, seems good, &c. SoKt/xdfa, dcrco, to prove, test, try. 8o\6w, (ti, €u, to serve, be slave or servant. SovXos, ov, 6, slave, servant. 8ov\6a, a>o~ca, to enslave. Ap&Kav, ovtos, 6, Draco, 525, 511. SpoiKajy, ovtos, 6, dragon. SpaxjJ-r), vs, 'hi drachma, coin worth 17 cents. Svvdfiat, dvy/jcro/xai, 8e8vv7]fxeu, ib*v- vhfrqv or Ti8vv!\frt)v (this verb of- ten takes 77 instead of e for its augment), to be able. 8vpdfiis, ecos, ri, force, power. SvvaffTevco, cv, 4/xov, I; tyaye, I for my part, I indeed. i&eKco, 4\, /Aa, 'iv, one. €ts (prep, with accus.), to, into, for, upon. cUeiiu (els, e?fct), see el/xi, to enter, go in. clsepxo/J.at (els, epxofiai), to come into, enter. elstyepa (ets, , £a, ifc'iKoxa, i^i\ey/j.ai } i&\4x&r)v, to select, choose. eKOvaios, a, ov, voluntary. eKovoias, voluntarily, willingly. "Ektwp, opos, 6, Hector, celebrated Trojan leader. ck&v, ovffa, oV, willing. e\a (iv, ir\(Kw), W0 MO, to entangle. Hfirrpoff^ev, before ; d tfiirpoirdcv, the former. (fi(paivu (iv, xr]Ka, 2 aor. -irvxov, to meet, fall in with ; to happen to come. c£, six. i\an4a (iK, alr4u), faa, to ask from, demand. i£eAavva (iK, i\avvu), -e\a, -r)\affa, -e\i)\a.Ka, -e\r)\dnai, -y\a*h)v, to march forth, to match. itepxo/xai (iK, 4pxofxai), see tp X o- fxat, to go or come out. i^iraffis, e«s, y, review. i£evplo~Kv (iK, evplo~Kw), to find out, solve. iiyyyrys, ov, 6, teacher, expound- er. i^offrpaKta , fi6s, ov, 6, ostracism, voting by ostracism, banishment by ostracism. i£ovaia, as, y, right, authority, power. £{«, out of doors. loprr), ys, y, feast. iirayytWu (iiri, ayyiWw), to an- nounce. irraivia (iirt, alvta), 4o~a, iirt/vca'a, in/jUfKa, yfiai, i&yv, to praise. firaivos, ov, 6, prai>e. *Eirauivwvtas, ov, 6, Epainin Tin hun a in ritl . iirapKta (itrl, dpK(a), 4cra, iirfjp- Ktaa, «ko, to mist, defend. iirti, when, alter. ivtiSi), when, since. GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 257 tirena, then. iire^eifj.1 (iiri, eV, elfu), to go out against. iiri (prep, with gen. dat. or ace.), to, up to, as far as, against, in, on, upon, on account of; iiri rovrtp, for this reason ; 4irl irtei- ov, in or to a higher degree. iirif}ov\evco (iiri, jSouAeuw), evo~, to plot against. iiriypd), faa, to seek, ask. cVx^Djuew (iiri, ^v/xeo}), r^ffco, to de- sire. iir&vfua, as, fa desire. iiriKovp4(a, 4), to aid, assist. iiri\a/x{Sdvco (iiri, Aapfidva)), to take, to receive. iirio-ToX-fi, r}$, r), letter, epistle. iiricTTp4 (iiri, o~Tp4(pa>), \pca, \pa, iir4o~Tpo, to accomplish, finish, execute. iirirydeios, a, ov, necessary, use- ful. e7riT7j5et5<», €vcro>, tvffa, iirirerydev- ko, evfiai, iireryBev^yv, to form, invent. iiriri^rjfii (iiri, ri^yfii), to attack. imroKr), rjs, y, rising, a rising. eVtTpeVco (iiri, rp4irco), see rp4irca, to permit. 4irixeip4, to think or deem happy. evdaifioov, ov, happy, prosperous, blest. €vdoKL/j.4a> (evSoKifios), yaw, to be famous, to gain a reputation. €v86ki/j.os, ov, famous, illustrious. cv8o%4ca (218), you, to be illustri- ous, famous. evetfa, as, y, good condition. (V€py4rr}s, ov, 6, benefactor. eiy&ys, es, simple. evrjMos, ov, well sunned, sunny. evbd\ys, 4s, flourishing, thrifty. 258 GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. evKapiros, ov, fruitful. fi)fJL7]KT]9, fS, tall. etivoos, oov or eftvovs, ovv, kind, well disposed Eu^uvos, ov, 6, Euxine or Black Sea. eu-tropfu, -flaw, to prosper, be rich in. euirpeVeict, as, 7), beauty. cv-rrpeirrjs, es, good looking, come- EvpinU-rjs, ov, 5, Euripides, tragic poet of Athens. CUpiaKW, CVp-ll(r, €Vp7)KO, 7)fJ.ai, (&nV, 2 aor. tlpov, to find. Evpvf3ia87]s, ov, 6, Eurybiades, Spartan general, 533. EbpvhiKT], 7?s, i], Eurydice, wife of Orpheus. Evpdnrr], 7jy, 7), Europa, 540. Ebpuras, ov or a, 6, Eurotas, chief river of Laconia, 521. cvo-ffieia, as, t), piety. t&akios, ov, well