// y 
 
 PROSPECTUS AND REPORTS 
 
 BUSHELL AND OF THE SAINT LOUIS 
 
 Gold and Silver Mining Companies, 
 
 )TOLTEC SYNDICATE OF MINES, 
 
 OF AZTEC AND TYNDALL DISTRICTS, ARIZONA, 
 
 ENTS, REPORTS, MAP, ASSAYS AND NEWSPAPER KXTR.U 
 RELATIVE TO THE SAME. 
 
 Office of ihe Companies, Rooms 14 & 15, 302 Montgomery Sf, 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 
 
 , 1S78. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO: 
 GORDON, BOOK AND JOB PRINTER, 320 SANSOME STKKBT, HALI.KCK BI.<H K. 
 
 1878. 
 
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 
 
 C. S. BENEDICT, ESQ 
 
 .PRESIDENT] 
 
 TT **"~"TOR 
 TOR 
 
 ARY 
 
 # 
 
 TT r 
 
 JOHN HAYNES, ESQ PRESIDENT 
 
 COL. JNO. D. GRAHAM MANAGING DIRECTOR 
 
 C. S. BENEDICT, ESQ DIRECTOR 
 
 E. S. IRVIN, ESQ " 
 
 W. G. GRAHAM, ESQ " 
 
 CHAS. CRANZ, JR S CRETARY 
 
 JOHN E. MAGEE, ESQ SUPERINTENDENT AT MINES 
 
 W. T. RICKARD, F. C. S... ...ASSAYER 
 
PROSPECTUS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ir t 
 
 Mn 
 
 SITUATED IN THE SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS, 
 
 PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA. 
 
 Both Companies Incorporated Under the Laws of the State of California, 
 
 June 1st, 1878. 
 
 In presenting to the notice of capitalists the claims of the aforesaid com- 
 panies, we propose to call the attention of the INVESTOR to only such facts 
 as, upon a more extended examination, can be fully and satisfactorily 
 substantiated. 
 
 THE SANTA RITA MINING REGION. 
 
 The territory in which this mining property is situated is yet in its in- 
 fancy, though the mines in the Santa Rita's have been worked, at intervals, 
 by the Jesuit Fathers, by adventurous Spaniards, and by more adventurous 
 Americans, for over one hundred and fifty years. But since the disastrous 
 ending of the Santa Rita Company, in 1860-61, no work has been begun 
 which was not speedily ended in the same fashion by the murder of the 
 miners by the Apaches until the owners of the present Toltec Syndicate 
 organized its predecessor, the Aztec Syndicate. The reports herein printed 
 will give the reader a fair outline of their enterprise, and need not be 
 further alluded to in this place. In the outset of our organization of the 
 Aztec Syndicate, we labored under all the disadvantages of working in and 
 exploring an almost savage country. The great mineral richness demon- 
 strated by our labors almost immediately attracted other enterprising visit- 
 ors and prospectors, and within a year resulted in an immigration which 
 has now culminated in the working of numberless mines, the building of 
 excellent reads, the founding of permanent mining camps, a large influx of 
 
capital, and the establishment of numerous mining enterprises upon a solid 
 and certain basis. 
 
 The sudden and marvelous growth of this section can only be accounted 
 for by the ascertained extraordinary wealth of its acres of mountains, 
 containing gold, silver, lead, copper, etc., enough, in the general estima- 
 tion, to enrich the present generation. 
 
 ITS GREAT MINERAL WEALTH. 
 
 Pumpelly, Ross Browne, Ward, Kustel, Ehrenberg, Wrighton, Professor 
 Davis, Professor Rickard and scores of others say, " The silver mines of the 
 Santa Rita's the Aztec and Tyndall mining districts give undisputed 
 evidence of great natural wealth. The ores are true Silver ores, and the 
 mines are identical with those of Mexico, of which they are a continuance." 
 
 The many late travelers through this country, consisting of engineers 
 surveyors, assayers and others, all agree as to the main points, viz: 
 the value of the ores. 
 
 Professor Thomas Davis says : "Of the mineral richness of the mines 
 in this section, and especially of those belonging to what is known as the 
 Toltec Syndicate of San Francisco, there can be no doubt whatever." 
 
 It is only a question of time and the expenditure of capital and labor, 
 when there will be silver enough dug out of these mountains to pay the 
 national debt. To] parties not conversant with the mines of this and other 
 countries, this assertion of Prof. Davis might be considered 'one of great ex- 
 aggeration, but when we look at the product of other mining countries the 
 business mind will at once grasp at the proposition as being nearer the 
 truth than it is to the fabulous. We propose to cite what has been done. 
 
 The registered coinage of the Mint of Mexico, for the last 135 years, end- 
 ing January 1st, 1874, amounted to $1,942,932,107. The following is the 
 registered total yield of a few Mexican mines, which belong to the same 
 great chain of mineral deposits so recently developed in the Santa Rita's. 
 The Rio Grande, $650,000,000; the Sierra Madra, $800,000,000; the Potosi 
 over $1,000,000,000. One mine, the Panillon, produced for five years 
 $20,000 per day, when interrupted by a flood of water. Opened again in 
 ten years, it produced $50,000,000. It subsequently lay idle until 1871, since 
 which time it has regularly produced an annual yield of $13,400,000. The 
 Comstock Lode, in Nevada, furnishes another signal evidence of productive- 
 ness. Yearly over $20,000,000 is being paid in dividends to its stockholders. 
 All these statistics are taken from official reports, and can at any time 
 be verified. 
 
 Had we space at disposal to extend this prospectus, much might be 
 added as to the peculiar and exceptional richness of the Santa Rita mountains 
 in which our mines are situated. Thousands of assays have placed the 
 surface ores alone, at the head of any other mining region heretofore known 
 and discovered. It is enough to say that, a great number of mines have al- 
 
ready been located, and that distant capital is daily pouring in for the pur- 
 chase and location of others. Under this reviving influence it is no won- 
 der that this productive section is rapidly emerging from obscurity into the 
 importance and prosperity it so richly merits. 
 
 Roads and railroads are being pushed forward. Reduction works for the 
 treatment of ores are being plentifully erected, and the filial result is only a 
 simple matter of calculation as to when its hidden treasures will be pour- 
 ing into every country upon the face of the earth. 
 
 The Directors of the Bushell Co., and of the Saint Louis Co., claim, in the 
 course of an early future, as great results as are exhibited above,but the suc- 
 cess of every silver mining region can only be attained by the requisite ex- 
 penditure of capital and labor, and the Aztec and Tyndall districts have 
 heretofore lacked both. It is our object to introduce to the notice of capi- 
 talists and others the advantage to be derived by participants in the rapid 
 and quick development of what is to-day a region of almost incredible 
 wealth. 
 
 THE CAPITAL STOCK. 
 
 The Capital Stock of the companies is fixed at $10,000,000, each divided 
 into 100,000 shares of a par value of $100 each. 
 
 As it is the intention of the directors of these companies to work with 
 prudence and economy, it is not deemed necessary to place upon the market 
 more of its stock than is sufficient to actually develop the paying value of 
 each company, it being fair to infer from all previous experience in this 
 character of mining, that as the work progresses, sufficient ores will be 
 obtained, to not only prosecute its labors, but also, in a very short period, 
 to justify each of the companies in declaring a first dividend. 
 
 Twenty thousand shares of stock has been set aside in each company, as 
 WORKING CAPITAL STOCK. This is the stock we now offer for sale. FIVE 
 THOUSAND SHARES ONLY are offered at the present figures. The next five 
 thousand shares will be sold at double the present rate, and the remainder, 
 if it be necessary to sell it, will be at the least quadruple the present price. 
 This has been our experience with the mines we organized previously, in 
 the old Syndicate. 
 
 Further information may be obtained by addressing the Managing Director, 
 or any other officer of the companies, or by addressing the editor of the Tucson 
 (Arizona) Star, or Col. R. J. Hinton, editor of the San Francisco Post, or of 
 any businessman at Tucson, Arizona, or of Superintendent John B. Magee, at 
 Tucson. As these stocks are FULLY PAID UP AND UNASSESSABLE, they offer to the 
 modest INVESTOR or the CAPITALIST the best investment known in this country. 
 
 The map accompanying this shows the location of the mines owned by us, as 
 well as of many others upon which work is now being vigorously pressed. 
 Every INVESTOR will receive the monthly reports from the mines, and be kept 
 
fully and thoroughly advised of every matter of importance, as it is to the 
 hearty co-operation of shareholders that every mining company should look to 
 produce the most favorable results for their enterprise. 
 
 (Signed) C. L. BENEDICT, 
 
 JOHN HAYNES, 
 
 $ JNO. D. GRAHAM, 
 
 E. S. IRVIN, 
 W. G. GRAHAM, 
 Directors of the Bushell G. & S. M'g Co., and St. Louis G. & S. M'g Co. 
 
 REPORT OF MANAGING DIRECTOR GRAHAM. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE TOLTEC SYNDICATE OF MINES, 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, June 17th, 1878. 
 
 T the Directors of the Bushell Gold and Silver Mining Company, and of 
 the Saint Louis Gold and Silver Mining Company : 
 
 GENTLEMEN: The accompanying reports from the Superintendent, John 
 E. Magee, and Professor Thomas Davis, at the mines, deserve your earnest 
 consideration. These mines, incorporated under the laws of this State, 
 June 1, 1878, are now to be developed and brought to a paying basis, and 
 to do this will require your most energetic action and hearty co-operation 
 in every respect. It may not be out of place to call your attention to the 
 history of the present great movement in mining developments in the Santa 
 Rita mountains, where the Bushell and the Saint Louis are situated. 
 
 On the 24th of April, 1877, I drew and offered to many of you, an agree- 
 ment forming the " Aztec Syndicate of Mines," and your modest invest- 
 ments in that enterprise realized, by the 7th of January, 1878, the sum of 
 forty thousand dollars for every thousand invested. Of the history of the 
 Aztec Syndicate, up to the date of the purchase of the controlling interest 
 from myself and associates, by eastern parties, it is needless here to speak 
 further than above. Some extracts from the press of various places, bear- 
 ing on the matter, are herein enclosed, and, if advisable, can be used, that 
 others may see in what manner the great mining interests of Southern 
 Arizona have been builded up, and by whom. You are aware of the 
 severe struggle had by the Aztec and Inca companies, under our manage- 
 ment, before people could be induced to even listen to any description of 
 the property, its merits and capacities. Few people heard of Arizona, 
 fewer still cared about Arizona and a still less number could be found 
 who would invest a dollar in that terra incognito Arizona. 
 
 I need not tell you nor others, how all this has been changed. Millions 
 of dollars are now pouring into the section a year ago almost unknown 
 and totally unworked. The Apache Indians outnumbered the whites ! 
 There were no mines being worked! There was no labor in the country, 
 
5. 
 
 because there was no demand for labor and no money to pay labor. From 
 our small beginning, when ground was broken by Superintendent Thomas 
 Davis and Manager John E. Magee, for the Aztec Company, on June 25th, 
 1877, we have seen something unparalleled in the history of mining. 
 
 The Aztec and Tyndall districts, in which lie the ten mines comprising 
 the Toltec Syndicate, have been overrun with prospectors, and our first lo- 
 cations made have been followed by over one thousand more locations in 
 these two districts. Capital is now flooding both districts ; eastern capital- 
 ists were the first to lay hold, and to-day it is a contest between eastern 
 currency ;md San Francisco gold as to the possession of the mines of that 
 section. Our great mining capitalists, grown weary of the Comstocks and 
 the Black Hills, are piling up money in the Santa Rita's. The whole face 
 of the country is changed in a year's time. Mines are being opened, mills 
 being built, and thousands of hardy miners from the failing lodes of Nevada 
 and the thin surfaced claims of the Black Hills are finding remunerative 
 labor in the mines of southern Arizona. I feel a pardonable pride in being 
 able to say that I have contributed somewhat to this state of things, and 
 can say that from making the first movement for the actual development of 
 a mine in the Santa Rita's, I have day by day grown firmer in my belief 
 that we possess in that section the future hope of silver mining in America. 
 
 The mines of the Toltec Syndicate, ten in number, are as follows : 
 
 TheBushell Tyndall District. 
 
 The Eagle 
 
 The Forsythe 
 
 The Knoxville Aztec District. 
 
 The Webster 
 
 The Velasco 
 
 The Saint Louis 
 
 TheOjero 
 
 TheRickard 
 
 The La Purissima 
 
 The accompanying map shows the locations of the above, as also some of 
 the mines of the Aztec Syndicate and others. 
 
 Of these mines the Bushell and Saint Louis are now incorporated, and 
 other incorporations will follow as rapidly as may be considered best for the 
 interests of the Syndicate. I regard the Bushell and the Saint Louis mines 
 as not only two of our best mines, but as two of the best mines in Arizona, 
 and my opinion is amply sustained by all who have examined these proper- 
 ties. For the purpose of speedy development, I would recommend that a 
 few thousand shares of the working capital stock of each company be sold 
 at such low figures as will produce immediate means for this development, 
 as I am certain that, as in the case of the Aztec stock, which, starting at 
 $2.50 per share on May 26th, 1877, sold at $10.00 per share on the 1st of 
 October, 1877, no better investment can be found than in the stock of the 
 Bushell or of the Saint Louis mines ; and viewed even as a speculation, 
 
nothing known to me offers so great an inducement. The men who organ- 
 ized and pioneered the Aztec Syndicate are the owners of the Toltec Syndi- 
 cate of mines, arid with their added experience are now able to produce 
 even better results than were obtained. in the Aztec. Prompt and speedy 
 action looking to a thorough development of these mines is all that is needec 
 to insure success. I have every reason to believe that within ninety days 
 from this date a mill will be in operation upon the ores of the Bushell anc 
 of the Saint Louis mines, and shipments of bullion of sufficient importance 
 be made to gladden the hearts of every holder of shares in either company 
 The position of these companies is very gratifying ; not a penny of indebt- 
 edness lies against either company ; their titles are perfect, their advantages 
 very great, and their possibilities quite as immense as even the most san- 
 guine shareholder could desire. By our plan of concentrating the contro 
 of the various departments of labor, etc., the saving in the running expen- 
 ditures of the mines is a feature ; with one set of officers and one set o: 
 offices and attaches the expense is reduced to a minimum, and the system 
 guarantees the best and largest results at the least possible expenditure 
 Every person connected with the Syndicate as well as with the mining com- 
 panies referred to, is well and favorably known. Our course of action in 
 the past is a guarantee for the future, and with the splendid properties we 
 are now seeking to develop there can be no obstruction to hinder us from 
 bringing, at a very early day, both of these companies to a dividend paying 
 basis. 
 
