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 THE 
 
 CI,VIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE, 
 
 (1 64 2-46) 
 
 THE STORY OF BASING HOUSE. 
 
 BY THE 
 
 REV. G. N. GODWIN, 
 
 Chaplain to the Forces. 
 
 LONDON : 
 ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW. E.G. 
 
 1882.
 
 
 n 
 
 U
 
 THE HONOURABLE W. T. ORDE POWLETT, J.P., 
 
 DBPUTY LiKl'TENANT KOH THE NORTH RlDlNG OF YORKSHIRBr 
 
 AND TO 
 
 THE REY. JAMES ELWIN MILLARD, D.D., 
 
 Vicar of Basingstokk and Riral Dkan, 
 
 HoNouAii'i Canon of WiNrm:sTKK Catukdral, 
 
 THI« ^V■oKK IS, WITH ML(II GKATJTUDK, UKDUATED.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 In the stern struggle between Charles I. and his Parliament, Hampshire played no 
 
 unimportant part. 
 
 The capture, after a brief siege, of the strong fortress of Portsmouth, was no small 
 gain to the Parliamentary cause, whilst, on the other hand, the gallant defence made by thi- 
 Cavalier garrisons of Winchester Castle and Basing House, was eagerly watched, and warmly 
 appreciated at loyal Oxford. 
 
 Lord Hopton's defeat at Cheriton "broke all the measures and altered the whole 
 scheme of the King's counsels," nor did the fierce conflicts which took place at Arundel Castle 
 and Salisbury, fail to influence the general result of the war. 
 
 To record in a complete, yet brief form, the part played by the County of Hampshire 
 during that most eventful time, is the object of this work. The narrative has been most 
 carefully compiled from original materials existing in our great national and private libraries, 
 and other original sources. It is believed, indeed, that no known source of possible informatitm 
 has been left unexamined. 
 
 It was originally intended to quote many of the more interesting authorities verhutim. 
 but the consideration of space, and the desire to render the work acceptable to the general 
 reader as well as to the student, induced the method of judicious condensation, which has been 
 now adopted. 
 
 In conclusion, the Author desires most heartily to thank the numerous friends who 
 have assisted him in his researches, and to express a hope that his labours will prove to havf 
 supplied one more of those local histories which have become of increasing interest to English 
 reatlers of late years, and which prove of good service to the historian of the great events of 
 our country. 
 
 G. N GODWIN. 
 
 CuRUAGii Cam I", 
 
 October 26th, 1882.
 
 ERRATA AND CORRIGENDA. 
 
 Page 5, line 11, for "as' read •and." 
 
 „ 7, line 30, for •• Aymey Loyante " read " Aymez Loyante. 
 
 „ 8, line 37, for " Aymcy Loyante" read "Aymez Loyautt.' 
 
 „ 9, line If), for " Porta " read ■' Portu." 
 
 „ 9, line 4!>, for " Hachwood " read •• Hackwood." 
 
 „ 21, lines 24 and 25, for " he " read •' they.'" 
 
 „ 24, line 51, for " Vikar^i " read " Vicars." 
 
 „ 29, line 1, for " four " read " foul." 
 
 „ 29, lino 3, for " a " read " all." 
 
 „ 29, line 2"). for " Whykeham " read •■ Wykeham." 
 
 „ 33, lino lo, for " Aymey " read •■ Aymez." 
 
 „ 66, linos 1 and 21, for " Fairthorne" read " Faitborne." 
 
 „ 76, line 17, for "some" read '• come." 
 
 „ 90, line 25, for " light " read •' eight." 
 
 „ 100, line 13, for "sabering" read "sabring." 
 
 „ 119, line 24, for «• 1842" read •' 1G42." 
 
 „ 145, line 42, for " eight" read " light." 
 
 ,, 165. line 35. for " line" read " lines." 
 
 „ 173, line 5, for " and wall as " read " as well aa." 
 
 „ 198, line I, for '• heopateld " read " field at the." 
 
 „ 200, line 48, for " Sadler" read '• Sadleir." 
 
 „ 206, lino 2 1, for " 30,000 " read " 3.000." 
 
 „ 213, line 28, for " regiment" read '• regiments." 
 
 „ 213, line 32, for " Welcher" read " Welden." 
 
 „ 217, lino 22, for " (iOO " road " GOO horse." 
 
 „ 220, line 44, for " it " read •' Winchester."
 
 HAMPSHIRE FIGHTS OF LONG AGO. 
 
 Chapter I. — The Ruined Foktkess. 
 
 Stepping out of the t' n o'elock up train at 
 Basingstoke station, on a briglit May morning, 
 wo find friends waiting for us than -whom wc 
 cannot desire more genial companions or more 
 rcliabh^ authoiitics, bound like ourselves fort'e 
 famous, though now ruined, Cavalier stronghold 
 of Basing House. 
 
 In company with another friend, who has 
 many a time and oft given us most valuable 
 assistance, arc Mr. Cooksey and Mr. Sapp, who 
 likewise take a warm and wit'ial discerning 
 interest in all that concerns Basing famed in 
 story. 
 
 The resistance of temptation is a virtue, and 
 despite the many attractions of Basingstoke, wc 
 clo.sc firmly the eyes of our imagination, rcso- 
 latcly declining to describe tlio church or any 
 other object of interest. 
 
 Wc pass the lower road leading to Basing, of 
 ■which we shall liear much erelong. The Town- 
 hall, in tho Market-place, contains several pic- 
 tures, one of whicii is a portrait of the IVIerrie 
 Monarch, by Sir Peter Lelj'. Others seem to 
 have (ome from Basing House, and one of 
 these is thouglit to be " t le counterfeit present- 
 ment of the loyal Marquis" himself, with his 
 baton of command. 
 
 As wo turn to the left out of the Market- 
 place, wc note the "Falcon House." " Tliat 
 modern building," says ]\Ir. Sapp, "stands on 
 the site of a quaint old-fas!iioned hostehy. witli 
 the sign of the ' Fleur-de-lys,' whicli. according 
 to constant local tradition, was for some days 
 at least the hcad-quaiters of Oliver, renowned 
 in arms." 
 
 " Note also the ' Boll Inn' across the way, 
 which was almost a century old when Basing 
 House was taken," adds Mr. Cooksey. " Thither 
 were brought as prisoners the Marquis and Sir 
 Robert Feake, his Deputy-Governor, before 
 being sent up to the Parliament in London." 
 
 On our riglit is the road leading to Hackwood, 
 the stately home of the Dukes of Bolton, pre- 
 ferred by tliem to their old ancestral scat. 
 Roundheads and Cavaliers alike have trudged, 
 marched, as galloped along the road which wo 
 are now following. By tliis route "the puissant 
 army" of Sir AVilliam AValler marched to faco 
 the hou.sc, and over these rolling lulls, on which 
 the grass then grew green and unbioken, ad- 
 vanced the Ironsides, wiio knew not the meaning 
 of the word " defeat," who had conquered at 
 Naseby and IMarston ^loor, and who failed not 
 at Basing. 
 
 Tlie valley below us is well watered, and in 
 days wlicn drainage was a thing little heeded 
 the wide-stretching swamps must have aided 
 tlic defence not a little. As we skirt the canal 
 we reach a bridge, on the other side of which is 
 a field still known as "Slaughter Close," where 
 many a brave man on both sides died tlio death 
 of a soldier. Close to the aforesaid bridge are 
 two cottages, in one of which are some ancient 
 beams, formerly belonging to a mill which was 
 burnt during tlie siege, of whiih wc shall here- 
 after h ve more to say. 
 
 Following the canal we see on the opposite 
 bank a long ivy-covered wall, which two cen- 
 turies ago did good service as a "curtain" for 
 the defence of the f ortrcs.s, being furnished with
 
 6 
 
 The Kuinkd Fubtrkhb. 
 
 towcfH at cithor cml, iii one of wliirh may still 
 bo Ktvn the c'inl»rasurf« for livi' camioii. The 
 cuttiiif,' of tlu' canal, soiiio few yiars since, has 
 considcralily modified th(,> outer <lcfcnces, hut 
 Btill cnou),'h reujaiiis to interest the anticjuary, 
 the ph'asiire seeker, or him for whom the 
 mcnjory of hygnne deeds of vah)tir has a charm. 
 I^K»kin^' across the valhy we cannot fail to 
 remark the B isingstoke Worklious", just in rear 
 of which is the London and South-Westcrn 
 Railway. 
 
 Tlie Workhouse and the railway mark the 
 position of Cowdray's Down, whereon, as wo 
 shall see, Parliamentarian troojjcrs kept watch 
 and ward for many a weary month, and that 
 cluni]) of trees to the ri^dit hcyond the railway 
 i.s near a large chalk pit, known as Oliver's 
 Delve, wherein regiment after regiment of the 
 bcsi<>gers found shelter. 
 
 Closer at hand, but " .severed by a wall and 
 common roade, againe divided from tlie foot of 
 Cowdrey's Downe by mcades, rivulets, and a 
 river running from Basingstoke, a mile dis- 
 tant, upon the west, is a farm house, which 
 from a time long prior to the siege has borne 
 the name of the 'Graunge,'" or "Grange." 
 To Mr. Barton, the present tenant, we and all 
 other visitors to the site of Basing House are 
 much indebted for (ourteous permission to ex- 
 amine the traces of the deadly struggle here to 
 be nut with. 
 
 A noble barn, said by tradition to have been 
 the former riding school, still retains a roof of 
 which many a churdi might well be proud, and 
 has evidently .served as a target for Colonel 
 Dalbier's hostde gunners. Just beyond the farm 
 buildings by th'i roadside are two gateways, the 
 brickwork of wliich justly attracts attention by 
 its exquisite workmanship A similar gateway, 
 perhaps due to the s;ime skilful workman, may 
 be .seen at Titchfield IIou.se. 
 
 "Within these two ancient but now walled-up 
 gateways is a level greensward, beneath which 
 the crowbar me ts everywhere with brickwork. 
 This was probably the site of the Grange at 
 the time of the siege, the present dwellinrr- 
 housc l)eing of more modern erection. TIr-; 
 idea gains confirmation from the fact that only 
 a few yards dist mt from the level spaco just 
 mentioned the wall is loopholcd for musketry, 
 apparently for the purpose of defending the 
 Grange, which was, as we shall presently see, 
 strongly fortifled. Bctw en the Grange and 
 the railw.aj' flows the river Loddon, adjoining 
 
 which may still be seen some of the ancient 
 fisli-ponds, now devoted to the (ultivation of 
 watercress. Tradition a.s.serts that the dwellerH 
 in Basing House used to go to churcli by water, 
 and old engravings .show that a considerable lake 
 foraierly existed on this side of the house. 
 
 Great difficulty was experienced in building 
 the railway viaduct in consequence of tho 
 swampy nature of the ground. 
 
 Looking across this low lying tract we note 
 the neat houses of the pleasant village of 
 Basing, called in the accounts of the siege 
 " Basing Towne," the new rectory and the 
 Church of St. Mary, which was more than once 
 taken and re-taken. Nearly opposite to the 
 aforesaid gatew-ays is a wall, which has been 
 battered by cannon shot, and just above, on the 
 bank of " the barge-river, is a wall, which was 
 formerly defended by a now ruinous tower, and 
 which extends to the ancient garrison gate, the 
 date of which, according to Prosser, is l.oG2, 
 and on which may still be seen the ancient 
 armorial bearings of the Paulets. Through 
 that ivy-covered gateway have ridden chivalrous 
 Colonel Gage, the deliverer of Basing in its 
 time of need, stern Oliver, and Hugh Peters, 
 '• the ecclcsia-stical newsmonger," who brought 
 word to waiting London of '• The Sack of 
 Basing House." Just within the garrison gate 
 we cross the canal, and are joined by tliree 
 friends, who give us much valuable local infor- 
 mation. They are Hugh Raynbird, Esq., the 
 Steward of the Hackwood Estate, Mr. Bartlett, 
 who acts as the caretaker of this historic .site, 
 and ;Mr. Hall, the village blacksmith, to one 
 and all of whom our best thanks are due. 
 
 To our right is a level greensward, sur- 
 I'oundcd by the canal and by deep moats. Along 
 the bink of the canal are the foundations of 
 towers of massive brickwork. Wherever the pick 
 is used foundations are met with just below the 
 siirface, and we see to our left front evident 
 remains of some stately building. 
 
 Considerable difficulty exists in determining 
 the exact position of various sites at Basing 
 House, but from the words of the '• Loy^ 
 IMarquis" himself, hereafter to be quoted, from 
 the remains already met with and from the 
 descriptions given of the position of the batteries, 
 it .seems almost, if not quite, certain that we are 
 now standing on the site of what was called 
 •' the Xew House." 
 
 Climbing or creeping through a rail fence, we 
 note a gap in the rampart where the brickwork
 
 The Ruined Fortress. 
 
 has falkn inward, evidently' shattered Ijy some 
 resistless force. We know that battel ies were 
 constiucted to play upon this portion of the 
 defences, and tliat practicalile brcaeiies were 
 made hereabouts. Furtheimorc, Mr. Hall points 
 out the spot, some si.x feet to the left, from 
 which he himself saw a ?y2U). cannon-ball 
 taken. Let each decide for himself, but it 
 seems, to say the lea.st, very probable that tliis 
 was "the imminent deadly breach" by which the 
 besiegers, so long baffled, at last entered the 
 strongliold. Beyond the moat to the south is 
 an open space, still called the Park, as it was 
 two centuries ago. Not long since two piers of 
 fine brickwork stood at tlie former entrance, 
 nearly o])poi^ite to which is a chalk-pit, in which 
 several skeletons have been discovered. Tliosc; 
 slain in tlie siege seem to have been buiied 
 wh' re they fell. Some appear to have l)een In- 
 tel red with care and reverence, wliilst the posi- 
 tion of other remains seems to indieat ^ haste 
 and heedlessness. There was formeily a little 
 wood between the House and the village of 
 Basing. Leaving the very probable site of the 
 New House, and retracing our steps, we note a 
 biidge of biickwoik, which was brouglit to 
 light a few years since. IMark it well, for on 
 that biidge brave men on both sides '• fought it 
 out at sword's point." 
 
 Huge caith works, circular in form, faced with 
 brickwork, over which grass and ivygiow green, 
 invite exploration, but leaving tlie bridge behind 
 us and walking over turf beneath whic!i lie 
 hidd( n yet moie foundations, we soon reach ;i 
 gale wliicli opens into a spacious garden, in 
 wliicli the Boy-King Edward \l. sought healtli 
 in our fresh Hampshire air ; whciein Queen 
 Mary and her Si);inish biidegroom spent some 
 liouis of their all too brief honeymoon, and 
 which saw Queen Elizabeth and the Ambassador 
 of France in grave and earnest conver.se. 
 Thomas Fuller, Wence.slaus Hollar, Oliver 
 Cromwell, Sir l{alph Hopton, and Hugli lYteis 
 have each in tuin visit d this plea.sant gaiden. 
 Along one side of it runs the long loopholed 
 "curtain" wall, with its two conical toweis, 
 one of which, as we have already seen, did good 
 SCI vice as a battery, as also piobaljly did the 
 other, which is now transformed into a dove- 
 cot. All around the sides arc nest-lioles, most 
 literally and in trutii '' pigeon-holes." Around 
 a. stout oak post in tlio lentre revolves a fr.ime- 
 TTork with a lailder attached to it, wliiih gives 
 easy access to the several pigeon nur.-;eries. The 
 
 ancestral doves must liave had unjileasant ex- 
 periences during the siege, but no doubt proved 
 most useful 
 
 ■' With their heads down in the gravy. 
 
 Ami their lejjs up throu^jh the crustj" 
 when other provisions began to fail. A po.siern 
 gate from this dovecot is now walled up. 
 We cross an orchard on the opposite side of 
 the garden to the dovecot, noting the ancient 
 wall on our right, and c nter a chamber of 
 massive brickwork, locally styled " The Bank- 
 ing," or '* Banquetting House." The latter 
 designation seems by no means appiopriate. but 
 it may have been a kind of mediiBval '" stiong 
 rooru." Who can tell? Turning to the right, 
 up a flight of steps we sec, at the door of the 
 pleasant " Cottage." a heap of mementoes of the 
 famous siege, which have been brought to light 
 by the excavations which have for some time 
 past been canied on liv Lord Bolton, and in 
 which the Hon. AV. T. Orde Powlett has taken 
 a keen and lively interest. Nor can we proceed 
 fuither without thanking the hitter for his kind 
 assistance to the writer in his endeavours to 
 throw light upon the siege and sa k of Basing. 
 Broken pottery mingles with fragments of 
 carved stone work. Here and there are proud 
 escutcheons having on them, " Honi soit qui 
 mal y pense," and fragments of the gloiious 
 family motto, "Aymc}' Loyante." Blackened 
 and discoloured here and tlierc indeed are they, 
 for flame-jets and smoke-eddies have done their 
 worst, but " Love Loyalty " is still the text 
 from which they preach, and spite of storm, 
 sack, and spoil, Basing will be "the House of 
 Loy Ity " for evermore. Glass quarries have 
 been found witli " Aymey Loyante " painted on 
 .scrolls of a pel iod evidently piior to the siege. 
 This discovery destroj's the pretty legend of 
 Basing House being styled " Loyalty JHouse," 
 from tlie ''Loyal IMarcjuis" having wiittcn this 
 motto on the window with a diamond ring, with 
 a view to animate and inspirit the gariison. 
 These qtrnries bear also tlie family badge (a 
 key and garter). Several cannon-balls have 
 been found. Mr. H.ill says "Yes, I have .seen a 
 number recast in yeais gone by at the Basing- 
 .stoke Foundiy." Bullet.s, and a large number 
 of fragments of .shell liave been met with ; and 
 two swords were brought to light some years ago. 
 lieautil'ul encaustic tiles, over which Queen 
 Bess walked, even in her old age tripping lightly, 
 quaint toliacco pipes, with bowls suggestive of 
 the da^s when "the weed" was worth its
 
 8 
 
 TllE liUINEU FOK'IRKHH. 
 
 woi<,'lit in silver, ami farm-Ts clioso tlioir largest 
 BhillitiLCs to pi ICO iu the tobacconists' scales, still 
 tell of tlic past. 
 
 Dr. Hayes, of Basingstoke, lias in his posses- 
 sion some aTuiont manacles from Basing, and 
 do not those vitrified masses speak of intense 
 and fervid heat ? Hand grenades, and the jaws 
 of horses that mnnclied oats two hundred years 
 ago, together with bones picked by hungry 
 Cavaliers at the same distant periotl, are not 
 wanting. The old ramparts arc here gay with 
 flowers, speaking not of war but of peace. 
 Long may they continue .so to do ! 
 
 Retracing our stt'ps towards the brick bridge, 
 by which we paused awliile ago, we have be- 
 tween us and the C mal the supposed Bowling 
 Green, oblong in shape, and formerly defended, 
 says Prosscr, by a rampart' and covered way, 
 •whereon amused themselves — " " Stop," cried 
 Mr. 8app, "no historical disquisitions please, or 
 we shall be hero till to-morrow morning !" 
 
 Opening an iron gate, and as carefully closing 
 it behind us, wc halt for a moment at the 
 entra'uc to a huge circular embankment of 
 earth face 1 with brickwork, and surrounded by 
 a moat, tiie average perpendicular depth of 
 which (except towards the Bowling Green) is 
 36 feet. Round the top of the earthworks runs 
 a path commanding wide and extensive views 
 over the U'.'ighbouring country. Prosscr (" An- 
 tiquities of Hampshire, 1842") tells us that 
 arouud the citadel or keep was a parapet wall, 
 about four feet high from the gravel, now de- 
 Btroyed. Some such protection must have been 
 necessary, since the besiegers' works were within 
 pistol shot. Several towers also protected the 
 circular rampart, Avhich wc will walk round 
 presently. 
 
 We are standing on the supposed site of the 
 lofty Gate House, and close beside us is a heap 
 of fragments of caiwed stonework, which tell of 
 past magnificence. Notice cspetially some fine 
 brickwo.k or terra cotta, of tho Tudor period, 
 and very similar to that at Layer Marncy, iu 
 Essex, which probably formed pait of the 
 stately mansion erected by the first Marquis, 
 who was " a willow, and not an oak." 
 
 Mr. Cooksey now produces a recent reprint, 
 entitled " A Description of the Siege of B.isinj 
 Castle, kept by the Lord ^larquissc of Win- 
 chester, for the service of His Majesty against 
 the forces of the Rebells under command of 
 Colonell Noiton. Anno Dom. 1044. Oxford, 
 printed by Leonard Lichfield, printer to the 
 
 University, 1G44." From this diary he rcatk 
 the following extract : — 
 
 " Basing C istlo, the seat and mansion of th* 
 Mirquisso of Winchester, Htind< on a risiiiL' 
 ground, having its formo circular, cncompis-scd 
 with a brick r imp irt, lined with earth, and a 
 very deep trench, but dry. The loftio Gate 
 house with fourc turrets looking northward-K, 
 on the right whereof without the compas.sjof 
 the ditch, is a goodly building, containing two, 
 faire courts. Before them is the Graungc 
 severed l»y a wall and common roadc, againc 
 divided from the foot of Cowdrey's Downc by 
 meades, rivulets, and a river running from 
 Basingstoikc, a mile distant upon tho west. The 
 south side of the Castle hath a parkc, and 
 toward Ba.sing townc a little wood, the place 
 seated and built as if for Royaltie, having a 
 proper m )tto, ' Aymey Loyaltc.' " 
 
 *' Having read this account of B.asing in its 
 glory by its lord and master, let us explore itM 
 ruins !" 
 
 Inclining to the right, as we enter the circular 
 keep or citadel, we at once reach the excava- 
 tions before referred to. Very curious and 
 very puzzling are their results. The rooms at 
 present explored seem to have been tiic kitchens 
 of the mansion. Recesses in which some think 
 the tinder-box formerly rested h ive been opencKl 
 out, together with chimneys, fireplace, and 
 ovens. Just within the rampart is what at 
 present seems like a corridor, paved in some 
 places with brick, and in others with flint. 
 This paving 'nas here and there disappeared, and 
 there is re.ason to suppose that wood was used, 
 as well as the more durable materials. Ch.ilk 
 also formed the floor in various places. A 
 circular brick wall, three feet in height, a por- 
 tion of which appears to have been hastily con- 
 structed, runs round the area pirallcl to the 
 outer rampart. Drains have been met with, 
 and a large culvert leads beneath the moat into 
 the open country. In one portion of the wall 
 arc several recesses, the original use of which is 
 shrouded in mystery. A large arch, which pro- 
 bably did duty as a silly-port, has been un- 
 covered, and various chambers below the surface 
 are being brought to light. Tlie foundations of 
 what was apparently a square tower are visible 
 near the centre of the circular area, and clost> 
 by is a large cellar, the arched roof of which 
 w is prolxibly intended to be bomb proof. The 
 stands for the beer barrel may still be seen, 
 and light was admitted by shoots very similar
 
 The Ruined Fortress. 
 
 to those in the crj'pt of "Winchester Cathedral. 
 The stcp.s leading down to this cellar wore of 
 lirick with stout oaken curbs. The all-con- 
 Kurning lire penetrated even here, as the charred 
 timbers plainly testified. Indeed, this cellar 
 was the probable scene of a tragedy as horrible 
 as that of the Black Hole of Calcutta, of 
 which Hugli Peters shall tell us more anon. 
 The citadel was supplied witli water from a 
 well on the left of the entrance, and there is 
 another well on the outer edge of the moat. 
 Pursuing our walk round the circular ram- 
 part, we notice sonic masonry which seems to 
 have formed part of: the more ancient build- 
 ing wliich Adam De Porta called " home." 
 Pleasant is the breezy walk along tlie path at 
 the top of the ramjiart, 'vherc steadfast Cava- 
 liers did "sentry go"' for many a weary month. 
 From the summit to the left of the entrance to 
 the citadel we look down into the moat, more 
 than [)') feet below, and the supposed site of the 
 famous New House. beyond which is the canal, on 
 the opposite bmk of which some of the out- 
 works of the fortress are still distinctly trace- 
 able. Further olf is Basing Cliurch, alter- 
 nately occupied l)y both parties, and as we walk 
 onwards we skirt the Park, in wliicli the be- 
 siegers raised tlieir strongest Avorks. Close by, 
 indeed witliin a stone"s throw of where we 
 utand, the focmen's trenches arc still much in 
 the same condition as they were after the final 
 assault. Close quarters truly ! 
 
 When we have completed half our circuit we 
 see the well before mentioned on the outer edge 
 of the moat, and we are evidently treading on 
 foundations, probibly of a tower, to defend a 
 drawbiidge, of the existence of wliich at this 
 point there arc some indications. A large 
 mound to the riglit of the well perhaps mirks 
 the position of a hostile battery. Sir William 
 Waller se ms to have " faced the House" on this 
 side. And now what a view we have ! Away in 
 the distance is Wiiiklebury Circle, from wlience, 
 according to tradition, Oliver, on his all-con- 
 quering march, llist surveyed from a distance 
 the st itely towers of Basing, doomed to fall. 
 Rather nearer is Basingstoke, the liead-qu irtcrs 
 of the Parliamentarian Committee, and we fail 
 not to remark pleasant Ilacliwood House, 
 wlicrein most fittingly find place the portraits 
 of the " Loyal" ^larquis and Marchiones.s. 
 
 Close below us are Slaughter Close and the 
 swamps which protected the fortress on tho 
 north. How clearly could the besieged di.scerii 
 the movements of the enemy's horse on Cowdrey 
 Down, of the infantry quutered in the Delve, 
 and of convoys moving along the lower road or 
 "lane" from Basingstoke. Protected by the 
 guns mounted upon and around the House, 
 as well as l)y its own fortifications, was 
 the Grange, Avhich also was stoutly defended. 
 Beyond the church, in a field called Priest- 
 croft, which may be the land formerly belong- 
 ing to tlie Chaplain of the free chapel of 
 Basing, arc the remains of fortifications, 
 and across th i River Loddon is Pyat's or 
 Magpie Hill, from wlicnce the besieged drew 
 frequent and welcome supplies of corn. 
 
 One of our party produces a rare contem- 
 porary etching as -ribed to Woncesl lus Hollar, the 
 eminent engraver, who was himself one of the 
 l)esieged, and Air. Sapp has also a view of tlu; 
 House from a very ancient drawing, now in tlm 
 BoJlci m Library. The latter view sliows a Largi! 
 expanse of water on one side, whicli is crossed Ity 
 a causeway. In " The Soldier's Report of Sir 
 William Waller's Fight," &c., we arc told: 
 " This place is very strongly fortified. Tlie 
 walls of tiie house are made thick and strongly 
 to bcare out cannon bullL'ts, and tlie liouse built, 
 upright, so th it no m in can comm md the roofe; 
 tlie windowcs thereof arc guard d by the ouU'r 
 walles, and there is no pla e open in the house 
 save only for certain Drikes (or field-pieces) 
 upon the roofc of the said house, wherewith 
 they are able to play upon our Army, tliough we 
 discern them not. The house is as large and 
 .spacious as the Tower of London, and strongly 
 walled about with earth raised against the wall, 
 of such a thicknesse tliat it is able to dead the 
 greatest cannon bullet, besides tlicy have great 
 store both of ammunition :ind victualls to serve 
 for supply a long time, and in tlie wall tlivern 
 pieces of ordnance about the house." Cromwfll 
 speaks of taking "about ten pix-esof ordnance."' 
 The ]\Iarquis says "Our courts being laiye 
 and many;" and Hugh Peters statos, "Then! 
 were in lioth houses Itj courts, both great and 
 small." Several towers aided the defenro, l>nt 
 the lead was strippiMl from all the turrets duriiij{ 
 the siege, to be cast into bullets.
 
 Chapter II.— Basing in " Yk Oldkx Tymk." 
 
 II;iviii[_; now ohtaiiictl a gciunil iilca of the 
 ground on ■which once stood leasing House, wc 
 neat ourselves on the grassy slopes of the 
 citadel, and one of our party (with an occa- 
 sional comment from some one or other of his 
 midicnce) speaks as follows : — "Before we speak 
 of the Civil War, we must make brief mention 
 «f ' a fight fought long ago' on tliis very spot. 
 A Danish host landed in the north, stormed 
 York, and marched upon ' tlie Royal city 
 called Reading.' Brave Earl Alfgar liad tried 
 to bar the Vikings' way, only to die as a 
 soldier should, sword in hand beneath the oaks 
 of Kesteven. 
 
 The lion-hearted Ethclred dwelt in the palace 
 of the "West Saxons at "Winchester, and by his 
 side was his young brother. Earl Alfred, ' the 
 truth teller,' already known as a Dane fighter. 
 Ijcd by the two Royal soldiers, the men of 
 "Wessex, witli their dragon standard, faced the 
 Raven of the North on or near the site of 
 Basing Hou.se. How thickly flew the arrows 
 that day ! how fiercely did Saxon and North- 
 man hew and hack at one another ! how cheerily 
 rang out Alfred's battle cry ! It was, we may 
 1)0 sure, not his fault that 'the Pagans 
 remained masters of the place of death.' and 
 that ' when the fight began hope passed from 
 the one side to the other ; tlie Royal army was 
 deceived ; the enemy had the %'ictory but gained 
 no spoils.' The grave of the slain is probably 
 remembered in tlie name of tlic nciglibouring 
 farm of 'Lick Pit,' or 'Body Pit.'" 
 
 But we must hasten onwards. Camden says: 
 '^Beneath this (the Holy Ghost Chappell) East- 
 •ward lieth Basing, a towne very well knowne 
 by reason of the Lords bearing the name of it, 
 to wit, St. John, the Poinings. and the Pow- 
 lets. For Avhen Adam'de Portu, Lord of Basing, 
 a mightie man in this tract. and of great wealth, 
 in the reign of "William the First, matclied in 
 marriage with the dauglitcr and licire to the 
 right noble 1 ouse of St. John, "William his 
 Sonne, to doe honour unto that familie, assumed 
 to him the surname of St. John, and they who 
 
 lineally descended from him have still retaiind 
 the same. But when Edward St. John 
 depattcd out of this world without i.s.suf 
 in King Edward the Third his time, 
 his sister IMargarct bettered the state 
 of her husband, John Saint Philibert, 
 with the po.ssessions of the Lord Saint John, 
 and when slie was d^ad without children, 
 Isabell, the other sister, wife unto Sir John 
 Poinings, bare unto him Thomas Lord of 
 Basing, whose niece Constance by his sonne 
 Hngli (unto whom this fell for h r chiM-part 
 of inlieritance) was wedded into the familie of 
 Powlct, and slie was gr at grandmother to that 
 Sir "Williim Powlet who. being made Baron 
 Saint John of Ba.sing, by King Hcnrie the 
 Eighth, and created by King Edward the 
 Sixth first Earl of "Wiltshir\ and afterwards 
 Mirquess of Winchester, and withall was Lord 
 Treasurer of England, having in a trouble- 
 some time runne through the highest 
 honour, fulfilled the course of nature 
 with the satietie of his life (and that 
 is great prosperitie as a rare bls-sing 
 among Courtiers), after he had built a 
 most sumptuous house heere, for the spacious 
 largenesse thereof admirable to the beholder, 
 untill for the great and chargeable repar.itions 
 his successors pulled down a good part of it. 
 But of him I have spoken before." This keep 
 or citadel, in which we now are. is probably an 
 old camp, which has been utilised in turn by 
 Celt. Roman, Saxon, Dane. Norman, and 
 Cavalier. In a grant made to the Priory of 
 INIonks Sherborne, in the reign of Henry II.. 
 mention is made of '' the old castle of Basing." 
 This seems to have been rebuilt by William 
 Paulet, or Powlctt, the First Marquis of Win- 
 chester, of whom we are told that he was the 
 son of Sir John Paukt, who was twice Sheriff 
 of Hampshire. He was made Comptroller and 
 Treasurer of the Household by Henry "\'III., 
 and became Lord Treasurer to Edward Yl.. by 
 whom he was created ^Marquis of Winchester. 
 *' It has never been said that he possessed
 
 Ba<-ing in " Ye Olden Tyme." 
 
 11 
 
 masterly abilities; he is only presented to us as 
 a man of great policy and sagacity." He was 
 the c ief instrument in preserving the crown to 
 Queen Mary, and died in lo71 at the age of 87, 
 enormously wealthy, and leaving 1U3 de- 
 scendants. He seems to have been remarkable 
 for pithy sayings. Being asked how he had re- 
 tained the favour of four Tudor sovereigns, he 
 replied " I was born of the willow, not of the 
 oak." He said also " that there was always 
 the best justice when the Court was absent 
 from London." He thus wrote : — 
 
 Late Slipping I forbear, 
 
 Wine and women I forswear ; 
 
 My neck and feet 1 keep from cold, 
 
 No marvel then, though I be old ; 
 
 I am a willow, not an oak. 
 
 I chide, but never hur*', with stroke. 
 In luG'J he entertained at Basing his Royal 
 mistress, who made the full fond conf ssion, 
 "By my troth, if my Loid Treasurer were but 
 a young man, I could find in my heart to love 
 him for a husljand before any man in England." 
 Entertaining Royal personages was expensive 
 then as now. In January, 1;"jG0, the old Mar- 
 quis received a letter from the Earl of Shrews- 
 bury, who acted as jailor to the Queen of Scots, 
 asking for a further allowance of wine in these 
 terms : — '• Truly two tnns h ive not sufficed ordi- 
 narily, besides that whicli is sacrificed at times 
 for her bxtliingsand such like use, which seeing 
 I cannot by any means conveniently diminish, 
 my earnest trust and desire is that you will now 
 consider me with such larger propoitions in tliis 
 case as shall seem good unto your friendly 
 wisdom, even as I shall think myself much be- 
 holden to you for the same, and so I commit 
 you unto God. From Tutbury Castle, this 15 
 of January, loG'J. Your assured friend to my 
 l)ower, G. SiiUKWSiiUiiv." The second Marquis, 
 who was one of tiie judges at tlie trial of the 
 Uuke of Norfolk in irj7"J,dicdin ir)7(), bequeatli- 
 iiig his body to be l)Uiied in the churcli of 
 Basing, and ordering that his funeral should 
 cost 1000/. The tliird Marquis wrote poetry and 
 gave large estates to four illegitimate sons. His 
 son and successor impoverished himself by 
 royally entertaining Queen Elizabeth in 1001, 
 of which we have the following graphic account : 
 "Queen Elizabeth's entertainment at Bas- 
 ing House, in her progress in IG H. — Her 
 j\Iajcsty was that night attended on to 
 Basing, a liouso of the Lord I^Iarquesse. where 
 she took mucli <[uiet content, as well with tlie 
 scate of tlie liouse, as honourable carriage of the 
 
 worthy Lady Lucie, ^larquesse of "Winchester, 
 that shee staid there thiiteene dayes, to the 
 greate charge of tiie .siyde Lorde Marcjuesse. 
 The fourth day after the Queens conmiing t«> 
 Basing the sheriffe was commanded to attend 
 the Duke of Biron at his comming into that 
 (ountry, whereupon the next day, being tiie 
 loth of September, hee went towards Black- 
 water, being the uttermost confines of that 
 shire, towards London, and then met the s;iid 
 Duke, accompanied with above 20 of the 
 nobilitie of France, and attended with about 
 400 Frenchmen, who were met by George, 
 Earle of Cumberland, and by him conducteil 
 from London to Hampshire. The .s;iid Duke 
 was that night brought to the Vine, a faire and 
 large house of Lord Sands, which house was 
 furnished witli hangings and plate from the 
 Tower and Hampton Court, with 7-score bed-H 
 and furniture, which the willing and obedient 
 people of the countrie of Soutliainptin. upon 
 two dayes warning, had brought in thilher, to 
 lend the Queene. The Duke abode there four 
 or five days, all at the Queene's charges, ami 
 spent her more at the Vine than her owne 
 court for the time spent at Basen. During her 
 abode there. Her ^Majestic went to him at the. 
 Vine, and he to her at Basen, and one day he 
 attended her at Basen-parke on hunting, where 
 the Duke stiied her comming, and did there see 
 her in such Royaltie, and .so attendeil by the 
 nobilitie,and co.stly furnished and mounted,as the 
 like had .seldome been scene ; but when she c;ime 
 to tlie place where the Duke staied, the tviid 
 Mierilfe (as the manner is), being bareheaded, 
 and riding next day before her, staled his horse, 
 thinking the Queene would then have s;ilute(l 
 the Duke, whereat the Queene, being mucli 
 offended, commanded the Sheriffe to go on. 
 The Duke followed her very liuml)ly, bowinj; 
 low towards his horse's maine with his caji olF. 
 About twenty yards llw ^lajestie on thesud<hii 
 tooke off her maske, looked backe upon hiiu, 
 and most gratiously and court eou><ly .s.iluted him, 
 as holding it not beseeming .so mightie a Pruice 
 as she was, and who so well knew all kingly 
 maje.stie to make her stay directly against a 
 subject before he had shewed his oliedience in 
 following after her. She tarried at Basen 
 thirteen d ly.s, as is aforesaid, being very well 
 contented with all things there done, aflirming 
 she had done th t in Hampshire that none of 
 her ancest )rs ever did. neither any Prince of 
 Cristendo.ni? could doj : that was slie had in h'C
 
 12 
 
 Basino in " Yk Oi,T)i;n Tymk." 
 
 prof^iTSso in hvv Kul)ji'( is' houses oiitcrtiiincd a 
 Itoyall Ainhassador.and had Royally ciitcitaiiitd 
 liiiii. At htr d( i)arturc! from IJasin, being the 
 1 Ith oE Seiitomher, slic made 10 Kiii<,dits, 
 having never in all her raignc made, at one 
 time, so ninny before, whose names were : Sir 
 Edward Cilsell. second sonne to the Lord 
 Biirley ; Sir iMlward Ilungc if( rd, next heyre 
 to the Lord Ilungerford ; Sir Edward Bainton, 
 of AViltshire, Sir W. Kingmil, Sir Care Raw- 
 Icigh, Sir Franeis Palmer, tlscn sheriffe of the 
 Hhirc ; Sir Renjamin Tiehbourne, Sir Hamden 
 Paulot, Sir Riehard Norton, of Hampshire ; Sir 
 Francis Stoner. of Oxfordshire ; and Sir Edward 
 Ludlow, of AViltshirc. Next day she went from 
 Baseii towards Farnham, a castle belonging 
 to the see of "Windiest r, and in her 
 ■way to Farnham she kniglited Sir Richard 
 White in his own house, having feasted her and 
 licr trayne very royally, nccr unto which townc 
 the sheriffe of Hampshire took his leave, nnd 
 the slieriffe of Snrrey met her, but the sheriffe 
 of Hampshire and the gentlemen of tliat country 
 "wont to Farnham by command, and there at- 
 tended the next day, where they were feasted 
 ;uid kindly entertained by the learned prelate, 
 Dr. Bilson, Bishoppc of Winchester, upon whose 
 oncly commendation two auncicnt and worthy 
 gentlemen of Hampshire, Sir Richard Mill and 
 Sir AVilliam Udall, received there the dignity of 
 knighthood. And thus much for that progrcssc 
 to be noted." (Tide •' Queen Elizabeth's Pro- 
 gresses," Yol. II.) 
 
 The Yyne or Vine just mentioneol is near 
 Sherborne St. John. Before the 16th century 
 it was an old manor house, which Lord Sandj's 
 enlarged and beautified. It was afterwards 
 
 greatly altered Ijy liiigo Jones an<l Imh son-iti- 
 law Webb. Camden styles it " A neat hou.sc of 
 the Lord Sandes, called fiom the vines intro- 
 duced into Biitain, more for shade than for tho 
 .sake of the fruit, ever since the time of tho 
 Emperor Probus, who allowed the Britons and 
 other nations to plant vines." Horace Walpf)lc 
 says '' At the A'inc is the most heavenly chajjel 
 in the world." wliieli contains some stained glasB 
 brouglit from Boulogne after its capture by 
 Henry YIII. by the first Lord Sandy.**. This 
 glass has, therefore, like Iludibras's breeches and 
 the hollow copper l)all on Naseby Spire, " been 
 at the siege of Bullen." The tomb loom 
 adjoining the chapel was built by John Chute, 
 the friend of Horace Walpole. It contains an 
 altar-tomb, with an effigy of Chaloner Chute, 
 Speaker of the House of Commons, and one of 
 the great lawj'crs of the time of the Common- 
 wealth, who purchased the estate of tho 
 representatives of the Sandys family. For 
 full particulars of the noble owners of 
 Basing see Woodward's ///x/o/v/ of Ilainpi-liire, 
 to which wc are greatly indebtv d for much 
 valuable information. The oth Marquis at first 
 managed his estates in peace, keeping up tlio 
 old customs that " tenants were to make 
 hedges for the wheat field by or within six days 
 after St. Andrew's Day. and for the barley field 
 on or within six days of Maie Daie. No wheat was 
 to be sown until within afortnight of Chiistmas, 
 and no fallowing done until within a foitnight 
 of Candlemas.'' But more stirring •times were 
 about to luin, wliilst immoitalising. Basing, and 
 to confer wpon its noble owner the proud title 
 of "the Loj-al Marquis."
 
 Chapter III.— The Civil AVak BEoiNi. 
 
 It comes not within our province to discuss 
 the causes of quarrel between Charles I. and his 
 Parlianaent. Suffice it to say that the house of 
 Pawlet declared for the King. On June l.'jtli, 
 1642, Lord Pawlet was with the King at York, 
 and was one of those who were styled by their 
 opponents '' the Popish and beggarly lords, and 
 cavaliers for and about the King." On that day 
 he, with 44 other noblemen, declared that '"the 
 King had no intention of making war upon the 
 Parliament," and on June 20th he was one of 
 43 who undertook " to pay horses for three 
 months (thirty days to the month), at two 
 shillings and sixpence per diem, still advancing 
 a month's pay, the first payment to begin so 
 soone as the King shall call for it after the com- 
 missions shall be issued under the great scale. 
 In this number are not to be reckoned the horses 
 of the subscribers, or of those that shall attend 
 them." Lord Pawlet promised to provide 40 
 horses, and the Lord Marquess of Hartford GO. 
 Lord Pawlet and his son Sir John Pawlet were 
 afterwards besieged in Sherborne Castle by the 
 Earl of Bedford. 
 
 In Hampshire the Marquis of Winchester de- 
 clared for the King, but his kin.smen. Sir Henry 
 Wallop and Robert Wallop, who were members 
 for the county and for Andover, were Parlia- 
 mentarians. Of this ancient family Camden 
 says, " After this, Test having taken into it a 
 little river from Wallop, or more truly Well- 
 hop, that is by interpretation out of our forc- 
 fathei's' ancient language ' a pretty well out of 
 the side of a hill,' whereof that right worship- 
 ful familie of the AVallops of Knights' Degree 
 dwelling liarde by tooke name." Two other 
 kinsmen, Richard and Sir Thomas Jcrvoise, 
 represented the Ijorougli of AVliitchurch in Par- 
 liament. Sir AVilliam Waller, the Parliamen- 
 tarian general, was also a relative, and liad just 
 been returned a memljcr for Andover. 
 
 Sir Henry Wallop and Richard Whitehead, 
 Esq., who wore both Parliamentarians, repre- 
 sented the county at Westminster. Sir Henry 
 Rainsford and Henry Vernon, Esq., were the 
 
 original members for Andover in the Long Par- 
 liament, but by a petition which bears the date 
 of May .3rd, 1042. Mr. Vernon was un.seated, 
 and Sir William Waller declared duly elected, 
 the return being amended on May 12th, 1G42. 
 Robert Wallop, Esq., a staunch friend to the 
 Parliament, also represented Andover in the 
 Long Parliament. 
 
 Henry Percy, Esq., was one of the members 
 for Portsmouth, but on his electing to sit for 
 Northumberland a new writ was issued on 
 November 11th, 1G42, and Nicholas Weston, 
 Esq., was elected. The other member was the 
 notorious Colonel Goring, who, deserting the 
 Parliament, openly declared for the King early 
 in August, 1G42, and was, in consequence, ex- 
 pelled from the House of Commons on the 8th 
 of that month. 
 
 The members for Southampton were George 
 Gallop and Edward Exton, Esqs.. who were 
 likewi.se adlierents of the Parliament. The re- 
 presentatives of Stockbridge were William 
 Heveningham and William Jeph.son, Esqs., who 
 supported the same cause, whilst at AVhitchurch 
 the Parliament had friends in Richard Jcrvoise, 
 Esq.. and Sir Thomas Jcrvoise. the sitting 
 members. Clarendon speaks of '• Norton, 
 Onslow, Jarvis. Whitehead, and Morley, all 
 Colonels of Regiments," and of "two Captains, 
 Jarvise and Jephson, the two eldest sons of two 
 of the greatest rebels of that country, both 
 heirs to good fortunes." One o." the members 
 for Winchester was the ccleljratod John Lisle, 
 Esq., the friend of Cromwell, and the husband 
 of Dame Alicia Lisle, tlie victim of brutal 
 Judge Jeffreys. His colleague. Sir William 
 (afterwards Lord) Ogle, was a devoted 
 Royalist, which cau.scd liim to be un.seated 
 on June 24th. 1G4;^. Sir William Lewis, Bart.. 
 and Sif AVm. L'vcdale .supported the claims of the 
 Parliament at Petersfioltl. Sir Benjamin Tich- 
 borne, who also represented Petei-sfiold about 
 this time, was ol)liged to " retire after the l)attlc 
 of Clieriton to tlie mansion at West Tistcd. 
 This is now a farm-house, and near it an old
 
 14 
 
 Thf. Civil War Beoins. 
 
 liollow oak is ntill shown in which tho Knif,'ht 
 contrived to socTot*? liimsolf from tho |misuit 
 of tho troopoi's wlio woro sent to apprehend 
 him. f>ir Richard Tidihorno was jnoliahly in 
 tlio battle of ("hcriton, as was also his l)rothor, 
 Sir Benjamin, and liis son, Sir Tlonry. These 
 members of the Tichborne family were unhap- 
 pily arrayed a_<,'ainst a kinsman in the Parlia- 
 mentarian Army. Tliis was Robert Tich- 
 borne, a zealous adlnTcnt of ( "nmi well, after- 
 wards Lord ^[ayoi- of London, and called 1)V the 
 Protector to his Upper House in 1('.,')7. He sat 
 as ono of the JudL,'es on the trial f)f the unfor- 
 tunate Charles, and sii^Mied the warrant for his 
 execution. He was arraii,'ned, but never lirouijlit 
 to trial. Sir Henry Tichborne, the son of Sir 
 Ricliard, is the same baronet who is represented 
 in Tilbourg's picture of the Dole. For his at- 
 tachment to the Royal cause his estate was 
 sequestered, but reijained at the Restoration.'' 
 Colonel Norton, the friend of Cromwell, lived 
 at the Manor House of Old Alresf rd, but Dr. 
 Peter Heylin, the Rector, who wrote a History 
 of the Reformation, was hateful to the Puritan 
 party, bavins? arranged bis church according to 
 the Injunctions issued }>}• Archbishop Laud. 
 The principal inhabitants of Alresford favoured 
 the Parliament. "Winchester Castle was a place 
 of considerable strength. James I. had granted 
 it to the Tichborne family in fee farm for ever. 
 Sir William "Waller laid claim to the office of 
 Governor, but in 1G43 Sir Ricliard Tichborne 
 aided in bringing it under the aut' oiity of the 
 King. Bishop Curie and the Rev. "W. Lewis, 
 Master of St. Cross, were "stanch loyalists and 
 Churchmen," whilst as to the inhabitants in 
 general we know that when Charles T.Avas brought 
 as a prisoner to the city under a guard of horse 
 on December ■21st, 1(j4>^. en route from Hurst 
 Castle to AVindsor. '• At his entrance therein the 
 Mayor and Aldermen of the city did. notwith- 
 standing the times, receive the King with duti- 
 ful respect, and the clergy did the like. During 
 his short stay of one night the gentrj- and 
 others of inferior rank flocked thither in great 
 numbers to welcome His ^Majesty." !Most of 
 tho townsmen of Southampton appear to have 
 been friendly to the Roval cause, whilst of the 
 noble Lord of Titchfield House Clarendon says : 
 ''The Earl of Southampton w.is indeed a great 
 man in all respc ts. and brought very much re- 
 putation to the King's cause." A large portion 
 of the paris'i of Abbott's "Worthy belonged to 
 Arthur, Lord Capel, who desired that his heart. 
 
 after his execution in March, 1G49, might be en- 
 closed in a silver vase and presented to Charles 
 I[. at the Restoration, which was accordingly 
 done. Of hin» the old rhyme ran : — 
 
 Our lion-liko (^'upcl iiu'launtdl hIoo'I, 
 IJcset with cros.scH in a ."pa of hlood. 
 
 Colonel Sandys, o'" !Mottisfont House, Colonel 
 Phillips, of Stoke Charitj'. Captain Peregrine 
 Tasbury. and manj' others took up arms for the 
 King. The Earl of Portland, who held sway 
 in the Isle of "Wight, was peculiarly obnoxiou.s 
 to the Puritans, who "objected to all the acts 
 of good fellowship, all the waste of powder, and 
 all the waste of wine in the drinking of healths, 
 and other acts of jollity : whichever he had 
 been at in bis government from tho first hour 
 of his entering upon it.'' 
 
 The Marquis of "Winchester seems to have 
 been at first inclined to neutrality, for. after 
 giving a description of Basing House, he says : 
 " Hither, the rebellion having made houses of 
 pleasure more unsafe, the Marquis fir.st retired, 
 hoping integrity .and privacy might have here 
 preserved his quiet, but the source of the time's 
 villany. bearing downe all before it. neither 
 alh)wiiig neutrality, or permitting peace to any 
 that desired to be lesse sinful than themselves, 
 enforceth him to stand upon his guard." The 
 position of Basing House, commanding," sit did, 
 the western road, could not escape notice, and 
 on August 10th. 1G41. " In the Hou.se of Com- 
 mons one. 'Mv. Sewer, did this day give infor- 
 mation that he diil see on Monday was seven- 
 night a great many arms in the ^larquis of 
 "Winchester's hou.se at Basingstoke, a iccus:int. 
 and that the keepers of them told him there 
 were arms for a thousand five hundred men." 
 On November 4th. of the s;ime year. •• It was 
 ordered that the Lord Marquess of Winchester 
 shall have liberty, by vcrtue of this Order, to 
 sell off his arms to such tradesmen as will buy 
 the same." Having thus, as they thought, 
 rendered Basing House defenceless, some of its 
 foes attacked it. which "enforceth him (the 
 ^Marquis) to stand upon his guard, which, with 
 his gentlemen armed with six musquets 
 (the whole remainder of a well-furnished 
 armory). he did so well that twice 
 the enemies' attempts proved vaine." 
 " Portsmouth was at the time of the raising of 
 the standard held for the King by one whose 
 course, from first to last, devious, uncertain, 
 and unprincipled, shed disgrace upon the noble- 
 ness of his name, and upon the honourable pro-
 
 Thb (t'lvrx, War Begins. 
 
 15 
 
 fession of a soldier. This man Avas Goring, 
 than whom, on account of his private vices of 
 drunkenness, cruelty, and rapacity, and of liis 
 political timidity and treachery, scarcely any- 
 one Avas more unworthy to be trusted with any 
 important matters for counsel or execution." 
 Clarendon says. " AVhen the King returned to 
 York, an accident fell out that made it 
 absolutely necessary for the King to declare the 
 war, and to enter upon it before he was in any 
 degree ripe for action, which was that Ports- 
 mouth had declared for the King and refused 
 to submit to tlie Parliament, whicli had there- 
 upon sent an army, under the command of Sir 
 "William Waller, to reduce it." 
 
 •' In the previous yt-ar Col. Goring had been 
 a traitor to the King, and had betrayed the 
 army plot. Tlie Parliament now felt sure of 
 him, but he was all the while in treaty with 
 their enemies. Queen Henrietta INIaria even 
 thought of placing lierself under his protection 
 at Portsmouth. This plan he duly disclosed to 
 the Parliament, and received large sums of 
 money from both Puiitans and Cavaliers to be 
 expended upon the defences of the town. All 
 which he performed with that admiral)lc 
 dissimulation .and i-are conlidence that when 
 the House of Commons was informed by a 
 meml)cr, whose zeal and affection to them was 
 as much valued as any man's. • tliat all Lis 
 correspondence in the county was with the most 
 malignant persons (i.e.. Royalists), tliat of those 
 many freciuently resorted to. and continued 
 witli liim in the garrison ; that he Avas fortify- 
 ing and raising of batteries towards the land; 
 iind that in his discour.se, especially in 
 the seasons of his good fellowshi]>, he 
 used to utter threats against the I'ai'Iia- 
 ment and sharp ccnsui'cs of their proceed- 
 ings, and upon such information (the author 
 whereof was well known to them, and of great 
 reputation, and lived so near Portsmouth that 
 he could not be mistaken, in the matter of 
 fact). (Was this informant Colonel Norton, or 
 one of his family from Soutliwick Park ?) the 
 House sent for him, most thinking he would 
 refuse to come. Colonel (Joring came upon the 
 summons, witli tliat undamitediiess. that all 
 clouds of distru.st immediattly vanished, inso- 
 much as no man presumed to whisper tlie least 
 jealousy of him ; wliicli lie observing, came to 
 tlie House of Commons, of which he was a 
 member, and having sate a day or two patiently, 
 13 B if he expected some charge, in the cud ho 
 
 stood up. with a countenance full of modesty 
 and yet not without a mi.xture of anger (as he 
 could help him.self with all the insinuations 
 of doubt or fear, or shame, or simplicity in his 
 face that might gain belief, to a greater degree 
 than I ever saw any man ; and could .seem the 
 most confounded when he was best prepared, 
 and the mo.st out of countenance when he was 
 best resolved, and to want words, and the habit 
 of speaking, when they flowed from no man 
 with greater power), and told them that he 
 had been sent for by them, upon some informa- 
 tion given against him, and that, though he 
 believed, the charge being so ridiculous, they 
 might have received, by their own particular 
 inquiry, satisfaction, yet the discourse that had 
 been used, and his being sent for in that manner, 
 had begot some prejudice to him in his reputa- 
 tion ; which if he could not preserve, he should 
 be the less able to do them service ; and there- 
 fore desired, that he might have leave (though 
 very unskilful, and unfit to speak, in so wise 
 and judicious an assembly) to present to them 
 the state and condition of that place under his 
 command. And then he doubted not. but to 
 give them full satisfaction in those particulars, 
 which, possibly, had made some impression in 
 them to his disadvantage. That he was far from 
 taking it ill from those who had given any in- 
 formation against him ; for wiiat he had done, 
 and must do. might give some umbrage to well 
 affected persons, who knew not the grounds and 
 reasons that induced him so to do ; but that 
 if any such persons would at any time 
 resort to him, l.e would clearly inform 
 them of whatever motives he had ; and would 
 lie glad f>f their advice and assistance for the 
 better doing thereof. Then he took notice of 
 every particular that had been publickly said 
 against him, or |nivalely whispered, and gave 
 sucli plausible answers to the whole, interming- 
 ling sharp taunts and scorns to what had been 
 .said ol" him. with pretty ajiplication of himself 
 and flattery to the men that spake it. Conclud- 
 ing ' That they well knew in what esteem ho 
 stood with others ; so that if. by his ill carriage, 
 he .should forfeit the good opinion of that 
 House, upon which he only tlepended. and to 
 who.se service he entirely devoted himself, he 
 were madder than his friends took him to be, 
 and must be as un]>itied in any misery that 
 could befal him as his enemies would be glad 
 to sec him.' With which, as innocently and 
 unaffectedly uttered, as can be imagined, ho got
 
 16 
 
 The Civil Wae Begins. 
 
 Ro general an applause from the ■whole House 
 that, not witliout some apoloj,'y for troubling 
 him, they desired him again to repair to his 
 government, and to iinisli those -works which 
 ■were necessary for the safety of the place, and 
 gratified him with consenting to all the pro- 
 positions he made in behalf of his garrison, and 
 paid him a good sum of money for their 
 arrears ; with which, and being privately as- 
 sured (which was indeed resolved on) that he 
 should be Lieutenant-Cieneral of their Horse 
 in their new army, wlien it should be formed, 
 he departed again to Portsmouth ; in the mean 
 time assuring His Majesty, by those who were 
 trusted between them, ' That he would be 
 speedily in a posture to make any such declara- 
 tion for his service as he should be required ;' 
 which he was forced to do sooner than he was 
 provided for it, though not sooner than he had 
 reason to expect." 
 
 " When the levies for the Parliament Army 
 were in good forwardness, and that Lord had 
 received his commission for Lieutenant-General 
 of the Horse, he wrote the Lord Kimbolton, who 
 was his most bosome friend, and a man very 
 powerful, desiring ' That he might not be called 
 to give his attendance upon the army till he was 
 ready to march ; because there were so many 
 things to be done and perfected for the safety of 
 that important place, that he was desirous to be 
 present himself at the work as long as was pos- 
 sible. In the meantime he had given directions 
 to his agent in London to prepare all things for 
 his equipage ; so that he would be ready to 
 appear at any rendezvous, upon a day's warning.' 
 Though the Earl of Essex did much desire his 
 company and assistance in the Council of War, 
 and preparing the articles, and forming the dis- 
 cipline for the Army, he having been more lately 
 versed in the order and rule of marches and the 
 provisions necessary or convenient thereunto 
 than any man then in their service, and of greater 
 command than any man but the General ; yet 
 the Lord Kimbolton prevailed that he might not 
 be sent for till things were riper for action. 
 And when that Lord did afterwards write to him 
 ' That it was time he should come away, he sent 
 such new and reasonable excuses, tliat they were 
 not unsjitisfied with his delay ; till he had mul- 
 tiplied those excuses so long that they began to 
 suspect, and they no sooner inclined to suspicion 
 but they met with abundant arguments to cherish 
 it. His behaviour and course of life was very 
 notorious to all the neighbours, nor was he at all 
 reserved in hl-s mirth and publick discourses to 
 
 conceal his opinion of the Parliament, and their 
 proceedings, so that at last the Lord Kimbolton 
 Avrit plainly to him ' That he could no longer 
 excuse his absence from the Army, where he was 
 much wanted ; and that if he did not come to 
 London by such a short day as he named, he 
 found his integrity would be doubted, and that 
 many things were laid to his charge, of which he 
 doubted not his innocence, and therefore con- 
 jured him immediately to be at Westminster, it 
 being no longer deferred or put ofp.' He writ 
 a jolly letter to that Lord ' That the truth was, 
 his Council advised him that the Parliament did 
 many things which were illegal, and that he 
 might incur much danger by obeying all their 
 orders, that he had received the command of that 
 garrison from the King, and that he durst not be 
 absent from it without his leave :' and concluded 
 with some good counsel to the Lord.'' 
 
 " This declaration of the Governor of a place, 
 which had the reputation of being the only 
 place of strength in England, and situated upon 
 the sea. put them into many apprehensions ; 
 and they lost no time in endeavouring to reduce 
 it ; but upon the first understanding his resolu- 
 tion, Sir WUliam Waller was sent with a good 
 part of the army, so to block it up that neither 
 men nor provisions might be able to get in, and 
 some ships were sent from the Fleet, to prevent 
 any relief by sea. And these advertisements 
 came to the King as soon as he returned to 
 York." 
 
 Previous to the arrival of Sir William Wal- 
 ler, the troops of the Parliament were under 
 the command of Sir John Merrick, who was 
 at the time Serjeant Major-General of their 
 army. He was afterwards superseded by 
 General Philip Skippon. receiving the appoint- 
 ment of General of the Ordnance. Let us hear 
 Clarendon once more. •' It gave no .small 
 reputation to His Majesty's affairs, when there 
 was so great a damp upon the spirits of men, 
 from the misadventures at Beverly, that so 
 notable a place as Portsmouth had declared 
 for him in the very beginning of the war; 
 and that so good an officer as Goring was 
 returned to his duty, and in the possession of 
 the town. And the King, who was not sur- 
 prised with the matter, knowing well the reso- 
 lution of the colonel, made no doubt but that 
 he was very well supplied with all things, 
 as he might well have been, to have given the 
 rebels work, for three or four months, at the 
 least."
 
 Siege Of Poetsmouth in tub Yeak 16 i2. 
 
 17 
 
 This and other considerations induced the 
 King to issue a proclamation calling on his 
 loyal subjects to rally round his standard at 
 Nottingham,and to send the IMarquis of Hertford , 
 with Lord Seymour, his brother, Lord Pawlet, 
 Hopton, Stawel, Coventry, Berkeley, Wind- 
 ham, and some other gentlemen " of the prime 
 quality and interest in the AVestcrn parts," 
 into those districts to raise regiments for his ser- 
 vice. But no sooner had the standard been dis- 
 played at Nottingham, on August 25, 1(342, than 
 " His Majesty received intelligence that Ports- 
 mouth was so streightly besieged Ijy sea and 
 land that it would be reduced in very few days, 
 except it were relieved. For the truth is. Colonel 
 Goring, though he had sufficient warning, and 
 sufficient supplies of money to put that place 
 into a posture, had relied too much upon 
 probable and casual assistance, and neglected to 
 do that himself which a vigilant officer would 
 have done ; and albeit his chief dependence was 
 both for money and provisions from the Islf^ of 
 Wight, yet he was careless to secure those small 
 castles and blockhouses that guarded the passage; 
 which revolting to the Parliament as soon as he 
 declared for the King, cut off those dependences ; 
 so that he had neither men enough to do ordi- 
 nary duty nor provisions enough for those few 
 for any consideral>le time. And at the same 
 time with this news of Portsmouth, arrived 
 certain advertisements, that the ^Marquis of 
 Hertford and all his forces in the West, from 
 whom only the King hoped that Portsmouth 
 should be relieved, was driven out of Somerset- 
 shire, where his power and interest was believed 
 unquestionable, into Dorsetshire ; and there 
 besieged in Sherborne Castle." 
 
 Siege of Poutsmoltii in the Yeau lG-42. 
 
 I have been favoured with the following ex- 
 tract from an exceedingly rare work, entitled 
 " Jehoveh-Jireh, God in the Mount ; or Eng- 
 land's Parliamentarie Chronicle," in the pos- 
 session of Mr. C. E. Smithcrs, of Queen-street, 
 Portsca : — 
 
 " And much about this time came certain in- 
 telligence to the Parliament of the present 
 estate, then of Portsnumtli, how Colonell 
 Goreing, the then Governonr tliereof (and tliat 
 by the assent and good liking of tlie Parlia- 
 ment ; Yet), had now deserted them ; and de- 
 clared himselfc solely for the King against tlio 
 Parliament, and that ho liad strongly fortified 
 himselfe both within and without against any 
 
 forces that should come to oppose or supplant 
 him ; And that tlie Countrey much fearing he 
 would now be but a bad neighbour, or unruly 
 inmate to them, had already laid a strong siege 
 about the Towne, but immediately desired the 
 Parliament's assistance therein, which was ac- 
 cordingly performed, and the Parliament's forces 
 built a strong Fort on the Bridge-foot before 
 Portsmouth, and planted ordnance thereon, and 
 forthwith the Parliament sent to desire the Earl 
 of Warwick to place a Guard of Ships by sea, 
 to prevent all passages and supplies to Ports- 
 mouth that way, wliich accordingly the s;xid most 
 Noble Earle faithfully performed, whereby the 
 CoUonell was now so hem'd in on all sides that 
 it was not likely he could long keep house there 
 in the Castle, the Townesmen also much dis- 
 rellishing his doings therein. But because this 
 was a piece of much concernment for the good 
 of the whole kingdom, I shall here now take 
 occasionfor the Reader's more delight and fuller 
 satisfaction, to give a particular narration of 
 the siege and taking of this Town and Castle, 
 wherein will be divers delightfull pass;iges very 
 obvious to the Reader's observation. Colonell 
 Goreing, having about the beginning of August, 
 1G42, declared himselfe openly (as was fore- 
 mentioned) to be for the King alone, and not 
 for the King and Parliament, and having there- 
 fore resolved to keep it (as was pretended) for 
 His Majesties coming thither, used all the care 
 he could to fortifie himselfe therein, raised 
 therefore in the first place a Mount at Port- 
 bridge, three miles from the Town, and th'j 
 onley passage into the Island of Portsey, but 
 upon the first comming of the Parliaments 
 forces, which was about the tenth of August, 
 he took away the Ordnance which he had planted 
 in the said Mount, being foure pieces, and 
 brought them back again into the Town, and 
 kept the said Bridge onley with 10 or 12 Troopers 
 with PistoUs and Carbines. 
 
 Now the Parliaments forces first showed 
 themselves against Goreing about Pochdown in 
 London way, halfe a mile from the Bridge. 
 Hereupon the Colonells Troopes within tlio 
 Town issued out in tlie night, and lirought in 
 '< all tlie sheepe and eattell tliat were in Portsey 
 1 Island, ami spoiled and pillaged the Inhal)itans 
 tliereof, and of all their goods and substance, 
 and of all their victualLs leaving them not so 
 much bread as to live on for one day. 
 
 About the 12th of August our Parliament 
 Troopers came in the night and beat the Gove-
 
 18 
 
 StEOE OF f'ORTSMOCTH IN THE YeAE 1642. 
 
 nours Troopers from tlio Bridge and tlic whole 
 Island, tooko a Trooper prisoner, and anotlicr 
 horse, the Rider hardly escaping, having kapt 
 from his horse, and ran away over hedge and 
 ditch. August the I'Mh, the iiord Wentwoith, 
 with ahout 00 Troopers, all they could make, 
 issued out of the Towne half a mile into Poit- 
 sey Island, to fetch in a piece of Onlnance, 
 left behind them at tirst, and without ixsistanee 
 recovered it into the Towne." 
 
 Lord "Wentworth was the ^Iajor-(iciKral of 
 Goring's forces. The Cavalry under his charge 
 received a severe check at Ashburton.in Devon- 
 shire, and on January lijth, 1(34(), he received 
 the command of all the horse in the remnant of 
 the King's Army in the "West. He was con- 
 stantly associated with Colonel Goring. 
 
 '• But shortly after, our Troopers approached 
 neere to a mill, fast by the Town Mount, 
 whereon t'.icir Ordnance was planted, intending 
 to fire the mill, to hinderthcir grinding of corne. 
 which attempt on the mill, together with the 
 Colonells Troopers endeavours to bring in the 
 CattcU thereabout, caused many a hot skirmish, 
 well performed on both sides, but little hurt 
 done. Another time the Colonells Troopers s il- 
 lied out of the Towne. and were chased by the 
 Parliaments Troopers, and forced to retreat as 
 fast as their horses could carry them, and at this 
 there was a Scottishman. a brave soldier. ft)l- 
 lowed the chase to the very Towne. within the 
 gate, and being within the Gate, six of the ene- 
 mies set on him altogether, and he most valiantly 
 defending himselfe and fought most bravely, 
 at last they gave him three gashes in his head, 
 yet for all this he was retreating and had escap't 
 them all. had not one vei-y suddenly shut the 
 gate upon liim, and so he was taken prisoner, 
 but they seeing him such a brave soldier, tooke 
 care of him, and procured tlie best Chyrurgions 
 they could to cure him, and suffered him to want 
 nothing convenient for him, and for his valour 
 the Colonell gave him three pieces at his depar- 
 ture, he ])eing immediately exchanged for 
 another prisoner which they tooke of the 
 Colonells, at the Bridge as aforesaid. 
 
 Another time the Colonell himselfe and the 
 Lord Wontworth Mith him sallyed out in the 
 night, with alltlieir Troopers in two Companies. 
 to the Parliaments Workes. by the conduction of 
 one Winter, one of the Aldermen of the Towne, 
 ■who undertooke to guide them, and so brought 
 them to the very Court of Guard, thinking 
 thereby to doe them much mischiefe, but there 
 
 they found opposition enough, and upon cora- 
 I)ating came olT with the Iohh of three men, 
 whereof one named Glover, tne Colonells 
 own man, was slain, and the aforesaid 
 Winter, their Guide, was taken prisoner, one of 
 the ',\ was one Mr. Weston his man, broth' r to 
 t :e Earl of Portland ; they also lost a ho:sj of 
 the Lord Wentworth's. which Winter rout- on, 
 worth i)0/. The Colonell also tooke si.x 
 prisoners of our men, wereof five were mus- 
 (jueteers, such as had been Scntinells. the other 
 was a Trooper, a stout fellow, who was al.so 
 hurt by a thrust in tiie arme ; the five musque- 
 teers the Colonell gained to be labourers to 
 carry baskets of earth at his workes. but the 
 other stood it out stoutly and scorned to comply. 
 AVinter was kept prisoner in the Court of 
 Guard, and his own son. a lad. was pennitted to 
 come out of the Towne. and to passe to and 
 fro to bring his father cleane linen, and other 
 necessaries ; who once brought word from his 
 father to the Governour. that the King was very 
 neere the Towne. comming to their aid, which 
 indeed was blazed abroad to be so in the Towne. 
 of purpose to perswade the Garison souldiers 
 that the King would now certainly and suddenly 
 be with them, and liberally reward all their 
 paines ami good .service. And t'was but need 
 thus to take paines to perswade them, for the 
 greatest part of the Garison-Souldiers Mere gone 
 away from the Towne by night, sometimes four, 
 sometimes six at a time : sometimes more and 
 sometimes less, for a gre^it many nights together, 
 and the most of his best Gunners were gone 
 from him to the Parliament side, and such as 
 were left of the (rarison. were even heartless 
 and did but little, and that on compulsion : the 
 expectation of the Kings comming h id so 
 trycd and duldthem, that they were even hope- 
 lesse thereof. 
 
 Xow about August the 18th. the Governour 
 plainely discerned from Gosport (a little 
 Village, halfe a mile over the water from the 
 Towne) tliat the Parliament Fortes were fram- 
 ing some workes to make a Ft^-t. whjreit the 
 Governour was much troubled, and presently 
 shot at them from all his workes, that lay 
 that way-ward, letting fiy that night at 
 least GO bullets, but hurt but one man there- 
 with and that by his owne folly, for he stood 
 on his workes with a candle and lanthorn in 
 his hand, whereby they had a right aime and 
 so shot him ; but for all this ours desisted not. 
 but went on day and night till they h=id
 
 SrEOE or P0RT8MOUTH IN THK Ykar lfii2. 
 
 19 
 
 perfected two plat farmes, the one behind a 
 Barne for ten pieces of Ordnance, the otlier be- 
 hind a pile of Faggots for two pieces. thonL,di 
 the Governor shot incessantly 14 dayes and 14 
 nights to have beaten them off, but could not. 
 Shortly after this a parley was sounded but with- 
 out any good successe. .so then they fell to it 
 ag.ain, the Governour letting fiie his Ordnance 
 apace, day and night, but not with any lossc to 
 us (blessed be the Lord for it), no not of a man 
 or horse. All tliis time there being but two 
 pieces of Ordnance planted on the small woiko 
 of Gosport. behind the Faggots, which played 
 not at all on the Towno, though they could have 
 done it, but some short time after, they sliot 
 thence and killed one of the Garison-Souldiers on 
 their Mount, and cut off a Frencli man's leg,near 
 unto him above the knee, to the endangering of 
 his life. The Governour liimselfe, and the Lord 
 Wentworth in their own ))eisons (and all could 
 be spared from other duties) wrought all one 
 night to make a Trench on the top of the ]\Ionnt 
 that at the sight of the firing of our Ordnance, 
 they might 1 ap down into it and save themselves 
 from the like shot from Gosport. 
 
 On the Saturday f ollowing,ours played soundly 
 from Gosport with our Ordnance and shot 
 through the Tower of the Church and brake one 
 of the Bells, and shot again against the same 
 Tower, and that rebounded and fell into the 
 Church, and .shot down another top of a liouse 
 that was near the Clmrch, and tlie same Satur- 
 day morning tlicy shot at the "Water-mill, the 
 Miller whereof commended it (by experience) 
 for a good thing to ri.se early in the morning, 
 for (as he said) if he had not risen caily that 
 morning, he had been kill'd in his bed, for a 
 Ijullet tooke away a sheete and part of his bed. 
 The reason why they sliot so much at llie Churcli- 
 tower, was, for that at the top tliercof was their 
 Watch-tower, whereby they esjiied all approaches 
 by sea and by land, and the tolling of a 
 bell gave notice both what ships came by .sea, and 
 wliat number of horse came by land. That 
 Saturday niglit ours sliot but five liullots from 
 Gosport, but every one of thcni did execution. It 
 was well ol)servod, that in a small time, as ours 
 shot from (rosport; l)eginning at four of the 
 clock on Friday afternt)on, and ending at ioui 
 on the Sabbath day in tlie morning, we did 
 more execution with our two pieces of Ordnance 
 than the GoveriU)Ur liad witli the Towne 
 Ordnance in 14, or IG daies, and so many nights, 
 in which they shot, at least, 300 bullets, and 
 
 kill'd lint one man in all that lime's, a nmst re- 
 markalde providence of the Lord, wo having but 
 two pieces of Ordnance at Gosport, whereas the 
 Ordnance planted against Gosport, from their 
 foure workes, could not bo less than thirty pieces 
 of Ordnance ; on Saturday, September the third, 
 in the night, the Parliament forces took Sou.soy 
 Castle, winch lies a mile from the Towne upon 
 the sea, and the way thither is on tlie sea-sands. 
 The Captain of the Castle his name was 
 Challmer, who on Saturday had been at Poi-ts- 
 mouth. and in the evening went home to the 
 (.'astle. and his Souldiers took horse-loads of 
 Provision, Bisket, !Meal, and other neces.saries 
 with them. Tliey re])orted that he had more 
 drinke in his head than was befitting such u 
 time and service, and tlie Town.^-men gave out 
 tliat he liad been luiljed with money to yield up 
 tlie Castle, but 'twas false, though the first may 
 be true, yet was not that neither any further- 
 ance to the taking of it, for. thus it was : there 
 were about 80 musqueteeis and others that came 
 that night to the "Walls of the Castle, and under 
 tlieir Ordnance, and had Ijeen with tliem a very 
 good Engineer, and 3;') scaling ladders, and the 
 whole company in the Castle were but 12, 
 Officers or Commanders, who all were not able 
 to deal with ours in such a disadvantage. 
 AVherefore ours having suddenly and silently 
 scaled the Walls, called unto them, advised 
 them Avliat to doe, shewing the advan- 
 tage we had over them, and therefore their 
 danger if they resisted, who seeing the same 
 immediately yielded the Castle to us ! wlieie- 
 ui)0!i the triumph at our taking it was plainly 
 heard, about two of the clock in the morning, 
 into tlie Towne, and so soon as they weie 
 masters of the Castle, they discharged two 
 pieces of the Castle Ordnance against tlie Towne. 
 Now heren]ion the (Jovernour perceiving that the 
 Castle (which was the defence of the Towne 
 both by sea and land) was lost and gone, and 
 pelting already of the TowU'' with tlie Oidnauco 
 thereof, and liaving seen through a prospective 
 glasse, so good and faire a Plat-forme for ten 
 jiieces of Ordnance at Gosport, in th t very 
 morning, before break of d.ay, he called a 
 Cf)uncell of Wane to consult about tlieir 
 l)ie.S(iit condition, who soon agreed upon the 
 sending out of a Drum to sound a Parley, which 
 was done l)etinies. in .so much that the Parley 
 was l.)egun aljout ten of the clock the same d.ay, 
 their hostages on each side being appointed. 
 Out of the Towne, the Lord Wentworth, Mr.
 
 Siege of Portsmouth in the Year 1042. 
 
 Lowkncr, and Mr. Wofiton, the Eail of Port- 
 land's l)rotlior. From tlio Parliament side, Sir 
 William Waller, Sir AVilliam Lewis, and Sir 
 Thomas Larvacc." Of Sir William Waller wo 
 shall hear more. He and Sir William Lewis 
 arc thus described by Clarendon: — " Sir William 
 Waller, Lewis, and other eminent persons, who 
 had a trust and confidence in each other, and who 
 were looked upon as the Heads and Governours 
 of the moderate Presbyterian party, who most 
 of them would have been contented, their own 
 security being provided for. that the King should 
 be restored to his full rights, and the Church to 
 its possessions." "Lewis had been very 
 popular and notorious from the beginning." 
 
 "The Parley w.is ended about five of the 
 clock in the afternoon, but Articles of agree- 
 ment not confirmed till seven, that a trumpet 
 came, then, into the Towne from the Com- 
 mittee of the Parliament, and then the conclu- 
 sion was fully made known, and Articles 
 thoroughly agreed on, on both sides ; namely, 
 in brief, that the Towne and Castle was first to 
 be delivered up to the Parliament, and the 
 Colonell after some few daies, liberty to dis- 
 pose of his estate there, to depart the Towne ; 
 which both he, the Lord Wentworth, Mr. 
 Lewkner, and Mr. Weston, and all the Cavaliers 
 with them, their servants, and adherents did 
 accordingly ; and Sir William Waller, and Sir 
 Thomas Larvace, accompanied with Sir John 
 Meldrum and Colonell Hurrey, together with a 
 troop of Horse, and two companies of Foot took 
 possession of the Towne." Is Sir Thomas 
 Larvace a misprint for Sir Thomas Jervoise, 
 one of the members for Whitchurch, and an 
 active adherent of the Parliament ? Sir John 
 Meldrum belonged to a Scotch family. He was 
 in command of the besiegers at the siege of 
 Newark, and was signally defeated by Prince 
 Rupert on March 22nd, 1643. Colonel Hurrey, 
 or IJrrey, deserted to the King in the following 
 June, acted as guide to Prince Rupert at Chal- 
 grove Field, again went over to the Parlia- 
 ment, revealing all that he knew of the King's 
 affairs. He afterwards joined Montrose, was 
 wounded and taken prisoner at Preston, and 
 hanged straightway. " In the evening, at about 
 nine of the clock, Colonell Goring took boat 
 and rowed to a ship for Holland," leaving his 
 garrison to effect a difficult and hazardous march 
 to the King's quarters in the West." " This 
 Colonell when he was first made Governour of 
 this strong Towne of Portsmouth, expelled (as i 
 one of his first works of piety in this defection 
 
 from the state) a good Minister out of the 
 Towne, by name Mr. Tach, at the time of his 
 first declaring himself, as aforesaid, which siiid 
 godly Minister was brought in again by Sir 
 William Waller, and Sir Thomas Lars-ace, and 
 confirmed to be preacher to the Garrison. The 
 greatest cau.se (as was conceived) that induced 
 the Parliament side to agree to any Articles, 
 was because the Colonell had vowed and 
 threatened that if the Towne were taken by 
 forceible assault, he would blow up the Maga- 
 zine of the Towne, which lay in it, in two 
 severall places ; namely, in the squarc-Towre on 
 the sea-side, where were, at least. 1200 barrels of 
 Gunpowder, and very much Ammunition ; and 
 at the other end of the Towne. near the Gate, 
 about 200 barrels more of Gunpowder and some 
 Ammunition, and they having power over the 
 Magazines, if they had fired them the whole 
 Towne had been utterly spoiled, and not one 
 person in the Towne could have Ijeen secured 
 from destruction thereby. But they wisely con- 
 sidered that old militarie axiome. If thine 
 enemie will flie, make him a golden bridge, 
 better be merciful to a few, though offenders, 
 than to ruinate all, both nocents and innocents, 
 Avhich indeed was the divellish doctrine and 
 hellish counscll in the Popish powder-plot, by 
 that most wicked Jesuite Garnet, that Arch- 
 Traitor. 
 
 Thus it pleased the Lord most graciously to 
 finish the great worke of so high concernment 
 to the Kingdome, as things now stand, and to 
 doe it in a more than ordinarie way of mercie 
 and goodnesse, both in respect of the speedie 
 and also unbloodie effecting of it. so little hurt 
 being done on both sides, especially ours, con- 
 sidering how desperately and diligently the 
 Colonell dischai'ged his Ordnance at our men in 
 the siege, as you have heard, with so little suc- 
 cesse. And who now can be so dull hearted, 
 and so blind sighted, as not to conceive and see 
 plainly from all those last forementioned pre- 
 mises, especially these of this Towne of Ports- 
 mouth, and therewith all ingeniously confesse 
 and acknowledge. The Lord Jehovah to be on 
 the mount of mercies to us, and for his believ- 
 ing peoples prosperity and welfare." 
 
 The surrender of Portsmouth produced a deep 
 sensation in the Cavalier Court at Oxford. 
 
 Says Clarendon : *■ The King's enemies were, 
 in a manner, possessed of the whole kingdom. 
 Portsmouth, the strongest and best fortified 
 town then in the kingdom, was surrendered to 
 them. Colonel Goring, about the beginning of
 
 SfEGE OF Portsmouth in the Year 1642. 
 
 September, though ho had, seemed to be so 
 long resolved and prepared to expect a siege, 
 and had been supplied with moneys according 
 to his own proposal, was brought so low that he 
 gave it up. only for liberty to transport himself 
 beyond seas, and for his officers to i-epair to the 
 King. And it were to be wished that there 
 might be no more occasion to mention him 
 hereafter, after this repeated treachery ; and 
 that his incomparable dexterity and .sagacity had 
 not so far prevailed over tho.se wlio had been so 
 often deceived by him, as to make it absolutely 
 necessary to speak at large of liim before this 
 discourse comes to an end." 
 
 Another account says : '• The King's most 
 able General, Colonel Goring, was an airy bac- 
 chanalian, wlio, in the most critical emergency. 
 could not be enticed from the jollities of the 
 table, slighting every alarmist till the carouse 
 was concluded." 
 
 The Mirquis of Hartford, with Lord Sey- 
 mour, Sir Ralph Hopton, Lord Pawlet. rnd 
 others, were at Sherborne, hoping to be able to 
 relieve Portsmouth, but as soon as he heax'd of 
 its surrender he withdrew into Glamorganshire 
 with tlie Lords Seymour and Pawlet, leaving 
 Sir Ralph Hopton to march into Cornwall with 
 the cavalry under his command. Sir AVilliam 
 Waller, with his forces, marched to join the 
 Earl of Essex, after making himself master of 
 Portsmouth. 
 
 Clarendon says of the surrender of Ports- 
 mouth : " This blow struck the King to the 
 very heart." Ever since tlie days of the Eighth 
 Harry the dwellers in the Isle of "Wight had 
 "furnished themselves with a parochial artillery; 
 each parish provided one piece of light brass 
 ordnance, which was commonly kept either in 
 the clmrch, or in a small hou.se built for the 
 purpose, close by the church. Towards tlie end 
 of the last century somo sixteen or eighteen of 
 these guns were still preserved in the island ; 
 they were of low calibre, some being six- 
 pounders, and all the rest one-pounders. The 
 islanders, by frequent practice, are said to have 
 made themselves excellent artillerymen. The 
 gun carriages and ammunition were provided by 
 the parishes, and particular farms were charged 
 with the duty of finding horses to draw them." 
 Of the Earl of Portland, who was the Governor 
 of the Island at the outbreak of tlie war. 
 Clarendon says that tiie Parliament " threatened 
 the Earl of Portland, who, with extraordinary 
 vivacity, crossed their consultations, that they 
 
 would remove him from his f-harge and govern 
 ment of the Isle of Wight (which at last they did 
 deforfo. by committing him to pri.son, without 
 so much as assigning a cause), and to that pur- 
 pose objected all the acts of goodfellowsliip, ail 
 the wast of powder, and all the wast of wine, 
 in the drinking of healths, and other acts of 
 jollity, wlienever ho had lieen at his Govern- 
 ment, from the first hour of his entering upon 
 it." ■■ And when they were resolved no longer 
 to trust the Isle of Wight in the hands of the 
 Earl of Portland, who had long been tlie King's 
 Governour there, and had an absolute power 
 over the affections of that people, they pre- 
 ferred the poor Earl of Penii)ro k to it. by an 
 Ordnance of Parliament ; who kindly accepted 
 it. as a testimony of tlieir favour, and .so got 
 into actual rebellion, which he never intended 
 to do. It is a pity to say more of him. and lesfl 
 could not l)e said to make him known." Colonel 
 Brett tliem assumed command at Carisbrookc 
 Castle. 
 
 A previously quoted writer, in the •• P. nnv 
 Magazine" for 183(), say.s. "Cari^brook Castle was 
 in one instance made memorable by the heroism 
 of a female, whose adventur- s in some respects 
 resembled those of the celebrated Royali.st the 
 Countess of Derby, and Queen of the Isle of 
 Man. At an early stage of the Civil War. 
 Jerome, Earl of Portland, who had been Governor 
 for Cliarlcs 1. during many years, was removed 
 by Parliament as a Catholic, or as ou'^ who. at 
 least, was a favourer of Popery. Shortly after 
 ho was suddenlj- imprison<"d in London on thii' 
 ground, and further accused by the Commons of 
 a thoughtless and profligate expenditure of pub- 
 lic money in ammunition. entortiinment«, and 
 the drinking of loyal to.asts in Carisbrook. The 
 principal inhabitants o*" tlie island drew up a peti- 
 tion in favour of their ' noltlo and much hon- 
 oured and beloved Captain and Governor.' in 
 which, dropping all allusion to his wasting of the 
 ammunition, &c., they stu<k to thf^ ni'^ro im- 
 portant question of his religious faith, declaring 
 that not only was he a good Protestant, but that 
 there was not one pro''essed Papist or favourer 
 of Papacy in tlie whole Isle of Wig''t. This 
 petition licing disregarded by Parliament, they 
 drew up a spirited remonstrance, in which thoj' 
 spoke of defending themselves by arms, and 
 admitting no new governor that was not ap 
 pointed by the King. Twenty-four knights 
 and .squires signed this paper, but the peopl»< 
 were very differently inclined. They were led
 
 22 
 
 SiKOE OF rOETBMOUTH IN THK YUAE 1642. 
 
 by Moses Head, the Mayor of Newport, who 
 declared in favour of Parliament, and trans- 
 mitted a representation on the great danger accru- 
 ing to the State from tlie Countess of Portland 
 being allowed to continue in the Castle, and to 
 retain Colonel Brett there as her warden. Read 
 Boon received order ' to adopt any measures he 
 miglit think necessary for the safety of the 
 ivsland,' to siege the fortress, and to secure 
 Colonel Brett, the Countess, her five children, 
 and other relatives who had taken shelter within 
 the walls. He marched upon Carisbrook with 
 the Militia of Newport, and 400 sailors drawn 
 from the vessels at anchor near the island. The 
 garrison of tlie old Castle did not exceed 20 men, 
 but the Countess resolved not to surrender 
 except on honourable conditions. At the 
 approach of the force from Newport she 
 advanced to the platform with a lighted match, 
 and declared she would herself fire the first 
 cannon against the assailants. Moses Read, who 
 had expected no resistance, soon came to terms 
 with the bold Countess, and the Castle was sur- 
 rendered on conditions. T he Countess was soon 
 afterwards removed from the island. No other 
 attempt was made at resistance, and though 
 somewhat agitated by Charles's residence in 
 Carisbi'ook a few years later, the "Wight re- 
 mained invariably tranquil during the whole of 
 the Civil "War. This fortunate circumstance 
 invited many families from the neighbouring 
 counties, which were exposed to the horrors of 
 warfare, to go and settle there ; in consequence 
 of which the rents of farms rose in proportion 
 of from 20/. to 100/., and did not find their 
 ordinary level until the Restoration." 
 
 " Carisbrook Castle was used as a State prison 
 both by Cromwell and by Charles II. Towards 
 the end of the Commonwealth period Sir 
 "^^illiam Davenaut was confined here, and here 
 completed his ' Gondibert.' " 
 
 The following account by Mr. Moody gives 
 certain additional details : — '' The Parliament 
 obtained possession of the Isle of "Wight at 
 the beginning of these intestine wars by the 
 removal and imprisonment of its Governor, the 
 Earl of Portland, who was attached to the cause 
 of the ill-fated and ill-advised King. The 
 principal inhabitants of the Island petitioned 
 in the Earl's favour, and afterwards signed a 
 
 declaration to support the Royal cause ; but the 
 popular voice sided with Parliament, to whom 
 Moses Read, Mayor of Newport, stated that 
 the safety of the Island was endangered 
 while the Countess of Portland and 
 Colonel Brett were suffered to retain po.^- 
 session of Carisbrook Castle. In consequence 
 of this representation, the P»rlijunent 
 ordered the captains of ships in the river to 
 assist Read in any measure he might think ne- 
 cessary for sccuiing the island. Read accord- 
 ingly marched the Newport Militia with 400 
 naval auxiliaries against the Castle, where 
 Brett had not above 20 men, many well wishers 
 to him being deterred from assisting them by 
 the menaces of the populace, who threw off all 
 respect for their superiors. Harvey, the Curate 
 of Newport, a man under peculiar obligations 
 to the Earl of Portland, distinguished him.self 
 by stirring up the feelings of the besiegers 
 against the Countess and her children, saying 
 that she was a Papist, and exhorting them in 
 the canting phraseology of the times to be valiant, 
 as they were about ' to fight the battle of the 
 Lord.' The Castle had not at that time three 
 days' provision for its small garrison, yet the 
 Countess, with the magnanimity of a 
 Roman matron, went to the platform 
 with a match in her hand, vowing she 
 would fire the fiist cannon herself, and defend 
 the Castle to the utmost extremity, unless 
 honourable terms were granted. After some 
 negotiations, articles of capitulation were agreed 
 on,and the Castle surrendered.' "The other forts 
 of the Isle of "Wight were seized about the 
 same time. This decisive step in favour of the 
 prevailing powers prevented the occurrence 
 here of those scenes of bloodshed which 
 speedily desolated many other parts of the 
 kingdom. Indeed, the security which was 
 here enjoyed induced many families to become 
 residents in the isle, and the rent of land in- 
 creased about 25 per cent, in consequence, but 
 fell again soon after the Restoration. After 
 the fall of Carisbrook Castle, the small garrison 
 at Portsmouth left the town, which was sub- 
 sequently held by Parliamentarians. TheRoyalists 
 made more determined efforts at Winchester, 
 Basing House, and in some other parts of Hamp- 
 shire."'
 
 Chapter IV.— Thk OArrrRE of Faknham t'Awn.t;. MAia.ii<.»uuC'-iii. a.m» w i.ncjiestei:. 
 
 The dwellers in and about Farnham Castle 
 were the next to suffer from the miseries of the 
 Civil War. Clarendon says: '• Farnham Ca.stle, 
 in Surrey, whither some gentlemen who were 
 willing to appear for the King had repaired, 
 and were taken with lcs3 resistance than was 
 fit, by Sir William Waller, some few days be- 
 fore (the capture of Marlborough, on Decem- 
 ber 3rd, 1642) deserved not the name of a gar- 
 rison." Says Warburton, " A few daj-s pre- 
 viously Farnham Castle was taken by Sir 
 William Waller, after an indifferent defence by 
 Sir John Denham, Colonel Fane, a son of the 
 Earl of Wcstmorelmd, who was shot through 
 the cheek, and died a few days after, being 
 almost the only person slain. Denham was a 
 poet and a wit, but to confess the truth, the 
 poets do not appear to advantage in this war, 
 even in a Tyrta;an point of view. Edmund 
 Waller proved both a trimmer and a coward; 
 Sir John Suckling, a poltroon ; Denh m, no 
 better ; William Davenant was dissolute and 
 negligent, and the great Milton condescended 
 to write the most rancorous and unwortliy 
 lampoons." To quote Lord Nugent, "Sir John 
 Denham was more eminent as poet, gamester, 
 and wit, than soldier. When George Wither 
 was shortly after this brought prisoner to 
 Oxford, and was in some jcopardj-, having been 
 taken in arms against the King, Sir Jolm 
 Denham begged the King not to hang liim, for 
 that ' while Wither lives, Denham will not bo 
 the worst poet in England.' " This good natured 
 epigram contributed to save Withcr's life, and 
 was also afterwards the means of restoring to 
 Denham some of his property in Surrey, which 
 had been confiscated by Parliament, and given 
 to Wither. But it would bo unfair to refer a 
 kind and gentle act to interested motives. 
 
 But it IS time to take Carlyle's ailvice, and 
 "Hear Vicar.s, a poor human .soul zealously 
 prophesying as if through the organs of aii 
 
 ass in a not mendacious, yet loud-spoken, 
 
 exaggerative, more or less assininc manner." In 
 
 his Parliamentary Chrouido (before referred 
 to) Vicars thus describes 
 
 THE taking UF farnham CA3TLL. 
 
 •' Much about which time (the beginning of 
 December, ltJ4"2), cortaino information camo to 
 London that that noble and renowned knight 
 and most expert and courageous commander Sir 
 William Waller (who had also a prime hand in 
 the recovery of Portsmouth from Colonell 
 Goring), together with Colonell Fane and some 
 other brave commanders, havin^j suddenly 
 assaulted Farnham-castle, within the space of 
 three houres forced their approach to so ncaro 
 the castle-gates that with a petard they blew 
 open one of them, and most resolutely made 
 forcible entrance thereinto ; whereupon tho 
 Cavaliers within threw their amies over tho 
 wall, fell down upon their knees, crying for 
 quarter (not so much as having once offered or 
 desired to treat of any honourable conditions to 
 depart like souldicrs, before the castle was 
 entered), which Sir William gave them. There 
 were taken in this castle one JLastor Denham, 
 the new High Sheriffe of Surrey, Captaine 
 Hudson, Captaine Brecknox, a brewer in South- 
 warke, a most desperate malignant against tlie 
 Parliament, and divers other pri.soners of quality, 
 with about an hundred vulgar persons, together 
 with all tlie amies and ammunition in tho 
 castle, and about 40,000/. in money and plate, as 
 was credibly informed, besides that the common 
 souldiers had good pillage for tlicmselves to a 
 good value. Tlie taking of this castle so terri 
 fied the Cavalecrs in Sussex that those of them 
 of the long robe (^Master Luckener, tho Corpo- 
 ration Proctour), Master Aderson, Master 
 Heath (.^^on to tliat dry and barren Heath tho 
 Judge, like fatlier, like son), and others of tho 
 s:ime stamp, began now to traverse tho com- 
 mands of their Cavalcers, and would then have 
 ghully joined issue with tho Parliament, on 
 casie tcrmcs." This success of Sir William
 
 'I'lir. (.'ai'ituk or Faunhvm Casii.r, Mauijioroi oh, anu Wincuibtkb. 
 
 Walkf hail ;i disustiuus iiifluoiiic iij)on the 
 fortunes of liasiiifj House, as tlie llouiulhcadH 
 thus so:'urotl a most advantageous base of 
 operations, of ^vhich tliey did not fail to make 
 
 • On November 21st, 1G42, Lord Grandison's 
 troopc of horse and Coloncll Greyc's dragoonera 
 rode into liasingstoke, and 'one Master Goater' 
 writes ' to a IMcrehant of good quality in 
 Lombard-street' that they lay there ' eleven 
 dayes ; wee had emploiment enough to dress the 
 meat and provide drinko for them. It hath 
 been a great charge to our Towne, they de- 
 manded two thousand yards of woollen cloth 
 and 5UU yards of linnen at fourteenc pence the 
 yard ; so the linnen Drapers brought theirs in, 
 but the clothiers and wollen Drapers made no 
 great haste, so they served themselves some at 
 one shop and some at another.' " Part of the 
 garrison of Basing House was added to Lord 
 Grandison's force, which called forth a letter of 
 remonstrance from the Marquis. All being 
 prepared, "last Friday they went away, and as 
 we heard, arc gone to Marlborough, and many 
 say they heard the guns goe off very fiercely." 
 The cannons' roar told of the capture of Marl- 
 borough by Lord Wilmot, Lieutenant-General 
 of Horse, on Saturday, December 3rd, 1G42, 
 after a sharp action. The town was given up 
 to pillage, and according to Vicars the Cavaliers 
 committed great excesses. Sir John Ramsay, 
 the Governor, was taken, '• and other officers, 
 who yielded upon quarter, above 1000 prisoners, 
 great stores of Armcs, four pieces of Cannon, 
 and a good quantity of Ammunition, with all 
 which the Lieut.-Gen. returned safe to Oxford." 
 The weakening of the garrison of Basing House 
 encouraged the friends of the Parliament to 
 attack it, and they accordingly seem to have 
 made one or both of those assaults which were 
 repulsed, as we have seen, by the Marquis and 
 "his Gentlemen armed with six musquets," 
 probably aided, as they were on another occa- 
 sion, by volleys of stones and tiles from the 
 roof of the house. The loss of Marlborough 
 was keenly felt by the Parliament, which had 
 intended to make it a rendezvous for all their 
 adherents in Wiltshire and the adjacent 
 counties. Sir William Waller, Colonel Brown 
 (of whom more anon), and others were sent to 
 attack the victorious Cavaliers. Failing to 
 meet with them at Marlborough, they pursued 
 them to Winchester, with what result we shall 
 presently see. " Mercurius Rusticus" thus de- 
 
 scribes the conduct of the Puritan force on th'- 
 marcli. They seem to have, at any rate, pos- 
 sessed the virtue of impartiality, ho far am 
 plunder was concerned : — 
 
 " About December, lG42,the Collonels Waller, 
 Brown, and others, marching from Ailcsbury to 
 Wind.sor, and thence by Newbury to Winchester, 
 their soldiers in the march plundered every 
 mini.ster within six miles of the road without 
 distinction, whether of their own party or of 
 the other, whether they subscribed for Episco- 
 pacy, Presbytery, or Independency, whether 
 they wore a surpless or refused it, only if they 
 did not they afforded them the less booty. 
 Those who were Confiders, whose Irregularity 
 and Nonconformity armed them with confi- 
 dence to appear, petitioned the House of Com- 
 mons for relief and satisfaction, it being taken 
 into consideration that this was not according t^) 
 their new phrase, 'to weaken the wicked,' but 
 the righteous and such as stood well affected to 
 the Parliament, hereupon slandering the Cava- 
 liers with the fact which their own soldiers had 
 done ; and to make the ' foolish citizens bleed 
 free' there was an order drawn up and pub- 
 lished, ' That in regard the petitioners were well 
 affected men and plundered by the Cavaliers, 
 there should be a general collection made for 
 them the next Fast-day, and that the preachers 
 should exhort the people and pray to God to 
 enlarge the people'shearts. bountifully to relievo 
 the petitioners.'" (Pp. 89-90). But mark the 
 end of all this. Lord Grandison was despatched 
 to the relief of the Marquis of Winchester. Let 
 Clarendon speak :-:" This success (the capture of 
 Marlborough) was a little shadowed by the un- 
 fortunate loss of a very good regiment of Horse, 
 within a few days after, for the Lord Grandison, 
 by the miscarriage of orders was exposed at to<> 
 great a distance from the Army, with his single 
 regiment, consisting of 300. and a regiment of 2(.X» 
 Dragoons, to the unequaKncounter of a party of 
 the enemy of 5000 Horso and Dragoons, and so 
 was himself, after a retreat made to Winchester, 
 there taken with all his party, which was the 
 first loss of the kind the King sustained ; but 
 without the least fault of the commander, and 
 the misfortune was much lessened by his 
 making an escape himself with two or three of 
 his principal officers, who were very welcome to 
 Oxford." John Yikars thus describes the 
 failure of this attempt to succour Basing, and 
 the subsequent occupation of Winchester, in 
 his Parliamentary Chronicle, published in
 
 The Captlr* of Fabnuam Castle, Maklbokough, and Wincuksteb. 
 
 1G44. (P. 227 c< seq.) '-And about December 
 the 7th, 1G42, came a poste to the Parliament 
 with letters from Winchester, setting forth a 
 very great and famous victorie obtained 
 by their forces against the Cavaliers 
 in Winchester, which was in this manner effected : 
 The Lord Digbie, Lord Grandison, Commissarie 
 Wilmot, and some others of their confederacie, 
 having possessed themselves of Marleborough, 
 and most basely and barbarously pillaged and 
 plundered the same, and like so many traitorous 
 and lustfuU bloodie thieves ravished and abused 
 the women and maids of the towne (brave 
 defenders of the Protestant religion, and show- 
 ing themselves indeed to be the true sworne 
 brethren of their bloody brothers in Ireland), 
 these, I say, hearing that Sn- William Waller, 
 Colonell Browne (whose very names were, and 
 that most justly, very dreadfull to them). 
 Colonel Hurrey (who played both parties false). 
 Colonel Middleton, and other forces of the 
 Parliament were coming against them they 
 thereupon thought it no boot to stay any longer 
 there, but having, as I say, most cruelly got 
 what they came for, viz., pillage and food, they 
 speedily left poore Marleborough in most 
 lamentable condition, and that audacious traitor 
 Lord Digbie, with a part of their forces and a 
 greatest part of their pillage, returned to 
 Oxford, leaving the Lord Grandison with those 
 other forces to see what further pillage he could 
 meet with in those parts, but fearing to be 
 caught napping by active Sir William Waller 
 and his forces, and the better to protect himself 
 and his Cavaliers from the pursuit of the 
 Parliament's forces, he retreated to Winchester, 
 a place more like to give him kind entertain- 
 ment, being full of Malignant spirits, who 
 indeed were not a little glad at his coming, 
 thinking themselves now secure from danger, 
 being under the wings of a bird of their own 
 feather. But the Parliament forces with those 
 commanders also comming to Marleborough and 
 missing tlio Cavaliers there, resolved to follow 
 in hot pursuit of them, and to revenge that 
 cruelty exercised on that miserable town. 
 Whereupon, after some coursing about the 
 country, having notice by their scouts of the 
 Lord Grandison's being now at Winchester they 
 bent their course with all speed thither, and by- 
 the-way, strangely (if not wilfully in some of 
 the conmaanders) failed of falling on the Lord 
 Digbie's forces in their passage, and so they 
 came before the citie of Winchester. Now the 
 
 Cavaliers, having notice thereof, were not a litlie 
 startled, and considenng it altogether unsafe u> 
 keep themselves within the towne, and so give 
 the Parliament's forces opportunity to besiege 
 them, because they could not be able to hold 
 out long for want of provisions fit for a 
 siege, they resolved, therefore, to march out and 
 to give them battcll abroad, and so accordingly 
 they issued out and prepared for a pitcht field; 
 which the Parliament forces perceiving drew up 
 all their forces also into a battalia, and came up 
 most bravely and resolutely to them, and mogt 
 stoutly gave them the first charge with their 
 horse, and so there began to be a very hot 
 skirmish between them for the time on both 
 sides. But truly the Parliament's Boldicm 
 followed their business so closely and 
 couragiously,and with such undaunted spirit , that 
 after about halfe an houre's fight they inforccd 
 the Cavaliers from their ground and drove them 
 violently into the towne againe, and, being 
 very eager of their prey, resolved not to 
 leave them, but most valiantly pursued 
 them up to the towne walles, where the 
 most part of their regiment fiercely as&iultcd 
 the citie at one side of it, and notwithstinding 
 the exceeding high and very steep passage up to 
 the walls, even so steep that they had no other 
 way to get up, but of necessity to creep up 
 upon their knees and hands from the bottom to 
 the top, which was as high as most houses, tho 
 enemie playing all tlic while on them with their 
 muskets, and yet slew but tlircc men in this 
 their getting up, so at last (though with much 
 danger and difficultie) our soldiers got up and 
 plyed their businesse so hotly and closely that 
 they had quickly made a great breach in tho wall. 
 And here Colonell Browne's Sergeant-Major 
 {i.e., Major) deserved much honour in this 
 service, he himself being one of the first that 
 forced upon the breach into the towne, though 
 the enemies bullets flew thick about them, upon 
 sight of whoso ever invincible valour all the 
 rest of his comrades followed close and drove 
 the Cavaliers before them into the midst of tho 
 towne ; who, having no placo else of shelter, 
 fled apace into the Castle, which yet was not ho 
 considerable a sanctuary or place of refugo t<> 
 defend them long, especially it being destitute 
 of ordnance, so our men beset the Castle round 
 with musqucteers and horse, and lay per-dues 
 nnder the wall, so that not a man of them could 
 stir. Then about 10 or 11 of the clocko at 
 night they sounded a parley, but our men
 
 S6 
 
 I'liE Cai-tvue 01 FAftMiAM Castle, MarldwIiOuoh, anl» Winouisteb 
 
 would not accept it, and against the next 
 morning wo had prepared a great quantity 
 of faggots and pitch t barrels to fire the Castlo- 
 gatc, in regard that we wanted ordnance and 
 potirds proper for such a worko. But as soon 
 as it began to bo light they, seeing no hope of 
 helpo. sounded another parley, wherein the 
 Lord Grandison himselfe, with five or six more, 
 desired to be, which at List was accepted, and 
 after some debate articles and conditions were 
 agreed upon, viz., that they should all yceld 
 themselves up prisoners to the Parliam'^nt, 
 presently resign the Castle into Sir William 
 Waller's custody and possession, their armes. 
 horses, money, and all to be seized on by the Par- 
 liiment's offi<^ers in armes. But many of the 
 townsmen, who had most of all infested our 
 men, and shot most desperately at them, were 
 now well repaid for that pains by our souldiors, 
 who most notably plundered and pillaged their 
 houses, taking whatsoever they liked best out of 
 them, and so the souldiers dealt with all their 
 common souldiers, or ordinary cavaleers, who 
 only had quarter granted them for their lives. 
 Here were taken prisoners the Lord Grandison 
 himselfe, and his lieutenant-colonell, and be- 
 tweene fourty and fifty other commanders of 
 good worth and quality of Hampshire, about fiOO 
 horse, 200 dragooners, and GOO armes, together 
 with great store of other pillage. In this fight 
 from first to last there were about 30 or 40 
 slaine on their side, and but three or four on 
 the Parliament's. Colonel Browne's regiment 
 had the honour to take the city, and to make 
 the first breach in the wall, and so to enter the 
 towne. They assessed the townesmen and in- 
 habitants for their base malignancy in so des- 
 peritely opposing them at 1000/., or else to 
 plunder the whole towne (which was hardly 
 restrained in the commoi souldiers, especially in 
 some houses), but chiefly somo Papists' houses 
 there, a ad the sweet Cithedralists, in whose 
 houses and studies they fouad greit store of 
 Popish books, pictures, anl crucifixes, which the 
 souldiers carried up and downe the streets and 
 market-place in triumph to make themselves 
 merry; yea, and they r'or certaino piped bo "^ore 
 them with the organpipes (the faire 0"ginsia 
 the minster being brokon downe by the 
 souldiors), and than a''terwu'd3 cast them all 
 into the fire and burnt them, ani what (thinke 
 you) was the case of thosa Romish Micki's, 
 when their pretty petty Popish and apish-gods 
 were thus taken from them, and burnt in the 
 
 fire before them? And thus the Lord moat 
 graciously began in some measure to revenge 
 the wrongs of his poore people of Marloborough, 
 makeing these their enemies corao short of long 
 possessing their prey there gott«!n, which was 
 thus l)y these most valiant Parliamentarians 
 valiantly and violently regained out of their de- 
 vouring teeth. And now to goe on" (p. 231). 
 Truly "the good old times" must now and again 
 have been somewhat unpl-^asant to live in I 
 But let us hear the Roj-alist account of this 
 matter. This we find in '' Mercurius Basticus, 
 or the Countries' complaint of the barbarous out- 
 rages committed by the Sectaries of this late 
 flourishing Kingdom." : — 
 
 '• Thy substance ani thy treasure will I ?ive to the 
 spoil without price, an 1 that for all thy sins, even in 
 all thy borders." — Jer. xv., 13. 
 
 P. 144. •' The rebels defying God in his 
 own house ; their sacrilege, in stealing Church 
 plate and goods, their irreverence towards the 
 King by abusing his statue, their heathenish 
 barbarity in violating the bones and ashes of 
 dead Monarchs, Bishops, Saints, and Confessors 
 in the Cathedral Church of Winchester, &c. 
 The next instance which I shall give of the 
 rebels' sacrilege and profaneness is in the 
 Cathedral Church of Winchester, which city, as 
 it was the Royal seat of the King of the West 
 Saxons in the time of the Heptarchy, so was it 
 the seat of the Bishops of that people, after 
 Kenwalchus, King of the West Saxons (not 
 brooking the barbarous broken expressions of 
 Agilbertus, his Bishop) divided this large 
 diocese between Agilbertus and Wina, and 
 leaving Agilbertus to reside at Dorchester, 
 caused Wina to be consecrated Bishop of 
 Winchester. Before we tell you by whom and 
 in w'lat manner this Church was robbed and 
 spoyled of its ornaments and beauty, it will 
 not be impertinent (while it may s^rve as an 
 aggravation o? their impiety) briefly to set 
 down by whom this Church was built and so 
 richly adorned, as lately we saw it. This 
 magnificent structure, which now stands, was 
 begun by Walkelinns. the 3.')th Bishop of that 
 See, which work left imner^ect. and but begun 
 bv him, was but colilv prosecuted by the 
 suecee lin<T Bishops until William of Wickham 
 (the magnificent sole founder oP two St. Mary 
 Colled ^es. the one in Oxford commonly called 
 New CoUeige, the other a nurcery to this, near 
 Winchester) came to possess this See. He, 
 amongst many other works of Piety, built the
 
 Tub Cai-tuee of Fabnham Cabtie, MiBLEonofoH, and Wikchestkb. 
 
 27 
 
 whole nare or body of this Church from the 1 
 quire to the west end, the Chappcis on the 
 east end, beyond the quire, had their several 
 founders. The hallowed ornaments and utensils 
 of this Church being many, rich, and costly, 
 were the gifts of several benefactors, who, tho' 
 their names are not recorded on earth, have 
 found their reward in heaven. This Church was 
 first differenced by the name of St. Amphibalus, 
 who received a Crown of Martyrdom under the 
 Persecution of Dioclesian. Next it exchanged 
 this name for that of St. Peter, and again, this 
 for that of St. Swithin, the 18th Bishop of this 
 See. Last of all, it was dedicated to the Holy 
 Trinity, whose blessed name is now called upon 
 it ; which holy name, though it could not but 
 put the rebells in mind whose possession and 
 house it was, did not at all afford it pationage 
 and protection from their accursed rage and 
 madness. 
 
 " The rebels, under the conduct of SirWilliam 
 Waller, sate down before the City of Win- 
 chester on Tuesday, the I'ith of December, 
 164:2, about 12 of the clock, and entered the 
 city that aftei-noon between two and three. 
 Being masters of the city, they instantly fall 
 upon the Close under a pretence to search for 
 Cavaliers. They seize upon the Prebend's 
 hor.ses, and demand their persons with many 
 threatning words. That night they break into 
 some of the Prebend's houses, and such houses 
 as they were directed into by their brethren, the 
 seditious schistnaticks of the city, and plundered 
 their goods. But tho castle,not yet surrendered 
 into the rebels hands, .something awed their 
 insolcncy, which, being the next day delivered 
 up to their power, did not only take away the 
 restraint which was upon them, but incouraged 
 them without check or control to lob and defie, 
 both God and all good men, "Wednesday, there- 
 fore, and Wednesday night being spent in 
 plundering the city and Close. On Thursday 
 morning, between nine and ten of the i lock 
 (hours set apart for better imploymcnts, and 
 t ereforo purposely in probability clo.sen by 
 them, being resolved to profane all that was 
 canonical) they violently break open tho 
 Cathedral Church, and being entrcd to let in 
 the tyde, they presently open the great west 
 door, where the barbarous soldiers stood ready, 
 nay, greedy, to rob God and to pollute 11 is 
 temple. The doors being open as if thoy 
 meant to invade God Himself, as well as Hia 
 profession, they enter the church with colours 
 
 flying, their drums beating, their matches fired, 
 ar.d ihat all might have their part in so horrid 
 an attempt, some of their troops of horse also 
 accompanied them in their march, and rode 
 up through the body of the thuich and 
 quire, until they came to the altar ; there 
 they begin their work, they rudely pluck down 
 the table, and break the rail, and afterwards 
 carrying it to an ale-house, they set it on fire, 
 and in that fire burnt the books of Common 
 Prayer, and all the singing books belonging to 
 the quire ; they throw down the organ, and break 
 the stones of the Old and New Testament, 
 curiously eut out in carved work, beautified witli 
 colours, and set round about the top of the stalls 
 of the quire ; from hence they turn to the monu- 
 ments of the dead, some they utterly demolish, 
 others they deface. They begin with Bishop 
 Fox, his chappel which they utterly deface, they 
 break all the glass windows of this chappel, not 
 because they hael any pictures in them, either of 
 Patriarch, Prophet, Apostle, or Saint, but because 
 they were of painted coloured glass ; they de- 
 molish and overturn the monuments of Cardinal 
 Beaufort, son to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lan- 
 caster, by Katharine Swinfort, founder of t e 
 hospital of S. Cross, near Winchester, who sate 
 Bishop of this See 43 years. They deface the 
 monument of William of Wainflet, Bishop like- 
 wise of Winchester, Lord Chancellor of England, 
 and the magnificent founder of Magdalen Col- 
 ledge in Oxlord, wliich monument in a grateful 
 piety, being lately beautified by some tliat have 
 or lately have had, relation to that foundation, 
 made these rebels more eager upon it, to deface 
 it, but while tliat colledge, the unparalleled 
 example of his bounty, stands in despight of the 
 malice of these inhuman rebels, William of Wain- 
 flet cannot want a more lasting monununt to 
 transmit his meinory to posterity. From hence 
 they go into Queen ]\I:irie's ehappcl, so called 
 because in it she was married to King Philip of 
 Spain ; here thej- brake the (Communion table in 
 pieces, and the velvet chair whereon she s;it when 
 she was married. They attempted toekface tho 
 monument of the 1 itc Lord Treasurer, the Earl of 
 Poitland, hut being in bra.'^s, their violence made 
 small impression on it, thereforo the>y leave that, 
 and turn to his father's monument, wliich, being 
 of stone, was moio obnoxious to their fury; 
 here, mistaking a Judge for a Bi.shop, led into 
 the error by the resemblance or counterf<.it of a 
 Bquaro cap on the head of tho statue, they 
 strike off not only the cap, but also the head too
 
 28 
 
 TiiK Cavtukk of Farnham Castle, Marlborouoh, and Winciiesteb. 
 
 of tho sLului', ;iinl so Icnvo it. Amon<^st other 
 acts of pi'-'ty ami l)()uiity done l»y Riehanl I''ox, 
 tho r<7th Jiisliop of til is See. lie covered tho 
 quire, the presbytery, and the iics adjoining 
 with a goodly vault, and new glassed all the 
 wiridowH in that part of t le church, and caused 
 tho bones of such kings, princes, and prelates 
 as had been buried in this church and lay dis- 
 persed and scattered in several parts of tho 
 cathedral to be collected and put into several 
 chests of load, with inscriptions on each chest 
 whoso bones lodged in them. These chests, to 
 Kwc thcni from lude and prophano hands, ho 
 caused to be placed on tho top of a wall of 
 exquisite workmanship, built by him to inclose 
 the presbytery. There never to bo removed (as a 
 mm might think) but by the last trump, did 
 rest the bones of many kings and queens, as of 
 Alfredus, r]dwardus .senior, Cadredus, the 
 brother of Athelstanc. Edwinus Canutus, Har- 
 ilecanutus, Emma, the mother, and Edward the 
 Confessor, her son. Kiniglissus, the first founder 
 of the Cathedral of AVinchester, Egbert, who, 
 abolishing the Heptarchy of tho Saxons, was 
 the first English monarch, AVilliam Rufus, and 
 divers others. With these in tho cliests wore 
 deposited the bones of many Godly bishops and 
 confessors, as of Birinus. Hedda, SAvithinus, 
 Frithestanus, S. Elplicgusthe Confessor, Stigan- 
 dus, Wina. and others. Had not tho bar- 
 barous inhuman impiety of these schism aticks 
 and rebels showed the contrary, wo could not 
 have imagined that anything but tho like piety 
 •which here iushrined them or a Resurrection 
 should ever have disturbed tho repose of those 
 venerable, but not Popish roliquos. But those 
 monsters of men, to whom nothing is 
 holy, nothing is sacred, did not stick 
 to prophano and violate these cabinets 
 of the dead, and to scatter their bones 
 all over the pavement of tho church: for on the 
 north side of the quire thoy threw down the 
 chests wherein were deposited the bones of the 
 Bishops ; the like they did to the bones of 
 William Rufus. of Queen Emma, of Harde- 
 canutus, and of Edward the Confessor, and were 
 going on to practise tho like impiety on the 
 bones of all the rest of the West Saxon Kings. 
 But the outcry of the people, detesting so great 
 inhumanity, caused some of their commanders 
 (more compassionate to these ancient monu- 
 ments of the dead than tho rest) to come in 
 amongst them and to restrain their madness. 
 But that devilish malice which was not per- 
 
 mitted to rage and overflow to the .spurning :in<i 
 trampling on the l)onos of all, did satiate itself, 
 even to a j)rodigif)iis kind of wantonncs.'', on 
 those which were already in their power. And, 
 therefore, as if they meant (if it had been pos- 
 .sible) to make the.se bones contract a postdumc 
 guilt by being now made passive instruments of 
 more than heatheni.sh sacrilege and prophanc- 
 ness, those windows which the}- could not roach 
 with their swords, musquets. or rests, they brake 
 to pieces by throwing at them the bones of 
 King.s. Queens. Bi.shops, Confessors, or Saints, 
 so that the spoil done on the windows will not 
 bo repaired for lOUU/. ; nor did the living find 
 better measure from them than tho dead, for 
 whereas our Dread Sovereign that now is (the 
 best of Kings) was gratiously pleased, as a 
 pledge of his princely favour to the Church to 
 honour it with the gift of his own statue, to- 
 gether with the statue of his door father, King 
 James of ever l)lessed memoiy, both of mas.sy 
 brass, both whicli statues were erected at the 
 front of the entrance into the quire, these 
 atheistical rebels, as if they would not have so 
 much of tho militia to remain with the King as 
 tho bare image and representation of a sword by 
 his side, they breake off the swords from tho 
 sides of both of the statues ; they break tho 
 cross from off tho globe in tho hand 
 of our gratious Sovereign now li- n;;, and 
 with their swords hacked and hewed 
 the crown on the head of it, swearing 
 they would bring him back to his Parlia- 
 ment.' A most tlagitious crime, and that for 
 the like aV. C1injsosti>mc (Horn. 2. od 2>f7>w^«'" 
 Aiiti(irh). with many tears, complains ho much 
 feared ' the City of Antioch, the Metropolis, 
 and head (as he calls it) of the East, would have 
 been destroyed from tho face of the Earth.' for 
 when in a tumult, tho seditious citizens of 
 Antioch liad done the like affront to Theodosius 
 the Emperour in overturning his statue.s, how 
 doth that holy Bishop bemoan ? how doth ho 
 bewail that Citj- ';:' which, fearing tho severe 
 effects of tho abused Emperor's just indigna- 
 tion 'of a populous City, a ^lother boasting of 
 a numerous issue, was on a sudden become a 
 Widow, left desolate and forsaken of her In- 
 habitants, some ' out of the sense and horror 
 of the guilt abandoning the City and flying into 
 the desolate wilderness, others lurking in holes 
 and confining themselves to the dark corners of 
 their own houses, thereby hoping to escape tho 
 vengeance due to .so disloyal, so traitorous n
 
 The Ca.ptur« or Farnham Casti-k, Maklbok iir.H, anu WiNcHEsit.u. 
 
 'S.f 
 
 fact, 'because of this four iujiiry offered the 
 Empeioui-'s Statue. He (as iliat Fatlier spcaksc 
 was wronged, that was tlio supreme head of a) 
 men, and had no equal on earth.' But Avliat 
 wonder is it that tliese miscreants shouKl offer 
 such shameful indignities to the Kepresentation 
 of his Ro3^•ll Person and the Emblems of his 
 Sacred power, wlieu the lieails of tliis damnable 
 Rebellifm (who set tliese their Agents on Avork) 
 offer worse affronts to his Sacred i)erson himself, 
 and by their Rebellious Votes and Illegal 
 Ordinances daily strike at the Substance of 
 that power of wliich the Crown, the Sword, and 
 Scepter are but emblems and shadows, which 
 yet. notwithstanding, ought to have been 
 venerable and aweful to these men, in respect 
 of their Relation. After all tliis. as if what 
 tlicy had already done were all too little, they 
 go on in their liorrible wickedness, they seize 
 upon all the Communit)n Plate, tlie Bibles and 
 Servicc-Books, rich Hangings, large Cushions of 
 Velvet, all the Pulpit Clothes, some whereof 
 were of Clotli of Silver, some of Cloth of Gold. 
 They break up the ^Muniment House and take 
 away the Common Senl of the Churcli. supposing 
 it to be silver,and a fair piece of gilt plate. given by 
 Bishop Cotton ; they tear tlie evidences of their 
 hands,and cancel their charter; in a word, whatever 
 they found in tlic church of any value and yiov- 
 table they take it with them, what was neither 
 they either deface or destroy it. And now, 
 having ransacked the church, having defied God 
 in His own house and the King in His own 
 statue, having violated the urns of the dead, 
 having abused the bones and scattered tlie ashes 
 of deceased monarchs, bisliops, saints, and con- 
 fessors, they return in triumph, bearing their 
 spoils with them. The troopers (becau.se they 
 were the most conspicuous) ride through the 
 streets in surplesses with such hoods and tippets 
 as they found, and tliat they miglit boast to the 
 world how glorious a victory they hadatchieved, 
 they hold out tlieir trophies to all spectators, 
 for the troopers, thus clad in the priests' vest- 
 ments, rode carrying Common Prayer Books in 
 one hand and some broken organ pipes togetlier 
 with the mangled pieces of carved work, but 
 now mentioned containing some histories of 
 both Testaments, in the other. In all tliis giving 
 too just occasion to all good Cliristians to com- 
 plain witli tlio Psalmist, '()(iod, tliu hcatlien 
 arc come into Thine inheritance. Tiiy holy 
 Temples have they defiled. Tlie dead bodies 
 of Thy servants have they abused, and scattered 
 
 their bones as one lieweth wood iipmi tlie earlli. 
 Hclp us. O (iod of our salvation, for the gloty 
 of Thy name.' '" — Psalm 7'.». It has been said 
 that *' of the bra.ss torn from violate<l monuments 
 might hive been built a house as strong as the 
 brazen towers in old romances." That .-uuto 
 and indefatigable antiquary Dr. Milncr tells us 
 that prebendaries were regularly installed in 
 AVinchester (.'athedral until late in the summer 
 of )i]i[). The Rev. Laurence Hinton. rector of 
 Chilbolton. was installed on December 11th, 
 1G44 ; the Rev. Thomas (iawen. rector of Ex- 
 ton, (lates from June ITtli, lt;4o ; and the Rev. 
 Nicholas Preston from July •J.hd. Iti4.'». As the 
 result of an Act passed in lt>4.). all cr<»sses. 
 crucifixes, representations of saints and angels, 
 copes, surplices, hangings, can<ilestieks. b;i.sins. 
 organ.s, &c., were carried out of the Cathedral, 
 and other churches" railings and altars wen- 
 destroyed, raised chancels levelled, and 
 according to local tradition cavalry were 
 during these troublous times soraotiuu'K 
 quartered, together with their horses, in the 
 Cathedral. It is pleasant to find that a 
 Whykehamist, Avho is said to have been Colonel 
 X.ithaniel Fiennes, the brother of Lord Say and 
 Sele, who h;iving been educated at Wincliestor 
 was also one of the Fellows of New College, and 
 who po.ssessed considerable influence amongst 
 the Parliamentarians, was the means of saving 
 from the spoiler Winchester College, together 
 with the tomb and statue of him *• whos<,' 
 rectitude, knowledge of humanity, talents for 
 puiilie work, and steady indu.stry justify us in 
 claiming for him a place in history' close to. if 
 not beside, such brightest stars of the time as 
 Chaucer, Wycliffe, and Edward the Black 
 Prince." Need Ave say that Ave speak «)f William 
 of AVhvkeham. Avhom all dwellers beneath St. 
 (^iless'llill love Avell":' The authority fo;' .ill 
 tliis havoc and destruction in Cathedrals .md 
 Parish Churches Avas " An <nder from tlie 
 Parliament against divers Popish innovations, 
 dated September Hth, 1(141, lieing Wednesday : 
 It is this day ordered by the Commons in 
 Parliament assemliled that the Church Wardens 
 of every Parish ami Ciiappell respei-tively do- 
 forthwith remove tlie Conimunion Tai>le f:oiii 
 the east end of the Church. Ciiappell. or Chancel 
 into some other convenient jiLu'e ; ami tli.it 
 they take aw.iy the rails ami level the chancells 
 as heretofore they were, before t' e late innova- 
 tions. That all crucifi.xe.-^. sc.mdalous pictuivK 
 of any one or more persons of the Trinity, .and
 
 :?(» 
 
 TiTE Cm'TVRT or Fauniiam (-'ASTr.K, M AKi.JioRoroii, \ni)\Vin>iik<«tki: 
 
 all iiiiiifjis of tlu; Virgin M;ir\ sliiill l)0 taken 
 away ainl abolislied, and tliat all taper.s, candle- 
 sticks, or basons ho removed from the Com- 
 munion Tabic. That all corporall bowing at 
 the Name (of Jesus) f)r towanJs the east end of 
 the Clnurli, C'liai)i)ell, or Chancell, or towards 
 the Conmuinion Table be hencefortli forborn. 
 That the Lord's Day be duly sanctified, all 
 <lanciny and other sports, either before or after 
 Divine Service, be forborn and restrained, and 
 that the preaching of God's Word be permitted 
 in the afternoone in the several Churches and 
 Chappells of this Kingdome, &c.'' 
 
 '• Die Mercurii. Sept. 8th. KUl :— 
 '• It is this day ordered by the House of Com- 
 mons, now assembled in Parliament, that it 
 shall be lawfull for the parishioners of any 
 parish within the kingdom of England and 
 Wales to set up a lecture, and to maintain an 
 orthodox minister at their own charge to preach 
 every Lord's Day where there is no preaching, 
 and to preach one day in the week wlierc there 
 is no weekly lecture. 
 
 Hen. ELsyn. Eler. Dom. Com." 
 We lia ve already quoted the words of Clarendon, 
 that the misfortune of the defeat of Lord 
 Grandison •• was much lessened by his making 
 an escape himself, with two or three of his 
 principal officers, who were very, very welcome 
 to Oxford."' 
 
 But similar satisfaction was Ijy no means felt 
 in London. Yicars charges the fugitives with a 
 breach of parole, saying. *' About the middle of 
 this December the Parliament had certaine in- 
 formation that those active and couragious 
 champion.s. Sir AVilliam Waller and Colonell 
 Hrown. and the forces with themforementioned. 
 liaving secured the prisoners they had taken at 
 Wincliester. in the strong townc of Portsmouth, 
 •whither they had sent them all, save only the 
 Lord Cirandison and Sergeant-Ma jor Willis, who 
 had perfidiously, contrary to their engagements 
 to Colonel Goodwin, made an escape, were now 
 bent for Cliichester in Sussex." 
 
 Colonel Goodwin (here referred to) had been 
 one of the members for Buckinghamshire two 
 years previously. Here is a picture of him and 
 iiis troopers from a Cavalier point of view. 
 Listen to -Mercurius Rusticus": — ''On Monday, 
 the 'JOth of May. 1643, a boy of five or six 
 years of age. attended by a youth, was comming 
 to Oxford to his father, an officer in the King's 
 army passing through Buckinghamshire, he 
 
 fell into tlie han<l.-' <>f .smne troop<Ti< nf Colonel 
 Goodwill's Regiinent. who not only ])illagcd 
 him of the cloaths v.]ii( h In- biought witli him, 
 but took his doublet off his back, and would 
 have taken away his hat ami boots, if the 
 youth tiiatattemhd f>n him had not earnestly 
 interceded for them to s:ive them. For one of 
 the company mor*' t( inlirlieart<:d tlian tli': rest, 
 moved with the child's cries and affrightment, 
 and with the youth'.s earnest ontnat}-. provailefl 
 with the rest not to rob the child these 
 necessary fences against the injury of wind 
 and weather. Yet tho' they s|)are him of these 
 things, they rob him of his hor.sc. and leave the 
 poor child to a tedious long journey on foot. 
 This barbari.sm to a poor child, far from hi> 
 friends, almost distracted with fear, so prevailed 
 with some, that they made Colonel (ioodwin and 
 Sir Rol)ertPye acquainted with it,hoping to find 
 them sen.sil)le of so cruel practices on a poor 
 child, Imt tliese great professois and champion- 
 of religion only laughed at the the relation 
 without giving any redress to tho child - 
 injuries. This want of justice in the com 
 manders animated the soldiers to prosecui 
 their villanies to a greater height, for that niglit 
 they came to tho place where the child lay. and 
 the poor soul being in bed fast asleep, his^ 
 innocent rest not di.sturbod with the injuiios of 
 the day, they dived into his and his attendant's 
 pockets, robbed tliem of all their monies, and 
 left them either to borrow more or beg for 
 su.stenance in their journey to Oxford." 
 
 "Mercurius Rusticus,'" .says on the other haud 
 that Colonel Brown in his letter to Isaac Pen- 
 nington, the Lord flavor of Londo.'. threw tho 
 blame of Lord (irandisons escape on Colonel 
 Urrcy. who, as we know, repeatedly changed 
 sides during the war. Tlie colonel, however, 
 contrived to clear himself of this charge, and 
 received compensation from the fund originally 
 raised for the relief of tiie clergy wlio had been 
 plundered bytlie .soldiers of the Parliament. Let 
 •• Mercurius Rusticus ' tell the story : — 
 
 •• But Winchester being surprised and tli^ 
 Lord Grandison taken prisoner, Colonell Brown, 
 in a letter to famous Isaac Pennington, mag- 
 nifies the victory and enlarged the glory of it 
 very much, by that circumstance of taking that 
 noble Lord prisoner, but what did much eclipse 
 the honour obtained tliat day. in the Letter he 
 adds, that by the treachery of Colonell Urrey 
 he was escaped. Little Isaac had hardly so 
 much patience as to read out the Letter, but h'-
 
 The ("AlM'l-IlK <jF FaKXHAM CasTLK, MAlU.BtKCu: .Ml, ANtt WlN< UESU.i;. 
 
 :M 
 
 suiiuiiuns his ^rinuklons, ami giv( s an Ahum to 
 his Redcoats, tlic ]Messcngors of liis Fnry. and 
 fiemls th(.-m instantly to plnndor Mistress 
 Urric'S Jj(jdgin<j-; it was no sooner said than 
 done, they being as swift to act mischief as 
 Isaac was ready to command it ; wiiat tliey had 
 in charge tliey perform faithfully, and plunder 
 her of no mon; hut all. .Mistress I'rrey pre- 
 sently gives notice to lu-r Inisljand what measure 
 she found in the City while he was in their 
 service in the Country, 'i'he ("olonell, upon 
 the information, hastens to London to cxpo.stu- 
 late for this Injury, and for redress, complains 
 to the House against the Ringleader Brown 
 and Rout-!Master ' little Isaac' Upon hearing 
 botli parties, the House (piits Colonell Urrey 
 
 from any conspiracy with my Lord (;ran<Us«jii, 
 or connivance at his escape, and for reparation 
 of his losses they order him .i'lUO, to l»e paid 
 (Hit of tlie monies collected the> list Fast Day 
 for the plunrlered Minister.s, who hy this meauii 
 were phnnlered twice, and so. one (Jrdcr !jc- 
 getting anotlicr, they Order. • 'J'hat a m.\v c«»I- 
 lection shall Ijc made for tht; Petitioncis the 
 ne.\t Fast Day ;' nor was this the firsi Dclit by 
 many that have been paid hy the al.used Charity 
 of London, the ' great tax-hearing ^Inlc,' as one 
 justly calls it.' 
 
 Leaving the imprisoned Cavaliei-s in safe 
 custody at Portsmouth, let us follow Sir 
 "William Waller on his victorious march into 
 Sussex.
 
 CnAPTLi: r^'. — Tiir. CJr,M:i:Ai,^ and riii.ii: I"<'Im k: 
 
 liiiforc w (.' s|)(.;ik of tJu- sliiiiiig Lveiit.s whifh 
 rollowid the taptuio of Winchester by Sir Wm. 
 Waller iit the close of the year 1(j42. it will be 
 well for lis to look at the generals on either side 
 ami at the forces iinder their connnand. 
 
 Sir William Waller belonged to an ancient 
 family in this county, and laid claim to the 
 owneiship of Winchester Castle and to the 
 < ffice of hereditary chief butler of England. 
 He had served with credit in the armies of the 
 tieunan Princes against the Emj)eror. When 
 the r'ivil AVar commenced he was a member of 
 the Committee of Safety, and raised a troop of 
 liorsc for the service of the I'arliament. Ap- 
 pointed to a subordinate command under the 
 Karl of Essex, he. as avc have already seen, made 
 himself master of Portsmouth during the 
 autumn of 1 1142. obliging Goring, the Governor, 
 to take ship for Holland. 
 
 Winchester. Chichester, Malmesbury. and 
 "Hereford in rpiick sirccession opened their gates. 
 and a swift and successful night march brought 
 liim to the Severn .shore. Flat-bottomed boats 
 speedily carried him and his troops across the 
 .•<tieam. and he at once captured or dispersed a 
 .small Royalist force Avhich had designs against 
 (Uoucester. The Parliament and the city 
 idolised Jiim. giving to him the proud title of 
 '■ William thu Conqueror." Effecting a junction 
 •»vith the Eail of Essex at Reiding. that im- 
 portant town was taken by storm on April "iTtli. 
 i()4;). Essex loved him not. nor was Waller, 
 truth to tell, the most loyal of subordinates. 
 JKssex wasted his army by inaction, whilst 
 "Waller lost his by desertion, •• as the manner of 
 liim was." 
 
 The following letter from Sir William Waller 
 to Sir Ralph Hopton. his constant and aide 
 opponent, is honourable alike to the wiitcr and 
 to the recipient : — 
 
 •• My affections to you aic so unchangeable 
 that hostilitv itself cannot violate mv friend- 
 
 ship to your person, but I mu.--t be true to th> 
 cause >\ herein I serve. I ahonld wait on you, 
 according to your desire, but that I look on you 
 as engaged in that party m ithout the possibility 
 of retreat, and, consequently, incapable of being 
 wrought upon Viy any j)crsuasion. That Cireat 
 God, who is the .searcher of all licarts, knows 
 with what a sad fear I go upon this service, and 
 with what perfect hate I look upon a war with- 
 out an enemy. But I look upon it as Oiids 
 Domini ! AVc are both on the stage, and must 
 act those parts that are assigned to us in this 
 tragedy : but let us do it in the way of honour. 
 and without personal animosity I" 
 
 Such Avas the man mIio Avas eie long to la,\ 
 siege to Arundel, ('hichester. and Basing 
 Waller's opponent at Portsmouth, "the Kint'' 
 most able general. Colonel CJoring. was an air\ 
 Bacchanalian, Avho on the most critical tmcr- 
 gency could not be enticed from the jollities of 
 the table, slighting every alarmist till the carou- 
 Avas concluded." Jiut liord Hopton Avas a mai 
 cast in a more noble mould. Eliot Warburton 
 says ("Memoirs of Prince Rupert." p. 113). 
 •' Sir Ralph. afterAvards Lord Hopt '. heir to 
 one of the most poAverful and ancient families 
 in Somersetshire, av.is born in l.'t',''^. He was, 
 early in life, distinguished by an aptness for 
 study, and for the attainment of luignagos. to 
 Avhich he joined an ardent and enterprising 
 spirit. He Avas at the battle of Prague, and 
 aided in carrying off the poor Queen of Bohemia 
 from her dangers. He wa- devoted to her as 
 fervently and after as pure a fashion as tho 
 other heroes Avhom she fascinated. For her .sake 
 he passed five years of his youth in the Avars of 
 the Low Countries and the Palatinate. He Ava? 
 knighted at the Coronation of King Charles, 
 and was elected to serve in Parliament for the 
 City of Wells. Like most men of his disposi- 
 tion, he inclined at first towards the popular 
 party, and Avas selectid to reid before thr- King
 
 The Gbnekai.s and thkir F^R'.ec). 
 
 33 
 
 the •Romonstiauco' of Xovcmljur. ItUl. He, 
 however, sooncanio to an opposite opinion, and 
 henceforth applied himself vigonnisly to pro- 
 mote the interests of the Crown in his own 
 county. He was almost constautlv opposed to 
 Sir W. Waller." 
 
 In January, l()-l(), when the Kinj/liad oidy tM'o 
 small armies remaining in tlie field, the one in 
 Cornwall, c(jmnianded by LordHopton, and the 
 other on the hordersofWalesunder Lord Astley, 
 things were looking serious. The Prince of Wales, 
 abandoned inf Joringand(lrcnvi]le,sli]l held sway 
 in the west. He sent for Lord Hopton.and offered 
 him tlie fomniuid of the seven or eight 
 thousand men who still remained with the 
 colours. "My lord," answered Hopton, " it is 
 not a custom when men are not willing to sub- 
 mit to what they are enjoined to say that it is 
 against their honour: that their honour will 
 not suffer them to do this or that : for my part, 
 I cannot at this time obey your Higlmess Avith- 
 out resolving to lose my honour ; but since 
 your Highness ha.s thought fit to command me, 
 I am ready to obey, even witli tlie losy of my 
 honour." 
 
 Havingshown himself a right skilful general, 
 his own men at last obliged him to surrender. 
 " Treat tlieii," said he " but not for me," and 
 neither he nor Lord Capcl would l)e included in 
 the capitulation. During the Commonwealth 
 lie f on lid an asylum in Spain. He liad been 
 created a peer in 1()4;'>, aiul marrietl tlie widow 
 of Sir Justinian Lewer. but dying without 
 children, the title became extinct. Sir William 
 Waller was the assailant, and Lord Hopton the 
 protector of the Cavalier strongholds in Hamp- 
 shire and the neigiibouring counties. 
 
 John, the r>tli and ''Loyal" ]\Iaiquis of AVin- 
 chcster was thrice married. His first wife was 
 Jane, daughter of Thomas, Lord Savage, by 
 whom he became father to Charles, the 6th 
 Marquis and first Duke of Bolton. He had the 
 air of one born to command, and was a man of 
 great determination, as we know from his 
 answer to the arguments of Hugh Peters, " hat 
 if the King had no more ground in Kngl md 
 but Basing House, he would venture a> h-- c;iil, 
 and maintain it to the utteiniost." He al-o 
 possessed consiilerable literal y ability, -ad 
 translated Quare's Devout Kntertainnients of a 
 Christian Soul. In IS.VJ he translated The 
 Gallery of Heroic Women, and Salon's Holy 
 History in the following year. Ifaving left the 
 Church of England for tint of Bonv . his 
 
 mansion naturally became a rallying point for 
 the friends of the Queen in the south-western 
 counties. 'So early a^ September 'J;^rd, 104"J, 
 the King wrote to the Earl of Xewcasth-. not 
 only to permit, but to order him to enlist sol- 
 diers without considering their religion, or, in- 
 deed, anything exc.pt their fidelity to the Royal 
 cause. We constantly find leasing described b> 
 its assailants as a Popish garrison. At first 
 Roman Catholics and Piotestants fioiglit 
 shoulder to shoulder, but during the list days 
 of the heroic defence almost the whole gar- 
 rison professed the sime religion as the Marquis, 
 who was at this time about 44 \ears of :ig.- 
 '"Ayniey Tioyaulte. "Loa e Lni/nlii;,' not Ii"i/iili;/. 
 says ^Iv. Mudio. ■ shows tliat the Marquis stood 
 out thus gallantly for the King, not upon 
 personal grounds, but from regarding him 
 as the legitimate head of the govern- 
 ment and administrator of the law — thac 
 he was a loyali.-l iu principle, not a 
 party Royalist . Mr. Mudie adds : •' Colonel 
 Norton," wh<> is so prominently mentioned in 
 the diary of the siege, •• was also a loyalist, 
 though a loyalist having different views of the 
 matter. He took tlie field, and took it bravely, 
 for the privilege of the Parlianient. A\hicli 
 Charles had uiniuestionably invaded : but h- 
 had no hostility to the King according to law. 
 It happened in that unfoitun.ite contest -in 
 which Engl.iiid sulfered more than in any otlu- 
 time since the Warsof the Ro.ses — that soineol 
 the most loyal men. the men most devoted ti' 
 the whole constitution in all its three branche.-. 
 were arranged upon each side, while nten 
 courtiers mingleti with the one party and 
 enemies to botli King and Parliament mingled 
 with the other. Upon the side of Charle- 
 the loyal men stood only for the con 
 stitutioiial authority of the King, wliil 
 the courtiers stood for him in disregard 
 of the constitution. The loyalists on the side 
 of Parliament stood only for its constitutional 
 privileges, the rest of that paity Iteing enen>i< 
 to all government. Between the fiist section- 
 of the two parties it was merely :i misundt r 
 standing, but betwetu the second it was ini 
 placable and deadly opposition. 'J'he forim i 
 were an.xions to save both constitution and 
 country, the latter recked not for the ruin of 
 both. This distinction is an important on«', 
 and necessary before we do justice to brave and 
 good men upon either side — to such men as tin 
 Mirqnisof Winchester and Colon-i Norton —
 
 :tt. 
 
 I'lIK (.JKNKKALH ANIi IIIhIK FoKCKH. 
 
 diiriri;,' this ilislr;ifli;<l :iu<l I'lvtiuciit ly tiiisu- 
 |ir<'.st'iil('il p;'i i<i(l of our liistoiy."' 
 
 'rii(.' Lidy .M;iicliioniss of Wiiidustci' at this 
 tiiin' was tlic si'ooml wife of the Mar<[uis. Slie 
 w.is iiaiiiofl Hoiioia, and was the daiv/htcr of 
 Riiliiud. Eail of St. All)ans and Clanricardc. 
 and was tlio mother of four sons and tluoc 
 dan<j;litors. Clarendon doscril)us her as being "a 
 lady of <rreat honour and alliance, and sister to 
 the Ivul of Essex and to the Lady ]\Iarchioncss 
 of Ilei-tford." She shared in all tlie dangers of 
 tile siege, and saw her maid killed by a grenade, 
 she herself having a nariow escape. Together 
 with the other ladies of the gai'rison, she aided 
 in casting into bullets the lead stripped from 
 the roof and turrets of the house, and it was in 
 great measure owing to her representations and 
 entreaties that Colonel Cage Avas despatched 
 from Oxford to the relief of her beleagured 
 husband. Her brother was the celebrated 
 General of the Parliament, " the sIoAV-going, in- 
 articulate, indignant, somewhat elephantine 
 man," as Carlyle calls him. 
 
 Family strife once more! Colonel Richard 
 Xorton, already referred to, belonged to a family 
 whicli had settled long before at Alresford, 
 Sonthwick, near Portsmoutli, and Rotherfield. 
 His ancestor and namesake had been knighted 
 at Rasing House by Queen Elizabeth, and it w.as 
 while Charles f. Mas tlie guest of Sir Uaniel 
 Xorton at Southwick Pai'k that he received the 
 new .-5 of the assassination of the Dukeof Rucking- 
 ham by Felton at Portsmouth. 
 
 Colonel Ricliard Norton resided at the Manor 
 House of Old Alresford, and is said to have dis- 
 tinguished himself in the battle of Cheriton by 
 bringing up a body of Horse through bye ways, 
 from his knowledge of the country, to charge 
 the leir of the enemy. With this gentleman 
 Oliver Cromwell was on familiar and intimate 
 terms, di.stmgnishing him in letters ti> his pri- 
 vate fiiendsby the appellation of " Idl.i Dick 
 Norton. " Clarendon says that the besiegers of 
 Rasing House were '• united in this service under 
 theeornmand of Norton, a man of spirit and of the 
 groit jst fortune of all the rest,'" and speaks of 
 •• the known cour,ago of Norton." He seived 
 under the Eail of ^Manchester, was a fellow- 
 colonel with t>liver in the Eastern Association, 
 and became member for Hants in 104'). Cron-- 
 well addresses letters to him thus : " For ir ,• 
 noble Friend Colonel Richard Norton. These, 
 and commences "Dear Dick." Carlyie says 
 of Norton, "Given to Presbyterian notiojis ; 
 
 was purged out by Pride : cinio liack, dwindh d 
 nltiiiiately into Itoyalism." A relative of " th«s 
 Loyal Maniuis" married Elizabeth, the d.iugliter 
 of Sir Jlichard Norton, of Rotiierfield. 
 
 A few particulars respecting the (Javalii rv:unl 
 tluiir opponents may not be without intei< vt. 
 
 In Augu.st, 1()42, the Army of tin- P.irii inienL 
 was about ■J3,00() strong. There were 7') tioops 
 of horse, each Of) strong. The live regime.ntKof 
 dragoons had Hir) in each troop, and 1"2(M) was 
 the strength of each of the 14 regiments of in- 
 fantry, whilst .'>:) brass guns and a few moilars 
 or '' murtherers " formed the train of artillery. 
 Iron guns had been manufactured at Ruxted, in 
 Sussex, by Ralph Hoggc and liis covenanted 
 servant. John Jackson, as long before as \'i4'.i, 
 but brass was now the favourite metal for guns. 
 Sussex people used to say 
 
 Master Hogge and LIh man John 
 Thev (lid cast the first cannon. 
 Another version of this important transac-tion 
 is as follows : — "Pctrus Raude, (iallus OpeiLs 
 Artifex. worked with Ralph Hogge or Hnggot, 
 of Ruxt (1. and first made cast iron guns. 
 Master Huj,'get and his man John, 
 Thcj' did cast the first can-non." 
 The Earl of Essex wore a buff-coloured se.irf, 
 which gave origin to the colours of the Parlia- 
 mentarians. Royalist officers wore red Rcarvea, 
 whilst tliose serving the Parliament affected 
 buff or deep yellow. L'niforms, s.vcalied, 
 existed but only in name. Rulf coats were 
 used by both parties, but red, orange, giey, 
 purple, and blue regiments, with Hags of the 
 same colours, were to l-e s -en, whilst John 
 Hampden commanded a rjgi.n.nt of "Green- 
 coats." The best discipline se ':ns to have been 
 maintained by the London Trained Bands, each 
 regiment of which had the City Arms in the 
 dexter canton of its fl ig. The Parliamentarian 
 artilley had no distinctive uniform, and the 
 cavalry, being Cuirassiers, required none. At 
 Naseby the Cavaliers attacked one another, 
 having no special distinguishing badges. In 
 each troop of cavalry, or company of infantry. 
 tliere was a subaltern officer, who, from the en- 
 sign which he carried, was styled a " cornet." 
 iJ, defrayed by the Council of State, was the 
 price of a regimental colour. The officers of a 
 Parliamentarian regiment were a lieutenant- 
 colonel, captains, lieutenants, ensigns, a quar- 
 ter-master, a cariiige-master, a provost-marshal, 
 a chirurgeon, and often a chaplain. There 
 were ten companies in a regiment. The present
 
 Thk Gknkrai.s and ihkir FoKf.es. 
 
 35 
 
 luaji-.i w;i.-« tiiL-ii styled sergeant -rn;ijor. aiul non 
 comniiHsioned offivjcrs wore then, as now. known 
 by tho n;nn(;s of sergeants and corpoials. One 
 ^tandaid Ixtc an arm painted, tluustinga bloody 
 sword through a crown. Tliey adopted Sciip- 
 tural names. Cleveland alludes to tiiia bj- a 
 btroke ot humour : — "'With what faee can they 
 object to the King the biinging in of foreigners, 
 wlien they themselves i7iaintain such an army 
 of Hebrews? One of tliem l^eat up his diums 
 rleaii through the Old Testament : we may 
 Icani ihe g(,'nealogy of Our Saviour fron\ the 
 names in liis regiment. 'I'he musterman uses 
 no oth'r list but the first chapter of Matthew." 
 
 Ti;c following names are given by Jolm 
 Sijuire as belonging to mtn " who joined us at 
 the siege of Lynn, and came riding in full 
 aimed, and went into cur second uyiment ; and 
 ■who left us, manyof them, after Maiston Fight, 
 on fancies of conscience, and turned Quackers 
 (Quakers)": — " Hiram, Judah, Caleb, Danyel. 
 Zachary, Saul. Aaron, .Taphet, Jacques. Isaiali, 
 Simon, Aniinadab, Hezekiah, Chiistian. Zatthu, 
 Aliinielech. Sheckaniah. Jobias. Jeheil. Selah, 
 Mann.i. Kleazer, Ishmael. A'ilellius. Zercd, 
 Tsr.ie!, Amiihilius, Gabriel. Promise, Gilead, 
 Zack. Kisiah. ]\Iathias, Pious, Malec, Je'sophat, 
 Issacha! , Shem, &c." 
 
 There arc several publications intended for 
 militaiy service peni\cd by mini.sters: — "The 
 Soldier's Catechi.sm, by Robeit Ram. ^Minister, 
 publislied by authority" ; another, "A Spiiitual 
 Kna])sack for the Parli;;ment's Soldiers.' The 
 most extraordinary specimen of the tem])er of 
 the times is one entitled '• Military and 
 Spiritual Motions for Foot Companies, with tho 
 Exercise of a single Company as they now 
 ought to be taught, and not otherwise, by Capt. 
 Lazarus Howard. ir)4o." 
 
 "It was a project of drilling and exercising a 
 conipanj' of infantry at the same time l»y a 
 doul)le motion of soul and body. This full antl 
 whole exercise of a foot company spiritual and 
 temporal may make us, like the Israelites, go up 
 as one man. witti one heart and in one form, u 
 soldier of that Cheat Captain, Chiist Jesus I" 
 
 "His scheme is to give the wosd of command 
 to produce the military movement, and to every 
 letter in tliat word he affixes some i)ithy and 
 pious sentence to produce the accompanying 
 spiritual one." He forms acrostics of 
 
 "To the Right About !"— " As Von Were !" 
 as thus : — 
 
 The Devil is let loose fur a Hcason, to try the patience 
 
 of Gofl's Church. 
 Our Kneniies, O Lord, arc near to hurt us, but Thou 
 
 art near to help uk. 
 The Bword never prevaileil, hut Sin set an edge upon. 
 Hasten from the company of the wicked. 
 Every man shall sit under his own vine, nor hear any 
 
 news or noises to affright us. 
 Religion made a atalkinir-horse for politics is odious. 
 It is a grievous judgment upon a nation when teachers 
 
 sent for man's salvation i-hull hevome means of 
 
 their confm>ion, ic., Ac. 
 
 In the Royal army they had i\v fn Id word 
 given to know their friends in the heat of 
 battle, "For (iod and tho King, " but tho Par- 
 i liamentarians 1 ad no word to recognise their 
 i fellows from the enemy, and severat inst nccs 
 j occurred of their firing on each other. This 
 error was no doubt soon corrected. At the san- 
 guinary battle of .Mar.ston Moor the tield-word 
 : of the Parliamentarians, in contradistinction to 
 ; the King's, was "(iod with us!' On that day 
 the soldiers s( 'm to have depended on the colour 
 of their coats as a signal of recognition : these. 
 I however, wei ; as various as their leymients. and 
 j it sometimes happened that both parties wore 
 j the same colour. The King had a red regiment, 
 j held to be " the Invincible Regiment." consist- 
 j ing of 120U men. Among the Parli imentarians 
 I they had also a rej^imcnt of red-coats. ( Vicar's 
 I Parlicnnoituni Chronicle. Pait 4. "200). There 
 I were regiments ftf purjjle, of grc-y. and of blue. 
 The Marijuis of Newcastle had a regiment com- 
 •■ posed of Xorthumbtrland men, called from their 
 dress, " "White coats." These veterans luhaved 
 with the utmost gallantry, and though deserted 
 1 at Marston Moor by all their friends they 
 i formeil a ring ti> oppose Cromwell, and the 
 I White Coats fell in their ranks without the 
 ! flight of one man. AVhether from the colour 
 ' of their coats, or their desperati- courage, they 
 also obtained the title of "Xewcastle's Lambs I' 
 ' There were 20 regiments of Foot, under as many 
 colonels, including general officers, and Tfjtnwps 
 j of horse under as many captains. These last 
 I were formed into regiments containing as many 
 troops as r)ccasion re(juired. The complement of 
 I the regiment of Foot was probaldy inoomen. 
 ; Ivrch troop of horse was to consist of llO men, 
 i but the numbeis were never full. There were 
 I five troo|)s of Dragoons, each of 1<>(I, besides 
 J officers, and a troopof 100 Cuirassiers asabody- 
 \ guard for the Earl of Essex. Th«' two chaplainn 
 wen; Di'. lUirgess and Mr. Stephen Marshall. 
 H;inii>d.-n was coloiii I ..!' til.' "itli |J, .'in,, mi .,f
 
 3C, 
 
 Till nKNBUAl.H AND THI.IU Fol£<;fH. 
 
 Foot, willi UicliJinl Jiij4i»lilsli^ .-i^ his i:i|it;iiii. 
 Am(ill;4 the <;i|)t;iilis of lloist wiif, liisitlcs tllf)HC 
 will) li;ul also l''oot it'giiiK'uts. Oftlu; liTth 'rroop, 
 Oliver Cromwell, with John Deslioionjjh as his 
 Quarter- Master ; of the ("idtli. tlolin Fieiines, 
 third son of Lord Sayo. with Oliver's cousin, 
 EdsvanI AVhally. as his cornet ; of tlie l'>th. Sir 
 Wm. Waller; of the Kth. Lord St. .lolin, with 
 Oliver Cromwoll. eldest snrviviui^ son of the 
 member for ('anihrid<^'e, as his cornet: of the 
 3Gth. Nathaniel Fiennes. 'I'lw Parliamentarian 
 colonels Avho had regiments api)ointed them 
 were generally country gcntkancn or students 
 from the Inns of Court. The Parliament had 
 recourse to milit iry men. wlio liad seen service 
 in the Netherlands, to discipline their raw levies. 
 Amongst these were many Germans, and in 
 some accounts from the country we find noticed 
 "the honest German" who drilled them. Crom- 
 ■well writes, " Heed well your motions, and 
 laugh not at Rose's Dutch tongue ; he is a 
 zealous servant, and wo may go farther and 
 get a Avorse man to our hand than he is." At 
 York tlie King raised a body-guard, in which 
 the young Piiuce of Wales was a captain, and 
 •which Avas under the command of Lord Bernard 
 Stuart, the brotlicr of the Duke of Richmond. 
 The King used to say that the rcA'enues of 
 those in that single troop Avonld ])uy the estates 
 of my Lord o^ Essex and of all the officers 
 in his Army. Oliver CroniAvell writes thus : 
 '* Buy those horses, biit do not give more than 
 18 or *J0 pieces each for them, that is enough 
 for Dragooncrs. I will give you GO pieces for 
 that black one you Avon at Horncastle, if you 
 hold to a mind to sell him for my son, Avho 
 has a mind to him." 
 