shaded. tijTfKvos, ov, happy in children, with many children. ei/TeXris, 4s, cheap. euTvx«« (218), rjaru, to prosper. tvTvxia, as, i), prosperity. ed(popos, ov, fruitful. ((penonai {iiri, eirofiut), to follow. ((pnriros, ov, riding, on horseback. ecpiiTTd^ai, iimrr7]0-ou.ai, 2 aor. tireir- ttiv, to fly to or upon. i(pi, taxvxa, to have, hold, possess ; a>5e or outws €X w » to have Itself thus, to be thus or 80. ecus, till, until. (aw, t)(tu (in contrast fotPU v , wirw, f. m. ^rj/JLiuao/jLai as pass., to injure, to punish. Zr)vcav, uvos, 6, Zeno, Greek philoso- pher, 534. ^7Te'a> (219), 7)0-0, to seek, search for, desire. £u>ypa(pea), rtaw, to paint. £u>ov, ov, to, animal. tf, or, than. riye/xdv, ovos, 6, guide. Tiyiofxai, Tjcrofiai, to guide, lead, command. rjdews, gladly, willingly. fjSTj, at once, already. fjSojuai, i)cr^r)aofJiai, rj, t. i)TTaoiJ.at (or ijaadouat), ijaofiai or 7)&r) b« defeated. v)ttuv (or y\(Tausv), ov, gen. ovos, weaker, inferior i". I "ityaurTov, ov, 6, Hephaestus, Vul- ctn. GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 259 &d\a, euo-«, to serve, be servant to. &vr)o-KCi), &avov/j.ai, t&vt)ko, «&o- vov, to die. &v7jt(Js, 77, oV, mortal. Sopvfios, ov, 6, noise, tumult. 0ov/cu5i5rjs, ov, 6, Thucydides,GVceZ; historian. GpaavfiovAos, ov, 6, Thrasybulus, 370. SpeirTiKos, -r\, oV, nourishing. &pv\\ca>, Tjtrw, to report, noise abroad. &vya.Ti)p, rp6s, 77, daughter. ^dfia, dros, t6, victim, offering. Svfiow, u)o~w, to make angry. &vo-ia, as, y, victim, offering. frvaldfa, daw, daa, Tt&vaiaKa, to sacrifice. &vw, Svffw, e&vara, Te&E/ca, Te&v/xcu, irvSniv, to sacrifice. Scbpat, gkos, 0, breastplate, cuirass. Idoficu, idffofiai, laad/j.f]v, to heal, cure. Idov, lo! sec! Upevs, iws, 6, priest. Upos, d, 6v, sacred ; ra Upd, the sa- cred things, victims, sacrifices. licdvos, 77, 6v, able, sufficient. //ceTeucc, ewrco, to beseech, suppli- cate. Ifidrlov, ov, to, cloak, mantle. 'iva, that. lirxevs, 4ws, 6, horseman, pi. cav- alry. 'nriroKOfios, ov, 6, groom. 'Ittttos, ov, 6 or i], horse. linroTpo(peh>, rjo-w, to keep or breed horses. 'iirTa.iJ.ai, irTrja ofxat, 2 aor. iim\v, 77s, 77, &c, to fly. 'lo-oKpaTrjs, eos, 6, Isocrates, Athe- nian orator, 535. 1), SCO fJuivu, to go down, descend. Karafitf}pu>o-K(i> ( Kara, fSij3pu>(TKu> ), •Ppcixra), to devour. KarayeKdu (Kara, ye\du), daw (dao- fiai), aau, to laugh at, deride. KarayiyvdiaKU) (koto., yiyvuaKu), to condemn, pass sentence, decide. narayu) (koto., dyw), to lead down, bring down. Kara5iuK), i)aw, to pel" ceive. KaTaTrXovTifa (Kara, irKovrifa), to make rich, enrich. KaraaKtvdfa (Kard, o-Kcvdfa), daw, 07x01, adrjv (219, 220), to make, to prepare. Kararo^vo (nard, To£eiW), cvaw, to shoot (with aiTotos). Karacptpw (Kara, , au, to direct, ask, or der. Ktpas, S.tos (aoy), «y, r6, horn. Kfp&os, eos, r6, gain, profit, lucre. K«pa\r), i)s, 77, head. KTjiros, ov, 0, garden. Kfiwwpos, ov, 0, gardener. Kypvi, VK05, 6, herald, crier, mes- senger. K-t\pvaou> (rru\ £o>, £a, KtichpOx"'- Ki&apiffTT}s, ov, o, one who pl.r the Ij re, ■ harper. mbCLpytiia, as, 7'/, singing to the mu» sic of the fa GKEEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 261 Klfiuv, cavos, 6, Cimon, father of Miltiades. kIvSvvos, ov, 6, danger. Kivew, r}, ^a, KtaXocba., Ke/cAe/i- /.t.ui, iKAecp^w, 2 aor. pass. e'/cAa- Trifjv, to steal. nXoiri], 7js, i], theft. ttXwv, kKwvos, o, branch. Kuwalos, a, ov, Gnosian, Cretan. Koifxdco, 7]a, to put to sleep, mid. to sleep. koivos, t), 6v, comffion. Koivwvia, as, t), company, copart- nership. icoAafa, data (dcrop.ai), to punish. KoXdntvw, o~u, to flatter. /coAa|, aKos, 6, flatterer. koXoios, ov, 6, jackdaw. KoXoaaai, Tov, at (pi.), Colossae, city of Phrygia. noAiros, ov, 5, bosom, folds. icoAvixfidoi, -fjo-o), to swim, dive. Kofxaco, 7)o-co, to wear long hair. ko/jlt], 