 To lay the facts relative to these mines before the public, allow me to 
 suggest that the reports of Superintendent J. E. Magee and of Professor 
 Thomas Davis, as well as those of Professor Raphael Pumpelly and Hon. J 
 Ross Browne, with such reference as may be made by the press of Arizona 
 to the enterprise and the mines, be compiled and published. Although the 
 incorporations have been made only at the first of this month, and work on 
 the mines but just begun, the above mentioned reports are of themselves 
 amply sufficient to justify capital in seeking an investment in these shares, 
 and to give to investors an opportunity of obtai ning full and correct infor- 
 mation in reference to these properties, it would, be well to so publish these 
 facts. In Tucson, where our Territorial office Is located, every business 
 man is a reference as to our property, its value and merit, as well as to our 
 integrity and energy in promoting our mining interests by steady work and 
 untiring development. 
 
 Hundreds of persons in the east and south, as well as in the western 
 States, are now writing to the editor of the Tucson Star, A. E. Fay, Esq., 
 and to Col. R. J. Hinton, editor of the San Francisco Post, and author of 
 " Hinton' s Hand-Book to Arizona," for information relative to Southern 
 Arizona its mineral, agricultural and other resources, and the influx of 
 immigrants and capital into Southern Arizona, since the beginning of my 
 
labors to that end has been unprecedented. In reference to the other prop- 
 erties of the Syndicate, I do not deem it necessary at this time to say more 
 than that they are quite equal, so far as can be seen, to the Bushell and 
 the Saint Louis. Full reports, based upon the actual examination of these 
 properties by prospecting them thoroughly, will be made to the Syndicate 
 from time to time. The matter in hand now is to push the interests of the 
 Bushell and Saint Louis companies by every means, in order that returns 
 may be made at an early day. I am of the opinion, so confidently expressed 
 by Professor Davis, that "within ninety days from the day that the first 
 stamp is struck on the Bushell and Saint Louis ores, both of these com- 
 panies can pay a small dividend, which, with the facilities which six months 
 time will bring, can be increased to a large one." 
 
 Monthly reports from the mines will be published, and sent to every 
 shareholder or other person who sends an address to me, to the end that 
 the progress of the work may be fully and thoroughly known from its 
 inception. 
 
 The enclosed certificates of assays of ores of the Bushell and of the Saint 
 Louis mine in Professor Davis' letter, speak for themselves, and I have 
 every reason to believe that we shall be able to show even greater results 
 as a little depth is attained in these mines ; and upon this point I am sus- 
 tained by the facts in relation to every mine in that section, upon which 
 shafts have been sunk. The richness of the ore increases with the 
 depth in every case. Upon my next visit to the mines, I shall make all 
 necessary arrangements relative to Reduction Works. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 JOHN D. GRAHAM, 
 
 Managing Director. 
 
 REPORT ON THE BUSHELL MINE. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE, 
 BUSHELL GOLD AND SILVER MINING COMPANY, 
 
 TUCSON, Arizona, June 8th, 1878. 
 COL. JNO. D. GRAHAM, 
 
 Managing Director Toltee Syndicate, 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 DEAR SIR : The Bushel! mine belonging to the Toltee Syndicate, lies 
 about half a mile north of Salero Hill, in the Tyndall Mining District, and 
 on the Hamilton lode. 
 
 It is easy of access ; with a few days work on the road we have made it 
 so a wagon can be driven on to the mine ; considerable work has been done 
 on this property many years ago; the trails can still be traced over the 
 mesas, on which the burros travelled, packing the ores down to the old 
 
8 
 
 Tumacacori Mission Church, some 12 miles distant, where they were worked 
 by the Jesuit Fathers. 
 
 . There are two parallel veins about forty feet apart running a little south 
 of west and north of east; commencing at the west end of the mine and 
 travelling easterly about 780 feet you gain an ascent of 165 feet; at this 
 point you strike huge sandstone cappings, looming up in an irregular pre- 
 cipitous shape, some 200 feet, and covering nearly the whole eastern portion 
 of the mine. The granite and porphyry formation of the country show on 
 either side of sandstone cappings, and can be traced right up to where it 
 commences to overlap the older formation. 
 
 On the northerly one of these two veins is where the ancient workings 
 are; on this space of 780 feet, on the west end of the mine, are four old 
 shafts or holes from 18 to 25 feet deep, some of which are partly filled up, 
 while the vein for a space of 235 to 240 feet has been stripped or dug off" 
 from two to three feet deep. Walk from the west end to the sandstone 
 cappings and you will find a vein of pure mineral, from thirty inches on 
 the surface to four feet wide in the bottoms of shafts, for 610 consecutive 
 feet. These old holes or shafts are irregularly shaped, some of them over 
 thirty feet in length, from which large amounts of mineral have been ex- 
 tracted in the most crude manner, while the old dumps still contain suf- 
 ficient of good ore to pay for sorting them under an economical working of 
 the mine. 
 
 The country rock, walls and casings of the vein are all a miner could 
 wish. That the vein is a true fissure, there is no doubt whatever; every ex- 
 pert and miner who has seen it agree on this point, and the fame of the 
 mine has led every visitor to the Santa Rita's to make a close and critical 
 examination of the property. At different periods within the last three 
 years I have had some twenty assays made from the vein, giving all the 
 way from $30 up to $480 per ton silver, with now and then a few dollars 
 per ton in gold. I have taken twenty pounds of ore from the old dumps, 
 bottoms of the shafts, along the surface of the ledge; each pound from a 
 different place, and made an average assay, with the result of $92.40 per 
 ton silver, and $6.12 per ton gold. 
 
 On the southerly vein no shafts have been sunk, only here and there some 
 prospect cuttings ; it is a great massive, black, manganese,iron capped vein; 
 some750.feet west from the west end of the mine, on the adjoining claim, there 
 is an old shaft on this vein some fourteen feet deep; here a vein of metal i 8 
 shown over twelve feet wide. By sinking through the iron cap on the 
 Bushell mine this same body of ore will be found; the vein is more promi- 
 nent and shows better here than at any oth^r point, while the trend of 
 both ledges indicate that at a depth of two to three hundred feet thei 
 will be one massive vein. I have no hesitation in stating it as a fact, th{ 
 with judicious working?, and at a very small expense, this mine will 
 
furnish ore enough to keep a ten stamp mill pounding right along from the 
 first thirty days, and pay fair dividends, and this on what we have in sight 
 on the north vein, not counting the south vein at all, while under those huge 
 sandstone cappings lie inexhaustible supplies of ore. This Bushell mine 
 to-day is equal to any property in Southern Arizona, while its actual value> 
 as yet, no one can tell. 
 
 The usual facilities for cheap mining, working of ores, climate, etc., in 
 this country are well known facts abroad, and need no comment. I have 
 already engaged a force of men, and work will be commenced before this 
 reaches you, and will be pushed with the utmost vigor. 
 
 Let me earnestly recommend that you urge upon the board of directors 
 the imperative necessity of at once arranging for reduction works; we have 
 nothing to wait for ; in this respect the Bushell, as it stands at this hour, 
 can overrun with ore a ten stamp mill, and in sixty days will be more than 
 able to crowd a mill of double that capacity. Immediate steps should be 
 taken to this end, so that dividends, the life of all mining enterprises, can be 
 made ; some sacrifices may justly be made to obtain milling facilities at an 
 early day, and this opinion is shared with Prof. Davis, the former Superin- 
 tendent of the Aztec Mines, and by Prof. Rickard, the eminent metallur- 
 gist now here. The ores will probably be best treated through the Rickard 
 furnace, and by the Hunt & Douglass process of lixiviation, being the 
 cheapest and most satisfactory process known for the working of these ores. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 JOHN E. MAGEE, 
 
 Superintendent. 
 
 REPORT ON THE SAINT LOUIS MINE. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE, | 
 
 SAINT Louis GOLD AND SILVERJMINING COMPANY, > 
 
 TUCSON, Arizona, June 8th, 1878. ) 
 
 COL. JNO. D. GRAHAM, 
 
 Managing Director Toltec Syndicate, 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 DEAR SIR: The Saint Louis Mine, belonging to the Toltec Syndicate, lies 
 about one mile northeasterly from Camp Toltec, on the eastern end of the 
 Empress of India lode. This wonderful lode, on its eastern end, forks out 
 into three distinct branches, while other lodes intersect it at various places. 
 The Saint Louis Mine, though on the main fork of the Empress of India, 
 is located as on the General Craig lode. 
 
 The western end of the mine lies on rather even ground, cut in a few 
 places by arroyps, while its eastern end runs up over high hills; the course 
 of the vein is north of east and south of west, and shows the whole length 
 of the mine from eight to twenty feet of metal in width, though the crop- 
 pings are small above grqund. No work has ever been done on the mine 
 except the prospecting done under ytmr direction. 
 
10 
 
 N ear the western end of the mine an arroyo cuts the vein, in the bottom 
 of which the ore or mineral shows a solid body of eight feet in width, im- 
 b^dded in porphyry and granite, while two other threads run parallel with 
 this lai^e body of ore of twelve and fifteen inches in width; here the mine 
 is shown in perfect formation, the vein dipping north, quartz, quartzite and 
 gangue all impregnated with copper blende and copper silver glance min- 
 eral. 
 
 From this arroyo, for a distance of 150 feet east, nature has done a work 
 that would cost many thousands of dollars to perform; the wash down 
 through the gap between the hills at this point, through centuries of time, 
 has uncovered the vein for 180 feet, including the arroyo, and there now lies 
 exposed to view a body of mineral from eight to twelve feet in width, 
 which assays from $25 to $250 right on the surface ; with a common pick 
 and shovel wagons could be here loaded with first class ore. I have exam- 
 ined this mine very carefully and find it one of the best, if not the very best 
 undeveloped property in the Santa Rita mountains. The formation is per- 
 fect ; a true fissue vein. The ores are of the same class as those of its sister 
 mines, the Montezuma, the Inca, and the Empress of India, situated on 
 the western end of this great lode; easy of access, cheap in development, 
 lying only six miles from a water power to grind its ores ; to me it seems 
 one of the most if not the most valuable property in the Aztec min- 
 ing district. Before this reaches you I shall have a force of men at 
 work sinking on the mine. 
 
 My remarks in the report on the Bushell mine relative to reduction works 
 need not be repeated, but with the magnificent water power of the Sonoita 
 it seems a crime to delay by one day the erection of works, to convert our 
 inexhaustible ore bodies into silver and gold bullion. I trust that you will 
 press this matter upon the .Board, and upon our friends in the east who de- 
 sire to see a successful realization of their hopes. Our eastern visitors are 
 astonished and delighted with the outlook, and promise most vigorous ac- 
 tion upon their return to the east, while the San Francisco and Virginia 
 City experts, who have been examining the property, are compelled to ad- 
 mit that they have seen nothing to equal these mines in this section, certainly 
 the richest ^in mineral that has yet been discovered in the United States. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 JOHN E. MAGEE, 
 Superintendent. 
 
 The*following letter from Prof. Thos. Davis, the first Superintendent for 
 the Aztec Syndicate, will be of interest. Col. R. J. Hinton in his " Hand 
 Book to Arizona/' thus speaks of the Professor: 
 
 " Professor Thomas Davis is one of the best known and most respected 
 miners and practical mineralogists in Arizona. Thomas Davis has spent 
 over a quarter of a century in the working of mines, and possesses also a 
 more than fair theoretical knowledge of the sciences which are connected 
 with his pursuits. " The Professor," as he is usually called, is one of those 
 characters usually marked only, it would seem, in mining and frontier re- 
 gions. He is a man of over seventy years of age, who looks "like sixty," and 
 a hale and hearty three-score at that. He is a Philadelphian by birth; his 
 father was for many years connected with the United States Mint, as as- 
 sayer. Professor Davis was in Texas in 1839, participated in all movements 
 connected with the Lone Star Republic, was in the various battles, and, be- 
 ing captured, remained a prisoner in Mexican hands for two years. He 
 served as guide to the American army, and participated in the Taylor cam- 
 
11 
 
 paigns. He went to Africa, and being shipwrecked, with others, made a 
 long journey across the southern extremity of the continent, thence sailed 
 to India, and thence home by way of Central America. He has been in 
 Cuba, mined in Brazil, Peru, Australia, several years in California, at 
 quicksilver, placer, gravel and quartz, and for twenty years past has been 
 engaged in Mexico, having charge of large operations. The old gentleman 
 is hardy, studious, observant, self-opinionated, but wise in his specialties, 
 honest and temperate in character and habits, and always as open and sim- 
 ple as a child in his ways. Of the character of these mines, his opinion is 
 worthy of consideration." 
 
 LETTER FROM THOS. DAVIS. 
 
 TUCSON, ARIZONA, June 10th, 1878. 
 COL. JNO. D. GRAHAM, 
 
 Managing Director,- etc. 
 
 MY DEAR SIR : At the request of Supt. Magee, I send you enclosed a 
 list of various assays which have been made from ores of the Bushell, 
 Saint Louis and other mines, now the property of the Toltec Syndicate. 
 Let me very earnestly congratulate you upon your possession of these mag- 
 nificent mining claims, and also as to your great success in the Aztec Syndi- 
 cate. The change in the Aztec and Tyndall mining districts, since the 
 25th day of June, 1877, on which date Mr. Magee and myself began work 
 on the Aztec, is entirely unparalelled in my experience, and I have seen the 
 upsand downs of mining for half a century, and in almost all sections of the 
 country. Then we were entirely alone, creeping to our work with rifles 
 ready, leaving men on the lookout for Apaches ; and trembling in our huts at 
 Camp Toltec at night ; no roads but the old roads or trails made by the 
 Jesuit Fathers, and by the men afterwards murdered here by the Apache In- 
 dians, while endeavoring to work these mines, Wrightson, Grosvenor, Slack, 
 Poston and others. Now splendid roads, beautiful Camp Toltec with all the 
 requisite buildings and works of a successful mining camp, with a thousand 
 locations made, the country overrun with prospectors, speculators, capital- 
 ists and miners j no end of mines being developed, mills being rapidly 
 built, you can scarcely conceive the magnitude of the change; rely upon it 
 the people of this section remember how much they owe to your efforts 
 in placing before the people at large, the facts in relation to the mineral 
 resources of southern Arizona. Every one in this section heartily rejoices in 
 your great success. 
 