 A pair of spurs cost os. " a feather for my 
 basnet (/.c. helmet). 2 Gd.": and "a ncAv staflfv 
 for ye colours. Is. 4d. 
 
 By an order made in IGiH. the folloAving 
 prices were fixed for offensive and defensive 
 arms and armour : — 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 A breast of pistol proofe 11 
 
 A l)iicke 7 
 
 V close <':ii<ki' (helmet) lined •• 17 
 
 V piiji.Mif |.ouMr<mB <• I- 
 
 \ pajTP of \ .'inibraccB *• I- 
 
 \ l)iij r(! of ;;iiissftn <' 17 (• 
 
 •V iMiIlctt "I (,'iiaidcriiic •' ." 
 
 \ gortjttlyncd " •"• t' 
 
 \ g.iuntlett gloved '• '■' '• 
 
 Soc the whole price of the cuirasBicr's 
 
 armour air.ountoth t« •'{ 1" ' 
 
 The prices of the parts, and of the whol« 
 corslet or footman's armour russetted. viz. : — 
 
 i: s. d. 
 
 The bre.ast "' '> •: • 
 
 The backe U I ti 
 
 Thctassets .'. o 
 
 The combed ho.ad piece, lyncd " l li 
 
 The gorgett, lynect " - ti 
 
 The total of the footman's armour 1 - '• 
 
 If the bre.ast, back, and tassets be lyncd with reil 
 leather the price will be 1/. -Is. (id. 
 
 The prices of the parts and of the whole 
 armour for a lianjuebuzier on hor.seback rus- 
 setted. viz. : — 
 
 € p. d. 
 
 A brea>t of pistoll proofe U '.i 
 
 A backe 7 
 
 A gorgett ."! 
 
 A headpecce, with great cheeks and a barr 
 
 before the face 11 " 
 
 Tlie tot.all of the Avholeand all thepart.-; 
 of a harquebuzier or li^ht horse- 
 m.an's armour i.s 1 1- " 
 
 A combed headpeece for a muskettier. ru-- 
 
 setted and lyned J ' 
 
 Price of the pike : — 
 
 Thcstaft'e... 2 r. 
 
 The head 1 S 
 
 Socket and colouvin? 4 
 
 Summe 4 «> 
 
 For a new musket, with mould, worm, and 
 scourer e l'* '» 
 
 For a new baudalier, with twelve charge^, a 
 prymcr. a pryming wj-re, a bullet ba<r. and 
 a strap or belt of two inches in breadth ... - t'> 
 
 For .a pair of horseman's pistols, furnished 
 with snaphauccs. mouldes, worms, scourer, 
 flask, a charger, and coses -
 
 VI. — EvKNTs IN Portsmouth. — Colonel Goring Declaki:s for thi: Kinc;. — Skirmlshks 
 
 NE.VR SoiTir.V.MPTON .\ND IN ISLE OF WlOIlT. — CAPTURE OF 8oUTII.'^EA CaSTLE. — 
 
 Surrender of Ports.mouth. 
 
 Before proceeding further it will be well for 
 us to note a few facts relating to this fratricidal 
 strife not yet recorded in this o'er true tale. As 
 early as June 'J 1st the Deputy-Lieutenants, 
 Colonels, and Captains of the County had m;xde 
 a Declaration in favour of the Parliament.which 
 was assented to and -with great cheerfulness 
 approved of by the soldiers of the Trained 
 Bands, about 5000 in number, who were sp cediy 
 increased by the addition of numerous volun- 
 teers, who offered to serve in person. 
 
 On August 8th word was brought to the 
 House of Commons that Colonel Goring had 
 tendered an oath of allegiance to the King to 
 the Mayor and Aldermen of Portsmouth, most 
 of wliom took it willingly. But Mr. Peck, a 
 minister. Mr. Goodwin, Mr. Odcll, Mr. Good- 
 fellow, and several others refused it, and were in 
 consequence obliged to leave the town. The 
 Mayor took his wife and family to Salisbury, 
 intending to leave them there, and to return 
 him.self to Portsmouth, after doing his utmost 
 to raise men and money for the King. Twenty 
 horsemen were posted at Portsbridge to keep 
 watch and ward Ijotli by night and day. Four 
 guns swept the approaches to the bridge, which 
 was also protected by a strong frame of timber. 
 The guns belonged to the Maria, pinnace. In 
 order to encourage the townsmen. Colonel 
 Goring showed them 15000/., and a rumour was 
 current that 5000 French soldiers would speedily 
 arrive as a reinforcement. The garrison was 
 by no means unanimously in favour ol' tlie King. 
 A certain Captain Wiles tried to win over his 
 soldiers, but completely failed. After mucli 
 discussion they fell upon him and slew him, the 
 chronicler adding, '• Alas, who knows whether, 
 with his body, they slew his soul also !" 
 
 On August '2nd, lt'A-2, the date of Goring's 
 Declaration for the King, there were 300 men 
 
 in garrison, 100 townsmen able to bear arm.s. 
 and in the remainder of Portsea Island about 
 luO more. There were about 50 officers, with 
 their servants. The Governor and officers pos 
 sessed more than 50 horses, but there was only 
 two days' provision in the town, which was 
 unfortilied and very weak in many places. Col. 
 Goring ordered all men able to bear arms or to 
 find substitutes to meet in the Bowling Green, 
 on pain of imprisonment, knowing full well that 
 only Cavaliers would put in an appearance. The 
 friends of the Parliament were speedily dis 
 armed, and 40 horsemen with pistols and carbines 
 admitted into the garrison. At tlireo o'clock on 
 that August afternoon the Colonel addressed 
 the meeting, urging them to stand fast for the 
 King, promising money to the Cavaliers, and 
 leave to depart to the adherents of the Parlia- 
 ment. The military chest was not empty, for 
 Goring had received iJOOO/. from the Parliament 
 for tlie payment of arrears to the garrison, and 
 9000/. from Mr. Weston, brother to tlie Earl of 
 Portland, the Royalist governor of the Isle of 
 Wight. At the conclusion of his harangue 
 some of the soldiers shouted in token of assent, 
 but others were discontented, and strife ran 
 high in the town. Col. Goring at once sent out 
 an oOicer to enlist recruits in the county, but 
 only those who profes.sed their willingness to 
 fight for the King were admitted within the 
 walls. All the soldiers and every townsman exeept 
 three or four declared for tlie King, but within 
 less than ten days more than lialf of them had 
 found means to escape. The Parliament aetetl 
 promptly. Orders were at once given to tin- 
 Earl of Warwick to blockade the harbour witli 
 a squadron of five sliips, and preparations for 
 an attack on the land side were not forgotten. 
 Tlie Commission of Array was not put in force, 
 but the Militia was duly (>mbodied. witli the 
 result of making one or two <<inipani<s of
 
 :{K 
 
 SKiijMisiir.s M'.Ai: SorniAMi'ToN and in Isi,i, or Wniiir. 
 
 tniiiKnl IkiihIs dcsuii tho cause of tho King for 
 tliat of tho Parliament. 
 
 iNIany Hanipshii(> genlleraon wiio had pro- 
 mised to bring in reinforcements of liorsc and 
 foot Avero stopped en route, as was also Sir 
 Kenelm Digl)y, one of Colonel Goring's prin- 
 cipal allies and confeder.itcs. Only two days 
 hud elapsed before the County Militia began to 
 blockade Portsbridgcicndering the provisioning 
 of the garrison a matter of difficulty. On 
 Saturday. August Gth, the .supplies of pro- 
 visions from the Isle of Wight were cut off, 
 and on Monday, August 8th, the Earl of War- 
 wick appeared ofT the mouth of the harbour 
 witli his blockading squadron. The Earl of 
 Portland, Governor of the Isle of Wight, was 
 committed to the custody of Sheriff Garret. 
 His mother and most of his friends were Roman 
 Catholics, and he was believed to be a member 
 of the same communion. The Earl of Pem- 
 broke was duly appointed as his successor, and 
 the House sent a messenger with orders to 
 Colonel Goring to .surrender Portsmouth to their 
 authority. 
 
 The King despatched a gentleman to Ports- 
 mouth, with promises of help and reinforce- 
 ments, but the gentlemen of Hampshire at once 
 raised a besieging force, asking for the authority 
 of Parliament, and offering to hazard their 
 lives and fortunes in the maintenance of the 
 true Protestant religion and the just privileges 
 of Parliament. One hundred carbines, pistols, 
 saddles, and much ammunition for the garrison 
 were intercepted by the forces of the Parliament. 
 The Bishop of Winchester sent five completely 
 armed horsemen to Portsmouth, and Dr. Hin- 
 sham, one of the Prebendaries of Chichestei*. 
 supplied the garrison with a load of wheat. 
 Hackney coachmen were offered commissions, on 
 condition of using their hor-ses for the King's 
 service. On August 11th the garrison was 
 estimated to be 501) strong ; '-Papists and those 
 ill affected to Parliament." The Grand Jury at 
 the County Assizes in August presented a most 
 loj'al petition to the King, asking for aid against 
 the Parliament. 
 
 On August 10th seven straggling Cavaliers 
 robbed two Wiltshire gentlemen on the highway, 
 about three miles from Winchester, of about 
 80/. in gold and 10/. in silver, shooting their 
 horses dead and riding off. Pursued by two 
 gentlemen of the county and their servants, they 
 at length entered an inn in Romsey. Armed 
 assistance having been obtained, they were 
 
 promptly secured and imprisoned at Wincho«tor 
 to await their trial. 
 
 On Thursday, August 11th, there was a fight 
 at llosdown, a mile out of Southampton. The 
 High Sheriff" of Hampshire, escorted by Horac 
 80 men, endeavoured to laisc the County Militia 
 for the Parliament, but was attacked by 60 and 
 odd Cavaliers and about 100 persons who disliked 
 his proceedings. The fight lasted about an 
 hour. Fifteen of the King's party were killed 
 and nine mortally wounded, with a loss of five 
 killed and none wounded on the other side. The 
 country people came in great numbers to assist 
 the Sheriff, as did also numerous well armed 
 volunteers from the town of Southampton. At 
 length many of the Cavaliers were captured, 
 and put into safe keeping. The Mayor of 
 Southampton addressed the assembled multitude. 
 urging them to act only in a strictly legal 
 manner, but most cautiously guarding himself 
 from saying anything which might hereafter be 
 construed to his hurt by either the King or the 
 Parliament, "and so. taking his leave of the 
 Sheriff, he returned home." Mr. Parker, a 
 gentleman living at Upper Wallop, records all 
 these proceedings with great satisfaction in a 
 letter to a friend in London. 
 
 MeanwhUe the Isle of Wiglit was preparmg 
 to rise in favour of the Parliament, 1 1. many 
 of the leading men in it were favouiable to 
 the King. This was especially the case with 
 the governors of the fortresses. Captain 
 Burley, at Yarmouth, the Governor and Porter 
 of Hurst Castle, and the Countess of Portland, 
 at Carisbrooke, left no doubt as to which cause 
 they favoured. Sir Robert Dillington tried to 
 send over corn to Portsmouth, but it was inter- 
 cepted on the way by one Master Bunckley. 
 The adherents of the Parliament sent up a peti- 
 tion for horse and arms, saying that "they 
 would sei-ve the King in a Parliamentary way 
 only." Whereupon 500 foot and two troops of 
 horse were ordered to march to their aid, and to 
 besiege Portsmouth. The arrival of the Earl 
 of Pembroke was anxiously awaited, so that the 
 malcontents might take active measures against 
 Goring and his Cavaliers. On August 16th the 
 Cavaliers made an attempt to secure the Isle of 
 Wight under cover of darkness. The precise 
 locality of the attack is not specified, but the 
 people assembled, and Captain Johnson, "a man 
 of most puissiint courage, "sallied from the town 
 with 300 very well armed men. The assailants 
 opened fire, wounding tvro men, but were at
 
 Blockade of Portsmolth Harbour 13Y tiiu Eahl or Warwick. 
 
 3i» 
 
 ength obliged to retire. About 9.0 a.m. they 
 began to show themselves in battle array, and 
 •' after some parley they fell to it like furious 
 lions, and when they had felt the angry bullets 
 on both sides they rested for the space of two or 
 three houis, and then fell on again with as much 
 fui'y as they did at first.' 
 
 After a long skirmLsli the Cavaliers fled, 
 having many killed and wounded. Only six or 
 seven of Captain Johnson's men needed the aid 
 of a surgeon. The defences of Newport were 
 but weak, and Carisbrooke Castle was in sad 
 want of ammunition and other necessaries. 
 The Earl of Pembroke was ordered to proceed 
 thitlier at once, and he accordingly started from 
 Wiltshire on Monday, August 2yth. On August 
 18th there were seven men-of-war, all of great 
 force, blockading Portsmouth. In this squadron 
 there were the Paragon, the Cn'sar, the Black 
 Jame!<, and four others. A letter from someone 
 on board the Paragon says that the greatest 
 harmony was the thundering of cannon both by 
 day and night. On the arrival of the anxiously- 
 expected land forces a general attack both by 
 sea and land was to take place. Desertions 
 from the garrison, which the worthy seaman 
 estimated at 200, were of nightly occurrence. 
 There were 100 guns mounted upon the works ; 
 only troops to man them were wanting. One 
 ship of war was commanded by a Scotch noble- 
 man, who, throughout the operations, did good 
 service. On Tuesday, August IGth, he sent out 
 his long boat and took prisoners Capt. Torney, 
 the Governor of " Cowes Castle,'' and two other 
 gentlemen, one of whom was brother to the 
 Earl of Portland. They being safely secured, 
 a body of seamen was landed, who took posses- 
 sion of the Castle, placing in it a garrison favour- 
 able to the Parliament. This same Scotch 
 nobleman kept back provisions from Ports- 
 mouth, and captured a boat going to the 
 Island laden with light horses, saddles, 
 and equipments for the use of Cavaliers. 
 The boatman saying tliat his fare was 
 nine .sliillings, this active commander paid 
 him, telling him at the .same time that if he 
 would bring the horses also alongside, he would 
 give him anotlier freight. This nobleman went 
 on shore and tlireatened Captain Newland, •' a 
 great, fat tall m;in of a very licathenisli be- 
 haviour,'" who liail sent some corn to the garrison 
 of Portsmoutli, tliat if he offended again ho 
 .should be sent up to the Parliament as a prisoner. 
 "A captaiiio that is jiossessod of a casth* near 
 
 the Cows" persuaded the countrjanen to bring 
 in their arms for safe keeping against the 
 Cavaliers. Having got possession of them, ho 
 declined to .surrender them until the ubiquitous 
 Scotcli nobleman threatened to batter the castle 
 about his ear.s. This threat had the desired 
 effect. Ships" guns were landed for the purpose 
 of battering Portsmouth, and a naval brigade, 
 400 strong, took part in the operations whicl) 
 compelled the surrender of Carisbrooke Castle. 
 The Countess of Portland, who held command 
 there during the enforced absence of her husband, 
 and who, as we have already seen, displayed con- 
 siderable courage, was permitted to occupy a 
 few rooms in the castle, and was at length 
 indebted to the kindness of some seamen foi* 
 the means of leaving tlie island. Colonel Brett, 
 the Govern r of the ca.stle. Master Nicholas 
 Weston, brother to the Earl of Portland, and 
 the garrison received free passes to repair to any 
 part of the island which they might think fit. 
 Captain Browne Busliell was put in charge of 
 the castle by Captain Swanley till further order 
 of Parliament, and on August 27th. l'>42, a 
 letter from Newport thus ends : — 
 
 "So now our whole Island is at peace!"' 
 Colonel Norton at once raised a force of 
 musketeers, who took post at his house at South- 
 wick Park. Some of the trained bands and a 
 force of cavalry from the county speedily 
 assembled, and more were expected. Sir 
 William Waller and Colonel Urrey were each 
 in command of a troup of hor.se, and •• there are 
 some 20 firelocks tliat look like despermto 
 soldiers.' Colonel Goring ni.ide a proclamation 
 that all women and children who were afraid 
 should leave tlic town by noon on the following 
 Sunday, and good cause had women to quit 
 Portsmouth when troopers like his held sway in 
 it. Terrible indeed are the accounts given by 
 ancient jouruali.stic scribes, too bad, indeed, to 
 be quoted lierc ! 
 
 Of the 2<)il men said to compose the garrison 
 on August l,")th, it was believed that fully one 
 half would at once desert if opportunity offered-. 
 One man who went to sell his l)Uttor at Ports- 
 mouth was forcibly inipres.sed, and there wore 
 many similar cases. Lord Wentworth was at 
 Portsmouth, " and some say Lord Goring: liow- 
 ever his soul is there we may be as.sured."' 
 
 Colonel Goring sent an officer to Salisbury 
 witli a party of '.iO or 40 hoi-se. in search of 
 plunder and reinforcements, but on thoir arrival 
 they were all ciii>tnrod ami impiisoni'd
 
 tn 
 
 Pll,I.A(ilN(; IN PonTSKA AM) PoRTSMOl'I II. 
 
 Onu'I, iiuli'c'd, w;iH tlu! pilLifjinp of Portaca 
 Tslc, wliit'li had then 'JOOO acrca of atauding corn 
 upon it. One tlionsand caltlo and more than 
 a thousand ahcop were cairicd oH by the all- 
 devouring garrison. Bread, cheeao, bacon, and 
 evcrjthing sliared the same fate, the plunderers 
 not even leaving half loaves behind them for the 
 starving population. The owners were obliged 
 to drive their own cattle within the walls, and 
 were then themselves retained for military 
 service. 
 
 On Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, 
 August 10-12, this plundering was at its 
 worst. To aid the miserable rustics, the Earl of 
 AVarwick landed men from the blockading 
 .squadron at the cast end of Portsea Isle, w-ith 
 two guns. Goring's horse were thus held in 
 salutary check, whilst the seamen ferried numer- 
 ous women and children over to Hayling Island. 
 About200sheep and 1 OOcattle were also taken over 
 to the same place of refuge, ropes being thrown 
 over the horns of the cattle to make tliem swim 
 after the boats. One hundred and thirty-five 
 quarters of wheat were bound from Faroham to 
 Portsmouth, but one Master Allen, of G-osport, 
 succeeded in stopping the carta upon the road 
 and altering their destination, by the aid of a 
 few watchmen. Great was the rage of Goring. 
 He threatened to bombard and utterly destroy 
 Gosport with tlie gunsof Portsmouth, and it was 
 only after the humble prayer of the Mayor and 
 others, upon their knees, that he consented to 
 desist from his purpose for the sake of the 
 women and children dwelling there. As it was, 
 be terrified the Gosport people exceedingly. 
 His gunner, Meader by name, had already fled 
 from the town, but he summoned '-a can- 
 noneer," and ordered him to fire at Gosport. 
 Upon his refusal the Colonel threatened to run 
 liim through, whereupon he shot, '' but it was 
 over the houses, and did no harm." 
 
 But deliverance was at hand for the un- 
 h^PPJi plundered dwellers in Portsmouth and 
 Portsea Island. About G.O p.m. on Friday, 
 August 15th. 1G42, twenty soldiers made an 
 attack upon Portbridge. not knowing what re- 
 sistance they would meet with. They found 
 but eight men on guard, one or two of whom 
 were taken prisoners, the rest making their 
 escape. One who saw the attack said that it 
 would make a faint-hearted man a soldier to 
 see their spirit and resolution. Colonel Hurry 
 and Sir William Waller behaved themselves 
 bravely on this occasion. The attack would 
 
 have taken place before if the weather had not 
 been very wet, confining the besieging forces 
 to their quarters at Southwi'.k and Havant. 
 This success not a little encouraged the friondB 
 of the Parliament, and further measures wore 
 at once taken. 
 
 Captain Browne Bushcll, a very active com- 
 mander, held a consultation with Captains 
 Martin and .Swanlcy as to the possibility of cut- 
 ting out the Henrietta Maria pinnace from under 
 the guns of Portsmouth. They agreed with 
 him that the enterprise was feasible, though the 
 service was desperate and beset with difficulties. 
 Nothing daunted, and encouraged by the taking 
 of Portbridge, Captain Browne Bushcll the 
 same night manned some long boats, and under 
 cover of the darkness pulled for the Hertrletto 
 Maria. She had a crew of 14 men, two of whom 
 were officers, according to Goring's account, 
 and Goodwin, the master, was suspected in the 
 garrison of Parliamentarian leanings. On the 
 other hand, the newspaper account says that she 
 mounted eight bravo pieces of ordnance, and 
 had forty soldiers on board, being fitted for 
 service. Goring says that the pinnace sur- 
 rendered without receiving a blow, but his op- 
 ponents say that the crew were overpowered and 
 driven below. At any rate the capture was com- 
 plete. Sail was at once made, and the Henrietta. 
 Maria began to stand out of the ;-.rbour. 
 When out of range of the batteries two ships 
 were descried, laden with corn for the garrison, 
 which were summoned to suri-endcr. and at 
 once struck their colours. Four daj-s pre- 
 viously the blockading squadron had intercepted 
 a ship, on boai'd of Avhich were several hundred 
 barrels of powder and 41 '"most stately horse." 
 The steeds were forthwith sent to London. 
 
 On Saturdaj-, August 16th, Colonel Norton's 
 forces marched from Portbridge almost to the 
 gates of Portsmouth, whereupon Colonel Goring 
 sent out two guns loaded with musket bullets, 
 and two gunners to guard one of his guns, 
 which he had been obliged to leave behind a 
 mile distant from Portbridge, when he withdrew 
 his guns on the preceding Wednesday. Watch- 
 ing his opportunity, a Parliamentary trooper 
 rode between the guns and the town, his carbine 
 being charged Avith two bullets, and shot one of 
 the gunners, he himseif escaping uninjured. 
 Many now began to desert to the besiegers, 
 offering to prove their sincerity- by serving in 
 forlorn hopes against the town. A contingent 
 from Chichester had reached Portsmouth, who
 
 State oi- Chichester. 
 
 41 
 
 treated the toTrnsmcn with considerable severity. 
 On August 17th there were said to be only 80 
 or 90 horses and no great strength of men in 
 the town, wliilst the Parliament had under its 
 command •24(1 tioopers and .^Ol) infantry. The 
 town was well provisioned, and ammunition was 
 plentiful. Numerous were the devices em- 
 ployed to coiivey intelligence from the be- 
 leaguered town. A woman was caught at Poit- 
 bridge carrying a Inindlc Avhich looked like a 
 baby, in the head of which was a black box full 
 of letters. About 5.0 p.m., on Saturday, 
 August IGtIi, a suit of clothes was intercepted 
 at Havant, going to Mr. Bellingham. in Ports- 
 mouth, with ten letters sewn up in tlio linings. 
 The man carrying it was detained, togetlier 
 with his horso. Letters from Loid "Wvutworth 
 and others in Portsmouth likewise fell into 
 Norton's hands. 
 
 The Royalists at Chichester we:c in the 
 meantime not idle in seeking to aid their 
 friends at Portsmouth. On August the 
 19th Sir Thomas Boycr, Sir William Morley, 
 Mr. Lewknor, the Recorder, and others 
 demanded the city magazine for the ser- 
 vice of the King. Captain Chitty, a staunch 
 adherent of the Parliament, refused to surrender 
 it, and placed a strong guard over it. Mr. 
 Lewknor and the clergy of the Cathedral made 
 overtures to Colonel Goring, who asked them 
 to aid him to the utmost of their power. One 
 Mr. Bellingham, a young gentleman, rode fully 
 armed from Chichester to Portsmouth. He 
 afterwards tried to make his escape from the 
 garrison, keeping a boat in readiness, for which 
 ho paid 5s. per diem. The Rev. Mr. Bringsted, 
 parson of Havant, ''a most pestilent man," had 
 sent a light horse to Portsmouth. For this 
 Colonel Xorton made him pay dearly. Ti n 
 light horse were quartered on him, "and litrly 
 one of the Scotsmen, being aggrieved with liiin. 
 fell upon him, basted him well-favouredly. ami 
 fain he would be gone ; but they will not let 
 him. So he is forced to stay, waits upon them 
 daily, gives them good words, and tells them 
 that he will gladly lie out of his own bed to 
 make them room !" 
 
 On August lOth a letter brought in with diffi- 
 culty from the King, promising relief, had 
 greatly cheered the garrison, but communication 
 with the outer world became day by day more 
 difficult. ''Three gallant gentlewomen" tried to 
 get a boat for Stokes Bay. They failed to reach 
 their destination, and were brought back in a 
 
 friendly manner to Sir Thomas Boycr's house- 
 in his coach. Having no man with them, they 
 Avere strongly suspected to be men in women's 
 apparel. Tiiose were evidently not times for 
 ladies to travel alone. At Havant a traveller 
 was caught with letters from Portsmouth con- 
 cealed in liis boots. The letters were taken from 
 him and given to Colonel Norton, who sent out 
 '•a few lusty men with muskets" to arrest the 
 messenger. Anotlier envoy coming from 
 Chicliester to Portsmoutii through bye lanes 
 was met by apparently a most boorish rustic, 
 who proved to be an officer in di.<guise, and whti 
 carried him and his despatches to Colonel 
 Norton, at Soutbwick. 
 
 On August 'J .th Chichester declared for the 
 Parliament, but. the Cavaliers there continued 
 to intrigue, the Cathedral clergy being especially 
 active. The power of the pulpit was ener- 
 getically used on behalf of the King. Parlia- 
 ment at once ordered that all Popisli recusants, 
 all who should put in force the King's Com- 
 mission of Array, or any who should furnish 
 horses, arms, monej-, tic, to the King should be 
 disarmed. Dr. Hinsham, a Prebendary of 
 Chichester, sent a load of wheat to the Ports- 
 mouth garrison, and there was dailj' drilling in 
 the Close of light cavalry raised b3'tlic Cathedral 
 clergy. The Mayor, 3Ir. "William Cawley, firmly 
 refused to listen to any Royalist overtures what- 
 ever m ide to him by the Bisliop and clergy. 
 
 On Friday, August "JOth, information was 
 given to both Houses of Parliament of a ship 
 coming from St. Domingo with a cargo, valued 
 at G00,000/. Her name was the Saiicia Clnra. 
 and she was laden with silver, cocliineal, &c. 
 Prevented from entering Portsmouth liarbour 
 by the Earl of "Warwick's squadron she was. 
 according to Cavalier opinion, treacherously 
 carried into Southampton by Captain Bennett 
 Strafford. The cargo was seized by ord(.r of 
 the Parliament and sent up to Lon<h)n, the 
 silver alone requiring three waggons and a cart 
 to convey it to the Guildhall, in charge of 
 Major Burrell and a troop of horse. Don 
 Alonco de Cardenes. the Spanish Ambassador, 
 remonstrated, and on January 'Jnd, KU.'i, the 
 King i.ssned a proclamatinn, warning all hissub- 
 jects against illegal handling «)f the silver, &c., 
 in question. The ultimate fate of this prize 
 money does not appear. 
 
 On August 'J7th the siege works at Ports 
 mouth wi re almost ready to open fire. Strong 
 forts hail been const rticted, which commanded
 
 •\'I 
 
 Cai'Ii i;i: oi- Stu riisi;.\ (jahtlk. 
 
 the town, and from Avliicli it wouM he easy io 
 batter tlie walls. Ow this day a soldier •' much 
 drunk" found moans to pass the line of the 
 l)esiegers' sentries, thinking to take the town 
 single-handed. With a lantern and candle in 
 liis liand he advanced, the gan-ison firing more 
 than 40 cannon shot in tlic direction of the light, 
 all of which nii.sscd him, " but he .ijiproaching 
 nearer the walls was laid asleep witli a musket 
 shot!"' Letters wore intercepted showing that 
 the Chichester Cavaliers were sti'ongly bent 
 upon the relief of Portsmoutli. 
 
 On August 29th a messenger from Portsmouth 
 lirought up to the House of Commons a Romish 
 I)riest, two other ministers, and the Town Clerk 
 of Portsmoutli, who were committed to various 
 prisons until further order. 
 
 On Satiirday, August 27th, Colonel Goring's 
 trumpets from within the town sounded twice 
 for a parley, Avhich took place on the following 
 day. Colonel Goring ••entertained the Com- 
 missioners very nobly, and carried himself like a 
 gentleman." He asked leave to send a mes 
 senger to the King, askiug for relief by a certain 
 day. Failing such relief, he expressed his will- 
 ingness to resign his allegiance to the King, and 
 to hold the town for the Parliament, as he had 
 previously done. He refused to surrender at 
 once without orders from the King, and the 
 parley closed u itliout result, Goring threatening 
 to hold out to tiie last. That night the cavalry 
 of the garrison attacked the besiegers, but were 
 repulsed. Their leader was slain, tw^o men 
 were wounded, two taken, together wdth three 
 of the best horses, and the whole party was 
 chased back to the gates. One estimate con- 
 sidered the number of soldiers in the town at 
 this date to be 300. The want of salt and corn 
 now began to make itself felt in the garrison, 
 and the Parliament despatched 1000 soldiers 
 into Hampshire, who as they marched found 
 profitable amusement in pillaging the houses of 
 any whom they chose to consider Papists, and 
 making them fly. Sir John Meldrum gained 
 considerable credit as an enguieer for his con- 
 struction of batteries against Portsmouth at 
 this time. The soldiers of tlie garrison, dis- 
 appointed of relief, Avere on the point of mutiny, 
 and their discontent was still further increased 
 when batteries from Gosport, one of which may 
 still be seen upon the beach, opened fire on 
 September 2nd, and continued their bombard- 
 ment until the morning of Sunday. September 
 oth. 
 
 On Saturday, Septcmb r 4th, after long con- 
 ference and di.scussion, Colonel Norton decided 
 to attempt South.sea Castle, then considered to 
 be the strongest fort in England for its size. It 
 was surrounded by a wall tliree or four yards 
 in thickness and about 30 feet in height. The 
 moat was three or four yards deep and five yards 
 Iiroad. The Castle mounted 14 guns, all of 
 which, with the exception of two, were 12- 
 pounders, besides other .smaller pieces of 
 artillery. '• It hath dainty chamber.s fit to 
 entertain a Prince." Another account .says 
 that there were nine or ten guns actually in 
 position, and as many more ready for mounting. 
 The Governor of the Castle was Challendcr, a 
 suspected Roman Catholic. On this Saturday 
 night he remained in Portsmouth carousing 
 with Colonel Goring until 11.0p.m. 
 
 The storming party consisted of two troops 
 of horse and 4u0 infantry, who were provided 
 with 20 scaling ladders. Marching from their 
 cjuarters about 1.0 a.m. on Sunday morning, 
 singing psalms as they went, the garrison of 
 Portsmouth opened a random fire upon them, 
 which did no harm. At 2.0 a.m. they arrived 
 within a couple of bow shots from the Castle, 
 and halted for an hour. Meanwhile a feigned 
 attack upon Portsmouth from Gosport was in 
 progress. Two men w^ere killed in the town, 
 and in addition " we heard a very pitiful lamen- 
 tation." At 3.0 a.m. the storming party ad- 
 vanced, and got between the Castle and the sea, 
 as all the guns were pointed landward. They 
 then jumped into the moat, some men falling 
 and hurting themselves. Capt. Bushell and a 
 trumpeter then went to the Castle, and stand- 
 ing upon the bridge the Captain ordered the 
 trumpeter to sound a parley. The parley com- 
 menced, the assailants offering fair quarter to 
 the garrison. Governor Challendcr, •• being 
 something in drink, and wiihal newly awakened 
 out of his deep sleep" .suggested that if they 
 would kindly defer their visit until the morn- 
 ing he would take the m;itterinto consideration. 
 The infantry then scaled the walls, Challendcr 
 begging quarter for himself, lieutenant, ensign, 
 and small garrison. This was granted, and the 
 garrison was disarmed, without the loss of a 
 man on either side. Challendcr, nothing loth, 
 at once began to drink the health of the King 
 and Parliament with his new friends, whom he 
 requested to fire three guns as a signal to Goring 
 that the Castle was taken.
 
 Sir.itENDKi; i>r Poirr.sMorni. 
 
 43 
 
 Goring replied with at least 30 shot, one of 
 which narrowly missed the leader of the storm- 
 ing party. Ten men retieated beliind a piece 
 of timber upon the drawbridge, wliicli was im- 
 mediately afterwards struck by shot. No one 
 was, however, injured. Some 80 men were left 
 to keep the Castle for the Parliament, and a 
 mutiny at once broke out in Portsmouth. The 
 Mayor, a lieutenant, an ensign, and many 
 soldiers fled from the town, and nearly all the 
 rest of the garrison threw down their arms. 
 Only some GO were still willing to fight, most 
 of whom were gentlemen and their servants. 
 Avho were unskilled in the use of muskets and 
 in the working of heavy gunS. Colom.l Goring 
 therefore sent a drummer to solicit a pai ley, and 
 surrendered Portsmouth on the foHouing con- 
 ditions : — Two companies of Parliament troops 
 were to be posted in the town about il.O a.m.. 
 on September 7th, for the prevention of dis- 
 
 order and the safety of the magazine. The 
 garrison to have free passes to any place except 
 to an army in arms against tlio Parliament, with 
 horses, swords, and pistols, but with Jio other 
 anns. Twenty days to be allowed for the 
 journey. All stores to be delivered up un- 
 injured. Free pa.«scs, without ai ms. to be granted 
 to those wishing to proceed beyond sea. Those 
 belonging to the old garrison of Portsmouth to 
 remain or depart at their pleasure. An amnesty 
 to be granted to all except deserters from the 
 Parliament. The magazine to bo left uninjured. 
 Carriages to be provided on payment, if re- 
 quired, for tho.'JC leaving the town. The 
 prisoner.s.on botli sides to be released, except 
 tiiosc that are u. be sent up to the Parliament. 
 The Governor, if he wishes, to send a gentle- 
 man elected by him to the King. After the 
 capitulation Colonel Goring, as we already 
 know, took ship for Holland.
 
 ClIAl'TKR VII. — OlTRACiKS IN \V 1 1.1 Sll 1 Ki:. — SuiUtENDER OF FaUNU.V.M AM) WlN<nE.STr.U. 
 — SOUTIIAMI'TON T)l.( r.AIJKS ItjR THE PaRMAMENT. 
 
 Whilst Colonel Goring was fighting at Ports- 
 mouth, some of his friends had been trying to 
 aid him by making various plundering forays 
 in the neighbouring county of Wiltshire. After 
 the surrender of Portsmouth, the Earl of Pem- 
 broke proceeded to deal summarily with these 
 disturbers of the public peace. We have already 
 noted his departure for the Isle of Wight. 
 Having reduced that portion of his government 
 to tranquillity he returned towards Wiltshire at 
 the close of September. Cavalier marauding in 
 those districts was at its height on October 1st, 
 1642, but was speedily destined to receive a 
 severe check. The Earl of Pembroke brought 
 with him from Hampshire three hundred horse 
 and foot, and was joined on his march by some 
 of the trained bands. On October 4th, at 
 some place unspecified by the annalist, he found 
 himself confronted by Lord Coventry and 1000 
 Cavaliers. The contest was short, but decisive, 
 forty Cavaliers being slain and 10 captured, 
 Lord Coventry himself escaping in disguise. 
 Ten men were lost by the Parliament, and the 
 Earl, having '-settled that county in a very good 
 posture and peaceable condition." returned 
 home to Wilton House on October 13th, with 
 much honour. A week later the three counties 
 of Berks, Hants, and Surrey were raising troops 
 of Dragoons, some of which had already reached 
 Windsor Castle, whilst others were on their 
 march thither, intending to fortify it on behalf 
 of the Parliament. Throughout the war the 
 excesses committed by those who, rightly or 
 wrongly, styled themselves Royalist partisans 
 did much to strengthen the cause of the Parlia- 
 ment in these counties. 
 
 Hampshire men of those days were by no 
 means devoid of either military spirit or experi- 
 ence. Only three years before the county had 
 sent forth, at the King's command, against the 
 Scottish foe 1000 foot and 100 horse, and in ' 
 
 1G40 no fewer than 1*200 Hampshire soldiers 
 marched beneath the banner of the Earl of 
 Northumberland, stout old Sir Jacob Astley 
 commanding another hundred meanwhile. 
 These military companies seem to have been 
 considerably wanting in discipline, for on Octo- 
 ber 11th, 1042, a letter written to Lord Grey 
 by Lord Stourton was read in the House of 
 Lords, complaining of " the great unruliness of 
 the soldiers in Hampshire," especially finding 
 fault with the infantry, who were then on the 
 march betwe-n London and Portsmouth. The 
 unfortunate nobleman complained that he had 
 been plundered of his property, and that the 
 robbers had threatened him with repeated 
 visits. He therefore asked for protection to his 
 house, stating that in Wiltshire also the soldiers 
 had paid him four most unwelcome visits. On 
 two occasions he bribed them to depart. Once 
 they came to the number of 300, hacking and 
 hewing at his gates, and vowing that they 
 would, if refused admittance, cut the throats of 
 men, women, and children indiscriminately. 
 The county trained bands were usually about 
 GOO in number, but on October 10th, 1G42, those 
 of London obtained permission to double their 
 effective strength. The Committee for the De- 
 fence of tlie Kingdom were ordered e 
 Upper House to afford haplcs.'^Lord Stourton all 
 necessary protection. Soldie: s who had been 
 wounded or maimed in the service of the Par- 
 liament used to attend daily at the Savoy Hos- 
 pital to receive the aid of a physician and certain 
 surgeons. These sufferers were allowed 8d. per 
 diem till cured. 
 
 On November Gth the Earl of Essex was 
 ordered to draw out his army at once to check 
 the plundering of Rupert and his troopers. On 
 the 24th of the month Prince Rupert was in bed 
 suffering from an attack of measles, but squad 
 rons and parties of horse were sent every day
 
 SURKENDER OF FaRMIAM AM) Wl.\( IIK.SJKR. 
 
 45 
 
 into Hampshire, roturiiing to Reading and 
 Oxford with liostagcs and prisoners. Sheep, oxen, 
 horses, carts laden with corn, and plunder of 
 every kind were to be met with in many a 
 country lane. Chicliester was at this time very 
 weak in defences, but early in November, 1G4'J, 
 the inhabitants presented a petition to Parlia- 
 ment expresshe of their willingness to fortify 
 the city. Permission was at once granted, and 
 the citizens were allowed to retain seven guns 
 with which thoy had lieen furnished by Sir Wil- 
 liam Lewis, the Governor of Portsmouth. Ten 
 ban-els of powder wei-e also ordered to be issued 
 from the magazine at Portsmouth for the de- 
 fence of Chichester. £1000 had been collected 
 for tlio payment of the Portsmouth garrison 
 whilst Goring held command in the town. This 
 sum was now handed over to Sir W. Lewis to 
 be paid to his soldiers. A year's pay for the 
 garrison amounted at this time to ;';030/. 
 
 On Xovember 1 8th the Commis.sion of Array, 
 as attempted to be carried out in Sussex by Sir 
 Edward Ford, the Royalist High Sheriff, was 
 declared to be illegal, and he himself was to be 
 arrested as speedily as possible. The Commis- 
 sion of Array was declared to be illegal through- 
 out Sussex, and Captain Ambrose Trayton was 
 ordered by Parliament to raise and command 
 200 men. volunteers or otherwise, for the 
 defence of Lewes. One-iifth of the proposi- 
 tion-money, plate, &c., collected in Lewes was 
 to be applied to the protection of the town, 
 and the security of the public faith was 
 offered to all Sussex men willing to lend 
 money or plate to the Parliament. 
 
 On Wednesday, Xovember 30th, Farnham 
 Castle was taken by Colonel Brown and his 
 Dragoons, in the manner already described in 
 these pages. Eighty, or, according to another 
 account, 1'20 prisoners taken on this occasion 
 were sent to Windsor Castle, and from thence 
 to London, in carts which were hired for tluir 
 conveyance. Forty of them arrived in London 
 on December 1st without having suffered the 
 loss of any of their clothes. Distributed 
 amongst various prisons, they were released 
 next day, and every man of them had money 
 given him. Very different treatment to that 
 received by prisoners on both sides at later 
 periods of the war ! Winchester House, in 
 St. ]\Lary Ovcries, Southwark, was taken as 
 a prison for Cavaliers on Xovember 14th ; 
 Lord Pctrc's house in Aldcrsgatc-strect, and 
 
 the Eisliop of London's house, near St. Paul's 
 being similarly appropriated on Januarv ;')th 
 1643. 
 
 On December 17th, IGIJ, Winchester sur- 
 rendered, as we have already seen. Contem- 
 porary accounts give certain additional details. 
 On the preceding IHth of Xovember the Corpo- 
 ration had voted money for •• swords, bullets, and 
 providing the Citie amies." Two Reginuuts of 
 Foot which belonged to the King's Life GuanJ 
 made a sortie from the city, and were nearly all 
 captured, and SirWilliamWalkr reports " we cut 
 oft' two regiments, one of horse, another of dra- 
 gooneers, GOO of which weie gallant In^r.-e. We 
 began our fight five miles wide of Winchester, 
 toward Salisbury way, in pursuit whereof we 
 took fifty commanders, besides Viscount Grandi- 
 son, and killed divers, but the number wc know 
 not. The city joined against us, yet. pursuing 
 them into it, we took them all piisoner.s. and 
 when tlicy were taken they gave us all the gold 
 and silver they had, and the city conjpoundeil 
 with us for liUlO/." Cornet Sterly, who was 
 present, writes that Winchester offered :iOU.J/. 
 to be saved from pillnge. One account s:iys that 
 Lord Grandi.son, Gj other officers and com- 
 manders, 10)0 foot, GOO hor.se. 200 dragoons, and 
 GOO arms fell into the hands of Sir William 
 Waller. Lord Grandi.son had the rank of 
 Lieut. -General in t!ie King's army. Ho w.is 
 afterwards mortally wounded at ' Bristol on 
 July -JGth. 1G4;{. 'Dying at Oxfi.r.l on Sep- 
 tember li'Jth, 1G4;5, he was there Ijuried beneath 
 a stately monument in Christ Ciiureh Cathedral. 
 One who took part in the assault says : — •• The 
 most part of our regiment assaulteil the city at 
 one side of it, where the wall was broken down. 
 The greatest part of the opposition was from 
 the townsmen, who have since sufficiently paid 
 for it (for they hive been the greatest oppo.scrs 
 of us), having been plundered by our uniuly 
 soldiers. We stood in arms all that night." 
 
 The writer goes on to admit, with cvi<lcnt 
 di.'sgu.st. that the prisoners were despoiled, con- 
 traiy to tlie artidesof capitulation, oven of their 
 clotlies, '• four or five pulling at one cloak like 
 hounds at the log of a dead horse." (JoM was 
 given to the soldiers by the hapless Civalieis by 
 the iiandful, and Co: mt Sterly says that only 
 the officers were retained, all tli'e rest being 
 stripped and sent away. The writer of the 
 above (juoted letter speaks of •• many other dis- 
 orderly passages." and says that only lii^ zeal
 
 46 
 
 S(M riiAMi'i'DN l)i:( f.Aui.s loi: iiii; Paim.iamknt. 
 
 for the riglit cause preventcil his quitting the 
 jirniy. Cornot Storly givcH the l)Ost list of 
 prisoners, wlioae iianios wore, according to him, 
 as follows : Colonel Lord (Jrandison, Sir Ricliard 
 Willis, Sir John Smith, Major Ilaybornc, 
 Captains (larrct. Honcywood, Barty, Booth, 
 Brandling, Wren, Bcckonhcar ; Lieutenants 
 Williamson. Rogers, Elvcrton, Rodliam, Booth, 
 Cornets Bonnet, Savage, Ruddry, Gwynn, and 
 Bradlines. The county gentlemen taken with 
 tlic Cavaliers were : Sir John Mills, Sir Tliomas 
 Phillips and his brother, Sir Francis Powre ; 
 Masters Ranford, Saunders, Griffin, Foylc, and 
 his son, Powlct, and his son. Some of the 
 prisoners taken at Winchester were confined at 
 I'ortsmouth, whilst others were committed to 
 tlie charge of Ur. Layton, the keeper of the 
 Lanibetli House Prison. On February '24th, 
 104;'), it ■was ordered tliat all standards "which 
 had been or sliould hcreiiftcr be taken by the 
 forces of the Parliament sliould be committed 
 to the care of W. Riley, Esq., Lancaster Herald 
 at Arms at the Herald's College. 
 
 Winchester Castle, which played no unimpor- 
 tant part in many a Hampshire contest, is .said 
 by ]\Iilner and others to have been about 8oU 
 feet in length north and south, and 250 feet in 
 brcadtli, east and west, becoming much narrower 
 at its northern extremity, where a wall that 
 followed the slope of the ditch united it to the 
 West-gate. The keep was about 100 feet 
 square, and connected by a wall with the 
 southern defences of the city. It was flanked 
 by four towers, one at each corner, and another 
 tower above the entrance faced the north. The 
 main gate of the castle faced the west, and 
 stood ucai' the centre of the west front of the 
 more modern King's house. Directly opposite, 
 on the other side of the ditch, was a strong 
 barbican or turret, in which a guard was posted, 
 and infront of which was the place of execution. 
 Square towers at intervals looked down into 
 the moat, wliirh was of varying deptli. but 
 
 which near the keep must have been at least 
 100 feet deep and as many wide. There was a 
 good deal of anxiety felt at Southampton at this 
 time. Master Goter sent a letter to a merchant 
 of good quality in Lombard-street, on Dec. 0th, 
 1(542, from which we learn that Captain Richard 
 Swanlcy, an active partisan of the Parliament, 
 had summoned the Mayor and Corporation to 
 decide as to their future course, telling them 
 that on December 3rd, 1042, he was in posses- 
 sion of Calshot Castle, and had disabled Xutley 
 (Nctley) and St. Andrew's Castles, having also 
 sto])pcd the boats going with provisions to 
 Southampton from the Isle of AVight and 
 Hythe. Calshot Castle had a chief captain in 
 receipt of Is. 8d. per diem, an under captain, 
 four soldiers at 8d., one porter at 8d., and eight 
 gunners at Gd. each per diem. The whole 
 annual expenditure Avas 107/. 7s. Od., whilst St. 
 Andrew's Point fortress was maintained for 
 85/. 3s. 4d. per annum. Southampton had been 
 for the levying of shipmoncy assessed at 195/.. 
 Winchester paying 11)0/., Portsmouth GO/., 
 Basingstoke (JO/., and Romsey 30/. The whole 
 county was required to provide one ship of GOO 
 tons burden, with a crew of 2G0 men, at a cost 
 of G()00/. The Parliament had many friends in 
 the town, and when Prynnc and Burton landed 
 at Southampton, on November 28th, 1G40, after 
 their release from their prison in the Channel 
 Islands, they were escorted in triumph through 
 the town towards London. The Mayor and 
 some of the richer burgesses were, however, 
 inclined to favour the Royal cause, and when 
 Captain Swanlcy's letter was read an animated 
 discussion took place. The result, however, was 
 that a deputation was sent to Portsmouth to 
 declare that the town would henceforth submit 
 to the authority of the Parliament. " Yet 
 every man underwrit it not ; it was thought 
 that Swanley would have come up the river 
 with his ships, and beat the town about our
 
 Chaptkh VUl. — Rival Paktii:s in Sussex — Thk Cai'Tlke of Aku.ndkl ami (iin iii>i i h. 
 — Dkskcratkjn or Ciiuucincs. — HAMrsiiiui-: Dickencks. 
 
 Wo must now march with victorious Sir Wil- 
 liam Waller for awhile over tlie pleasant Sussex 
 Downs, taking with us as most trusty and 
 withal right pleasant guides W. H. Blaauw, 
 Esq., M.A., F.S.A., and G. Hillier, Esq., who have 
 most successfully investigated the whole sub- 
 ject. Nor shall the Rev. H.D.Gordon be left out, 
 who has also laboured in tlie same field. Through 
 the exceeding kindness of J. Dudmcy, Esq., 
 Secretary of tlie Sussex Arclueological Society, 
 and Mr. St. Leger Blaauw, who liave aided me 
 greatly, we need not dread losing our way in 
 any historic by-road. Sussex had shown its 
 loyalty in 1G40, when the clergy of the diocese 
 contributed '36i)l. IGs., and the county sent 040 
 foot and SO horse to swell the ranks of the 
 army which marched against the invading Scots. 
 But on February 17th, 1G43, there was an 
 ominous sounding petition sent up to tlic House 
 of Commons praying for " a thorough reforma- 
 tion of religion " in the county. Arundel and 
 Chichester took opposite sides. _Tlie former, 
 together with Portsmouth and Winchester, was 
 in safe Cavalier keeping, but Chiclicster was 
 devoted to tlic Parliament, being considerably 
 under the influence of a great brewer, William 
 Cawley by name, whose memory is still pre- 
 served by " Cawley 's Lane," at Rumboldswyke, 
 where lie possessed certain broad linds. The son 
 of an Alderman of Chichester, he sat in Parlia- 
 ment, llrst for Midhurst. and afterwards for his 
 native city, steadily opposing the King when- 
 ever opp(n-tunity oltered, and resisting all 
 Royalist overtures. He signed the King's 
 death warrant, but represented Chichester in the 
 Convention Parliament of KJljO. Being ex- 
 empted from pardon at the Restoration, he died 
 in exile in Switzerland, his estates being granted 
 to the Duke of York. Lewes was represented 
 in Parliament by Colonel Herbert Morley, who 
 was a firm Puritan partisan, and possessed im- 
 
 mense influence in the county. On November 
 7th, 1042. the King pul^lishcd a general amnesty 
 for Sussex, from which Colonel Morley and 
 Henry Chittey were specially excepted. 
 
 On Augu.st '2>iih, 104J. it will be remembered 
 that a parley took place between the besiegers 
 of Portsmouth and the beleaguered garri.son. in 
 which !Mr. Christopiier Lewknor tooic part. Ue 
 was the Recorder of Chiclnster, and is stjded 
 " the man appointed by his ^lajesty to take in 
 money and plate on his behalfe."' After the 
 surrender of Portsmouth, (ioring was allowed 
 six days, Lewknor and the other otticers two, to 
 leave Portsmouth. (Joring finished his restles.s 
 life as a Dominican monk in Spain in the year 
 IGGJ. In August. 104-', Chichester was reporte«l 
 to be "in a good state of defence, ami resolve<l 
 to maintain the Protestant religion, but some 
 ill affected persons had plotted to betray the 
 town, and some ministers had made seditious 
 sermons, saying that the irreverent clcrgie ha<l 
 preached down the bishops, and the reverend 
 tradesmen had preached down the dergie.'" 
 When the King's scouts,ten in number.appearod 
 in Hyde Park on November lOtli, and his army 
 was at Brentford, tliere was a general expectation 
 on both sides that it would have turneil towards 
 Chichester, and the party in p<>s.sessinn jirepared 
 for defence. An oriiinance hail bei'U pas.Ht«d 
 for associating the forces in the four couiiticM 
 of Hami)shire, Surrey. Sus.se.\, and Kent nndt-r 
 Sir W. Waller as' Major-tJeneral, and the 
 Parliamentary journalist states that a p>;iu!a- 
 dread of tlie cruelty <>f the King's army jne- 
 vailed in Chichester. •'Such was the feirc of 
 the townsmen : ye.i, and of the citliedral men 
 too (having heard <tf their plundering at Brain- 
 ford), that they put themselves in armes, and 
 out of their subscribed monies mamtaincd a 
 considerable strength." Cajitain Ambrose 
 Travton was. on N'ovember IHtli. authorised to
 
 IS 
 
 CAriiKi; oi- Aici Nnr.i, 
 
 call ill 'Ji to mtii, or moro if no<;oHs;iry, for the 
 dofoiifo of Lowes, and to coininaiid them. By 
 nil ordinaiico liastily passed on November 21st, 
 Mr. Morley and others were sent down to put 
 Sussex '• into the like posture of defence as is 
 Kent, and to disarm all such as sliall refuse to 
 join with them in securing the county." In 
 West Sussex the Royali.st3 mustered sti'ongly. 
 whilst Colonel Morley was supreme in the 
 Eastern Division. Several of Colonel Morley 's 
 relatives, Sir Edwaid Ford, of Up Park, and 
 many other gentlemen, were on the side of the 
 King. It -was remarked of Sussex, as of other 
 counties in the south and cast of England, that 
 though many of the chief gentry were for the 
 King, yet the fi'celiolders and yeomen being 
 generally on the other side, as often as they 
 attempted to show tlicmselvcs they were 
 crushed and their efforts defeated. Sir Edward 
 Ford had been just made High Sheriff of 
 Sussex, not three daj's old in his place, accord- 
 ing to Vicars, and had offered the King a 
 thousand men. and to undertake the conquest 
 of Sussex, though GO miles in length. 
 
 The Mayor of Chichester (Robert Eaton) had 
 been too loyal to please the prevailing party 
 in the city of Chichester, of which the Bishop 
 and Christopher Lewknor (the Recorder), with 
 many of the clergy, were Royalists, and after 
 publishing the Royal Commission of Array had 
 fled to join the King, though he after-wards, in 
 September, made his peace by paying a fine of 
 150/. His successor, AVilliam Bartholomew, 
 had b.en active on November 2nd in procuring 
 seven pieces of ordnance from Portsmouth, with 
 license to introduce 200 men from the County 
 Militia for the defence of the city against the 
 Cavaliers, but neverthclcssby a concerted move- 
 ment the Royalists assembled in such numbers 
 on Xovember 22nd as to seize the cannon and 
 the magazine, take the city keys away from the 
 Mayor, and imprison some of the trained bands 
 of the enemy. The news of this surprisal was 
 sent up to Colonel Morlej' in Parliament next 
 day. The two M.P.'s for Chichester (Sir W. 
 Morley and Christopher Lewknor) were expelled 
 the House. "An impeachment was ordered 
 November 2.3rd against Sir William Morley, 
 while Sir John Morley and Sir E. Ford were 
 voted delinquents and ordered into custod}." 
 
 The report to Parliament was of course from 
 a hostile pen. Parliament was then also in- 
 formed that •• the county of Sussex is in a great 
 
 combustion, and that there is some thousandH of 
 the Papists and malignants in the county 
 gathered together in Chichester, it being al.so 
 reported that a great nund)er of the Cavaliers 
 arc come in thither to assist tiic Array men in 
 opposing the ordinances of Parliament." In 
 structions were at once given to seize High 
 Sheriir Ford, to exact money from PapistH, and 
 to take other precautions. 
 
 After the surrender of Winchester in Decem- 
 ber, 1G42, Sir AVilliam Waller, in spite of 
 rumours that Prince Rupeil had led 20 troops of 
 horse towards Chichester marched against 
 Aru:;del Castle. A few days previously the 
 forces of the Parliament had gained a consider- 
 able success. On December yth news reached 
 London that the High Sheriff, Sir Edward 
 Ford, when marching from Chichester to Lowes 
 in company with the Earl of Thanet, had 
 ordered all men capable of bearing arms to join 
 him on pain of death, and of having their 
 houses burnt to the ground. Some recruits 
 were obtained by this summary order, but they 
 were by no means zealous for the Royal cause. 
 At Hayward's Heath, some two miles from 
 Cuckfield, the Cavaliers were faced by a some- 
 what less numerous force. Neither part}- had 
 any artillery. The fight began by a fierce attack 
 by the Parliamentarians, and lasted at least one 
 hour. " The fight was performed with their 
 muskets at first, and after some volleys our 
 horse broke into their van, our footmen just at 
 that instant charging courageously into their 
 quarters." The Parliamentarian reserves now 
 came up, and" completed the rout, the Cavaliers 
 losing, it is said, not less than 200 men. The 
 countrj-men who had been forced into Sheriff 
 Ford's ranks threw down their arms and ran 
 away as fast as their legs could carry them to 
 Hurst. Ditchling. and the neighbouring . ..iages. 
 Sir Edward Ford and the Earl of Thanet's 
 horse " flying with all speed up to the not dis- 
 tant doAvns, and so to Wissum (Wiston ■:)tothe 
 Earls house," and from thence to Chichester. 
 The victors marched to secure Lewes. The 
 troops which had taken part in the capture of 
 AVinchester marched from thence to Havant, 
 many deserting on the road, their pay being in 
 arrears, and returning to London, intending 
 there to re-enlist in other regiments. At 
 Havant Sir William Waller and Colonel 
 Ramsay joined them at the head of 2000 men. 
 The prisoners taken at Winchester having been
 
 CaPTL'KK Ol' CUK IlKSTKK. 
 
 49 
 
 safely disposed of at Portsiuouth, and at Lam- 
 beth House, London, tao whole force was ready 
 to march towards Uliichester and Arundel on 
 the morning or Monday, Dec. 17th, when a 
 sudden order was received from the Earl of 
 Essex, recalling Colonels Huncy, Goodwin, and 
 Browne, with four regiments. These troops 
 however, seem to have remained a few days 
 longer under Sir W. "Wallers command. The 
 march into Sussex was by no means unopposed. 
 Tiicre are somewhat vague accounts of a tight 
 " with a great party of the King's army in a 
 great field for seven houis very courageously.'' 
 At length Scrgeant-Major Skippon tame up 
 with eleven troops of lioise, and the Cavaliers 
 fled, many of them being captured, and some 
 200 slain. Tlie loss of the victorious army is 
 said to have been about 40. Sir "William Waller 
 and Colonel Browne,' his energetic second in 
 command, then marched wiih the main body of 
 their troops to Chichester, sending at the same 
 time a detachment of 100 men to make i hem- 
 selves masters of Arundel Castle, which had " a 
 garrison, though not numerous or well provided, 
 as being witliout apprehension of an enemy," 
 and which had been during the previous year 
 abandoned in despair by its owner, Thomas 
 Earl of Arundel, the friend and patron of the 
 artist Hollar. Whilst the remainder kept the 
 Royalist townsmen in check, 3G darij'g spirits 
 assaulted the castle, "which, if well garrisoned, 
 would have been impregnable. Their arrival 
 was unexpected, but the gates of the castle 
 were, nevertheless, closed. Thereupon '" they 
 set a petard to the gate, and blew it open, and 
 so most resolutely entered the ca.stle, surprising 
 all there, amongst whom they took one Sir 
 Ricliard Lcchford and liis son, a great Papist, 
 and one Captain Goulding, raising men and 
 armcs in Sussex to assist the malignants in 
 Chichester, whicli said prisoners," being sent up 
 to London, were speedily placed in durance vile. 
 Another account styles these prisoners Sir 
 Richard Rochford and Mr. Rochford. The 
 capture of 100 hor.se, togetlier with aims and 
 stores, rewarded the victors, who claimed to 
 have captured tliis important stronghold witli 
 out the loss of a man. Weapons liaving br( m 
 sent from London, the Trained Brinds oi" 
 Sussex, wlio had been disarmed l^y Sir Edwanl 
 Ford, the Royalist High Sherift", informed the 
 Parliament tliat tlicy were resolved "to regain 
 and fetch their arms from Chichester, or else to 
 
 lose their lives in the attempt thereof I" They 
 were as good as their word. 
 
 After the fall of Arundel Castle, the fate of 
 Chichester was sealed. The newswriter of the 
 day says of the Royalists: — " Tliese silly per- 
 sons, being deluded with expectation of the 
 Cavaliers to assist them, would gladly submit, 
 if it might be accepted, with .s:ui.-iat.tibn out 
 of their estates. ' Mr. Blaauw says, "Altliough 
 Clarendon speaks of the city as being encom- 
 passed with a very good old wall easy to be 
 fortified (B. vi.), yet soon after Waller and 
 Sir W. Lewis had blockaded it, they informed 
 the Parliament thi't they find it of no great 
 strength to hold out long. " Clarendon thinks 
 it would not have yiekted '• if the common 
 people of the countiy. out of which soldiers 
 were to rise, had been so well all'ected as was 
 believed ;" but he confes.'ses tliat the cause was 
 unpojmlar, and tliat in fact '• their number of 
 common men was so small that the constant 
 duty was performed by the oflRce: sand gentle- 
 men of quality, who were absolutely tired 
 out." Colonel Browne (who is called by Sir 
 Philip Warwick "a woodmonger," and "a 
 man of a clear (ourage and good unders-taud- 
 ing, and very craity," and who was after- 
 wards knighted by Charles II. on account of 
 his civil usage of his father when a prisoner, 
 was during the siege withdrawn to resist a 
 pressing danger at Windsor, leaving Waller 
 only 101 lO hor.se, 300 dragoons, and six guns; 
 but Sir Arthur Haslerig was present, ami was 
 both now, and again in 1G47 when invited by 
 W. Cawley, *' the especial scourge of the 
 city." 
 
 Vicars has, fortunately for postei itytjueservcd 
 in his ForliaiHcntui'ii CIii oniric (pp. ■J34-'J40) 
 Sir W. Waller's own account of tlie siege as 1,'iveu 
 in a lettei written to the Earl of Essex. From 
 tliis letter it appears tliat Sir William was joined, 
 on the cveniug before his arrival at Chichester, 
 by til rec troops of horse and two companies of 
 "Dragoneirs" under the command of Colonel 
 Morb y and Sir Michael Lcvcsey. making his 
 troop.s amount to some GnOO. On his arrival 
 before the town on December 21st. 1G42, tho 
 garrison made a sortie, but were repulst d, ono 
 of their number being slain, and another taken 
 pri-soncr. Tlio besiegers suflend no loss, and 
 secuicd their position "upon a Downe c.iUed tiio 
 Bioils, the onely commamliiig ground about tho 
 towne." The guns of tli< t^wn v, '!.• I'-.t silent,
 
 50 
 
 CaI'TURE of ClIIClIKSTKU. 
 
 and tlK! rest of tho day was spent in the con- 
 Htnu'tion of siogc batteries. AVitli the approval 
 of Sir Artliur Haslerig and other oflicers, Sir 
 William Waller sunuuont'd the garrison to sur- 
 render. A parley took plaee. Says Sir William, 
 " The persons I sent were ]\Iajor Horatio Carey 
 and Captain Catre : the hostages from tiicm 
 were Colonel Lindsay and Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Potter." Sir William Waller demanded an abso- 
 lute surrender of tlie eity, with the giving up of 
 Sir Edward Ford, of all Papists and of all per- 
 sons considered by Parliament as delinquents. 
 The soldiers were to depart without arms ; but 
 officers were to retain their swords and horses, 
 giving a pledge never again to take up arms 
 against the Parliament. 
 
 After long debate, the garrison declined to 
 accede to these terms, but offered to give up 
 any Roman Catholics within the walls. "Where- 
 upon the next day our battery played, but our 
 cannoneers overshot the towne cxtrcmelj'." 
 Cannonading continued, and towards evening 
 the besiegers received a letter from the 
 Earl of Essex, announcing the approach of 
 Prince Rupert. Scouts were immediately sent 
 out, and on the following day Waller brought 
 his guns nearer the town. The suburbs of 
 the West Gate were occupied after a fierce 
 struggle, but the burning with wild-fire of 
 certain houses by the garrison obliged the 
 besiegers to beat a retreat. The garrison also 
 fired some houses at the East Gate, " but we 
 got possession of the Almes Houses, within 
 halfe musket shot of the North Port, and then 
 planted our ordnance very advantagiously, 
 which pliyed through the gate up into the 
 Market Place of the City." Two companies of 
 foot and two troops of horse which Lieut. -Col. 
 Roberts had brought from Arundel took post 
 after vigorous opposition at the South 
 Gate. The suburbs of the East Gate were also 
 occupied by the besiegers, who kept up a brisk 
 fire upon any of the defenders who showed 
 themselves upon the walls. A whole culverin 
 was now placed in position within pistol shot of 
 the East Gate. The West Gate was also to be 
 set on fire, and Sir William intended " to pi'ard 
 a back gate that issued out of the De. lery 
 through the town wall into the fields, and was 
 walled up by a single brick thick." But whilst 
 arrangements were being made for the attack a 
 trumpet was sent out of the city at ten o'clock 
 at night asking for a parley at nine o'clock the 
 
 next morning. This rcfjue.st was granted, and 
 at the appointed hour Sir William lialnidinc 
 and Captain Wolfe were sent from the garrison 
 to treat for a surrender. A cessation of arm.s 
 was agreed upon during the progress of the 
 negotiations, but Sir William Waller declined 
 to grant any more favourable terms than 
 '• Quarter, and with it honourable usage." This 
 being refu.sed, "not without hot indignation," 
 tile besieged prepared to .sell their lives dearly, 
 and Sir William "to proceed roundly and 
 speedily with them." But at the last moment, 
 before the assault, a trumpet was sent out of 
 the city desiring a respite until seven o'clock on 
 the following morning, at which hour a sur- 
 render was agreed upon. In spite of the 
 futile opposition of some of Lord Crawford's 
 Scotch troopers, the city was delivered in 
 the afternoon to Sir AVilliam Waller, 
 " the gates being set open for us 
 and then set fast againe. Then the first thing 
 we did was to release and fully set at libertie 
 all the honest men of the towne whom they had 
 imprisoned, who being thus enlarged, we im- 
 ployed in places of trust in the city.'' La tho 
 evening a train of powder was discovered near 
 Sir William Waller's quarters, but the gunner, 
 on being apprehended, and all tlic Royalist 
 leaders disclaimed all knowledge of tho matter. 
 During the eight days that the siege lasted no 
 rain fell, whichgreatly facilitated the operations 
 of the besiegers, but Mitliin half-an-hour after 
 tho victors had entered the gates there were 
 "continual incessant showor.s.'' Yicars also 
 records with exultation tiiat the surrender took 
 placj at the very time of the observance of a 
 solemn fast. Sir William Waller at once sent 
 up to London Sir Edward Ford, who was soon 
 afterwards released, through the influence of 
 his sister Sarah, who had married the Parlia- 
 mentarian General Ireton. Sir John Morley, 
 Colonel Shelley, Christopher Lewknor. Colonel 
 Lindsay, Lieutenant-Colonel Porter. Sergeant- 
 Major (i.e.. Major) Dawson, and Major Gordon 
 were amongst the prisoners, with some GO other 
 officers and commanders, who were for the most 
 part Scotchmen, " with all their brave horses, 
 which were dainty ones indeed.'" About 400 
 " excellent dragoncers" and three or four 
 hundred infantry laid down their arms. Most 
 of the humbler captives w-ere sent up by sea 
 and speedily imprisoned in London. 
 
 Dr. King also (" a proud Prelate, as all the
 
 Dkhkcration i)f CiirK(iir.s. 
 
 51 
 
 rest are, and a most pragmaticall malignant 
 against the Parliament, as all his catcr-capt 
 companions arc") did not escape. Seventeen 
 captains, thirteen licntenants, and cijrht ensigns 
 were found in tlic garrison. Mr. l^laanw says. 
 '' Tlie Parliamcntaccompaniedtheir thanks with 
 a special charge to the commanders at 
 Chichester ' to be careful of the prisoners ;' and 
 they Avcrc hurried off to London, where they 
 were confined in the de.mery of St. Paul's, and 
 in Lord Petre's house, in Alder.sgate-strcet, 
 until January 11 th, 1G43, when some wen sent 
 to Windsor Castle. Ensigns Richard and 
 Tliomxs Shelley were in INIarch removed from 
 Lord Petre's to Plymouth for security. Lcwknor 
 was kept as a close prisoner, and none allowed 
 to speak to him in private. The prisons often at 
 this period overflowed, and Colonel IMorley was 
 one of a committee ' to dispose of the prisoners, 
 either by sending tlicm to the Indies or other- 
 wise.' Some were kept in vessels at Gravosend, 
 and Colonel Goring was kept in custody at the 
 'Red Lion' Inn. Holborn, even though Parlia- 
 ment considered it not safe, and wished him to 
 be removed to the Tower, but it was courteously 
 resolved that ' Lady Goring shall have liberty 
 to see her son. Colonel Goring, a prisoner to the 
 Parliament, in presence and hearing of his 
 keeper.' He was released March ]2tli. 1G44, by 
 exchange with Lord Lothian." 
 
 Dr. Bruno Reeves, the Dean of Chichester, 
 was fined 120/., and received no benefit from his 
 deanery for many a long year. He has left an 
 account of the damage done to the Cathedral, 
 which was printed in " MorcuriusRusticus." We 
 may add tliat at tlie invitation of IMr. William 
 Cawley a party was sent in the year 1(147, under 
 the comm;ind of Sir Arthur Ilaslerig, to finish 
 the work of destruction, which it w;is alleged 
 had been left incomplete, and they did fini.sli it. 
 Dr. Reeves says that on the day after the sur- 
 render of the city the IMarshal and some other 
 officers entered the vestry, and took possession 
 of the vestments and cliurch plate, leaving " not 
 so much as a cushion for the pulpit, nor a 
 chalice for the Blessed Sacrament. ... As 
 they broke down the organs and dashed tlie 
 pipes with their pole-axes they scoffingly sail. 
 ' Hark, how the organs goe !' " They broke the 
 rail and the Communion Table to pieces, together 
 witli the Ten Commandments, and the pictures 
 of Moses and Aaron. Praycr-l)ooks and music- 
 books, torn to pieces, were everywhere to bo 
 
 seen, whilst gowns and surplices were appro 
 priatcd, with a view to their speedy conversion 
 into shirts. The portraits of bisliops and kings 
 were destroyed, and "one of those miscreant:' 
 picked out the eyes of King Edward tiie Sixths 
 picture, saying ' That ail this miscliief cam* 
 from him when he established the Book of 
 Common Prayer.' " 
 
 On t le following Tuesday there was a solemn 
 thanksgiving in the Cathedral for Sir William 
 Waller's victory, and after the sermon " thev 
 ran up and down the church witli their sw onlV 
 drawn, defacing the monuments of the dead, 
 hacking and hewing the seats and stalls, scratch 
 ing and scraping the painted walls." Sir 
 William Walkr stood by with his sword drawn, 
 as if in fear of his own men, whereat Dean 
 Reeves makesmerry. The Sub Deanery Church 
 in the north transept was tlien treated in a 
 similar manner, tlie Bible being "marked in 
 divers places with a black cole." prayer-books 
 torn up, the surplices appropiiated, and tin 
 chalice broken in pieces as fair and lawful 
 plunder. Five or six days afterwards Sir 
 Arthur Haslerig, who had been informeel " by a 
 treacherous ofiicer of the churcii of the hiding- 
 place of the remaining church plate, entered 
 the Chapter House at the heid of a party iluly 
 providetl with crow-bars and ordered them to 
 break down the wainscot. Sir Arthur's tongue 
 was not enougli to express his joy, it was 
 operative at his very licels, for, ilancing and 
 skipping (pray mark what musick that is to 
 which it is lawful for a Puritm to dance), lir 
 cryed out ' Tliere, boys, there, bojs ; hark I it 
 rattles, it rattles, it rattles!' and being mucli 
 importuned by some members of that churcli 
 to leave tlio church but a cup for theadministra 
 tion of the Blessed Sacrament, answer was 
 returned by a Scotchman standing by • that 
 tlicy slioidd take a wooden dish.' " 
 
 ]\Ir. Blaauw says : " Before (juilting Chichester 
 it is fitting that anti(iuaries sliouhJ especially 
 lament .some of the accompaniments of this 
 capture, sucli as the loss of the ancient city re- 
 cords, and the destruction of the north-west 
 tower of tlie Cathedral. After a few years' 
 trial as a garri.son town, part of the time under 
 the famous Algernon Sydney, as governor, the 
 Parliament fortunately resolveel to disgarri.soii 
 Chichester, March 2nd. iri4(>. and its ordnance 
 was transferred lo Arundel." The bastion of 
 the Nortli AVall f)f Chichester between the two
 
 52 
 
 MAMisiiiKr. I)r.ri:xci:.s. 
 
 West Lanes was built at this timu with the 
 stonos of the two cliurclies of St. Pancras and 
 St. lJ:irt!ioh)mew, wliich stood without tlic walls 
 Sir William Waller after tlie surrender rc- 
 (luosted permission to visit London, he himself 
 bein<^ in bad health and his troops being worn 
 out with fatigue. 
 
 A eurious extract from an old register thi-ows 
 some lii,'lit on the route taken by .Sir William 
 Waller's troopers on their way to Chichester 
 from Winchester. Some few years since in a 
 shop at Bishop's Waltliam an old book was 
 rescued from destruction, which upon exami- 
 nation proved to be one of the registers 
 of the neighbouring parish of Upham. 
 It contains the following entrj'^, for which, 
 together with very much valuable infor- 
 mation, I am indebted to F. Baigent, Esq., of 
 Winchester : " Item, for cleansing ye church 
 against Christmas (lG4-_'). after ye troopers had 
 abused it for a stable for their horses, 2s." 
 This entry proves that local traditions of some 
 of our Hampshire churches having been used 
 as stables are not without foundation. The 
 old register above-mentioned contains frequent 
 entries of relief given to sick and wounded 
 soldiers, and in the year 1G47 certain soldiers 
 wei'e relieved '' on their march home." A year 
 or two afterwards the writer of the entry refer- 
 ring to the troopers, altered the words " had used 
 it for a stable" into '• had ibused it for a stable." 
 A slight alteration, but clearly indicative of the 
 political creed of this rural keeper of the 
 records. 
 
 Churches in Winchester fared no better, for 
 in lOGO we read "the little church of St. 
 Clomont having been much dilapidated while 
 the soldiers occupied it as a guard-house, was 
 used as a plice to lay faggots in, yea, to keep 
 hogs in. and wherein to receive oxen, hor-ses, 
 &c., at times of fairs." On January 1st, 1643, 
 it was ordered by the Parliament that the Cava- 
 liers taken at Chichester should bo sent to 
 Windsor Castle, and other pris niers outside the 
 Citj' of London. Lambeth House Avas already 
 so full of Royalist captives that Lord Po'^re's 
 house in Aldersgate-street \vas utilised as a ) . son 
 on January 5th, 1G43. 
 
 On Wednesday, January 4th, 1043, it was 
 ordered " bells and expressions of joy this night 
 to bo done as is usual," and on Sunday, January 
 {>th, a solemn thanksgiving for the taking of 
 i-hichester was appointed in all churches within 
 
 the Cityof London. On January Ifjth Colonel 
 Herbert Morlcy received the thankH of the 
 Speaker in his place in Parliament '• for the 
 great service hedi<l in the taking of Chichester." 
 Other members of tlio Paulet family, beside the 
 Marquis of Winchester, hid meanwhile been 
 doing the King good service. On December 
 loth, ltj4i, the Earl of Pembroke was, by a de- 
 claration of both Housr'S of Parliament, ap- 
 pointed Lieutenant of Wilts and Hants, "as the 
 Lord Paulet, Sir Ralph Ilopton.and others, their 
 accomplices, have gotten together great forces in 
 the western parts of this kingdom." We already 
 know tiiat Lord Paulet was with Sir Ralph 
 Hopton and tlic Marquis of Hertford at the out- 
 bi-eak of the war. and after the surrender of 
 Portsmouth by Goring retired with them into 
 Glamorganshire. In Ireland also Sir John 
 Paulet gained a great victory over thelrish rebels 
 near Bandon Bridge, in the county of Cork, on 
 November "i^rd, 1(342. After Alderman Gallop 
 and another burgess had. as we have seen, signi- 
 fied at Portsmouth the fidelity of the town of 
 Southampton to the Parliament, Calshot Castle, 
 which was consiilcred a place of considerable 
 strength, wasduly supplied with shot. Windmill 
 fortress, near Portsmouth, had a captain 
 who received 9d. per diem, two soldiers at Gd., 
 and eight mariners at 8d. per diem. The , 
 annual cost was 100/. 10s. Portsmouth had a 
 captain witli 13 gunners, the latter receiving 
 Gd.per diem. AnnualcosM;)!'/. "Sportsmaking," 
 a bulwark, had three guTi:v:^:s, whose daily pay 
 was Gd. eacli. Calshot Point had a chief- 
 captain at Is. 8d. per diom, an under captain at 
 8d., four soldiers at 8d., one porter at 8d.. and 
 eight gunners at Gd. each per diem. The annual 
 cost was 107/. 7s. Gd. Hurst Castle had a captain 
 at Is. 8d. per diem, an under captain at lOd., 
 ten soldiers at Gd., a chief gunner at 8d.. one 
 porter at 8d., and six gunners at Gd. per diem. 
 Total yearly cost, 2G4/. 13s. 4d. St. Andrew's 
 Point fortress co.^t 8.')/. 3s. 4d. per annum. At 
 Portsmouth town and isle there was a new fort- 
 tress, with a captain whose pay was lOd. per 
 diem. The daily pi}' of the 20 soldiers under 
 his command amounted to 13s. 4d. Sandown 
 Castle in the Isle of Wight had a captain at 
 4s. per diem, an under captain at 2s.. 
 thirteen soldiers at Gd. per diem, one porter at 
 8d.. a master gunner at 8d., and seven gunners 
 at Gd. each. Annual cost. 3G3/. Gs. 8d. The 
 Captain and Steward of the Isle of Wight
 
 Blowing up of Fauniiam CA^^Tl.K. 
 
 03 
 
 received 47^. 7s. Gd. per annum. The town of 
 Lymington, which contained friends to both of 
 the contending parties, sent its records about 
 this time to Hurst Castle for safe custody. 
 
 On December *27th the Earl of Portland, the 
 imprisoned Royalist Governor of the Isle of 
 "Wight, was released from custody, and two 
 days Ijefore the close of the year KM'i a terri- 
 ble explosion announced the partial blowing up 
 of some of the defences of Farnham Castle. We 
 
 say partial, because in Jul)-. 1048. it was re- 
 ferred to the Committee at Derby House " to 
 take such effectual course with Farnham Castle 
 as to put it in tliat condition of indefcnsible- 
 ness as it may be no occasion for disturbing thr 
 peace of the count) y." A rate was accordingly 
 levied to defray tlie expense of this service. 
 Bishop !Morley oxpended 70()0/. after the 
 Restoration in repairing the damage done at 
 this period.
 
 ClIAl'TKi: IX. — FlGUTINU AT Al/ION. — SlK Wh.I.IAM WaLLEK PlLNDKKS WlNCirK.STKK ANr> 
 
 Dkfacf:s Romsky Akbicy Road "VVACiOoxs Seized near Ba.sixgstokk. 
 
 On Tuesday, February 24111, 104;5, it was an- 
 nounced tliat the counties of Kent, Surrey, 
 Sussex, and Hampshire had entered into a 
 mutual agreement to raise and maintain 3000 
 foot and iJOO horse for the service of the Parlia- 
 ment. On hearing of this project the King, at 
 Oxford, issued a proclamation, declaring all 
 such levies illegal, and calling upon all soldiers 
 already embodied to retire to their homes, under 
 pain of being considered guilty of high treason. 
 
 On Feb. 11th, 1G43, it was ordered by the 
 Parliament that two troops of horse and a regi- 
 ment of dragoons should be raised for their ser- 
 vice in and about Hampshire, the cost being 
 defrayed out of the sequestered estates of 
 Papists and delinquents. A committee was ap- 
 pointed to manage this business, of which Sir 
 Thomas Jervoise, Knight, was the President, 
 and John Leslie, Esq., the Receiver. Sir William 
 Waller was also permitted to raise money for 
 the maintenance of his army from the four 
 associated counties of Hants, Surrey, Sussex, 
 and Kent. 
 
 On Sunday, Feb. 5th, ''Mercurius Aulicus," the 
 Court Gazette of the Cavaliers, hcai's at Oxford 
 that there was much discontent amongst the 
 soldiers of the Parliament at Portsmouth, 
 "whose pay was considerably overdue, and that 
 numerous desertions had taken place in conse- 
 quence. At the end of the month 1500/. Avas 
 paid to Sir William Lewis, the Governor, for 
 the supply of the garrison. Frequent entries 
 occur during this troublous period of large sums 
 expended for the same purjiose. 
 
 On Monday, Feb. 'JTth, a petition from the 
 Isle of Wight was presented to Parliament. It 
 stated that the defences of the island were very 
 weak, and that there was good cause for fearing 
 a foreign invasion, and asked that all monies 
 
 raised in the island for purposes of defence 
 might be expended within its limits. A supply 
 of heavy guns, muskets, match, powder, bullets, 
 corslets, &c., was requested for immediate issue 
 to the various forts and castles, together with a 
 guard of .ships. The petitioners were also 
 anxious that the troops on the mainland of 
 Hampshire might be warned to hasten to their 
 assistance as soon as an alarm was given. The 
 subscribers to the fund for the defence of the 
 island seem to have been numerous, and on 
 ]Monday, April 4th, 1G43, a Committee was ap- 
 pointed by Parliament to carry their wishes into 
 effect, consisting of Sir Henry Worsley, Bart., 
 Colonel Thomas Carne, John Lisle and Joha 
 Bulkle}-, Esqs., all Deputy-Lieutenants of the 
 Isle of Wight. Hearing that Sir William 
 Waller was anxious to march towards the West 
 Prince Rupert, on Feb. 22nd, rode out of 
 Oxford at the head of a considerable force, and 
 tried to intercept four guns and seven cartloads of 
 ammunition, which were on their way to join 
 the Parliamentary Arm}-. Rupert and his 
 troopers reached Basingstoke, and exclianged 
 greetings with the stout old Marquis of AVin- 
 chester, but failed to secure their prize, Waller 
 having received intelligence of their arrival, 
 and sent orders to the convoy to halt upon its 
 march, whilst he himself retreated to Guildford. 
 Detachments of his forces had already reached 
 Winchester and Alton, and orders were at once 
 despatched to recall them. The party from 
 Winchester retired without molestation, but the 
 Alton detachment was not so fortunate. It was 
 200 strong, and was reconnoitring the roads into 
 Gloucestershire and Wiltshire, and reached 
 Alton on Felnuary 22nd. Scarcely had the 
 wearied troopers unsaddled, before 1500 of 
 Ruperfs wild riders beset the town. Thinking
 
 Fighting at Alton. 
 
 that resistance would be useless, they cried f or 
 quarter, which was scornfully refused, where - 
 upon they prepared to sell their lives dearly. 
 Having a field-piece with them, they loaded it 
 with musket bullets, and calmly awaited attack. 
 The Cavaliers came boldly within range, the 
 gun was fired, and when the smoke cleared 
 away 80 of the assailants were seen to be either 
 killed or wounded, and the rest retreating in 
 confusion. Night was falling fast, but on came 
 the attacking party once more. Again did that 
 murderous field-piece scatter its deadly hail, and 
 again did 40 soldiers of tlic King fall hors dr 
 combat. Darkness put an end to tlie strife, and 
 the Cavaliers deferred tlieir intended capture 
 until the following morning, only to find at 
 dawn that the gallant defenders of Alton had 
 skilfully escaped, and fallen back in good order 
 on the main body during the night. During 
 the last week of February, 1G43, Sir William 
 Waller was still at Chichester with three or 
 four hundred liorse, some of his ten troops being 
 but 10 or 15 strong. He was asking for and 
 expecting reinforcements, as the Cavaliers were 
 said to be meditating the re-capture of Win- 
 chester and Chichester, and had nearly the whole 
 of Wiltshire at their mercy. 
 
 On February 28th he had reached Farnham, 
 but was said to have only 400 dragoons, all my 
 Lord General Essex could spare, and ten troops 
 of horse, " Avhich being put together, will make 
 three good ones," to oppose the Princes Maurice 
 and Rupert, who Avere said to be at the head of 
 fjOOO horse, and at least 'iODO Welshmen. Poor 
 Hampsliire paid Avcekly 7')"/. for the service of 
 the Parliament, ami on Friday, ]\Iarc]i 3rd we 
 have reports of much indiscriminate plundering 
 of friends and foes Ijy Prince Rupert's soldiers. 
 The county had formerly refused to join the 
 Association for Defence entered into by Kent, 
 Surrey, and Sussex, fearing to incur the ven- 
 geance of the King, whose army had taken po.st 
 in and around Reading. The miseries in- 
 separable from civil war at length turned the 
 scale, and Hampshire Ijecame one of the Asso- 
 ciated Counties. Prince Rupert Avas to a con- 
 siderable extent successful in preventing Waller 
 from obtaining horses upon Avhich to mount his 
 infantry, and Avould probably have given him a 
 sevei'o defeat had nf)t liis scouts, Avho Averc 
 always active and avcII informed, given him 
 timely Avarning of a tlircateneil attack upon 
 either Reading or Oxford. Reluctantly, there- 
 
 fore, he fell back from Basingstoke and Ciren- 
 cester, and re-entered Oxford on March 28th. 
 According to a letter from Henlej-on-Thamcs. 
 he had on April 7tli taken up a position at Read- 
 ing. Prince Rupert having retired. Sir William 
 Waller Avas noAv at liljerty to make, in company 
 Avitli Sir Arthur Haskrig. Avhat Clarendon calls a 
 quick march through Wilts. The same authority 
 states tliat he had under his command a ligiit 
 party of horse and dragoons some 20(»(i in num- 
 ber, belonging to the army of the Earl of 
 Essex. " Mercurius Aulicus" s;iys that he had 
 500 foot, a regiment of horse, another of dni- 
 goons, six field-pieces, and four cart-loads of 
 muskets to be distributed amongst the recruits 
 Avho miglit join his standard. His banner was 
 a somcAvliat singular one. At the Rattle of 
 Agincourt one of Jiis ancestors iiad been fortu- 
 nate enough to capture the Duke of Orleans. 
 Avho, after a residence in England of some 2.") 
 years, paid l(l(l,iMl() croAvns of ransom money. 
 In memory of tliis event the Waller family Avcre 
 granted as armorial bearings a leafy tree, from 
 Avhich Avas suspended a shield bearing the lilies 
 of France. The motto Avas " Fruccus Virtutis" 
 (the fruit of valour). His second in command. 
 Colonel Brown, had upon his banner a skull and 
 a Avreath of laurel, Avith tlie motto '* One of 
 These!" and his constant associate, Sir A. 
 Haslerig, liad adopted the device of an anchor 
 suspended from tlie clouds, and the motto " Only 
 in Heaven !" 
 
 On 'Muvdi -hd, 1043, Sir William WalKr 
 marched into Winchester, "and being an inhabi- 
 tant and a freeman of the city, he promised tliat 
 no man should sufl'er any loss or damage bj-liini, 
 and he performed it for as much as it concerncil 
 himself, but Avlien he Avcnt aAvay on Saturday 
 (March 4th) he left l)ehind Sergeant-Major 
 Carie, Avith a troop of horse, to levy Gn(i/. 
 upon tlie sjime. A most unreasonable sum to 
 be imposed upon a toAvn so lately and so 
 miserably plundered. But say Aviiat they could 
 in their OAvn belialf, no less tlianfitKl/. Avould bo 
 accepted, and tliat accordingly Avas rai.«ed, vi/.. 
 SfjO/. out of tlie inhabitants of the city. l.'»n:'. 
 on one Sir Henry Clerke, a neighbouriu;: 
 gentleman." blaster Say, a son of a prebendarA 
 of the Cathedral, Avho probably fared none tli. 
 better on that account, had entrusted his lior.M ■ 
 for purposes of coiuealment to his servan; 
 Having been betrayed by some of his neigli 
 hours, he Avas brought before Sir William
 
 nc. 
 
 Si.i/,ii:i: oi' Road Wacoons. 
 
 Wiilkr, who questioned him as to the Avhcic- 
 abouts of the steeds. Master Say pleaded 
 ignorance, and was forthwith handed over to 
 the Provost Marshal, who received orders to 
 make liini confess. This official conducted him 
 to the "George"' Inn, which dates back to the 
 days of the Fourth Edward, and led him into 
 what is noAv known as ''the 18-stall stable." 
 Placing a lialter round his neck, tlie Marshal 
 renewed his cross-examination. Obtaining no 
 information, he hoisted him up to the rack, 
 allowing him to hang until he was almost 
 strangled, and then gave him a little breathing 
 s[)ace. This process was repeated several times, 
 until the spectators of this barl)arous scene 
 quitted the stable in disgust. Finding torture 
 ineffectual, the Marshal with many kicks and 
 blows dismissed Master Say, who a few days 
 afterwards was reported to be dangerously ill, a 
 circumstance scarcely to be wondered at. 
 
 On Saturday, March 4th, Sir William Waller 
 and his army marched to Romsoy, where they 
 at one began to deface the Abbey Church, 
 pulling up the seats and destroying the organ. 
 " Which Avas no sooner done, but a zealous 
 brother of tlie ministry, dwelling not far off, 
 got into the pulpit, and for the space of two 
 hours, in a furious zeal, applauded that religious 
 act, encouraging them to go on as they had 
 begun!"' The chronicler laments that this stately 
 i;lmrch, having escaped destruction at the time 
 of the dissolution of the monasteries, had been 
 reduced to ruin in these dissolute times. 
 
 From Romscy Sir William Waller marched 
 to Salisbury, being constantly joined by numer- 
 ous recruits. He seized many horses in various 
 places, and by an ingenious stratagem did con- 
 siderable damage to the Royal cause. He sent 
 out orders as if from Prince Rupert to all the 
 neighbouring Cavaliers for a general muster at 
 ►Salisbury. Some 3000 responded to the call, 
 and were astonished, on March 10th, 1G43, to 
 find themselves unhorsed and disarmed by their 
 wily opponent. They not unnaturally remon- 
 strated, but without effect. Sir William politely 
 requesting the loan of the steeds until the con- 
 clusion of the war. During the year 1G43 
 horses were valued at 4/. each, but they had 
 previously been procurable for SOs. and 50s. 
 
 Hay cost Od. for a day and niglit, and the price 
 of oats was 2s. per bu.shol. 
 
 On leaving Salisbury Waller's army had in- 
 creased to the number of 3000 men, and it was 
 said that he liad with him, strange to say, two 
 troops of French and Dutch Papists under the 
 command of Sergeant-Major {i.e., Major) Carie 
 (or Carew) and Captain Carr. Some of these 
 men afterwards came over to the King's army 
 and said that when they were brought over to 
 England they fully understood that they were 
 to fight for the King, and not against him. 
 After taking possession of IMalmcsbury and 
 making the small Royalist garrison prLsonera, 
 Sir William Waller marched into Dorsetshire, 
 putting to flight Sir John Strangeways and the 
 Cavaliers of Dorset and Somerset. 
 
 During the montli of March, 1G43, some of the 
 Cavaliers from the garrison of Reading marched 
 to Basing House, and in the ncighbourliood of 
 Basingstoke (another account says near Woking- 
 ham) succeeded in intercepting several waggons 
 laden with cloth, belonging to certain clothiers 
 of the western counties. The spoil was worth 
 from 10,000/. to 12,000/., and the merchants 
 went to Oxford and petitioned the King for 
 redress. Their prayer was heard, and on March 
 22nd the cloth-laden waggons reached London 
 in safety. Certain bales, however, belonging to 
 Mr. Ash and his brother, who were both mem- 
 bers of the House of Commons, were confiscated. 
 The merchants, who recovered their property, 
 were obliged to take the new protestation of 
 allegiance, and to pay their fees, as if they had 
 been prisoners to Smith, the Provost Marshal 
 of 0:;tford. This officer seems to have been 
 terribly severe, and in fact most brutal in his 
 treatment of the prisoners entrusted to his caro. 
 Frequent complaints were made to Parliament 
 of his barbarities, and the House of Commons 
 addressed a remonstrance to the King on the 
 subject. My Lord General the Earl of Essex 
 was by a resolution of the House of Commons 
 passed on March IG, 1G43, officially informed of 
 these proceedings, and also that certain passers 
 by Bashig House had been fired upon from the 
 windows. The day of trial for '• Loyalty 
 House" was now near at hand.
 
 CiiAi'TicK X. — Pui.Nci: Maluice at SALisuuin. — Fa.st Day at Solthami'ton anu Pokts- 
 MOLTii. — C(>r.(»Ni:i, Norton Rki'Ui.sed. — Ba.sixo House Becomes a Garrison. 
 
 On Wednesday, Apiil I'Jtli, l(j43, \vc catch a 
 passing glimpse of tlie home-life of a famous 
 divine. "Ordered that Mi-. Dr. Fuller shall 
 have a pass to carry his Avife to Salisbury, and 
 to return back again." 
 
 On Saturday, April luth, 1G43, the Earl of 
 Essex sat down before Readmg, -which surren- 
 dered twelve days af tcrv.ards. The terms of 
 capitulation were not faithfully observed, -which 
 served as a pretext for excesses on both sides on 
 various subsequent occasions. On April 21st 
 "Dalbier, a German Engineer," was said in 
 London to have been slain before Reading. 
 Rumour spoke falsely, and Colonel Dalbier lived 
 to do much harm to Basing House, which tlio 
 emboldened friends of the Parliament hoped 
 would speedily share the fate o£ Reading. 
 
 On Thursday, ]May 4th, the Hampshire j 
 (Javaliers were again raising their head'^, but 
 were once more doomed to disappointment. 
 Two ships bound from Dunkiik to Ireland, and 
 laden with ammunition for the King's forces, 
 were driven into Portsmouth, and were at once 
 seized by Sir William Lewis, the Governor. An 
 ordinance of botli Houses of Parliament passed 
 on Jlay 4th provided that the wliole of the 
 King's revenues from the county of Hampshire 
 .should be applied to the repair, maintenance, 
 pay, &c., of the garrisons and fortifications of 
 Portsmouth, Hurst, Calshot, and Southsca 
 Castle. 
 
 On Wednesday, May 13th, a petition -was read 
 in Parliament wliich bore the signatures of 
 most of tlie iiiliabitants of Portsmouth, asking 
 for tlic appointment of Sir AVilliam Waller as 
 Governor of the town, and declaring their 
 " readiness to serve them in the defence of that 
 place with their last drop of blood." The Earl 
 of Es.sex was thereupon recommended to appoint 
 alloi-, l)ut from '"^rercuiius Aulicus" of June 
 
 28th we learn tliat Sir William Lewis having 
 been superseded '•Master Wallop" was tempo- 
 rarily appointed. Sir William Waller having 
 marched to the westward from Salisbury, Prince 
 Maurice, the Earl of Carnarvon, and tho Mar- 
 quis of Hertford reached that pleasant cathedral 
 city about nine o'clock on the morning of Whit 
 Sunday, May 20th, with, it was said, 2(i00 men. 
 Before the arrival of the Prince, Lord Seymour 
 and some Cavaliers "'took divers well alTectcd 
 persons prisoners, amongst which Mr. Dutton, 
 the Mayor, was one." Sir William Waller, Sir 
 Edward Hungerford, Sir John Horner, and 
 other friends of the Parliament were preparing 
 to offer opposition, '' .so that now this town, 
 which, under the pretence of standing as neuters, 
 it is thought hath afforded no small supply unto 
 Oxford, is now like to speed no better than 
 Marlborough and other places which have been 
 utterly ruined by the Cavaliers." Befoic Princo 
 Maurice and his army entered the city procla- 
 mation was made by the High Sheriff of the 
 county '' that none should be plundered without 
 order, which it is confessed was indifferently 
 kept, but wo were forced to give tlum free 
 quarter." On the following day the Prince, 
 ]\Iarquis, and Earl of Carnarvon dined at Wilton, 
 and there took two . 'special horses, "and ."hot a 
 gallant stallion of the Earl of Pembroke's, 
 wliich they could not take, but the horse is like 
 to recover. ' On their return to Salisbuiy an 
 order was issued that all the citizensshould give 
 up their aims, on pain of having their liouscs 
 searched. !Many useful weapons having been 
 thus obtained a collection was made in tho citv, 
 to defray the cost of the Princc'.s table duiing 
 tho stay of the army. On Wednesday, May 
 23rd, two guns and two barrels of powder were 
 discovered by the ('avalicrs not far from the 
 Council Hou.se, and a jiarty of horse brought in
 
 Fast Day ai" Soi iiiamiton and Poutsmoutji, 
 
 four waggons lack-n witli wool ami oil from 
 London, togothor with several pack horses. 
 Anotlier detaclunont found a gun and two or 
 three drakes or field-pieces concealed at Wilton, 
 wliidi were likewise secured. Next day two 
 loads of pikes and corslets arrived, which had 
 been collected in the neighbourhood by dint of 
 armed searcli. The following day Avas Friday, 
 May 'ioth, and Prince Maurice and tlie JMarijuis 
 of Hertford marched out over Ilarnham Hill to 
 Dogdean, where a general muster of the county 
 had been ordered to take place. All partisans 
 of the King were at once enrolled as soldiers, 
 whilst the friends of the Parliament were citlicr 
 disarmed, or, if unprovided with weapons, 
 obliged to contribute various sums of money. 
 Two loads of arms were brought back to Salis- 
 bury in the evening. 
 
 On Saturday, May ^Gth. the Prince's army, 
 now increased to not less than 4000 horse and 
 1000 foot, Avas drawn up in battle array at Dog- 
 dean, from which place one detachment marched 
 towards Warminster, whilst another was sent to 
 plunder the Earl of Salisbury's house at Cran- 
 borne. About six o'clock on the morning of 
 Sunday, May 27th, the Avhole army marched 
 away from Salisbury towards Dorchester, to the 
 great joy even of tlieir own friends in the citj-. 
 The Mayor, who had all this time been kept in 
 durance vile, was released when they departed, 
 but Master Hunt, a Parliament man, and some 
 others were taken away in safe custody. 
 
 On June Gth the Prince, Marquis, and Lord 
 Carnarvon were once more at Salisbury, intend- 
 ing to join Sir Ralph Hopton on his march 
 towards Oxford. A journalist of that day says: 
 " They would willingly now give him 2000/. to 
 be gone, who before gave him 1000/. to welcome 
 him. The Canons and Prebends had before 
 their first coming taken down their organs them- 
 selves, and hid two hundred of their pipes, for 
 fear of the Parliamcnfs forces, hoping here- 
 after to have them up, and play their old tunes, 
 but now they may take them, and help their 
 countrymen to play the new tune of ' Fortune 
 my Foe.' " Sir AVilliam Waller, who witli Sir 
 Edward Hungcrford. Sir John Horner, and 
 others was striving to keep both the Prince 
 Maurice and Sir Ralph Hopton in check, was 
 deficient in cavalry, but wasearly in June joined 
 by Sir Arthur Haslerig and a welcome rein- 
 forcement of TiOO horse. Notwithstanding this 
 accession of strengtli, Prince Maurice and the 
 
 Marijuis of Hertford were able to defeat 
 Waller's army on Monday, June 12th, to which 
 "Mercurius Aulicus" thus refers: ''Friday, June 
 !Hh. The rebels had solemn fast at Southamp- 
 ton, Portsmouth, and Hursley, for the speeding 
 of Sir William Waller's great design against Hi.s 
 Majesty's forces in the west, where Master 
 Strickland, that learned, devout Levite, was 
 pleased to say in his prayer these very words, 
 ' O Lord, Thy honour is now at stake, for now, 
 O Lord, Antichrist has drawn his sword against 
 Thy Christ, and if our enemies prevail. Thou 
 wilt lose thine honour !' But how God Almighty 
 was pleased with this blasphemj- and treason the 
 issue of Waller's design hath manifested to the 
 w^orld !" On Saturday, June 24th. it was 
 ordered that two foot companies, .300 strong, 
 should be raised for the protection of the Isle of 
 Wight from amongst its own inhabitants. 
 
 On July 7th we hear that Sir William AVallor 
 had sent a letter to Dorchester, asking that two 
 troops of horse and one hundred dragoons 
 should be sent to Colonel Norton, of Southwick 
 Park, who was already in command of an equal 
 number of men, and who was speedily joined 
 by this welcome reinforcement. 
 
 On July l.'ith, after the complete defeat of 
 Waller by Sir Ralph Hopton and the Cavaliers 
 of the west upon Roundwaj' Down, near 
 Devizes, the House of Commons strongly urged 
 the City of London and all friends of the 
 Parliament in the counties of Hants, Surrey, 
 Sussex, and Kent to send money, men. horses, 
 and ammunition to the aid of either Fairfax 
 or Waller, upon the security of the public faith 
 for repayment. Towards the end of July it 
 was deemed necessary to raise 7000 men for the 
 service of the Parliament. London and Middle- 
 sex were to provide a contingent of 1500, and 
 the four associated counties just mentioned 
 were also to do their part, the Earl of Pembroke 
 being appointed to the command of the cavalry 
 raised in Hants, Surrey, Sussex, and Berks. Sir 
 William Waller was to march to meet these 
 new levies, who were to muster in London, and 
 at Windsor, Cambridge, and Bedford. 
 
 On Wednesday, July lOth, UU,'), "Mercurius 
 Aulicus" tells us that the Parliament had 
 ordered all possible aid to be sent to Sir 
 William Waller from Portsmouth and other 
 places of Hampshire. "Colonel Norton of 
 Southwick, the great incendiary of that country, 
 being made a Colonel amongst the rebels,
 
 Colonel Norton Repulskd. 
 
 St. Barbe and others having the com- 
 mand of some troops of horse," marched to 
 Winchester, and plundered it for the third time 
 of all arms and horses. From thence he pro- 
 ceeded to Salisbury,where he arrived on Thurs- 
 day, July l.'Jth, where he also seized all the 
 horses and arms to be found, and plundered the 
 houses of the Cathedral clergy, even taking 
 away their servants' clothes, and confiscating 
 about 80/., which belonged to an hospital of 
 poor people, of which one of tlie prebends 
 was governor. On his march from Salisljury to 
 Devizes to join 8ir AVilliam Waller, hearing of 
 the defeat of the latter upon Roundway Down, 
 he retreated to Wardour Castle, and from thence 
 to Wilton. Preparing to attack Salislniry once 
 more, he found the citizens, wlio had heard of 
 the defeat of Waller,in arms to oppo.se him, and 
 thinking discretion the better part of valour 
 returneditoHampsliirc by a safer way, because, 
 to him, the furthest way about was the next 
 way home. Towards the end of July the 
 Marquis of Wincliester, who since the sur- 
 render of Reading had seen his enemies in- 
 creasing in numbers, and forming strong 
 garrisons in his neighbourhood, found that 
 ColonelNorton was thrcateninga visit to Basing 
 House, "as being a place in which he hoped to 
 Qnd much spoil and little opposition, for to say 
 truth, he is a very valiant gentleman where he 
 meets with no resistance." Clarendon, on the 
 other hand, speaks of Norton as being a man of 
 undoubted bravery. The Marquis made a 
 journey to Court, and obtained permission to 
 have one hundred musketeers of Colonel Raw- 
 don's regiment sent under the command of 
 Lieut.-Colonel Peakc with speed and secrecy to 
 Basing. He then returned home, nor did he 
 reacli Loyalty House a moment too soon. 
 Scarcely liad lie arrived before '" ColonelNorton, 
 with Capt. St. Barbe, witli liis troop of horse, 
 andCapt. Cole, with a ragged rabble of Dragoons, 
 l)egirt tlic house and pressed tlic siege exceeding 
 liotly." Within the walls tliere were, besides 
 servants, only " six gentlemen, armed with si.x 
 muskets, tlie wliole remainder of a well fiiinishod 
 armoury." Tliey had already proved their 
 prowess, for Avith them tlie INIarquis liad done 
 so well that twice the enemies' attempts proved 
 vain. 
 
 But now surely, on thi.s Slat of July, 1G43, 
 the odds are overwhelming, for see, two regi- 
 ments of dragoons, under Colonels Harvey and 
 
 Norton, have made their way through the park 
 palings, and are bent upon an attack in force. 
 Another half-hour, and the hopeless struggle 
 will be at an end. But hark to yonder musket 
 shots, and listen intently. Surely that is 
 " Rupert's call'" from cavalry trumpets, and see 
 how the rebels are flying in all directions. Yes, 
 aid is at hand. Lieutenant-Colonel Peake has 
 come from O.xford by forced marches, and is 
 now beating the foe from Basing village, clearing 
 house after house. But the King, hearing of 
 Norton's threatened attack, has, although he 
 is about to march towards Bristol, and surely 
 needs the help of every available man, sent 
 Colonel Bard with some troops of horse to the 
 relief of beleaguered Basing. The cavalry 
 arrive just as the musketeers have cleared a way 
 to '• The Castle," as Basing House was often 
 styled by the Cavaliers. Lieut.-Colonel Pcako 
 deserves full credit for his victory.for Harvey and 
 Norton's two regiments of dragoons " ran quite 
 away" from his musketeers. Basing being thus 
 at liberty. Colonel Norton and his allies re- 
 treated that niglit to Farnham. and from thence 
 to Portsmouth, '' plaguing and plundering all 
 the country as they passed along, for fear it 
 should be thought that he had made so long a 
 journey, and lain out .so long, to undo nobody." 
 A letter was at once written liy tlie Parliamen- 
 tarian Committee at Portsmouth to the Lord 
 General Essex, and read in the Hou.se of Lords 
 on September 7th, asking for more troops for 
 the protection of the town, as the Cavaliers 
 had succeeded in surprising both Dorchester 
 and Weymouth. Colonel Norton's repul.se at 
 Basing was doubtless another cause for alarm to 
 the adiierents of the Parliament in Portsmouth. 
 Colonel Harvey, who aided Colonel Norton in 
 this attack upon Basing, had formerly been a 
 captain in one of tlie regiments of tlie London 
 Trained Bands. He had been unfortuiiato in 
 business, and is described as a " decayed silk- 
 man.'' Wlien the war broke out he was ap- 
 pointed to the command of a troop of liorsc and 
 of a regiment of dragoons. Tlie women of 
 London presented a jietition for peace to the 
 llou.se of Commons, and, refusing to disperse. 
 Colonel Harvey, witli liis trooj) of horse, was 
 ordered to cliargo the unarmed crowd. Tlio 
 order was rigorously oboyetl, and not a few 
 women were killed or wounded, (.'ol. Harvey's 
 standard bore the device of a Bible with the 
 motto " Lex Suprema" (the supreme law !) anil
 
 60 
 
 Ba!^in<; IIousk iii:c(>mi;8 a Gauulson. 
 
 boluw a city, with tlio motto '' Salus Patriaj" 
 (the safety of our fathcrlaiul). During tlic 
 Commoinvoalth, Colonel Ilarvcy was the tem- 
 porary owner of Fulham Palace and of various 
 revenues belonging of right to the Sec of 
 London. One who knew him says " He came off 
 bluely in the end." 
 
 The standard of the Man^uis of Winchester Avas 
 like those of other contemporary commanders, 
 square in form,bearinga scroll with pendent ends, 
 on which was the motto " Aimcz Loyautc." 
 The musketeers, who proved so timely a rein- 
 forcement to the defenders of Basing House, 
 belonged to the Regiment of Foot commanded 
 by Sir :^Iarmadukc Uawdon, of Avhom, and of the 
 other officers of the garrison we will speak more 
 at length hereafter. Warburton says (" Memoirs 
 of Prince Rupert," p. IIG): "During the early 
 part of the Civil War the pikemen held the post 
 of honour. The pikemen, as well as the 
 musqueteers, wore a leathern doublet, steel cap, 
 cloth hose, and square-toed shoes, with a large 
 rosette. The pikeman, when he could get it, 
 wore a back and breastpicce of steel, with an 
 iron hook on the former, whereon to hang his 
 steel cap while marching. The musqueteer wore 
 a. ' bandolier ' or broad belt Avith charges of 
 powder hung by little cords. The bullets were 
 carried in a little bag or in the mouth for im- 
 mediate use, over the left shoulder; a SAVordbelt 
 over the right ; his match-lock rest was some- 
 times attached to his left wrist, while not in 
 use, and sometimes he had a boy allowed him to 
 carry this cumbrous piece of artillery for him. 
 There were locks to the pistols and petroncls 
 (the latter so called ' because it hangeth on the 
 
 breast ') of the Cavalry, but none, I think, to 
 the Infantry mu.skct. The former were wound 
 up like a watch by an instrument called a 
 spanner, and when let off by the trigger the 
 flint was brought against a rough surface 
 that gave the spark by friction. These 
 were called ' snaphaunces.' The charges of 
 powder suspended from the bandolier V)eing often 
 12 in number, were often .styled 'the twelve 
 Apo.stles.' The pay was 8d. a day for the 
 Infantry and Idd. for the Cavalry." Such Avcrc 
 the men who manned the walls and towers of 
 Basing House. 
 
 After the repulse of Harvey and Norton, 
 Basing House '* is then begunno, according to 
 the quantity of men now added, to Ije foi-tified." 
 Cavaliers evidently knew hoAv to use pickaxe 
 and spade, as avcII as musket and pike. The 
 whole area of the fortifications was 14i acres, 
 and many a now grass covered rampart is still 
 in existence. Whilst batteries were in course 
 of construction at Basing, certain .ships asked 
 and obtained convoy from the Earl of AVar- 
 wick, who was in command for the Parliament 
 at Portsmouth. He thereupon ordered Captain 
 William Thomas, who commanded the Eighth 
 Whclj}, to escort these vessels from Southamp- 
 ton, Torbay, and Lynn to the coast of France, 
 the C'harHi/, frigate, being also in company. Off 
 Brest the men-of-Avar Avere attacked by one of' 
 the ships Avhich had gone over to the King "s 
 party. The result of the fight was the spend- 
 ing of prize money at Portsmouth by Parlia- 
 ment mcn-of -Avar's men. The story is a .stir- 
 ring one, but comes not within our province.
 
 Chaptkr XI. — Alarm at Southampton — Cavalikrs Fxnkd and Imprisdnkd — Cdlonki, 
 
 PowLET Slain near Winchester — Southampton and the Isle of Wight F<»rtifiei>. 
 
 — Winchester Re-occupied p,y the Cavaliers. 
 
 Captain Swanloy having persuaded Soutli- 
 ampton, not without dread of possible bom- 
 bardment, to declare for the Parliament, the 
 opponents of the Roj-al cau.se took care to 
 make their power felt, not however without 
 some opposition from their fellow townsmen, 
 and occasional fears for their own safety. 
 
 On Saturday, August ;jth, 1043, •' Mercurius 
 Aulicus," at Oxford, had received letters from 
 Winchester to the effect that " Legaj-, Wolf rey, 
 Mercer, and the rest of the pack of the town 
 of Soutliampton have sent their goods into the 
 Island, and upon the least noise of the Royal 
 army's approach will fly themselves likewise." 
 Murford, the Parliamentarian Governor, had 
 serious thoughts of sailing for New England, 
 and had lately exchanged 600/. worth of silver 
 for gold, he "being not worth ;'»/. when he came 
 thither." Colonel Nathaniel Fienncs, the 
 brother of Lord Say and Selc, who had been 
 educated at Winchester College, and had been 
 .admitted to a felIow.sliip at New College, Oxford, 
 in (jualitj' of founder's kin, had surrendered 
 Bristol to Prince Rupert on July "iGtli, and on 
 the last day of the same month reached South- 
 ampton, at the head of f-id horse, each of wliom 
 had a woman riding behind him. This arrange- 
 ment may liavo been, and probably was, pro- 
 ductive of mutual sati.sfaction, but would sorely 
 wound the sensitive feelings of an adjutant in 
 this pro.saic nineteenth century. Governor 
 Murford at once took measures to secure tlie 
 election of Colonel Fionnes as a burgess of 
 Southampton, "and his (Murford's) chaplain, 
 in his sermon the day before, like a desperate 
 wretch, cliarged the King with dissembling pro- 
 testations. Murford, like a brave villain." 
 threatened to imprison a townsman for affirming 
 that " the Queen's ^Majesty was joyfully enter- 
 
 tained at Oxford, for (said Murford) it will 
 
 ' discourage the well affected to hear that tb«t 
 
 I Queen is beloved in any place." The pooi 
 
 { townsman would most assuredly have been placed 
 
 in durance vile had not the wife of the Governoi. 
 
 Avho is described as "the hired Govcrncs?, " 
 
 ! been induced, by a seasonable gift, to mollify 
 
 the wrath of her lord and master. A youib. 
 
 who relieved a half-starved Cavalier prisoner, 
 
 had a narrow escape from imprisonment, for. in 
 
 I the opinion of (iovernor Murford, " if such 
 
 j were Jiot relieved, there would be fewer malig- 
 
 1 nants alive!" 
 
 Before supper one evening ho assembled Houvji 
 .'50 3'oung apprentices, whom he ordered to takt 
 the Solemn League and Covenant. On their re- 
 fusal he threatened them with imi)risonmcnl, 
 saying that " their refusal disparaged l)i«< 
 Government," and the same night three women 
 were arrested, merely for saying that " they 
 thought the King was too wise to be led l<y 
 ill counsel." 
 
 On the following day Colonel Whitehead aii«l 
 Mr. Fielder, two of the authorities of Ports- 
 mouth, came to Southampton, and at once sent 
 orders to various Cavaliers to pay them large 
 sums of money. Sir John ^lills was ordered t> 
 contribute fjUd/., whilst Ma.ster Thomas Jlill- 
 was assessed at li'iO/. Mistress Clerk v.as to pay 
 •20U/., Alderman Raymond 100/., and others in 
 proportion. Those who demurred were im- 
 prisoned, iilundered, or carried away to Port^ 
 mouth. Colonel ^V^l;tehe.•ld playfully remarking 
 that " he had been at a great charge to build a 
 cage at Portsmoutli, where many Hampton 
 birds shoulil sing very suddenly !" 
 
 About August I'Jtli Colonel Powlct. wlio 
 seems to have been a relative of the Marquis of 
 Winchester, attacked Winchester with a party
 
 G2 
 
 CaVAI.IKHS Tm I'KISONKI). 
 
 of horse, wlio probably bolonpcd to the garrison 
 of Basing House. IIo was at fust Kucccssful, 
 ami levieil contributions from most of the 
 friends of the Tarliament -within the city. He 
 at length retreated, carrying -witli him some 40 
 prisoners, but at a distance of some two ortlirce 
 miles from Wniehester was attacked by a party 
 of dra<:;oons from Southampton. In the 
 skirmish that followed Colonel Powlet and two 
 of his men were killed, GO others w^cre made 
 prisoners, and the captive citizens of Winchester 
 released. "Mcrcurius Aulicus" loved not the 
 Govcrnov of Southampton, and learns on Satur- 
 day, August 12th, that " Mudford, alias Mur- 
 ford, that infamous Brownisticall Governor of 
 Southampton," had that week shipped off "Mr. 
 Jones, a learned ingenuous gentleman," with 
 certain others, to New England, " making him 
 pass his own door, without allowing him speech 
 of his wife, or necessaries from his 
 friends." Another version of this story is that 
 IVIr. Jones, being suspected of having written a 
 pamphlet in answer to certain observations on 
 His Majesty's Declaration, was kept for a long 
 time in custody at Portsmouth, on an allowance 
 of a penny farthing per diem for bread and 
 water, but at length, in company' with the 
 Town Marshal, escaped to Oxford. Colonel 
 "Whitehead is repoi ted to have said that "Cruelty 
 to Cavaliers was acceptable work to God," and 
 that he need not fear even if the King should 
 prevail, for that he had secured his lands, had 
 sufficient to maintain him, and had taken care 
 to have a friend at Court, who had undertaken 
 to save his life. 
 
 The good people of Southampton were 
 strongly urged by Governor ]\Iurford"s chap- 
 lain to take the Solemn League and Covenant. 
 Here is a quotation from his prayer : "Bless the 
 King, O Lord ; mollify his hard heart, which 
 (ielightetli in blood ; open his eyes, that he may 
 see that the blood of Thy servants is dear in 
 Thy sight. He is fallen from faith in Thee, 
 and become an enemy to Thy Church. Is it not 
 be that hath sinned and done evil indeed ? But 
 .■us for these sheep, what have they done ? Let 
 Tliine hand, we pray Thee, Lord, be on him 
 and on his father's house, but not on Thy people 
 that they should be plagued." Colonel St. 
 Barbe, after taking the Covenant, said aloud, 
 before m-'ny witnesses, that "he had rather see 
 the kiflgdom in a flame than that the King 
 should prevail against the cause they havo 
 
 undertaken." Governor Murford sent Thom- 
 borougli, Riggs, and certain other appn.nticca 
 to a most noi.somo dungeon at Portsmouth, and 
 "the Mayor, a very ancient man," was im- 
 prisoned for eleven weeks. Colonel Whitehead 
 liad ordered him to give up the keys of the 
 town to him for the service of the Parliament, 
 the good old IMayor answering him, being a 
 Jerscyman, "Me no hang for you ^Master 
 Whitehead, you hang for yourself." When he 
 was at length released Murford, to please Colonel 
 Whitehead, gave orders to the soldiers on guard 
 to prevent the Maj-or by force from going out 
 through any of tlie gates of the town. 
 
 "Mercurius Aulicus " remarks : "Aug. 29th a 
 seditious Levite at Portsmouth, one Tooker, 
 Master Whitehead's own Chaplain, in a fast 
 sermon prayed God ' to open the eyes of five 
 Lords who lately deserted Him and His cause, 
 and were gone to the King.' And 'tis some- 
 what strange those Lords should have their eyes 
 shut, and yet should find the way from London 
 to Oxford. Whitehead last week starved two 
 prisoners to death at Portsmouth, refusing their 
 bodies the service or attendance of friends at 
 their funeral." 
 
 On Tuesday, Sept. 5th "Mercurius Aulicus," 
 Avhose statements can. hoAvever, be digested only 
 Avith the aid of a whole peck, if. indeed, a bushel 
 be not preferable, of salt, is informed from Win- 
 chester that all ministers in the neighbourhood 
 of Southampton have been replaced by ^lurford 
 with men of his own party. Kobinson, his own 
 chaplain, prayed thus the last fast day : " O 
 God, many are the hands lifted up against us, 
 but there is one God ; it is Thou, Thjsclf, O 
 Father, which doest us more miscliief than they 
 all." Mistress Murford, "the other day a poor 
 seamstress," is said to be " most devout." Two 
 of Captain St. Barbe's troopers attempted to rob 
 a poor labourer near Milbrook, Avho, however, 
 although he had no other arms than " a prong 
 and a good heart," unhorsed them both, fully 
 armed as they were, beat them well, and brought 
 them and their horses into Southampton. 
 
 On Wednesday, Sept. 20th. both Houses of 
 Parliament were informed that Hampshire, 
 Portsmouth, Southampton, the Isle of Wight, 
 and the western parts are in great danger, and 
 may be possessed by the enemy speedily if 
 some course be not taken. Sir William Waller 
 was ordered to march thither at once, leaving 
 some of his troops to follow, and on Monday,
 
 WlN'CIIESTEK Re-0CCUI'IK1>- 
 
 6d 
 
 October 2nd, Sergeaut-Mujor Struce or some 
 other Engineer was to proceed at once to the 
 Isle of Wight, and to fortify in the manner that 
 the Depnty Lieutenants of the Island shall 
 think best. Eleveii culverins or IS pounders, 
 and 20 Sakers or live poundcrs,had already been 
 provided for these ncAV defences, and the 
 necessary timber was ordered to bo cut in the 
 New Forest, and transported to the Isle of 
 Wiglit. At the end of September Governor 
 Murford was actively engaged in fortifying 
 Southampton. He threatened to hang the 
 tythingman of Stoneham for negligence in 
 execution of the warrants sent out for the 
 raising of men and levying of money in the 
 neighbourhood, and his sub-committee voted 
 that the King's proclamation forbidding the 
 payment of routs to those in arms against him 
 should bo burnt by the common hangman. 
 "The good old Mayor," however, possessed 
 sufficient influence to prevent this plan being 
 carried out. The Earl of Southampton's 'uou.se 
 was also seized, and made to do duty as a gaol. 
 On Saturday, November 4th, the Association of 
 Hants, Sussex, Kent, Surrey, and the town and 
 county of Southampton was officially announced, 
 and Tiiomas Mason. Mayor of Southampton, 
 Avasoneof the Parliamentarian Committee for 
 Hampshire. 
 
 On November 22nd the Parliament was of 
 opinion that Southampton stood in need of 
 further protection, and that it would be Avell to 
 raise an additional local force for that piirpo.sc. 
 The cost of so doing was to be defrayed from 
 certain new exci.se duties, and by the sequestra- 
 tion of the estates of Papists, Cavaliers, and 
 delinquents. The following Committee was 
 therefore appointed : — Richard Norton, Esq., 
 Thomas Mason, Mayor of Southampton, 
 
 Richard Major, Esq., and .Vldermen Edward 
 Hooper, George Gallop, Edward Exton. Robert 
 AVroth, and Henry Bracebridge, Esqs. All 
 things considered, the year 1043 must ha\e 
 witnessed some stirring scenes in Southampton. 
 The Fleming family, who were relatives ';f 
 Oliver Cromwell, and had settled at Stoneham 
 in the days of Good Queen Be.ss, were staunc'i 
 adherents of the Parliament. 
 
 Dr. ISIilncr is of opinion that there was no 
 garrison in either the city or castle of "Win- 
 chester during the early part of the year l<i4:i. 
 But in a history of Winchester, published in 
 1773, we arc told that Sir William Waller left 
 Lord Grandison and some of his troops under a 
 small guard conlincd to the Castle. Soon after 
 Waller's departure. Lord Grandison, with a few 
 of his friend-*, found means to escape, and 
 joining the Royal army at Oxford, prevailed 
 with Lord (then Sir William) Ogle, at the head 
 of his troops to attempt the retaking of ilie 
 Castle, and setting the prisoners at liberty. 
 This enterprise was so effectually performed liy 
 his Lordship that in three daj-s he found him- 
 self not only in actual possession of the castle, 
 but also of all the arms, ammunition, and effects 
 of the enemy. Dr. ^Milner says that the King's 
 secure hold upon the western counties at the 
 close of the year lOI.'J was a great incentive to 
 Hampshire and Sussex Cavaliers to exert them- 
 selves, and that Sir Richard Tichborne, its 
 owner, was mainly instrumental in gaining 
 possession of AVinchester Castle. But what- 
 ever was the date of the Cavalier re-occupati-m 
 of AVinchester, it is certain that Basing House 
 maintained throughout the year an attitude of 
 lirm and uncompromising resistance. Let us 
 return thither.
 
 CiiAi'Tr,i; XII. — Thk Governok or Basing House and Otiikr Offkhhs of the 
 
 Garrison. 
 
 Andover was in safe Royalist keeping, as 
 was also Donnington Castle, near Newbury. 
 These garrisons rendered communication easy 
 between Kent, Surrey, and Sussex on the one 
 side, and on the other Abingdon, Wallingford, 
 Oxford, and the west. 
 
 '• This House hath not oncly been a great 
 annoyance to all the country round about, but 
 hath been a meanes to stop the trading out of the 
 west to London by robbing and pillaging the 
 carriers and clothiers that come from them, it 
 standing near unto the direct road." So speak 
 my Lord Denbigh and Sir Thomas Middleton. 
 Tho Marquis was also able to enforce the pay- 
 ment of the 180/. demanded weekly by the 
 King from each neighbouring hundred of Hants, 
 Berks, and Wilts. A number of women and 
 children had found refuge at Basing House, 
 " wee not having lesso then seavcnscore uselesse 
 mouthcs," and many Royalists had stored their 
 valuables within its walls. Sir William Waller 
 had hitherto been far too busy to be able to 
 think much of cither the Marquis or his doings. 
 But having at lengtli returned from his cam- 
 paign in the western counties, where he had 
 most assuredly lost all claim to be styled 
 '•William the Conqueror" for tho future, he 
 was at liberty to turn his attention to " Loyalty 
 House." The "pure and spotless" Lord Gran- 
 dison, who had formerly done his best to protect 
 the Hampshire fortress, had lately died of 
 wounds received at the taking of Bristol, which 
 surrendered toPrince Rupert on July '2Gth, 1643. 
 
 The garrison of Basing were not taken un- 
 awares. " Upon report of a puissant army 
 under command of Sir William Waller, to be 
 appointed for the taking of it in,ColonellRawdon 
 (or Roj'don) with the rest of his Regiment 
 (being about one hundred and fifty more) is 
 commanded thithc r. The Lord Marquisse taking 
 
 forth commissions, as Colonell and Governor, for 
 the raising of more forces for tho defence of the 
 same." Lieutenant-Colonel Peake was also ap- 
 pointed Lieutenant-Governor. 
 
 The town of Basingstoke favoured the cause 
 of the Parliament, and on Friday, May 19th, 
 1643, it was ordered that whenever a fast was 
 appointed for Wednesday, Basingstoke market 
 should be held on Tuesday. In one of the 
 volumes published by the Camden Society we 
 find many interesting, particulars concerning 
 Colonel Rawdon, the Governor of Basing House, 
 He was descended from the ancient famdy of 
 that name near Leeds, in Yorkshire, and at the 
 age of 16 was taken to London by his elder 
 brother Lawrence, who placed hun in business 
 there, and laid the foundation of his fortunes. 
 Mindful of his kindness, when in after years his 
 younger brother died at Leeds he requested that 
 his nephew and namesake Marmaduke Rawdon, 
 then a boy of sixteen,might be committed to his 
 parental care. 
 
 " When tho younger Marmaduke became a 
 member of his uncle's household the London 
 merchant was in the prime of life, and at the 
 height of prosperity. He had married a wealthy 
 heiress, and was the father of a numerous 
 family. Ho enjoyed the reputation of being 
 one of the most enterprising and successful of 
 the English meicantile adventurers of his day. 
 His transactions extended to almost every part 
 of the known world. He traded largelj^ in the 
 wines both of France and the Peninsula througli 
 agencies or factories established at Bordeaux 
 and Oporto. From the merchants of Holland 
 and the Netherlands ho purchased the produce 
 of the vintages which flourished on the banks 
 of the Rhine and its tribut;iries. To encourage 
 the introduction into tliis country of the wine 
 recently produced in the Canary Islands, ho
 
 Sir Marmaduke Rawdon. 
 
 65 
 
 joined in forming an important factory at 
 Teneriffc. He was among the earliest of the 
 adventurers who invested capital in the cultiva- 
 tion of the sugar plantations of Barbadoes. 
 This island was first settled under the authority 
 of letters patent granted by James I. A sub- 
 sequent grant was made by Charles I." (See 
 "Verncy Papers," ed. Camden Soc, p. l'J3, note.) 
 We learn from the "Calendar of State Papers," 
 1628-2'J, that Mr. M. Rawdon was cither sole or 
 part owner of the following ships in the years 
 1G2G and 1G27 :— -1026, Sept. 15.— Owners, M. 
 Roydon, Rowland Wilson and others. — Trans- 
 port, of London, tonn, 200. Capt. H. West. 
 1627, Jan. 30. — Owner, M. Roydon. — Patience, 
 of London, tonn, 300, Gcorqe, tonn, 80, Capt. 
 Christopher Mitchell. 1G27, Feb. 21st.— 
 Owners, M. Roydon and others. — Vintage, of 
 London, tonn, 140, Capt. R. West." 
 
 " It is said that he was one of the first who 
 rigged out a ship for the discovery of the N.W. 
 Passage. He was a member of the Compv-inyof 
 Turkey Merchants, and he possessed the con- 
 fidence of the French merchants Avho traded 
 with England, and acted as their friendly advo- 
 cate when negociations with our Government to 
 them were before the council-table. We are not 
 surprised to be told that he was much esteemed 
 by the Royal favourite Buckingham, and that 
 he received marked attention from botli the 
 great Duke's masters. King James I. and King 
 Charles I. That JMr. Rawdon was upon terms 
 of friendly and familiar intercourse with the 
 latter monarch is apparent from a letter 
 addressed by him to the Secretary of State, Sir 
 John Coke, which happens to bo preserved 
 among tlie State papers of the year 1G27: — 
 ' Right Honorabl', — After his majestic had 
 read that p't of the Spanish letter that is hear 
 translated, his majestic saide it was of great 
 importance, and commanded me and Cap. 
 Marsh to deliver both tlic oregcnall with the p"t 
 translaited, and this letter from the fatliers at 
 Rome, unto your honneur, till his further 
 pleasure was known. Thcs letters I had wtii. a 
 number of otherri in x sliipp which we tooke at 
 sea with sugars newly conied from Brasill, and 
 finding it of consequence I thouglit it my 
 dcwty to i)resent it to his majestic ; thus 
 humbly kissing your honcurs hands I wisli all 
 health and good fortunes may attend you, — 
 Your honeurs .servanttc to dispo.sc,M.\i{M.\i)LKK 
 Rawuon. Tottnam, tins 7th September.s, 
 
 1G27.' — xiddressed — 'To the Right Honorablo 
 Sir John Coke, Knight, one of his majesties 
 secretaries att Tottnam, thcs.' — Wc gather from 
 this letter that Mr. Rawdon and the Captain of 
 one of his merchant ships had called at the 
 palace and been admitted to an interview with 
 the King. A Spanish vessel freighted with 
 sugars from Brazil had been captured by the 
 Englishman, and her papers seized. Among 
 them were letters which the merchant thought 
 of sufiicient importance to be presented to the 
 notice of his Sovereign. The King was of the 
 same opinion,and in the usual manner commanded 
 them to be laid before liis Secretary of State. 
 In the year 1G28 i\Ir. Rawdon sat in the House 
 of Commons as one of the representatives of 
 the commercial and shipbuilding town of Aid- 
 borough, in the county of Suffolk, but it does 
 not appear that he was returned to any subse- 
 quent Parliament. At an early period of his 
 career he was made a member of the Municipal 
 Corporation of the City of London, but upon 
 being afterwards elected an Alderman he re- 
 fused to accept the ofiice." He was, under 
 Major-General Skippon, Lieut. -Colonel of the 
 1st Regiment of the London Trained Bands, 
 the regimental ancestors of '• The Buffs." Tho 
 standard of this regiment is thus described : 
 '' Gules. The Distinction Argent being Piles 
 Wavey." As soon, however, as Lieut. -Colonel 
 Rawdon perceived tliat '•the citizens were in- 
 clined to the Parliament ' he resigned his com- 
 mission, and in 1G13 joined the King at Oxford. 
 He soon raised a regiment at his own cost, of 
 which he took command. Having been ordered 
 to Basing House, he tliere played a gaUant part, 
 winning for himself the well-earned honour of 
 knighthood. His banner, square in form, bore 
 tlic device of a spotted animal witli a long 
 busliy tail and an elongated snout, and tho 
 motto "Mallem niori (juam tardari" (I'll rather 
 die than stop my course). 
 
 Lord Capel, a relative of tho ^Lanjuis of 
 Winchester, who had large estates in Hamp 
 sliirc. had the device of a crown and sceptre, 
 witli the motto '• Perfectissima gubornatio" 
 (Monarchy tlie best of Govt rnincnts). 
 
 A hostile writer says, '' Colon .d Royden, a 
 decayed merchant of London, wlio lived at 
 Clerkcnwell, and went to Basing to recruit being 
 tho Governor of that CJarrison." Small wonder 
 was it if he were " decayed," for the Parliament 
 loved him not. On Friday, May Vth, HiJ.'J, we
 
 ('.() 
 
 On-ici.ics ()!■• Bahim; IIoupe. 
 
 heai' of '• a ship of ricli trafuiuo l)cloiigiiig to 
 Captain Roydcn " being taken l)y thu Earl of 
 Warwick, and on Tliursday, Suptcinboi- 14th, 
 wo know that his <,'oo(is and tlioso of otliors 
 taken in certain sliips from tlie East Indies 
 were " to l)e soKl by tlie candle," and that the 
 first 401):)/. of the proceeds were to be devoted 
 to the maintenance of Waller's army, which 
 was tlien meditating an attack upon Basing 
 House. Lieutonant-Cohinel Peake, the Lieut. 
 Governor of " Loyalty House" was " sometime 
 picture seller at Holborn Bridge," according to 
 S3-monds, and '• a seller of picture babies" said 
 his opponents. His name is affixed to numerous 
 prints and engravings, which are now rare. He 
 was a man of venerable appearance in his later 
 years, -with a long Avhite beard, like a ball of 
 cotton, as liis portrait, in the possession of Mr. 
 Sapp, of Basingstoke, gives proof. 
 
 Under his orders was another artist, William 
 Fairthorne, his former pupil, who had worked 
 with him for some three or four years previous 
 to the breaking out of the Civil War. In the 
 garrison was also the celebrated '• Wenceslaus 
 Hollar," who belonged to an ancient Bohemian 
 famil}', and was born at Prague in 1G07. His 
 parents destined him for the profession of the 
 law, but his family being ruined and driven into 
 exile by the capture of Prague, he was compelled 
 to support himself by a taste and ability which he 
 had very early exhibited, by the use of the pen 
 and pencil. In 1G3G Thomas, Earl of Arundel, 
 an accomplished connoisseur, when passing 
 through Frankfort, on his way to Vienna, as 
 Ambassador to the Emperor Frederick II., met 
 Hollar, and Avas so pleased with the unassuming 
 manner and talent of the young engraver that 
 he attached him to the suite of the embassy. 
 On his return to England the Earl introduced 
 Hollar to Charles I., and procured him the ap- i 
 pointment of drawing master to tlie young 
 Prince, subsequently Charies II. For a short 
 period all wont well with Hollar, for he now 
 enjoyed the one fitful gleam of sunshine which 
 illumined his toil-worn life. He resided in 
 apartments at Arundel House, and was con- 
 stantly employed by his noble patron in en- 
 graving those treasures of ancient art still 
 known as the Arundelian marbles. But soon 
 the great Civil War broke forth ; Lord Arundel 
 was compelled to seek a refuge on the Con- 
 tinent, whiUt Hollar, with two other artists, 
 
 Peake and Fairthorne, accepted commissions iii 
 
 the King's service. 
 
 Of Lieut. -Colonel Johnson Dr. Chalmers gives 
 the following account (abridged^: — "Thomas 
 Johnson, an English botanist of the 17th cen- 
 tury, was Ijorn at .Sell;y in Yorkshire, and bred 
 an apotliecary in London. He afterwards kept 
 a sliop on Snow ilili. wliero, says Wood, by his 
 unwearied pains and good natural parts he 
 attained to be the best herbalist in England. 
 He was first known to the public by some 
 botanical works, publi.shed in ItjiO and 1G22. 
 which were the first local catalogues of plants 
 published in England. He soon afttr acifuired 
 great credit by his new edition and emendation 
 of 'Gerard's Herbal.' He wrote an account of 
 the flora of the southern counties, and was one 
 of tlie first to botanise in Wales and on the 
 slopes of SnoAvdon. The University of Oxford, in 
 consideration of his merit, learning, and loyalty, 
 conferred upon him the degree of M.D. on May 
 Oth, 1G43. In the army he had the rank of 
 lieutenant-colonel to Sir 3Iarmaduke Rawdon, 
 Governor of Basing House.'' 
 
 Major Cuffand, Cufand, Cuffel, Cufflcs, &c. 
 (his name is variously spelt) belonged to an 
 ancient family, who dwelt in the old Manor 
 House of Culfand or Cufl'ell. which formerly 
 stood at no great distance from the Vine, and, 
 of which the site is marked by an orchard, which 
 is encircled by a brick-lined moat. On the tomb 
 of Simon Cuffand, Avho was interred at Basing- 
 stoke in IGIO, he is described as " Simon Cufand, 
 of Cufand, in Hampshire, 500 years the posses- 
 sion and habitation of gentlemen of that name, 
 his predecessors." On his mother's side •' Simon 
 Cufand was extracted from the Royall blood of 
 the Plantagcnets. He was a man of examplar 
 virtue and patience in grievous crosses, who 
 always lived religiously." Major Cuffand had 
 both Tudor and Plantagcnet Royal blood in his 
 veins, and was in religion a Roman Catholic. 
 Lieut. Cuffand also did good service. Major 
 Langley had been "sometime a mercer in 
 Paternoster-row." The senior captain in Colonel 
 Rawdon's regiment had been a cordwainer or 
 shoemaker ! 
 
 Major RoseAvell had been an apoihecary in 
 the Old Bailey. " Captain Rowlet (Rowland), 
 a scrivener, next door to the sign of the 
 ' George' at Holborn Conduit, and Lieutenant 
 Rowlet, his brother. Lieutenant Ivory (Emery)
 
 OlTKlCK-^ Al 1>.\SIM; HdlSK. 
 
 (57 
 
 sometime a citizen of London (:i vintmn-). En- 
 sign (Ancient) Coram was son of one Coram, a 
 Papist in AVinchestcr. AVilliam Robinson, a 
 Papist, was surgeon to the Lord Alaiquis of 
 
 Winchester." Captain IVugriiic Tasburv was 
 a Hampshire gentleman, and of the d-ed.s of 
 Cornet IJiyan we must s{)eak lien ;ift. :•.
 
 Oil APTKR XIII. — Sir William Wallf.u's Prkpar ations— Lonn CaAwroui) Dekkathd at 
 PddLE— Necessities of Portsmouth— The Associated Counties— London Trained 
 Bands Ordered to Basing — Operations near Farniiam— Desperate Assault on 
 Basing House— Repulse of Sir William Waller at Basing House— Capture of 
 Lord Saltoun— Advance or Sir Ralph Hopton— Sir William Beaten at Basing 
 House — Retreat to Farnham. 
 
 The testing time for Basing House was now 
 fast approaching. On Wednesday. September 
 13th, 1043. an ordinance of Parliament was 
 passed permitting Sir Will iam Waller to impi'ess 
 as soldiers any persons with the exception of 
 the sen'ants of peers, assistants, and attendants 
 of Parliament, and on the following AVednesday 
 he received orders to march at once with all 
 available forces, leaving the remainder of his 
 army to follow as speedily as possible, informa- 
 tion having reached Westminster that Hamp- 
 shire, Portsmouth, Southampton, the Isle of 
 Wight, and the western parts were in great 
 danger, and might be speedily possessed by the 
 enemy if measures of defence ivere any longer 
 delayed. Sir William had previously declared 
 to the Committee of Safety that if the sum of 
 4000?. was paid to him for the support of his 
 army he would march forthwith. On September 
 13th it was decided that he should be appointed 
 Governor of Portsmouth, that important office 
 being vacant, and winter coming on, it being 
 moreover necessary to guard against the attacks 
 of Cavaliers and foreign enemies. '• Certain 
 information" had been told on September 13th 
 that Lord Crawford, who, in the Army List of 
 1G42-3, is said to have been in command of three 
 troops of horse, had been attacked near 
 Lymington by a force from Sussex. Lord 
 Crawford was at the head of three hundred 
 Roj-alist horse, but his opponents slew seven 
 of his men and took 24 prisoners. Had they 
 followed up the pursuit as far as Christchurch, 
 it seems probable that Lord Crawford must 
 have surrendered at discretion. On Mondaj^, 
 September 18th, there was a force of some 2000 
 men said to be under the command of Prince 
 Maurice, Lord Crawford and others reported to 
 bo approaching Southampton with a design of 
 
 laying siege either to that town or to Plymouth, 
 and of afterwards marching into Sussex. 
 
 Towards the close of the month Lord Craw- 
 ford offered a bribe of 200/. for the surrender of 
 Poole. A letter was intercepted, to the effect 
 that the attack would take place upon Sunday. 
 September 24th. Preparations to repel it were 
 at once made, and the assailants fell into a care 
 fully planned ambuscade. Lord Crawford had 
 200 men killed and 50 wounded, according to 
 one journalist, but "'Mercurius Aulicus " say> 
 that only ten men were slain and four taken 
 prisoners. Lord Crawford had a horse killed 
 under him, and he and his party owed their 
 escape to the fact that the gunners of the town 
 did not sufficiently depress their guns. Three 
 hundred arms were taken, and 140/. which had 
 been paid as a bribe found its way into the 
 pocket of Captain Sydenham, who did good 
 service for the Parliament during the siege of 
 Corfe Castle. Colonel Dalbier, "of name and 
 reputation, and good experience in war,'' was 
 wounded at Xewbury Fight about this time, 
 but lived to do much harm to Basing and its 
 stout-hearted garrison. The goods of Sir Mar- 
 maduke Rawdon and other merchants having 
 been duly " sold by the candle." as the order of 
 September 14th directed, the first 4000/. of the 
 proceeds was paid to Sir William Waller accord- 
 ing to his request, and his army of 5000 foot, 
 and between 30 and 40 troops of horse, was 
 ordered to meet him at Windsor on Friday. 
 September 22nd, 1043. A regiment of Dragoons 
 left London for the appointed rendezvous on 
 Tuesday, September 20. One who saw them 
 depart writes thus: "The common saying is 
 Dragooners are a rude multitude, but though 
 they marched not very soberly, yet we will hope 
 better of them." The same' writer adds that
 
 Hnsi ir.i: Pkki'akatiiin.- 
 
 09 
 
 tSir William WMcv iiad -JODO hoi-se and 3000 
 foot already with him at Windsor, and was in 
 ^aily expectation of reinforcements. Governor 
 Mudford was fortifying Southampton during 
 the closing days of September, and Waller was 
 mustering his army upon Hounslow Heath on 
 October 12th. 
 
 In the regiments of the Parliament the 
 Colonels company was 200 .strong, the Lieut. - 
 Colonel's 100, and the Sergeant-^Iajor's (or 
 Major's) 140, whilst seven captains had com- 
 mand of 700 men. Each regiment could muster 
 1200 men besides ofiicers. whilst those in tlie 
 service of the King were lOlHj strong. Each of 
 tlie Parliament's troops of horse had in it two 
 trumj)eters. three corporals, a s.iddler, a farrier, 
 ajid sixty troopers. Sir William Waller in 
 1(U2-;' was captain of the I. "ith Troop of Horse, 
 and Jiad associated with him Lieut. Richard 
 Xewdigate, Cornet FoulkeGrevill, and Quarter- 
 master Francis Grey. 
 
 On Monday, October llUh, Dr. Harris, tlie 
 Warden of Wineliester College, represented to 
 Parliament that being Ijound liy oatli to reside 
 at AVinchester, he could no longer attend the 
 Assembly of Divines at AVestminster, where- 
 upon Mr. Cawdrey, of Great Billinghurst, in 
 the county of Northampton, was appointed in 
 his stead. Sir AVilliam King.smill, the Sheriff 
 of Hampshire, had summoned the Knights, 
 Baronets, Esquires, and Gentlemen of the 
 count}' to meet at Winchester on !Monday, 
 October .'50th, to devise measures for securing 
 the peace of the county, and for checking 
 depredations. Sir William Waller, who had 
 lately ]>een appointed Lieutenant of Farnham 
 Castle, took action at once, obliging the Sherilf 
 to resign his office a week before the appointed 
 time, and i.ssviing an order on October 2',it]i, 
 warnnigall men not to appear, saying that the 
 wiiole business was a plot of the Cavaliers. 
 
 On ()ct<)l)er 2Hth Parliament was informed 
 that Portsmouth was in Avant of a (iovernor, 
 and also of men, money, powder, and matcli. 
 Either Sir Robert Harley or Sir William Erie 
 "stopped the relation of such things in tlie open 
 house ' for tliis is no plaee to mention the state 
 of Portsmoutli in, for 'tis likely His Majesty 
 may come to the knowledge of it.' " After long 
 debate a Committee was appointed to go to 
 Lord Wharton, " who hath a commission from 
 the General (Esse.v) to ])e (iovernor of tliat 
 place," and to ;isk him to resign. Sir Arthur 
 
 I Haslerigg, the constant friend and conn-ude of 
 I Waller, reminded the Hou.se that Sir William 
 AValler had formerly been appointed (ruvi-rnor 
 of Portsmoutli. Nothing was. however, settled, 
 for fear of offending my Lord<Jeneral Essex, 
 between whom and Sir William Waller there 
 was most assuredly no love lost. 
 
 On Saturday. November 4tli. a Decree of 
 Association united in tho cause of the Parlia- 
 ment the counties of Sussex, Kent, Surrey, 
 Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, and the town 
 and county of Southampton. Sir William 
 Waller was appointed Major-G^t-neral of the 
 Association, and a Committee was duly formed 
 to further the interests of the Parliament, of 
 which Richanl Love, of IJa.>-ing, and Thomas 
 Ma.son. Mayor of Southampton, were meml>ers. 
 On Friday. November inth, we hear of the 
 Earl of Essex complaining that the formation 
 of this Association would be very prejudicial 
 to the forces under his command, and saying 
 that his troops were to the full as much in need 
 of provisions and money as were those of Waller. 
 As Ave have already s^'en, Farnham was the 
 Parliamentarian base of operations, and from 
 thence Sir AVilli;im Wallerdetermined toadvance 
 against ]iasing. The four assiiciated ccmnties 
 of Hants, Sussex. Surrey, and Kent paid 2ti:{S/. 
 per week for the support of his army, which 
 was usually .'ilOO strong. It was resolved to 
 occupy Odihain and Alton, and from thence to 
 proceed Ijy gradual approaches ttjwanls Rasing, 
 taking po.s.session of or destroying anything that 
 might prove of service to the enemy. Some of 
 the military authorities thought that I2t>iihor80 
 and ."^OO dragoneers (who did duty both as in- 
 fantry and cavalry) would besutticient to "give 
 a good account " of the House. Others .advised 
 that HOO hor.se. as many dragoneers, and half as 
 many musketeers should be detailed f(»r this 
 service. 
 
 The Red Trained Rands of Westminster, the 
 GreeiiAuxiliariesof London(ColoneR*onyngham 
 was in command when this regiment afterwards 
 surrendered in Cornwall), and the Yellow 
 Auxiliaries of the Tower Hamlets, under Col. 
 AVilloughby, were also ordered to Rasing, which 
 had at this time, according lo a letter written 
 by Lord Winchester, a garrison of 400 nun. 
 
 "Through the kindness of the Rev. T. Mil- 
 lard, it.i>.. Vicar <if iVisingstoke, who has given 
 me very much valuable assistance, we shall be 
 able t<i follow the proceedings of the attacking
 
 70 
 
 On rm. ]\I\i;i ii. 
 
 ftucc without ililTiculty. Dr. IMillanl liaskiudly 
 sent mo tlio iiccouiit <,'iviii liy Lkutcnaiit Klias 
 Archer, who liiinstlf held a coinniaiul in the 
 force, in his •• True Kehition of the IMarcliings 
 of tlic Ileil Trained Bands of AVcstminster. the 
 CJrccn Auxiliaries of London, and the Yellow 
 Auxiliaries of the Tower Hamlets (London, 
 104;^).'' On Tuesday, Oct. 17th. KU.'J. the 
 Yellow Auxiliaries marched from AYcllclose, 
 and on Wednesday, the ^'Mi, effected a junction 
 at "Windsor with their comrades (Green) of 
 London, and (Red) of AVcstminster. On Mon- 
 day, October 3<lth, the wholo force was in 
 motion, and on their march through AVindsor 
 Forest met by appointment some of AA''allcr's 
 horse, liis regiment of foot, and a company of 
 blue coats. Sir AA^illiam AA'aller had just before 
 lost 800 men by desertion, and on October 24th, 
 being Tuesday, 14 others, "belonging to the 
 regiment of one Duett, a foreigner," followed 
 the example of their comrades. But let Lieu- 
 tenant Archer speak for himself. The '• Snap- 
 J'.an musket" mentioned by him is thus described 
 by Mr. Boutell (" Armsand Armour." p. 294.): 
 'The snaphanco. snaphauncc, or flint lock, suc- 
 ceeded towards the close of the l(')th century, 
 probably about the year 1580. Evidently sug- 
 gested by the wheel-lock, it substituted a piece 
 of flint for the pyrites, and instead of the wiieel 
 it had a rough plate of steel. The pull of the 
 trigger caused the flint to strike the steel plate, 
 and by that same act the pan was uncovered, so 
 that the priming powder might be exposed to 
 receive the shower of sparks that would fall 
 upon it. It seems to have been a Dutch inven- 
 tion, and to have by no means a dignified origin, 
 for this lock is said to have been brought into 
 use by certain marauders who by the Dutch 
 were called 'snap-haans,' hcn-sn;ippers, or poul- 
 try-stealers. These worthies could not afford 
 Avheel-locks. and the lighted matches Avere likely 
 to lead to their detection, so they devised their 
 own ' snapliance.' little suspecting, doubtless, 
 that their ingenious invention would be univer- 
 sally adopted, and would maintain its supre- 
 macy during the greater part of three centuries.'' 
 Lieut. Archer says : '' Oct. nOth. we marched to 
 a Greene about a mile from AVindsor. where we 
 made Alt and Rallied our men, each Regiment 
 drawing into a Regimental, forme, where like- 
 wise our Traine of Artillery and AA'aggons of 
 "warre came to us, and so we marched towards 
 Ftvrnam through AVindsor Forest, where in 
 
 th(! Aftornoone we mot Home of Sir NA'illiam 
 AVallor's Troopcs of horse, his owno regiment 
 of foot, and one company of Blew-coats with 
 Snap-ban muskets, whicli guard the traine of 
 Artillery onelj- ; all these marched with us." 
 The whole force halted at nightfall within a 
 mile of Bagshot. After an hour's rest they 
 again advanced, reaching Farnham between one 
 and two o'clock on Tuesday morning. 
 
 On the following day, AA'^odnesday, November 
 1st, all the infantry, with the exception of the 
 Green Regiment, which was quartered at a dis- 
 tance of two miles from the town, was drawn up 
 in Farnliam Park. Including a reinforcement 
 of four companies belonging to the garrison of 
 Farnham Castle, there were present 20 com- 
 panies of infantry, besides horse and dragoons. 
 On the same day a clerk of a company of Sir 
 AA'^illiamAValler'sown Regiment of Foot was .sen- 
 tenced to death by a council of war on a charge 
 of having endeavoured to cause a mutiny in the 
 army. On the next day he Avas hanged on a 
 tree in the park in the presence of the whole 
 force. The Londoners were not unmindful of 
 their kinsmen in the field, sending much pro- 
 vision to them, Avhich Avas very thankfully re- 
 ceived. On November 2nd AValler Avas ?aid to 
 have at Farnham and Guildford betAvecn five 
 and six thousand men, and had surprised at 
 Alton 100 Cavaliers under the command of 
 Colonel Bonnet. The King's forces were con- 
 centrating near Reading, intending to attack 
 AA'aller's army, and on Tuesday, October .30th. 
 the county of Hants Avas ordered to pay the sum 
 of 200/. towards the fund for the relief of the 
 maimed soldiers of the Parliament and of 
 Avidows and orphans who favoured the same 
 cause. 
 
 On Friday. November .3rd, the ;-ogiments 
 marched from Farnham towards Alton, and 
 were revieAved by their General on Bentley 
 Green. The '• field state" showed that there 
 were pi'csent 10 troops of horse, eight companies 
 of Di-agoons, 30 companies of Foot, and a train 
 of Artillery, consisting of ten heaA-y guns, and 
 "six cases of sm.all drakes." After an hour'^^ 
 halt the march toAvards Alton Avas resumed, and 
 that night Elias Archer's regiment was quartered 
 at the little vdlages of East and AA'est AVorld- 
 ham, tAVO miles distant from Alton. Sir Ralph 
 Hopton's forces retired fromAVinchestcr towards 
 Andover and Salisbury at the approach of 
 Waller's army. The pieces of ordnance men-
 
 Ca.mi'.\I(;mn<; in Uampsiiiki; 
 
 tioned abovcmay havcbccu cither domi-culvei ins 
 throwing a 'Jib. shot, with a 'Jib. charge <jf 
 powder ; culvcrins, throwing an J Sib. shot, with 
 an IHlb. charge of powder; or demi-cannons, 
 throwing a ."5' lib. shot, with a liHlb. charge of 
 powder, but were most proliably denii-culvorina. 
 We know, however, that Sir W.Waller had with 
 him fit least one demi-cannon. The small 
 "drakes" were light iield-pieces, sometimes called 
 " saker drakes," which threw a olb. shot, with a 
 .'Jlb. charge of powder. Two " drakes" were 
 often attached to a regiment. 
 
 On November 4th Sir William AValler was 
 said to have with him 4() troops of horse, 
 numbering in all 2000, whilst i;5 troops from 
 Kent were on the march to join liim. Ho had 
 four regiments of foot raised in Kent, Surrey, 
 and Suss.x, and further reinforcements from 
 the latter county were expected, as was also 
 Colonel Wems witli some leather guns (of 
 Avhich more hereafter) and a train of artillerj'. 
 Lord Crawford with a large body of horse was 
 trying to assist the garrison of Basing House. 
 Several skirmishes had taken place, with but 
 slight loss on either side. In one of these 
 skirmislies Waller surprised and made prisoners 
 two troops of Cavaliers bound for Oxford. JTe 
 also took ."j 12 head of cattle coming soutli for 
 sale, "'the property of a great man in Oxford," 
 and sent a party of horse toAvards Andovcr to 
 keep in check Lord Crawford, who was 
 advancing from Salisbury. Saturdaj'. the -1th 
 of November, was a day of rain and snow, 
 whicli compelled Waller's troops, Avlio had 
 mustered in force about two miles from Alton 
 on the road to WincJicster, to return to tlieir 
 (juarters. 
 
 The .')th of Noveml)er witnessed a great muster 
 in the neighbourhood of Alton, and the army 
 took the roatl to AVinchester, but towards 
 evening, when about nine miles distant from 
 that city, turned to the right, halting for the 
 night at the village of Chilton Candover, 
 between Alresford and Basingstoke. The 
 night was Ijitterly cold, and the Londoners, 
 unused to campaigning, failed to appreciate their 
 camping-ground, altliougli at Windsor and else- 
 where they had been usually quartered in barns 
 and outhouses. 
 