7jr, y, hair. no/uiifa, taw (i, to rule, be master of, govern, take captive. KpaTTip, Tjpos, 6, bowl. npzas, g. (xpeaos) Kpeus, to, flesh. tcpeiaacav (ttuv), ov (comp. of dyd- &6s, 147), better, superior, stron- ger. Kpeuv, ovtos, 6, Creon, king of Thebes, 551. Kp7jT7j, -ns, i), Crete, now Candia, 540. Kpi&r), 7js, 7], barley. Kplais, ecus, 77, decision. Kplr-fis, ov, 6, judge. Kpirias, ov, 6, Critias, one of the thirty tyrants of Athens. Kpolaos, ov, 6, Croesus, king of Lydia. KpoicoSeiAos, ov, 6, crocodile. KpinrTa), \pw, \pa, (pa, f-t/J-ai, (p&wv, to conceal, hide. KTaOfXUl, KT7]0-0jXai, d/JLTjV, K€KT7]/J.at, iKTr)&7)v, to acquire, possess. KTelvco, KTevw, tKTtiva, to slav, kill. KreviCco, taw, to comb, to curry. KTTj/xa, ciros, t6, possession, treas- ures, means. KvAivSea (defect., used in pres. and imp.), to roll, to indulge in. Kvna, dros, to, wave, billow. tcvvTjyos, ov, 6, hunter. kvttcWov, ov, to, cup. Kvptevw, aw, to be master of, to rule. Kvplos, id, lov, controlling, master, guardian, supreme. Kvplos, ov, 6, master, owner. Kvpos, ov, 6, Cyrus, 102 and 2*74. kvojv, kvvos, 6 or 7), dog. kuKov, ov, to, leg, liinb. kvKvu, vaw, to detain, prevent, hold back. icdaixTj, t]s, 7), village. Aafir), Tjs, 7), handle. Aa7os, ov, 6, Lagus, 535. Kayws, <»>, 6, hare. \dfrpa, secretly; with gen. without the knowledge of. Adios, ov, 6, Laius, king of The- bes. AaKeSaij-iSrios, a, ov, Lacedaemo- nian. 202 GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY AaKedai/xuv, ovos, t), Lacedacmon, Sparta. XaKTifa, iau, to kick. Adxwv, wvos, b, a Laconian. AaAe'w, t)o~u, to talk, speak. AaAos, ov, talkative. \a/xf3avu, \7}\po/j.ai, €%\7), £a, AcAe-y/icu, cAe'x&T?'', to say, speak ; to tell, relate. KnfjLuv, wvos, 6, meadow. Aenrw, tyw, ipa, \4\otira, \4\eififiat, i\€i, to leave. AeTTTo'y, 7], 6v, thin, lean, slender. Ae'coj/, ovtos, 6, lion. AewviSas, ov, 6, Leonidas, the hero of TJicrmopylae, 528. Aeu/co's, t), ov, white. Atjtw, 60s, ovs, 7], Latona, 528. \idlvos, rj, ov, of stone. Al&os, ov, b, sometimes ?/, stone. Mfxos, ov, 6, hunger. A, £«, to be hungry. Alvos, ov, 6, Linus, mythical min- strel, 280. AojSo'y, ov, b, lobe (as of the liver). \6yos, ov, 6, word, account, re- port. AoiSopew, T)(ru), to revile. \oiir6s, t), 6v, remaining, rest. Kovw, au, ca, fiat, Stjv, to wash, mid. to bathe. \6s, b, Lynceus, 539. XvKOS, Of, b, Wolf. AvKovpyos, ov, 6, Lycurgus, laic- (/inr of Sparta. XvTTfw, r)aa, to give pata, I grieve \vpa, as, i), lyre. \v\vos, ov, b, torch, lamp. Kvu>, \iau, t\vaa, \fkvKa, A, ictAo, very much), more, rather. ManeSovia, as, 7), Macedonia, 237. MantooviKos, 7), 6v, Macedonian. MaKeb~wv, 6vos, b, a Macedonian. fj.av$dva>, nafrtiaofiai, fA.efxdd7}Ka, 2 aor. tfidbov, to learn. fiavia, as, i), frenzy, madness. fxavTevo/xat, evaofxai (dep.), to pre- dict, prophesy.* WluvTivcia, as, i), Mantinea, < Arcadia, 517. MapaSwv, wvos, b,7], Marathon, 120. fiapalvu, dvu, tjvo, fjufidpacfiai, ifia- pdv^Tjv, to cause to wither or droop, mid. to droop or wither. fxaoTiyou, waw, to whip, l!og. fidraios, a, ov, useless, foolish. fxaTTjv, in vain. fidxrit vs> V, battle, engagement. fj.dxofJ.ai, eVoucti or odfiat, f,adfJL7]v, 7)fxai, to fight. fxeyas, £Atj, a, great, large; comp. fitlfav, superl. fxiyio-Tos. fxtyc&os, cos, t6, size, height fxf&7], r??, ?