 The following assays are from the Bushell and from the Saint Louis 
 mines; these assays have been made from time to time during the past three 
 years, chiefly for myself, as I originally located the Bushell mine. The 
 Bushell is the " Boustillo," or old Tumacacori mine, to which reference is 
 made in the following histories of Arizona; the works of Pumpelly, Cozzens, 
 Conklin, Ehrenburg, J. Ross Browne, Wrightson and others, and especially 
 in " Hinton's Hand Book to Arizona." Having been recorded as it sounded, 
 not as it was originally spelled, the record had to stand, so it is to-day 
 " Bushell," instead of " Boustillo." The ores of these two mines will run 
 nearly the same in value, and if they only average $100 per ton, you will have 
 ample reason to be content. I am satisfied, and would agree to so contract, 
 that within ninety days, from the day that the first stamp is struck on the 
 Bushell and Saint Louis ores, both of these companies can pay a small div- 
 
12 
 
 idend, which, with the facilities which six months time will bring, can be 
 increased to a large one. 
 
 Assay 
 No. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 Ore From 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold 
 
 Value per ton 
 of 2,000 Ibs. 
 
 Old Shaft Bushell 
 
 183.73 
 102.12 
 147.09 
 93.67 
 69.27 
 173.04 
 354.90 
 493-07 
 482.01 
 479.66 
 453.07 
 34.10 
 122.04 
 23 % 
 
 8.16 
 3.46 
 7.08 
 11.17 
 7.51 
 2.08 
 6.43 
 7.21 
 8.41 
 10.19 
 8.19 
 Traces 
 Traces 
 1.10 
 Traces 
 1.28 
 Traces 
 Traces 
 1.14 
 0.20 
 1.09 
 Traces 
 0.90 
 Traces 
 Traces 
 Traces 
 0.43 
 
 $191 89 
 105 n8 
 154 17 
 104 84 
 76 78 
 175 12 
 361 33 
 500 28 
 490 42 
 489 85 
 461 26 
 31 10 
 122 04 
 25 00 
 173 05 
 499 53 
 640 70 
 539 56 
 135 19 
 18 90 
 38 23 
 173 05 
 54 96 
 31 17 
 60 44 
 174 76 
 58 60 
 
 
 
 < 
 
 < 
 
 OM Shaft Bu hell 
 
 i 
 
 ii < 
 
 
 
 ( < 
 
 
 
 
 Croppir "'s Saint Louis 
 
 
 c 
 
 173 05 
 498.25 
 640.70 
 539.56 
 134.05 
 18.70 
 37.14 
 173.05 
 54.06 
 31.17 
 60.44 
 174.76 
 58.17 
 
 <i u 
 
 " " < from arroyo 
 < " 
 
 .< !!!!!!"!!" 
 
 Croppings Bushel! 
 
 
 it it 
 
 ti 11 
 
 Croppings Saint Louis 
 
 
 ii K 
 
 ii it it 
 
 Assays irom the La Purissima croppings, lowest, $18.61 silver, $6.43 
 gold; highest, $271.09 silver, $27.21 gold. The Knoxville, Webster, Ve- 
 lasco and Ojero run from $20 to $800 per ton, in common with the mines on 
 that lode. The Forsythe runs from $25 to $275 per ton. The Rickard 
 from $20 to $200, and the Eagle from $25.75 silver, and $3.48 gold, to 
 $478.92 silver, and $12 gold. 
 
 The metal on the Bushell is very even in appearance and assay value at 
 corresponding depths along the vein, and the ore on the Saint Louis is re- 
 markably well denned and even in value for a long distance on the vein. 
 There is nowhere in Arizona a better property than these mines, and I sim- 
 ply state with my twenty odd years of experience, in this section and in 
 Mexieo, that I have never seen a location offering more prospects of success 
 than those of the Buehell and of the Saint Louis mines. You know how 
 enthusiastic my views are upon the La Purissima, the Ojero, the Eagle, the 
 Forsythe, and the others, but I am satisfied that you will attain a greater 
 development in the two now incorporated, for a given sum expended, than 
 in any of the others. These are mines which are ready to pay you 
 back money from the first stroke of the pick, for there is ore from the very 
 grass roots, and of magnificent quality, and in immense quantities. 
 
 By all means get a mill at work at the earliest possible day upon these 
 ores. The stamps will speak for the value of the mines better than the 
 reports of all the experts who ever saw them. I would like to give a bond 
 to furnish a twenty stamp mill with ores from these mines, and only start 
 at work extracting ores 30 days before the mill began to work ; the mill 
 would never catch up, even if but a small force were judiciously worked. No 
 one realizes better than myself, who have watched this section for so many 
 years, what a debt of gratitude Southern Arizona, and especially the Aztec 
 and Tyndall mining districts owe to your labors, since you originated the 
 old Aztec Syndicate, and I am confident your efforts hare been and are ap- 
 
13 
 
 predated in this section by every business man, miner and farmer; I am 
 quite certain, that your success in the Toltec Syndicate will be as great or 
 greater even than in the first enterprise, for the basis is a most magnificent 
 property, and being under the present control and management, there can 
 be one but result success. 
 
 Very respectfully your friend, 
 
 THOS. DAVIS. 
 
 [From the Tucson (Arizona) Star, June 13th ; 1878.] 
 TOLTEC SYNDICATE OF MINES. 
 
 OLD PIONEERS AGAIN TO THE FRONT ORGANIZATION OF A NEW SYNDICATE 
 
 AZTEC AND TYNDALL DISTRICTS AGAIN IN THE FIELD. 
 
 We are pleased to learn from John E. Magee, who has just returned 
 from San Francisco, that more of the mines in the Aztec and Tyndall dis- 
 tricts are to be put into an organization, which is to be known as the 
 "Toltec Syndicate of Mines/' The formation of this company was per- 
 fected during Mr. Magee's stay in San Francisco, and the officers are 
 as follows : 
 
 Managing Director Col. John D. Graham. 
 
 Treasurer C. S. Benedict. 
 
 Superintendent John E. Magee. 
 
 Secretary Charles Cranz, Jr. 
 
 The office-} of the company are at rooms 14 and 15, 302 Montgomery 
 street, San Francisco. In the districts named the company has a group of 
 ten selected mines, which are well known among miners as containing the 
 precious metals in great quantities, and all that is required is capital for 
 development. The Syndicate is composed of twenty shares, all of which 
 that is to be so!4 have already been taken by leading capitalists. As we 
 said before, the mines are located in the Aztec and Tyndall districts, and 
 some of them have a history which at once stamps them among the most 
 important and desirable in the country. Some of theui have been worked 
 by the Jesuit Fathers, by an ancient process, the evidences of which still 
 linger about the mines. The properties have been held by the present 
 owners for the past three years, under all the dangers and difficulties inci- 
 dent to the country from hostile Indians, and now place them in the Syn- 
 dicate. In December last the editor of the Star paid a visit to the Aztec 
 property, passing over some of the mines now included in the new Syndi- 
 cate, which attracted the attention of our party iu a great degree, the 
 croppings and general indications being of that character to attrpct upon 
 the surface. There is all the evidence necessary for a practical miner to be 
 convinced of the large quantities of ore deposited in the selected section 
 composing the Syndicate, and its development, we undjrs'.a/.id, will be 
 speedy and thorough. 
 
 We are glad to know that the old pioneers, Messrs. Graham and Magee 
 who brought ou& uhe Aztec district, and Introduced it so successfully to 
 eastern capitalists, are again in the field to aid in the further development 
 of southern Arizona, and knowing the districts in which they are operating, 
 and the energy, sagacity and foresight of the gentlemen managing the 
 Syndicate, we are confident success will attend them. From Mr. Magee's 
 notes and reports of the mines composing the Syndicate, we extract the 
 following : 
 
 "The names of the mines composing the Syndicate are the Bushell, 
 Eagle and Forsythe, in the Tyndall district, and the Saint Louis, La Puris- 
 
14 
 
 sima, Rickard, Knoxville, Ojero, Velasco and Webster in the Aztec district. 
 The Webster, Velasco and Knoxville mines are situated on the eastern end 
 of the famous Empress of India lode. The indications and croppings on 
 this mine are of the same character as that of the now famous Montezuma 
 mine, while the Velasco and Knoxville mines are superior in many respects. 
 Assays have been made which show all the way from $40 to $500 per 
 ton of silver. The Saint Louis mine lies about one mile in a southeasterly 
 direction from Camp Toltec, on the main eastern spur of the Empress of 
 India lode, parallel and adjoining the Velasco mine on the south. It shows 
 on the west end a large body of mineral, one hundred and fifty feet in 
 length and from ten to fifteen in width, while the vein the whole length of 
 the mine shows mineral at various points. An arroyo cuts the vein near 
 the west end of the mine, in the bottom of whieh, embedded in granite 
 and porphyry, it shows a width of from twelve to fourteen feet. I con- 
 sider this mine a very valuable property. The Ojero, Rickard and La- 
 Purissima mines all show mineral on their surface, assaying from $25 to 
 $410 per tori, of silver. The Purissima is situated on the eastern end of 
 the Jefferson lode. Its ores are galena, being the only one of the ten that 
 contains any amount of this metal. The Bushell, or old Tumacacori Mis- 
 sion Mine, lies near Salero Hill, on the Hamilton lode. There are some 
 very old crude workings on this mine. The Jesuit Fathers, who founded 
 the old Tumacacori Mission, on the Santa Cruz river, worked this mine 
 somewhat extensively. The ores are copper blend, copper, silver glance, 
 carbonates, and some chlorides. The beautiful blue and green colors 
 attracted the attention of the Indians, who were under the guidance of 
 the Church, who brought samples to the Fathers, who soon ascertained 
 their value. Some four old shafts or irregular shaped holes, from eighteen 
 to twenty-six feet in depth, are now to be seen on the mine, while the vein 
 shows a stripping of some three hundred feet. For six hundred and 
 eighty feet there is plainly visible a body of mineral frdm thirty inches 
 to four feet wide. The vein is a true fissure. The walls its casings, and 
 the country rock, are all a miner could wish. With a small outlay this 
 mine will be put upon a paying basis, as there is no more promising prop- 
 erty in southern Arizona. 
 
 [Extracts from Hinton's Hand-Book of Arizona.] 
 THE SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS. 
 
 The bold sweep of the Santa Rita mountain range, with its massive and 
 serrated peaks, is the one commanding object on which the observing eye 
 rests, in whichever direction the traveler approaches. Passing southward 
 from Tucson down the valley of the Santa Cruz, as the American would be 
 most likely to do, the outlines of the great peaks rise hazy but bold in the 
 distance, against the wondrously clear sky, while growing more majestic 
 and imposing as the day's declining journey brings him almost under the 
 sweeping shadows of Mount Wrightson. It was in sight of this superb 
 range that the old Aztecs and Toltecs journeyed, and along its base, in the 
 beautiful valley of Santa Cruz, passed the Spanish explorer and conqueror, 
 priest or soldier, it mattered but little to the primitive people living in the 
 Primera Alta. From its once secure and savage fastness, old Cachise and 
 his warrior Apaches have swept down on settler, miner aad traveler, until 
 the region was desolated by his forays. The mastering Spaniard soldier 
 or priest never seems to have lifted those they mastered, but on the con- 
 trary, were in their turn mastered by the Apache. The Santa Cruz river 
 
15 
 
 rises in Arizona, on the east side of the Patagonia mountains, flowing 
 southward a short distance into Sonora, where it makes a considerable bena, 
 and sweeps northward through the Potrero, and flowing along the eastern 
 base of the Sierras Pajarito and Atascoso, till above Tubac the valley 
 broadens into a great plain, in which the little river meanders until it 
 strikes again the Sierra Tucson, near the town of that name, and along be- 
 yond the base of which it flows northward for miles, when it sinks and is 
 lost permanently. It is supposed to enter the Gila by some subterranean 
 channel near Florence, about 130 miles from the potrero or gateway by 
 which it enters Arizona. The valley of the Santa Cruz, south from Tnc- 
 son, comprises that portion of Arizona of which the most is known, and in 
 which the Spaniards and Anglo-Saxons have struggled the hardest to maintain 
 themselves against the sullen and desperate onslaughts of the destroying 
 savage, until at last the latter has dashed himself to fragments. Tucson 
 marks the termination of the Spanish effort. Below it may be found the 
 evidence of its most steadfast endeavor in the section under consideration. 
 The best Spanish map handed down to us is that of El. P. E. Pedro (a copy 
 of which is found elsewhere), bearing date 1775. This shows quite a number 
 of missions, pueblos, as well as two presidios, between the present frontier 
 line of Mexico and the town of Tucson. Among these is the Mission of 
 Tumacacori, the Presidio of Tubac and the Mission of San Xavierdel Bac, 
 the church and building of which latter are still standing. According to 
 Bishop Sapienta of Tucson, the first mission church of San Xavier was 
 erected in 1670 the one now in existence, nearly a century later. The 
 Mission of San D,)minick, at Tuqueson, or Tucson, was located in 1650, 
 about a csntury after Coronado's expedition for the conquest of the seven 
 cities of Cibola, passed up this valley. A military post had however exis- 
 ted there for three-quarters of a century, The Tumacacori mission is quite 
 a modern affair by the side of those named. The first church building was 
 constructed in 1752, and the one whose ruins are shown in the accomp-.iumg 
 engraving was built in 1802. It was destroyed by the Apaches in 18A). 
 