 The Karl of Crawford's army from Salisbury 
 was in the neighbourhood of Andovcr, and ad- 
 vancing to the relief of Basing, .so that the 
 Yellow Auxiliaries,being on the extreme left of 
 
 Waller's army, were kept constantly on the 
 alert. On Monday (November (Jlhj the reveille 
 sounded long before the dawn, and about an 
 hour before daybreak the whole force was in 
 motion. The fog was dense, the roads wciv 
 heavy, and marcliing diflicull. so that it wa« 
 past noon before the Jlarquis saw •* Walk :• 
 with the expected army (consistmg of Toiej 
 horse and foot) before the house." "MercuriuH 
 Civicus ' describes the garrison a.s consisting of 
 "the Wo(»dhcads. who are for the most part 
 certaine malignants of the City of London, and 
 parts adjacent." "The Scottish Dove " Kay.« 
 " There are in it divers ladies and gentlemen, 
 and many citizens, and its conceived mucii 
 wealth." "The True Liformer "states "They say 
 that the souldiers and other persons within it, 
 being about oOO.are very resolute and desper.atv, 
 by reason that many of them, being Papists of 
 great estates in those parts, have secured tlie 
 greater part of their treasuri s and riches in 
 that house." 
 
 " The souldier's report concerning Sir Wil 
 Ham Waller's light against Basing House on 
 Sunday last. November 12tli." s.ays that tlse 
 garrison consisted of some oUO men. "all in a 
 manner Papists," and that considerable trcasuie 
 had been brought thither for safety. Basing 
 being the oidy Cavalier .stionghold in the 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 The writer adds that the defences of the 
 house were sufficiently strong to resist cannon 
 shot, and that the house was as large and 
 spacious as the Tower of London. Tiic hou.-^e 
 was " built upright, .so that no man can com- 
 mand tlie loof." upon which certain field-pieces 
 were mounted. These guns were able to haras--^ 
 the besiegers, without danger to thegunncix 
 who served them. The window s were protected 
 by the out-works, and earthworks had becTi 
 tluown up. up()n which the besiegei-s' guns 
 faileil to make any impressitm. The garrison 
 was well supplied with provisions and ammuni 
 tion, and had mounted several guns upon and 
 near the house. 
 
 "Mercurius Aulicus" of Wednesday. Novem- 
 ber loth, says : — " But that which was the chief 
 news of tlie day was an expres-s relation of the 
 siege of Basing Castle, given by those who were 
 eye-witnesses, and behaved themselves too 
 gallantly in tiie service to be guilty of a Ho. 
 which was impartially thus. Sir William 
 Waller, having hovered some eight or ten dayt
 
 72 
 
 'riii: FiicsT AssAi i.T, 
 
 about Fainham and Alton, came Ik'Ioic iJasing 
 Tlouse on Monday. November tith, and tliough 
 bis drums, trum'pi'ts. and guns piocbiimed bis 
 approacli. yet tlif Lonl Marqucssc and tbc rest 
 couM not got sigbt of bimtbrougli tbe greatness 
 of the mist, till about one of the clock, when 
 the sun. breaking and dispersing the mist, dis- 
 covered Waller's whole body to the garrison." 
 A survey was made from "the stately gite 
 iiouso of "the Castle," and the Marquis estimated 
 llie number of bis foes at about seven thousand 
 horse and foot. Warm work was but too evi- 
 dently near at hand. 
 
 One chronicler says that Sir William Waller 
 sent out a party into the park under the pre- 
 tence of hunting deer, who placed some of their 
 number in ambush, and took prisoners about 
 forty of the garrison, who sallied out upon 
 them. " Mercurius Aulicus," however, says that 
 a few rebel horse rode out in front, and that a 
 slight skirmish took place between them, and 
 some cavalry from the house, with no loss on 
 cither side.' A forlorn hope of about ;'00 
 musketeers was then selected from Sir William 
 Waller's army. Captain AVilliam Archer being 
 in command of the detachment of the Tower 
 Hamlet Yellows, and was sent to storm the 
 house. ''Mercurius Aulicus"' says that the 
 strength of this forlorn hope was only 100 men. 
 They boldly advanced '"into a lane between two 
 hedges towards the lower walls, giving fire 
 umain,'" and for a while gained ground. They 
 fought until they had expended all their ammu- 
 nition, and were then relieved by a regiment of 
 Dragoons, who continued the attack until '•the 
 edge of the evening." 
 
 Meanwhile "the army and train" (i.e., the 
 artillery) marched towards Basingstoke, and, 
 crossing the river there, returned '"and came 
 upon a hill over against the house, upon the side 
 of which hill our ordnance were planted." '• Mer- 
 curius'' says that the enemy took post "on the 
 N.W. side of the house," and, says Woodward, 
 '• near where now stands the turnpike-gate." 
 About four o'clock in the afternoon some ten or 
 twelve shots were fired against the house, where- 
 upon a parky was demanded. Tjieut. Archer 
 says that the garrison asked fov a conference, 
 l)ut '• IVIercurius Aulicus" says that Waller sent 
 a trumpeter to demand a parley and to tell the 
 Marquis '• that Sir William Waller, being there 
 in person, had sent him to demand the castle for 
 
 the use of the King and Parliament, and that 
 he offered fair (juarter to all within the castle." 
 
 Whilst negotiationswere in progress twodrakcH 
 or field pieces were suddenly fired from the be- 
 siegers' batteries. Suspicions of treachery were 
 excited, and the trumpeter was at once arrested 
 until a satisfactory explanation was given. It 
 a[)pears that some "scattering powder" became 
 ignited by accident and fired the guns. Mr.Boutell 
 says ("Arms and Armour.' i). 2J"J) "In order to 
 fire the cannon the touch-liolo was filled with 
 fine powder that would ignite and burn with 
 great rapidity, and to this was joined a train of 
 slowly-burning powder, which was laid along 
 the length of the cannon ; this train was fired at 
 the end most distant from the touch-hole, and 
 while the fire was passing leisurely along, the 
 guiniers had time to retire to a .safe distance. 
 The larger the cannon the longer would be the 
 train, and the gunners would have a propor- 
 tionately longer time for their movement out of 
 danger." 
 
 Pending explanation, Lord Winchester sent 
 out a drummer with this answer, " That he 
 understood very well the words ' King and 
 Parliament.' that as they Avere now taken, • the 
 King' was one thing and ' the King and Par- 
 liament' another. That Basing was his own 
 house, which the law told him he might keepi 
 against any man. That it was now more par- 
 ticularly commanded by His Majesty, who had 
 put a garrison into it, beyond which command 
 he knew no obligation." 
 
 Two hours afterwards the ilrummer returned 
 with an apology from Sir William. " excusing 
 the rudeness of his disorderly guns during the 
 parley." and chivalrously offering free passage 
 to the Marchioness, with her children, and also 
 to all women and children within the house. 
 His guns still fired, and the i\Iarchioness returned 
 answer "that slietJianked Cod that she was not 
 in that condition to accept of fair quarter at 
 Sir William Waller's hands, being resolved to 
 run the same fortune as her Lord, knowing that 
 there was a just and all-seeing Judge above. who 
 she hoped w ould have an especial hand in this 
 business, from whom Sir William Waller could 
 pretend no commission. Whatever befel, she 
 was not unprepared to bear it. and so thanked 
 Sir William for his offer of fair quarter." 
 
 After tlie receipt of this answer, the besiegers' 
 guns ceased their fire for an hour, and their 
 trumpeter was sent out of the house '• by a
 
 Caii'lkf, or Tin: Gkangk. 
 
 73 
 
 strange way which he knew not," probably in the 
 direction of the river. '•' They said that there was 
 onely one small leap overpartof a little brooke," 
 instead of which the hai)less "music,'" as trum- 
 peters were then styled, found himself stuck fast 
 in a deep morass. He was obliged to leave his 
 horse," a very stout one, and of about 201. valew," 
 and with difficulty returued to head-quarters, 
 considerably bemircd. 
 
 Orders were given for an attack in force the 
 next morning, and 30 cannon shot were dis- 
 charged against the house about ten o'clock that 
 night, or, as some say, between midnight and 
 four o'clock in the morning. Then came a lull 
 until day-break, the guns being protected by a 
 hastily constructed breastwork. Says Lieut. 
 Elias Archer, '• Some wounded, not four slain 
 outright." 
 
 At daybreak on Tuesday, Xov. 7tli, a very 
 hot fire was poured into the devoted garrison 
 from Sir AVilliam Waller's batteries, which 
 were on the north-west side of Basing House, 
 and which directed their efl."orts against the 
 front of the (J ate Hou.se. There were in 
 position five small guns and a demi-cannon. 
 This latter threw a ."51 ill), shot, with a charge of 
 28lbs. of powder. The garrison could biing 
 only one gun to bear upon those of the 
 assailants, but it did good service, and slew a 
 large numlier of tiic enemy. Nt) one was as yet 
 hurt in the house, and the damage done to the 
 stately structure itself was not considerable. 
 As soon as it was light the Cavaliers had fired 
 all the houses which could possibly provide 
 cover for the assailants, and about nine a.m. 
 Waller again despatclied '• a forlorne hope" 
 against the house, having previously sent a 
 strong party of horse towards Andover to keep 
 the Earl of Crawford's c ivalry from Salisbury 
 from raising the siege Here is an account 
 from one of the "forlori e hofje" : — '• I sent you 
 a letter last Tuesday mcuing, which no sooner 
 T had dfnie but our forces were drawn into a 
 body and ;')()(• men commanded (for) the 
 forlorne hopes. It fell to my captaine's lot. 
 Capt. Warrene, to be commander. Wc ft)ught 
 from ten till si.v, but two of our company 
 wounded. Never in the world was there such 
 desperate service on the very mouths of the 
 cannon with so little loss." 
 
 On the other hand, "Mercurius Auliius" 
 states, on the authority of S(mie of the garrison, 
 that tiie forlorn hope was sent dowJi tiie hill to 
 
 take the Grange atul the New Hou.se. - ihe 
 Castle being to defend both." The attacking 
 force came on boklly through a narrow lane, 
 but a heavy fire was opened upon thcni from a 
 half-moon, and from "divers holes made in the 
 walls, so that they were obliged to retreat with 
 heavy loss. Fresli attacks continued to be made 
 in the same quarter, and three guns were 
 brought to bear on the north side of the New 
 House, whilst other troops were sent to storm 
 the Grange, the attack and defence of which 
 have many points of resemljlance to the fierce 
 .struggle in and around the ciiateau of Hougo- 
 mont at Waterloo. 
 
 Captain Clinson, Sir William Waller's Cap- 
 tain-Lieutenant, a man of great courage and re- 
 solution, " took the CJ range with very little loss." 
 whence having steady aim at the holes, and 
 sighting from easy places, they much annoyed 
 the garrison." Al lalong the north side of the 
 fortifications and outworks, some of which were 
 captured, the fight raged fiercely. 
 
 The attacking force was exposed wiihin 
 pistol shot to the fire of the enemy, and could 
 find scarcely any cover except the church, most 
 of the surrounding buildings having been burnt 
 by the garrison at daybreak. The stornKrii 
 were at length obliged to take shelter in such 
 buildings or ruins as remained standing, from 
 Avhich tliey continued to pour in a well-sustained 
 fire of musketry. Sir William Waller's guns 
 " battering the Castle and the New House" 
 meanwhile. So says " ^Mercurius." (hi the 
 other hand, " Tiie Soldier's Report" speaks as 
 follows: "Our Army had no shelter, not so 
 much as any village hovill, nay, not very many 
 trees, save only by Basing Park side some few 
 young groves, which could not shelter them to 
 an^' advantage : they were constrained to fight 
 in a champion place, which was a great dis;id 
 vantage to Sir William's ainiv. yetdid nothing 
 at all discourage their resolutions. " In spite of 
 all disa<lvantages. however, the forlorn iiope 
 gained a partial success, and. as we have seen, 
 "gained all their outhouses, wherein was much 
 provision of l)read. beere. bacon, pork. milk, 
 creame. pcise, wheat, oats, hay, and such like, 
 besides jjigs ami pnultery. and diveise sorts of 
 household gonds.as brasse. pewter, feather beds, 
 and the like. " 
 
 Thus did the (irange, '".severed by a w.iU and 
 common road. " fall inti> the foenian'slnnds. A 
 good encouragement, truly I Some of thea.H.siil-
 
 74 
 
 Rkitlsk uf Sii{ AV. W.\i.r,i;i: 
 
 ants sat down to cat and drink, whilst others 
 continued iigliting, "and came unto tlie very 
 gates of; the hcniso. ])cat down the turret and 
 divers ehimnics." Was this turret part of " the 
 loftic gate-liousc, with fourc turrets, hioking 
 northwards ?" Dire indeed was the destruction 
 of eliininey pots hy tlie besiegers. This was due 
 to tlu'ir anxiety to dismount '' ccrtuino drakes 
 which are upon the roofe of tlic said house, 
 whcrewitli they arc able to play upon our army, 
 though we discern them not." Fighting and 
 feasting went on simultaneously, revellers and 
 warriors alike being constantly relieved by fresh 
 parties, each of Avhich had some men killed or 
 wounded. Sir Willi ani Waller failed to secure 
 his prize '• by reason of the absence of his Cira- 
 nadocs, petards, and other engines to blow in the 
 gates;" but the garrison were so hard pressed 
 that they again sounded a parley, and offered to 
 surrender if they might depart, bag and bag- 
 gage. These terms were refused, and to it they 
 Avent again. 
 
 It would never do to allow the Roundheads to 
 feast on Cavalier stores at the very gates, and 
 accordingly, hard as was the necessity, the 
 Marquis decided to destroy tlie provisions which 
 had been intended to feed the garrison during 
 many a long month. Lieutenant-Colonels Peake 
 and Johnson determined upon a desperate sortie. 
 Meanwhile the strife continued with unabated 
 fuiy all along the lino of the defences on the 
 north side. At least one sergeant (whose 
 name has not been left on record, but who was 
 nevertheless a brave man) and a few men were 
 selected for this dangerous duty. The gallaut 
 old Governor, Colonel Marmadukc Rawdon, 
 aged as he was, had still a heart of fire, and 
 sallied forth likewise with the little band of 
 heroes. Deadly, indeed, Avas the fire poured 
 upon them, and desperate were the hand-to-hand 
 combats that took place. But right gallantly 
 was the service performed. They " hred the 
 outhouses and barns adjoining to them, Avhich 
 were full of wheat and other grain," old Colonel 
 Rawdon cheering on his musketeers and saying 
 that "lie knew thatWaller would not stay it out." 
 Lieut.-Coloncl Johnson, at the head of twenty- 
 live men, penetrated as far as '• the very Grange 
 yard." Here he was singled out as an antago- 
 nist by Captain Clinson, and a hand-to-hand 
 .struggle followed. Colonel Johnson's life was 
 only saved '■ by two or three stout fellows of 
 the garrison." Overpowered by numbers, Capt. 
 
 Clinson was slain, his comnii.'^^Hion being after- 
 wards found in his pocket. Lieutenant Archer 
 says that the man nor of his death was as follows : 
 — " Sir William Waller's Captain-Lieutenant, 
 a man of great courage and resolution," lost his 
 way. and was kiilcil, with many men, in a lane by 
 two drakes, or lield-pieces. loaded with case shot. 
 The lower road to liasingstoke, in all accounts 
 of the siege, is called '• the lane, " and, as may 
 easily be seen, it is commanded by a tower 
 pieiced for guns of small calibre, such a.s 
 were then styled drakes, minions, Hcc. It 
 is possible, therefore, that the present cross- 
 road was the .scene of thisslaughter. Lieutenant 
 Archer states that none of the as-sailants 
 
 the Grange. 
 •'Mercurius'' 
 many killed 
 being burnt 
 
 were killed during the fight at 
 although some wei-e wounded, 
 says, however, that they lost 
 and wounded, some of them 
 to death in the barn. The party in the hou.se 
 found that retreat was to the full as hazardous 
 as their sallying forth had been. '• The sergeant 
 wiiieh led them was killed, and most of his men, 
 in the yard between the house and the barn." 
 How is it possible to reconcile such a statement 
 as this with the declaration of the Marquis that 
 only one of the defenders was killedand another 
 wounded, or with the statement of '• Mercurius " 
 that the loss of the garrison was only two slain. , 
 one of whom was '• their youngest gunner ud 
 three Avounded," or the assertion of the same 
 journal that only one of the ganison was 
 Avounded, and not one slain'/ At any rate tie 
 approach of night and the combined influence of 
 '• fire, sword, and Avater" compelled Sir William 
 Waller's men to relinquish their hold upon the 
 fiercely contested, and nov>' completely destroyed 
 Grange, leaving behind them some arms, and 
 m;iny killed and Avounded. The assjiilantsonce 
 more bivouacked in the fields, " Avherein our 
 lodging and our service did not Avell agiee. the 
 one being so hot. an<l the other so cold." Their 
 loss Avas estimated at Oxford to have been at 
 least ].'»0 killed and as many Avouaded. 
 
 On the following day, Wednesday, Xovcmber 
 Sth, Sir AVilliam Waller, Avho is said to have 
 meanwhile kept a detachment at Winchester, 
 drcAv off his forces, and retired to the town of 
 Basingstoke, Avhich Avas full of Avounded men, 
 one doctor alone having no less than eighty 
 under treatment. The Marquis of Winchester 
 sent into Basingstoke a cartload of Waller's 
 Avounded, and Cavaliers at Oxford asserted that
 
 A II KM Pi:i/.i;. 
 
 75 
 
 Sir William rlctaineJ both the carter and his 
 team. But this statement was but too probably 
 !i partisan slander, as such a meanness would 
 have been totally at variance with the character 
 of Waller, who, by the way. had his best gun 
 broken during the attack. There was urgent 
 need for wariness on the part of Sir William, 
 who, repulsed at Basing, ha<l now to prevent, if 
 possible, the advance of Sir Ralph Hopton. 
 
 On Saturday. November 11th, news had 
 reached London that Hopton had concentrated 
 his forces from Salisbury, Andover, Malmc.sbury, 
 and elsewhere at Winchester, and that Sir 
 William Waller, in no wise loth to give him 
 battle, had drawn off from Basing House, 
 and had quartered his men at Basing- 
 stoke, the Yino, and intermediate places. 
 Tlie remainder of the week was devoted to rest 
 ami refreshment, but the Roundhead hoi se Avero 
 by no means idle, scouring the country far and 
 wide, and making raids into the adjacent 
 counties. The reasons assigned for Sir Ralph 
 Hopton's delay in succouring Basing were that 
 Sir William Waller was both .able and anxious 
 to fight ; that the noblemen and gentry under 
 the command of Hopton were unwilling to risk 
 another battle similar to that fought at New- 
 bury only a few weeks before (Sept. *JOth. 
 I<i4!}) ; that they wished to await the arrival of 
 some Scottish reinforcements, and that the 
 army Avas in M'ant of arms and gunpowder. 
 
 (Jn Thursday, Nov. Dth, there assembled at 
 tlie house of Master Legay. an active adherent 
 of the Parliament at Southampton, some two 
 hundred of the townsmen, who had taken tiie 
 Solemn League and Covenant, to keep a solemn 
 fast, and to pray for the success of Sir William 
 Waller. On the same day there was a motion 
 made in the House of Commons that " all re- 
 cords and writings of antiquity in Basing and 
 other places might not be as common plunder !" 
 
 On the day of the retreat from Basing, the 
 Roundhead troopers secured a rich prize. Lord 
 Saltoun, or as one Avriter styles him. Lord 
 Sultan, in company with a certain Friar King, 
 his confessor, and several companions, who.sc 
 number is vai'iously given as three, twelve, and 
 tliirty, liad landed on the coast of Sussex, after 
 liaving been successfully employed in France as 
 :i collector of monies in ai<l of the Royal cause. 
 He had with him a sum of monej' variously 
 estimated at .".OO^. iVMI/., •_'()()()/., .'jr.Oll/., 4iM)0/"., 
 r>l>0(l/., and (JOIKI/., with which he intended to 
 
 rai.se two troops of horse in the western cuiinties. 
 He was also tlie bearer of important desjiatchcs 
 from the French Court. Sir William Walhr 
 had a week's notice of his intended arrival, and 
 .sent out Captain Gardiner, who was conmi'inly 
 styled the Mayor of Evesham, with his owii 
 troop and some other horse, who intercepted 
 him and his party at Newbury, on their wa}- to 
 Oxford. Captain Gardiner brought his prisoners 
 to Basingstoke, in which town the present "Bell 
 Inn" vas the usual pi ice of confinement. From 
 Basingstoke they were afterwards transferred 
 to Farnham Castle, and were at length sent up 
 to London to be de.ilt with according to the 
 good pleasure of the Parliament. After Waller 
 had retired, the ^larquis wrote an account of 
 the fight to Secretary Nichola.'s. who writes thua 
 to Prince Rapert : — 
 
 '• Monday last Waller sat down before Basing 
 House, and Wednesday last he drew off his 
 ordnance and forces to Basingstoke, a mile 
 distant, where he now lies with all his forces, 
 and threatens to return thither to a.s.sault the 
 place again, and hath sent for scaling ladders to 
 Windsor for that purpose. The Z\Iai(iui> of 
 AVinchester writes cheerfully, saitli he hath 4<li> 
 men and three weeks victualling, and that he 
 hath killed divers of the rebels, and lost only 
 one mm and one hurt. Sir F. Berkeley was, on 
 Wednesday last, at Huntington, twenty miles 
 on tliis side of Exeter, witli four regiments of 
 foot, and v.ill, we hope, be at Winchester on 
 Monday next. " The Earl of Newjiort was at 
 this time ]\Iaster-(Jeneral of the Ordname. He 
 was appointed on September •Jnd, li">:54, and held 
 office until the Restoration, when he was sus- 
 pended. He at once despatrlnd the scaling 
 ladders asked for by Waller, but fortunately for 
 Basing Hou.se they came to hand t oo lite for 
 the great assiult, which took place on Sunday, 
 November 1:2th, Itj-li). Coneentr.iting his forces 
 from the various positions whicii they occupied 
 between Basingstoke and the Vine, and b'ing 
 now furnished " with now sup|)ly and fiiework.s 
 from London," Sir William Waller, at the lie.id 
 of fromOOOU toHHiiO infantry, together with 
 five regiments of dragoons and ten guns, 
 marched towards Basing on that Noviniber 
 Sunday morning. He had an ample supply of 
 petards, givnadcs, as slulls were then styled, 
 and ammnnilioi), nor had ladders, which Lieut. 
 Archer says were not s.-aling ladders, been 
 forgotten. The cavalry reached Basing about
 
 76 
 
 Till", AsSAI I.T Rl.NKWKIl. 
 
 :ui liour before noon, and halting' witliin musket 
 wliot of the house, began to taunt the garrison, 
 saying. " Wliere's your Ilopton V Prince 
 llupjrt liatli but tliroe men ," »^c. This martial 
 raillery continued until a gun, which liad in the 
 meantime been placed in position, opened fire, 
 not witliout reply from one of the Jield-picccs 
 nionntt'd upon tlie roof of the house. The 
 artillery duel was kept up with spirit until 
 the neighl)ouring clocks struck twelve, when 
 the assailants, who liad previously formed up in 
 three divisions well supplied with petards and 
 ladders, rushed forward for a simultaneous 
 attack. Lieut. -Colonel Johnson had foreseen 
 this manoeuvre, and, before the storming party 
 on the south-west side of the house could enter 
 the defences opposed to them, he led out thirty 
 musketeers into a lane under the half moon. 
 This little force suddenly appeared, fired a 
 volley, and retreated. The enemy pursued into 
 a Avinding lane, until they c.vme within range of 
 the half moon, the fire from which proved fatal 
 to not a few. Thrice was Lieut. -Colonel John- 
 son successful in thus luring the enemy to their 
 own destruction. 
 
 Sir William "Waller sent a party of ")()') men 
 from the middle of the park, to storm "the 
 Castle," but a small gun upon the ramparts 
 loaded with cisj shot killed about a dozen of 
 them, and wounded many others, Avhereupon 
 the survivors refused to advance again. The 
 stormers came sufficiently close to permit the 
 women to take part in the fight by hurling l^ricks, 
 tiles, and stones from the roofs of the various 
 buildings. Tlie artillery had by this time made 
 several breaches in the defences, which seemed 
 practicable, at anj^ rate, so sa^-s the chronicler, 
 but practicable breaches are not usually made in 
 so short a time with guns of small calibre. On 
 the north and north-cast the enemy having the 
 protection of a small wood, felt sure of gaining 
 the Xew House with eas,}, and concentrated here 
 most of their guns and about "JitO:) men. The 
 Westminster Trained Bands and the St. 
 Kathcrine's Regiment, better known as the 
 Auxiliaries of the Tower Hamlets, were posted 
 at this point. For two full hours did Waller's 
 guns awake the echoes with their deep toned 
 voices, which must have sounded but grimly on 
 that Sunday afternoon, until about two o'clock, 
 when the stormers were seen issuing from the 
 wood, bringing with them drakes or field-pieces, 
 "and two Icid of ladders." They advanced 
 
 until they came within afewAardsof theCastle, 
 the circular site of which is still hugely con- 
 spicuous, crowded into the ditch, forced the 
 garrison to beat a hasty retreat frcmx a half- 
 moon, and planted an ensign in the ditch. 
 Under the eye of Sir William Waller himself, 
 and guided l)y two deserters from the garrison, 
 who had undertaken to point out the weakest 
 points of the defences, they fixed a petard on 
 the j.amb of the gate, which, liowever, fortu- 
 nately for the garrison, was so strongly liarricaded 
 that the explosion did little or no harm. And 
 now the courage of some began to fail. We are 
 told "that the St. Katherine's Regiment was abso 
 faulty at Basing, especially the officers of those 
 regiments whom Sir William could not get to 
 some up so far as the front of his horse, where 
 he .stood in person." They absolutely refused 
 to relieve their comrades, who gallantly main- 
 tained tlie fight until ammunition failed them, 
 and fixed a petard in the wrong place, " upon a 
 gate so strongly rampired within that it could 
 not be stirred. Some of the officers and soldiers 
 were very valiant." Those belonging to Sir 
 William Waller's own regiment received e.special 
 commendations for valour, advancing as they 
 did clo.se to the very gates, and taking aim at 
 the .soldiers of the garrison. All those within 
 the house are said to have done their duty man- - 
 fully. Colonel Rawdon and his officers armed 
 with muskets fought side by side with their 
 men, and the Marchioness of Winchester, and 
 all the ladies who had found shelter within the 
 walls, cast bullets with the lead hastily stripped 
 from roofs and turrets. At some period or 
 other of the operations at Basing during the 
 Civil War, the Chapel of the Holy Ghostat 
 Basingstoke was also despoiled of its lead, 
 which was found useful to kill Cavaliers. The 
 lead froni Basing Church also disappeared, each 
 party in this case laying the blame on the other. 
 In no wise disheartened by the failure of their 
 petard, the stormers in the ditch shouted loudly, 
 " All is our own." But they reckoned without 
 their host. " An ingenious and vigilant German 
 in the Castle" was on the alert. Was his name 
 "Humphrcj- Yanderblin. engineer ■:"" We know- 
 that " the foreign engineer" did much to 
 strengthen the defences of Loyalty House, and 
 in the list of prisoners tiken by Cromwell at 
 Basing we find the name of " Humphrey 
 Yanderblin, engineer." AVhatever his name 
 may have been. " the ingenious and vigilant
 
 The Retreat from Basing House. 
 
 German" saved Basing House that day. "Whilst 
 the petard was being fixed to the gate by the 
 storming party, the wily Teuton was busily 
 knocking a hole in the north end of the build- 
 ings, with a view of opening fire upon the right 
 flank of the assailants. His intention was per- 
 ceived, and he was greeted with a few volleys 
 of musketry. In no wise daunted, he, with two 
 or three comrades, completed the opening, and 
 returned the leaden compliments with interest 
 killing three or four of the opponents. Encou- 
 raged by this success, and by the failure of the 
 enemy's petard, the garrison, by a determined 
 attack, retook the half-moon, " whereupon the 
 rebels lose heart, and many men as well." Their 
 ammunition was beginning to fail, and they 
 looked in vain for suppo.-t from their faint- 
 hearted comrades. Whilst the dragoons and 
 many of the other soldiers fought with great 
 courage, the "Westminster Regiment is said to 
 have been less eager for the fray than were 
 certain others. Some thought that '' Captain 
 White, the keeper of my Lord Petre's house" 
 in Aldcrsgate-street, then used as a Cavalier 
 prison, '• would not go on for fear of displeasing 
 his prisoners," his office being worth 1.500/. per 
 annum to him, whilst others were of opinion 
 that the soldiers of Westminster were unwilling 
 to proceed to extremities, hoping as they did 
 for the speedy return of the King to his Palace 
 at Whitehall. 
 
 The Complete Intelligencer, of November '21st, 
 1643, says that "the house was extremely well 
 fortified, and inaccessible for storming. The 
 Trained Bands offered their lives to Sir William 
 Waller in any service against men, but were 
 loth to venture further against walls. We 
 must excuse them, they being young and raw 
 soldiers, and not yet frosted abroad." 
 
 Small wonder was it, therefore, that unsup- 
 ported, without ammunition, with an active and 
 inspirited foe pressing them hard both in front 
 and on their flank, and perceiving tlic repulse of 
 the other columns, that Sir William Waller's 
 men at length fell back in considerable disorder, 
 and retreated through the little Avood in all 
 haste. Tiiey left behind tliem their two field 
 pieces, their ladders, and the colour whicli they 
 had planted in the ditch. This latter trophy of 
 victory '• the soldiers wislied to take, but were 
 held back for foar of ambuscade." During tliis 
 day's figliting seventy or eighty of the "NVost- 
 miuster men were accidentally shot by their 
 
 comrades. The front rank fired too soon, and 
 whilst in the act of retiring had to face a volley 
 from their friends in the rear, and the garrison, 
 firing one or two field pieces at the same moment, 
 increased the slaughter. Lieutenant Archer 
 speaks of the Westminster Trained Bands as 
 " being designed to set upon the south-west 
 part of the house through the park, being upon 
 a plain level ground before the wall without 
 any defence or shelter." 
 
 Sir William Waller himself shunned no 
 danger, and proved himself on that day, as 
 indeed he had ofttimcs before, u valiant soldier. 
 Fighting continued until it was too dark to 
 distinguish the loopholes and embrasures. About 
 three o'clock in the afternoon of that .short 
 November day the wind began to rise, and 
 heavy rain fell. 
 
 Darkness and stress of weather combined 
 obliged Sir William to sound a retreat, and 
 drawing off his forces to the distance of half-a- 
 mile he himself lay all night in the midst of his 
 men upon some straw in the open meadow, in- 
 tending to renew the attack upon the morrow. 
 About ten o'clock at night "the London youths 
 of the Auxiliary Regiment" were sent towards 
 the house to bring off the field pieces, ti-c. which 
 had been perforce abandoned that afternoon. 
 They succeeded in removing the guns and some 
 petards without loss to themselves, according to 
 their own account, but "Mercurius Aulicus" 
 says this bold enterprise cost about twenty of 
 them their lives. For this achievement tho 
 Regiment was publicly commended and re- 
 warded by Sir William Waller. The "Green 
 Regiment," of which Colonel Rawdon had 
 formerly been tho lieutenant-colonel, suffered 
 most of all the regiments engaged, and a lieu- 
 tenant in Waller's army writes thus : — " Bazing 
 House is absolutely the strongest place in 
 England, and requires a summer's siege. By 
 report of some prisoners, we have taken a great 
 number of their men, and divers gentlewomen 
 and ladies of great quality. The Green Kegi- 
 ment did bravely at Bazing. Captain "NVeb, 
 tlierefore, to bo Sergeant-Major {i.e., Major) ; 
 his Lieutenant Master Evcret to be made a 
 Captain upon the next opportunity." 
 
 It rained all tliat sad Sunday night, the hours 
 of which, though comparatively free from war's 
 alarms, were mournfully employed in the burial 
 of the dead, with tho exception of about thirty, 
 whose bodies were lying close to the defences of
 
 78 
 
 Waller Retires to Farniiam 
 
 the house. The garrison made prize of " more 
 than 1"J(' muskets Avith rests, two great brass 
 petards, divers liand granadoes. three barrels of 
 powder, mucli matcli, several heaps of bullet 
 whicli lay upon the ground, halberts, half pikes, 
 and scaling ladders." 
 
 One of tlie deserters who gave information to 
 Waller had formerly served under that General. 
 He had been taken prisoner at the battle of 
 Eouudway Down, and had taken service in the 
 army of the King, onlj' to desert at the first 
 opportunity, but now found a grave at Basing. 
 One wounded man who la}' very close to the 
 fortifications, with his leg shattered by a cannon 
 shot, was asked " AVhat the King had done to 
 him that he should take up arms against him ?" 
 His onlj- reply was to take his knife and to cut 
 his OAVU throat. During the first day's fighting 
 "the youngest gunner'' of the garrison was 
 killed, and Sir William W'aller having reasons 
 to suspect the fidelity of one of his own gunners, 
 placed him under arrest, and afterwards hanged 
 him. 
 
 On the morning of November 13th "much 
 rain " was but too evidently the order of the 
 day, and it was decided by a Council of War to 
 retire to Basingstoke and Farnham in order '• to 
 refresh the army to receive the western Wood- 
 heads." This complimentary title referred to 
 Sir Ralph Hopton and his relieving force, which, 
 according to the reports of spies sent out in 
 search of information through by-ways and our 
 pleasant Hampshire woodlands, was said to be 
 at least 6000 strong. When Waller's men 
 reached Basingstoke they found scaling ladders, 
 grenades, and ammunition from London await- 
 ing them. Sir William's loss was variously es- 
 timated, but Lieutenant Archer considered that 
 it amounted to some 250 to 300 in the three 
 days' fighting, whilst " Mercurius Aulicus " 
 says that he lost 1000 in killed and wounded. 
 One account says that how many of the 
 Cavaliers "'are hurt we cannot tell, nor what 
 detriment they received, save only one of their 
 
 cows, which being frighted with the noise of the 
 guns, leaped over the wall, l>y which it seems to 
 be of great thickness." It was suggested that 
 mining would prove more successful than a 
 direct attack, and such was the expectation of 
 success in London that wagers were laid upon 
 the Exchange that Sir "\Villiam Waller was 
 actually in possession of Basing House. Lieut. - 
 Colonel Peake was falsely reported to have been 
 killed, as indeed he was on several other occa- 
 sions, together with certain other officers and 
 "malignant citizens." 
 
 The Marquis of Winchester says that the 
 result of the nine days' blockade and three 
 days' fighting was the retreat of Waller, 
 "having dishonoured and bruised his army, 
 whereof abundance were lost, without tlie death 
 of more than two in the garrison, and some 
 little injury to the house by battery." 
 
 Monday, November 13th, being a very 
 tempestuous day, the besiegers, as we have seen, 
 retired to Basingstoke, and spent the day in 
 refreshing themselves and drying their clothes. 
 The next day there was an alarm that Sir 
 Ralph Hopton was advancing to the relief of 
 Lord Winchester, and a detachment of Cavaliers- 
 drove in the Roundhead picquets at Basingstoke, 
 whereupon Waller's army quartered in the 
 fields two miles from Basing. On Wednesday, 
 the loth, the whole besieging force retreated td 
 Farnham, which was reached at two p.m.. the 
 Marquis being by no means sorry to see them 
 depart, though without any ceremonious leave- 
 taking. "Mercurius''says that Sir WilliamWaller 
 had 1000 men killed and wounded at Basing, 
 and that he speedily lost 1200 others by 
 desertion. So ended the first attack in force 
 upon Basing House. L'pon his arrival at 
 Farnham, Waller established his head quarters 
 there, and at once asked for reinforcements, 
 which were readily granted by the Parliament. 
 He also '• began to fortifie the towne with 
 breast workes and the like."
 
 Chapter XIV.-Defexce of tue Isle of Wight — Tun Marquis of Wixche.-»tf.r Accl-3ei> 
 OF High Trkason — Affairs at Portsmouth — Sir "William Waller at Farnham — 
 Advance of Lord Hoptox — Occupation of Winchester — Skirmish and Trouules 
 AT Odiham — Expedition to Midiiurst — Fighting at Fakvham — How Sir William 
 Waller avas Reinforced. 
 
 Leaving Sir AVilliam Waller for a-whilo at 
 Farnham, we must briefly chronicle the course 
 of events in other parts of the county. The 
 Generals of the Parliament had not been on the 
 most friendly terms. 
 
 In August, 1G43, the Earl of Manchester 
 having been appointed Sergeant-Major-General 
 or Commander in-Chief in the Eastern Counties, 
 the Earl of Essex, not without some grumbling, 
 conceded to Sir William Waller the chief com- 
 mand of a force to be raised in London. At 
 length, on September "iSth, Essex assured the 
 Parliament "that he will begin upon a new 
 score, and give Waller the best encourage- 
 ment he can." 
 
 On October 7th thirty pieces of ordnance 
 with their due proportion of shot were ordered 
 by the House of Commons to be sent to the Isle 
 of Wight, and on Monday, October 10th, in 
 consequence of a petition numerously signed by 
 the inhabitants, an order was given that the 
 Earl of Warwick should send some ships of 
 strength speedily for the defence of the island. 
 Mr. Lisle, one of the Members for W'inchcster, 
 was directed to bring in an ordinance for the 
 raising of soldiers to be stationed in the Isle of 
 Wight and at Hurst Castle. Colonel Came, the 
 Lieutenant-Governor of the island, was called 
 in, and gave an account of several things which 
 he considered needful to be done, whereupon he 
 received the thanks of the House for his care 
 and fidelity, and was ordered to repair to his 
 command without delay. 
 
 On Wednesday, October 18th, an intercepted 
 warrant for the raising of money which had 
 been issued by the j\Iarquis of Winchester was 
 read in the House, whereupon it was ordered 
 " That the 3Iarquis of Winchester's estate be 
 forthwith sequcstred. That the Marquis of 
 Winchester bo accused of high treason, and 
 Mr. Browne is to bring iu a charge against him." 
 
 On the following day Mr. Lisle was deputed 
 to request the Earl of Essex to grant Sir 
 Gregory Morton a commission to raise liA> men 
 for the defence of the Isle of Wight, and on 
 Tuesday, Oct. 24th, Sir William Waller was to 
 be officially informed or the arrival of some of 
 the King's troops at Horsham in Sussex. 
 
 On Thursday, Nov. 2nd, Mr. Walter Erie, 
 Mr. Lisle, and Mr. Long received directions to 
 go forthwith to the Earl of Essex, and to ask 
 him on behalf of the House of Commons to 
 consider in what dangerous condition Sir Wil- 
 liam Waller is in at this present, to acquaint 
 His Excellency that the enemy has drawn his 
 main force towards Sir AVilliam, and to request 
 all the assistance which Essex may be able to 
 give. Two days later my Lord General Essex 
 reports that most of the enemy liaving with- 
 drawn in the direction of Xorthamptonsliiro, 
 Waller is in no immediate danger, and that as 
 to Portsmouth " lie would have the House 
 settle a constant pay for that garrison, .and he 
 would keep it in his own hands and put in a 
 sufficient deputy." He wishes that the present 
 Committee may continue to be responsible for 
 the defence of Portsmouth. This was agreed 
 to, witli the addition of tluce member.*, viz.. Sir 
 Thomas Jervoise, Mr. Button, and Mr. Lisle. 
 On Friday, Xov. Did, tlie Earl of Warwick, the 
 Admiral of the Parli imcnt, was ordered not to 
 allow any strangers or aliens, witli the exception 
 of merchants, to land in England, and three 
 days afterwards loou/. Avas directed to be paid 
 for the supply of the garrison of Portsmouth. 
 
 On Tuesday an order w.as p.assed " for sc- 
 questring the rectory of the parish cliurch of 
 Alverstokc, in the county of Soutliampton, 
 whereof Mr. lloolfc is now rector, iuto the 
 hands of ^Ir. Anthony Prouse, [Master of Arts, 
 a godly, learned, and orthodox divine, who is 
 appointed to olliciato said cure, and to preach
 
 80 
 
 Occupation of Winch lster. 
 
 diligently to the parishioners, antl to receive the ' 
 rents and profits belonging unto it, paying all 
 duties due unto His Majesty."' The various 
 high-constables received orders not to send in 
 any more money or provisions to the quarters 
 occupied by Sir AV. Waller's army for the 
 l>rcsent, and it was settled that 42 ships, viz., 
 1.*^ of the King's ships and pinnaces and 24 
 merchants' ships and pinnaces, '' be forthwith 
 sent for as a winter guard for the safety and 
 security of the English, Irish, and Scottish 
 coasts." 
 
 On Friday, November 10th, Lord Inchiquin 
 was ordered to be charged with high treason for 
 having sent ti'oops from Ireland to fight against 
 the Parliament, and on Wednesday, November 
 22ud, men-of-war from Bristol and Wexford 
 were repoi ted as being at Dublin in readiness to 
 bring over a larger force. We shall meet this 
 " Irish Brigade" again on Cheriton Down. 
 
 On Saturday, November 11th, Sir J. Leo and 
 ]\Ir. Lisle arc to be repaid from the funds des- 
 tined for the defence of the Isle of Wight all 
 expenses incurred by them in sending soldiers 
 thither. On Monday, November 13th, the Com- 
 mittee of Safety was exhorted to send speedily 
 the 1400 foot and the horse commanded by Sir 
 A. Haselrig to Sir William Waller, " and to 
 consider of a settled way of payment'' for his 
 men. On Wednesday, November loth. Sir A. 
 Haselrig and Mr. Trenchard were bidden to 
 write a letter to SirW.AValler to explain why the 
 House of Commons has sent 500 of his men to 
 the siege of Plymouth, and to ask if he can pos- 
 sibly spare ."lOO others, who are still to be under 
 his command, for the same destination. 
 
 After his repulse at Basing House Sir Wil- 
 liam Waller reached Farnham at two o'clock in 
 the afternoon of Wednesday. November 15th, 
 and at once made proclamation by drum-beat 
 that all soldiers under his command should forth- 
 with muster in the park. The names of all de- 
 serters and of men absent without leave were 
 then duly recorded, and several of the culprits, 
 being soon afterwards arrested in Westminster 
 and Clerkenwell, were ordered to be sent down 
 to Farnham. there to be tried by a council of 
 war. or, as we should now say. by a court- 
 mariial. Lieutenant Archer says, "In the time 
 that we lay there (Farnham) we had divers 
 alarms and other accidents." 
 
 Sir AVilliam Morley. m.p., who had fought for 
 the King at Chichester during the previous year, 
 
 about this time paid a fine of 1000/. to the garri- 
 son of Portsmouth, and the sequestration of his 
 estate ceased on September 0th, 1G4,3. Lord 
 Hopton had meanwhile been doing his utmost 
 to assist the Hampshire Cavaliers. Towards the 
 end of the year 1G43 the King was in posses- 
 sion of Bristol and the whole West of England. 
 The Parliament had no stronghold in Wiltshire, 
 and possessed only one or two towns in Hamp- 
 shire, the people of the county being strongly op- 
 posed to them. We learn from Clarendon (Book 
 VIII.) that both armies having retired into 
 winter quarters, great efforts were made in 
 London to despatch Sir William to the west, 
 with a powerful force. Prince Maurice was 
 besieging Plymouth, which was expected to sur- 
 render ere long. The King therefore determined 
 to oppose Waller's march, so that he might be 
 unable to raise the siege of Plymouth. Sir 
 William, afterwards Lord, Ogle, with the assist- 
 ance of Sir Richard Tichbornc and eight other 
 Hampshire Cavaliers, secured Winchester Castle 
 for the King, and materially strengthened 
 its defences, with the idea of making 
 it a rendezvous for an army then 
 collecting in the west. Sir William 
 Waller, who was Major-General of the 
 four associated counties of Kent, Surrey. 
 Hants, and Sussex, was not without well-wisherg 
 in AVinchester, to the Castle of which indeed he 
 laid claim, and they did not fail to exert them- 
 selves on his behalf. In his '• Vindication of 
 the Character apd Conduct of Sir William 
 Waller, Knight," he says (p. 202). with refer- 
 ence to his leavmg England for Holland in 
 1647, " As for that suggestion that I should 
 make over or transport with me great sums of 
 money, it is as untrue as that fiction of the 
 butter barrels was ridiculous. I acknowledge 
 the sending of some goods of mine into the Low 
 Countries to Rotterdam about two or three 
 months, if I remember not. before I was in- 
 forced to take that course with myself : all was 
 nothing but household stuff: the best part 
 whereof I had. by the care of a good friend, 
 saved out of Winchester Castle but a few hours 
 before the King's party seized upon it. and the 
 rest I bought at London ; but there was neither 
 penny of money nor ounce of plate that 
 travailed with it. But whatever there was. it 
 was viewed and allowed at the Custom House 
 before the ship went off with it, which I hope 
 may serve to give satisfaction to all reasonable
 
 Skirmish at Odiha.m. 
 
 81 
 
 people that I meant plainly and honestly, and 
 may shew that there was nothing acted to put 
 any cheat upon the state." So that the fittings 
 of Winchester Castle must be sought for 
 in the homes of the portly burghers of 
 Rotterdam and the Hague. Sir "William 
 Waller speedily frustrated Lord Ogle's plans 
 by his vigilance and activity. But for a while 
 things seemed as favourable as the most ardent 
 Royalists could desire. There is evidence that 
 the Cavaliers occupied Winchester during tho 
 month of October, 1G43, for, in the Corporation 
 records, which I have been permitted to examine 
 through the kindness of the Mayor, E. D. God- 
 win, Esq., and of W. Bailey. Esq., the Town 
 Clerk, the follov/ing significant cntrj' occurs : — 
 " 27th October, 1G43. Fifty pounds lent to Sir 
 William Ogle and CollonellGerrard.'' In vain, 
 however, do v/c search for any record of repay- 
 ment of these monies. A history of Winchester 
 published in 1773, which has been already re- 
 ferred to, says of Sir William Ogle, " Tiis first 
 care was to strengthen his newly acquired 
 garrison, and render it as inaccessible as art 
 could invent, wisely considering that its situa- 
 tion rendering it the principal key of the whole 
 western country, it might be made a convenient 
 and serviceable rendezvous for his Roj-al master. 
 He, therefore, lost no time in putting this busi- 
 ness into execution, and happily meeting with 
 the concurrence and mutual assistance of the 
 Mayor and citizens, he not onlj' re-fortified the 
 Castle, but put tlie city itself into a much better 
 posture of defence than it had bccninformanj- 
 years before ; immediately after which the 
 western army marched into it, consisting of 
 3000 foot and l.'iOO horse under the command 
 of Lord Ilopton." Francis Baigent, Esq.. to 
 whom also my best thanks are due. says : — ''The 
 defences to tlic west of the Castle were some 
 entrenchments tlirown up at the spot kno\\n as 
 Oram's Arbour, wliicli was formerly the train- 
 ing ground for the City Trained Band and tlio 
 place wlicre tlic people assembled for the county 
 elections. There were traces of these en- 
 trenchments visible some 30 or 40 years ago, 
 if not later." 
 
 The city was also fortified in a more modern 
 style towards the east, on St. Giles' Hill, l^-c. 
 As Chri.stmas drew near Lord Hopton arrived. 
 in company with ]3aron Stratton, at the head of 
 a force which hi.s influence had collected in the 
 west, together with a portion of the garrison of 
 
 Bristol. '* He had in a short time raised a 
 pretty body of foot and horse." Sir Clrirlcs 
 Vavasour and that veteran soldier Sir John 
 Pawlet joined him with two very good tliuugh 
 numerically weak regiments, which, together 
 with a good troop of horse under the command 
 of Captain Bridges, had been brought over from 
 Munster to Bristol at tho cessation of hostilities. 
 Lord Hopton now found himself sufficiently 
 strong to advance first to Salisbury, and shortly 
 afterwards to Winchester. Hero he was jtiincd 
 by Sir John Berkeley with two other infantry 
 regiments whicli he had raised in Dor.sct.«hire, 
 making his whole force amount to some ;5'.KX) 
 foot and l.'iUO horse. Winchester was an ad- 
 mirable base of operations, and ore long booamc 
 such a centre of Royalist activity that Waller 
 was obliged to halt at Farnham on his wostv.-ard 
 march, and to request additional reinforce 
 monts f rom London, with which, as we ha" 
 seen, he was duly furnished. 
 
 Tv.o days after Sir AVilliam Waller had been 
 repulsed at Basing Lord Hopton made an ad- 
 vance from Wincliester, with either the whole 
 or a portion of his force, and the garrison of 
 Loyalty House had " the liberty of farther for 
 tifying, v/hich thus, as time and number would 
 permit, made up. is rather strong than regular." 
 
 Lord Hopton was a brave man and (.xcellent 
 officer, who sought not for preferment at Court, 
 checked pillage, and protected rustics, "fulfil- 
 ling wliat he esteemed the duty of a faithful 
 subject with all the humanity of a good citizen." 
 
 On Thursday, November ItJth. there was 
 despatched an account to the I'arlianunt of the 
 operations at Basing, and on the same day a 
 strong force of cavalry and infantry was sent 
 by Sir William Walkr to beat up Lord Ilopton's 
 head-quarters at Odiliam. Tho hedges wore 
 found to be lined witli musketeers, who kept up 
 a galling fire. The country people, on being 
 questioned, gave information tliat the 
 main body of tlio Cavaliers had fallen b-ick 
 towards Alton and Alrcsfm-d. fo that "only 
 some of their straggling, pillaging forces were 
 taken." The quiet little town of Odihani. of 
 which all men know the broad street and huge 
 chalkpit, had its full share in the troubles in 
 separable from the Civil War. The present 
 Vicar has done much to throw light upon (,Miurcli 
 matters during this stormy period. He has 
 ascertained tliat tlie Rev. Bezalccl Manwaring, 
 Yicar of Odiham. was buried on January iMth,
 
 Parish Registers. 
 
 1 (Ul . According to local tradition, his successor 
 was ejected in the depth of winter, and turned 
 into the street when tlio snow lay deep upon 
 the ground. His wife's sufferings wore so great 
 tliat some kindly-hearted neighbours were 
 scarcely able to give her shelter before an infant 
 made a premature appearance in what was indeed 
 to its parents a world of sorrow. 
 
 The Rev. Mordecai Kaddens, a Presbyterian 
 minister, occupied the vicarage during the Com- 
 monwealth, but for what length of time is un- 
 certain. In the record of his burial, on Oct. 
 10th, 170,3, he is described as "minister." It 
 is some six times noted in the register that at 
 this time banns were publislied in tho market- 
 place. "1G54, Nov. — The intent of marriage 
 between Edward Demole, husbandman, and 
 Barbara Cope, spinster, both of Newnham. was 
 published in the market, 11th, 18th, 2oth Xov." 
 It was in those days, even as now, " well to be 
 off with tho old love before you are on with 
 the new."' for we are told : "Mar. 3rd, 1G54. — 
 Received by the hands of Thomas Washani, in 
 the behalf of Alice Washam, his sister, an 
 interdiction of publishing the intent of marriage 
 between William Knight, of Upton Grey, 
 gentleman, and Anne Millingate, upon occasion 
 of a pre-contract." If, however, the course of 
 true love ran smoothly on, despite all proverbs 
 to the contrary, the Magistrates' aid and bless- 
 ing was invoked : " 1G53, Nov. 2nd. — The 
 marriage between Edward Mills and Mary 
 Draper was solemnised by Francis Tylney, Esq., 
 Justice of the Peace, according to an Act of 
 Parliament of tho 24th of August, touching 
 marriages." 
 
 Parish registers and other records could be 
 only imperfectly kept at this time. The con- 
 scientious Parish Clerk of Odiham made the 
 following entry : — " There will come a time 
 that men will come to search in this book (the 
 baptismal register) for the names of their chil- 
 dren, and in regard that they cannot find their 
 names here written, let them not blame me for 
 it, but look upon their own selves, for since the 
 wars began in this land there have been many 
 that have been baptised that I never knew of, 
 neither have I had timely notice of them ; 
 nevertheless I know that the blame will be laid 
 upon me. Thomas Hooker, Parish Clerk, 1G52." 
 The parish register of Basing previous to and 
 during the Civil War has perished, and John 
 Chase, Notary Public and Chapter Clerk and 
 
 Registrar of Winchester Cathedral, bigns his 
 name to the following entry, dated l".)th of 
 April, 1G43 : — " In Domo iMunimeutorum 
 Ecclias, Cathis Sctaa Trinitatis. AVinton. This 
 should have been placed in tlic beginning of this 
 book, being the first time that I began to order 
 the muniment hou.sc after the same was the first 
 time defaced and spoiled, and divers writings 
 taken away (14th December, 1G42). The muni- 
 ment house (after I had ordered the writings, 
 charters, deeds, and muniments found there, 
 and bound them up according to the table 
 mentioned in this book, in their several boxes 
 and places, thereby to find them by tho 
 direction of this book), was the second time by 
 the army and soldiery broken up. and all ray 
 ledgers and register books taken away : tho 
 records, charters, deeds, writings, and muniments 
 lost ; divers of them burnt ; divers of them 
 thrown into the river ; divers large parchments, 
 they made kites, withal, to fly in the air, and 
 many of the old, books lost, to the utter spoiling 
 and destruction of the same muniment and 
 charterhouse ; many of which deeds and writings 
 may be supposed to have been kept and to have 
 been there for many hundred, of years, as by the 
 dates taken by me, and mentioned in this book, 
 doth appear." Strangely enough, quiet, peace- 
 ful Odiham felt also the remote effects of the 
 great Napoleonic wars. A number of French 
 officers resided there on parole in the cottages 
 round the Chalk Pit. A fine oak on the Winch- 
 field-road, still known as the Frenchmen's oak, 
 about a mile from the town, marks the limit of 
 their permitted walk. Two of them died 
 here, to one of whom there is a monument in the 
 churchyard. But to resume our narrative of 
 events. 
 
 On Friday, November 17th. Sir William 
 Waller was at Farnham, and Lord Hopton at 
 Basing. Cavalier scouts were everywhere on 
 the alert, and news had reached London from 
 Portsmouth that some of Hopton "s men having 
 organised a foray, the country people fired the 
 bsacons, which had been placed in readiness, 
 rose as one man, and forced the plunderers to 
 return to their quarters. On Friday, November 
 17th, Waller on his part likewise sent out 
 Captain Oakley with 45 men, who made a 
 march of twelve miles into the enemies' quarters 
 to a market town, called Methouse (Midhurst), 
 a few miles from Petworth. Two other troops 
 of horse had been also detailed for this expc-
 
 The London Trained Bands. 
 
 83 
 
 dition, but coming late to the rendezvous, 
 Capt. Oakley marched without them. When ho 
 and his small detachment were within six miles 
 of Midhurst, some rustics informed him that 
 150 Cavalier horse had visited the town that 
 morning, but had just left for Petworth. in- 
 tending to return to Midhurst that same nicjht. 
 *• It was thouglit that if we came not (to Mid- 
 hurst) with a very strong party, the town, being 
 very malignant (i.e. loyal), and store of Papists 
 in it, would have risen against us ; jct was this 
 valiant Captain nothing at all discouraged, but 
 resolved to march thither." On his arrival Capt. 
 Oakley posted his sentries at all the entrances 
 into the town, of which he kept possession for 
 two hours. Three Cavaliers who had been left 
 in the town by their comrades were made pri- 
 soners, several horses were seized. '' and some 
 store of cloth which was taken from Papists 
 and malignants there to clothe the foot." The 
 little baud then returned unmolested to the 
 headquarters of the army. 
 
 On Saturday, Nov. 18th, Lieutenant Archer 
 makes a note : '• There came to us much provi- 
 sion of victuals and strong waters to our regi- 
 ment, which was very thankfully received, 
 although, thanks be to God, we had no great 
 scarcity before." On the same day the Com- 
 mittee for Westminster, sitting at Worcester 
 House, was directed to furnish a list of all 
 deserters from the Westminster Regiment, with 
 a view to their apprehension. A sum of 5000/. 
 ■was to be paid to Sir William Waller, to whom 
 Mr. Reynolds was to write a letter of encourage- 
 ment, assuring him that as many soldiers as 
 possible should be sent without delay. The 
 four associated counties of Kent, Surrey, Sussex, 
 and Hants were to bo warned " to send all the 
 assistance that may bo." Sundry deserters 
 ere long found themselves in durance vile 
 at Westminster and Clerkcnwell, awaiting the 
 decision of a Court-Martial. In the armies 
 of the King it was the rule to execute 
 deserters immediately after their capture. 
 Sir William Waller himself was by no means 
 happy, but was, on the contrary, full of anxiety. 
 He complained that his men were in want of 
 pay, " and also tliat tliey were not so at com- 
 mand as was to be desired." Ho therefore 
 begged for reinforcements from the Committee 
 of Militia for London, saying that ho liad only 
 from 1200 to 1400 foot and 15 troops of hoi-sc, 
 12 of which were from Kent. Colonel Morley's 
 
 Sussex Regiment refused to march to join him 
 until they had received their arrears of pay. and 
 Colonel Norton's Hampshire Regiment had not 
 yet effected a junction with him. His spies, 
 whom ho had sent out to lie in the woods, 
 reported that Hopton had at least 5i>ii> men 
 with him, and some prisoners stated the Cavaliers 
 were only two or three miles distant, with a 
 force of 2000 foot and 40 troops of liorso. Sir 
 William, almost despairing of success, adds 
 '• that he put himself into God's protection !" 
 The Westminster Trained Bands were anxious 
 to recover their reputation for valour, which 
 had been somewhat discounted at Basing : but 
 it seems probable that if Hopton had but attacked 
 in force upon that memorable Saturday, tho 
 result of the campaign in tho Southern counties 
 would have been very different. But tlie golden 
 opportunity thus lost never again presi.ntcd 
 itself. Instead of pressing theirattackhome. the 
 Cavaliers contented themselves with giving an 
 alarm to Waller's Kentisli Horse, who woro cjuar- 
 tcred at Guildford, by means of small recon- 
 noitring parties wiio penetrated as far as Pir- 
 bright and other places in tho neighbourhood. 
 Lord Hopton meanwhile made a leisurely ad- 
 vance towards Farnham. Waller, who was 
 anxiously awaiting t!ie arrival of the Kentish 
 Horse from Guildford, drew out the few troops 
 which he had with him, and boldly f.aced his foo 
 on a heath, at a distance of three or four miles 
 from Farnham. Both forces sent out forlorn 
 hopes, winch faced each otherfor about an hour. 
 Waller's men then received orders to charge, 
 whereupon their opponents fell back upon their 
 main body. Waller.seeingtheir retreat, advanced 
 in force, on which Hopton drew off his troops in 
 good order witliout fighting. It was generally 
 supposed that the Welshmen, who were numer- 
 ous in tho Roj'alist ranks, were much indispo.scd 
 to fight at so groat a distance from their moun- 
 tain liomos. 
 
 Before tlie dawn of Sund.ay, November 19th. 
 the Kentish Horse, 400 in number, had joined 
 Sir William Waller, who now felt somewhat 
 more at ease. He, however, sent an express to 
 London, urging the immediate despatcii of the 
 150() men wliich he liad been promised as a rein- 
 forcement, saying that Ho|)ton was within a 
 mile of him with an army collected from Read- 
 ing. Oxford, and elsewhere, which was at least 
 • twice as numerous as his own. 
 
 During the morning hours the Cavaliers
 
 81 
 
 FlCMITINCi AT FaHNIIAM. 
 
 iippoarcd " upon Beacon Hill, a mile from 
 Farnham," or, according to another account, 
 •• upon a hill two miles from Farnham," causing 
 Waller's men to muster in the Park. An artil- 
 lery duel was carried on at long range, and the 
 two armies watched one another for some hours. 
 Lord Ilopton fearing to make an attack in force, 
 as his enemy had received an accession of 
 strength. At length Sir William Waller sent 
 out some cavalry to fire upon the hostile ranks, 
 and " our horse faced theirs until three o'clock 
 in the afternoon, and sent forth scouts, who 
 fired upon the enemy (the Cavaliers) and killed 
 some of them, but we had not one man hurt." 
 
 November days are but of short duration, and 
 as yet AValler's scouts had only '• slain two 
 straggling Cavaliers and taken three horses 
 besides those Avho were hurt." Their Round- 
 head comrades were becoming impatient, and 
 towards evening a strong party of horse and 
 foot, including the red-coated Trained Bands 
 of Westminster, made a vigorous charge, 
 and made the Cavaliers retire down the 
 hill towards Crondall, which was only 
 a mile distant from the scene of action. As 
 they retreated they lined the hedges of the 
 narrow lanes with musketeers, and Waller, 
 fearing an ambuscade, drew off towards Farn- 
 ham. During the night a party of Lord Hop- 
 ton's horse tried to beat up Sir William Waller's 
 quarters, but the latter, having received timely 
 warning, sent out three bodies of cavalry with 
 a total strength of 300 sabres, who took pri- 
 soners, 30 or 40, or 60 troopers, as chroniclers 
 variously relate, a sergeant-major (or major), 
 two captains, with others, and slew some 25 
 moi"e. But follov*-ing up the pursuit too hotly, 
 the victors, when they at length drew rein, were 
 saluted with volleys of musketry from the hedges, 
 which '• did much hurt, killing some and wound- 
 ing others ; so that the purchase proved not 
 much worth, costing some men's lives, a few of 
 whom being worth many horse." During this 
 week there was also a skirmish in Wiltshire, in 
 which Lord Crawford was wounded, losing 12 
 horses and having several men placed hors dc 
 combat, whereupon he fell back upon a position 
 nearer to Lord Hopton's main body. 
 
 On Thursday, November IGth, all the horse- 
 men under the command of Sir Arthur Haslerig, 
 '• being all compleat and experienced soldiers," 
 were summoned by beat of drum, upon pain of ' 
 death, to appear on Friday, NovemSer 1 7th, in 
 
 the New Artillery Ground, in order to march to 
 Sir William Waller. Clarendon thus graphically 
 describes this regiment : — '• A fresh regiment of 
 Horse, under the command of Sir Arthur 
 ILaslerig, which were so compleatly armed that 
 they were called by the other side the regiment 
 of lobsters, because of their bright iron shells 
 with which they were covered being perfect 
 cuirassiers, and were the first so armed on either 
 side, and the first that made any impression 
 upon the King's Horse,w-ho,being unarmed, were 
 not able to bear a shock with them. Besides that 
 they were secure from hurts of the sword, which 
 Avcre almost the only weapons the others were 
 furnished with." 
 
 Invincible, however, as they had hitherto 
 proved, these bold cuirassiers had been charged 
 by Lord Byron at the head of his gallant 
 "Blacks " on Roundway Down on July 13th of 
 this same year, and had, after a fierce struggle, 
 in which Sir Arthur received many wounds, at 
 length been broken. 
 
 The early hours of Monday, November 20th, 
 saw them on the march from London in the 
 direction of Farnham, where Sir William 
 Waller was anxiously awaiting their arrival, as 
 well he might, for by nine in the morning a 
 strong body of Cavalier horse and foot appeared 
 upon the hill between Crondall and Farnham, 
 which caused a muster of the Parliamentarians 
 in the Park. Their guns, which were 
 originally planted at a distance of a 
 mile and a-half from Lord Hopton's 
 cavalry, were, in consequence of the advance of 
 the latter, able to open fire about an hour before 
 noon, a party of Roundhead troopers having 
 ridden up the hill and formed up to support 
 them in rear. The gunners speedily got the 
 range, and.according to the reports of prisoners, 
 did great execution. Seven men were killed 
 by the first discharge, and few shots missed their 
 mark. After a protracted artiller}- duel, the 
 Roundhead cavalry made a charge, and diverted 
 the attention of the enemy from a body of 
 infantry, who, advancing without molestation, 
 charged in their turn. Sir William Waller's 
 men had the field word of "The Lord of Hosts," 
 their opponents having selected "The Prince of 
 Wales." Thus charged by cavalry and infantry 
 simultaneously, the Cavalier horse " wheeled 
 about and fled down the hill, and their foot, 
 being always behind the horse on the side of 
 the hill, were not drawn up at all, and i-etreated
 
 Raising of Funds. 
 
 85 
 
 while their horse stood for their roserve." In 
 other words, Lord Hopton's cavalry covered a 
 retreat in good order. Eight Cavaliers were 
 captured, one of whom was a trumpeter, or 
 "music." Lord Hopton carried off his killed 
 and wounded, estimated by their opponents to 
 be more than 40 in number, " but the m^xt day 
 we found four of their horse killed, and much 
 blood." So says tlie Parliament irian scribe, 
 who only admits the loss of one ram on his own 
 side. On this eventful Mond y the Kentish 
 rogiment reached Farnham from Guild fo-d. and 
 five companies of Sir A. Haslerig's regiment of 
 foot wen; also a welcome reinforcement to Sir 
 William Waller. 
 
 Before sunset on Tuesday, Xovember 21st, 
 Colon<d Richard Norton, the " Idle Dick Nor- 
 ton" of the hero of Xaseby Fight, had reached 
 Waller's head-quarters from Sonthimpton at 
 the head of his famous corp> of " Hambludon 
 Boys," and Colonel Morley had arrived from 
 Kent, liis regiment having at length consented 
 to march, on the understanding that they were 
 to receive their full arrears of pay on reaching 
 Farnham. The county of Kent hail already 
 sent ")00 horse and foot, and was raising loOO 
 more men for Waller, whose strength was now 
 estimated at 400i). On this day some of his 
 soldiers went to a park cilled " The Holt." 
 about a mile and a-half from Farnham. to kill 
 deer, and, taking advantage of a thick mist, the 
 Cavaliers' scouts surprised and captured nine of 
 Captain Lovett's men. 
 
 On Wednesday, November 22nd. as various 
 merchants had been sending frequent requi.si- 
 tions for convoy, Parliament ordered that !!• 
 men-of-war and 23 merchant ships should be 
 detailed as a winter guard for the shores of 
 Great Britain and Ireland. This was the more 
 necessary, as the Cavaliers were known to have 
 sixteen ships at Bristol and Barnstaple, and to 
 be fitting out otliers. The Housr- of Commons 
 passed an ordinance on Wednesdaj', Novemljer 
 22nd, directing the Governor of Poole to send 
 up to London the horses captured when Lord 
 Crawford unsu-^cessfully attacked the town. 
 The steeds were to be sold, and the proceeds 
 divided amongst the garrison of Poole. Some 
 rings and tol)acco which had been seized en 
 route for Oxford were likewise ordered to be 
 Bold "by the appointment and directions of Mr. 
 Jennour." The money realised liy the sale 
 was to be spent in sending to Sir William Waller 
 
 " those forces that lie on tlie County of Mid- 
 dlesex," after the inform -r liad received his 
 promised reward. "Mr. Tr nchard, Chairmin 
 toth 'Committe -of Ace )unts," vi is to sen 1 these 
 m^n.toget'ier with certain arms, to .Sir William 
 Wilier. Tiie arms in qii>,-stion wore ii the 
 custody of Captain Ellingworth, of wh »m wo 
 read on DecembM- '.'th. \u\.\. "Captain Filing- 
 worth shall be tried l)v a (Council of War for 
 cheating the State by false musters, and selling 
 and pawning, and embezzling Ins solJiers" arm* 
 allowed by the State." 
 
 .Says Lieutenant Archer, on Nov. 2.'Jrd : 
 •• There came to us at F'arnham a very fiir 
 regiment of lior.se. an 1 a company of dragoons, 
 consisting of 12t) out of Kent, under the com- 
 mand of Sir Miles L'w-;v d.iivesay). " Serc-ant- 
 ^lajor. or, as we shoi Id style him. Major W -bb, 
 who had. as we have seen, earned promotion 
 ])efore the walls of stubbondy defended 
 Basing, withsom^of the green-coated London 
 Trained Bands was this d.iy .sent, together with 
 other forces, from Farnham, to aid in the relief 
 of Plvmouth, to which Prince M.iuricc and Sir 
 Ricliard had laid siege. Sir Willi.im Waller 
 also wrote a letter to the P.irliaincnt, which was 
 read in the House of Commons two days after- 
 wards, when it was agreed that .')(••«)/. should 
 be raised for the supply of his army. " upon the 
 credit of the Ex' ise," 2il(i()/. of which was to be 
 paid to him without delay. This I.att<'r sura 
 was promptly furnished by Alderman Towsc, 
 in consideration of interest at the rate <»f ei<;ht 
 percent. Sir William thus writes in his •• Vin- 
 di -ation." " An<l foi the payment of arrears I 
 mav say I was for it to the uttermost farthing. 
 I may not say who were against it. but those 
 who seemed to be pillars, or somewhat, whatso- 
 ever they were itmakcth no mitter to me. con- 
 tributed nothing, nav. gave their flat negative 
 to it. And. truely, heroin \ ilid but discharge 
 mv conscience, for I waseverof opinion tint a 
 soldier's pay is the justest d.-bt in the world. 
 For if it be a crying sin to keep back the w.ages 
 of an hireling, that doth but sweat for us, it 
 must needs be a roaring altitonant sin to detain 
 pay of the soldier that bl.(-ds for ns. There is 
 a cry of blood in it. and Gid will make inqui- 
 sition for it ! " Well and nobly said, .Sir 
 William I He also stated in his letter that a 
 battle was imminent, and that he was in great 
 need of "some able officers." The Earl of 
 Es-sex received orders to send him some, and
 
 8G 
 
 Military Exixution. 
 
 Mr. Troncliurd was to " take sprcdy ordrr to 
 s.nd unto Sir William Waller Capt in Carr's 
 troop." 
 
 There was a ropoiton Friday, November 24th 
 that the King had m irchcd to IJasing House at 
 the head of 2ti0() iiors(.>, intending to cooperate 
 with Lord Ilopton in an attack upon Farnham 
 Castle. Accordingly, about ten oMock in the 
 morning the colouis were hoisted on the cattle, 
 and the aimy was drawn up in the paik, where 
 it to no puiposj awaited an attack. A paity of 
 horse was on the same day sent fioin Farniiani 
 into Sussex after Sir Edwaid Ford, " to make 
 an end of his SheiilF yeir."" After the morn- 
 ing's '"alaim " the Cavaliers retired to Odiham, 
 and their enemies wore able to rofiesh them- 
 selves. A r port reac ed Oxfoid that Hopton 
 had beaten Waller back to London, and the 
 Queen, ovei joyed at the intelligence, "gave the 
 messenger 4/. U)s., all she had in her purse!" 
 But the tidings weic false, for on Saturday, 
 November 25th. the Earl of Essex was preparing 
 to send reinforcements to Farnliam, and the 
 county of Kent was raising a force of 2 00 in- 
 fantry, and was likewise fortifying Tunbiidge 
 and Sevenoaksto check the advance of Hopton. 
 It seems somewhat doubtful whether theie was 
 & skiimish on Sund:;y, November 2Gth, in 
 which Loid Hopton gave Sir William Waller 
 a few* ^hot, losing, however, about ItO of his 
 own men, or whether the somewhat vague 
 actount does not refer to the day of the retreat 
 to Crondall. The Suriey troops liaving been 
 withdiawn fiom their homes towards Fainham, 
 it seemed not impiobable that Lord Hopton 
 •would march upen Guildfoid. To keep him in 
 check until his own main body could aiiivo 
 fiom Farnham Sir M illiam "Waller summoned 
 all the men of Surrey between tlie ages of six- 
 teen and sixty to muster at Guildfoid in de- 
 fence of the county. Entiencbments were being 
 constiucted at Farnham, and several challenges 
 to fight a pitched battle were sent to Hopton 
 by his old fiicnd and ever courteous antagonist 
 "Waller, who al^-o on seveial otcasicns 1 ung out 
 flags of defiar.ce at Fainham Castle. Sir Wil- 
 liam's own woids are, "The war I abhorred, 
 though I acted in it as upon the defensive, 
 which I thought justifiable, but it was ever 
 ■with a wish that the swoid, as it was labled of 
 Hercul. s his, might be dipped in oil rather than 
 in blood ; that the difference might end rather in a 
 peace than a conquest ; that, as it fell out in 
 
 the detision between Zcnoclcs and Euripides, 
 tiic one p irty might not iiave the worse, no; the 
 other the better, but sik h an accommodation 
 might take effect as might be with saving of 
 honour to King and Parliament, whereby both 
 miglit have the best." 
 
 Certain stragglers from Lord Hopton 'a force 
 plundered an old woman's cottage near Farn- 
 ham, and stole her bedding, of whii h the 
 Parliamentarian newspapersdidnot fail to make 
 much stern and satirical mention. Captain 
 Bitl y, a deserter fiom the aimy of the P.irlia- 
 ment, was taken and condemned to death by a 
 council of war, and we learn from Lieutenant 
 Archer that during these operatinns Bartholo- 
 mew EUicot, who had formerly been a butcher 
 n ;ar Temple Bar. and who had al.so been a 
 captain in the army of the Pa liament, was 
 taken prisoner, whilst fighting for the King. 
 He had not only deserted from the army of the 
 Earl of Es.sex, but had also appropriated money 
 intended I or t!ie payment of the 3')ldieis. He 
 could expect no mercy, and on Wednesday, 
 December Gth, he was tiangcd in the market- 
 place at Farnham. He had. in addition to his 
 other offences against the Parliament, dcme his 
 lest to betray the town of Aylesbury to the 
 Cavalieis. One who saw the execution has left 
 on lecord that " he died in a miserable condi- 
 tion, justiying himself in the Acts, and con- 
 demning t le Councel of Warre which found him 
 woithy of death." 
 
 Lord Hopton's forces were scattered through- 
 out Hampshire, and on the morning of Moi.day, 
 Nov. 27th, he sent a party towards Farnham 
 from the direction of Crondall. whic i was 
 greeted by a hot fire from the artillery of the 
 castle, and from some guns pi iced in position 
 in the park. Thiee shots killed 17 h( rses 
 and 15 men. There was a report that the King 
 was to dine at Basing House that day. having 
 brought with him " 2000 or 3000 horse and some 
 strength of foot," with the intentionof can j-ing 
 oft" the ganison and tieasuie. and of "•slight- 
 ing" or dismantling the fortress, and that a paity 
 had in consequence been sent out to Crondall in 
 order to prevent any unwelcome intrusion on 
 the part of the Farnham garrison. Thisiumour 
 probably arose from tlio fact that " divers of 
 His Majesiie's servants and attendants" had 
 lately come "fiom Oxford with the Prince's 
 (Rupert's) owne regiment to the aid oi the Lord 
 Hopton." Clarendon says that " Sir Jacob Astley
 
 Skirmish near Farnham. 
 
 87 
 
 was likewise sent to him (Hopton) from Re id- 
 ing with lUUO commanded men, of that garrison, 
 W illingford, and Oxford; which supply no 
 sooner arrived at \V^inchester,but theLoidHopton 
 resolved to visit Wallers (juarters, if it were 
 possible to eng ge ; however that he might 
 judge by the posture he was in whether lie were 
 li»e to pursue liispuiposeforthe West. Waller 
 "Was then quartered at Farnh im ;ind t e %illages 
 adjacent, from whence he drew out his men, and 
 faced the enemy as if he intended to figl)t, but 
 after some light skirmishes for a day or two, in 
 which he always receiveti loss, he retired into the 
 Castle of Farnliam, a place of some strength, and 
 drew his army into t'le town." G.illed by this 
 aitilleiy tire, the Cavaliers were oijliged to retreat 
 towards Croud ill, tiotly pursued by the civalry 
 of Sir William Waller. Beaten out of the vill ige, 
 tlioy were soon gallopingathe idlongspced towaid 
 Odiham and B isingstoko, some of them having 
 only lately rjached Farnham fiom Basing House, 
 to the garrison of wlii h they belonu'ed. When 
 the muster roll was called that evening, a i\Iajor, 
 a Lieutenant, and GU hoi.ses were reported as 
 having fallen into tliehandsof the enemy, whilst 
 thirty men were either killed, wounded, or 
 missing. The pursuers, who leturned laden with 
 vaiious kindsof booty to Farnham,only admitted 
 a loss of six men. 
 
 Tuesday, November 28th, witnessed the 
 despatch of a party of horse and dragoons from 
 Farnham towards Odiham, under the command 
 of CVdonel Van Rosse, to beat up the enemy's 
 quaiteis. They slew some Cavaliers and took 
 a lew prisoners. But a whole troop declined to 
 follow Colonel Van Rosse, who was dangerously 
 ■wounded in the shoulder. The cowards were 
 next day deservedly cashiered and disarmed ! 
 
 ^Meanwhile Lord Ilooton was malcing a 
 formi labledemonstratif)n in force nearFainham. 
 Sir AVilliam Waller is said to havehai with him 
 only !>ix troops of horse, the rest of his cavalry 
 having been despatched to Odiham and other 
 places, but his scouts were active and intelligent. 
 It sc' ms probable that Lord Hopton 
 only intended to pi'cvent the retreat of 
 his infantry from being discovered, ho 
 having sent off part of hia foot towards 
 Alresford eitlier on this or the previous d y. 
 He had also, in a proclamation, in which he 
 styl s himself " Field-]\Iaishal-General of His 
 Ma esty's Western Foree.s," summoned all 
 Hampsliire men between the ages of sixteen and 
 
 sixty to appear in arms for the King at Win- 
 chest ,t. LTpori th ; noar appi<)a:h of the 
 a-isail mts two guns w.-re lire 1. which made oia- 
 ph'te lanes t'irju.j!i the Civali;rs, who w.-re 
 Slid, pr)bibly with exa','goratiou, to nuinb.-r 
 eight thousand. A prelimi lary skirmish took 
 pi lee betw-'Ci '.i'h) horse oi eich party, and 
 the rniin fight wa* ii the pirk. After a few 
 shots ha 1 bjjn fireJ the C ivalijrs miJe a ret;o- 
 gra le movement. A pu suit was ord.To 1. and 
 proved very success' ul, although the retr.-aling 
 troops "rillicd upon a hill ne ir adjoining." 
 The Round lead newswriter says that Hopton's 
 men, aft ;r a few h )urs. bj:imj disordereJ, 
 that they lost rainy olfi-ers and horsj.s, and that 
 ab)uttwo o'clock in tlie afternoon th.-yfloJ, 
 g )i ig for t!ie mo-it pirt towuds Basing House; 
 thit mmy hundreds weicsliin. and that pri- 
 soners rojiorted that Lord Hopto'i was beiig 
 carriido.f the held, as if dangerously wounde J ; 
 that only one of WalL-r's men wa-i missing, and 
 that his wounded wore not numerous. 
 
 liut according to "Mercurius Aulicjs* Sir 
 Willi iin s great vi<;tory was notliing a ter all 
 He says that Hopton faced P'arnham, and that 
 Waller, not daring to come forth, fled two 
 guns from the castlj " over every bodies' head," 
 urrtil towarcs the close of "that dirk misty 
 day" the Cavaliers fell bick. followed by the 
 Roundhead cavalry, who killed only one dra- 
 goon, but lost five men themselves. The pur- 
 suers did not give up th<j ch use until they 
 reached Hook, on the other .side of O iiiiam.and 
 Wilier despatcheil a messenger to thePailii- 
 m mt, who rea<lied London on iho afternoon of 
 Wednesday, November J'Jth, and found tliu 
 mjinbjrs of both Houses listening to the F.ist 
 S rmon at St. ^larg iret's, We«t ni ister. Ma^^ter 
 Biiilics was the prea -h r, and his subject wis 
 " Thou^di C^od do sulfer the oncmie."* of His 
 Churii to be groit and oxceolitig mmy, yj( 
 Go I will raise up a power to withstand and 
 overpower them." " After the sermon was done 
 the IJouse of Commons wont to tlie Parliament 
 Hens ', an I tiiere s;it very late." But in those 
 " good old times" I'arli iment met at nine 
 o'cl )ck in the mornin,', and ovory unpunctual 
 me nl)er wis to l»e lined twelve pence I 
 
 On \Vedn '8 lay, November .i'JtIi, the Round- 
 heal hose pjiietrated to O liham and Basing- 
 stolvo, giving divers alarms that d ly and the 
 following nigiit, and bringing back five of Lord 
 Crawfora'a troopers, together witii thoir horses.
 
 8H 
 
 Wai.i.ku'.h Vivdication. 
 
 Oil 'J'luirsday, Novemlicr IV til. Ilonton witli- 
 dicw liis outposts fioin ()(lili;ini, IJasin^stokc, 
 and Long button, ;m(l loliK d tdwuuis "NViiicl. es- 
 ter. Loid Ciawfonl witli liis cavaliy took post 
 at Alton, Lord lloptoii liiniscll (jiiarlering liis 
 incn at Andover, "Wiml ostei. Alrtsioid. 1 etors- 
 field, and the intcivtning ^illilges. leasing 
 Hoiiso was left to take eaie of itself, but Sir 
 "William Waller was at prcstnt in no mood to 
 try eonchisions with the Marquis and his brave 
 little garrison. 
 
 On November 3()th the eountics of Sussex 
 and Suriey were orden d 1 y the House of Com- 
 mons to raise, ** either by press or volunteers, 
 the 800 Fo(.t set upon them," and Sir "William 
 was to send officers "to receive them as they arc 
 levied." "Wiihin three or frur days Waller 
 went himself to Lond( n more effectually to 
 solicit recruits than his letters had been able 
 to do. 
 
 Listen to his own account of the tieatment 
 he received ("W^•^ller's A indicatic n,"pp. IM-IH): 
 " I confess after that defeat which 1 received 
 at the Devizes (July 13th, 1643), upon my 
 return to London, I tound, contraiy to my ex- 
 pee tation. a multitude of fiiends. ^;fy)«/«;// aiiii- 
 conivi, in the Independent party that appeared 
 for me. In that heat,ns tie sun is ever hottest 
 after a cloud, I had an offer fiom tl em of a 
 very considerable army, to be raised and put 
 under my command, with a constant main- 
 tenance for it, if I would engage myself to 
 maintain none but godlj- offiiers, such as should 
 be recommended to me. Unto which I replied 
 that I desired nothirjg more than to have such 
 officers about me as might be remaikable 
 for that spot, as Moses calleth it ; but I wished 
 them to consider that there went more to the 
 making up of an officer than single honesty. 
 Alia ratio boui civin et boiii viri, as Aristotle said 
 in another case. A gord man might make a 
 good soldier, but there must go the good man 
 and the good soldier to the composition of a 
 good officer. I besoueht them likewise to weigh 
 my condition, how I stood answerable with my 
 life and honour, for any miscarriage that should 
 fall out in the service, and that it would be a 
 poor plea for me to say that it was the officers' 
 fault, when it might te justly retorted upon 
 me as my fault that I took such officers. This 
 I afsured them, that where I could find persons 
 qualified with piety and ability, such faithful 
 centurions as knew how to command, and when 
 
 to say go, come, do this, 1 would prefer them 
 before all others. Hut in the want of those I 
 looked to be excused it for the au vantage of 
 the service I made bold to emph)y such an 
 should appear to be able soldiers, althr>ugh they 
 were not otherwise so refined men as 1 might 
 wish. And to the end tliat tht re might be a 
 fair choice, and to obviate all exceptions, the 
 Pailiament having voted a considerable body to 
 be raised for me, I appointed a ( ouiicil of war, 
 whereof Sir Arthur Hesilrigg was President, to 
 examine the merits of eveiy man that should 
 stand to bear any office in that army, with 
 power to cross all such out of the list as should 
 be judged unfit or unworthy to be employed. 
 But tins did not satisfy, and i tlien found that 
 they had it in their design to model and form 
 an army that should be all of their own party, 
 and devoted to their own ends. Upon this we 
 differed. 1 trusted not them, nor they me, and 
 so we agreed. From that time forward I m y 
 date the expiration of their friendship. 
 It is true that long after, and so long indeed 
 as J held my command, I was kept up by them, 
 but 1 could plainly perceive it was but in the 
 nature of a stale, in opposition to that npble 
 Lord the Earl of Essex, whom they feared, and 
 therefore hated implacably, and they were 
 w'illing enough to foment those differences 
 between his lordship and me, to the prejudice 
 of the public service, that they might make 
 their ends upon us both, and gain the better 
 pretence to bring on their new model. In what 
 condition I was maintained may be demon- 
 strated by the Treasurer. Mr. John Trenchard, 
 his accounts, where it will appear that from the 
 time of my setting forth unto my disbanding I 
 never received full lit'i.OOO/., an inconsiderable 
 sum compared with what others had, and yet 
 out of that stock I was fain to play the good 
 husband, and to be at the charge to pay for part 
 of my arms and ammunition Besides this 
 they would be sure I should never have an entire 
 body of my own. but so compounded of city 
 and country regiments that when they pleased 
 they might take me in pieces like a clock, and 
 this was the true reason why I could never 
 improve any 6UC( esses, because these adven- 
 titious borrowed forces, having no dependence 
 upon me, but upon those that sent them, would 
 not follow me further than pleased themselves, 
 but would be ready to march home when they 
 should have pursued their point, as if they had
 
 His Dii-KKULTiKS. 
 
 89 
 
 done enough when they had done anything. 
 Yet such were the charities which I met with in 
 the world, that it was made my fault tliat, like 
 Joash, I gave over shooting sooni-rthan I should 
 have done, when, in truth, I had no more arrows 
 left to shoot. From time to time I was put 
 upon all disadvantages that might lesson me in 
 my reputation, and expose me to ruin. . . , 
 So that, in effect, I was in no better condition 
 than those gladiators of old among the Romans, 
 preserved awhile, to perish in the end, and kept 
 
 only to be lost. This was the friendship I 
 parted with ! " Thus speaks Sir William 
 Waller. 
 
 It has been a difficult task to descnbe these 
 somewhat confused operations at and nearFam- 
 ham, owing to certain discrepancies in the 
 accounts given by the various actors in the 
 drama, but every statement whi> h I have made 
 rests, not on conjecture, but on the authority 
 of contemporaneous records.
 
 CiiAPTKR XV. — Dkfence OF THK Isi.E OK WiGHT — Xaval Estimatks — Caitai.v Swanlky'b 
 Pkisonkks — The Sussex Cavaliers — Lord Hopton is Reinforced. — Letter to Prince 
 Rupert — Forays into Sussex — Fight at South Harting. 
 
 The early days of December, 16J3, saw due 
 provision made for naval matteis, and for the 
 defence of the Isle of Wight. On Thursday 
 December 7th, the Deputy Lieuten mts iind 
 Treasurers of the isle of Wiglit wcie instructed 
 to pay Captain iScoficld the Kum of 80/. 
 " towards his raiNing and conveying tliit icr 100 
 Holdiers," and four days later we hear of 600 
 men being embodied for the simo destination, 
 in addition to 200 formerly eniollcd, and duly 
 ferried across the Solent. We learn also that 
 •' whereas several fortifications are making in 
 the said Islmd by Ordinance of P.uliament." 
 William and Thomas Bowrcman and Thomas 
 Carne, Esquires, were to be a standiniz Commit- 
 tee for the purposes of defence. 
 
 On Saturday. December *Jth, the Naval Esti- 
 mates for the year were discussed in Pailiament, 
 and 5000 men were voted " for next year's 
 fleet," which was to consist of 46 ships. Of 
 these two were to be second rates, whilst the 
 third rates were to be nine in number. There 
 were to be 20 fourth rates, 10 lit'th rates, and 
 five sixth rates, 20 of the wiiole fleet being 
 men-of-war, and 20 hired merchant ships ; 
 light ships Avere to cruise to the westward, 16 
 watching the estuary of the Severn and the 
 coast of Iielmd meanwhile. The Downs, the 
 coasts of Scotland, and the nortliern shore of the 
 Emerald Isle were protected by three squadrons, 
 each consisting of eight ships. Three thousand 
 men wore to be employed in 30 men-of-war, and 
 the merchant ships for tlie next winter guard, 
 which was to la^t for five months, at a cost of 
 60,000/. The expenditure for 60 JO m.^'n during 
 the eight months summer guard of the year 
 1644 was estimated to amount to 130,000/. Tne 
 ordinary expense of the whole Navy in haibour 
 during the year 1644 was to be 18.000/. The 
 sum of 20,000/. was voted for " extra- 
 
 ordinary and ordinary service in the office of the 
 Ordnance." The cost of victualling 4lJ00 men 
 for six months in forty ships " suppos "d to be 
 sent to sea as rep isals, according to a late ordi- 
 nance," was to be 24,000/. The " payment of 
 ordinary for this year, the winter gu ird now 
 at sea, the freights of sundry merchant ships 
 al-eady discharged, arrears, sundries, &c.," 
 amounted to 140,000/., and the whole vote for 
 naval expenditure for the year 1644 waa 
 3'J2,000/. 
 
 Lo 'd Clarendon was horrified to hear that 
 the Parli iraent had laid a weekly assessment of 
 10,000/. upon the City of London, and that their 
 weekly revenue from the whole kingdom was no 
 less than 33.618/., or 1,742,1)36/. per annum. 
 He says that 20,000/. was the largest sum ever 
 raised by taxation in any previous year. What 
 would the wo: thy Chancellor think of the Bud- 
 get for the year of grace 1882 ? 
 
 An amusing description of the willingness of 
 the citizens of London to aid the Parliament 
 by their contributions is as follows : — 
 " And now, my Lord, since j'ou have London left, 
 Waerc merfhatits' ivts dine cheap, and as ciieap sup, 
 Where fools themselves have of their 1 1 ite bereft, 
 And si.jh an 1 drink in the coan^e pewter cup ; 
 Where's not a silver spoon left, not that given them 
 When the urst Cockney was made Christian : 
 No. not a bodkin. pin-c.i«e ; all tl.ey send, 
 Or carrj' all. whatever they cm hap on, 
 E"en to t e pretty picktooth whose ea:;h end 
 Oft pureed the relics ()f continual capon. 
 Nothin;.^ must stay behin l. nothin^; must tarry. 
 No, not the riuj by which dear John took Harry." 
 
 — Penny Magazliit for 1844. 
 
 Nor were the ladies more backward in beh.alf of 
 the cause, for ii a satiric il ball id, entitled 
 '• The S lie ot' Rebellion's H )UseholJ Stufif," the 
 following lots are, amongst others, offered for 
 sale : —
 
 Captain Swanley's Prisoners. 
 
 91 
 
 "Here's the purse of the public faith, 
 Here's the mo .ei of ihe se juestration, 
 Wi.e.e the good wivei ujjon their ^'ood troth, 
 Lent tliiunlileii to revive tue uation. 
 
 Our old ;icquaint;inco Captain Swanley, who 
 was I'ormetly expected to bombard Southamp- 
 ton, was ill command of one of the ships sent 
 to the loast of Ireland. 
 
 A truce had been made at Sigginstown, in 
 the County KiMaro, on September IGlh, 164;5, 
 which allowed two regiments of inlantiy of 
 excellent quality, though numerically weak, 
 under the command ot Sir Charles Vavasour 
 and Sir John Pawlet, and i g md troop of horse 
 under the command of Capt.iin BriUges. to bo 
 brought over from Munster to Bristol, to the 
 aid of Lord Hopton, wuo, thus reinfoiced, 
 advanced to Salisbury, Wincliester, Basing, and 
 Farnham, as has been already described. 
 
 Speaking of this truce, the Rev. C. P 
 Meeliau says : " Every creek and harbour sud- 
 denly became infested with the Parliamentary 
 cruisers, so much so that it was dilli ult to si;nd 
 men or money out of Ireland. The orders 
 issued by the Parliament to their p irtis ins on 
 the 1 ind were only equalLd by the Algerino 
 ferocity of their cruises on th seas. Out of 
 IfjL) men, who about this time sailed for Bristol, 
 and who were taken by one .^wanly, at sea, 7tl, 
 besides two women, were thrown ovorboaid, 
 because th<y were supposed to be Irisii. Nor 
 did the Irish retaliate, lor soon afierwaids, fall- 
 ing in with a ship whicii had on boaid ;'>!) Kirk 
 mmi-teis deputed to preach up and administer 
 the Covenant in Ulst'^r, they contented tliem- 
 selves with making them prisoners. 'Ihis fatal 
 truce was the source of all these miseiies, and 
 the coast, which hitherto had been so watchfully 
 guarded, was now swarming with rebel ships, 
 whoso commanders showed no mercy to such as 
 had tiie misioitune to fall into tncir hands'' 
 In addi.ion to the troops from licland men- 
 tioned ab(jve, Loid llopton hat! also two regi- 
 ments of infantry under tlie command of Sir 
 John Berkeley, wlio hail laised them in Devon- 
 shire, so thai his whole force aiiiounted to at least 
 3U0') loot, and about 1600 horse, witii the ad- 
 vantage of a most dvantageous base of opera- 
 tions at Winchester. 
 
 For some time the Cavaliers of Su.sscx an<l of 
 the adjacent districts of Hampshire had.acioni- 
 ing to Clarendon, unfortunately, likj their 
 fiiends of the same party in other counties, 
 
 formed " so good an opinion of their own re- 
 putation and interest t.iat they wero able, upon 
 tlie assistance of few tro(i|i8, to suppremt their 
 neiglibouis who were of tiie other party, and 
 wh ), upon advantage of the power they were 
 possesseil of, oxeicised their auth)iity over them 
 with gieat rigour and insol.-nce. " 
 
 Accordingly no sooner had Lord lloptoo 
 cstabiislied himsclc at Win hestcr, the castle of 
 which had been re-f<irtilied by Sir William, 
 atterwanls Lord, Ogle, than he received confi- 
 dential me.'-s ig« 8 fnun these fiiends to the King 
 witli otl'eis " Thit if he would advance into 
 their country tlicy woul 1 undcrla e, in a short 
 time, to make great l.-vies of men or the recruit 
 of liis army ; and likewise to pl>^.se^8 theinB<.'lve« 
 of sucii plai es as they shouKl l>e w ell able to 
 defend, and t creby keep that part of the 
 country in the King's obedience. " 
 
 Clarendon says tliat the county of Sussex was 
 one in whicli '• the King had iiitherto had no 
 footing." The Itev. 11. L). Cordon siys. " This 
 evidently means no ainiy or gaiiison, for the 
 majority of the Sussex gentiy, wit.i one or two 
 marked exceptions, at that time were staunch 
 Roy lists, 'i'he most notable exception was at 
 Petworth, whoso owner, Al^'einon Percy, tenth 
 E 111 of Northuinlieiland, was one of the great 
 Parli imcntari an leatiers, sccoiul only to the Earl 
 of Essex, the (Jeneral. One ilenry Percy, how- 
 ever, seems to have commanded th ordnance at 
 Ciloucester for the King (' M.itch— The ordi- 
 nary late is 'Ms. percent. ; for locks and brects, 
 Is. a-peece ; for iron shut, 1. li . (il) a tonne. 
 Asher Comper, before (Jl )ucester. t e 21st Aug., 
 II. Percy, Oeneral of the Aililliy." — '.State 
 Papers, Domestic,' 104i<, No. IJiiil). and afterwards 
 Oliver Whitby, the Royalist Rector ot Petworth, 
 I ly hi I in a hollow tree for shelter, as Charles 
 IJ. did in Boseoi)el Oak. 'Withtt e exceptionof 
 Pe.woith lions- and th ,• famous Mr. Yalden,of 
 Blaekdown Hill, who entertained Cromwell, the 
 remaining poweis of West ."-nsscx and the 
 nrighbourhood of Hampshire were Royalists. 
 On tlie immediate frontier of H.iinp.shire. the 
 seat of w.ir. Sir William Ford, < f Ip Park, and 
 Sir Edward Ford, his son (knii^htcd at (.►xford 
 and inadi' ShcrilT of Sussex, and alterwards the 
 commander of Arundel;, and .^ir John Caryll, 
 his son at Harling I'laeo, Par.-on Caryll, of 
 Ilarting, and the C(x»pers. of Ditcham, near 
 Petcrslit Id, were the most active and daring 
 Cavaliers. If, therefore, the King had ' no
 
 92 
 
 TllK SUSSKX Cavai.ikrs. 
 
 footinj;^ in Sussex,' it was not for want of 
 friends. Of course, on the seaboard the Parlia- 
 ment cause was supreme." 
 
 Sir Edward Ford was in command under Lord 
 Hopton of a regiment of horse, in which many 
 Sussex pentlemen liad enrolled themselves. 
 These all urged Lord Ilopton to send some troops 
 into Sussex, as Waller was not likely to advance 
 from Farnham,so thnt they might the better be 
 able to raise men for the Kincj's service. They 
 undertook also to secure Arundel Castle, which, 
 " standing near the sea, would yield great ad- 
 vantage to the King's service, and keep that 
 rich corner of the country at His Majesty's de- 
 votion." Lord Hopton finding that he could 
 not make any further impression upon the gar- 
 rison of Farnham, and having certain informa- 
 tion that Sir William Waller had gone to London 
 to be "feasted and lectured," thought it a fit- 
 ting opportunity to comply with the importuni- 
 ties of the Sussex Cavaliers, whose estates had, 
 since the preceding April, been entirely at the 
 mercy of certain Parliamentarian sequestra- 
 tors, one of whom was Colonel Herbert Morley, 
 who in the following year played no unim- 
 portant part during the siege of Basing Hous^. 
 
 Lord Hopton paid a huriied visit to Oxford 
 during the month of December, 1643, probably 
 ■with a view of urging in person an advance 
 into Sussex, which he had already recommended 
 by frequent letters. He was extremely anxious 
 to compel Sir William Waller to give battle, 
 and informed the King that tlie design was per- 
 fectly feasible "if he had the addition of a 
 regiment or two of foot, the quarter of Sussex 
 he proposed to visit being a fast and em loscd 
 country, and Arundel Castle having a garrison 
 in it, though not numerous or well provided, as 
 being without appreh-nsion of an enemy." 
 
 The King had only intended duiing the 
 winter to stop Waller in the west, and to recruit 
 his own forces so as to take the field eai ly in 
 the following spring, knowing that his enemies 
 meant to be stirring betimes. But Lord 
 Hopton's strong position at Winchester and 
 the oft-repeated solicitations of the Sussex 
 Cavaliers made many persons think that the op- 
 portunity ought not to be lost. 
 
 The Cavaliers of Kent were anxious to strike 
 a blow for tlie Royal cause, and it was thought 
 that the union of Kent and Sussex might form 
 the basis of a powerful association of the 
 Bouthern counties on the King's behalf. Loid 
 
 Hopton accordingly received permission to 
 prosecute his design, if at tlie .same time ho felt 
 sure of being able to check Willer's march 
 towards the west. Stout old Maior-General 
 Sir Jacol} Astlcy was sent towards Winchester 
 from Reading witli lUOO disciplined troops, 
 drawn from tlie garrisons of Reading, Walling- 
 ford. and Oxford, Colonel Boles, of whom we 
 shall hear more hereafter, being in command of 
 th" detachment from Wallingford. 
 
 Lord Hopton being thu-; reinforced, and find- 
 ing that Sir William Waller had concentrated 
 his army at Farnham under the protection of 
 the Castle, had betaken himself to London to 
 solicit rein''orcements, determine 1 to march at 
 once into Sussex. Ju'^t then h ■ received a most 
 unwelcome letter from Prince Rupert ordering 
 Colonel Gerrard's regiment to rejoin the Prince's 
 own force, from whi h it had recently been de- 
 tached. Mr. Warburton gives the reply of 
 Lord Hopton, which throws considerable light 
 upon the state of affairs at this critical juncture. 
 It is as ""ollows : — 
 
 "May it please your Hi-rhness, — Your High- 
 ness's commands concerning Colonel Gerrard's 
 regiment, as all other your commands, T shall 
 ever be most ready to obey. I shall only offer 
 to your Highness my present difficulty, which 
 is, that we being here, near the en-'my, and our 
 horse decreasini,' much. I am doubt "ul lest, in 
 sparing a good old regiment, I may i ive the enemy 
 too groat an advantage upon me in this champaign 
 country ; unless your Highness will please to do 
 me the favour to send me some other regiment 
 that hath ha 1 rest, till this be recreated. The 
 truth is, the duty of the service here is insupport- 
 able, were it not in this cause, where there is so 
 great a necessity either o" prevailing through 
 all difficulties, or suffering them to prevail, 
 which cannot be thought of in good English, 
 therefore, if your Hi,'hness resume the horse 
 regiment, I shoul 1 be glad to give these some 
 ease as I could. — I rest in all humility and faith- 
 fulness, your Highness's most humbly devoted 
 servant, Ralph Hdptdn. — Ahvsford, Dec. 1G43. 
 
 For a full a count of Colonel Gerrard and his 
 gallant kinsmen, t e reader is refer: ed to p. 79 
 of the admirable and exhau'^tive work on '* The 
 Two Battles of Newbury," by W. Money, Esq., 
 
 F.S.A. 
 
 The timo seemed propitious for an advance 
 into Sussex, into which county a party of 
 Cavaliers had already made a raid some few
 
 Fight at South Hakting. 
 
 n 
 
 weeks previously. The Scotlifth Dove, of 
 October ■_: 7th, 1G43, says: — " Tho Cavaliers have 
 lately been at Pet worth (in Sussex), the Earle 
 of Nort i:uraberlaiid's house, from whence they 
 tooke twenty brave horse, and curled them to 
 Oxford." 
 
 From the Perfect Diuniall, of Friday, Novem- 
 ber "JiSrd, lt)4;}, we learn that a porti'm of the 
 garrison of Basing House had also rein orced 
 Lord Hoplon, '• and the common vote of the 
 people speak liim to be 801)0 horse and foot, but 
 very much unarmed. That they pr< ss hard 
 towards Kent, and some of them aie got as far 
 as Potworth, in >ussex." 
 
 The dot .chment which thus visited Petworth 
 for the second time was under the command <>f 
 Lord Crawford, who was, however, speedily 
 obliged to retire, and to take post at Alton. 
 
 On the night of Thursday, Movemb* r 'J3rd, 
 1643, theie was a fight at South liarting, in 
 Sussex. The register of that paish contains 
 the following entry, " There were 3 souk'iers 
 buried. Novr. •24th. 1643." The Rev. H. D. 
 Gordon says, " Following this hint, and assum- 
 ing from the loyalty of the parisli that the 
 'three souldiers' were King's men, I found, on 
 inquiry, that there was a vague local tradition 
 that there had been some fight under the Downs 
 in a field on the east side of Harting, named the 
 'Culvers,' adjoining Harting A'icarage. and that 
 Oliver had been in the town. Subseiiueut 
 search verified this entry of tlie register to an 
 hour, and the exact spot indicated by the old 
 men's tiaditi n. The.se three soldiers were part 
 of the Royalist cavalry on their way to Arundel, 
 detached fiom Alton or Basing ly Ludovic 
 Lindsay, 1.0th Earl of Crawford, who was 
 Lord Hopton's chief cavalry < fficer.'' 
 
 " The Yegi.stcr dates the burial on Friday, 
 November 'J4th. On the previous night, Thurs- 
 day, N()veml)er 'J.'dvd, there had been, as the 'Mer- 
 curius Aulicus ' or 'Court Mercury ' of Sunday, 
 December 10th, p. 7 7, describes, a fight atSonth 
 Harting. It appears that the Royalist cavalry 
 entered the village first, very weary from a long 
 inarch, and took up their quarters. Some 400 
 of the mueh despised Parlianuntaiian diagoona, 
 under Colom 1 Norton, accidentally, it seems, 
 caught the King's men asleep in South Hart- 
 ing. But the six ofiiceis of the King's force 
 who were quartered at Sir John Caryll s house 
 near the church (Harting Place) were equal to 
 
 the occasion, and passing aloni; a lano at the 
 back of the church, named Typpei-lauc. they 
 cleverly pi iced themselves in the Culverts fi. Idi 
 betwicii the hills and their enemy. Then. r< ly- 
 ing on the fact that none are so mU' h exposed 
 to panic as those who are trying to fii^ ten 
 others, they charged the cnmiy. givi:.g the 
 signal ' Follow, follow,' which in t e darkness 
 would give the impression to the I'arUainen- 
 tari ns tliat some o. the King's forces on the 
 way to Arundel had been signalled b:ic k. and 
 were coming down the hill liho an av.dan he." 
 
 The following is the text of tlie '• M. rcuriui 
 Aulicus " of .""untlay. Dec. loth. 1GJ3 (spelling 
 moderni.sed) : — "This day I wa.s co.t liidy in- 
 lormed by an eye-witness of credit of one of 
 the noble.st pieces of cowardici- that evi r at- 
 tendc d a bad cause and conscience. It ha| pened 
 on Timrsday, the 'J3rd of November 1 i.st.iu .t in 
 the dead of night about six score of tl:o La. I of 
 Ciawlord's regiment came into a village in 
 Sussex, callid South Harting. a pla o suffi- 
 ciently known by leason it is the c< n.-tant seat 
 of the noble Knight and brave housekeeper Sir 
 John Caryll. They entered the village very far 
 spent witli travel, want of sleep, :inU fo<.tl, and 
 extremely weather beaten witli a rainy, stormy 
 night. These their suffeiings anil indisposi- 
 tions caused them presently to quarter them- 
 selves in the several houses of the t wii, < nlysix 
 of the chief oQicers and a boy lay in the 
 Knight's hou.se. Within less than an Mour after, 
 when all of them were now taking their rest, 
 the famous Colonel Norton, of Hampshire, 
 enters the village, not knowing till he was in 
 the town that any of the King's soldieis were 
 there, but having notice theieof and of the 
 assurance, by taking them utterly unprovided 
 for defence, that he might Kifely show ii bravo 
 proof of his valour, he caused his nun to rank 
 themselvt 8 ten and ten, and so to m ke good 
 every door and hou.se of the town that none 
 migiit escape, which being done. t. o rel els cry 
 * Horse, hor.se,' in the stnet, which the King** 
 soldiers mistaking to be the call of thtirown 
 comniandi IS, offered in diveis plicis to come 
 fortli, but were presently sliot or kill, d, so that 
 seeing no possibility of l»ringing forth themselves 
 or till ir horses into the stieet, almost all of 
 them Hed by backways on foot to s;ive them- 
 8elves,leaving the rebels outrageously domineer- 
 ing in the town, shooting into all houses and at
 
 V4 
 
 SiK VVlI.MAM VVaM,1;K llKINroKCKlK 
 
 all persons, ami Ijarbarously usiiif? nuch of the 
 Kings mon as their valour enabled to make any 
 opposition. 
 
 " in this hurly burly word was given to the 
 six officers in the Ivniglit's liouse how the town 
 and their soldiers wore surprised by the rebels. 
 These six mon. with one boy, took horse, rushing 
 out by a back lane upon the 40() rebels, for so 
 have some of their own company since protested 
 to have been their number, and crying out 
 Follow, follow, follow,' as if they had ;ilready 
 ch.nsed them, charged in upon thom with so 
 much fury and undaunted courage that they 
 routed them, and presently drove them, killing 
 and wounding thom, quite through t e town, 
 forcing them over hedges and ditches, killing as 
 many as the rebels had done of theirs, that is, 
 gome half-a-dozen, taking two prisoners, one of 
 which being the trumpeter, wounding very 
 many, having but live or six of theirs, and but 
 one of these much wounded, the Eail of Craw- 
 ford's owm cornet, but not dangerously, and 
 brought off all their own arms and divers of the 
 rebels' horse, with all Captain Rotsworth's 
 suit of arms (probably Betsworth of Milland). 
 
 " The rebels having since been faithfully 
 acquainted with the truth of their beating, and 
 how that their 400 hors^e and dragooners were 
 80 lamentably beaten and chased away by only 
 six men and a boy (but when they were in their 
 chase and flight here and there two or three 
 soldiers stept out of their places where they hid, 
 and lent some blows to their fellows), one of 
 the rebels swore solemnly in these true and re- 
 markable words, ' By , we deserve all to be 
 
 chronicled for the verycst cowards that ever 
 lived ! ' " Such was the fight at South Harting. 
 
 On Friday, December 1st, we hear of Lord 
 Hop ton's troops being at Andover and Win- 
 chester, and that Sir William Waller was 
 receiving reinforcements from Kent. Prince 
 Maurice was half inclined to raise the siege of 
 Plymouth, and to march to join Lord Hopton 
 at or near Basing House. On t'ne afternoon of 
 Saturday, December 2nd, Sir William Waller 
 reached London from Farnhara, and had a con- 
 ference with the Earl of Essex at his house in 
 the Strand. He asked for and obt lined rein- 
 forcements, and set out again for Farnham on 
 the following Monday morning. On Tuesday, 
 December r)th, Mr. Trcnchard, the Chairman to 
 the Committee of Accounts, was directed to give 
 three days' pay " to Colonel Pottley's men that 
 
 lie bore in Middlesex, to carry them to Sir 
 William Waller." These troops were to be 
 sent at once under an offieor appointed by Mr. 
 Trenchard. Colonel I'ottley himself meanwhile 
 writes from Farnham that Hoj)ton'R forces had 
 beaten up one of their opponents' quarters, bdt 
 had done but little harm. On Saturday. Dec. 
 '.itli. Mr. Trenchard was ordered to write to Sir 
 William Waller, requesting him to send officers 
 to take command of Colonel Pottley's men. each 
 of whom was to receive a fortnight's pay upon 
 arrival at Farnham. Soldiers refusing to march 
 were "to be proceeded against according to the 
 Law ^lartial." and Colonel Pott ley was to be 
 ordered to cashier those captains of his regiment 
 that Mr. Trenchard had certified to be unworthy 
 of their command. 
 
 Then; was a report that the King had slept 
 
 at Basing House on the ni?ht of Sunday. Dec. 
 
 3rd. having brought with him 2')ilO horse. besides 
 
 foot, and that he had since returned to Reading, 
 
 taking with him much plate and treasure from 
 
 I Basing House, intending to cut his way through 
 
 Waller's army,and to march into Kent. Another 
 
 statement was to the effect that the King had 
 
 sent for " plate and other ornaments for cere 
 
 monies of State from Basing House to Reading, 
 
 where HisMajcsty intends to keep hisChristmas," 
 
 but the sole foundation for these reports seems 
 
 to have been that some of the Roj'al cooks came 
 
 to Basing House about this time witli the 
 
 Prince's regiment. On Saturday. December 
 
 9th, a lieutenant of the Green Regiment of 
 
 Trained Bands, quartered at Farnham. says that 
 
 for some time past there had been alarms both 
 
 by night and day, and that on Monday. Dec. 
 
 4th. he had been sent out in command of a 
 
 forlorn hope of ><0 musketeers to face the 
 
 Cavaliers, who. "after some small firing and 
 
 some great gun shot, ran away." On Tuesday. 
 
 December 6th, a strong regiment joined Sir 
 
 AVilliam Waller at Farnham from Kent. This 
 
 reinforcement was the more welcome, as the 
 
 London Trained Bands were now eagerly 
 
 desirous to turn their faces homewards. On 
 
 Monday, December 4th. a letter from the Earl 
 
 of Essex was read in the House of Lords to 
 
 the effect that Sir William Waller reports the 
 
 King to be advancing towards Basing with all 
 
 his forces, whilst his own army is but weak, and 
 
 is in great want of recruits. The sum of l0i)0/. 
 
 was at once voted for the relief of Sir William 
 
 Waller, who asserted that Lord Hopton's army
 
 Lord Hopton's M.\r( h t«» Arindki. 
 
 95 
 
 was three times as numerous as his own. There 
 were said to be 8000 nu-n in arms for the Par- 
 liament in Kent, Sussex, and Surrey, who were 
 " not willing to have Sir John Culpepper made 
 Vieeroy, nor Sir Edward Deering Bisliop of 
 Canterbury." The only road for Cavaliers to- 
 wards Kent lay through Sussex, •' which they 
 will at this season not be able to do." 
 
 Lord Hopton, however, meant to try what 
 could be done, and taking advantage of an 
 exceptionally hard frost, made his way with 
 great ease over roads which wore usually at that 
 season of the year almost impa.ssable, " and he 
 came to Arundel before there was any imagina- 
 tion that he had that place in his prospect." 
 
 The Rev. H. D. CJordon says '• The cavalry 
 force of Hopton in this brilliant feat passed 
 over the downs to Arundel, via Petersfield, 
 Harting, and Harden, and in order to secure 
 the line of communication, Petersfield and 
 Harting Place were for the time garrisoned for 
 the King. Colonel Sir Edward Fords own 
 regiment was quartered at Up Park tliroughout 
 December to guard the passes in the hills, which 
 were their chain of communication with Win- 
 chester and Oxford, and the possession of which 
 secured their retreat." 
 
 " The pleas of Sir William Ford, of Up Park, 
 and John Caryll,of Harting," at the close of the 
 war, are to be found amongsi the Royalist 
 Compositions, and show clearly the positions 
 stated above. Caryll pleads '• That your peti- 
 tioner being at his fathers house, called Harting 
 in Sussex, whicli is in the midway direct from 
 Winchester to Arundel, and the King's forces 
 having made a garrison in the said hou.so about 
 December, 104.}, Sir Ralph Hoptcm coming 
 thither with part of his army, commanded your 
 petitioner to attend him to Arundel, where he 
 detained your petitioner until the Castle was 
 taken by Sir William Waller." Sir William 
 Ford, of Harting, Knight, comjjlained that 
 " 'JOUO coards of wood had been cut down in 
 Harting Park (Up Park) for satisfaction of 
 wrongs done to certainc countrey people tliero- 
 about by some parties of horse of Col. Ford, his 
 Sonne's, regiment." 
 
 Whilst iiimself on the march to Arundel 
 Lord Hopton despatched a detaclinunt of 
 cavalry to attack Lord Lumley's house at Stan- 
 stead, in the parish of Stoughton. in Suss^ x, 
 "which was then a castellated building, with a 
 turreted gateway and a courtyard. As one of 
 
 the possessions of the FitzAlmb it liad pmnod 
 in l.">Hi) on the death of the last Karl of Arundel 
 of that name to Lord Lundcy, the husband of 
 Jane, one of his co-heires-Hes. It had, howevor, 
 since his death been sold to Richard l/cwknor." 
 The Royalists were repuL*<d wiih Iokh by CoL 
 Morley, or. as some say. by Co!f)nel .*>t.ipley, or 
 by Colonel Norton, of Southwick Park.' and 
 J^ndymion Porter's son. or brother (aetounla 
 vary) was "sore woumleil and taken pri»<»n'r." 
 Lloyd's Memoirs says •• Loyal blood like 
 Harvies' went round the Porters' from the 
 highest to the meanest. "Jti of the name h.kvinff 
 eminently sulfcred for His Majesty." (,'olond 
 Stapky is said to have faced the axKulanUi with 
 his regiment of horse, and to have lind guu« at 
 them, killing J.^O men and capturing ^H) horMS 
 This account, however, lacks confirmation. 
 
 Colonel Norton, who was in command, during 
 the absence of the Earl of Pembroke, of the 
 cavalry raised in the four .associated counties 
 of Hants. Surrey, Kent, and Suss«'X, seems to 
 have been posted at Cuwdray Housi', the noble 
 mansion of Lord Montague, which was taken by 
 Lord Hopton. who placed a garrison in it. and 
 also in Lord Lumley's mansion .it St. instead, 
 whicli soon afterwards fell into his hands. 
 Colonels Norton and Stapley commanded at 
 Stanstead and Cowdray, but it is difhcult to 
 state which of these two commands either of 
 them held. 
 
 Colonel Anthony ."^taph y, of Patcham. as we 
 are told by ^Ir. Riaauw. hail in the pioceding 
 September prepared the garrison of Cliichcstcr, 
 of which city he was the Ciovi rnor. to march to 
 the assistance of .Sir William Waller, who was 
 then in Dorsetshire. lie was in ll't-lU and 1G56 
 returncil both for Lewesand thccouniv. and in 
 both instances.sat for the county. Altliouf'h be 
 hail manioil the .^-ister of the Royaliht Lord 
 (.Joring he was a zealous adherent of the Parlia- 
 ment, taking the Covenant on Feb. .'itli. 164"l. 
 He was one of tin- King's Judges, aid ^igncd 
 his death warrant. Clarendon ninks him " in 
 the number of the blackest offenders." He 
 died in lt)">8. 
 
 Various preparations wore made to chock 
 Lord Hopton's advance, but to no purpose, and 
 a Parliann'iitarian »>fliccr. who is thou^dit to 
 ha\e bi en Colonel Edward Apsh y. of Worming- 
 hurst, has hft an interesting account of hia 
 adventures and capture at this period. It is too 
 long for insertion here, but is given in txtenso
 
 96 
 
 Akindki. Castle SuKKr.NDF.Rs. 
 
 both by Mr. Blmuw and Mr. Hillicr. Lord 
 Hopton roiu'hed Arundel on Wednesday, 
 Dec inber Olh. Clarendon tells us that the 
 petition was naturally a strong one, ami that 
 the so.ncwhat anliiuatod fortifications were in 
 good repair, the moat being botli broad and deep. 
 The garrison of fifty-five men, although not 
 Bu(Rci:!ntly numerous to holdout for any con- 
 siderable peri )d, was nevertheless strong enough 
 to rep '1 any sudden assault. But neither pro- 
 visions nor ammunition, though often demanded, 
 were abundant within the walls, and Captain 
 Capcot had not expected so unwelcome an 
 arrival. Accordingly, on S iturday, December 
 9th, 1G43, being the third day after Lord 
 Hopton's entry into Arundel, a threat of severity 
 in case of assault was sufficient to effect the 
 surrender of the castle. The besieging force 
 "Was estimated at fully 2<ti)0 men. On December 
 7th the Committee at Lewes informed Parlia- 
 ment that the town of Aru'idel had buen taken, 
 and the castle besieged and in great danger, 
 •' whereupon, on December 9th, John Baker, of 
 Mayficld, was appointed High Sheriff of 
 Sussex, and the four associated counties of Kent, 
 Sussex, Surrey, and Hamps:iire were ordered 
 to try to relieve Arundel Castle, "to clear the 
 County of Sussex," and to secure that county, 
 consulting to that end with the Earl of Xorth- 
 umbcrland, Lieut, of Sussex. Some of the Parlia- 
 mentarian garrison joined Lord Hopton, others 
 were made prisoners, and the townsmen of 
 Arundel, who favoured the Parliament, were 
 severely dealt with. Sir Edward Ford was 
 appointed Governor, with a garrison of above 
 2U0 men, provisions were collected, and the 
 R lodes ditch made, as well as an earthwork 
 connecting the Swanbourne Lake with the works 
 surrounding the Little Park. Lord Hopton, who 
 had also left a garrison at Cowdray, and had 
 been c ecked by Colonel Herbert Morley, at the 
 Bramber Bridge, near Lewes, was only able to 
 remain six days at Arundel Castle. The Com- 
 mittee of Sa ety wrote at once to the Earl of 
 Essex, urging him to assist Sir AV. Waller 
 against the increasing Royalist forces in 
 Hampshire and Sussex, and a contemporary 
 journalist observes " no doubt the rot was in 
 Hantshire as well as Sussex, for it came thence!" 
 Waller's journey to London had a successful 
 issue. He exaggerated the strength of Lord 
 Hopton's army, and easily obtained all neces- 
 sary supplies and reinforcements. The True 
 
 Informer of December Dth, 1043, has the follow- 
 ing : — " That renowned and unmatchcahh; en- 
 giueere, CoUonel Wems, Lieut(!nant-(renoiallof 
 the Ordinance and Traino untf) Sir William 
 Waller, according to the desire and appointmi.nt 
 of the House of Commons in Parliament, went 
 down from London on Tuesday ni.'ht last, 
 December fith, with waggons laden with letther 
 pieces of ordinance, and much other ammuni- 
 tion, and is liy tliis time at Farnham with Sir 
 William W iller. These leather pieces are of 
 very great us ;, and very easie and light of car- 
 riage. On-! horse may draw a pjece, which will 
 carry a bullet of a pounde and halfe weight, 
 and doe execution very farre. This is the said 
 Colonel'sparticular invention. and will beof very 
 greatserviceuntoSir William's army, especially for 
 this winter season." These leather guns were 
 afterwards captured at Cropredy Bridge, 
 loaded with case shot. '•80i)0from Kent, 
 Su.ssex, and Surrey are in armes against the 
 Cavaliers." We shall meet some of these 
 Surrey and Sussex men before B ising ere long. 
 The City of London was now requested to 
 allow " the longer stay of their forces,"' ouO men 
 of the Windsor garrison were ordered to join Sir 
 William Waller, the Kentish Committee wrote 
 from Westerham to offer assistance, and Sussex 
 was required immediately to pay 1080/. Os. 5d., 
 and to raise Vlb hor.se. 
 
 Numerous Cavaliers of rank had taken refuge 
 at Winchester, amongst whom we may mention 
 Bishop Curie and Dr. Peter Heylin. The latter 
 was Rector of Ahesford, and had written a 
 "History of the Reformation." The Presby- 
 terians hated him for having arranged his 
 church according to the late injunctions. Chil- 
 lingw rth. the clever author of " The Reli^don 
 of Protestants," accompanied Lord Hopton to 
 Arundel Castle, and was there left with th€ 
 office of what we should call Commanding Royal 
 Engineer. 
 
 The Parliamentarian regiments were re- 
 cruited by means of impressment, voluntary 
 enlistment, and also by allowing apprentices to 
 count their time of military service as if it had 
 been spent with their masters. But in this 
 emergency the White and Yellow, two of the 
 strongest regiments of the London Auxiliaries, 
 were on December 13th. 1643, by consent of 
 the City of London, which could re-call them 
 at pleasure, ordered to march with all speed to 
 Farnham ; officers and men not marching out
 
 PuKrAiciNc roll AciKtN. 97 
 
 were to 1)0 fineil and imprisoned. Sir Williiim at once repaired to Farnham. and Bpe«dily 
 
 Balfonr, with li)()() horse, was detached from t:iinin<4 that Lord Httpton'H force* wcru f|uar- 
 
 the .-uiny of th(! Karl of Essex and placed | tered at t<K> j^reat diHtan<e fmnj each oth^r pr»- 
 
 undo: th(! conimaiid of Sir William Waller, who partd to strike a derisive hlow.
 
 Chapter XVI. — Colonel Norton's Victory at Romsey — Lord Ckawiokd asks toR Sack — 
 Sir William Waller Attacks Alton — The Church Stormed — Disposal oi' Prisonees 
 — Waller's March to Arundel — Siege of Arundel Castle — Skirmish at Havant 
 — Wakhlinoton Castle — Arundel Castle Surrenders — Lord Crawford — Traces of 
 THE Conflkt. 
 
 Sir William Waller uow determined to attack 
 Lord Hopton's scattered forces in two places at 
 once, " as beating up of quarters was his master 
 piece." Colonel Norton, the " Idle Dick" of 
 Cromwell, and now Governor of Southampton, 
 received orders which he was not slow to execute. 
 His old friend and comrade, Captain Francis St. 
 Barbe, of Broadlands, had been slain in the first 
 battle of Newbury, on the ^Oth of the preceding 
 September, but he liad as his subordinates 
 Sergeant-Major (or Major) Murford, of whom 
 frequent mention has already been made, and 
 Captain Bowen. Major Murford's company was 
 130 strong, whilst that of Captain Bowen 
 mustered \)6. Another account says Norton had 
 less than •i'iO men. An attack was planned 
 upon the town of Romsey, which was then 
 garrisoned by Col. Bennet's regiment of horse, 
 variously estimated to be botli 1 ;jO and "200 strong, 
 and a regiment of foot commanded by Colonel 
 Courtney, said to number 300, with a view of 
 keeping in check the Parliamentarian garrison, 
 which was ordered on Tuesday, November 29th, 
 1642, to be established at Southampton. Sir 
 Humphrey Bennet was, says Mr. ^loney, one 
 of the Bennets of Pythouse, Wilts. Colonel 
 Thomas Bennet was Prince Rupert's Secretary, 
 and the family were staunch adherents to the 
 Royal cause. Sir Humphrey Bennet himself was 
 High Sheriff of Southampton, and commanded 
 a brigade of horse at the second battle of New- 
 bury, which was fought on Saturday, "JBth 
 October, 1G44. On this occasion his regiment 
 consisted of nine troops, almost full, but having 
 only two colours. We learn from a letter written 
 at Southampton, on December 13th, that Colonel 
 
 Norton's force left that town at three o'clock on 
 the morning of December 12th. The forlorn 
 hope was led by Lieutenant Terry, the first 
 division by Sergeant Major Murford. the main 
 body by Colonel Norton, whilst Captain Bowen, 
 with his men divided into two parties, brought 
 up the rear. In this order they marched in 
 silence to Romsey, which was reached about an 
 hour after daybreak, whereupon the forlorn hope 
 was sent to force its way over a bridge into the 
 town. Major Murford, with some of his men. 
 "fell upon their strong traverse, which was pre- 
 sently quitted by their sentinels." Hf at once 
 followed up his success, fought his way into the 
 town, capturing the main guard, where- 
 upon the Cavaliers threw down their amis 
 and fled. Murford then entered several houses, 
 and secured various prisoners, one of whom was 
 '' Captain Lieutenant Norton, brother to Colonel 
 Norton, and a far honester man than himself." 
 Seven Cavaliers were killed in the market-place, 
 two of whom were captains. " Murford hath 
 one of their commissions." Colonel Norton 
 then entered the town with the main body of his 
 forces, and the Cavaliers fled, most of them proba- 
 bly taking the direction of Winchester. The pri 
 soners, either 25 or 40 in number, included three 
 captains, two lieutenants, one corporal, and 
 several gentlemen. Nearly two hundred horses, 
 numerous arms, and the magazines were cap- 
 tured. Many muskets were broken by the 
 victors, who also threw several barrels of powder 
 into the river, and the triumphant Roundheads 
 returned unmolested to Southampton. On the 
 same night a party of thirty men sent from 
 Southampton to Romsey brought back some
 
 Lord Crawkokd Asks iok "S\ck." 
 
 99 
 
 plunder without opposition, and on the follow- 
 ing d.iy there was a solemn thanks:,'iving for 
 Colonel Norton's success at Southampton. 
 
 Tlie news of this disaster was but a sad 
 welcome to Lord Flopton, who returned to Win- 
 chester from Arundel on the ovenirij^ of De- 
 cember 2Gth, but more doleful tidings still were 
 to follow. It will donbtloss bo remembered 
 that Lord Crawford had taken post at Alton. 
 Our old friend Lieutenant Archer says on Fri- 
 day, December 1st, UU.'i. " towards the evening 
 intelligence came that the Lord (Jrawford was 
 come to Alton with a regiment of horse and 
 anotlier of foot, and began to fortify tliat town 
 with all the speed he could, and that Sir Ralph 
 Hopton hid quartered many of his men at 
 Alresford and Peterslii Id, which was done in 
 policy to keep our forces from Winchester, 
 while their main body got into Sussex and 
 Kent, at whicii time they took Arundel Castle, 
 or within a day after." The infantry regiment 
 here referred to was largely composed of Welsh- 
 men and Irishmen, and had bisen recently sent 
 from the garrison of Wallingford to reinforce 
 Lord Hopton. Clarendon says that it was about 
 500 strong, but the epitaph of its Colonel states 
 that it was not less than liJUt. It was under the 
 command of Colonel John Bolle, second son of 
 Sir Jolm Bolle, who died in 16' IG. He was an 
 ancestor of the present Warden of Winchester 
 College, to whom I am indebted for much 
 information concerning him. This gallant 
 soldier was a brother of Sir Charles Bolle, of 
 Louth Hall, in Lincolnshire, who on one occa- 
 sion concealed himself beneath the arch of a 
 bridge near the gaol at Louth, whil.st the 
 enemy's troopers galloped unsuspectingly above 
 his head. FIc raised a regiment amongst his 
 tenants lor tlie King, and gave the command of 
 it to his brother John. 
 
 Colonel John Bolle did great deeds at Edge- 
 hill and other plai-es at the head of his regiment, 
 whose ranks, sadly thinned by the ravages of 
 war and disease, seem to have been afterwards 
 filled with Welsli and Irish recruits. 
 
 On the evening of Saturday, Dec. 'Jth, most 
 of Waller's men were drawn up in Farnham 
 Park, and a party was that niglit sent towanls 
 Alton, wliicli beat up Lord Crawforii's(|uarter.s, 
 and afterwards fell back upon Farnham. But 
 more stirring work was at hand. 
 
 An attack in force upon Alton having been 
 decided upon, Lieut. Archer says, " Tuesday, 
 
 Dec. IJth, most of our men wont pn-Acntly 
 into the town (Farnham) to refresh an* ""•• ^-^ 
 themselves for the service, whert'. allh \ 
 
 before gave their general conKtiit, mail . a 
 
 stayed l>ohind, and went not wjih their colour*. 
 Nevertheless we advano<Ml without them. " 
 
 During the momint? hoars of thin memorable 
 r2th of Decemlxfr I^ord Crawford had »ent » 
 me<.senger to Farnham. .uiking Sir William 
 Waller to send him to Alton a runlet of sack, 
 promising to send a fat ox in txch.ingo. • Oor 
 wortliy .^ir William s«iit in a loving compliment 
 to tlie Lord Crawford half a hognhcad of mcIc, 
 who. mistrusting the matter and the me«>onger, 
 caused the inciwonger and divers oihin* to t.'ut« 
 thereof, and then caused it to lx< ranfully laid 
 by for his own drinking. " Sir Willnm Waller 
 demanded the promised ox, whoreufxm I»rd 
 Crawford replied that he would bring it him- 
 self. Waller " fails not at nightfall to go in 
 search of his ox, and. instead of a be.aj«t. limugbt 
 away ,'>6'» prisoners." His men, .".(khi uinumltcr, 
 mustered without beat of drum in the park at 
 Farnham, and commenced their niareh about 
 seven o'clock in the evening, going in tbt 
 direction of Ba.i'ing House. But after adv mc- 
 ing about two miles the cavalry halted for an 
 hour upon a luath between Crondall and Farn- 
 ham. and awaited the arrival of the infantry, 
 and thus reinforcid continued their march, 
 whicli w.as favoured by the hard frost, which at 
 this time lasted for six weeks without inter- 
 mission. Lieut. Klias Archer says: "But 
 having marched that way about two miles we 
 returned to the left." Another oyc-witneea 
 says that the whole force march<d as if toward* 
 Basing until one o'clock in the morning, and 
 then "faced south towards Alton Ul ween the 
 hills." Lieut. Archer s-ays that they "in • 
 remote way betwemthe woo<Iand hilU marched 
 beyond Alton, and about nine o'tl<Kk on Wed- 
 nesday morning. Dt-cemlxr Kith, eame upon the 
 west side of the town, where we had Uith the 
 wind and hill to frientl." Sir William Waller's 
 scouts were vigilant, wi that his main fom» ar- 
 rived without attracting obB<-rvation. 'Men urius 
 Aulicus" aiimitsthat the Cavalier hcoutii had con- 
 centrated their att<'nti'>n on the main roa<l load- 
 ing from Farnham to Alton, not exp<'cting an 
 attack from any other quarter. Some of 8ir 
 William's scouts were captunvl, but other* 
 brouglit information that l/ord (Crawford w»* 
 quartered in the town with between 300
 
 100 
 
 Wallkr Attacks Alton. 
 
 Mid fiOO horse, in addition to the infantry 
 regiment of Colonel John Bolle. Scarcely 
 liad they made their report before Lord 
 Crawford and hia troopers were both seen and 
 heard galloping at speed out of the town towards 
 Wini heater, having promised their comrades 
 of the infantry that they would speedily return 
 with reinforcements. They quitted Alton on 
 the eastern side, but being unexpectedly headed 
 back by the Parliamentaiv:in horse, tbcy galloped 
 back through t e town, and rode to the south- 
 ward direct for Winchester, whilst in their rear, 
 now sabeiingone, now capturing another, rode 
 the pui suing m;iil-clad squadrons of Sir Arthur 
 Haslerig, known as " Lobsters," from their 
 iron shells, and, says the stern Puritan 
 chronicler, " our Foot made the woods ring with 
 a shout." Thi-ee or four Cavaliers were slain 
 in the pursuit, which was followed for about 
 half a mile through narrow lanes, and about 30 
 horses and some prisoners were taken by Sir 
 Arthur's men, who then returned and blocked 
 up all the enti'ances to the town, leaving Lord 
 Crawford and his men to make the best of their 
 way to Winchester. 
 
 Nor were the infantry idle meanwhile. 
 Lieut. Archer says, " Then Sir William's own 
 regiment of foot. Sir Arthur Haslerig's five 
 companies, and five companies of Kentishmen 
 went on upon the north and north-west side, 
 and gave the first onset by lining of hedges and 
 the like, but could not as yet come to any per- 
 fect execution, in respect that our London Regi- 
 ments were not come in sight of the enemy, 
 and therefore they bent all their force against 
 those three regiments, and lined divers houses 
 with musqucteers, especially one great brick 
 house near the church was full, out of which 
 windows they fired very fast, and might have 
 done great prejudice to those men. but that 
 when our train of artillery came towards the 
 foot of the hill they made certain shot, which 
 took place upon that house, and so forced them 
 to forsake it. In the meantime our London 
 regiments and four companies that belong to 
 Farnham Castle came down the hill ;then the Red 
 Regiment aud the Green coats and the four com- 
 panies of FarnhamCastle,set upona half moon and 
 a breast work, which the enemy had managed, 
 and from which they fired very hot and des- 
 perately till the Green Auxiliaries marched on 
 the other side of a little river into the town 
 with their colours flying, and being in the wind 
 
 of the enemy, fired a little thatched houae, 
 and so blinded tliem that this regiment 
 marched forwards, and coming in part behind 
 the works, fired upon them, so that they were 
 forced to forsake the said half-moon and 
 breast work, which they had no sooner left 
 but presently the Green-coats and part of the 
 musquetecrs of the Red, and our Yellow regi- 
 ment entered, while the rest of our regiment 
 matched into the town with their colours 
 flying.'' Another eye-witness, already referred 
 to, says that the infantry advanced as far as 
 the Market Place. 
 
 Lieutenant Archer continues : ■ Now was the 
 enemy constrained to betake himself and all his 
 forces to the church, chur^hyaid, and one great 
 work on the north side of the church, all 
 which thoy kept near upon two hours very 
 stoutly, and, having made scaffolds in the 
 church to fire out of the windows, fired very 
 thick from every place." 
 
 The other account says that the Cavaliers, 
 being all musketeers, retired to the woiks near 
 the church, "where they had double trenches 
 and a half-moon." The church and a bam 
 close by were their " chiefest refuge;" and 
 there was " a very hot fight near two hours by 
 reason of a maliLniant, wlio willingly fired his 
 own barn and other houses." The smoke caused 
 much annoyance to the assailants, who lost 
 about three men " by reason of which smoke." 
 The battle word of the Cavaliers was 
 "Charles," that of their opponents being " Truth 
 and Victory. " 
 
 The fight continued, says Lieutenant Archer, 
 " till divers soldiers of our regiment and the 
 Red Regiment fired very thick upon the south- 
 east of the churchyard, and so lorced them to 
 forsake that part of the wall, having their 
 muskets standing upright, the muzzles whereof 
 appeared above the wall as if some of the men 
 had still lyn there in ambush, and our men 
 seeing nobody appear to use those muskets, con- 
 cluded that tlie men were gone and consulted 
 among themselves to enter two or three files of 
 musqueteers, promising Richard Guy. one of 
 my captain sergeants, who was the fiist that 
 entered the chureiiyard, to follow him if he 
 wcmld lead them. Whereupon he advanced, and 
 coming within the churchyard door, and seeing 
 most of the Cavaliers firing at our men from 
 the south and west part of the churchyard, 
 looked behind him for the men which promised
 
 TiiK Church Storm kd. 
 
 101 
 
 to follow him, and there was only one mus- 
 queteer with him." 
 
 "i^fcvcrihcless, he, flourishing liis sword, told 
 thcni if they would come the churchyard was 
 thvir own ; then Symon Hutchinson, one of 
 Lieutenaut-Colonel WiUoughbie's sergeants, 
 forced the musqueteers, and brought tlicai up 
 hiuiscll:. Immeuiatcly upon this one of the 
 sergeants of the lied Regiment, wliose name 1 
 know not, and, therefore, cannot nominate hnn 
 as liis woith deserves, brougtit in anotlicr divi- 
 sion of muaqueteers, wlio, togetlier wiih those 
 which were there before, caused the enemies' 
 forces to betalie themselves tow.irds the church 
 for sifeguird, but our men followed tiiem so 
 close with their iialberts, swords, and musket 
 stocks that tliey drove them beyond tlie ciiurch 
 door, and slew about ten or twelve of tliem, and 
 forced the rest to a very distracted retreat. 
 "\Vhi(-h, when the others saw who were in tlio 
 great work on the north side of the churchyanl, 
 they left the work, and came, thinknig to help 
 their fellows, and, coming in a disorderly 
 miinner to the south-west corner of the cliurcli, 
 with their pikes in the rear (who furiously 
 charged on in as disorderly a manner as the rest 
 led tnem), their front was forced back upon 
 their own pikes, wliich hurt and wounded many 
 of the men, and br.ike the pikes in pieces. By 
 this time the churcliyard was full of our men, 
 laying about them stoutly with halborts, swords, 
 and musket-stocks, while some threw hand 
 granadoes in at the church windows, otliers 
 attempting to enter the cliurch, being kil on by 
 Sergeant-Major Shambrooke, a man whose worth 
 and valour envy cannot stain, who in tlic 
 entrance received a shot in the thigli, whereof 
 he is very ill." Major Shambrooke isclsewhero 
 said to liave been wounded in the tliigh in the 
 church, by the pistol of a prisoner, to whom lie 
 had given quarter. '' Great liopes there is of his 
 speedy recovery." An entry having been forced 
 into the churcli, the exterior and inteiior of 
 which still bear many a bullet mark. Colonel 
 BoUe declared with an oath that he would "run 
 his sword thrtmgh tlie heart ot him which hrst 
 called for quarter." Clarendon says that lie 
 hoped to defend the church " for so many hours 
 that relief might be sent to him, but ho liad not 
 time to barricade the tloors ; so that the eiu my 
 entered almost as soon, and after a short 
 resistance, in which many were killed, 
 the soldiers, overpowered, threw down tlieir 
 
 arms, and asked quarter, which wm 
 likewise offered to the Colonel, who re- 
 fused it, and valiantly dofuided hiiunclf. till, 
 with the death of two or tliroe of t' t«, 
 
 he was kdl d in the place, hiit t; ig 
 
 him a testimony of great cour.ig. ..... .. ■•.u- 
 
 tion. ' According to a family t:;iduio;i th« 
 Colonel was hliot in the pulpii, but, according to 
 •'Morcu:ius Aulicu.H,' he wa« knocked on lh« 
 head with the buit end of a musket. The 
 Wetlchj AccoiinUti Dec. J tli, 104. J, my«. " 1 am 
 lortainly informed there were not above Uitc<vo 
 pieces found in tlie pocket of Colonel H<>ilc«, 
 who, until he fell himstlf, did br .vcly cucxtutage 
 and lead on his soldiers." 
 
 This gallant soldier's epitaph is inscribcii on 
 two bia.sses, <ine of which is alhxcd to a pillar 
 near liisliop Morloy's monument m \Vin<.lu-.sl«r 
 Catliedr.d, and the other is in Alton Cnu/ch. 
 It states that the strengtii of Ins rcgiiucnt was 
 lilUO, and that he took refuge in Allun Church 
 with about HO of his m.n ; that the li;^hl listed 
 tix or seven hours, and tiiat Colonel lioUoa 
 killed six or seven of his a.Shailants beloru he 
 was slain, together with sixty of his men. The 
 author of this e|>itaph, wiio cliiiued kinship 
 to the gallant C loiiel, erroneously statcni the 
 date of Alton Fight as IGll, instead oi 1613, 
 and it has been justly remarked " As no horo 
 was ever perhaps more deserving of an honour- 
 able commendation to posterity so never per- 
 haps was there an epitaph more devoid of 
 grammar and orthography than that which U 
 here erected to Ids memory. ' It thus concludou : 
 
 " liis Gratious Soueraigne, hearing of his 
 death, gave him his high Commeudatmit in ys 
 pationale expression : — 
 Bring me a Moorning .'^cartTo, 1 have Lo!»t one 
 
 of the best 
 Coinmainlers in this Kingdomo. 
 Alton will tell you of that f.iinous Fight 
 Whit h ys man made, and bade thu« \\ orld good 
 
 night. 
 His \ ertious Life fear'd not Mortality, 
 liis Body niusi, his Vermes Ciinnol die. 
 Beeau.se Ins Blond was there so nubly spont, 
 This is his Tonibe ; that Churcli hia Monument. 
 
 llicardus Holes, Wiltomensis in Art. Mag. 
 
 Composuit i'osuitque Dolens. 
 
 An. Dmi. Uis'J. ' 
 
 According tt» Lieutenant .Vrcher, " Ho being 
 slain, they generally yielded and desired quart^-r.
 
 102 
 
 KiI.M:I>, WolNDKl) AND I'lCI.SON KHS. 
 
 except some dcspiT.ite villains which n^fused 
 quarter, who were slain in the chuicli, and some 
 others of them woumied, who afterwards w»re 
 granted quarter upon their rcijuest." The 
 Lieutenant says that Wallers loss was " not 
 above eight or nine at the most, Ixsides what 
 weie w'ounded, and I conceive their loss of men 
 to be about li ty or sixty, most of which were 
 elain in the cliurch and churchyard after we had 
 entered.'' Other ai counts say tiiat the 
 Cavaliers had -JO or 100 killed, and that Waller 
 lost only five killed, five or fifteen wounded, 
 " and about six scorched with powder by leason 
 of their own negligence." ' IMcrcuiius Aulicus" 
 Bays that " 27 of the King's men fell at Alton, 
 and that only 3 were made prisoners, whilst 
 Waller had 2(10 men killed in the church and 
 churchyard !" 
 
 Master Elias Archer says that when all re- 
 sistance was at an end tlie prisoners who had 
 been taken in and about the church were placed 
 in a large barn " whicli joyned to the church- 
 yard, and after the church was cleared of our 
 men, they were all put into the churcli, and tlie 
 rest which were taken in several houses in the 
 town were put to tliem, and there they were 
 coujiled together and brought to Farnham, the 
 number of them being 875. amongst Avhomwere 
 about fifty commanders besides hoi semen, which 
 were taken in pursuit of the Lord Crawford, 
 who ran away from the town as soon as we gave 
 the first assault upon their works." Archer 
 thinks that Waller's cavalry " made our number 
 of prisoners near 1100, many of those prisoners 
 being men of considerable respect in the King's 
 army." Another account says that there were 
 700 prisoners taken in the church, nearly 100 in 
 the barn, near the churcliyard, and more tlian 100 
 in the field witli, "divers Irish men and women," 
 and significantly adds that "there was greatwrath 
 against the Irish." Another writer gives the 
 number of piisouers as TOO. From 100 to L'OO 
 horses were captured, and lOnO arms, most of 
 which were given to certain auxiliaries from 
 Kent, who soon afterwards joined Sir William 
 Waller, armed only with clubs. Amongst the 
 prisoners were one Colonel, one Lieut. -Colonel, 
 one Major, and 13 Captains. Three cornets 
 were taken, one having upon it the letters 
 " C. P." and the Prince of Wales's arms, another 
 with the arms of the Earl of Strafi'ord, together 
 " with divers other colours hid in the church." 
 Waller at once employed the inhabitants of 
 
 Alton to "slight," or demolish the fortificationg 
 which had been constructed in and about the 
 town by the Cavaliers. The prisoners were 
 fastened together in couples with match, "and 
 are now in Farnham Church and Castle, where 
 they may hear better doctrine tlian they have 
 heard at Oxford or amongst the lii--h rebels." 
 
 Some of Waller's west country recruits are 
 Slid to have fought up to their knees in dirt. 
 The Weekhi Account says, with reference to the 
 Cavaliers, "I cannot learn of any store of money 
 they had," but another writer asserts tliat the 
 victors took much spoil " insorau ;h that divers 
 of our soldiers strutted along with their hands 
 full of gold and silver, saying" Look here, boys, 
 when was it thus with me before !" They also 
 made prize of good arms and clotlies. 
 
 Lord Crawford left his hat and cloak behind 
 him at Alton, and owed his escape to th'- speed 
 of his horse. It will be remembered that he 
 had on the previous day received with due 
 tasting precautions a present of some wine from 
 Sir William Waller. This he also left behind 
 him in his flight, and it was ever afterwards re- 
 membered against him that he " loft his sack at 
 Alton. By reason of this unexpected company 
 he was struck with a panic fear, and left the 
 wine without a compliment for Sir AVilliam 
 Waller's own drinking, who was the right owner 
 thereof, whose soldiers wanted no tasters of the 
 same !" 
 
 The following characteristic letters from 
 Hopton and Crawford were read in the House 
 of Commons on Monday, December 18th. to- 
 gether with a letter from Sir William Waller, 
 whose first messenger, announcing liis victory, 
 had reached London on December 13th : — 
 
 " To Sir W. Waller. — Sir, — I hope your coin- 
 ing of Alton cost you dear. It was \our lot to 
 drinke of your own sack, which I never intended 
 to have left for you. I pray you favour mo so 
 much as to send me my owne chirurgion, and 
 upon my hon 'ur I will send \o\x a person suit- 
 able to ins exchange. Sir. your servant. 
 
 Cr.\K()RD." 
 
 " To Sir W. Waller.— Sir,— This is the first 
 evident ill successe I have had. I must acknow- 
 ledge that I have lost many brave and gallant 
 men. I desire you. if Colonell Bolles bo alive, 
 to propound a fit exchange ; if dead, that you 
 will send me his corps. I pray j'ou sende me a 
 list of such prisoners as you have, thit such 
 choice men as they are may not continue long
 
 Disposal of Pkisoxkrs. 
 
 103 
 
 uuredeemed. God give a sudden stop to this 
 issue of English blood, which ia the desire. Sir, 
 of youf faithluU friend to serve you, 
 
 Wiiiton, Itjth Doc. Rali'U Hoffon." 
 
 Clarendon adds — " The Lord Hopton sus- 
 tained the loss of that regiment wilh extra- 
 ordinary trouble of mind, and as a wound that 
 would bleed inward ; and therefore was the 
 mure inflamed with desire of a battle with 
 Waller to make even all accounts." A little 
 more patience, my Lord Hopton, and your wish 
 shall be fully gralihed. 
 
 It was noticed that Alton was taken at the 
 very time wlien the Cavalieis at Ox-ord were 
 maiiing " bon-fyers with much tiiumpli" for 
 the death of Tym. 
 
 On Friday, December l.'>tli, Sir Arthur ilasle- 
 rig and Sir t.iilbert (ierard were ordered by tlie 
 House of Commons " to prop.ire a letter to be 
 written to Sir William Waller to acknowledge 
 the great seivice he has done, and liow it has 
 pleased Cod to bless it witli good success." The 
 House thanked the ofUcers and commanders, in- 
 cluding those belonging to the city, for their 
 valour and good service, and wisaed 'to en- 
 courage them in tlie perseverance." 
 
 One thousand horse-shoes and eight thousand 
 nails were ordered to be issued from store on 
 payment to Sir William Waller. Cavalry shoe- 
 ing sniitlis now use only six nails per shoe, 
 whilst civilian smiths still use eiglit. Throe 
 hundred nmskets, bastard muskets, and calivers 
 (the caliver was a lighter kind of musket), three 
 hundred swords, one tliousand clubs, iifty 
 barrels of powder, and four tons of match, the 
 two List items being drawn from the Navy 
 stores, were to be sent to Waller's army, and'JU'/ 
 was to be spent on arms and saddles for Capt 
 Savile's troop. About 4(J pris<jners were taken by 
 Waller duriiig the week following the Alton tight, 
 and were secured with tlieir comrades in Farn- 
 ham Ciiurch and Caatle. On thetuird day tliey 
 were offered freedom on condition of taking the 
 Covenant and engaging to ser^e the i'ailiament. 
 A numljer of tiieni, variously stated as being 
 300, 61)0, and GUU, accepted these tcims, took the 
 Covenant in the chancel of Faruham Church, 
 and during the following week proved the 
 groundlessness oi tlie doubts wliidi were freely 
 expressed as to their fidelity by a lieice a88.iult 
 upon tiicir former comrades .it Arundel. About 
 500 others, many of whom were liwhmen, re- 
 
 fused these offered iomus and were detained m 
 custody. 
 
 On Monday, December l»th. the CommittM 
 of Safety was directed to dihpo«e of th« 
 priscmeis taken at Alton, "and it any bo Iri*h 
 rebels, to con.sider what i« lit to bo iion«> with 
 them. ' The Conunittee for I'l . nt to 
 
 decide about those who wlto not ,1 or 
 
 who refused to tike the Coven iiu in i.-ndon 
 trained bands now marched liomcwaidit, .-iii<i th" 
 prisoneis, lied together with m.iteh,weru broU(;ht 
 up to town, some being consigned to tbccuhlodj 
 of each regiment. 
 
 On Tuesday. December llHh. the tmitu-d 
 bands, with their captiv<s, halted at Hammer- 
 smith, and on the following d.iy .il officeiH, '6M 
 soldiei-s. and four servants to the prin<ipal 
 oHiccrs were m inched under a Ktron;* -^u-ird to 
 the Royal Kxihange. T»n piincip.il oniceiH and 
 forty others were committed to Lord I'etre'a 
 house, in Aldersgatc-street, •_'<» were< sent to the 
 Gatehouse, .'jK to the Marsh. il>ea, ."»0 to Wm- 
 ehester House, 0*1 to Lanil>oth I1oub<.\ 6 • to tbo 
 Fleet, 40 to Bridewell. 40 to Maiden Line, 30 
 to London House, "JO to Ely Houm>. Tnirty- 
 two otiiers were lying sick and wounded at 
 Farnham and Alton, and were Kiid to be well 
 cared for. On the .same day the Houitc of 
 Commons voted that a sum of Jo/.. nalised by 
 the sale of some raw hides wliich h:id U'On 
 seized on their way to the Mayor of Itciding, 
 sliould be paid "to a lieutemnt in Sir Arthur 
 Ha.selrigge's regiment that hath lost a leg in tb« 
 service at Alton." 
 
 Lady IJutler. a well-known courteain, who 
 often appeared in public clad in male attire, on 
 hearing that her paramour, ."^lr Giles Porter, 
 had been wounded at Alton, shot hernelf wilh » 
 pistol. The chronicler adds, "(^uuIIh vita, finia 
 ita. As was her life, so w.as her end I" 
 
 Thus did Lord Crawford " leave bia sack at 
 Alton !" 
 
 There must have been sad he.nrts at Ruing 
 when news arrived of the ilitiawter at Alton, in 
 the immediate neighbourhooii. Hut iiiinfoitunea 
 never come singly, and a more griovoui blow 
 was ere long to be given to the Uoyal cause. 
 
 On Friday. December I.')th. the nowsj).ii>oni in 
 London stated that the King h.id inarciicd from 
 Oxfonl to Readini;, ami tliat the I'nnccH own 
 regiment. whi>li had lost a cornel at Alton. had 
 brought from Ha.siiig much money '• in trunks 
 iron chests, boxes, and the like," much plate
 
 104 
 
 llr.gi'isiTioNiNc Sii'iM.iKs. 
 
 havin<T bcon there rloposited in a;ifo koopiiig 
 tojj^thor with " rrn'ifixes, (•Jindlesticks. jcwnla, 
 and P()pi><h trinkets," a I;ir:,'o proportion of 
 wliich was promplly sent to tlie Mint istanlished 
 in loy.il Oxford dnring t'lcso tronblons yc'ii"^- 
 
 Ttio roinniittc! of Safety li.id mcianwiiile 
 been nrjin'^r th'! Eirl of E^acx to come noarer 
 to Sir William Waller, or at any rate to send 
 him s-imo infantry. " or otherwise he will not be 
 able to prosecute tliis advanta'j;c which he has 
 now "gotten, for the Kin,'"s forces increase in 
 Hampshire and Sass(^x, and divers new re;^iments 
 are raising there, whicli would be very pre- 
 judicial to the public, unless presently prevented," 
 and a newswriter observes '' IVo doubt tlie rot 
 was in Hantshire as Avell as in Sussex, for it came 
 thence." The Earl of Essex (f rumbled on 
 December 14th, and four days 1 iter tlie Com- 
 mittee of Safety informed him that Prince 
 Rupert was marchincfto join Lord Hopton, with 
 a view to forcini^ Waller to an engagement with 
 6000 horse and foot, desiring him to advance to 
 Windsor, or to go to the assistance of Sir 
 William Waller. Another account says that 
 Rupert was marching southwards from North- 
 amptonshire, and had with him ten guns, in 
 addition to his cavalry and infantry. 
 
 This order of the Committee was confirmed 
 by the Parliament on December 2()th, Sir 
 William Waller having gone towards Arundel, 
 leaving a garrison at Farnham, " and that Sir 
 Ralph Hopton, as the Houses are informed, 
 hath drawn all the forces he can make towards 
 Basing." 
 
 On Monday, December 18th, also, measures 
 were taken to reinforce Walhn-, as tlie King was 
 drawing all his forces towards him. ,')00/. was 
 ordered to be spent "for the better enabling and 
 encouraging r)00 men to march to Waller from 
 Windsor." .^OO men of the city regiments being 
 Bent to supply their place. 
 
 On December •20th the answer of the Earl of 
 Essex was read in Parliament. Tt was to the 
 effect that he considered Sir William Waller to 
 he in no great danger, since he had such a strong 
 base of operations as Farnham. which had lately 
 been regularly fortified, and " that the enemy, 
 e.sp cially at this season of the y^ar, will not be 
 able to do him any harm ;" that he was, never- 
 theless, sending to Sir William AValler Colonel 
 Bchre with nearly 000 horse, "and so well com- 
 manded" that they will easily be able to face 
 1000 Cavaliers. This letter was written at St. 
 
 Albans on December isth. M'A'A. Sir William 
 Wall-^r was, however, perfectly capable of secur- 
 ing his own safety, and of this he speedily 
 gave proof. 
 