/, drunkenness, intoxica- tion. (xtlfav, ov, gen. ovos (comp. of ^c- yas), greater, taller. r, ov, to, youth. fielpofiai, pert ifytoffMU, iniiH ftapTai, it is fated. fii\av, dvos, t6, ink. fj,(Kas, aivd, ay, black, darlc, mourn- ing. /LUACI, fJL(\-fl, iaa, a/xat, crfrqv, to divide. fitpis, idos, ^, part, portion. /Ltetrros, r?, Jf, full, abounding in. fieTa (prep, with gen. or ace.), with, in company with, after ; as ad- verb, afterwards; /**&' yfiepav, by day.. /uera)8oA^, tjs, t), change. ^eToAAevtny, ea>y, 77, mining. ^€TaAAeua\ aw, to mine. fMCTavocw (/*€to, votw), 4iy, tj, mother city, home, metropolis. /xTjrpvid, as, t), step-mother. Urixapdo/xai, i](To/xai, to devise, plan. MiSas, ov, 6, Midas, celebrated king of Phrygia, who, according to some accounts, mingled wine with the waters of a fountain, to which Silcnus, the attendant of Bacchus, teas accustomed to re- sort ; and thus intoxicated and caught him. fUKp6s, d, 6v, small, little, short ; fitKpov, adverbially, within a lit- tle, almost. Mi\i), 4\crw, to be sick or ill. vvKTwp, by night. vvv, now. » vv£, pvkt6s, 7j, night. &vlfy, io-w, to entertain. aevoKpdrys, coy, d, Xenocrates, Greek philosopher, 535. aevov, tovros, 6, Xeuophon, Greek historian. c,4p^ys, ov, 6, Xerxes, king of Per- no. £v\ov, ov, t6, wood. 6, 7}, r6, tho. o'5e, J'/5e, t6Z(, this, as follows. oMpopai (used mainly in pre-, tad imp.), to luni'iit. 'OSvo-o-evs, 4ws, 6, Odysseus, ses, 536. odev, whence, frotn which. o75a, as, €, I perf. : Synopsis; ind. ofaa, subj. e<5&>, opt. f/Se/rjv, imp. fo&i, inf. «5eVeu, part. €i5c£r, to know. OtSorous, o5oy, (5, Oedipus, king of Thebes, 54.K oltcerys, ou, 6, servant, attendant. o, ?V«, to dwell, inhabit. o%K7)ffis, ews, 7), abode, dwelling. oUia, as, y, house, home. oIkoi, at home. of/coy, ou, 6, house. oiKrelpo), 60w, ctpo, to pity. ol/xai or o^o/xoi, olycro/xai, wy^rjv, to think, consider. olvos, ov, 6, wine. ofoy, a, ov, such, such as, possi- ble. 6'is, vios, pL otey, cr. fry, <5 or y, sheep. oto'Tev/xa, aros, r6, arrow. otxofiai, -fjaofiaif faw^ 1 * t0 depart, go- oktA, eight. oAjSioy, a, o?, happy, blessed. ohlyapxia, as, y, oligarchy, gov- ernment by the few. uWyos, y, ov, few, little. 'OAujutWo, ay, y, Olympia, in Elis in (,'rcece. 'OAv/iTrids, atos, y, Olympic games. "Opypos, ov, 6, Homer, the great Epic poet of Greece. 6/xi\4w, ycrw, to associate with. ojxvvm, 6/xovfiat, &fxoffa, o/tcfyio/ca, to swear, take an oath. ojaoios, d, ov, like, resembling. dfio\oy4u, yaw, to confess, con- sent. oveitiify, i or iu, to reproach, cast in one's troth. 6veiSos, (os, t<{, diagraoe, reproach . hvyKarys, ov, 6, driver of M I donk< vvofxa, aros, r6, name. ivojidfa, aZtws, quickly. bxiffbtv, behind. 6iri(r^oipv\aK4w, y, o\po/xai, kupaKa, Sififiai, &, to enrage, mid. be angry. # bp&ws, rightly. 6pl£a>, i, to define, limit. opKos, ov, 6, oath. dpfxao), 47, to sally forth, go forth, attack. upveov, ov, t6, bird. vpvis, t&os, 6 or 77, bird, hen. 'OpSvrns, ov, 6, Orontes, 272. opos, eos, r6, mountain. J Op (before smooth breathing ovk, before rough ovx), not. ovtiafiov, nowhere. ovS4, not even. ovSeis, ovSe/xia, ov5eV, none, no one, nothing. ovdevore, never. oi)K6Ti, not yet, no longer. oHkovv ; (interrog. part, expects af- firmative answer,) not then? oZv, therefore, accordingly, then. obpdvbs, ov, 6, firmament, heaven. ovs, wt6s, t6, ear. otfre, neither; ofce — oVre, neither — nor. olros, avrr], rovro, this. ovrus or ovra, thus, so. v foco, to bear, carry. n iraidv, avos, 6, paean, war-song. iraiZeia, as, 7), lesson, knowledge, instruction. iraiSevco, ceo, to educate, mid. to cause to be educated, to have educated. iraifa, irai^o/xat, tVoucra, iriiraiKa, ireiraio-fiat, iiraix&yi', to pl av ) sport, ircus, irai$6s, voc. irai, 6 or 7% boy, child. iralw, iralffw or iraii\o~a), iiraica, 7reVat/ca, iiraiarS-qv, to strike. irdXai, anciently, long ago, long since ; 6 irdhai, the old ; 01 ird- Xai, the men of old. irdXaiSs, d, 6v, ancient, old. irdXiv, back, again. Travrdxov, every where. iravrn, entirely, upon the whole. * iravroddirbs, $, 6v, of every kind. rrapd (prep, with gen. dat. or ace), to, into the presence of, near, among, beyond, from, by ; irapa fwcpSv, almost, within a little. irapa&aXXco (irapd, fidXXa)), to throw to, give. irapayiyvofiai (irapd, yiyvofxai), to arrive, be present. trapdSeia-os, ov, 6, park, pleasure- grounds. TrapaSiSafii (irapd, 5i5cofii), to give up, deliver. irapaKa&lfy (irapd, Ka&ifa), tata or Iw, to place near, mid. to sil near. irapdK€iy.ai, -/cetVo/ucu, to lie beside or near, be at hand. irapaKafiBdvo) (irapd, XapiPdvw), to take, receive. irapaffdyyqs, ov, 6, parasang= a&ow£ four miles. irapao-Kevd^o) (irapd, ffKtvdfa), aGte? o-fiai, afrqv, to prepare. irapdra^is, cws, 77, array, battle. 