 The valley of the Santa Cruz at Tubac is at least 2,000 feet above sea 
 level, while the Atasco range to the west, that brown, bald and bare, looks 
 down upon the old and dilapidated town and the lovely valley, in which, 
 like some huge daub on a fair picture,it sets a very rugged specimen of an Ari- 
 zona range, has an altitude of about 6,000 feet. The Santa Rita rises, not pre- 
 ciptiously, like the western wall of the valley,but with a bold, grand, regular 
 swell, until the serrated ridge attains an altitude of 8,000 feet. 
 
 To the north and west is a bold but lesser cone, which it is pro- 
 pjsel to call Hopkins' Peak, in honor of Gilbert Hopkins, a fa- 
 mous mining engineer slain within the shadows of these mountains by 
 the murderous Apaches. To the east aad south of Mount Wright- 
 son rises another and smaller peai, which, has b3en called Grrosvenor, in 
 honor of another bold pioneer, who, in 1831, wa* slain near the old hacienda 
 at Santa Rita, shortly before Mr. Wrightson, the manager of the Salero 
 Company, lost his life. Prof. Raphael Pumpelly, who was then engineer of 
 the works and mines, the ruins and shafts of which are plainly seen from 
 the Santa Cruz valley by the aid of a g)od glass, gives a spirited account of 
 what life in southern Arizona and with the Apaches on the war-path was at 
 that time, in his valuable bjok, " Across America and Asia," which sh>uld 
 be read by all who desire the testimony of an accomplished savant and min- 
 eralogist as to the vast mineral wealth imbedded in this range. 
 
 The Santa Oruz flows very near tne Sierra AUsco, at whose base 
 this evidence of Jesuit endeavor and sacrifice is seen a strange spec- 
 
16 
 
 tacle indeed in so wild a land. Looking eastwardly, the eye takes in for 
 some miles a bold reach of rising mesa, whose rugged lines are made pictur- 
 esque by the abundant oaks and mesquits,and are softened by a greyish-brown 
 gramma grass, which is here so abundant. During the rainy seasons the 
 Santa Rita is verdant to the summit of the ridge, and the scene is altogether 
 striking and beautiful. The narrow valley, at this point two miles wide, 
 has an abundant fringe of ash, mesquit and cottonwood trees, the laUer 
 being of the largest size. There is a sufficiency of water for all purposes, 
 and, with careful engineering, irrigation will always find ample supply. 
 _ The ruins of St. Joseph Mission, Tumacacori, are located on the west 
 side of the Santa Cruz, about a quarter of a mile from the dwelling of 
 Mr. King. There is abundant evidence of long continued cultivation in 
 the vicinity, and still with the rather shiftless farming of the present, 
 rancherias in the vicinity bring good returns. The mission buildings, 
 of which sufficient remains to show their character, were of large extent, 
 and yet cover a considerable area. 
 
 Prof. Thomas Davis, Superintendent of the Aztec Syndicate Mines, 
 who has spent the last thirty years in the mineral fields of Mexico and 
 the United Stateg, states that when he first passed down the Santa Cruz 
 Valley in 1849, the church roof was nearly intact, and much of the interior 
 was in good preservation. There were many fruit trees, pomegranates, 
 peaches, etc., bearing profusely, and the walls that once enclosed the home 
 orchard and garden were still to be traced by the eye. They are now almost 
 obliterated. The church ruins stand square with the compass, the principal 
 front facing the south. At the rear or north end, there is a high wall in 
 good preservation, enclosing a circular mortuary, still perfect. Within this 
 enclosure, evidently the ground for meditation, the wall contains niches, still 
 perfectly defined and evidently once used as shrines. It is notable that the 
 place of sepulchre should be the one best preserved. To the west of the 
 church is a large enclosure, the walls of which are readily traced. It is 
 evident that this was the work-yard of the mission, as there are the remains 
 of arastas, rude smelting vassos or furnaces, a few heaps of debris, etc., 
 to show that the good Jesuits were actively engaged in the mining and 
 working of ores. On the east of the church can be traced soms buildings, 
 which appear to have been the mission residence. 
 
 This mission has an eventful history. At the time of our war of independ- 
 ence it was in the full tide of its activity. The sagacious padres looked after 
 not only the salvation of their Indian peons and converts, but even more 
 strenuously sought the temporal results to be obtained for their church and 
 the Society of Jesus, by working the wonderful mineral lodes located in the 
 mountains that overshadow these ruins, or are outlined in front of them at a 
 few miles distance. 
 
 The earlier and more positive information of settlements in the Santa Cruz 
 valley, from the Sonora line to Tucson, show that the Missions of San Xavier 
 del Bac, St. Gertrude, at Tubac, St. Joseph, at Tumacacori, San Miguel, of 
 Sonoita, those of Guevavi, Calabasas, Arinaca and Santa Anna, existed in 1751. 
 In that year, one Luis, from the town of Saric, who passed himself off as a 
 sorcerer, instigated the Indians of Poimaria Alta to a rebellion against the 
 Spanish government and its missions, and these Indians, together with the 
 Series, caused the priests great suffering and loss, killing three of their num- 
 ber and hindering all the missionaries in their religious duties until 1754, when 
 peace came. They were undisturbed again at Tumacacori until an Indian ris- 
 ing in 1802, by which the first church was destroyed. It was replaced by the 
 structure whose ruins are now seen. Then came the revolution in Mexico. 
 The republic was established, the Jesuits banished, and their church property 
 
17 
 
 confiscated. The Tumacacori mission was abandoned, and naught remains of 
 their history and doings, as known to the world, but tales handed down from 
 generation to generation, and one or two books, which speak of the Salero, 
 Tumacacori (the Bushell), and Plancha de la Plata mines. The Salero is in 
 the Tyndall district, the Tumacacori has never been found, and the Plancha de 
 la Plata, or Placers of Silver, are located some twenty miles southwest of here, 
 stretching across the boundary line. 
 
 This region, like the balance of Arizona, is perhaps less known to the coun- 
 try at large than any other portion of our continental area, and yet no portion 
 of our frontier territory has ever been so extensively written about, or more 
 thoroughly examined in years gone by, as well as more recently. A talented 
 group of men, many of them widely known in the] public events of the past two 
 decades, have been connected with the Santa Cruz valley and the mineral ex- 
 ploration of the Santa Rita, Tioajalta and Patagonia sierras. From 1858 to 
 1861, the town of Tubac was headquarters for the Salero Mining Company, 
 and also for the Cerro Colorado and other organizations. The first named was 
 a Cincinnati Company, formed to work the Solero and other mines to the east 
 of the Tumacacori mission, already described. Mr. Wrightson, formerly of the 
 Cincinnati Enquirer, was its organizer and earliest manager. H. C. Grosvenor, 
 an English engineer, was also superintendent ; Gilbert Hopkins, a well-known 
 mineralogist and engineer, Professor Raphael Pumpelly, geologist, engineer 
 and author, now professor at Harvard, were the earliest American explorers and 
 workers connected with this company. Colonel C. C. Poston, formerly dele- 
 gate in Congress and now Register of the United States Land Office; Gen.Heint- 
 zleman, a veteran of the old army, Gen. C. P. Stone (now Chief of Staff in the 
 Egyptian army), Lieut. Sylvester Mowry, Sam Butterworth, Colonel Talcott, 
 Herman Ehrenberg, Gustavus Kustel, Frederick Brunkow, mining engineers of 
 repute, were among the daring men who sought for treasure here, and while find- 
 ing it, were found by the Apaches and compelled to leave. Some of them, nota- 
 bly Wrightson, Hopkins and Grosvenor, and also a brother of Col. Poston, lost 
 their lives, and were buried under the shadow of these ' everlasting hills." 
 The records and reports left by these daring explorers are in evidence of the 
 vast wealth barely touched in the Santa Rita, though native Aztec, Jesuit 
 priest and Spanish explorer have worked in them for centuries past. The im- 
 portance of this region can be seen when it is stated that seventy-five years ago 
 the Spanish records shows that there were 150 silver mines in operation within 
 fifteen miles circuit of the Presidio of Tubac. J. Ross Browne, in his decidedly 
 interesting work, the "Apache Country," as also in his reply to the general 
 government, on the mines and minerals of the United States, Colonel Cretnony in 
 a work on the Apaches, Bartlett's Personal Narrative of the United States 
 Boundary Survey, Dr. Rothrock of the Wheeler Expeditions, Professor Riymond, 
 Whipple, Emory, Cooke and other officers of the United States Ar.-ny, all 
 refer to both the mineral wealth and the natural beauty and attractiveness 
 of this region. 
 
 Starting from the ruins of Tumacacori into the heart of the former Apache 
 fastness, whose mountain sides are yet fed with the blood Cachise has shed, the 
 footsteps of later adventurers maybe easily and more pleasurably traced. The 
 activity produced by the success already beginning to crown the tenacious exer- 
 tions and courage of men like Colonel John D. Graham, the able Secretary ot 
 the Aztec Syndicate, of Professor Davis, its Superintendent, who twenty-eight 
 years since, prospected this region at the risk of his life ; of ex-Governor Saf- 
 ford, the ablest Executive Arizona has had, and John B. Magee, the active and 
 talented resident manager of the Aztec property, of Charles Brown, Tom Rod- 
 dick, Captain Smitli (now dead), and others, men who have never lost courage 
 and have steadily pressed on to their work amid privations, danger and arduous 
 exertions this success is in remarkable contrast with defeats and losses that 
 preceded the present situation. It has not been all plain sailing, how- 
 
18 
 
 ever, nor are all the obstacles overcome. None remain, however, which capi- 
 tal, courage and industry will not surmount. 
 
 According to the reports handed down, the Tumacacori mine was distant as 
 the crow flies, but a short morning's walk from the Mission in the valley below. 
 The Hamilton lode, upon which are the Hamilton and Bushell mines, lies 
 exactly east, and less than ten miles off. There is still an old trail plainly 
 discernible, which strikes the present wagon-road some distance below the old 
 hacienda. Mr. Wrightson, the first American superintendent, reported on these 
 mines in 1859, that: 
 
 "The ores are suited to both smelting and amalgamation The smelting 
 ores are those in which there is a very large admixture of lead or a very rich 
 sulphuret of silver and copper. The amalgamation ores are those where the 
 culls of silver and copper predominate. The Crystal and the Encarnacion 
 mines yield smelting ores. The Bustillo, the Cazader, the Ojero and the Juller 
 mines yield ores which by assortment can be treated by both processes. The 
 Salero yields amalgamation ore." 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM THE PRESS. 
 
 [From the Los Angeles Evening Express, December 3d, 1877.] 
 ARIZONA MINES. 
 
 Three days ago, Col. J. D. Graham, Secretary of the Aztec Syndicate, 
 arrived here with a large party of gentlemen of financial standing in several 
 of the eastern cities, on their way to Arizona, to inspect a number of mines 
 in the Aztec District. They had made their arrangements to spend a few 
 days in our city, visiting our orange groves and vineyards, and will start on 
 the train to-morrow for Yuma. The party consists of Col. John D. Graham 
 of San Francisco, Col. Wm. G. Boyle, of Arizona, H. R. Allen, of Indian- 
 apolis, John K. Wallace, of Philadelphia, F. H. Steel, of Oil City, Pa., Alex. 
 Whildin, of Philadelphia, Col. Chas. W. Tozer, San Francisco, E. Conklin, 
 of Frank Leslie's Illustrated News, and Col. R. J. Hinton, editor of the San 
 Francisco Post. The particular mines which these gentlemen are on their 
 way to examine, are the Aztec, the Inca, the Iturbide, the Almoner, and 
 others belonging to the Aztec Syndicate. They are not new mines ; the vein 
 was worked one hundred years ago by the Jesuits, with great success. The 
 Apaches, however, have, up to a very recent period, held possession of the 
 Territory, excepting during a short interval about twenty years ago, when 
 the mines were reopened, and paid handsomely; such authorities in mines as 
 Professor Pumpelly, now of Harvard University, J. Ross Browne and Pro- 
 fessors Ehrenberg, Hopkins, "Wrightson and Grosvenor have, at different 
 times, examined these mines, and reported very favorably upon them. 
 Professor Wm. T. Rickard, F. C. S., is now there in charge of the metallur- 
 gical department of the Company, who propose to put up mills and smelting 
 works immediately. The company have one of the best water power ease- 
 ments on the coast, near the mines on the Sonoita river, and turbine wheels 
 and other machinery is now on its way there, to ba put to utiliza tha water 
 power to run their mills. 
 
 The party will proceed from Yuma to Tucson, and thence to the mines in 
 their own conveyances, Col. Graham having sent forward by yesterday's 
 train eight fine Kentucky mules and two large travelling wagons. We look 
 upon this as the most important party from abroad which has yet taken an 
 interest in the development of mining property in Arizona. They represent 
 a large amount of capital, and will report for parties who are able and will- 
 ing to make very extensive investments in the mines of that Territory, if the 
 facts come up to their expectations. A variety of circumstances are in pro- 
 gress, which induce us to believe that we are on the eve of witnessing a 
 
19 
 
 great mining revival in Arizona Eastern capitalists are beginning to take a 
 lively interest in the mines of that Territory, and the splendid developments 
 made recently at various points in Arizona, have attracted an attention to its 
 metal resouces, which must necessarily, in our opinion, result in testing 
 thoroughly the capacity of the leads already opened. If we should greatly 
 discount our present anticipations, and realize but a very small proportion 
 of the hopes we now have in reference to that Territory, it would still become 
 a very prosperous mining country. We are aware that the men who pioneer 
 the way to new settlements are always sanguine, but we have had proofs in 
 reference to the rich mineral character of Arizona which we cannot brush 
 aside. When the mines of that Territory are properly developed by capital 
 and energy, we feel assured that a new El Dorado will be opened that will 
 eclipse Nevada. 
 
 [From the Yuma, (Arizona,) Sentinel, December 8th, 1877.] 
 
 On Monday came Col. John D. Graham of the Aztec Syndicate, with 
 eight fine large Kentucky mules, a good saddle horse, two ambulances, and 
 the most complete travelling outfit ever brought into Arizona; one of the 
 wagons was an ambulance built expressly for Dr. Dio Lewis' famous 
 Yosemite trip, and the other was just as good. A couple of days were passed 
 here in shoeing the animals and putting the outfits into thorough good con- 
 dition. 
 