 On December 'J'th tho sum of .HOO/. was 
 ordered t) bo spent in purchasing arms and war- 
 like stores for the Parliam'^ntarian garrison at 
 Southampton, and Ludlow records in his 
 Memoirs that iust before the comra •nceraont of 
 the siege of Wardonr Castle, of whi'-h he was 
 the Governor, he went to Southampton to buy 
 all the ammunition which Colonel Xorton could 
 SDar\ On Satnrdiy, December •j:5rd, 164.3, the 
 Governor of Poole received permission to com- 
 pound with the prisoners whom he had taken at 
 Dorchester. " and also with ^Ir. Wyatt, that 
 endeavoured to betray Poole." The money 
 thus realised was to be expended upon the de- 
 fences of Poole. 
 
 " Mercurius Aulicus" of December 2.5th has 
 preserved the following warrant sent to the 
 tenants of the Marquis of Winchester by 
 Col. Jones, the Governor of Farnham Castle : — 
 
 " These are to sive yon notice, in regard you 
 have made such a return to my warrant, issued 
 out to the High Constable of your Hundred, 
 that except you send into Farnham Castle, by 
 Monday next, without further delay, the several 
 proportions of wheat, malt, barley, and other 
 things assessed and charged upon you. accord- 
 ing to the said warrant, you are to expect the 
 same penalty with which the Marquesse of 
 Winchester threatens you, there being more 
 reason that you should serve a Protestant before 
 a Papist. Given under my liand at Farnham 
 Castle, the 8 day of Xovcmb.. lt)43. 
 
 Samikl Jone.'!, Collou. 
 
 To the Tythingman of Sherfield." 
 On which the journalist satirically remarks, 
 " Yes. Master Jones, wee'l call you Master 
 Colonel when you know how to spell the word; 
 it is most reasonable sucli a personage as your- 
 self should be served before the Lord ^larquesse 
 of Winchester, especially of such as are his 
 Lordship's tenants." The women of England 
 found tliat the long duration of the war had a 
 very depressing effect upon the matrimonial 
 market, and in the Ilarlelan Miaccllo));/ are thret- 
 witty but coarsely worded petitions purporting 
 to emanate from the maidens, wives, and widow- 
 of the kingdom, ujging on the Parliament the 
 desirability of a permanent and lasting peace. 
 The maidens one and all express their eager-
 
 A T<K CUING LkI'TKU. 
 
 lOfi 
 
 ness to many at onco, if only the rneu would 
 return Tron th j wxrs; the wives djplore tiie 
 absence of their husbands ; and the widows 
 unanimouslyexpresstheir determination to marry 
 at tlu! least once more, as soon as the war is 
 over. As it is now, so was it tlien. But one 
 soldier's wife, Susan Rod way by name, lonely 
 at homo, with a siuk chdl to care for, wrote a 
 letter to her husband, which is here transcribed, 
 with the orii^inal spelliu!,', as some readers may 
 like to see how soldiers' wives wrote two cen- 
 turi s ago : — 
 
 "Most deare andloviu'^ l)usl)ane, my kin;^ love 
 — I remember unto you. hoping that you are in 
 good hrlth, as I ame at the writtinjf heareof. 
 My littl'j Willie have bene sicke this forknight. 
 I pray you to come whome ife youe cane cum 
 saffly. I doo marfuil that 1 cannot heere from 
 you ass well other nayberes do. T do desiere to 
 heeri! from you as soone as youe cane. I pray 
 youe to send me word when youe doo thenke 
 youe shalt returne. You doe not consider I 
 ame a lone woemane ; I thought you woald 
 never have leave me thuse long togeder, so I 
 rest evere praying for your savese returne. 
 Your loving wife, 
 
 SrSAN RitDWAV, 
 
 Ever praying for you tell dcth I depart. 
 
 To my very loving husljane, Robert Rodwaj', 
 a traine soudare in the Red Reggimeut, under 
 the command of Captaine AVarrin. Deliver 
 this with spide, I pray youe." 
 
 Alas ! poor Susan ! Your letter, duly en- 
 trusted to •' Robert Lewington, the Ham[)8hire 
 carrier," was intercepted by a lieutenant of 
 Lord Hopton's army, and never reached your 
 husband's hands. Forwarded to O.xford. it, after 
 some weeks' delay, was published for the i'lfor- 
 raa(i'>n of the wliole kingdom in the columns of 
 " Men urius Aulicus." And it is much to be 
 feared tliat there was an ominous reason for 
 your husband's long silence, for Captain Warren 
 led on his men as a forlorn liope during one of 
 the fiercest assaults at Basing IIous", in Nov., 
 1G4;5, and your dearly loved Robert may even 
 then have been sleeping in a soldier's grave 
 beneath the stately ramparts of " Loyalty 
 House." AVe may wonder too what was the 
 fate of " Little Willie," who "have l)eene sicke 
 this forknight," about whom his mother is so 
 anxious ! But a truce to moralising. 
 
 Sir Edward Ford had been left by Lord Hop- 
 ton in command at Arundel Castle, and had 
 
 under him more than 'JUi» nun and " many good 
 ollicers, who desired or were very willing to 
 stay there, as a place very favourable for the 
 levies of men which they all intended, and ii 
 may be that the more remained theie out of the 
 weariness and fatigue of their late marches, and 
 that they might spend tlie rest of the winter with 
 better accommodation. ' So sjiys Clarendon, 
 and continues: " Tlie (lovernor was a man of 
 honesty and courage, but unac<juainted with 
 that alfair, having no other experience in war 
 than what he had learned since these troubles. 
 The ollicers were many without command ; 
 many whereof were of natures not ea.sy lo be 
 governed, nor like to conform tiiemselves tosuch 
 strict rules as the condition of the place required, 
 or to use that industry as the exigence they were 
 like lo be in made neces.s;iry. " Amongst them 
 was •' Colonel Bamfoid, an Lishman, though 
 he called himself liamfiehl ; who, being a 
 man of wit and parts, applied all his facuhies 
 to improve the taction, to which they were all 
 naturally inclined, %\ith a hojie to make himatlf 
 Governor." Lord Hopton also left in the 
 castle the Rev. Dr. William Chillingworth, .^ 
 native of Oxford, and a Fellow of Trinity 
 College in that University. lie was a very dis- 
 tinguished controversiali.st, and wa.s the author 
 of the well-known "Safe Way to Salvation, or 
 the Religion of Protestants." Dr. Calamy, 
 quoted in ' Dallaways Arundel, " says : " In the 
 beginning of the war he was with the Earl of 
 Essex, and wlien with him in Cornwall, he 
 showed himself a person of great strength and 
 undaunted courage. His conmiands were us 
 readily obeyed by any colonel in that army us 
 the General's own. He inviiitcd at the siege of 
 Gloucester engines after the manner of the 
 Roman ' testudines cum pluteis." whiih ran 
 upon cart wheels, with a blind or planks mus- 
 ket proof, and holes for four musketeers to pl.ay 
 out of, placed upon tlie axletree, and carrying a 
 bridge before it. The wheels were to fall into 
 the ditth, and tlie bridge to rest upon the town's 
 breastwoik, so making seviral com|)letf bridges 
 to enter tlie city." At Arundtl Castle he had 
 under liis charge two small guns, called 
 " murderers, " the only ones mounted on 
 the works. "Some s,iy that he was actively 
 engaged during the siege in constructing 
 machines after the Roman mtthod, and that the 
 vexation arising from their failure greatly 
 hastened his death. He was a good logician,
 
 lOG 
 
 Wai,i,i;r's March to Arundel. 
 
 and used hia logic to some purpose in theology ; 
 but he left out ;in impoctant coiisidenition in hia 
 military clcrichus when he forgot that the 
 Romans did not employ " villainous saltpetre" 
 in their sieges." Loid Hopton laid in a good 
 Btoro of provisions, and left these orders with 
 th • garrison, " In the first place, setting all 
 other things aside, to draw in store of provisions 
 of all kinds, both for the numb rs they were 
 already and for such as would probably in a 
 shoit time be added to them ; all which from 
 the crreat plenty that country then aboumled 
 with was very easy to have been done." But 
 Sir William Waller " found that garrison as nn- 
 provided as he could wish. For instead of in- 
 creasing the magazine of victual by supplies 
 from the country, tliey had spent much of that 
 store which the Lord Hopton hid provided." 
 Sir William AValler having determined to 
 attempt the recovery of Arundel Castle, the 
 City of London was requested •' to allow the 
 longer stay of their forces ;" five hundred men 
 of the Windsor garrison were, as we have seen, 
 ordered to join him ; the Kentish Committee 
 wrote from Westerham to offer assistance, and 
 Sussex was required to pay immediately 
 108UZ. 5s. 5d., and to raise 12;') horse. 
 
 And now, as Mr. Gordon tells us, Sir William 
 Waller marched in pursuit of the hitherto 
 victorious Cavaliers, with a larger army than had 
 entered Sussex since the battles of Senlac and 
 Lewes. From his own letter we learn that he 
 marched from Farnham on Sunday, December 
 17th, 1G43, and a letter from one of his officers, 
 preserved by Mr. Gordon, which originally 
 appeared in the "Mercurius Civicus" of Dec. 
 21st, of that year, states that the hour of de- 
 parture was " about two of the clock in the 
 afternoon, marching towards Hazleworth 
 (W^aller himself says Haslemere), our noble 
 general seeming to go another way, to amaze 
 the Papists and malignants, and the better to 
 prevent intelligence, and about midnight came 
 with his whole army to the said town, where the 
 rendezvouz was that night. Monday sunrising, 
 his honour wheeled about towards Mcdhuist, 
 where my Lord Mountacute's (Montague) house 
 is (Cowdray), which said lord is a known and 
 prof est Papist." Sir W^illiam Waller, writing 
 from Arundel, on Friday, Dec. 22nd, said that 
 the garrison of Cowdray consisted of four troops 
 of Cavalier horse and 100 infantry. " I deter- 
 mined to give them the good night." Accord- 
 
 I ingly, two regiments of cavalry wen- sent to 
 block up the various roads in the neiglibonrhood, 
 " but they were too nimble for me, anfl e^capcd 
 hither, where I overtook them on Tu< sday 
 night." The officer continues, " The hcjusc is 
 now possest by the Parliament forces, 
 where we staid that night, and furnished 
 the said castle, for indeed it may well 
 be called so in regard of the strength 
 thereof, with all nece.s.sarics for defence to awe 
 the Papists and malignants, wherewith the said 
 town IS much infested and infected. Tui sday 
 morning we marched from Medhurst, sending 
 out a party of horse to Petwoith, having 
 thought to surprise the enemy theic, liut they 
 fled before our success, Hopton and the gi cat 
 ones to Winchester, and the rest to Arundel 
 with bag and baggage ; all that night we lay on 
 a heath, within a mile of Arundel." The Par- 
 liament ordered the goods plundered at Cowdray 
 to be brought to London and •' sold to the best 
 value." Other contemporary accounts say that 
 Lord Hopton evacuated Petersfield and Aires- 
 ford in great haste, leaving many arms behind 
 him at the former place. Having concentrated 
 his forces at Winchester, he was " entrenching 
 apace," 1000 men being daily employed as a 
 fatigue party. Forced labour was also exacted 
 from the country people, and Lord Hopton was 
 summoning all men between the ages of sixteen 
 and sixty to join his standard. Five or six who 
 refused to take service under him were hanged 
 at Salisbury, as were also certain others in 
 various places. 
 
 Mr. Gordon says, " The march of the main 
 body of Sir William Waller's army over Black- 
 down Hill must have been an imposing sight, as 
 it passed the friendly mansion of the Yaldens, 
 and it is strange that no local records or tradi- 
 tions remain concerning it. Probably some de- 
 tachments went south, and leapt upon tlie 
 Sussex Weald by tlie bowery slopes of Holly- 
 combe and Milland. Medhurst {i.e., Midhurst, 
 still so called by our peasiints, who never say 
 M/(/hurst) found itself the centre of a flood of 
 men on that Monday night, and Cowdray Park 
 must have been full. Would that some of the 
 old trees now standing could tell us of the camp 
 fires that they saw that December night." 
 
 Meanwhile it was reported in London that 
 Colonel Norton had surprised and taken 2i'0 
 Cavalier horse, who were quartered at Twyford, 
 about three miles from Winchester. Sir William
 
 AkINDKL CaSTLK lilSlKCKI). 
 
 107 
 
 Courtney, of Brambridge, a Cavalier, afterwards 
 paid a fine of '2bl. 3s. -Id. as a composition for 
 his estate. Colonel Norton was the son in-law 
 of Sir AValter Erie, a staunch adherent of th • 
 Parliani'^nt, and. according to Mcrcurius Aulicus, 
 of Wednesday, August IGth, 104:'>. his mother 
 was as devoted as himself to the Puritan cause. 
 "Mercurius" is, as usual, uncomplimentary, but 
 journalistic satire is by no means of modern 
 origin :— 
 
 " It was also signified from thence (Ports- 
 montli) that the Lady Xoi ton. mother to that 
 most noble Colonel wholiatli done such wonders 
 of late days, and governess for tlie present of 
 the town of Portsmouth, for the Committee 
 dare do nothing without her advice, was very 
 busily employed in making some new works 
 about Portsey Bridge ; and was not only every 
 day in person amongst the workmen, whom she 
 encouraged much by her presence, but brought 
 with her also with her every day ;')U or 40 maids 
 and women in a cart (tliey may live to be so 
 coached hereafter) to dig and labour in the 
 trenches. To the great honour of her sex, of 
 her person more, who in a short time will grow 
 as aide to command-in-chief as the good Lady 
 Waller to possess tlie pulpit. It was further 
 signified from thence that the Committee by 
 her direction had caused a dungeon to be made 
 there as dark as hell, tliat if tlie liberty of the 
 subject should be laid up there nobody should 
 have hope to find it, intended for such male- 
 factors, as it now appears, who either do refuse 
 to take tlie new oath or to pay their taxes, or 
 otherwise sliall sliow any good affections to his 
 sacred Majesty." 
 
 On Wednesday, December liOth, 164.3, the 17 
 days' siege of Arundel Castle commenced. Mr. 
 BlaiuWj^Ir. Ilillier, Mr. Dallaway, Mr. Gordon, 
 and others have treated this subject with much 
 care, and it is only necessary liere to rapidly 
 sketch the course of events, with due gratitude 
 to those who have thus facilitated our t isk. 
 
 From a letter written by Daniil Border, from 
 Arundel, on January 'Jth, 1041, " to a gentleman 
 dwelling in ^lugwell-street," it appears tliat Sir 
 William Waller'schief engineer was captured by 
 the garrison. From the account given l)y " Mcr- 
 curius Aulicus," it .seems that Waller must liave 
 despatched a reconnoitring party to Arundel, on 
 Tuesday, December I'.'th. in advance of his army. 
 '' Just as Sir William Waller approached Arundel 
 Castle the Governor had taken in more ammuni- 
 
 tion and match from Weymouth, who, going up 
 to the castle, caused a house to be fired. 
 Instantly there came staring four or five rebel 
 commanders, and were seized by the girrison 
 soldiers, who being asked wliy they came hit'ier, 
 answered that Sir William Waller bade them 
 fall on where they siw fire. Soon after this a 
 barn was fired, and eight more were taken in the 
 same manner : one of them tliey call ' the devil 
 with one leg,' a famous engineer, but ho was too 
 busy with the fire. " 
 
 At early dawn on the morning of Wednesday. 
 December L'Dth. Sir William Waller suiveyed 
 the enemy's position, and s;iys that he speedily 
 found a place " to Hank their line with our 
 ordnance. We fell on upon the north si le of 
 the works, whicii we diii so .scour a weedy hill 
 in the park on the west side of the pond with 
 our pieces, that we made it too hot for them." 
 Another account 8.ays that an attack on tho 
 north-west and south-west of Arundel i-oin- 
 menced at eight o'clock in the morning. The 
 encouraged assailants at once stormed a very 
 strong new retrenchment, probably constructed 
 by Lord Hopton " fnmi the town gate down to 
 the aforesaid pond by the mill." Another 
 division simultaneously •' forced a very strong 
 double work in a narrow pass;ige by tlie mill." 
 The outworks, together with some Mi • prisonem, 
 were taken after about half an hour's fighting, 
 and about ten o'clock the Cavalier horse- made 
 " a brave sally, " but were repulsed. The storm 
 ing party " beat them into the castle, and 
 entered the first gate with them ; the second 
 they made good and barricaded, and tlieie they 
 are welcome. " A forlorn hope was tlien ordered 
 to scour the streets, and capture*! a c^iptain, a 
 lieutenant, and several other prisoners. Cert tin 
 townsmen having taken refuge in tho Church of 
 St. Nicholas, preparati<Mis were made t<> smoke 
 them out, whereupon they speedily surrendered 
 at discretion. Tlie struggle had been severe 
 though brief, and the beleaguered garrison, which 
 Waller knew to be in great want i>f supplies, 
 ke|)t up a brisk fire of musketry from tlu' c istle, 
 but were not able to command any considerable 
 portion of the town. Only three or four men 
 are said to h.ive been killed whil-t entering 
 the town, but one man was wounded in the 
 thigh upon the bridge, and Captain liutler r*> 
 ceived a shot in the holster .as he rode over. 
 Tho number of wounded was not large, but in 
 eluded Lieut. -Colonel Burchcr, wounded in th**
 
 108 
 
 TiiK Siege Cominuks. 
 
 stomacli. lie, however, speedily recovered. 
 Lieut. -Colonel Ramaiiy, who WMHone of the first 
 to enter the town, " whilst cistinjf his eye to- 
 wards the castle, was unfortunately slain with a 
 musket bullet from thence ; he was interred on 
 the following Saturday, six trumpeters going 
 before the corj)se with a mournful sound, his 
 aerge mt-major, to whom his place fell, follow- 
 ing, and then all the officers of his regiment." 
 The besieged hoistt'd a red Hag of defiance, for, 
 says Whitelock, '' The Earl o. Essex's colours 
 were a deep yellow ; others setting up another 
 colour were held malignants, and ill-affected to 
 the Pailiamcnt's cau.se. So small a thing is 
 taken notice of in the jealousies of war !' 
 
 The prisoners taken at Alton, and who had 
 joined Sir William Waller here, proved their 
 fidelity by a vigorous attack upon their former 
 comrades, and great praise was bestowed upon 
 the blue-coats, who ran up the enemy's woiks, 
 and beat them oil with the butt-onds of their 
 muskets. One of Waller's men, actuated either 
 by anger or treachery, tried to shoot him, but 
 his musket missed fire, and the would-be assas- 
 sin was hanged without delay. Sir William 
 AValler says, "I am very weak in foot, and my 
 horse so hacknied out that they are ready to 
 lie down under us. I expect Colonel Bayne 
 here this day, and Colonel Morley." The first- 
 named officer was, it will be remembered, 
 bringing up the cavalry reinforcement, (5Ul) 
 strong, sent to AValler by the Earl of Essex. 
 That night most of Waller's infantry were 
 quarter'id in the town of Arundel, -whilst a 
 regiment of cavalry was on the alert to check 
 any attempt to relieve the castle. 
 
 On Thursday, December 21st, Colonel Morley 
 arrived with his regiment, and some of the 
 adherents of the Parliament in the neighbour- 
 hood, hearing of scarcity in Waller's army, sent 
 in as a present six loads of provisions, an ex- 
 ample which was speedily followed by others. 
 The besieged refused either to give or to take 
 qu vrter, and the long frost, which had aided the 
 operations alike of Hopton and of Waller, at 
 last ended in a thaw. Jacob Travcrs, writing 
 from the army, says that the weather was cold 
 and the nights long, and that the soldiers were 
 exposed to '"high winds and extraordinary 
 showers of rain." In order to check the fire of 
 musketry from the castle. Major Bodley, '" per- 
 ceiving divers in the cas-le look forth in a bal- 
 cony," posted himself and twelve musketeers 
 
 " in a private place of advantage," and by a 
 well directed volley ''slow and wounded divers 
 of the enemy." 
 
 That night two " saker drakes," or light field 
 pieces, together with certain musk' teeis, wore 
 placed in the tower of the church, from which, 
 on the following diy, a heavy fi.-e was directed 
 upon the upper portion of the ca.stle. Many of 
 the garrison were captured whilst < ndeavou.ing 
 to escape. Sir Miles Livcsay ai rived with a 
 regiment of honse from Kent, and Sir William 
 Springate brouglit up his regiment of Kentish 
 infantry. Preparations were made to draw off 
 the water of the Swanbourne Lake, which 
 supplied the wells of tlie castle. There were 
 1<)() prisoners in Arundel Church, who had been 
 captured when Waller entered the town. A 
 certain Richard Smith, a deserter from the 
 army of the Parliament, " for twenty shillin'^s, 
 wht-reof he had twelve pence in hand, by them 
 hired to go to Hopton lor aid," was anested at 
 a court of guird four miles distant. When 
 questioned by the captain of the guard, he said 
 that he had lost the letter addres.sed to Lord 
 Hopton. Having been proved to be "anarch 
 spy in our army, ' he was hanged on the bridge, 
 within sight of the castle. He said that "'the 
 enemy's strength in the castle was KJOO foot 
 and 100 horse, but no provender for them. 
 That they had store of oxen, but no beer or 
 wine, save water only, which was in the castle 
 well ; that the common soldiers with him had 
 that day half a pound of bread weighed out to 
 them." 
 
 On Saturday the draining of the lake was 
 completed, and many fugitives let themselves 
 down from the castle walls by ropes, but were 
 for the most part captured. The besiegers 
 strengthened their guards, and Sir Henry Hey- 
 man came with his regiment from Kent. 
 
 On Sunday desertions from the garrison were 
 frequent and a heavy fire was directed against 
 the castle from the guns in the church tower. 
 Colonels Head and Dixie arrived with two 
 Kentish regiments, which, together with 
 " divers regiments from Sussex," made Waller's 
 force amount to not less than 10,000 men. A 
 number of starving hor.ses were turned out of 
 the castle, and one of Waller's men, in his 
 anxiety to secure one or more, ventured too 
 near the castle and was slain. About noon on 
 Monday, December 25th, about thirty Cavaliers 
 attempted to make a sortie, but upon Waller "s
 
 LoKi) Hopton's Relieving Army. 
 
 loy 
 
 drums beating and his trumpets sounding to 
 arms they hastily retreated. Sir Williim 
 Waller refused to exchange prisoners, and to 
 promise quarter to the garrison if they surren- 
 dered the castle. On Tuesday, December 2Uth, 
 Bome guns were planted in " a now place," 
 whic'i made the besieged garrison afraid to. show 
 themselves, and other measures to check the 
 advance of any relieving force were also taken. 
 
 Lord Hopton was meanwhile most an.\ious to 
 relieve the beleaguered Cavaliers. But there 
 were, unfortunately, .sad dissensions in his army. 
 The English — Irish who had come over to rein- 
 force the Cavaliers — constantly styled tlie Cor- 
 nish men, who were numerous in the army, 
 Cornish Choughs. Puritans, ;ind Roundhead 
 rogues ; wliilst the men of Cornwall in return 
 retaliated with the < pithetsof Irish Kernes and 
 Popish dogs. From words they came to blows. 
 Several Cornishmen were killed, and many of 
 their comrades, variously estimated at .'lO I and 
 1500 in number, deserted their colours and 
 returned to their homes. 
 
 Whitelock in his " JMeraorials" says that 800 
 native Irish landed at Weymouth in January 
 1G44, under the command of Lord Inchi(iuin, 
 to aid the cause of the King. They were 
 attacked by the garrison of Poole, and suffered 
 considerable loss in killed and wounded. Two 
 of their guns were also captured, and their 
 magazine of gunpowder was blown up. Wliite- 
 lovk remarks, on !March. 1G44, "Divers of the 
 Irish, .ibout loOO, were cast away at sea coming 
 to .serve His Majesty. It was observed that 
 these bloody Irish coming over liitlier never did 
 any service considerable, but were cut off, some 
 in one place, .some in another. In all places the 
 vengeance of God follows bloodthirsty men." 
 
 Determined, h )wever, to make an effort to 
 relieve Arundel Castle, Lord Hopton ordered 
 the county to send one hundred carriages to 
 Winclicster for the use of his army, and on 
 Tu(;sd,iy, December 2<»tli, news had been received 
 in London of his having sent an armed force to 
 break down the britlge over the Test at Red- 
 bridge, thus cutting off the town of Southamp- 
 ton from supplies from the New Forest, in the 
 hope that Sir William Waller would send troops 
 from .Vrundel, if he did not altogetlier raise tlie 
 siege. This proceeding fiad, however, only the 
 effect of stimulating Sir William Waller t<j 
 greater exertions. 'I'lie two Houses of Parlia- 
 ment ordered necessaries for the supply of .South- 
 
 ampton to be furnished by the Isle of Wight* 
 and Lord Hopton's men retired to Winchester 
 without gaining any advantage, except killing 
 three or four of Colonel Norton's men. 
 
 Lord Hopton himself now marched across the 
 county to Petersfield, which he reached on Wed- 
 nesday, JTth, with •JOni) cavalry and IjOD in- 
 fantry. Waller's scouts at once reported the 
 approach of this relieving force, and stating 
 that they had actually .seen it upon the march. 
 "On the news of this the besieged began to hope 
 again in Winchester and Oxlord, and came 
 forth to the l>alcony again," only to be shot 
 down by certain musketeers who had been 
 posted in the ruins of an old chapel. An oxhide 
 boat was discovered in the river " wliich run- 
 netli near tlie east side of the castle. " which 
 had l)eenused to ferry over a messenger sent to 
 Lord Hopton with a leiiuest for immediate relief. 
 Xo sooner had the royalist general marched 
 out of Winchester towards Arundel than the 
 ever active Colonel Norton, with the garri.son of 
 Southampton, boldly advanced to within two 
 miles of Winchester, and made prize of more 
 than fifty fat oxen. 
 
 On Thursday, December JHth, there were 
 further desertions from Arundel Castle. A flag 
 of truce was hoisted, and an application was 
 made by the garrison to Sir William Waller for 
 a snpply of sack, toljacco, dice, and card.><. in 
 return for whicli they offered l>eef and mutton. 
 I'hey complained of a want <>. both l>read and 
 water, and sent numeious oxen out of the 
 castle that night. On this day "a party of 
 His Excellency's liorse encountered with a party 
 of Sir Ralph Hopton's near Petersfield, and 
 took prisoners two quartermasters, one sergeant, 
 and two common soKliers." 
 
 At seven o'clock on the morning of Fri<iay, 
 December the Jilth.Sir William Waller recovered 
 possossiim of Cliichester. which, partly through 
 the influence of Sir William Ford, of I'p Park, 
 Sir Edwards father, had been .secured for the 
 King on the 'JJnd of the preceding month. The 
 constables and tythingmen of Singleton and 
 West Dean were ordered to impede Lonl Hop- 
 ton's march by every jiossible means, and the 
 besiegers removed some ammunition fnmi Mid- 
 hnrst to Arundel for .sifer lustody. As the 
 Cavaliers were now close at liand Sir William 
 Waller left l.")"0 men to continue tlie siege, and 
 marched to meet them. The two .armies faced 
 each other on North Mardeu Down and at West
 
 no 
 
 Skirmish at Havant. 
 
 Dean. A few shots were exchanged, and three 
 or four men killod on caoh side, whereupon 
 Lord llopton retreated nine miles to Ifeaveon 
 (Ilav.mt '.•'). Another account says that the 
 scene of this skirmish was only three miles from 
 Arundel. 
 
 On Saturday, Dec 80th, notwithstanding Sir 
 W. Waller's proclamation that no (juarter would 
 be given to deserters, fugitives continued to quit 
 the castle. One of them was a sergeant, who 
 complained of a scarcity of food, with the excep- 
 tion of "powdered beef" and "a few live beeves." 
 Beef was plentiful to the last, but no bread was 
 served out to the garrison after Christmas Day. 
 
 Among the State Papers (Domestic), 1(343, is 
 one dated "iSth December, written by a Royalist 
 of the name, real or assumed, of Harrison, to a 
 " Mr. Jean Bradley, English gentleman, of the 
 College of Tournay, Paris." 
 
 It is quoted by Mr. Gordon, and is as fol- 
 lows : "28, mbr, 1643 Sir William 
 
 "Waller was bravely repulsed and soundly beaten 
 from Basing about five oi' six w(;eks ago, with 
 the loss of the best part of 1 ( lOO of his men and 
 the diminution of his ci-edit with the citizens. 
 But since it hath been his fortune, he being four 
 or five thousand strong, and the other but weak 
 for number, to surprise at unawares, and, after 
 firm fight, with the slaughter of more of his 
 side, to take two or three hundred of my liOrd 
 Crawford's men, who were brought to this town 
 (Farnham or Guildford?) in triumph about a 
 week ago from South Harting, as I think the 
 place is called in Sussex." 
 
 This account evidently refers to a skirmish 
 between Sir William Waller's forces and those of 
 Lord Hopton about the time of the march of 
 the former general to Arundel, where he com- 
 menced the siege of the castle on December 
 20th, 1643. Mr. Gordon is of opinion that it 
 has reference to the retreat of Lord Hopton 
 after the failure of his attempt to relieve 
 Arundel Castle, and that Colonel Xorton was 
 the victor in this encounter. It may well be 
 that " Idle Dick Norton" was Lord Crawford's 
 antagonist, but as Lord Hopton did not retreat 
 from Arundel until December 29th, this engage- 
 ment must have taken place some eight days 
 previously. 
 
 On Saturday, December 30th, relief was 
 urgently requested by the Parliamentarian 
 garrison of Wai-dour Castle, of which Colonel 
 Ludlow, whom we shall hereafter meet at Basing 
 
 House, was the Governor. In the journalH of 
 the House of Commons of this date we find 
 mention of " the liritish Aimy" in Ulster, so 
 that this much usud phrase can boast of an 
 existence of nearly two centuries and a half. 
 The Earl of Essex was also ordered to march 
 either to Windsor or to some place 1 rom which 
 he would be able to assist Sir William Waller, 
 as Lord Hopton was known to be in motion. 
 
 On January 2nd, 1644, Colonel Xorton wrote 
 a letter giving an account of a successful brush 
 with the Cavaliers on their retreat from Arundel. 
 From this letter it appears that on Saturday, 
 December 30th, he marched to join Sir William 
 Waller, but could obt in no intelligence of the 
 whereabouts of Lord Hopton 's army. Stress 
 of weather obliged him to quarter his troopers 
 less than a mile distant from the enemy, who 
 were " upon a hill undiscovered." Scouts, how- 
 ever, speedily brought word of the proximity 
 of a hostile force, and Colonel Xorton prepared 
 to repel an attack. After faring the Cavaliers 
 for some time, he saw that their numbers were 
 hourly increasing, and accordingly began to 
 retire in the direction of Chichester, covering 
 the retreat in person with fifty men of his own 
 troop. The pursuers attacked in force, striving 
 to cut off the rear guard, whereupon Colonel 
 Xorton '' was fain to make a stand," and to. 
 retire so as to form up on an adjacent heath. 
 After some manoeuvring, his men continued 
 their retreat in good order, but on reaching 
 Havant met " the two regiments of Dragoons, 
 so they say, of Lord Crawford and Colonel 
 Ennis, coming out of a cross lane. Some of 
 them faced us, while the rest marched by," 
 wearing red uniform. At once Colonel Xorton 
 charged them, heedless of superior numbers, and 
 as soon as he came within half pistol shot the 
 Cavaliers broke and fled. Xot many of them 
 were killed, except a captain and a captain 
 lieutenant, " but I think few escaped without 
 broken pates." Several prisoners were secured, 
 with a loss of two or three of Colonel Norton's 
 men, who were killed. Their victorious com- 
 rades safely escorted the prisoners to Chichester, 
 and Colonel Xorton proceeded to Portsmouth, 
 from which place, on January 2nd, 1644, he 
 despatched the letter from which we have learned 
 the foregoing particulars. 
 
 Between Saturday, December 30th, 1643. and 
 Thursday, January 4th, 1644, there were con- 
 tinual desertions from the garrison of Arundel
 
 Wakui.inuton Castle. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Castle, and those who still held out were anxious 
 to treat for a surrender, but Sir William Waller 
 requiring them to surrender "at mercy," the 
 negotiations proved fruitless. On January Ist, 
 1G44, Mr. NicoU was directed by the Parliament 
 to request tlie Earl of Essex to grant Sir William 
 Waller a commission as major-general to com- 
 mand the f<nces of the four associated counties 
 of Hants, Surrey, Sussex, and Kent, •' accord- 
 ing to the ordinance for that association," and 
 the storekeepers were directed to furnish Sir 
 William Waller with any necessaries which were 
 not in store in the Tower of London. The 
 commission was at once granted by the Earl of 
 Essex, but not without an energetic protest, 
 and was delivered to Sir William on January 
 3rd. On the same day it was ordered that the 
 regiment of horse tvhich had Ijeen ordered to be 
 raised for service under Sir Richard Grenvillo 
 should be completed by the Committee of tlie 
 four associated counties, and that Mr. Trenchard 
 should pay on account 4lJ/. to Lieut. -Colonel 
 Cooke, lU/. to Colonel Van Hust, and 20/. to 
 Captain Smith, " to fit and despatch them away 
 to the service of Sir William Waller." 
 
 On January 6th we read of a skirmish near 
 Petersfield between 200 Cavaliers and ^0 of the 
 cavalry lent by the Earl of Esse.x to Sir William 
 Waller. The latter were victorious, and, with 
 a loss to themselves of six men, captured five 
 Roy.dist ollicers. A day or two before a body 
 of iiiJO or 800 (accounts vary) well-armed 
 soldiers, whilst on the inarch from the western 
 comities to join Lord Uopton, suddeidy mutinied, 
 and, marching to Poole and Lyme Regis, enrolled 
 themselves as soldiers of the Parliament. 
 
 Lord lloptoii liimself tried to aid the garrison 
 at Arundel by laying siege to Warblington 
 House, between Chichester and Portsmouth, 
 which Colonel Norton in the early days of 
 January occupied with a gariison variously said 
 to number 40. .60, GO, and «0 men. Of this 
 castle, the ruins of which are well worthy of a 
 visit, Mr. Moody says that it " appears to have 
 been built with brick, faced on tlie outside with 
 hewn stone, and was originally a square pile of 
 about 20'J feet, surroumled by ii quadrangular 
 court, but the only part now standing is a gate- 
 way and tower, fast mouldering away. The 
 whole was surroundt'd by a fosse ten feet deep, 
 and included about an acre of ground. liofore 
 the northern angle appears to have been an en- 
 trenched camp of five acres, now overgrown 
 
 with wood, surrounded by a bank nearly eight 
 
 feet high, and a ditch of a similar depth to that 
 around the castle." (" Antiquarian Sketches of 
 Hampshire," p. 340.) 
 
 The Rev. W. Xorris, M..V., to whose kinduens 
 I am much indebted, says : " Henry VIll. con- 
 ferred Warblington on Sir Richard Cotton, the 
 Controller of his Household. To him I am dis- 
 posed to attribute the erection of the present 
 castle, of which the tower remains, the style of 
 the architecture of which is that of a Tudor 
 rather than of an earlier age. It remained in 
 the hands of the Cottons till the Civil War. 
 Sir Richard Cotton received King Edward VI. 
 in it in the year 15)2, and, according to a terrier 
 of the manor, it was in perfect repair in the 
 year 1033. After that we know only of a ruined 
 tower, a broken arch, and a few nondescript 
 mounds, and remains of a moat ; but the story 
 is soon told. The Cottons were Royalists, the 
 Civil War broke out in the year 1042, and those 
 who adhered to the Royal cause suffered for their 
 loyalty." " The church as well as the castle 
 must have been battered in the Civil War. A 
 fragment of a tomb now in the vestry was ouce 
 built into the south-west wall of the chancel, 
 showingouly one fiat side, on which waseiigravod 
 a cross in a circle. Some thought it was a 
 Saxon altar, some that it was the dediaitory 
 stone of tlie church. When restoring the 
 church in 18G0, and trying whether there were 
 any veuiains of a window in that place. I had it 
 taken out, and it turned out to be part of a 
 broken monument of about the age of C^ueen 
 Elizabeth. So it appears that the Itepublicans 
 were not beliind the Reformers in destructive 
 zeal. The church, like most other ciiun lies at 
 the Re.storation, was imperfectly repaired. Much 
 was done in the year 18ttO to remedy the evils it 
 had suffered, which consideral)ly facilitated the 
 still further restorations which were made in 
 JH.yj, ISi'rJ, and IHtU." 
 
 A contemporary writer says that Lord Hopton 
 " after long siege and loss of more men than 
 Were there in garrison, ' took Warblington ( astle, 
 and another remarks, " Sir Ralph Ilopton has 
 spent his time frivolously against Warbleton 
 House, betwixt Winchester and Portsmouth, 
 where weleave him till ilivine justice finds iiim.' 
 
 On Saturday, Jan. oth, 1(>44, the Parliament 
 ordeied 100/. to lie given to Major Scott, and 
 Captain Cochram, the Mayor of Rye, " in 
 testimony of their good s^ervices to the State."
 
 112 
 
 AuuNDKii Castlk Sikri.n dicks. 
 
 Tlie Commissioners of Excise were also directed 
 to ;idvanco 4<)0(V. " in ref^ard of tlie great ex- 
 tremities that Sir William Wallor'sarmy was in." 
 
 Sir William liad now a tone of 1(1,000 men 
 under his command, and had received citlier 
 four or six heavy guns from Portsmoutli, which on 
 Thursday, Jan. 4tl), opened fire upon the castle. 
 Discord reigned within the walls, and Clarendon 
 says, " By some of the soldiers running out to 
 him, he found means to send in again to them ; 
 by which he so increased their faction and 
 animosity against one another that after he had 
 kept them waking, with continual alarms, three 
 or four days, near half the men buing sick and 
 unable to do duty, rather than they would trust 
 each other longer they gave the place and them- 
 selves up as prisoners of war upon quarter, the 
 place being able to have defended itself against 
 all that power for a much longer time." 
 
 On Friday, January .5th, the defenders of the 
 castle, reduced to extremities, were extremely 
 anxious to come to terms with Sir "William 
 Waller. A message was sent out by a drummer, 
 who, being hungry and seeing abundance of 
 food in the besiegers' lines, surrendered himself 
 as a prisoner, whereupon a second drummer was 
 sent out of the castle. Three commissioners 
 were appointed on either side to draw up 
 articles of surrender. The Cavaliers named 
 Colonel Bamfield, Major Bodville or Bovill, and 
 a captain, Sir "William Waller nominating Col. 
 Wems, Major Anderson, and a Kentish captain. 
 He invited the Cavalier officers to dine with him, 
 as he did also Lady Bishop, the daughter of the 
 Earl of Thanet, with her two daughters, one of 
 whom, Diana, only fifteen years of age, was the 
 young wife of Henry Goring, the only son of 
 Lady Goring, who, with her daughters, met her 
 here. No definite agreement was come to, as 
 the Cavalier demands to depart unmolested 
 were refused by Sir William Waller. That 
 evening the Commissioners returned to the 
 castle, but the ladies with their maids were pro- 
 vided with quarters by Sir William Waller. 
 " The soldiers and Governor himself were in a 
 miserable distress and perplexity all the night." 
 
 The youthful Mrs. Henry Goring returned 
 to her husband, and soon afterwards a drum was 
 sent out with Colonel Rawlence and Majrr 
 MuUins, who promised the speedy surrender of 
 Sir Edward Bishop and Sir Edward Ford. The 
 drum was sent back to the castle, but returned 
 f ter midnight " with a letter of simple de- 
 
 mands." The guards around the castle were 
 at once trebled to prcv.nt anyone from escap- 
 ing, and the drum was s.-nt ba<k, with an order 
 that the two hostages were to come forth at 
 once it' they desired a further cessation of hos- 
 tilities. They gave themselves up about two 
 hours after midnight, and the fortress was 
 formally surrendered about nine o'clock in the 
 morning of Saturday, January 6th, 1G44, upon 
 the following conditions : — 
 " Fropositions made by Sir William Waller to 
 the hesierjed in Arundel Caatle. 
 
 First. — 1 require the Castle of Arundel to be 
 delivered into my hands by to-morrow morning, 
 ten o'clock. 
 
 Second. — That all Colonels of horse and foot, 
 and all horse, arms, ammunition, and military 
 provision whatever be then delivered to me en- 
 tire and unspoiled. 
 
 Third. — That all Commanders, officers, and 
 gentlemen have fair quarter and civil usage. 
 
 Fourth. — That all soldiers sh ill have quarter 
 for their lives. 
 
 Fifth. — That for security of performance. Sir 
 Edward Bishop and Sir Edward Ford be imme- 
 diately delivered into my hands. 
 Euplanation. 
 
 One. — By fair quarter. I mean giving life to 
 those that yield, with imprisonment of their 
 persons ; but civil usage, which is sufficient 
 security that they shall not be plundered. 
 
 Two. — Concerning the place they shall be 
 sent to, I will not determine, but will be left to 
 mine own freedom, without fuiiher capitulation. 
 
 Three. — The ministers are included in the 
 articles, and are prisoners, as well as the soldiei-s. 
 
 Four. — When I send away the officers. I shall 
 take care that they shall not want horses to 
 carry them, but will not be bound to let them 
 have their own horses." 
 
 The condition as to ministers was added with 
 a view to securing the person of Dr. Chilling- 
 worth, who was in the castle. Seventeen 
 colours of foot and two of horse were taken, and 
 more than 1000 pi-isoners, besides 100 t:ikenat 
 the capture of the town, and those who were 
 caught whilst escaping from the castle. An 
 eye witness says : " I never saw so many weak 
 and feeble creatures together in my life, for 
 almost all the common soldiers were half starved, 
 and many of them hardly able to set one foot 
 before another." There were amongst them 
 about 100 officers, 50 country gentlemen, and
 
 STANSTEAI) HofSK Takkn. 
 
 113 
 
 about 800 soldiers, five hundred of whom joined 
 Sir William Waller. The rest were sent up to 
 London guarded by four troops of horse, some 
 in carts, some on foot. Throe days were 
 required for the journey, and on arrival the 
 Committee of Militia as8i;.,'ncd the captives to 
 various prisons. A Committee consisting o£ 
 Mr. Downes, Mr. Ravenscroft, and Colonel 
 Alexander Popham was ordered to decide the 
 fate of tliose who refu.sed to take the Solemn 
 League and Covenant. Sir William Waller was 
 empowered to determine the amount of ransom 
 to be paid by the " gentlemen, not soldiers," 
 who had been captured, and was to send up to 
 the Parliament a list of the ransoms paid. 
 
 A complete list of the officers and gentlemen 
 who thus became prisoners of war will bo found 
 in ]\Ir. Dallaway's "History of AruinLl." Sir 
 Edward Ford and Sir Edward Bi>shop w ;re 
 declared by Parliament incapable of any einpl )y- 
 meni. Sir John Morley was allowed tn com- 
 pound for a iiiu; on Oct. "ilrJrd, IG-t-1. On Sir 
 William Waller's letter describing the taking of 
 Arundel Castle being read in the House, on 
 January 8th, it was ordered that Mr. Cleere, 
 surgeon, should be recommended to the Masters 
 and Governors of St. Thomas Hospital as the 
 successor of Major MuUins, wliohad been taken 
 in arms at Arundel. On Saturday, January 
 '27th, the governing body of theHospital claimed 
 their riglit of free election. Their petition was 
 referred to the Committee forHospitals, wlio, on 
 January ;50tli, ordered the election of Mr. 
 Cleere. It was also ord red on January (3th 
 that Dr. Chillin;_,'worth, Master of the Hospital 
 at L(;icester, having been taken in arms at 
 Arundel, sljould be deprived of his office, which 
 was to be con i'erred upon •' Mr. Gray, Minister, 
 brother to the Earl of Kent." Vexation, incle- 
 ment weather, privations, and the har.sli treat- 
 ment of the Puritan ministers did their work, 
 and before the end of the month Dr. Chilling- 
 worth breathed liis last at Chichester. The cir- 
 cumstances of his deatliare grajjliiially described 
 by Mr. Dallaway. 
 
 About 'JOO horses, 2000 arms, many oxen both 
 alive and dead, "JO barrels of powder, and 40(10/. 
 in money rewarded the victors. Great was the 
 subsequent destruction. 'I'lie north-west side 
 of the castle was dismantled, and tlie great hall 
 with the adjacent l)uihlings were destroyed. 
 The College of the Holy Trinity was also greatly 
 injured, and its windows, which contained a 
 
 series of portraits of the £arU and Countesses 
 of Arundel, were irretrievably ruined. Sir 
 William Waller now sent ''liiidO horse and foot 
 and two dr.ikes to besiege ray Lord Lumley's 
 house in Sussex." Tliis was at .*>tanHte:id. and. 
 as we have already .seen, had been g.irrisoned by 
 Lord Hopton when he made him.self ni;isti r of 
 Arundel Castle. It surremlered at once, and 
 the ironworks in St. Leonard's Forest, where 
 the Royal ammunition had been made, and 
 which belonged either to the Crown or to 
 Royalists, were destroyed at the same time. 
 Amberlcy Castle is al.so siid to have been dis- 
 mantled at this peiiod of the war. Sir William 
 Waller now resolved "that if Sir Ralph Hopton 
 will not find out him, he will find out Hopton," 
 and asked tlie Parliament to at on< e s<nd him 
 the City Regiments, under Majin -General 
 Browne, as he was an.xiousto give battle to the 
 Cavaliers, who were still .it Havant. leaving 
 these regiments to garrison Arundel, under the 
 command of Colonel Morley and Colonel 
 Springett. 
 
 On January sth, 1644, Sir H. Vane, jun., 
 and Sir Artliur Heselrig were directed by the 
 House of Commons to prepare a letter for Sir 
 William AValler, winch was to be signed by Mr. 
 Speaker Lenthal, " to congratulate him on his 
 great and good success, and to encourage him 
 according to his intentions to prosecute the ad- 
 vantages it lias pleased fJod to bless him with." 
 The Committee of Safety was to consiiier how 
 to improve the advantages which Waller had 
 gained, and Mr. I'ownes. Mr. Ravenscroft, and 
 Colonel Alexander Popliam were ordered by 
 the Parliament to proceed to Arundel to thank 
 both the victorious (Jentral and liis officers and 
 men, and to inform tliom that the Parliament 
 would do its utmost to enable them to advance 
 against the enemy. 
 
 On January (ith Colonel Potley, who held a 
 command underWaller, was maliciously wounded 
 by one of his own men, who was of course 
 hanged fortliwith. 
 
 On Janu.iry Hth Sir William Waller, having 
 been reinforced by tlie London Brigade, wrote 
 from Broadwater to the Parliament reporting 
 that a large vessel named the St. ./<nneji, of Dun- 
 kirk, having been chased by a Dutcli man-of- 
 war, and being unaware of the surrender of the 
 castle, h.iil entered the river Arun for safety, 
 ami had taken the ground "at Heene, near 
 Arundel Castle." She mounted -'4 brass guns,
 
 114 
 
 Loud Ckawi'oko. 
 
 and had on board about l'»(» barrels of powder, 
 " with ijood store of arms for the English-Irish 
 that mako havoc in Ohoshire," said to be "iOOO 
 in number, besides other valuables. Several 
 Cavulitr officers were also on board. She was 
 ordered to be detained, and the cargo was stored 
 in Arundel Oaatlo till the question of prize 
 money should be decided by the Court of Admi- 
 ralty. If she should prove lawful prize, the 
 soldiers were to profit by the capture. 
 
 On January l.'ith another letter was witten 
 by Sir William Waller from Arundel, asking 
 that the ship might be sold, so that his men 
 might receive their arrears of pay. This letter 
 was referred to the Committee of Safety. A 
 large picture of Si. Ursula found in this ship, 
 whicli had been painted for the Church of St. 
 Anna at. Seville, was exposed to view at West- 
 minster, and pamphlets were written to prove 
 that it represented Queen Henrietta Maria 
 urging King Charles to surrender his sceptre to 
 the Pope ! 
 
 Mr. Green and Sir A. Heselrig were directed 
 to write to thank Sir William Waller for his 
 care in this matter. The Spanish Ambassador 
 interfered, and various merchants claimed the 
 cargo, and at length the St. James, of Dunkirk, 
 was released on August 24th, 1644. Colonel 
 Motley, as Governor of Arundel Castle, was 
 ordered to pay 4000Z. salvage to Waller's army 
 as cnmpeusition, and to account to the claimants 
 for waac had been already sold or uied. Colonel 
 Stapley, the Governor of Chichester, objected 
 to quarter some of Sir W. Waller's troops in 
 that city, but on January 10th the Earl of Essex 
 ordered him to obey Waller in all tilings, as 
 being his commanding officer. 
 
 On Tuesday, January 16th, Mr. Trenchard 
 received instructions to provide 1 ()(•()/. worth of 
 shoes, stockings, and boots for Waller's army, 
 the value of which was to be deducted from 
 their pay. Three hundred muskets and three 
 cartloads of ammunition for the same army 
 passed through Lewes on January 8th. Sir 
 William Waller inhis "Vindication" says, '"AH 
 that I got in the war by way of purchase or 
 booty was one month's pay, as a Colonel of 
 Horse, upon the surrender of Chichester. . . 
 I had likewise 7t!i)/. for my part of the salvage 
 of a ship that was driven on ground near 
 Arundel when I lay before the castle, of which 
 I gave the House a clear information when I 
 delivered in my account. Besides this, of gift 
 
 at several times 1 received lOOZ. from Mr- 
 Dunch, of Pewsey, as I take it, who with a great 
 deal of kindness sent it to me, though a stranger 
 and utterly unknown to him, when I lay at 
 Newbridge, and .0')/. I had presented to me from 
 the town of Lowes, in acknowledgment of my 
 poor service at Arundel, which I likewise 
 reported to the House ; and in plate at Glouces- 
 ter, Hereford, and Poole, to the value of 1( >()/., 
 or 150/. at most. And this is the utmost reckon- 
 ing 1 can make, if it were my last reckoning, 
 except I should put to account every horse 
 gotten from the King's party upon the service, 
 and bring in a little painted cabinet and some 
 toys, worth 12/. or 14/., presented to my wife 
 by the merchants of that forementioned ship, 
 as a token of their thankfulness for the care I 
 had shewed to preserve their goods." 
 
 Mr. Hillier, in his admirable " Sieges of 
 Arundel Castle," gives some congratulatory 
 verses presented to Lady Waller after her hus- 
 band's signal success in Sussex. 
 
 Much mention has been made throughout 
 the.se operations of Lord Crawford. A few 
 particulars concerning him wiU, therefore, not 
 be out of place. 
 
 Ludovic Lindsay, loth Earl of Crawford, 
 joined Charles 1. at the raising of the standard 
 at Nottingham. He " was made welcome and 
 created commander of the volunteers." He 
 was with his regiment at Edgehill. on October 
 'lovd, 1042, and at Chichester, on December 29th, 
 in the same year. Colonel, Major, and Captain 
 Lindsay, of hia regiment, together with about 
 sixty other officers, chiefly Scotsmen, were taken 
 and sent up to London. Vicars says that their 
 liorses *• were very dainty ones!" Lord Craw- 
 ford speedily made good this loss, and took part 
 in the battle of Lansdown. on July ."ith. 1643. 
 Soon afterwards, having been sent to bring up 
 some powder, he was intercepted by Sir William 
 Waller, and lost one or two troops, besides the 
 ammunition. He, however, played a distin- 
 guished part at the great battle on Roundway 
 Down, fought at the first battle of Newbury, 
 on September 20th, 1643, and had, as we have 
 seen, a very narrow escape at Poole, oiUy five 
 days afterwards. At Alton, on December 13th, 
 he had '• got out with his troops," but being 
 overpowered, was obliged " to get away with a 
 few." leaving his "sack." hat, and cloak behind 
 him, and owing his safety to the speed of his 
 horse. He went north with Montrose, but soon
 
 Traces ok tuk Com lut. 
 
 n 
 
 returned to England, and held command as a 
 major-general at Muraton Moor, on July 2nd, 
 1644, " incurring the greatest hazard of any." 
 Captured when the town of Newcastle was 
 stormed, on October 9th, 1(544, he was sent to 
 Scotland, and condemned to death. Reprieved 
 for a short time, the victory of Montrose, at 
 Kilsyth, where his rtgimeut suffered terribly, 
 set him free once more. After Montrose's 
 defeat at Philipliaugh, on September i;jth, 1645, 
 Lord Crawford took refuge in France and Spain. 
 He was at Badajoz in June, 1649, and took part 
 in Paris in the tumults of the Fronde, guarding 
 Cardinal de Retz, in his citadel of Notre Dame, 
 in company witli fifty Scottish officers, wlio had 
 seen service under Montrose. He is said to have 
 died in France a childless man, in the year 1653. 
 Such was the stirring life of " a steadfast 
 Scottish Cavalier, all of the olden time!" 
 
 (rladly, did space permit, would wu insert olie 
 Rev II. D. Gordon's description of the • ntrench- 
 ments still {)l.ii;;ly visible at South 11 irting, 
 but we can only note that Harting Place, the 
 residence of the Caryll family, was plundered 
 several times, and the church converted into a 
 stable or hospital. On the summit of the 
 downs are several mounds immediately facing 
 the park palings, near Two Beech Gate, from 
 which several skeletons have been disinterred 
 and carefully laid to rest in the churchyard. 
 Mr. Gordon tells us that a lane in the neigh- 
 bourhood is still euphoniously styled " Kildevil 
 Lane," and says '• There is a large green mound 
 
 south of Up Park House, in which tradition 
 says a number of horses were buried, and there 
 is a similar tumulus further to the 8<»uth at the 
 fern-beds between Compton and Fast Marden, 
 called "Solomon's, alias Baverse's Thumb." 
 Some years ago a man grubbing a fencf near 
 Compton Down pulled up an ash stump tiiat 
 disclosed a nest of silver pieces of the tinu- of 
 Queen Kli/abeth, no doubt hidden there before 
 some local fight. In fact, that the fighting 
 spread far and wide over this portion of the 
 Downs issliown from the circumstance that the 
 Rev. A. Locke, Yicnr of Chalton, recently 
 picked up some catinon balls of the period of 
 the Civil War in digging the ground for his 
 school. An axe-pike of the period, and other 
 relics, point to the same conclusion ; these- were 
 found, together with a skeleton, at .' t-ni' i wood, 
 near Petersfield, by tl\e R-v. G. Taswell, in 
 making a garden. Tln' axe-pike is '2.1 inches 
 long. It is handled like a modern spade, so 
 that the wooden shaft was enclaspi'd by the 
 iron, the older pikes were driven into their 
 wooden handles like modern hay-forks. Some 
 skeletons were also discovered at Bepton. in the 
 neighbourhood of Midliurst. by Mr. Eames. who 
 found that the skull of a very large specimen 
 had been fractured as if by a sword-cut or shot. 
 
 In South Harting Cliurch there is the follow- 
 ing inscription : — "Major John Cowper lost his 
 life in Winchester Castle in the service of King 
 Charles the Fii.st ; he was plund< red and 
 setjuesiered of all he had by the rebels."
 
 Chahteu XIX. — RiVAi, Partiks at Winchestkr — H.M.S. "MAVri.cnvEu" — Captain Hai.i. 
 AND Tobias Baislky — Cot.onrl Ludlow takkn — Calkntikk — Thk Islk of Wight 
 
 AND LyMINGTON — GoVKRNOK Ml'Kl-OKIJ AT SoLTUAMl'TON — RoYAI.IST Pl.OT — SkIRMISIIE** 
 
 nkar Southampton — Outraoks at Winchkstkr — Pri.parations for Battlk — Finm- 
 iNG at Basing Hou.sic and Romsfy — Sir John Oglandkr. 
 
 The " Perfect Diurnall," of January 8th, 
 lG-14, announced that Lord Hopton was hemmed 
 in between Chiuliester and Winchester, and 
 that it would be difficult for him to escape from 
 Sir William Waller's army. Despite all predic- 
 tions to the contrary, the Royalist Commander 
 " made a nimble retreat to Winchester," whither 
 Waller prepared to follow him, leaving Colonel 
 Norton to hold Cowdray House, so that we 
 read in February, 1 044, of " the garrison of 
 Colonel Norton in Cowdray House, which lies 
 indeed as a forlorn hope between them and their 
 enemies." 
 
 The city of Winchester certainly contained 
 8om J friends to the Parliament, for in a Royal 
 Mess;i"-e addressed to its citizens in December, 
 1G4'J, tlie King declared with reference to the 
 capture of the city by Sir William Waller, that 
 " you have openly declared yourselves enemies, 
 and evil entreated those whom you had cause to 
 entertain with all love and respect, flatly oppos- 
 ing our authority, and betraying those to ruin 
 that were the instruments of our preservation," 
 concluding with a threat of forgetting that they 
 were his subjects in the severity o!" hh chastis- 
 ing them. The citizens justified tlieir conduct, 
 which they declared was sanctioned by all laws, 
 human and divine, saying that •' we cannot be 
 justly blamed for endeavouring to secure our 
 lives, and to keep our wives and daughters from 
 rapine and inevitable destruction," and conclud- 
 ing by asserting at one and the same time both 
 their loyalty and their resolution to continue 
 the same course of action. 
 
 But on December 30th, 1643, we find the 
 following entry in tlie Corporation records : — 
 " Taken out of the coffer, plate delivered to Mr. 
 
 Jasper Cornelius, appointed to receive the same 
 for His Majesty's use, by virtue of an ordinance 
 sent by His Majesty to the Mayor and Alder- 
 men of the City for the loan of money or plate 
 for the maintenance of the Army, by the con- 
 sent of the ]\Iayor and all the Aldermen of the 
 City, one silver ewer, weighing 3"Joz. 4-loz. ; 
 three silver bowls, 31oz. 4-loz. ; two silver wine 
 bowls, liJoz. 4-3oz. : one gilt bowl with the 
 cover, 31oz. 4-2oz. ; one great silver salt, weigh- 
 ing 28oz. : one silver tankard, li'oz. l-"_'oz. : one 
 silver basin, 74oz. : total, "J'J.'ioz. 4-!oz., at .')S. an 
 ounce, amounting to bHl. It3s. 3d." A loan never, 
 destined to be repaid ! Mr. Jasper Cornelius 
 was an attorney by profession, and was a firm 
 supporter of the Royal cause. 
 
 At the end of the year 1643 and during the 
 spring of 1044 there were four Parliamentary 
 .irniies in England, besides garrisons and local 
 forces — Essex's own main army ; W^aller's, 
 raised, or to be raised, also for action, chiefly in 
 the south and west : Manchester's, of the seven 
 Associated Eastern Counties ; and the Army of 
 the Fairfaxes in the north. 
 
 One of the King's ships, named the Mm/ fiower. 
 which had been flagship at Falmouth, was taken 
 by the Parliament's ship, the Eiijhth Whelp, 
 and brought as a prize to Portsmouth. On 
 January 8th, 1644, the storekeeper at that port 
 was ordered to deliver to '• Henry Dolling, part 
 OAvner of the ship Ark o/ Pco/c, appointed by 
 the House to lie before that town for defence 
 and safeguard thereof, six pieces of ordnance, 
 with carriages, ladles, emptions, shots, and other 
 gunner's stores, " forming part of the armament 
 of the Mayjhurer, allowing Captain Dolling to 
 select his own truns. Alderman Towse and
 
 Captain Ball and Tohias Bai.si.kv. 
 
 II' 
 
 other Commissioners of Excise had advanced 
 5UU/. from their own purses " for supply of the 
 pressing necessities of the town of South- 
 ampton," paying the money to George Gallop 
 and Edward Exton, I'jsqs., M.P.s for the town, 
 at the time wlien Lord Hopton had broken down 
 the bridge at Redbridge. They were now 
 reimbursed from tlie Excise duties. 
 
 But we must return for a moment to Busing 
 House, which had steadily held its own, doing 
 as it had done after the first Battle of Newbury, 
 when we read '• the Marquesse of Wincliester 
 "witli his forces at Basing liath also gathered up 
 many stragglers, whereof some are officers." 
 But now some within the walls began to lose 
 heart, and on Jan. 1 1 th we are told of various 
 Cavaliers with their horses coming from Basing 
 House to Major-General Browne, who Avas in 
 command of some London Trained Bands at 
 Croydon, saying tliat they had been forced to 
 take up arms, offering to sei"ve the Parliament, 
 and being cjilisted accordingly. The IMarquis 
 had not only to contend with open enemies and 
 faint hearts, Ijut he also had some trouble in 
 controlling tlie lawless spirits of certain of his 
 own partisans, wlio thought tliat loyalty and 
 plunder were synt)nymous terms. Accrtam Capt. 
 IJall complained that he liad been deprived of 
 his horses by Major-General Astley, after he had 
 at his own expense raised a whole regiment for 
 the King. Warburton, in his Memoirsof Prince 
 Rupert and the Cavaliers (p. •JlL'). gives the 
 old (Jeneral's letter to Prince Rupert, with the 
 original spelling, wliich does not make Captain 
 liall appear to mudi advantage. Mrs. Ball S'eras 
 to liave i)een a help-meet for her husband : 
 " May it pleas your Tlighnes, — As conserninge 
 one yt cales hiniselfe Capne. Ball, yt hath 
 complayned vnto yr Highnes j't I have tacken 
 awaio his horsses from him, this is the trewth. 
 He hatli livede nearo this towne ever since I 
 came heather, and had gotten not above twelve 
 men together and himselfe. He had .so plmidered 
 and oppressed the pepell, paying lontriliutions 
 as the Marques of Winchester, and the Lord 
 Hopton complayned extreamly of liini ; and he 
 went under my name, wtch he vsed falscely, as 
 givinge it out he did it by my warrant. Off 
 this lie gott faierly olfe, and so promisod to give 
 no mor caues of complaynt. Now, ewer since, 
 he hath continewed his old coures in so extreame 
 a waie as he and liis wife and sone, and 10 or I'J 
 horsses he hath togeather, spoyles peepell, 
 
 plunders them, and taekea violently thear goodde 
 from them. As vpon coraplayntes of the contrie 
 and the Committie hier, I could do no lese tlien 
 comitt liim, and took awaie som nine or ten 
 horsses from him and his, for he newer had mor, 
 and these not armed ; which horsses ar in the 
 custodie of Sir Charles Blunt. Divers (perHon.s) 
 claime satisffaction from him for thear goodoa 
 he liath taken from them : as one man ."JO 
 powndes worth of hopp -s ho toak from them 
 vpon the high waie. And this dav t !io Comittie 
 heir hath given warninge that both he ind bin 
 complaynt shall be heard ; all wtch shall bo 
 araplie iiiformed hereafter to yr Highnes yt yr 
 Highnes may se no wronge shall be don him. 
 Yr Highnes most humbell and obediant scorvant, 
 Jacob A.siLin. Reailing, thi>s 1 1th Jan., Iti44." 
 
 After Ciptain Ball had thus been rendered 
 harmless, the INIarquis, feeling sure that lie would 
 not be long left in peace, was anxiou.s to «)ljt:iin 
 accurate information as to the state of affairs in 
 London. He selected as the fittest man to act 
 as a sp}' a certain Tobias Baisley, who, a uorter 
 by occupation, had formerly served the Parlia- 
 ment, but h id deserted their cause, and taken 
 service under Prince Rupert, who left him at 
 Basing. He was employed " at .')s. a week with 
 meate and drinke in Basing House to make 
 bullets," a'ul was now and again sent forth to 
 gain intellii,'eMce. In this he was so far succaa- 
 ful that he had " betrayed divers crriers with 
 their waggonstooand carnages to theCavaliersI'" 
 Poor Toliias paid dearly for his visit to t<iwn 
 He was arrested in London as a spy, and " Mer 
 curius Civicus," from whence this true and 
 veracious story of Tobias is taken, tells us the 
 result. " A Covncil of War" :'.s.Hembled on 
 Thursday, February Gth. lt)44, and Tobias was 
 condemned to die. On I'uesday. February IHth. 
 he was taken to Sniillitield, •' guarded by Mi. 
 Quarterman, the Mar.shalhand divers others of 
 the City Oiruers. and a company of the ti-ained 
 bands." Arrived at the place of ex<-cution the 
 Marsliall .ipp'-ared in a second capacity, viz . 
 that of Cliaplain, and catechiisod the prisoner 
 at length as to liis religious belief. This done. 
 " and thereupon the people beiny .s.iti8fied, the 
 executioner. Brandon ( who is said to have after- 
 wardsbehcadedthe King), was commanded to doe 
 his office, whiche lie did, though tlie porter shewed 
 much unwillingnesse to go off the ladder." 
 
 All things considered, the reluctance of poor 
 Tobijis is not greatly to be wondered at.
 
 lis 
 
 Cf)i,()Ni:i. Ludlow Takkn. 
 
 Wardour Castle, of which Colonel Ludlow 
 was rSovornor, liad long boon besieged by the 
 Cavaliers, and al)()ut the middle of .January Sir 
 "William Waller assured the garrison that it they 
 would hold out For another fortnight he would 
 either relieve them or lay his l)oii('s under the 
 castle walls. Poole and Southampton were 
 strongly garrisoned for the Parliament, and 
 between these two towns Colonel Ludlow's 
 troop had taken post, with the double object of 
 harassing the enemy, and if possible raising the 
 siege. The troopers fell into an ambuscade, and 
 Cornet, afterwards Major, William Ludlow's 
 horse was wounded in two places. A bullet 
 passed completely through the Cornet's body, 
 notwithstanding which he recovered, to the 
 astonishment of every one. 
 
 Colonel Ludlow having discovered a consider- 
 able amount of treasure concealed in the Castle, 
 offered the garrisons of Poole and Southampton 
 701)/. or 80U/. if they could succeed in raising 
 the siege. All efforts and offers, however, were 
 in vain, and Lord Hopton having reinforced the 
 besiegers with a strong detachment of Mendip 
 miners, commanded by Sir Francis Doddington 
 and an engineer, Ludlow was obliged to sur- 
 render on February 18th, 1644. 
 
 He was conducted bj'- his captors that night 
 to the house of Mr. Awbery, at Chalke, and 
 from thence was sent to Oxford by way of 
 Salisbury and Winchester. At the latter city 
 Lord Hopton strongly urged him to desert the 
 service of the Parliament for that of the King, 
 as did also " a relation of mine. Colonel Richard 
 Manning, who, though a Papist, commanded a 
 regiment of horse in the King's service." But 
 all solicitations were fruitless. His captivity 
 was not of long duration, and on the 17th of 
 April the House of Commons was informed of 
 his release by exi hange. He was soon after- 
 wards appointed Sheriff of Wiltshire, and 
 accepted a commission as Major under Sir 
 Arthur Haselrig. During the montli of May, 
 1644, he did good service under Waller, who 
 blockaded Oxford on one side, whilst Essex took 
 post on the other. 
 
 Before Friday, January 12th, Lord Hopton 
 had been reinforced by 28 colours, or 500 men, 
 and five days later he was reported to be planning 
 with the advice of his cavalry to place guns and 
 a lixed camp in a commanding position upon 
 " Warhill," or Weyhill. One fortified post was 
 to be established at Winchester, another at 
 
 Weyhill, and a third at Reading, at a distance 
 of 15 or 20 miles from each other, so as to main- 
 tain an easy communication with (Jxford. On 
 January I'Jth Hopton's forces were in motion 
 towards Salisbury and Andover, but operations 
 were greatly impeded by a hard frost and a 
 deep fall of snow. Sir William Waller was 
 in London on January 24tli, and five days after- 
 wards Colonel Turner's regiment of horse, which 
 had lately been under tlie command of the 
 Earl of Essex, was ordered to join his army, in 
 which, since the capture of Arundel Castle.much 
 sickness, especially calenture, had prevailed. 
 Mr. Blaauw says, •• Calenture needs a dose of 
 archaeology now-a-days, though formerly an item 
 in the London Bills of Mortality. This fatal 
 fever especially attacked those who lay exposed 
 to unwholesome night air. In tha delirium 
 peculiar to it, surrounding objects assumed the 
 aspect of verdant meadows to the eyes of the 
 sufferer, who when at sea would madly throw him- 
 self into it, as if seeking the refreshment of a cool 
 walk upon land. Dryden and Swift have made 
 fine poetical use of this delusion. Probibly 
 Falstaff died of it, for Mrs. Quicklj', describing 
 his last symptoms, after lamenting that he was 
 ' so shaked of a burning quotidian tertian,' says, 
 ' after I saw him fumble with the sheets and 
 play with flowers, I knew there was but on# 
 way, for 'a babbled of green fields'. Hen . v., 
 Act 2nd." 
 
 Amongst the victims was Colonel Springet. 
 who was joint Governor of Arundel Castle 
 with Colonel Morley, and on February 8rd, 1644. 
 he was buried at Ringmer. his native place. 
 
 On January 17th the Parliament ordered the 
 sum of 300/. to be paid to Colonel Norton, the 
 Governor of Southampton, for the purchase of 
 arms, and about a week afterwards several 
 letters from Thomas Carne, Esq., the Deputy- 
 Governor, and from several Deputy-Lieutenants 
 of the Isle of Wight, were read, asking the 
 Parliament to allow the Charlf.t, man-of-war, to 
 remain at her present station for the protection 
 of Hurst Castle and Lymington Fort. They 
 also asked that Parliament would provide for 
 the defence of the island, and place a strong 
 garrison in Hurst Castle, as 800 native Irish 
 rebels, under Lord Inchiqnin's command, had 
 landed at Weymouth and were plundering Dor- 
 setshire. Five hundred others were expected. 
 During the following month a party of them 
 plundered Lady Drake's house in Dorsetshire,
 
 Tin; Isle of Wight and Lymington. 
 
 119 
 
 burning it to the ground. She herself escaped 
 to Lyme, wearing, indeed, a pair of shoes, but 
 otherwise almost naked. On January "Jtth the 
 Lords at a conference desired tlie Commons 
 to provide for the safety of the Isle of Wight. 
 The C/uirlea was ordered " to reside where she 
 is now," for the period for whicli slie was vic- 
 tualled. The Karl of Warwick was ordered to 
 send ships to lie off the Isle of Wight and all 
 the western coasts for their protection. The 
 Committee for the safety was to provide for 
 Hurst Castle and Lymington Fort, for the 
 strengthening of which uHUZ. wis voted on 
 February 17th. The necessary funds were 
 advanced by the Commissioner-^ of E.xcise, of 
 whom Alderman Towse was one, togt^ther with 
 200/. for Newport garrison. 
 
 Some extracts from the 'Lymington Records," 
 ■which are given by Mr. Wise in his book on the 
 "New Forest," throw light upon the condition 
 of the country at tliis period. They are as fol- 
 lows : — " 164;'). Quartering liO soldiers one daie 
 and night, going westward for the Parliament 
 Service, IGs. -id." " 1(341). For bringing the 
 towne cliest from Hurst Castell. _'s." •• Watche 
 when the allarme was out of Wareham, 4s." "For 
 the sending a messenger to the Lord Hopton 
 when he lay at Winton with his army, with the 
 towne"s consent, 14s." Notice here that thei'e 
 were evidently two parties in the town, " with 
 the towne'scon.sent." '•104G. For keeping a horse 
 for the Lord (jreneral's man. iis. lOd." " 1G50. 
 Paid to Sir Thomas Fairfax, his souldiera going 
 for the Isle of Wigiit, with their General's passe, 
 IJs." "1G4.'}. Billeting of seamen, 4/. "liM."). 
 For cheese and beer for the souMiers, I'is. lOd." 
 "1G4G. Warning the Witch when the alarmo 
 was for Watch and Wards, and Beer, 7s. .'ts., 
 58. Gd., in all 17s. Gd. For Jib powder. "Ja. 8d." 
 " 1G.">0. For quartering of souldiers at the Mayor's 
 house, 4s. Gd., and grasse for their horses, 4s. Hd." 
 We learn also from Woodward that there were 
 also influential Cavaliers in the town. The Doro 
 family made great sacrifices both for Charles I. 
 and for the Duke of Monmouth, and when in 
 164"! Prince Charles (afterwards Charles II.) 
 appeared off Yarmouth (Isle of Wight) witli 
 2000 men and \'J siiips, in the hope of rescuing 
 his father, he was aided by Barnard Ivnapton, 
 the Mayor, and certain burgesses of Lymington. 
 
 '• Mercunus Aulicus " tells an amusing story 
 on October ind, 1643: — "One John Stanley, 
 
 who was Purser to a ship, was pleased to send 
 his powerful warrant for vt ni.son in these very 
 words, • These are to will and require you upon 
 sight hereof to kill, or cause to be killed, one 
 fat buck of this season, and send him to the 
 " George," in Limmington, to be sent aboard our 
 ship, and this shall be your warrant. Per rae 
 John Stanley. To Mr. Giorgc Rodney, Master 
 Keeper, or to any of his Under Keepers.' 
 
 Did the Purser get his venison after all ? 
 
 On February 'tth, 1614, a very interesting 
 letter was wiitten to Captain Thom.as Harrison, 
 who was afterward? one of the regicides, by Mr. 
 Peter Murford. who had been Governor of 
 Southampton, but had been superseded by 
 Colonel Norton, under whom he was now 
 acting as Sergeant Major, or. as we should now 
 say, Major. As his name freciuently occurs 
 about this time in connection with South- 
 ampton affairs, a few notices of him may be of 
 interest, albeit they are drawn from the hostile 
 " Mercurius Aulicus." Mr. Murfonl was a tailor 
 by trade, as plainl}* appears from this extract, 
 be iringthe date of Wednesday. Sept. iiO. 184"J: — 
 "And the members may well think to tax all 
 the world when Muiford, the pretended 
 Governor of Southampton (nine of whose i)ro- 
 fession make one man), hath power to fine that 
 town as seemeth best to his greatncs.s. F'or as 
 by letters from Winchester we were this day 
 certified. Colonel ^lorley, the Sussex rebel, 
 having at Ringwood surprised two or three 
 straggling soldiers of His Majesty's forces and 
 brought them into Southampton, was as .a 
 grateful welcome entertained with a banquet at 
 the Couu'ell House of the town by that impirial 
 seamstris Mistris Murford. and after dinner 
 was created burgess of Southam[»ton by Mur- 
 ford himself. But the poor townsmen paid for 
 all : it so pleasing this mighty Governor that he 
 as.ses8ed the town to G.')0/.. which they were 
 forced to pay suddenly to avoid plundering, 
 which ho threatened, espociallj- the tdd Mayor, 
 who was constrained to rans<im his goods with 
 40/. And in the same letters it was further 
 signified that this infamous Governor puUod 
 down the picture of Queen Eliraljoth from over 
 the north gate of that town (called the Bar 
 Gate), saying that the Queen was the occasion 
 of all these troubles, for if she had made a 
 thorough reformation all this fighting would 
 have been spared. But if nothing but religion
 
 120 
 
 GOVERNOK MURKORD. 
 
 hatl stirroil tliis j^ood in;in'.s spirit, he might 
 still hiive governed the shears and thimble and 
 let corporations alone." 
 
 On Uctol)er ind, 1G43, we hear of stirring 
 scenes at Southampton. " The good Governor 
 this last week, as tliis day we were certified, had 
 a I'ull commission to exercise marshall law, and 
 therefore made the Earl of Southampton's house 
 a common gaol, on such delin(|uents as His 
 Mightiness shall think convenient. By virtue 
 whereof lie sent abroad his strict warrant com- 
 manding all villages near unto Southampton to 
 assist him with men and money in fortifying the 
 town, among whom the Tythingman, of 
 Stoneham, was convented before him for neg- 
 ligence in executing of his Worship's new 
 warrants, whereupon Murford said unto him, 
 ' Sirrah, if the King send to you, then you can 
 presently go, run, and ride ; but when I send, 
 you will not step a foot, but, Sirrah, when I 
 speak the word hereafter, I'll make you fly, or 
 you shall hang for it.'' In imitation of whom, 
 his own Sub-Committee, Richard Major, Paul 
 Mercer, Peter Legaye, and others, moved very 
 eagerly at the meeting in Southampton, that 
 the King's proclamation for non-payment of 
 rents to rebels might be burned by the hand of 
 the common hangman at the market-place, but 
 were prevented by the good old Mayor of that 
 town, who hath sufficiently smarted for his 
 loyalty." 
 
 Once more, on Tuesday. October 14th, 1643, 
 we are told " Nor is the city of Coventry only 
 happy in a good servant, the town of South- 
 ampton being able to match Puref oys with her 
 famous Governor, Master Murford, one who, 
 though I know not the man, is resolved still to 
 trouble me with his weekly actions. For 
 having, as we told you heretofore, decreed to 
 make the Earl of Southampton's house a prison, 
 this week he sent in fifty prisoners to take pos- 
 session, and toshowhismightiness, he assembled 
 his Committee, viz., Mercer, Legay, Major, and 
 the rest, at their meeting place in Southampton, 
 where, after a serious debate, it was concluded 
 that all the coal in x^etley House, a house 
 belonging to the Lord Marques of Hertford, 
 now Chancellor of the University of Oxford, 
 should be removed to Southampton by some of 
 the rebels of Master Murford's garrison, which, 
 in obedience to the just authority of this rebel- 
 lion, was quickly performed ; whether they wUl 
 fetch coals so easily from Newcastle we shall 
 
 seeero long, l.ut if they do not they tell us that 
 they will cut down all the woods within three" 
 score miles of London." Governor Murford's 
 chaplain was the Rev. Xatlianiel Robinwjn, a 
 friend of Oliver Cromwell, wlio, in HJl'.i, was 
 settled in the Rectory of All Saints' (Jiiureh, 
 Southampton^ and who negotiated between 
 Oliver and Richard Major, of Hursley, concern- 
 ing the m:irriage of Richard Cromwell and 
 Dorothy Major. Murford and his friends, 
 Legay, Mercer, and others, towards the end of 
 the year 1643 announced the discovery of a 
 real or pretended plot to betray tlie town to the 
 Cavaliers, " but the offenders were only the 
 inhabitants of the town, and .such only as had 
 somewhat to lose, as appeared by a good round 
 assessment levied on them within few hours after 
 breaking open of the plot." 
 
 From Murford's letter of February 5th, 1644, 
 we learn that after destroying the bridge over 
 the Test at Redbridge, Lord Hopton's troops 
 retired to Winchester. On the following day 
 a letter reached Mr. Robert Mason, a merchant 
 of Southampton, from Mr. Jasper Cornelius, a 
 Royalist attorney at Winchester, asking him to 
 persuade Murford to betray the town to Lord 
 Hopton. Murford talked the matter over with 
 Colonel Xorton, who ordered him to .send a 
 favourable reply. Mr. Jasper Cornelius offered 
 him lOOU/. in money, a better office than that 
 which he then held, a pardon under the Great 
 Seal, and an assurance of the King's favour. 
 By Colonel Norton's secret directions, Murford 
 asked for either the HlOO/. at once, or else bOOl. 
 and the Royal pardon. Colonel Norton mean- 
 while informed the Earl of Essex and Sir 
 William Waller of the offers made by Cornelius. 
 The pretended treaty was protracted, in order 
 to gain time, in the hope that Lord Hopton 
 would blockade Southampton, and be defeated 
 by Sir William AValler on his return from 
 Arundel. The promised pardon was at length 
 sent, but no money. The ivward was only to 
 be paid when the work was done. A month 
 went by, and eight letters passed between the 
 negotiators, Mr. Robert Mason being bound to 
 secrecy by oath. At length Murford told him 
 that Colonel Norton knew everything. Mason 
 made an earnest appeal for mercy, for the sake 
 of his wife and large family, but in vain. He 
 was, however, allowed to return to his own 
 house, three doors distant from Murford's, and 
 profiting by the opportunity, before he could be
 
 Skikmiskes near Southampton. 
 
 I'Jl 
 
 arrested he made his escape to Winchester, 
 where he was welcoiix'jd and einpioyod in a con- 
 fidential position. LonlHoptou now despatched 
 troops to blockade Southampton, and several 
 skirmishes took place, in all of which the sol- 
 diers of the Parliament had tiio advantige. On 
 January ;:51st, l(i44, a cornet, five soldiers, and 
 their horses were taken prisoners. Two days 
 afterwards two men of the town were captured 
 with their hoi-ses and arms, tluoo or four being 
 woundoil. One of the latter, a captain, was on 
 February .'ith dying of his wounds, at liomsey. 
 On a previous occasion we find the Mayor and 
 some of the richer burgesses favoured " the 
 Malignants," or Cavaliers. On February .">th 
 the Lord Admiral, theEarlof Warwick, sent the 
 Maria pinnace to Soutliampton W.iter, to guard 
 the town, which was then tlireatened by the 
 Royalists, Lord Hopton's men having committed 
 certain depredations on the land sid ;, so tliat 
 there was in the whole county "hardly anytiiing 
 left for man or beast." Lord iloptju was 
 expecting to be reinforced either from Oxford or 
 the West. Major-Oeneral Browne with the 
 City Brigade was fortifymg Petworth, in order 
 to prevent a Cavalier inroad into Sussex. Lord 
 Hopton's army was about 7i) )u strong at Win- 
 chester, and was recruited with Irishmen, horse 
 raised in the western counties, and pressed men. 
 The persons and estates of t'lose refu.sing to 
 serve the King were alike liable to be seized. 
 The Cavaliers at Winchester were now " fortify- 
 ing apace," but many of them, wlio were Pro- 
 testants, declared tliat they would W)i serve with 
 the Irish troops, who had either arrived or were 
 daily expected. In one of tlie skirmislies near 
 Southampton, a Parliamentarian officer was 
 taken prisimer. His men followed the retreat- 
 ing Cavaliers, and brought them to action again 
 at the village of Twyford. The prisoner was 
 placed in the front rank, but tlie Parliamim- 
 tarians fired hotly, killed eight of their oppo- 
 nents, put the rest to flight, an<i rescued their 
 officer. On February !lth the counties •>f Kent, 
 Surrey, Su.ssex, and Hants were raising .';0(MJ 
 men to check the movements of Lord Hopton, 
 who had formed the plan of aiding Coi. Massey 
 in (iloucestershiro and Wiltshire. 
 
 Sir Benjamin Ticliborne, AI.P for Peters- 
 field, a stauncli Cavalier, dwelt in the old 
 moated, oak-panelled family mansion at West 
 Tisted, wfiich is full of interest to the 
 archsBoIogist. His home was, however, seized 
 
 ui)On l)y Sir William Waller, who established 
 there a cavalry outpost. This circuuiBlanco 
 would have heen forgotten if a casualty lud 
 not occurred, which was duly recorded in tho 
 parish register. For tlie following entry, wliich 
 speaks for itself, 1 have to thank the Itev. Mr. 
 Stewart : — 
 
 " A .soldier, one Leiftenant Vernon, under a 
 gentleman, one Captayne Giijbon, of a Kc-ntiiiti 
 regiment of Horse for the Parliament against 
 the King, in the tyme of ye Civill Warro 
 betweene King Charles and his Parliament, 
 being quartered at Sir Benjamin Tiohborne's 
 house, was buried in the Cbarnell of West 
 Tisted, on tho nortii side, directly under the 
 little window. He was unfortunately killo<l by 
 his Captayne's (iroonie of his horse in the 
 kitclien .standing by the fire on the Monday 
 before, being February t!ie lUth, bomg about 
 y of the clock at night. Shott into his left 
 siioulder through the bare (breast?) bone, with 
 a pistoU charged v. itli two bullctts. Tlie ( 'ap- 
 tayne's man that di 1 it was tried by a Councell 
 of Warre as a thing of infortune, and not oi" .set 
 purpose maliciously. Tho Colouell of tho 
 Kentish regiment was one Colonel Lacy, Feb. 
 12, lt)44. A menioralde accident ! 
 
 '* Mcicurius Aulicus" tells us that tho gcKxI 
 people of Odiham were sadly disturbed whilst 
 at church on February 11th. Some of tho 
 garrison of Farnham Castle rode into tho 
 churt h during tlie service, and " presented their 
 pi.stols at Master Holmes, tho minister. !>aying 
 with a lond inipuiUnce, * .Sir, you must come 
 down, for we do not allow of su- h ivind of 
 preaching." " One trooper fired his pistol in 
 the chuivli ; a numlar of women fainted, " and 
 one Bushell's wife fell tlown dead." 
 
 On Thursday, February l.'>th, it was known 
 in Lori<lon tliat two troops of Hopton's men 
 j liad ie( onnoitred .Soutlianiptoii. Colonel Norton 
 sallieil out upon them, and "many were wounded 
 in their wlie< ling. " No le.sh than 8(» of them 
 were killed and taken, the tire on both sides 
 being w< 11 sustained. One hundred goo<l liorscs, 
 1"J0 arms, and other plunder rewarded tlio 
 victors, wliose loss i.^ not stated, and the rest of 
 the Cavaliers fled in disorder. Hampshire men 
 were ordered either to supply Lord Hopton's 
 cavalry witli horses, or to pay in/, per ni.in in 
 lieu of each horse. A weekly payment of 2'>k. 
 per week was levied " upon such as are l)ut 
 meanly landed. ' ImpriBonment and pliin<lor
 
 122 
 
 Outrac;f,3 at Win( hkstkk. 
 
 awaited those who refused payment. Almost 
 all tli«' sheep, not omittinj^ pregnant ewes, are 
 said to have been devoured by the Cavaliers, 
 who were charged with having eaten up IJDDO 
 she "p within twelve days at Odiham without 
 payment. 
 
 On the 19th of the following month a petition 
 was presented by " the Master and Almesfollc 
 of the Poore Hospitall of St. Mary Magdalen, 
 neare Winchester, to the Right Honourable 
 Ralpli, Lord Hopton, Haron of Stratton, and 
 Field Marshall General of His Majesty's 
 Western Forces." The petitioners stated that 
 they could not live without charitable additions 
 to their ondowraont, ami that 16 acres of barren 
 aral)le land and dry common for 120 sheep was 
 all the land they possessed, which they dili- 
 gently cultivated. That about Christmas, 1G43, 
 Lord Hopton's men had killed 30 of their sheep, 
 necessitating the removal of the rest to a dis- 
 tance of sixteen miles. Of this they had made 
 no complaint. '• But your petitioners do farther 
 shew that within four nights last past the 
 soldiers keeping their rendezvous there have not 
 only devoured nine quarters of their seed barley 
 for this season, being the full provision for the 
 same, and liave broken down and burnt up the 
 great gates, all doors, table boards, cupboards, 
 gysos. timber partitions, barnes, and stables 
 there, but have also used violence to the house 
 of God, burning up all the seats and pews in the 
 churoli, also the Communion table, and all other 
 wainscot and timber there that they could lay 
 hands on, and liave converted the said house of 
 God into a stable for horses and other profane 
 uses, to the great dishonour of God and grief 
 of soul of your poor petitioners, being very aged 
 and impotent persons, and thereby made desti- 
 tute of the means of having either temporal or 
 spiritual food." Lord Hopton endorsed this 
 petition with an order that Henry Foyle, Esq., 
 and Commissary Fry should protect these dis- 
 tressed almsfolk. 
 
 About the middle of February, loOD of Lord 
 Hopton's cavalry were at Salisbury marching 
 to the westward. Having been suddenly recalled 
 to Hampshire, some 500 of them deserted their 
 colours. The rest were " badly armed, not 
 worth much, as were many Cavaliers elsewhere.'' 
 Lord Hopton had ordered some dozens of maps 
 of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey to be sent to him 
 from London, for the use of his officers. His 
 supply of ammunition was now fast failing him. 
 
 On Saturday, Feb. 17th, Sir William Waller 
 was (|uartering his army near ChirhcHtor and 
 Arumlel. Tiie London Brigade was at Pctwortli. 
 Its officers maintained strict discipline, and on 
 Feb. 2nth, " a corporal was to be tried by a 
 Council of War for revealing the watchword in 
 the night time." Some of Colonel Norton's 
 men were in garrison at Cowdray House, near 
 Midhurst, five miles from Petwoith. Detach- 
 ments of Cavaliers from Winchester were hover- 
 ing al)out Alton, and giving const mt alarms to 
 the garrisons at Cowdray and Pet worth, but 
 inclement weather prevented any important 
 military operations. 
 
 On February 2()th, the Parliament passed an 
 Ordinance for giving an allowance of 12,00n/. 
 per month to the Scottish Army, to commence 
 on the 1st of March, and two d.ays afterwards 
 news reached London that Lord Hopton and 
 Sir William Ogle were discussing the advisability 
 of demolishing the fortifications of Winchester, 
 and evacuating the city, for the double, reason 
 that it was difficult to provide for the wants of 
 4* ()0 cavalry as well as infantry, and that Sir 
 William Waller was threatening a personal 
 advance in force. " Mercurius Aulicus," on 
 February 23rd reports a mutiny of some of 
 Waller's troops, and that Captain Guthred and 
 some others had come over to the Cavaliers. 
 Waller was expecting to be reinforced by 300U 
 foot, 120 horse, and 500 dragoons, which had 
 been lately raised in the four associat; d counties 
 of Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Hampshire. 
 
 On February 27th Hopton was impressing 
 men, many of whom deserted at the first oppor- 
 tunity. Of GOO men thus forced into his ranks 
 100 deserted at once, and 200 more were missing 
 when the detachment reached Winchester, 
 despite the exertions of a guard of horse. Many 
 country gentlemen were said to be preparing to 
 abandon Hopton, and to welcome Waller when- 
 ever he should advance into Hampshire. The 
 29th of Februarj- brought news that Sir William 
 Waller's rendezvous was to be at Chesterfield, 
 and that he would march towards Winchester 
 after another ten days. The Kentish men were 
 to be there, also 1200 foot, 400 horse, and 200 
 dragoons, Sussex and Surrey sending their due 
 proportion under " that valiant soldier Sir 
 Richard Grenville." 
 
 And now the greatest disaster of all for the 
 King's troops was at hand. After the capture 
 of Arundel Castle and his victory at Alton,
 
 Preparations for Battle. 
 
 I:i3 
 
 Sir William Waller was eager to proceed on 
 his marcli into the western counties, more 
 eap.cially as the 10 t() horso which, under the 
 command of Sir William lialt'our, tlio Earl of 
 Essex had been obliged, sorely against his will, 
 to lend his subordinate but rival Waller, might 
 be withdrawn at any time. Besides, the Auxi- 
 liary Regiments of London were an.\ious to 
 return home, tlieir period of service having 
 nearly expired. Accordingly, as an old writer 
 obsi^ives, '' Sir AVilliam Waller, alter his reduce- 
 meiit of Arundel Castle, marched to find out 
 my Lord Hopton, to cry quits with him for his 
 defeat at Koundway Down" (near Devizes). 
 
 Lord Hopton, on his part, was nothing loth, 
 especially alter the disaster at Alton, which 
 " inflamed him with desire of a battle with 
 Waller to make even all accounts." The King, 
 having heard of the strong reinioreements 
 granted to Sir William Waller, sent a large 
 force of volunteers from O.xford to reinforce 
 the army under Hopton. They were under tiie 
 command of the Earl of Brentford, a man whom 
 Clarendon says had been a very good officer and 
 had seen much service. His courage and boldness 
 no man doubted, but long-continued and iieavy 
 drinking bouts had weakened his mental powers, 
 which never had been very great, " he having 
 been always illiterate to the greatcot degree that 
 can be imagined I" Being an intimate friend 
 of Lord Hopton, and wishing to pass the winter 
 in active service rather thati in repose, he asked 
 permission to march to Winchestci-, wliich was 
 very readily granted by the King, On his arrival, 
 Hopton gave him a most cordial welcome, and 
 offered him the supreme command of the whole 
 force. This oiler, however, he refused, but 
 promised to aid in all expeditions to the best of 
 his ability. If tlie fortune of Cheriton fight 
 had been different, the two generals wouhl have 
 marched together to the aid of the Cavaliers of 
 Sussex and Kent, and would have made the 
 King supreme in those two counties. 
 
 Sir William Waller was massing troops near 
 Farnham, meaning to seek the Cavalier.s, and 
 " they cheerfully embraced the occasion and 
 went to meet him." A contemporary account 
 says: "Bith armies were near one another a 
 good space, for my Lord hovered about Win- 
 chester and tliose parts." 
 
 On the 1st of Alarch, 1(514. Hopton was said 
 to have barely G'lOO men at Winchester, and 
 desertions from that garrison were frequent. 
 
 Sickness waa decimating both armies, but the 
 Cavaliers were the greatest sufferers. The town 
 and garrison of Portsmouth were distressed for 
 provisions, as Hopton's outposts were in occupa- 
 tion of Southwick. Bi.shop s Waltham, I'aruiiam, 
 and other places in the neighbourhood. One 
 hundred barrels of powder were ordered to be 
 stored in Arundel Castle for the supply of 
 Waller's army, and on Marcli 7th ordeis were 
 given that forty other barrels from the powder 
 mills, near (Juildford, should be sent for the 
 same purpose to Farnham Castle, the garri-soning 
 of which at tliis time caused some anxii ty to 
 the Parliamentary (,'onnnitteoof both kingdoms. 
 All the officers of cavalry and infantry regi- 
 ments raised in Kent, and the (iovernors of all 
 the garrisons in the four associated ronnties of 
 Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Hants, weie lo obey 
 the orders of Sir William Waller as Major- 
 Generalof the Association. Sir William himself, 
 when present in the House of Commons ab<»ut 
 this time, obtained authority to make a summary 
 levy of horses in three days in West Su.ssex, so 
 as to complete the proportion of cavalry to be 
 provided by the county for the regiment then 
 being raised for Sir Richard Grenville. The 
 Committee of Militia wrote " to encourage the 
 City Regiment, now in Sussex. to continue for yet 
 longer upon the service, the necessity for it at 
 this time being so important." Sir John Trevor 
 was raising money in Sus.><ex for Sir William 
 Waller, and on Thursday, March 7th. tlie Com- 
 mittee of ^lilitiaand Mr. Molins. Comptroller of 
 the Ordnance, delivered to th.it (ieneral's army, 
 " One demi culverin, called KilUow, three 
 drakes at Leaden Hall, one demi culverin 
 drake, and one sacre drake, upon shoil wheels, 
 with their carriages, and for carriages, with 
 provisions for sixty shot round." Hampshire 
 and Sussex Puritan recruits were coming in 
 apace, and Kentish Volunteers nearly iiOOO 
 strong destined for the .s;ime service weie being 
 maintained at the expen.xeof their county. On 
 Sunday, Maich loth, eighteen loails of ammu- 
 nition left Lond(jn for Waller's army. Sir 
 John Evelyn and other Hampshire gentlemen 
 had promiscil alk'giaiice to the P.irlianunt, and 
 hail taken the Covenant, but on March "Jnd it 
 was deli.ited whether or not they were again 
 eligible for seats in the House. 
 
 Colonel Harvey, who was beaten at Basing 
 Hous*'. in company with Colonel Norton, on 
 August Jnd, 1G43, was now sent witli his regi-
 
 124 
 
 Basing TTousic and IIomskv. 
 
 mont of liorso to ji)in Sir William Waller at 
 Farnliam, and our old ac(|uaiiitanco, Captain 
 Swaidi-y, the terror ol' Southampton, about tliis 
 time made prize of a ship of Bristol, laden with 
 arms and annnunition for the King. On or 
 about March "Jth some of' Lord Ilopton's eavalry 
 from Winchester faced Soutliamptou. Colonel 
 Norton sent out a party to skirmisli -with them 
 until some other troops who had made a long 
 and circuitous marcli could attack them from 
 an ambuscade in tlieir rear. The result was 
 most disastrous to the Cavaliers. One of the 
 sons of Sir John Stawell was killed. This 
 family was constantly active on the side of the 
 King. The Cavaliers are said to have carried 
 off five cartloads of their dead, and the slain and 
 prisoners are variously estimated at HO and 1 40. 
 Between 6" and f^O horses were brought back to 
 Southampton, together with two cornets and 
 other officers. Colonel Norton lost only three 
 men, according to one writer ; but all concur 
 in stating that his losses were but slight. 
 Sir William Balfour, Major-General of Horse 
 under Sir William Waller, was now in Hamp- 
 ehire with 4000 horse and dragoons, and on his 
 march from Reading to Devize:; took a few 
 straggling Cavalier liorsemen, who were billeted 
 at Andover, and immediately afterwards occu- 
 pied Newbury, which now Iiad a garrison of 
 5000 hoiso and foot, and from whence Captains 
 Dolbery, Turner, and Thompson were sent with 
 about 2 <iO horse to face Basing House. "The 
 foxes and wolves there came out," and followed 
 the retreating Roundheads as far as Odiham, 
 plundering meanwhile and capturing a waggon- 
 load of provisions. Thereupon they halted and 
 retired towards Basing House, their strength 
 being almost the same as that of their oppo- 
 nents. Now, in their turn, did Balfour's men 
 advance to the attack, killing twenty Cavaliers, 
 routing the otliers, recapturmg the waggon, and 
 taking many prisoners, or, according to two 
 chronic lers, capturing "many troops of horse and 
 provision carriages," or " six waggons of beef, 
 malt, and bacon going to Basing House." 
 
 Sir William Balfour's troopers then advanced, 
 somewhat to the alarm of tiie garrison at Win- 
 chestei-, but " that good knight. Sir John Smith, 
 beat up the rebel quarters at Bramdean, Peters- 
 field, and Alton " recapturing the provisions, 
 and making the unwelcome Parliamentarian 
 intruders retire. On Tuesday, March 12th, 
 
 Lord John Stuart, one of the Duke of Rich 
 mond's brothers, who was in command of Lord 
 Hopton's cavalry, led a party of Sir Edward 
 Stawell's liorse and foot "to a place nearAlrcH- 
 ford." The name day a party of Cavaliers 
 marclied out of Romse}', and w hen approaching 
 the New Forest met a party of their comrades, 
 who did not recognise them, and shots were 
 exchanged. This mistake having V>een rectified, 
 the wi'ole force returned to Romsey, which 
 some of Colonel Norton's men from South- 
 ampton, led by Captain Thomas Evan=. had 
 that evening occupied, " where they had but a 
 short night's rest." Early in the morning of 
 March 13th the Cavaliers entered the town, 
 surprised their opponents, who were about 120 
 in number, and veiy well armed. From Hi) to 
 100 prisoners were taken, the rest by different 
 ways escaping. Captain Evans had in his 
 pocket a commission as Governor of Rom.sey. 
 Six of the prisoners were found to be dcsf-rters 
 from Lord Hopton's army, and were summarily 
 hanged, at the especial request of their own 
 regiment. 
 
 Meanwhile things were by no means going on 
 smoothly in the Isle of Wight. On Tuesday. 
 March 12th, the petition of Captain Scofield, 
 John Baskett, and Richard Bury, gentlemen, 
 and others against Col. Carne, " thf preseut 
 Deputy (roveinor of the Isle of Wight." was 
 read in the 11 ouse of Commons, and referred to 
 the Committee for the safety of the Isle of 
 Wight. Another petition was in course of 
 signature in the Island, which the Committee 
 received orders to suppress. Colonel Came, 
 who was accused first of discountenancing the 
 friends of the Parliament, and secondly of 
 countenancing those of the King, was to l>e 
 summoned to appear in London to answer these 
 charges. The Earl of Pembroke, the Governor 
 of the Isle of Wight, wrote to the .standing 
 Committee there "to take care of the safety of 
 the Island, especially of Cai-isbrooke Castle and 
 Sandown Fort. And that James MUlis and 
 Captain Hunt may be secured, or sent out of 
 the Island by the Committee, that they may do 
 no prejudice to the siifety of the Isle." On 
 Friday, March 22nd. a petition of the knights, 
 gentlemen, and inhabitants of the Isle of 
 Wight was read, and the Earl of Pembroke 
 received further orders to take care of the 
 Island untU the matter should be decided by
 
 Sir John Oglander. 
 
 Ul 
 
 authority. Colonel Came was afterwards 
 acquit ted of the two charges brought against him 
 by a majority of '21 and '20 votes respectively. 
 
 Xotice was also taken on March 'J2nd of " the 
 demeanour and carriage of one Oglander in the 
 Isle of Wight." On this point " Mercurius 
 Aulicus" enlightens uson Monday, August 14th, 
 1643:— 
 
 "This day also we received intelligence that Sir 
 John Oglander being in the Isle of Wight, one, 
 who is a sufficient brother, said to him that the 
 King'3 ships were goodly ships. ' Yes,' said 
 Sir John, ' but they would be better if they 
 were restored to their true owner,' meaning 
 His Majesty. The Roundhead replied, ' Why, 
 what would j'ou gain if the King had them 
 all?' ' Xo matter for gj.in," said Sir John. 
 ' I would I had given 500/. of my own purse 
 80 as the ships were in the right owner's posses- 
 sion.' 'And verily,' said the other, 'it shall 
 cost you 500Z.,' and so presently informed 
 against him, and en used him to be fetched to 
 prison, where now the good knight is kept close 
 only for discovering a good wish to His 
 Majesty." 
 
 On Tuesday, March lOth, 1644, two letters 
 from the Earl of Warwick, dated, one, three 
 days previously, and the second the day before, 
 were road in Parliament, enclosing "extracts of 
 Captain Jorden's letter and Captain Thomas, 
 his letter from Portsmouth and Stokes Bay," to 
 the effect that they had chased the Earl of 
 Marlborough, " and had taken four prizes of 
 good value, the one of thirteen guns, belonging 
 to Lyme." 
 
 On March '2.'»th it was decided that the Sum- 
 mer Guard should consist cf eighteen merchant 
 ships. The two second rates and one third rate 
 men-of-war previously ordered to be sent to 
 sea were countermanded. A strong escort was 
 to be provided for certain ammunition carts 
 which were to be sent to Sir AVilliam Waller. 
 But all these matters of detail were in the 
 following week to be dwarfed by the great 
 struggle which lias been variously styled the 
 Battle of Cheriton, Alresford, Brandon Heath, 
 Brandon, Bramdean, and Winchester, as well as 
 Cheriton Down Fight and Cheriton Fight. 
 Truly manifold are the appellations of this 
 dread and stern reality !
 
 CiiAPTKR XX. — A Battlk Imminknt — Sir William Waller's Advance — Lord Hopton's 
 Entrknchmknts — Wf.st Meox Occupied — Cavaliers at Alresford — Skirmish at 
 TisTED — Cheriton Fight — Struggle in the Wood — The Tide Turns — Hopton 
 Retreats — A Cavalry Charge — Keen Pursuit — Trophies of Victory — Losses os 
 Both Sides — The Earl of Forth — Winchester Surrenders — Lady Hoiton takex 
 Prisoner — Rejoicings in London. 
 
 Encouraged by the presence of the Earl of 
 Forth, his fii-m friend and superior officer, and 
 Borely grieved by the late disasters at Alton 
 and at Arundel, Lord Hopton, having been also 
 reinforced from Oxford, was anxious to try 
 conclusions with Sir William Waller. He and 
 Lord Forth intended, if successful, to advance 
 into Sussex and Kent, in whicli counties Rush- 
 worth says " they were like to find many to join 
 them." The same author says that the Cavaliers 
 were 13,000 or 14,000 strong, and that Sir Wil- 
 liam Waller, Sir William Balfour, who com- 
 manded the cavalry. Sir Michael Livesay, who 
 had l)rou<,'ht up a force from Kent, and Major- 
 General Browne, who led the London Brigade, 
 had upwards of 10,00(t men. But most authori- 
 ties give the numbers on each side as being from 
 8000 to 10,01)0. The Parliamentarian Generals, 
 especially Sir William Waller, "who wished to 
 cry quits with Lord Hopton for his defeat at 
 Roundway Down" on July 13th, 1643, were by 
 no means reluctant to stake the issue of the con- 
 test upon the result of a battle. Waller was 
 elated by his previous victories gained at Alton 
 and Arundel, and knew that his London Brigade 
 was exceedingly anxious to march in the 
 direction of the metropolis. Moreover he feared 
 the speedy recall of the cavalry which had 
 lately been lent to him by the Earl of Essex. 
 
 According to a letter from Petworth we 
 learn tliat the White and Red Regiments and 
 the Southwark Regiments, which composed the 
 London Brigade, were to advance on March 16th 
 from Petworth to Midhurst, at which latter 
 town they halted for five days. Lord Hopton, 
 who on March 19th was said to have under his 
 
 command 10,000 men, the majority of whom had 
 been impressed, was now concentrating all his 
 forces from the western counties, preparatory to 
 a general rendezvous on Tichborne Down. Many 
 of his pressed men were expected to desert, if 
 opportunity offered, and there was a report that 
 10,000 arms had been landed at Weymouth from 
 Dunkirk for the Cavaliers. Sir William Bal- 
 four, who was in command of 4000 horse and 
 dragoons, was on March l^^th, says '* Mercuriua 
 Britannicus," "betwixt AVinchester and Romsey, 
 and the rebels in Oxford are betwixt fear and 
 despair." Sir AYilliam Waller was on his march 
 from Sussex with six or seven thousand horse 
 and foot, the county of Kent having sent liim 
 500 cavalry and 1200 infantry. The armies were 
 nearly equal in number, and Lord Hopton was 
 busily fortifying Winchester, and '• building a 
 great fort about one mile thence, to keep off all 
 approaches thereunto, but the hills so command 
 that city that his labour will be lost, and his 
 great sconce " or redoubt "prove useless." Is not 
 this great fort or sconce the well-known earth- 
 work, with its clump of fir trees visible from afar, 
 known to all men as Olivers Battery, so called 
 probably fiom having been occupied by that 
 stern Sfildier, Cromwell, in October. 1645? 
 
 On March 18th, Sir William Waller reached 
 Chichester with his train of artillery, and on the 
 foUoMing day a solemn fast was observed by 
 his army, just one we.k before the appointed 
 time, as the following week was likelv to prove 
 somewhat eventful. All the farmers' teams 
 were impressed by Waller f(ir the transport of 
 his baggage and guns. Sir William Balfour nad 
 also taken up a position nearer to Portsmouth,
 
 Sir William Walleu's Auyanck, 
 
 1 27 
 
 and on March 20th the whole army was to 
 advim^u towards Winchester. On the 2lst Sir 
 William Waller himself was still in Chichester, 
 but somo of his forces had marched to Cather- 
 ington, and others were quartered at Havant. 
 The London White and Yellow Rej^iments, 
 un ler Major Gcn(!ral Browne, were at Midhurst, 
 and the horse and foot from East Kent, under 
 Sir Michael Livesay, had effected a junction 
 •with the rest of the army. Sir William 
 Balfour's 4000 horse and dragoons were " at 
 Portchcster. Portsmouth, Petersfield, Lippocke, 
 &c." The Surrey forces of the Parliament 
 were on the march towards Godalming. and a 
 traveller reported that for nineteen miles 
 together all the towns ana villages were filled 
 with the soldiers of the two opposing armies, 
 each of which was said to bp 10,0i>0 strong. On 
 March 'Jlst, a solemn Day of Humiliation was 
 observed at the Church of St. Martin's in the 
 Fields, fur the success of Sir William Waller, 
 who was even then expected to act upon the 
 defensive, as he was advised to do by tlie Parlia- 
 ment. He had appointed Tichborno Down as 
 a rendezvous for the London Brigade, and also 
 for the cavalry force under Sir William Balfour. 
 When it was known in London that Waller was 
 actually on the march towards Winchester 
 tlirough Petersfield, " two gallant pieces of 
 ordnance, fit for battery, with divers carriages 
 and ammunition," were at once sent to him. 
 
 Ijord Hopton and the Earl of Forth had pre- 
 viously challenged Waller to fix the day and 
 place for a battle, and by the night of Saturday, 
 March -'Srd, some of tlie troops on either si(lc 
 wer ' within six miles of one another. Some of 
 the Cavaliers were posted on the downs a mile 
 distant from Wincliestcr, whilst others were con- 
 structing entrencliments upon Tichborne l>own. 
 Mr. Duthy says ('' Sketches of Hampshire," p. 
 r.l4) : — " There is a tradition that when Aires- 
 ford was occupied by the Royal .\rmy under 
 Hopton, before the battle of Cheriton. some of 
 the outposts were on the riilge of Oviiigton 
 Down, where the present turnpiki' road now 
 skirts Sir Tiiomas 1 )yer's park, and a field, which 
 is still known by the nam<' of Butcln'r'sCloso, is 
 pointed out as the spot where the Commissary 
 collect'^d and slaughtered cattle for the use of 
 the King's Army. Marks of entrenchments arc 
 visible, or were lately so. which were prol)ably 
 thrown up at the same period." Other entrench- 
 ments are also to be traced upon (Jandor's Down, 
 
 apparently intended to protect the old road from 
 the Four Lanes, Bciuworth, to Wincljester. Hut 
 Lord Hopton's .soldiers wen; mostly "'young boys, 
 forcibly taken from their parents and masters, 
 who also want arms and military exercise I " 
 
 For information as to the maueeuvrcs on both 
 sides we are much indebted to Mr. Duthy's 
 '•.Sket hesof Hampshire, " Woodward's "History 
 of Hampshire," and other sources. Mijor- 
 General Browne was in command of the London 
 Brigade, and in an account of the battle, " pre- 
 sented to the Rigiit Honourable the Lord 
 ^layor" by one " imployed in the service of the 
 City and State to attend the London Brigade," 
 we are told that "upon Thursday, the 21 of 
 this instant, March (our Brigade ixing quartered 
 at Midhurst), our major general received orders 
 from Sir William Waller to advance towards 
 Winchester, to a town called Traford, which 
 accordingly he did with incredible speed, almost 
 at an hour's warning, and that night arrived 
 there, which we found to be :i small village, not 
 above seven or eight houses to quarter all our 
 men. Tlnre we met with much hardsliip." 
 No long halt was made in tlie village, for from 
 " an account published three days after the 
 battle, as sent in a letter from an intelligent 
 officer in the armie to his friend in London, "we 
 learn that " on Monday last. March 2.'», we ( the 
 writer was one of the London Brigade) were 
 drawn forth from a town called Traford into 
 a heath appointed by Sir William Waller for the 
 meeting of all his forces." Traford is evidently 
 Trey ford. 
 
 At this rendezvous three disorderly soldiers 
 of the London Brigade were executed. One 
 was tied to a tree and shot for killing his com- 
 rade. Another, who belonged to Sir William 
 Waller's own regiment, was hanged as a deserter, 
 as wasalso the thirel for mutiny, and for level 
 ling a musket at his captain in order to rescue 
 an offender. Towards evening on Monday. 
 March 2.'i, the London Bri^'ade approached West 
 Mi'on, which village they were informed was 
 five mil -s distant from Alresford, six miles 
 from Bishop's Walthain, antl nine from Win- 
 chester, 'i'his brig.ide. forming the advance 
 guard of Waller's army, alst) .ascertained that 
 the Cav iliers were assembled in force only .some 
 five miles off. Lord Hopton's outposts had 
 already occupied the villaifo, and "jistlie quarter- 
 masters came ridin.; in, with a piece of a tr<K)p for 
 their guard," a brisk skirmish took place, which
 
 128 
 
 Cavalikrs at Alrksfoui). 
 
 resulted in the retreat of the C.ivalicrB, leaving 
 behind them in captivity tlieir commanding 
 officer, " with a good horse under liim, and good 
 store of money." Soon afterwards a rumour 
 was circulated that 601) Cavaliers weie entering 
 the village, which caused tlie Londoners to 
 evacuate it. Some few [shots seem to have been 
 exchanged, but Captain Robert Thompson 
 bravely led on a foilorn hope of musketeers, 
 and secured the possession of West Meon to Sir 
 William Waller. Lord Hopton, being duly 
 informed of this brusli with the enemy, quitted 
 Winchester on Tuesday, March 2Qth. on which 
 day Sir William Waller and his staff had reached 
 Pctersficld, from whence he advanced as far as 
 East Meon. During tlie day six troops of his 
 cavalry encountered sixteen troops of Royalist 
 horsemen near West Meon. Three of Lord 
 Hopton'smen were made prisoneis, and the rest 
 retired, having probably accomplished their 
 object of ascertaining the strength of the enemy. 
 
 On Wednesday, March '27th, Sir William 
 Balfour, who had under his command Sir Arthur 
 Haslerig's cuirassiers, known to fame as " The 
 Lobsters," fiom their iron shells, was sent by 
 W^aller with a large lorce of cavalry to occupy 
 the town of Ahesford. But Lcrd Hopton was 
 too quick for him. Putting himself at the head 
 of 80U horse and dragoons, and ordering the 
 infantry to follow with all speed, he hastened 
 to secure the town. His force and that of l^ir 
 William Balfour marched in full view of one 
 another nearly all the way, but the Cavaliers 
 were the first to arrive, and Balfour and his 
 troopers reluctantly fell back to quarter them- 
 selves in the neighbouring villages. 
 
 On Wednesday, March 27th, the Cavaliers 
 received a considerable accession of strength, 
 and made an attack in force, hoping to surprise 
 the enemy, whom they expected to find at 
 church, the day having been set apart for a 
 solemn fast. But in thistliey were disappointed, 
 for the Londoners had taken advantage of their 
 halt at Midliur.st to keep the fast during the 
 previous week. " Thus the Royalists found 
 them prepared for their reception, full of confi- 
 dence instead of humiliation, under arms instead 
 of at prayers." The assailants, however, suc- 
 ceeded in capturing some stragglers, and 
 "appeared in a groat body upon the hill on the 
 left hand of the town," or, as we should rather 
 call it, the village of West Meon. On the aame 
 
 day Major-Gcncral Browne, in obedionco to 
 orders received, marched out of West Meon 
 towards Cheriton, the enemy meanwhile 
 thi'eatening an attack in force. Some tumuli 
 called '• Tlie Devil's Jumps," West Tistitd Com- 
 mon, which are said by local tradition to be the 
 graves of soldiers, perhaps cover the remains of 
 tho.se who fell on tfiis day. " We drew our men 
 into a body near the town (West Meon; and 
 marched as forlorn," in hourly expectation of 
 an attack, until at length they were obliged to 
 halt ''a mile or more from the village in extreme 
 danger." So writes one who styles himself "an 
 Eye- Witness." This gentleman had been sent 
 by the Lord Mayor and the Committee of the 
 City Militia to follow Sir William Waller's 
 army, and to report the proceedings of the 
 London Brigade, and seems to have been the 
 first specimen of a war correspondent on record. 
 Unfortunately, his excessive modesty has buried 
 his name beneath the obscurity of two centuries, 
 and to us moderns he can only be a nameless 
 "Eye-Witness." 
 
 At length Sir William Waller brought up his 
 brigade irom East Meon, and the united force 
 advanced until they " came near to Cheriton, 
 to a place called by some Lamborough Fi Id, " a 
 name which it still retains. There and on the 
 adjacent commoir they quartered for the ni^'iit, 
 " the enemy lying upon Sutton Common, and 
 some part of them nearer to us, so near that the 
 sentinels could hear one another talk." On 
 Wednesday and Thursday nights Waller's 
 troops " lay in the open field about three mil s 
 from Alsford, where the enemy kept a garrison." 
 On the morning of Thursday, "a commanded 
 party sent to view the enemy " met with a 
 Cavalier forlorn hope of considerable strength. 
 The vavalry fought desperately, and two heiocs, 
 whose nimes are unfortunately not recoided, 
 gained for themselves groat renown. 
 
 Then spur and sword was the battle word, and we 
 
 niaiie their helmets ring; 
 Shouting like madmeu all the while "For God and 
 
 for the King ;" 
 And though they snuffled psalms, to give the rebel 
 
 dogs their due, 
 When the roaring shot poured thick and hot, they 
 
 were steadfast men and true. 
 
 (THE Old Cavalier). 
 At length a gun, which did great execution, 
 was brought to bear upon the Royalists, who 
 thereupon retreated somewhat hastily. " Mer-
 
 Chebiton Fight. 
 
 129 
 
 curius Aulicus " gives an account of this day's , 
 proceedings, which Mr. Dutliy thus admirably 
 summaiises : — 
 
 " It would appear from the accounts pub- 
 lished by the Cavaliers, in what may be termed 
 their Court Gazette, that Lord llopton made a 
 partial attacv upon Waller during his march 
 from West Mton, and having driven liini from 
 an eminence on which he was stationing his 
 troops, sent Colonel George Lisle with a body 
 of men to retain possession of it, which that 
 officer gallantly executed, bivouacking there all 
 night. If this be correct, it must have been 
 Wallers original aim to have occupied ground 
 nearer Alresford, on tlie ridge extending from 
 Tichborne to Brauidcan Common, and the 
 less elevatid swells to tlie .■ioiith ot it between 
 tlie wood called Sutton Scrubbs and East Down 
 Farm, and that he was dii\en from his position 
 and compelled to take up his ijuarters farther 
 off, in the vicinity of Ciieriton. On these 
 eminences Colonel Li.sle was probably posted, 
 for on the morning of Thursd ly, the J^lh, it 
 was discovered that his post was comm inded by 
 still liigher ground, to which the enemy had 
 retired. Skirmishes now ensued, and each 
 party seems to have claimed tlie advantage. 
 The Cavaliers assert that, notwithstanding the 
 strength of Waller's position, which was such 
 as he usually chose, a spot intorsjcted with 
 hedges and trees, behind which his men were 
 strongly posted, and from which tliey poured 
 such tremendous voUics as few soldiers liad ever 
 experienced before, yet tlie gallant Colonel 
 Applcyard, being ordered to drive them from it, 
 ' so led up his men, and they so followed their 
 leader, tliat the confident rebel, witli all liis odds, 
 ■was forced from his seat, and made give place to 
 his betters.' If this was the case, he certainly 
 recovered it again, for here he was posted on the 
 ensuing morning. In their account of the trans- 
 actions of the I'Sth, the l{oundheads state that 
 parties of theirs, in making reconnais-sances, 
 were attacked by the enemy, who were received 
 with great gallantry by tlieir horse, and on a 
 considerable body of the Royalists coming to the 
 relief of their comrailes who were engaged, a 
 gun was brought to bear on them, which did 
 considerable execution, and caused them to 
 retreat in disorder." Apploy irdwas wounded, 
 either on this or the following ilay. He was 
 taken prisoner at Naseby, in 1G4.'), together with 
 the following officers of hia regiment, some, if 
 
 not all, of whom fought at Cheriton : — Captains 
 Triwhit. Ma.-ters, Sanderson, and Ilubbart, 
 Lieutenants Middleton, Thompson, Lewen, and 
 Baker." They wore yellow uniform." 
 
 It is evident that the skirmishes on this day 
 were by no means of a d« cisive character. 
 Whitlocke's memoiials say tliat the armies for 
 " two or three days faced each other, and had 
 some light skirmishes with the horse-, and Sir 
 Willi im Waller's men took about thirty of tlie 
 enemy, and slew one captain and an Irish rebel." 
 Coun« ils of War were held ihis day in both 
 camps, and on either side it was decided to light 
 on the morrow, tln' setting of whose sun many 
 a brave soldier both of King and Parliament 
 was fated never to behold. 
 
 Early on the mi>rning of Friday, March "JOth, 
 Sir W illiam Waller's men were seen to l>e 
 strongly posted on the high ground which 
 extends from the neighbourhood of the village 
 of Cheriton to the farther end of Chonton 
 Wood, which lay in the front of their extreme 
 right, at which part of the line the London 
 Brigade was posted. Lord Hoptons regiment 
 took advantage of the numerous 1 ines le iding 
 fiom Alresford and tiie neighbourhood of 
 Bishop's Sutton to ciown the iminence that 
 extends from Tichborne lo Bramdean Common. 
 Before the battle began, the Cavaliers 
 employed •' a sul>tle device, such tliat none could 
 fathom," which was the announcement of a 
 victory over the Scotch army by the Earl of 
 Newcastle, at the very time th.it the Scotti.sh 
 warriors had defeated the Earl, and also of an 
 exaggerated account of Prince Rupert's success 
 at Newark. 
 
 The contest is variously said to have com- 
 menced at eight, nine, and ten o'clock in the 
 morning. The " Fi' Id Word ' was the same in 
 both armies, "God with us," which ."^ir William 
 Waller discovering, substituted for his own men 
 " Jesus bless us." which towards the clo.so of 
 the struggle was exchanged for " Glory to God 
 alone !" 
 
 The gaining of Cheriton Wood " was con- 
 ceived to be of extraordinary ad van (.age," and 
 four files per company of the London Brigade 
 were formed up HMKI strong as a forlorn hope, 
 and were sent to occupy it under the command 
 of an officer who is variously styled Captain, 
 Sergeant Major (».r., Major), and Colonel 
 Thompson, or Tompson. and who, it will be 
 remembered, had commanded a forlorn hope at
 
 130 
 
 Tin; TioK Turns. 
 
 West Meon on the previous Monday cvunin;^. 
 The attack proved successful, in spito of the 
 efforts of the forlorn hope of tlie Cavaliers, who 
 foui^ht liand to hand, and from tree to tree. 
 Lord llopton had foreseen this attack, and had 
 planted some drakes or field pieces upon the 
 higii ground at the north-eastern side of the 
 wood which commands the rest, "which they so 
 furiously discharged that we were forced to 
 retreat," and although reinforced by musketeers, 
 the Londoners did not hold the wood for more 
 than an hour, durinu; which time their casualties 
 were numerous, and thoy lost Captain-Lieut. 
 Milton wounded and taken. Was he a relative 
 of tlie poet ? A map of this neighbourhood 
 Btill gives the name of Gunner's Castle to some 
 housos at a cross road close to the position said 
 by the contemporary historians to have been 
 selected by the Royal artillery. Colonel 
 Thompson's leg was so badly shattered by a 
 cannon shot as to render amputation necessary. 
 After the retreat of the Londoners Lord 
 Hopton's cavalry began to charge, "and our men 
 bravely received their first shock, and answered 
 them blow for blow, and bullet for bullet." 
 Nevertheless, although they had the support of 
 a large force of musketeers, who, posted in 
 coppices and enclosures kept up a heavy fire, 
 the Pai liamentarians were forced to give ground. 
 But tlic country was unfavourable for cavalry 
 mancBUvres, being of a heathy nature, and a 
 Pavliamentaiian writer remarks that "the ground 
 where the enemy's horse stood was so uneven 
 that they could not march in any order." This 
 circumst mce, togeth'T with the warm greeting 
 which they had met with, no doubt damped 
 their ardour in this "sharp battle." 
 
 Clarendon says, " The King's horse never 
 behaved themselves so ill as on that day, for 
 the main body of them, after they had sustained 
 one fierce charge, wheeled about to an unreason- 
 able distance, and left their principal officers to 
 shift for themselves." and he speaks in another 
 place of " the few horse that stayed and did 
 their duty." 
 
 On tlie other hand Sir William Waller's horse 
 " did little for the space of an hour after their 
 retreat."' 
 
 The "foot regiments on both sides fought 
 stoutly on both sides, and came up to push of 
 pi!ce ; the London forces and Kentish men with 
 Waller, and Sir Arthui H.islerig and Balfour 
 did brave service." Mr. Duthy says, " The posi- 
 
 tion originally occupied by each army was 
 strong. The ground rapidly ilcscending in front 
 of the Parliami-ntai i ins formed a regular 
 escarperaent, and before t'lc Royalists it was 
 equally but more irregularly st<'<;p, while the 
 wood and detached hedges and coppices lay 
 between them both. It was neces-s iry, however, 
 in order to come into (;ontact, that one party at 
 least should descend from their vantige ground, 
 and it seems as ii' the (yavaliers, encouraged by 
 the success of tlieir first onset, at which time 
 the Roundheads acknowledged ' that the day was 
 douljtful, if not desperate,' pushed forward 
 with more valour than prudence a ross the 
 broid valley whic'i separated the armies, up to 
 the rising ground, where Wall;r's men lay 
 entrenched behind hedges and thickets. This 
 took place chiefly on the left of the Parlia- 
 mentarians soon after t'le discomfiture of their 
 horse, and the vantage ground which they occu- 
 pied enabled them to throw their enemies into 
 confusion and to become assailants themselves. 
 They drove tlie Royalists from hedge to hedge 
 till they forced them to the top of the hill, pro- 
 bably to the edge of Tichboi-ne Down."' The 
 fighting on the ri^ht and in the centre seems 
 to have been less severe than it had been on the 
 left. 
 
 But now Major-General Browne collected 100' 
 musketeers from the hedges, and led them in 
 person to attack the wavering, but not as yet 
 routed Royalist cavalry. It was now about one 
 hour past noon, when " the London regiments 
 drove the enemy from the hedges, which they 
 had lined with musketeers, and gained a passage 
 to a wood, which stood the Parliament's forces in 
 great stead." They " falling unexpectedly upon 
 the enemy's horse, gave fire so bravely on them 
 that they were forced to wh 'el about, and there- 
 upon our body of horse came on again, and gave 
 them so hot a charge that they were forced to a 
 disorderly retreat." These London musketeers 
 fought " most gladly and courageously. They 
 charged quite through the enemy's body, and put 
 them to a rout, so that they were forced to 
 retreat to the top of the hill where they first 
 appeared." This hill was probably Tichborne 
 Down. Seeing that the fortune of the day was 
 going against him. Lord Hopton, who. by the 
 admission of his enemies, "managed his forces 
 soldier-like " on this and many other occasions, 
 sent off his baggage and artillery and a portion 
 of his infantry towards Alresford, so that " only
 
 THK Retrkat. 
 
 131 
 
 the horse and a f .3W of the foot were left to fight 
 us,'" and to cover the retreat of the main body 
 of the array. 3 tO Roundhead musketeers now 
 left the shelter of the hedges, and advanced at 
 speed, so taat the Royalist foot, '■ who all tlie 
 day till then had stood to it, perceiving their 
 horse begin to fly, do seek lor shelter by 
 flight themselves, and throw down their arms." 
 To make matters worse, Sir AVilliam Balfour, 
 with his 4000 well-armed cavalry, including Sir 
 Arthur Haslerig's iron-clad "Lobster.s," who 
 had been repulsed in the earlier part of tlie day, 
 on -e more charged the disheartened infantry, 
 completing their discomfiture. Sir William 
 Waller, as this living torrent of cuirassiers 
 swept past him, making the very earth tiemble 
 beneath with the tramplirg of their chargers, 
 " bravely encouiaged them to second the example 
 and courage of their leader, and they did notaljly 
 serve to increase the victory. 'I'he Kentish 
 regiment o; horse, assisted with Col. >.'orlon's 
 regiment, stood manfully to it, and never lost 
 ground." Colonel Norton, who had lived much 
 at Ahesford, was well acquainted with every 
 lane in the neighbourhood, and is said to have 
 brought up his renowned troop of Hambledon 
 Boys, and charged the Cavaliers in the rear, thus 
 not a little contributing to the victory. The 
 Kentish regiment gave no quarter to tlie Irisli, 
 " who first ran for it, and threw down their 
 arms. They were mostly red coats of Lord 
 Inchiquins regiment, led by his brother." 
 Another account says, " The first of the King's 
 men that are said to run away were two regi- 
 ments of Irish." The officers did their best to 
 rally the fugitives, '' beating and cutting them 
 with til' ir swords," but to no purpose. " There 
 was a hollow betwixt both bodies, which each 
 endeavouiing to gain, many men found it for 
 their graves on both sides." This is probably 
 the lane leading from Sutton Scrubbs towards 
 Cheriton, wliich, on that fatal day, according to 
 village tradition, ran with blood. The victory 
 was complete. Those wlio followed the 
 pursuit found nearly JOOO arms under th(; 
 hedges, and many of Lord llopton's mwly- 
 raiscd Hampshire levies made tlic best of their 
 way to their homes without opposition from the 
 victors. Lord Ilopton in j)er.son did his l)est 
 to cover the retreat with a body of cav ilry 
 comi)osed of the regiments of Colonels Butler, 
 Nevill, and Howard. Colonel Butler received a 
 wound in the leg, but reached Oxford in safety. 
 
 Sir W. Brilfour and Sir A. Haskrig were ener- 
 getic in the pursuit, and, in spite of the effort* 
 of the Royalist cavaliy, su- ceeded, after a ch;i8e 
 of between two and tlirce miles, in overtaking 
 the retreating infantry, who. according lo rustic 
 report, shouted to their mounted comrades 
 " Face them, face them once more ; face them ! " 
 Thus urged, the cavalry m ide a final ciiaige, 
 only to be broken and cha.scd until the infantry 
 were a second time overtaken and attacked, 
 losing many men. It was five o'cIock in the 
 afternoon before the battle was at an cud, and 
 neither army was soiiy to perceive tlie coming 
 on of ni.;ht. As the Cavaliers retreated thiougb 
 the town of Alresfoid tliey set fire to it at b«)th 
 ends, probably in revenge for the I'aili.iuieiitjiry 
 politics of some of its principal inhabitants. 
 Tlie soldiers of the victorious army, however, 
 speedily arrived, and aided the inhal itants to 
 extinguisli the conflagration, wl.uh only 
 destroyed four or five houses. Sir William B;u- 
 ft)ur, who commanded the cavairj, in hU 
 account, wiitten on the following day, s;iid that 
 the pursuit was kept up till Wiiichester was not 
 four miles distant, and informed the Par- 
 liament that he was drowsy for want of sleep, 
 wliieh he considered a suUici' nt leason for cur- 
 tailing his official report. Mi>led by unfriendly 
 rustics, and seeing that most of tlie infantry 
 were retreating in the direction of Wiiici, ester. 
 Sir William Waller uiged on the clia.se towards 
 that city, and so failed to sccuie .ill the i ruits 
 of his victory. " Mercurius Aulicus" asserts 
 that Lord Ilopton took three colouis iioni him, 
 carrying them oil in triumph. The same 
 new.spaper says that Ilopton h'st neii her guns, 
 colours, nor carriages. Another account siys that 
 Waller captured seven guns, but Kushwortb 
 says that only two guns fell into his hands. It 
 is expressly stated by one w riler t'at two hours 
 before the defeat became general. Loitl Ilopton 
 sent away nine guns towards ^Vinehl•^ter, with 
 an escort of 300 men, having only two on the 
 field, wliich were afterwards captured. Six of 
 the nine guns were burieti in a place of S' cuiity, 
 and tile other three were roiiveyed in silety to 
 Basing House. One hundied lo nl.s <if corn, nu»al, 
 aiul provisions, two waggons o >nveyiiig field 
 pieces and muskets, and 30 other conveyances 
 are siiid to have rewarded the vietors. 
 
 Favoured by the darkness I^>rd Hopton, 
 " with his horses and carriages, it hi ing in tho 
 nigiit, wheeled about through a narrow I.iue, and
 
 13J 
 
 Mutual Losses. 
 
 BO went unporccived to thcii garrison at Basing 
 House," which lie himself reached in company 
 with the Earl ol: Forth and fourteen other 
 officers. The line of retreat seems to ave been 
 through Avington, and thence towards Basing 
 House, which a considerable body of troops 
 Bucc-'eded in reacliing in good order. All 
 through the night did the disheartened Cavaliers 
 inarcli in haste, oxtdaiming as they hurried 
 towards Alton, Basing, and Winchester, '■ The 
 kingdom's lost ! the kingdom's lost !" and kill- 
 ing more than -'00 horses in order to block up 
 the narrow lanes with their bodies so as to 
 impede pursuit. 
 
 The slaughter was considerable, most of the 
 Irish neither giving nor receiving quarter. The 
 number of the killed and wounded is variously 
 stat 'd, but the most reliable estimate gives 900 
 as the loss on the side of the Parliament, and 
 140J as that in Lord Hopton's army. Few men 
 of note fell in Waller's army. Major Bosville, 
 or Bovill, who had been one of the Commis- 
 sioners to arrange the terms of surrender at 
 Arundel, received a mortal wound in the 
 stomach, and Colonel John Meldrum, who in 
 164_* had been Lieutenant of tlie 2nd Troop of 
 Horse, was shot in the arm and wounded in the 
 head. In his will he is described as being " very 
 much wounded." After the Restoration his 
 remains, in common with others, were exhumed, 
 and thrown into a common pit in St. Margaret's 
 church-yard. Colonel Dolbeir, or Dalbier, here- 
 after to prove a foe to Ba?ing House, was 
 wounded, and Colonel Thompson lost his leg, as 
 we h ive already seen, during the attack upon 
 Cheriton Wood. Captain Fleming was also 
 wounded, but recovered. On April 17th, two 
 members of the House of Commons were sent 
 to visit hira, an 1 to present him with thirty 
 pieces of gold, promising him at the same time 
 further supplies of money. 
 
 The losses on the King's side in killed, 
 wounded, and prisoners were indeed grievous. 
 The death of Lord John Stuart, second brother 
 to the Duke of Richmond, who commanded 
 Lord Hopton's cavalry, was especially lamented. 
 He was " a young man of extraordinary hope, 
 and whose courage was so signal in this action 
 that too much could not have been expected 
 from it, if he had outlived it, and he was so 
 generally beloved that he could not but be very 
 gen3rally lamented." He was little more than 
 twenty-one years of age, and was far more at 
 
 hom^ in the camp than he was at Court. Lloyd 
 t dls us th it he 'not only led a van'^uirl of 
 light liorse, charging the enemy most gallmily, 
 but also discro ;tly '-omposcd a di(f;rence 
 arising in the comm ind and .service with tticse 
 words, ' L it us dispute the main with the 
 enemy, and wo shall have time enough to dis- 
 pute punctilios between ours dves.' " He was 
 wounded in six places during the action, and 
 had two horses killed under him, and is thought 
 to have received his death wound in the hollow 
 way before referrel to, from Colonel John 
 Meldrum, who was.like hiiusell'. a gallant .soldier. 
 Sir John Smith, brother to Lord Carrington, 
 and Commissary-General oT the Horse, was also 
 mirtally wounded. He belonged to an ancient 
 Roman Catliolic family, had seen much sjrvice 
 in Flanders, and hal long been celebrated as an 
 experienced cavalry officer. He had done many 
 deids oP valour during the war, made a daring 
 escape from his prison in Windsor Castle, and 
 recovered the Royal Standard at the Battle of 
 Edge-hill. This exploit is thus described by Mr. 
 Warburton : " Then Captain Smith, an officer 
 in Lord Bernard Stuart's ' Show troop,' resolved 
 to rescue it or die ; there were none to second 
 him but Robert Walsh, an Irishman, and one or 
 two more, and the stoutest b igade of cavalry 
 could scarcely penetrate that serried line of 
 pikes, through wiiich the musketeers still kept up 
 a continuous fire. Smith and his comrades 
 snatched some orange scarves, the hated badge 
 of Essex, from the dead, and easily mingled in 
 the confusion among the enemy ; so they 
 approached the Lord General, whose secretary, 
 Mr. Chambers, was waving the standard in 
 triumph above his head. Smith rode up. and 
 unceremoniously told him that a penman had 
 no business to carry such a standard in a field 
 like that. So saying, he snatched it from him 
 and moved quietly away until he had a clear 
 course before him to the hill ; then galloping 
 off with his precious prize, he restored it in 
 triumph to the King. That evening he was 
 knighted under its shadow, the first knight 
 banneret made in England for one hundred 
 years. He afterwards received a gold medal, 
 with the King's portrait on one side and the 
 banner on the reverse. ' He wore it by a green 
 watered ribbon across his shoulders until his 
 dying day.' " Both he and Lord John Stuart were 
 carried off the field to Reading, and from thence, 
 oil the following day, to Abingdon, " by the few
 
 Till, Eaki. ok Foktu. 
 
 133 
 
 horse that stayed with them and did their duty, 
 but they lived only to the second dressing of 
 their wounds, which were very many upon both of 
 them. Tlie dcatli of these two eminent officers 
 made the names of many who perished that day 
 the less inquired into and mentioned." They 
 both found soldiers' graves at Oxford. The 
 number of Royalist gentlemen slain on this 
 fatal day is said to have been four hundred and 
 eighty-five, of whom two-lifths were Roman 
 Catholics. It is noteworthy that Sir Richard 
 Tichborne, the second baronet, probably took 
 part in this battle, as did also his brother. Sir 
 Henjauiin, and his son, Sir Henry. On the 
 other side fought Robert Tichborne. a zealous 
 adherent of Cromwell, who was afterwards 
 Lord IVIayorof London, and who w.as afterwards 
 one of the regicides. He was at the Restora- 
 tion arraigned, but was never brought to trial. 
 Sir Benjamin Tichborne was M.P. for Peters- 
 field, and after Clicriton Fight retired to the 
 family mansion at West Tistud. Some troopers 
 were sent to arrest him, but he escaped by con- 
 cealing himself in a hollow oak, which still 
 stands in an adjacent field, and to this day is 
 known as " Sir Benjamin's Oak." Sir Henry 
 Tichborne, the son of Sir Richard, who is repre- 
 sented in Tilbourg's celebrated picture of the 
 Tichborne Dole, was a staunch Cavalier. He 
 recovered his sequestered estates at the Restora- 
 tion in 1660. 
 
 In ''England's Black Tribunal" we read: — 
 " Colonels Sandy.s, Scot, and Manning, persons 
 of great worth and eminency, who.so valorous 
 minds scorned danger, and liatcd no man so 
 much as a cowanl, tiiese gallant sons of I\Iars 
 were all slain in the battle between my Lord 
 Hopton and Waller, on Cheriton Down, March 
 29th, 1644. Colonel Phillips, slain near Win- 
 chester (Gentlemen Volunteers.) Mr. Sands, 
 slain at Alresford." Lord Powlet.of Somerset- 
 shire, and Sir Ceorge Wilmot were erroneously 
 said to have fallen. Sir John Powlet reached 
 Basing with Lord Iloptim. Colonel Sandys 
 was father-in-law to Sir John Mill, then of 
 Newton Bury, and representative of Sandys of 
 Lstwaite Furness and Sarwls of the Vine. The 
 son of Colonel H. Sandys of the Vine, himself a 
 Cavalier, was obliged to sell the estates in 16.')3. 
 Sir William Balfour says that Colonels (Jr.ay 
 and Butler were al.so killed, but (Jolonel l?utler 
 at any rate escaped to Oxford, althougli ho 
 received a wound in the leg. Colonel Manning, 
 
 , a Roman Catholic, al.so fell. Of him the •• Brief 
 Chronicle" says that he was •• father to the 
 person who betrayed the King to Cromwell 
 while ho resided at Colon, in the design of 
 ; Colonel Penruddock, for which he was shot to 
 ! death in the Duke of Xewburgh's country." 
 ! Colonel Phillips w.as probably one of the family 
 i that resided at Stoke Charity. 
 i The Earl of Forth, who, it will Ixj remem- 
 I bered, had come to the assist.ince of Lord 
 ' Hopton. was confined to his quarters at Alres- 
 , ford by an attack of gout, probably brought on 
 ' by his notorious intemperance. When word 
 was brought to him that the London Brigade 
 had been driven from Cheriton Wood with 
 great slaughter, and with the loss of a thou.sand 
 I)risoners, he called for a pack of cards. At 
 , length a mes.senger camo in haste to tell him 
 that the Royal horse was routed, and that his 
 presence was imperatively necos.s;iry, upon 
 : which he went at once to the scone of 
 j action. He was woundeil, but in company with 
 Lord Hopton and fourteen other officers 
 reached Basing House in sjifety. Mr. Money 
 says that " he had seen service in Sweden under 
 I Gustavus Adolphus, in Denmark. Russia, 
 Livonia, Lithuania, Pol.md, and Prussia, In 
 < England alone the number of his wounds had 
 equalled that of the battles in which he had 
 expo.sed himself. At Edge-hill, s;iys Lloyd, he 
 modelloil the fight. He was at Brentford and 
 Gloucester, was shot in both the fights at New- 
 bury, at Cheriton, and at Banbury. He had 
 been shot in the head, in both arms, the mouth, 
 leg, and shoulder, and, as if .ill this had not been 
 enough for his scars and his story, the catalogue 
 was finished by a fall from his horse that broke 
 his shoulder. He survived to wait upon Charles 
 II. in exile, and, returning to his native country, 
 was i)uried in IG.'il at Dundee." 
 
 There were <m the King's side " divers other 
 persons of <|uality wounded, among whom was 
 Sir Edward Stawell. eldest stm to Sir .loiin, and 
 Sir Henry, now Lord Beard." They wore l)oth 
 taken prisoners. The former was " a Major- 
 Genoral of a brigaile, a man of a grt.«at estate," 
 and is sai<l by Sir William Balfour to have boon 
 dangerously wounded. Colonel !^ir Henry Beard 
 was "Colonel of :i reyimtint of horse, and of 
 a rt'giraeiit of foot, " and had been in the service 
 of the Parliament in Ireland, whieh country he 
 hail only reeeiitly left. Four days after the 
 fight he was brought up to London as a prisoner
 
 134 
 
 W I N ( 1 1 KST I : K S r It K I . N I > I ; us. 
 
 by Sir Arthur Ilaslorig, and was confined in 
 Lord IVtro's houso in Aldcrs^atc-strcct. lie 
 was soon aftn w.iid.s excli.umid for Captuin 
 Ilac^kcr and Mr. Stanley, who had been captured 
 by tho Royal army. 
 
 " ('oh)Mi'l('ary. a Rcnrgado " from the service 
 of the Parliaimiit, wa.s a prisoner witli a severe 
 wound, and Coh)noI Seymour shared his 
 captivity. Tlio prisoners taken during the 
 liglit and in the course of the next few days 
 were said to be l"Jl» officers and ;')()! I soldiers. 
 Much ammunition was also taken during the 
 pursuit. The retreating Cavaliers wore reported 
 to liave carried off several cartloads of dead, in 
 addition to others interred at various places. 
 There is a large mound in Lamborougli Field, 
 near Ciieriton, which is the last resting-place 
 of many of the slain. AVhen it was opened a 
 few years since, a layer of black eartli alone 
 remained of wliat had once been valiant soldiers. 
 In C/heriton AVood also there are some mounds 
 on the rising ground, wherein rustic tradition 
 says tliat three generals were buried, and which 
 probably cover the remains of the London 
 Traineci Bands and their opponents who fell 
 during the struggle for the possession of the 
 wood. These mounds are overgrown with 
 brambles, but are easily recognisable, the more 
 so as the neighbouring underwood was cut away 
 last year (1880). 
 
 Lord Hopton"s army released fifty of their 
 prisoners, one of whom, who was left l)ehind in 
 a wounded condition, reported tliat not more 
 than 'JO of his comrades were detained after the 
 battle was at an end. Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Kingston. Captains Price. Chidleigh. Jackson, 
 Audley. and Seymour, Lieutenant Kite. Ensigns 
 Cowper. Mellis, Marsh, and Midley. Cornets 
 Constable and Ducket, Physician John Morsey, 
 and a nameless priest, all fell into the hands of 
 Sir William Waller, and " a captain left behind 
 at Alresford sorely wounded, doth swear the 
 devil is in the Roundheads, they are such 
 firemen." Lord Hopton's cornet for his troop 
 of guard was a standard gules, bearing for 
 device a cannon or ; above, this motto. Et xacris 
 compescuit ignibus igues." 
 
 Only one day did Lord Hopton remain at the 
 friendly garrison of Basing House, for on Sun- 
 day, March 31st. leaving his wounded behind 
 him, he continued his march to Reading, pro- 
 ceeding from thence to Oxford. The late Mr. 
 W. Cooper, of Cheriton. had in his possession a 
 
 cannon liall weighing about nine ponnds, and I 
 now iiave another f)f smaller calibre. Such 
 reli(s of the gn at figlit arcof late less frequently 
 uj)tuined by the plough than thoy formerly 
 were, but not many years since some of the 
 dwellers at now peaceful Cheriton utili.sed them 
 for the game of liowls, and the late T. Lipscomb, 
 Esq., of Alresford, exhibited at AVinchcster in 
 ]H4i> a basket-hilted sword, which was found on 
 the battle-field, (.'aptain Wickham. of Tichborne 
 Park, also has a l"_'-pounder shot, cast like a 
 bullet. 
 
 A week before Cheiiton Fight, the King had 
 issued a proclamation at Oxford that all holders 
 of office under the Crown should repair to that 
 city by April 21 th at the latest, on pain of for- 
 feiture of office, intending to commence the 
 campaign ( arly in the season. But these hopes 
 were now blighted. Clarendon says, " This 
 battle was fought on the 20th day of Marcli, 
 which was a very doleful entering into the 
 beginning of the year 1G44, and broke all the 
 measures and altered the whole scheme of the 
 Kings counsels. For whereas before, be hoped 
 to have entered the field early, and to have 
 acted an offensive part, he now di.scerned he was 
 wholly to be upon the defensive, and that was 
 like to be a very hard part too I" 
 
 The London Brigade halted at Alresford. bu|, 
 some of Waller's men marched fourteen miles 
 beyond that town in pursuit of the fugitives. 
 Some of the prisoners gave information that 
 detachments of the Queen's and Prince Maurice's 
 regiments had taken part in the fight, and that 
 a Council of War had decided upon tlie destruc- 
 tion by fire of the town and castle of Farnham, 
 if Lord Hopton had gained the day. Sir 
 William Waller himself marched towards Win- 
 chester, which he reached on the day after the 
 battle. A messenger whom he despatched to 
 Major-Gcneral Browne, at Alresford, was 
 "interviewed" by the " Eye-Witness." and 
 informed him that there were not 2(iii of the 
 Cavaliers left together, and that Sir William 
 Waller would attack the city, from which he 
 was only a mile and a-half distant. Lord 
 Hopton having retreated to Reading and Oxford, 
 there was no longer any hope of defending the 
 entrenchments constructed at AVinehestc r with 
 so much skill and labour, and Sir William Ogle 
 was satisfied with keeping possession of the 
 castle itself for the King. Accordingly, 
 leaving about one hundred soldiers, most
 
 Lady Hopton a Prison kr. 
 
 135 
 
 of whom were Irishmen, to hold that important 
 fortress, most of the Cavaliers who had taken 
 refuge in the city marched from thence to 
 Andover. Sir William Waller, who chiimed 
 Winchester Castle as his own by right of 
 inheritance, expected that his success at Cheri- 
 toii would give him immediate possession of it, 
 but on reaching the city he found the gates 
 closed against him. Bishop Milner says that 
 the inheritance of Wincliester Castle cer- 
 tainly belonged to Sir Richard Tichborne, 
 who had married Waller's sister. Waller's 
 second wife was the daughter of the 
 Marquis of Winchester. As soon, however, as 
 he had summoned the garrison, the Mayor and 
 Corporation came out and presented him with 
 the keys of the city, declaring their adherence 
 to the cause of the King and Parliament, •' and 
 desiring to be preserved from violence, which 
 they were accordingly."They doubtless shared the 
 opinion that " the battle near Winchester is the 
 greatest wonder that hath happened in our days." 
 Colonel Norton was meanwhile scouring the 
 country at the head of his troopers, and captured 
 without resistance IGO horsemen, who had taken 
 refuge in a wood the night after the battle. 
 Sir William Balfour chased the retreating 
 Royalists as far as Andover, for which town 
 Waller himself was one of the members, and 
 took post there. The officer in charge of the 
 prison at Winchester was so terrified by the news 
 of the disaster at Cheriton that lie opened the 
 prison doors and released tho eighty prisoners 
 who had been taken at Romsey a few days 
 previously. 
 
 Sir William Waller, not thinking it worth 
 while to spend time in the reduction of Win- 
 chester Castle, merely halted to refresh his men, 
 and then hastened towards Salisbury in pursuit 
 of the Royalist cavalry. On liis arrival there he 
 found that he had again failed to meet with 
 Lord Hopton. but he " made all the Cathedral 
 men run for it." Sir William lialfour. who 
 was at Wilton on April 4th. and Waller then 
 sent out detachments on all sides, and thus 
 captured numerous prisoners " in woods and 
 by-housea every day," sometimes securing a 
 whole troop at a time. Sir William Balfour 
 whilst at Andover was informed that Lady 
 Hopton had reached Newbury on her way to 
 join her husband, wlio having received rein- 
 forcements from Oxford, was now engaged in 
 rallying his forces, and was at Marlborough on 
 
 April 6th. Sir William Balfour promptly 
 despatched a party of horse to Newbury, wh< 
 succeeded in surprising Lady Hopton, together 
 with her escort of "JOO men, two coaches, and 
 twelve coach horses. '"Order was given to 
 treat the lady with the respect due to her 
 quality, and she was quickly dismissed, and 
 conveyed to Oxford, being permitted to take 
 with her what plate and jewels properly 
 belonged to her or her attendants, but tiie rest 
 was made prize of." 
 
 Sir William Balfour's letter to the Earl of 
 Essex, describing Cheriton Fight, was read in 
 th-^ House of Commons on Monday. April 1st, 
 1(544, and James Pitsome, or Pattison, and 
 Ralph Norton, the two scouts, wtio brought the 
 intelligence to London, received lU/. each. On 
 tlie following day Sir Arthur Haslerig gave a 
 full account of the matter to the House of 
 Commons. The Lord Mayor of London. John 
 AVollaston. had already directed that Sunday, 
 March 3 1st, was to be observed as a day of 
 solemn thanksgiving by " every minister within 
 the City of London, liberties, lines of communi- 
 cation, and bills of mortality,'' and the House 
 of Commons now ordered that Tuesday. April 
 itth, should be a day of public thanksgiving for 
 the victory in all churches and chapels in 
 London and Westminster, and within the lines 
 of communication. April 14th was to be the 
 Day of Thanksgiving in all provincial churches 
 and chapels on the south side of the Trent, 
 whilst on account of the difficulty of communi- 
 cation. April "JSth was to be the Thanksgiving 
 Day in all parishes north of the Trent. " The 
 printer to bring a convenient number of notices 
 to the members of the House to be sent into 
 the several counties." It was also ordered that 
 on Tuesday, April '.Ith, being the Day of 
 Thanksgiving in the metropolis, every minister 
 should publish the resolution of the Parliament 
 " to draw all their forces together to pursue 
 this victory, and to put it to a day, and to 
 fight with the enemy," so as to put an end to 
 the war. They were also " to exhort the 
 people to contribute to their utmost for the 
 sending forth what possible strength can be 
 had. " A collection was to be made on behalf 
 of "poor maimed soldiers." 
 
 The Rev. Obadiah Sedgwick, H.D., l*astor of 
 Coggeshall. in Essex, preached the thanksgiving 
 sermon before the House of Commons at St. 
 Margaret's Church, Westminster, in the mom-
 
 136 
 
 Ul..l(>|(lN(i3 IN liO.NDdN. 
 
 'ing, choosing as the motto for his discourse 
 I. Sam., vii., 12 : " Hitlu rto hatli the Lord 
 helped us ;" and Hclootiut,' as liis toxt Psalm 
 iii.. 8 : " Salvation bclonyctli unto the Lord. 
 Thy blessing is upon tliy peopU. Selali I" 
 
 "INLaster Thomas Cast:, Prcaclier at Miik- 
 streot, London, and one of the A.ssemhly of 
 Divines," occupied the same pulpit in the 
 afternoon. The motto chosen by him was 
 Psahn i.\., 10: "And they tliat know thy 
 name will put tlieir trust in thee ; for thou, 
 Lord, liast not forsaken tlieni that seek thee !"' 
 and his text was Daniel xi., 32 : " And such as 
 do wickedly against the covenant sliall be 
 corrupt by flatteries ; but the people that do 
 know their God shall be strong, .and do exploits." 
 
 On the same day the preachers received the 
 thanks of the House of Commons at the hands 
 
 of Sir W. Brereton and Sir AV. ilassam, for 
 their sermons, which were ordered trj be printed. 
 We learn from liushworth that on the evening 
 of this eventful April 'Jth then- was a great 
 meeting in the city. " to wliom repaired a Com 
 mittee of Lords and (Jommon."." Speeches were 
 made by the Earl of "Warwick. Sir H. Vane, 
 the Earl of Essex, the Earl of Pembroke, 
 Colonel Ilollis. and Mr. Recorder, who all con- 
 curred in urging tlie speedy raising of men and 
 money for the service of the Parliament, in 
 order that the advantages gained at Cheriton 
 might be improved to the utmost. Put Colonel 
 Ludlow subsequently wrote as follows : — "We 
 were not yet so happy as to improve our advan- 
 tages, by which negligence we got little more 
 than the field and the reputation of the victory."
 
 Chai'tkk XXI. — Dk. Fi i.LKK AM) Ainn Chai'Lains — Tkaitoks at Basing Hoisi; — Thi: 
 Associated Countiks — Wallkk's Srn kss at Christc uirch — Tin: Isi.k or Wight in 
 Dangick — "VValtham Hot si: Taki;n — Recriiting in London — Oimmsition at Win- 
 chester — Affairs at SoLTHA.Mi'ToN, Odiham. Ba.<i\(;, and Sai.isihk^ — Otknim; ok 
 THE Cami'ai(;n of IG-W. 
 
 The Bcattlo of Cheriton would, of itself, have 
 coicmitted Sir William Waller irretrievably to 
 the cause of the Parliament, but long before, in 
 a proclamation of •' grace, favour, and pardon to 
 the inhalntants of his count}- of Southampton," 
 published at Reading on November '2>-ih. 1G42, 
 tlic King had spoken thus : '• Except Sir Thomas 
 Jan'ise, Sir William Waller. Knight.s. iind 
 Richard Norton. Esquire, agiiinst all which we 
 shall (jToceed according to the Rubs of the 
 Law." 
 
 In this hour of their disaster and defeat, 
 Basing House was of great service to the 
 Cavaliers as a rallying point. The " Weekly 
 Accompt,"' published on Wednesday. April K^th, 
 liU4, thus speaks of the retreat from Cheriton : 
 
 •■ We shall find that Sir William Waller, with 
 as much courage as successe, hath pursued his 
 advantages, and forced t)ie Lord Hopton from 
 Winchester to Basing, who cannot but lament 
 his unhappinesse ; our men still pressing on him 
 and gaining ground as he fled bick, until they 
 liad routed the army of his men, and sent out 
 many of his men from the world." 
 