26G GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. Trdpei/ju {irap&y el/xi), to be present. Tlapfxeviuv, wvos, 6, Parmenio, 531. irapprjaia, as y tj, boldness, frank- ness, freedom. iras, iraara, tray, all, every, whole. in£, a£a, aypaiy to Strike. irarr)p, irarpSs, b, father. irarplsy i5os, rj, country, native country. iravu, (ra>> tray Ka, fxai, o-frrjVy to cause to cease, mid. to cease, to stop one's self. IIa(b\ayovia, os, 77, Paphlagonia, in Asia Minor. irel&o), y tra, Ka, 07x01, c^vv, to persuade, mid. to believe, obey. ireip&o/xai, acofxai, aerafi-qv, d/xai, to attempt, try. UeKrlcrrpaTos, ov, <$, Pisistratus, ty- rant of Athens. TrcAcryos, cos, to", sea. IleAias, ov, d t Pelias, 549. Tle'\oty t ottos, b, Pelops, 548. ■arefjnrco, ;J/cw, ipa, 7reVo/A^)o, 7r«re/u/iai, 4ir4/x, to cross, go over. 7repi (prep, with gen. dat. or ace), around, along, in the vicinity of, in regard to, concerning, about. irtpifidWa) (trepl> /3aAAa>), to throw around, put around. ireptylyvo/xai (ffpf, ylyvofiai), to be OTer or above, to remain, ac- crue. irfptfKavuu (ircpl, lXavvw)y to drive about. UepiKKrjs, eovs, voc. TleplK\tis, 6, I 'elides, Atlioiiaii xtatcsi/utrt, ■ntpiova-iay as, r), abundance, WMlth. ir*pnr\), tjo-»» to ob- tain, win. "Kcpupipw (irep/, e'p«), to bear or carry about. Uepaevsy e'«s, <$, Perseus, 550. TljparjSy ov, by Persian, a Persian. Wro/tat, ttt^o-o^oj, 2 aor. ftrrrii', tjs, 77, &c, to fly. ircrpo, as, 77, rock, stone. 7077^7, 77s, 77, fountain, spring. Uiepia, as, 77, Pieria, in Thcssahu 543. iriKp6s, d, 6vy bitter. iri(j.e\f)s, €s, fleshy, fat. Trfj/aKfc, l'5oy, 77, tablet. UivSdpos^ ov, b, Pindar, 310. irlva), fut. vlofiat, itcVwko, ireiro- /Liot, iir6&rjv, 2 aor. fcto; to drink. TnTrpdcKu, ireirpacrw, ucra, a^o, daai, d^v, to sell. irio-reva, a,r)o-a), to be rich Of wealthy. if\ovrl(a>, iao), to make rub, en- rich. 7tAo0tos, ov, 0, wealth, 1' UKovrcov, uvos, b, Plato, irvevfia, otos, r6, wind. GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY, 267 irr(ya>, £«, £«, 2 aor. pass. iirviynv, to strangle, pass, to be drowned. irodwKvSy eta, v, swift-footed, swift. 'iroitco, -fjarw, to build, make, do; eS iroUa, to treat well, use well ; /ca/ciSy iroiew, to treat ill, use badly. ironjT-fis, ov, 6, maker, poet. iroifjL-fii/, 4pos, 6, shepherd. iro7os, a, ov ; what ? of what sort ? iro\e[x4, to besiege, block- ade. ttoAjs, ews, ^, city. irohirns, ou, o, citizen. TroXiTlKoi, 4), 6v, constitutional, po- litical. TToW&ias, many times, often. ■jroXv/xaS-fis, 4s, very learned, hav- ing much learning. iro\vs, troW-ft, ttoKv, gen. ttoAAou, ttoAAtjs, 7roAAou, ace. iro\vv, iro\- \i)v, nroXv, much, large, many ; ?roAA<£, by much, much. TroAuTeAeia, a?, ^, expense, costli- ness. 7ro\vTeXi]s, 4s, magnificent, costly. iro\vTe\a>s, expensively. irovrjpos, ■{], oV, bad, base, worthless. tt6los, ov, 6, toil, labor. tt6vtos, ov, 6, sea. iropela, as, y, journey, march, con- veyance. iropsvo/xai, evaofiai, to go, march. -jrop&eca, -fjo-o), to destroy, plunder. Uoceidcov, iavos, 6, Poseidon, Nep- tune. ttSo-os, 7], ou; how much? how many? irorafiSs, ov, 6, river. jroVe; w T hen? nrore (enclit.), at some time, once, ever. )r6repov, whether. kotos, ov, 6, drinking, carousal. irov; where? irovs, iro$6s, 6, foot. Trpay/xa, aros, r6, thing, affair, in- terest. irpa£is, ecas, ij, doing, action, deed, exploit. irpdcraw (tt«), a£a>, a£a, ax«» YM°"> dx^rjv, to do, manage ; cv trpda- co>, to do well, succeed well. nrp4irw, tyw, \pa, to be becoming, to suit. Trp4crf3eis, e«i>, ol, PI. (Sing, poetic), ambassadors. irpia/Aai (defect, only used in 2 aor. iirpia.fx.