 On Wednesday morning came Col. W. G. Boyle, well known in mining 
 circles, and Col. R. J. Hinton, of the San Francisco Post; with them came a 
 party of eastern capitalists, travelling for pleasure, health and information. 
 They are guests of Col. Graham, and will be shown everything of interest in 
 Southern Arizona; whether they make any investments among us depends 
 entirely on whether they see anything that suits them, and is a secondary 
 consideration. Their party consists of Col. Chas. W. Tozer, an old Arizo- 
 nian, who has made one of his periodical "big raises," who knows the 
 Santa Rita's, and wants some; Dr. H. R. Allen, who is known as an able 
 business man of ample fortune, and has been very successful in mining en- 
 terprises in Nevada and Montana ; Mr. Alexander Whildin, a wealthy retired 
 merchant of Philadelphia; Mr. John K. Wallace, one of the great oil men of 
 Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania oil country; Mr. F . H. Steel, a wealthy 
 banker of the oil country, who has been looking up mining properties in 
 Montana, and taken an interest in such enterprises, though he is here 
 chiefly in search of health; Mr. E. Conklin, an artist connected with Frank 
 Leslie, and agent of the American Press Association, is also a guest of Col. 
 Graham, and will take photographic views and sketches of the Santa Rita 
 mountains, mines and other objects of interest. He has been out here be- 
 fore, and is well and favorably known. 
 
 Col. Graham is a pusher, and is now trying to wake eastern people up to 
 a realizing sense of the extent and richness of Arizona's resources; Boyle is 
 an old Arizona pioneer, and an old Nevada miner. To advance the interests 
 of this Territory he has labored unceasingly, both in the United States and 
 abroad; he has interested English capitalists here, and they are doing work 
 here now. The party will take its time in reaching Tucson; they propose to 
 camp one night at the Casa Grande, and sleep in the old ruins revel in the 
 halls of the most ancient of the Montezumas. 
 
 These Eastern men are prepared to overlook the newness and difficulties of 
 the country; thanks to Graham's thoughtful care, they can look leisurely up- 
 on its good points, and have no incentive to carp upon its bad ones. They 
 are men who move at home in circles where Arizona most wants to be known 
 and talked about. They will go back with clearer and better ideas of the 
 resources of the country than can be had by men travelling here with fewer 
 
20 
 
 facilities than theirs for obtaining information. They will go back, and be 
 living, eloquent advertisements of Arizona, and do much to influence capital 
 to seek us. We are satisfied that if these gentlemen will look with impar- 
 tial eyes, they can form but one conclusion, favorable to us. Arizona has 
 the resources, and only wants just such chances for showing them; the dust 
 and dreariness of the Gila road will be forgotten in the beauty and wealth 
 of the Santa Bita mountains. The course being pursued by Col. Graham 
 is one that should be followed by others interested in the development of 
 Arizona. Instead of grumbling because capitalists will not come here on the 
 strength of rich specimens and big assays, they invite influential parties 
 to come and see what we have here, and provide every means for securing 
 their guests' comfort and pleasure ; the best proof of the merits of their min - 
 ing property may be found in their anxiety to have people examine it . 
 
 [From the Tucson Star, December 13th, 1877.] 
 COL. GKAHAM'S PAETY. 
 
 Col. John D. Graham, Secretary of the Aztec Syndicate, is now en route to 
 Tucson, with a large party of eastern capitalists, who are on a prospecting 
 tour in Arizona, looking after mining interests, and if developments are sat- 
 isfactory, they intend to invest largely in mining speculations. They arrived 
 in Yuma on Monday last, where their own outfit awaited them, composed of 
 eight Kentucky mules, two ambulances and a saddle horse, with which they 
 started over the country. We have heard of this party at different stations 
 along the route, the last time at Maricopa, and they are expected to arrive 
 here on Friday or Saturday next. The party numbers about twenty, among 
 whom are Col. Boyle, well known in Arizona, Col. K. J. Hinton, of the San 
 Francisco Post, Col. Charles W. Tozer, also an old Arizonian, Dr. H. K.. 
 Allen, founder of the National Surgical Institute at Indianapolis, who has 
 branch establishments at Atlanta, Philadelphia and San Francisco. The 
 latter has mining interests in Nevada and Montana; Alex. Whildin, a wealthy 
 retired merchant of Philadelphia; John K. Wallace of Philadelphia, whose 
 heavy oil operations in Pennsylvania, during the past ten years, are well 
 known to the writer, who formerly resided in the oil regions. He is a gentle- 
 man who means business. We know it from personal observation. F. H. 
 Steele, banker, from the Pennsylvania oil regions, we have known for many 
 years. Of the last two gentlemen we can speak from personal knowledge, 
 and, indeed, we are glad to see them turning their attention Arizonaward, 
 and we hope may strike a " third sander," the pebble rock of which is good 
 for a thousand barrels a day. Just think of it, fellow oil searchers: refined 
 oil retails in Tucson at $2.00 a gallon. If you put down a shaft for silver 
 and gold, just put down a 3-inch driving pipe, with a sand pump, and who 
 knows but your gold and silver rock will throw up the same crude oil that 
 has made you all rich in years gone by. Gold, silver, copper, lead and 
 crude oil, all in one hole pretty strong, but how we would like to scent it 
 once. The editor of the Star received a letter on Monday last from C. D. 
 Angell, Esq., dated at Florence, which stated he was going to Globe City, 
 and would come around this way during his prospecting tour. Mr. Angell 
 is one of the foremost oil men of Pennsylvania ; the discoverer of the " oil 
 belt theory," which traces the oil in the rock thousands of feet below the 
 surface. He, too, is one of the successful men of the Pennsylvania oil 
 regions. If he bores for oil he will go to the " sixth sand " (shamburg), but 
 he will strike a lead. We hope to shake his hand within a few days. Mr. 
 E. Conklin, an artist for Frank Leslie's newspaper, is with the Aztec party. 
 Look out for illustrations of our country. There are many others with the 
 party. Col. Graham is the instigator of this excursion of capitalists, and 
 their visit to Arizona may be laid at his door. If we had a few more Col. 
 
 

 21 
 
 Grahams, to take some active part in introducing eastern men, or any other 
 men with capital, and 'developing our Territory, Arizona would soon step to 
 the front. 
 
 [From the Tucson Weekly Star, December 20th, 1877.] 
 THE AZTEC MINING DISTEICT. 
 
 As was announced in our last issue, a large party of gentlemen arrived in 
 this city on Friday last, bound for the Aztec mining district, in the Santa 
 Eita mountains. This party was invited by Col. John D. Graham, through 
 Col. Boyle, during his late trip to the East, to visit the property of the Aztec 
 Syndicate, and, after a very pleasant trip from Yuma, lasting ten days, the 
 party found themselves in the comfortable quarters of ,Gov. Safford, with a 
 prospect of a few days' rest before them, previous to leaving for the mines. 
 
 The following gentlemen comprise the party who will visit the mines: Dr. 
 H.E.Allen, of Indianapolis, Ind.; Alex. Whildin, Esq., of Philadelphia, 
 Pa.; John K. Wallace, Esq., of Philadelphia, Pa.; Frank H. Steel, Esq., of 
 Oil City, Pa., Col. Chas. W. Tozer, of San Francisco; Col. E. J. Hinton, of 
 San Francisco; E. Conklin, Esq., of Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, 
 and agent of the American Press Association; and Col. J. D. Graham, of San 
 Francisco, under whose care the party have travelled since leaving San Fran- 
 cisco. 
 
 The party were warmly received by our leading citizens, and every facility 
 shown them to guage our resources in Tucson and its surrounding and tribu- 
 tary country. The prospects 6f our various mining districts have been laid 
 before them, and much good may be looked for in this section, from the 
 scrutiny and investigation of our mining resources which these gentlemen 
 will give them. Dr. Allen and Col. Tozer are both thoroughly competent to 
 report upon such subjects, and we feel well assured it only requires an inves- 
 tigation on the part of competent men to place Southern Arizona in its true 
 light ; to this end Colonel Graham has labored unceasingly in this country 
 and in Europe for many years, and through good and ill report he has been 
 steadfast in his opinions that the Santa Eita Mountains offered the finest field 
 to mining men known in the world. All of the concomitants of successful 
 mining are here ores, wood, water, grass, the most equable and delightful 
 climate known; all going to make up a mining district whose advantages have 
 rarely been equalled never surpassed. The party left on Monday last with 
 their own teams, and will be absent probably ten days or more, if the weather 
 permits and circumstances require it; during this time they will be kept busy 
 in the mountains and in the valleys which encircle the Santa Eita's. During 
 the trip Mr. Conklin took a large number of photographs of prominent 
 beauties and curiosities in the Territory, and he will, in addition to this, 
 photograph all notable objects in the Santa Cruz Valley and in the Santa 
 Eita's, including the mines of the Aztec Syndicate. A number of mines 
 belonging to Colonel Graham individually, if it is possible to make the time, 
 and various lodes and old workings, and the old Hacienda de Santa Eita, the 
 scene of Prof. Eaphael Pumpelly's labors many years since scenes made 
 famous by Hon. J. Eoss Browne, Cozzens, Hodge, Wrightson, Kustel, Ehren- 
 berg and others will be visited also, and, from this the people of the United 
 States may be enabled to learn something of the country so long terra incog- 
 nita the land of the Apaches the Santa Eita mountains. We availed our- 
 self of an invitation kindly extended by Col. Graham to make one of the ex- 
 ploring party, and in our next issue we shall try to give our readers a full, 
 true and particular account of where we went and what we saw with the 
 Aztec party in the Santa Eita's. (This visit is referred to in the News Letter 
 article of Jan. 19th, 1878.) 
 
22 
 
 [From the San Francisco News Letter, January 6th, 1878.] 
 LATEST FROM ARIZONA. 
 
 Some weeks since we alluded to the arrival in this city of a party of eastern 
 capitalists en route to visit the property, mines, etc., of the Aztec Syndicate, 
 in the Santa Rita mountains of southern Arizona. Since the publication 
 alluded to, the party has made the trip to Arizona and returned therefrom. 
 From Yuma the journey to Toltec Camp (15 miles from the Sonora line) was 
 made in private conveyances, purchased for the trip by Col. Graham, secre- 
 tary of the Aztec Syndicate. The return trip was made in part by stage. 
 We understand that the eastern visitors are entirely satisfied, not only with 
 Arizona's general capacities as a mining region, and the Territory's capacity 
 to sustain a large population and return remunerative results for bold outlays 
 of capital, but that they are especially pleased with the property they went 
 to visit, finding it as they did, a mineral region with unparalleled natural 
 advantages of accessibility, climate, poil, grass, wood and water, and possess- 
 ing almost unlimited mineralogical facilities. The Aztec mines are, so far as 
 developed (the work was only begun last June), quite as promising as ex- 
 pected, while the mountain spurs are permeated in every direction with 
 mineral bodies and veins. Col. Graham, of the Syndicate, possesses the 
 only available water power of the region, situated in the Sonoita Valley; at 
 the mill site the measurement showed a present capacity of 250 miners' 
 inches. The stream is permanent, being fed from a mountain spring, and 
 in general the capacity equals 400 miners' inches. Active work is being done 
 on the mill site, and one of Professor Rick^ards' new patent Oxidizing and 
 Chloridizing Furnaces is now in process of construction, under the personal 
 direction of the Professor, who has been engaged as Metallurgist, etc., by the 
 Syndicate. Other works are projected and the machinery ordered. Dr. H. 
 R. Allen of the eastern party, is experienced in mining operations, being 
 largely interested in Montana and elsewhere. He brought to the examination 
 of this property both scientific knowledge and practical experience, and ex- 
 presses himself entirely satisfied with its capacities. Southern Arizona may 
 be congratulated on the fact that a large amount of eastern capital is sure to 
 be invested. The visitors passed over the proposed route of the Southern 
 Pacific Railroad, and expressed themselves as more than satisfied with the 
 prospects and purposes of the railroad managers. They will use their influ- 
 ence eastward at the national capital to aid the completion through Arizona 
 of the enterprise which has already constructed 800 miles of railroad with 
 no subsidy other than a moderate land grant. 
 
 [From the San Francisco News Letter, Jan. 19th, 1878.] 
 THE AZTEC SYNDICATE. 
 
 We are persuaded"^ that those who at this moment are engaged in opening 
 up the marvelous wealth of Arizona, will, in the near future, occupy as con- 
 spicuous and as enviable a position, before the whole nation, as do the early 
 Californian pioneers of '49. Arizona is undoubtedly going to do grea 
 things for the country. It has been aptly termed by Col. Graham, th< 
 father of the great Aztec Syndicate " THE TREASTJBE HOME OF THE CONTINENT. ' 
 Heretofore it has had that treasure house locked up by the difficulties 
 which time has now well nigh conquered. The Apaches overran the Terri- 
 tory, and rendered it practically inaccessible to civilized enterprise; then th6 
 absence of the ordinary means of transit made it impossible to develope its 
 mountains and valleys pregnant with the precious metals. The rapid pro- 
 gress made by the Southern Pacific Railroad, has, in a large degree, removed 
 that difficulty; for now one may leave San Francisco in the morning by rail, 
 
23 
 
 and within three days and a half be landed in the very heart of Arizona; 
 other means of transit will rapidly increase, and soon the Territory, in most 
 of its more promising parts, will be as open to industry and capital, as is 
 California itself. Thus the road to the treasure house being made compara- 
 tively easy and absolutely safe, it only remains that capital should apply the 
 necessary key, that will reveal to view the vast stores of wealth that nature 
 has concentrated in that region. We have intimated an opinion, that those 
 now engaged in developing Arizona, will, at a day not far distant be classed 
 with the Calif ornian pioneers of '49; when that day arrives, as it assuredly 
 will ere long, we are persuaded that the members of the Aztec Syndicate 
 will be looked upon with gratitude, and be esteemed among the foremost 
 benefactors of Arizona. This we say with no present intent to flatter any 
 one, but with a feeling strong upon us as to the great future that is in store 
 for the enterprise now being pushed forward in Arizona. The Aztec Syndi- 
 cate was formed on April 24th, 1877, by five gentlemen residents in San 
 Francisco, the leading spirit of the enterprise being Col. Graham. Work 
 was begun in June following, on shaft No. 1 of the Aztec Mine; since that 
 time there have been successfully incorporated, the Inca, Iturbide and 
 Almoner mines, and operations are being carried on with energy and econ- 
 omy upon each. Since the inauguration of the Syndicate, Eastern capital 
 has joined in the enterprise; and last month a party of gentlemen inter- 
 ested, invited by Col. Graham, visited the district, examined the Syndicate 
 property and operations, and came away delighted with one, and satisfied 
 with the other. 
 