 Sir John Pawlct retired with Lord Hopton to 
 Oxford. Many of the wounded were probably 
 left at Basing Uous<; to receive surgical aid. 
 This is tlie more likely, as Lord Hopton left in 
 the garrison his own Chaplain, who was no other 
 than Dr. Thomas Fuller, the author of " The 
 Worthies of P^ngland." He joined Lord 
 Hopton in the capacity of C"h;iplain to the 
 Forces in KM;}, preached every Sunday to the 
 troops, and wherever the army went made care- 
 ful personal inquiries, to the no small benefit of 
 literature. He was present at Cheriton Figlit, 
 and was, as we have said, left at Babiug House 
 
 when the Royalist forces retreated to Reading 
 and Oxford. He animated the garrison to 
 repulse the assaults of a portion of Waller's 
 army, and seems to have remained some months 
 under the hospitable roof of Lord Winchester, 
 writing of " the trout ;ul streams'" and ' natural 
 commodities" of ILniipshir; . and confessing to 
 some slight interruptions from the noise of the 
 cannon. He thus speaks of Basing House and 
 Bramshill : — 
 
 " As for civil structures. Basing, built by the 
 first Martjuess of Winchester, was the greatest 
 of any subject's house in England, yea. hirger 
 than most (eagh'S have not the biggest nests of 
 all birds) of the King's Palaces. The motto, 
 '|Love Loyaltie' was often written in every 
 window thereof, and was well practised in it 
 when, for resistance on that account, it was 
 lately levelled to the ground. 
 
 "Next Basing. Brainsell, Imilt by the last Lord 
 Zouch in a bleak ami barren place, wasa stately 
 structure, especially before part thereof was 
 defaced with a casual fire." 
 
 In Russell's memorials of Dr. Fuller we are 
 told : " Lord Hopton came to Oxford in Dec, 
 1G43, having already distinguished himsilf. both 
 in and out of the field, as one who could com- 
 mand not only others, but himself. Amongst 
 his chaplains were Fuller and Richard Watson, 
 of Cains College, also an author of several 
 curious collections." Fuller's anonymous 
 biograplier observes of the Lord Hopton : 
 "This noble l^ord, though as courageous and 
 expert a captain, and successful withal as any 
 the King h,ad, was never averse to an amicable 
 closure of the war upon fair and honourable 
 terms, and did therefore well approve of tho
 
 i;w 
 
 TicAiroKS AT Basinc; IIoi.sk. 
 
 Doctor, ami his desires and pursuit after p(;ace. 
 The good Doctor was likowiso infinitely con- 
 tented in his .ittcndarico on suc;h an excellent 
 personaijo, wliose conspi<uons and noted loyalty 
 could not lint derive the same reputation to his 
 retainers.especially one so near liis conscience as 
 his chaplain, and so wipe off the stain which, 
 the mistakes of those men (the zealots, who, 
 with lleylyn, were not satisfied with Fuller's 
 measure of loyalty) had cast upon him." 
 
 Dr. Fuller afterwards rejoined Lord liopton 
 and when that general was driven into Cornwall 
 obtained permission to take refuge at Exeter, 
 where ho resumed his studies, and preached con- 
 stantly to the citizens. 
 
 The army chaplain played no unimportant 
 part in th^' Civil War. 
 
 John Vicars informs us ("Jehovah Jireh," p. 
 2(li)) that at Edge-hill "the reverend and 
 renowned Master Marshall, IMaster Ask, Master 
 Mourton, Masters Obadiah and John Sedgwick, 
 and Master Wilkins, and divers others eminently 
 pious and learned pastors rode up and down the 
 army through the thickest dangers, and in much 
 personal hazard, most faithfully and courageously 
 exhorting and encouraging the soldiers to fight 
 valiantly and not to fly, but now, if ever, to 
 stand to it and fight for their religion and laws!" 
 In U)3;i chaplains attached to the Lord General's 
 train, or as we should now say. to the Staff, 
 received Os. 8d. per diem, but the pay of the 
 preaciier to the train of Artillery was only 3s. 
 per diem. Amongst the officers general of the 
 horse we read of a preacher with a daily stipend 
 of 4s. On Monday, May 6th, 1644, the House 
 of Commons increased the pay of all chaplains 
 serving with the armies of the Parliament to 
 Hs. per diem, but on February 27th, 16.59, we 
 learn that "the preacher was one of the field and 
 staff oflScers of a regiment of Foot," and was 
 paid 6s. 8d. per diem. 
 
 The defeat at Cheriton sorely discouraged 
 the little garrison at Basing, some of whom 
 grew weary of further resistance. A plot was 
 formed within the walls to surrender the 
 fortress to Sir William Waller, with whom a 
 correspondence was carried on by " the Lord 
 Edward Pawlet, brother to the Marquis of Win- 
 chester, and then with him as unsuspected as a 
 brother ought to be." Everything was arranged, 
 and Sir Richard Granville, who had been after 
 Cheriton Fight appointed by Waller to command 
 his cavalry, " was sent before with a body of the 
 
 horse, that all things might lie well disposed and 
 prep irod against the time Waller him.self should 
 come tohim. lie appointed a rendezvous for the 
 horse at Bagshot, and the same day marched 
 out of London only with his equipage, which 
 was very noble, a coach and six hor.ses, a waggon 
 and six horses, many led horses, and many 
 servants. With tho.se, when he came to Staines, 
 he left the Magshot-road. and marched directly 
 to Heading, where the King's garri.son then 
 was ; and thence, without delay, to Oxford, 
 where he was very graciously received by the 
 King, and the more because he was not expected. 
 He communicated then to the King the whole 
 design of the surprise of Basing ; upon which 
 the King sent an express immediately to the 
 Marquis with all the particular informations ; 
 who thereupon seized upon his brother and the 
 other conspirators, who confessed all, with 
 all the circumstances of the correspondence 
 and combination. The Marquis prevailed with 
 the King that he might only turn his brother 
 out of the garrison, after justice was done upon 
 his complices. This very happy and seasonable 
 discovery preserved that important place, which 
 without it had infallil)ly been lost within few 
 days." So speaks Clarendon. Lord Edward 
 paid dearly for his share in the plot, and the 
 name of Edward has never since been borne by 
 any of his family. The Marquis seems to have 
 been stern enough in his punishment of his 
 brother, having apparently compelled him to 
 act as the executioner of his accomplices and 
 of all criminals belonging to the garrison, for in 
 the most complete list of the prisoners taken at 
 Basing House which has been preserved, we 
 find this terrible entry, " Edward Pawlet, the 
 hangman." The subject is a painful one, and 
 nothing but stern duty as an impartial chroni- 
 cler induces me to refer to it. 
 
 On Saturday, March 30th, 1644, the day after 
 Cheriton Fight, the House of Commons ordered 
 that 3000 foot, I'ioO horse, and 500 dragoons 
 should be raised and maintained for Sir William 
 Waller in the four associated counties of Kent, 
 Surrey, Hants, and Sussex. Hampshire, in 
 which the Isle of Wight was on this occasion 
 not included, was ordered to pay a weekly 
 assessment of 6Si^l. 16s. This payment was to 
 begin from the 10th of February, 1644, and to 
 continue for four months at least. The ordi- 
 nance states that a considerable portion of these 
 troops had been already raised, " and whereas
 
 W.VM.KH's SuCCE.5S at ClIRISTCmKCH. 
 
 139 
 
 the said counties have bought many arms and 
 ammunition, and must buy many more, and 
 must be at great charge in raising, maintaining, 
 and recruiting the said forces, making and 
 erecting of fortifications, magazines, courts of 
 guard, Sic.,'' it was ordered that all monies 
 levied in Hants and Sussex on the estates of 
 Papists and delinquents, and two-thirds of all 
 monies paid to the County Treasurer, were to 
 be devoted to the discharge of these liabilities. 
 The whole weekly amount to be raised in the 
 four counties for the raising and maintenance 
 of the Association forces was to be ■2(!;58/. Is. Gd. 
 Kent was to pay a weekly sum of l)3l)/. Ifis. ; 
 Surrej', witli the exception of South wark, 
 and the lines of communication, as the defences 
 of London were styled, paid 34.')/. 13s. 6d. per 
 Aveek, whilst the contribution of Sussex for the 
 period was ((■^1)/. 16s. The Committee charged 
 with the sequestration of the estates of d'.lin- 
 qnents was urged to be active ami diligent in 
 the good work of raising funds at the expense 
 of til" friends of the King. Sir William "Waller 
 was styled Sergeant-Major-General under the 
 Earl of Essex. This weekly assessment was.in point 
 of fact, continued for a mucli longer period than 
 the four months during which it was originally 
 imposed, and was renewed on ."aturday. June 
 loth. 1044. All officers and men belonging to 
 the associated forces of the four counties were 
 to subscribe the Solemn League and Covenant on 
 enlistment. Officers were to make good 
 any horses or arms which might be 
 embezzled or lost in any way ex(X'pt in 
 actual warfare. No free quarter was to be 
 permitted, and the Association regiments were 
 not to march beyond the limits of the four 
 counties without the consent of Sir William 
 Waller and of a Committee. A liberal scale of 
 pay was laid down, but with the understanding 
 that all officers whose pay amounted to lO.s. per 
 diem were only to receive half that amount until 
 the close of the war, whilst those whose pay 
 was fts. per diem were likewise obliged to look 
 upon Is. Hd. of that amount as deferred pay. 
 
 Leaving Winchester Ca.stlc with its small 
 Cavalier garrison unassailed for the present, 
 Sir William Waller, accompanied by Sir Wil- 
 liam lialfour and his vit-torions 4l) (I horse and 
 dragoons, made a rapid southward march from 
 Cheriton and Alresford. lie was reinforced 
 from Poole and by the garrison of Southampton, 
 under the command of Colonel Norton, and on 
 
 his arrival at Salisbury "made all the 
 Cathedral men run for it." Steadily follow- 
 ing up the pursuit. Waller and Bal- 
 four fell upon a regiment of Cavalier 
 horse and lOO foot, who had attempted to rally 
 near Whitchurch, in the neighbourhood of Dor- 
 chester, routed them, and chasjd them as far as 
 Weymouth, with the loss of many killed, some 
 of whom were men of note. Three hundred 
 prisoners were taken, TD of whom were officers 
 and gentlemen, together with ."((HJ arms. Kent 
 was sending to Waller "JOO horse and 3n() foot. 
 Other troops were to follow these, not only from 
 Kent but also from the other associated 
 counties. Continuing his westward march, Sir 
 William Waller despatched a body of lOUO 
 horse and dragoons, with orders to relieve the 
 towns of Poole and Lyme Regis, which were in 
 danger of capture l)y the Cavaliers, to d'ar the 
 county of any hostile for.c. and afterwards to 
 march and occupy Weymouth. These orders 
 were successfully execu'ed by this force of 
 cavalry, which, according to another account, 
 was 2(JU() strong. It also gained an important 
 success at Christchurch. 
 
 Sir John Mills, the Governor, had summoned 
 several Royalist Commissioners of Array to 
 meet in consultation as to the best means of 
 recruiting Lord Hopton's army. Waller's 
 cavalry arrived unexpectedly, and, as he himself 
 stated, in his letter to the Parliament written 
 from Ringwood on April ."ith. 1(')44, captured 
 the whole of the assembled Cavaliers '• without 
 striking a stroke." One hundred horses, 4!)0 
 infantry, and more than that number of arms 
 rewarded the victors. The prisoners were sent 
 under escort to the town of Poole. One hun- 
 dred of tliem are said to have been gentlemen 
 of position, and "a valiant Lady Captain," who 
 is elsewhere styled " the cornet or captain of 
 the oyster women petitioners to Parliament." 
 was detained in custody. 
 
 One writer says that "twenty-two Commis- 
 sioners of Array for Hopton. and Royalist 
 gentlemen of Hants and Wilts, as well as '2M 
 brave horses," were captured. Amongst the 
 offi ers were Colonel Sir John Mills, .Sir John 
 Stowell, Mr. Coventry, Lieut. -Colonels God- 
 dard and Pauiet. Sergeant-Major (/.<>.. Major) 
 Turney, Captains Gogill, IVIill, and Barrow ; 
 Captain-Lieutenant Shelling ; LieutenantH 
 Willi.s, Hitchcocke, Jenkins, I'hilpott. Harvey, 
 two Lewins, Cockeram, and Scullard ; Cornets
 
 140 
 
 Isi,K <»!■ Wuuir IN I)an(;i:k. 
 
 Lnno, Johnson. Maily, and Thorneburgh ; 
 Quartorm.istois (Joinplin, CrottH, Egorloy, and 
 Logato ; Maishall lliclKiid Mirhael ; Dr. Thorn- 
 bury ; Mr. Todd, (;a|)taino ; (Icntlcmon in 
 ranks, Messrs. Worsleys (two), Tliornburnes 
 (two), Lovcll. Jenkins. Fitcli, Heiuockc, and 
 Cockos ; also, "' i\Ir. Imbor, raini.ster, wlio was 
 plundorod and imprisoned." Mr. Todd is, in 
 another account, said to have been not a captain, 
 but a chaplain. Two centuries ago the respec- 
 tive duties of captains and chaplains were often 
 easily amalgamated. 
 
 Christchurcli Castle, near the church on the 
 N.E., close to tlie Avon, was probably built by 
 Richard de Rodvers. Some ruins of the keep, 
 and also of a stone building about a hundred 
 yards to the eastward still remain. 'J'he latter, 
 the walls of wliich are of considerable thick- 
 ness, was probably the liall of the Constable or 
 Governor, whose yearly fee in lo.ot) was SZ. ils.Od. 
 The keep stood upon an artificial mound about 
 twenty feet in height. Portions of its eastern 
 and western walls remain. Tlio walls of the 
 castle arc in some places twelve feet in thick- 
 ness, but the whole structure was probably dis- 
 mantled about the year 1 606, when Sir Henry 
 Wallop, second of the name, had been 
 High Constable. Tl;c havoc wrouglit in the 
 Priory, of which, as elsewhere, Cromwell bears 
 the blame, may perchance have been wrought 
 by Waller and Balfour's troopers after this 
 victory at Christchurch in 1644. 
 
 The Isle of Wight now gave proofs of its 
 devotion to the cause of the Parliament, sending 
 abundance of corn, butter, cheese, and other 
 provisions to Southampton for the supply of 
 Waller's army, and refusing to receive any pay- 
 ment for them. A welcome reinforcement of 
 300 men was likewise sent to swell the Puritan 
 ranks. Mr. Lisle, the well-known member for 
 Winchester, was, on April )~ith, directed by the 
 House of Commons " to bring in a letter of 
 thanks to be written to the inhabitants of the 
 Isle of Wight for their forwardness in sending 
 provisions to Sir William AValler's army." On 
 the same day the Lieutenant of the Ordnance 
 was directed to forward to Waller " one hundred 
 barrels of powder, match, and bullet propor- 
 tionable." 
 
 But on April 17th the Earl of Pembroke 
 addressed a very strong remonstrance to Par- 
 liament, stating that the Isle of Wight was in 
 great danger, the town of Wareham, in Dorset- 
 
 shire, having been taken by the King's forccH. 
 He complained also that Colonel Came, the 
 Deputy-(iovernor, was detained in London, 
 awaiting examination as to whether he had not 
 discountenanced tho.sc who were well alftcted 
 to the Parliam'jnt, and countenanced the Malig 
 
 : nants or Royalists, and asked that the Colonel 
 might bo either acquitted or sentenced, and 
 
 j that in any case precautions might be taken 
 
 I for the defence of the Island. 
 
 j This remonstrance was supported Ijy a numer 
 
 I ously-signed petition from the inhabitants of 
 the Island, dated at Newport, on April '.iOth, 
 which declared that Colonel Came was wanted 
 at his post at once. The House of Commons 
 thereupon took the matter into consideration 
 on April 24th. with the result that Colonel 
 Carne was acquitted of the two charges brought 
 against him by majorities of 21 and 20 votes 
 respectively. The Isle of AVight petitioners 
 further requested that monies might not be 
 collected in the Island by strangers. " but by 
 .some of our own honest country gentlemen," 
 that the Island Militia should be reduced to 
 three companies at most, and that "the present 
 ofiBcers, who are much beloved,' might retain 
 their commands. They asked that the new 
 excise duties levied in the Island might be 
 expended upon the local forces and garrisons, 
 as they were in dread of an invasion on behalf 
 of the King from Spain and elsewhere. They 
 begged for an issue of at least 2(i0 barrels of 
 powder, warlike stores, and more especially 
 swords^ there being none of these weapons in 
 store. They were also urgent that the Earl of 
 Pembroke, who was the Lord Lieutenant, 
 should pay them a visit, '' though it was but 
 for one week, for the better establishing of 
 peace and quietness." 
 
 The Island can scarcely have been in the 
 spring of 1644 a desirable sea side residence ! 
 
 On Friday, April oth. Colonel Jonas Van 
 Druschke, " colonel over a regiment of horse, 
 under Sir William Waller," of whom we have 
 heard before, presented a petition informing 
 the House " of his long sickness by reason of 
 his great wounds." He had. however, recovered, 
 and was " desirous to go again to his charge if 
 he had part of his arrears." His request was 
 granted, and on April 17th it was also ordered 
 that a sum of 30/., belonging to a person named 
 Brasier, which had been seized bytheCommittee 
 for Examinations, as being intended to be con-
 
 Waltham Housk Taken. 
 
 141 
 
 veyed together with other property to Oxford, 
 should be paid by Sir Arthur Haslerig and Sir 
 Philip Stapleton to Captain Fleming, who 
 probably belonged to the family at North Stone- 
 ham, and wlio had been wounded at Cheiiton 
 Fight. From this grant being paid through Sir 
 Arthur Haslerig and Sir Philip Stapleton, 
 who were both distinguished cavalry officers, it 
 is probable that the recipient was Christopher 
 Fleming, Esq., afterwards captain and adjutant 
 general of horse, who fell during the siege of 
 Oxford in 1G44. Another Colonel Fleming was 
 appointed Governor of Pembroke Castle in 1047, 
 and Sir Oliver Fleming was on November 2nd, 
 1643, appointed by the Parliament as their 
 Master of the Ceremonies. Mr. Brasier, how- 
 ever, stoutly denied the justice of the confisca- 
 tion of his ;}<)/., and he was ordered to be com- 
 pensated if he succeeded in proving his case. 
 Sir William Waller about this time bought in 
 London 30'V. worth of confiscated Royalist pro- 
 perty, wliich he afterwards conveyed to Holland, 
 and on which, as he in his " Vindication" takes 
 great pains to prove, he paid all lawful tolls 
 and excise duty. 
 
 Even before the great day of Cheriton Fight 
 the London Brigade under the command of 
 Major-General Browne had been anxious to 
 return home, and after the defeat of Lord 
 Hopton, the Londoners refused to serve any 
 longer for the present. Clarendon says, in his 
 account of Cheriton Fight, ''There could not 
 then be any other estimate made of the loss 
 Waller sustained, than by the not pursuing the 
 visible advantage he had, and by the utter 
 refusal of the Auxiliary Regiments of London 
 and Kent to march farther, who, within three 
 or four days left him, and returned to thsir 
 habitations, with great lamentations of their 
 friends who were missing." These Kentish 
 Auxiliaries were probably under the command 
 of Colonels Head, Dixie, and Sir Miles Livesay. 
 
 The Londoners, before they returned home, 
 did good service for the Parliament. They 
 marched under the command of Major-General 
 Browne, from Soutliampton, intending to pro- 
 ceed to Wareham, in Dorsetshire. But they seem 
 to have first proceeded to the eastward, through 
 Botley, to the little villacre of Wickham. 
 Intelligence reached them there that Colonel 
 Whitehead, M.P. for Soutliampton, with a force 
 of 200 men, was besieging an equal number of 
 Cavaliers, commanded by Colonel Bennet, at 
 
 Bishop's Waltham, in the stately palace belong- 
 ing to the Bishop of Winchester, then known 
 as Waltham-house, and of which the stately ivy- 
 grown ruins now arrest the attention of even 
 the most heedless pas.ser-by. Bishop Robert 
 Poynet, the successor of Bishop Gardiner in the 
 see of Winchester, surrendered the palace and 
 manor to John, first Marquis of Winchester, 
 who in his turn was obliged in the reign of 
 Queen Mary to restore the property to its 
 former episcopal owner. Hearing of the 
 proximity of the London Brigade, Colonel 
 Whitehead asked for and readily obtained 
 assistance from its commander. Major General 
 Browne marched from the village, wherein 
 William of Wykeham was born, to destroy the 
 stately palace in which, in a good old age. that 
 never-to-be-forgotten prelate gently breathed 
 his last. On his arrival he placed his guns in 
 position, and local tradition asserts that they 
 fired many rounds before the besieged consented 
 to treat for a surrender, which they at length 
 did when they perceived that every prepara- 
 tion had been made for an assault. 
 
 The duration of Colonel Whitehead's opera- 
 tions against the garrison is unknown, but the 
 London Brigade i-eached Bishop's Waltham on 
 April 6th, and the capitulation was signed on 
 April 9th. The conditions agreed to were 
 '• That the commanders and officers then in the 
 house might pass away with their horses, and 
 their swords by their sides, and the common 
 soldiers only with a rod or staff in their hands." 
 The garrison left all their arms and ammunition 
 to the victors, who permitted their soldiers to 
 treat the whole contents of the pilice as com- 
 mon plunder. One writer says that one hundred 
 of the garrison were detained in captivity. 
 ''Mercurius Aulicus" says that the rebels 
 obtained only 42 muskets, no pikes, powder- 
 barrels, guns, or baggage, and not much besides 
 soldiers' clothes, to secure wliich tliey stripped 
 the garrison to their shirts in a field near 
 the palace. 
 
 On the other hand, we have it on record 
 that the articles of surrender were so strictly 
 observed that a soldier who had taken a poleaxe 
 from Colonel Bennet, who commanded the gar- 
 rison, received orders from Major-General 
 Browne to immediately restore it. Local tradi- 
 tion siys that Bishop Curie was in the palace 
 during the siege, and succeeded in escaping in a 
 cart, a layer of manure being placed over him.
 
 142 
 
 Ri;i i{i iiiNc; IN Fj(iM>()N. 
 
 Piossor saya tliat a folio black-letter l?il)le, 
 printed in 1 (J 115, with the arms of King Jainos J. 
 on tlie cover, and having a manuscript inscrip- 
 tion tliat it iiad " conio out of the Plaoe-houso," 
 was formerly preserved at Bisiiop's Waltham. 
 Much bacon was found by the victors, who 
 asserted that the place " had been a plundering 
 garrison." After the division of the spoil, the 
 London Brigade m;irched away. leaving "Colonel 
 Whitehead to pull down tlie house if he chose." 
 
 On Thursday, April Iltii, wo road "Waltham 
 House in ashes. Poor England, the glory of 
 the nations, now growing into a wilderness !" 
 
 The Manor of Bishop's Waltham was 
 seciuestered.andinthe year 1G4() was sold by the 
 Parliament to Robert Reynolds, Esq., for the 
 sum of 79'Ji)/. Us. UHd. ' Mr. IMoody, in his 
 antiquarian sketches of Hampshire (p. 307) says 
 Grose, the antiquarian, who visited \Valtham 
 soon after the Restoration, thus describes the 
 palace : — " Its area waa in its figure a right 
 angled parallelogram, the four sides nearly 
 fronting the four cardinal points, its east and 
 west sides measuring 30()ft., and its north and 
 south sides IHOft. It consisted of two courts, one 
 of which, the outer or northern court, was con- 
 siderably the largest. The entrance was near 
 the northern end of the west side. Through 
 this lodge were the servants' offices and lodging 
 rooms, with the gate leading to the second or 
 inner court. On the west side was a great hall, 
 lighted by five noble Gothic windows : its length 
 was Gtjft. by 27ft., and its height was 25ft. At the 
 south end of this room wore niches for seats 
 or statues. Near this spot was a double row 
 of pilasters, now almost covered with rubbish, 
 which seem to have supported some arches. 
 Opposite, on the east side of the court, was a 
 chapel of the same dimensions as the hall. The 
 north aisle had probably a cloister, and over it 
 lodging-i-ooms, or a long gallery. The south 
 aisle was seemingly the body ot the house, the 
 rooms of which are said to have been from 20 to 
 22 feet high. On the angles, made by the con- 
 currence of this side with those of the east 
 and west, were two square towers, part only 
 of one on the south-west angle is remaining ; 
 the other is entirely down ; each of its sides 
 measures 17 feet. All the outer walls were six. 
 and the inner walls four feet thick. Most of 
 them have been pulled down and carried away 
 for the sake of the materials. On the west side 
 ran a ditch 2;") feet wide, between which and the 
 
 wall was a walk. About 4l) foot of the ditch 
 formed a large pond, which is said formerly to 
 have boon nearly half a mile long and a furlong 
 broad ; and to the east of the house are two 
 large gardens, walled around with brick, and the 
 remains of two lodges." 
 
 Mr. Moody continues : " For two centuries 
 those interesting remains have sufiEerod equally 
 from the ravages of time and the cupidity of 
 man, but they still arrest the eye of the stranger 
 and afford contemplation and study to the 
 antiquarian. A portion of them, .supposed to 
 h.ive been the offices, is now used as a barn. 
 The great hall, in the second or inner court, the 
 front wall of winch remains almost entire, was 
 Gij feet in length, 27 in width, and 2.0 foot high, 
 and was lighted by five large windows of mag- 
 nificent proportions, now mantled with ivy. 
 Besides the hall, there are the remains of a 
 tower,! 7 feet square,in the southern end of which 
 may be discerned traces of the minstrel gallery, 
 and at the south-west corner a curious corbel 
 remains, which supported its part of the framed 
 timber roof. In the front of the building there 
 is a large sheet of water, artificially formed for 
 the necessary supply of fish at the palace in 
 Catholic times ; and into it several small .streams 
 pour their water, and from it issues the river, 
 which, passing through Durley and Botley, dis- 
 charges itself into the Southampton estuary" 
 near Bursledon." 
 
 Great exertions were made in London to fill 
 up the gaps made in AValler's army by disease, 
 battle, and the departure of the London and 
 Kentish auxiliaries. On Saturday, April the 
 6th, the Committee of Both Kingdoms received 
 orders " to send away such forces as now are, 
 or .speedily maj' be ready, to Sir William Waller, 
 as the King is drawing all his forces against Sir 
 William Waller, and is going in person with 
 them." Two days afterwards it was decided tliat 
 the Committee of Militia of the City of London 
 might send out to any destination or recall the 
 Trained Band Regiments at pleasuie. imposing 
 " reasonable fines" upon officers or soldiers who 
 refused to march, the Parliament undertaking 
 to give the men when on service the pay of 
 regular troops. On Saturday, April l?Ah, Mr. 
 Ellis reported that the Committee of Militia 
 had sent the two City Regiment.-^ to reinforce 
 Waller, that the Westminster Regiment was to 
 follow, that three other regiments would reach 
 the rendezvous at the appointed time, and that
 
 Opposition at Winchester. 
 
 143 
 
 even then there would remain '* three more 
 regiments to be drawn forth as a reserve." 
 These London Regiments were each about lOUD 
 strong, and had already displayed great courage 
 and endurance at the first Battle of Newbury, 
 which was fought on September 2(tth, 1643. 
 
 Tlie county of Kent iiad sont 4()0 additional 
 horse and a regiment of foot to reinforce Waller, 
 and Colonel Harvey, the former assailant of 
 Basing House, was, with his regiment, to receive 
 a month's pay and to march in the same direc- 
 tion. The train of artillery was likewise to 
 receive a month's pay and to march, as were 
 also Lord Gray's Regiment of Horse, and the 
 Hertfordshire regiment, which was 70') strong. 
 The Earl of Manchester's horse had already set 
 out for the rendezvous, so that Essex, Man- 
 chester, and Waller were all expected speedily 
 to be in a position to act with vigour. A sum 
 of 1700/. was voted for powder for the army of 
 the Earl of Essex. This force was to consist of 
 7r>00 infantry, besides officers, forming in all 
 seven regiments. The General's own regiment 
 was to be 15(10 strong, and the other six 1000 
 each. Every regiment was to be composed of 
 eight companies and no more. Essex's cavalry 
 was to muster 300( > men besides officers, arranged 
 in six regiments of 500 each. Six troops made 
 up a regiment. The Colonel's troop was to be 
 100 strong, and the remaining five were to be 80 
 in number. There was to l)e also " a suitable 
 train of artillery." The cost of maintaining 
 this army was to be 35,504?. per month, and was 
 to be provided by means of Excise duties. 
 Essex, whose headquarters were alternately at 
 Windsor and St. Albans, was now recruiting 
 diligently. 
 
 Sir William Waller was about this time dis- 
 playing considerable personal activity. On 
 March "J'Jth he gained a great victory at 
 Cheriton, on April 5th he wasat Ringwood,and 
 a day or two afterwards at Romsey. On April 
 8th he was meting out chastisement to the city 
 of Winchester, and on the following day we 
 hear of him at Andover. On the 11th he was 
 .at Bishop's Waltham urgently demanding stores 
 from the Committee of tlie West, and on the 
 17th we find him at Farnham. 
 
 It will be remembered that after Cheriton 
 Fight the safe keeping of Winchester Castle 
 had been entrusted by Lord Hopton to a slender 
 garrison, Avho were for the most part Irish- 
 men. Lord Hopton was reported to have 
 
 reached Oxford, suffering from a bullet 
 wound in the back, received either at 
 Cheriton or during the subsequent retreat. 
 But early in the month of Aprd, 1(344, 
 information reached the loyal Mayor of Win- 
 chester that the King in person was marching 
 towards the city at the head of a large force, and 
 that Lord Hopton 's army had been largely 
 recruited. The loyal citizens flew to arras, 
 attacked, disarmed, and impiisoned the 100 men 
 whom Waller had left to observe tlie movements 
 of the Cavaliers, who occupied the Castle. News 
 of these proceedings speeddy reached Romsey, 
 where Sir William Waller then was, together 
 with tlio intelligence that the C.ivalier garrison 
 of the Castle " were received into the town and 
 billeted there." The Parliamentarian General, 
 who, in the opinion of his own party, had 
 hitherto treated Winchester too leniently, at 
 once marched thither from Romsey with a por- 
 tion of his army on Monday, April Sth, 1(144. 
 On his arrival he found tiie gates closed against 
 him. After marching round the city, and being 
 denied admission ;it all points of ingress, he blew 
 open one of the gates, the position of which is 
 unfortunately not stated, with a petard, and 
 '• entered by force, which occasioned great 
 damage to the inhabitants, by the unrulj' soldiers, 
 who could not be restrained from plundering."* 
 They also released their comrades wlio had been 
 imprisoned by the citizens, took iOOOarms, as 
 well .as lOti Cavalier prisoners, both officers and 
 men, and refreshed themselves at the expense of 
 the city. On the following day Sir William Wal- 
 ler had reached Andover, from which place he 
 marched by way of Bishop's Waltham ( April 
 11th) to Farnham. 
 
 On Tuesday, April l()th, an ordinance was 
 read in the House of Commons, for the associa- 
 tion of Wilts, Hants, Berks, and some of the 
 western counties. " Mercurius Aulicus " two 
 d.ays previously stated tliat at Southampton two 
 of the Parliamentary Committee in that town, 
 named Mercer (a native of Dunkirk) and Legay 
 (a Walloon), having seen some boys pLaying at 
 being Hoptonians and Rotindhe.ads, had taken 
 measures to have the urchins well whipped, and 
 afterwards sent to the workhouse. It is some- 
 what remarkable that Messrs. fiercer and Legay, 
 who were both active assistants of Governor 
 Murford at Southampton, are mentioned as being 
 foreigners by birth, and that " the good old 
 mayor, a very ancient man," was a native of
 
 144 
 
 Skirmishes. 
 
 Jersey. Sir Arthur Ilaslerig wasnow (Jovornor 
 of Southampton, and Colom-1 Norton was acting 
 as Major (iciu-ral of Ilor.sc undor Sir William 
 Waller. On April Jtlth, 1 04 1, lie was at the head 
 of H(H) cavalry, whom he had himself raised, but 
 on tlie l.")th of the following month he presented 
 a iuiml)le petition to Parliament, " desiring pay 
 for iiissnldicrs.whohave received very little since 
 their lirst entertainment." A sum of 2i 00/. 
 was granted out of the revenues of the 
 Court of Wards towards the payment 
 of these arrears. On Thursday, April 
 2f>th, money was sent by the I'arliament to 
 Major Beare, who was at the head of 400 horse 
 in the neighbourhood of Southampton. This 
 officer, who is elsewheie styled Colonel, and not 
 Major, had been lent with the force under his 
 command by the Earl of Essex to Sir William 
 \^^aller, who, before April 17th, had reached 
 Farnham, where he was joined by Lady Waller, 
 who seems to have sometimes preached to the 
 soldiers, if the satirical remarks of the Cavalier 
 journals are in any degree founded on fact. 
 Some of Waller's troops were posted at Odiham, 
 and others at Alton, witli a view to check the 
 forays ot the garrison of Basing House. 
 
 On April IGth a party of his cavalry attacked 
 a Cavalier outpost at Sonning, in the neighbour- 
 hood of Reading, taking prisoners two lieutcn- | 
 ant-colonels, three captains, divers other officers, 
 twenty-one soldiers, together with their arms, 
 and forty horses. In his letter, describing this 
 affair, which was dated from Farnham, on 
 April 16th, 1644, Waller begs for a supply of 
 money and stores. He renews this application 
 on April 27th and 29th, and also on May 2nd, 
 until at length on May .')th a Committee of 
 Parliament assembled to devise means for the 
 regular payment of his army, md to order Cols. 
 Stroud, Pync, and Popham to join him at once. 
 On April 17th Waller said that the City Regi- 
 ments were quartered in and about Farnham, 
 and that he expected four troops of Kentish 
 horse to effect a junction with him on the 
 morrow. On April 20tli a muster of his whole 
 force near Farnham showed that he was at the 
 head of 10,000 men. 
 
 On April 20th ten troopers were towards 
 evening sent to Odiham, wliercupon a party of 
 Cavaliers, stated by a hostile writer to have been 
 100 strong, fell back upon their main body, 
 which had taken post nearer to Basing House. 
 
 The Roundheads pursued them, capturing '-one, 
 who was the worst horsed." 
 
 Some of Prince Maurice's troops were said to 
 be in tlio ncighl>f)urhood of .Salisbury. 
 
 On Monday, Aoril 22nd, Mr. Boate, one of 
 the Master Shipwrights of Portsmouth, was, 
 with certain others, placed on the li.st of " the 
 Commi.ssioners and Master .Shipwrights for the 
 felling of the timber of Delinquents for the use 
 of the Navy," and three days afterwards the 
 House of Commons granted '' 100/. worth of 
 books out of the particular and private study of 
 the Archbishop of Canterbury" (Laud) to 
 Chaplain Hugh Peters, whom we shall meet 
 hereafter at Winchester and Basing House. 
 
 On Wednesday, April 24ih. Sir William 
 Waller having received intelligence of a large 
 convoy of provisions and much cattle destined 
 for Basing House, sent out a party ol' horse, who 
 intercepted it, and captured a master gunner, 
 three sergeants, three corporals, forty soldiers, 
 " one thousand sheep and other fat cattle," 
 and some contribution money intended for the 
 pay of the garrison. 
 
 Waller was by no means inclined to leave 
 Basing House in peace. The Diary of the 
 Siege says : — 
 
 "The ensuing spring (1644) the rebels, as 
 well consulting the importance of the place* 
 as the injuries suffered by it both in their trade 
 and force, resolve, having before assayed it by 
 surprise and storm, to try by starving it. to 
 which their armies' six weeks quartering at 
 Farnham. Odiham. Grewell, and Basingstoke 
 was a preparative, harrowing the countrj- round 
 about until their march to Oxford."" This plan 
 of operations was similar to that pursued in the 
 following year. 
 
 About the middle of April the King, believing 
 that Waller intended to march into the western 
 counties, mustered an army in person at Marl- 
 borough, consisting of 6000 foot, and more than 
 4000 horse, which remained inactive for some 
 weeks, vigilantly observing Waller's every 
 movement. 
 
 Finding, however, that recruiting in London 
 was going on vigorously, and that neither Essex 
 nor Waller would be able to march until they 
 were strongly reinforced, the Royal army 
 advanced to Newbury, where it remained for 
 nearly a month, observing the enemys motions.
 
 SiRPRisE AT Salisbury. 
 
 145 
 
 and ready to succour either Reading or Walling- 
 ford, in case of need. 
 
 On Friday, May 3rd, Sir W. Waller received 
 a welcome supply of 300UZ., and four days 
 afterwards he cut off some stragglers from 
 Basing House, recovering some contribution 
 money which the Cavaliers had collected from 
 the neighbouihood,and making prisoners of about 
 twelve horses and their riders, most of whom 
 were officers, one being " Captain RosewcU, 
 sometime apothecary in the Old Bailey." 
 
 Captain Rosewell was speedily conveyed to 
 Farnham Castle, where he fared but badly. 
 "McrcuriusAulicu.s"' says on July Gth, 1644, " 'Tis 
 true the rebells are most revengeful against 
 Basing, as appears by their usage of Captain 
 Rosewell, who (because he belonged to the 
 garrison of Basing) was clapt up in prison in 
 Farnham Castle, and there lodged in so noysome 
 a hole (the rebels made it so) as 'tis not 
 conceivable how a man should breathe in it 
 above two houres." 
 
 On May iltli the Speaker wrote to the Sussex 
 Committee, requesting that the county regiment 
 of the Association raiglit march to reinforce 
 Waller. Military arrangements were not always 
 perfect even in '' the good old times." All 
 London had long been preparing for the expedi- 
 tions of Essex and Waller, but it was at the last 
 moment discovered that " provision was wanted 
 for roundshot,f or demi-culverin,sacre and minion, 
 hand granadoes and granadoesfor mortar-pieces." 
 The Grcncral of the Ordnance was not unreason- 
 ably called upon to state his reasons in writing 
 '• why in all tliis time notice was not given to the 
 Office of the Ordnance to make this provision." 
 
 On Friday, May 10th, Waller's men had 
 another skirmish with foragers from Basing 
 House, with unrecorded result, and on the same 
 day Salisbury was the scene of strife. 
 
 Either two troops or four hundred horse (so 
 greatly do accounts vary) of Prince Maurice's 
 army were known to be at Salisbury, and 120 
 horsemen from Southampton, many of whom 
 were natives of Salisbury, and. therefore, well 
 acquainted witli th- posts of the various 
 sentries, reached the city between two and three 
 o'clock in the morning of Friday, May lijth. 
 There were only thirty or forty Cavaliers left 
 in Salisbury, the rest having gone on an expedi- 
 tion to levy contribution money from tlie nciah- 
 bourhood. A sentry gave the alarm, and killed 
 one of the assailants, but the attack was never- 
 
 theless a complete success. A captain was 
 rou.sed from his slumbers to find himself a pri- 
 soner, together with fifteen of his comrades, 
 some of whom were men of considerable posi- 
 tion and influence. Tiie rest of the Cavaliers 
 beat a hasty retreat from the city. The victors, 
 who secured a good deal of valuable booty, 
 losing only the one man who was killed by the 
 sentry, retired unmolested with their prisoners 
 to Southampton. On Tuesday, May 14th, Col. 
 Jephson, M.P. for Stockbridge, was appointed 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth under the 
 Earl of Essex, and five days previously an ordi- 
 nance of the House of Commons had directed 
 the Tower Hamlets, Westminster, and South - 
 wark regiments, ;» mounting in all to 4"2.0 men, 
 to march with anus, guns, ammunition, and 
 carriages to join Sir William AValler. Three 
 other regiments, ''raised in Lonlmi and the 
 libeities,"' .also numbering 4:^01) men, were to be 
 placed under the orders of the Earl of Essex. 
 Whilst on service they wen- to be paid by the 
 Parliament. On Wednesday, May lijth, the 
 Parliament ordered these regiments to be ready 
 to march at two hours" warning, and, in fact, 
 Sir William Waller in the course of the day 
 marched with them to Farnham, where his 
 army, which until a few days had been posted 
 in detachments extending from Farnham to 
 Chichester, was now concentrated. Deserters 
 from the City Regiments were ordered to be 
 arrested and to be forwarded to their respective 
 corps for punishment. Careful watch and ward 
 was to be maintained in London alter the 
 departure of the troops. On Monday, May 
 13th, a supply of "knapsacks, shirts, shoes, 
 and coats" was ordered bj- the Parliament to 
 be sent to the garrison of Gloucester. So that 
 the knapsack can claim a respectable antiquity 
 of two centuries at least. It is also about this 
 time called a "snapsack," which, perchance, 
 throws eight on t. e etymology of this useful, 
 but, on a long march, ponderous article. 
 
 The Royal army had now been quartered at 
 and about Newbury for more than three weeks, 
 without having received any accession of strength 
 since the King had reviewed it at Marlborough, 
 about the middle of April, when it could muster 
 6000 foot and more than 4000 horse. Finding 
 that the Earl of Essex had marchfd out of Lon- 
 don with his army to AVind.sor, and that Waller 
 had proceeded to the parts between Hartford 
 Bridge and Basing, without any purpose of going
 
 146 
 
 Tin; Cami'akjn Mixwns. 
 
 further west, the King's array marched to Read- 
 inj?. and. in tlireo days, His Majesty Ixiincj pre- 
 sent , tlioy sli'^'hted and domolishod all the works 
 ol" that garrison, and then, which was about the 
 middle of May. with the addition of tlioso sol- 
 diers, wliich increased the army 'JoOO old soldiers 
 more, very well oIKeercd, the army retired to the 
 quartorsabout Oxford, with an opinion that it 
 would be in their power to fight with one of the 
 enrmy's armies, which they longed exceedingly 
 to do. Thus speaks Clarendon. The friendly 
 garrison oi' Reading being thus dismantled, and 
 Waller, his old adversary, close at hand, there was 
 indeed need for the Marquis of Winchester at 
 Basing House to stand upon his guard. How 
 well and gallantly he did so must, however, be 
 told in another chapter. 
 
 The fortifications of Reading were demolished 
 by the evening of Tuesday, May 14th, and on 
 the following day the Royal army retired to 
 Caver.sham, the King proceeding to Oxford. On 
 the following day. May l(3th. Lord Hopton had 
 under his command at Xewbury oOi lO horse and 
 foot, and other detachments of the King's troops 
 were stationed at Witney. Either on this or 
 the previous day Sir VVilliam Waller had 
 reviewed his troops at Farnham. His army had 
 been largely reinforced from London, Kent, and 
 Sussex, and consisted of about 10.000 men. He 
 liad eight regiments of horse, and eight of foot, 
 sixty baggage and ammunition waggons, and 
 twenty four guns of various calibres. He had 
 also a considerable number of guns made of 
 leather, which had the advantage of lightness, 
 and were, strange to say. effective, throwing 
 case-shot to a considerable distance. 
 
 The Earl of Essex, whose reputation as a 
 general was inferior to that of AValler, his second 
 in command, now marched to Windsor with 
 10,000 men. These were his former army, which 
 had wintered near St. Albans and in Bedford- 
 shire, and which had been lately reinforced by 
 four regiments of the Trained Band and London 
 auxiliaries, which were 4J00 strong. The day 
 after the Royal army evacuated Reading Essex 
 sent troops from Windsor to occupy the town, 
 and without difficulty persuaded the City of 
 London to place a garrison there. Essex and 
 Waller henceforth conducted their operations 
 with a view to their mutual defence and support, 
 though they never actually united their armies. 
 
 The King, at Oxford, was anxiously, but with 
 indifferent success, striving to ascertain their 
 
 probable plan of operations. His cavalry were 
 posted at and aV)out Wantage and Farringdon, 
 whilst his infantry occupied Abingdon, as to 
 the defence or evacuation of which town specific 
 instructions were given to Lord Wilmot, who 
 was in command of the garri.son. Sir William 
 Waller marched from Farnham in the direction 
 of Wallingford, on Saturday. May 18th, and 
 ha<l an interview with the Earl of Essex on the 
 following day at Henley on Thames, from 
 whence he returned at the head of a body of 
 cavalry to Basing House. He spent several 
 days at Basingstoke, having at the same time 
 posted a detachment at Andover with a view of 
 checking the advance of any relieving army 
 from the west, but the relation of his proceed- 
 ings must be deferred for a while. 
 
 On May 2 1st Essex was still at Henley, but 
 four days afterwards he had gained possession 
 of Abingdon, which Lord Wilmot had disgrace- 
 fully abandoned in a fit of ill-humour. Essex 
 had marched from Henley by way of Reading, 
 where he arrived on May 2.3rd, on which day 
 Colonel Popham, with his regiment of horse, 
 received orders from London to report himself 
 to Waller for duty. Sir William, with his 
 army, then occupied Wantage, so that the 
 whole of Berkshire was now in the possession 
 of the Parliament, and the King was almost 
 besieged in Oxford. 
 
 Lord Hopton was despatched to Bristol, 
 where Waller had many friends, and on Mon- 
 da3% the 3rd of June, the King, with all his 
 effective cavalry and 2500 infantry, succeeded 
 in escaping from Oxford. 
 
 Sir William Waller, " who had the lighter 
 ordnance and the less carriages," was ordered to 
 follow the Royal army, which he did in a 
 most irate mood ; whilst the Earl of Essex, 
 "who had the greater ordnance and the heavier 
 carriages," marched westwards to Blandford, 
 made himself master of Weymouth, and pro- 
 ceeded to Exeter. 
 
 Clarendon says (Bk. VIII.), '• The Earl of 
 Essex, by slow and easy marches, and without 
 any opposition or trouble, entered into Dorset- 
 shire, and by his great civility and affability 
 towards all men, and the very good discipline 
 in his army, wrouerht very much upon the 
 people. Insomuch that his forces rather 
 
 increased than decreased It can 
 
 hardly be imagin'd how great a difference 
 there was in the humour, disposition, and
 
 The Earl of Esskx. 
 
 14^ 
 
 mauaer of the army under Essex and tlie 
 other under AValler in their behaviour and 
 humanity towards the people ; and, conse- 
 quently, in the r ception they found among 
 them. The demeanour of those under Waller 
 being much more ungentlemanly and barbarous 
 than that of the other ; besides that the 
 people, in all places, were not without some 
 affection, and even reverence, towards the 
 Earl, who, as well upon his own account as 
 the memory of his father, had been always 
 universally popular." 
 
 Another writer says: — "Essex's popularity 
 was equally great witli the common soldiers, 
 who familiarly called him ' Old Robin,' and 
 never saw him off duty without throwing up 
 
 their caps and crying out, ' Hey for Robin !' " 
 These details, although not strictly relating 
 to the Civil War in Hampshire, are neverthe- 
 less necessary in order that we may be enabled 
 to understand the subsequent events of the 
 year 1044 . 
 
 Henceforward the strife assumes a new 
 and changed chaiacter. The great armies which 
 have so long been traversing the country have 
 now, for a time at l-ast, passed off the scene, 
 and we shall henceforth be able to concentrate 
 our undivided attention upon the gallant defence 
 of Basing Flouse, by the heroic Marquis of Win- 
 chester, and our narrative will really and 
 actually be the story of Basing House.
 
 CiiAPTr.K XXn. — Wam-ek at Basing — Cavalikrs Rrpuuskd at Odiiiam — A S/eoe 
 Imminknt— Hostim: Prkparations— Basing Villagr OrcuPiF.n — Dksultory Skir- 
 mishes— AVatch AND Ward — Sir Marmadukk Rawdon — Night Attacks — The Siege 
 Continiks— Croi'rkdy Bridge — Relief a Necessity — Bdif Coats and Mortars — 
 Rival Prea( hers. 
 
 We learn from " Mercurius Civicus" that on 
 Sunday, May HHh, 1044. Sir William Waller 
 was at Henley-on-Thames in consultation with 
 the Earl of Essex, and that he returned from 
 thence with some troops to Basing House. 
 "Whether he hath any intention to set upon the 
 house we cannot say. The place is considerable, 
 and worthy some pains in the taking, but the 
 field service is now principally to be looked 
 after." " The Parliament Scout'" of the same 
 date says, " It is affirmed with much confidence 
 that Sir William AValler is before Basing 
 House ; we wish him good success, but we fear 
 the contrary." The proceedings of the detach- 
 ment sent towards Basing are described as 
 follows, in "A True Relation of the Progress of 
 the London Auxiliaries since their joining with 
 Sir William Waller until their return home- 
 •wards " : — 
 
 "On Tuesday, the 21 (of May), we marched 
 (from Bramley) to Basing House, where we 
 came about '6 or 4 of the clock in the after- 
 noon. They welcomed us with 2 or .3 pieces 
 of Ordnance, and hung out 3 or 4 several 
 Colours ; the Ordnance did no hurt, only scared 
 our under marshal ; the blast blowing off his 
 hat, our horse went round, faced the house ; the 
 enemy charged upon them, slew 2 horse and 1 
 man of ours, we saw 2 of their men fall on the 
 breast wor'c, but no more to our view. There 
 we lay until evening, and it not being thought 
 convenient to lay siege to the house, we marched 
 round the park to Basingstoke. The enemy 
 thinking we had an intention to beleaguer the 
 house, burns all the houses, and 2 mills near 
 adjacent, because we should have no shelter there. 
 We I ly at Basingstoake three nights, and had in- 
 
 different good quarter for our money, but the in- 
 habitants were fearful they should be ill dealt 
 withall after our departure for entertaining us ; 
 they pay 40/. per week towards the maintenance 
 of the house, and that morning before we came 
 in they had payed that week's money. On 
 Thursday, the 24th, we marched towards 
 Abington, and making a halt two miles onward 
 in our way, there were brought unto us 20 
 prisoners or thereabouts, horse and foot. That 
 night we lay at Aldermaston." 
 
 The 20 prisoners were probably a party beh ng- 
 ing to the g^irrison, sent out to observe the move- 
 ments of the retiring Parliamentarians. Waller 
 wrote to the Parliament from Basingstoke on 
 May 2.3rd. There were faint hearts still among 
 the Cavaliers, for Waller, as he marched away 
 to join the Lord General (Essex), as above 
 described, asked for " some power given him to 
 receive such into mercy as would come in. It 
 will add much to the service of the Parliament, 
 and to the diminution of the King's forces, and 
 that he had good grounds to make that motion.'' 
 At the end of May Sir William Waller was 
 in the neighbourhood of Abingdon. On Satur- 
 day, the 1st of June, as we learn from a pam- 
 phlet entitled " A Victory obtained by Colonel 
 Norton and Colonel Jones," " Colonel Norton's 
 Watch of Horse faced Basing House." The 
 Diary of the Siege, says, "At what time Colonel 
 Norton drawing some forces from the adjacent 
 garrisons, by order of their pretended Parlia- 
 ment is to block up the house." 
 
 " Whereupon," continues the pamphlet and 
 other accounts, " as it was certified by prisoners 
 since taken. Colonel Royden. a decayed mer- 
 chant of London, who lived at Clerkenwell and
 
 Defeat at Odiham. 
 
 149 
 
 went to Basing to recruit, being the Governour 
 of that garrison with the Lord Marquis of 
 Winchester, a known Papist, called a Council of 
 War in Bising House, by which Council of War 
 it was thus agreed : — 
 
 I. That forces should be drawn out and sent 
 forth to fall upon Colonel Norton and Colonel 
 Jones, their quarters at Odyam. 
 
 ir. That they should give no quarter, but put 
 all to the sword. 
 
 III. That two m3n should go along with 
 them, one with a dark lanthorn, and the other 
 with torches to fire the town of Odyam. 
 
 IV. That they should have all the plunder 
 of the town for the same. 
 
 V. That they should have each man five 
 shillings before the march. 
 
 B}' these and other proceedings of the enemy 
 we may easily see the danger of their cruel and 
 bloody counsels." 
 
 But there was a traitor within the walls of 
 Basing. Scarcelj^ had the Council broken up 
 before the result of its deliberations was con- 
 fided to the enemy. Tho Diary says : — '• (By 
 the treachery of a soldier giving intelligence 
 two diys before) — Thus forewarned. Colonel 
 Jones, the Governor of Fariiham Castle, drew 
 forth "20 ) men from that garrison on Thursday 
 last (May 31st) to Odiam, within four miles of 
 Basing House, where, it is said. Colonel Mor- 
 ley, the Governor of Arundel Castle, was to 
 muet him, and so to have straightened that 
 place, which exceedingly annoys the country 
 thereabouts, but by reason of other cmmergent 
 occasions. Colonel Morley came not thither, 
 whereupon the enemy thought to have taken 
 Colonel Jones in a trap." Unaware that their 
 opponents were upon the alert, " they drew out 
 all their horse and most part of their foot 
 which was able to march (SO horse and 200 foot), 
 about eleven of the clock at night, none being 
 left in the house, only those which were upon 
 the guard or not able to march by reason of 
 sickness. Prisoners say that for their 
 better encouragement herein the Marquis of 
 Winchester came part of the way with tlicm, and 
 at his return back gave the common soldiers five 
 shillings a piece." They thought '' before morn- 
 ing not to have left a man to have brought 
 tidings, for the town was unfortified, and many 
 ways into the same, and the street very broad." 
 " About two of the clock on Sunday morning, 
 a gentleman of Colonel Norton's troop, being 
 
 sentry, hailed them at Walnborough (AVarn- 
 boiough) !Mill, being about half a mile from 
 Odiani. who giving an alarm to the town, the 
 Watch of Horse drew out, who faced them, and 
 fought with them in the lane above the mill. It 
 pleased God t> put such courage and resolution 
 into the hearts of Colonel Jones and his men. 
 that when the alarm was given they resolved 
 to bandy with the enemy and to try wheth.er 
 they would figlit without Basing walls." " They 
 (the Watch of Horse) being forced to retreat, 
 with the loss of one man only, who died 
 viliantly ; afterwards the enemy set upon the 
 foot in their guards^ who were all ready to give 
 them an answer, and accordingly defended 
 themselves very valiantly. Colonel Norton, in 
 all this losing no time, had by this got most 
 part of his horse and drew them into the field, 
 leaving the rest for the town, and marching 
 close to the enemy very furiously, fell upon 
 them with great valour, which caused the 
 enemy presently to retreat, so that when 
 Colonel Jones fell on the front with his foot, 
 the horse came in on the rear, at which the 
 enemy's horse fled, and all the foot with their 
 arms were taken, and the horse pursued almost 
 to Basing House." 
 
 " Upon their retreat were taken as followeth :- 
 
 Major Langley, sometime a Mercer in Pater 
 noster-row, was taken prisoner, wounded, but 
 being in poor habit, more like a tinker than a 
 gentleman, was let go again. 
 
 Captain Rowlet (Rowland),a Scrivener, next 
 door to the sign of the " George" at Holborn 
 Conduit, also is taken, and Lieutenant Rowlet, 
 his brother, two superstitious cringing malig- 
 nants. Lieut. Ivory, sometime a citizen of 
 London, Ensign (ancient) Coram, son of one 
 Coram, a Papist in Winchester (Roger Coram 
 was a gentleman residing at Abbot Barton, and 
 was a parisliioner of the Church of St. Tliomas, 
 in AVinchester. He hold Cranbury. and, dying 
 in 16s;}, was buried in St. James' Cemetery, at 
 Winchester). William Robinson, a Papist, sur- 
 geon to the Lord Marquis of Winchester, also 
 three Gentlemen of the Arms, three sergeants, 
 five drums, and three drummers, seventy-five 
 (72) common soldiers, whereof some of them 
 are such as have formerly run from the Parlia- 
 ment service, and are likely to receive their just 
 reward. One quartermaster, five corporals, and 
 one sutler to the Army." 
 
 " There wore also taken 100 (150) foot arms
 
 150 
 
 WaIM.IKI. PitKI'AKATIO.NH. 
 
 bcfliilc lioisi' ;uul anns, every man keepiiiy what 
 liorae hv took himself. 
 
 Four i'ouiid (lead upon the phice. many 
 wounded, some very dangerously. 
 
 AVe lost on our side only one man (2 men) 
 and about 7 or S siiot, wliieh was all the loss we 
 had, one I)eing a Lieutenant of those that were 
 huit of our men. 
 
 The enemy's word was ' Honour" ouis, "God 
 witli us.' 
 
 Tliey that are taken prisoners report that 
 they were eneourag<.d to eome forth of Basing 
 House a<,'ainst Colonel Norton's forces, to take 
 from them tlieir bulE coats and new shillings 
 which Colonel Norton had newly paid the men, 
 but tliey were disappointed of their hopes ; we 
 showed them half-crowns as well as shillings 
 after they were taken prisoners." 
 
 '' About 4 of the clock in the afternoon, 
 Colonel Norton's horse marched again up to 
 Basing, and four of his trumpeters sounded first 
 a challenge, and afterwards 2 or 3 levets 
 flourishing before the enemy, but the enemy 
 appeared not." (A levitt or levite was a sound 
 of mirth. H. Teonge says, in 1G7G, "Our 
 trumpets sounding merry levitts all the way.") 
 
 The Diary speaks briefly Ihus of Colonel 
 Norton: " By the treachery of a soldier giving 
 intelligence two days before, defeating a party 
 of the Garrison drawn out to Odiam, and taking 
 divers prisoners, upon the fourth of June faced 
 the House with a Regiment of Horse and 
 Dragoones, and after some hours stand quartered 
 in Basingstoake." Three troops of Colonel 
 Norton's horse were present on this occasion. 
 
 Captivity at Basing House must have been 
 somewliat unpleasant, for we read, " The same 
 night lOof ourmen, which they had formerly 
 taken prisoners, and used them barbarously, and 
 stripped naked to their very shirts from their 
 backs, having an hop bag in their prison, with 
 the same made means by cutting into slips to 
 lengthen it, to let them down, and made an 
 escape, and came to our forces to Odyam, one of 
 them being a Kentish Corporal, and most of 
 the rest taken when Sir AVillium "Waller was 
 before Basing, who tell us that there is but 7 
 of our men prisoners in Ba.sing left." Colonel 
 Jones sent a report of Odiham Fight to the 
 House of Commons. This skirmish was fought 
 near a spot whereon a gallant deed had been 
 done four centuries before. Camden says, 
 i' "Whose castle (Odiam) in the reign of John 
 
 was gallantly defended for a fortnight by 
 thirteen English soldiers agiinst Louis, King of 
 France, wlio had closely bele ignored it with hi« 
 wliole army, and surrendered at laot (in the 
 year) 1216." 
 
 Colonel Norton sent the prisoner.s taken at 
 Odiham, who were estimated by their captors 
 to be half of the whole garrison of Basing 
 House, to Southampton, from whence they 
 were a few days afterwards sent up to the Par- 
 liament in London. The closing days of May 
 saw great preparations for an attack in force 
 upon the Marquis of Winchester and his strong- 
 hold. Colonel Sir Richard Onslow, Colonel 
 Jones, the Governor of Fainhara Castle, and 
 Colonel Norton, with their regiments, were all 
 destined for this impoitant service, and were to 
 be further reinforced by some horse from Kent. 
 On June 8th a letter from Guildford says that 
 " the country came in very freely and cou- 
 rageously. There met many gallant trooper men, 
 stout soldiers ; they were never known to go 
 out before so heartily and freely, aijd they 
 carried themselves so civilly in the town as ever 
 any gentlemen did, and on Sunday morning, at 
 five of the clock. Captain Cufly. an honest godly 
 minister of Gilford, who goes out with them 
 upon this design, preached unto them, and after 
 sermon they marched towards Farnham, and so 
 for Basing." The four associated counties of 
 Hints, Surrey, Sussex, and Kent had raised 
 30U0 men, most of whom were now on the 
 march towards Basing. The same number 
 were to be held in readiness as a reserve in the 
 event of the Earl of Essexs ordering the besieg- 
 ing force to effect a juneti n with his own army, 
 with which he was about to march to the relief 
 of Lyme, in Dorsetshire, which Prince Maurice 
 was unsuccessfully besieging. 
 
 Colonel Richard Onslow was to be in chief 
 command of the Surrey f orees at Basing House, 
 and his officers were Lieutenant-Colonel Jordan, 
 High Sheriff of Surrey, and his son, Captain 
 Jordan, Sergeant-Major (i.e. Major) Hill, of 
 Guildford, Captain Cufly, Captain AVesbrook, 
 of Godleman (Godalming), Captain Perham. 
 Captain Warren, who had already commanded 
 a forlorn hope during Sir William Waller's 
 attack upon Basing, and others. Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Dunscombe remained at Guildford to 
 raise the 30 men of the reserve, and Colonel 
 Richard Norton commanded the men of Hants, 
 who formed two regiments, one of foot and the
 
 The Siege Begins. 
 
 151 
 
 other of horse. The Marquis of Winchester 
 was levying contributions in the neighbourhood, 
 and in consequ nee we read of '• Those 
 plunderers who have cessed the country at 
 8U0/. or IDOU/. presently to be brought in unto 
 them." The "Kingdom's Weekly Intelligencer" 
 exultingly says:''Hampshire hath .shewed a good 
 example. Taey have agreed among themselves 
 to maintain forces to keep in those thieves and 
 
 robbers at Basing This service 
 
 will be of great advantage, for there is nothing 
 to hinder the trade of the clothiers in Wiltshire 
 to London except that garrison," which did often- 
 times, as we shall see. lay violent hands upon 
 goodly bales of broadcloth destined for the 
 metropolis. Other Hampshire men were at the 
 same time doing their best to harass loyal 
 Oxford, under the command of Major-General 
 Browne, who laid siege to Greenland House, 
 near Henley-on-Thames, the capture of which 
 was considered to be of more importance than 
 even that of Basing. It was surrendered after 
 an heroic defence, together with all the arms 
 and ammunition, on June 18th, 1G44, the 
 garrison marching out with all the honours 
 of war. 
 
 The Marquis of Winchester thus describes 
 the week ending June 11th: "Colonel Xorton 
 (his foot not yet come up), keeping his guards 
 of horse upon our avenues to stop the fetching 
 in provisions." 
 
 On June l.oth Colonel Jones, the Governor of 
 Farnham Castle, camo up to London, accom 
 panied by a gentleman who was the bearer of a 
 letter, which duly appeared in the " AVeekly 
 Account" on June "i.'ith, and from which we 
 glean much information concerning the com- 
 mencement of the siege. After the disaster at 
 Odiham, the garrison, which was thought to be 
 either about 140 or "JOO in number, pressed 
 yeomen's sons and others as soldiers, and sent 
 out parties of horse to levy contributions in the 
 neighbourhood. The Parliamentarians at 
 Basingstoke, hearing that a party of tlie garrison 
 had miirclied towards Reading, sent out about 
 50 horse and 20 musketeers to cut off their 
 retreat. Chased to a broken down bridge which 
 probably spanned the Loddon, the Cavaliers 
 dashed through the stream, but left in the 
 hands of the enemy nine horses which h.ad stuck 
 fast in the mud. Colonel Norton himself was 
 on June l.'ith daily expected to return to Basing, 
 having gone with his regiment of horse a week 
 
 previously to Andover, which was said to be 
 occupied by the King's forces. 
 
 But his subordinates were nevertheless active, 
 for we read : " Colonel Xorton hath possessed 
 himself of the town of B ising, and seized on 
 many cattle and much corne, which theMarquis of 
 Winchester, a grand Papist, but nevertheless one 
 whom His Majesty employs for the good of the 
 Protestant religion, had provided to be sent to 
 him at the garrison of Basing House, but it will 
 now be better employed." The town, or as we 
 now call it, the village of Basing, is said to be 
 " within half musket shot " of the House, the 
 garrison of which was much harassed when in 
 search of provisions or forage. Two companies 
 of Roundheads had occupied " a great house on 
 the east side " of Basing House. Colonel Jones 
 was at Odiham with three companies, and Colonel 
 Onslow held Basingstoke with four companies 
 of his Surrey regiment. 
 
 On June Uth, Colonel Xorton received his 
 expected reinforcements of infantry. Colonel 
 Morley, who possessed great influence and many 
 friends in Sussex, appeared at the head of 
 "sixe Colours (or Companies) of Blew"' from 
 that county, Sir Richard Onslowe's Regiment 
 of Surrey Red-coats was five companies strong, 
 and Colonel Jones contributed two White com- 
 panies from Farnham. Colonel Xorton "s regi- 
 ment was also strengthened by the addition of 
 three fresh troops of horse. 
 
 The whole force was "drawne up before the 
 House upon the south of Basingstoake." At 
 the approach of night the companies of white 
 coats, with one troop of horse, marched to Sher- 
 field. Sir Richard Onslowe, with his troop of 
 horse, to Andwell House, •■ near the ruins of 
 the Priory," whilst •' Morlcye's Foot and 
 Xorton's Horse quartered in Basingstoake."' 
 
 This state of things lasted for the three 
 following days. The Parliamentarian troopers 
 faced the house daily, ch lUenging the Cavaliers 
 to sally forth, and try the issue or battle. 
 Nothing loth, as soon as the enemy showed 
 signs of retiring to his quarters, the Royalist 
 troopers dashed througli the garrison gate, and 
 harassed the rear guard to some purpose, with 
 but little loss to themselves. 
 
 As a party of Roundhead troopers were 
 patrolling the neighbourhood they received 
 information from some countrymen that about 
 iJO horse from Basing House had gone towards 
 the Vine. Pursuit was ordered, and the two
 
 152 
 
 Watch and Ward. 
 
 parties met upon a heath. The Cavaliers halted, 
 and formed np, hut evciitu.illy, perceiving their 
 ()j)p(inetils" preparations to ehaigc, whechd and 
 galloped oil', with tlio Roundheads dose in 
 their rear. One horseman suddeidy rode ha< k 
 to the pursuers, saying that he was one of their 
 own army, who had been eaptured that morn- 
 ing. His statement was at first doubted, 
 '' thinking that knowing himself to be badly 
 liorsed, and so in danger to be taken he used 
 that policy to escape," and he was placed under 
 arrest, until recognised as being an officer of the 
 Parliament " whc was carelessly out of his 
 quarters." On June 14th it was reported in 
 London that the besieged garrison was in great 
 want of a mill to grind corn, the two mills 
 having been burnt on the occasion of Sir Wil- 
 liam Waller's visit about three weeks before. 
 Salt and other necessaries were also in great 
 request within the w\t11s. 
 
 On June 15th there was a sharp skirmish. 
 " To see the countenance of the enemy, fifty 
 foot are sent towards Basingstoke under covert 
 of a mill and hedge," [Was this Eastrop mill, 
 or the mill nearer to Basing?] " whilst our horse 
 forced theirs into the Town." The Round- 
 heads are reinforced, and the Cavaliers retreat 
 in good order, di awing on their puisucrs until 
 the infantiy can pour a volley into their ranks 
 from the mill and hedge. The Parliamentarian 
 foot soon come up, and several vollies are 
 exchanged, until the Royalist infantry "are 
 commanded in." 
 
 Two daj-s after this skirmish, as two teams 
 were fetching provisions for the house from 
 Sherfield. the enemy's horse made a sudden 
 dash and carried them off, making prizes like- 
 wise of three horses grazing in the Park, at no 
 great distance from the house. That night 
 the two white companies from Farnham 
 venture to quarter in the village of Basing, 
 attacking the garrison, doing good execution, 
 and fortifying the Church. They only admitted 
 the loss of one man killed, and another wounded, 
 and placed marksmen in the adjacent houses, 
 from whence they on the following day picked 
 off two of the garrison. 
 
 "Idle Dick Norton," who had returned to 
 Basing by June 17th, was evidently very much 
 in earnest. A friendly journalist says : " Valiant 
 Colonel Norton sits close upon Basing House, 
 and hath posses.sed himself of the town, they 
 of Hampshire have agreed to maintain a 
 
 ! regiment of horse and foot for the service of 
 
 ' the State under that Colonel ; it is pity such 
 
 si)irits should want instruments to work with, 
 
 it is pity such good workmen should not have 
 
 ' good tools." 
 
 I^Ieanwhile the Earl of Essex, on his march to 
 relieve Lyme Regis, sent out S'outs, who, 
 "having discovered the Queen's regiment, neai 
 their quarters, a party of horse was sent out 
 towards them, which caused them to fly further 
 westward, and so Hants is rid of those 
 plunderers." This account is amplified by the 
 following statement, which bears date June 
 17th: '• liis Excellency is advanced in his march 
 beyond Amesbury, leaving Salisbury on the left 
 hand, and hearing that there were 3()iJ of the 
 King's horse in Salisbury, sent two regiments of 
 horse thither, under the command of Sir 
 William Balfour, but they were gone an hour 
 before they arrived. They pursued them seven 
 miles, but could not overtake tliem." 
 
 The Royal army having retreated towards 
 the west, Basing was now indeed in danger, 
 and, says the Diary of the Siege, " We divide 
 our men into two parts, leaving two thirds on 
 duty, whilst the other rest, appointing to each 
 Captain and his company a particular guard, 
 dividing the quarters of the garrison to the Field 
 Officers. The works adjoining to the park. 
 " were entrusted to the charge of Major Cuffand. 
 Major Langley, whom we have seen captured 
 at Odiham looking like a tinker, was responsible 
 for ' the works in the gardens. The dispose 
 (or arrangement) of the guns' was superintended 
 by Lieutenant-Colonel Peake, the printseller, 
 before referred to, some of whose musketeers 
 were to act as a reserve for supply of all places 
 as any need required. The troopers were 
 supplied with muskets, and no one was exempt 
 from duty. ' The Lieutenant Colonels and 
 ISIajors being Captains of the Watch, Colonel 
 Rawdon only in this excused, by reason of his 
 years." 
 
 Colonel Rawdon, the Governor of Basing 
 House, had not long before received a visit from 
 his son Marmaduke. whom he had at the com- 
 mencement of the troubles in England sent 
 with a cargo of valuable merchandise to the 
 Canary Islands, and with a letter recommending 
 him to the care of his own nephew. Marma- 
 duke Rawdon. Avho was a thriving and prosper- 
 ous merchant there, and who cared not to take 
 part in the fierce fratricidal strife then
 
 Sir Marmadukk's Visitor. 
 
 153 
 
 raging in his native land. He, however, 
 welcomed his young kinsman most warmly, 
 and entertained him in a most hospita- 
 ble manner until the end of the year 10415, 
 when he sent him back to England, says an 
 interesting volume published by the Camden 
 Society, with a cargo of wine, " for both their 
 accounts, desiring him when he was in England 
 to go and see his father, who was then G-over- 
 nor of Basing Castle, and to present him. as a 
 token of his love and duty, with a curious gold 
 hatband of goldsmith's work and a gold chain, 
 and that of 60(1/. be carried with him, he should 
 show it to his father to take it all or part, as 
 he should best please. He arrived safely at 
 Mount's Bay, in Devonshire, I would say, 
 Cornwall, and, according to his cousin's request, 
 went straight to his father at Basing, having a 
 convoy i'rom my Lord Ilopton. When he came 
 to his father his father asked him how he 
 left his nephew. He told him very well, in 
 good health, and that he had sent him a small 
 present of a gold hatband and a gold chain, 
 with order likewise that of i>U(J/. he had thereof 
 Barbary gold he might take part of it or all, if 
 he had occasion for it. He said, ' Let me see 
 your gold,' so his son poured it out of a great 
 silk network purse upon the table, which look- 
 ing upon, he bid his son pick him out half-a- 
 score of the best ducats of the finest gold, and 
 told him, ' This I take to make the King's pic- 
 ture to wear with the chain of gold your 
 cousin hath sent me : for the rest, put tiiem up 
 and carry them with you ; it may be my 
 nephew and you may have more occasion 
 for them tlian I shall.' Here (at Basing) he 
 stayed some few days with his father, and then 
 went to Oxford, where he coined part of hi} 
 gold (King Charles I. had hiri mint at Oxford 
 for several years during the Civil War), and 
 from thence went to London to meet the ship, 
 where he disposed of his wines and gold in com- 
 modities proper for the main of Spain.'' 
 
 But troubles were in store. He was arrested, 
 and on June ISth had reached Ltmdon incus- 
 tody. A contemporary journal says that " ho 
 makes himself a stranger in England, and pre- 
 tends that he was a merchant or factor in 
 foreign parts, yet when he came over lie could 
 find the next way to Basing House before he 
 came to London, and, as hesaitli, was going now 
 for Spain. So ho was committed to custody, 
 till further examination." He seems, however, 
 
 to have been speedily released, and to have 
 sailed for Seville, where he sold his merchan- 
 dise, and, lading his vessel with oil and other 
 things suitable for the Canary Islands, returned 
 home about the midiile of the year 1644, a con- 
 sideraljle gainer by his expedition, and took no 
 further part in tlie Civil War. 
 
 Thomas llawdon, the eldest son of Sir Mar- 
 maduke, was a colonel in the Koyal army, 
 "fought in both the Fights of Xewbury, and 
 accepted many dangerous commissions lor the 
 service of the King. Having thus become a 
 marked man, he fled from the persecution of 
 the ruling powers, and took refuge with his 
 kinsman and younger brotl.er in tlie Canaries. 
 By them he was cordially received and enter- 
 tained for a considerable time with princely 
 hospitality. In the ' Catalogue of lords, 
 kniglits, and gentlemen who iiave compounded 
 for their estates,' printeil in London in 1G55, 
 are these names — ' Rawdon, Thomas, of Lon- 
 don, merchant, 40U/. ; Koyden, Marm.iduke, 
 D.C.L., per Edmund Ilardman and William Green, 
 5r/J/.8s. lid.'" 
 
 On June 18th, a day hereafter to be memo- 
 rable for a fight at Waterloo as well as at Basing, 
 the blue-coated regiment from Basingstoke 
 relieved the white companies who had occupied 
 the church, which they converted into a stable, 
 breaking open the vaults, and casting the 
 coffins of Lord Winchester's ancestors into 
 bullets, as was clearly proved a few years since 
 by actual observation. 
 
 Just as tlie new comers had " taken over" 
 their quarters, and the church clock had stiuek 
 the midnight hour, there was heard the clash 
 of steel and a hurried rush, and then 
 a jet of flame made the old tower 
 stand out in bold relief. The Cavaliers 
 had fired one of the neighbouring houses, fiom 
 the windows of which their comrades had been 
 shot. Next evening tlicre was a terrible hurly- 
 burly. The garri.son set fire to all ilie build- 
 ings between Basing House and the church, and 
 the blue-coats themselves fired some of those 
 beyond. Half Basing was in a bla/.e. and the 
 Roundheatls aliandoned their works in a panic 
 to shelier in the hedges, others continuing their 
 flight to a considerable distance. But now, 
 above the din, rang out the church bells, and 
 help came from all sides. The Cavaliers 
 retreated, and their opponents spent tlie nigiit 
 and the whole of the next day under cover of
 
 154 
 
 DaII.V SKIKMISiriOS. 
 
 the hoilge and pilings of tho park. Firin;^ 
 contiiuiod. one sentry was killed and liis comrade 
 woniidt'd. On .Fnne 'JOth tlio bosiogcis took 
 heart, and loavin-^ tlio protection of tlio park 
 palini^s, returned to their works. 
 
 But Colonel Norton was ill at case. On 
 Tliursday, Juno I'.lth, ho wrote to the House of 
 Commons, asking tor money, and was i^ranted 
 'idOD/. from tho llevcsnue of tlie Court of Wards. 
 Ho likewise asked for and obtained from the 
 Committee of tho four Associated Counties of 
 Hants, Sussex, Surrey, and Kent, to whom his 
 letter was referred, a much needed supply of 
 saddles, pistols, swords, and muskets. He said 
 that ho expected reinforcements from South- 
 ampton, and at his request an ordinance was 
 passed " to remove mali'.Miant priests and clergy- 
 men that do much infest the country there- 
 about." Colonel Norton also complained that 
 "tho gentry <^t" that county did not second 
 his expectations, and that to the great discou- 
 ragement of his soldiers they received but little 
 favour or assistance from them." Mr. Lisle, M. P. 
 for Winchester, was directed to reply to this 
 letter, and to give the thanks of the House to 
 Sir Richai'd OnsloAv. Colonels Norton and 
 Morley, and Lieut. -Colonel Jordan, the High 
 Sheriff of Surrey, " for their good service at 
 Basing." 
 
 On June "JOth a strong guard of Colonel 
 Norton's men was posted at the church, but 
 Lord Winchester's cavalry was not idle. Some 
 of Norton's officers were descried riding along 
 the lower road from Basingstoke, which they 
 thought perfectly secure. A dozen musque- 
 teers were posted behind the hedge at the 
 corner of this road, which was then known as 
 "the Lane," and greeted them w'ith a well- 
 directed volley. Some of them were w^ounded, 
 and the whole party turned their horses' heads 
 and galloped at their best speed towards Basing- 
 stoke, the Cavaliers in fierce pursuit meanwhile. 
 "Well was it for tho fugitives that Colonel Norton 
 had posted '' a guard of horse on Cowdreye's 
 Downe, who perceiving it, troop to the rescue," 
 or none of the fugitives would have escaped 
 that day. The Cavaliers drew rein, and wheel- 
 ing to the right, galloped up to the besiegers' 
 works near tlie Grange, took them by a sudden 
 dash, set them on fire, and carried off a prisoner 
 to the House. 
 
 Colonel Carne, the Deputy-Governor of the 
 Isle of Wight, Colonel Whitehead, M.P. for 
 
 Southampton, Colonel Button, Captain Jcrvoim) 
 (the son of Mr. Jervoiso, of llerriard),an'l "one 
 Master (Traves, a kinsman of Colonel (rraves, 
 now rode through tho lane to tho entrench- 
 ments, our men being then at tho burial of one 
 of our soldiers." The Royalist musketeers 
 behind the liedgo were still at their post, and 
 felt sure of their prize. But one of them fired 
 too soon, "and shot Master Grave's horse, 
 which gave warning to the rest." Master Graves 
 was captured, but the rest of the party escaped, 
 and rode off towards the we.st. Two hours 
 afterwards Colonel Norton sent in a trumpeter 
 with a (lag of truce "todemandhis liberty, being 
 a traveller," but the Marquis sent back the 
 messenger with a propo.sal for an exchange of 
 prisoners. 
 
 On the following day (June 21st) there was 
 a skirmish in the Park. Two of Sir Richard 
 Onslow's Surrey redcoais were captured, and 
 another was killed. Colonel Norton himself 
 towards the end of June marched to join Sir 
 William Waller. Let '• Mercurius Aulicus" 
 speak once more ; " Norton himself is gone to 
 Sir William, and left the work to others, think- 
 ing it ill manners to attempt that for whii-h his 
 general was so handsomely hasted, who found 
 it as difficult to enter Basing as to get into his 
 Worship's own Castle at Winchester !' Bostinr/ 
 House was a title often given by rejoicing 
 Cavaliers to the brave little garrison. The two 
 fortresses of Basing House and Donnington 
 Castle completely commanded the great road 
 from London to the western counties, and on 
 June "jnth there were no less than 2000 horse 
 and foot employed in besieging Basing House 
 and keeping the roads open for traffic. A convoy 
 of 80 waggon loads of cloth and other mer- 
 chandise reached London in safety on Monday. 
 June 17th, but on the following Sunday the 
 garrison of Donnington Castle, of which stout- 
 hearted Sir John Boys was Governor, sallied 
 forth, and made prize of two waggon loads of 
 merchandise and six heavily laden packhorses. 
 which were going from London to Marlborough, 
 and carried them into the Castle. In spite of 
 protestations that these goods were the property 
 of Cavaliers residing in the neighbourhood, they 
 were declared to be lawful prize, and were turned 
 to good account by the garrison. 
 
 But during the evening of the day on which 
 the waggons in question were seized. Colonel 
 Norton, on his way from Basing to join Sir
 
 Besieueksi IX Eaknest. 
 
 155 
 
 William Waller, at the head of two troops of 
 horse and thirty dragoons, made a sudden 
 attack upon Donnington Castle, killing a sentry 
 and securinj^ eight horses in an adjacent stable. 
 Un;iblo to ell'ect anything further, owing to his 
 having no infantry with him, he and hi« party 
 continued their march without the loss of a 
 man, and reached in saTety the army of Sir 
 William Waller, with whom Sir Arthur Haslerig, 
 at the head of his bluecoats, and Major-General 
 Browne, with the London Brigade, were also 
 expected to elfect a Junction. 
 
 The King and Sir William Waller had been 
 manoeuvring throughout the month of June. 
 His Majesty had been enabled to return to 
 Oxford, and from thence to pass into Bucking- 
 hamshire and Northamptonshire, and at length 
 succeeded in forcing Waller to light at Cropredy 
 Bridge, which spans the Cherwell. Colonel 
 Norton took part in tliia battle, in Widch Waller 
 lost his leather guns, of which mention lias been 
 already made. The strength of his army was, 
 on June 28th, ordered to be TOUU foot, iJUOL) 
 horse, with field and other officers, and " a 
 train of artillerj^ proportionable." Carlyle 
 says (Letters of Oliver Cromwell, vol. 1, p. 172), 
 " Waller's last action was an undecisive, rather 
 unsuccessful fight, or day of skirmishing, with 
 the King, at Cropredy Bridge, on the border of 
 Oxford and Xorthamptonshircs (2'Jth June, 
 1644), three dajs before Marston IMoor, after 
 which both parties separated, the King to follow 
 Essex, since there was now no hope in the 
 north ; Waller to wander London Avards, and 
 gradually lose his army by desertion, as the 
 habit of him was." Henceforth the stir of his 
 glory grew dim, and he was no longer known 
 by the proud title of " William the CoiKjueror." 
 Colonel Norton, after the fight at Cropredy 
 Bridge, returned to Basing. 
 
 On or be lore June 24th two companies from 
 Portsmouth had joined the white-coats from 
 Farnliam, and now the siege began in grim 
 earnest. Colonel Morleys pikes and muskets 
 were quartered in the park, while on his right 
 was Colonel Onslow, who took charge of " the 
 Lane and the Close towards Basingstoake, 
 where, having forced their quarters, they pre- 
 sently brcake ground, shutting us up on three 
 sides witli their foot, and on the other side their 
 guards of horse keeping on Cowdreye's Down 
 at night, bu.sying themselves with spade and 
 pickaxe to secure their quarters." Colonel 
 
 Norton repaired the dismantled works which 
 had been thrown up by Sir Willi im Waller, 
 erected fresh batteries, and dug and delved until 
 his men might well in their love for Scripture 
 parallels, compare themselves to the workmen of 
 Nehemiah, who laboured with a tool in one hand 
 and a sword in the other. There were still 
 faint hearts in Basing House, and " three of 
 ours runne to them." 
 
 On the 2l>th Royalist musketeers find fuU 
 occupation. They wore iron pot helmets and 
 swords with curiously curve-shaped hilts, many 
 of which were forged in Holland, and were of 
 the value of 7s .Gd. each. Every mans musket cost 
 ISs.Gd., whilst the rest for the somewhat unwieldly 
 piece was valued at lod. Banloliers for powder 
 could be purchased for 3s., gunpowder was sold at 
 l.Sd. pur lb., match at 1/. lOs. per cwt., and 
 bullets (called musket shot) at 18s. per cwt. 
 
 Thus equipped, the musketeers were sent 
 forth "by the point of Basingstoake (a bul- 
 warke) to view their lodging in the Lane, and 
 to cut downe some Trees, climbing a ruined 
 mill, from which they played on us, both M'hich 
 are done, and divers ot tiiem killed, with losse 
 of two of ours." " The lane" is the lower load 
 to Basingstoke, and the mill here spoken of stood 
 nearly opposite to the conical tower in the 
 garden, which is now a dove-cot. In the " True 
 Kelation of the Progrosse of the London 
 Auxiliaries" the garrison are said to have burnt 
 •' two mills neere adjacent." But darkness 
 favoured the besiegers. " At night they run a 
 Line (i.e., a trencli) towards the mUl, wiiere we 
 had galled them the day before," and the 
 defenders of '• Basingstoake bulwarke" have to 
 keep themselves under cover for the future. 
 But with true English tenacity of purpose 
 Colonel Norton still holds his own, trusting to 
 the help of a powerful ally within the walls, 
 to whom men give the dread name of — famine ! 
 No foraging parties are able to scour the country ; 
 the hay in the meadows is stacked not for the 
 benefit of Royalist, but of Roundhead chargers ; 
 the sLores in the cellars and v.iults are sadly 
 diminished, and the sentinels of the garrison 
 fear th it none of the corn which harvest- 
 men will soon bo busily reaping just beyond 
 Colonel Norton's lines will find its waj' to the 
 Basing House barns and granaries. A message 
 must be sent to Oxford at all hazards, and on 
 the night of Juno 27th "a I'arty of horse, 
 Firing upon their Sonlinells upon Cowdreye's
 
 156 
 
 BuFK Coats and MouTAifs. 
 
 Dowa'i, mil !h .imtno th ir lju irrl-i, whilst others 
 of them are s'lit by to Oxford," to ask tliat a 
 rolicvui'T fon-o nriy bo despatched to Ba^iiii^. 
 
 Claro')d(Mi tluis ^'raphioally describes " a party 
 of liorsc" (Rook VI.) : "Anion? tlie horse the 
 officers had tlu'ir full desire if they were able to 
 proi'uro old backs and breasts and pots (iron 
 skull caps), witli pistols and carabines for their 
 two or throe first ranks, and swords for the rest ; 
 themselves (and some soldiers by their example) 
 having ijott on, besides their pistols and swords, a 
 short pole-axe." 
 
 Lacy tlic player says, "The honest country 
 gentleman raises the troop at his own charge ; 
 then he gets a Low-Country Lieutenant (one 
 who had served in the Low Countries) to fight 
 his troop safely ; then he sends for his son from 
 school to l)e his cornet ; and then he puts off his 
 child's I'oat to put on a buff coat : and this is 
 the constitution of our army." (Note to Scott's 
 "Rokeby," Canto iv.) 
 
 " In the reign of King James I," says Grose 
 in his "Military Antiquities," "the buff coat or 
 jerkin, which was originally worn under the 
 cuirass, now became frequently a substitute for 
 it, it liaving been found that a good buff leather 
 coat would of itself resist the stroke of a sword ; 
 this, however, only occasionally took place 
 amon^ the light-armed cavalry and infantry, 
 complete suits of armour being still used among 
 the he ivy horse." 
 
 These buff coats were usually lined with silk 
 or linen, secur'd before with buttons or by a 
 lace, and were o''ten richly decorated with gold 
 or silver embroidery. Thi owner of one of 
 these coats, just after the Restoration, says, "I 
 would not have taken 10/. for it." Cavalry 
 corslets, consisting of ba'-k, breast, gorget, and 
 head-piece, were valued at 2i.'s. each. Some of 
 Colonel Norton's men were probably armed only 
 with Danish clubs, 100) of these primitive 
 weapons having been issued from store to Sir 
 "W. Waller's army in December, 1643. 
 
 " ^Icrcurius Aulicus" and other Cavalier 
 journals were beginning to make merry at the 
 expense of Colonel Norton's fruitless siege of 
 Basing House, and the Parliament was deter- 
 mined to take the Hampshire fortress at all 
 costs. 
 
 The "WeoklyAccount" has the following para- 
 graph : — " Two mortar pieces went this day 
 (June "i'Hh) also to Basing, and divers grana- 
 does, which we hope will prove good instru- 
 
 ments in g.iining Basing House, for we are 
 certified that the besiegers have intrenched 
 themselves, and hope to render a good account 
 of that service." 
 
 The brass mortar pieces ranged in calibre 
 from 18^ to 4j inches, those of iron being from 
 \'2h to 41 inches in calilne. In lO'JO it is ordered 
 that " The twcntie pieces of gnat ordinance 
 before mentioned, two mortar pieces for fire- 
 works must bo all mounted upon field carriages 
 with foure wheels, and lymmers (limbers) ready 
 complcate, and to be furnished and attended 
 witli spare carriages and wheeles, blocke car- 
 riages, copper ladles, furnished with spunges 
 and rammers, and with all other habilaments 
 and utensells of warre, and with many other 
 small provisions which are sod'hecessary for the 
 trayne of artillery, that without them they can- 
 not march nor be used." (" Scott's British 
 Army." Vol. I., p. 3'Jl.) 
 
 In the year lOS'.t an establishment of a train 
 of 30 pieces of artillery consisted of one Master 
 of the Ordnance, one Lieutenant of the 
 Ordnance, one Comptroller, four Gentlemen 
 of the Ordnance, one MasterGunner, 30 Gunners, 
 and 40 Matrosses. These last (then first men- 
 tioned) seem to have been of lower rank than 
 the Gunners. In 1618 we read of " One General 
 of Artillery, "25 Conductors of Artillery, one 
 Petardier, one Captain of Miners, 25 Miners, 
 one Captain of Pioneers, one Surgeon, and one 
 Surgeon's Mate ;" and in 1620 mention is made 
 of " Three Master Gunner's Mates and three 
 Constables, or Quarter Gunners." (•' Duncan's 
 Hist, of R. Artillery," Yol. I.) 
 
 These " mortar pieces " thus forwarded to 
 Basing were intended to fire shell " gernadoes." 
 Some of these were 801bs. in weight, as we 
 learn from the Diary of the Siege, the accuracy 
 of which is attested by numerous fragments 
 recently discovered. They were also styled 
 Granada shells. 
 
 " The first shells were cast in 1543 (in which 
 year iron guns wore made by three foreigners 
 at Buckstead in Sussex), for mortars of 1 1 inch 
 calibre, described as ' certain hollow shot of 
 cast iron, to be stuffed with fireworks, whereof 
 the bigger sort had screws of iron to receive a 
 match, and carry fire to break in small pieces 
 the same hollow shot, whereof the smallest piece 
 hitting a man would kill or spoil him.' " (Dun- 
 can's Hist, of Royal Artillery, vol. I.) 
 
 Hand grenades have also been found during
 
 Artii.lkry Phacticp:. 
 
 r.7 
 
 the progress of the excavations. These are 
 small iron shells, about three inches in diameter, 
 filled with powder, fitted with a time fuze, and 
 either thrown by hand, or projected from a 
 hand-gun or " musketoon " fired from a rest. 
 These missiles are said to have been first used 
 in the year 15'.)4. The grenadier was orignilly 
 armed with these deadly missiles, hence his name. 
 
 On June 2'Jth, hereaf'ter to bo famous for the 
 Restoration of " The Merrie Monarch," whilst 
 the ponderous mortars were slowly miking their 
 way towards Basing, Colonel Morley, who was 
 now in command of the besiegers, had l^rought 
 a sconce or detached fort in the park '• to some 
 perfection." and by noon the watchers on the 
 walls can see that •■cannon baskets'' (i.e., 
 gabions, or hollow cylinders of basket-work, 
 varying in size from a diameter of JO inches to 
 six feet, with a height of from two feei, nine 
 inches to six feet) have been ranged in order, 
 indicating that a culverin has been placed in 
 position. The culverin weighed nearly .'iljcwt., 
 had a bore of .oi- inches in diameter, threw an 
 IHlb. shot, and required a charge of IHlbs. of 
 powder. They are not mistaken, and during 
 the afternoon .six 181b. shot came crasiiing into 
 the House and works. " Next day being Sunday 
 (their Cause allowes not now for Sabbath), 
 doubling their diligence throughout the 
 Leaguer (or siege works), the besiegers are 
 busy all day in completing the Redoubt at 
 Morley's Quirters in the Park, and on the 
 Towno (Basing) side towards a Mill, drawing a 
 Line from the Church." This latter operation 
 seems to have been designed to prevent the gar- 
 rison from communicating with Pyat's Hill and 
 Shertield. Nor was Colonel Cnslowe idle in tlie 
 lower road from Basingstoke, his red-coats 
 " raising a platforme in the I/me with so much 
 speed that the next morning a Demy Culverin 
 playes from it." The Demi Culverin weighed 
 about 27cwt., with a bore of 4^ inches in 
 diameter, and threw a !llb. shot with a charge 
 of Dibs, of powder. 
 
 There was not much sleep on the following 
 night. A messenger from loyal Oxford makes 
 his way through the besiegers' lines undercover 
 of the darkness. He is the bearer of glad 
 tidings' " informing us of His Majestie's suc- 
 cess against Waller at Cropready " (only two 
 days before). " We I'jcclioe it to our neighbours 
 with Volleys both of small and great, they 
 answering with their (Inns, battering our 
 
 Kitchen and Gatehouse, till a shot from our 
 platforme spoyling the Carriage silenced their 
 Demi Culverin " (in the lane.) 
 
 It will be remembered that some of the guns 
 were mounted on the House rn harhette. The 
 Gatehouse stood at the entrance of the circular 
 citadel, and this nocturnal artillery duel seems 
 to have been principally fought on the northern 
 side of the garrison. 
 
 In Sir Sibbald Scott's British Armj- (vol. I. p. 
 4(31) there is an amusing description of artillery 
 practice in 1G4'2. " A man upon his tower, with 
 a flag in his hand, cryed them aime whilst they 
 discharged their cannon, saying " Wide, my 
 lord, on the right hand ; now wide two yards on 
 the left ; two yards over, my lord, &c." Some 
 few events of importance took place during this 
 month of June, 1644, in other parts of the 
 country, which claim brief notice at our hands. 
 
 On the la.st day of May the Speaker issued 
 his warrant "for pressing a bark at Portsmouth 
 to go upon special service " to Lyme Regis, then 
 besieged by Prince Maurice. This naval i-ein- 
 forcoment probably contributed to the subse- 
 quent raising of tlie siege. 
 
 On Tuesday, June .")th, ever zealous Captain 
 Swanloy received the thanks of the House, and 
 a gold chain, of the value of 'I'ML, " for good 
 service at the Isle of Wight, Pembroke, and 
 Caermartlienshire," Captain .Smitli. " his Vioc- 
 Admiral, ' being at the same time presented 
 witli a gold chain worth lUii/. Both these 
 officers also received medals, a fact which is 
 specially noted, these honourable badges of dis- 
 tinction being then far less common than they 
 are at present. 
 
 The Earl of Warwick. Lord Admiral of tlie 
 Parliamentarian fleet, having captured 2000 
 stand of arms at sea, "JOil of them were sent 
 forthwith to the Isle of Wight, as Kl.OiM liad 
 been ordered to be distributed " about Hants 
 and those parts." 
 
 On June .Wd it was ordered by the Hou.se of 
 Commons, that Sir Thomas Jervoisc, Knight. 
 Roburt Wallop. Ricli:ud Wliitelicad, l-^sq., should 
 be directed to take steps within one month, for 
 the sequestration of the estates of Papists and 
 delin(iuents of a less value than 12, 000/., witiiin 
 the cities of London and AVestminster, and to 
 apply the proceeds to the liquidation of the 
 8000/. due as arrears to the garrisons of Ports- 
 mouth, and of Hurst, Southsea, and Calshot 
 Castles. On Saturday. June "-'"JncLaii ordinance
 
 :)8 
 
 Kiv \i, I'im;.\( iikfjs. 
 
 was brought forward for the appointment of 
 John liislo, Es(i.. M.P. for Winchestor.as Master 
 of tlu' Hospital of St. Cross, in the place of 
 ^Villia^l Luwis, wholuul sliownhinistlf a staunch 
 adherent of the Kinj^. Two days previously 
 Cajjtain liaxter. Mr. ]\Iatthews. ol Newport, Mr. 
 NVilliaiii iNIaynard, and Sir Gregory Norton, were 
 ailiii'd to the Parliamentarian Committee for the 
 Isle of Wight, five members of which were to 
 form a (luorum. The weekly assessment of the 
 Island was not to exceed 50/., and Mr. Lisle was 
 directed to write to the Committee requesting 
 them " to give countenance and encouragement 
 to the godly ministers sent into that island." 
 On Saturday, June 2"Jnd, it was known in 
 London that the Rev. Aaron Crosfield had been 
 brought before the Committee of the Isle of 
 AVight, for saying that " he that would not join 
 with Prince Rupert against the Parliament was 
 a traitor and a rebel." Parson Cros- 
 field had been shut out of his own 
 church by some of his parishioners " who desired 
 to hear an honest godly man sent to them by 
 the Parliament, but this Crosfield was cross 
 indeed."" and, sending for his surplice, he 
 preached to a small congregation in the church 
 porch, whilst the "honest godly man'" addressed 
 a numerous audience in the school house. Lady 
 Norton, the wife of Sir Gregory Norton, "had 
 
 repetition of sermons in her house, " which so 
 greatly enraged the adhenmts of the Rev. 
 Aaron Crosfield, that tliey were ready to 
 demolisli the knight"s mansion. Sir Gregory 
 Norton, Mr. Edwards, and Mr. Lisle were firm 
 friends to the cause of the Parliament in the 
 island, " countenancing good ministers there, 
 such as Bellars, &c.," and also sending 300 
 bushels of corn to supply the wants of some 
 scantily supplied troops. 
 
 On Thursday, June 27th. Hugh Peters, whom 
 we shall meet again, as a chaplain at the sack 
 of Basing House, and who had already received 
 a grant of books to the value of KX)/. from 
 Archbishop Laud's " particular private study," 
 was presented by Parliament with the volumes 
 still remaining there, which weie valued at 40/. 
 more. It would be interesting to know the 
 nature of the 140/. worth of books which filled 
 the shelves of Laud's '• particular private study !" 
 
 On Sunday, June 30th. a party of Cavaliers 
 in the neighbourhood of Andover took posses- 
 sion of sixteen waggons laden with cloth on 
 their way from Wiltshire to London. The 
 same detachment on anotlier occasion .seized 40 
 pack-horses which were going to the west from 
 London, and only released them on payment of 
 40/. Thus ended the month of June. 1644.
 
 Chaptkk XXIII. — Forays in Hants— Wixchestkk Castlk — Tin; "Tin; Goi.ur.N Sln"— 
 Affairs at Basing — Tiik Siicge Contintes — Summons to Surrender — Bomijard- 
 MENT — Messages to Oxford — Attack and Defence — Salisbury Cathedrae — A 
 XiGUT Attack — Defence of Isle of Wight — Stuuborn Basing — Expected Sik- 
 RENDER — Successful Sorties — Hopes of Relief — Cornet Bryan Captured — 
 Hostilities Continue — Essex Surrenders. 
 
 On Monday, July 1st, 1644, the House of 
 Commons ordered "500 musquets to be lent with 
 their equipage to the Basing House forces, and 
 '200 musquets with their equipage, borrowed of 
 the gentlemen of the Isle of Wight, to be 
 returned to them." A man-of-war equipped by 
 certain London merchants had lately brought 
 into Cowes a ship having on board 8000 stand 
 of arms and much ammunition, all of which 
 were supposed to be "going to Exeter." The 
 aforesaid 700 muskets were now ordered "to be 
 taken out of the prize ship at Cowes," and if 
 the ship sliould not prove to be lawful prize, the 
 merchants who claimed to be the owners of her 
 cargo were to receive compensation "out of the 
 Segovia wools brought from Weymouth." 
 
 The Cavalier garrison of Winchester Castle 
 still held out, and "Mercurius Aulicus " says on 
 July "ind, "Since Alresford Fight (March "J'Jth), 
 the rebels have often faced Winchester Castle, but 
 have still been repulsed, and never went off 
 without their errand." But on the following 
 day a journal of opposite politics asserts that 
 the Cavaliers were plundering the neighbour- 
 hood of Winchester, had cut the throat of a 
 miller, had outraged women, and were carrying 
 about a petticoat upon the point of a sword, 
 exclaiming, " This is the Parliament's colours!" 
 On Wednesday. July loth, Lord Hopton was 
 said to be raiding in Hampshire at the head of 
 1000 horse, Colonels Popham and Ludlow, the 
 latter of whom is described as " that faithful 
 patriot. Colonel Luillow, High Sheriff of Wilt- 
 shire," being unable to keep him in check as 
 Colonel Norton had done, more especially as the 
 mass of the people were but ill-affected towards 
 
 the Parliament. On the same day the Com- 
 mittee for Hampshire, three of whom consti- 
 tuted a quorum, were ordered by Parliament to 
 be diligent in raising both men and money, so 
 that a force of (5'iO infantry, 100 horse, and loo 
 dragoons might be ready to march on July "JOth. 
 for service near Oxford, and at the discretion 
 of Parliament. This contingent formed part 
 of the 10.000 foot, 1700 horse, and V.V>o 
 dragoons then being raised in several counties 
 for the service of the Parliament. 
 
 During this month the House of Commons 
 ordered t'.ie sum of 2501. to be paid of Lord 
 Capel's woods "to the widow of Colonel Mel- 
 drum," slain in their service (at Cheriton). and 
 ;')()/. to another like widow." Great must have 
 been the havoc wrought by the order in the 
 pleasant woodlands at Abbot's AVorthy. 
 Although Colonel Xorton was actively besieging 
 Basing House. .Sir Richard Norton, of Rother- 
 field. who had been created a baronet on May 
 •28rd, 1(5J2, was a staunch Cavalier, and 
 one of the Commissioners of Array for 
 Hampshire. He was now ordered to appear 
 before a Committee of Parliament, and on .luly 
 loth, 1()44. a letter, written by the Committee 
 at Basingstoke four days previously, was read in 
 the House. It stated that Sir Richard liad 
 been sent up to London under arrest, where- 
 upon he was "committed to Lord Petre's 
 house during the pleasure of the House." This 
 loyal and persecuted baronet paid a fine of 
 lOOOZ. for his estate on March Gtli. Ifi4,"t. and 
 died in l().v_'. 
 
 On Tliursday, July 18th, a hostile newspaper 
 tells us that Sir William Ogle, the Covernor of
 
 I (')0 
 
 Till. (Joi.DKN Sin." 
 
 Wiiiclifhti r Ciisllf, '• .1 givat pluiiduror,' had 
 KOiiio roiirtouii days previously sunt out a force 
 consisting of .">() horse, (K) niuskctoeis, and 40 
 pikcmcn. The cavalry entered the town of 
 Andover. the infantry having meanwhile halted 
 at a distance of some three miles. A convoy 
 was intercepted, and sixteen waggons, laden 
 with cloth, cheese, oil, &c., (JO (or 1)4) oxen, and 
 3(3 horses, coming from the western counties, 
 were captured. Wiih this plunder, whicli was 
 valued at more than ()()()( )/., the Cavaliers retired 
 unmolested to Winclicster. Sir Wdliam Ogle 
 had taken from " the Master of Winchester 
 College fifteen oxtn and three hogsheads of 
 beer, upon suspicion that he was a Roundhead."' 
 The College autliorities sent a complaint to 
 Oxford, whereupon Sir William Ogle compen- 
 sated them with fifteen oxen which he had 
 taken in a foraj-, thus " robljing Peter to pay 
 Paul." 
 
 On July 2iind "Mercurius Aulicus'' says 
 *• Winchester Castle is made fit by Sir William 
 Ogle for entertaining Sir William the Conqueror 
 (Waller), and the enemy often face Winchester 
 Castle, and are still repulsed."" Mercurius 
 Britannicus also admits " by the same token 
 they about Winchester Castle have not yet 
 recovered it." The ever active Colonel Norton 
 was on July 2Uth reported to be attacking 
 Donnington Castle, near Newbury, and five 
 days afterwards to be watching with his cavalry 
 to hinder the garrison of AVinchcster Castle 
 from plundering. On Wednesday, July •24th, 
 we hear that the garrison of Portsmouth had 
 been largely reinforced, and was in future to be 
 maintained at a cost of oUO/. per month from 
 the excise duties levied throughout Hampshire, 
 with the exception of the town of Southampton, 
 and the Isle of Wight. 
 
 A ship belonging to the King of Denmark, 
 named the Golden Sun, and under the command 
 of Captain Nicolas Ruter, had been detained at 
 Portsmouth on suspicion of having been 
 chartered by the Cavaliers. On Saturday, Oct. 
 jth, 1(j44, it was ordered that " Lieut. -Colonel 
 Roe do deliver from store to the Committee 
 of the West oUU Danish Forks, Clubs, or Round- 
 heads taken on board the Danish ship."' On 
 December 4th, the ship was reported to be 
 leaking, and the Hous" of Commons authorised 
 the caretakers to break open the hatches and to 
 remove the cargo to a place of safety, to be 
 appointed by the Committee of the Navy. The 
 
 ship and cargo were, after long delay, eventually 
 released by order of Parliament. After the 
 battle of Cropredy JJridge, which was fought 
 on June J'Jth, Sir William Waller lost half his 
 army by d scrtion. and " had been roaming 
 about Oxford with his rapidly decreasing iorces 
 in a very unoffensive manner. " Writing from 
 Farnham he a.sks for supplies, and '• expresseth 
 his forwardnes.s to assist tlie Lord General 
 (E.ssex), and calls the (iod of heaven to witness 
 it is not his fault, and wisheth the lilood and 
 infamy may rest on the heads of them that lay 
 obstructions in the w ly, averring that if money 
 cannot be had he will march without it. That 
 he desires nothing more under God than to be 
 able to march, and that no fault shall be found 
 in him." 
 
 But let us return to Basing House. On 
 Wednesday, July 3rd, the garrison was said to 
 be well supplied, especially with corn and bacon, 
 although malt and beer were somewhat less 
 plentiful. The besiegers had captured ten 
 foragers from the House, and from the " Weekly 
 Account" of the same date we learn that the 
 siege works were already within pistol-.shot, or, 
 according to the " Diary of the Siege," " within 
 half musket-shot."' The enemy kept up a con- 
 tinuous fire, and two or three of the garrison 
 were killed or wounded daily whilst on duty 
 within the House. *" They shoot the Marquisse 
 himself through his cloathes. The cairiage of 
 their piece being now repaired, they now renew 
 their battery on the House, unto the detriment 
 and topping of our towers and chimnies." 
 
 On Thursday, July 4th, there was " stinking 
 beef thrown over Basing Walls,'" owing to a 
 deficiency of salt. The '" Weekly Account"" 
 contains a letter written about this time in the 
 besiegers' lines : — " Sir, — I doubt not but you 
 would gladly heere how things stand with us, 
 for this House hath not onely been a great annoy- 
 ance to all the country round about it. but hath 
 been « meanes to stop up the trading out of the 
 AVest to London by robbing and pillaging the 
 carriers and clothcers that came from them. It 
 standing near unto the direct road, and there- 
 fore, both for the subduing of those that are in 
 it in arms against the Parliament (which are 
 Papists and Arch-]\Ialignants). and tor the pre- 
 vention of the foresaid mischiefs hereafter, we 
 have closely besieged the s;ime, and are intrenched 
 within Pistol shot of the House, so that none 
 can enter in or out. Since our throwing up a
 
 Slmmoxs to Sukkknukr. 
 
 IGl 
 
 trench against thorn the Enemy aie very still, 
 which before were lavish in their Powder, 
 though to little purpose. Captain "Warn came 
 lately from I'limmouth unto us, and we hope 
 they cannot long hold out. 
 
 From before Basing, July Tith, 1G^4.'" 
 
 Force having hitherto failed, the besiegers try 
 the effect of stratagem, and on the morning of 
 the 8th of July " they assay to draw us forth 
 by making an alarme to themselves (leaving 
 their piece neglected without a guard), but,"' 
 says the Diary, " fade.'" In the evening a 
 Cavalier prisoner makes a bold dasli for free- 
 dom, and escapes to the house under file of a 
 hundred muskets. This " so chafed tliem that 
 they continue firing untill midnight, and shot 
 two of our men." Next morning Colonel 
 Ouslowe's Surrey redcoats arc reinforced by 
 four companies of their comrades. The new 
 comers advance somewhat heedlessly. At once 
 there is a flash and a sharp report, followed by 
 two others in quick succession as they " have 
 three shot placed amongst them from our 
 minion, making them change their march to 
 troop at further distance." A mmion was a 
 gun weighing nearly lOcwt., with a li^in. bore, 
 throvving a 4Ub. shot with a 4^1b. charge of 
 powder. 
 
 On July 11th a company from Southampton, 
 seven score strong, marched up from Southamp- 
 ton to join Colonel r>Ioiley, by way of Hack- 
 wood, " unto HoUowaye's JNlill" (tlie site of 
 which is not easily to be fixed with certainty). 
 Having been thus strongly reinforced. Colonel 
 Morley thought fit to summon the Marquis to 
 surrender the stoutly defended fortress. Colonel 
 Norton being absent, he would, if successful, 
 obtain much credit by gaining possession of the 
 house. 
 
 The besieged were keeping a fast on July 12th, 
 when he "' sends by a drum this harsh demand, 
 written with his left hand, for which he was 
 afterwards marlced in the shoulder, which 
 spoiled his Clearkship ever since : " — 
 
 " Mv L()iii),-To avoid the effusion of Christian 
 blood, 1 have tliought fit to send your Lordship 
 this sumnKjns to demand Jiasing House to be 
 delivered to me for the use of (the) King and 
 Parliament ; if this be refused the ensuing 
 inconvenience will rest upon you (yourselfe). 
 I desire your speedy answer, and Rest, My Lord. 
 Your humble servant, 
 
 HKKUliUT MoKLEV." 
 
 The messenger liad not long to wait. *• The 
 Marquisse upon small deliberation returned Mr. 
 Morley this answere." (" And had this sudain 
 answer "). To this my Lord Marquis sent a 
 speedy answer, which not long after he sealed 
 with a bullet, which seemed to relate to these 
 his Lordship's words sent to Master Morley : — 
 
 "Sii{, — It is a crooked Demand, and shall 
 receive its answer suitable. I keep this House 
 in the Kight of my Soveraigne, and will do it 
 in despight of your Forces. Your Letter 1 will 
 preserve (reserve) in testimony of your llebellion. 
 
 \VlNClli:.STEK." 
 
 " Tliis is returned by a drum, with directions. 
 ' Hast, hast, hast, post hast ' upon the letter. 
 Morley speaks his clioller from his gunns, which 
 now and some dales following played on our 
 Waterhouse." 
 
 Things were getting serious in Basing House. 
 
 The " True Informer"" states on July loth that 
 the besiegers numbered some 3(J(JU horse and foot, 
 who •' have planted two pieces of battery against 
 it, whicli halli beat down divers of the chimneys 
 and made some bi-eaches in the house. They are 
 in some distress for want of salt and wood, with- 
 out whicli they cannot long subsist, so tiiat they 
 are in great expectations that the house will be 
 surrendered, or otherwise they are resolved to 
 batter and storm it." 
 
 The" Scottisii Dove" of July IJth is jubilant : 
 " Greenland House is taken, and it will not be 
 long before Basing House be in the same case 
 to beg for a Parliamentary passe.'" 
 
 Greenland House was surrendered after a 
 brave resistance of six months. Claremlon says 
 (Bk. Vlll.) : '• Greenland House could not pos- 
 sibly be longer defended, the whole structure 
 being beaten down by the cannon." AVith 
 playful sarcasm it is recorded on July 12th : — 
 "Colouell Onslowes men courteously permitting 
 eight of our foot to fetcli six beasts grazing 
 before their workes. At niglit Coronet (Cornet) 
 Bryan and some troopers passing a messenger by 
 Coudri'ye's Downe (to Oxford) bring in two 
 prisoners. ' Tliis capture was of great service 
 to the besieged, for it was announced in 
 London on July l;jth that an assault would 
 have been made upon Basing House had not 
 "two men througii negligence taken prisoners," 
 given information to the gariison. A letter 
 written at Basing on July lijth alluding to the 
 construction of mines, says that Colonel Norton 
 was then quartered in 13asingstokc, and that
 
 IG-J 
 
 MnasAiiKs to Oxiokd. 
 
 Colonel Jones, the Governor of Farnham Castle, 
 oociipii'd Hasiii<f Church, whilst Colonels Onslow, 
 Morli'V, ami Wliitchi-ad were cntrcnclicd round 
 the House. The besiegers were iiOO I in number. 
 Some of the cliimncys of the liouse had been 
 battered down, and a few small brcaclies had 
 been made. The garrison was very quiet, and 
 a prisoner reported a scarcity of meat, and 
 tiiat there was " only puddly and bad water to 
 drink." 
 
 On July 18th a flaring bonfire in the park and 
 two volleys along the whole line proclaimed a 
 welcome to (he Parliamentary Committee sent 
 to liasingstoke to urge forward matters at 
 stubborn Basing. 
 
 Clarendon says that the weather at the end 
 of June was very warm, and heat now began to 
 increase the distress of the defenders. The 
 " Court Mercuric "' of July 20th has the follow- 
 ing : — " The Seidge at Basing House still con- 
 tinues, as weearecredibly informed (however the 
 Malignants may pretend the contrary), the 
 besiegers have planted some pieces of battery 
 against it, and made divers breaches through 
 the house, and are resolved in case they refuse 
 to surrender it speedily to storme it, the 
 besiedgcd say that they have plenty of meat, 
 but so tainted by reason of the weather and for 
 ■want of salt and seasoning, that it is very 
 infectious, and many of them have dyed lately 
 through the extremity of the disease it has bred 
 among them." The water supply seems at all 
 times to have been abundant, though not always 
 of good quality. 
 
 Foreign engineers had done their best to 
 strengthen Basing, for in " A Looking Glass 
 for tlie Popish Garrisons " we read : — •' Could 
 those tall walls, bulwarkes, and forts that were 
 cast up by the subtill art of the forraign 
 engineers be scaled without a fall 'i " Having, 
 however, been throAvn up in haste they were "in 
 many places slender, and nowhere finished." 
 
 On July 'JOtli a party of musketeers sally out, 
 and do some execution in the lane before they 
 are ordered to retire, and at the same time a 
 captain of Colonel Morley's regiment is killed 
 by a shot from the works. Two hours after- 
 wards a drum is sent into the garrison with 
 letters for the exchange of prisoners, but really 
 to inform the Cavaliers that Colonel Norton 
 had returned in safety from the defeat of Sir 
 William Waller at Cropredy Bridge, and to gain 
 time to draw one if not two mortar pieces 
 
 secretly to the trenches, from which as noon as 
 the drum had returned, a sliell of KOlb. is fired 
 during the evening into the house, " concluding 
 their devotion and the day with thundering 
 from their culverins, two Csliot) passed tlirough 
 the ((uarters where our sick men lay, but with- 
 out hurt." 
 
 At Donnington Castle, the friend and ally of 
 Basing House, there were fired " a .000 and odd 
 bullets, most of them ;)till).. some six, some TJ." 
 
 Mr. Boutcll saj's f Arms and Armour p. '1?A) : 
 "Until about the middle of the 17th century 
 mortars were invariably discharged by double 
 firing. Tlie process of loading, while this system 
 of firing prevailed, was very slow and tedious. 
 After the powder had been placed in the 
 chamber of the mortar it was closed in by a 
 wooden board or shutter made to fit the bore of 
 the piece : then this board was covered with 
 turf, and. over the turf, again, earth was placed ; 
 and. finally, on the earth the shell with its live 
 or lighted fusee was made to rest in such a 
 manner that it was only partially enclosed 
 witliin the mortar. All this required time. 
 The gunner lighted the fusee of tlio shell with 
 one hand, while with the other hand he fired the 
 mortar from which it would be discharged." 
 
 The morning of the 'I'lnd. sij's the " Diary of 
 the Siege," saw the enemy's lines much advanced, 
 and a sconce or redoubt finislied, which was 
 intended to prevent their battery in the Park 
 from being attacked on the flank. The Marquis 
 himself is wounded by a bullet, and two men 
 are killed by chance shot. Another account says, 
 " The hurt within is not much, the Marquis 
 hurt, two men killed by chain shot." A small 
 gun called a cabonet had its carriage broken by 
 a shot from one of the besiegers" culverins. The 
 cabonet fired projectiles of not more than ^Ibs. 
 in weight. The followiiig night being dark and 
 stormy, tried and trusty Edward Jeffrey, whose 
 name is still continued in Basingstoke, is des- 
 patched to Oxford. But the same night that 
 favoured the mufiled-up trooper with his load of 
 despatches close to his heart, favoured also the 
 stealthy flight of 8 Roundhead prisoners, who 
 got back to their leaguer with reports that made 
 " our allowance of great shot to be next day 
 doubled, and at night more granadoes." 
 
 Honest Edward Jeffrey was, no doubt, in 
 disguise, for we are told that the Royalists were 
 constantly passing through the country for 
 Parliament men. with orange tawny scarfs and
 
 Salisir'rv Catiikdkai,. 
 
 163 
 
 ribands. He carried news of successful resist- 
 ances, which was, of course, speedily exaggerated, 
 for to the Royal army near Crediton in Devon- 
 shire came " Newes this day (Satterday, 27th 
 July, 1044) that Basing House had slayne many 
 of the besiegers, and had raised the siege which 
 had laync b^^^fore to it long."' 
 
 Wednesday, July ■24th, must have been a 
 very wet day, and on the following day the 
 low grounds were flooded, and " the trenches 
 on the to wnn (Basing) side in the Meads flote 
 with the quantity of rain that fell, thereby 
 forcing tliem to lye more open to our towers, 
 from whence our Markes men spoyled divers." 
 
 Nor did the enemy fare better elsewhere. On 
 the other side towards the Basingstoke Bulwark, 
 the garrison had constructed " a Blind," or a 
 structure of timber, covered with earth and 
 loopholed, from which sped forth a deadly 
 leaden hail. 
 
 Under cover of tlie darkness a strong Puritan 
 working party is sent into the trenches near the 
 lane, but •' two pieces charged with case (shot) so 
 luckily are placed upon them that they were 
 lieard comphiin tlioir suffering."' 
 
 Early next morning, the musketeers are again 
 at their loop-holes in "the Blind," and pick off 
 an officer and several men. A cow is seen graz- 
 ing, and the grunt of poor piggy is heard near 
 the blind and the Basingstoke Bulwark. A 
 trooper gallops fortli in search of milk and bacon, 
 and piggy and the cow are led away captive, 
 under cover of volleys from both sides. Colonel 
 Norton's men getting the worst of it. All the 
 evening long is heard the cannon's roar, and six 
 shells in addition hurtle through the air. One 
 fails in tli<^ granary and spoils some corn, and two 
 others fail to explode. Shell practice and half 
 rations combined are too much for weak nerves, 
 and "at night two souldiers run to them." 
 
 The morning of July 27th sliows a traverse 
 or mound of earth, about the height of a man, 
 across the meadow from the burnt mill (nearly 
 opposite the present dove-cot) conimamliiig the 
 way to tlie blind, wliich had proved so disastrous 
 to the enemy on the previous day. Nor had 
 Colonel Morley been idle. He had made his 
 quarter more secure by enclosing the nearer side 
 of an old orchard. 
 
 Stone shot can do good service sometimes. 
 During the night six stones of the same size as 
 the BGlb. shells are hurled from one of the mor- 
 tars. "Each day continuing like allowance. 
 
 these and the granades for awhile seemed trouble- 
 some, but afterwards become by custom so 
 familiar to the souldier, that the}' were called as 
 they counted them, Babies (i.e. Baubles), their 
 mischiefes only lighting on the house, and that 
 the lesse, our courts being large and many."' 
 
 " Mercurius Aulicus " tells us that Sunday 
 July 2Hth, was an eventful day. Lieutenant 
 Culfand, oi" the Marquis" regiment, and Cornet 
 Bryan, of Lieutenant-Colonel Peake's troop, 
 sallied forth at the head of forty horse, charged 
 the rebels in their worlvs, killing between twenty 
 and thirty of them, and capturing ten prisoners. 
 They also •■ took an Orange Colour of Horse, 
 and one Trumpet, and pursued the rebels to 
 Basingstoke's towno's end, slashing and doing 
 execution all the way."' On the iJ'lth of July a 
 jet of flame from Basing Church tells that a 
 culverin has been planted there, for the purpose 
 of breaching a tower from which Cavalier marks- 
 men had caused much annoyance to the enemy 
 in that direction. Firing continued from the 
 other guns already in [losition. So " ends the 
 yeare of the place's being garrisoned, and the 
 second month of the Leaguer" (i.e. siege.) The 
 Cathedr il clergy at Salisbury now shared in the 
 troubles of the Civil War. On August 3rd, 
 Lieut. -General Middleton wrote to the House 
 of Commons, saying that certain plate, hangings, 
 copes, cushions, and a pulpit cloth had been 
 " seized on by the common soldiers in Salisbury 
 Church," and five days afterwards the articles 
 in question were "all brought in to the view of 
 the House."" It was thereupon ordered that the 
 plate and pulpit cloth should be restored to the 
 Cathedral, the superstitious representations 
 upon them having been first defaced. The copes, 
 hangings, and cushions, having first been 
 similarly defaced, were to be sent back to Sir 
 William Waller to be sold, and the proceeds 
 were then to be shared " among the soldiers that 
 took them, and brought them up !" 
 
 Amongst the earliest Laws and Ordinances of 
 War established lor the army undi'r the Earl of 
 Essex in 1()4;5, it was ordered "all such who 
 shall violate places of pnlilic worship to undergo 
 severe censure." ]}ut if the proceeds of such 
 violation were thus shareil amongst the 
 plunderers, few would hesitate to incur the 
 censure. 
 
 On August 4th it was reported from South- 
 ampton that IDi) infantry from that town, 
 together with four troops of horse under Capt.
 
 164 
 
 A .\m;ht Attai k. 
 
 Braxtono, brother to tlio Mayor of WinchcHter, 
 and Captiiins Firlder, S.mtbrook, and Thomas 
 liottworth. jun. (IJittoswortFi, whoso liome was 
 in the Cathedral Close), were facing Winoh<stcr, 
 as tho gates both of the city and castle had been, 
 at the instigation of tlie clergy, shut against the 
 forces of tlie Parliament. 
 
 Captain Thomas Bccsworth (Hettesworth) 
 with some fourteen horse had ridden fortli from 
 the headquarters, whicli had been cstal)lished 
 within two miles of Winchester, in order to 
 transact business with some other officers. 
 Returning " about midniglit he found his watch 
 of horse not set," whicli made him suspect tlie 
 presence of a hostile force. Xone such, how- 
 ever, appeared, and Captain Bettesworth and 
 his men advanced up to the city wall without 
 attracting observation, and by the help of a 
 heap of rubbish effected an entrance through an 
 unguarded breach. Two men were left in 
 charge of the horses of the party, and the rest 
 hurried through the silent streets hoping to 
 secure the sleeping Mayor, together with some 
 of the Royalist clergy. They were, however, dis- 
 covered, and at once there rang out the cry of 
 "Arm! Arm!" forcing them to beat a hasty 
 retreat. They, however, succeeded in carrying 
 off four Cavalier prisoners, who were forthwith 
 sent under escort to Southampton. 
 
 A letter Avritten in the Isle of AVight on 
 August 8th, states that " persecuted godly 
 ministers" were taking refuge there, and gaining 
 over numerous adherents for the Parliament. 
 Sir Gregory Norton was a staunch partisan of 
 the same cause. Many of the inhabitants 
 objected to the raising of a large force for the 
 defence of the island, which was already pro- 
 tected by KiO men and .30 guns. The Parlia- 
 ment allowed 3000/. per annum for purpose of 
 defence, and had also given the local Committee 
 authority to raise a larger amount if necessary. 
 The Earl of Pembroke had been settling various 
 matters in the island, and was said to be "much 
 affected with honest godly preachers ; he hears 
 their sermons frequently, and is in converse 
 with them ordinarily, and hath much improved 
 his o\\n and the public's good." On Wednes- 
 day, August "J 1st. the "Committee for placing 
 well affeeted ministers in Hants," was ordez'ed 
 to assemble at three o'clock in the afternoon at 
 the Exchequer, and also at whatever other times 
 they might think tit, six members forming a 
 quorum. The Earl of Pembroke found that 
 
 "all tlic companies they liad there except 
 Bondman's were dislnnded, and tliree of them 
 gone out of the island, whereof Sir Gregory 
 Norton's was ono,' but ho nevertheless per- 
 suaded the Commissioners and gentlemen of 
 the island " to send .')'(() able and expert .soldiers" 
 to tho army of the Earl of Essex, who was then 
 in Corn will. On Monday the Lieutenant of 
 the ordnance was ordered to .send ''a ton of 
 bullet, with proportion of match, to the Isle of 
 Wight." The Committ3e of the West were 
 also to send thither five hundred swords and 
 thro 3 hundred bandoliers, which were to be paid 
 for from the fine of one-twentieth part of his 
 estate assessed upon Mr. Palmer, then a prisoner 
 in the Fleet. 
 
 On August 1st, a Kentish regiment under the 
 command of Sir Michael Livesay, was quartered 
 at Chobham, in Surrey, in readiness to aid the 
 besiegers of Basing House. Sir AVilliam Waller 
 was himself in London, but his army, consisting 
 of .3500 horse, and 1 ")')0 foot, was at Abingdon, 
 Newbridge, and other places near Oxford, with the 
 garrison of which city there were continued skir- 
 mishes. The siege of Basing House was mean- 
 while in active progress, and on July 31st it is 
 evident that the enemy mean to come to close 
 quarters. One of the defences of the hou.se is 
 known as " Basing Bulwarke. " and within half 
 musket shot of this by the woodside. " towards 
 Basing towne a little wood" another platform 
 is commenced. " Towards evening praying, the 
 shot (it hiving been their fast) tliey spared aU 
 day." At night they ran a trench from the 
 church to their work at the woodside. Four of 
 the garrison deserted, and exaggerated the 
 damage done by stones and gi^enades, whereupon 
 they '' send us store, one whereof firing our hay, 
 falling into the barne. had done much hurt, had 
 not our diligence soon quenched it."' 
 
 Hitherto the soldiers had been on guard for 
 4'-> hours at a time, but this being found too 
 harassing, the garrison was divided into two 
 pai'ts, who relieved each other every •J4 hours. 
 Gentlemen and troopers also did their part, and 
 the ]Nrarquis highly commends them for 
 having throughout the siege performed the 
 duties of both cavalry and infantry (with the 
 exception of standing sentry). Th^y took part 
 in all sallies, sometimes on hor.seback and at 
 other times on foot, armed with muskets or 
 brown bills. For seven weeks did they main- 
 tain their horses with grass and sedge, which
 
 Stubborn Basing. 
 
 165 
 
 they cut at night, at the risk of their lives, 
 close to the enemy's works. 
 
 A letter sent from Basingstoke to London on 
 Thursday, August Ist, stated that the Vjcsioged 
 had suffered consideral^le loss from the shells 
 which h.id been hurled into the garrison. Nine 
 prisoners had escaped from the house, which 
 they said v.-as still well provisioned, but was 
 held only by " 25IJ men very weary of the 
 fort. They are very still in the house, and 
 answer neither by drum, trumpet, nor cannon." 
 
 There was good reason for this ominous 
 quietness, for on Saturday, August ;5rd, the 
 terrible malady of .small- pox was reported to 
 be raging in the garrison, so that many officers 
 were endeavouring to escape, either through 
 fear oi: infection or on account of private 
 quarrels. Some writers have concluded from 
 an expression in the ''Diary of the Siege" that 
 the gari ison were suifering from the effects of 
 theii' own licentiousness, but a hostile writer 
 distinctly states that small-pox was the malady 
 which was working havoc within the walls. It 
 was said that the King had counselled a sur- 
 render, but that Lord Winchester had made 
 reply " tliat, under His Majesty's favour, the 
 place was his, and that he was resolved to keep 
 it as long as he could." The besiegers about 
 this time received thirty more shells and some 
 additional mortarpieces. 
 
 On August 4th, an unsuccessful attack was 
 made upon the liouse, but one shell damaged the 
 building, as did also another •' beating down 
 part of the mill wall. ' There was now a rumour 
 in the Ijcsiogers' line, that provisions were 
 diminishing, and that a surrender might be 
 expected ere long. Colonel Norton preferred 
 starving out the garrison, to taking the place by 
 storm. Ttie cavaliers had liitherto been careful 
 of their men, expecting that the besiegers would 
 be strongly reinforced, but seeing that their num- 
 ber did not increase, bolder counsels were 
 adopted. '"Our" men were few in number, 
 much spent with labour, discouraged by divers 
 wants, and tlie prevalence of disease. The rebels 
 could be annoyed, and their works retarded, 
 whilst prisoners could be compelled to give useful 
 information. An able writer in " All the Year 
 Round" (April tth, ISTl), says:- "Almost at that 
 moment an opportunity set fire to the powder. 
 A party of Puritan foot can be seen from the 
 tower lying loosely like stray sheep in Waller's 
 Work, on tlie green slope of Cowdry Down. 
 
 There the Ivnaves are, the lazy loons, sprinkled 
 about like so much black pepper on a green cloth. 
 Out dash twenty cavalier horse (commanded 
 by Lieutenant Cuffand, a relative doubt- 
 less of Major Cuffand) while Cornet 
 Bryan, with 20 more wild fellows, slips in 
 between the other rogues and the hedge. Their 
 guard of horse stand in somewhat too looso 
 order. Hark, forward ! Hey there I spur all 
 together ; away run the louts flying like mad 
 dogs to Basingstoke ; every moment one is 
 sabx'ed or shot down, or torn off his liorso, with 
 a shako and a curse and a slash and a stab ; and 
 here comes Cornet Bryan, with eyes only for 
 one fair face blushing at him from the battle- 
 ments, with a trumpet in one hand and t'ueir 
 colours red and wet over his dusty slioulder. 
 Seven horses and three sour trooper prisoners 
 follow at his heels. Eleven of their foot were 
 left stretched out dead, and four bound and 
 dragged in prisoners — a pretty good haul for 
 one throw of the net, our men returning under 
 command of their cannon without the loss of a 
 man." At the commencement of this skirmish 
 the besiegers thought that the long-expected 
 relief had arrived, and began to fly in confusion 
 from their works in the Park, but speedily 
 discovering their mistake, they I'eturned, and 
 kept up a hot fire of shot and shell. Meanwhile 
 the prisoners who had been captured by Cornet 
 Bryan stated that the deserter from the garrison 
 had given information to the enemy tliat Basing 
 Bulwark was especially weak (as was indeed the 
 case), and that the next attack would be mado 
 in that quarter. All hands to work ! and Basing 
 Bulwark and other weak points ai'e strengthened 
 with hastily-constructed defences. The assail- 
 ants said that this sortie was made " to the 
 Grange Field about evening sermon time," and 
 admitted the capture of an ensign and a 
 trumpeter. On August 5th, which " Mercuriua 
 Aulicus" notes as being the anniversary of tho 
 celebrated Cowrie Conspiracy, Lords Saye and 
 Maitland reached the Hampshire Committee at 
 Basingstoke with instructions from tho Parlia- 
 ment. Colonel Norton was not to be caught 
 napping a second time, and it was now easy to 
 see that the guard at Waller's Work on Cowdrey 
 Down had been doubled, and pikes, evidently 
 intended to repel a cavalry charge, could be seen 
 glinting in the sun-light. The besiegers' cavalry 
 were also much more on the alert. In tho Park 
 tho siege works were now very close to tho
 
 IGG 
 
 SUC('E8SFUL SOKTIKS. 
 
 defenders' batteries, especially near the wood on 
 the side of the village. Cannonading went on 
 incessantly, great shot, stones, and three kinds 
 of shell bing lilerally rained upon the House. 
 The assailants w<re now close enough to throw 
 in hand-grenades as well. 
 
 Sueh is the daily programme until August 
 lOth, when Colonel Whithead brings up his 
 regiment, live <ompanies strong, through Basing- 
 stoke to Cowdrcy Down, and occupies tlic Delve, 
 a still existing clialk pit, which is now known 
 as Oliver Cromwell's Delve. This regiment had 
 scarcely been a month raised before it thus 
 marched to Basing, but it fought bravely never- 
 theless. Special mention is made of Cornet 
 Doven, who " being a mighty proper man flew 
 out .so desperately" that he took two helmets. 
 He is also said to have distinguished himself in 
 some unrecorded manner at Romsey Abbey 
 Church. 
 
 To give welcome and amusement to the new 
 comers, and to sliow what their guns can do to 
 "proud, stubborn, and malignant Basing," a 
 heavy fire is concentrated on " a round tower 
 in the old castle," which at length falls with a 
 heavy crasli. In the etching ascribed to Hollar 
 we see " The Tower that is Halfe Battered 
 Downe." As the siege guns were placed in the 
 Park, this statement throws some light on the 
 disputed question of the position of the old and 
 new houses. (See Chap. I.) 
 
 But the Marquis paid them back next morn- 
 ing in their own coin. Major Cuffand, in com- 
 mand of six files of musketeers and '20 troopers, 
 armed with brown bills, sallied forth into the 
 Park and attacked their outward lines, killing 
 some of them, burning their "blinds" and baskets, 
 and bringing off a mortar with store of arms 
 and tools, with a loss of only two men wounded. 
 During " the amazement " caused by this bold 
 sortie. Lieutenant Snow (who, from his name, 
 seems to have been Hampshire born) with 20 
 musketeers and 12 men armed with bills, 
 attacked the works in the lane (or lower i-oad) 
 and did considerable execution, breaking their 
 demi-oulverin, sotting fire to their guard-house 
 and baskets, and capturing, besides arms and 
 tools, a welcome supply of ammunition, which 
 proved most serviceable. The enemy were so 
 chafed by their misfortunes that Captain Oram 
 (who commanded the guard that day) was tried 
 by a court-martial for neglect and cowardice, 
 and cashiered, narrowly escaping with life. The 
 
 "Diary of the Siege*' is poor Captain Oram's best 
 witness, " For neglect and cowardice (running 
 as others then and after didj, holding corres- 
 pondence with the place (where no man knew 
 him), and .sending in ammunition (which was 
 never received) with the hazard of life is 
 cashiered their service. A sentence much like 
 that against tlie Earle of Strafford made with 
 caution not to be brought to president Cprece- 
 dent) for after times, least it too nearly might 
 concern themselves." 
 
 Captain Oram's family lived in the lower part 
 of the city of Winchester, and a token is-sued in 
 1604 by William Oram, wlio dwelt near the 
 Eastgate, and was the founder of the Winchester 
 Free School, is still in existence. 
 
 On Saturday, August 10th, Colonel Francis 
 Thompson, who had lost his leg at Cheriton 
 Fight, presented a petition, which was referred 
 from the Upper to the Lower House.to the effect 
 that he was " very infirm through the many 
 wounds ho has received, and was in great want 
 for supply of monies which arc due unto him 
 for his pay." Nine days afterwards Sir William 
 Waller was ordered to march westAvard forth- 
 with from Farnham with his horse and dragoons. 
 He was empowered to seize lioi-ses for his 
 expedition in the five western Associated 
 Counties, upon the security of the public faith, 
 and his infantry were when mounted to " have 
 the pay, officers and soldiers, as dragooneers." 
 Waller writes from Farnham on August 28th, 
 and also on September 1st, saying that he is 
 willing to marcli. on receipt of 500/., and of 
 horses for his mounted infantry. 
 
 Forage was scarce in Basing House, and, dur- 
 ing the night of August 11th, the encouraged 
 Cavaliers constructed an earthwork near the 
 Grange, near the foot of Cowdrey's Down, in 
 order to secure the meadows for the troopers, 
 who were obliged whenever the nights were 
 dark to sally forth to cut grass and sedge for 
 their horses. 
 
 During the next few days the besiegers con- 
 tinued to fire their culverins, but were chiefly 
 busied in the preparation of gabions, brushwood, 
 and turf, with a view to future operations.and in 
 filling gabions with grass, so that they might 
 the less readily be set on fire. 
 
 During this partial lull, let us see what 
 measures were being taken for the relief of 
 " Loyalty House.'" Clarendon says (Bk. viu.), 
 of Basing: — " It was so closely begirt before the
 
 Hopes of Relikk. 
 
 167 
 
 King's march into the West, and was looked 
 upon as a place of such importance, t lat when 
 the King sent notice to Oxford of his resolution 
 to march into the West (he set out on Monday, 
 July 1st), t le Council fiumbly desired His 
 Majesty that he would make Basing his way, 
 and thereby i-elievc it, which His Majesty found 
 would have retarded his march too much, and 
 might have invited Waller to follow him, and 
 therefore declined it. From that time, the 
 Marquis, by frequent expresses, importuned the 
 Lords of the Council to provide in some manner 
 for his relief, and not to suffer his Person, and a 
 place from whence the Rebels received so much 
 prejudice, to fall into their hands. The Lady 
 Marchioness, his wife, was then in Oxford (in 
 Murray's handbook for Hampshire, she is 
 credited with the authorship of the Diary of the 
 Siege), and solicited very diligently the timely 
 preservation of her husband ; which made every 
 bod}' desire to gratify her, being a Lady of 
 great lionour and alliance, as sister to the Earl 
 of Essex, and to the Lady Marchioness of 
 Hertford ; who was likewise in the town, and 
 engaged her husband to take this business to 
 heart, and all the Roman Catholics, who were 
 numerous in the town, looked upon themselves 
 as concerned to contribute all they could to the 
 good work, and so offered to list themselves and 
 their servants in the Service." 
 
 " The CouncU, both on publick and private 
 motives, was very heartily disposed to effect it ; 
 and had several conferences together, and with 
 the officers ; in all of which the Govcrnour too 
 reasonably opposed tlie design as full of more 
 difficulties, and liable to greater damages than 
 any soldier who understood command would 
 expose himself and the King's Service to ; and 
 protested that ho would not suffer any of the 
 small garrison that was under his charge to be 
 hazarded in the attempt." (The Governor of 
 Oxford was Sir Arthur Aston, who was after- 
 wards killed at the storming of Drogheda.) " It 
 was very true, liasing was near 40 miles from 
 Oxford, and in the way between them, the 
 enemy had a strong garrison of Horse and Foot 
 at Abingdon, and as strong at Reading, whoso 
 horse every day vi.sitcd all the higliways near, 
 besides a body ofIlor.se and Dragoons quartered 
 at Newbury ; so that it appeared to most men 
 hardly possible to send a party to Basing, and 
 impos3il>le for tliat party to return to Oxford, 
 if they should be able to get to Basing." 
 
 Stout "Loyalty House" was therefore left 
 for the present to shift for itself, which it was 
 very well able to do. Messengers still con- 
 trived to make their way to the King, for about 
 this time " a party of horse broke out by night 
 and rode away for Wallingfoidor Oxford." At 
 the dead of night on August I'Jth, Colonel 
 Norton's drums beat to arms and the Cavaliers 
 expect an assault, but do not cease their labour 
 at their new works on the side towards the vil- 
 lage. Between three and four o'clock in the 
 mornmg a trumpet sounds clear and shrill from 
 out the Delve or chalk pit on Cowdrey's Down, 
 and at once 50 musketeers made a fierce attack 
 upon Lord Winchester's working parties, but 
 are speedily repulsed. Simultaneously GO other 
 musketeers.under cover of the little wood which 
 proved such an annoyance to the besieged, suc- 
 ceed in reaching the moat close to the royalist 
 batteries, but are received with well-directed 
 volleys by the guard stationed at the park bul- 
 wark which flanked the ditch, whereupon they 
 retire in haste, some of them flinging aAvay their 
 arms in their flight. Three guns loaded with 
 case shot open fire upon the fugitives, whose 
 retreat is covered bj- a heavy cannonade from 
 their own works. Thinking it necessary to con- 
 nect the large fort in the park with the works 
 in and about the lower road or 1 me. Colonel 
 Norton's engineers commence a trencli for that 
 purpose. The cannon are silent all the next day, 
 but after dark there is another fals;,' alaim. 
 
 Towards the evening of Wednesdaj', August 
 14th, Lieut. Cuffand and that wild horseman 
 Cornet Bryan pull on their big buff Loots, toss 
 off a sufficient dose of sack, and ride forth each 
 at the head of twenty horse and forty muske- 
 teers to Cowdrey's Down, where they drive the 
 foot from Waller's Work, rout the guard of 
 Jiorse, and chase them as far as Basingstoke. 
 Reinforced, the Roundheads roll liack tlie tide of 
 victory. Brave Cornet Bryan antl a trooper are 
 knocked down and hemmed in, three others being 
 wounded meanwhile, and Ensign Amory, a Lon- 
 don vintner, killed. The sortie is, nevertheless, 
 successful. The loss of the enemy is lieavy, and 
 there are captured, Lieut. Cooper, a corporal of 
 horse, and seven others, who say that four 
 days previously. Colonel Morley had been 
 wounded by a bullet in tlie -shoulder, 
 whilst inspecting the works in the park. 
 The accounts published in London of tliis affair 
 stated that about fifty horsemen rode out of the
 
 168 
 
 CoKMT BUVAN CaI'TUKI.D. 
 
 house on tlie Basingstoke side, intending to 
 break tluough Colonel Modey's (luaitors in the 
 park, but they niarchod up to Colonel Onsluwe'a 
 quarters in the lower road and close towards 
 Basingstoke, because " upon the borders of these 
 two Colonels' (juarters they intended to break 
 through." The enemy were, however, on the 
 alert, and gave them a warm reception, killing 
 seven of them, capturing five, and cutting off 
 the retreat to tlie house of either ten or seven- 
 teen others, who fled, "among which one is 
 supposed to be a very eminent commander," 
 either Lord Winchester, Sir Marmaduko 
 Rawdon, or some person of distinction, but 
 who was. in reality, brave Cornet Bryan. The 
 rest of the party were beaten into the house 
 witli loss, and some of them were wounded. 
 The captive Cavaliers on being questioned said 
 that •• the garrison holds out, Ijecausethe king's 
 party will show them no favour if they surrender, 
 and were they out, they know not how to live or 
 where, most of them being broken citizens and 
 notorious Papists." 
 
 The capture of Cornet Bryan was duly 
 reported to tlie House of Commons on August 
 2 1st, by Colonel Jones, who reached l.ondon on 
 that day. He also stated that Farnham Castle 
 was in a good state of defence, being threatened 
 by no enemy, and that as the besiegers of Basing 
 Hi)use had three infantry regiments before it, 
 he had withdrawn his two White Companies 
 from Basing to Farnham. The besiegers had 
 made a large breach on the east side of tlie 
 house near the park. Two days. August 15th 
 and 16th, were spent in negotiations lor an 
 exchange of prisoners. One wounded Cavalier 
 was exchanged for three of the enemy in like 
 condition. The garrison " offering Lieutenant 
 Cooper and the Corporal (both stout men, 
 wounded, and taken fighting) for our Coronet 
 (Cornet Bryan), but would not be accepted, so 
 much tliey valued him !" You would have 
 been a V.C. now-a-days. Comet Bryan ! 
 
 The parley being at an end, hostilities recom- 
 menced, three sliells being thrown in during the 
 night, one of which did not explode. 
 
 From Sir Edward Walker, Secretary of His 
 Majesty's Council of War, we learn that prepara- 
 tions were now actively making for the relief of 
 the gallant little garrison. In " His Majesty's 
 Happy Progress and Success from the SHth of 
 March to the 23rd of November, 1644," we read : 
 — •' August 14th. Xow in this time of expectation 
 
 wo had leisure to enquire after the actions of 
 those rebels we had left behind us. and in what 
 conditions His Majesty's Carrisons stood, 
 whereof Basing we left besieged, and Banbury 
 and Donnington Castles were since suri'ounded 
 by the Rebels." 
 
 On the night of August 16th. a deserter from 
 the garrison gives information of an intended 
 sortie in the direction of Waller's AVork and 
 the Delve on Cowdrcy Downe, to protect which 
 latter point a battery has been for some days in 
 process of construction. Thus forewarned, they 
 strengthen Waller's Work with gabions. The 
 sortie is, however, at first most successful. The 
 300 men of Colonel Whitehead's regiment, who 
 were quartered in the Delve, fly from it for 
 their lives, carrying their colours with them. 
 The Royalist troopers are over keen in pursuit, 
 and the enemy are speedily reinforced. It is 
 now indeed time to draw rein, for, see, the mus- 
 keteers from Holloway's Mill are lining the 
 hedges of the meadows in force. Only the 
 coming up of the infantry from the house 
 saves those bold riders from destruction. During 
 the evening a culverin is placed in the newly- 
 raised battery at the Delve, which, together 
 with the culverin near the church, keeps up a 
 fire upon the house. During the night three 
 more of the garrison desert. 
 
 The 19th of August is a full noisy day. A 
 demi-cannon. throwing a 301b. shot, with a 
 charge of L'Slbs. of powder, is got up to the 
 battery near the wood, and the enemy fire 48 
 shot. On the two following days they expended 
 eight score more rounds, the least shot dis- 
 charged weighing 181bs., besides shells. Two 
 men are killed and two others " mischieved." 
 Lord Winchester's Viest iron gun is " broken," 
 and a breach made in one of the square towers, 
 besides damage to the battery in front of it. 
 This last injury officers and soldiers alike take 
 spado in hand to repair, with the result of 
 making it able to resist 6iilb. shot, whereas 
 before field pieces had left evident traces upon it. 
 
 A hostile letter from Basing, which was ijub- 
 lished in the "Weekly Account" on Friday. Aug. 
 2.3rd, speaks of the capture of Cornet Bryan, of 
 the great breach which had been made in the 
 house, and of considerable damage done to Lord 
 Winchester's private apartments by cannon 
 shot. The writer continues. " and that a bullet 
 came through in his own bedchamber, liimself 
 being at that very instant time in bed, which
 
 Hostilities Continue. 
 
 1G9 
 
 had like to have put him iuto the very same 
 deportment as his father the old Marquis was iu 
 
 for he was so struck with fear 
 
 that he leaped out of his bed, and rau into 
 another room without his breeches, crying out 
 that he wondered how the Roundheads could 
 find him out, for he thought he had been safe 
 in his bed I"' During the weekending August 
 27th, ten Roundhead prisoners " in the New 
 prison at Basing'" had made a rope ladder, and 
 endeavoured to escape, but were caught in the 
 act, and only one got clear off. This seems to 
 show that the garrison prison was situated in 
 the New House. 
 
 The fire slackens on Thursday, August 22nd, 
 and they '■ permit the night enjoy its proper 
 silence, disturbed only by such whose basenesse 
 prompted tliem with hope to gaine by craft 
 what by their force they could not, shooting 
 Notes fixed to arrowes with proffers of prefer- 
 ment to tlio souldier perswading mutinies, and 
 labouring divisions 'twixt the regiments, leaving 
 no stoue unturned, but all in vaine, except the 
 gaining some faint-hearted knaves." 
 
 We may judge of the character of these 
 missives from what occurred at the siege of 
 Gloucester, as related in John Vicar's Parlia- 
 mentary Chronicle (p. 40.j), "Sunday, Sept. 
 3rd, 10-13 :— 
 
 In which said dayes af ternoone a paper was 
 shot upon an arrow into the towne, wherein 
 were tliese u'ords : — 
 
 " Theac are to let you understand that your God 
 Waller bath forsaken you, and hath retired hunself to 
 the Tower of London. Essex is beaten like a dog. 
 Yield to the Kin;i'8 mercio in time, otherwise if wo 
 enter perforce no quarter for such ohstinate traiterly 
 ro;,'ue8. From a Wel-Wishek." 
 
 To which presently upon another arrow was 
 returned this answer: — 
 "Waller's no god of ours, base rogues yee lye ; 
 
 Our God .survives from all eternity. 
 Though Essex beaten be, as you do say, 
 
 Rome's yoke we purpose never to o1 oy. 
 But for our cabajjcs which ye have eaten, 
 
 He sure, ere loni;. ye shall be soundly beaten. 
 Quarter wco'l aske ye none ; if wo fall downe 
 Kinj,' Charles will lose true subjects with the 
 towne." 
 So saycs your best friend, if you make timely use of 
 him Nicholas cudj,'oll you well." 
 
 *• Roundheads,'' "'carrett beards,'' and ''Essex 
 calves" were some of the pleasant names applied 
 by the Cavalier to his opponents in tliis 
 fratricidal war. 
 
 The 23rd and 24th of August are signalised 
 in Basing House by the unwelcome arrival of 
 cross bar shot, logs of wood bound with iron 
 hoops, and shells, '* whereof two miss firing. 
 Two more run to them." 
 
 The heavy battery near the wood with its 
 30-pounder having greatly torn the tower, tho 
 besiegers on the 25tli August commence a 
 battery within pistol shot on the side of Basing 
 village, in order to complete its deuiolitiou. Two 
 men of the garrison arc killed, and a third 
 maimed by artillery fire in other (juarters. '' In 
 the park they shew a Sow made for their 
 musquetiers, thrusting before them for to play 
 behind.'' The Sow was '• made with boards 
 lined witii wool to dead the shot." There is a 
 sketch of this very curious macliine in Grose's 
 Mditary Antiquities. At Corfo Cistle, in th") 
 preceding year, boards, hair, and wool for making 
 a sow against tiie Castle cost 21. 3s. 4d. The 
 machine liad three truckle wheels, audits failure 
 at Corfo Castle is thus described : — • 
 
 '• Tlie first that moved forward was the sow, 
 but not being musket proof she cast nine out of 
 eleven of her farrow ; for the musketeers from 
 the castle were so good marksmen at their legs, 
 the only part of all their bodies left without 
 defence, that nine ran away as well as tlieir 
 broken and battered legs would give them leave, 
 and of tlie two which knew neither how to run 
 away nor well t(j stay for fear, one was slain." 
 
 Two desertions from Basing House on this, 
 and four more on the following niglit ! This 
 will never do. One would-be deserter has been 
 caught in the act, and is at once hanged, where- 
 upon" for along time not one man that stirred, 
 though our necessities grew fast upon us, now 
 drinking water, and for some weeks making our 
 bread with pease and oats, our stock of wiicat 
 being spent." Hard times, truly! 
 
 The besiegers now extend theii- lines almost 
 completely round the house, forming the line 
 of circumvallation wliich, according to Hugh 
 Peters, was more thaii a mile iu circumference. 
 A hostile redoubt is also constructed opposite to 
 the Basingstoke Bulwark. Its site is perhaps 
 marked by a still existing mound. Tho garrison 
 are reluctantly compelled to abandon the work 
 on Cuwdrey Down, which secured io them tho 
 command of tlie meadows, as it is too much 
 exposed, and they Iiave not sufficient men to 
 hold it. The enemy's culverin in tho battery 
 at the Delve liaviug been broken, another is
 
 170 
 
 Essex Surrenders. 
 
 substituted, which opens fire on August 28th. 
 Tlio ^noxt night five horses grazing in the 
 mo.idowa arc carried oil to Norton's lines, and 
 twenty-four hours afterwards two troopers 
 cutting grass are also captured. 
 
 The ever-active foe now divert the course of 
 the river Loddon, hoping thus to be able to get 
 possession of the Grange, but the construction 
 of a dam, which increases the depth of water, 
 frustrates their hopes. 
 
 So ends the month of August, 16-14, the 
 events of which are thus summarised by 
 another author : — 
 
 " For a fortnight the besiegers fell a-batter- 
 ing. Having torn the Tower, they fall upon 
 the House side next the Town, making a work 
 within pistol-shot, and, because of short com- 
 mons within, some of cowardice get out to the 
 enemy. Whilst necessities increased, no bever- 
 age but water, no bread but of pease and oats, 
 other corn all spent." 
 
 Two of the besiegers' cannon had been ren- 
 dered useless during the recent bombardment, 
 either through being overloaded or from too 
 rapid firing, but other heavy guns had recently 
 been sent from Portsmouth, and others were 
 expected to arrive from thence ere long. 
 
 The Earl of Essex agreed, at the instigation of 
 Lord Roberts (or Robartes), a man of impetu- 
 ous disposition and full of contradictions, to 
 invade loyal Cornwall, whither he was quickly 
 followed by the King in person, and speedily 
 
 reduced to extremities. The Parliament were 
 extremely anxious that Waller, who on August 
 2!)th was at Farnham with no large force, sliould 
 at once march to the relief of Essex. This he 
 professed his readiness to do, on being joined 
 by some Kentish regiments numbering 1500 
 horse and foot, by Colonel Stapley, who was on 
 the march from Chichester with .OUO old soldiers, 
 and by 500 additional troops from the Isle of 
 Wight. Various reinforcements had, on 
 September lOtli, raised the strength of his 
 army to 4000 men. But on August Slst, " the 
 slow-going, inarticulate, indignant, somewhat 
 elephantine man," as Carlyle styles the Earl of 
 Essex, was forced by the King to surrender at 
 Fowey, in Cornwall. 
 
 After the surrender it was agreed that Essex's 
 infantry (his cavalry had escaped without the 
 loss of a man) should be secured from plunder, 
 by the protection of a convoy to either Poole or 
 Southampton. 
 
 Clarendon (Bk. VIII.) continues:—" Of the 
 6000, for so many marched out of Foy, there 
 did not a third part come as far as Southamp- 
 ton, whore the King's convoy left them ; to 
 which Skippon gave a large testimony under 
 his hand ' that they had carried themselves 
 with great civility towards them, and fully com- 
 plied with their obligation.' " 
 
 We shall meet with Essex and his army again 
 ere long.
 
 (JilAPTER XXIV. — RkCRL'ITING BASING AGAIN SUMMONED — RENEWED BOMBARDMEXT — 
 
 Proposed Riclif.f — Sorties in Force — Lady Waller — A Puritan Army — Relief 
 AT Last — Colonel Gage — The Relieving Force — The March to Basing— Loyalty 
 House Saved — Retreat to Oxford. 
 
 On Sunday, Septembor Ist, Sir William 
 Waller had received a reinforcement of 1200 
 or more infantry at Farnham, and on the same 
 day the House of Commons voted a weekly 
 assessment, to continue for twelve months, by 
 which li'.o/. per week was to be raised in Hamp- 
 shire, in which county Winchester, Southamp- 
 ton, and the Isle of Wight were by name 
 included. On September Ist, likewise it was 
 ordered that (3000 foot arms, 6000 coats, 
 breeches, shirts, stockings, shoes, and caps 
 should be sent to Portsmouth for distribution 
 to the infantry of Essex's army, " and 500 pairs 
 of pistols for recruiting the Lord General's 
 horse." Many of these arms and stores, together 
 with much powder and ammunition, were sent 
 to Portsmouth on Sunday and Monday, Sep- 
 tember sth and Dth, Essex having appointed 
 that fortress as a place of rendezvous for his 
 army. He himself was at Portsmouth on Sep- 
 tember 14th. The following Chronogram was 
 circulated amongst Cavaliers after the defeat of 
 Essex in Cornwall : — 
 •' VI Vat Rex CoMcs EsseXIV's DIssIpatVr." 
 
 For the large Roman capital letters substi- 
 tute the equivalent Arabic numerals, add them 
 up, and the result gives the correct date, 1644. 
 
 The Earl of Pembroke received the thanks of 
 the House of Commons on September Und, for 
 raising soldiers in the Isle of Wight. The Par- 
 liamentarian Committee for the Island were 
 ordered to send these men by sea to Lyraington, 
 Christchurch, or Weymouth, so as to meet at 
 any coavenient rendezvous Sir William Waller, 
 who on September 6th wrote from Farnham, 
 saying that he was starting westward with all 
 diligence. 
 