-nv), to buy, purchase. ■npiv, before, until. irpo (prep, with gen.), before, both of time and place. irpodyco i^po, dyoo), to bring for- ward ; pass, to be brought for- ward, to arise. irpofiaTov, ov, t6, sheep. irpoyovos, ov, 6, ancestor, fore- father. 7rpo5i5o.'jUi (-rrpo, Zidccfii), to betray. npofxw&eus, iws, 6, Prometheus, 546. Upo^euos, ov, 6, Proxenus, 431. irp6s (prep, with gen. dat. ace), to, against, at, near, for the sake of. "rrposayopevco (jp6<>, ayopevw), aw, to address, speak to. irposavairXdaaw (irpos, avd, izKdaaw), to form or invent. irpos^ew (irpos, oew), -dyjaw, to tie or fasten to. ir pose i fit. (irpos, effit), to go to. Trposepxofiai (irpos, epxofiai), to go to, come to. Trposex * ( 7r P°' s > *X W \ ^° attend, take heed. iTposriyopia, as, tj, name, title. irposrjAou, waw, to nail or fasten to. irposKaX4w (jrpos, Ka\4w), see Ka- \4w, to call to. Trpo<>Kvv4w {rrpos, kvv4w), "fjaw, to worship, adore. irposXaixfSavo) (-n-pSs, Actfifidvw), to take, take in addition. TTposiralfa (irpos, naifa). to play or sport with. irposrdaaw {irp6s, rdaaw), to enjoin upon, command. ■nposTpsx w ("Kpfa r P^X 00 )i to ruD - to. 263 GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. npSswrov, ov, t6, face, counte- nance. irpSrepov, sooner, before. irporeivw (rrp6, reivw), -rfvw, -4retva, -t€toko, -TCTafj-ai, -crdSyv, to offer, propose. vporiby/xi {jp6, rfoyp.i), to set be- fore. TrpoTip.au> (irpo, ripdw), yaw, to hon- or before, prefer. •BooTpiirw (•""po, rpeirw), to exhort, ask, urge. irpo, yaw, to destroy with lire. ttu\('u>, T\aw, to sell. 7rws; how? •" ttus {cnclit.), somehow. p*aSviiiw, i\aw, to be idle. pyToplny, t}s, 77, rhetoric. pyrwp, opos, 6, rhetorician, orator. f>i(a, ys, 77, root. piirrw, rpw, \pa, perf. cp^tya, iyv, to hurl, throw. j>68ov, ov, r6, rose. b6ird\ov, ov, to, stick, club. buopai, f>uaup.ai, to rescue, release. 'Pa-jucuoy, 6, or, Roman. 'Pwpy, Tjy, 77, Rome. 2aAa>fy, m>y, 7;, SalamN, 891. o-a\7riyKT77y, ov, 6, triiTij[)it< r. Zdrvpos, ov, <'. I Bftt^T, companion, of Bacchus. The most famous of the Satyrs 2cas Silenut, duttn- guislied for prophetic powers, fa- bled to have been captured by Midas. aeavTov, rjs, ov, contr. aavrov, Tjy, ov, yourself. aeiw, aw, apai, a&yv, to shake. acp.vvvop.ai, aor. ^affipwd/x-qu, to be proud of, to pride one's self in. aiydw, yaw, to be silent aioTjpos, ov, b, iron. 'ZlKeAia, as, 77, Sicily. 'S.tXavbs, ov, b, Silanus, Grecian seer. ^ip.wviSys, ov, 6, Simonides, Greek poet. aiuirdu), i)ao>, to be silent. aiwixy, Tjy, y, silence. # atcevos, eos, t6, implement, piece of furniture, baggage. aKT]vi), Tjy, 7';, tent. aula, cis, y, shade, shadow. aKiprdu, -fjau, to frisk, leap, bound. aic\yp6s, d, 6v, harsh, rough. anoirew (used in pres. and imp.), to see, inquire, regard. 2/cvd7jy, ov, b, Scythian, a Scythian. 2kv&Ik6s, 77, 6v, Scythian. 26kwv, wvos, b, Solon, lawgiver of Athens. a 6s, ay, aov, your, thy. ao:irta. • 27ropTl(iT77y, ov, b, Spartan, a Spar- tan. airtvow, aireiaw, aa, xa, to pour, pour Bbfttton. [//•(, crown, garland. art, to be general. Grparriyos, ov, 6, general. arparld, as, ?;, army, force. cTpaTiurvs, ov, 6, soldier. S-rpaTonwos, ov, 5, Stratonicus, 535. (TTpaToVeSoj', ov, to, army, encamp- ment. (rrparos, ov, 6, camp, army. arpovbtov, ov, to, sparrow. ov, gov, thou, you. avyyiyrofxai (ovu, yiyvofxai), to be with, to associate with. cvyyiyvdaKu l?vv, yiyv&o-Koi), to pardon. cvyyud/xr], ys, tj, pardon, favor, mercy. o-vyxutpv (irw, x ai V w )) re Joice with. ffvWa/xfidvw {), -apS>, -ypa, -rjpKa, -rjp/xai, -rjp^rju, to go with, migrate with. Gwiarriixt (avv, 1o , t7]/j.i), to place together, to place with (as pu- pil). (Tvvotkia, as, y, house for several families, lodging house. awop.o\oyeu>, i\cu, to agree with, assent. cvvopdoi (o-vv, 6pdw), to see, behold. avvopyiCo/jLai (civ, 6pyi£o/xai), iao- /xat, aor. o~vvti>pyio-&t]v, to be an- gry along with. awovaia, ay, 77, society, company, intercourse, cvvrdaau (crvv, rda-crw), to arrange. avppeoa (o~vv, pto), -pevcrojj.au, avvifi- pevaa, aweppvijKa, to flow to- gether. 