 The Arizona Weekly Star of December the 27th, last, is at hand, with a 
 highly interesting account, four columns long, of the visit of the gentlemen 
 alluded to, with a very minute and circumstantial description of the Syndi- 
 cate's works, operations, etc. We regret that it is too lengthy for reproduc- 
 tion in these columns. Among the party we notice the names of gentlemen 
 well and favorably known; there were present, Col. John D. Graham, Col- 
 onel Boyle, Dr. H. E. Allen, Alex. Whildin, Esq., John K. Wallace, Esq., 
 F. H. Steele, Esq., Col. Chas. W. Tozer, Col. E. J. Hinton, E. Conklin, Esq., 
 of Frank Leslie's Newspaper, Manager Magee and Mr. Holt. The report of 
 the local paper describes the various locations of the Aztec Syndicate, and 
 says: " A large dump has been formed at Camp Toltec, and ores are packed 
 in from each of the mines now being worked upon. The Iturbide and 
 Almoner mines lay nearer to Camp Toltec than do the others, and both show 
 evidences of great promise; a tunnel is being run into the Iturbide on the 
 central ledge. There are five large and distinct ledges on the mine, running 
 east and west; the ore is a yellow and green chloride, with a little galena, 
 and is uncommonly beautiful and abundant; when the tunnel reaches 100 
 feet into the hill, it is proposed to cross-cut all the ledges. To Us, the Itur- 
 bide looks very promising, and can be mined very easily. We are informed 
 by Col. Graham that he will, at an early day, organize another syndicate, and 
 place on the market some mines yet more valuable than any ever in the 
 Aztec Syndicate; we heartily trust that he may do so as his success is cer- 
 tain." An expert, reading the very minute report given, cannot fail to see 
 on the face of it good faith and an accurate knowledge of the subject treated 
 of. 
 
 On Wednesday last, among the departures for Arizona, were Col. Chas. 
 W. Tozer and Geo. E. Gibson of this city. They are, we understand, to be . 
 joined at Los Angeles by Mr. J. C. Waterman, of St. Joseph, Missouri, a 
 gentleman of influence and means, who is about to make an examination of 
 the Santa Rita mountains for mining purposes, and also the valleys adjacent, 
 with a view of locating a small agricultural colony. Mr. Gibson, whose abil- 
 ity as an investigator and financial writer is well known to all the readers of 
 the News Letter, goes to examine the Aztec Syndicate property in order to 
 
24 
 
 report thereon for eastern capitalists, while Colonel Tozer, whose ability as 
 a mining superintendent is everywhere recognized on this coast, goes to take 
 charge as resident manager of the important enterprises inaugurated by the 
 Syndicate. That body and southern Arizona is to be congratulated on Col. 
 Tozer's accession to the management of these mines, and a steady develop- 
 ment of undoubted mineral wealth of the Santa Rita's may now be looked 
 for "We have given as much space as we can afford to this subject ; many in- 
 teresting particulars remain in our possession, and may be dwelt upon here- 
 after. The News Letter, strongly impressed with the great promise of Ari- 
 zona, continues, as it early began, to lend its best influence to the develop- 
 ment of that marvelously rich region of country. 
 
 PUMPELLY'S EEPOET. 
 
 The Santa Eita mines, which include those spoken of herein, lie in an ele- 
 vated valley, between the Santa Eita mountains on the north, and a group 
 of low and rugged hills on the south. 
 
 They are are from fifteen to twenty miles north of the Mexican boundary, 
 and ten miles east of the town of Tubac. 
 
 The three nearest shipping ports are : 
 
 Fort Yuma, on the Colorado Eiver, - 370 miles. 
 
 Guaymas, on Gulf of California - - - - 260 " 
 Port Lobos, or Libertad, Gulf of California - 180 " 
 
 They are near the line proposed for the Texas Pacific Eailroad (and as 
 shown by the accompanying map, on the line of the Southern Pacific Eail- 
 road), which offers the fewest engineering difficulties of any possible route 
 across the continent. Arizona, south of the Gila, extends over both slopes 
 of the Eocky mountains, which here lose their continuous character, giving 
 rise to almost unconnected mountain groups. It is traversed from north- 
 west to south-east, by mountain ranges of granite and metamorphic rocks, 
 seldom more than from sixty to seventy miles in length, and distant from 
 each other from twenty to forty miles. This configuration gives rise to a 
 most remarkable parallelism in the topographical features. The intervals 
 between these ranges are plains, which descend gently from the sierras 
 on either side. In the western part of the territory, where little rain 
 falls, water courses are very rare, and the surface of the tracts is almost un- 
 broken; but in the central portion, near the large mountains, it is cut out in- 
 to broad valleys, with frequent tributary canyons. These plains are all con- 
 nected, sweeping around the ends of the ranges which rise from them; and 
 they form members of the immense quarternary marine deposits, which ex- 
 tends, with a gentle ascent, from the Gulf of California eastward. 
 
 At the base of the gigantic ranges there are generally outcroppings of 
 gneiss, micaceous talcose and slate clay, which underlie the quarternary, 
 Towards the Gulf of California, these slates are accompanied by metamorphic 
 limestone, and often appear in independent ridges or inclined against the 
 higher granite hills. 
 
 These are the source of the gold of Sonora. Further east there is a great 
 variety of porphyries, both quartziferous and free from quartz; these are the 
 rocks which, for the most part, stand in the closest connection with the sil- 
 ver and silver-gold veins of the country. Climate influences have given the 
 country a marked and peculiar vegetation. Towards the coast the plains are 
 barren and arid deserts, bearing over hundreds of square miles nothing but 
 cacti and other desert plants, wdth but few points where water can be found. 
 But east of the Babaquiveri range the character of the country changes. 
 Here the rainy season is regular in its occurrence, and both the quartenary 
 terraces and the bottom lands oi the streams are clothed with nutritive 
 
25 
 
 grasses and scattered acacia trees and bushes; and in the neighborhood of 
 hidden or running water there are large cotton- wood trees, and in places fine 
 ash timber. 
 
 On the hillsides, above the level of the terraces, are scattered the live-oaks 
 of the country. Still higher up on the mountain sides, the oaks are min- 
 gled with cedars, and, at an elevation of about 6,000 feet above the sea, the 
 pine region begins. The great abundance of nutritious grasses which covers 
 the whole Central Arizona, together with the mild climate, make it one of 
 finest grazing countries in the world. The extent of agricultural land is 
 limited to those points where irrigation can be practiced. Among these the 
 valleys of the Santa Kita and Santa Cruz, which sweeps in a semi-circle half 
 around the Santa Rita Mountains, are the most important. 
 
 The Santa Eita Mountains rise about 12,000 feet above the level of the sea, 
 and nearly 8,000 feet above the Hacienda of the Santa Rita. The southern 
 foot-hills have rounded forms, and sink gently to the Santa Rita Valley, where 
 they have a height of 300 to 400 feet. The higher spur of the foot-hills, the 
 Salero ridge, which shuts in the valley on the east, consists of a crystal- 
 line feldspar rock, containing more or less hornblende. The lower hills to 
 the west consist of a metamorphic porphyric, having a compact grey base, 
 impregnated with carbonate of lime, and bearing numerous crystals of opaque, 
 white, triclinic feldspar, grains of quaitz, and dark grey mica in hex- 
 agonal plates. It also contains specks of magnetic iron. This rock, in 
 places, shows signs of bedding. Both of these rocks, the feldspar horn- 
 blende variety, and the metamorphic porphyry contain argentiferous veins. 
 The south wall of the valley is formed by high and castellated bluffs of por- 
 phyry, conglomerate, and white trifacious strata. 
 
 Towards the west, these are replaced by a feldspathic porphyry, having a 
 compact, light grey base, bearing numerous crystals of white trictinic feld- 
 spar, and small prisms of hornblende, but entirely free from quartz. In 
 these rocks no veins have been discovered. 
 
 The veins of the Santa Rita are very numerous, and have, with few excap * 
 tions, a nearly east and west course. They have in general a nearly vertical 
 dip, and a thickness from ten inches to two feet, except in local instances, 
 where they are enlarged to several feet. Tho gangue is almost entirely 
 quartz. They differ but little in character of their outcrops, which are gen- 
 erally of more or less comby quartz, blackened with the oxide of manganese, 
 or reddened with of that iron; or, in some instance, thoy consist entirely of 
 more or less argentiferous susquioxide of iron, the product of the decompo- 
 sition of the ores. In other in .Dances, the predominating colors in these out- 
 crops are green, blue and yellow, resulting from the alte/.iation of argenti- 
 ferous fahl-ores, (tetraheddte). All these characteristics are common to the 
 veins in bofch varieties of rock. They are unquestionably true fissure veins. 
 Too little work has been done upon any of these deposits to enable me to 
 pronounce a decided opinion as to their character in iepth; but tha explora- 
 tion which has never been carried below the zone of altered ore has suovvn that, 
 while the veins are narrow, they are also rich, and that whan the acome 
 enlarged, the increasa of width is due to an increase in metallic subjtancjj , 
 and not to an increase of the gangua only. The veins in the feldspar horn 
 blende rock contain argentiferous gray copper (tetrahedritej and galeni,. 
 When the latter mineral is not accompanied by the gray copper, its yield is 
 rarely over 0.1 per cent, of silver; but when associated with that mineral, it 
 contains from 0.5 to 0.75 per -cent. 
 
 METALLURGICAL. 
 
 The ores of Santa Riti Mines, considered from a metallurgical point of 
 view, can be divided into three classes. 
 
26 
 
 1. Smelting ores, or those containing much galena mixed with tetrahedrite. 
 
 2. Refractory amalgamation ores, containing a smaller percentage of lead, 
 and requiring to be roasted before treatment, either by the patio amalgama- 
 tion, the barrel amalgamation, the salt extraction, or any other of the older 
 moist processes. 
 
 3. Ores containing rich tetrahedrite, native silver, sulphuret of silver, and 
 other simple or complex salts of this metal, and needing neither roasting nor 
 magistral for their amalgamation by the patio process. 
 
 Under the first two heads comes the products of all veins, so far as known, 
 in the feldspar hornblende rock. While the products, so far as known, of 
 the veins in the metamorphic porphyry, fall entirely into the third class. 
 The facility with which these ores yield their silver in the simple American 
 amalgamation process, shows that they could also be reduced with equal ease 
 in the pan process, used at the mines of Nevada. But the warm climate and 
 rarely failing sunshine of Arizona would scarcely make it necessary to resort 
 to this last means, which requires a more expensive machinery. The live- 
 oaks of the hills, the acacia trees of the valley, offer the fuel necessary for 
 smelting the less docile ores. The variety in the character of the different 
 veins offers a means for mixing advantageously the ores for smelting. The 
 products of the galena veins, and the massive caps of oxide of iron, both of 
 which contain considerable amounts of silver, will supply the fluxes for the 
 more quartziferous ores of other deposits. 
 
 PLAN* OF EXPLOITATION. 
 
 To lead to any satisfactory results, the development of the Santa Rita 
 Mines must be undertaken upon a large scale, and with abundant resources. 
 A careful examination should first be made of the property, and a sufficient 
 examination of the veins, by pits and trenches, to determine which ores of 
 the many veins invite most to more extended underground exploration. This 
 point decided, expense should not be spared in sinking and drifting upon 
 several veins, and in such a manner that these subterranean works of explor- 
 ations will contribute to the economical workings of such deposits as may 
 prove worthy of exploration. 
 
 An extensive subterranean exploration might be made upon all or nearly all 
 of the veins without the need of pumping machinery. To carry out an ex- 
 ploitation of this kind, in such a way as to prove the value of the property, 
 without the loss of years of time, it would be necessary to attack each vein 
 at several points, with exploring shafts and adits, a process which would de- 
 mand a continually increasing number of miners. 
 
 The most economical way to accomplish this would be to employ a force 
 sufficiently large to complete the entire testing of the property, within, say, 
 one year. Could 1,000 laborers be placed as fast as needed, the end of the 
 first years' work would not only find a large number of veins, opened to the 
 extent of many thousand feet, and the value of the property thoroughly 
 tested; but those deposits, whbh show themselves worthy of exploitation 
 would be already in a condition to deliver ores from stopes, and a large sur- 
 face would be ready to be attacked with a minimum outlay, by regular min- 
 ing. Besides this, the exploration having been conducted in the vein, a 
 large amount of ore would be on hand for reduction, and would pay no in- 
 considerable part of the cost of the preliminary work. It is my opinion 
 that the Santa Rita veins are deserving of such an examination, and warrant 
 the risking of sums necessary to carry it out, and that if properly executed, 
 it would lead to the establishment of a highly profitable mining industry, 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 (Signed) RAPHAEL PUMPELLY. 
 
 For a very interesting and graphic account of Prof. Pumpelly's experiences 
 while mining in the Santa Rita's twenty years since, read his book, " Across 
 
27 
 
 America and Asia." To any person desirous of becoming interested in the 
 present enterprise, and who wishes full and accurate data upon which to base 
 his action, I would most earnestly invite their attention to Pumpelly's work, 
 to Hodge's book, to Conklin's "Picturesque Arizona," (now in course of 
 publication), and especially to Hinton's Hand Book of Arizona, which may 
 be obtained from the American News Co., N. Y. City, or from Payot, Upham 
 & Co., Publishers, San Francisco, Cal. 
 See notice in this Pamphlet. 
 
 J. EOSS BEOWNE'S EEPOET. 
 
 LONDON, May 1, 1871. 
 