 On September 7th Waller was supplied with 
 lis barrels of powder, at a cost of 4;J0/. 7s. 6d., 
 and he on the same day granted a commission to 
 Colonel Popham, Major Ludlow, and others to 
 raise a regiment of horse from the western 
 counties, in which Ludlow was to command a 
 troop. Essex had shamefully left his army in 
 Cornwall to its fate, but on September 7th, 
 within a week of his disgraceful llight, he was 
 informed by the Speakers of the two Houses, 
 *' that his fidelity and merit in the public ser- 
 vice is not lessened ; and they are resolved not 
 to be wanting in their best endeavours for the 
 repairing of this loss.'" 
 
 Prince Rupert was expected to march into 
 the southern counties, and orders were accord- 
 ingly issued on September 7th to Sir William 
 Waller and the Earl of Manchester to advance 
 with all speed towards Dorchester, so as to check 
 the advance of the King's army. The Earl of 
 Manchester i-eached Huntingdon with his army 
 on Sept. 8th, and was directed to march west- 
 ward towards Abingdon witli all possible expedi- 
 tion, and to send advertisement of his progress 
 as he advanced. The town of Wareham. in 
 Dorsetshire, had been lield for the King by some 
 500 Irishmen, who about this time surrendered 
 theii trust to the Parliament, and on September 
 7th Colonel Jephson was ordered to billet these 
 500 soldiers at Hayling Island. They were to 
 receive the sum of 12n0/. and 300 old muskets, 
 which were then in the public magazine, under 
 the charge of Lieut. -Colonel Roe. Ships were 
 also to be employed or chartered at a cost of 
 200/. to convey these men back to Ireland. Sir 
 William Waller was at Blandford on September 
 20th, and on the previous day Es^ex writes from
 
 172 
 
 Basing again Stjmmonkd. 
 
 Portsmoutli concerning tlio dofcnco of tho town 
 against tlio advancing army oE tho King. A 
 portion of Essex's army was on Scptcmher 
 21st at Southampton, daily receiving much 
 needed supplies, and four days afterwards lio 
 wrote to tho Parliament saying that lie had re- 
 ceived 'AO cartloads of clothing for his infantry. 
 On Sept. '24th it was decided that tho old estab- 
 lishment of Hurst Castle, which was costing [>0l. 
 per month, should bo defrayed by the Com- 
 mittee of tho Revenue, but that all extra 
 expenses were to be charged upon the Hundred 
 of Christchurch. 
 
 Two days afterwards Colonel Butler, who had 
 been put under arrest together with Colonel 
 "Weare, they having experienced some reverses 
 in tho retreat from Lostwithiel, and being 
 suspected of a design to betray tho army of 
 Essex to the King, was sent up in custody from 
 Portsmouth to London, and committed to the 
 Tower, where he was " to have none come near 
 him, or attend upon him, but such as ho will 
 bo answerable for." 
 
 Authority was given to Sir William "Waller, 
 on September 27th, to impress 500 horses for 
 his cavalry, and 600 for his train of artillery. 
 £9000 was also voted for artillery for the Earl 
 of Essex. Of this sum 3000/. was to be paid at 
 once, 3000/. at tho end of three months, and the 
 remainder at the expiration of six months. Essex 
 was also empowered to impress horses in Berks, 
 Hants, Wilts, Dorset, Oxford, Somerset, and 
 Devon. Xot more than two were to be taken 
 from any one team, and they wore to be paid 
 for by tho Committee of the County. The 
 Markmaster was to mark them, and he and his 
 assistants were to be both cashiered and 
 punished if they spared tho horses of any one 
 except Members or Assistants to Parliament. 
 
 On September 28th many of the Earl of 
 Manchester's horse, under the command of 
 Colonel Oliver Cromwell, were between Andover 
 and Salisbury, in readiness to effect a junction 
 with Sir William Waller, if the King should 
 march in that direction, as wore also 500 horse 
 which Essex had sent to Marlborough. 
 
 Tho last day of September saw oOO saddles 
 and furniture voted for the army of the Earl 
 of Essex, and also a sum of 240/. for the supply 
 of the chests of sixteen surgeons, who were to 
 DO attached to this force. 15/. was allowed for 
 each surgeon's chest, the money was paid to the 
 Master and Wardens of the Barber Surgeon's 
 
 Company, and tho Master and Wardens of tho 
 Apothecaries' Company were directed to examine 
 tho chests and drugs. 
 
 Mrs. Jane Fane, the daughter of Colonel 
 Anthony Fane, who fell during Waller's attack 
 on Farnham Castle in lij42, [(refuted a petition 
 saying that she had been granted, but had never 
 received, a sum of 1500/. out of the profits of 
 tho Court of Wards. This money was now 
 ordered to be paid. AVilliam Kingsmill, Esq., 
 late Sheriff of Hants, was with others directed 
 to collect the arrears of the wc kly assessment 
 of 125/. Sir William Waller was at Shaftes- 
 bury, and the Earl of Essex at Portsmouth. 
 
 Colonel Norton, at Basing, was hopeful that 
 famine and bombardment had at length broken 
 the spirit of the little garrison, and accordingly, 
 on Monday, 2nd Sept., after keeping up a hot 
 fire all the morning, he sent, together with pro- 
 posals for an exchange of prisoners, the follow- 
 ing summons : — 
 
 " My Loud, — These are in the name and by 
 the authority of the Parliament of England, the 
 highest Court of Justice in this kingd'ome. to 
 demand the House and Garrison of Basing to be 
 delivered to me, to be disposed of according to 
 Order of Parliament. And hereof I expect your 
 answer by this Drum, within one hower after 
 the receipt hereof. In the mean time I rest, 
 Your's to servo you, 
 
 Rich. Norton. 
 
 From the quarters before Basing, 
 the 2 of Sept., in the afternoone," — 
 (''forenoone'' says ''Mer. Aulicus.'j 
 
 It does not take long to write an answer, and 
 "the noble Marquis sufficiently understood the 
 language of these three last yeares, and there- 
 fore instantly returning the Rebel this answer" :- 
 
 " SiJ{, — Whereas (your demands pretend 
 authority of Parliament) you demand the House 
 and Garrison of Basing by a protended authority 
 of Parliament. I (make this) answer, that with- 
 out the King there can be no Parliament, but 
 by His Majesties Commission I keep this (the) 
 place, and without his absolute command shall 
 not deliver it to any pretenders whatsoever. 
 I am, your's to servo you. 
 
 Basing, 2 Sept." Wixciii>ti:r. 
 
 No sooner has Colonel Norton road this reply 
 than his new battery on the Basing side of the 
 house fires within six hours 120 shot of 18 and 
 GO lbs. weight, small shot likewise coming thick 
 and fast, with the result of foundering one of
 
 PkOI'O.SKI) Rklikk 
 
 173 
 
 the yreat brick towers, probably th:it of which 
 the foundations are still distinctly visible on the 
 slope al)ove the canal, and which seems to have 
 been situated at one of the corners of the house, 
 and wall us killins^ three men, and woundinij a 
 woman. The debris of the tower completely 
 blocked up one end of an adjacent curtain (a 
 line of wall connecting two bastions), neces- 
 sitatint( the construction of a traverse or mound 
 of eartli, from seven to ten feet in hei'.,dit, to 
 prevent the other end of the curtain from l)eing 
 enfiladed by shot, which would speedily have 
 dismounted the guns and proved altogether 
 ruinous. A traverse being a defensible parapet, 
 is a formidable obstacle to a storming party. Its 
 thickness varies according to the fire to which 
 it is exposed. All hands are busy in strengthen- 
 ing the neighbouring bulwark, which had been 
 damaged by the heavj' cannonade. Xext d.ay only 
 20 great sliot are fired, and the enemy's guns 
 having been damaged by too rapid firing, are 
 drawn off to Farnham. and new ones substituted, 
 which had been sent from Portsmouth. During 
 the night the line of circumvallation is brought 
 nearer to the Grange from the side of Basing- 
 stoke, thus almost completely encircling the 
 garrison. No more sorties can now be made to 
 Cowdry's Down, and the earthwork there which 
 the Cavaliers have not occupied for som? days, 
 on account of its exposed position and their 
 own paucity of numbers, is " slighted" or 
 destroyed. 
 
 The Marquis has all this time been sending 
 messengers to Oxford Avith new importunities 
 and a positive declaration " that he could not 
 defend it above ten days, and must then submit 
 to the worst conditions the rebels Ave re like to 
 grant to his person and to his religion ;" and 
 new instances from liis Lady prevailed with the 
 Lords to enter upon a ncAV consultation, in 
 wliich the Governour (Sir Arthur Aston) per- 
 .sisted in his old resolution " that lie Avould not 
 suffer any of the small garrison that was under 
 his charge to be hazarded in the attempt ' as 
 seeing no cause to change it !' " 
 
 " In this debate Colonel Gage (of whom more 
 hereafter) declared ' that though he thought 
 the service full of hazard, especially for the 
 return, yet if the Lords would, by listing their 
 own servants, perswade the gentlemen in the 
 town to do the like, and eng.age their own 
 persons, whereby a good troop or two of horse 
 might be raised (upon which the princii)al 
 
 dependence must be), he would willingly, if 
 there were nobody else thought fitter for it, 
 undertake the conduct of them himself, and 
 hoped he .should give a good ac-ount of it; 
 wliich being offer'd Avith great chearefulness by 
 a person of whose prudence, as avcII as courage, 
 they had a full confidence, they all resolved to 
 do the utmost that Avas in their power to make 
 it effectual." (Clarendon. Bk. MIL) 
 
 The garrison at Basing is told to expect relief 
 on AVedne.sday. the 4th of September. The 
 anxiously expected day finds every man on the 
 alert, but noon strikes, and no signs of relief 
 appear. To raise the spirits of the disappointed 
 soldiers, Lieuts. Snow and Byfield. and Ensign 
 Outram are ordered to command a sortie in 
 force. Lieut. Byfield seems to have been related 
 to the Rev. Adoniram BA"field, rector of CoUing- 
 bourne Ducis. and one of tlie fcAv persons who 
 have been by name stigmatised by Butler in 
 Iludibras. Adoniram Byfield Avas a Parliamen- 
 tarian, chaplain to Colonel Cholmondeley's 
 regiment, and the father of Dr. Byfield the 
 celebrated " Sal Volatile Doctor." Avho in his 
 epitaph is said to be " Diu volatilis,tandem fixus" 
 — " Long volatile, fixed at last !" 
 
 The three officers above named are each in com- 
 mand of twelve troopers armed Avith broAvn bills, 
 and eigliteen musketeers, and Avithout delay are 
 sent to attack Colonel OnsloAve's quarters in the 
 park, in three several places. Tliey succeed 
 beyond expectation, capturing the enemy's 
 redoubts, and a demi cuh'erin or '.l-poundcr. 
 This gun they draAv nearer to the bouse, but are 
 obliged to retreat, Avith alossof three men killed 
 and one Avounded. some guns having opened fire 
 upon th m Avith case shot. Tiiey bring in three 
 prisoners, in order to obtain useful information, 
 but make no effort to secure more. " our gaole 
 being full. " Thei'e is plenty of cannonading on 
 both .sides, and a successful .sortie is made to the 
 Delve on CoAvdry's DoAvn. Sir William Waller 
 at the head of tAvo troops of liorse, lias reached 
 Basingstoke tAvo hours before the commence- 
 ment of tln^ skirmish, and " came fortli to see 
 the sport, and Avith his horse facing the House, 
 too near on CoAvdrey's Down, they had their 
 Captaine killed Avitli round shot from our works." 
 The enemy acknoAvlege a loss this day of 60 
 privates, tAvo gunners, and tAvo lieutenants killed, 
 and tAvelve dangerously wounded. One of the 
 lieutenants belonging to Sir William, and 
 brought by curiosity to see the Leaguer, i.s there
 
 174 
 
 li.\i)V \V.\i,i.i;i:. 
 
 slain. Thioo othuia of the garrison aro slightly 
 woundL'd Ijy eartli and stones thrown up by an 
 181b. sliot. At night in attomj)! is niadcj to bring 
 in the culvorin captured in tlie park, but it proves 
 too iieavy a task. Tlio enemy's guards are 
 doubled, and twelve royalist musketeers keep a 
 strict watch over the gun. 
 
 " Mercurius Aulicus," on Wednesday, Sep- 
 tember 4th, says that Sir William Waller 
 arrived " with his pretty portable army and his 
 ■wonderful lady." Lady Waller had considerable 
 reputation as a preacher, and the journalist adds 
 that the sortie was successful, tli rough the sol- 
 diers running " out of tlie trench to see, or 
 rather to hear her," their comrades keeping but 
 careless Avatch meanwhile. The captured gun 
 is said to have been one of the largest of those 
 in position against the House, and was brought 
 within pistol sliot of the defences, when it was 
 unfortunately overturned. The Cavaliers at 
 Oxford hoped that during the following week 
 Basing would be relieved, and that they would 
 hear that '' Colonels Onslow, Norton, White- 
 head, Jones, and horrible Herbert Morley. are 
 all grinning mad !" Burton's War's in England 
 says (p. 113.) — " And now comes Sir AVilliam 
 Waller again, and with some troops faces the 
 House, on whom the besieged played from their 
 works." 
 
 On September .')th, however, it was reported 
 in London that a Puritan prisoner who had 
 escaped from the House had brought word to 
 the besiegers that various officers of the garrison 
 had sewn up money and plate in their clothes, 
 hoping to be able to escape, which they often 
 attempted to do, but to no purpose, all sorties 
 being repulsed with loss, so that a speedy surren- 
 der was expected " upon reasonable composition." 
 
 The Parliamentarians, in their account of 
 the night attempt to carry off the overturned 
 gun to the House, said that their watch was 
 asleep, admitted a loss of eight men killed and 
 twelve others taken prisoner.^, and added that 
 the besieged made a second sortie, in the hope 
 of securing a dray laden with beer, but were 
 repulsed with the loss of some prisoners. 
 
 During this and the following day (Septem- 
 ber 5th) the assailants fire fifty shot from their 
 new battery near the wood, in the direction of 
 the village, battering down a stack of chim- 
 neys, and making a wide bi-each in the Xew 
 House. Towards evening Sir William Waller's 
 army comes in sight, marching westward. Two 
 
 companies of infantry go by way of Hack- 
 wood, and are followed next evening by two 
 other companies, two waggons, and twelve 
 troops of horse. On the next day (September 
 7th) the fire from the enemy's batteries ceases 
 at noon, and the garrison have lei.sure to watch 
 two strong regiments of twenty companies 
 marching in the same direction as the cavalry. 
 Two companies of white-coats turn in to Basing- 
 stoke, together with ten guns of various sizes, 
 which are guarded by a yellow company. For 
 the last four nights all the men have been kept 
 at their posts, as they are also to-night, as an 
 attack is by no means improbable. But the 
 only disturbance is that of tongues, some of 
 Colonel Norton's men asserting that Sir 
 William Waller will storm the place next 
 morning, and disputing with the new comers as 
 to the distribution of the expected plunder. But 
 Waller is an.xious to move westward, and has 
 learnt already by bitter experience the strength 
 of Basing, so that he is by no means eager to 
 try conclusions with it again. So he marches 
 away and " We againe with our old guests are 
 left to try it out, grown now so mute upon this 
 parting as in 4S houres we heare but of two 
 Culverin (islb.) shot, next day recovering heart, 
 they tell us 22. and resting .some daies past now 
 find their worke again." But the long looked 
 for relief was now near at hand. Although the 
 King had been fighting the Earl of Essex in the 
 west, he was by no means unmindful of the 
 necessities of Lord Winchester, for on AVednes- 
 day, September 11th, Sir Edw. Walker, 
 Secretary of His ^Majesty's Council of War, 
 thus writes : '• Having many difficulties to pass 
 before he (the King) made his winter quarters, 
 likewise remembering that Basing and Banbury 
 were then closely besieged, &c." 
 
 Preparations had for some time, as we have 
 already seen. been making at Oxford to d- spatch 
 a party to the relief of the Hampshire fortress, 
 and the garrison had been led to expect aid on 
 September 4th, but a week's delay was unavoida- 
 ble, and eventually proved the safety of the 
 expedition. For had Sir Wm. Waller been still 
 hovering with his forces about Farnham, as he 
 had been the week before, it would have been 
 " in probability a hazard, whether they had 
 releived us, or preserved themselves." 
 
 But all things being now prepared, action was 
 at once taken. Several somewhat varying 
 accounts of this gallant enterprise are found in
 
 CoLoxKL Ga(;i:. 
 
 175 
 
 "Clarendon" (Bk. VIII.), Colonel Gage's 
 "Official Report," the "Life of Sir Henry 
 Gage," published at Oxford in 104.'), the "Diary 
 of the Siege," " Woodward's History of Hamp- 
 shire'," " Mercurius Aulicus," '' Whitelocke's 
 Memorials," &c. 
 
 In the last chapter we have seen Colonel Gage 
 offering himself as the leader of the relieving 
 expedition. Let us now learn what manner of 
 man he was. He had been in command of the 
 English regiment in Flanders, and at tiie com- 
 meucemcnt of the war had unsuccessfully tried 
 to procure for the King from the Spanish 
 Government of Flanders G()0(,) infantry and 400 
 cavalry. He afterwards obtained leave to make 
 offer of his services to the King, and had not 
 long reached Oxford, where he was appointed 
 to the command of one portion of the town, 
 and to assist the very unpopular governor, Sir 
 Arthur Ashton. Colonel G<age " was in trutii 
 a very extraordinary Man, of a large and very 
 graceful Person, of an Honourable extraction, 
 his Grandfather (Sir John Gage) having been 
 Knight of the Garter ; besides his great experi- 
 ence and abilities as a Soldier, which were very 
 eminent, he had very great parts of breeding, 
 being a very good scholar in the polite parts of 
 Learning, a great Master in the Spanish and 
 Italian Tongues, besides the French and Dutch, 
 which he spoke in great perfection ; having 
 scarce been in England in 20 years before. He 
 was likewise very conversant in Courts ; having 
 for many years been much esteemed in that of 
 the Arch-Duke and Duchess, Albert and Isabella, 
 at Brussels ; which was a very great and 
 regular Court at that time ; so that he deserved 
 to be looked upon as a very wise and accom- 
 plislied Person. Of this Gentleman, tlie Lords 
 of the Ciiuncil had a singular esteem, and con- 
 sulted fre({uently with liim, whilst they looked 
 to bo besieged ; and thought Oxford to be the 
 more secure for his being in it, which rendered 
 him so ungrateful (unpopular) to the Governor, 
 Sir Arthur, that he crossed him in anything he 
 proposed, and hated him perfectly, as they were 
 of Natures and Manners as different as men 
 can be." 
 
 Colonel Gage and Sir Arthur Aston were 
 Ijotii Roman Catholics. Such a gallant deliverer 
 had Loyalty Hou.se. 
 
 Clarendon says, moreovor(Bk. VIII ), " There 
 was al)out this time, by the surrender of Green- 
 land House (which could not possibly l^e longer 
 
 defended, the whole structure having been 
 beaten down by the cannon) the regiment of 
 Colonel Hawkins marched into Oxford, amount- 
 ing to near iJOn, to wliich as many joined as 
 made it up 400 men." Colonel Gage says 
 " with somewhat more than 400 musquetiers of 
 Her 3Iajest3'"s and Colonel Hawkin's regiment, 
 and 2oO liorse of my Lord Treasurer's Regi- 
 ment, commanded by Colonel Webb of Sir 
 Arthur Aston's regiment (or " the Governour's 
 Troops") commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Buncle." According to " Mercuriua Auliua" 
 Major Windebank, who in the following year 
 was shot for surrendering Bletchington House 
 to Cromwell (April 13th, 104.0), commanded the 
 foot. The cavalry, or " Horse Gentlemen 
 Volunteers," are thus described by Clarendon : 
 " The Lords mounted th -ir servants upon their 
 own horses, and tliey witli the Volunteers, who 
 frankly listed themselves, amounted to a body 
 of 'J.")! I very good horse, all put under the com- 
 mand of Colonel William Webb, an excellent 
 officer, bred up in Flanders in some emulation 
 with Colonel Gage, and who, upon the Catholic 
 interest, was at this time contented to .serve 
 under him." Colonel Gage was therefore in 
 supreme command, Colonel Webb acting as 
 Brigadier, whilst Lieut.-Colonel Buncle com- 
 manded the 250 horse of my Lord Treasurer's 
 regiment. There was also another body of 
 hor.sc under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Sir 
 AV'illiam Campion, who was Governor of Boar- 
 stall House, a stronghold on the western verge 
 of Buckinghamshire, two miles from Brill, and 
 half way between Oxford and Aylesburj'. which 
 Colonel Gage had not long before retaken and 
 garrisoned for tlio King. Sir William Campion 
 in this time of need ventured to bring his 
 cavalry force to the relief of Basing. Twelve 
 barrels of powder and 1200lb. weight of match 
 were taken for the supply of the besieged 
 garrison. Sir S. D. Scott says (British Army, 
 vol. 11. p. 311), "Match was made of cotton or 
 hemp, spun slack, and boiled in a strong solution 
 of saltpetre, or in the lees of wine. It was 
 generally hung in reserve at the girdle, or tied 
 to the bandoleers ; it was sometimes coiled 
 round the arm or hat." By the loth of Charles 
 II., cap. 4, every musketeer was bound to attend 
 every muster with "half a pound of powder, 
 half a pound of bullets, and three yards of 
 match." 
 
 With tliis " regiment of bold blades," a small
 
 ITC) 
 
 Tin: M.\it( II r<> I'.asin*;. 
 
 party tor so groat an artioii.Coloiul ( lagu marched 
 out of Oxford about ton o'clock on the night of 
 Monday, the 'Jth of September, witli oidcrs to 
 relievo Basing ITouae (long besieged by the 
 Rebels), and to put in suuh provision of victuals 
 as the country there affords." As the object 
 of the expedition was the relief of Basing 
 House, it was important that tlie enemy should 
 not receive notice of the approacli of the 
 Cavaliers. They therefore "pas.scd through the 
 country for Parliament men, witli orange 
 tawney scarfs, and ribbands on our hats.'" 
 Col. Hawkins' regiment wore white uniforms. 
 
 The marcli lasted all night, and early on 
 Tuesday morning the force reached Cholsey 
 "Wood, uear Wallingford. where it was joined 
 by Captain Walters with about .oO horse of his 
 troop, and as many foot of that gariison, Avhich 
 was the last in Berkshire to hold out for the King, 
 only surrendering to Fairfax in 164G. 
 
 The wearied soldiers here rested for three 
 hours, and says Colonel Gage : " I despatched an 
 express to Sir William Ogle, Governor of 
 Winchester Castle, who had promised Mr. 
 Secretary Nicholas lUO horse and 300 foot of 
 that garrison to help to raise the siege of Basing 
 whensoever the Lords should have any such 
 design. I sent by this express a letter of credit 
 of Mr. Secretary's to Sir William Ogle, desiring 
 him with his men to fall into Basing park, in 
 the rear of the Rebels' quarters there, betwixt 
 4 and 5 of the clock in the morning, being 
 Wednesday, the 11th of September" (a 
 presumption upon this aid Avas the principal 
 motive for the undertaking, says Clarendon), 
 whilst I, with the troops of Oxford, fell on upon 
 the other side (by the Grange), and my Lord 
 Marquess from within the House plyed them 
 with sallies." 
 
 In the " Life of Colonel Gage" the reinforce- 
 ment from Wallingford is said to have num- 
 bered 80 horse and the same number of foot. 
 
 "Having despatched this express, and refreshed 
 my men, I marclied forward with as much speed 
 as the foot soldiers could manage (through by 
 lanes) to Aldermaston (a village out of any 
 great road, seven miles distant from Reading,) 
 where I intended to repose and refresh again. 
 Thither I sent Captain Walters before with his 
 Troop, and the Quartermasters of each Regi- 
 ment to have provisions in a readiness against 
 the soldiers arrived, intending only to refresh 
 and rest two or three hours. But Captain 
 
 Walters finding some Parliament .scouts in that 
 town, forgot his orange tawny colours, and fell 
 foul with the enemy, taking six or seven of 
 them piisoners, by whicli he unmasked and diB- 
 covered us to be Royalists. " 
 
 '• Mercurius" .says that the Roundheads had 
 come from Reading, and admitted that their 
 object in visiting Aldermaston was to burn the 
 prayer book and surplice. One of them was 
 killed, and six were captured, together with 
 their horses and pistols. The Royalist infantry 
 were already .so mucli fatigued that Colonel 
 Gage .set the example, which was followed by 
 the officers and troopers, oi: dismounting and 
 marching on foot for three miles, placing the 
 foot soldiers in the saddle meanwliile. 
 
 Xotice was quickly sent to Basing of the 
 approaching danger, which accident made their 
 stay .shorter at that village than was intended, 
 and than the weariness of the soldiers required. 
 Whilst Colonel Gage was on his march from 
 Wallingford to Aldermaston, the besiegers of 
 Basing House were, strange to say, quiet all 
 day, but fired ten shots from their cannon 
 during the evening. After dark t'uey received 
 warning of the rapid advance of Colonel Gage, 
 and prepared to give him a warm reception. 
 But trusty and tried Edwaid .Jeffery. v.ho had 
 carried so many messages to Oxford, was also 
 on the alert, and made his way into the garrison 
 with news of the doings at Aldermaston. 
 Quickly were beacon fires made ready upon 
 the roof of the lofty gatehouse looking north- 
 Avard, in sign of welcome and of readiness 
 to aid. There was, unfortunately, a thick fog 
 rising from the meadows, and scarcely could 
 those welcoming lights be seen, even on Cowdry 
 Down. Leaving willing hands to tend the mid- 
 night fires, let us return to Colonel Gage, whose 
 main body reached Aldermaston about eight 
 o'clock on Tuesday night, and halted for three 
 hours. " Aulicus " says that the halt was 
 between nine p.m. and one a.m. The almost 
 exhausted soldiers "then set forwards again, and 
 marched all night, arriving within a mile of 
 Basing, b. twixt four and five of the clock on 
 AVednesday morning.'' The diary of the siege 
 says, •' By seven next morne, the noble Colonell 
 Gage with horse and foot past through so many 
 haxards, had obtained Chinham Downe (Chin- 
 ham lies between Basing and Sherborn St. 
 John), where Colonell Norton with his strength, 
 having intelligence, did stand in readiness." To
 
 Ludlow at Winchester. 
 
 177 
 
 quote Colonel Gage onco more, •• Our foot being 
 extroatnly surbated and weary, though I had 
 endeavoured to ease them what I could in tlie 
 whole journey, eithei' by setting them up behind 
 the horsemen, or making the horsemen alight and 
 the foot rido,or by encouraging them with hopes 
 of great pillage,or with promises of money when 
 they returned to Oxcord." " Aulicus" says that 
 the infantry were not only rested, but also 
 much gratified by Colonel Gage's consideration 
 in mounting them behind the troopers, and were 
 now again ready to fight vigorously, whereas 
 wlien they first came within two miles of the 
 enemy they were falling out and lying down on 
 the road through sheer exhaustion. Burton 
 says(''\Vars in England," p. U;>), that Col. Norton 
 being in readiness on Cbinham Down, "Gage 
 makes his approach, appearing first on an hill 
 near the highway which leads to Andover." 
 To quote Colonel Gage once more, " I was no 
 sooner arrived there (at Chinham Down), but 
 Lieutenant Swainely met me, sent by Sir 
 William Ogle from Winchester, to tell me that 
 he durst not send his troops to assist me, in 
 regard some of the enemy's horse lay betwixt 
 Winchester and Basing, so that I was forced to 
 enter into new councils, and call the ofiicers 
 together to take new resolutions." It was 
 indeed time to take counsel, for both horse and 
 foot were already almost worn out with fatigue, 
 whilst Norton's men were fresh and unwearied, 
 with the advantages of a strong and previously 
 selected position, and of '' a fog so thick as 
 made the day still night, helping the shrouding 
 of his (Norton's) ambuscades, and clouding 
 passes unto such who neither knew nor could 
 discern a way, more than tlieir valour and the 
 sword did cut," whilst Gage had now no hope 
 of aid from Winchester. The force which 
 kept Lord Ogle and his garrison in check at 
 Winchester was probably the cavalry, com- 
 manded by Major Ludlow, wliich was principally 
 raised in the western counties. Ludlow had a 
 few days previously been attacked upon War- 
 minster lleatli, from whence he made a 
 skilful retreat to Salisbury. With 30 horse ho 
 entered tlie city, " wlure divers persons, ill 
 afCected to tlie Parliament, made a great 
 shout at our coming into the town, rejoicing at 
 our defeat." Ludlow continued his retreat 
 over Mutton Bridge, where he succeeded in 
 phecking pursuit by showing a bold front upon 
 causeway only three feet in breadth, and 
 
 through White Parish to Southampton. Only 
 two days after his arrival at the latter place, he, 
 at the request of Colonel Norton, marched with 
 his wearied horsemen to face Winchester Castle. 
 Sir William Ogle, the Governor, anxious if 
 possible to assist Colonel Gage's expedition for 
 the relief of Basing House, sent out some men, 
 amongst whom Ludlow recognised his old 
 acquaintance and schoolfellow, Mr. William 
 Neale. "I called to him, " says Ludlow, ••tell- 
 ing him that I was sorry to see him there." and 
 offering to exchange shots with him. Neale 
 retreated, at the same time shouting " Come on." 
 and another Cavalier greeted Ludlow with a 
 brace of bullets, one of which wounded his 
 horse in the belly so severeh' that it died tliat 
 night, whilst the other struck the rider within 
 half an inch of the bottom of his breastplate. 
 Not long afterwards Ludlow retired with his 
 command into Wiltshire, having effectually 
 hindered Sir William Ogle from co-operating in 
 the relief of Basing House. Colonel Gage 
 continues, •' And because we weie disappointed 
 of so considerable a party as that of Winchester, 
 and foreseeing the enemy might draw to a head, 
 having notice of our coming, we resolved not 
 to dismember our forces and fall on in several 
 places, as we would have done if either the 
 Winchester forces had arrived, or we would 
 have surprised and taken the enemy at unawares, 
 but to fall on jointly at one place. In order to 
 which I commanded the men to be ranged 
 into battalions, and riding 
 squadron, gave them what 
 and encouragement 1 was 
 I confess it needed not (most of them 
 being so well resolved of themselves) and 
 delivered them the word (• St. George '). com- 
 manding every man to tie a white tape, ribband, 
 or handkerchief upon their right arm above the 
 elbow, which was the sign and word I had 
 formerly sent to my Lord Marquis (lest by his 
 sallying and our falling on we might for want 
 of a distinctive sign fall foul upon e.ach other). 
 We marched on. Colonel Webb leading the right 
 wing, Lieut. -Colonel Buncle the left wing of 
 the Horse, and myself the Foot. (The ' Life 
 of Colonel Gage" says that he dismounted, and 
 led the infantry on foot with his sword drawn) 
 till at the upper end of a largo champion field 
 (Chinham Down), upon a little rising or ascent 
 of a hill, near certain hedges lined by the 
 enemy's musquoteers, we discovered a body of 
 
 up to every 
 
 good words 
 
 able, though
 
 178 
 
 Rr.LiKK AT Last. 
 
 five oorncts (or troopH) of horso (very full) 
 standing in vory good order to receive us. But 
 b<'fore we could come up to them we were 
 saluted from tiie hedges witli a smart volley of 
 miis(iu('t shot, more terrible than damageable, 
 for Col. Webb, notwitlistanding, with tlie right 
 wing of my Lord Treasurer's Horse, charged 
 the enemy (Col. Gage's biographer says tliat 
 their strengtii was six troops, not five) so 
 gallantly that in a movement they all turned 
 head and van away. Lieut.-Col. Buncle with 
 our left wing falling in likewise after them, and 
 following ti.e chase witli the right till the 
 Rebels' horso were gotten into a place of safety. 
 In tliis pursuit what meu or horse of the 
 enemies' were lost, I cannot learn certainly ; 
 but certain I am we took a colour or cornet of 
 theirs, which 1 understand was Col. Morley's, the 
 motto of which was Non ab Aequo sed in 
 Ae/juo (' Victory is not by Right, but in 
 Right'), a motto not so proper to theirs, as our 
 cause, the equity of which gave us the victory 
 with the true and genuine signification of the 
 motto." The diary of the siege says that 
 Norton was forced to retreat, " the fogge 
 befriending him, serving as covert for his safer 
 flight through Basingstoke." Clarendon speaks 
 thus : " After a shorter resistance than was 
 expected, from the known courage of Norton, 
 though many of his men fell, the enemies horse 
 gave ground, and at last plainly run to a safe 
 place, beyond which they could not be pursued." 
 " Aulicus" says that the wind was also 
 unfavourable to the operations of Colonel Gage, 
 who as soon as he approached the enemy ordered 
 his drums and trumpets to sound, thinking to 
 take the besiegers by surprise. They were, 
 however, on the alert, within musket shot, and 
 their drums and trumpets at once made reply. 
 The cavalry fight lasted not long,but was fiercely 
 contested. The rebel horse fled ere long, and 
 two tx-oops of the Lord Treasurer's regiment 
 then chased five troops of Norton's horse with- 
 out even firing a pistol. The rebel foot 
 fought better, more especially Colonel Morley's 
 regiment, but the musketeers of the Queen's 
 Life Guard, and of Colonel Hawkins' regi- 
 ment beat them from hedge to hedge, until, 
 abandoned by tlieir mounted comrades, they 
 retreated, aided by the fog " and a lane of 
 which they had possessed themselves." 
 
 Burton, on the other hand, says that when 
 Colonel Gage's force was first descried, " Nor- 
 
 ton charges with courage, and breaks through 
 the other's horse, who, having a rescue of mus- 
 keteers, with more than ordinary valour forced 
 Norton to retreat as far as the church and 
 through Basingstoke, the same time the 
 besieged, sallying out at several places, brought 
 in many prisoners." Whitelocke says that 
 Colonel Gage iiad "about l'»')i) of the King's 
 foot out of several garrisons mounted for 
 dragoons." He adds that when the fight began 
 Norton charged and broke them, •' but they 
 with great courage wheeled about, and charged 
 Norton's whole body, who retired unto Colonel 
 Morley's quarters," in the park. 
 
 At all events the Cavaliers remained masters 
 of the field, and Colonel Gage now advanced 
 with his infantry, sounding his trumpets, to 
 give notice to the garrison of his approach. 
 The fog began to clear away, and the besieged 
 soon found that friends were close at hand. 
 Says Clarendon, " The foot disputed the busi- 
 ness much better, and, being beaten from hedge 
 to hedge, retired into their quarters and works, 
 which they did not abandon in less than two 
 hours." The garrison also sent forth some 
 musketeers, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel 
 Johnson (the botanist) by way of The Grange, 
 who beat the enemy from their works, pursuing 
 them to Cowdry Down, and from thence " unto 
 The Delve, clearing that quarter, with so small 
 defence as is inci-edible. The passe (by The 
 Grange) thus cleared, meeting our welcome 
 friends, our joyes are echoed, whilst the sad 
 prisoners are led in to see the House they lay so 
 long about, their number 64 common soldiers, 
 two sergeants, one lieutenant, whereof the 
 wounded were next day sent forth unto the 
 care of their own chirurgeons. and," grimly 
 adds the Diary, '' two that ran from us had 
 execution !" 
 
 Army physicians and surgeons received 63. 8d.. 
 apothecaries 3s. 4d., barber surgeons '2s., and 
 under barber surgeons (3d. per diem. " Such 
 surgeons must weare their baldricke, whereby 
 they may be knowen in the tyme of slaughter : 
 it is their charter in the field." For gunshot 
 wounds it was recommended " to cauterise them 
 with the oil of elders, mixed with a little 
 treacle."' 
 
 ''Aulicus" says that in the first encounter 
 and sortie fully 120 rebels were killed, and more 
 than lOU captured, 17 of whom were dangerously 
 wounded. The latter '• were dressed in the
 
 Loyalty House Saved. 
 
 179 
 
 house, and sent out to the leaguer" (i.e., siege 
 works). A writer on the other side says : 
 " Norton had a slight hurt in the hand, and lost 
 but one man, but the House was relieved." A 
 loss of nine Cavaliers slain, two of whom were 
 officers, is admitted by '• Aulicus." Captain 
 Sturges was killed, whom Colonel Gage culls "a 
 gallant young man of the Queen's Life Guard," 
 and whom " Aulicus" describes as " a gallant 
 daring young man, who, with Colonel Gage, 
 both at the taking of Boarstiill House, at 
 Abingdon, and here also shewed exemplary 
 courage." 
 
 " Young Mr. Stonor (of StonorPark), Cornet 
 of the Troop of "Wallingford, who gallantly 
 kept his colours, though lie lost his life," also 
 died like a gallant soldier. The seven others 
 who fell were common soldiers. Four Cavaliers 
 were taken prisoners, '"whereof one was Master 
 Stanhope, Gentleman of the Horse to the Lord 
 Marquis of Hartford, who, engaging himself to 
 gain a standard of the rebels, for want of 
 seconds was hemmed in, after lie had run a 
 Captain Lieutenant of their'sthi'ough the body." 
 
 Colonel Gage at once placed in Basing House, 
 the twelve barrels of powder, which Burton says 
 formed many a horse-load, and the 12cwt. of 
 match brought from Oxford," paid my Lord 
 Marquess the respects due to a person of his 
 merit and quality," and Colonel Hawkins told 
 off lOU of his white coated musketeers to 
 strengthen the little garrison. '• That lovers 
 met that day, and blushed, and kissed, and old 
 grey-bearded friends embraced each other, and 
 aye marry pledged each other too ; that good 
 Catholic comrades exchanged prayers at Basing 
 altar, that brave fathers kissed the wives 
 and cliildren they had left shut up in brave old 
 • Loyalty,' needs no telling. But not .alone in 
 kissing and quaffing did Gage and his troops 
 spend those two meiiy days." 
 
 A speedy return was made to Cowdry Down, 
 and tlie cavalry from (3xford retreated to Chin- 
 ham, under fire of Norton's guns. From thence, 
 leaving a force to observe the enemy's works, 
 marching to Basingstoke, they took possession of 
 it with small resistance (for the Parliament 
 Conimitte.s who lodged in that town, having 
 notice of our coming, quitted the town the night 
 before, and drew most of their forces into one 
 head, which we broke.) "From thence all that day 
 I continued sending to Basintr House as much 
 wheat, malt, salt, oats, bacon, cheese, and butter 
 
 as I could get horses and carts to transport. 
 There I found a little magazine of 14 (whole) 
 barrels of powder, with some (100) musquets, 
 which I likewise sent into Basing House, and 
 thence I sent also 40 or 50 head of cattle, with 
 100 sheep." "Aulicus" says that it was the 
 market day at Basingstoke, and that Col. Gage 
 "brought in lOO cattle, whereof divers were 
 excellent fat oxen, as many or more sheep, and 
 40 and odd hogs. 
 
 "Whilst these things were doing at Basing 
 stoke my Lord was not wanting in himself in 
 Basing House, but from thence with the 100 
 white coats I left him commanded by Captain 
 Hull, and lOO musquetieis under command of 
 Major Cuffand, he sallied out into Basing Town, 
 from whence he chased and utterly beat the 
 enemy." The siege works were captured, and 
 the church, which had been fortified, was carried 
 by assault. 
 
 In Basing Church were captured and sent 
 into the iiouses young Captain Jarvise (Jarvas) 
 and Captain John Jephson, whom Gage calls 
 " sons of the two most active rebels of that 
 country," and whom Clarendon speaks of as 
 being " the two eldest sons of two of the greatest 
 rebels of that country, and both heirs to good 
 fortunes." These two officers are said to have 
 been " both kinsmen to Colonel Norton." 
 Satirical " Aulicus '" is very hard upon Captain 
 Jarvise, styling him " Captain Jarvas, son to Sir 
 Thomas (who is so famous in Hampshire that 
 when any man speaks an untruth big enough to 
 be noted, they call it Jarvasing.") 
 
 Captain Jarvise had previously distinguished 
 himself at the siege of Corfe Castle. Captain 
 Jephson afterwards clianged sides, and was 
 governor for the King at Bandon-bridge in 
 Ireland. One lieutenant, two sergeants, and 
 about iiO (33) soldiers were captured in Basing 
 Church, the rest by several ways escaping, but 
 4G rebels were killed either in the church or in 
 the village of Basing. 
 
 During the 18 weeks' siege the Puritans 
 claimed to have expended l.">00 barrels of powder 
 ag.iinst Basing House. They stripped the lead 
 from the roof of Basing Church, "and gave it 
 out that the Cavaliers in Basing House had 
 attempted it before." So says " Aulicus," add- 
 ing, " Some conceive the chief receivers took 
 two parts in powder and one-third in money, 
 which is the usual method of their reckoning. 
 For the rebels' soldiers are cozened liy their
 
 180 
 
 OfKKNSIVK Ol'KltATIONS. 
 
 officers ; the momborH cheat tliem both ; the 
 devil cozens all three : ami the Scots tusr hard 
 to ileal with all fi)ur !" 
 
 Duriiii^ the stnig'^le in tlie luoniiiijf, tiie i^uns 
 mounted upon Sir ilic^liard Onslowe's batteries 
 on the iJasingstoke side of the House had been 
 removi'd to the works in the park, and, taking 
 advantage of this circumstance, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel I'eake led out some musketeers, who 
 captured the works, destroyed the redoubts, and 
 fired the tents and huts near Holloway's Mill, 
 " the enemy so hastening from tliese works as 
 scarcely ii could be made stay the killing. Thus 
 might we see at once three of their quarters (in 
 Basing, at Holloway's Mill, and on the side of 
 Basingstoke) blaze." The rest of the enemy 
 were obliged to retire into the strong fort which 
 they had constructed in the park. Lieut. - 
 Colonel Peake and his musketeers also brought 
 in " a goodly demi-cannon (30 pr.) from Sir 
 Richard Onslowe's works." 
 
 By the time all this was done, says Colonel 
 Gage, " the day began well near to be spent, and 
 the enemy having received some fresh supplies 
 of horse, appeared much more numerous and 
 gay than in the morning, and made a show of a 
 desire to figlit with us again, advancing for that 
 purpose over a large champion almost within 
 musquet shot of our horse, which stood ranged 
 in a field without Basingstoke, betwixt large 
 hedges lined hy me with musqueteers. There 
 we stood facing each other, till at last I per- 
 ceived our squadrons of horse to grow thin, 
 many men stealing privately out of their ranks, 
 and both our horse and men extremely tired 
 and fasting, I gave orders to the horse to retire 
 by degrees and pass through the town 
 (Basing) towards Basing House, whilst I, 
 with the foot, made good the avenues 
 or passages on this side the town, where 
 the enemy appeared. And when I understood 
 the horse were all passed through the town, and 
 put again into their squadrons on the other side 
 towards Basing House, I myself, with most of 
 the foot, retired likewise through the town 
 to our horse, leaving Captain Poore with GO or 
 70 musqueteers to make good that avenue, and 
 being come to our horse, I sent orders to Capt. 
 Poore (of an old Wiltshire family), to retreat 
 likewise with most of his men, leaving only a 
 sergeant at the avenue with "20 musqueteers, to 
 dispute till we were all entered into Basing 
 House. From thence I sent afterwards for the 
 
 sergeant and his men, who all came off safe, the 
 enemy not once attempting to enter into the 
 town, but retiring to th<ir fjuarterH not long 
 after they had perceived ourhorsf; retire." 
 
 Continues the Colonel. " [ durst not lodge 
 that night in the town, as well because J saw 
 the enemy grow strong, anrl our men and horse 
 extreme weary and fasting, as because there 
 were many avenues which must have l)een main- 
 tained ; and T feared our men would f|uit their 
 guards and betake themselves to the houses, 
 drinking and committing disorders in the night. 
 But the next day early f sent Lieutenant-Col. 
 Buncle thither (to Basing and Basingstoke) 
 again with all the horse and foot, as well to 
 refresh the soldiers as to be sending continually 
 all that day provisions into the House." 
 
 The garrison also made a sally into the park, 
 and brought oif a culverin, •' a faire brass gun." 
 which the enemy in their flight had abandoned 
 near the wood between the House and the 
 village, the enemy making no resistance. 
 Emboldened by this, the Cavaliers attacked the 
 fort in the park, but were recalled, as most of 
 the infantry were busied elsewhere. A sergeant 
 and five men were mortally wounded in this 
 affair, and the surgeons of the garrison had their 
 hands full, many of the troops from Oxford 
 having been wounded on the previous day. , 
 Towards evening intelligence was received of 
 the enemy's mustering in force near Silchester, 
 and advancing towards Kingsclere. 
 
 "Meanwhile," says Colonel Gage, '• I spent 
 the day in contriving our retreat to Oxford, and. 
 sending out several spies to observe the motions 
 of another enemy drawing to a head from 
 Abingdon, Newbury, and Reading to hinder our 
 retreat homeward. 
 
 " And I found by the unanimous relation of 
 all my several spies that they of Abingdon 
 (500 horse and dragoons under Major-General 
 Browne) were lodged at Aldermaston, they of 
 Newbury (.300 strong) at Thatcham, they of 
 Reading (and all the horses which the country 
 could rake together) at Padsworth. places upon 
 the river Kennet, over which I was to pass in 
 my retreat ; and that Norton with his horse and 
 foot was to follow me in the rear whensoever I 
 began to march, which he conceived I could not 
 do but he sliouid have notice of it. I resolved, 
 therefore, in my own breast, without acquaint- 
 ing any man, to make my retreat that very 
 night, having during the short time T had been
 
 Retreat to Oxford. 
 
 181 
 
 at Basing House, partly out of Basingstoke, 
 partly out of Basing Town, put at least a 
 month's provisions into the House (the coun- 
 try people are said to have driven away their 
 cattle, and to have hidden provisions on hearing 
 of Gage's approach), and drawn in two pieces of 
 artillery of the enemy's (the one a demi-cannon, 
 which lay engaged betwixt the House and the 
 enemy's trenches, neither of them daring 
 adventure to di'aw them off)." An iron cannon 
 was at least 'Jift. long, weighing about three 
 tons. The culverin and demi-culverin were 
 each ten feet long. One averaged 43cwt., the 
 other 35cwt. 
 
 "But the more to amuse the enemy and give 
 him cause to think that I thought of nothing 
 less than of so sudden a retreat, I sent out 
 certain warrants that afternoon, which I knew 
 Avould fall into the enemy's liands, to the towns 
 of Sherborne and Sherfield, to bring speedily a 
 certain quantity of corn into Basing House, 
 upon pain (if they refused) of sending them 
 KJiJU horse and dragoons to set their towns on 
 fire before next day at noon." 
 
 " Having thus disposed of all things, and 
 being unable to serve my Lord Marquess much 
 more than I had done by any longer stay there 
 (though by staying any longer i might have 
 endangered the loss of the Oxford troops), 
 somewhat before night I sent orders to Lieut. - 
 Colonel Buncle to retire witli the men from 
 Basingstoke and march to Basing House, as the 
 night before, but not to permit his men to enter 
 into the House until further orders. Whither, 
 when the men were arrived, I told my Lord 
 Marquess of my resolution to depart that night, 
 and of the necessity of it, and begging of him 
 two or three good guides, which he readUy gave, 
 (was Edward Jeffrey one of them '.''), I took 
 leave of his Lordship and began to march away 
 without sound of drum or trumpet, about 1 1 
 o'clock on Tiiursday night, and gave order to 
 all my scouts, in case they met with any Parlia- 
 ment scouts in the night, they .should likewise 
 give them.selves out to be Parliament troops 
 marching from before Basing House to the 
 River Kennet, to lie in wait for the Oxford 
 forces that were to come that way. And thus 
 we passed the Kennet undiscovered, by a ford 
 near Burghfield Bridge (the bridge itself having 
 been broken by the enemy), our horse taking up 
 
 the musketeers en croup ; and afterwards the 
 Thames, by another ford at Pangbourne, within 
 SIX miles of Reading, about eight or nine 
 o'clock on Friday morning, (the bridges at 
 Henley and Reading had been also broken down), 
 and from thence marched into the town of 
 Wallingford, where we rested and refreshed our 
 wearied men and horse that night, and the next 
 day (Saturday, Sep. 14th) arrived .safe at Oxford, 
 having in this expedition lost Captain Sturges, 
 a gallant young man of the Queen's Life 
 Guards, young Mr. Stonor (of Stonor Park), 
 cornet of the troop of Wallingford, a servant 
 of Sir W. Hide's, with some others, to the 
 number of eleven in all, and 4iJ or oO hurt, but 
 not dangerously." On Thursday, September 
 12th, a Colonel, a Lieutenant-Colonel, and two 
 Lieutenants of Foot of Gage's force seem to 
 have been captured, but again rescued by their 
 comrades. Another account says that Gage 
 lo.st a Colonel, a Major, 100 killed, and many 
 prisoners. Some of his scouts were captured 
 during his masterly retreat. Colonel Gage con- 
 tinues : '• What loss the enemy had we cannot 
 yet learn, (his biographer estimates the Puritan 
 loss at six score slain, and from 100 to 100 taken 
 prisoners), but we took about 100 prisoners of 
 them. And thus, my Lord, to comply with the 
 order I received, I have troubled your Lordship 
 with a tedious relation, for which I humbly beg 
 your pardon, and the honour to be esteemed. 
 My Lord, your Lordships 
 
 Most humble Servant, 
 
 Hknky Gage. 
 Oxford, this IGth of September, 1G44." 
 All Oxford turned out to greet the returning 
 deliverers of Loyalty House, and many were 
 the eyes that looked eagerly for noble Colonel 
 Gage" But they looked in vain. Wishing not 
 for the applause of the multitude, and .sitisfied 
 with having done his duty, he turned his horse's 
 head into a back street, and rode quietly away 
 uimoticed to his quarters. Wherever we meet 
 with Colonel Gage we always find cause to 
 admire him, and in concluding tiiis account of 
 the relief of Basing House wo fully endorse 
 these words, penned full two centuries since : — 
 '* I say you must needs grant the whole action 
 to have been, for wise conduct, gallant and 
 skilful manage, the most souldier-like piece 
 those Warres have ever yet afforded !"
 
 CllAPTKK XXV. — FldllT IN liASINii VlLLAlilC — Ll KCTKN A NT-Coi-ONKh J(^HNSnN — ReNKWKJ) 
 
 Blockadk — Attack on tiih Chuiuii — Gatiikrino Akmiks — Thk KiNfs's Advanck — 
 ANOovr.K Fight — Rkxdezvous at Basing — Welcomk Suppmf.s — Gage's Sec ond Relief 
 TiiK Sii'.cF, Raised. 
 
 In order to still further conceal his retreat 
 Colonel Gage had given orders that the next 
 morning a letter should be sent to Colonel 
 Norton, offering to exchange Captain Jephson 
 for Captain Love, which was accordingly done. 
 The exchange was effected by noon, and tlie 
 enemy then discovered too late that the 
 relieving force was beyond their reach. Captain 
 Love's family resided at Basing (Woodward's 
 "History of Hampshire"). As we here see, lie 
 was a Royalist, but his relative Xicholas Love 
 was a member of the Committee of Parliament 
 for Hampshire. Yerily, houses were divided in 
 those days ! 
 
 Numerous Hampshire recruits were now 
 joining the forces of the Parliament, but Col. 
 Ludlow, liaving first duly notified his intention 
 to Colonel Norton, withdrew his command from 
 Winchester to Salisbury. On reaching the 
 latter city he called for a list of the principal 
 adherents of tho King residing there, whom he 
 ordered to pay the sum of 500/. The citizens 
 made many excuse?, but Ludlow secured 200/. 
 and quarters for his men, after which he liimself 
 went to London to recruit and procure arms. 
 
 On Friday, September 14th, Colonel Norton 
 did not venture to re-occupy the village of 
 Basing, but kept his men shut up in their 
 strong fort in the park. All the carts belong- 
 ing to the garrison were busily employed in 
 carrying corn and provisions from the village to 
 Basing House, under the protection of 100 
 musketeers, commanded by Captain Fletcher. 
 Towards evening, when, as " Aulicus" confesses, 
 the Cavaliers '' were drinking in the town, and 
 in no good order," Colonel Norton in person 
 headed an unexpected attack. Making a cir- 
 cuit, he fell upon Captain Fletcher's party in 
 the church-yard '" before the horse centinells 
 
 could give timely notice to the oflBcers to draw 
 all the soldiers into a body," and drove the 
 Cavaliers from the church. Reinforcements 
 speedily arrived from the house under the com- 
 mand of the field officers, and •' one hour's very 
 sharp fight followed," at the end of which time 
 the besiegers were driven from tlie church and 
 retreated " to their onely work in Basing Park." 
 with a loss of eitlier IG or 32 men killed on the 
 spot and in the pursuit, very many wounded, 
 and eleven prisoners. 
 
 Captain John Jephson, who had been 
 exchanged on the previous day for Captain 
 Love, '• led on the rebels' van, where Captain 
 Love made haste to meet him, but Jephsoik 
 though wounded, retreated too fast towards 
 Colonel Norton, who valiantly brought up their 
 rear, and came, good gentleman, almost to the 
 churchyard, where, being minded of his grave, 
 he was the first man that ran away.'" (" Mer. 
 Aul.," Sept 14th). Clarendon, however, speaks 
 of " the known courage of Norton." Some 
 arms were picked up by the victors, who lost 
 one ensign and two (4) common soldiers killed, 
 six (7) wounded, four mortally, and eight 
 prisoners. " Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson, 
 
 Doctor of Physique (the best lierbalist in 
 England), was here shot in the shoulder, 
 whereby contracting a fever he died a fort- 
 night after, his worth challenging funerall 
 tears, being no less eminent in the garrison 
 for his valour and conduct as a soldier than 
 famous through the kingdom for his excellency 
 as an herbarist and physician." He was. there 
 is reason to believe, in the meridian of life. 
 Woodward says, " Thomas Johnson, of Hull, a 
 London apothecarj-. May 9, 1G43, made an 
 honorary M.D. of Oxford. His itinerary 
 through Bristol, Southampton, the Isle of
 
 Renewei) Blockauk. 
 
 l6o 
 
 Wight, and Guildford, was published under 
 the title of ' Mercurius Botanicus.' At Basing 
 he served as Lieutenant-Colonel to Sir Manna- 
 duke llawdon, the Governor." 
 
 In the 1G62 edition of the *' Worthies of Eng- 
 land," p. 204, we are told : — ■' Thomas Johnson 
 was born in this county of Yorkshire, not far 
 from Hull, bred an apothecary in London, wliere 
 he attained to be the best herbalist of his age 
 in England, making additions to the edition of 
 Gerard. A man of such modesty that knowing 
 so much he would own the knowledge of 
 nothing. The University of Oxford bestowed 
 on him the honorary degree of doctor in physic, 
 and his loyalty engaged him on the King's side 
 in our late civil warre. When in Basing House 
 a dangerous piece of service was to be done, 
 this doctor, who publickly pretended not to 
 valour, undertook and performed it. Yet 
 afterwards he lost his life in the siege of the 
 same IIouse,and was, to my knowledge, generally 
 lamented of those who were of an opposite 
 judgment. But let us bestow this epitaph 
 upon him : — 
 
 ' Hie Johnsono jacet, aod si mors cederefc herbis, 
 Arte fugata tua cederet ilia suis.' 
 
 ' Here Johnson lies, cuuld physicke fence death's dart, 
 Sure death had been declined by his art," 
 
 (Fuller.) 
 " Jacet" would seem to be an error for " jaces." 
 
 During the w'nole of the following week the 
 garrison maintained their hold upon Basing, 
 fetched in provisions, and destroyed hostile 
 batteries and fortifications, without the least 
 resistance. 
 
 On Friday, September 19th, it was ordered 
 " that the horse which are now under the com- 
 mand of Colonel Xorton shall advance into 
 some other places of the kingdom for the service 
 of the State, as it shall please the Committee of 
 Both Kingdoms to give directions." 
 
 The gallant defence of ''Loyalty" or "Basting' ' 
 House was widely known, and Sir Edward 
 Walker writes as follows from Exeter on Sept. 
 20th : — "And now it will be fit to observe the 
 gallant behaviour of His Majesty's garrisons of 
 Banbury, Basing, cSic." 
 
 Things now went on much as before, except 
 that no bombardment took place, and the siege 
 assumed rather the character of a blockade. 
 
 By September 'Jiird some weeks' provisions 
 had been brought in. The enemy on this day 
 attacked the guard at Basing, which, being few 
 in number, was obliged to retire. The enemy 
 
 having re-occupied the church, once more con- 
 fined the garrison withm the house, and 
 exchanged two gentlemen belonging to Colonel 
 Gage's force who had been captured near 
 Reading for three of their own comrades. 
 
 Next day (September 2-lth) a score of fat 
 hogs are seen on Cowdry Down, and are fetched 
 in by the infantry, a party of cavalry which 
 had been sent out by way of the Grange pro- 
 tecting the foot meanwhile. The enemy's 
 picquets were driven in, and fell back on the 
 guard posted near Basingstoke. Five troops of 
 cavalry quickly issued from the town, and the 
 Cavaliers retired in good order until a body of 
 Royalist musketeers, wl)o had previously lined 
 a hedge, checked the pursuit by a well-directed 
 volley. Much ado about a few pigs. 
 
 On the following day there was a similar 
 skirmish, and the garrison succeeded in destroy- 
 ing the hostile battery at the Delve on Cowdry 
 Down, and took possession of the planks and 
 timber. The same day a Committee of the 
 House of Commons was appointed to settle a 
 controversy which had arisen. Sir John May- 
 nard and Colonel Jones, Governor of Farnham 
 Castle, being vehemently accused by the Parlia- 
 mentarian Committee for Surrey. Colonel 
 Jones seems to have been generally successful 
 in quarrelling with some one. Sir Richard 
 Ouslowe was thanked for raising men for the 
 defence of Surrey and to besiege Basing House, 
 and the county of Surrey was ordered to con- 
 tinue to maintain his forces. Two hostile 
 accounts state that on Thursday, September 
 2Gth, the besiegers " took an outwork with a 
 captain and twenty-eight (30) soldiers who 
 defended it," but no mention is made of this 
 disaster in the " Diary of the Siege," from which 
 we learn that on Friday, September 27th, the 
 Royalist horse were once more on Cowdry 
 Down engaging the attention of the enemy, 
 whilst otiiers carried off six of the Puritan 
 infantry close to the works in "the park lane 
 towards Basingstoke," together with a water 
 leveller employed to draw off the waters of the 
 Loddon. Colonel Morley himself narrowly 
 escaped capture. The Roundhead foot tried to 
 cut off' the retreat of the Cavalier horse, but 
 weredriven back by some musketeers previously 
 placed in ambush. An liour afterwards Colonel 
 Norton sent in a message by a drum, asking that 
 a day might bo fixed for the excliange of 
 prisoners, which was accordingly done. The
 
 184 
 
 Attack on thi; Cni.ucii. 
 
 diary continues : " The stage of Cowdrey 
 furnished again with actors, a coronet (cornet), 
 :iiul three more of their's are ivilU-d, and one of 
 ours. At night, the morrow being a fair at 
 liasinpstokc, six foot with pistol and brown 
 l)ill are sent to try the market, and four miles 
 off at a Committee-house finding to serve their 
 turn, from thence bring in '2'6 head of cattle by 
 the Delve, Avhich pass our daily skirmishing 
 kept free." 
 
 On the last day of September the garrison 
 received information that the enemy's working 
 parties, who were engaged in fortifying the 
 church, sometimes kept but a careless guard, 
 whereupon Major Cuffand, with a hundred mus- 
 keteers, was sent to take possession of the 
 church. The storming party captured a battery 
 clo.se by, but had no means wherewith to force 
 an entrance. The enemy i-allicd in force, and 
 Major Cuffand was beaten back, with the loss 
 of a sergeant and six men wounded, most of 
 them mortally. Tlie defenders had an ensign 
 and some others slain. 
 
 The first days of October saw the Earl of 
 Manchester still lingering at Reading, whilst Sir 
 William Waller's army was at Salisbury, Dor- 
 chester, Sliaftesbury, and Weymouth, with a 
 view of checking the march towards Oxford of 
 the King, who, on October 2nd, had reached 
 Sherborne on his return from Cornwall. The 
 infantry, under the Earl of Essex, were quar- 
 tered in Portsea Isle, at Southampton, and in 
 the Isle of Wight. Six thousand arms and 
 thirty waggon loads of cloth had reached 
 Portsmouth, and the Earl was asking for further 
 supplies of necessaries, to be sent him with all 
 speed. He himself was constantly journeying 
 to and fro between Southampton and Ports- 
 mouth, as necessity required, and was exceed- 
 ingly anxious to force the King's array to fight. 
 Colonel Butler was committed to the Tower on 
 October 1st, and on the same day it was reported 
 that the breaches already made in Basing 
 House were becoming larger, that the besieged 
 had plenty of ammunition, but that provisions 
 were by no means abundant. 
 
 The 2nd of October saw Captain Rosewell, 
 who had been released from his loathsome 
 prison at Farnham, and Captain Rigby sent to 
 treat for an exchange of prisoners, hostages 
 having been given for their safe return. The 
 same night M. Greaves, the brother of Colonel 
 Greaves, whose capture we have already 
 
 described, and Captain Jarvis were released, and 
 the next day two lieutenants and divers more 
 in exchange for Captain Rowlott (the scrivener 
 who lived next door to the sign of the George 
 at Holborn Conduit, a near neiglibour of Lieut. - 
 Colonel Peake, a superstitious, cringing malig- 
 nant), a lieutenant, and two of the three 
 sergeants lost at Odiham. The lieutenant was 
 Lieutenant Ivory, " sometime a citizen of 
 London." Some days afterwards Comet 
 Bryan received glad welcome buck again, 
 together with three gentlemen of Colonel 
 Gage's force who had been captured, and with 
 Cornet Bryan had been released to Oxford. 
 
 Pass two days more, and the cavalry on 
 both sides exchanged pistol shots on Cowdry 
 Down, the enemy having the advantage of 
 numbers, and the garrison that of a hedge 
 lined with musketeers. The odds were on the 
 side of the Cavaliers, ''and three or four of 
 theirs were daily carried off, we all the while 
 (this and the eight days following) losing one 
 horse and two foot soldiers. At night (Oct. 
 4) send forth our chapmen well furnished, 
 and good market folks ; in five hours' time 
 return again with 25 beasts, under the noses of 
 their sentinels, some musketeers of ours lying 
 abroad for their protection." 
 
 On October 4th the foes of Basing reported 
 the garrison to be losing heart on account of 
 the delay in the King's advance out of the 
 West to their relief, and "Mercurius Aulicus" 
 tells us that on the next day the Derby House 
 Committee had sent orders to the Committee 
 at Basing to give continual alarms, as the 
 garrison was in great want of match. Mr. 
 Money says, " The Derby House Committee 
 consisted for the English Parliament of seven 
 selected Peers and fourteen selected Commoners. 
 Essex, Manchester, Waller, and Cromwell weie 
 of the English part of this Committee. Derby 
 House. Cannon-row. Westminster, being the 
 meeting place of the Committee, it received 
 the name of the 'Derby House Committee."" 
 
 The Earl of Manchester wrote from Reading 
 on October 3rd. saying that he had sent four 
 troops of hoi'se to I3asing at the earnest request 
 of the Committee for Hampshire, and from the 
 4th until the i'th of the month he was without 
 success, endeavouring to compel the surrender 
 of stoutly defended Donnington Castle, near 
 Newbury. Failing in this object, he returned 
 to Reading.
 
 Gathering Armiks. 
 
 185 
 
 On October 4th Lieut. -General Cromwell 
 obtained for his regiment 300 pairs of pistols 
 with holsters, 140 heads, 140 backs, and 140 
 breasts, at a cost of oSO/. 10s. ; and on the same 
 day the Earl of Essex was ordered to receive 
 "from the Tower Wharf two brass demi-cul- 
 verin.s, four brass sacres, and two (31b. bullet 
 drakes.'' In contrast to this, it was ordered on 
 October fjth that •' Licut.-Colonel Roe do 
 deliver to the Committee of the "West 500 
 Danish forks, clubs, or roundheads taken on 
 board ihe Danisli ship," of who.se detention at 
 Portsmouth previous mention has been made. 
 On the same day a month's advance of pay Avas 
 made to the Waggon-Master-General for 200 
 horses and G4 drivers for the train of artil- 
 lery. Each horse was to cost Is. 3cl. per diem, 
 eacli man Is. Gd., and the total cost was to be 
 17/. (is. per diom. 
 
 On October 4th Mr. Lisle, MP. for Win- 
 chester, was ordered to bring in an ordinance 
 for the felling of 2000Z. worth of wood belonging 
 to various Royalist delinquents in Hants and 
 Sussex. No timber trees were to be felled, 
 except at a rea.sonable time. The Governor of 
 Portsmouth was directed to raise the strength 
 of his garrison by recruiting to 1000 infantry, 
 arranged in seven companies. The Earl of 
 Essex, having received 6000 stand of arms, was 
 ordered to deliver to the Garrison of Ports- 
 moutli 301) snaphance muskets, "JOK muskets, 100 
 pikes, 500 bandoliers, G Ml swords, \2 drums, 12 
 halberts, and some p;irtizans, tlie Parliament 
 undertaking to make good these Aveapons 
 to him, if necessary. The Committees for 
 Sussex and Hants were ordered to raise and pay 
 a troop of 100 well armed horse, who were to 
 garrison Portsmouth and to defend these two 
 counties. 
 
 The Earl of Manchester's army was mean- 
 while waiting for orders at Reading. Major- 
 General Laurence Crawford, who hold a com- 
 mand under the Earl of Manchester, and who 
 charged Cromwell with cowardice, liad made a 
 survey of Basing House, and was expressing his 
 hope of speedily reducing it, if he were but 
 reinforced by a thousand men. There was no 
 good feeling between Cromwell and Crawford, 
 for " the regiments of Colout Is Pickering and 
 Montague are mentioned in chief among those 
 that on CroniwelTs instigation absolutely 
 refused orders from ^lajor-Goneral Crawford." 
 On October 8th, the King was only five miles 
 
 distant from Sliaftesbury, marching eastward 
 with 12,000 hor.se and foot, according to his 
 opponents, or with 55(30 foot and 40(»() horse, 
 according to Clarendon, causing Waller to fall 
 back from Shaftesbury to Salisbury. Colonel 
 Dalbier. the future besieger of Basing House, 
 was at Blandford with his command. The Earl 
 of Manchester was daily expected to march from 
 Reading to effect a junction with Sir William 
 Waller. Lieut.-General Cromwell was near 
 Marlborough with Manchester's cavalry. These 
 troopers were on the left of the Parliamentarian 
 army at Marston Moor. *' They were raised out 
 of the associated counties of Bedford, 
 Cambridge, Suffolk, Buckingham. &c., com- 
 monly called the Eastern Associates, and both 
 for arms, men. and horses the completest 
 regiments in England. They were more com- 
 pletely at the command of Colonel Cromwell, 
 then Lieutenant-General, an indefatigable com- 
 mander, and of great courage and conduct." 
 
 In a "Statement by an Opponent of Crom- 
 well" w'e read : — 
 
 •• Colonel Fleetwood's regiment, with his 
 Major Harrison, what a cluster of preaching 
 officers and troopers there is. Other regiments, 
 ' most of them Independents, wliom they call 
 godly, precious men, indeed, to say the truth, 
 almost all our horse be made of that faction.' 
 Colonels Montague, Russell, Pickering, and 
 Rainsborough's regiments, all of them professed 
 Independants, entire." 
 
 The 4i)0i) infantry commanded by Essex, at 
 Portsmouth, were already mostly re-clothed and 
 armed, but in the army of the King, wlio was 
 at Blandford on October 11th, and who was 
 said by Waller to contemplate marcliintr through 
 Winchester or Newbury, to Oxford, there was 
 much sickness, and desertions were numerous, 
 especially amongst theCornislunen. who did not 
 care to fight at so great a distance from their 
 homes. 
 
 On October 'Jth the Committee at Basing 
 wrote to tlio House of Commons asking th.at 
 reinforcements of infantry might be sent tliither, 
 either by Manchester or Essex. The letter was 
 referred to the Committee of Both Kingdoms, 
 and Waller. Essex, and Manchester were, on 
 October 15th. ordered to unite their forces, a 
 plan previously suggested by Essex, and Basing 
 was named as the rendezvous of the armies. 
 
 Clarendon says that the King '' was now most 
 intent to return into his winter quarters at
 
 18G 
 
 Tin: King's Aimanck. 
 
 Oxford, wliicli was all lie cduKI i)r()i)()sc' to him- 
 self ; in which he expected to meet with all the 
 obstructions and dilhculties his enraged enemies 
 could lay in his way. lie knew well that 
 Waller was even then ready to come out of 
 London, and that Middleton (an old foe to 
 Basin;4) was retired from Tiverton to join him; 
 that tliey had sent to the Earl of Manchester to 
 march towards the West with his victorious 
 army. So that if lie long deferred his march he 
 must look to fight another battle before he 
 could reach Oxford. His Majesty had a great 
 desire in his march to Oxford to relieve Den- 
 iiington Castle and Basing, which was again 
 besieged by almost the whole army of the 
 enemy." 
 
 Such was the posture of affairs, according to 
 Clarendon (Bk. viii.), at the end of September, 
 1G44. 
 
 It was time to help Basing once more, as we 
 see from the following letter from the King to 
 Prince Rupert : — 
 
 *' Nephew, — I am advertised by a despatch 
 from Secretary Nicholas that the Governors 
 of Banbury, Basing, and Donnington Castle 
 must accommodate, in case they be not relieved 
 within a few days. The importance of which 
 places, and consequently (illegible) hath made 
 me resolve to begin my march on Tuesday 
 towards Salisbury, where Prince Rupert may 
 rely upon it the King of England shall be, God 
 willing, on Wednesday next, where I will desire 
 Prince Rupert to come with what strength of 
 horse and foot you can, and the two demi- 
 cannon (30 pounders), many of my men being 
 unarmed. I have sent to Bristol for muskets, 
 which I desire Rupert to speed to me. I desire 
 to hear daily from you, and particularly when 
 you will be with me, and which way you will 
 march, and how strong you can come to 
 "Your loving uncle and most faithful friend, 
 '• Blandford, llthOct.. 1044. Chakles R." 
 Prince Rupert had, on October oth, left the 
 King for Bristol, and the latter had promised 
 not to engage until the Prince returned to him 
 with reinforcements of Gerrard's and Lang- 
 dale's troops. Desertions, sickness, want of pay, 
 food, shoes, and stockings thinned the ranks of 
 the Royal army, which was obliged to make 
 frequent halts in order to secure the payment 
 of forced contributions, so that the King did 
 not reach Salisbury untd October loth. He 
 here received information that Waller lay at 
 
 Andover with his troops, that Manchester was 
 advanced as far as Reading with ."ji)(>0 horse and 
 foot and 24 pieces of ordnance, that the London 
 Trained Bands, consisting of the red and blue 
 regiments of the City of London, the' red regi- 
 ment t)f Westminster, the yellow regiments of 
 Southwark and the Tower Hamlets, making in 
 all about oUOO men, commanded by Sir James 
 Harrington, were beginning their marcli to him, 
 and that 3U00 of the horse and foot of the 
 Earl of Essex's army were near Portsmouth, 
 expecting orders to join with the rest. Prince 
 Rupert was unable to meet the King at Salis- 
 bury, and, after a halt of three days, the Royal 
 army was again on the march. Instead of pro- 
 ceeding directly to Oxford and relieving Basing 
 House and Donnington Castle on his way 
 thither, the King, over-persuaded by Lord 
 Goring, determined to attack Waller, who. 
 with three thousand horse and dragoons, 
 had occupied Andover, at a considerable distance 
 in advance of the supporting army of the Earl 
 of Manchester. He had marched thither from 
 Salisbury, through Winterbourne 8toke, from 
 which village he wrote a letter on October 14th, 
 stating that the King was advancing towards 
 him. Essex, Waller, and Manchester held a 
 Council of War on October Tith, at Basing- 
 stoke, and on the evening of the following day, 
 which was Sunday, four regiments of the London 
 Brigade reached the town, the fifth being left 
 to garrison Reading. Waller returned to his 
 troops at Winterbourne Stoke, near Amesbury, 
 at which place he still was on October loth, and 
 from whence he fell back upon Andover. He, 
 together with Lieutenant General Middleton, 
 hoped by thus retreating to gain time, so that 
 Essex's recruited, re-clothed, and re-armed 
 troops might be able to effect a junction with 
 the army of Manchester. Sir Ai-thur Haslerig 
 was still serving under his old commander 
 (Waller), and Lord Hopton was near Bristol. 
 A critic unfriendly to the King observes, " when 
 haste is in the saddle, repentance is in the 
 crupper." Daily skirmishes took place between 
 the King's forces and Waller's rear guard, but 
 on October 14th Lieutenant-General Cromwell 
 reached Reading from the siege of Banbury 
 with a detachment of horse, and two days after- 
 wards Manchester at length marched in bad 
 weather with his infantry and 3'_' guns towards 
 Newbury and Basingstoke, which he reached on 
 the following day, his intention being " to have
 
 Rr.N'lJKZVOTS AT BASING. 
 
 1«7 
 
 our foot to be betwixt Newbury and Basing- 
 stoke, and there to meet with our Lord General 
 (Essex).'' He sent on most of his horse, under 
 Cromwell, to reinforce Waller, but it was after- 
 wards made a matter of accusation against him 
 that he had not joined Waller with his whole 
 force instead of marching to Basing. At Basing 
 he met " Sir Arcliibald Johnston, of Warriston, 
 and Mr. John Crewe, sent by the Committee of 
 Derby House to attend the movements of the 
 Generals and to stimulate them." 
 
 TheParliamentarian Committee atBasingstoke 
 made on October 14th an earnest appeal for 
 reinforcements, and two days afterwards Mr. 
 Boyce, the Lord General's messenger, carried 
 orders to the Earl of IManohester to send forces 
 to Basing " for the reducmg of that garrison, 
 which is a service of very great concernment." 
 Manchester answeredthis letter on October 19th, 
 reporting his arrival with liis army at Basing- 
 stoke, lie was now so anxious to fight that the 
 Commissioners, in company with Sir AV. Balfour, 
 Major-General Skippon, and other officers, 
 selected the positions to be taken up by the 
 sever.il regiments in the event of a battle. 
 
 The Earl of Es.sex at Portsmoutli was now 
 again ready to take the field. Some of his men 
 were " sea and weatliorbound " in the Isle of 
 Wight, where Sir Gregory Xorton and other 
 good people were doing them much kindness, 
 and bo;rts were sent to fetcli them on Tuesday, 
 October loth. The Earl of Pembroke had two 
 days previously been thanked by Parliament 
 for his care of the Isle of AVight, and had been 
 empowered to seize any boats " upon the con- 
 tinent " of Hants for its security. He was also 
 ordered, in consequence of a letter w^ritten on 
 October 14th, by the Mayor and inliabitants of 
 Newport, to direct Colonel Carne, the Deputy- 
 Governor, to repair to tlic island forthwith. 
 
 On landing on tlie shores of Hampshire, 
 Essex's men marched at once to Titchficld, 
 which had been appointed as a rendezvous for 
 the various detachments of their comrades 
 quartered in Portsoa Isle, Southampton, and 
 elsewhere. Essex finding that the King was 
 advancing with some ] 0,000 horse and foot, 
 sent on his cavalry undor Sir William Balfour 
 to Basingstoke, Avliilst he himself followed with 
 between three and four thousand infantry. 
 Both armies were eager to fight, weather per- 
 mitting. The King's rendezvous was "about 
 Andover, and in a heath near Whitcluirch 
 
 between Andover and Basing." Some of the 
 Royal horse had on Sunday, October IMth, 
 appeared on a hill not far from Basing, but 
 on their scouts giving timely warning of the 
 advance of some Roundhead troopers, they fell 
 back in good ordci-. The garrison or force to 
 which this adventurous party of bold riders 
 belonged is not st.ited. 
 
 The Earl of Manchester was in charge of the 
 train of artillery destined for Essex's army. 
 The guns had previously been sent by water 
 from London to Reading. Essex marched on 
 October 17th from Portsmouth to Petersfield, 
 and on the following night quartered his men 
 at Alton. The Parliament had now therefore 
 troops posted from Abingdon to Basingstoke, 
 as well as at Alton, Midhnrst, and Petworth, 
 and could easily hinder the King from invading 
 Sussex, in which county Colonel Temi'Io was 
 also raising forces on behalf of the Parliament. 
 
 On Friday, October l^th. Sir William Waller 
 was granted iiOO backs, breasts, and pots,:500 pair 
 i of pistols, and ;» )0 saddles for the cavalry under 
 his command, and was also to be reinforced by 
 Colonel Ludlow and Major Dewett, with their 
 horse. But disaster now befel " Sir William 
 the Conqueror," which made him less eager " to 
 go a king-catching" than he had previously been. 
 
 The King " had left all the cannon tliat he 
 had taken from the Eirl of Essex at E.xeter : 
 and now he sent all his great cannon to a 
 garrison he had within two miles of Salisbury, 
 at Langford, a house of the Lord Gorges, where 
 was a garrison of one hundred men, commanded 
 by a good officer. The rest of the cannon and 
 carriages were left at Wilton, the house of the 
 Earl of Pembroke, with a regiment of foot to 
 guard them, and the King appointed a 
 rendezvous for the array to be the next morning 
 (October IHth), by .seven of the clock, near 
 Clarendon Park, and good guards were set at 
 all the avenues of the city, to keep all people 
 from going out, that WaHer might not have 
 any notice of his purpose, and if the hour of 
 the rendezvous had been observed, as it rarely 
 was (thougii His Majesty was himself the most 
 punctual, and never absent at the precise time), 
 that design had succeeded to wish. For though 
 the foot under Prince Maurice came not up till 
 eleven of the clock, so that the army did not 
 begin it's march till twelve, yet they came within 
 four miles of Andover before Waller had any 
 notice oP their motions, when he drew nut his
 
 188 
 
 Andovkk Fight. 
 
 whole body towaiils thoin a.s if lie niLMiit to fi^ht, 
 but upon view of their strength, and the good 
 order tlicy wore in, he changed his mind, and 
 drew baek into the town, leaving a strong party 
 of liorse and dragoons to make good his ri;treat. 
 But tiic King's van cliargcd and routed them 
 with good c.vecution, and pursued them tlirough 
 the town, and slew many of them in the rear, 
 until the darkness of the night sei^ured them, 
 and Iiindercd the others from following farther. 
 But ihey were all scattered, and came not 
 quickl}' togetlier again, and the King quartered 
 that night at Andover. The scattering of this 
 great body under Waller in this manner, and the 
 little resistance they made, so raised the spirits 
 of the King's army, that they desired nothing 
 more than to have a battle with the whole army 
 of the enemy, which the King meant not to seek 
 out, nor to decline fighting with them if they 
 put themselves in his way. And so he resolv'd 
 to raise the siege of Donnington Castle, which was 
 little out of his way to Oxford. To that purpose, 
 he sent orders for the cannon which had been 
 left at Langford and Wilton to make all haste 
 to a place appointed between Andover and 
 Newbury, where he staid with his army, till they 
 came up to him, and then marched together 
 to Newbury, within a mile of Donnington." 
 (Clarendon, Bk. viii.) 
 
 We learn from Symonds' Diary that this 
 battle was fought on October 18th, 1G44, and 
 that the King slept that night at the " White 
 Hart" Inn, at Andover. This writer says, 
 " Friday, 18th October, 1G44, His Majesty, &c., 
 left Sarum and marched towards Andevor. Gen. 
 Goring raised a forlorn of horse, consisting of 
 about 200 gentlemen, who were spare com- 
 manders of hor.se, beat them out of Andevor, 
 took Carr, a Scot colonel, and another captain, 
 a Scot, that died, who a little before his death 
 rose from under the table, saying he would not 
 die like a dog under a table, but sat down on a 
 chair and immediately died of his wounds. 
 Took about 80 prisoners, followed the chase of 
 them two miles, who all ran in great confusion. 
 Had not night come so soon it might have been 
 made an end of Waller's army, for our intention 
 was to engage them, but they disappointed our 
 hopes by their heels.'' 
 
 Waller's men are said to have been routed in 
 a lane leading into Andover, and to have been 
 afterwards chased through the town. This 
 affair was styled "a fierce alarum." The 
 
 fighting continued for two hours. Some 
 accounts say that Waller lost about thirty men, 
 othcr.s that tlie King and Waller each lost 20 or 
 ;<0 men, whilst anotlier chronicler states 10 men 
 as the loss on either side, describing the affair 
 as being only a skirmish with Waller's rear 
 guard. 
 
 It was, however, considered much moreseriouB, 
 for Waller at once retreated towards Basingstoke, 
 sending at the same time to the Earl of Manches- 
 ter to ask for assistance. The latter general thus 
 writes from Basingstoke on October H*th, 
 " Yesternight late I received a very hot alarm 
 from Sir William Waller's quarters, that the 
 King with all his army was come to Andover, 
 and that ho was upon his retreat towards me, 
 whereupon I drew out my foot and those horse 
 that were with me in order to help Sir W. 
 Waller, who reached Basingstoke with little or 
 no loss." Manchester was evidently frightened, 
 and prepared to retreat from Basing. He was 
 afterwards charged wdth having '• retreated to 
 Odiham, out of the way, though he had 7000 
 horse and 7000 foot, enough to face the King's 
 whole army." Cromwell stated that Manchester 
 at tliis time would have retreated to Odiham. 
 leaving the besiegers at Basing House exposed 
 to the whole army of the King, if Sir W. 
 Waller and Sir A. Haslerig had not arrived just, 
 in time to hinder him from so doing. Cromwell 
 indignantly adds : '• We being at Basing with 
 near 11,000 foot, and about 8000 horse and 
 dragoons, and the King with not above 10,000 
 horse and foot !" 
 
 The Earl of Essex at Alresford was promptly 
 informed of Waller's disastrous retreat, and, 
 says Manchester, on October 19th, '• notwith- 
 standing some difficulties, is marched this 
 night to Alton." The "difficulties "' referred 
 to seem to have been some Cavalier horse, who 
 were said to be under the leadership of the 
 gallant Hopton. A party of Sir Arthur 
 Haslerig's regiment of horse, 120 strong, com- 
 manded by the celebrated Major (afterwards 
 Colonel) Okey, met the King's cavalry 
 near Alresford. The Cavaliers charged boldly, 
 but ere long fell back upon their reser\-e, 
 leaving a lieutenant, a quartermaster, and four 
 troopers in the hands of the enemy. Essex 
 then proceeded without molestation to Basing, 
 arriving there on October "J 1st. He had two 
 days previously asked that Colonel Dalbier 
 might be sent to him.
 
 A PUKITAN AUMV. 
 
 189 
 
 On October 17th, being Thursday, a little 
 after mid-day, the watchers on the towers of 
 Loyalty Uouse descried the vanguard of Mun- 
 chcstei"s army marcliing to Basingstoke and 
 Sherfield. Next day some of his cavalry rode 
 up to the siege works, two of them being picked 
 oif by the marksmen of the garrison. The 
 following day (October I'Jth) eight regiments 
 of infantry and some of cavalry, with all the 
 baggage and artillery (24 guns), halted and 
 faced the house for some hours, drawn up on 
 the south of Basingstoke. Towards night the 
 infantry retired and quartered in Basingstoke, 
 most of the cavalry, which all day long had 
 been drawn up near Rook's Down, two miles 
 distant, riding at speed to their quarters near 
 Farnham. 
 
 On October 19th Manchester wrote to London 
 that the King had halted, " only I hear that 
 some of his horse were drawn up about Wliite 
 Church." 
 
 On Saturday, October 19th, the King 
 advanced from Andovcr to Whitchurch, where 
 he was to remain until his General, Lord Brent- 
 ford, who was beliind, and the Earl of Portland, 
 who had been detained with the siege of Port- 
 land, should come up witli the remainder o£ his 
 forces. Some of the Royal cavalry were only 
 five miles distant from the enemy, and the 
 Earl of Northampton, with his brigade of IMO 
 horse, was sent to unite with Colonel Gage, who 
 led a regiment of foot and some horse from 
 Oxford for the relief of Banbury, which had 
 been bosieged for tliirteen weeks by Colonel 
 John Fienneswith all the forces of Northamp- 
 ton, Warwick, and Coventry. Sir William 
 Compton had bravely defended the town and 
 castle, and the garrison, '• though they had but 
 two liorses left uneaten, had never suffered a 
 summons to be sent to them." Reduced, how- 
 ever, to great distress, these gallant soldiers 
 gladly hailed the arrival of the relieving force, 
 which completely routed the besiegers. Colonel 
 Webb, who had accompanied Colonel Gage on 
 this expedition, as ho had formerly done to 
 Basing, was here seriously, but not mortally 
 wounded. 
 
 Mr. Moneysays : "On Sunday (October I'Oth), 
 a party of horse was dispatched to relieve Don- 
 nington Castlo, and returned the next morning. 
 On Monday night, October 21st, 1044, a spy in 
 the bcrvico oi the Parliament returned to camp 
 with the following intelligence : His Majesty's 
 
 army was in Whitchurch all Sunday night, and 
 that town was full of soldiers, both horse and 
 foot, but their train of artillery was not there, 
 only a few waggons belonging to otlicers. That 
 their train stood on Andover Downes, within 
 two miles of Whitchurch, or thereal)outs. The 
 King was last night (Sunday) at Whitchurch, 
 but by some reported to be at Winchester, and 
 by others at Andovcr. The last night, about 
 eight of the clock, went out about 4iJU:( horse 
 out of Whitchurch to give an alarm, and 
 returned this morning about break of day. 
 (This was the party which was sent to relieve 
 Donaington Castle.) Yesterday it was ordered 
 that the train should bedrawnup to AVhitchurch 
 Downes, but was hindered by the wet weather, 
 and so staid two miles short. And that this 
 day (Monday) the rendezvous was to be kept 
 upon Sevenborough (Seven Barrows), the drums 
 beat up at Whitchurch at break of day. This 
 day, about eight o'clock, there stood at Whit- 
 clear C;* Whitway or Highclere), a great body 
 of horse, as he conceiveth to be 2000, on this 
 side Sevenborough. That about twelve o'clock 
 there were going to Kingsclcrc some empty 
 carts, accompanied with some troops of horse, 
 which carts he supposeth were to carry pro- 
 visions that were summoned to bo brought to 
 Donnington Castle. (These apparently were 
 the empty carts returning from the Castle). 
 Tliat it is generally reported the King ijuartcrs 
 at Donnington the next night. Carriages were 
 warned at Bawgus (Baughurst), and the parishes 
 adjacent, to appear this morning at Whitchurch. 
 From Newbury that great provisions of victuals 
 are made, and all towns adjoining, for the army 
 which is expected there this night. That a great 
 party from Oxford and Wallingf ord is to be thei e 
 to meet the King's forces this night." ^("Parlia- 
 mentary Scout," 24th to .'51st October, 1G44.) 
 
 On Saturday, October 20th, the sum of 2t>0/. 
 was voted for the defences of Hurst Castle, and 
 on the next day HMO suits of clothes and 200 
 carbines were ordered for Waller's dragoons. 
 Forty loads of cheese, a due proportion of bis- 
 cuit, six tons of match, and six tons of musquet 
 ball were to be sent to Farnham Castle as a 
 magazine for the armies. 
 
 Sir Archibald Johnston, of Warriston, and 
 Mr. John Crewe, Commissioners in the Parlia 
 ment's array, reported from Basingstoke on 
 October 21st the arrival of the Lord General 
 Essex with his army.
 
 190 
 
 Tjif; Kino Rktiukh. 
 
 The combined forces of Essex, Waller, and 
 Manchester, toG[othcr with the London lirigado, 
 at least r)()(l(l strong, under Sir J.'inios Harring- 
 ton, amounted to 11,000 foot and 8000 horse 
 and dragoons, whilst tlie King had not more 
 than 10,000 horse and foot. Nine days pre- 
 viously the House of Commons had voted 
 20,000/. for the maintenance of the London 
 Brigade. 
 
 Essex on reaching Basing approved Man- 
 chester's determination to fight, and at once 
 sent orders to Reading for the destruction of 
 all the bridges over the Thames and Kennet, in 
 order to cut oif the King's retreat to Oxford. 
 
 On October 21st the Parliament Commis- 
 sioners stated the King was at Overton. Waller, 
 who was now at Basingstoke, had captured two 
 captains and divers common soldiers. One 
 estimate reckoned the strength of the Royal army 
 to be from ir),000 to 20,000, composing three 
 brigades. One of those was said to be with 
 Hopton at Winchester, the second with the 
 King at Andover, and the third marching 
 towards Marlborough, intending either to reach 
 Oxford or to relieve Banbury. Captain Symonds, 
 in his "Marches of the Royal Army," says: 
 " Munday, Oct. 21st. His Majesty lay at King 
 Cleer (at Mr. Tower's), seven miles from Basing, 
 the troop (i.e. of Life Guards) at Xewtown 
 (between King.sclere and Xcwbury). the head 
 quarters of the horse at Newbury. This day 
 the enemy visit Essex, Manchester, Waller were 
 with all their forces, and made assault upon 
 Basing." 
 
 On the other hand we are told " near that 
 house they gathered into one body, but 
 attempted not the place. Here joined the Earls 
 of Essex, Manchester, Sir William Waller, with 
 some Trained Regiments of London," and 
 according to " Aulicus," of Oct. 28th, " They 
 durst not adventure the bruising of their army 
 upon Basing Garrison, but left it on Tuesday 
 last, after their outguards within half a mile of 
 Basing had been beaten up by Captain Markham, 
 with a party of horse of the Queen's regiment. 
 His Majesty's army being then at Kingsclear." 
 
 A battle being now imminent, several surgeons 
 were sent down on Oct. 21st to Basingstoke, by 
 the Parliament, and the following day was set 
 apart in London as a day of humiliation and 
 prayer. Cromwell and some other commandeis 
 wished to fight at once, but the Earl of Man- 
 chester decided to march back to Reading, with 
 
 the object of making the attack from the north 
 or left bank of the Kennet. The King had 
 marched to Kingsclrre,whic'' liesmidwaybetween 
 Basing and Newl)ury, with the int«:niion of 
 attempting the relief of Basing. But finding 
 this position indefensible against an enemy so 
 greatly superior in cavalry, he, after one night's 
 halt, continued his march towards Newbury 
 with his infantry and a party of horse. Sir 
 William Waller, eager to avenge his defeat at 
 Andover, skirmished with the Cavaliers.'"butHia 
 Majesty faring the Parliamentai ians with a party 
 of horse, drew off his infantry from King's Cleer, 
 and marched to Newbury." Waller was, how- 
 ever, not to be denied, and Captain Fincher was 
 ordered to push home a charge upon the retiring 
 Cavaliers, which resulted in the capture of several 
 ofiicers and GO men. 
 
 Mr. Money says : " In the year 18.39, in dig- 
 ging a grave in the nave of Ewhurst Church, on 
 the Basingstoke-road, near Kingsclore, the 
 remains of two soldiers, with portions of military 
 ornaments, were found at a shallow depth. 
 These interments had the appearance of having 
 been hastily conducted, and were supposed to have 
 been the bodies of officers slain in a skirmi.sh in 
 the neighbourhood during the operations before 
 Basing." May they not have fallen during Capt. 
 Fincher's cavalry charge ? 
 
 The King having thus departed. Essex and 
 Manchester marched on Oct. 22nd from Basing- 
 stoke through Swallowfield to Reading. On 
 Oct. 27th was fought the second Battle of New- 
 bury, wlich has been so graphically described 
 by Mr. Money, to whose admirable work the 
 writer is greatly indebted for many important 
 facts. 
 
 On Oct. 29th the House of Commons sanc- 
 tioned the following scale of daily pay for the 
 garrison of Windsor Castle : — A colonel, 21. f)S. ; 
 one captain. 15s. ; two lieutenants, 4s. : two 
 ensigns. 3s. ; five sergeants. Is. Gd.: five corporals, 
 Is. ; five drummers. Is. ; 12 gunners, 2b. ; 12 
 matrosses, Is.; one minister, 8s. ; his man,8d. ; one 
 marshal, 5s. ; one gun-smith. Is. 6d. : one 
 armourer. Is. 6d. ;one surgeon, 4s. ; his man, 8d. 
 The knapsack was then called a " smpsack. ' 
 " Aulicus ' speaks on Monday. Oct. 28th, 1644, 
 of '' three days' provisions prepared in their 
 snapsack." 
 
 But to return to Basing House. The •• Diary 
 of the Siege" says : — " On Oct. 20th. three foot 
 soldiers coming too near to see the House
 
 Welcomk Supplies. 
 
 191 
 
 receive the curtesy of fetching iu, and next day 
 by our foot in ambush in the lane a cornet of 
 Sir William's (Waller) rugiraent, and two 
 dragoons were taken ; our horse from off the 
 hill fetch in two straggling foot, at noon some 
 regiments of horse and foot belonging to the 
 Earl of Essex join to the Leaguer ; their army 
 toward evening drawn in Battalia that night 
 keep the field, the van near Rooke's Downe, the 
 battle {i.e., main body) at Basingstoake, and 
 rear by Hackwood ; next day marching the 
 army towards Reading, tiie foot by Sherborne, 
 and the horsii keeping along their left (to repel 
 any attack from the King's cavalry)." The 
 following day (Oct. 23rd) three more troopers 
 were brought in, Lord Winchester's cavalry 
 venturing forth to liaras.-^ the enemy on their 
 march. At night a storm brought down a 
 tower, which had been almost destroyed by the 
 artillery, upon the heads of five of the garrison, 
 killing one, and somewhat bruising the rest. 
 
 Skirmishes maiked the closing days of 
 October. Lieut. (Captain) Cufifand, with some 
 40 horse, eliecked the besiegers on Cowdry 
 Down, wounding five horses and as many men, 
 and capturing a prisoner, losing only one man 
 himself. Next day he faced their liorse again, 
 whilst Cornet Bryan, ever in the saddle, with 
 some few horse, carried oil a load of corn driv- 
 ing near to their guard, "and riding through 
 the garrison from olf the other side, bring in a 
 cart and team passing to Basingstoke." These 
 carts were sent out on each of the three follow- 
 ing nights, with a strong guard, and brought in 
 five quarters of threshed corn from Piat's (i.e., 
 Magpie's) llill, on the other side of the river 
 Loddon, together with 12 loads in the sheaf. 
 Fourteen beasts were also brought in from the 
 same place. To stop these proceedings, the 
 enemy posted a guard of horse and loot at 
 the barns on Piat's Hill, the said guard being 
 relieved daily at nine p.m. 
 
 After the second Battle of Newbury, which 
 was fought on Oct. 27th, 1(;44. it was n;ported 
 that Prince Rupert would do his best to raise 
 the siege of Basing House. A Council of War 
 ordered the three armies of horse to prevent any 
 such attempt. The King, having left Marl- 
 borough, was expected to head a relieving force 
 in person. Manchester accordingly marched to 
 Aldermaston, where he encamped in tlie fields, 
 in order to intercept him. At a Council of War, 
 " no man speaking so much against fighting as 
 
 Cromwell," it was unanimously decided to con- 
 centrate the Parliamentarian infantry at Read- 
 ing and Henley, and the horse at Farnham, 
 Okingham, Windsor, Maidenhead, and Staines, 
 in preference to adopting more vigorous mea- 
 sures. On November Gth the Committee of 
 Both Kingdoms sent Messenger Buhner to the 
 Earl of Manchester with orders to send the 
 City Regiment from Reading to Basing siege, 
 relieving^it either by one of Manchester's own, 
 or by some other suitable regiment. Colonel 
 Ludlow's regiment, which had been cut up at 
 Newbury, " being that day on the guard," was 
 ordered to bo sent at once into Wiltsliire. 
 
 The month of November open d with gloomy 
 prospects at Basing House. All the beer bar- 
 rels were empty, and the stock of bread and com 
 but slender. Lieut. -Colonel Peake was there- 
 fore despatched with a party of hor.se and foot 
 to Piat's Hill, wliich was reached about 8 p.m. 
 The enemy's fires were stUl burning, but the 
 guard was nowhere to be seen. Two prisoners 
 only were made, and the loading and sending of 
 carts to the House went on without interrup- 
 tion until midnight. Then some cavalry from 
 Sherfield came down the hill, anJ together with 
 some infantr}- from Basing attacked tlie 
 Royalists, who lined the liedges, according to 
 their usual practice, with musketeers. A fierce 
 and protracted cavalry skirmish ensued, but 
 volleys of musketry from tl>e hedges turned the 
 scale in favour of the Cavaliers. Norton's foot, 
 who knew every inch of the ground, fought 
 desperately to dislodge the musketeers, but 
 being charged by the ro}- list hor.se, and a diver- 
 sion being made by an attack upon Basing 
 Church b}- a party from the House, they were 
 put to the rout, and driven through the river 
 Loddon iu confusion. Lieut. -Colonel Peake and 
 his foragers then fell to work again, "and before 
 morning carry in 1(3 cart loads in slieaf ; our 
 drovers at same time passed through our guards 
 eight beasts, and at noon next day some soldiers 
 skipping out seize on twelve sidesof mutton and 
 some pork loaded upon a horse as contribution 
 food going unto the churcli." Short allowance 
 at church that day. 
 
 Listen again to Chronicler Syraonds : " His 
 Majesty, wlien lie came to Oxford (Satterday, 
 2 Novembris, 1044) kniglited Colonel Gage 
 for his good service of relieving Banbury and 
 Basing." An honour well and worthily won ! 
 Four days afterwards Colonel Sir Henry Gage
 
 192 
 
 Prixck Rupert's Visit. 
 
 commanded the Queen's Regiment of Foot, 150 
 strong, out of Oxford at the rendezvous on 
 Shotovcr Green. 
 
 For ton ilaya before the r»th of November the 
 officers at Basing House liad been reduced to 
 one meal per diem., the soldiers being allowed 
 two. Hoer now failed completely, and everj'one 
 was obliged to drink water. The soldiers were 
 persuaded l»y their officers to follow their 
 example, and content themselves with one meal 
 a day. This Avas more than one hungry man 
 could bear, and at night he deserted to the 
 enemVi 'who were almost inclined to raise the 
 siege in despair, and disclosed the necessities of 
 the garrison. The deserter's information caused 
 the besiegers to persevere a little longer, more 
 especially as they had been reinforced from 
 Newbury by Colonels Strode and Ludlow, with 
 a good strength of horse and some dragoons. 
 Colonel Strode was " one of the Deputy 
 Lieutenants of the Militia for Somerset, a man 
 mucli relied on in those parts, and of a good 
 fortune. No man wished the King's army 
 worse success." Clarendon speaks, Bk. vii., of 
 his dread of the King's soldiers. 
 
 Colonel Ludlow, whom Carlylo describes as 
 "solid Ludlow," was afterwards one of the 
 King's Judges, and succeeded to the command 
 of the Army in Ireland, after the death of 
 Ireton, on November 26th, 1651. He came to 
 Basing with his regiment at the special request 
 of Colonel Norton. By way of welcome to 
 Colonel Strode's regiment. Cornet Bryan rode 
 forth on November 6th, under cover of a fog, 
 with a party of horse, down the valley nearly to 
 Basingstoke, and carried off three sentries. 
 Posting his own men in their stead, he soon 
 afterwards took prisoners, without even firing a 
 pistol, a corporal and two troopers, who came to 
 relieve the three luckless sentries. The same 
 night !Major Cufi'and made a sortie with some 
 horse and foot, killed a sentry, beat off the 
 enemy's horse, and cleared the road to Fiat's 
 Hill, sending out foragers, who, however, 
 returned empty handed, on account of the 
 vigilance and numbers of the opposing cavalry. 
 Two desertions from the garrison, one of the 
 runaways taking his horse with him. A mes- 
 senger was sent to Oxford, but was unfortu- 
 nately captured by the watchful foe. The 
 •weather was "fair for that season." 
 
 Major Rosewell led out the same party on the 
 night of November 9th, and having lined the 
 
 hedges with musketeers, was able to keep the 
 enemy's horse at a distance. He stormed the 
 works at the Delve on Cowdry Down, and again 
 despatched a foraging party to Fiat's Hill, who 
 within four hours afterwards brought in 18 
 beasts and six loids of corn in sheaf, besides 
 sending two messengers safely on their way to 
 Oxford. The long nights were now favourable 
 to any attempt to raise the siege. A letter from 
 the King, in which he declared his intention to 
 relieve the garrison " in spite of heaven and 
 earth," was about this time intercepted by the 
 besiegers, and certain Cavaliers, who sallied 
 forth to obtain some ' hop-poles for firewood 
 '• were so pelted by some of our City forces that 
 they left 18 behind, besides that went halting 
 in." Five regiments from Newbury were 
 ordered to check any effort on the part of 
 Prince Rupert to succour Basing, '' which, if 
 not prevented, would exceedingly encourage 
 the enemy, and be very prejudicial to the public 
 affairs." 
 
 Warburton says •' Rupert appeared before 
 the stout old walls on the 11th November, and 
 exchanged compliments with the garrison.'' It 
 may be to this period that the following para- 
 graph in "Mercurius Aulicus" (p. 101-2), which 
 gives a not over pleasant picture of the con- 
 dition of Royalist prisoners, refers : — 
 
 " There was a poor man living near Moor 
 Park, whom, when Prince Rupert was in those 
 parts, he commanded to show him where the 
 pipes lay which conveyed water to the Castle. 
 For this crime they apprehend him, and commit 
 him prisoner to the Castle, where they fed him 
 with so slender diet that they even starved him. 
 and when upon his wife's tears and lamentable 
 cries that she and her children were like to 
 starve at home while her husband starved at 
 "Windsor, they having no subsistence but what 
 he got by the sweat of his brows, he was released. 
 He was not able to stand on his legs, and 
 whether dead since we have no information." 
 
 Prince Rupert's stay in the neighbourhood, 
 both on this and other occasions, was not of 
 long duration, for on the 21st he attempted to 
 surprise Abingdon, and on the 23rd- entei-ed 
 Oxford with the King. 
 
 LTpon Cowdry Down Colonel Ludlow's trum- 
 peter, or "music," was captured on November 
 1,3th, and on the following day a regiment of 
 foot was seen at Chinham, marching to Basing- 
 stoke.
 
 The Siegk Raised. 
 
 193 
 
 The 15th brought a trumpet from Sir 
 William Waller to arrange terms for the 
 exchange of his cornet, who had been taken 
 prisoner in the lower road to Basingstoke on 
 October 2Uth. Another trumpet brought in two 
 officers of the garrison that had long been pri- 
 soners at Farnham. Were these officers 
 " Ensigns (Ancient) Coram, son of one Coram, 
 a Papist, in Winchester, and AVilliam Robinson, 
 a Papist, surgeon to the Lord Marquesse of 
 Winchester," the only two officers captured at 
 Odiham on the 2nd of June, of whose release 
 by exchange we have not already heard ? For 
 these two officers the trumpet took out '• seven 
 of theirs, we taking care to fill their roomes 
 again within two hours after, fetch in one, and 
 kill two more abroad." Dates are now some- 
 wliat obscure. The " Diary of the Siege" seems to 
 imply that the besiegers finally struck tents 
 and departed about November li'ith, whilst from 
 Symonds we gather that the siege was raised 
 on the 20th. Clarendon says " the enemy was 
 in the meantime marclied from thence to Basing, 
 whicli, they thought, would, upon the sight of 
 their whole army, presently have yielded, but, 
 finding the Marquis still obstinate to defend it, 
 they Avcro weary of the winter war, and so 
 retired all their force from thence, and quitted 
 the siege the very day before Gage came thither, 
 so that he easily delivered his provisions, and 
 retired to the King without any inconvenience." 
 Symonds tells us, "Monday, 18th November. — 
 The enemy left Newbery and marched near 
 Basing. This day, Tuesday, 19th November, 
 Colonel Gage was sent towards Basing to relieve 
 it with lODO horse." The Diary says that the 
 siege lasted 24 weeks. It commenced on June 
 4th, and according to this computation ended 
 about November 18th. Symonds states that 
 Colonel (Jage was sent to the relief of Basing on 
 November 19tl), and Clarendon says tliat Iiis 
 force was to " march so as to be at Basing 
 House tlic next morning after they parted from 
 the army." " Aulicus" gives tlie date as Novem- 
 ber l.'ith, the anniversary of Waller's repulse 
 in 1()4,'?. The question is a difficult one. The 
 sight of the whole army of his foes did not in 
 the least dismay the "Loj-al" Marquis. The 
 Diary says " their army now again hovering 
 about, afford us sport, each day killing or 
 taking some of their cnrious ones, and seize two 
 carts, one with a load of hay, passing too near 
 our works.'* 
 
 But help was at hand. In Clarendon (Bk. 
 viii.) we read, " The King had not yet done all 
 he meant to do before ho took up his winter 
 quarters, and since he heard the enemy lay still 
 at Newbury, he marched to Marlborough, where 
 he found all things to his wish. His heart was 
 set upon the relief of Basing, which was now 
 again distress'd ; the enemy, as is said before, 
 begirt it closely from the time that Gage relieved 
 it. He had a great mind to do it with his whole 
 army, that thereby he might draw the enemy to 
 a battle ; but upon full debate, it was concluded 
 that the safest way would be to do it by a 
 strong party, that lODK horse should be drawn 
 out, every one of which should carry before him 
 a bag of corn, or other provisions, and march so 
 as to be at Basing House the next morning after 
 they parted from the army, and then every 
 trooper was to cast down his bag to make their 
 retreat as well as they might, and Colonel Gage, 
 who had so good success before, was appointed 
 to command this party, which he cheerfully 
 undertook to do. The better to effect it, Hun- 
 gerford was thought the fitter place to quarter 
 with the army, and from thence to despatch that 
 party. So His Majesty marched back to Hunger- 
 ford, which was half way to Newbury." 
 
 Colonel Sir Henry Gage led his lOtKJ horse to 
 Basing, but found that there Avas no need of 
 sudden withdrawnl from thence. Let the Diary 
 speak. " The enemy wearied with lying 24 woeks, 
 diseases, with tlie winter seizing them, his army 
 wasted from 2O00 to 700, fearing the forces of 
 His Majesty now moving about Hungerford. 
 raiscth his leaguer, and at eight this morn drew 
 off his waggons and two gunns, three days before 
 brouglit in. The foot at noon march towards 
 Odgiham, the huts being fired, and some troops 
 of horse left to secure their rear. On Avhom a 
 party of our horse with Coronet Bryan waiting 
 their opportunityes disorder their retreat." 
 
 " Next niglit honoured Sir Henry Gage (the 
 enemies' remove not knowne). sent by his 
 Majesty with l(t()() horse, brings in supplies of 
 ammunition and provision, each trooper in a 
 bag bearing his part, having a skein of match 
 swadled about his waist, besides what was 
 brought in carts, and staying here three days 
 most amply victualled the garrison, drawn down 
 by length of scige almost unto the worst of all 
 necessityes, provision low, the soldiers spent 
 and naked, and the numbers few, having besides 
 our hurt and maimed, and such as ran from ub
 
 194 
 
 MiMTAItV Rl-.QflHITIONS. 
 
 lost near 100 men by sickness, and the siege, 
 whereof a Lieutenant-Colonel (Johnson), two 
 ensigns (one of whom was Amory), throe 
 sergeants, and seven corporals." It was said in 
 London on November 'JiJth, that " Basing 
 garrison had neither stockings nor shoes, drank 
 water, and looked all as if tlicy had been rather 
 the prisoners of the grave than the keepers of a 
 castle." 
 
 Some of the warrants issued by Col. Gage, 
 at Basing, on November 23rd, appeared in print 
 shortly afterwards. 
 
 One of them thus addressed, "To the 
 Tythingman of Lysturnoy (sic) haste, post 
 haste, horse post, see these conveyed as aforesaid 
 with speed," orders 300/. to be sent at sight 
 from Odiham Hundred in part payment of 
 contribution money, " Your part is 2i)/. 2s. 6d. 
 William Gregorie, Constable." Two thousand 
 horse and dragoons were to pay an unwelcome 
 visit in case of refusal, but in the event of com- 
 pliance, kind treatment was promised, and an 
 allowance for any cattle previously taken. By 
 a similar warrant the Constable of the Hundred 
 of Odiham was ordered to send in by eleven 
 o'clock on the following morning 100 qrs. of 
 oats, GO qrs. of barley or malt, GO qrs. of wheat, 
 1000 lb. weight of' cheese, 1000 1b. weight of 
 bacon, and 20 loads of hay. "Your partis 
 10 qi's. of malt, 5 qrs. of wheat, cheese lilO, and 
 bacon 100 lb."' The same terms were offered as 
 in the former case. 
 
 It is said that the siege was raised by the 
 unanimous decision of a Council of War, Lieut.- 
 General Cromwell being specially in favour of 
 this measure. Of Basing it was said " many 
 brave sallies were made, and a multitude of men 
 they slew, so that it was afterwards called Bast- 
 ing House. It was reported that during the 24 
 weeks' siege the besiegerslost not less than 1000 
 men." " Mercurius Britannicus" is satirical on 
 Nov. 25th : " But by this time Basing House 
 is relieved, and the Winchester Goose proud in 
 conceit that his feathers shall not be pluckt this 
 winter." Suspicions now arose in Parliament 
 of the Earl of Essex "as careless or discontent," 
 and on Friday, November 22nd, the Committee 
 of Both Kingdoms were asked to give an account 
 to the House of the operations at Donnington, 
 Newbury, and Basing House. A letter was read 
 from the Local Committee at Basing, with two 
 warrants annexed concerning the remove of the 
 forces, one under the hand of the Earl of Man- 
 
 chester only ; the other under the hand of th© 
 Earl of Manchester, Sir W. Balfour, and Sir W- 
 Waller. " For Colonel Norton li.id writ a letter to 
 them that he had received a warrant from a chief 
 commander in the army, to withdraw from 
 Basing, which was to him a thing unexpected, 
 but yet he obeyed." 
 
 Colonels Norton and Jones " dispersed their 
 forces into winter quarters at Farnham, Reading, 
 Henley, and Abingdon, whilst the Cavaliers 
 occupied Basing, Odiham, Blewbury. and 
 Marlborough." Judging by the following para- 
 graph. Lady Onslowe must have regretted the 
 raising of the siege, quite as much, if not more, 
 than her husband : — 
 
 " And Basing House now at liberty, when at 
 London it was confidently reported it was lost. 
 And the Lady Onslow reported that the Par- 
 liament had considered their good service in 
 the cause, and therefore had given Basing 
 House to her husband, and hoped the world 
 should then sec them in a better condition. 
 But it proved otherwise, he being forced out of 
 his Lines of Communication." 
 
 The King, having been rejoined by Colonel 
 Gage, reached Oxford on November 23rd, and 
 placed his troops in winter quarters. 
 
 No better words can conclude this chapter 
 than thosewhich end the"Diary of theSiege": — 
 
 " I shall end all with these observations, viz., 
 that seldome hath been a seige wherein the 
 preservation of the place more imediatly might 
 be imputed to the hand of God I That the 
 souldiers in so long a Seige with all the suffer- 
 ings incident thereto should never Mutiny. 
 Nor that the customary Liberty at all our 
 Parlyes for to meet and talke wrought any 
 treachery. Wants of Provisions alwayes so sup- 
 plyed as if by miracle, during the Leaguer ; 
 wee not having lesse then seavenscore uselesse 
 mouths, that had rcliefe come at the time 
 appointed. Waller then hovering with his force 
 at Farnham, in probability a hazard whether 
 they had releived us, or preserved themselves. 
 Or had Norton (able to bring three times their 
 numbers forth), when the next weeke they 
 came, drawne out his strength, or had we not 
 got Powder from them, that, by our Releife 
 scarse serving till the Seige was raised ; or, 
 when we were releived, had they not suffered ua 
 to possesse the Towne a weeke, thereout sup- 
 plying ourselves for horse and man, before not 
 having for above three weekes. Or had they
 
 Thanksgiving. 
 
 195 
 
 when we first fetcht corn from Piats-Hill, or 
 fired or removed it." 
 
 " But God that holdeth all things in Hip hand, 
 appointing times and seasons ; ordereth all that 
 tends unto those ends he wils ; in vain it there- 
 fore were to villify the enemy ; blaming his 
 valor or discretion, or yet to say the care and 
 diligence of the Lord Marquisse Governour, the 
 skill and valour of the officers, the courage and 
 obedience of the Souldiers (though all these did 
 
 their parts) had thus preserved the place, in vain 
 we watch and ward, except God keepe the 
 House. Let no man therefore speake himself 
 an instrument, onley in giving thanks that God 
 had made him so, for hero was evidently seen, 
 He choxe the icea/c to confnund the strong. Non 
 Nobis Domine. Not unto us, not unto us O 
 Lord, but to thine owne name be all Glory for 
 ever. Amen !" 
 
 NOTE. — Lystnmey (page 194) is Lisa or Lass Tnrney, near Petergflcld.
 
 Cii.u'TKu XXVI. — Uk. Lkwis — GoiiiNG IN Hants— Courtesies ok Waki-ark — Cavalier 
 Defeat at Saeishury— Lieut.-General Middleton— Requisitions— A Cavalier 
 Plot — Isle of Wight Affairs— Goring at Portbridge and Ciiristchurcii— 
 Ludlow at Salisbury — Death of Colonel Gage — Crondall in Flames — Cavalier 
 Raids — Waller pursues Goring. 
 
 On Friday, November the Isfc, 1644, news- 
 paper readers learned that a foraging party 
 from Winchester Castle had appeared at Peters- 
 field, and under cover of a fog plundered a 
 Portsmouth road waggon, carrying off the eight 
 horses which drew it. On November 14th an 
 ordinance of Parliament was passed for displac- 
 ing the Rev. Wm. Lewis, d.d.. Master of St. 
 Cross Hospital, at Winchester, because " he 
 hath neglected the government of the said house, 
 and adhered to those that have levied war 
 against the Parliament, and are enemies to the 
 King and kingdom." Dr. Lewis was a Welsh- 
 man, born in Merionethshire, who was at a"n 
 early age elected Provost of Oriel College. He 
 was obliged to resign his post and to retire to 
 the Continent on account of certain amours, 
 but afterwards became Chaplain to the Duke of 
 Buckingham, was created D.D., and was 
 appointed to the Mastership of St. Cross. He 
 accompanied the expedition for the relief of 
 Rochelle, and on his return published " An 
 Account of a A'oyage to the Isle of Rhe." 
 He was a staunch Cavaliei', and a prebendary of 
 Winchester Cathedral. Deprived of his office 
 as Master of St. Cross, poverty and exile were 
 his lot, until the Restoration sent him back 
 again to St. Cross, where he died, and was 
 buried in 1667. (Fasti Oxon.) Mr. John Lisle, 
 M.P. for Winchester, remained Master of St. 
 Cross until the year 1657, when he was called 
 by Cromwell to a scat in the Upper House. 
 
 On Thursday, November 21st, 1644, both 
 Houses of Parliament ordered 500 tons of 
 timber and 6000 cords of wood to be cut on the 
 estates of Papists and delinquents in Hants and 
 Sussex, for the repairing of the defences of 
 
 Portsmouth. The 500 tons of timber were to 
 be employed in planking and fortifying the 
 defensive works, and the 6<t00 cords of wood 
 were to be sold by the Governor, Colonel Jeph- 
 son, to provide money for the expenses of the 
 garrison. The local Committees were ordered 
 to see that the wood was cut equally in the two 
 counties, and on the estates of the proper per- 
 sons. No waste or spoil was to be permitted, 
 and the work was to be done at seasonable 
 times. No young trees or any fit for navy use 
 were to be sold, and no timber was to be cut in 
 the New Forest. 
 
 Sir AVilliam Waller had already sent some 
 troops to Taunton in Somersetshire, where the 
 Parliament had many friends, and where Colonel 
 (afterwards Admiral) Blake was in command, 
 and intended to go thither himself with the 
 nucleus of an army to be raised for the purpose 
 of reducing the loyal western counties to sub- 
 mission. 
 
 Clarendon says that the Parliament sent 
 Waller out with such troops towards the west 
 as they cared not for, and resolved to use their 
 service no more. Lord Goring now persuaded 
 the King to send him with 3000 horse and 
 dragoons, 1500 foot, and a ti-ain of artillery 
 through Hampshire to Salisbury, in order to 
 keep Waller in check, saying also that he 
 intended to advance into Sussex, where many 
 friends to the Royal cause were, according to 
 his account, ready to declare for the King, as 
 were also the Cavaliers of Kent. He received a 
 commission as Lieutenant-General of Hamp- 
 shire, Sussex, Surrey, and Kent. He first 
 attacked Christchurch, " a little unfortified 
 fisher town," but was beaten off with loss and
 
 COUUTKSIES OF WaRFAKE. 
 
 197 
 
 obliged to retreat to Salisbury, '* where his 
 horse committed the same horrid outrages and 
 barbarities as they had done iu Hampshire, 
 without distinctiou of friends or foes, so that 
 those parts, which before were well devoted to 
 the King, worried by oppression, wished for the 
 access of any forces to redeem them." 
 
 Goring permitted Vandruske, a German officer 
 who had a command under Sir William Waller, 
 to relieve Taunton, and then, pretending that 
 his friends in Sussex and Kent were not yet 
 ready to join him, requested and obtained orders 
 from Oxford to proceed to Weymouth. This 
 fortress too he lost " by most supine negligence 
 at best." His forces, who were generally styled 
 " Goring's Crew," committed unheard of rapine 
 in Dorset, Somerset, and Devon, without 
 attempting in any way to harass the enemy. 
 
 Warburton says : — '• I am tempted to insert 
 here, as apposite, a very characteristic anecdote 
 of this time, told by Sir Richard Bulstrode. It 
 shews the sprightly nature of the subordinate 
 part of the war, and proves that even the 
 Puritan general could enter into the spirit of 
 his former associates. 
 
 ' This winter ( 1 G44:- j) General Goring was 
 quartered at Bruton, in Somersetshire, at Sir 
 Charles Berkeley's, an enclosed country, where 
 the villages were thick, and great store of forage 
 for horse. Sir William Waller was then 
 quartered at Salisbury, in Wiltshire, where the 
 villages are tliin, standing only in the valleys, 
 some distance from each other. General Goring, 
 taking this advantage, sent out parties almost 
 every night, to beat up the enemy's quarters in 
 Wiltsliiie, which was done with such good 
 success that in a short time we took many 
 prisoners and colours, which occasioned Waller 
 to write this ensuing letter to General Goring : 
 
 Noble Lord, — God's blessing be on your heart. 
 You are the j oiliest neighbour I have ever met 
 with. I wish for nothing more but an oppor- 
 tunity to let you know I would not be behind 
 in this kind of courtesy. In the meantime, it 
 your Lordship please to release such pri.soners 
 as you liave of mine, for the like number and 
 quality whicli I have of yours, I shall esteem it 
 as a great civility, being 
 
 Your Lordship's most humble and 
 obedient Servant, 
 
 William Wallek. 
 A Uumpcter (a humble sort of her.ild who 
 transacted such messages between the hostile 
 
 camps), arrived with this letter while Goring and 
 Sir Richard were at dinner. '* He had been 
 often with us,"' says the worthy knight, " and 
 was a pleasant droll, this trumpeter,' so they 
 told him to wait and he sliould have his answer 
 after dinner. Meanwhile, a party of liorse 
 return from a foray on the enemy, bringing 
 back '' five colours and some prisoners of Colonel 
 Popham's regiment.' Whereupon Sir William 
 Waller's trumpeter pressed that ho might be 
 sent back to his general, else probably he mighi 
 find his general "a prisoner too." This trans- 
 action was followed by a general exchange of 
 prisoners.' " 
 
 On Nov. •Jind, 1G44, Colonel Jones, the 
 Governor of Parnham Castle, asked for and 
 obtained reinforcements from Sir AVilliam 
 Waller, as TUUJ Royal horse and dragoons, under 
 Goring, had reached Odiham. Kent " now 
 raised 3000 men to oppose the King's march 
 into Sussex and Surrey, which was feared." 
 Our old acquaintance. Col. Bennet, whose regi- 
 ment of horse had been obliged " to bear olf in 
 some confusion " by Essex's cavalry at New 
 bury, on Oct. 27th, was now at Odiham, on Nov. 
 •J4th. The King's forces in that town were 
 said to number 4000. Four days afterwards 
 the armed Cavaliers in Hants were said to be 
 9000 strong, of whom LSOO were cavalry. The 
 horse were quartered at Basing, Basingstoke, 
 Odiham, and at various other places in the 
 county. They made continual raids, and had 
 threatened to pioceed to extremities if a contri- 
 bution of 40,1 ;0U/. was not at once paid. Basmg- 
 stoke is said to have suffered greatly. Sir 
 William Waller sent out a detachment to the 
 village of Crondall, near Paridiam, which, find- 
 ing the Cavaliers to be in considerable force, 
 exchanged sliots with them, and retired to 
 Farnham. Many thousands were said to be 
 taking up arms in Sussex for the Parliament. 
 Mr. W. Cawley, at Chichester, was exerting 
 himself to check the aspirations of the Royalists, 
 and at the end ot' 1044 it was thought advisable 
 to '■ demolish many strong houses in Sussex," 
 where tliere was no garri.son, allowing the 
 delinquent owners to compound. 
 
 After the second Battle of Newbury (Oct. 
 •27th, 1G44), in which his regiment suffered 
 severely, and his cousin. Cornet Gabriel 
 Ludlow, was killed, Colunel Ludlow, at the 
 express desire of Colonel Norton, took part in 
 the siege of Basing House. After the raising
 
 198 
 
 Cavaliku Dktkat aj- Saij8iu;i{Y. 
 
 of tho siogo he witlidnnv with tho greater part 
 of his regiment into Wiltshire, as the Com- 
 mittee of Both Kingdoms had ordered special 
 care to he taken for that county. A party of 
 Cavaliers, under Colonel Francis Cooke, had 
 meanwliilo reached Salisbury, and were busily 
 fortifying the Cathedral Close. Early in Decem- 
 ber thi'v sent out a detaclimcnt towards South- 
 ampton, which was repulsed near that town 
 witii a loss of 10 men and 12 horses. The 
 victorious Roundheads, following up their 
 success, marched on December oth to Salisbury. 
 Their lenders were Sergeant-Major (i.e., Major) 
 Duet (Dewett), avIio belonged to Colonel Lud- 
 low's regiment, and Major Wansey (Weins- 
 ford), who was in command of Colonel Norton's 
 horse and some otiier cavalry. The whole force 
 numbered 200 horse and dragoons. The 
 Cavaliers, driven out of the town, retired into 
 the Close, shutting the gates against their pur- 
 suers. The " Angel " Inn, at the Close- 
 gate, and the " George" Inn, at the Sand-gate 
 (St. Anne's Gate), were both hastily garrisoned, 
 the one by Captain Sturges' troop, and the other 
 by Sir John Pollard's troop. The Puritan 
 infantry forced open the Sand-gate, and their 
 mounted comrades speedily entered the Close- 
 gate. The " George " and the '' Angel '' were then 
 both set on fire, Avhich, ere long, obliged those 
 within to surrender, whereupon the assailants 
 extinguished the flames. The prisoners taken 
 here were Colonel Francis Cooke, Lieut.-Colonel 
 Hooke, Lieut. Kelsall, Cornets Bame (Game), 
 and IMartin. Quarter-Masters Bower, Hollywell, 
 and Berry (Derry), Master Alexander, a Gentle- 
 man Volunteer, and 40 common soldiers. Major 
 Bower escaped, although wounded, as did many 
 others, in the darkness. All the horses, 163 in 
 number, some match and powder, 200 arms, and 
 some other plunder were captured. A laptain 
 and about twenty others were killed on the 
 King's side, but only two of the attacking party 
 were slain. Capt. Feiler (Fielder 'f) and some 
 others were wounded on the side of the Parlia- 
 ment. Some of the prisoners were set at liberty, 
 and others, both officers and men, took the 
 Covenant, and enlisted in the service of the 
 Parliament. Elated with success, the victors 
 retired with 80 prisoners to Southampton by way 
 of Dean House, Avhich was the home of Sir John 
 Evelyn. Major Wansey had here found such 
 good quarters that he neither cared to give up 
 possession to the lawful owner, nor to take the 
 
 licApatehl bidding of Colonel Ludlow. Ludlow 
 therefore marched to aid in the relief of Taunton 
 at the head of 200 horse, leaving the gallant 
 major to take his ease at Dean House. Taunton 
 being once more in safety, the forces raised in 
 Wilts and Dorset returned at once to their own 
 counties. 
 
 On December 5th a detachment of Ludlow's 
 horse was quartered at Peter.sfield. Other Parlia- 
 ment forces were stationed at Arundel, Abing- 
 ston, Reading, Henley, and Farnham. and active 
 preparations were on foot for the relief of 
 Taunton. On the next day complaints were 
 made in Parliament that the counties of " Surrey, 
 Sussex, and Hants, pay not the money due to 
 Colonel Middleton," and on December 30th 
 the Committee for the West and the Com- 
 mittee for Surrey, Sussex, and Hants were 
 ordered to meet that afternoon '• about pre- 
 paring and furnishing the dragoons ordered from 
 these counties, and to send money to Lieut.- 
 Gen. Middleton." This officer afterwards 
 represented Horsham in Parliament. He had 
 been in May, 1641, the involuntary cause of 
 alarming all London. '• The report on a plot 
 was reading in the House of Common.s, when 
 some members in the gallery stood up, the better 
 to hear the report, and Middleton, and Mr. 
 Moyle, of Cornwall, two persons of good bigness, 
 weighed down a board in the gallery, which gave 
 so great a crack that some members thought it 
 was a plot indeed, and an alarm of fire, of the 
 House falling, and of a malignant conspiracy, 
 spread rapidly over the town, so that a regiment 
 of trained bands was collected in the city upon 
 beat of drum, and marched as far as Covent 
 Garden to meet these imaginary evils." Mid- 
 dleton at first sided with the Parliament, and 
 did good service against Donnington Castle and 
 Basing House, but in June, 1648, he was con- 
 cerned in a Royalist rising in Sussex, and was 
 sent to London under arrest. 
 
 On December 6th, 1644, the Marquis of 
 Winchester sent a warrant to the Tythingman 
 of Chert (Charte, near Frensham), which is 
 described as being a small hamlet of not more 
 than 40 houses, ordering him to pay up eleven 
 months' arrears of the assessment levied upon 
 the neighbourhood by the Cavaliers. The 
 required amount was 85/. 2s. 6d., and the 
 township or precinct was required to pay an 
 additional 60?. per month for eight months in 
 aafit.ecn The whole sum of 565/. 2s. 6d. was
 
 A Cavalikk Purr. 
 
 199 
 
 to be paid within 30 days, " which if you fail 
 to do, you must not oxpoct any favour, but to 
 be left to the mercy of the soldiers, whicli will 
 take your goods and destroy your horses." On 
 Thursday, Dec. 12 th, Colonel Jones, Governor 
 of Farnhani Castle, came to London, and reported 
 his garrison to be in a good state of defence, 
 but he asked for a few horsemen to keep in 
 check the Cavaliers from Basing House, who 
 were constantly plundering, and carrying into 
 the house much money and great store of 
 provisions. There was no Royalist garrison 
 nearer to Farnham than Basing, and he ( Colonel 
 Jones) had a few days previously sent out his 
 scouts, who rode to Odiham, and went within 
 two miles of Basing, without meeting with the 
 enemy. 
 
 At 8 p.m. on December 1 7th, Harie Barclay 
 wrote to the Earl of Essex from Reading,stating 
 that a King's spy had been arrested on the pre- 
 vious day, and had confessed that he had formerly 
 been a soldier in the Royal army, but was now 
 living at Strattfeild Sea (Strathtieldsaye). On 
 Friday,December 13th, he was '• sent for by some 
 of the Commanders of Basin House," and 
 ordered to go to Reading to find out what guns, 
 and how large a garrison there were in the town, 
 '■ and what horse lay near."" He was directed to 
 ask for a brewer"s house ne£.r St. Mary's Church, 
 and was told that the owner thereof would send 
 to four or five other friends of the King in the 
 town to tell them that the messenger had arrived 
 from Basing. A townsman promised " to be as 
 good as their words." A large force of Cavalier 
 horse anil ft)ot was to arrive about two o'clock 
 in the morning of December 18th, in the liopeof 
 surprising the town. Several of the townsmen 
 had been arrested, and all the guards had been 
 strengthened. Barclay asks that cavalry may 
 be .sent, as scouts are urgently required. '* One 
 Mr. Bedford"' had hitherto supplied intelligence, 
 " who will be forced to put away his men for 
 want of money." 
 
 On December 3l8t cavalry were also asked for 
 at Farnham, in order to check foragers from 
 the garrisons of Winchester and Basing. Thus 
 ended the year 1G44. 
 
 On New Year's Day, 1645, Speaker Lenthall 
 was urging the Committee of Hants, Surrey, 
 and Susse.\ to more energetic action, and on the 
 next day it was ordered that Lieut.-General 
 Middleton should have power " to raise the 
 arrears due to the troop under his command 
 
 raised by the county of Hants out of the quar- 
 ters of the enemy in the said county, and that 
 care be taken for the protecting of the people 
 of that county, when the forces now there 
 shall be drawn away from thence." The local 
 Committees of Sussex, Surrey, and Hants were 
 likewise ordered to raise 'J2^jl. Is. (Id., in order 
 to repay certain advances of money made by 
 Waller to the troops of horse under his com- 
 mand which had been raised in thoje counties. 
 From some of these loans we can ascertain 
 the strength of various commands. In Sussex 
 Major Ker, as captain, liis commissioned 
 officers, inferior officers, and 72 soldiers received 
 l[)2l. 3s. as 14 days' full pay. Paid to Mr.John 
 Crookshanks to send to hini in prison at Bridg- 
 water, 20/. Paid Nicholas Roberts, a wounded 
 soldier of Captain Drapers, 17s. Gd. 
 
 In Hampshire Captain- Lieutenant Robert 
 Parham, who was in command of the troop 
 originally raised for Sir Richard Uranville. 
 received 117/. lOs. Lieutenant-Oencral Middle- 
 ton, as captain, his commissioned officers, one 
 trumpet, three corporals, and 60 soldiers received 
 214/. lis. Captain Jervoise's troop had in it 
 107 troopers on July Gth, 1G44, but on December 
 12th of the same year he drew seven days" full 
 pay for himseU' and other commissioned officers, 
 and 14 days' full pay for two corporals, one 
 trumpet, and 40 troopers,the total amount being 
 114/. 12s. Gd. In Surrey Captain Pavell 
 received for his troop 37/. 10s. 
 
 On January Sth, 1G45, Col. Norton was voted 
 14 days' pay for his regiment, and Sir Walter 
 Erie and Mr. Lisle were to decide on the best 
 means of raising tlie money. Colonel Norton 
 and all commanders then in London were 
 ordered to go to their respective commands at 
 once. Two days afterwards i')i)U/. worth of 
 provisions were voted lor the garrison of Ports- 
 moutli at the request of Colonel Jeplison. the 
 cost being charged against the garrison, which 
 was also "to have all desired clothes. " The 
 provisions were to be sent from the Isle of 
 Wiglit, concerning which we read that on 
 January 2.')th tlio Lords sent down an ordinance 
 to the Commons " for the making the borough 
 of Newport, in tlie Isle of Wight, a parisli of 
 itself, and that Mr. Thompson may be minister.' 
 
 On Now Years Day, lG4r», Sir Artliur Hasle- 
 rig's regiment of horse and the Kentish regi- 
 ment of horse had their headijuarters at 
 Peterslield, whilst detachments were posted a
 
 200 
 
 LUULOW AT SaLISHUKY. 
 
 Midhurst, Petwortli. and 'rangmcrc, near Chi- 
 chester. They wore in <,'reat need of rest, their 
 horses liavin^ marched hard and far, in order to 
 check tlie atrocities of " (loring's crow." 
 
 On January 'Jnd orders were given by the 
 House of Commons that the burden of billeting 
 soldiers should l)e lessened in Hants, and that 
 the forces rai.scd in the county, then under tlic 
 command of Sir W. AValler, should receive 
 regular pay. On January 'J 1st, complaints were 
 made to the House "of many great outrages and 
 insolcncies committed by divers Walloons and 
 strangers of Colonel Behr's regiment." The 
 Committee of Both Kingdoms were directed 
 " at once to secure the arms and horses of those 
 Walloons and strangers and to discharge them 
 of the service." 
 
 On January 'ind Major Philip Lower, who 
 was in command for the Parliament at Christ- 
 cliurch, heard that a large force of Goring's 
 Cavaliers from Winchester was only four miles 
 from the town. A council of war at once 
 resolved that as the garrison was but small and 
 the town open and unfortified, and the soldiers 
 but newly raised, a retreat must be made to 
 Hurst Castle and the Isle of Wight. Having, 
 therefore, sent away all their ammunition in 
 boats belonging to Christchurch, the Puritans 
 evacuated the town, pursued by the Cavalier 
 horse, but with some loss at length made good 
 their retreat. The Royalists soon afterwards 
 left Christchurch. and fell back tow^ards their 
 main body. 
 
 On January .'5rd Colonel Ludlow was defeated 
 at Salisbury. On his return from the relief of 
 Taunton to Salisbury he found that a Cavalier 
 garrison had been established at Lord Cole- 
 raine's, " at Langford House, two miles from 
 thence." It consisted of half a troop of horse 
 and 1^00 or 300 foot, who often entered Salis- 
 bury, pressing men for the King's service, taking 
 beds, &c. Ludlow, therefore, determined to 
 fortify the belfry tower, wdiich then stood in 
 the Cathedral Close, but hearing that some of 
 the enemy were at Amesbury, he sent out Capt. 
 Sadleir, who was the only captain of the regi- 
 ment then at headquarters, to obtain informa- 
 tion. Captain Sadler met the Cavaliers at 
 Netlieravon, and, contrary to his Colonel's 
 expectation, was soon hotly engaged. Lud- 
 low came in all haste to the rescue, and 
 Bome men were killed and taken on both sides. 
 The Puritans retired to Salisbury, and placed 
 
 their prisoners in the belfry. Ludlow's foixc 
 consisted of between .'500 and 400 men, 100 of 
 whom were quartered in the Close. They com- 
 mitted the fault of " thinking themselves 
 too secure in their fjuartcrs." As Ludlow 
 was reading a letter from Colonel Norton, 
 asking for a cavalry reinforcement, a sentry 
 gave the alarm, saying that some Cavaliers were 
 entering the city. Mounting in haste, Colonel 
 Ludlow rode up the street past the " Three 
 Swans," but hearing a great noise of horses in 
 Castle-street, he returned to t!ie Market-place, 
 which he at once perceived to be thronged 
 with mounted Cavaliers. Whereupon, says 
 Ludlow, " I went by the back side of the Town 
 House (Council Ch.amber), through a street 
 called the Ditch" to the guard in the Close. 
 He there found that some of his men were in 
 bed, whilst others had quitted their posts during 
 the hours of darkness. Only about 3ii horse- 
 men could be collected, ten of w^iom were sent 
 with a cornet to charge the enemy, Ludlow 
 following with ten other.s, with a trumpet 
 sounding in the rear, as if another body of 
 cavalry was close at hand. Marching past the 
 Butter Cross in single file, the colonel, with his 
 men, entered the Market-place, where he found 
 his cornet fighting desperately. Major Dewett 
 was absent in London. The new comers charged 
 the Cavaliers on the left flank and routed them. 
 Ludlow, who escaped unhurt, checked his horse, 
 which fell backwards, but he was speedily again 
 in the saddle, and captured in Endless-street 
 Lieut. -Colonel Middleton (a Roman Catholic), 
 who said that he was in command of 300 men, 
 that 300 others would soon arrive, and that a 
 reserve of 3t^0 additional troopers, under Sir 
 Marmaduke Langdile. who was in supreme com- 
 mand, had halted in the outskirts of the city. 
 There was now no alternative but to retreat, 
 and Ludlow, at the head of IGmen. cut his way 
 through the enemy, killing and wounding many 
 of the Cavaliers. Captain Sadleir fired both 
 his pistols, and then proved himself a skilful 
 swordsman.as did also MajorDewett's lieutenant. 
 Both these officers escaped, as did rather more 
 than 100 men with their horses, and about the 
 same number on foot. About 100 horses and 
 80 men remained in the hands of the enemy. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Read, Captain Jones, three 
 or four " under officers." and a few troopers still 
 resisted in the belfry tower, but the Cavaliers 
 brought a cart laden with charcoal up to the
 
 Goring at Portbridge. 
 
 2U1 
 
 door. Those within shot the luckless driver, 
 who was by no means a willing agent in this 
 transaction, but seeing that active preparations 
 for roasting them alive by burning straw and 
 charcoal were in progress, they discreetly sur- 
 rendered. 
 
 Colonel Ludlow retreated over Harnham Hill 
 through Odstock, losing the road upon the 
 descent of the hill beyond Odstock, the snow 
 lying deep upon the ground. He had a narrow 
 escape from capture in a lane, but, passing 
 through Fordiiigbridge, reached Southampton 
 without further molestation, taking with him 
 Colonel Fielding and certain other prisoners. 
 His captured troopers were soon after 
 exchanged for Colonel Cooke and the 60 
 other Cavalier prisoners who had been taken 
 at Salisbury on December oth, 1G44, and who 
 were still in durance at Southampton. Ludlow 
 sent his best men to Portsmouth, and kept the 
 rest with liim near Lymington and Hurst Castle. 
 He defeated an attempt made to surprise his 
 force, and then went to the Isle of Wight, 
 where he met with numerous friends. 
 
 On January 7th, lG4r), Goring's head quarters 
 were at or noar Romscy, and on the following 
 day the House of Commons heard that from 
 BOOIJ to .")0^)0 Cavalier horse were at Petersfield 
 and Petworth, and were threatening to invade 
 Surrey. The Kentish regiment of horse and 
 Sir A. Haslerig's regiment had marched from 
 Petersfield towards the west, and 6000 or 7i)00 
 Cavalier horse and foot were reported to be near 
 Winchester, which was Goring's base of opera- 
 tions. The Earl of Manchester was officially 
 asked " Why their forces lay quartered on tlieir 
 friends near London, and did not remove nearer 
 to the enemy according to former directions.'" 
 
 "Mercurius Britannicus " said, on January 
 litth, •' The enemy are very busy about Win- 
 chester, quartering witliin four miles of Ports- 
 mouth," intending to take Portbridge. Some 
 foragt'rs from Winchester Castle had been 
 charged by Colonel Morley's troop, and routed 
 with the loss of the cattle which tliey had 
 seized, and of several prisoners. Goring's horse 
 had now left Petersfield, and his army, consist- 
 ing of 4(100 horse, 20(10 dragoons, and 1.^)00 
 infantry, wliich had formerly been commanded 
 by Prince IVIaurice, was marching towards 
 Portsmouth, where Colonel Jcphson and his 
 garrison were thoroughly on the alert. 
 
 " Aulicus," on February oth, said that Goring 
 had taken numerous prisoners at Alton, Peters- 
 field, and elsewhere, and amongst them Lieut. 
 Langley, an engineer belonging to the garri.son 
 of Portsmouth. Having an iron substitute for 
 a lost hand, his comrades styled him " A'ulcan "" 
 and the "God of War, " saying that he had 
 made his own hand, but the Cavaliers called 
 him " Bunny," because a namesake of his had 
 been executed at Tyburn. He was released on 
 parole, which he broke, whilst others observed 
 it, and escaped, but was retaken in a house 
 near Portsmouth. " A zealous woman," mis- 
 taking the Cavaliers for Roundheads, told them 
 that the King's forces would certainly have 
 surprised Portsmouth if honest Lieutenant 
 Langley had not made his escape, and given 
 information to the Governor. Extremely incle- 
 ment weather and other reasons made Goring 
 retire ere long. 
 
 The Parliamentary forces in Sussex were now 
 reinforced bj' If^OO horse from Kent, and a 
 strong force was also on tlic march from Read- 
 ing to curb Goring's excesses. His headquarters 
 were at Winchester, but some of his cavalry 
 were quartered at Andover. About January 
 11th he retreated from Portbridge. The 
 Governor of Portsmouth, with 140 horse, at 
 once went in search of stragglers. Tliej' killed 
 several, and returned to Port.sraouth with ten 
 wounded prisoners and about 'JO horses. 
 
 The " Life of Sir William Penn " (Vol. I., 
 p. 104) gives us a specimen of Goring's usual 
 method of procedure. Penn was then in com- 
 mand of a Parliament's ship named the Fdlmr- 
 ship. which had been, whilst laden with the 
 plunder of Bristol, captured by the Sirallow at 
 Milford Haven in the preceding year. The 
 Fclldwithip was of 4(10 tons burden, had '-'8 guns 
 as armament, and a crew of 110 men. Cap- 
 tain (afterwards Admiral) Penn writes thus : — 
 "1644-5, January 6th. Colonel Goring, his 
 forces came down and plundered the town of 
 Gosport ; and about six o'clock at night fired 
 some twenty-four ("Jl) houses, and we, and the 
 Striffsiirc :ind the J/a/v/ Bnse, shot divers pieces 
 of ordnance to them." The Swiftsure was of 
 '260 tons burden, mounting 48 guns, whilst the 
 Man/ Jioac. Captain Phineas Pett, was of 320 
 tons burden, wifh 28 guns and lOo men. 
 
 Lord AViu' hester, on January 11 th. lost a 
 valued and trusty friend by the death of Sir
 
 •JOJ 
 
 J>i;.\jii lU' Coi.oMJ- Gaok, 
 
 Honi-y Gago, -vvlio liad broii appointed by tlio 
 King .13 Uovoiiior of Oxford, in tliu stead of 
 Sir Arthur Aston. 
 
 Tlio town of Abingdon, which was strongly 
 garrisoned for the Parliament, is tlius described : 
 — '* Abingdon, where a cruel custom had been 
 practised of hanging all the Irish without any 
 manner of trial, under which notion very many 
 English also suffered, a barbarity so common 
 that it grew into the proverb of ' Abingdon 
 law' ! •• 
 
 The Governor of Abingdon appointed by the 
 Earl of Essex was Major General Browne, of 
 whom frequent mention has already been made. 
 Heatli's Chronicle says that though he was at 
 first a zealous partisan of the Parliament, he 
 was • afterwards, when the war was ended and 
 the King brought to Holmby, made one of the 
 Commissioners to attend His Majesty, where he 
 was so wholly gained upon by his princely good- 
 ness and virtues that from that time he was 
 wliolly changed and reduced from all false 
 opinions concerning His Majesty, and after- 
 wards pi'oved a most cordial and loyal actor and 
 Buli'erer for him and his cause." 
 
 Abingdon and its garrison had long been a 
 thorn in the side of Oxford, and, with the 
 approval of Prince Rupert. Sir Henry Gage 
 proposed to construct a royal fort at Culham 
 Bridge, to keep the Abingdon forces in check. 
 
 On January 11th, 1645, he marched out of 
 Oxford at the head of a party of horse and 
 foot. A traitor had, however, given warning 
 to the enemy, and Major-General Browne was 
 on the alert. A sharp skirmish ensued, in which 
 Major Bradbury and at least thirty others were 
 slain on the side of the Parliament. Of the 
 King's forces not more than seven common 
 soldiers fell, but Colonel Gage, marching at the 
 head of his men, was wounded by a musket 
 shot, and died a few hours afterwards. Claren- 
 don says that he was shot through the heart by 
 a musket bullet, and a third account states that 
 he was wounded in tho head, " of which he died 
 as soon as he came to Oxford.'" "His body was 
 afterwards interred at Oxford with funebrious 
 exequies and solemnities answerable to his 
 merits, who, having done His Majesty special 
 service, was, whilst living, generally beloved, 
 and dead, is still universally lamented. His 
 daily refreshed memory makes me trespass on 
 the reader's patience with this 
 
 E L E (. \ 
 On the Xever-linough-Lamonttd JJeatli of 
 Sir Hknky GA<ii;. the Mo.st Desired 
 Governourof Oxford. 
 So Titus called was, " The world'H dcli^'ht," 
 And straightway dyd ; The enviouH .SiattTB' spight. 
 Still the great favourite : The darling head 
 Unto tho Fates is always forfeited. 
 Our Life's a Chase, where (tho' the whole Herd fly), 
 Thegoodlyest Deer is singled out to dye. 
 And as in iicasts, the fattest ever bleeds. 
 So amongst men, he that doth bravest deeds. 
 He might have lived, had but a Coward fear 
 Kept him securely sculking in the rear, 
 Or like some sucking Colonel, whose edge 
 Durst not advance a foot from a thick hedge. 
 Or like the wary Skippon had so sure 
 A suit of Arms, he might (besiege 1; endure. 
 Or like the politick Lords, of differtnt skill. 
 Who thought a Sa>\--pit safer, or a Hill: 
 Whose valour in two organs too did lye. 
 Distinct: the one's in's ear, th' other's in his eye. 
 Puppets of War ! Thy name shall be divine, 
 And happily augment the number nine. 
 But that the Heroes, and the Muses strive 
 To own thee dead, who wert them all. alive, 
 Such an exact composure was in thee. 
 Neither exceeding Maks nor JMeuCDUY. 
 'Twas ju.st the' hard, though shouldst dye Govemour 
 Of th' King's (.hief Fort of Learning, and of War. 
 Thj- death was truly for thy Garrison 
 Thou dy'dst projecting her Redemption. 
 What unto Hasing twice (successful spirit) 
 Was done, thou hast effected here in merit. ♦ 
 
 The Bridge was broken down : The Fort alone 
 GAGE was himself, the first and the last stone. 
 Go. burn thy faggots, Browx, and grieve thy Rage 
 Let's thee outlive the gentle grasp of GAGE. 
 And when thou read'st in thy Britannicus 
 The boasted story of his death, say thus : 
 The Valour I have shewn in this was Crime, 
 And GAGE'S Death will brand me to all time. 
 
 Various changes seem to have taken place in 
 the garrison at Basing. Cornet Bryan we shall 
 see no more at Loyalty House, but methinks I 
 catch a glimpse of him as Major Bryan, 
 Governor of Wem in Shropshire, from which 
 town Governor King, sometime a chandler in 
 Chancery-lane, had been expelled. A gallant 
 soldier ever ! Many of our old friends will 
 appear again. 
 
 To keep Goiing in check. Waller in chief 
 command. Cromwell, and Massey were 
 sent westward with 6000 horse, with con- 
 siderable success. On January 11th, the 
 famous Xew Model Army was ordered 
 to consist of 6000 horse, forming ten regiments, 
 and of 1000 dragoons, arranged in ten companies. 
 There was to be no Lieutenant-Colonel in a
 
 GOKING AT ClIRISTCHURCH. 
 
 203 
 
 regiment of horse. The 12 regiments of foot, 
 were each to have 10 companies, and to muster 
 1200 men. "Each trooper shall receive 2s. per 
 diem for his entci tainmcnts." Horses were 
 allowed to captains and other officers at the rate 
 of 28. each per diem. Colonel Rossiter's 
 regiment of horse. 600 strong, was to be extra 
 to the New Model. Sussex was to pay 3927/. 
 and Surrey and South wark 2000/. per month 
 towards the maintenance of thia force. 
 
 On January loth, lG4o, the Parliament had 
 6000 horse and dr.igoons quartered in and about 
 Petersfield. in addition to a reserve of 1100 
 dragoons. A false report was prevalent on 
 January 17tli that Goring had surprised Christ- 
 church, capturing i^O men and arms, together 
 with two guns, but the truth was speedily 
 known. After burning either 21 or 24 houses 
 at Gosport, he marched westward, driving off 
 all the cattle, horses, sheep, swine, and carrying 
 away many men out of the hundreds of Titch- 
 field, Alverstoke, and Fareham. Colonel Jeph- 
 son arrested a miller, and certain others who had 
 been heavily bribed by Goring to put him in 
 possession of Portbridge, and of one of the 
 defences of Portsmouth. Goring having 
 plundered Romsey, '• not leaving a sheep or a 
 hog," marched into the New Forest, and on 
 January loth attacked Christchurch, which was 
 again occupied by Major Philip Lower, and a 
 garrison of 200 men, storming it on all sides," 
 with about 1000 men. The town was "meanly 
 fortified," and Clarendon calls it " a little 
 unfortified fisher town." A townsman, who was 
 the first man killed, guided the assailants to an 
 open place, the town was quickly entered, and 
 the garrison driven into the church, the castle, 
 and Mr. Hastings' house. Such a bold stand 
 was now made that a Major who led the 
 stormers fell, together witli many of his men. 
 Bullets were Hying thick and fast, when all at 
 once a bright light as of a beacon fire was seen 
 in the direction of Poole. This was hailed by the 
 hard pressed garrison as a token of approaching 
 relief, and a panic seized the Cavaliers, who 
 were tjuickly driven out of the town with heavy 
 loss. It was afterwards discovered that the fire 
 which did such good service was not in any way 
 intended to announce tlie coming of relief from 
 Poole. Colonel Ludlow had already embarked 
 his men in tlie Tsle of "Wight to relieve Christ- 
 church, when he heard of the defeat of Goring, 
 who retreated towards Lymington, taking as he 
 
 went all the farmers' corn, and not leaving any 
 for seed, so that the wretched peasants were 
 obliged either to forsake their dwellings, or to 
 starve. Lieutenant-General Middleton pursued 
 the Cavaliers as far as Lymington, where he 
 almost succeeded in hemming them in. but 
 Goring at length eluded him, and on January 
 17th was at Whiteparish and the nciglibouring 
 villages, having lost at Christchurcii a major, 
 two I aptains, and many men. Clarendon says 
 that he " was forced to retire to Salisbury, 
 where his horse committed the same horrid out- 
 rages and barbarities as they had done in 
 Hampshire, without distinction of friends or 
 foes ; so that those parts, which l)efore were 
 well devoted to the King's, worried with 
 oppression wished for the access of any forces 
 to deliver them." 
 
 On January 21st Goring was still at and near 
 Salisbury, Essex's horse were at Alton, about 
 to march to meet Sir William Waller, who was 
 to advance against Goring with GODO horse and 
 dragoons, " and 1100 dragoons are to attend them 
 as a reserve." AValler's infantry were about to 
 march from Farnham, from which place a week 
 afterwards Colonel Fortescue laments the "want 
 of money and other provisions." It having been 
 said by '• Aulicus " that the Roundheads had 
 stripped the lead from the roof of Basing 
 Church and had then blamed the Cavaliers for 
 it, " Britannicus," on January 27th, 1()46. 
 retorts that Lord Winchester, whom the 
 journalist in verj' coarse terms charges with 
 having taken shelter from bombardment for 
 many months in a cellar, " gave order to have 
 the church unleaded to make consecrated bullets 
 to shoot away the Protestant religion." On the 
 same day that this statement appeared in print 
 120 of Goring's horse sallied from Basing 
 House and attacked two small troops at Crou- 
 dall and Addershot (Alder.shot), many of whom 
 escaped, either by means of i)ack doors, or by 
 being quartered at scattered farmhouses. 
 Eitlier four or six men who asked quarter were 
 killed, and .')() men and 40 horses were cap- 
 tured. Amongst the prisoners were a lieutenant, 
 two cornets or colours, and a quartermaster. 
 Some plunder was also obtained, but the alarm 
 having been given at Farnham Castle the 
 assailants retired, after setting the village of 
 Crondall on fire in several places. The Hames 
 were extinguished after four houses and a barn 
 full of corn had been destroyed. Another
 
 204 
 
 Cavamkk Raii>s. 
 
 account says that but few escaped out of 
 throe companies of Roundheads, and that 
 only 150 wore taken pri.sonors out of 100, 
 the rest being refused tiuarter. Tlio leader 
 in this bold enterprise was an Irish gentleman. 
 A groat jianic prevailed in Farnham of which 
 several Cavalii-r prisoners took advantage to 
 escape from captivity. Goring had been roused 
 to action by hearing that Waller's infantry liad 
 mar. lied from Farnham. Sir Marmadnke Lang- 
 dale had therefore marched from Salisbury to 
 Bisliop's Woltliam, whilst Goring, on the other 
 side of Winchester,beat up the enemy's quarters. 
 Goring and Langdale were said to be in com- 
 mand of 3000 horse. Passengers arriving at 
 Portsmouth informed the Governor that 
 recruits raised in Xormandy for Goring 
 were at Brest, intending to disembark 
 near Portsmouth. The House of Commons 
 ordered reinforcements to be immediately sent 
 to Farnham Castle, and that Waller, who left 
 London on January 30th, should "go west 
 towards the enemy presently." About this 
 time Captain Charles Price (not Capt. Rayden) 
 was mortally stabbed at Basing (one account 
 says Oxford) in a private quarrel. Colonel 
 Ludlow was now posted at Odiham to check 
 foragers from Basing House, and was frequently 
 ordered to Godliman (Godalming) and other 
 places. Colonel Devereux attacked near Marl- 
 borough a party of Cavaliers, who, on their 
 march to join Lord Hopton from Donnington 
 and Basing, were plundering road waggons. 
 He captured Sir Anthony Sellenger, who com- 
 manded the party, Major Hyde, a captain, a 
 lieutenant, and some other officers, 30 troopers, 
 50 horses, and about 4') stand of arms, retaking 
 also the carriers' carts and waggons. 
 