2,(piyylov, ov, r6, Mt. Sphingion, otherwise Phicius, near Thebes. 2^17!, ~2- &7)v, to save, preserve. 2oJKpaT7jy, eos, ace. 2w/cpaT7j or tjv, Socrates, Athenian philosopher. aufjLa, dros, to, body, person. awpeico, evo-u, to heap up or to- gether. o-wTTipia, as, 77, safety, security. auxppoa-vvt], ns, 77, prudence, mod- eration, self-control. adxppuv, ov, prudent, temperate. rdXavrov, ov, t6, talent =$1000. TaAay, aiva, aV, wretched, unhap- py- rafiiiov, ov, to, treasury, store- house. TdvTciXos, ov, 6, Tantalus, king of Phrygia. Ta£is, eus, 77, good order ; iv Ta^i, in order. Taao-Q), f«, £a, TeVaxo? aypai, dx&rjVi to arrange, order. Tavpos, ov, 6, Taurus, 540. Tavpos, ov, 6, bull. Ta, (r/xai, , to end, finish, fin- ish life, die. reXevri), t)s, 7], end. TeWripes (rcTTopes), o, four. rerp&Kis, four times. rcrpdiroBov, ov, r6, quadruped. reTpairovs, ovv, four-footed. Tern£, lyos, <5, cicada, kind of grasshopper. T^xyv, ^s, V, art, trade, occupa tion. TTjviKavra, then. tI&t)/ju, see 268 and 269, to place, appoint, enact, to stack (of arms). TI/CTCtf, T€£0fiCU, 2 pCrf. TCTOKa, 2 aor. Ztckov, to produce, to lay (of birds and hens). tI\Ao>, n\w, trlKa, rcriXfxat, cV/A- 3-77V, to pluck, to pick. Tifida-icov, covos, 6, Timasion, 274. rifx&u, foot, to honor, prize, value, revere, worship. rifi-fi, ys, y, honor, esteem. rt/xlos, 6, ov, precious, dear. Tifxwpeu, yj to avenge, mid. to avenge one's self upon, punish. Tifxwpia, as, t), help, punishment. rlvu, rfao), trlaa, rerlKOi Cfiai, . Toi6a^e, T0jcc5e, roioVSt , such, such as follows. , roiovros, roiavrrj, roiovro, such. ruiros, ou, 6, place, country, region, ipaoe, dtttince. Tob7]v, to turn, msd to turn one's self, flee. rpe, t^pvpa, rtrpofa, T&pafifxai, i&ptyfrnv, to nourish, support, keep. Tpe'x«, Spd/xov/xai, Se$pd}i7)Ka, 2 aor. fdpanov, to run. Tpi6.KovTa, thirty. rptfiu, fy), to die for. inrepxaipoo (J>ir4p, X a ' l P u )y to re joice greatly. vm), to take, assume, suppose, think. vTroix4vu> (vir6, jueVw), to remain. viroTTTeva) (vir6, oirTevw), aco, to sus- pect, anticipate, expect. viroarpeQu) (vtt6, ffrp4, to cheat, deceive. Qepai, 5>v, at, Pherae, in Thessaly. <£epeo, fut. ofcrco, aor. ijveyKa, perf. ivrivoya, ivi]veyp.ai, fyex^ 7 )") t0 bear, carry. , tofucu, 2 aor. e or ipw, 1 aor. e, to say, tell, declare. (ppovew, 7)000, to think, have in mind. (ppvarTo/xat (ooofxai), ^o/xat, to be insolent, proud, naughty. cpvyds, ados, 6, fugitive, exile. , a£a, irecpvha- Xa, to guard, keep, defend. (pvais, coos, ri, nature. $ookik6s, i), dV, Phocian, of Phocis in Greece. Qukiosv, oovos, 6, Phocion, Athenian commander, (pwvi), t)s, 7], voice, sound. Xaipc-', x at py aiC i KexdpTjica, to re- joice. Xaipwvelu, as, 7), Chaeronea, in Boeotia, 535. XaAe7ratVa>, dvw, to be angry. XaXivos, ov, 6, bridle, bit. XaA/co'y, 0?, 0, brass, copper. 272 GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. Xo.\kovs, rj, ovv, brazen. Xapteis, Uvea, Uv, pleasing, agree- able. XaptAoov, ov, b, Charil&us, Spartan king, 535. X^pis, l™y, i] } gratitude, grace. X*in&v, uvos, b, winter. Xeiplaocpos, ov, b, Chirisophus, 256. XeipoTovew, 7j V> soul, spirit, life. 5 (interjection), 0, used in address. 