 MY DEAK SIB: In the performance of my public duties on the Pacific 
 Coast, during the past twenty-two years, it has been necessary to visit all the 
 States and Territories west of the Eocky Mountains, and I may therefore 
 assume to have some personal knowledge of their resources. I made two 
 visits to Arizona, and, in my official capacity as Commissioner of Mining 
 Statistics for the Government of the United States, gave special attention to 
 the mineral and agricultural resources of that territory. There are certain 
 features in its history which gave it a peculiar interest. It was the first 
 territory in the United States in which extensive veins of silver had been 
 discovered; and it was known to the Spaniards for upward of three hundred 
 years as a region of inexhaustible wealth. 
 
 In the course of a tour of inspection through southern Arizona and Sonora, 
 I visited in person the Santa Bita district, and made a careful examination of 
 its mines and its agricultural and grazing lands. I am therefore fortunately 
 enabled to answer your inquiries from personal knowledge of the property 
 about which you solicit information. For convenience of reference, I divide 
 my subject, so as to give you a clear and comprehensive view of the most 
 prominent features of that section of country, 
 
 SOUTHERN ARIZONA. 
 
 Prior to the cession of this territory to the United States by the Government 
 of Mexico, in 1846, the State of Sonora comprised a large extent of country 
 lying north of the Gila River. That portion lying south of the Gila, known 
 as the Gadsden Purchase, was the earliest occupied by the Americans, and 
 is still the best known. As stated in my Official Report, published by Con- 
 gress in 1868, (Section II., p. 443,) " Its mountains are nearly all mineral 
 bearing, and its silver lodes have been to some extent worked. " 
 
 Within the narrow strip of country lying between the northern boundary of 
 Mexico and the Gila river the rich domain of the Santa Rita occupies a 
 prominent position. Situated within fifteen miles of the Mexican border, it 
 lies directly in the center of the richest mineral belt discovered by the 
 Spanish explorers, who for three centuries prosecuted their researches through 
 this remote region. The learned Jesuit, Father Kino, reported to the Viceroy 
 of Spain, in 1767, that a scientific exploration of Sonora " would lead to the 
 discovery of gold and silver so marvelous that the discovery would be such 
 as never yet had been seen in the world." The proofs of this wealth were 
 found in many places, but chiefly at Arizona, within fifteen miles of Santa 
 Rita, where a piece of virgin silver was extracted from the earth weighing 
 275 pounds, upon which Don Diego Asmendi paid duties ; and it is recorded 
 that the King's Attorney brought suit for the duties on several other pieces 
 which weighed 4033 pounds; also for the recovery, as a curiosity, and there- 
 fore belonging to the King, of a certain piece of silver of the weight of 2,700 
 pounds. Professor Blake, formerly State Geologist of California, Commis- 
 sioner to the Paris Exposition, Geological Chief to the San Domingo Commis- 
 sion, &c., &o., says of this region that the extreme richness of the mines of 
 
28 
 
 silver in the south-eastern prolongation of the mountains of Arizona has been 
 well attested by Humboldt, Ward, and others, (page 9, " Mining Magazine, 
 1859.") Ward contends (vol. I., pp. 127-160) that the great mineral treasures 
 of Mexico commence north of the 24th degree of latitude, and that Sonora, 
 which then included Arizona, " promised riches superior to anything yet dis- 
 covered." Duport (p. 380) expresses himself with equal enthusiasm : 
 After having visited only Tasco, Eeal del Monte, and Guanajute, Humboldt 
 said, 40 years ago, that there was enough of silver in the Mexican mines to 
 flood the world; what would he not have said if he had pushed his researches 
 further north? Wilson, in his "History of Mexico," says of Northern 
 Sonora, now Arizona, that "it is a region of country which combines the rare 
 attractions of the richest silver mines in the world, laying in the midst of the 
 finest agricultural districts, and where the climate is as attractive as the min- 
 eral riches." Mr. Cummings Cherry, a geologist and mining engineer of 
 establisLed reputation, says that the mines of southern Arizona are among 
 the richest in the world, and dwells especially upon the facilities for working 
 them, the extent and nature of the agricultural lands, and the wonderful 
 salubrity of the climate. Governor McCormick says, in one of his annual 
 messages, that "those of the silver mines below the Gila, and on the Col- 
 orado, that are judiciously worked, with scarcely an exception, show great 
 wealth, and fully maintain the traditional reports of the metallic opulence of 
 the country. 
 
 The report of Professor Pumpelly on the Santa Eita Mines, which I have 
 carefully read, give a most faithful and interesting exposition of the mineral 
 wealth of this region. Having personally visited nearly every lode described 
 by him, I can bear testimony to the perfect accuracy and fairness of his state- 
 ments. Nothing is exaggerated ; nor is anything withheld the omission of 
 which could possibly give an erroneous idea of the value of the property. 
 
 Before giving you in detail my views in relation to the Santa Eita property, 
 I think you will be interested in a brief summary of the mineral productions 
 of the states and territories west of the Eocky Mountains during the past 
 twenty years. The total product of California, Nevada, Montana, Idaho, 
 Washington, Oregon, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona, since 1849 has been 
 ($1,300,000,000) thirteen hundred millions of dollars. The annual production 
 about this time averages about ($70,000,000) seventy millions. Within the 
 brief space of twenty years, a larger area of country has been opened up to 
 settlement by the developement of our mines, than has ever before in the 
 world's history been brought within the limits of civilization within so short 
 a period. So far from being a pursuit injurious in its tendency, as theorists 
 sometimes contend, it has resulted in the building of numerons cities, the 
 cultivation of vast tracts of land, the construction of railroads and telegraphs 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and the increase of commerce with 
 the various nations of the earth. While the business of mining has been 
 attended by more than ordinary hazards in our new territories, owing to 
 co stly transportation and inexperience in the working of ores, the rewards 
 of legitimate enterprise and judicious management have generally been so 
 brilliant as to compensate for all the losses ; and in every point of view the 
 world has gained in the general accession of wealth. "That which," in the 
 language of Sir Archibald Alison, " f or five-and-twenty years had been await- 
 ing a currency commensurate to the increased numbers and transactions of 
 the civilized world, was now supplied by the beneficent hand of nature. The 
 era of a contracted currency and consequent low prices and general misery, 
 interrupted by passing gleams of prosperity, was at an end. Prices rapidly 
 rose, wages advanced in a similar proportion, exports and imports enormously 
 increased, while crime and misery as rapidly diminished." Who can say, 
 then, that mining is not a legitimate pursuit, and one that deserves the 
 strongest possible encouragement? 
 
29 
 
 I have referred to the aggregate product of our mineral possessions. I now 
 invite your attention to a few of our leading districts and mines, to show you 
 that no branch of human industry is more profitable, when conducted with 
 care and industry. 
 
 The single district of Grass Valley, Nevada County, California, comprising 
 an area of only a few miles, has produced, since 1849, upwards of $30,000,- 
 000. The Eureka Mine in the same district, has produced, since 1859, about 
 $3,000,000. The Gold Hill Mine has yielded $7,000,000 in the brief period 
 of fourteen years ; the Allison Kanch Lode has yielded $2,300,000 ; and 
 other mines in the same vicinity have furnished from a million to two millions. 
 All these have enriched the owners. Money has not been lost here as else- 
 where in wild speculations, but rarely in the business of mining properly 
 conducted. The Hayward Mine, in Amador County, has produced $5,000,000. 
 The Sierra Butte Mine, in Sierra County, has netted the owners upwards of a 
 million of dollars. These are all gold quartz mines. The gravel deposits of 
 California have yielded over $11,000,000 per annum for the last twenty years, 
 and supported a laboring population of 50,000 souls. A single placer or sur- 
 face deposit in Montana, yielded, in three years, $30,000,000 in gold. I refer 
 to Alder gulch. Some extraordinary results have also been obtained in 
 Idaho, but my space forbids even an enumeration of the principal districts in 
 either of these two territories. 
 
 In Nevada, a single lode, the Comstock, has produced since 1860, about 
 $120,000,000 in silver and gold. There is nothing like this in the history of 
 the world. The duration of gold and silver bearing lodes is well attested by 
 the history of the principle mines of South America and Mexico. The cele- 
 brated Potosi Mines averaged about $4,000,000 for 300 years ; those on the 
 Veta Madre (Mother Vein) of Guanjuata about $3,000,000 for an equal period, 
 and the mines of the Keal del Monte Company on the Biscanya Vein, in Mex- 
 ico, over $40,000,000 for the last 110 years, or a total of $45,000,000 a less 
 amount than has been obtained from Comstock in the last three years. (See 
 " Mineral Resources of the United States," sec. xix. p. 387.) 
 
 Owing to the late rebellion in the United States, which interrupted all 
 industry in the southern parts of our country, the progress of the mining 
 interest in Arizona was arrested; many promising enterprises were abandoned, 
 and with all the mineral wealth and agricultural advantages, the settlement 
 of this country has not kept pace with that of the central territories, through 
 which, by favor of the General Government, railroad lines have been extended. 
 The recent action of Congress, in passing the Southern Pacific Kailroad Bill, 
 will secure to Arizona what has long been needed direct and speedy commu- 
 nication with the commercial marts of the world. When the trans-continental 
 railway of the south shall have extended from the Gulf of Mexico to San 
 Diego and I^iave a letter from General Rosekrans, of the U. S. Army, late 
 American Minister to Mexico, assuring me that its speedy construction has 
 been reduced to a certainty the prosperity of Arizona will be assured ; and 
 there can be no reason why its mineral developements should not surpass 
 those of any of the states or territories named, judging by the unanimous 
 testimony of the ablest geologists and explorers who have investigated the 
 subject. 
 
 ADVANTAGES OF LOCATION. 
 
 The lodes of the Santa Rita Mountains are admirably located for all practi- 
 cal purposes of mining, and for the various operations of the Hacienda. By 
 reference to my Official Report, as Commissioner of Mining Statistics, it will 
 be seen (see II., Arizona, p. 443,) that "the principal towns of Southern 
 Arizona are Tucson, on the line of the Overland Mail Route, and Tubacf 52 
 miles south. Both have long been in existence, and are situated on the Santa 
 Cruz River, which, rising in Sonora, runs nearly directly north, until it 
 ;eachee the Gila Elver near Maricopa Wells. The distance from Tubao, 
 
30 
 
 which maybe considered the heart of the mineral regions of Arizona, are, by 
 the usual traveling roads, as follows: San Francisco, 1074 miles; San Diego, 
 510 miles; Fort Yuma, 300 miles ; El Paso, 389 miles ; St. Louis, 1770 miles. 
 Towns in Sonora, Mexico: Santa Cruz, 54 miles; Magdalena, 51 miles; Altar, 
 95 miles ; Hermosillo, capital of Sonora, 229 miles ; Guyamas, port of entry 
 of Sonora, 260 miles; Libertad, on the Gulf of California, 180 miles." It 
 will thus be seen that there cannot be a more advantageous location for the 
 establishment of a large mining interest than that spoken of above. It will 
 at once become a great mining and trading center. 
 
 REDUCTION OF THE ORES. 
 
 The average of the Comstock ores, as stated in my official report, is $45 
 per ton. The average cost of mining and treating these ores is $30 per ton, 
 leaving $15 as the profit per ton. The average cost of unskilled labor at 
 Virginia is $4 per day ; skilled labor from $5 to $7. The labor of 4,000 
 men per day is employed; and that amount of labor produces about 330,000 
 tons of ore per annum. The gross yield of the Comstock Lode for several 
 years past has been from $14,000,000 to $16,000,000 per annum; the net 
 yield from $4,000,000 to $6,000,000. This enormous cost of production is 
 due to several causes; mainly the multiplication of superintendences and 
 unnecessary repetition of expenses, growing out of the division of one lode 
 into some twenty parts, each part being owned and worked by an independ- 
 ent company. Each of these companies has its separate organization ; its 
 president and directory in San Francisco, or elsewhere; its mills, offices, sta- 
 bles and outbuildings at Virginia or the vicinity. On every few hundred 
 feet of the lode the enormous expenses of a gigantic mining establishment 
 are repeated ; while the productions of the mines are constantly decreasing 
 both in extent and value. The mines of Potosi Guanajuato and Central 
 Mexico would never have paid enormous profits for three centuries under 
 such an exhaustive and irrational system as this. The consequence of such 
 reckless competition for wealth is, that there are constant failures, and great 
 and sudden losses, when, in reality, the mines are among the richest in the 
 world. Under the most favorable circumstances, however, a single gold or 
 silver-bearing lode must always be a source of anxiety to those whose capi- 
 tal is invested in it. Should it continue, they may draw unlimited wealth 
 from it; but it is subject to become poor or give out at any time, and then 
 follows pecuniary disaster. The security is much greater in the case of a 
 company, whose risks are divided among fifty or one hundred lodes, no two 
 of which are likely to give out together, and each one of which may prove as 
 rich as the Comstock. When one ceases to pay, operations can be com- 
 menced upon another ; and, under the Partido system, the company incurs 
 no risk beyond the month's supply of provisions advanced to support the 
 operatives who have contracted to furnish the ores; and who, if they obtain 
 nothing of value, receive nothing beyond this trifling advance. A compari- 
 son of the relative values of the ores and cost of mining and reduction at 
 Santa Rita and at Virginia, on the Comstock Lode, would show some 
 remarkable results. The Santa Rita ores, according to the reports of Pum- 
 pelly, Blake, Ehrenburg, Garett, and others, average in value not le.s than 
 $200 the ton, while those of the Comstock rate at $45. The Comstock is a 
 single lode, ranging from 20 to 40 feet in width; but the rich mineral is 
 found in pockets, and the pay ore is not thoroughly diffused. The Santa 
 Rita mine comprises upwards of fifty well defined lodes, each from three to 
 eight feet in thickness, the pay ore running generally from wall to wall, and 
 thoroughly diffused through the body of the lode. Common labor at the 
 Comstock is $4 per day, in cash ; at the Santa Rita, $1, and that in mer- 
 
31 
 
 chandise, at a profit of 100 per cent, making in reality but $12 to $15 per 
 month. There is also to be taken into consideration the difference in the 
 cost of supplies, where crops are grown upon the ground with scarcely any 
 cost to the cultivator, and where such supplies have to be obtained from 
 costly markets. With the labor of 4,000 men on the Santa Rita mines, each 
 one of them working for himself, and therefore doing all he can to make his 
 labor profitable, it is not unreasonable to estimate that the same value of 
 metal per man can be obtained from the smaller lodes, and without risk, 
 that is now obtained from the larger lode of the Comstock, with all the 
 hazards of depreciation in value or entire exhaustion. One-half the product 
 in the quantity of ore would be 165,000 tons per annum. Even at an average 
 of $100 per ton, instead of $200, which is estimated to be the actual value, 
 the result in gross would show the following camparison : 
 
 330,000 tons of Cemstock ore, at $45 per ton $14,850,000. 
 