 During the first week in February, 164."), 
 Waller, at Farnham, asked for and obtained 
 6000/. from the excise duties, 3000 pairs of shoes, 
 one week's biscuit and cheese, 200 backs, breasts, 
 and pots, and 400 pairs of pistols. His men 
 were to pay for their shoes, and " his surgeons 
 were to be provided with medicaments that he 
 may go into action." On February 2nd he was 
 waiting for artillery before marching against 
 Goring. On this day, which was Sunday, some 
 troopers from Basing House rode up to Tile- 
 hurst Church during divine service, threatening 
 to carry off the minister and the leading 
 parishioners, unless 300/. was at once paid to 
 them, which was accordingly done. Three 
 
 more regiments of hor.se and foot were now 
 being raised in Kent for the service of the 
 Parliament. On February 4tli Waller marched 
 from Farnham to Alton, and was still demand- 
 ing indispensable supplies. Some of his troops 
 were skirmishing with and advancing against 
 Goring's forces, who were retreating in a north- 
 westerly direction beyond Salisbury. Goring 
 himself, whose army, by the junction of Sir 
 Thomas Aston's command, now consisted of 
 .")U00 hor.se and foot, was still at Sali-sbury. Sir 
 Thomas Aston had been created a baronet on 
 July 2rjth, 1628. A steadfast Cavalier, he died 
 at Stafford on May 24th, 164;), from wounds 
 received in the King's service. 
 
 Goring's army was thus described : " Such pro- 
 fane and blasphemous, villainous Irish, French, 
 Walloons, and divers other nations as the world 
 affords not the like." There followed the camp 
 " a thousand women of bad character, many of 
 them Irish, who carry much plunder upon 
 horses!" 
 
 " Britannicus' says, on February 24th, 1645 : 
 " ' Aulicus' tells of Goring scouring Hants, but 
 Hants will never be scoured clean as long as 
 that blaspheming wretch remains there, with 
 collected filth of several countries, which the 
 earth sure would vomit out, or take in, but that 
 she is merciful to her native inhabitants." 
 
 The Cavaliers were, on February 4th, watch- 
 ing Southampton so closely that it was not safe 
 to go a mile from the town. On February 12th 
 Waller reported the loss of the outworks at 
 Weymouth, and was ordered to march into 
 the west with all his available horse and foot. 
 If the infantry were as yet unprepared to march, 
 a strong body of horse and dragoons was to go 
 to the support of the garrisons in the west, 
 leaving the infantry to follow with all speed. 
 Some of Waller's officers refused to march with 
 him from Petersfield, but the officers of Crom- 
 well's regiments, and of some others, were will- 
 ing to do so. To check such disorders in future, 
 the Parliament on February 1 3th gave Waller 
 full powers to enforce military obedience from 
 all ranks, at the same time thanking him for so 
 readily executing their orders and advancing 
 against Goring, who was attacking Weymouth. 
 Waller, who now had 3400 horse, 700 dragoons, 
 and a large infantry force, found that 28 troops, 
 numbering some 700 men, were in a mutinous 
 frame of mind. They marched as far as 
 Croydon, and the dwellers in Surrey and Kent
 
 ToIUAS Baisi.kv, 
 
 205 
 
 fully expected to be plundered by them, but 
 awed by the firmness displayed by the House of 
 Commons, they implored pardon, and, promis- 
 ing better behaviour for the future, returned to 
 tlieir duty. Waller fully intended to obtain 
 possession cf Winchester Castle before marching 
 against (iroring, Imt the desertion of a trumpeter 
 on the night before that fixed for the assault 
 gave warning to the garrison, and the scheme 
 was abandoned. 
 
 A letter from Waller was read in I'arliament 
 on February l"2th, which stated that hearing 
 that three regiments of Goring's horse Avere 
 (juartered at Andover, he sent a party thither to 
 beat up their quarters, but, warning having 
 been sent from Alresford, a retreat was made to 
 Newton Toney, near Amesbury, and Waller's 
 men were foiled in their purpose. (Joring, 
 evidently intending to march Avestwards, li;id 
 requisitioned transport to assemble at Sarum 
 upon pain of death. Waller himself was muster- 
 ing his forces at Petersfield, intending to go 
 westwards on February 17th or 18th ; Goring 
 pretended tJiat his friends in Sussex and Kent 
 were not yet ready to help him, and succeeded 
 in oljtaining orders from Oxford to march into 
 tlu; western counties, in which Lord Ilopton 
 commanded as Field-Marshal and General of 
 the Ordnance. Goring Avas General of the 
 Horse, and in order to prevent disputes, Hopton 
 Avas, by special order, recalled to liristol. 
 Goring reached Weymouth Avith his full strength 
 of horse, foot, dragoons and artillery, number- 
 ing more than 3l)()() horse and 1 'j()i)foot,in addi- 
 tion to local contingents, but most shamefully. 
 *' by most supine negligence at best." allowed 
 the toAvn, Avhich Avas about to surrender, to be 
 recovered for the Parliament. OnFel)ruary 20th 
 Captain Patten, from Portsmouth, Avas lying 
 there witli eitlier tAvo or three ships from Ports- 
 mouth, Avhiili liad proved a Avelcome succour to 
 the beleaguered garrison. All the Avestern 
 counties were now practically lost to the King, 
 " Avhilst the Lord Goring's forces equally 
 infested the borders of Dorset, Somerset, and 
 Devon, by unheard of rapine, Avitiiout applying 
 themselves to any enterprise upon the enemy.'' 
 
 It appears somewhat doubtful Avhctlier 
 Tobias Baisky (see p. 117) was executed in 
 February, 1(U4, or 1(54.";. The following addi- 
 tional particulars are given concerning him. 
 He had formerly been a pewterer by trade, then 
 a porter to Nottingham carriers, at the " Ram " 
 
 Inn, Smitlifield, by which means he gained 
 information about the traffic on A-arious high- 
 roads, and lastly a corporal in Prince Rupert's 
 own regiment. He Avas said to be skilful in 
 poisoning, as Avell as in casting bullets. Whilst at 
 Basing Housj he received a share of all the 
 property captured through his information. He 
 Avent to London as a spy, and " to buy military 
 commodities, and by tlicse gradations he is 
 likely to go three steps higher. He was taken 
 by man-catchers, as he called them." The 
 Council of War Avhich condemned him sat at 
 Essex House. He died railing, full of impreca- 
 tions, and refusing to join in prayer I On 
 February IHth the Lieutenant of the Ordnance 
 Avas ordered to send to the Isle of Wight 40 iiarrels 
 of poAvder, a ton of match. :->()0 cuh-erin shot, lOUO 
 demi culverin sliot, "J'tOdsaker shot, and a ton of 
 lead. The Portsmouth garrison Avas to receive 
 •JDIJ suaphaunce muskets (p. 70), and " arms and 
 furniture" for fifty horsemen. Ofiicial demands 
 Avere noAv made Avhy Waller did not march. He 
 replied from Petersfield on February 17th and 
 I'Jth, and also from Portsmouth on February 
 22nd, reporting the condition of his OAvn forces 
 and of the enemy. On February 21st Parlia- 
 ment voted him 2000/., but on the foUoAving 
 daj- none of liis men had advanced beyond 
 Winchester, to Avhicli city it Avas reported that 
 Goring paid a visit Avith a .strong brigade on 
 February 2.')th. Mr. Lisle Avas directed on 
 February 2 1th to bring in an Ordinance " for 
 the cutting down of Avoods belonging to 
 delintjUfnts for tlie service of Christchurch, in 
 Hampsliire," but no oak, ash, or elm tinibi r Avas 
 to be felled. Cromwell's Independents declined 
 to march with Walk'r, remaining about Godle- 
 man (Godalming), but on February 27tli both 
 Cromwell and his men Avcro ordered by the 
 House of Commons to join Waller, Avho had 
 given an alarm to the Winchester Cavaliers, 
 taking .sonic horsemen prisoners. On Februarj' 
 27th Waller Avritesfrom Wickham. saung tiiat 
 he is watcliing Goring's movements. On March 
 1st he Avrites from OAVslobury. near TAvyford, 
 tAvo days later from Farnham, and on March 
 4th he was, together with Cronnvell, ordered to 
 marcli at once into the Avcst against the enemy, 
 " all excuses set aside, Avith all available horse 
 and dragoons." These tAvo generals Avere said 
 to have had four or five thousand liorse and 
 dragoons, and 2<>ili)foot at orni'ar Southampton 
 on Marcli 2nd, ltj4.'». The "alarm" above refirreil
 
 20G 
 
 Al.AUM AT WlN< ilKSTKll. 
 
 to was as follows. About March 2nd a party 
 of Cavaliers had "a prcat drinking day at 
 Wincliester. and heing elevated in their minds" 
 redo out L'OO strong to engage a troop of O'J 
 horse bolon;j;ing to Wilier at IMarwell Hall, tho 
 Beat of Sir TIenry Mildmay, wlio bore tlic nick- 
 name of Sir Whirasey Mildmay, and was in 1 049 
 one of the regicides. The Cavaliers marched so 
 furiously, "divers being in their cups," that 
 several of tho party were left behind on the 
 road. On reaching Marwell, there was a flourish 
 of trumpets, and a trooper riding fortli from the 
 house was slain by one of the King's soldiers. 
 Challenges and defiances were freely exclianged, 
 and several single combats took place, in one of 
 which Sir Thomas Phillips v.-as shot through 
 the head by one of Waller's troopers. The 
 Cavaliers at length fled in confusion towards 
 Winchester, losing a Lieutenant-Colonel and 
 Bome men killed, and Colonel Gardiner captured, 
 toge.cher with several others, as well as some 
 horses and arms. 
 
 The weatlier was very wet, when on JMarch 
 5th Waller was mustering about 30,000 horse 
 and dragoons near Winchester, whilst Colonels 
 Cromwell and Fiennes were not far off with 
 their respective regiments. Waller was at 
 Andover on March I'th, and his troops were said 
 to be " a well disciplined and orderly army, that 
 they behave themselves with all civility to the 
 people, and gain much love." On the other 
 hand, it was said that not long before, when 
 Bome of Goring's men Avere drinking at the 
 Catherine W^heel in Salisbury, one of them 
 proposed the health of the devil. A comrade 
 denied tho existence of Satan, unless convinced 
 by ocidir demonstration, Avhereupon he was at 
 once '• mysteriously fetclit away !" 
 
 On March Pth Waller wrote from Andover 
 that he had captured Lord Percy (Mr. Henry 
 Percy) and iU) companions near that town. The 
 prisoners stated that their destination was 
 France. Thej' had an old pass, which ■\va^3, 
 however, sanctioned by Parliament, and the 
 captives were released. Christopher Love, M.A., 
 was about this time appointed as '• Preacher to 
 the Garrison at Windsor Castle." He belonged 
 to an old Ilampsliirc family. Some of his rela- 
 tions dwelt at Basing, and he had made himself 
 hated by the Royalists by having said, when 
 pi'eaching before the Commissioners at theTreaty 
 of Uxbridge six weeks previously, " that there 
 was as great distance between this treatv and 
 
 peace, as between heaven and hell." On March 
 ] .3th Waller reported to Parliament the defeat 
 near the Lavingtona of Colonel Long, High 
 Sheriff of AVilts, by, says Clarendon, '• bis great 
 defect of courage and conduct." Colonel Long 
 was captured, together with ','A)<} men and !j40 
 horses. Sir A. Haslerig was directed to write 
 to Waller requesting him to excliange Colonel 
 Long for Colonel Stephens, a prisoner to the 
 King's forces. About 400:J men were ready to 
 rise and join Waller and Cromwell in Dorset- 
 shire, threatening to plunder those who did not 
 join with them '' to extirpate the Cavaliers." 
 The Puritan Governor of Wareham was already 
 aiding them with a cavalry force. Two of 
 the King's ships bound from Dartmouth to 
 France driven into the Solent by stress of 
 Aveathcr were seized by Captain Baxter, 
 Governor of Hurst Castle. The larger vessel, 
 named the Spirit of Dartmoutlu mounted six 
 guns, and had on board 1 7 men, some letters, 
 provisions, and a pack of hounds. In the other 
 ship were 300 barrels of herrings, elevxjn pieces 
 of cloth, four guns, and ■_'3 men. This capture 
 was known in London on March l.oth. 
 
 Seven daj's afterwards the Earl of !JLin 
 Chester's treasury was to advance 14 days' pay 
 to Colonel Wogan's regiment -'for good sci-vice. 
 being ciuartered about Farnham." It was now 
 ordered that every pressed man should receive 
 from the Committee of his county a coat, 
 breeches, shirt, stockings, sho s. and suapsack. 
 '■ The cost of these articles was not to exceed 
 24s. for each, besides the conduct money." 
 
 Captain Symonds writes tlius : •• L'pon the 
 King's coronation day, l27th March, 1G45, Sir 
 Robert Pcake, sometime picture-seller at Hol- 
 born Bridge, and Lief t. -Colonel to the Marquis 
 of Winchester, was then knighted in Christ 
 Church, Oxon." An honour well deserved. 
 
 A letter written at Salisbury on March 28th 
 complained that '• the Winchester Horse do 
 much mischief not onh' in Somborne and 
 Thorngate Hundreds, in Hants," but even as 
 far as Alderburj-, near Salisbury; carrying off 
 as prisoners to Winchester '• divers honest, 
 godly men." During the last week they came 
 to Winterslow, near Salisbury, where they met 
 a mounted carrier, "a godly, honest country 
 man," who had also "a baggage horse, and two 
 men rid with him." They marched up to the 
 amazed travellers and captured the carrier's 
 horses and his two companions, but he himself.
 
 Colon EI, Jones. 
 
 •207 
 
 '• for lie hath formerly tiistcd of their cruelty," 
 escaped into Buckholt Forest. 
 
 On March 2'.lth. tlic '' Granada shells remain- 
 ing at present in tlic custodj' of Mr. Browne, 
 gun founder," -were ordered to be delivered to 
 Sir "Walter Erie, Lieutenant of tlie Oidnanee. 
 Tlie gentlemen of Surrc}' and Hunts received 
 permifsion from Parliament to select and appoint 
 a Governor of Farnham Castle. Colon 1 Jones, 
 
 then in command complained that liia pij and 
 that of his garrison was in arrear, and thought 
 himself unfairly treated. He asked that General 
 Fairfax might appoint his successor, and that 
 he might not be superseded b}' his own lieutenant- 
 colonel. 
 
 Some of tlie dates given in this chapter aro 
 onl}- approximations, but tlioy arc all correct 
 within a day or two.
 
 (JiiAi'TKK XX\IF. — ("kiimwkm. in Hants — Dl(iikss ok CiiKVKRKrx — MiLiTAifV Ciia.\<;k.s — 
 Cavalry Skik.misii — Gokini; llRtALi.i;i> — Rkli(;i()Is Stkifk — C<h,om:l Rawuon lkavks 
 Basing — Faikiax on thi; ^Fakc ii — Stkisn Di.sriiM.iNi-; — Basinc; a(;ain Bksikokij — 
 
 li \N(.idi!i> Hoi si; — DisriiKssKi) Tainidn — ^Massk'i \r JIom.skv — Ci.iij.mkn. 
 
 Though Sir William Waller was in chief 
 command. Lieutenant-General Cromwell was 
 the principal actor in the expedition into the 
 west against Goring. He it was who captured 
 Lord Percy and his friends at Andover, and 
 now that he and Waller had about lO.OilO men 
 under their command, " Britannicus'' hoped 
 that they Avould '• in time expel or bring up the 
 Cornish ferret Grenvill with a lialter about his 
 neck." On March 18th Sir William Balfour 
 was between Romsey and Winchester, and on 
 April 1st Cromwell had reached Ringwood. 
 where he was joined by Colonel Norton and 
 Colonel Unton Crooke. with their regiments of 
 horse. Further reinforcements had raised the 
 number of his men to 4000 foot and 51 iO horse. 
 Goring's army was not far distant, and Waller 
 was marching to effect a junction with Crom- 
 well, whose advance guard was said to be posted 
 twelve miles beyond Dorchester. On this day 
 also the estate of Sir Richard Norton, of Rother- 
 field, Avas released from sequestration, as he had 
 for his loyalty paid a fine of 250/., and found 
 security for 500/. more. Captain Blagrave was, 
 on April 3rd, 1G45, retained in garrison at 
 Reading at the special request of the local 
 Committee. Captain Daniel Blagrave was M.P. 
 for Reading, Treasurer of Berkshire, and a 
 vexations persecutor of the clergy. He was 
 one of the regicides, and at the Restoration fled 
 to Aachen, in Germany, where he died in 1()G8, 
 in an obscure condition. 
 
 On April 4th a man was arrested in Cheapside 
 and remanded for further examination, on a 
 charge of conveying strong waters to Farnham. 
 and information to Basing House. A ship had 
 been taken near the Isle of Wight by " Captain 
 Hodges, that haughty and courageous man, in 
 which was some of the worser sort of female 
 
 stuff not wortli the owning, many French ladies 
 of eminent quality, said to be bound for Ireland.'' 
 These were the Duchess of Chevereux and her 
 attendants. It was from the hands of 
 the Due de Chevereux that Charles I. received 
 his bride, Henrietta Maria, at Canterbury, 
 on June 'Jijrd, ltj45. The Rev. Hugh Peters, 
 being then in the Isle of Wight, spent 
 divers hours with the Duchess, and persuaded 
 lier to make a statement. She stated that, 
 belonging, as she did, to the Spanish faction, 
 she liad quarrelled with the Queen and IMazarin, 
 both of whom she hated, and was imprisoned 
 at Tours. Escaping, she tried to reach Dun- 
 kirk, but finally left France in a small ves.sel 
 bound for Dartmouth. She had with her her 
 daughter, who had been falsely reported to be 
 Queen Henrietta Maria in disguise, and two 
 servants, but only 8() pistoles in money. She 
 had asked the ."Spanish Ambassador for a fur- 
 ther supply. All things considered. ^Ir. Peters 
 thought that the lady would be far better at 
 Dunkirk than in the Isle of Wight, and arrange- 
 ments were soon afterwards made to send the 
 whole party to London. The Dnchess was, 
 however, still in the island on May •24th ; sick, 
 in want of money, " her 80 pistoles almost 
 spent, as well as other monies received by her 
 in England." and she wanted a pass for either 
 Denmark or Spain. Colonel Jones, Governor 
 of Farnham Castle, was on bad terms with the 
 Committee for Surrey, who wished him to be 
 superseded by Colonel Jeremy Baines. If this 
 were done, the Committee would undertake to 
 garrison the Castle with 200 or 300 men. to 
 maintain lilOO men for the defence of the 
 county, and also to have a troop of horse in 
 readiness either to guard the borders of the 
 countv, or to garrison the Castle, as need mitrht
 
 MiiJTAKY Changes. 
 
 •_'i )'J 
 
 require. The House of Commons appointed a 
 committee to induce Colonel Jones to resign 
 honourably, and on April oth the Committee of 
 Both Kingdoms appointed Mr. John Fielder as 
 his successor, and Lieut. -Colonel Whitehead, 
 wlio had acted as lieutenant-colonel to Colonel 
 Jones, was made Governor of Windsor Castle. 
 Mr. Baynton and Sir Robert Harley were 
 directed "to prepare a declaration in approba- 
 tion of Colonel Jones his carriage, late Gover- 
 nor of Farnhani Castle." 
 
 Some guns and infantry for Waller's army 
 had reached Portsmouth by sea on April 4th. 
 The House of Lords on the following day 
 passed the ordinance for felling KlOO/. worth of 
 timber on sequestered estates in Hants. Xo 
 oak, elm, or ash timber was to be felled except 
 thirty tons of oak required for the defences of 
 Christchurch. on the fortifications and garrison 
 of which town the proceeds of this timber were 
 to be expended. 
 
 Tlie SL-lf-Denying Ordinance was passed on 
 April iird, HU.'). by which Manchester, Essex, 
 and Wall'r lost their commands, wliilst Crom- 
 Avell was still permitted to serve the Parliament. 
 Essex and Waller were, liowever, in no hurry to 
 send in thvir resignations, and some of Essex's 
 foot at Farnham mutinied, and, demanding 
 their arrears of pay, marched to Reading, in 
 opposition to orders. Skippon, Major-General 
 of the Xew Model Army, by his presence and 
 rougli but effective eloquence, induced these five 
 regiments to sulnnit once more to discipline on 
 April (ith. Two days afterwards Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Thorpe, in recounting liis warlike 
 exploits, stated that lie had been wounded 
 by a bullet in the stomach, and shot 
 th rougli the arm Avliilst leading on a regi- 
 ment at Basing. He commanded the dra- 
 goons originally rai.sed for Sir Richard Gran- 
 vill at Clieiitoii Fight, where lie captured Col. 
 Beard's waggon laden with horse and foot arms, 
 and his other carriages laden with jtowdor and 
 bullets. At Winchester, on the last march west- 
 ward, he had the guard when a sortie took place 
 from the Castle. He killed a lieutenant-colonel 
 and six troopers, and captured another lieuten- 
 ant-colonel and eight troopers, with tiie loss of 
 one man killed and two wounded. AValler wrote 
 on April Htli asking for money and su|)plies, 
 which were granted, but he Avas informed that 
 " the foot of Sussex come in so slowly that they 
 are not cfinsiilcrabh; to be .sent." He enclosed 
 
 a letter from the Committee at Chalfield House 
 near Bradford, stating that the Princes Maurice 
 and Rupert had reached Marshfield. Prince 
 Maurice seems not to have been present in 
 person, but to have sent some troops to reinforce 
 his brother Rupert. Cromwell also writes from 
 Salisbury on April 9th. 1<U6 (ten o'clock at 
 night), that Goring liad retired to Wells and 
 Glastonbury, " whereupon Sir AVilliam Waller, 
 having a very poor infantry of about 16 "• men 
 — lest they, being so inconsiderable, should 
 engage (entangle or encumber) our horse — we 
 came from Shaftesbury to .Salisbury to secure 
 our foot, to prevent our bjing necessitated to a 
 too unequal engagement, and to be nearer a 
 communication with our friends. .Since our 
 coming hither we hear Prince Rupert is come to 
 Mar-shfield, a market town not far from Trow- 
 bridge Sir, I beseech you send 
 
 what horse and foot you can spare towards 
 Salisbury, by way of Kingsclere, with what con- 
 venient expedition may be. Truly, we look to 
 be attempted upon every day."' Princ.^ Rupert 
 withdrew witliout fighting, and, on April Kjth, 
 letters reached London from Waller and Crom- 
 well, at Salisbury, and from Colonel Norton, at 
 Southampton, stating that they were anxious to 
 divide their forces, so as to engage the enemy 
 on all sides at once, but that their men's pay 
 was sadly in arrears. Colonel FitzJames and 
 Quartermaster-General Fincher presented a 
 modestly-worded petition to Parliament from 
 the officers of Waller's army, and obtained 14 
 daj's' pay and a promise of arrears for all ranks. 
 Waller and Norton added that " the garrisons 
 of Winchester and Basing range and rage about 
 the country." 
 
 From a very interesting letter written at 
 Southampton, on April l.")th, l(t45, l>y John 
 Eyres, " to his loving uncle in London, " and 
 from other sources wo learn that Col. Norton 
 having left Waller's army, and returned to 
 Hampsliirc, marched to Ronisey with six troops 
 of Jiorse on April 14th, intending to fortify the 
 town '• to stop the insolencies of the garrison 
 of Winchester." Early in the morning Major 
 Stewart was sent out wit three troops of horse 
 to face Winchester, occupy the enemy's atten- 
 tion, and to bring them to action on equal terms 
 at some distance from Romsey, where the other 
 three troops of Norton's horse were hard at 
 work. ^Meanwhile, Major Stewart having 
 *• otherwise dared them,'' the Governor, Sir
 
 210 
 
 C.WAi.itv Skikmi.sh. 
 
 Willi;im Oglo, roilc fortli from tlio Castlo, with 
 all his lioisc, Avho were much more numerous 
 than their opponents. Major Stewart " retired 
 soberly" to a stron;4 position, having but few 
 men, Imt kept iiis fo- s at bay by a bold eiiarge, 
 retreating upon Romsey, Avitli a view to rein- 
 forcements, and also to draw the Cavaliers from 
 "Winchester, so that their retreat might be cutoff. 
 
 Norton's men did not airivc from Romsey as 
 was expected, and IMajor Stewart cliargcd thrice, 
 disordering the enemy, mitii he was wounded, 
 but not dangerously, in the thigh. Four or five 
 of his men were taken prisoners, and seven or 
 eight Cavaliers were killed. During the after- 
 noon Norton's horse came up from Romsey, and 
 the advance guard of ten or twelve men 
 " between Hurstley and Winchester discovered 
 the enemies' bod}', who sent out a forlorn hope 
 to charge them, but were at first salute sent back 
 faster than they came ; after this they drew out 
 40, and sent them against this small party of 
 ours, led by mj- cousin Leon Green, a 
 Reformado, who routed them, so that they 
 fled, and disordered their main body." All 
 Norton's men now followed in hot pursuit. Lieut. 
 Coward, of whom Woodward says " few names 
 recur more in the annals of Winchester than 
 those of Coward and Simonds "' was killed, with 
 six or seven others, during the chase. Captain 
 Heath, Lieut. Barnes, four or five other officers, 
 and 30 soldiers with their horses (40 horses and 
 27 men), were captured before W^inchester walls 
 gave shelter to the fugitives. The Cavaliers 
 were said to number 250, and their opponents 
 only 130. The prisoners were brouglit on the 
 evening of Tuesday, April 15th, 1G45, '* to the 
 gaol at Southampton to sing another tune. 
 Hero's a gentleman (Norton) that will protect 
 the country as well as the town in which he 
 quarters, or of which he is Governor. Store of 
 these would do well !' 
 
 On April 17th the 500/. per month first levied 
 in August, 1G44, on excise duties in Hants, was 
 ordered to be continued for the pay of Ports- 
 mouth garrison as long as need requires. Colonel 
 Norton was appointed Governor of Portsmouth, 
 on May 10th,' 1G45, on which day Algernon 
 Sidney became Governor of Chichester, and 
 Colonel Morlcy of the town and castle of 
 Arundel. Sir William Waller had been beating 
 up Goring's quarters in Somersetshire, but 
 towards the end of April he fell back to 
 Andover. He had reached Windsor before 
 
 April 25th, and resigning his connnand, a.s ho 
 was obliged to do by the self-denying ordinance, 
 passed on April ihd, wont to London. On April 
 lllth Cromwell was besieging Langford Hou.sc, 
 near Salisbury, and the garrison burned their 
 barns, stables, and outhouses, in order to 
 strengthen their position. On April 23rd all 
 deserters from the armies of the Parliament 
 were ordered to be executed without mercy. 
 At the end of April Goring was rec illeil with 
 his horse and dragoons towards Oxford by the 
 King, who was anxious to join Prince Rupert 
 near Worcester, but was hind: red from so doing 
 by Cromwell, who was at the head of a strong 
 cavalry force, and had already thrice defeated 
 the Royalists. On April 24th "• merely by 
 dragoons and fierce countenances he took 
 Bletchington " from Colonel Windebank. who 
 was, for thus surrendering, shot on ^lay 3rd, at 
 Merton College, Oxford. Islip-bridge on Apnl 
 24th, Witney on the 2rith, and Rampton Bush 
 on the 27th, were scenes of Cromwell's victories, 
 causing the King to exclaim " AVho will bring 
 me this Cromwell dead or alive ?" 
 
 Goring was unwilling to march to Oxford, 
 but, says Clarendon, '• However unwelcome 
 soever the.se orders were to the Lord Goring, 
 yet there was no remedy but he must obey 
 them ; and it was now hoped that the west ' 
 should be hereafter freed from him, where he 
 was at that time very ungracious (unpopular)." 
 He therefore commenced his march, plundering 
 as ho went, and making Beverston Castle, in 
 Gloucestershire, a centre of devastation. Mr. 
 Secretarj' Nicholas, writing from Oxford on 
 April 3(ith, said, ''Cromwell is now lying at 
 Stamford and other places next to Farringdon. 
 with six regiments of horse and four troops of 
 dragoons, expecting the coming of Colonel 
 Royden's (Rawdon's) regiment thither." 
 
 Religioirs dissensions had, alas I arisen at 
 Basing House, with the usual sad results I 
 Comrades, who had fought shoulder to shoulder 
 against AValler and Norton, could not dwell 
 together when all for the time seemed peaceful. 
 " Mercurius A'eridicus" says, on May IGth, 
 •'That Colonel Royden (Sir Marmadukc 
 Rawdon) is cast out from being Governor of 
 Basing House to some is already known, though 
 the place of his new government, and the manner 
 of his being put out of the old, will bo true 
 news to all that will be pleased to read it." 
 
 " Since the removing of the last siege against
 
 Colon Ki, Rawdon i.eavks Basing. 
 
 :il 
 
 Basing (the garrison being mix't Protestants and 
 Papists), the Papists Ijecarae jcahjus of the 
 Protestants, es^pecially of Colonel RoyJcn, 
 which by commission had the command of the 
 house. 
 
 '' This joalousie broke forth into a complaint 
 against the Junto of Oxford that the Catholics 
 of the Garri.soii were afraid to trust themselves 
 any longer there amongst the Protustants, and 
 for their better security presented a petition 
 thus : — 
 
 ' To the Right Honourable the Lords of His 
 Majcstie's Most Honourable Privy Council : 
 
 The Humble Petition of His Majesty's 
 Catholic Subjects of the Garrison of Basing 
 Hous3, 
 
 Shewcth that your petitioners, both during 
 the time of the siege, wiaich for some montlis 
 was continued against this place, and since the 
 raising thereof, hath (^ir) had just causj to 
 suspect divers jiorsons of tliis Garrison, for by 
 reason of their different opinions from us, we 
 do genei'ally hold it more safet'iat thisGarrison, 
 which hath been very serviceable to His 
 Majestie, may consist of persons (both officers 
 and soldi'jrs) of one religion. 
 
 Therefore, to prtsvent such inconveniences as 
 may arise, tlio Petitioners humbly pray that the 
 premises may be taken intoconsideration, to the 
 end it may be declared whether it be not requi- 
 site that your Petitioners, who are most deeply 
 eng igJHl in this pr'^sent war, may not be thought 
 the fittest defendants and maintainors of a place 
 of that strengtli and concernment. 
 
 And your Petitioners sliall pray, &c., 
 
 WlNCIIF.STKU.'" 
 
 Upon which petition it was thoutrht fit and so 
 ordered, "That tlie garrison of Basing House 
 should consist only of Roman Catholics, and tliat 
 the Commander-in-Chief sliould be of tliat 
 religion." Tiiis being declared a Popish garri- 
 son, Colonel Royden was ordered to depart 
 thence with his troop of horse, simo which ho is 
 made Governor of Farringdon." Tlie Governor 
 thus dismissed must have been a n solute s )ldicr, 
 for we learn from Lady Willoughby, " Sir !Mar- 
 maduke Rawdon declared to tlie Manpiis. who 
 proposed to surrender, tliat he would not so long 
 as a dog or cat or rat did remain." He success- 
 fully defendod Farringdon, where his monument 
 was formerly to be seen in the church. 
 
 The places of Colonel Rawdon and his veteran 
 Boldiers were but ill supplied. On May loth. 
 
 1G4.0, the '■ Moderate Intelligencer" is informed 
 '• that thoy have forced into Basing House, 
 instead of those that are gone abroad witli Col. 
 Royden, almost as many out of the counties, and 
 of them the most H years old, .some not 12." 
 
 Truly these were " boys," but, in the hour 
 of danger they proved themselves, like Napo- 
 leon's levies at Waterloo, "small, but biting." 
 The most reliable estimates give iiOO fighting 
 men as the strength of the garrison during the 
 final siege. 
 
 Colonel Rawdon was ordered to proceed from 
 Basing to join Goring, and to march with him 
 to Oxford in company witli Colonel Bennet and 
 Major Smith, as Cromv.-ell was waiting near 
 Farringdon to intercept the party from Basing. 
 On ]May Uay, lL)45, some oOO horse and foot 
 Cavaliers marched out of Loyalty House. As 
 they were crossing the Kcnnet, betweeu 
 Thatcham and Newbury, they were attacked by 
 Colonel Butler's Puritan regiment of horse, but 
 succeeded in reaching Donnington Castle, where 
 they were prudently refused admission by brave 
 Sir John Boj's, who was apprchensi\e of a siege. 
 Fortunately for Sir 3Larmaduke Rawdon and his 
 men, Fairfax's large army and about .'5"_' guns did 
 not reach Newbury until tlie following evening, 
 so that they were able to pursue their march 
 next morninir, but were chased tliroughout the 
 day by Colonel Butler, until, about five o'clock in 
 the afternoon, they joined Goring's army near 
 Lambourn. Col. Butler captur.'d some prisoners, 
 amongst whom was a Commissioner of Excise, 
 who had about 'Ibl. in his possession. Goring 
 was on May Uay at or near ^Larlborough '• at 
 dinner with his officers, roaring and drinking 
 healths, and making themselves merry." and he 
 mustered his army at Marlborough on MayJnd. 
 Some of his men had penetrated as far as Farn- 
 ham, but were obliged to beat a hasty retreat 
 towards Oxford, abandoning three guns and 
 some ammunition. 
 
 Goring, having been thus reinforced by the 
 party from Basing, marched about eleven p.m. 
 on Sunday to attack Cromwell at Farringdon, 
 " but by the vigilancy and care of the Scout 
 Master, thoy liad such timely notice that they 
 escaped him, Colonel Cromwell at tliat time 
 being with Sir Tlioraas Fairfax, and sent for by 
 him, but hasted to his tjuarters, and brought off 
 his men williout any loss, very little action, 
 neither having at that time much mind to 
 engage." (" Moderate Intelligcujcr.") Informa-
 
 212 
 
 Faikiax on thi; MABCif. 
 
 tion of this intoiulod attack was ol)tained from 
 Lieut. -Col. Ilackot, taken at Xowbury. Crom- 
 woll was early in May near Blewbury, effecting 
 a junction with tiie infantry, intending either to 
 await the enemy or to advance. Prince Rupert 
 was marcliiny to join the King and Goring. 
 
 General Sir Thomas Lord Fairfa.x had been 
 durin;^ the closing days of April, M'Ai'), preparing 
 at AVindsor to take tlie field with the famous 
 New Model Army, wliich was to consist of 
 •J I.OIH) effective men. ("(OOU horse, besides officers, 
 made up ten regiments, lllOO dragoons besides 
 officers, commanded by Col. Okcy, wlio " were 
 always counted the best men of the army." 
 1 -1,1)1 )U foot were drawn up in regiments of 10(10 
 each, besides officers, so says Colonel Edward 
 Wogan, who held command in this army, but 
 another account says that the infantry regi- 
 ments were 1200 strong. 44,'.).');")/. per month, 
 levied by assessment upon the whole kingdom, 
 was the cost of maintaining this large army. 
 Of this amount Surrey and Southwark con- 
 tributed 2O00/., and Sussex 3,927/. los. 6^d. 
 The cavalry regiments were in all twelve in 
 number, Col. Rossiter's horse and Col. Okey's 
 dragoons being a<..ditions to the nominal 
 strength. They were commanded by General 
 Fairfax, the Commissary-General, Colonels 
 Greaves, Sir Robert Pye, Whalley, Rich, Rossi- 
 ter, Bourchier, Sheffield, Fleetwood, Hollis, and 
 Okey. Col. Hollis's regiment was given to Lieut. - 
 General Cromwell after Naseby Fight. The 
 infantry regiments were commanded by General 
 Fairfax, Major-General Skippon, Colonels Sir 
 Havdress Waller, Pickering, Herbert, Ingoldsby, 
 Fortescue, Montague, Welden, Hammond, Lam- 
 bert, and Rainsborough. There was in addition 
 a body of 400 pioneers. 
 
 The Rev. Joshua Sprigge, one of Fairfax's 
 chaplains, seems to have been the author of 
 " Anglia Rediviva," which has, however, by 
 some been attributed to Colonel Nathaniel 
 Fiennes. From this work, which gives copious 
 details of the proceedings of Fairfax, we learn 
 that in April, 1645, the King had in Wiltshire 
 garrisons at Devizes, Lacock House, Langford 
 House, and Highworth. The Parliament had 
 only one garrison, at Malmesbury. In Dorset 
 the King held Portland Castle and Island, Corfe 
 and Sherborne Castles, whilst Poole, Lyme, and 
 Weymouth had Parliament garrisons. In 
 Hants the strong Royal garrisons of Basing and 
 AVinchester were opposed by troops at Ports- 
 
 mouth, Southampton, and Christchurch. In 
 Berkshire the (Javaliers possessed Farringdon, 
 Wallingford. Donnington, and Radcot, the 
 Roundheads guarding Abingdon, Reading, and 
 Windsor meanwhile. Oxford, Banbury, Wood- 
 stock, fraunt House, Godatowe, and iioarstall 
 House were confronted by the garrisons of 
 Henley-on-Thames and Aylesbury. Bletching- 
 toM Hou.se, another royal garrison, within four 
 miles of Oxford, was captured by Cromwell on 
 April 24th. 
 
 The King had between Oxford and St. 
 Mich.'iel's Mount about 14,000 men under arms, 
 and the clubmen (of whom more hereafter), 
 favoured his cause. The Parliament liad in the 
 same district, under Waller's command. Wallers 
 own regiment, the Plymouth regiment, and 
 those of Cols. Popham, Fitzjames, and Cooke. 
 There were also the weak cavalry regiments of 
 Cols. Behr and Dalbier. which had formerly 
 served under the Earl of Essex, but were now 
 commanded by Lieut. -Col. Bnller, and detailed 
 for the army of Major-General Massey. These 
 two regiments were brigaded just before Xaseby 
 Fight. But General Fairfax's New Model 
 speedily turned the scale in favour of the 
 Parliament. 
 
 Marching from Windsor to Reading on April 
 30th, 1()45, Fairfax reached Theale on May Ist^ 
 Newbury on the 2nd, and Andovcr on the 3ra. 
 He wrote from Newbury complaining that his 
 march was impeded by the tardy arrival of pro- 
 visions, and asking for the regiments of Colonels 
 Cooke and Thompson, which had previously 
 returned to Surrey. The Committee of Both 
 Kingdoms were instructed •' to dispose these 
 regiments." Near Newbury he sent out good 
 scouts and parties of horse, and without loss 
 captured in a cavalry skirmish Lieut. -Colonel 
 Hackct and six other prisoners, who gave 
 seasonable information that Goring, to whose 
 army they belonged, intended early next morn- 
 ing to beat up Lieut. -General Cromwell's 
 quarters at Farringdon. Cromwell was speedily 
 warned, and the night attack was repulsed. 
 Fairfax marched from Newbury between noon 
 and one o'clock on May 3rd. On the next day 
 he had with him seven infantry regiments, 
 numbering from 10,000 to 12,000 men. his 
 cavalry having not yet joined him. At Andover 
 the soldiers were quartered in the town and in 
 the adjacent villages, and on the following day 
 (May 4th) a muster of the whole force, which
 
 Stern Disciim.ink. 
 
 213 
 
 halted for two or three hours, took place a mile 
 out of Andover on the Salisbury road. A 
 Council of War was held, and five men were 
 sentenced to death. One was a renegade or 
 deserter, " and four more, authors of the mutiny 
 in Kent, were cast, one of whom (whose lot 
 it was) with the renegado was executed upon a 
 tree at Wallop in the way of the army's march 
 in terrorem. The deserter was "a parson's 
 son," and was a native of Wallop. " I5oth of 
 them died as they had lived, like sots. But 
 how the Great Judge passed llis sentence I 
 have not to say." Summary punishment liaving 
 been thus inflicted, the army marched forward 
 to Salisbury. On the following day " was pro- 
 clamation made throughout the army that it 
 should be death for any man to plunder, at 
 which our old Horse Dragoons, somewhat 
 guilty, made answer " If the Parliament would 
 pay truly let them hang duly." All ranks had 
 received four months" pay, and nothing was per- 
 mitted to be taken without payment. '• 2ro, not 
 so much as grass for our horses." Not an ox, 
 sheep, lamb, or even an egg was stolen, "save in 
 our hard march liot days, vacancy of towns or 
 houses over the Plain made them inordinately 
 desire drink, or covet for water in the villages 
 we past." The soldiers mostly slept in barns 
 or under hedges for eight days. On May 
 Cth the bivouac was at Sixpenny Handley, on the 
 7th at Blandf ord,and on the sth at Witchampton, 
 from whence a party under Colonel Welcher 
 was sent to relieve Taunton, which was hard 
 pressed by besieging Cavaliers. The army had 
 now advanced 79 miles, " marching the whole 
 seven days, and some of thorn very long 
 marches, without any intermission, so willing 
 were the soldiers to come to the relief of dis- 
 tressed Taunton, to Salisbury were they como 
 before the enemy was awnre, as was discovered 
 by letters of Sir Ralph Hopton to the Covcr- 
 nors of Winchester and Basing, wluncin he 
 desired them to send him word when ho 
 thouglit Fairfax would be able to take the 
 field. ' General Fairfax had intended to relieve 
 Taunton with his whole force, but two expresses 
 from Westminster overtook him at Blandford 
 with orders to retrace his steps towards Oxford. 
 The King having marched nortliwanls to join 
 Rupert, the friends of the Parliament in Oxford 
 promised to overpower the small garrison left 
 in the city, if Fairfax appeared before the for- 
 tifications. Four regiments were at once sent 
 
 towards Taunton under the command of Colonel 
 Welden. How successfully this officer per- 
 formed his task is admirably told in Mr. Hep worth 
 Dixon's 'Life of Admiral Blake." Fairfax being 
 now weak in cavalry, avoided highways and 
 marched through an enclosed country, asGoring'a 
 hor.se were now returning westward from 
 Oxford to commit the same excesses as before. 
 He reached Ringwood on March 9th, and a 
 trooper was sentenced to death for burglary 
 and murder. He was executed at Romsey oa 
 the following day. A fourteen mile march 
 then brought the army past Wincliester to 
 Alresford, and we read, '• I need not acquaint 
 you with our liard march, hot weather and hard 
 quarter, but in all our marcli we have not yet 
 seen an enemy. We faced Winchester Castle 
 as we came by, but no enemy appeared, nor any 
 gun shot off against us." On May 1 4th the 
 relief of Taunton was known in London, and 
 Fairfax, who halted for one night at Wliitcburch, 
 had reached Xewbury. At tliis place a foot 
 soldier was sentenced " to have his tongue bored 
 through with a red hot iron, for notorious 
 swearing and blaspheming, all whicli was done 
 as well for example and terror to others as for 
 justice sake." But Fairfax, though severe, was 
 a prudent general. Some regiment complained 
 that constant rear-guard duty was exceedingly 
 irksome. The General's own regiment refused 
 to waive its privilege of being always in advance, 
 but. " instead of severe discipline, the General 
 aliglitcd himself and marched on foot in the 
 head of his own regiment about two miles, and 
 so brouglit up the rear, and to this day his own 
 regiment takes tlie turn upon all duties." 
 
 On IMarch IGth, li)-f.'). Prince ^Maurice wrote 
 to Sir John Owen : " You are likewise to give 
 strict order that every officer under the degree 
 of a major march afoot witli his company ; 
 and tliat no officer or soldier presume to straggle 
 or bo found pistol-shot from liis colours, upon 
 pain of death. Hereof you may not fail." 
 
 On Saturda}', ^lay 17th. Fairfax marched to 
 Blewbury, and from thence proceeded to the 
 siege of Oxford and Xaseby Fight. 
 
 Tlie " Weekly Account " st tted on IMay l()th, 
 that Basing House being now declared a Popish 
 garrison, the gentlemen of Hants and Sussex, 
 grown wiser by experience. were about to besiege 
 it again. Some persons were suggesting that 
 insteatl of blockading the approach it would bo 
 more economical to spend from fjOO/. to 1 U' lU/.
 
 214 
 
 liAN(;i (iIM) IIolSi; AtTAI KK.It. 
 
 in l)uil(liiij,' rrdoulits, making slicltcr trenches, 
 and iinployin<^ a skilful engineer, who would 
 Bpecdily oonipel a surrender. The same news- 
 paper stated on May I'Jth. tliree companies 
 from Farnham Castle were tjuartered atOdiham 
 to chock foragers in that direction, and that on 
 May I'ith KK) m'-n had marched from Udiham to 
 Harkwood Paik, witliin a mile of Basing, cap- 
 turing two loads of hay and provisions wliich 
 were going to the House. No large force of 
 Cavaliers was met with, but four Parliament 
 Bcouts met an 0([ual number from the garrison, 
 one of wliom they secured, but the others fled. 
 Colonel Ludlow, whose Major Uewett had some 
 time previously deserted to the King, taking 
 some troopers with him, Avas about this time 
 stationed at Odiham. His standard bore the 
 device of an open Bible with the motto " Vcrbum 
 Dei" placed above a mitre, crozier, and rosary 
 
 On May Tith " tiie gentlemen of the Life- 
 Guard to Sir "William Waller, now quartered in 
 Surrey," were ordered to receive 14 days' pay 
 from " Sir Richard Onslowe, and the rest of the 
 eentlcmen of Surrey, and were then to be dis- 
 banded." The physicians, chaplains, surgeons, 
 and scoutmaster-general of the army, late under 
 the command of Sir "William "Waller, obtained 
 by petition part of their arrears of pay. The 
 Committee of the Ai-my were '' to consult and 
 consider with the ^Vssembly of Divines upon the 
 speedy sending down and supplying the army 
 under the command of Sir Thomas Fairfax with 
 a convenient number and proportion of godly, 
 learned, and able ministers." A humble 
 petition was read from the officers and soldiers 
 of tlie Portsmouth Garrison, and from the poor 
 inhabitants of the town. Colonels Jephson and 
 Norton were authorised to borrow money to 
 be repaid before Midsummer by the Committee 
 of the Revenue, in order to clear olf the arrears 
 of the old establishment. The gentlemen of 
 Hants were to bring in an ordinance for selling 
 the estates of Lord Worcester, and some otlier 
 delinquents in Hants, to raise 2000/. of the gar- 
 rison arrears of the new establishment. " It is 
 but reason those incendiaries should have no 
 wood left who strive to burn down the 
 kingdom." The Committee of both Kingdoms 
 soon afterwards decided that GOO men was a 
 Buflicient garrison for Portsmouth, and Colonel 
 Jones, late of Farnham Castle, obtained com- 
 mand at the end of June of Sir W. Bereton's 
 regiment of horse. On May 13th "1000/. was 
 
 provided as a fortnight's pay for Colonel 
 Fienis liis regiment." A week previously Col. 
 Thompson, who had lost a leg at Cheriton P'ight, 
 asked for his arrears of p.'iy, with eitlier the 
 command of a garrison or some civil emjiloy- 
 mcnt, stating that he had, with the help of 
 friends, raised a troop of horse for the service 
 of Parliament, but that nearly 4')0/. was owing 
 to his men. It was recommended by the Upper 
 to the Lower House " that he may have relief 
 and respect shewed him." 
 
 Driven to desperation by Goring's exces-ses, 
 the counties of Sussex, Surrey, Hants, and 
 Berks were preparing to raise troops for the 
 Parliament. On May 21st, 104.0, Major Peter 
 Baxter, Governor of ITur.st Castle, was to 
 receive 100/. in pai't payment of his arrears, and 
 100/. from the next .sequestration of a delin- 
 quent's estate. Three days afterwards, in 
 reply to a petition presented by 200 wounded 
 and maimed soldiers in the Savoy Hospital, and 
 by 1500 other soldiers and widows. 2.'»0/. per 
 w-eek was voted for the relief of tnaimed 
 soldiers and widows, together with the collec- 
 tions at the three next monthly fasts, except 
 one-half of the collection at St. Margaret's, 
 Westminster, and at St. Martin's in the Fields. 
 About May 23rd Colonel Norton, with a force 
 of Southampton men, attacked Langford House; 
 near Salisbury. His horse were commanded by 
 Captains St. Barbe, Bettcsworth. and Gertin, 
 and his foot by the son of Captain !Murford. 
 Norton placed an ambush near the house. Then 
 a small party of his men approached the 
 garrison, as if levying contribution money. The 
 Cavaliers sallied forth, led by the Governor, 
 Colonel Griffitli, who came out wearmg linen 
 stockings, without either horse or boots, and 
 were all captured by the ambuscade. Captain 
 Ludlow, who was probably a relative of the 
 celebrated Colonel of that name, did th.e Parlia- 
 ment good service. The prisoners were Colonel 
 Griffitli. his captain, lieutenant, his own cornet, 
 and eight other officers, besides soldier.<5, the 
 total number being 74, together with their arms. 
 Ten Cavaliers were killed, but Norton's loss 
 was inconsiderable. The captives were sent to 
 Southampton, and on May 2'Jth were ordered to 
 be sent up to London, exchange being pro- 
 hibited without the consent of Parliament. 
 Colonel Griffith was sent to Newgate, but his 
 escape was announced on June 4th and all 
 officers of forts and courts of guard were
 
 Mustek at Romskv. 
 
 !15 
 
 ordered to arrest him, and to send him up to 
 the Parliament in very safe custody. On May 
 2'Jth, GUO foot were ordered to form the garri- 
 son of Portsmouth, and the officers of Waller's 
 artillery train were granted their arrears of 
 pay, and were to be recommended to Fairfax for 
 employment. On June oth Mr. Edward Hooper, 
 who had been appointed Governor of South- 
 ampton, obtained exemption on the ground of 
 infirmity, and on July f)th Captain St. IJarbe 
 obtained the vacant post. The St. Barbes 
 lived at Ashlington in Somersetshire, and at 
 Broadlands, near Komsey. One of them was 
 killed at Newbury Fight, on September *JOth, 
 1643. 
 
 '• Goring's crew' were now ravaging Somer- 
 setshire, and besieging Colonels Welden and 
 Blake in Taunton. Great .anxiety was felt in 
 London for the fate of the town, and a deputa- 
 tion from the House of Commons went to the 
 Committee of Militia to ask for oUO mounted 
 musketeers. They were granted, and volun- 
 tceis offered themselves on all sides. On June 
 7th the Committee for Surrey were ordered to 
 send lOO dragoons, Sussex was to "'send forth- 
 with a troop of horse, consisting of four 
 score, and one hundred mounted muske- 
 teers'' ; Wilts was to provide loD liorse, and 
 Kent was "to send what force they can of 
 horae mounted musfjucteers for the relief of 
 Colonel Weldon and the brigade at Taunton.'" 
 Thirty pair of pistols, with holstcns, and a 
 like number of saddles with their furniture, 
 were to be at once delivered to Coloml Norton 
 for his Hampshire horse by Lieut. -Colonel 
 Owen Hoc, who was in charge of the public 
 stores. Colonel Whitehead acquainted the 
 House of Commons that the Committee for 
 Hants and Colonel Norton " had conferred 
 together, and that they had resolved to furnisli 
 100 commanded horse, under the command of 
 Captain Thos. Bettesworth, to go upon this 
 present expedition into the west for the relief 
 of the brigade at Taunton." Fairfax wrote 
 from Sherrington, and obtained permission for 
 Cromwell to take command of all his horse. 
 An ordinance now passed to collect the revenues 
 of the sequestered estates of Hampsiiiie Royalist 
 delinquents. One-fifth and one-twentieth part 
 of the proceeds were to be expended upon the 
 county fortresses and defences and in the 
 impressment of soldiers tliercin. the Isle of 
 Wight being specially excepted. Another 
 
 ordinance. pai<sed through the influence of Col. 
 Norton on June l"Jth, appointed " John Dove, 
 gentleman, treasurer and keeper of the stores 
 of ammunition for the town of Portsmouth." 
 Two days later ■' GOO soldiers and 40 gunnei-s, 
 compreliending the old establishment, " were to 
 be the garrison of Portsmouth, 6n soldiers being 
 assigned to Southsea Castle. "£200 per week 
 over and above the old establishment " was voted 
 for the troops of Portsmouth and Southsea 
 Castle. The Committee for Hants was to 
 advance for this purpose oOOO/., which was to be 
 repaid from the Excise duties. 
 
 Colonel Massey, the well known Governor of 
 Gloucester, was to come into Hampshire from 
 the west, in order to unite with the forces from 
 Kent. Surrey, and Sussex, whidi were intended 
 for the relief of Taunton. Clarendon says 
 that Massey was a soldier of fortune, who had 
 formerly served the King in Scotland. When 
 the troubLs began he was at York. •' with incli- 
 nation to serve the King, but finding himself 
 not enough known there, and tliat there would 
 be little gotten but the comfort of a good con- 
 science, he went to London, where there was 
 more money and fewer officers, and was easily 
 made Lieutenant-Colonel to the Earl of Stam- 
 ford, and being quickly found to be a diligent 
 and stout ofiicer, and of no ill parts of conver- 
 sation, to render himself acceptable among the 
 common people, was, by his Lordship, wlien he 
 went into the west, left Governor ot the City 
 of Gloucester, wheie he had behaved himsett 
 actively and successfully." Massey was, on 
 June K'.th, at llomsey ; he had from l<.o() to 
 1200 horse, and was expecting reinforcements. 
 
 On Juno 21 th Colonel A\ ebb was with the 
 City Dragoons at Southampton, from which 
 town tlio local contingent of lu'rse was to 
 marcli on May 2;5rd to llomsey ; at whicli place 
 a general muster was to take place on May 24th. 
 Colonel Popham commanded the horse at 
 Koni.sey during !Masseys temporary absence. 
 Clarendon calls him •' Col. Edward I'opliam, a 
 principal otlieer of the Parliament in tlieir Meets 
 at sea. and of a pa.ssionateand virulent temper, of 
 the Lidopendcnt party." Captain Pittman had 
 on or about June Hth repulsed a sot tie from 
 Winchester Castle, and carried oil" 50 horses. 
 Tlie Pittman family owned land at Maplcder- 
 well, and John Pittman, Escj., was one of the 
 Commissioners appointed on November (Ith, 
 1G4;», for making the w eekly collection in Uamp-
 
 216 
 
 The Clubmen. 
 
 BhiiG. Colonel Massey, on or about June 19th, 
 marched to Winchester and carried off the 
 sheep whicli Lord Ogle had collected in antici- 
 pation of a siege, but which he made no effort 
 to defend. " Some Go or more of the King's 
 scattered horse" from Naseby Fight reached 
 Winchester about this time. Colonel Massey 
 was present on June 'J4th at the Romsey 
 muster. He had been reinforced from Kent by 
 80 horse and IGO dragoons ; from Hants by 100 
 horse, and Sussex, Surrey, Middlesex, and 
 London had each sent him 10(J dragoons. 
 Captain Jervoise joined him with 340 horse, 
 and 340 Reformadoes were a welcome accession 
 of strength. These reinforcements together 
 numbered 567 horse and ',)6(j dragoons, and on 
 July 2nd Massey joined with 3000 men at 
 Blandford the army of Fairfax, which, after 
 the decisive battle of Naseby, " turned west- 
 ward to raise the siege of Taunton, crush 
 Goring's crew,and recover the great strongholds 
 of Somerset and Devon for Parliament." 
 
 The excesses of troops like those of Goring 
 naturally brought about a reaction in the 
 county, and on June 2Gth Mr. Secretary 
 Nicholas, writing from Oxford, says, ••' The 
 Clubmen in Hampshire and Wiltshire grow 
 numerous, and, I hear, very stout. They have 
 above 500 arms in Hampshire. The rebels have 
 given orders for suppressing of them." It 
 Beems probable that the Royalist generals might 
 have turned the movement to good account, 
 but the opportunity was lost, as Goring issued 
 a severe order against them from Exeter. These 
 Clubmen wore white ribbons as a badge, and 
 derived their name from being armed with 
 clubs, flails, scythes, and sickles fastened to 
 long poles. The county gentlemen and clergy 
 headed the movement, which, according to 
 Locke, was originated by Shaftesbury when a 
 young man. The design was to form a third 
 party, which should neither be Royalist nor 
 Parliamentarian, an army without soldiers, for 
 they were neither to wear swords nor to carry 
 firearms. The Clubmen were about 14,000 
 strong, and were already ready when necessary 
 to assemble in force in defence of their homes 
 and granaries. Refusing to allow any armies to 
 quarter within their districts, their banner, a 
 white sheet, bore this motto : — 
 
 " If yon offer to plnnder or take our cattle, 
 You may be Buro we'll give you battle." 
 
 The word " plunder," which had been intro- 
 duced by soldiers of fortune from Germany, 
 here first appears in our language. The Club- 
 men refused to submit to the Parliament, say- 
 ing, ''Our intentions are to go in a middle way ; 
 to preserve our persons and estates from vio- 
 lence and plunder ; to join with neither ; and 
 not to oppose either side, until by the answer 
 to our petition we see who are the enemies of 
 that happy peace which we really desire." 
 Fairfax negotiated with them, attended some 
 of their meetings, and employed some of them 
 as pioneers, but finally suppressed them. 
 
 On June 30th, 1645, Fairfax, returning from 
 Naseby Fight to relieve beleaguered Taunton, 
 marched from Marlborough to Amesbury. It 
 was the day of Marlborough Fair, and some 
 stragglers were in consequence left behind, who 
 were speedily surprised and captured by Major 
 Dewett or Duet, who. being Colonel Ludlow's 
 major, had changed sides, and was now in garri- 
 son at Devizes. On July 1st there was a 12 
 miles' march to Broad Chalke, "and being 
 drawn up that morning to a rendezvous to a 
 place called Stonage (Stonehenge), marched in 
 battalia upon Salisbury Plain." Chaplain 
 Hugh Peters urged the destruction of Stone- 
 henge, as being one of '• the monuments of 
 heathenism," but fortunately more pressing 
 matters demanded attention. Some officers and 
 others riding through Salisbury found the 
 Clubmen there very confident, " wearing white 
 ribands in their hats, as it were in affront of 
 the army, not sparing to declare themselves 
 absolute neuters, or rather friends to the enemy." 
 
 On Wednesday, July 2nd, Fairfax reached 
 Blandford, where he was joined by Massey at 
 the head of 3000 horse and foot. A soldier 
 who had robbed a gentleman near Marlborough 
 was here executed in a narrow lane. Mr. Pen- 
 ruddock and Mr. Fussell, two leaders of the 
 Clubmen, were arrested, but, having acknow- 
 ledged their error, were released. Five days 
 afterwards Goring was beaten at Langport 
 Fight, and the Royal cause soon became hope- 
 less in the west.
 
 CiiAPTKR XXVIII.— Road Waggons in Danger— Clubmen Routed.— Wav.s and IMeans— 
 Lord Ogle's Requisitions— Colonel Dalbiek— Basing again Besiegei>— Mining 
 Operations — Hampsiiike Clubmen— Church Parade— A Shattered Tower — A 
 Gallant Stratagem. 
 
 On Saturday, July 12th, 1045, some scouts 
 reported at Farnham Castle that a party of 
 horse from Basing House were returning to that 
 garrison with a Chichester road waggon, which 
 they had captured near Hind-head. All tlie 
 horse and dragoons in the Castle were at once 
 sent out. and Cornet Stokam was despatched 
 with a small party to bring up a detachment 
 commanded by Captain Joyner from Alton to 
 Tunworth Downs. Both parties arrived at the 
 same time, and charged the Cavaliers both in front 
 and rear, at a place two miles from Alton, 
 routed them, retook the waggon, and pursued 
 them to within half-a-mile of Basing, killing 
 and wounding most of them, and taking nine 
 prisoners and 15 horses. The retiring Parlia- 
 mentarians had reached Bentley Green, when 
 they were faced by 120 cavalry, belonging to 
 the garrisons of Winchester, Basing, and Faring- 
 don (Sir M. Rawdon's command). The new- 
 comers prepared to charge, and took " Trooper 
 Reeves, but received such a salute from our 
 dragoons" tliat they fled. A Parliamentarian 
 Major, whose name is unrecorded, was at the 
 same time posted with 100 foot at Upton 
 Gray, near Weston Patrick. He intercepted the 
 Cavaliers as they retreated towards Basing, 
 taking six men and four horses. Capt. Joyner 
 (Joynet). who was shot in the arm, Cornet 
 Stokam, whose head received a sword ( ut, James 
 Mansurgli (Mansargh), who was sliot in the leg, 
 " were they who did most execution.'" One 
 Puritan dragoon was killed. 
 
 On July 2-1 th measures were taken to provide 
 maintenance for 1500 horse and dragoons, to bo 
 employed in the blockade of Basing, Winchester, 
 and other places. £5000 was, by an ordinance 
 brought in by Mr. Lisle, voted upon Excise 
 receipts '' to be employed for the reducing of 
 
 Winchester, Donnington, and Basing." Th© 
 Committee of the Admiralty were " to take a 
 speedy course for the reduction of the island of 
 Jersey, and report the same to the House,'" as a 
 petition had been presented from thence, to the 
 effect that " many inhabitants, well affected, 
 were remaining there in want and misery, ever 
 since the revolt of the islanders, upon the for- 
 cible entrance which Captain Carteret made 
 there against tlie Parliament." 
 
 On July 2Gth, lG-15, it was ordered "Jlr. 
 Morris Jephson to be Lieut.-Colonel. and Mr. 
 John Lobb to be Major of Colonel Norton's 
 regiment of foot, now at Portsmouth." The 
 Lobb family lived at Southampton, and one of 
 tliem afterwards owned the Vine, near Basing- 
 stoke. On July 31st the Committee of the 
 Navy were '" to take care to bring about those 
 prisoners that are on board the ships now at 
 Portsmouth." 
 
 On August l.st our old acquaintance Major- 
 General lirowne was granted 2000 foot and GOO 
 as the strength of liis Abingdon garrison, and 
 on tlie next day Colonel Fleetwood surrounded 
 and dispersed 1000 clubmen at Shaftesbury. 
 CroniAVcll attacked about 2000 others in an old 
 Roman camp on Hambledon Hill. Hismenwcro 
 at first repulsed, but were after an hour's fight- 
 ing victorious, and brought GOO arms, 400 
 prisoners, 200 of whom were wounded. to Sliraw- 
 ton, where they were imprisoned in tlie church. 
 Sixty clubmen were killed. Tlicy were said to 
 have been stirred up by ''malignant priests." 
 and four vicars and curates were among the 
 captives. Some were afterwards sent up to 
 London, and others released, on taking 
 the Covenant, and promising future quiet- 
 ness. Twelve colours were also taken. The 
 Earl of Southampton was High Steward of
 
 'J18 
 
 LoKi) ()(;m;'.s RKQiisrrroNS. 
 
 AVinchostor, but was on account of his loyalty 
 disabled from holding office, and on November 
 ■JTtli, Robert Wallop, Est}., was elected in his 
 stead. The lOarl was now serving tiio King, and 
 on August Ith a pass was granted by both 
 Housi's of Parliament to the Countess of Soutli- 
 ampton with her two young children for 30 
 days to go from Oxford to Titchfleld House. The 
 reason assigned is a touching one, " It being the 
 desire of the old Countess of Southampton to 
 sec them, which yet slie never did." The 
 Countess was permitted to take with her a coach, 
 and a waggon, witli ten ordinary servants and 
 horses, but none of the party were to enter or 
 I'emain in any of the Parliament's forts, castles, 
 or garrisons. Six troops of light horse G70 in 
 number, and three troops of dragoons, number- 
 ing '.V.W, had been raised in several counties for 
 General Fairfax. The sum of 'J"J"J4/. "Js. was 
 now voted for three months' maintenance of this 
 regiment, " in all 1000, besides commissionary 
 officers." The Kentish Iiorse were on August 
 Gtli ordered " to be employed for the service of 
 reducing the county of Southampton to the 
 obedience of the Parliament." receiving pay 
 meanwhile from the Committee for Hants. 
 Colonel Jephson, M.P. for Stockbridge, was 
 ordered to embark for Munster,with his regiment 
 of horse. His men were to have quarters every- 
 where, paying for necessaries at reasonable rates. 
 Not more than twelve pence per man and horse 
 was to be paid for each 24 hours. Fairfax 
 received some ammunition and battering pieces 
 from Portsmouth, which aided in the capture of 
 Sherborne Castle on August loth, after a siege 
 of 10 days. 
 
 About the middle of August much discussion 
 took place as to the payment of some 60 poor 
 waggoners who had been employed in several 
 expeditious to Basing, Newport, Pet worth, and 
 the western counties. Their claim of nearly 
 3000/. was at last paid. Colonel AVeare, who 
 had been sent up from Portsmouth by the Earl 
 of Essex under arrest in September, JG44, was 
 still confined in the Comptor at Southwark. 
 He was now removed to another prison, and 
 was granted subsistence money from his arrears 
 of pay. " Captain Bettesworth, having done 
 very good service to the Parliament, to be 
 enjoined not to go out of the Kingdom" on 
 August "iOth, and, nine days afterwards, men- 
 tion is made of the " ^Masters and Governors of 
 ■<ihe Mystery and Commonalty of Barber Sur- 
 
 geons, London." A Common Assembly waH 
 held in the (jiuildhall, Winchester, on a certam 
 Monday of this month to consider a warrant 
 issued by the Governor, Lord O^le. '' It 
 generally agreed by tlie whole assembly that 
 Mr. Mayor (Longlaiid) and whom of the lest of 
 the Corporation lie shall tliink fit, sliall go, and 
 to-morrow morning .shall go to rny Lord Ogle to 
 inform him what things are here to be gotten, 
 and what not concerning his warrant for neces- 
 saries for the Castle, and so to consider how they 
 may bo provided." Before this time only four 
 constal)le3 had been annually elected at Win- 
 chester. But since the city had been garrisoned 
 two others had been added, " to make up the 
 number six during the tyme of these troubles." 
 
 Vigorous preparations for the final siege of 
 Basing wore now being made. The senior com- 
 mandhig officer was Colonel Dalbicr. 
 
 Dol Beere, Dalbyer, &c. (his name is spelt in 
 every possible way). He was a Dutchman by 
 birth, and from him, according to Heath. Crom- 
 well first of all learned the mechanical part of 
 soldiering, and received help in the drilling of 
 his Ironsides. At the outbreak of the war we 
 find him in command of a troop of horse under 
 Lord Bedford. He w:;s also Quartermaster- 
 General to the Eail of Essex, as well as an 
 engineer. A most invaluable officer. He had 
 been engaged some years previously, together 
 with Sir William Balfour, in raising German 
 horse. After the battle of Edgehill he urged 
 the adoption of vigorous measures. In the 
 same year the Lords desired t!ie Commons that 
 he being under accusation and restraint might 
 be either tried or discharged. He took part in 
 the burning of the vilhige of Chinnor. in 
 Oxfordshire, in June, lti43. The strength of 
 his troop is given by "Woodward as being GO 
 troopers, with two trumpeters, three corporals, 
 a saddler, and a farrier. Tlie officers were 
 Lieut. William Frampton, Cornet H. Yan- 
 braham, and Quartermaster John Downe. 
 
 In 1G44 Colonel Dalbier was in command of 
 a regiment of horse composed as follows : — 
 
 OflScers Troopers 
 
 Colonel Dalbier 1-' 07 
 
 Captain Sal kield 11 72 
 
 „ Pymm II 80 
 
 ,, Lukcman 1' 18 
 
 43 iCl 
 
 Total no 
 
 •' Aulicus" and " Britannicus " are as usua
 
 BASiN"(i Again Bi:sii:oki). 
 
 'A 'J 
 
 mutually satirical about the commencement of 
 the siege. The forraei- said that Dalbier com- 
 plained of his design being" very much danipt by 
 the alarms given to London, when His Majesty's 
 horse was at Dunstable," whereupon the latter 
 retorts that " the house is very much dampt, and 
 tlie wise IMarfjuis has taken up his damp lodging 
 once more," adding that Lord Winchester spent 
 his time in bed at the bottom of a cellar '"out 
 of reach of gunshot, for you know generals and 
 governors should not be too venturous. ""Aulicus" 
 asserted that Ualbier had bargained not to 
 I'eceive any pay until Basing was taken, e.vcept 
 ];'»()/. to be paid at once to his wife, and that all 
 Dalbier's projected mines were only plans to 
 obtain money. " Britannicus" reolies. " L^pon 
 such terms we will employ two or tliree colonels 
 more, if they please to be in action, and to leave 
 murmuring for arrears." '' The engineer fell to 
 his pretence, tlie work itself is money, August 
 2()th" ("Aulicus"). On August 4th Dalbier 
 brouglit in proposals to tlie House of Commons 
 tiiat tlie forces of Sussex and Surrey should 
 block up Basing House, and that those of Hants, 
 Middlesex, and the City of London sliould 
 blockade Oxford, and on the lOth the Parliament 
 ordered 4t)(l bandoliers, 400 swords, 300 muskets, 
 200 pikes, and 10 drums to be issued from store 
 to the forces from Portsmouth garrison employed 
 for the reducing of Basing House. " Colonel 
 Dalbier reached Basingstoke with SOO horse and 
 foot on August 20th. but made no attack, and 
 the provisioning of Basing House was not inter- 
 fered with. "Which being completed, the Oar- 
 rison resolved to visit the rebels, which it did on 
 Thursday and Friday, and took an oHicer and 
 nine troopers, since which time Sir John Boys 
 went from Donnington Castle (of which he was 
 Governor) to alarm them, and brought away a 
 colour, two oflicers, and seven other prisoners to 
 Dennington. Basing daily beats up their 
 quarters." Whereupon "Britannicus" retorts 
 on September L'Jiid. "Are not these bare 
 victories, think you ? But such they are glad to 
 live upon." 
 
 On August 'S.Wd it was ordered "Out of 
 Reading, Captain Blagrave's company to be 
 drawn for liasing." I)alliier was now in pos- 
 session of Hasing village, and " hath with liim 
 manj' good engineers and pion(!cr.s, such as use 
 to dig in coal pits." Heavy rains favoured the 
 besiegers, " the place tlicreabouts being hard 
 and rocky." On August *J'Sth more troops and 
 
 materials for a siege were urgently required, 
 and seven days afterwards lOo .Southwark mus- 
 keteers were ordered to Basing, those refusing 
 to march being fined by the Committee of 
 Militia and punished as usual. 
 
 On September 1st it was settled that the 
 horse and arms of a dragoon were not to cost 
 more tlian tj/., and on September 0th Waller 
 received pay for H"JO days as a Major-General, 
 at the rate of 10^. per diem. By September 
 17th Dalbier had been reinforced, and hoped 
 "to give a satisfactory account within a few 
 days of that Imsiness," having commenced a 
 bombardment and destroyed a great tower in 
 the Old House. " That part of Basing House 
 on the south called tlie New House is thought 
 most seizable ; if we could gain that the other 
 coulil not long hold out. There is a design to 
 show the enemy there a gallant stratagem of 
 war. but I had rather let them study to find it 
 than let my pen telltales out of school." The 
 Clubmen were now rising for the King in Hants 
 and Sussex, and vain hopes were formed of 
 their coming to the relief of Basing House. ]Mr. 
 W. Cawley and the Committee for Sussex on 
 September iSth and I'Jth reported "divers 
 outrageous proceedings" of 1000 Clubmen at 
 Rowkeshill, near Chichester, enclosing the war- 
 rant issued by the Sussex Clubmen, and the 
 declaration published by the men of Hants. 
 Wilts, and Dorset. Colonel Norton was ordered 
 to shift the quarters of the Iiorse and foot 
 under his command from Portsmouth to 
 Bishop's AValtham. and to await orders from the 
 Committee of both Kingdoms, to whom these 
 documents M'ere referred. The Committee for 
 Hants. Sussex, and Surrey were directed to 
 consult " how to prevent any inconvenience that 
 may happen by reason of the Clubmen," and to 
 sequester the estates of all recusants. Mr. 
 Cawley again complained on October liUh of 
 hindrances to the recruiting of Fairfax's army 
 in Sussex. On Septomlier 'J.'ith we hear of 
 Colonels Anthony Stapley, Morley, Norton, and 
 others trying to disperse the Clubmen at 
 Rowkeshill without bloodshed. Three days 
 previon^ly wo read, "The Clubmen in Sussex 
 and Hampshire are now numerous. A party is 
 assigned to pacify them; sure they have not so 
 much to complain of as the more westerly parts, 
 but if by this they draw troubles upon them- 
 selves, let them thank themselves.'' — Mod. 
 Intelligencer.
 
 220 
 
 Tin: Ci-ciiMKN Routkd. 
 
 Tho Ilampsliirc Clubmen, although pro- 
 fessedly iicutnil, were much more inclinod to 
 favour tho Kiiij; than tho Parliament. "Idle 
 Dick" Norton, otlierwise Colonel Norton, took 
 the field against thorn from Bishop's Waltham, 
 with his cavalry and infantry, and on Wednes- 
 day, September 17th, Cromwell, who was now 
 on liis march from Devizes, sent him a strong 
 reinforcement. On the 20th Cromwell and his 
 brigade were at Andover. The reinforcement 
 sent to the aid of Colonel Norton was the 
 regiment commanded by Major Harrison, as will 
 be seen by the following letter which appeared 
 in tho Citif Scout, of October 7th :— " The other 
 news I hear of is, that of Wednesday last, the 
 malignant {i.e., Royalist) Clubmen rose and met 
 at Loomer's Ash, within three miles of Win- 
 chester, countenanced by all the malignant 
 gentry of Hampshire, to whom the Committee 
 of Parliament for Hampshire, with noble Col. 
 Norton, came, assisted by godly Major Harri- 
 son, with Colonel Fleetwood's regiment, where 
 Colonel Norton used all means to send them 
 home again ; but the malignant towns of 
 Bishop's Waltham and Pctersfield would needs 
 fight, who wore soon surrounded by the horse. 
 Then those Clubmen shot at them, which caused 
 the horse to fall upon them, and killed four or 
 five, wounded some others, and alarmed most 
 of them. This day I hear worthy and religious 
 Colonel Norton, with the Committeee of Par- 
 liament, have given warrant to apprehend all 
 the principall gentlemen of the Clubmen, to 
 prevent further mischief. Winchester, the 2t)th 
 of September, 1G45." 
 
 The Kingdom's Weeklij Intelligencer says that 
 the horse " cut and hackt many of them, took 
 all their chiefs, ringleaders, and about IHOO 
 arms, which made their neighbours in Sussex to 
 shrink in their heads, and we hear most of them 
 are departed to their own homes." 
 
 The place where Colonel Norton dispersed the 
 Clubmen is known as Waller's Ash, and is about 
 '6k or 4 miles distant from it. It is near the race 
 course, and the first long tunnel on leaving 
 Winchester by rail for London is called Waller's 
 Ash Tunnel, from being near the place. The 
 spot known as Waller's Ash is about three- 
 quarters of a mile from it. 
 
 An Ordinance passed the Commons on Sep- 
 tember Both to appoint Commissioners of 
 Martial Law in Hants. Sir Henry Tichborne, 
 ■who had been captured at sea after proving him- 
 
 self a loyal, skilful, and intrepid soldier in 
 Ireland, was, together with Colonel Wearo, on 
 this day released from the Tower on exchange. 
 
 Sir Robert Peake, tho Lieutenant-Governor 
 at Basing, lost both his horse and groom at 
 once. 
 
 ''The Diary or Exact Journal' says, on 
 September 20th, "Colonel Dalbeerc is now 
 intrenching himself before Basing House," 
 and describes the Governor as " Robert Peek, 
 who sold the pictures by Holborn Conduit," 
 adding, " Sir Robert's groom is come in unto 
 Dalbeir, and to make himself more welcome he 
 hath brought with him his master's horse, on 
 which he chargeth in the field, and another 
 horse of good price." 
 
 The 21st of September, being Sunday, the 
 besiegers assemljled to listen to a sermon from 
 their chaplain, who was then styled the 
 Minister of the Army. The sermon was so 
 much appreciated that it was sent next day to 
 London, and was printed for John Wright, at 
 the " King's Head," in the Old Bailey, on 
 October 6th, 1(345. A copy of it, with the 
 imprimatur of James Crauford, September 2Gth, 
 1645, is now in the British Museum. Think 
 not, oh most patient of readers, that I am about 
 to inflict upon you 32 small qto. pages of small 
 type. Far be it from me. The title is. " More 
 Sulphur for Basing, or God will fearfully annoy 
 and make quick riddance of His implacable 
 enemies, surely, sorely, suddenly. Shewed in a 
 Sermon at the Siege of Basing on the last Lord's 
 Day. September 21, 1645. Together with a 
 word of advice full of love and affection to the 
 Clubmen of Hampshire. By AVilliam Beech. 
 Minister of the Army there. Elect Minister of 
 0., in the County of Sufliolk." The motto of 
 the sei'mon is Rev. xiv., 11, "And the smoke of 
 their torment shall ascend evermore, and they 
 shall have no rest day nor niglit which worship 
 the beast and his image :" the text being Psalm 
 Ixxxiii., 9, " Doe unto them as unto the 
 Midianites, as to Sisera, as to Jabin at the 
 Brooke of Kison." William Beecli belonged to 
 a Hampshire family, and had been a scholar 
 under Dr. Love, at AVinchester, to whose son, 
 the Worshipful Mr. Nicholas Love, a Member 
 of the Committee of Parliament for Hampshire, 
 he dedicates his sermon in most fulsome 
 language. Dr. Love is described as " the 
 Learned and Most Orthodox AVarden." Im- 
 ploring the patronage of Mr. Nicholas Love, he
 
 A SHATTERKD TOWF.R. 
 
 221 
 
 says, " Malice hath dogged mo these two years 
 (the Lord knowes ciuselessly) by so;i and laud, 
 and hath bespattered me exceedingly, and many 
 are taken up and affected with Halifax Law." 
 
 These somewhat obscure concluding words 
 seem to be synouymous with summary execution, 
 as an old local law at Halifax in Yorkshire 
 enacted that clothstcalersto the amount of 131d. 
 were to be executed on the next market-day. 
 
 The preacher speaks of " the roaring of our 
 cannon, or tlie terrible bursting asunder of tlic 
 granado," no doubt alluding to the events of the 
 week before, for on September 2"Jnd, *' By letters 
 from Bazing, we were again advertised that 
 Dalbier hath made divers shot against the Castle, 
 and liath planted some batteries, and shot in some 
 granadots, some of which are believed to have 
 done execution," as they in fact did, for '* one 
 granado burnt two hours before they could 
 quench it." 
 
 The Rev. "VV. Beech '" affirms that hi.^ county 
 will be famous and sounding unto posterity for 
 two tlun<irs, viz., for sending burgesses and re- 
 nowned champions that stood altogether,save one 
 strange one that Avas lost, to defend it, and 
 secondly, for two faithless garrisons and un- 
 worthy Catalines that laboured so much to 
 destroy it." 
 
 " And ah ! poore Hampshii c, deceived people, 
 deluded countrymen ; for whom my spirit i.s in 
 bitternesse, and my bowels yerne (for the first 
 breathing of ayre I had among you), and once 
 happy Hampshire, Dotia xi una imriut Afjn'colir. 
 (If ffiniitrs onhj knew irlirn the)/ irere well f 'J/'), 
 if they knew their happinesse, and how canst 
 thou endure a snake in thy bowels, a limbe of that 
 cruell beast of Rome, and be silent and sleepe V 
 Nay, two garri.sons of countrey destroyers, and 
 not resolve against them, and not contribute your 
 chibs towards the rooting of them out V" 
 
 Tliis pulpit eloquence somewliat failed of its 
 desired eirect, for on October ;$, the " Scottish 
 Dove" thus makes moan : — " The countrey 
 people are base, and add nothing to Dalbier's 
 asaistineo for their own freedome." 
 
 But a more famous soldier than Dalbier was 
 at liand. Listen to the "Exact JonrnalT'on Sept. 
 2'Jnd: — '-Colonel Dalbero liath raised a liattery 
 very near Ba.sin'^' House. He plays fiercely upon 
 them, hath beat down one of the towers ; he 
 wanted men and more great guns. It may bo 
 that Lieut.-General Cromwell may come or send 
 him help." 
 
 Cromwell was oven then ready to help surely 
 and effectually. Prince Rupert had ridden 
 forth from Bristol after its surrender on Sept. 
 1 1th, and soon afterwards Fairfax detached from 
 Bath three columns, under Cromwell, Picker- 
 ing, and llainsborough, to take Devizes, Lacock 
 House, and Berkeley Castle, all of which were 
 successful. A fourtli column ro luced Farley 
 Castle, near Trowbiidgo. Cromwell was des- 
 patched with a brigade of three regiments of 
 foot and three of horse for the taking of certaia 
 Royalist garrisons, which, says Master Joshua 
 Sprigge, "'like vipers in the bowels, infested the 
 midland parts. Of these Basing was the cliief." 
 
 The tower above referred to as being destroyed 
 formed part of the Old House, and was one of 
 the largest belonging to the building. Tlio''City 
 Scout" of Sept. iiOth says that " the great tower 
 in the Old House was destro}'ed on Monday, 
 Sept. '21nd, at which time he might have taken 
 the House had he had a considerable party to 
 fall on. Deserters and one of our troopers, 
 which was then a prisoner in the House, and 
 since released by his wife, for a month's pay, 
 say that in the top of this tower was hid a 
 bushel of Scots twopenc.s, wliieli flew about 
 their cars. The [Marquis of "\Vinehestti'sw<^ars 
 that Dolbier is a greater trouble to him than 
 ever any was that ever came against the House." 
 
 Tiie "Weclvly Account" gives furtherdet lilson 
 Saturday, the "JTth: — •' From Basing it was cer- 
 tificul that on Monday and Tuesday last. Colonel 
 Dalbier played witli the cannon very fierce upon 
 the New House, and after many sliots against the 
 midst of the House, which loosened the bricks 
 and made a long crack in the wall, ho made 
 another shot or two at the top of the House 
 which brought down the high turret, the fall 
 whereof so shook that part of the Iionse, which 
 before was weakened, that tlie outmost wall fell 
 down all at once, insomuch ihat our men could 
 sec bedding and other goods fall out of thoHouse 
 into the court." 
 
 " The enemy in the house are extremely vcxt, 
 yet at this time were they blockt up but on one 
 side, and for want of horse they had often 
 sallied out as far as Basingstoke and returned 
 again, but by this they are confined to a less 
 compass." According to the"CityScout,"Dalbier 
 had, on Friday, September 'JTith, not more than 
 lUOU foot and some four troops of horse. Ho 
 was unable to compass the hou.se, the garrison 
 of which was estimated to be half as numorou4
 
 222 
 
 A Gali-ant Strataokm. 
 
 as wero tho besiegers, and could only besiege it 
 on one side. On Tuesday, the 23rd, there was 
 heavy firing, tho result being "a very great 
 breach," which was kept open by a vigorous can- 
 nonade. Colonel Dalbicr now asked for further 
 additions to his strength. 
 
 The "True Informer" hints at further destruc- 
 tion : — "Wednesday, September 24th. This 
 day we understood by a messenger from Basing 
 that Colonel D'Albere hath made several bat- 
 teries anjainst Basing House, or, as Aulicus calls 
 it, Basing Cistle. Ho hath beaten down one of 
 the Towers of the Old House, and taken one of 
 the works of the New House by storm. And 
 wo doubt not but that the House will, within 
 10 days, bo in tho Parliament's possession !" 
 
 " Mercuricus Veridicus" of Saturday, Sep- 
 tember 2nth, adds : — " Those that come from the 
 siege at Basing tell us that at tho entering of 
 one of the enemy's works in the New House, 
 destroyed together with the Tower on Septem- 
 ber 22nd, thoy blow it up. but Colonell Dalbier 
 made good the breach." The same newspaper 
 somewhat prematurely reports the capture of 
 the New House. "Mcrcurius Civicus" on the 
 following day writes more cautiously : — " This 
 evening wo understand from Basing that Colonel 
 Dalbier hath made several batteries upon Basing 
 House, and hath beaten down one of the 
 greatest Towers, and some say he hath taken 
 the New House, but of that there is no cer- 
 tainty." The storming of tho above-mentioned 
 defence of tho New House sufficiently accounts 
 for these rumours. " The gallant stratagem of 
 war." before referred to, was disclosed by the 
 "True In former" on September 24th : — "He hath 
 a design to smoke them out, good store of straw 
 being brought in from the country for that 
 purpose." 
 
 The " Scottish Dove" two days later has the 
 following : — " Colonel Dol Beer is in good 
 action at Basing ; he hath beaten down a Tower, 
 and whilst ho makes his works foi the effecting 
 his design he smokes them with the sulphur of 
 brimstone, an emblem of their future vengeance!" 
 
 "Mcrcurius Veridicus" on Saturdiy, the 
 27th, is jubilant, yet cautious : — " But what ? 
 "Will all the King's chiefi st holds go to wrack 
 together ? Must they part with Basing House ? 
 All Papists ? No treachery feared there ? Yes, 
 we are bidding fair for that, too, if the house 
 will not burn the straw and other combustible 
 matter will smoke, which, with advantage of 
 
 wind, may seome another element, and make 
 the enemy scarce find their port-hole, but no 
 more of this till we hear of the success. Dalbier 
 sends into tho house a compounded stifling 
 smoake." Pass yet two days more, and 
 " Mcrcurius Britannicus " adds insult to injury, 
 " yet we must not call all yielding cowardice, 
 because Winfhester, tho man of Basing, would 
 needs be thought valiant, though he love not 
 the smell of gunpowder, and therefore, in com- 
 miseration. Colonel D'Albier hath this last 
 week tried to smoke him out with straw, ju.st as 
 they use to serve eeles in old walls ; and if this 
 trick will not take, there is another nameless 
 stratagem in acting, for the gallant Colonel is 
 resolved to have his pay." 
 
 The " Parliament Scout " thus describes the 
 siege on Sept i'Oth : 
 
 " They are all Papists in that garrison, and 
 if there were purgatory upon earth, the Papists 
 do find it and fool it there, for besides the thick 
 and perpetual darkness which the wet and 
 smoaking straw doth make, the burning of 
 brimstone and arsenic and other dismal ingre- 
 dients doth infinitely annoy the besieged, which 
 makes them to gnash their teeth for indignation; 
 in tho meantime the cannons do perpetually 
 thunder one against another. On every side 
 desolation dwells about them, and to subdue the 
 place there are those things are put in execution 
 which tho nature of man doth tremble at." 
 
 The editor of " Perfect Passages" on Oct. 1st 
 seems quite satisfied with the state of affairs : — 
 
 " 800 are ordered by the Committee to be 
 sent to strengthen D'Albere against Basing. 
 Good reason he should have them, he goes on 
 so hope'"nlly.'' 
 
 On Friday, Oct. 3rd. the " Moderate Intelli- 
 gencer " alludes to the siege : — " We hear the 
 business before Bazing goes well ! A battery 
 upon one side, a breach made, if he had men to 
 enter and storm, but they are wanting, that is a 
 few more than they have ! " 
 
 The " Exact Journal" says, on Oct. 4th : — 
 " From Bazing we are informed that Dalbier 
 expe teth more supplies, without whirh he 
 cannot so eisily go through the task he hath 
 undertaken." 
 
 From " Mercurius Veridicus " (Mercury the 
 Truthteller) of Ortober 4th we learn that a 
 heavy and effectual fire was maintained by the 
 besiegers, and that the garrison were losing 
 heart: — " I thought not at this time to have men-
 
 Desertions from Basing. 
 
 223 
 
 tioned Bazing, for the defendants have been eo 
 used to the strong breath of old priests and 
 Jesuits that straw and sulphur will not stifle 
 them out of the house, therefore Dalbior daily 
 sends pellets amongst them, and hath beat down 
 part of the house, and so terrified some that 
 they have stolen out of the house and got quite 
 away. Others have come from Walliugford to 
 us, and protest that they will never fight 
 against the Parliament. No less than eight 
 camo in thus with their horse one morning, and 
 say that more will come, and many are gone to 
 other garrisons of ours." 
 
 The "Scottish Dove" of the same date says : — 
 " Basing House is still besieged, not yet stormed, 
 but continual battery, so that they have cer- 
 tainly made some breaches, and were it not that 
 the besieged have good hopes to be relieved they 
 would quickly yield it. Provisions are scarce 
 with them, and want will make them do any- 
 thing, but all is in God's hand, wlio guides all 
 things by His own will." Things were looking 
 badly for the Marquis.
 
 ClIAl'TKH XXIX. — CnOMWELL AND HlS BuiUADH — CoLONEI^ Ua.MMOND, FlKKTWOOU AND 
 
 Hauuison — Hu(iii Pkteks — CKojnvi;i.L Summons Winchestkk — The Castee BrjunoH) 
 — Bishop CuRLE — Siege Operations — Bombardment — Parley and Surrender — 
 Booty and Spoil — Hugh Peters at Westminster — Trouhles at Winchester. 
 
 We have before referred to the surrender of 
 Bri.stol on September 11th, 1G45, and noted the 
 despatch of Cromwell at the head of his brigade 
 of three rG<,nmentH of foot and 2000 horse, with 
 a view to the reduction of certain Royalist 
 garrisons, of which Basing, if not the chiet, was 
 by no means the least important. 
 
 The character of Cromwell we need not 
 discuss. Leave we Carlyle and others to that 
 task. A portrait of " Old Xoll" hangs at Hack- 
 wood House, not far from that of his gallant 
 foe the Marquis, wherefrom all beholders may 
 Bee what manner of man he was. Sir Philip 
 Warwick thus describes his personal appeanince 
 in November, 1G40, some five years before this 
 time : ''I came into the House one morning well 
 clad, and perceived a gentleman speaking whom 
 I knew not, very ordinarily apparelled, for it 
 was a plain cloth suit that seemed to have been 
 made by an ill country tailor His linen was 
 very plain, and not very clean, and I remember 
 a speck or two of blood upon liis little band (a 
 linen tippet, properly the shirt-collar of those 
 days), which was not much larger than his 
 collar ; his hat was without a hat band, his 
 stature was of a good size, liis sword stuck close 
 to his side, his countenance swoln and reddish, 
 his voice sliarp and untuneable, and his eloquence 
 full of fervour." Mr. Hyde, afterwards Lord 
 Clarendon, when Chairman of a Committee of 
 the House saw another phase of his character : 
 " His whole carriage was so tempestuous, 
 and his behaviour so insolent, that the Chair- 
 man found himself obliged to reprehend him, 
 and to tell him that if he (Mr. Cromwell) pro- 
 ceeded in the same manner he (Mr. Hyde) 
 ■would presently adjourn the Committee and the 
 next morning complain to the House of him." 
 
 A stern man, unyielding, and cast in iron 
 mould, as the "merciless assault of Basing" 
 and the storming of Droghcda give proof ; 
 yet, as we would fain believe, a man of per- 
 sonal piety, and courteous to an enemy in 
 defeat, as the following anecdote clearly shows : 
 — " As the garrison of Hillesdon House, near 
 Newport Pagnell, were evacuating it after the 
 surrender, one of the soldiers snatched off Sir 
 William Smyth's hat. He immediately com- 
 plained to Cromwell of the man's insolence and 
 breach of the capitulation. ' Sir,' said Crom- 
 well, ' if you can point out the man or I can 
 discover him, I promise you he shall not go 
 unpunished. In the meantime,' taking off a 
 new beaver which he had on his own head, ' be 
 pleased to accept of this hat instead of your 
 own.' " 
 
 " The tears of Cromwell appear to have been 
 very constitutional, and must have produced a 
 marvellous contrast on his rough-featured and 
 heavy countenance ! " 
 
 " This brave commander, by reason of his 
 resolution and gallantry in his charges, is called 
 by the King's soldiers Ironsides. So 
 Winstanley, in his " Worthies," says, ' One 
 thing that made his brigade so invin- 
 cible was his arming them so well, as 
 whilst they assured themselves they could not 
 be overcome, it assured them to overcome their 
 enemies. He himself, as they called him Iron- 
 sides, needed not to be ashamed of a nickname 
 that so often saved his life." Heath also calls 
 him by that name, and not his troop." 
 
 "In the beginning of November, 1642, the 
 regiment had reached the number of 1000 
 picked men. Whitelocke thus describes them : 
 — ' He had a brave regiment of horse of his
 
 Ckomwki.l's BuicADi:. 
 
 225 
 
 countrymen, most of them freeholders and 
 freeholders' sons, and who upon mutter of con- 
 science engaged in tliis quarrel and under Crom- 
 well, and thus, being well armed within by the 
 satisfaction of their own consciences, and with- 
 out by good iron arms, they would as one man 
 charge tirinly and fight desperately.' In May, 
 1043, a newspaper writer says, 'As for Colonel 
 Cromwell, he hath 20i)() more brave men, well 
 disciplined. No man swears but lie pays his 
 12d. ; if he be drunk, he is set in the stocks or 
 worse ; if one calls tlie other '' Roundhead," he 
 is cashiered ; insomuch tliat the countries where 
 they come leap for joy of them, and come in 
 and join with them. How happy »vould it be 
 if all the forces were thus disciplined ! ' " 
 
 " A colonel of foot received 11. 10s. the day ; 
 a lieutenant-colonel, 16s. the day ; a sergeant- 
 major (tlie present Major), Os. the day ; a cap- 
 tain, l.'is. theday ; a colonel of horse, 1/. 10s. the 
 day, and for six horses 11. Is. the day ; a cap- 
 tain of horse, 1/. 4s. the day, and for six horses, 
 1/. Is. tlie day." Field officers drew the pay of 
 a captain in addition to their own, besides other 
 perquisites. 
 
 Ciomweirs own regiment was steelclad, back 
 and breast, with headpieces. Eacli man had a 
 brace of pistols, the officers more, and each 
 troop was lOii strong. Its officers were, Lieut. - 
 General Cromwell, Major Huntingdon, Captains 
 Jenkins, Middleton, John Reynolds, and Black- 
 well. The three regiments of foot under 
 Cromwell's command were those of Colonels 
 Pick(!ring, Montagu, and Sir Hardress Waller. 
 These regimeuts had been long together, 
 and had .seen much service in company. At 
 Marstoii Moor '' on the left was drawn up the 
 Earl of Manchester's army from the Associated 
 Counties under the general command of Lieut. - 
 General Cromwell, consisting of three brigades 
 of foot commanded severally by Colonels 
 Montagu, Russell, ;ind Pickering." 
 
 In a liery charge by Rupert both on front and 
 ilank " tlie brigades of Colonels I^Iontagu, 
 RusslII, and Pickering especially distinguished 
 themsehes, standing when charged like a wall 
 of brass, and letting Hy small shot like hail upon 
 the Royalists, and yet, as an old account a.ssures 
 us, not a man of their brigades was slain." 
 
 This biigade sustained a severe check at the 
 becond battle of Newbury on the 27th of 
 October, 1 044, but on Nascby Field the Lord 
 General's, Montagu's, and Pickering's regiments 
 
 formed the right centre. Skippon's, Sir Har- 
 dress Waller's, and Pride's regiments formed the 
 left centre. During the fight Sir H. Waller's 
 regiment was broken by Prince Rupert. At the 
 siege of Bridgewater. in July. 104;'), the regi- 
 ments of Cromwell, Pickering, Montagu, Waller, 
 Hammond, and others attacked on the Somerset- 
 shire side, Lieut. -Colonel Hewson. of Picker- 
 ing's, leading a forlorn hope. At Bristol, iu the 
 following September, the same regiments were 
 to stoi-m on both sides of Lawford Gate, and 
 during the rest of the month they had simply 
 marched from victory to victory. Colonel 
 Montagu had raised his own regiment in 1043, 
 took part in the storming of Lincoln, and dis- 
 tinguished himself at Mar.ston Moor and Naseby. 
 He is better known as the Earl of Sandwich, 
 who brought over King Charles to England, and 
 perished at the battle of Solebay in 1072. The 
 officers of his regiment in 1047 were Lieut.- 
 Colonel Grimes, Major Kelsey (since Major 
 Rogers), Captains BL-then, Munney, Biscoe, 
 Rogers, Wilks (slain at Basing, now Captain 
 Cadwell), Thomas Disney, and Sanders. He 
 was much influenced by Colonel Pickering in 
 favour of the numerous lay preachers of his day, 
 but changed his opinion on this point after 
 Colonel Pickering's death. He disapproved of 
 the King's execution, but held several important 
 offices under the Commonwealth. In " A Nar- 
 rative of the late Parliament (so-called)"' we 
 read as follows of Colonel Montagu and several 
 others who played a prominent part at Basing: — 
 
 " Colonel Montagu, as one of the Council, 
 1000/. per annum ; Commissioner of the 
 Treasury, 1000/. ; as General-at-Sea, 1000/. ; 
 in all, 300;")/. per annum. 
 
 " Sir Gilbert Pickering, as one of the Council, 
 1000/. per annum : Chamberlain ai Court, and 
 Steward at AVestminster. 
 
 '' Lord Lisle, as one of the Commissioners of 
 the Great Seal, iDOil/. per annum. 
 
 "Sirllardress AValler, as Major General of the 
 Army, 30.')/. ; Colonel of Foot, 30;")/. ; in all, 
 7;50/. per annum, besides other advantages." 
 
 In a list of " Persons not thought meet to be 
 in command, though they much desire it, and 
 are of such poor principles and so unfit to make 
 rulers of that they would not have been set 
 with the dogs of the flock, as Job speaks in 
 another ease (Job xxx., 1), if the Army and 
 others who pretended to be honest had kept close 
 to tlieir former good and honest principles,"
 
 226 
 
 Coi-oNKi,s IIammonli and IIakkison. 
 
 mention is mado of "Colonel Jephsun, a man 
 of bettor principles than the lormur, but lor 
 his good service in voting for a King (Crom- 
 well^, is lately sent Ambassador to Sweden." 
 
 Colonel John I'ickering was a man of small 
 stature. 'J'he celebrated Hewson was his Lieut. - 
 Colonel. The other officers of this regiment 
 were, in 10^7, MajorJubbs, Captains Axtel, 
 Husbands (now Captain Grimes), Toppington, 
 Carter, Silverwood, and Price. Of Colonel 
 Pickering, Sir Samuel Luke, so satirised in 
 Hudibras, thus writes to the Earl of Essex 
 after the storming of Hilsden House : — " We 
 had no officer killed or hurt, save only Colonel 
 Pickering, and that only a little struck Under 
 the chin with a musket ball. But, thanks be 
 to God, he was dressed before I came away, and 
 was very merryand clieerful." 
 
 Sprigge has an anagram — "In God I reckon 
 happines — Johannes Pickering," together with 
 some bad verses on the death of Colonel Picker- 
 ing, which was caused by an epidemic which 
 scourged Fairfax's army at the close of the 
 year 1(346. Colonel Pickering was reckoned 
 one of the bravest and best officers in the army, 
 and his death was very generally deplored. Sir 
 Hardress Waller was concerned in the publica- 
 tion of the Army Manifesto in 1647, and two 
 years later was one of the Regicides. At the 
 Restoration he was brought to trial, 
 and received sentence of death, but 
 was not executed. The officers of his 
 regiment were Lieut. -Col. Cottesworth, Major 
 Smith, Captains Howard, Wade, Ashe, Gorges, 
 Clark, Thomas, and Hodden. The three cavalry 
 regiments were those of Colonels Hammond, 
 Fleetwood, and Sheffield. Colonel Robert 
 Hammond was the second son of Robert 
 Hammond, Esq., of Chertsey, in Surrey, and 
 was born in 1621. He spent three years at 
 Oxford, but left without a degree. He has been 
 w^ll described as being " the nephew of two 
 uncles," one of whom. Dr. Henry Hammond, 
 was the favourite chaplain of the King, while 
 the other, Thomas Hammond, had formerly 
 commanded the 4Uth troop of horse, was now in 
 1645 Lieut.-General of the Ordnance in the 
 •ervice of the Parliament, and was afterwards 
 one of the Regicides. Influenced by these two 
 relatives, and by his wife, who was a daughter 
 of John Hampden, Hammond's views were 
 somewhat undecided. His uncle, Thomas 
 
 Hammond, induced him to serve the Parliament 
 in 1642, and obtained for him commissions, 
 first as captain, and aitcrwards as major, under 
 Col. Edward Massey at the siege ol Gloucester. 
 He here killed Major Gray lor giving him the 
 lie, but was acquitted by a Council of War in 
 the Lord General's army. He was wounded at 
 the first battle of Newbury, and was " shot 
 with a brace of bullets in the arm " at Bristol, 
 in September, 1646. He also took part in the 
 second battle of Newbury, and greatly distin- 
 guished himself at Bristol. We shall hear more 
 of him at Basing. Cromwell used to wiite to 
 him as " Dear Robin." Die officers of his regi- 
 ment were, in 1647, Lieut. -Col. Tiiomas Eure, 
 Major Sanders, Captains Disney. Charn, Smith, 
 John Boyce, I'uckle, Stratlon. and Rolfe. 
 
 Colonel Charles Fleetwood was the son of Sir 
 William Fleetwood, cupbearer to Charles I., and 
 comptroller of Woodstock-park. He was 
 appointed Governor of Bristol after its surrender 
 to Fairfax, in 1646, did good service as Lieut.- 
 General of horse at Worcester fight, on Sept. 
 3rd, 1661, commanded in Ireland, and married 
 Ireton's widow. He aided the Restoration, and 
 died in 1692. When he became Goveiuor of 
 Bristol, Major Harrison succeeded him in com- 
 mand of his regiment, every trooper in which 
 was armed with pistols. The other officers 
 were, in 1647, Captams Coleman, Laughton, 
 Zanchy, and Howard. 
 
 Here is a picture of Harrison and his troop in 
 1648 : "Another troop of horse was in good 
 order drawn up between Alresfordand Farnham, 
 by which His Majesty passed. It was to bring 
 up the rear. In the head of it was the captain 
 gallantly mounted and armed ; a velvet monteir 
 was on his head, a new butt' coat upon his back, 
 and a crimson silk scarf about his waist, richly 
 fringed, who, as the King passed him by an easy 
 pace as delighted to see men well horsed and 
 armed, the captain gave the King a bow with 
 his head all a soldade, which His Majesty 
 requited." Asking who the officer was, and 
 being informed that he was Major Harrison, 
 " the King immediately turned round, and looked 
 at him so long, and so attentively, that the 
 major, confused, retired behind the troops to 
 avoid his scrutiny. ' That man," said Charles, 
 ' looks like a true soldier, I have some judgment 
 on faces, and feel I have harboured wrong 
 thoughts of him.' " Harrison escorted the King
 
 HuciH Peters. 
 
 227 
 
 through Farnham and Bagshot, to Windsor. 
 He was afterwards one of the Refjicides, and on 
 April 'jrth, 105.3, said to Speaker Lenthall : 
 
 " Sir. I will lend you a hand" to leave the 
 chair at the dissolutionofthf Rump Parliament, 
 being as ho was in command of " some twenty 
 or thirty" grim musketeers. A member of the 
 Council of State on Xovember 1st, of the same 
 year, he was the leader of the Anabaptists and 
 Fifth Monarchy men. Imprisoned by Cromwell, 
 he was put to death at the Restoration. "Several 
 times he cried out as he was drawn along, that 
 he suffered in the most glorious cause in the 
 world ; " and when a low Avretch asked him 
 " Where's your good old cause now ? " he replied 
 " Here it is ! " clapping his hand on his heart, 
 " and I am going to seal it with my blood ! " He 
 was cut down alive, his bowels torn out whilst 
 he was alive, and then his quivering heart hold 
 up to tlie people ! An heroic man in truth ! 
 
 Col. Thomas Sheffield was a younger son of 
 the Earl of Mulgrave. His regiment was in 
 1644 composed as follows : Colonel Sheffield's 
 troon. 1 1 officers and 84 troopers ; Captain 
 Sheffield's. 10 officers and 70 troopers ; Captain 
 Haglcs', 10 officers and 70 troopers ; Captain 
 Fynncs' troop, 11 officersand 71 troopers ; Captain 
 Robotham's, officers and Ct?> troopers ; Captain 
 Wogone's troop, 10 officers and. ")8 troopers. In 
 all, 01 officers and 414 troopers. The officers of 
 this regiment in 1047 were Colonel Thomas 
 Sheffield, Major Findler, Captains Robotham, 
 Rainsborouirh. Martin, and Evelyn. Colonel 
 Sheffield's standard bore the device of an armed 
 horseman, with the motto " Deo Duce, Nil 
 Desperandnm." 
 
 Captain Richard Deane, who was afterwards 
 killed in a naval engagement against the Dutch, 
 was Comptroller of the Ordnance. (See his 
 "Life," Longmans and Co., 1870.) ''Master 
 Hugli Peters,Chaplainto the Train of Artillery," 
 must not be forgotten. He was "a man concern- 
 ing whom," siys Carlyle, " t"ie reader has heard 
 80 many falsehoods." Rorn at Fowey, in Corn- 
 wall, h" was puldicly whipped and expelled from 
 the University of Cambridge, and was obliged 
 to leave England, having been prosecuted by a 
 butcher in St. Sepulchre's parish for supplant- 
 ing him in the atTections of his wife. After 
 some years spent in HoHand and America, he 
 returned to London in 1 04 1 , and became chaplain 
 to Lord Brooke's regiment. Ho was the very 
 pontiff of burlesque pulpiteers, and was inde- 
 
 fatigable in stirring up the hatred of the soldiers 
 against the King, whom he styled " Barabbas," 
 comparing the army to Christ I In Ireland 
 '" he led a brigade against the rebels, and came 
 off with honour and victory." He counselled 
 tile destruction of Stonehenge, said that the 
 sword contained all the laws of England, and at 
 Xaseby rode from rank to rank " with a Bible 
 in one hand and a pistol in the other," oxhorting 
 the men to do their duty. At the siege of 
 Bridgewater he " improved the Sunday as much 
 by Mars as Mercury." Clarendon calls hira 
 " the ungodlj' confessor," who contrived •' the 
 woeful tra'/edy" of the two Hothams. He 
 was constantly employed to carry despatches 
 anuounr'iug various vi -torios. The Royalists 
 called him "the e clesi isti al newsmonger." 
 He had a few days before received .') '/. for 
 bringing " the good news" of the surrender of 
 Winchester. Here is a specimen of one of his 
 sermons : " He took for his text, ' Bind your 
 Kings with chains, and your Nobles in fetters 
 of iron.' Beloved, said he. this is the last 
 Psalm but one. and the next Psalm hath six 
 verses and 1_* Hallelujahs — praise ye the Lord. 
 And for what V Look into my text ! There 
 you have the reason for it. Because the Kings 
 were bound in chains !" Such were the pulpit 
 utterances of an Army Chaplain of the first 
 class two centuries ago I Peters was one of the 
 chief instigators of the execution of the King, 
 which afterwards cost him his head on October 
 10th, 10(5 t. Some have said that he was one of 
 the masked executioners of Charles I. The fol- 
 lowing epigram shows what the Cavaliers thought 
 of him. Dunn was the public executioner. 
 
 " BchoM. the last and best edition 
 
 Of Hush, the author of sedition. 
 
 So full of errors, 't was not fit 
 
 To read, 'ill Dunn corrected it. 
 
 Rut nuw 'tis perfect — ay. aud more, 
 
 'Tis hotter hound than 'twas bctore. 
 
 Now lovalty mav jjladly sing, 
 
 Exit reholliou in a string ; 
 
 ,\nd if you say. you say amiss. 
 
 Hu.:;h now an Iiidrpencfent is!" 
 After suppnssing the Clubmen near Winchester, 
 Colonels Norton and Harrison joined Cromwell's 
 brigade, and now let " Perfect Passages," of 
 October Ist, speak : — 
 
 " Lieut. -General Cromwell came before Win- 
 chester on the last Lord's Day at night, and 
 with him a party of horse and foot, viz., of 
 horse his own regiment, Colonel Sheffield's regi-
 
 228 
 
 CK(>M\vi;i,r, Summons WiNt iikstkk. 
 
 ment, Colonel Fleotwood's and Colonel Norton's 
 regiments, with some horse taken out of several 
 other rogiinoiits to m;ike them complete, 2000 
 liorsc ; ami of foot, Colonel Montague's regi- 
 ment. Colonel Pickering's, and Colonel Waller's. 
 Three regiments of foot." 
 
 Some of Colonel Okey's Dragoons were 
 amongst the horse taken from other regiments. 
 They had done the Parliament good service 
 hy lining L:tntford hedges at Naseby Fight. 
 Their officers were Colonel Okcy. Major IMoore, 
 Captains Mercer, Abbotts, Farrc, Bridge, 
 Woggan, Shirmager, Captain Turpin (since 
 Captain N'eale). Col. Okey was afterwards sur- 
 rendered to the English Government, and 
 executed in a most barbarous manner, the prin- 
 cipal witness against him being a former chaplain 
 to his regiment, named Downing. 
 
 Cromwell writes as follows " To the Right 
 Honourable Sir Thomas Fairfax, General of 
 the Parliament's Army, these : — 
 
 "Winchester, 6th October, 1645. 
 
 "Sr, — I came to "Winchester on the Lord's 
 Day, the 28th of September, with Colonel 
 Pickering, commanding his own, Colonel Mon- 
 tague's, and Sir Hardress "Waller's regiments. 
 After some dispute with the Governor, we 
 entered the town."' 
 
 As soon as he arrived, Cromwell wrote to 
 Mr. "William Longland, the Mayor, demanding 
 admission into the city, and received a speedy 
 answer : — 
 
 '• Sir, — I come not to this City but with a full 
 resolution to save it and the Inhabitants thereof 
 from mine. I have comaunded the Souldyers 
 upon paj-ne of death that noe wrong bee done, 
 wch I shall strictly observe, only I expect you 
 give me entrance into the City, wthout ncces- 
 sitateing mee to force my way, wich yf I doe, 
 then it will not be in my power to save you or 
 it. I expect yor answeare wth in halfean houre, 
 and i"est Your servant, 
 
 Sept. 28th, 1645. Oliver Cko.mwf.ll. 
 
 Five o'clock at night. To the IMayor of the 
 City of "Winchester." 
 
 The answer to the said letter : — " Sr, — I have 
 received yor Letter by yor Trumpett, and in 
 the behalf of the Citizens and Inhabitants 
 return you hearty thanks for yor favourable 
 expression therein. But wth all I am to 
 signifie unto you that the delivry up of the 
 City is not in my power, it being under the 
 comand of the right hoble. the Lord Ogle, who 
 
 hath the millitary Govcrmt. thereof. In the 
 mean tymc I .shall use my best endeavour with 
 the Lord Ogle to perform the contents of yor 
 letter concerning the City, and rest 
 Your most humble servant, 
 
 "Wm. Lonoi.am), Mayor. 
 
 Winton, Sept. 28, 1645." 
 The garrison was prepared for vigorous resist- 
 ance. The " True Informer" stated on October 
 4th, 1645, " The enemy disputed, the city being 
 fortified as well as the Castle, but the gate being 
 fired our men entered." The '' Exact Journal" 
 wrote on October 7th, " The city made some 
 opposition, contrary to his expectation, but 
 having fired the bridge he quickly found a 
 means to enter and subdue it." Another 
 writer says, " Wee'l now come to "Winchester. 
 "When Lieut. -General Cromwell came before it 
 he found the town fortified, and the enemy 
 upon their works. Here was found short dis- 
 pute before entred, yet not long, but the enemy 
 was driven off, and fled to the Castle, which our 
 men close begirt, and have sunk two miiies, and 
 began their batteries."' The besiegers entered 
 the city on the morning of Monday, September 
 29th, " with the townsmen's consent we have 
 cooped up in the Castle 120 horse and 400 foot, 
 and all the malignant gentrj' and clcrgj- of this 
 Hampshire and Sussex, with manj- Papists and 
 Jesuits. It is hoped the Parliament will give 
 order these great delinquents shall trouble thera 
 no more !'' 
 
 On "Wednesday, October 1st. 1615, we read, 
 '' This day by letters from "Winchester wo under- 
 stood that at General Cromwell's first coming 
 against Winchester, having notice that Doctor 
 Kirl. Bishop of that diocese, was in the city, 
 sent to him, and proffered that in respect to hia 
 cloth (if he pleased) he should have liberty to 
 come out of the town, and he would protect 
 him from violence ; which the Bishop not 
 accepting of, our men soon after forced their 
 passage into the city, and the Bishop fled into 
 the Castle, with the souldiers. The next day, 
 when our battery was placed, the Bishop was so 
 far awakened in his judgment by the thunder- 
 ing of the cannon that he sent a message to 
 Lieut. -General Cromwell to this effect, ' That 
 the Bishop was sorry that he had not accepted 
 of Lieut. -General Cromwell's former proffer, 
 and being better advised, did now desire the 
 benefit thereof, &c.' Unto which answer was 
 returned that he had refused the former proffer,
 
 WiN( Hi:sTKK Castm; Besieckd. 
 
 •J't 
 
 and was gona with the soldiers into the Castle ; 
 he was not capable of that favour, and in case 
 ho were taken in the Castle ho was to be 
 esteemed a pri.soner of war. and just now (the 
 batteries being raised) he liable to such con- 
 ditions as the 1 est of tlioso that were in the 
 Castle sliould be Ijrouglit unto I" 
 
 Tlie •" Parliament's Post" thus raoialises on 
 Tuesday, De> ember 7th : " The Bisliop, who 
 had l)c;'orc a guard to scjum; his person (with 
 certain conditions), is now like to partiko 
 amongst tliem in tlic coninif>n distress. There 
 is but little liappinc.ss to be expected from late 
 repentance I" 
 
 Hugh Peters, Cromwell's chaplain, reports 
 that amongst the prisoners taken at AVinclie.-ter 
 were '* also Dr. Curie, the Bishop of Winches- 
 tor .... and ills chaplain, who were in 
 their long gowns and cassocks." The Bishop 
 and his '.lergy were referred to the meicy of 
 t,he Parliament. Ur. Milner tolls us that Bisliop 
 Curio retired unmolested, tliough he lost his 
 whole income. lie lived on the charity of 
 friends, more especially t lat of liis .sister, at 
 wlioso house at Siberton he died in l(j')0. " A 
 reverend prelate, who resided amidst his flock, 
 even in tlieso days of danger and troul)le, and 
 quitted not his cliarge, until he was suffered no 
 longer to continue in it." 
 
 Winclioster Castle stood upon tlic site of the 
 present Barracks, and the County Hall, tlio 
 pride of the slure, was formerly a portion of it. 
 In the County Hall hangs what is called 
 " Arthurs Routid Table," made of stout oak 
 planks and perforated by many bullets, wliich 
 are said to have been fired by Cromwell's soldiers. 
 The picturestjue West (late is now the principal 
 remnant of the ancient defences of tlie city but 
 until 18J4 the picturesque ruins of the city wall, 
 intermingled with shrubs and ash trees, claimed 
 the attention of every stranger. Running 
 directly north from tlie West Gate, it retained 
 in many jil lees its original height, the ruins of 
 several turrets, and its copings of freestone. 
 Beneath tliis wall was the ditch or fosse, which 
 extended as far as the .North Gate, under the 
 palace of Henry II., and was originally a stew 
 for the King's fish. The entire site is now 
 covered with houses. 
 
 The weather,as we shall presentlj .see,favoured 
 the besiegers, being unusually fine for tlio time 
 of year. Cromwell writes: " 1 summoned the 
 Castle ; was denied, whereupon we fell to pre- 
 
 pare batteries — which we could not perfect 
 (some of our guns being out of order) until 
 Friday following. Our battery was six guns, 
 which being finished — after firing one round 
 I .sent in a s -cond summi>ns for a treaty, which 
 was refused." 
 
 " On Saturday last, October 4th, Lieut nant- 
 General Cromwell was in a posture o " pirlying 
 witli Cal.Ogle,fi)r surrender of Winch' 'sterCastle, 
 Lieutenant-General Cromwell liaving planted 
 his morter-pieco and great annon a^Minst the 
 Castle, and one party at St. Thomas's ^'oing to 
 the Minster and another at St. Lawrence, as 
 also good strength on both the battle sides." 
 
 Hii'^h Peters says that '"at the first Sir 
 William Oagle, Governor of tlie (Jaslle (lately 
 made a Lord by his Majesty), refused upon 
 suinmons to accept of any parly at all." 
 
 The follf)wing reply was returned to Crom- 
 well's second summons to surrender : " .Sir, — 
 I iiave received a sad summon.s, and desire that 
 this inclosed may l)c conveyed from 
 Your servant, 
 Winton Castle, 4th October, IMi). 0(:i,K." 
 
 "Sir, — L^pim the opening of j-onrsad message 
 by 3'our drum, thciv was a mistake between 
 your men and mine, for there was a man making 
 an escape from the Castle, at whom your men 
 and mine diil shoot, not knowing in the dark 
 who be was. and the man is kill>d. Ocm:." 
 
 The besiegers' batteries opened fin- on the 
 morning of Saturday, Octoljcr 4tli, and erelong 
 Sir William Ogle hauled down the rod flag 
 which had been hoisted as a token of defiance, 
 •'and a treaty was going on for surrend -r, but 
 just ill tiie nick of time cain<- the convoy into 
 Lieutenant-General Cromwell, from Reading, 
 wiiich the enemy seeing (having ha 1 a promise 
 of reliefs) hung out the red flag again and would 
 not treat, whereupon Lieut. -General Cr.imwoU 
 prepared to storm. Sir Win. Wall r cuneto 
 Winchester with tiie convoy, and was that night 
 with tlie General." 
 
 Sunday, October ;')tli, must have been an 
 exciting day in Wiiuliester. Says Hugh Peters: 
 "The Lord's Day wi- spent in preaching and 
 prayer, whilst our guns were battering." Other 
 accounts say : '• Thereupon our forces began to 
 play with the cannon, and played six continually, 
 one after anotlier, as fasttliey could charge and 
 discharge, and made 'JdO cannon shot in one 
 day against the Castle." The garrison wore not 
 idle, for,according to Hugh Peter8,"Tho chiefest
 
 230 
 
 HOMHAKOMI.NT. 
 
 street of the town the enemy played upon, 
 wliereby divers passen'jjers were wounded and 
 sonic killed ; in which street my ([Uirters being, 
 I have that cause to bless God for my preserva- 
 tion." Either upon the Saturday or the Sunday 
 " a broach was made, the enemy sallied out, and 
 beat us off from our <;un8, which were soon 
 recovered a<,'ain." Shell-practice was evidently 
 very eflfei tive on this eventful Sunday. 
 
 " The flag was hanged out on Sunday, oth 
 October instant, the enemy being confident that 
 a party was come to relieve them ; we t)irew 
 granado 's into the House, which broke down 
 the mansion house in many places, cutt off a 
 Commiss ry of theirs by the thighs, the most 
 austere and wretched instrument in that 
 country, and at last blew up their flag of defiance 
 into the air, and i.ore the pinnacle in pieces upon 
 which it slood." 
 
 Hugh Peters' account is, " They threw in 
 granadoes whii h did very much good execution; 
 one of them broke into the great hall and killed 
 three men. and another beate the red flag of 
 defiance which the enemy had hung out all to 
 
 Eieces, so that none could discerne what 
 ecame of it." 
 
 " Summons was i-efused And 
 
 another summons God sent them in the middle 
 of our battery ; his (Lord Ogle's) Lady (to 
 whom our Lord Genei-al had given leave tc come 
 forth, and had gone some miles nut of the town), 
 died ; by whom the Governor had during her 
 life one thousand pounds a year with her, lost 
 by her death." 
 
 The end of all this artillery practice was that 
 Lieutenant-General Cromwell played hard 
 against them with his great ordnance, and 
 battered the house in many places, amongst the 
 rest one breach (near the Black Tower) was so 
 wide that 30 men miglit go in abreast, and then 
 the enemy cried out '* A parley, a parley, for 
 the Lord's sake. O for God's sake grant a 
 parley ; articles, articles, let us have articles, 
 for God's sake ; we will yield to any reasonable 
 articles ; will you not hear us for a parley?" 
 •'Indeed, the guns played so fast, and the business 
 was so well followed. that we could not well hear 
 them, and they, perceiving what a strait they 
 were in. and how the hon.se began to tumble 
 upon their heads, thought that we should pre- 
 sently enter, and that they sliould be all killed." 
 One account says that this request for a parley 
 was made on Monday night, but Cromwell him- 
 
 self says, "We wont on with our work, and made 
 a breach in the wall near the lilack Tower; 
 whicli. after about 200 shot, we thoutrht 
 stormable ; and purposed on ^londay morning 
 to attempt it. On Sunday night, about ten of 
 the (lock, the Governor beat a parley, desiring 
 to treat.'" 
 
 Mr. Francis Baigent, of Winchester, says. 
 " The position of the tower designated the 
 Black Tower is unknown. It could not have 
 been the one at the ba -k of the County H'lll.as 
 in an old lease I have seen it mentioned by 
 another name. The Black Tower was probably 
 one near the old drawbridge, or south of it." 
 
 Lord Ogle thus requested a parley : — 
 
 " Sir, — I have received formerly a letter from 
 you, wherein you desire to avoid the effusion of 
 Cliristian blood, to whi h you received my 
 answer that T was as willing as yourself. But 
 having received no reply (to advance) your 
 desires, I have thought fit to desire a treaty 
 whereby we might pitch up some means, b'^th 
 for the elTecling op that, and the preservation 
 of this place. And that I may receive your 
 letter with all convenience,! desire that neither 
 officer or soldier' of your party may come off 
 their guards, and T shall take the like coarse 
 with mine. Sir. I am. 
 
 Your humble servant. Ooi.K. 
 
 Winton Castle, at eight at night. 
 October 5, 164.5. ' 
 
 "Mercurius Britannicus.'' September 29 to 
 October 6, 164.'), speaks thus: — 
 
 " The two famous names of Fairfax and 
 Massey united are a sure charm for victory. 
 Put Cromwell in too, and then 'tis infallible. 
 The people of Wmchestcr know it well enough, 
 and therefore they in the Ca?tle cried a parley, 
 and if that end not the difference, the next cry 
 must be quarter." 
 
 Cromwell hereupon despatched Colonel Ham- 
 mond and ALajor Harrison to draw up Articles 
 of Surrender, with Sir Edward Ford, the 
 Royalist High Sheriff of Sussex, and a Mijorof 
 the garrison. The whole nitrht was spent in 
 negotiations, the victors wishing to secure Sir 
 Edward Ford and Colonel Bennet as prisoners. 
 The following terms were agreed upon : Lord 
 Ogle was to deliver the Castle with all the 
 ordnance, arms, and ammunition therein to 
 the appointed ofiicers, " without any embezzle- 
 ment, waste, or spoil," at 3.0 p.m. on Monday.
 
 L(mi' Ogle Sukrkndkks. 
 
 231 
 
 October lith. Tliut the Governor and other 
 officers should march forth with thoir arms only. 
 That Lord Ogle should have his own colours, 
 lUO lix'jd arms for his own guard, and 100 men 
 to carry them as far as Woodstock. Hostages 
 were to bo given for the safe return of tliis 
 convoy. Tliat all the common soldiers should 
 depart without their arms. Lord Ogle and all 
 commissioned otiicers to have tafe conveyance 
 with liorses, arms, and goods as far as Wood- 
 stock, six carriages being allowed to them. Di-. 
 Curie, the Bishop of NVinchester, and all the 
 Cantory to Ijc referred to the mercy of the Par- 
 liament. All olhcers, gentlemen, clergymen, 
 and i:diabit:ints of the city of Winchester, and 
 all ollicers within the guards, desiring it, may 
 be, at their own time, free from all violence anil 
 injury of the Parliament's forces. And tlie 
 Castle being Sir William Waller's, tlie Liut.- 
 General delivered it into his possession by the 
 ArticL'S of Suriemler, bearing date October .Oth. 
 
 " What remained of the Castle," siys a 
 modem writer, " was conferred by the Parlia- 
 ment upon Sir William Waller, one of tlieir 
 partisans and geiier.ils. lie was also brother-in- 
 law to Sir Henry Tichborne, its real owner, 
 who was in it during the siege, whose otlier 
 property as well as tliis they had previously 
 conliscated. Either this Sir William, or his st)n 
 of the same name, sold the hall to certain 
 feoffees for the purpose of a public hall for the 
 county of Hants, and tlie rest of the Castle to 
 the Corporation of Wiucliester." 
 
 On one point both Puritans and Cavaliers 
 quite agreed, viz., that the defence was not as 
 vigorous as it migiit have been. Tiie Castle 
 was '• very well garrisoned," says Guthrie. "It 
 surrendered on easy conditions, " according to 
 Clarendon. Wood thinks tliat it " was 
 treaciierously given up," and it was •' likewise 
 delivered on composition' siys '• Ilusticus." 
 
 Cromwell writes tiius to General Fairfax : — 
 
 " Sir, — This is the addition ot anotlior mercy. 
 You see God is not weary in doing you good. I 
 confess, Sir, His favour to you is as visible when 
 He comes by His power upon the hearts of 
 your enemies, making them ijuit places of 
 strengtli to you, as when He gives courage to 
 your soldiers to attempt hard things. His 
 goodness in tliis is much to be acknowledged ; 
 for the Castle was well manned witli tjS ) horse 
 and foot, there being near "JOU gentlemen, 
 officers, and theii' servants, well victualled with 
 
 lOcwt. of cheese, very great store of wheat aad 
 beer, near JO barrels of powder, seven pieces of 
 cannon ; the works were exceeding good ami 
 strong, it's very likely it woulu have cost 
 much blood to have gained it by storm. Wo 
 have not lost 1- men. This is repeated to you 
 that God may have all the praise, for it's all 
 His due. Sir, I rest your most humble seivaut, 
 Oi.ivi.K Ckomwli.l. 
 
 Winchester, Gth October, 1G45."' 
 
 Hugh Peters took mental notes of all that 
 passed. Ho says : " I was foi ihwitli sent into 
 the Castle to take a view of it. . . . Whore 
 I found a piece of ground improved to the best 
 advantage, for wtien we had entered by our 
 battery (or breach) we had six di.stinct works 
 and a <lrawbridy;e to pass through, so that it 
 was dt)ubtless a very strong piece, very well 
 victualled. The Casllc was manned witii near 
 Too men, divers of tiiem lleiormadoes ((jUicors 
 whose regimenis had been disbanded; ; the chief 
 men I saw there wore Viscount Ogle . . . 
 Sir John Pawlet, an old souldier ; .>ir William 
 Courtney, and Colonel Bennett, alsi> Dr. Curie, 
 the Bisnop of Winchester, . . . and his 
 chaplain, who were in their long gowns and 
 cassocks." 
 
 •• There were in the Castle To i men, officers 
 and common soldiers. Tliere was a great wall 
 where the breach was made, which our forces 
 must have entered, and three works, eacli higher 
 than the otlier, before they couLl have taken the 
 Castle ; and l)y the judgment of knowing aud 
 experienced soldiers, tiiey had made it the 
 strongest architect (i.e., building) for that 
 purpose, that the like is not in England ; we 
 lost not above two men in all the li.iie of the 
 playing so tiercely that day, nor about IJ or 14 
 in all the siege before it, whi(-li is to be lookt 
 upon a great mercy." 
 
 The victors found in the Castle plenty of 
 ammunition and provisions. Tiioy secured "lour 
 great pieces of ordnance, throe le.ss pieces, 17 
 barrels of powder, 'JOUOlb. wciglit of musket 
 bullets, HO.cwt. of match, TOO muskets (iOO 
 lire-arms), 20) pikes, iialb ids, and other 
 weapons, 200 p.iirs of bandoliers, 100 horses, 
 l,">,000lb. weight of cheese, SO dbs. of butter, 
 either 40 or 1 IS quarters of whwit and meal, 
 TOO dbs. of biskels, ;kl loads of wo()d, 40 
 quarters of charcoal, iio bushels of sea-coal for 
 the smith, four (juarters of beef, ready killed, 
 and much powdered, 3d hogsheads of beef and
 
 532 
 
 Booty ani> Sroi i,. 
 
 pork, 14 sheep, great store of (20 bushels) oat- 
 meal, 1(1 tun (qrs.) of salt, three or four liogs- 
 heada of Fr-nch wines, 1J2 hogsheads of strong 
 beer, 7tl dozen candles, with divers (crucifixes 
 and Popish pictures." The surrender was 
 delayed by the revelry of the vancjuished 
 Cavaliers. " Our men were to enter at ci<,'ht of 
 the clock the next mornin?, but they could not 
 take possession till two in the afternoon, by 
 reason the Governor and some of the officers, 
 beiny unwilling to leave any wine behind them, 
 had made themselves drunk." " 700 men 
 marched out of the Castle, and A'^iscount Osrle 
 as drunk as a bcL'gnr." Hugh Peters said in 
 the House of Commons : *' Mr. Speaker, I cam 
 from Winchester the last night late, but I had 
 come sooner had not mj' Lord OlMc and his 
 company been so unwilling to part with their 
 sack and strong beer, of which they diank so 
 liberally at their farewell that few of them, as 
 it is their manner, ( ould get up their horses 
 without help, for the agreement was for their 
 marcliincr out at three oMock, but it proved 
 late throu'ih their debauchery." 
 
 Nearly 7iiO men. divers of them Rcformadoes, 
 marched out of the Ca.stle, amongst whom were 
 Viscount Ol'Ic. the Governor, Sir John Pawlot, 
 an old soldier, !^ir William Courtney, Colonel 
 Bennet, nnd Dr. Cuile, Bishop of Winchester, 
 "who came forth to our quarters in the morn- 
 ing," and with whom Hugh Peters " spent an 
 hour or two, who with t':ars and murh impor- 
 tunity desired the Lieut. -General's favour to 
 excuse his not accepting the oflfer which he made 
 unto him at his fiist entering tie town ; tie 
 desired of me a guard to his lodgings, lest the 
 soldiers should use violence to him and his Chap- 
 lain, who were in their long gowns and cassocks, 
 and he was accordingly safely convej-ed home." 
 Some of the departing Cavaliers both at Win- 
 chester and at Longford House complained of 
 having been plundered by the soldiers, contrary 
 to the articles of surrender. The stolen pro- 
 perty was restored to its owners, and six 
 troopers were convicted of the robbery at 
 Blandford. One to whose lot it fell was 
 executed next morning at the head of the army. 
 He died very penitently, and his execution made 
 a deep impression on his comrades. The five 
 others were marched under escort to Oxford, and 
 there handed over to the Governor, Sir Thomas 
 Glemham, who sent them back, 'with an acknow- 
 ledgment of the Lieut. -General's nobleness. " 
 
 As the prisoners taken at .\lton took service 
 underWallenand fou.,'htde8p';rately against their 
 form'jr comrarlus at Arundel, so Cromwell gained 
 recruits at Wiu'-hester. "There went forth of 
 the Castle, besid^-s officers, (J )ii common soliiors, 
 most of w'lom either went to their own homos 
 or took up arms for the Parliament, so that it ia 
 thought the Governor will not have above one 
 hundred (-i'^O) with him by the tim^ ho 
 comes to his place of rendezvous (Woo Istock). 
 It did much alFect us to see what an enemy we 
 hvd to d^il with, who, th '.msflves being julgea, 
 could not choose but say that their God is not as 
 our God." 
 
 Cromwell at ou'je despatched Mr. Spavin, 
 the Lieut.-General's Secretary, and Hugh Peters, 
 Minister to the Army, with despatches to 
 London. Mr. Spavin, " thj messenger that 
 brought the good news, had .'j 7. giv n him by 
 the Commons. A very go >d work to rewar J all 
 men that do service." Intelligence of tho sur- 
 render rea bed Fairfax at Lym3 R^gis in 
 Dorsetshire. On his arriv il at Westmiaster the 
 Commons " forthwith called Mr. Peters iito 
 the House, who went in attended with tho 
 Serjeant-at Arms with the mac- before him, 
 w'.ien the Speaker (Lmthall), giving liim thanks 
 for his unwearie.l libours in the picservatio:i of 
 this kingdom, and assuring him that th.> Hoiiae 
 took care tor him who had so often brought 
 them good tidingsand haznrded himself soraui h, 
 told him that he h id liberty to speak freely what 
 he had in rommanl from the Lieut. -General. 
 Mr. Peters spake in the House," and from his 
 report many of the foregoing detiils hive boon 
 gathered. He added, "The fruit of whit is 
 already done, amongst the rest what I saw upon 
 the way : all sorts travelling freely upon their 
 occasions to their own homes with cariiagea 
 and wains, many inns filled with guest =!. The 
 former face of things rcturnimr upon us in 
 several kinds ; yea. now we may ride with safety 
 from Dover to the middle of Devonshire." Crom- 
 well had ordeied Peters to state certain facts, 
 so " that you should be truly informed concern- 
 ing the payment of the army, it being generally 
 reported they are completely paid, and that 
 army constantly enjoined to pay their quarters, 
 in which there hath been much care taken, and 
 by which much hath been gained upon the 
 countries. It is most certain that of 21 weeks 
 the horse are 12 weeks behind, and the foot have 
 likewise their proportion of sorrow through want
 
 Hi'oii Pktkrs at AVkstminstkk. 
 
 233 
 
 of pay. I know three score in one company lying 
 sick by eiiting of raw roots and green apples 
 through want of money to buy proper food." 
 Potens wished a committee of each county to 
 attend the army, in order to pay the Kolditrs 
 from the assessment levied on the several shires. 
 
 Winchester being the I'Jth garrison taken 
 that summer by the troops of Fairfax, " The 
 Ecclesiastical Newsmonger"' next asked for 
 recruits, complaining that " when we have been 
 promised and expected 40(1(1, we have received 
 but 9(0, and upon Friday last, when we were 
 promised 3U0l), and did not expect less, wo 
 received but 150II.'" This latter reinfon ement 
 was before mentioned as the convoy brought 
 from Reidingto Winchester by Waller. "It 
 miy bo easily conceived that such ati active 
 army needs be a great spender of men by sick- 
 ness and othorwi-e, though blessed be (xod it 
 appears at every siege the enemy's swords cut 
 not off many. At this of AVinehester, 1 know 
 not of above two or three soldiers lost. Your 
 recruits are so chargeable in the biinging to the 
 army, that with half the money the officers 
 would recruit themselves." Peters wished the 
 strength of the army to be raised to 21,()0U, and 
 spititu il provision to be made for the captured 
 towns. " In this I am the bolder, because of 
 the cries to me of the people in the pi ices where 
 I have been, and some of Winchester at my 
 departure crying for help with them of 
 Macedonia." 
 
 On October 14th Lieut. -Colnnel Philip 
 Lower, who had .so liravcly repulsed Goring at 
 Christchurch, was appointed Governor of Win- 
 chester while it nm lined a gairison for the 
 Pailiimont. Teriiblc was tlie havcc com- 
 mitted in WinehestcT after the surrender. 
 Large portions of the Castle and of the fortili- 
 cations were blown up. and, according to local 
 
 tradition, horses were stabled in the Cathedral, 
 whilst soldiers and others completed the 
 destruction begun when Waller and Hopton 
 held sway in ancient Winton (pp. 'I'J and 122). 
 The Regicide, Nicholas Love, son of Warden 
 Love, and one of the six clerks in Chancery, is 
 said to have done good service to the College 
 during these troublous times, as w<ll as Colonel 
 Nathaniel Fieiines'. eiewhile Captain of the 
 40th Troop of Horse for tlie Parliament. Wal- 
 cott records the gii't to the soldiers <>f (Joionel 
 Fiennes, in lti4:>. of 2'.!/. .'is. (Jd.. and he is also 
 Slid to hive placed a guard at the (Jolle,'e gite. 
 Warden Han is, who built the Infirm iry, 
 and who died on August 11th. ItJJ-f, was 
 described as being an orthodox divine and a fit 
 person to bj consultel by the Parliimont about 
 the r formation o ' Church government and the 
 LiturL'y. H ivin.j bo m ordered to preach before 
 the House of (jonrnons at St. Mir^arjt'a, 
 Westminster, ho e.x -used liimself on the ground 
 of having a weak voice. 
 
 On October Hth, l(i4.'>. the House of Com- 
 mons ordeie 1 W.iUer and the Committee for 
 Hants to CO isid jr "of the garrison andC.istlo 
 of Winchester, and also of Wo )lsey House, and 
 of Salisbury.'' The result of their deliberi- 
 tiona is unrecorded, but Wolvesjy P tlace, 
 which Leland describes as being " a castellc or 
 Palace w>.'ll tow'rd," speedily became the pic- 
 tures jue ruin which it has ever since rem lined. 
 
 Whothit dwells by Itchen side knows not 
 the great re lou'.jt eon-itructed by L )r,l Hoiton 
 (p. I2(!). but w li :h b.'ars for evermore the n ime 
 of tlie great sol licr who made himself master of 
 Winton, " Oliver's BiMery." 
 
 Hut t!ie fate of hitherto impregnable Basing, 
 nlian B.islin^, House was now trembling in the 
 bal inco 1
 
 CuAi'TKK XXX. — Basin(; and Langkokd in Dangkk — Skvkkit^ 11ix(im,mj;ndki) — Ckomvvkm-'s 
 Arrivai- — Tkkkijjlk Onns — A Rkconnaisanck — Basing Summom-.d — Sinday Bom- 
 
 IJAKDMKNT — Coi.ONKL HaMMONI) TaKKN — TlIK FaLL OF BASING — KiLI.KD. WoUSUED 
 
 AND PuisoNKRs — A Good Enooi ragkmknt — Piijlk Tu wksgiving. 
 
 Whilst Cromwell was constructing batteries 
 at Winchester Colonel Dalbier was vigorously 
 attacking the New House at Basing, but we 
 learn on October 4th that "Colonel D'Albere 
 hath made a great breach in Basing House, and 
 when forces come up as was promised, that he 
 may block them up round, he will storm, the 
 want whereof makes him think the task too 
 hard. " The "Parliament's Post" stated on 
 October 7th that the besiegers were " within 
 half musket shot of the breacli which he hath 
 made in the New House. His cannon play with 
 restless importunity upon it, and he hatii beaten 
 down a great part of the house." The writer 
 believed that the garrison would have surren- 
 dered before if they had not dnsaded hard usage, 
 being Roman Catholics. " Many of them, fear- 
 ing the sad effect of a sudden storm, are stolen 
 away, and are got into Wallingford Castle," 
 then lield by Sir Marmaduke Rawdon " but it 
 is not the stubbornness of them that stay, nor 
 the fear of those that fly that can long preserve 
 them." The journalist adds that having no 
 hope of relief, the King's garrisons hoped that 
 severe weather would " prove their best friend 
 for the raising of the sieges, but the fairness of 
 the weather conducing to the designs of the 
 Parliament, the besieged do begin to apprehend 
 that the war they manage is unrighteous, and 
 that Heaven doth, therefore, fight against them 
 aa well as men." On October 7th it Avas 
 reported to Parliament that Surrey had only 
 furnished 155 men out of a promised contin- 
 gent of 250 ; and that of 400 men from Sussex 
 only 260 had joined Fairfax's army. 200/. per 
 week was now voted for the garrisons of Ports- 
 mouth and South Sea Castle. 
 
 The surrender of Winchester sealed the fate 
 of Basing. From " Mercuriua Civicus" we 
 
 learn on October 8th that Cromwell had sent 
 8 )0 men to reinforce Dalbier, and that with 
 the rest of his brigade he intended to march 
 against Langford House, near Salisbury, and 
 from thence to rejoin the army under Fairfax. 
 Langford House had been ahead}' reported in 
 London as besieged on .September Joth, and was 
 falsely said on October 3rd to have been taken. 
 The " Moderate Litdligencer" said on Oct. 7th, 
 " They say there will be wagers laid that Basing 
 is taken before Langford. When both are 
 taken then the way is open, and passage for 
 trade clear, which is worth a little more than 
 thanks." On October 9th the " True Informer" 
 writes : " This day we understand the valiaat 
 little Colonel Pickering is set down before 
 Langford House, belonging to the Earl of 
 Coleraine, within four miles of Salisbury,' and 
 the next day brought another false report of the 
 capture of this steadfast ally of Basing. The 
 " Weekly Account," on October 8th, confirms 
 the expectation of reinforcements from Win- 
 chester at Basing. On October 9th it was 
 ordered that there should be sent from Windsor 
 Castle, to Chertsey Bridge, for service against 
 Basing, 100 whole cannon shot of 631 bs., 300 
 demicannon shot (English) of 32lbs.. 300 whole 
 culverin shot of islbs., 200 granado shells of 13 
 inches, 200 demiculverin shot of 9lbs., 50 granado 
 shells of 10 inches, and one great mortar piece," 
 and on the same day " there went several 
 carriages of ammunition and bullets, some of 63 
 pound weight, for tlie supply of the forces that 
 besiege that house." The " Kingdom's Weekly 
 Post" knew on October 15th that there are 
 " some great bullets gone unto Cromwell that 
 are six and thirty pounds in weight." The 
 garrison had either nine or ten guns of various 
 sizes, two of them being the culverin (18 pr.)
 
 Cromwkll Reaches Basinc;. 
 
 235 
 
 and the demiculverin (9 pv.). taken from Colonel 
 Norton during the former siege. ATter the 
 liouso was stormed " 20 barrels of powder and 
 match proportionable" remainel unexpended. 
 
 The "City Scout" makes merry on October 
 9th : '• Bazing is now closu blocked up, and the 
 country hope to come no more to petition 
 Dalbicr to keep tlioir sheep for them. Whilst 
 he makes his approaches, Ijicutonant-Gcneral 
 Cromwell maki-s his bitteri-s, and hopes to put 
 th(! fjord Marijuesse into the same posture that 
 Bishop Curie was in at Wiinhcstcr, and within 
 a few days you will hear that the House is as 
 broken as th" citizens that are in it." 
 
 The courigeof the besieged supported them 
 under all difficulties, for we are told by the 
 "Weekly Int«'lligencor." on October 14th: " A 
 day or two before Lieutenant-General Crom- 
 well's sotting down bsfore Basing House, the 
 enemy. being blockt only o' one side, sallied out 
 a good distance from the House, and fctcht in 
 4.') cows out of a gentleman's grounds adjacent 
 to the garri-ion. It is belii'vod that the Roystcrs 
 (Cavaliers) therein are well supplier! with pro- 
 visions, but the Lieutenant-General's int ntions 
 being to storm, it is hoped they will imitat'.' 
 their neighbours at Winchester Castle, and 
 accept of lairtermesin duo lime b''fore it l>e 
 too lit", for th it otherwise, many of t at 
 garrison beiu',' Papists, they are like to receive 
 little favour fiom the besiegers." 
 
 The " Moderate Intelligencer," on Oct. 9th, 
 recommends sjveiity : " Several forces arc 
 going and gone to assist the siege of Basing, 
 near 10 ) '. If we get that, there is good store 
 of wealth in it. It were not amiss to hold that 
 to hard meat ; it hath done so mu' h miscliijf. 
 One garrison dealt roundly with would fright 
 the rest into a more su Iden compliance. But 
 to say truth, to begin and take a place, and all 
 in a week, is not long woik. They have one as 
 skil ull at gr nadoes, who will make them fall 
 at a near phue according as desired." The 
 "City Scout" wiote on October 11th : " Lieut. - 
 General C:omwell goes on hopefully and truly 
 against Basing, and they within as resoluti' to 
 stand it out to the last man ; ihey are notalde 
 marksmen, and with their long pieces can take 
 a man at half head, asone would kill a sparrow." 
 The besieged siripped t e lead from the roofs 
 and turrets, and the Marchione.ss and lur ladies 
 cast it into bullets. 
 
 The " Scottish Dove," on Oct. lOth, was of 
 opinion that Cromwell had not sent more than 
 1000 men to reinforce Dalbier. 
 
 But now Cromwell himself came upon the 
 scene. Tlie manner of his arrival is thus de- 
 scribed by "Mercuiius Veridicus," on (Jet. 11th: 
 " The enemy bting marcht .away from 
 Winchester, and Sir William Waller put into 
 possession of his own Castle.it was .agreed upon 
 that we should march on Tuesday (October 7th) 
 towaids Basing, wliich we did accordingly, and 
 came to Alfiod that night. (Alresfoid. ten 
 miles from Winchester. Colonel Norton's home 
 was at the Old ]Manor Housi-. where he was 
 frequently visited by Cromwell.) The ne.xt 
 morning, about eight, our forlorne hope came 
 into Basingstolce (11 miles distance), and draw- 
 ing all our forces into a body in the field 
 betwixt Hackwood Park and Ba.singstoke, three 
 regiments of foot and two of horse were sent 
 througli the town, and drew up on the hill by 
 the hi,diway that leadeth to Andover. Tlie rest 
 of our forces kept on the other si Ic of the 
 rivjr, and drew up towards tiie Hou.se by the 
 Park, and Dalbier remained on tiie other .side, 
 where lie h.ad placed liis battery next to B.izing 
 Town.'' It is .s.ii 1 that Cromwell made u.se of 
 the oil camp ofWinklesbury Circle, between the 
 South-Westei n Riilway and Rook's Down, as a 
 surveying station fioin whence to deterniii-e his 
 best method of approach to tlie stubbornly 
 defend' d foi tress. Captain Richard Deano, 
 Comptroller of the Ordnance, directed the 
 aitillcry. "The great guns which Lieutcnant- 
 Generil Cromwell brought with him were 
 drawn up on the south-oast .side of the house." 
 
 The "Moiior ite Intelligencer" thus estimates 
 the opposing forces on Monday, October 1 3th. 
 "They lh.it write fiom Bazing say that Lieut. - 
 General Ciomwoll makes the number now 
 before it between six and seven thousand horse 
 ;md foot ; he brought with him five great guns, 
 two of them demi-' annons (30 pounders), one 
 whole cannon ((lO pounder). The enemy 
 within is (ouiitod Si)Of( ot and 200 hoi-se. Col. 
 Dalbiere is much <:1 idded at the Lieut. -General's 
 coming, he wanting men and guns. " The 
 number of the g.irii.son was in reality mudi 
 near riMOthau HlOO! Only ■'•00 against neaily 
 701 ! Teniijlo odds, indeed. As we shall pre- 
 sently see, tlie defences required a foiccof 
 from 800 to 1000 men. Many of the gallant
 
 ■IM 
 
 X lli;«()NNAi.s.s.\Nr;K. 
 
 3011 were only is, mul soino .scarcely 1- yiiars of 
 age ; priostH, clorgynion, woinon, sick, wouiulod, 
 and helpL'ss men were not wanliiiy. ft is 
 marvellous tliat tlio plice hoM out so Iohl; I 
 
 An attempt to relievo the garrison resulted in 
 failure. Alas I gallant Colonel Cra;j;o was taking 
 his rest in a soldiers grave, and Basing was left 
 to her fate. Hear the •• Weekly Intelligencer" 
 on October 14th : " Tlioy having now no liopeof 
 relief, either from HisMajcsty nor from Oxford. 
 The Oxford Roystcrs lately drew forth a p irty, 
 intended to attempt th^ir relief, but upon s-cond 
 thoughts they considered the difficulties of the 
 service, and went back again." 
 
 Things now began to look uncommonly serioust 
 and to m ike matters worse, shells from Dalbier's 
 batteries were far too plentiful. Col. Ludlow 
 says that Cromwell's batteries were placed on 
 the eastern side of Basing House. One of his 
 guns tlirew shot ot GlUbs. weight, and •' whole 
 cannons make wide breaches." As soon as Capt. 
 Deane had placed his mortars in position on the 
 south-east side of the house he opened fire. One 
 .shell "brake in theCountesse of Winchester"slodg- 
 ing.s.killed her waighting woman and her chamber 
 maid and some others, the Countess her.selfe 
 very narrowly escaping." To save licr life, the 
 Marchioness tried to escape before the besiegers 
 had finally dosed round the house on that event- 
 ful "Wednesday, October Sth. One account, given 
 by some deserters, was to the effect that " she 
 escaped quite out before the siege was close 
 laid." Another version is that she was captured, 
 duly exchanged, and then released. " The City 
 Scout" says : " On Saturday, October 11th. they 
 dealt ill with Cromwell to keep one of our men 
 back, when the Marquisse's Lady was released, 
 but the lady was stayed till all was properly per- 
 formed." Another account expressly states that 
 she escaped on Wednesday, October 8th. 
 
 •' The name of Lieut. -General Cromwell was 
 a terror to them; how much more will this unex- 
 pected presence be ? This is a profest Popish 
 garrison, wherein is good store of riches, and 
 if the Marquis surrender not quickly, and we 
 are put to storm, there is no doubt but our 
 souldiers will venture well for it." 
 
 As soon as Cromwell had arrived he and 
 Colonel Dalbier and the staff " rode round to 
 view the house, to see how to plant the ordnance. 
 A Cavalier of the garrison well mounted must 
 needs peep out to see, and bid welcome our new 
 
 supplies, whi<;h one of (Jromwell's seeing, and 
 not enduring to be star'd upon, rides up to him, 
 pistols him in tiic neck, and l»ring8 off my gen- 
 tleman and his horse. His liody was liuriod, 
 but not iiis clothes, for they were very good 
 ones." ('' Mod. Tntelligr.." Oct. IMth.) 
 
 From the " City Scout " of October 1 1th and 
 other sources we learn that Dalbier had made aa 
 good approaches, almost und'r their works, as 
 the strength of his force permitted. l-'or an 
 account of the defences see pp. 6-9. The 
 besiegers thought that the siege was protracted 
 on religious grounds, as indeed it probably was. 
 The "City Scout" on October II th said: "T 
 remember Winchester Castlo was as strong a 
 place as any in England, yet these being 
 Papists, it may be will stand out longer," and 
 the " Kingdom's W ekly Post,'" four d lys later, 
 said: "We are certainly informed that there are 
 mmy priests in Basing House, who knowing 
 how ill it would go with them if that place were 
 taken, do persuade the defendants to persevere in 
 their obstinacy, telling them that it is meri- 
 torious, and that if they die in the defence of 
 that place they shall be numbered in the cata- 
 logue of martyrs." It did inde .d fare ill with 
 Roman Catholic priests when ("roniwell and 
 Hugh Pcteis held sway in ruined liasing. 
 
 The recoil noitrintr party reported that the 
 enterpri.-5e was feasible, and forthwith Lieut. - 
 Gener.al (.Jromwell began his preparations to 
 open fire from his siege guns, which were planted 
 against the S.E. portion of the house, raising 
 several new forts and redoubts. " Col. Dalbier 
 continuing the battery which he had first begun 
 on that side of the New House next the church. 
 Our cannoneers shewed some excellent skill, and 
 lost few shot, and in the interim our horse and 
 foot stood entire, only some few. without com- 
 mand, rode down to the very walls and gave 
 fire upon the enemy." (Messengers" report to 
 Parliament, Oct. l'4th.) The cannon baskets 
 or gabions were filling and the guns planting 
 on Thursday and Friday, and by Saturday night 
 everything was ready. The lines of circumval- 
 lation were, according to Hugh Peters, above a 
 mile in compass, but another account says that 
 their length was a mile and a half in circumfer- 
 ence. The area held by the besieged was 14i^ 
 acres. The garrison suffered daily losses by 
 casualties and desertions, and on Oct. 11th 
 some deserters falsely reported that " Sir 
 Robert Peake, the Governor thereof, sometime
 
 Ci)i,om;l H.vmmu.m) Taki;n. 
 
 •2M 
 
 a stationer near Holborn Conduit," had been 
 killed by a shot from Dalbier's guns. 
 
 The "Moderate Intelligencer '" stated, on 
 Oct. 13th : '' The house was summoned that 
 (Saturday, Oct. 11th) night, the Lieut. -Gen. 
 sending them a sharp summons, telling them 
 they had l>ui ii evil neighl)ours ; usefl the 
 country people hardly ; they were a nest of 
 Romanists, and so of all others could worst 
 make good their arms against Parliament, and 
 therefore they must look for no mercy if they 
 stood out to the utmost period, but all tlie 
 severity tliat in a just way of arms migiit be 
 made good." Hard words these, and met by 
 a firm refusal tosuriender. 
 
 The church parade on Sunday, October l"Jtii. 
 must have been a remarkable sight. Hugh I'eters 
 was the preacher, l)ut alas I we have lost his 
 sermon I liut there was other work done on 
 that October Sunday. " The guns placed 
 Sunday ; we must have a breach or two before 
 they will parley, and that's but reason, for other 
 way they may stretch for it ( i.r., be lianged for 
 cowardice). We had from Jiazing that Cromwell's 
 cannon had beaten down the drawbridge, and 
 killed in one afternoon 1 '» men with our 
 granadoes ; they are resolved to storm this 
 niglit (Oct. i:5tli) if the former resolution hold." 
 
 Was this di'awbridge situated on the opposite 
 side of tiie old house to the present entrance to 
 tiio citadel? (Jromwell's guns were diiected 
 against the S.K. portion of the liou.sc, and traces 
 of what may liave Ijcen a drawl)ridge are still to 
 be seen nearly opposite to the well on tliu outer 
 edge of the moat. Let others decide this (juestion. 
 
 'J'he '• Scotti.sh Uove," on Friday, Oct. I7th, 
 speaks strongly : — " The taking of the late 
 habitation of devilish men, the sinke of English 
 abomination, called iJazing ilou.se." 
 
 " Meinggot very near the enemy's works,tIiey 
 made many shot all day on the Lord's Oay. 
 Tiie battle is not to the strong always, for then 
 that House had been invincible. They that 
 have seen and viewed it say that it was a piece 
 made as strong and defensible as nature and art 
 could imagine." ]\Ien could no longer lie spared 
 to guard pri.soners, and on the morning of Mon- 
 day, Octol)er i;5th,a very d.ark and misty day, 
 al)out "JO prisoners, all who wore in the House, 
 were duly exchanged. The l)esiegcd determined 
 to make yet one more .sortie. Without sound of 
 trumpet, a party of horso rode quietly forth, 
 possibly with a design to escape by cutting their 
 
 way through tiie hostile ranks, and une.xpectedly 
 captured (y'olonel Hammond and Major King, 
 i who were riding from Jiasing village to inspect 
 the cavalry posted on the opposite side of the 
 House, anil to visit Cromwell. Coh)nel Ludlow 
 : says: — "It was suspected that Colonel Ham- 
 mond. Ijeing related to the Karl of L8.se.\, who.se 
 half-sister was married to tin.' Marquis of Win- 
 che.ster, had suffered liimself to be taken pri- 
 soner on design to .serve the .s;iid Manjuis." 
 Let the " City Scout " finish tiie story : " Coming 
 to one of our sentries on the iiack side towards 
 the highway. Col. Hammond asked if all was wel I 
 He answered ■ Yes,' so they rid on. but imme- 
 diately there appeared a Jjarty of horse, who. it 
 .seems, had come out of Basing, but i»y reason of 
 the fog they could not be fii.scoveied from 
 whence they came, yet tiie careful ceiitrey bade 
 them stand. Colonel Hamnnmd ;ind M.ijor King 
 being gone by, with only two boys to wait ui)on 
 them, and the sentry having asked who they 
 were for, they answered ' For the Parliament.' 
 but when they came near he knew them not to 
 be friends, but of the House, and discharged 
 opoii them, and they made shot at him, and 
 uniiappily sliot him in the back ; yet still lie 
 made good the pass, but the enemy .sending «>ut 
 some to wheel about, surpri.sed Colonel Ilam- 
 moml and Major King, who knew them not, nor 
 scarce saw them till they were within pistol 
 shot, and rode towards tiiem, conceiving them to 
 be some of their own soldiers. They cirried 
 them as prisoners into leasing House." Pro- 
 posils for exchange were at once made, iiut wore 
 as promptly refused by the (Jovernor, "as is 
 conceived thereby to make better terms in c;i8e 
 he be constrained to parley, of which there's a 
 probability, for the Castle is judged feasible 
 upon viewing." 
 