55c, so, thus, as follows. &v, oZaa, 6v (part, of elfi'i), being. wveofiat, r)aoiJ.at, iniperf. iuv^^nv, to buy, purchase. w6v, ov, t&, egg. &pa, ay, r), hour, season. d>y, as, when, so that, that, how. &sirtp, as, just as. axpfXtw, i)ou, to benefit, help. uipfM/xos, of, useful, serviceable. ENGLISH AND GREEK VOCABULARY. Admire, bavfxdfa, dffa) or dffojxai. advise, /3ovAeuo>, evcrco. Alexander, 'AK^avdpos, ov, 6. all, iras, 7racra, irav; 6 Tray. always, cW. and, /ecu; -re. announce, ctyyeAAw, 0776X0). army, arpdnvp.a, tiros, r6. as, lasTTcp. at, in, eV. Athenian, 'A^i/aToy, a, ov ; a Athenian, 'AdTjrcuoy, o«, 6. Athens, 'Adrji/cu, wv (pi.). B Bad, kcikos, y, ov. be, elfiiy icrofiai. be general, o-Tparmr/.w, "fjtrw. be king, fidcrlKeva), evcroo. be pleased, be pleased with, ^5o- /zcu, 7)irSri, Avcra>. breastplate, &wpa£, &kos, 6. bring up, educate, 7rcu5ev&>, evew. brother, aSeAcpoy, ov, o. bury, 3ct7TT«, &otya>. but, aAAa ; 5e. Call, KaAeo, V«; call by name, name, bvofidfa, daw. celebrated, kXcivos, y, 6v. certain, a certain, r\s, r\. cheerfully, ^Sews ; comp. 778101/ ; superl. ^Siara. child, 7rcuy, TrcuSo'y, 6 or y. Cimon, Kifiuv, uvos, 6. citizen, 7roAiT7jy, ov, 0. city, 7ro'Aty, ecus, y. company, 6/j.t\ia, as, 77. conquer, viK.au, rjaw. Corinth, Kopt^oy, ov, y. country, native country, irarpls, (5os, 77. cup, KvireWov, ov, to*. Cyrus, Kvpos, ov, 6. Darius, AapcToy, ov, 6. daughter, hvydryp, bvyarpos, y. day, y/xepa, as, 7% deceive, cpeva/aXw, taw ; \pev8w t 243. deliberate, /3ovAevo/ucu, evo~ofi.ai. 274 ENGLISII AND GREEK VOCABULARY, deliver, set free, l\evbep6w, d>, tjcro) ; TrpdrTU, 7rpa|a>. E Eacli other, one another, oAAtjAcdj/. educate, TraiSeuo), euo-&>. enact, ri^vfii, &h. have, ix^i *£ & >- he, he himself, avrds, 4\, 6. height, (jLcye&os, tos, t6. herald, Kr)pv£, vkos, 6. Hermes, 'Ep/xTJs, ov, 6. himself, herself, itself, kavrov, rjs, ov, 168. hire, jutcd-o'ojucu, uaofxai. his, her, its, 6, 77, to* (101), ^7 of pronoun (169). home, at home, oXkoi. honor, rljxdu, 770-w. horse, tinros, ov, 6 or 77. house, oiKia, as, 77. hunt, jjrjpevv, iiao). I I, 4yd>. if, it, idv. in, 4v. in regwd to, irepl. in the course of, expressed by the , &\d- into, €iV it, outJ, neuter of avrSs. Journey, 65Js, op, 77. i>plT7)S, OV, 6. Jupiter, Zeus, A»(fe, £. just, Si/cauy, a, ov. K Kill, KTf/j/tt, KT(VS). king, fiaaiKivs, Juts, 6. kingdom} j8aacra>. Rome, 'Pcfyi77, 77s, 77. rose, f>6Hov, ov, to. rule, fSdaiKevw, €y. run, Tpe^cw, Spd/xovpLOU. Same, 6 avr6s. save, aufy, crd/ffw. 276 GREEK AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. say, \4ya, \4fa ; is said, it is said, Ae'-yercu. send, ircfMira), iT€/ity(i). servant, $ov\os, ov, 6. serve, SouAcuco, €u. statue, &ya\/xa, tiros, r6. supplicate, iKerevco, evo'co. swift, raxvs, ua, v. Tall, fieyas, oAtj, a. teach, SiSetoTfw, St5o|. you, 38047 STANDARD CLASSICAL WORKS. Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War, according to the Text of L. Dindorf, with Notes by John J. Owen. With Map. 12mo. , Xenophon's Memorabilia of Socrates. With Notes and Intro- duction by E. D. C. Robbins, Professor of Language in Middle- bury College. 12ino. 421 pages. .~ • ■ Anabasis. With Explanatory Notes- for the use of Schools and Colleges. By James R. Boise, Professor of Greek in the Univei >ity of Michigan. 12mo. 393 pages. Anabasis. Chiefly according to the Text of L. Din- dorf, with Notes by John J. Owen. Revised Edition. With M;in I M161761 H THE UNIVERSITY OF ? CALIFORNIA LDM^RY \ *>• . ■" . ": • • • PUBLISH UPWARD OF 300 SCHOOL, TEXT-BOOKS, Including the Departments of Ktij:l*|h,-LatiiL Greek, French, Span- ish, Italian, Hebrew, and Syriacyof which a complete DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE WW be sent, free of postage, to those applying for it. t^* im \?£° v J for examination, of any of the works marked thus * will be transmitted by mad, postage prepaid, to any Teach- er remitting one-half of its price. Any of the others will be sent by mail, postage prepaid, upon receipt of full retail price.