 Cost of reduction, $30 per ton 9,900,000 
 
 Net yield, $15 per ton $4,950,000 
 
 165,000 tons of Santa Rita ore, at $100 per ton $16,500,900 
 
 Cost of labor and treatment, at least one-quarter of $30, 
 
 or $7.50 per ton 1,237,500 
 
 Net yield, $92.50 per ton $15,273,500 
 
 This makes a strong showing, but I cannot see that the comparison is at 
 all unreasonable, or that the estimated results are improbable. All sup- 
 plies for man and beast are produced at the Santa Rita upon the ground of 
 the company, with labor at a minimum price, and from soil as prolific and 
 a climate as genial as that of the Nile ; while in Virginia the supplies are 
 
 with all the professions represented artisans, preachers, lawyers, doctors 
 all gaining a subsistence directly or indirectly from the mines. It surely 
 is not hazarding too much to say that a similar spectacle and results of 
 equal magnitude are within the bounds of possibility at Santa Rita. 
 
 THE SANTA RITA MINES. 
 
 I visited the Santa Rita mines for the special purpose of examining and 
 reporting upon them ; but as Professor Pumpelly resided on the spot, and 
 had a much better opportunity of studying their characteristics than I had, 
 it would be presumptions in me to undertake a derailed description of them, 
 after the elaborate report made by that gentleman. Suffice it to say, Jjiat I 
 made a careful examination of the principal mines, and found them true 
 fissure veins of great promise. So far as the excavations expose the veins, 
 they have the appearance of being exceedingly rich ; the ore is thoroughly 
 diffused, and the walls are in every instance clearly defined and regular. 
 Most of them average from three to five feet in thickness ; ranging from 
 two to eight feet. The Buenaventura appears to be a fractional division of 
 an immense lode or body of ore, the outcrop of which is visible from the 
 old Hacienda, not less than sixty or seventy feet in thickness probably 
 much more. Professor Pumpelly refers to this extraordinary lode, and con- 
 siders the Buenaventura a mere branch of it. Should this be the case, and 
 I have great confidence in Professor Pumpelly' s judgment, the Veta Madre 
 (or Mother Vein) may, upon development, prove to be equally as rich as 
 these branch veins. In that case there would be nothing to equal it in the 
 
32 
 
 history of mines and mining. I counted in the Solero Hill, in the course of 
 an afternoon's ramble, not less than twenty silver-bearing veins, of great 
 apparent richness. There must be at least one hundred of these in the 
 entire hill, averaging from two to three feet in thickness. I distinctly 
 remember my remark to Mr. Poston, at the time, that, after having traveled 
 ^ver most of our mineral territory, I had never seen such indications of 
 inexhaustible mineral wealth within so small a superficial area. The pros- 
 pect may have dazzled me, and, to some extent, perverted my judgment ; 
 but I then believed it was the richest group of mines I had ever visited, and 
 I have seen no cause since then to change my opinion. The facilities for 
 working these mines are unsurpassed. Most of them are so situated as to be 
 susceptible of drainage by the tunnels; and the rock, chiefly feldpathic, 
 porphyry, and hornblende, is easily blasted. Timber is found in abundant 
 supplies, in the adjacent Santa Rita mountains, where there is now a saw 
 mill," which furnishes timber for Tucson and the military posts. The climate 
 is unsurpassed for healthfulness, and is probably the most delightful, in 
 point of temperature, to be found in the North American continent, scarcely 
 varying 20 deg. throughout the year from 70 deg. Fahrenheit. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 In conclusion, therefore, I can safely assert that an enterprise more 
 promising than this has not been brought to my attention during a resi- 
 dence of twenty years on the Pacific Coast. I have examined the property 
 personally and without any pecuniary interest in it whatever. The conclu- 
 sions to which I have been brought are based upon my own experience and 
 best judgment. I believe good mines to be both profitable and durable, as 
 shown by the history of the mines of South America and Mexico, referred 
 to in the beginning of this letter. Our leading mines on the Comstock have 
 yielded up wards of one hundred millions of dollars in ten years. The mines 
 of a single district in California have yielded thirty millions of dollars in a 
 little over the same space of time. The mines of the Pacific Coast have 
 yielded twelve hundred millions of dollars in less than twenty years. 
 Everywhere within oar mineral territory good mining properties, well man- 
 aged, have proved enormously remunerative. I have shown that the Santa 
 Rita mines can be worked at one-fourth the cost of the Comstock, and pro- 
 duce at least an equal amount of bullion with the labor of 4,000 men ; that 
 the Hacienda is located in the center of the richest mineral district discov- 
 ered by the Spaniards; that the projected railway to Guaymas will pass 
 directly through it; that the location commands the richest ores of Sonora 
 and Arizona ; that wood and water are abundant, and all the productions of 
 the temperate and many of the tropic zones flourish here ; and, finally, that 
 under efficient management, this enterprise, so marvelously favored by geo- 
 graphical position, by soil, climate, and proximity of mineral wealth, cannot 
 fail to prove a brilliant success. 
 
 Trusting that these notes of my observations in Arizona, hurriedly thrown 
 together as they are, may prove satisfactory, I am, my dear sir, 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 (Signed) J. ROSS BROWNE. 
 
 [From the accompanying map the locations made for the Aztec Syndicate 
 can be seen, as also the mines now the property of the Toltec Syndicate. 
 The work done upon the former locations has very thoroughly proved the 
 immense value of the Bushell, Saint Louis, La Parisienne and others.] 
 
NOW READY. 
 
 COIL. ^^ZOU^^I^ID J. 
 
 (Of the San Francisco Evening Post.) 
 
 This Handsome Volume of 530 pages, large 12mo, is illustrated by 24 Full PagJ 
 Lithographs. 40 other Sketches, two Ancient Maps, and A NEW MAP OF THE 1 
 TERRITORY, containing all the Latest Mining Districts, U.S. Silver Mines 
 Towns, etc. 
 
 PKICE, EETAIL, $2.00 PER COPY. 
 
 The Hand-Book contains 19 Chapters and Appendix : Chapter I. Where ami 
 What is. Arizona. II. Historical Sketches. III. Physical and Geological Fcaf j 
 tures. IV. Mineralogy. V. Mines, Mills, Locations. VI. Over Valley and Mesa* ' 
 VII. The Santa Rita Mountains. VIII. The Santa Cruz West to Papagoria. IX-. 
 The Babacomori and East. X. The Towns of Arizona. XL Agricultural Re- 
 sources. XII. Military Posts and Telegraph. XIII. Climate. XIV. Fauna and 
 Flora. XV. Indian Tribes. XVI. Miscellaneous. XVII. Spanish Explo-'ers 
 and Missionaries. XVIII. The Ancient People of Arizona. XIX. The Ancient 
 Ruins. 
 
 The Appendix contains a Summary of Mining Laws, Itinerary, Fares, Freights 
 etc.; Glossary of Mining Terms, etc., ete. 
 
 Also New Edition of Hinton's New Map of Arizona. Colored and Varnished, 1 
 on Rollers, $2.50 ; In Case, for the Pocket, $1.50. , 
 
 OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 The book gives a very thorough historical and descriptive account of the Terri- 
 tory. We cannot recall any publication on Arizona which at all approaches My. 
 Hinton's Hand-Book in point of quantity and variety of information imparted. 
 [Sari Francisco Bulletin. 
 
 Equally interesting particulars concerning mineral productions of Arizona 
 might be selected from Mr. Hinton's book, and those disposed to pursue the sul}- 
 ject further will do well to consult the volume itself [London (Eng.) Mining 
 Journal. 
 
 The Hand-Book to Arizona is as complete a.nd satisfactory a work of the kind i 
 as would be asked. [Essex County Press, Newark, N. J. 
 
 Colonel Hinton has produced a book of very considerable literary merit, as well 
 as a reliable guide to "the coming land," which Arizona has not inaptly bt-'-n 
 styled by enthusiastic admirers. No other published work relating to any of the 
 territories is comparable to this one for thoroughness in all its parts. On the 
 whole, we regard Hinton's Hand-Book to Arizona as a valuable contribution'to 
 the literature of the Pacific coast.* It is a book which will bear reading apart from 
 its special object as an itinerary. [C. JR. J. in the San Francisco Post. 
 
 To the easy chair traveler it will prove an attractive work, while to the bona 
 fide traveler, whether tourist, emigrant, explorer, or pleasure-seeker, it will be a 
 necessity. [St. Louis Dispatch. 
 
 This book ought to be in the hands of every one who wants to " go west." * * 
 This volume, prepared by a writer of established literary reputation, is of the 
 highest value to all who wish for positive information concerning this wonderful 
 territory. [St. Louis Posi. 
 
 This Hand-Book seems to contain all that the tourist or the prospective settler 
 would care to know of a territory favored by climate, adorned with lovely scendry, 
 and enriched by manifold natural resources of wealth. [Chicago Tribune. 
 
 Of the many " Hand-Books " constantly being produced this is perhaps on<J of 
 the most satisfactory. * * Moreover, Mr. Hinton has been conscientious in the 
 performance of his task, as every page of his comprehensive work testifies. Th^ro 
 is an amount of labor contained between its covers that puts to rout any thought j 
 of the indifferent or mercenary. It is free from all semblance of fraud, and al- ! 
 though it may be sprinkled unavoidably with errors, it is, on the whole, solid-, 
 and abounding in information serious, humorous and entertaining. [('!, 
 Times. 
 
HINTON'S HAND-BOOK OF ARIZONA-OPINIONS OF THE PRESS- 
 
 Arizona li.-i.s been fortunate to secure for its historian so careful a worker as is 
 
 Richard J. Hinton; and the public . is fortunate in having prepared for its 
 
 well-digested :t volume as is the " Hand-Book to Arizona.'' Mr. Hinton's 
 
 ml v comprehensive to meet any general requirements. 
 
 [Philadelphia T; 
 
 To say that the work for statistical information in reference to the resources of 
 i Arizona, her agriculture, mining and cattle raising advantages is good, would 
 ' hardly express the impression we wish to convey, for it is so far in advance of 
 any other work on Arizona that there is no comparison to make. [Tucson (Ari- 
 zona) Star. 
 
 This book gives the best and most accurate description of Arizona that has ever 
 been published. The amount of information collated is simply marvelous. . . 
 It is written up in a style that fascinates a render. . . Trifling inaccuracies in 
 ^ dry detail can be remedied in subsequent, editions, and is more than compensa- 
 ted by the author's fidelity to facts in description and narrative. The book is 
 invaluable to parties contemplating a visit to Arizona, whether for business, 
 health or pleasure. [Yuma (Arizona) Sentinel. * 
 
 The volume is the most complete compendium of information concerning Ari- 
 zona that has ever been published. L.OS Angeles (Hal.) Republican. 
 
 The subject matter has been collated from the most authentic and official 
 sources, and is written up in a lively, interesting style. It is seldom that so much 
 valuable and interesting matter is found condensed in a volume of its size, and 
 the book will-be read with avidity by everybody, especially those having inter- 
 ests in that section or contemplating a journey thither. It should form a portion 
 of every one's library. [Gold Hill (Nevada) News. 
 
 The value of this work to our Territory is incalculable. Mr. Hinton's efforts 
 'tainly appreciated at home, and every Arizonian is anxious to obtain a 
 copy of his new book, which, on account of its valuable information and unu- 
 sually interesting matter, cannot fail to become very popular and command an 
 exceptionally large circulation. [Arizona Citizen, Florence, A. T. 
 
 This book, with all its accompaniments, is, moreover, thoroughly practical, 
 and could not have appeared at a more opportune moment, a great deal of atten- 
 tion being now turned towards this rising Territory. concerning which there was 
 before a dearth of recent and reliable information. [San Francisco Mining Press. 
 
 The people ofrArizonn owe much, and we fearmore than they will ever pay, to 
 Col. Hinton for this comprehensive and readable Hand-Book of their Territory. 
 The author has evidently made a careful study of his subject, nnd has produced 
 a work that will not be superseded, and for m n ny branches of information will not 
 need to be superseded. [Alta California, S. F. 
 
 The work of Mr. Hinton, entitled The Hand-Book of Arizona, is a book which 
 
 is sure to find readers, whether in the mining engineer, the geologist, the natu- 
 
 : ralist, the antiquarian, or the pleasure reader, ns in it all will find food for his 
 
 i attention. . . It would be almost impossible in 'his short space to mention all 
 
 I the subjects elaborated upon in this work, but suffice it to say that the reader will 
 
 find in it a highly entertaining and instructive history, past, present and future. 
 
 of by far the richest district, naturally, in the United Statesof America. [Walter 
 
 E. Hildreth, E. M. C. E., in the Minine Record, New York. 
 
 PAYOT, UPHAM & Co., Publishers, 
 
 204 Sansome St., San Francisco. 
 AMERICAN NEWS COMPANY, Now York City. 
 
 ess- The "Hand-Book to Arizona" will be sent, postage paid, by Chas. Cranz, 
 Jr., Secretary, Room 14, 302 Montgomery street, San Francisco, Cal., on receipt of 
 Post Office Order for Two Dollars. 
 
 isr o "\r\r i i<r IE 3 :FL IE & & . 
 
 : PICTURESQUE ARIZONA, 
 
 BY K. CONKLIN, 
 
 [Of Frank Leslie's Illustrated Weekly and of Amer. Press Association.] 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 oonxrTZKTEisr'T 1 STE:E=LIEOSO 0:^10 oo.. 
 
 60 Nassau Street, New York. 
 
 Price $2.00. Orders filled by CHAS. CRANZ, Jr., Secretary, Rooms 14 and 15 
 302 Montgomery Street, Sari Francisco.