 Without loss of time Cromwell wrote to the 
 CJovernor, saying that "if any wrong or violence 
 were offered to tlie.se men, the iiest in the house 
 should not obtain (jiiarter." 
 
 The " Kiniidoms Weekly Post." October 
 
 loth, says witli truth : " You see what 
 
 <lesperate fillows they arc that will adventure 
 forth upon a sally, when our forces have 
 besieged it round. ;ind no less a soldier than 
 Lieut. -(ieiieral ('mm well iiefore it." 
 
 Some say that Colonel Hammond and Major 
 King had no cause to complain of their treat- 
 ment at Basing. The newspaper just quoted 
 says : — " They are both well, there are some it
 
 •J.'iH 
 
 'I'm: AssAii/r. 
 
 is like may fare the Ijcttcr for the good respect 
 which they did find in their short captivity." The 
 "City Scout" ( Oct. 1 .')th ) sonicwhat iiii;,'cnei oiisly 
 remarks : — " But. to speak truth, they used them 
 well, for they have not neither stript nor plun- 
 dered tliem. no not so much as took their rings 
 from their fingers. But fear, not good will nor 
 modesty, kept them from it, and within few 
 days they will be exchanged." 
 
 On the other hand, Cromwell's official report 
 to Speaker Lenthall says that Colonel Hammond 
 " was taken by a mistake whilst we lay before 
 this aarrison, whom Ood safely delivered to us, 
 to our great joy. but to the loss of almost all he 
 had, which the enemy took from liim." The 
 House of Commons on October 15th awarded 
 him 200/. .as compensation for his loss at Basing. 
 
 All through that day of mist the cannonade 
 continued, and ''by Monday night our ordnance 
 had done such execution, both on the part of 
 the house, where Col. Dalbier placed his battery 
 (his fire had been principally directed against 
 the New House), and likewise where Lieut.- 
 General Cromwell had placed his (on the S.E. 
 side of the house), that our men might enter." 
 One of Cromwell's largest guns broke, and 
 became useless. And so the daylight faded, and 
 the last day of the glories of Basing House 
 came to an end. 
 
 Said Mr. Peters afterwards : " The Old 
 House had stood (as it is reported) two or three 
 hundred years. A nest of idolatry, the Xew 
 House, surpassing that in beauty and stateliness, 
 and either of them fit to make an Emperor's 
 Court. In truth, the House stood in its full 
 pride : and tlie enemy was persuaded that it 
 would be the last piece of ground taken bj' the 
 Parliament, because they had so often foiled our 
 forces, which had formerly appeared before it." 
 Peace to the ashes of what Heath's Chronicle 
 styles "'this fortress of loyalty,' the place being 
 called by that name, ' Love Loyalty ' being 
 written in every window of that spacious house. 
 It was commonly called 'Basting House,' and 
 that truly enough." 
 
 The tragedy is at last nearly played out. 
 During the hours of darkness, Hugh Peters, 
 quoted by Carlyle, draws aside the curtain, and 
 gives us a glimpse of Cromwell's quarters. 
 " The Commander of this brigade had spent 
 much time with God in prayer the night before 
 the storm : and seldom fights without some text 
 of Scripture to support him. This time he rested 
 
 upon that blessed word of God written in the 
 llwth P.salm, 8th verse : ' They that make them 
 ar.! like unto them, so is every one that trusteth 
 in them,' which, with some verses going before 
 was now accomplished. ' Not unto us, O 
 Lord, not unto us, but unto thy Xame give 
 glory ; for thy mercy and for thy truth's .sake. 
 Wherefore should the Heathen say. Where is now 
 their God ";' Our God is in the Heavens : He 
 hath done whatsoever he hath pleased I Their 
 idols are silver and gold ; the work of men's 
 hands. They have mouths, but they speak not ; 
 eyes have they, but they .see not : they have 
 ears, but they hear not ; noses have they, but 
 they smell not ; they have hands, but they 
 handle not ; feet have they, but they walk not ; 
 neither speak they through their throat I They 
 that make them are like unto them ; so is every 
 one that trusteth in them I' " 
 
 " These words, awful as the words of very 
 God, were in Oliver Cromwell's heart that 
 night !" 
 
 And yet, mo.st strange to tell, above the west 
 door of Basing Church may be seen by all 
 passers by figures of the Virgin Mary and the 
 Infant Jesus, together with an inscription to 
 the effect that the church was built *• to the 
 praise of Christ and of Mary His Mother, by- 
 John Paulet, Knt., in the year of Our Lord 
 1519!" Were thesj figures taken down during 
 the troubles, and afterwards replaced ? We 
 wonder whether the housa afterwards the 
 " Fleur de Ly.s," at Basingstoke, was the scene 
 of Cromwell's stern midnight musings. Tradi- 
 tion has it that his head-quarters were there, but 
 we know not of a certainty I Xot much sleep 
 was there for Parliament soldiers that night. 
 '• Tuesday morniug.about two o'clock, our forces, 
 having agreed upon a storm before, prepared for 
 the work. The great silence for some hours before 
 and the great duty they within had been put 
 upon caused them to fall to some repose, which 
 was to us advantageous !" The last sleep in this 
 world of many a brave Cavalier. Rumour tells 
 us that whilst some of the guard were slumber- 
 ing on " the swet banckes," as guard beds were 
 called, others were deep in the mysteries of 
 cards. " Clubs are trumps, as when Basing 
 House was taken." is a well-known Hampshire 
 phrase. If such were the case, the push of 
 pike and shot of pistol speedily ended both the 
 game and the players ! 
 
 The several posts of the various storming
 
 Tin: Xi:w II()i>;i: Takkn. 
 
 i;5'J 
 
 parties had been previously settled. Colonel 
 Dalbier, who was styled "the long besieger," 
 was to be on the north side of the House next 
 the (rrange, little Colonel Pickering, with his 
 regiment of blue coats, on his left hand. Wood- 
 ward places Ilartop's regiment next in order, but 
 Cromwell's oHicial ktter makes no mention of 
 this corps. Sir Hardress Waller's regiment of 
 black coats came next, wiiilst Colonel Montagu's 
 blue regiment was on the extreme left. The 
 appointed signal for falling on was the firing of 
 four cannon, which boomed suddenly out on the 
 October air just at daybreak, as the church 
 clock struck six. The stormers advanced '• with 
 great resolution and cheerfulness, and with 
 undaunted courage got over the enemy's works, 
 entered the breaches, and possessed part of the 
 new house and the court betwixt that and the 
 old house. It is affirmed we lost but one man 
 e'er we got within their works." 
 
 The stormers are also said to have entered I)y 
 two great breaches, one made by Dalbier Ijeing 
 on the side towards Basing, tlie otlier on the 
 side towards the Park." 
 
 " Mercurius Civicus"' says" Tuesday morning, 
 about five of the o'clock our forces began to 
 storm the new house adjoining to Basing House, 
 which they took after a hot dispute between 
 them and the enemy, to whom upon the gain- 
 ing of it no quarter was given." "Who first 
 entered is uncertain, and to name were to dis- 
 parage as wortliy ; all parts were entered, both 
 by the Lord General's party and Col. Dalbier's. 
 One letter saitli that some of those wlio had 
 been longest l)efore the place (Dalbier's men) 
 gave back upon a liot charge, yet the other par- 
 tics getting farther ground, they came on again." 
 — (''Moderate Intelligencer," October \f).) 
 
 Cromwell says that Col. Pickering stormed 
 the New House. The scene is thus graphically 
 described : — " Immediately the drea<lful battery 
 began the great guns discliarged their cholerick 
 errand with great execution ; many wide 
 breaches were made in an instant, and the 
 besieged immediately marsliallcd themselves, 
 and stood like a new wall to defend tiio.so 
 breaches ; our men in full IkmHcs and with great 
 resolution came on. The dispute was long and 
 sharp, the enemy, for aught I can learn, dosirtd 
 no quarter, and 1 believe that they had liut 
 little offered them. You must remember wliat 
 they were. They were most of them Papi.sts, 
 therefore our musquets and our swords did show 
 
 but little compa.ssi(^n, and tliLs Hou.se being at 
 length subdued did now satisfy for her treason 
 and rebellion by the blood of the offenders." — 
 (The "Kingdomo's Weekly Post, " October l.>.) 
 
 But as yet only a portion of the New House 
 had been taken, together with " the court 
 betwixt that and the Old House, where the 
 enemy liad lain a train of powder, which they 
 blew up ; tlie quantity w;is tliougtit to be about 
 three barrels, but, blessed be God, it did not 
 mucli annoy us." Colonel Hammond, however, 
 stated in the House ot Commons tliat " the 
 enemy blew up no mine.as was at first repui led, 
 only one of our men was killed by a barrel of 
 powder wliieh accidentally blew up.' 
 
 " This being done, our men slid in at the 
 windows, and encompassed tlie New i louse 
 round, lor the enemy were tied thither ; then 
 they in the House tlirew liaiid grenadoes at our 
 men in the court, but we made our pas&ige into 
 tlie Hou.se among them, and by force of arms 
 quenched their rage. " Hand grenades have 
 been discovered during the progress of the 
 excavations. Cromwell says that it was Colonel 
 Pickering who " passed through and got the 
 gate of the Old House." Another account said 
 "first we took the New House, tlie Old House 
 being then all of a llame." 
 
 After gaining pos.ses.-5ion of tiie New House, 
 Colonel Pickering attacked the Old House, or 
 citadel. Here again lie met with a desperate 
 resistance. " They in the Old House hung out 
 some black ensigns of defiance, and set fire on a 
 bridge over which our men were to pa.s,s dis- 
 puting the passage at sword'.s point, and the rest 
 in tile house tiirew out grenadoes amongst our 
 men, whereby many of them were killed." 
 (" Mer. Civicus.") 
 
 Hugh Peters informs us that these ensigns of 
 defiance were four in number. The bridge on 
 which this fierce struggle took place seems to 
 have been the archway brought to light some 
 time since in front of the entrance to the 
 citadel, for it was in gaining "the gate of the 
 Old House " that this burning bridge had to be 
 crossed. 
 
 " This great work (the storming of the Now 
 House) being done, the I)atterie8 were forthwith 
 made against the Old i louse, .and our men, 
 Mushed with taking of tlio New Hou.se, were 
 more eager and resolute to subdue ihe <Jld. 
 The great ordnance having torn down all before 
 them, and made many breaches, our men did
 
 240 
 
 Fa 1,1, OK iJ \.siN(;. 
 
 enter them, 'riiuic tlio besieged showed incre- 
 dible holducss. for althougli they knew that it 
 was impossil)!" for them to subsist, yet they 
 foui,'ht it out to tlie hist, and disputed every 
 entry and pass witli tlm edge of the sword, 
 being all resolved to die. and as any of them 
 fell their seconds, with infinite boldness, adven- 
 tured to revenge their fellows' death. This 
 made oui- men far more resolute, who. not mind- 
 ing their desperate fury, rv'ied out ' Down with 
 the Papists." and by this means there were few 
 of them left who were not put to the sword." 
 ("Kingdome's AVeekly Post." Oct. 1."..) 
 
 Cromwell makes no mention of the success of 
 Dalbier's attack, which makes it the more pro- 
 bable that, as already mentioned, he was unable 
 to force an entrance until the other storming 
 parties had gained at any rate a partial success, 
 although one account says that his men and 
 Cromwell's enteri'd simultaneously. 
 
 The Gatehouse of the Old House being taken, 
 Colonel Pickering " put those within to a 
 parley, but the fight was hot. and the noise 
 great; the souldiers could not hear!" Crom- 
 well says plainly " whereupon they summoned 
 a parley, which our men tnudd not hear I" 
 
 In the meantime Colonel Montagu and Sir 
 Hardress Waller, to whom Uugdale (Short 
 View) gives the credit of the capture, with their 
 respective parties were busdy engaged. They 
 attacked " the strongest work, where the enemy 
 kept his Court of Guard" or main guard. Court 
 of Guard is probably a corruption of the French 
 " Corps dc Garde." and about this time mention 
 is made of a '' Corps du Gard" near Heddington 
 Hill, in Oxfordshire. Judging from the position 
 assigned to the regiments of Sir H. Waller and 
 Colonel JMontagu this work must have been 
 situated on the side near the park. The attack 
 was made in force, and proved completely suc- 
 cessful. The defenders were after a desperate 
 resistance obliged to retire from that important 
 post, leaving behind them a whole culverin. or 
 IS-pounder, perhaps that formerly taken from 
 Colonel Xorton. Emboldened by success the 
 assailants drew up their scaling ladders after 
 them, and. having previously captured another 
 portion of the defences, prepared to enter the 
 Old House or citadel. This was no easy task, 
 since the moat was at least .SG feet deep, and on 
 the inner side there was a parapet four feet in 
 height, in addition to other defences. In spite 
 of all the efforts of the garrison the Old House 
 
 was entered, as the New House had been shortly 
 before. '' At last our men came on with such 
 courage that they entered the Old Hou.se loo, 
 crying ' Fall on. tall on : all is our own." '"('Mer- 
 curius (y'ivicus.") " fn this Sir Hardress Waller 
 performing his duty with honour and diligence, 
 was shot in the arm. but not dangerously." 
 (Cromwell's letter.) A newspaper writer says 
 that the Cavaliers intended the wound to be 
 mnrtdl, but that it would render him imiuortal. 
 Cromwell and DaUner's guns meanwhile kept 
 up a heavy fire. Here is an honouraVde 
 testimony from an enemy. Colonel Montagu 
 and Sir H. Waller "take all, with the gallant 
 Marquess, honourable, and an honest, faithful 
 subject to the interest and cause he always 
 undertook, and showed himself a noble enemy, 
 and, therefore. Cromwell treats him kindly." 
 
 One account says that " the whole storm from 
 l)eginnintr to end was not above three-quarters 
 of an hour,"' and "Mercurius Civicus" states 
 that " the old House was taken by 7.0 a.m.. the 
 attack liavintr commenced about .">,0 a.m." 
 Colonel Hammond informed the House of Com- 
 mons that '• the storm was violent for two 
 hours." 
 
 Thus was Cromwell enabled to thank God 
 that he could " give a good account of Basing." 
 and the Cavaliers, surrounded and hemmed in 
 on all sides, found that further resistance would 
 be but vain. Many refused or could not obtain 
 quarter, some succeeded in escaping, whilst 
 other fugitives less fortunate were overtaken 
 and cut down. Cromwell says. " We have had 
 little loss ; many of the enemy our men put to 
 the sword, and some officers of quality." Some 
 accounts say that all in the garrison were either 
 killed or taken, and one writer states. '• The 
 number of slain and taken are yet doubtful ; 
 some say we have lost but 40 men, some say we 
 have killed BUO of the enemy, some say more." 
 On the side of the Parliament Captain Wilks 
 was killed during the assault. 
 
 " The number slain on our side and theirs is 
 variously reported : those we most credit say 
 some 10 of ours and 100 of theirs." — "Moderate 
 Intelligencer."" Oct. l.'i. 
 
 '' October the 14th Basing House was taken 
 by storm, the defendants not having a sufficient 
 number within to man their works. The noble 
 Marquess of Winchester, that had so long and 
 gallantly defended that his own house, was here 
 taken prisoner with about 2o0 others, and at
 
 KlI.LKD, WuUNUKl), AM> Pki.soN KK;?. 
 
 .'41 
 
 least loo of the defeiKliuits slain, many whereof 
 in cold blood, not without some loss to the 
 assailants." (" Mercurius Rusticus.") 
 
 Colonel Hammond reported that " We lost 
 not above 40 in the first storm, and not many 
 more afterwards, nor otfieers of note." 
 
 The number of the garrison was variously 
 estimated at IJOO common .soldiers, besides many 
 officers, at SOO and :}00. 
 
 Hugh Peters spoke as follows : " We know 
 not how to give a just account of the persons 
 that were witliin. Tlie works many, though 
 not finished, and of too great a compass for so 
 few men to .;eep. Sir Robert Peake swearing 
 that they had but ;>ilo fii^liting men in all."' 
 
 Tho.se slain on the side of the garrison were 
 " Fjieut.-Colonel Wiborn, Major Robinson, 
 Major Cuffl.', and in view about 74 others." 
 Hugh Peters said " It may be, we have found 
 lo;) slain — -whose bodies, some being covered 
 with rubbish, came not at once to our view. 
 Amongst those that we saw slain, one of their 
 officers lying on the ground, seeming so exceed- 
 ing tall, was measured ; and from his great toe 
 to his crown wiis nine feel in length." E.<:t il 
 jjnxsiblp ! 
 
 '' >orae soldiers were eager to plunder, other- 
 wise there had hardly any in the place scapt 
 witli life. The soldiers or others that were in 
 tlio lionse, .seeing our men come, to save their 
 lives would l)ring them to chambei's where there 
 was a good store of I'iclies ; others minded not 
 booty, l)ut fell upon them and killed many." — 
 (" Moderate Intelligencer," Oit. 1.').) 
 
 Hugh Peters furtlier remarked, "In the 
 several rooms and about the house there were 
 slain 74. and only one woman." Sprigge says 
 that only 40 men were killed. 
 
 Tlie "Moderate Intelligencer" adds, "The 
 two prisoners of ours. Colonel Hammond and 
 Major King, were courted in this sad condition 
 of the enemy more than a great Court favourite: 
 one crying ' Sir. save me,' another 'Me.' The 
 Mari|uis kept close to the Colonel ; its thought 
 all liad l)in put to tlie sword but for these men's 
 sakcs of ours." 
 
 (Jolonel Hammond stated tliat divers Jesuits 
 were amongst tlic slain, and si.x Roman Catholic 
 priests were also put to the sword. 
 
 Major Robinson " was in Drury Lane a 
 comedian, but here he acted liis own tragedy." 
 Colonel Hammond styles him, "one Roliin.son, 
 son to the Clowno at Rlackfriars Playhouse, and 
 
 the Manjuesse's Major." "The Manjuesses 
 !Major Robinson, the Player's Son, who a little 
 before the storm was known to be mocking and 
 scorning the Parliament and our army." He 
 was shot by fanatical Major Harris<m " as he 
 was getting over the works," or, according to 
 another account, " in cold blood, after he had 
 laid down his arms, with the words. • Cursed is 
 he that doeth the Lord's work negligently.' " 
 Yet another writer says, " Robinson the Fool 
 slain as he was turning and acting like a 
 player." 
 
 Player Robinson was proliably a relation of 
 "William Robinson, a Papist. Surgecm to the 
 Lord Marqui.sse of Wimhcster," who was 
 taken prisoner at Odiham in the preceding 
 year. 
 
 Major Cuifand (called al.so Cuffle. Cuff, and 
 Cuffies) had in the previous siege been in charge 
 of the works facing the Park. " Divers that 
 laboured to escape were slain, among others one 
 Major Cuff, "says the "^Moderate Intelligencer," 
 and " there lay dead upon the ground. Major 
 Cuffle. a man of great aeconnt amongst them, 
 and a notorious Papist : slain by the hands of 
 Major Harrison, that godly and gallant gentb - 
 man"' according to Hugh Peters. 
 
 The prisoners were numerous. '• Most of 
 the rest we have prisoners, amongst whom the 
 Manjuis of Winchester himself, and Sir Robert 
 Peake. with divers other t)fficers. whom I have 
 oi'dered to be sent up to you," are the words of 
 Cromwell. " About "JOO other prisoners, some 
 of note,'" says a journalist, 4oo says Heath, and 
 " we have not quite ."500 prisoners"" reports Hugh 
 Peters. The ]\Iarquis of Winchester. Sir Robert 
 Peak, Inigo .lones. Wenceslaus Hollar, and 
 Faithorne, Dr. (Jriffith, and four Roman Catholic 
 priests were all taken. One statement makes 
 the number of prisoners IMOmen and "JO gentle- 
 women. The Marquis kept close to Colonel 
 Hammond, who at length disarmed him, taking 
 away his sword, "yet spared his life by reason 
 he had before been used civilly. He (the 
 ^larquis) was afterwards stripped by our 
 soldiers.' " Yea, a soldier would needs change 
 clokes witli theManpiis of Winchester I" 
 
 A satirical pamjihlet published 10 days after 
 the hou.se was taken speaksthus : " What served 
 the religious and mighty Lord and Master for ":* 
 Could he invoke none of the sjiints ":' It is 
 wonder, for the man was very serious at his 
 devotion, uo Pharisee, I'le assure vou, for he
 
 •2-i 
 
 I)k. (Jkiikith. 
 
 was found uuiubciiiiif liis bc;ida very privately 
 in an oven !" 
 
 That "reverend Dragoon," Hugh Peters, was 
 always eiiually ready either for sword exercise 
 or religious controversy, and, according to his 
 custom, ho began " a large dispute"' with the 
 ]\Iar(|uis, but the brave old soldier " broke out 
 and said ' That if tlie King had no more ground 
 in Knglanil but Basing House, he would adven- 
 ture as he did, and so maintain it to the utter- 
 most, comforting liimself in this disaster that 
 Basing House was called Loyalty." Mr. Peters 
 wislied also to discuss the question as to whether 
 the King or the Parliament had right on their 
 side. He seems to have considered that he 
 gained an easy victory in tliis argument, the 
 Manjuis probably having no particular inclina- 
 tion for debate at such a time. But neither 
 tlireats nor persuasion could shake his loyalty 
 to his King. 
 
 '' He was soon silenced in the question con- 
 cerning the King and Parliament, and could 
 only hope ' That the King might have a day 
 again.' " What a glorious picture of 
 " A steadfast English Cavalier 
 All of the oklen time." 
 
 ''And tlius" says Peters, ''the Lord was pleased 
 in a few hours to show us what mortal seed all 
 earthly glory grows upon, and how just and 
 righteous the ways of God are, who takes 
 sinners in their own snares, and lifteth up the 
 hands of His despised people. This is now the 
 twentieth garrison that hath been taken in this 
 summer by this army, and I believe most of 
 them the answers of the prayers, and trophies 
 of tlie faith, of some of God's servants." 
 
 Journalists and pamphleteers made merry at 
 the expense of Sir Robert Peakc, who had 
 formerly lived as a neighbour to Hugh Peters in 
 the parish of St. Sepulchre's. •' The Governour, 
 now a poor Knight, scarce so rich as when he 
 sold picture babies for children, neer Holbcrn 
 Conduit." ("Moderate Intelligencer.'") "The 
 wise Marquis of Winchester, Robert Peakc, a 
 new Knight, but an old ballad seller, of Snow 
 Hill, London." Though he is styled '' a poor 
 Knight." he had plate to the value of 500/. at 
 Basing. To save his life he gave to Colonel 
 Hammond, or, according to another statement, 
 threw to a soldier, the key of his chamber, 
 saying that they would there find riches enough. 
 But other plunderers had already broken open 
 the door and taken all. One of them " first 
 
 laid his hands on a l^ag of iliM)/. in gold, a good 
 purchase for one " Sir R. Peake lost his " box 
 of jewels, rings, and bricelets. and a box of 
 graven brass plates," he being a skilful engraver 
 (p. (ill.) Wenceslaus Hollar was captured, bat 
 escaped, and Faithorno, his artist iriend and 
 comrade, was also in safe keeping. 
 
 " Inigo Jones, the i'amous surveyor and great 
 enemy to St. Gregory, the great builder, the 
 King's .surveyor and contriver of scenes for the 
 Queen's dancing b;irn," was amongst the pri- 
 soners. " He was gotten thither for help to the 
 House. He was an excellent architeetor to 
 build, but no engineer to pull down." The 
 west door of Basing Church is said to have been 
 designed by him. He " was carried away in a 
 blanket, having lost his clothes,"" which had 
 probably been " borrowed'" by one of Crom- 
 well's troopers. Poor Inigo was 72 years of age. 
 The Rev. Dr. Griffith, or Griffin, was also 
 taken. On October 24th. 1(!4'J, mention is made 
 of '' Master Griffith, a minister, parson of St. 
 Mary Magdalinn, Ould Fish-street, London, has 
 been a long time very malignant against the 
 Parliament, and preached of late divers 
 seditious sermons full of invection and bitter 
 language against the Parliament."" Prince 
 Rupert's Declaration in 1G43 says, "Have they 
 not by imprisonment or threats muzzled the 
 mouths of the most grave and learned preachers 
 of London, witness Dr. Featley, Dr. Hayward. 
 Dr. Holdsworth, Mister Shute. Master Squire. 
 Master Griffith, for so I am informed these 
 men are, because they preach that Avhich their 
 conscience tells them is the known truth." 
 
 Dr. Griffith had his share of troubles during 
 these warlike days. He is thus spoken of in 
 "A General Bill of Mortality of the Clergy of 
 London, printed against St. Bartholomew"s 
 Day, 16G1" ("Harleian Miscellany,"" vol. vii., 
 p. 183) :— •' St. Maudlin's, Old Fish-street. Dr. 
 Griffith, sequestered, plundered, and impri- 
 soned in Newgate, whence being let out, he 
 was forced to fly, and since imprisoned again in 
 Peterhouse.'" Dr. Griffith was said to be the 
 author of this list of persecuted clergy. The 
 Journals of the House of Lords supply further 
 details on March 3rd, 1G43 :-" Whereas Matthew 
 Griffith. Rector of St. Mary Magdalin"s. Old 
 Fish-street, London, doth usually in his ser- 
 mons endeavour to corrupt and pervert his 
 parishioners and auditory by inveighing against 
 the taking up arms in the present cause, in aid
 
 A G«M)i) Encouraokmk.nt." 
 
 •J 4:5 
 
 and defence of the Parliament, and against the 
 bringing in of plate, horses, and money for that 
 purpose, with great vehemency affirming them 
 to be idolaters, rebels, and bewitclied, and set 
 on work by the Devil ; and that they who should 
 be our law-givers (land-givera) and preservers 
 have taken the King's crown from his head. 
 That wo have now no King in Israel, and that 
 they have crowned him with thorns and ren- 
 dered him contemptible to his people. And in 
 his pulpit likewise usually scoffs at the public 
 faith of the kingdom, and under the name of 
 sectaries declaring against the Parliament for 
 taking away episcopacy, which he affirms to be 
 an ordinance of God, and the lands and 
 revenues belonging to the prelates as a devouring 
 of things consecrated to holy use. To the 
 stirring and fomenting of seditious divisions 
 and mutinies in the said City of London, 
 hindering of the public defence of the kingdom, 
 scandal of religion and of his profession, and 
 dishonour of God."' Seciiiestrators of the living 
 were therefore appointed, and " Ithiell Smart, 
 >[.A.,a godly, learned, and orthodox divine," was 
 appointed "to preach every Lord's Day, and to 
 officiate as parson. &<:.'" Doctor Griffith was 
 classed with "four other Popish priests," but 
 was also spoken of as "a Godly divine. Pro- 
 testant, for protection mixed with some Popish 
 priests' profession." He was likewise "that 
 Dr. Griffin or Griffith, that was for divers years 
 the Diana of Dunstan's in the West," and '' Dr. 
 Griffin, some time of St. Dunstan's in the West, 
 late of Old Fish-street." 
 
 His "three handsome daughters'' accom- 
 panied him to Basing. The '' Moderate Intelli- 
 gencer" tells us that during the assault " divers 
 women were woundeil, who liung upon the 
 soldiers to keep them from killing their friends. 
 Of these women it's two of Dr. Griffin's 
 daughters adventured very far witliout any 
 hurt. Only tlieir old father was dangerously 
 wounded, if not mortal.'' Small wonder was it 
 that one of '• the handsome daughters, a gallant 
 gentlewoman, fell a railing upon our soldiers 
 at their entrance, calling them Roundheads and 
 rebels to the King." This " provoked our 
 soldiers, then in heat, into a further passion, 
 whereupon one of our soldiers cut lier on the 
 licad '' and slew her, the oidy woman among so 
 many men ! Heath calls her " a virgin. Dr. 
 Griffith's daughter, whom the enemy shamefully 
 left naked." 
 
 Hugh Petei-s says tliat there were in the 
 house hiding places for priests, but " there 
 were four Roman Catholic prie>ts beside, who 
 were plundered of their vestments, and them- 
 selves reserved for the gallows'* (" Moderate 
 Intelligencer '). Hugh Peters stated that there 
 were taken " fcjur Popish clergy priests." whom 
 '• Mercurius Veridicus" calls "four more old 
 Reformation piiests.' 
 
 The ladies in the I ouse received but scint 
 courtesy. Hugh Peters admits that " eight or 
 nine gentlewomen of rank, running fortli to- 
 gether, were entertained by the common 
 soldiers s(miewhat coarsely ; yet not uncivilly 
 considering tlie action in hand." adding, 
 '• They left them with some clothes upon 
 them," whilst " Mercurius Veridicus ' makes 
 mention of " the ladies' wardrobe, which fur- 
 nished many of the soldiers' wives with gowns 
 and petticoats.'' A hundred gentlewomen's 
 rich gowns and petticoats were among the spoil. 
 
 Sorry treatment tliis from Engli>h soldiers 
 for ladies, some of whom had just seen their 
 nearest and dearest .slain before their eyes I 
 
 Some of the garrison escaped, as we learn from 
 the " Scottish Dove,"' October 17th. "There were 
 some soldiers that made escape out of Basing, 
 and many tliat liid themselves in holes not 
 found till afterward." There were also about 
 loi) horse taken. The " Perfect Diurnall 'on 
 October "Jtltli asserts that 'ino steeds were here 
 secured, whilst Sprigge says their number was 
 but S(l. Some of the garrison who were in 
 hiding.finding that smoke and flimcswere invad- 
 ing their retreat, came forth and surrendered 
 themselves ; but terrible indeed was the doom 
 of their comrades. Hugh Peters says : " Riding 
 to the house to Tuesday night we heard divers 
 crying in vaults for (juartcr, but our men could 
 neither come to them nor they to us. A truly 
 hard fate for such valiant soldiers." The number 
 of those slain and burnt is said to have been 
 three liundred. 
 
 Having overpowered all resistance. Cromwell 
 and his men began to estimate the value of the 
 rich prize whicli tiny had secured, and speedily 
 found that it was fully eiiual to their highest 
 expectations. Oliver's letter to Speaker l..ent- 
 hall says : " We liave taken about ten pieces of 
 ordnance, witii much ammunition, and our 
 soldiers a good tncouragement. " 
 
 This " encouragimont " consisted of pro- 
 visions, rich furniture, jewels, and plate, esti-
 
 244 
 
 A ('(>NII,A(;i{ A TION. 
 
 iii.itcd to l)u wortli ;it, least ■-'<)().( 100/.. and which, 
 considoriiii,' the dilTi'ieiicc in tlie valucof money, 
 would lie worth far more at the present time. 
 
 The numlKT of the captured guns is variously 
 given as seven, nine, 10, and 11. The much 
 ammunition consisted of '• "_'<) barrels of powder, 
 with match proportionable, and good store of 
 bullets." Colonel Hammond said that " (JOO fire- 
 arms, lot pikes, and 1 00 halberds were taken."' 
 Sprigge says .')00 arms, and the "Perfect 
 Diurnall."' on Oct. "JOth. gave " 'JOOO arras as the 
 number secured. Nine colours, and either 400 
 or ."lOO bandoliers were likewise taken." Hugh 
 Peters found abundance, both in cellar and 
 storeliouse. He said " the rooms before the 
 storm in both houses were all completely 
 furnislied : pi'ovisions for some years, rather 
 than months, 4i )( ) (juarters of wheat, bacon, divers 
 rooms full containiiig hundred of flitches, cheese 
 proportionable ; with oatmeal, beef, pork, beer 
 — divers cellars full — and that very good. There 
 was a bed in one room furnished, which cost 
 1P>00/. There were Popish books many, with 
 copes and such utensils." Much wine, and many 
 hogsheads of beer filled the cellars. The afore- 
 said flitches of bacon were ^{Oo in number, the 
 cheese weighed 40,000lbs.. and there were "JOO 
 barrels of beef. All this " afforded the soldiers 
 gallant pillage." One hundred bags of malt, 
 many firkins of butter, numerous crucifixes, 
 Popish pictures and books, together with six 
 copes and many friars' coats and gii-dles, formed 
 part of the spoil. The beds, clothes, and goods, 
 which filled lOOO chests, trunks, and boxes, were 
 estimated to be worth HOOO/., the Marquis's 
 cabinet and jewels .')U,000^., and that belonging 
 to Sir Robert Peake, .')0(V. •• One soldier found 
 300/. in a hole, and another had 120 pieces of 
 gold for his share. The finder of the .300/. 
 profited but little. Not able to keep his own 
 counsel, it grew to be common pillage amongst 
 the rest, and to make sport with this raw soldier, 
 his comrades pillaged him by piecemeal to an 
 half-crown coin." Some had plate, others jewels, 
 for " the wealth of Basing House was of greater 
 value than any single garrison could be imagined, 
 in money, plate, jewels, household stuff, and 
 riches. One bed valued at 1400/., and so orderly 
 under rate of others." There was taken '' 4000/. 
 in money, as was judged," and four cabinets of 
 jewels were burnt. All that sad Tuesday (Oct. 
 14th) the plunder of the soldiers continued. 
 
 The news of the capture soon spread, and a 
 
 crowd speedily assembled from 15 isitigstoke and 
 the neighbouring villages. 'I'he Parliametnary 
 troopers were anxious to turn their booty into 
 money, and offered to sell the 400 (juarters of 
 wheat which they had founrl in thegranaries.The 
 farmers began to chaffer with then, hoping to 
 obtain good bargains. IJut they soon found 
 that they had to deal with men who knew how 
 to take care of their own interests. Nf) wheat 
 could be purcha.sed except at high prices, and it 
 was not until the soldiers knew that they must 
 march towards tlie west on the 1 tith that they 
 consented to lower their demands. '• The 
 soldiers sold the wheat to country people, which 
 they held up at good rates awhile, but after- 
 wards the market fell, and there were some 
 abatements for haste. After that, they sold 
 the household stuff, whereof tiiere was a good 
 store, and the country loaded away many carts : 
 and they continued a great while fetching out 
 all manner of household stuff, till they had 
 fetched out all the stools, chairs, and other 
 lumber, all which they sold to the country 
 people by piecemeal.'' 
 
 " Mercurius Veridicus" tells us " Plunder in 
 abundance, both plate, hangings, and other 
 goods, sold exceedingly cheap : the noise 
 whereof caused one hundred hackney horse this 
 morning to be hired in London for brokers to 
 go purchase upon if the fair be not past. This 
 frustrates the last hope of the Royalists, and 
 will break their heart." 
 
 All this plunder and spoliation went on in 
 Christian England under the name of Religion I 
 But, as if the cup of misery and desolation was 
 not already full to overflowing, a cry arose 
 amongst those busy plunderers and bargainei"s of 
 " Fire, fire, fire !'" 
 
 During the assault some fireballs had been 
 thrown by the besiegers, and one of them had 
 been only partially extinguished by the garrison. 
 It continued to smoulder, and towards evening 
 clouds of smoke and red tongues of flame pro- 
 claimed that the houi-s of stately Basing House 
 were numbered. The great beams were burnt 
 through one by one, and dropped with a crash 
 into the fiery gulf below, bringing down oaken 
 floors and panelled ceilings with them in their 
 fall. The Ijeautiful windows, each bearing the 
 motto '• Aymez Loyaute," " Love Loyalty," 
 were cracked and melted by the intense heat, 
 whilst the roofs rained molten lead in showers. 
 
 01iver"8 men thought only of saving all they
 
 PUHLIC THANKSCilVlNO. 
 
 lib 
 
 could for their own advantage, and the result 
 was, " In all these great buildings there was not 
 one iron bar left in all the windows (save only 
 what were on fire) before night. And tlie list 
 work of all was the lead ; and by Wednesday 
 morning they hid hardly left one gutter about 
 the house, and what the soldiers left, the lire 
 took hold on, whicli made more than 
 ordinary haste, leaving notliing but bare walls 
 and chimneys in less than twenty hours ; — being 
 occasioned by the neglect of the enemy in 
 quenching a fireball at first. " (Hugh Peters' 
 report.) 
 
 And, sickening to relate, many of the garri- 
 son were b:ing slowly suffocate 1 or burnt to 
 death meanwhile in the vaults below, into which 
 the flames penetrated, as the charred oaken 
 curbs of th ■ cellar steps give proof ! 
 
 " Of the fate of the plunder, said to have 
 exceeded 200,000/. in value, little is known. 
 Mrs. Cromwell, the Piotcclor's wile, is .said to 
 have had a voracious appetite for such 'pretty 
 things,' as well as for Westphalia hams and 
 similar articles with which ' tlie middle sort' 
 presented her ; and many i)f t'.ie jMar<juis's 
 treasures are reported t > .have found their way 
 to her hands." (Murray's Handbook for 
 Hampshire.) 
 
 During the Civil War more than 'JOdO men 
 are said to have fallen in and around Loyalty 
 House. Whilst the spoilers w^e plundering 
 the burning mansion " ihe Mar^juisof Win-h-s- 
 ter and Sir Robert Peake were carried to the 
 Bell at Basingstoke." Until a few years ago 
 this was the place of detention for prisoners 
 awaiting trial. It contained a strong room, 
 diagonally planked, with a massive door and 
 ponderous loc!;. The f.ict tliat such important 
 prisoneis were in custody almost inimc li itcly 
 opposite adds probability to the tr.adition that 
 Cromwell lodged at tlie Fleur de I^ys, on the 
 site of which now stands tlu; Falcon House. 
 
 On Tuesday, October 14th, I'hineas Pain and 
 W. Parker, both messengers to Lieut. (Jol. Roe, 
 scoutmaster of the City of London, reached 
 Westminster in succession, with information 
 for the House tliat Basing had Ijeen taken about 
 six or seven o'clock that morning by storm. 
 The messengers were both called into the 
 House, and related certain particulars of the 
 assault, saying "that at their coming away the 
 storm was ended, and our men posse.ssetl of all.'" 
 The three messengers, two from Basing, anil 
 
 one from (Jeneral Fairfax, were gianted J"'/, to 
 divide between them. 
 
 On Wednesday, October 15th, arrived Hugh 
 Peters and Colonel Hammond, the latter of 
 whom was the bearer <jf Cromwell's letter to 
 Speaker Lentliall. " Colonel Hammond, who 
 was taken prisoner, came this day unto the 
 House of Commons.and made a more lull relation 
 of the taking of Basing House." He wa.s promised 
 •JOO/. towards his losses. Hugh Peters was abjo 
 called in, was requested " to make a relation to 
 the House of Commons," and presented to the 
 House the Marquis's own colours, which he 
 brought from Basing, the motto of which was 
 " Diiiicc jiu.r lalcal ler, in," " Until peace return 
 to the earth," the same as King Charles gave 
 upon his Coronation money when he came to 
 the Crown." 
 
 The biinging of these despatches from Basing 
 was soon afterwards worth 200/. per annum to 
 Mr. Peters : 
 
 A contemporary writer thus describes another 
 mission of the '• soldier's parson " of the same 
 nature. " That Spiritual Xewesmouger, Master 
 Peters, the Lecturer, is come to Westminster 
 from the Earl of Essex with such a stock of 
 newes that on Thur>day last it cost the Lower 
 Members two full hours to hear it once over, 
 though his fingers, eyes, and nosthrils helped 
 his tongue to dispatch." A man of action, 
 evidently! In " The Sale of Rebellious House- 
 hohi Stull," he is thus referred to : — 
 
 Here B Dick Cromwell's protectorship, 
 
 And lieiu are Lambert s commissions; 
 And here is Hugh l\tern his scrip, 
 Crammed full of tumultuous petition.-* ! 
 He was one of those preacliers whom Bishop 
 Corl>et, in his ballad of " Tlio Distracted 
 Puritan " d' scribes as saying : — 
 
 In the holy tongue of Canaan, 
 I ]>laced my chiifest plciisuro, 
 Till I pricked my foot. 
 With an Hebrew root. 
 That 1 bled beyond idl measure. 
 The ti.anks of the Htmse of Commons were 
 voted to Lieut, (iencial Cromwell on Oct. U'.th. 
 the day after the final assault, and liis letter to 
 the Speaker was ordered to be read in all pulpits. 
 It wasfurtlur ordered "tliat on the next Lord's 
 Day (Oct. I'.ltii) public thanks be given to 
 Almiglity (iod for His great mercies and bless- 
 ings upon tlie Parliament's forces under Lieut. - 
 General Cromwell and Colonel Dalbeere in 
 taking Winchester Castle and Basing House, in
 
 '24 f, 
 
 ( K n>i:i> i\ M')i i:\ in( 
 
 all diuirhis iiiiil cliapiis of London .unl West- 
 minster, iind within tlio lines of roniinnnica- 
 tion.'" The euptuie of ("liepstow \\;ih likewise 
 rernembeud on this day of th.inksgivinff. Hut 
 •whilst London was jubilant. Oxford uiouined 
 the fate of liasiut; House, as we Uarn from 
 "Mercurius N'eridicus" "when he (the jmst) told 
 
 them (in Oxfoid) that leasing was takoii there 
 was |iiesently almost as bad :i cry a-- w In ti tiny 
 heaid of the hws of Bristol. And thus the poor 
 ignorant people bemoaned tli< matter as if tliey 
 had lost their gods, in whiih doleful eondition 
 we leave them." Sueh wasthe " sack of Basing 
 House." 
 
 XOTK. — William Lilly, ilie i ckbratcd astrologer, erroneously piedicted thai Basing HouiC 
 would be taken at 2.45 p.n^. on September nth, 1645. 
 
 In the register of Sherfield are the following interesting entries': — 
 
 "1644. John Worlye, a sculdjer of ye Kentish Regimt. Buried, Octob. 26." 
 " 1645. Mr. Amias Preston, slaine att Basinge Siege. Buried, Octob. 16.
 
 CuAi'TKK XXXI. — Basing Hcusk Okmomshki) — Cijomwki.ls Dlpaktikk — Tin: Captive 
 Makquis — Lanofoku IIoLsr. Sukkkndkrs — Satikral PaMI'IU.KTS — Cdnfiscated 
 Estates — Subskquext Events — The Kin(; at Carishkookk — Royalist Risinos — 
 The Captive Monakcii — Archives of Win( hestkk — Soitiiampton and Pokts- 
 MoiTH Affairs — The Restoration — Death of the -Lovai, MARt^ris.' 
 
 CruiuwfU strongly urged thf dciuolitioii of 
 all that had escaped the fui-y of the spoilers and 
 the flames, saying, " I humbly ofl"cr unto you 
 (the Speaker) to have this place utterly slighted 
 (I.e., pulled down) for these following reasons : 
 It will ask about 8U0 men to manage it ; it is 
 no frontier ; the country is poor about it ; the 
 place exceedingly ruined by our batteries of 
 mortar pieces, and by a fire which fell upon the 
 place since our taking it. " 
 
 Anotlier writer wonders that the defence was 
 so long protracted, as not less tiian 10(10 men 
 were necessary to hold the position. The 
 neighbourhood is " not worth the defence, nor 
 able to support a garrison." All honour to the 
 bravo little garrison wIkj fought so hmg and well. 
 
 Cromwell added : " ff you please to take the 
 garrison at Farnham. some out of Chichester, 
 and a good part of the foot which were here 
 under Dalliicr, and to make a strong (juarter at 
 Newbury with three or four troops of horse, 1 
 dare be confidtint it would not only be ii curb to 
 Dcnnington( Donnington Castle, near Xewliury), 
 but a security and a frontier to all these [)arts ; 
 inasmuch as Newbury lies upon the river 
 (Kennet), and will prevent any incursion from 
 Dennington, Wallingford, and Farringdon into 
 these parts, and by lying there will make the 
 trade most secure between London and Uristol 
 for all carriages. And I believe the gentlemen 
 of Sussex and Hampshire will with more cheer- 
 fulness contribute to maintain a garrison on the 
 frontier than in their bowels, whicii will have 
 less safety in it." Chichester was, in fact, dis- 
 garrisoncd on March "J, IGK). 
 
 Donnington (Jastle had long been the stout 
 ally of Basing. Sir Marmaduke llawdon, some- 
 time Lieutenant-Governor of Basing House, was 
 
 in command at Farringdon. and Wallingford was 
 tlie last Royalist garrison that surrendered in 
 Berkshire. Cromwell states that he is about to 
 march westward with all speed on the morrow, 
 and asks for recruits, and pay for his army. He 
 concludes his tale of bloodsiied and ruin with 
 these words : '" The Lord grant that these 
 mercies may be acknowledged with all thank- 
 fulness. God exceedingly abounds in hisgoodnesa 
 to us, and will not be weary until righteousness 
 and peace meet ; and until He hath brought 
 forth a glorious work for the happiness of this 
 poor kingdom. Wherein desires to serve tiod 
 and you, with a faithful hand, your most humble 
 servant, Oi.lVEii Cko.mwei.i.." What he asked 
 was done. 
 
 In the Journals of the Houaeof Commons we 
 find the following entries : — 
 
 " Iwth October, lt)4a. — Resolved, that the 
 house, garrison, and walls at Ba.sing be forthwith 
 slighted and demolished." 
 
 " Resolved, that this House doth declare that 
 whosoever will fetch away any stone, brick, or 
 other materials of Basing House shall have the 
 same for his or their pains." 
 
 Of course, when permission had been thus 
 authoritatively given, the ruins were not long in 
 being carted away. 
 
 It was also decided that orders should be at 
 once sent to Cromwell to attack Donnington 
 Castle. The despatcii reachetl him late that 
 evening at Basing, wiien all prep.uations had 
 been made for tlie morrow's westward march, 
 and he altered nothispurpo.se. The Committee 
 for Hants and Dalbier were directed to co- 
 operate with Cromwell against Donnington, and 
 to decide what portion of Cromwell and Dalbier'a 
 forces should be left to protect Hampshire. On
 
 -i48 
 
 CkoMW I.I.I, liKAVIS H.\SI.N(i. 
 
 October IHth a hitter \v:ih ri'iul in tho House 
 from the (Niinuiittcc for Hants, loconiineiiding 
 tho plaiiu!' of a <^',UTison at Xcwbuiy, as a chock 
 upon DonniuRton ('astk'. and on the same day 
 it was oulorcd •• That tliuManinis of Winchester 
 be fortlnvifli sent a p;isnricr to the Tower." 
 Action was forthwitli taken, and the Marquis, 
 in company with Sir Robert Peake and about tJO 
 other |)risoiiers, was sent up from Hasing.stoke 
 to London under uuard, in the custody of 
 "Captain Terry, who is a person reported to 
 have done many good services," and who on 
 reporting liis arrival in London was ordered to 
 receive from the Sheriff of Hants ;")()/., where- 
 with to buy two good horses. Captain Terry 
 probably belonged to a family long resident at 
 Dummer. On the "Jath of April, lG4tJ. he is 
 described as " Captain Terry, of Surrey." The 
 prisoners reached London in the evening hours 
 of October 19th. and on the following day the 
 House of Lords gave order : 
 
 " That the Gentleman Usher attending this 
 House shall bring the Marquis of Winchester 
 to this House presently to acknowledge his 
 offence committed against this House, he being 
 taken in arms at Basing House, and then this 
 House will take into consideration how to 
 dispose of him further, and the Gentleman 
 Usher to take him into custody wheresoevei' he 
 shall find him." 
 
 The Gentleman Usher had not far to seek, 
 and we read : — " This day (October 20th) the 
 Marquis of Winchester was brought to the bar 
 as a delinquent, and the Speaker, by the direc- 
 tion of the House, told him ' That for his high 
 offence in deserting the Parliament, and for 
 taking up arms against the Parliament and 
 kingdom contrary to his duty, this House for 
 the present doth commit his Lordsliip to the 
 Tower of London, there to be kept in safe 
 custody during the pleasure of the House.' " 
 
 " Ordered — That the Marquis of Winchester' 
 shall have one of his servants to attend him in 
 the Tower of London." 
 
 Where, for the present, we will leave the nol)le 
 master and his faithful servant to talk long 
 and earnestly concerning the fate of stately 
 "Loyalty !" 
 
 " The gallant little garrison Avas dispersed 
 among gaols and hiding places at home, and the 
 lands of refuge abroad." 
 
 Sir Robert Peake was sent as a prisoner to 
 Winchester House, and his comrades in adversity 
 
 were committed to various prisons. William 
 Morgan and Edward Cole, two Roman Catholic 
 priests, were '"reserved for the gallows." and 
 '' amongst the common soldiers are two that are 
 suspected Jesuits," with whom, doubtless, it 
 fared but badly. Other prisoners were Capts. 
 Cufain (p. (jii), Tettersall. and Tasborough 
 (Peregrine Tasbury, p. ^J7),who were all Roman 
 Catholics, and Capts. Tamworth. Raisby, Snow, 
 (p. IGG), and Payne. Also Lieutenants Hugh 
 Glausie, an Irishman. Francis Massey. William 
 Faithorne (p. GG), Rowlet (p. GG), and lieck. 
 The Beck family held the manor of Woodcote 
 in 18G'2. and in 1G.')8 Gabriel Beck was M.P. for 
 Andover. Cornet Francis Hide, a Papist, and 
 Ensign Tunstall. of Foot. Some of the Hide 
 family lived at this time at Yarmouth. Isle of 
 Wight. Sergeant Henry Payne bore a well- 
 known Hampshire name, and Sergeants Christo- 
 pher Kenton. John Light, and Richard Foxall 
 shared his captivity, as did also Quartermaster 
 John Foy. and Corporals William Hare, a Papist, 
 and James Ellis. One of the Ellis family rented 
 Tylney Hall, in the last century. " Thomas 
 Web, clerk," seems to have been Hampshire 
 born, but assuredly Humphrey Yanderblin, 
 whose servant, William Smithson, .shared his 
 master's fortunes, was a foreigner. Thomas 
 Amtell, Roger Coreham (p. G7), John Weston, 
 and Oliver Lloyd are all described as gentlemen. 
 Lord Winchester's captive servants were " John 
 Goldsmith, Richard Pickover. John Richards, 
 Richard Read. William Eldridge. Robert Hod- 
 kins, the baker, a Papist, l.'i Irisli rebels and 
 Papists, William Brown, a spy. Edward Pawlet, 
 the hangman, and other common prisoners. 
 (p. 138). 
 
 At dawn on October l.)th. lG4o. Cromwell's 
 trumpets sounded " to horse," and the long 
 columns of the Ironsides marched away from 
 ruined Basing to join General Fairfax at Tiver- 
 ton. A march of 20 miles brought them to 
 Wallop, where the infantry halted for the night, 
 but Cromwell, having sent off a despatch to 
 Fairf.ix. made a forced march with the cavalry 
 to Langford House, near Salisbury, where 
 Lieut. -General Pell still held out for the King. 
 On the 17th a summons to surrender was sent 
 to the garrison, and " fair and equal conditions" 
 were speedily agreed upon, Lieut. -Col. Hewson 
 and Major Kelsey being deputed to act for 
 Cromwell. The garrison marched forth at noon 
 on October 18th. delivering up all arms and
 
 Satirical Pamphlets. 
 
 24y 
 
 ammunition uninjured. 30U arms, four barrels 
 of powder, bullet, match, and much provision 
 were found in the house, of which ^lajor Ludlow 
 was now appointed Governor. The comman- 
 ders-in-chief were to march out with horses and 
 arms, other gentlemen, not more than 14 in 
 number, might march out with swords, pistols, 
 and horses, if they .should lawfully possess them, 
 but the soldiers were to march out witliout arms. 
 The commanders-in-chief were to be allowed a 
 cart or w.aggon to convey their property to 
 Oxford, ten days being allowed for the march 
 thither, under convoy for the first day's march 
 of a troop of hor.se, and afterwards of a trumpet 
 and pass. Any gentlemen might have passes 
 for other Royal garrisons besides Oxford. 
 Property left in the ganison was to be restored 
 to its owners if demanded within two days. 
 Jiieut. -Colonel Bowles and Major Fry were to 
 remain as hostages for the execution of this 
 agreement. Lieut. -Colonel Hewson, who 
 reported tlie surrender in London, got .'jO/. to 
 buy two good horses. Basing and Langford 
 had fallen, but Donnington Castle was not 
 surrendered until April 1st, 1G46. For details 
 of the siege see Mr. Money's " Two Battles of 
 Newbury." 
 
 On Oct. 18th, ltj4.">, the House of Commons 
 appointed Thos. Bettesworth, jun., as High 
 Sheriff of Hants, and to command the horse 
 raised in the county, and four days afterwards 
 a letter was read from IMr. Wm. Cawley, of 
 Chichester, complaining of the diflBculty of 
 raising local funds and recruits for the army of 
 Fairfax. On Oct. 24th Sussex was ordered to 
 provide men for the garrison witli the county, 
 and to .send 200 foot to Donnington Castle as 
 previously ordered. On Nov. 7th tlu' same 
 county was ordered to lend a troop of horse and 
 200 foot to Major-Goneral Browne, at Abing- 
 don, til'' Parliament undertaking to pay them. 
 Hampshire was also ordered to at once pay the 
 arrears due for service in Hants to the Kentish 
 Dragoons, who were ordered to march to 
 Abingdon. Sir Henry Wallop, M.P. for Hants, 
 died in October, I()4.'), and most of the members 
 of Royalist sympathies within the county were 
 about this time disableil from sitting in Parlia- 
 ment. Richard Jervoiso, Es(i., M.P. for Whit- 
 church, died during this month. The Com- 
 mittees for Hants and Wilts wcrt- ordered, on 
 Dec. 2.kd, ]()4ri, to arnst and return to thoir 
 regiments all soldiers coming from the army 
 
 without license. Fairfax's army, when nurch- 
 ing to besiege Oxford, came from Salisbury to 
 Andover on April 2.'<th, l(j4tj, and proceeded to 
 ]^ewbury after a halt of two days. On March 
 2nd, 1(14(5, an order was given " that the 
 ordnance at Chichester be brought to Arundel 
 Castle, that Chichester be disgarrisoned. and 
 the fortifications made since the troubles 
 demolished." 
 
 A pamphlet was published in London on Oct. 
 24th, 1(;4.'), entitled " A Looking Glass for the 
 Popish Garrisons, as held forth in the life and 
 death of Basing House, &c." It speaks of " the 
 tall walls, bulwarks, and ports that were cast 
 up by the foreign engineer," sjiys that the 
 garrison could make the devil afraid, but could 
 not make Cromwell bow, and that Lord Win- 
 chester was t iken whilst " numbering his beads 
 very privately in an oven." It taunts the 
 garrison with the loss of all their contribution 
 money and plunder, and says " the nest is now 
 pulled down, the den is committed to the mercy 
 of the fire ; there is scarce one stone left upon 
 another." A satirical writer drew up pretended 
 articles of impeachment for high treason against 
 Sir Robert Peake, in the name of the Attorney- 
 General. 
 
 The first charge was that he had wilfully 
 betrayed Basing House, '• having the fear of 
 nobody but General Cromwell before his eyes." 
 Tiie second charge was that ho '• with an inten- 
 tion to weaken the King's most excellent irre- 
 ligious army, did betray into the hands of the 
 rebellious enemy the lives of many of His 
 Catholic subjects, who very like hath neither 
 been at prayer nor confession those seven years," 
 The third charge was that lie traitorously sur- 
 rendered many of tiie King's " serviceable sol- 
 diers, and tlie best affected men in all his gar- 
 risons, who have faithfully served hi.s Majesty 
 this long time without pay, ;ind carritd them- 
 selves very honestly towards the country. They 
 never plundered any man of more than ho had, 
 robbed nobody but friends and foes ; were never 
 drunk but when tiiey could get strong liquor ; 
 scarce one word in three was an oatli with them, 
 though they wore in extream passion, or upon 
 any extraonlinary occasion whatsoever : they 
 were over ready to s;illy upon the least occa- 
 sion, wlien the enemy was the fartiiest off ; and, 
 to speak the truth. I think they would never 
 have yielded had tliey been sure that tlie gar- 
 rison would never have been stormed ; these
 
 2r)0 
 
 TlIK Cai''ijvk Marqms. 
 
 men being so serviceable, loyal, and vuliunt, 
 have been betrayed and delivered up into the 
 hands of tlie enemy by the said Sir Robert 
 Peake. as aforesaid. " Lastly, tiiat lie liad<^iven 
 up money, plate, arms, &c., "necessarily raised 
 for tlie tieluding of Plis Majesty, defence of his 
 Catholic Council, maintenance of Popery, and 
 subversion and ruin of the ancient laws and 
 liberties of this kingdom." On tliese grounds 
 the writer ironically prays that the accused may 
 be sent to Oxford for trial. Sir Robert Peake 
 was after a time released, and was succeeded in 
 his business as an engraver and printseller by 
 his younger brother. In the year 1662 William 
 Faithorne dedicated to him " The Art of 
 Graving and Etching, wherein is expressed the 
 way of Graving on Copper," &c. Mr. Money 
 says that his name '' is attached to many prints 
 and other engravings now rare. He died in 
 July, 1667, and was buried with great military 
 pomp in St. Sepulchres Church, Holboru." He 
 had long been a resident in the parish of St. 
 Sepulchre. 
 
 The Marchioness of Winchester, who, by her 
 presence and earnest solicitations at Oxford, 
 had brought about the relief of Basing by Col. 
 Gage, and who had herself helped to cast the 
 lead from the turrets into bullets, could not 
 expect to escape, sister to the Earl of Essex 
 though she was, and accordingly we find the 
 following entry : — '• Friday, 9th Jan., 1646. To 
 let them (the House of Commons) understand 
 that the Lady Marquess of Winchester is 
 restrained by the Committee of Examinations, 
 and that this House (besides she being a Peeress 
 of this Realm) gave her a pass to come to this 
 town ; and this House have now thought fit to 
 commit her to the Gentleman Usher of the 
 House, and desires that she may be delivered 
 unto him accordingly." The pass referred to 
 had been asked for by Lord Winchester on 
 November 11th, 1645. He stated that he was 
 in want of many comforts in the Tower, it 
 being winter, and he being " for the present 
 somewhat infirm," and asked that his wife may 
 come to town, bringing with her some servants 
 and certain necessaries. The pass was granted, 
 as above mentioned. 
 
 The loth of January discloses a sad state of 
 things. The Marquis in the Tower, " having 
 nothing to feed him but what his keeper volun- 
 tarily gives him," is by the Lords recommended 
 to the House of Commons for an allowance out 
 
 of his own estate, • that he may not starve." 
 All his broad lands had lain under a sentence 
 of confi.scation evir since Octoljir iHth, 1643, 
 since which date a charge of high treason had 
 also been hanging over him. It was further 
 ordered on the iJl.st of January, li')46, "that 
 Mr. Lisle do bring in an ordinance for the full 
 granting unto and settling upon Lieutenant- 
 General Cromwell and his heirs the manors of 
 Abberston and Itchell, with the rights, members, 
 and appurtenances thereof, in the county of 
 Southampton, being the lands of Jolin, Marquis 
 of Winchester, a delinquent that hatli been in 
 arms against the Parliament, and a Papist." In 
 the lands round Basing House it was gradually 
 found that the Marquis had only a life interest. 
 Abberston and Itchell are respectively Abbot- 
 stone and Itchen Stoke. These only c(juld be 
 realised towards the ■J.'jIM)/. per annum promLsed 
 to be settled on Lieutenant-General Cromwell. 
 "On January 7th, 1G46-7, the remainder of the 
 2500/. was ordered to be provided from the 
 Marquis of Winchester's lands in general, which 
 in a fortnight more was found to be impossible." 
 Cromwell and Lieutenant-Colonel Joyce 
 quarrelled about Fawley Park. 
 
 For Cromwell's management of these lands 
 see Carlyle's " Letters and Speeches of Oliver 
 Cromwell. " 
 
 On September ■J5th, 1646, the estates of the 
 Marquis of Winchester were ordered by the 
 House of Commons to be sold for the purpose 
 just mentioned. 
 
 On November 9th, 1646, it is a satisfaction to 
 find that Edward Lord Pawlett, brother of the 
 Marquis, "who dsijined to I etray Bi.i-ing 
 House to Sir William Waller, is in such great 
 want that he prays relief out of his brother's 
 estate." 
 
 Released from the Tower, the " loyal ' 
 Marquis retired to the Continent to wait for 
 better days. 
 
 AVilliam P''aithorne, the father of the English 
 school of engraving, and the pupil of Sir Robert 
 Peake, with whom he worked for three or four 
 years, and under whom he served at Basing, 
 seems from his portrait, engraved by himself, 
 to have worn long hair after the most approved 
 Cavalier fashion. After the destruction of 
 Basing House he was imprisoned in Aldersgate, 
 where he was soon busy with his graver. 
 Released by the interest of friends, he went to 
 France until 1650, when he returned to England,
 
 Ol.I) A( CilAINTANCKS. 
 
 «51 
 
 marrifd. ami opened a shop without Temple 
 Bar. Tie sold en'^^i-iviu'^s, worked for the book- 
 sellors, especially for Mr. William Peake, a 
 brother of his old master, became wealthy, and 
 died in May, lO.H. (ChulmrrK' liiof/raph. Diet. ) 
 
 Hollar escaped t > Antwerp, but on the death 
 of his patron th ; Earl of Arundel returned to 
 England. The ll'^storation benefited him not, 
 and a mission to Tangier only earned for him 
 1 (»()/. and the barren title of the King's Icono- 
 grapher. A conscii.-ntious. painstaking artist 
 was he. for more than fifty years, engraving not 
 less than 24,') H) pi ites. He was a gooi man, 
 but his life was one long struggle for brevd, and 
 he died bes3eching the bailiffs not to remove him 
 to any other prison than the grave. (Boole of 
 D(t)/K. vol. i.. p. 4;i'2.) 
 
 Inigo Jones continued to design buildings and 
 to theorise on the origin of Stonehenge until 
 Juno 2 1st, lii.'ir}. whe!i he died at the age of >!(). 
 
 " Solid" Colonel Ludlow was afterwards 
 Deputy of Ireland, and married Treton's widow, 
 but strongly opposed the Protectorate of Crom- 
 well. At the Restoration he owed his escape to 
 the Continent to his old friend Colonel Morley, 
 and reached Lausanne, where ho narrowly 
 escaped assassination by Cavalier emissaries. 
 Mr. William (Jawley, of Chichester, died abroad, 
 and the Duke of York seized his estates. Dr. 
 Fuller, sometime Chaplain to the Forces at 
 Basing House, remained at E.\eter until the city 
 surrendered in April, 1(54(1. Ho had his share 
 of the troubles of the time, and was silenced in 
 1(V17, b'itl)e!arae Rector of Waltham Abbey in 
 the following year. Dying on August l")th, 
 lf)61. he was followed to the grave by more than 
 200 clergymen. Colonel Richard Xorton, "Idle 
 Dick," lived to re eive many a letter and visit 
 from Ills old friend Oliver. He was Covcrnor 
 of Portsmouth, atid on April 1.5th, KilT, it was 
 " Resolved tliat tticr.- shall be no offi<er within 
 any garrison above the rank of captain, but 
 only t!ie (Jovcrnor." The (Jovernor of I'orts- 
 mouth was to receive 12s. per diem as (Jovernor 
 and Hh. as Captain, making in all 1/. From 
 anotlier entry it seems that the Xs. was drawn 
 by the Governor of Portsmouth .as "Captain of 
 Southsea Castle." 'I'heCJovernors of Carisbrook 
 and Cilsliot Castles received 12s. and .')s. per 
 diem respctively. Colonel Norton sat in the 
 Litile or liarcbones" Parliament, and w.as elected 
 a member of tlio Council of State in the same 
 
 year. He " dwindled ultimately into Royalisra." 
 Colonel Harvey, his comrade and ally in the first 
 aUacks upon Basing Cif he be identical with 
 "the poore silk man. now Colonel), ' got the 
 Bishop of London's house and manor at Fulham. 
 For a time only I 
 
 Sir Marmaduke Rawdon defended Faringdon 
 as successfully as he had done Basing House. 
 Murray's handbook for Berkshire says that his 
 tomb is in the nave of the church, but tlie Rev. 
 H. Barne. Vicar of Farintrdon, says •• there is no 
 extant monument of Sir ]\Iarmaduke Rawdon in 
 Faringdon ciiurch as far as I can .ascertain. 
 There is a tiadition that there was one : l)ut I 
 apprehend that when the church was restored in 
 18.'i4 it was effaced !" Sir William Waller was 
 one of the 41 Presbyterian members •• jiurged 
 out by Colonel Pride, and w.as imprisoned by the 
 Independent party. He survived the Restoration, 
 and died at O.sterley Park. Middlesex, on Sept. 
 lilth ](;(]«." Sir Ricliard Onslowe, Kt.. - of thr 
 old stamp, a gentleman of Surrey, of good parts 
 and a considerable revenue, " successfully wea- 
 thered the tempests of the period. Purged out 
 by Pride, he afterwards raised and led a Surrey 
 reeiment to Worcester fight in 1(3,'),'5. He spoke 
 strongly in favour ofCromwell's becoming King, 
 but was afterwards a member of the Convention 
 Parliament which restored Chirlcs II. t«) the 
 throne. The history of Cromwell all men know. 
 Col. Daibier took Donnington Castle, friendly to 
 Basiner, on April 1st. 1()4(). and in the following 
 year was ordered to bring in a list of pirsons 
 willing to serve tlie Parliament, but in lt)4S he 
 joined tlie Royalist insurgents under Lord Hoi 
 land, wishing to be revenged on tliearmy. wliich 
 some officers "despised for their ill-lireetling ami 
 mucli preaching." The insurrection was specilily 
 crushed, and at an inn at St. Xeofs in Hunting 
 donshire, Dall)ier was hacked in pieces, "soangry 
 were the soldiers at him." There was a Berk 
 sliire tradition in'lT.')'.' that Daibier was invnl 
 ner.iblc, and tliat cannon balls were seen to 
 rebound from his body I His head was struck 
 off and exposed to public view. .Sir Balthazar 
 Gerbier, in l('i(>.'>. congratulated Lord Winchester 
 "that Daibier is no more (nor a prince of tlie air. 
 save the carcase* of his head on a pole) drawing 
 lines of circumvallation about your seat.s." 
 
 Lord (Joring was brought to trial before the 
 Iliph Court of Justice in 10)48-'.!. and was found 
 guilty of treason. In the House of Commons
 
 PiKiTAN Rum;. 
 
 tho numbers for and against his execution wure 
 equal, Init Speaker Lenthall's casting vote saved 
 the prisouLr'a life. 
 
 The Culfand (Cufford) family were long 
 famous for their attachment to the House of 
 Stuart, and one of tlie family refused in 171") to 
 take tlie oath of allegiance to George I. 
 
 Into the story of the residence in Hampshire 
 of Richard Cromwell, wlio married Miss Dorothy 
 Major, of Hursley, we have not space to enter, 
 nor does it come within our province. For full 
 details see Carlyle's " Letters and Speeches of 
 Oliver Cromwell,"' "Duthy's Sketches of Hamp- 
 shire," &c. One who knew him says, ' He was 
 a very good neighbourly man while he lived with 
 us at Hursley." He rode hunting in a tie-wig, 
 and in H\')A took part in the marriage of two of 
 the parishioners of Eling. 
 
 The loyal High Sheriff of Sussex, Sir Edward 
 Ford, had married the sister of the Parlia- 
 mentary General Ireton. Dying in Ireland in 
 1G70, his body was brought over to his native 
 parish of Harting, in Sussex, for burial. 
 
 Sir Robert Wallop, of Hurstbourne, was one 
 of the King's Judges. He was at the Restora- 
 tion attainted of high treason, and sentenced to 
 be deprived of his gentility and imprisoned for 
 life. "This sentence was put in force in January, 
 16&2. His lands were forfeited by Act of Par- 
 liament, and placed in trust to the Earl of 
 Southampton, for Sir Robert Wallop, his wife, 
 and children. Old Sir Robert begged for free- 
 dom more than once, being old and diseased, 
 but Hearst, the physician, certified that exposure 
 to the air would hasten his death, he being weak 
 with long illness. He was therefore not released 
 until his death, in November, 1667. His 
 sentence was reversed during the reign of 
 William and Mary, and he was succeeded by his 
 son Henry, who represented Whitchurch in 
 Parliament. 
 
 Col. Herbert Morley was one of the King's 
 judges, but did not sign the death-warrant. He 
 met Charles II. when that monarch was a 
 fugitive from Worcester fight, but did not 
 recognise him. The King, on being told who it 
 was, replied merrily, " I did not like his 
 starched mouchates." He, with others, secured 
 Portsmouth in 16.59 for the Parliament, and 
 made " incursions into Hampshire and Sussex, 
 where he had many friends," and soon after- 
 wards, marchinsi to Hounslow with some horse, 
 restored it to the Parliament on Dec. -JGth, 1659. 
 
 At the Restoration he hcuitated long,but at longtii 
 purchased his pardon for 10i)UZ., and died in 
 peace at Glyndo, in Sussex, on Sept. J'.lth, 1667, 
 in the fifty-second year of his age. 
 
 Under the rule of the Parliament, as wc 
 learn from Dr. Milner, in Hampshire parishes 
 the Directory was substituted for the Prayer 
 Book in churches, chapels, and private families. 
 Deans, chapters, and archdeacons were sum- 
 marily abolished, together with bi.shops. arch- 
 bishops, and even their dioceses. Certain 
 presbyteries and classes were appointed in lieu 
 of parishes. Tiie Puritans styled themselves 
 '' abhorrers." They appointed a general fast 
 on Christmas Day, aid another to be held every 
 month as an expiation for the crying sin of 
 religious toleration. The use of the Book of 
 Common Prayer either in public or in private 
 entailed for the first offence a fine of ')l. ; for 
 the second a fine of 10/.; and for the third three 
 years' imprisonment was the penalty. Quakers 
 were whipped, whilst Roman Catholics were 
 hanged and quartered. Between July, 1641, 
 and June, 1654, no fewer than 21 priests were 
 executed, besides others who also received sen- 
 tence of death. Many of the city and cathedral 
 clergy refused to take the Soleoui League and 
 Covenant, and to adopt the Directory, and were 
 in consequence treated with severity as delin- 
 quents. Dr. Thomas Gawen, who was rector of 
 Exton, and tutor to Bishop Curie's children, 
 became a Roman Catholic (as did many other 
 distinguished clergy), and wrote several contro- 
 versial and devotional tracts. Church lands 
 were sold for the benefit of the State between 
 1646 and 1651. John Lisle, Esq., M.P. for 
 Winchester, was Master of St. Cross until 1657, 
 when he was succeeded by John Cooke, 
 Solicitor-General to the Parliament, who was 
 executed at the Restoration. Mr. Lisle's widow 
 was Dame Alicia Lisle, who was sentenced at 
 Winchester, by order of Judge Jeffreys, on 
 September 2nd, 1685. 
 
 On November "J 7tli, 1647, a sum of money was 
 at Winchester taken out of the coffers and 
 delivered to 3Ir. Mayor to pay the soldiers, and 
 40s. was '• expended about the city business in a 
 journey to London concerning the removing of 
 the said soldiers." 
 
 On June 2nd. 1648: "Taken out of the 
 coffers five pounds, which was delivered to Mr. 
 Mayor to go to London about the city business, 
 for which he is to give an account." On
 
 The Cai'Tivk M<inak<h. 
 
 253 
 
 November 24th, " money was taken out of the 
 coffers to piy Mr. Moggcridge in full of his 
 bill for dressing of maimed soldiers and for 
 ointment." 
 
 Mr. IIillier"s able work on " Charles I. in the 
 [sle of Wight," renders it quite uniiecessiry for 
 us to enter upon that mo.st interesting subject. 
 Mr. Moody's " Sketches of Hanipshire" s!iould 
 also be consulted. We need only note that 
 Colonel Hanxmond, whom we have already met 
 at B:l8inL,^ was the Kings gaoljr at (^arisbrook, 
 having been appointed Governor of the Isle of 
 Wight, of whii h his grandmother was a native, 
 on September (jth. 1(147. He was subordinate 
 to Fairfax in military mitter.s, ami to the 
 Parliament in civil alfairs. Whon he dismissed 
 the King's servants at Carisbro)k. Capt.Burleigli, 
 who liad formerly commanded the King's ship 
 Antelope, of .')1_' tons burden and KJhnen, and 
 had been dismissed wh;m the fleet rebelled 
 against the King, a man of good family in the 
 Island, tried to rescue his royal master. He 
 was " a man of more courage tlian of prudence 
 or circumspection," and causing a drum to be 
 beaten in the streets of Newport, cried, " For 
 God, the King, and tlio p?ople." and said " he 
 would lead tliem to tlie Castle, and rescue the 
 King from his captivity." This rash attempt 
 was at once crushed, oven the King's servants 
 urging the people to return home, but poor 
 Captain Burleigh was tried at Winchester on 
 January 22nd, 1648, before Jud^e Wild on a 
 charge of Iii<:h treason, .ind sentence 1 to bo 
 hanged, drawn and quiutcred on j'ebrnaiy Jnd, 
 14(5-<. He died nobly, and to the credit of the 
 county Gregory, the executioner, was of 
 necessity brougiit down from London, as no 
 Hamp.shirc man would carry out tlie sentence. 
 The same Judge, and almost the same Jury, 
 tried llolph, Osborne, and Doucet, at Winchester, 
 for attempting to witlidruw the King from 
 Carisbrook Castle. These men were actuated 
 by very dilferent motives. Osborne and Doucet 
 wished to set the royal prisoner free, but 
 Rolph avowed his intention to liave pistolled 
 the King. Tlie (irand Jury '' found an 
 ignoramus upon the Bill," in conscquonce of tlio 
 Judges directions. (Clarenilon, Book 11). 
 
 Several ship^ in the Parliaments service went 
 over to the King, on May 27th, 1G4S, and not 
 long afterwards Prince Charles arrived otf 
 Lymington (p. 1 HI) with a licet, but wis 
 repulsed at Yarmouth, and retired. The town 
 
 supplied the Cavaliers freely with provisions, 
 and the Mayor. Barnard Knapton, would have 
 accepted i subordinate military command in the 
 Prince's army if it had succeeded in gaining a 
 footing in the Isle of Wight. The Duke of 
 Monmouth was, in lt5.-<.'), proclaimed King by 
 the Mayor of Lymington. who also raise 1 lOU 
 men for his nervice. Xot only was Charles L a 
 prisoner at Carisbrook. but his dauglitor I'rio- 
 ce.ss Elizilietii died there in captivity on Sep- 
 tember f<ih, ltj.'»0. She was buried in St. 
 Thomas's Church. Newport, where a b-autiful 
 monument by Baron Marochotti has been 
 erected by Her Majesty to comm .'morale her 
 hapless fate. On November ;}i)th Colonel Cob- 
 bett condu ted King Charles under escort to 
 Hurst Castle (p. .')2), which is thus il-scribed : 
 '• This castle stands a mile and a half in the sea. 
 upon a beach full of mud and stin'ang ooze 
 upon low tides, having no fresh water within 
 two or three miles of it, so cold, foggy, and 
 noisome that the guards cannot endure it with- 
 out shifting quarters." Colonel Eur \ who had 
 formerly been Lieut Miant-Colonel under Colonel 
 Hammond, and of whom Firetjraco gives a vivid 
 description, here guarded the royal oaptive, who 
 was, on December 17th, UU"^, removed by 
 Colonel Cobbott by way of Lynihurst. 
 Ringwood, Romsey, Winchester, Alrcs- 
 ford, Farnham, and Bagshot t > Windsor. 
 Guizot says '• Three miles from Hurst 
 he found a body of horse c'lirgod to 
 escort him to Win liester. Everywhere on his 
 ro id a crowd of gentl -m -n, citizens, and p jasants 
 came round him. Some of them were sight- 
 seekers, who retired after they had s^eii him 
 pass, without any particular observation. Others 
 deeply interested, an I praying aloud for his 
 lil)erty. As lie approached Winchester the 
 Mayor and Aldermen came to meet hira, and 
 presenting him, according to cnst un, tlie keys 
 and mace of the city, addres.scd to him a speech 
 full of alTection. But Cobbett, ru lely pushing 
 his way towards them, asked if they h id for 
 gotten til it the House had dec! ire I all who 
 should address the King traitors. Wiioroupon, 
 seized with terror, the functionaries poured 
 fortli humble excuses, protesting tlicy were 
 ignorant of the will of the House, and conjur- 
 ing Cob'oett to obtain their pardon. The next 
 day the King resumed his journey. Mr. Joseph 
 Butler was the loyal Mayor of Winch stor, and 
 the then rocout and barbarous execution of
 
 2M 
 
 Ai{(iiivi;s III" \V'i.N( iii.sTi.K. 
 
 Captain Burleigh in thftt city was amply suffi- 
 cient to terrify oven the bravest of Cavaliers. 
 In the Cor[)onitioii lleconls of Winclioster we 
 read. " 7th ilay of Mareh, It)'))). Taken out of 
 the eoffera ami payd to ye Clarke of Lawraiice 
 Church for tolintj yo bell for ye prisoners, 
 3s. 4d. i\lor>' to ]\[r. Tlolloway for instructing 
 th(^ seven inisoners. t'.s. ?>d.'' The Corporation 
 of Wiiiehester had sent the city plate, valued 
 at ^>^l. 6s. "Ul.. and other plate belonging to 
 various citizens, of tlie value of ;{ii(l/. more, to 
 Oxford for the service of the King. They had 
 also lent His Majesty 10(10/., and had been 
 several times plundered by the Parliamejit 
 party, and tlie Castle and divers houses of great 
 value by them demolished. After the city had 
 surrendered to Cromwell a forced contribution 
 of 14(*0/. -vvas exacted by the victors, so that 
 the city could not maintain the JOO poor 
 families re^^iding within the walls. On "N"ov. 
 5th. 1(),")-, the sum oi' ."i/. was paid to Mr. 
 Richard Purdue in full of all monies lent by him 
 to Sir William Waller for tiie service of the 
 State. On December 19th, 1(>51. payment was 
 made to Mr. Thomas Mnspratt, the ex-]\rayor, 
 of -Os.. '' which was laid out by him in the 
 business between the city and S^ir Richard 
 Tichbourne." and on December 3rd. 1().')2. a 
 similar re-payment was made to Mr. Hussey. 
 On February. ISth, 'l^]y^. '• Taken out and sent 
 to ]Mr. Humbridge. solicitor to the Committee 
 of Plundei-ed Ministers, the sum of Sf)/. for 
 service done for the city at the Committee 
 aforesaid, 1/. l.")s." On December 23rd. 1 G5.3, 
 re-payment was made to the Mayor of V2l. 14s. 
 spent "for payment of the Dutch prisoners.'" On 
 May Jnd, ir).")ti, " Taken then out of the coffers 
 to pay ^^ir William Waller for tlie purchase of 
 the Castle, with the appurtenances and other 
 material therein belongiui,'. the sura of two 
 hundred and three sovereigns, and on Sept. 
 9th, U)50. deeds and several copies of the 
 value of 3/." Some of the purchase money was 
 borrowed from Mr. John Complin, and repaid 
 on October 30th, 1657. 
 
 On April 3rd. 1G57. mention is made of 30/. 
 paid to Captain Palmer, and of " an agreement 
 with the Lord Richard Cromwell, in the behalf 
 of the country." October "23rd. 1(357. - To 
 six several messengers for bringing proclama- 
 tions. 15s." A lawsuit had been pending 
 against Sir William Waller, the cost of which 
 was 3/. Is. 4d. Of this sum 1/. lis. 3d. was 
 
 paid to Mr. Champion, on July Kth, \CJ,H, in 
 part payment of his account, which was finally 
 settled on December ■J3rd, 105H. On October 
 •2*2nd, 1()5.S, " For building the walls going to 
 the Castle, H/.fis. (Id.," and on December 23rd of 
 the same year 1 /. 1 Kg. was expended on the 
 Dut( h jirisoners, and 148. (jd. for " addresses to 
 the Tjord Protector." Richard Cromwell. But 
 Colonel John Clobery. whose home wasCloberr 
 House, in Parchment-street, on the site of which 
 the hospital was afterwards built, and who com- 
 manded a regiment in Scotland, was already 
 planning the Restoration, with his friend General 
 Jlonk. Charles TI. was proclaimed King in Win- 
 chester, on May 12th, 1(3(50. and the cost of the 
 civic rejoicings was no less a sum than 34/. 28. 6d. 
 
 Charles I. was not unknown in Southampton, 
 for in 1625, the first year of his unhappy reign, 
 he. says ^Ir. [Moody, •• fled from the plague then 
 raging in London, and summoned his Parliament 
 to meet at Oxford." Soon after he came with 
 his Council to Southampton, to deliberate with 
 Ambassadors from Holland. The house where 
 he was entertained is Xo 17. High-street, and 
 still contains specimens of cai-^'ing that once 
 profusely adorned it. In 1634 an order was 
 "for Southampton to furnish a ship of 700 tons, 
 armed and victualled, to aid in the suppression 
 of the Turks and other sea rovers. I'.i5/. wa»> 
 levied in Southampton as ship money, and in 
 1641 Charles I. granted to the town the last 
 charter (now in force). ' For several of these 
 and other previously mentioned incidents in the 
 history of Southampton I am indebted to the 
 kindness of T. W. Shore. Esq., of the Hartley 
 Institution. In 1647 the Platform took shape, 
 and in 1649 Xathaniel Robinson, a friend of 
 Oliver Cromwell, was settled in the Rectory of 
 All Saints. For the correspondence between 
 Robinson, Cromwell, and Richard Major, of 
 Hursley, concerning the marriage of Richard 
 Cromwell and Dorothy Major, see Carlyles 
 '• Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell." 
 Robinson was ejected in 1662. and be^iame the 
 first minister of Above Bar Chapel. 
 
 It was proposed to send the King as a present 
 on January 6th. 1647. he being then at Caris- 
 brooke Castle, certain provisions for his house- 
 hold, but the cautious burgesses resolved that 
 their M.ayor should first write to their member 
 (Mr. Exton) to ask his opinion of this. When 
 Cromwell had schemed the government into his 
 own hands. Southampton refused to give admis-
 
 AkKAIKS at PoRTSMOlTll. 
 
 255 
 
 sion to his troops until Capt;iin Jubba from 
 Portsmouth obtained an entninco into thu town 
 by means of a ruse. He surprised the Mayor 
 and Council in their Council House, which 
 he surrounded with troops, obliging them to 
 BUrreniler tlie keys of the town gates. William 
 Higgins, the jMayor, and Edward Downer were 
 hereupon deposed (in 1().")4) by order of Crom- 
 well for disaffection to his (Toveriiment. On 
 March 11th. IG.").'*, Robert Mason, of South- 
 ampton, of whom mention has alieady been 
 made, was at Salisbury, taking a leading part in 
 the rising in AViltshire and Dorsetshire, umler 
 Penruddock, against the Parliament. On j\Iay 
 5th, 11)51), Major - General (ioffe wrote to 
 Thurloe,Cromweirs8ecretary,complainingof the 
 wicked spirit of the Southampton Magistrates. 
 
 Goffe was major-general of Hampshire and 
 Sussex, for which he received 1141/. ;is. ;id. per 
 annum, besides his major-generalship. At the 
 Restoration he escaped to America, and in his 
 old age, by his sudden appearanc and military 
 skill, saved a New England village from being 
 destroyed by Indians. Thus clos'd a stirring 
 and eventful career. In December, KJfi'.i, Ports- 
 mouth openly declared for the Parliament, and 
 the leaders of the army at once despatched 
 troops thither. The following extracts from a 
 letter quoted in '' Slight's History of Ports- 
 mouth" give some interesting details. Colonel 
 Whetham was Governor of Portsmouth, and 
 under his command were Sir A. Haslerig and 
 Colonels Morley and \V ilton : — 
 
 " Chichester. Doconiber 0th. l(i.')0. 
 
 Upon the arrive of this sudden change and 
 alteration in so consideral>lo a garrison as Ports- 
 mouth, it was ordered that a considerable body 
 of horse and foot should be sent down forth- 
 with into the western parts to reiluce that gar- 
 rison or ti) block it up, and accordingly the Lord 
 Disbrow was made ciioice of, as Commander-in- 
 Chief, for that expedition, wlio advanced with 
 several troops of horse from Westminster, and 
 on Tuesday night la.st Colonel Hewaon's regi- 
 ment of foot began their march from tiio City 
 of London, and five companies of Colonel (Jib- 
 bon's regiment from the borough of .Soutiiwark. 
 
 Also all possibl(> care is taken 
 
 for the waylaying, .stopping, and guarding the 
 several avenues and passes fronting :ind hading 
 to the town, that so the reducing of it may 
 prove the more facile, and tljo work expedited. 
 By these sudden and unexpected commotions, a 
 
 translate of some forces are expected from the 
 northern parts, and 'tis said that three regi 
 ments of horse and dragoons are already on their 
 march. Fronr wiience it is affirmed that Lord 
 Lamberts infantry consists of above 7' mi foot, 
 and that lie hath a very considerable body of 
 hor.se. And it is the expectations of many that 
 there will be a mutual comurrenci and happy 
 
 accommodation By the 
 
 la.st express from Portsmouth, on Saturday last, 
 it is certified that a party ot horse came as far 
 as (rosport and faced the town, but afterwards 
 wheeled off at a further distance. Seven troops 
 are also marched from Peterstield towards 
 Chichester, and some commotions are feared 
 about Exeter. The foot that matched from 
 London was met on Saturday last between 
 Lockhup (Lipiiook) and Peterslield. and intend 
 to arrive before Portsmoutii tiie IJth inst., 
 which place is said to be supplied witli great 
 store of provision and ammunition, iiaviug above 
 three-score pieces of ordnance." 
 
 i)i,ssensions ran hiirli in Portsmouth, but 
 Colonel Whetham promptly arrested Captains 
 Smith, i'eacock, and Brown, with about six of 
 tiie townsmen. He also secured tlie fifteen men- 
 of-war then in harbour, which were the Dia- 
 iiiond, lithi/, Sajiphire, Pelican, Druf/oii, and 
 ten others. 7011 landsmen and 14ii horse formed 
 the garrison, for wiiose supply many of the 
 neighbouring gentlemen furnished provisions, 
 whilst otiiers came to assist personally in the 
 defence with horses and arms. '• Major Cadwell 
 having notice thereof, immediately advanced 
 with liis own troop ami two otliers towards 
 Petersfield. to who.se assistance some few with- 
 drew from Parnham and those part.s, with a 
 resolution to bhxk up tiie garri.son if tliey can." 
 Colonel Morley and his friends endeavoured to 
 persuaile tlie Governors of Portland Isle and 
 Castle, and of Cowes, Hurst, and Carisbroolco • 
 Castles to join them. Tiieir head-ijuarters wefo 
 at the " Rod Lion ' Inn. wliich stood on the 
 site of No. in, High-street. The siege was 
 speedily raised, as nine troops of Colonel 
 Perry's (Terry's y) horse and five companies of 
 Colonel Lagos foot joined the besieged garri- 
 son. On the Wednesday before Decemlwr "JHrd, 
 IG.V.t, Sir Arthur Hastings marclu-d at 10 a.m. 
 with.')(Ki() men to tlio as-sistanco of the Parlia- 
 ment, leaving only 40ii in garri.son. lie halted 
 that night at Petersfield. and proceeded next 
 day to Guildford. (Woodward.)
 
 Till " LovAL Mahqi I.- 
 
 1)1 i;s 
 
 But tlio Jtestot.'itioii w;is oro long a grout 
 reality, aiul rojoicing Cavaliers could sing with 
 impunity of "The Sale oi Rebellions House- 
 hold Stuff :— 
 
 " And here are old Noll's brewing veeBeh, 
 
 Anil here are liis dray and his slings ; 
 
 Here are Hewson'sawl and his bristles, 
 
 Anil diverse i)t her odd thini,'8; 
 
 And what is the price dolh belong 
 
 To all these matters before ye? 
 
 I'll sell them all for an old soug. 
 
 And so do I end my story ! " 
 On April "J'ltli, liiiji). tin.' House of Lords 
 thanked God lor deliverance " from Thraldom, 
 Confusion, and Slavery," and in IGlll a writ 
 was issued amongst others to tlie Manjuis of 
 Winchester, summoning him to tlie Flouse of 
 Lords. 
 
 Ilis brotlur. Lord Charles Pa\vlet,occupied the 
 family residence at Abbotstone after the 
 restoration, whilst he l.iniself found a home 
 at Englefield House, which liad come to him 
 through the Marchioness, from the family of 
 Sir F. Walsingham. and which, according to 
 Camden, he rebuilt and greatly improved. 
 Captain Symonds, in lG-)3, calls Englefield "now 
 the house of the Lord Marquis of Winchester,'' 
 and Sir Balthazar G rbier praises it highly in 
 the dedication of his "Council and Advice to all 
 Builders, qto. 1G63." The Marchioness died here 
 in her ancestral home on March 10th, 1661, aged 
 51 years, six months, and I'.i days. John 
 Milton wrote hor epitaph : — 
 
 '• This rich marlde doth inter 
 
 The honoured wife of Winchester; 
 
 A viscount's daui:hter, and cail'a heir, 
 
 Besides what her virtues fair. 
 
 Added to her noble birth 
 
 More than she could own from earth." 
 
 On !March 5th, 167-1. the Marquis died in his 
 77th year, and was buried inthe little church in 
 the park, as was also the second Marchioness, 
 who siiared with him the dangers of the siege at 
 Basing. His tomb is described as being a neat 
 monument of black and white marble, and in 
 a compartment this inscription in gold Roman 
 letters : — 
 
 '■ He who in impious times undaunted stood, 
 And midst relellion durst be just and good, 
 \\'h(ise arms asserted, and whose sutYerin^;8 more 
 Conlirmod the cause for which he fought before. 
 Rests here, rewarded by an heavenly prince 
 For what his earthly could not recompense. 
 Pray, reader, that such times no more appear. 
 Or, if ti'.ey happen, learn true honour' here. 
 Ask of this age's faith and loyalty. 
 
 Which to preserve them Heavi-n conlined in thee. 
 Few subjects Ciiild a King like thino deserve, 
 And fewer such a Kiiiij so well could serve. 
 Blest King, blest subject, whose exalted state 
 By sulferings rose, and gave the law to fate I 
 Such souls are rare, but might patterns given 
 To earth, and mi;antfor ornaments to heaven. 
 
 By JoH.V Dkyde.v, Poet Laureat." 
 " Th • Lidy ,Marchion -.ss Dowager (in testi 
 mony of her love and sorrow) gave thi,s monu 
 ment to the memory of a most affectionaK-. 
 tender husband.'" 
 
 And on a m irble sto:ie on the ground at thi' 
 foot of the said monument is this inscription, 
 ill Roman capitals : — 
 
 " Here lietli interred the body of the most 
 Xoble and Mighty Prince John Powlet, Marquis 
 of Winchester, Earl of Wiltsliire. Baron of .St, 
 John, of Basing, first Marquis of England ; a 
 man of exemplary piety towards God, and of 
 inviolable fidelity towards his Soveri;ign ; in 
 whose cause he fortified his bouse o^' Basing, 
 and defended it against the rebels to the last 
 extremity. He married three wives." >tc. (here 
 follow various family particulars). 
 
 " He died in the 7Tth year of his age, on tht 
 .')th of March, in the year of our Lord 1674. 
 "By Edward ^Valker. Garter King at Arms.' 
 Woodward and Wilkes say " Loyaltj' House 
 was never rebuilt. The Dukes of Bolton pre- 
 ferred their fine new place at Hackwood, to say 
 nothing of Abbotstone, to the ancient mansion 
 of their stock. And then afterwards Basing 
 passed away from the Paulets. But yet of the 
 grand old mansion house and its former mag 
 nificence there are plenty of vestiges all iiround, 
 and in local names some memory of the great 
 siege still survives.'' 
 
 Now the grass grows green over the crumbling 
 ramparts, but still may the lover of the past 
 pace along the works which so often echoed to 
 the tread of Cavalier sentinels. Still may he 
 see the w%alks trodden by Good Queen Bess. 
 Fuller, Inigo Jones, and the noblest and 
 loveliest of the land. The Basingstoke Canal 
 runs through the ruins, but much is still left of 
 the moats, whose sloping sides were often red- 
 dened with English blood. The green ivy 
 twines gracefully around the curtain and the 
 ruined shells of the fl.inking towers. The Gar- 
 rison Gate, through which rode many a Royalist 
 troop of horse, still stands erect, bearing the 
 family arms, warning all passers by to " Love 
 Loyalty." 
 
 1
 
 TllKASLRi; Trovk. 
 
 2o7 
 
 On two occasions, nt least, treasure has been 
 found within the memory of man. 
 
 Two excavators employed in digging the canal 
 made a discovery and departed at once, not 
 
 caring to claim the wages due to them, and a 
 former inhabitant of Basingstoke was known to 
 be in possession of a number of gold coins of 
 the reign of Charles I. 
 
 FINIS 
 
 A),'aiM thanknig numerous friends and helpers for much valuable informatum Ill()^^t rtadilj 
 and kindly given, here ends this imperfect account of " The Civil War in Hampshire, und the 
 Story of Basing House. ""
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Siege of Portsmouth— Defence and Defiance— Farnham Castle— Isle of Wight— 
 
 MiNSTEAD AND ANDOVEB— LUDLOWS SKIRMISH— CHICHESTER AND SUSSEX— THE '• SaNCTA 
 
 Clara." 
 
 A few facts gleaned from various sources, more 
 especially from the Journals of the House of Commons 
 and from '• A True Relation of the Passages which 
 happened at tlio Town of Portsmouth (August I2th to 
 September 7th, l(i42), written by one that was 
 employed in that Service." may fitly be inserted here. 
 They relate to the period between August, 1(U2, and 
 March, l(i l.i, and have been obtained whilst this volume 
 was passing through the Press. 
 
 During the siege of Portsmouth, Goring's men are 
 said to have carried olf (p. 4o) from Portsea Isle about 
 350 cattle, with many sheep and lambs, to Portsmouth. 
 They killed the best, - and the rest they kept within 
 the town upon some ground below the mounts that 
 round the town, but the most of them were kept on a 
 marsh near the town," guarded by musketeers. On 
 August 1 1'th the trooper who lost his horse (p. 18) had 
 his hat cut. "and his head a little rased with a sword, 
 but not much hurt." Two mounts were now raised at 
 Portbridge to guard that important pass. The Ilen- 
 n><^a J/rtri'a, pinnace (p. 40), was taken to Southamp- 
 ton, where six of her guns were landed and brought 
 back to the neighbourhood of Portsmouth. Three of 
 them were pointed towards the town, and the others 
 towards " Porohdowue." The wheel of the abandoned 
 gun (p. tu) had broken. Several skirmishes took 
 place with foragers (p. 18). but '• no great hurt done, 
 though some cannon bullets came very near, and under 
 their horses' bellies." The biu-nt mill (p. 18) was " a 
 water mill, that only goeth at the ebbing of the sea." 
 One Puritan trooper here lost his hat. which fell off, 
 and another lost his sword, which the captor said was 
 worth o/., "a ribbon breaking at his wrist," Two 
 days afterwards the Parliamentarians asked a parley 
 for the exchange of prisoners. The garrison '• knew 
 not the sound of a parley from an alarum." and fired 
 on the trumpeter, but missed him. The brave Scotch- 
 man (p. 18) was sent blindfolded •' to a place called 
 
 Newgate, exchanged, and mounted behind the trum- 
 peter." Master Winter (p. IH) was Lieutenant of 
 Southsea Castle. He was detained at the Court of 
 Guard, which was a mile and a half distant from the 
 town, close to a farmhouse, where Sir William 
 Waller had established his headquarters. His son 
 carried back intelligence to Portsmouth that the King 
 was at Broadlands, if not nearer, and that a troop o£ 
 Parliament horse had gone to bring His ATajesty to 
 Lady Norton's house, Southwick. Lord Wentworth's 
 servant, disguised as a shepherd, reached Portsmouth 
 together with his guide, and stated that the King would 
 arrive from Oxford within four days with 12,000 foot, 
 6500 horse, and 30U0 Dragooners. On August 18th 
 the noise of pickaxes and carts at Gosport was plainly 
 heard in Portsmouth. The man killed (p. 18). who is 
 also said to have been shot by a sentry in mistake, was 
 •• Peter Baker, a very good ship carpenter." A 
 blindfolded trumpeter was to no purpose sent by the 
 besiegers to propose a parley on August 27th. On 
 Monday. August 2'.ith, the town fired heavily on Gosport 
 and the Parliament Court of Guard, but the gimners 
 only " made some holes into the tops of houses at 
 Gosport, but killed not a man or a horse." A blind- 
 folded trumpeter brought into Portsmouth, on Sept. 
 2nd, two bucks, which had been promised to Goring 
 by the Parliamentarj^ Committee on the previotis 
 Saturday (p. 42), and on the same day, about 4.0 p.m., 
 the two gun battery at Gosport opened tire. The soldier 
 who was killed (p. 19) was "carrying of earth on the 
 great mount at the gate." Only a few shots were fired 
 from Gosport during this night. On September -Srd, 
 besides other damage, the besiegers '' shot down the 
 end of the chmxh, and shot through a great many 
 houses in the town, but killed not anybody." Vicars 
 has written "Larvace" for " Jervoise" (p. 29). as 
 appears from the original. Goring left Portsmouth 
 for France and Holland at 6.0 p.m. on the day of the
 
 Dkkknck anu Dekianci: 
 
 259 
 
 surrender. (P. 20.) His property was shipped on 
 that and the following day. On Tuesday. September 
 Gth, the decomposed liody of a brave Dutch trooper, 
 who had been missing for 11 days, and whose horse 
 had returned with a blood-stained saddle, was dis- 
 covored by his beniegin;; comrades with >'</. still in his 
 pocket. On September 8th two troops of horse reached 
 Portsmouth at noon, and two companies (jf foot were 
 posted in Portsea Isle. Hay and provender would not 
 have lasted 14 days longer, there was not much butter 
 or cheese in store, but salt and malt were at>undant. 
 Meal and biscuit were sulficient for at least three 
 mouths, and largo quantities of salt meat in powder 
 were also found in the town. The Cavaliers boasted 
 that they would retake the fortress before Christmas, 
 but it was thought able to defy lu,0(jO men. The Earl 
 of Warwick was also protecting it with -'six goodly 
 ships." which did not fire a single shot during the 
 siege, ((frenville Library, .'JSSO. Brit. Museum.) 
 
 Major Harbert and Captain Bushell (p. 12) promised 
 quarter to the garrison of Southsea Castle (Orenvillo 
 Library, .'{'.lo;!-4(i). On August Kith it was resolved that 
 "Mr. Nicholas Weston did, ill service to the Parlia- 
 ment in the business of Portsmouth and the Isle of 
 Wight." He, Mr. Christopher Lewknor, and Goring 
 now lost theii' seats. Sir William Lewis was on Sept. 
 8th, l'U2, appointed Governor of Portsmouth, with.'}/, 
 per diem as pay, and within a few days the Committee 
 for J lamjjshire and the officers and soldiers received 
 the thanks of Parliament. Captains Martin, Swanloy, 
 and Browne Bushell were specially commended by 
 name. The Sherill" of Hants had already, on August 
 13th. been called into the House and thanked for his 
 good service and ready aiYections to the House, and on 
 the same day the Mayor of Arundel received authority 
 " for making stay of sus|)octod ])er8ons, horses, or other 
 warlike proiisions going to Portsmouth." Mr. Lisle, 
 M.P. for Winchester, carried this order of thanks with 
 him, he and "Mr. Tulse, of that county " of Hants, 
 having each obtained a pass "to have license to convey 
 into Hampshire six horses, and to bring from thence 
 household stulV without interruption or lott." Thanks 
 wore also voted to Colonel Sandys, of the Vine. " for 
 his great service done in this last expedition into 
 Kent." Mr. Button wasonlered. with his regiment, to 
 assist in tho defence of Hurst Castle. On December 
 .30th. li'i 12. Captain Swanloy and others were ordered 
 to behold havnilcss and rewarded for tlieir services in 
 the Tsle of Wight and at Portsmouth. They wore aUo 
 to be commissioned '• to laml men and ordnance, and 
 to use hostile acts on occasion for tho service uf tho 
 
 King and Parliament." Six days previously Captain 
 John Lobb had been appointe<l Deputy-Governur of 
 Portsmouth, and Sir W. Lewis was authorised to 
 rele;ifie, at his discretion, any of the privat-e soldiera 
 imprisoned at Portsmouth, on their promifiing not to 
 serve against the Parliament. On February tith. 
 lOl't. the Committees for Hants and Kent were ordered 
 to be added t<j •• the Prisoners' Committee, whereof Sir 
 Robert Harley has the ohair, to give not more than i>d. 
 per diem to poor prisoners." Sir W, Lewis was on 
 February 22nd. lii 13.or<lered to decide whether Captain 
 Henry Cliitty ([>. I!) nhouM command a PojtC'irapany 
 at Portsmouth. 
 
 On October lUth. Ii:i2, the K.irl of Pembroke wa?. 
 placed in charge of Hants, Wilts. Somerset. Dorset. 
 Devon. Cornwall, and the Isle of Wight. He was to 
 have similar authority to the Earl of Essex '"to raise 
 and conduct forces for the sii])pre8sing of rebellion and 
 preventing insurrections," and was ordered to pay iiis 
 soldiers by seizing •• the rents and revenues of Arch- 
 bishops, Bishops, Deans, and Chapters, and other 
 notorious delinquents." On October 27th Sir Thoma* 
 Jervoise and Mr. Wallop were sent into Hants on 
 Parliament service. .V g.arrison was voted for South- 
 ampton on November 2'.ith. and the members for the 
 town were on the same day ordered "to alten 1 the 
 service of the House, all delays and excises set apart." 
 Throe regiments of Vulnnteers, to bo commando I by 
 '•Colonel Ruthen. Bamlield. and some other com- 
 mander," were on December oth, \i'>i'2. voted to be 
 raised for Parliament service in Cornwall, Devon. 
 Somerset. Wilts, and Hants. The Deputy Lieutenant* 
 of these counties were ordere<l to disarm all Trained 
 Band soldiers refusing to join this force, which had tin- 
 power of martial law. and tti give their arms to their 
 respective regiments. The Colleges of Winchester. 
 Westminster. Eton, and Christ Church. Oxford, were 
 on October 2'.tth. It!l2, authorised to retain their 
 revenues, but on February 22nii, HW'<. an onlcr waj« 
 passoil that tho "young scholars" at Westminster. 
 Eton, and Winchester were not bound to wear surplices 
 if they objected to so doing. Theodore J.nningK. who 
 lirst brought news to London of the capture of Win- 
 chester (p. 4.')), received 20/. A puMic thanksgivinK 
 was ordered for Sunday. December l.><th. 1<!J2, in 
 London. Westminstor.au<l Southwark. and Sir H. H. 
 Vane wa>< directed to prepare a n.irr.vtive of thi« 
 success." Sir Philip Stapylton. Colonel Hampden, and 
 Sir H. Vane were ordered to thank Waller "for hii 
 care and vigilam-y at Winchester." and 20(mi/. for lilt 
 army was ordered to be advanced by some Southamptou
 
 iHO 
 
 Till. rsi.K i»K \Vi(;nT. 
 
 inorclmnts. On January .'>th, KM'!, the Mayor and 
 Sheriff of Southampton were forbidden to publish the 
 King's proclamation prohibiting the receipt of tonnage 
 and poundage, and another of grace, favour, and pardon 
 to HantB and other counties which ordered notice of 
 the approach of any rebel force to l)c given to the 
 nearest Royal garrison. A third proclamation "for the 
 bettor government of His Majesty's Army" was to bo 
 published forthwith. On February 10th, U<i:i, two 
 troops of horse and a regiment of dragoons, to be com- 
 manded by Sir Thomas .lervoise, were voted for the 
 defence of the county. On January "ilst, 10 1.-5, the 
 Associated Forces of Hants, Surrey. Sussex, and Kent 
 "shall be drawn into a body." Waller was granted the 
 power of martial law on February -i.-ird, but on the fol- 
 lowing day we hear that he had in some troops not more 
 than teu men ; in two other troops not more than 30 ; 
 and that he had only received Km) dragoons of the 1500 
 promised to hira. He had received the thanks of the 
 House on January Itth for his services at Portsmouth, 
 Farnham Castle, and Chichester. 
 
 Rushworth says (vol. ii., p. 82) that Waller reached 
 Faruham Castle with only horse and dragoons, and 
 summoned it (p. 2.i), " but, having no ordnance, they 
 contemned the summons." After the gate was shat- 
 tered by the petard yet they could not presently enter, by 
 reason they within had placed at the gate great piles of 
 wood." These being removed, the garrison asked for 
 quarter. They took in the castle .300 sheep, 100 
 oxen, besides some warlike provisions of powder and 
 shot." Sir Francis Williamson and twelve other 
 gentlemen taken at Farnham were, on December 7th, 
 1642, ordered to be sent to Winchester House, the 
 King's Bench, and the Lord Mayor's Prison in South- 
 wark. Their names were to be given to the Speaker, 
 who was to dispose of them. Mr. Hooke was to be 
 disposed of by Mr. Pym, and the captive Irish Papists 
 were to remain in the Gatehouse until further orders. 
 
 On August 13th, 1642, the Earl of Warwick was 
 ordered to supply the town of Newport, in the Isle of 
 Wight, with thirty barrels of powder, to be used for 
 the defence of the island, as thought desirable by the 
 Mayor (Mr. Moses Read), Mr. Bunckley, Mr. Thomas 
 Boreman, and Mr. Robert Urry of Freshwater. Mr. 
 Venn and Mr. Vassall were to thank the Mayor and 
 others "for their care of the safety of that place and 
 respects to the House." A Royalist declaration was 
 extensively signed by the gentlemen of the island, and 
 Sir Robert DiUington " for intending to send provi- 
 sions into Portsmouth (p. 39), for putting his hand to 
 
 a declaration" waa sent for as a delinquent, but was 
 released on bail September 8th, 1612. Lieut.-Colonel 
 Bu'.k, Captain Burleigh, who afterwards tried to 
 rescue the King at Carisbrookc, Colonel Brett, and 
 Captain Humphrey Turney were also sent for. They 
 surrendered to the Sorgeant-at-Arms, were brought 
 before the Committee of Examinatiims, and on Sep- 
 tember 2(ith •• shall be forthwith discharged of their 
 attendance." The name of thf minister of Newport 
 (p. 22) is variously given as Harvey and Harby. Col. 
 Brett and the garrison of Carisbrooke Castle were 
 allowed to go anywhere except to Portsmouth. The 
 House of Lords was urged on September 2nd, 16 42, to 
 remove the Countess of Portland from the Isle of 
 Wight. Friendly seamen at length gave her a passage 
 to the mainland. On September 20th Sir J. Lee was 
 ordered to the Isle of Wight, having been appointed 
 Colonel of a regiment by the Earl of Pembroke, and 
 on December I2th 20 men at 8d. per diem were to gar- 
 rison Carisbrooke Castle. Mr. Peter Gard, collector 
 in the Isle of Wight, is mentioned January 14th 
 1643, and on February 11th Captain Richard Swanley 
 wrote a letter to the House of Commons on board 
 " H.M.S. Charles, riding at Cowes." He stated that a 
 Royal proclamation in 1631) had forbidden Englishmen 
 " to sail with other nations. ' He had, therefore, sent 
 his boatswain to'- Captain Whittavell, Vice- Admiral to 
 Van Tromp, now in Cowes Road, bound for East 
 India," to demand the surrender of all English sailors. 
 The Dutchman twice refused, whereupon Swanley 
 ordered the Captain of Cowes Castle and the Mayor 
 and Corporation of Newport to stop all supplies to 
 the Dutch Fleet. Sir H. Vane, jun., and Mr. Lisle 
 were ordered to write to Captain Swanley, bidding 
 him countermand these orders without delay, and 
 Mr. Pym was to write to Mr. Strickland "that he may 
 satisfy the States herein." On February loth, 1643, 
 measures were taken for the relief of "such poor 
 distressed Irish Protestants as are come out of Ireland 
 into the Isle of Wight," and Mr. Samuel Cordell, 
 maker of powder for the Parliament Navy, was on 
 March 3rd, 16 13, permitted to freely carry saltpetre to 
 his works near Guildford. 
 
 " August 12th, 1642. — Whereas information was this 
 day given to the House that Mr. Clarke, Vicar of 
 Andover, doth obstinately refuse to obey the order of 
 this House in admitting of Mr. Symonds to preach 
 there as lecturer, and gives out that he, his wife, and 
 children will be all put to death before they condescend 
 to the said order." Mr. Clarke was cited for contempt, 
 and on August 24th witnesses were called in " who
 
 AnDOVI^U, MiNSTKAI), and CHKHKriTKlS. 
 
 261 
 
 testified that the said Vicar gave a command to lock the 
 church doors. That he said " rather than Mr. Symonds 
 should preach there, by order of Parliament, ho would 
 lose his life, and his wife and children should die in 
 prison. That the church was as much liis own as his 
 own house, and ho would hold his right, let the Parlia- 
 ment do what they would." Mr. Clarke being called in 
 denied the truth of this information, whereupon ho was 
 ordered to withdraw. Boinjj re-called, the Spiaker told 
 him that the House was not satisfied with his answer, 
 the information having been proved by several wit- 
 nesses. He was therefore committed to the King's 
 Bench during the pleasure of the House, Mr. Symonds 
 being duly installed at Andover. '' Thursday, Septem- 
 ber Ist, UUi, ordered that Mr. Robert Clarke, ujwn his 
 humble petition, expressing his sjrrow that ho had 
 offended the House, be forthwith discharged from any 
 further imprisonment." The parishioners of Minstead, 
 near Lyndhurst, petitioned the House on February l.Hh, 
 1<)4.'?, that Mr. Lake, a double beneficed minister, might 
 be ordered to re-admit Mr. King as curate, to pay liim 
 arrears of stipend, and to allow him a competent main- 
 tenance in future. This iuformiitiijn was referred to 
 the Committee for Plundered Ministers, who were 
 instructed to provide for the services at Minstead 
 Church. 
 
 At an early period of the war Colonel Ludlow was 
 Governor of Wardour Castle. He says (Memoirs, 
 Vol. i., p. GG) : — '• Having notice that some of the 
 King's forces wore at Salisbury, I went out with six of 
 my troop to procure intelligence, and to do what ser- 
 vice I could upon the enemy's stragglers. When I 
 came to Sutton (.Mandcvillo), I was informed that six 
 of them were gone up the town just before. Where- 
 upon we made after them, and, by their horses, which 
 we saw tied in a yard, supposed them to bo in the 
 bouse to which it belonged. Upon which I wont in 
 and was no sooner within the door but two of them 
 shut it upon rae ; but my party rushing in, they ran 
 out at another and escaped. .V tliird mounted one of 
 my men's horses and rid away ; the other three, who 
 were in a room of the house, upon'promise of c|nartfr 
 for life surrcndercil themselves, with wiioni. and six 
 horses, we returned to tho Castle." The Mayor of 
 Salisbury was directed " to keep .Mr. Wroughton, now 
 in prison, in safe cust(.dy until further order." 
 
 Mr. John A 1 ford. Sir William Goring. Sir Thomas 
 Bowyer, Sir William Morley, and others demanded the 
 magazine at Chichester for the King's service im 
 August r.lth, IGI-J (p. II). In reply to a petition from 
 tho Mayor and Corporation of Chichester (p. -IS), Mr. 
 
 Henry Chittoy was ordered to continue as Captain of 
 Trained Bands at Chichester, and the M.iyor was for- 
 bidden to publish aRoyal proclamation of grace, favour, 
 and pardon to tho inhabitants of Sussex. Among the 
 prisoners taken at Chichester (p. ol) not jircviouBly 
 mentioned were Sir William Balnidinc, Mr. Collins, 
 a minister, Walter Monk, William and Richard Mayo, 
 John Windsor, and Mr. Anderson. The inhabitanU 
 of the city offered a month's pay to the Army to 
 escape being plundered, '• which was accej.ted of." 
 The money and plate taken at Chichester were sent 
 up to London bj- sea. The Earl of Thanet was on 
 November J'.'th, liil"2, ordered to be called to account 
 for sending forces to Chichester against tho Parlia- 
 ment, and on the same day the security of the public 
 faith was guaranteed to those in Sussex who ai led 
 the Parliament by their contribitions. .Sir Richard 
 Lashley and his son were sent to London as prisoner* 
 on December -<'th, and committed to Winchester 
 House. " Mr. White to be keeper of my Lord Peter's 
 house, and Mr. Uillingham keeper of tho Dean of 
 Panic's his house," where some of the prisoners from 
 Chichester were confined. Twelve others were sent 
 to Winchester House, but the Wood-street Compter 
 and the Poultry received Majors Lindsay and Gordon, 
 Captains Wolfe, Cooper, Knnies, .-VtUinson, !?tephen- 
 sou, and Molum. Sir William Balnidine. Mr. William 
 May (Mayo ':*), Lieuts. Withrington, Pridgeon. and 
 Bird, Ensigns Goffo, and two Shelleys. Sir W. Balni 
 dine, an<l Mr. Lewknor, who lost his Recordership 
 were kept in close custody, being allowed U> receive 
 provisions and necessaries, but being forbidden to con- 
 verso privately witli anyone. Colonel Cockeram was 
 likewise detained in Wood-street t'omjjter. Sir 
 Edward For 1 was, in com|)any with the SherilTs of 
 Kent and Devon, examined before tho House 
 of Commons in close custody on January 
 Dth, IGi.'t, and on the following day it waa 
 decided that " tho GO prisoner'* may go to 
 Windsor in coaches if they will pay the cost" (p. 51). 
 On September 7th, IiilJ, .">ir .lohn (?.iryll. of Harting, 
 obtained a pass for France, or bcyon 1 the seas, for 
 himself, his la iy, two men. and two maids, " provided 
 ho carry no prohibited goods with him, with his con- 
 venient necessaries." Deserters from the Cavaliers 
 were to be welcomed. Papists an<i declared delini|ucnta 
 excepted. On October lotli, li'. 12, John Xowinan, 
 clerk, of Radnell. Francis Atkin.son, Vicar of F'lrlo. 
 Henry Shcphar.i, Vicar of Kingston and Pondinghoe, 
 Walter Dunibleby, of E.%«1 .\ldringt'>n. .\iitony 
 Huggot, Vicar of (Jlyndo and tho ClifTe, and Thom.\« 
 Russell, Parson of St. John's, in Lo'vc?, were ordered
 
 2G^ 
 
 Till- " SaN( TA (Jl.AKA." 
 
 ' to be Boiit for :in tloliuquuulH, for den\ iiig to con- 
 tribute or IcDd anythiii'^ for tluH service in iliiu time 
 of imminent <l;inj;er." They were discharged on 
 petition on November 1 1th, 1(11'.'. Non-contributors 
 to the Parliament in Sussex v^ere to bo deprived of 
 their horses and arms. The local forces were to have 
 the same discipline as the army of the Earl of Bsscx, 
 Aud were to be paid by means of subscriptions and 
 fines levied on tlic enemies of the Parliament. On 
 February loth, I'M.'!, two troops of horse under Colonel 
 Horley, and a regiment of foot under Colonel Anthony 
 Staploy, all to be at the disposcil of the Earl of Essex, 
 were voted by Parliament for the defence of Sussex. 
 
 The cargo of the Suncta (.'lain (p. H), Captain 
 Benedict Strafford, was partly landed at Southampton, 
 
 and carried to the house of .Mr. hc;,'ay, who owned the 
 ship. Two Committeemen, the Deputy-Lieutenants 
 of Hants, and the members for the town, were ordered 
 to ascertain the value of the cargo, bo that it might be 
 restored to the lawful owners when found. The 
 captain, who was also part-owner, John Marston. and 
 others, claimed the car^o, giving a curious account of 
 the ship's voyage. Certain Spanish merchants, sup- 
 ported by the Spanish Ambassador, put in a claim, 
 which was allowed, for the sale of the cochineal and the 
 coining of the bullion in the Tower of London. They 
 paid 50,0(»0/. as security, and, after complicated pro- 
 ceedings in the -Vdmiralty Court, the Sam-fa Clam was 
 at length released in March. ItH.*!, and proceeded on 
 her voyage.
 
 CHAPTERS. 
 
 i. — The Ruined KortresB 3 
 
 II.— Hasing in " Ye Oldeu Tyme " 10 
 
 III.— The Civil War Begins 13 
 
 IV. — The Capture of Farnham Caetlc. Marl- 
 borough, and Winchester 23 
 
 \'. — The (ienerals and Their Forces 32 
 
 VI.— Events in Portsmouth — Colonel (iorinj; 
 Declares for the Kin;,'- Skirmishes near South- 
 ampton, and in Isle of Wij^ht — Capture of South- 
 sea ('aslle- .Surrender of Portsmouth... 37 
 
 VII. — Otitra{,'eB in Wiltshire— Surrender of Farn- 
 ham and Winchester Southampton Declares for 
 
 the Parliament 44 
 
 Vlll.— Hival Parties in Sussex - The Capture of 
 Arundi 1 and Chichester — Desecration of 
 
 Cliurchcs — Ham[i8hire Defences 47 
 
 L\.— Fi-htin;; at Alton— Sir William Waller 
 Plunders Winchester and Defaces Romsey 
 Abbey— Uoad Waggons Seized near Basingstoke 64 
 X. — Prince Maurice at Salisbury — Fast Day at 
 .Southampton and Portsmouth — Colonel Norton 
 Hcpul.sod— Basing House becomes a (Jarrison ... 57 
 \ 1.— Alarm at Southampton — Cavaliers Fined and 
 Imprisoned — Colonel Powlct Slain near Win- 
 chester — Southampton and the Isle of Wight 
 Fortified — \\inchester Ile-Occupicd by the 
 
 Cavaliers 61 
 
 XII.— Tile Covernor of Basing House, and other 
 
 Officers of the (Jarrison 64 
 
 Xlll. — Sir William Waller's Preparations — Lord 
 Crawford Defeated at Poolo — Necessities of 
 Portsmouth — The .Xseociated Counties - London 
 Trained Bands Oriiered to B.isitig — Operations 
 ne;ir Farnham — Desperate Assault upon Basing 
 Hoiist — Bepulse of Sir William Waller at 
 Ba-sin;,' Hou-c — Capture of Lord .Saltoun — .\d- 
 vance of S.r Ralph Ilopton, Sir William Waller 
 Beaten at liasiug Housi — Retreat to Farnham (18 
 .VIV.— Defence of the Isle of Winht— The .Mar- 
 tinis of Wiiicl;ester .\ecused of High 'i'reason — 
 Aflairs at Portsmouth - .Sir William Waller at 
 Farnham ,\'lvaiice of Lord Ilopton- Occupa- 
 pation of Winchester, Skirmish and Troubles at 
 ()diham lO-xpe lition to .Midhurst — Fighting at 
 Farnham — .Sir William Waller Reinforced 79 
 
 XV.— Defence of the Isle of Wight— Naval Esti- 
 mates — Captain Swanley's Prisoners— The Sus- 
 sex Cavaiiers — Lord Ilopton is Reinforced — 
 Letter to Prince Hup<'rt — Forays into Sussex — 
 
 Page. 
 
 Fight at .South Harting 90 
 
 XVI.— Colonel Norton's Victory at Ramsey- Lord 
 Crawford Asks for Sack — ifiir William Waller 
 Attacks .\lton— The Church . Stormed- DisjjosiU 
 of Prisoners — Waller's March to Arundel — Siege 
 of -Vrundel Castle -Skirmish at Havant — War- 
 blington Castle -Arundel Cistle .Surrender* — 
 Lorrl Crawford— Traces of the Conflict 98 
 
 (By a typographical error Chaj>ter X\' 1 1, has been 
 numbered .\ I .\.) 
 
 XIX. — Rival Parties at Winchester — H.M.S..I/(ii/- 
 rioiiHT — Capt. Ball au 1 Tobias Baisley — Colonel 
 Ludlow Take.i — Calenture — The Isle of Wight 
 and Lymiu^ton — (Jovernor Murford at .South- 
 ampton — Royalist Plot — Skirmishes near South- 
 ampton — ()utra;.;es at Winchester — Preparation* 
 for Battle — Fighting at Basing House and Rom- 
 sey — Sir John Oglander 11<> 
 
 XX. — A Battle Imminent — Sir William Waller's 
 Advance— Lord Hopton's Roiuforccments— West- 
 meo!i Occupied — L'avaliers at Alrcsford —Skir- 
 mish at Ti8tcd--Cheriton Fight— Strug,;lo in the 
 Wool— The Tide Turns- -Hopton Retreats— 
 A Cavalry Charge — Keen Pursuit — Trophies of 
 Victory — Lo-:ses on Both .Sides— The ICarl of 
 Forth — Winchester .Surrenders — Lady Hopton 
 taken Prisoner — itejoicings in London 12G 
 
 XXI. — Dr. Fuller and .Vrmy Chaplains — Traitors 
 at Basing House — The .\ns.KMated Coimties — 
 Waller's success at Christchurc'.j — The Isle of 
 Wight in Danger — Walthaen House Taken — 
 Recruit in,' in London — Opposition at Win- 
 chester — .VlTairs at Southa:npton, Odiham, 
 Basini^. and Salisbury — Opening of the C.im- 
 pai-nof I'.ll 137 
 
 XXII. — Waller at Basin.; — Cavaliers RepnUed at 
 Odiham — .\ Siege Imminent — Hostile Preiiar.>- 
 tions Basing Villa.;o Oci-upiod — Desultory 
 Skirmishes — Watch and Ward — Sir M.-vrma luke 
 Rawdoii .Night .\tt.-vcks Tiio Siege Continues 
 — Cropredy Brid,'i — Relief a Necessil, -Bull 
 Coals and -Mortars — Rival Preachers 14>< 
 
 XXIII. — Forays in Hant« — Winchester Castle. 
 The ••(;olden .Sun "— -VtLiirs at Basing--Tho 
 Siege CoiitinU'S — Summons to .Surrender — Bom- 
 bardment — Metsagc.i to Oxford — Atlao'.c and 
 Defence — Salisbury t'alhcdral — A Night 
 AttJick— Defence of Isle of Wi/ht — StublKirn 
 Baiing — HJvpeeteil ."^urrondcr — .Successful 
 Sorties Hopes of Relief— Cornet Bryan Cap- 
 tured — Hostilities Continue — Esses Suirenders 1 j.i
 
 204 
 
 ClIAI'TKICS. 
 
 Piige. 
 
 XXIV. — Recruiting — Hasini; again Summoned — 
 Renewed Rombardmcnt— Proposed Relief — 
 Sorties in Force -Loily Waller— A Puritan 
 Army — Relief at Last — Colonel (Ja^e — Tbo 
 Relieving Force — Tlio March to Rasing — 
 Loyalty House Saved— Retreat to Oxford 171 
 
 XXV. — Fight in leasing Village— Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Jdlinson — Renewed lUockade — Attack 
 on the Church— Gathering Armies — The King's 
 Advance — Anilovor Fight — RendcEVons at 
 Basing — Welcome Supplies — Gage's Second 
 Relief— The Siege Raised '. 182 
 
 XX VL — Dr. Lewis — (loringin Hants — Courtesies 
 of Warfare — Cavalier Defciit at Salisbury, 
 Lieut.-General Middlcton — Requisitions — A 
 Cavalier Plot— Isle of Wight Affairs — Goring 
 at Portbridgo and Christchurcb — Ludlow at 
 Salisburj' — Death of Colonel Gage — Crondall in 
 Flames — Cavalier Raids — Waller Pursues 
 (Joring 106 
 
 XXVII. — Cromwell in Hants — Duchess of Cheve- 
 reux — Military Changes— Cavalry Skirmish — 
 Goring Recalled — Religious titrife — Colonel 
 Rawdon leaves Basing — Fairfax on the March 
 — Stern Discipline — Basing again Beseiged — 
 Langford House — Distressed Taunton — Massey 
 at Romsey — Clubmen ... 208 
 
 XXVIII. — Road Waggons in Danger — Clubmen 
 Routed— Ways and Means— Lord Ogle's Requi- 
 
 Page. 
 
 sitions — Col. Dalhicr — Basing again Rcpciged — 
 Mining (Jperations — Hampshire Clubmen — 
 Church Parade — A Shattered Tower — A Gal- 
 lant Stratagem "217 
 
 XX iX. — Cromwell and his Brigade — Colonels 
 Hammond. Fleetwood, and Harrison — Hugh 
 Peters- Cromwell Summons Winchester — The 
 Castle Besieged — Bishop Curie — Siege Opera- 
 tions — Bombardment — Parley and Surrender — 
 Booty and Spoil — Hugh I'eters at Westminster 
 —Troubles at Winchester 22> 
 
 XXX. — Basing and Langford in Danger — Crom- 
 well's Arrival-Terrible Odds-A Reconnaissance 
 — Basing Summoned — Sunday Bomljardment — 
 Colonel Hammond Taken — The Fall of Basing 
 — Killed. Wounded, and Prisoners — A Good 
 Encouragement — Public Thanksgiving 2.34 
 
 XXXI. — Basing House Demolished— Cromwell's 
 Departure— The Captive Marcjuis — Langford 
 House Surrenders — .Satirical Pamphlets — Con- 
 fiscated Estates — Subsequent Events — The King 
 at Carisbrooke — Royalist Risings — The Captive 
 Monarch-Archives of Winchester-Southampton 
 and Portsmouth Affairs — The Restoration — 
 Death of the •' Loyal Marquis'' 247 
 
 APPENDIX.— Siege of Portsmouth— Defence 
 ■and Defiance — Farnham Castle— Isle of Wight 
 — Minstead and Andovcr - Ludlow's Skirmish — 
 Chichester and Sussex — The "Sancta Clara"' ... 258
 
 INDEX OF PERSONS. 
 
 Alexander, 198. 
 
 Alfora,2(;i. 
 
 Amory, 1(>7. 
 
 Amtell, 218. 
 
 Anderson, ir2,"2Gl. 
 
 Appleyard, 129. 
 
 Archer, 70-8, 83, 85, 99-102. 
 
 Ask. lo8. 
 
 Astley, 87, 92, 117. 
 
 Aston, 107, 173, 175,204. 
 
 Atkinson, 2G1. 
 
 Audley, 131. 
 
 Bailey, 1 Id. 
 
 Baines, 2o8. 
 
 Baisley, 117.205. 
 
 Baker, '.t(i. 
 
 Balfonr, 97, 12.3-8, 130, 131, 135, 139, 
 
 152. 187. 197, 208. 
 Ball, 117. 
 Balnidine, itll. 
 Banie (Gamej, 198. 
 Bamlield (Bamford), 105, 112,269. 
 Baroluv. 199. 
 Bard, .V.i. 
 Barnes, 210. - 
 Barrow, 139. 
 Bartholomew, -18. 
 Batley, 8i;. 
 Baxter, 158, 206,214. 
 Beard (Peard), 133. 
 Beck. 218. 
 Bedford, 199. 
 Beech, 220. 
 Bchro (Bayno), 104, 108, 144,200, 
 
 212. 
 Bellars, 158. 
 Beniiet, 7u, 28, 141, 197,211, 230,231. 
 Berry (Derry), 198. 
 Bettcsworth, 94, 1C4, 214, 215, 218, 
 
 249. 
 Bird, 2(!1. 
 Binhop, 112, 113. 
 Bla^ruvo, 208, 219. 
 Boate, 111. 
 Bodlev. I OS. 
 
 Boilvi"lle (Bovill) 112, 132. 
 Bollo 99101. 
 Bondman, l(!l. 
 Borenian, 2tj0. 
 Boweu, 98. 
 Bower, 198. 
 Bowles. 249. 
 
 Bowyer, 20 1. 
 
 Boys. l.Vl. 211.219. 
 
 Braceljridgo, 03. . 
 
 Brandon, 117. 
 
 Brasier, 140, 141. 
 
 Braxton, liil. 
 
 Brentford (Earl of Forth). 128,120, 
 
 127, 133, 189. 
 Brett, 260. 
 Browne, 24,49, 1 13, 117, 121, 120-1.30, 
 
 1.34, 141. 151, 155, 180, 202, 217, 
 
 248-9, 255. 
 Bryan, 07, 101, 16.3, 105, 167, 168, 184, 
 
 191-3, 202. 
 Buck, 200. 
 Bunckloy, 2t;0. 
 
 Bnncle, 175, 177, 178, 180, 181. 
 Burcher, 107. 
 Burleigh,.38, 253, 260. 
 Burton. 4(!. 
 
 Bushcll, 39-12. 124, 259. 
 Butler. 103, 107, 131, 133, 172, 184, 
 
 21 i, 25.3. 
 Button. 79, 154, 259. 
 
 Campion (Champion), 175, 254. 
 
 Capcot. 90. 
 
 Capel, 14, r,5, 159. 
 
 Carnarvon, 57. 
 
 Carno. 54, 79, 90, 118, 124, 125, 140, 
 
 154, 187, 
 Carr, 188. 
 Cary, 134. 
 
 Caryll, 91,93,95,261. 
 Case, l.'fO. 
 Cawley, 41,47. 49-51, 197,219,249, 
 
 251. 
 Chase. H2. 
 Chovereux, 208. 
 Chidleitih. 134. 
 
 Chillingworth, 90, 105, 112, 113. 
 Chitty. 41.47, 259,261. 
 Clarke, 260. 
 Clerk, 01. 
 Clinson, 7.3, 74. 
 Clobory, 251. 
 Clubmen, 210-20. 
 Cobbctt, 253. 
 
 Cochram (Cockeram), 111,139,261. 
 CockeB, 140. 
 Colo, 5'.i, 218. 
 Coleraino, 200. 
 Collins. 201. 
 
 Complin, 140, 264. 
 
 Constable. 134. 
 
 Cooke. 111. 198,201,212, 252. 
 I Cooper (Cowper), 91, 115, 1.34. 107, 
 
 108. 200. 
 ! Coram, 07, 149, 193, 248. 
 
 Cordell. 200. 
 : Cornelius, 110, 12o. 
 I Cotton, 111. 
 ' Courtney, 98, 107, 231. 
 
 Coventry, 44, 1.39. 
 ; Coward, 210. 
 
 Crawford. .'.0, 08, 71, 84,88,93,99, 
 100, 102, 110.114, 185. 
 
 Crewe, 1«7. 1«9. 
 
 Crofts, 140. 
 
 Cromwell, 30, 172, 185, 186, 194, 206- 
 12. 215. 217. 22<K36, 237-40. 245, 
 247. 250, 252, 254. 
 
 Crooke, 2os. 
 
 CroslieM, 158. 
 
 Cuffand. 00. 1.52. 10.3-7, 179, 184. I'.'l. 
 192.241,248,202. 
 
 Cufly, 150. 
 
 Curie, 14, 96, 141, 228-32. 
 
 Dalbier, 67, 68. 132, 185, 188, 212, 
 2IS-22.3, 234-<i, 239-40, 246, 247. 
 251. 
 
 Deane. 227, 2.36. 
 
 Donbi-h. III. 
 
 Deiiham. 23. 
 
 Devercux, 2i>4. 
 
 Uillington, 200. 
 
 Dixie, los, 141. 
 
 Doddington. 118. 
 
 Dolling. 110. 
 
 Doro, 119. 
 
 Douoet. 263. 
 
 Dove. 215. 
 
 Doven. liiti. 
 
 Downer, 255. 
 
 Drake, 118. 
 
 Draper. 199. 
 
 Duckctt. 1.34. 
 
 Duett ( Dewott), 70, 198, ?00, 214, 216. 
 
 Dnnscombc, 150. 
 
 Eaton, 4S. 
 
 EdwardB. 168. 
 
 Ecorioy. 140, 
 
 Eliz.ibeth. Queen, 11, 12, 119. 
 
 Elizabeth. PrincflM, 263.
 
 Indkx or Pi.KftoNs. 
 
 Kldridge, 248. 
 
 Kllicol. 8(1. 
 
 Ellmgwortli, 86. 
 
 Klli-*, --'18. 
 
 Emiis. llu, •.>(il, 
 
 Krlc. r>lt, 7'.i, 107, 19i», L'O?. 
 
 I'Jssex. Earl of. Hi, IJl', 4 1, ojVg, CO, 78, 
 
 '.m;, 1(11. 110, 111, 118, 143-8, 1.".2, 
 
 170-'.', 181-91. I'.U, 20.-?. 
 Kurc. JJC. 2.5.-?. 
 I'ivaiis, 124. 
 Evelyn, 12:i, 198. 
 E\tou. l.i. i;:!, 117,254, 
 
 Fairfax, o8, 211-18, 249, 
 
 Faithorne, 190, 209, 241-2, 248, 2.iO. 
 
 )''anf. -J.i, 172. 
 
 Fielder (Fciler), (51. UU. 198, 209. 
 
 Fielding. 201. 
 
 Ficnnes, 29, Gl. 206, 212, 214. 2.'?.'?. 
 
 Fincher. 190, 209. 
 
 Fitch, 140. 
 
 Fitz James, 212. 
 
 Fleetwood, 185, 217, 22ii. 
 
 Flcmin;,', 03, 132, 141. 
 
 Fletcher, 182. 
 
 Ford. 4J, 48-50, 86, 91-6. 105, 109, 
 
 112, 11.3, 230, 252, 261. 
 Forth (Earl of), 123, 126-127, 133, 189. 
 Fortescue, 203. 
 Foxall, 248. 
 Fov, 248. 
 Fry, 249. 
 
 Fuller, 57, 137, 251. 
 Fwssell, 216. 
 
 Gaze, 173-181, 189. 191-1, 2u2. 
 
 Gallop, 13, 63, 117. 
 
 (iard, 2{!0. 
 
 (Jardiner, 20G. 
 
 (iawen. 252. 
 
 Gerrard. 81. 92, 103, 186. 
 
 Gertin. 214. 
 
 Glausic, 248. 
 
 Goddard, 139. 
 
 i^offe. 255, 261. 
 
 Gogell, 1.39. 
 
 Goldsmith, 248. 
 
 (Joodwin, 30. 49. 
 
 (iordon, 261. 
 
 (iorses, 187. 
 
 Goring. 13, 15-21, 37-43, 47, 112, 186, 
 
 188, 196, 200-206, 209-13, 216, 
 
 251, 258-9, 261. 
 Grandison, 24, 30, 45, 6.3, 64. 
 Graves, 154, 184. 
 Gray, 133. 143. 
 Green. 210. 
 Gregory, 194. 
 
 (^renviile. Ill, 122, 123, 138. 
 Griffith (Griffin), 214, 241-3. 
 Grose, 142, 150. 
 
 Hacket, 212. 
 
 Hammond, 226, 2.30, 237-11, 211-5, 
 
 253. 
 Harbert, 259. 
 Hare, 248. 
 
 Harrington, 186, 190. 
 Harris. 69, 2.33. 
 Harrison, 119. 185, 220, 226, 227,2.30, 
 
 241. 
 Hartoj), 239. 
 
 Harvey, 50, 123, 139. 143, 251. 
 Haslerig, 49, 51. .5.5, 58. 69, 80, 84, 85, 
 
 100. 103, 113, 114, 118, 128-31. 
 
 135,141,144. 1.55, 186, 188,190, 
 
 201, 206, 255. 
 Hastings, 201,255. 
 Hawkins. 175, 178, 179. 
 Head. los. 141. 
 Heath. 210. 
 Hencocke. 14 0. 
 Hewson, 225, 226, 248-0, 255. 
 Heylin, 96. 
 Heyman, 108. 
 Higgins. 255. 
 Hill. l.-)0. 
 Hitchcocke, 130. 
 Hodges, 208. 
 Hodkins. 248. 
 Hollar. 66, 241-2, 251. 
 Holloway, 254. 
 Holmes, 121. 
 Hooke. 260. 
 Hooper. 63, 215. 
 Hopton, 21, 32, 52, 58, 70, 75, 78, 80- 
 
 97, 102, 106, 109-11. 116. 118. 
 
 121-.37,146. 1.59, 186,188,205,213. 
 Horner, 57-8. 
 Howard, 131. 
 Humbridge. 254. 
 Hungerford, 57-8. 
 Hunt, 124. 
 Hussey, 254. 
 Hyde, 204, 248. 
 
 Imber, 144. 
 
 Inchiquin, 80, 109, 118, 131. 
 
 Ivory, 66, 149. 184. 
 
 Jackson, 134. 
 
 Jeffrey, 162, 176. 
 
 Jenkins. 139, 140. 
 
 Jephson, 13, 144, 171, 179, 182, 196, 
 
 199, 201, 203, 211, 217, 218, 226. 
 Jervoise, 1.3, 20, 54, 79, 137, 154, 157, 
 
 179, 184. 199, 216, 249, 259, 260. 
 Johnson, {\(\. 74, 76, 140, 178, 182. 
 Johnston. 187, 189. 
 Jones. 62, 104, 149-51, 162, 168, 183, 
 
 194, 107, 108, 200, 207, 208, 214, 
 
 241-2. 251. 
 Jordan, 150, 154. 
 Joyner, If 17. 
 Jubbs, 255. 
 
 Kaddens. 82. 
 
 126, 
 
 158, 
 250. 
 
 158, 
 
 Relsall, 108. 
 KeUey. 2 18. 
 Kenton. 218. 
 Ker, 199. 
 
 King, .50, 237-H. 211, 261. 
 Kingsmill. 69. 172. 
 i KingHtun. 1-34. 
 Kite, 131. 
 Knai)ton. 110,2.5.3. 
 I 
 Lacy. 121, 1.56. 
 Lag)), 255. 
 Lake. 261. 
 Lane. 140. 
 
 Lanudale. 186,200,204. 
 Langley. M, 149, 152, 201. 
 Lashley. 261. 
 Leckford, 49. 
 Lee, 80, 260. 
 Legate. 14o. 
 
 Legaye. 61. 75. 121, 143, 262. 
 Levesay (Livesay), 49, 85, 108. 
 
 127, 141, 164. 
 Levett, 85. 
 Lewin, 139. 
 Lewis, 1.3, 14,20,45,49, 54, 57, 
 
 196, 259. 
 Lewknor. 20, 23, 41, 47, 50, 51. 
 Lilly, 246. 
 Lindsay, 261. 
 Lisle, 1.3, ,54, 79,80, 120, 140, 154, 
 
 185, 196. 199, 20.5, 217, 225, 
 
 259. 
 Lloyd, 218. 
 Lobb. 217, 259. 
 Long. 79. 206. 
 Longland, 218. 228. 
 Love, 69, 183, 206, 220, 233. 
 Lovell, 140. 
 Lower. 200. 203, 2.33. 
 Ludlow. 101, 110, 118. 1.59,171, 
 
 182. 191. 192. 107, 108. 200. 
 
 204,214, 237.251,261. 
 
 Maitland, 165. 
 
 Major. 63. 120, 254.. 
 
 Manchester, 79, 143, 171, 172, 184-91, 
 
 194. 201. 
 Manning. 118, 133. 
 Mansurgh, 217. 
 Manwarin^. 82. 
 Markham,' 100. 
 Marsh. 134. 
 Marshall, 138. 
 Marstou, 262. 
 Martin. 198, 259. 
 Mason. 63, 69, 120. 2.55. 
 Massey, 121. 215. 216. 248. 
 Matthews. 158. 
 Maurice, Prince. 55-8, 68, 04, 144, 145, 
 
 187, 213. 
 Mayo, 261. 
 Maynard, 158, 18.3. 
 Mcldrum. 20. 42, 132, 160. 
 
 177, 
 203, 
 
 IfM
 
 l.NIHiX OK PeKSONS. 
 
 •J»37 
 
 Mellis (Millie), 124, l.!4. 
 
 Mercer, ill, l-.'O, 14;j. 
 
 Michael. 1 10. 
 
 Mid.lleton, 25, (;4. 163, 180, 198. 2om, 
 
 Mi.Uey, 134. 
 
 Mildmay, 206. 
 
 Mill, i:!'.). 
 
 Mills. 61. 13',i. 
 
 Milton. 130. 
 
 Jlo^geridge, 203. 
 
 Monk, 261. 
 
 Moluni. 261. 
 
 Monta-ne, 18.5, 22.'), 228, 23'J-40. 
 
 Morgan. 2 18. 
 
 Morley, 13. 41. 47, 53. 80, 8.3, 85, ;)2, 
 'X>,'M\, 108, 11.3,114, 11 'J, 140, 151, 
 154-7. 161-3. 167, 178, 183,201, 
 210, 21!i, 251-2, 255, 261-2. 
 
 Morsey. 131. 
 
 Monrton, 138. 
 
 Mullins, 112. 11.1. 
 
 Murford, 61-3,, W, ll'.i. 120. 214. 
 
 Jlusjiratt, 254. 
 
 Neale. 177. 
 
 Nevill. 1.31. 
 
 Northumberland. '.M. !I3. 
 
 Norton, 1.3. 14, 33, 34. 39-42, 58-60, 
 6:i. 7'.i, 83.85, <.>3, 95. 08, 104-11- 
 116. 118-24,131, 1.35-8.114,148, 
 164, 167. 172-9. 182. 183. 187. 194, 
 199, 208-210, 211,215, 219, 22u, 
 227, 251. 
 
 Oakley, 83. 
 
 Ot;lander. 125. 
 
 Oj-le. 13. C.f, 80, 81, 122, 134,159, 160. 
 
 176-7, 210.218. 229-232. 
 Okcy. 188, 212, 228. 
 Onslowe, 150, 151, 155, 157, 161, 162. 
 
 173, 180, 183, 194,214, 261. 
 Oram, liw;. 
 Osborne, 25.'!. 
 Outram, 173. 
 
 Palmer, 254. 
 
 Parham (Perham). 150, 198. 
 
 Paulcl, 10-12, 52. t.l, 62, 81, 91. 13.1. 
 
 i:t7-9, 2.(1, 238, 218, 2.jO, 256. 
 Pavell, 199. 
 Payne. 248. 
 Peacock. 255. 
 Peake. 59. M, 74, 78. 152, 180, 191. 
 
 JoC, -.'20, 23G, 241-2,244-5, 248-50. 
 Pell, 218. 
 Pembroke. 21, 38, 44, 52, 57. 124, Mo, 
 
 16 1.171.187,259-60. 
 I'cnn. 2ol. 
 
 Pen ruddock, 216, 265. 
 I'ercy. 91, 206. 
 PeterH, 144, 158,208,216,227-3.3, 237- 
 
 45, 
 
 Phillips, 14, 133, 206. 
 
 Philpott, 139. 
 
 PickerinL', 185, 225-8, 234, 239-40. 
 
 Pickover, 248. 
 
 Pittman, 215. 
 
 Pollard, 198. 
 
 Poore, 180. 
 
 Popham. 113, 144, 146, 159, 171, 197, 
 
 212, 215. 
 Porter, 95, 103. 
 Portland (Karl of) 14, 21, 38,53, 189, 
 
 260. 
 Portland (Counteaa of) 22. 
 Portu. 9, 10, 39. 
 Pottley, 94, 113. 
 Poynet, 141. 
 Preston, 246. 
 Price, 134,201. 
 Pridgeon, 261. 
 Prouse, 79. 
 Prynne, 46. 
 Purdue. 254. 
 Pyne, 141. 
 
 Rainsborough, 185. 
 
 Raisby, 21;!. 
 Ramsaj', 108. 
 
 Rawdou, 59, 60. 64-6, 74, 148, 152-3, 
 
 210-11,251. 
 Rawlence, 112. 
 Raymond. 61. 
 Read, 200. 248, 260. 
 Reeves, 51, 217. 
 Richards, 248. 
 Rig by, 181. 
 Robinson, 62, 67. 120, 149, 193, 241, 
 
 254. 
 Rodway, 105. 
 Roe, 171, 185, 215. 245. 
 Rolpb, 253. 
 Roolfe, 79. 
 
 Rosewell, 66, 144, 184, 192. 
 Rossiier, 203, 212. 
 Rowlett, 66. 1 19. 184, 248. 
 Rupert ( Prince), 44, 48, 50, 54-5, 171, 
 
 l«i;, 191, 192, 209. 
 Ru-MKcll, 185,225. 
 Ruter. 160. 
 Huthen, 259. 
 
 Sadleir, 200. 
 Saltonn, 75. 
 Sandys, 14, 1.3.3, 259. 
 Santbrook. ir> 4. 
 Save, 5.'., 165. 
 S olield, 90. 124. 
 Scott, 13.3. 
 Soullard. 133. 
 Sednwick, 135, 138. 
 Sellenger, 200. 
 Seymour, 131, 
 Sboflield, 226, 227. 
 
 15: 
 
 218, 
 215. 
 
 252. 
 
 Shelling. 139. 
 
 Shelley, 5o, 51, 261. 
 
 Simonds, 210. 
 
 Smith, 108, 111, 124, 132. 
 
 255. 
 Smithson. 248. 
 Snow. 166, 173, 248. 
 Southampton, 14, 63, 120, 
 Spavin, 232. 
 Springate. 108, 11.3,118. 
 St. liarbe, 59, 62,98, 214, 
 Stanhope. 179. 
 Stanley. 119. 
 Stapleton. 141. 
 Stapley. 9.i. 114, 170.219, 
 Slawell, 124. 1.3.3, 1.39. 
 Stephens. 206. 
 Stephenson. 261. 
 Stewart, 209^ 
 Stockam. 217. 
 Stonor, 179, 181. 
 Stourton, 44. 
 Stratford, 41.262. 
 Strickland 58. 
 Stroud (Strode), 144, 192. 
 Strucc, 6.3. 
 Stuart, 124, 132. 
 Sturges. 179, 181, 198. 
 Swainely. 177. 
 Swanley. 39.46, 91, 121. 1 
 Sydenham. i'>S. 
 Sydney, 51. 210. 
 Symonda, 260. 
 
 Tamworth. 248, 
 
 Tu8l)nf V. 14, 67. 218. 
 
 Temple. 187. 
 
 Terrv (Ferry). 98. 248, 2.".5. 
 
 Tettersall. 218. 
 
 Thanet. 48, 112, 261. 
 
 Thomnson. 124, 128-30, 166, 199,212, 
 21"!. 
 
 Thornburn, Thornbury. Thome- 
 burgh. 140. 
 
 Thorpe. 209. 
 
 Tichborne. 1.3. 14, 63. 80. 12J. 1.13. 
 220. 231, 254. 
 
 Todd, 140. 
 
 Tookcr.<;2. 
 
 To WHO, 85. 116, 119. 
 
 Trayton,45, 47. 
 
 Trenchard, 80, 85, M, 94. 111. 
 
 TuUo, 259. 
 
 Tuiistall, 248. 
 
 Turner. 118.124. 
 
 Turney. 139,260. 
 
 Urroy, 20. 25, 30, 39, 40, 49. 200. 
 
 Vandcrblin, 76, 248. 
 
 V&ndrukko, Van lluit. Van Rotsc, 
 
 87, 111, 110. 197. 
 
 VavMour, 81,91.
 
 268 
 
 Imjkx or Pkrhons. 
 
 Vioars, 17-20, 23-i;, t'.>, IM, \W, 
 Vernon, 121. 
 
 Waller, Sir William, 13, 10, 20, 2:<, 
 24, 33, 3'.i. 10, l5-r)0, f>2-l. r<8-S\), 
 '.n), 102-118, 121-1 IS. If);'), 1(;<). 
 ir.O, 170-1, 181-11)1, 191-7. 2(i.i- 
 10, 22;»-32, 251, 2.')4, 2r)!l-(;0. 
 
 Waller, Lady, 107, 111, lU, 171. 
 
 Waller, Sir Hardress, 22.5-8. 23'J-40. 
 
 Wallop, 13, !)7, 110. lo7. 218, 249. 
 2.32, 259. 
 
 Walters, 170. 
 
 Walton, 255. 
 
 Wansey (Weinsford), 198. 
 
 Warn, lOl. 
 
 Warren, 7;i, 105. 150. 
 
 Warwick. 17, 37, 79. 119, 121, 124, 
 157, 259-t;0. 
 
 Weare, 172, 218, 220. 
 
 Webb, 77, 85, 175-8, 189, 215, 218. 
 
 Welden, 213, 215. 
 
 Wems, 71,96, 112. 
 
 Wentworth, 18-20. 
 
 Wcshrook, 15U. 
 
 Weston, 13, 20, 37, 39, 248, 259. 
 
 Wetham, 255. 
 
 Whitby, 91. 
 
 Whitehead, 13, 61-2, 141, 154, 167, 
 
 102, 100, 108,209.215. 
 Wiborn. 241. 
 Wilkins, 138. 
 Wilk8, 225, 240. 
 Williamson, 260. 
 Willis, 139. 
 Wilmot, 133, 140. 
 
 Winchester (Marchioness of), 34, 72, 
 107, 173, 235, 230, 250, 250. 
 
 WinohcHter (Marquifl of), 13, .33, 69, 
 60,72,79,117, 141, 149, 151, IGO- 
 2, 165-M, 172. 173, 177-81, 198, 
 20.3,211,219, 221, 240-5, 248-.00, 
 250. 
 
 Windebank, 175, 210. 
 
 Windsor, 201. 
 
 Winter, 258. 
 
 Witherington, 201. 
 
 Wogan, 200, 212. 
 
 Wolfe. 201. 
 
 Worlye, 210. 
 
 Worsley, 54, 140. 
 
 Wroth, 03. 
 
 Wyatt, 104. 
 
 Yalden, 91.
 
 INDEX OF PLACES. 
 
 Abbotstone, 250, 25f5. 
 Abbot's Worthv, 11, 158. 
 Addcrshot (Aldershot), •JO.'!. 
 Aldennaston. 148, 17(5, 18u, I'.H. 
 Alresford, 14, 87, 92, ll'.i, 124, 128, 
 
 l.!l, l.!4, 188, 213. 235. 
 Alton, 51, Gi)-71, 93, 99-103, 122, 124, 
 
 144, 187, 188, 201-4. 
 Alvcrstoke, 79, 203. 
 Amberloy Castle, 113. 
 Audover, 13, Gl, 70, 71, 94, 118, 124, 
 
 135, 143, 14G, 151, 158, IGO, 172, 
 
 18G-7, 201, 205, 20G, 210, 212, 213, 
 
 220, 21'.), 2G0. 
 Andwcll, 151. 
 Arundel, 47-51, 92, 90,105-114,122, 
 
 123, 193, 210. 
 Avin^toa,;l32. 
 
 Basin;,' Homt V^i 1 i, 24, 55, 59, GO. 
 
 CA-7, 71-8, 82.93. 91, 103, 117, 
 
 121,1.52, 1.37, 138, 144-170.172- 
 
 181, 190-99, 204, 210-14, 217-23. 
 
 23 1-G. 237-50. 
 Basing Ciiuroh, 152-1. 162, 1G3, 1G8, 
 
 179, 182, 183, 191, 203, 242. 
 Ba3in;;8toke, 2 I, 54, 55, Gl, 72-5,78, 
 
 141, 14G, 148, 1.50, 161-7,173, 174. 
 
 178-81, 187, 189-91, 197,221, 2.35, 
 
 245, 2 17. 
 Bishop's Waltham, 123, 141-3, 204, 
 
 219, 220. 
 Blaokduwn, 91, lOG. 
 Blandford, 171, 185, 213, 216. 
 Bramdean, 124, 129. 
 Bramlej'. 1 18. 
 BramsliiU. i;!7. 
 Bristol, 59, 205. 
 
 Calshot, 4G,52. 57, 157, 251. 
 Carisbrooko, 21, 22, 39, 124, 251, 252. 
 
 255. 2G0. 
 Chcriton. 128-34. 
 Chert, 199. 
 Chichester, 40. 45, 49-52, .55, 109, 114, 
 
 122, 126. 127, 197, 199,210, 219, 
 
 247,219. 2.'j5. 260,261. 
 Chinham, 176. 192. 
 Christchurch, G8, 1.39, 140,171, 196, 
 
 200, 211.3, 209. I 
 
 Cowdruv I[eu8o, 95, lOG, 115, 122. ' 
 Crondall, 84-7, 197, 203. I 
 
 Cropredy. 155, 157, 160, 162. ' 
 
 Delve, The. 16G-8, 178, 183, 192. 
 
 Devi/;es. 58-9. 
 
 DitL-ham, 91. 
 
 Donnin^ton Castle, 64, 151-5, IGO, 
 
 1G2, 181, 211, 217, 219, 247-9. 
 Dorchester, 58-9, 171, 208. j 
 
 Englefield, 256. 
 
 Foroham, 123, 203. ! 
 
 Farnham. 23, 45, 53, 55, 59, 69, 70, 
 78. 80-7, 92, 91, 96, 99, 10.'- 1, 
 12.3-1,134, 1».;-G, 151, IGO. 166, 
 1G8, 170-2, 181. 189, 197-9, 20.3-8, 
 214,217, 217,261. 
 
 Farrinjdou, 210-12, 251. 
 
 GoJalminj, 127, 150,204-5. 
 Go3j>ort, 18, 19, IC, 42, 201, 203, 255, 
 
 250. 
 Grc3'wcll, 144. 
 GuilJfor.l, 51, 70, 83-6, 123, 150-1, 
 
 255, 2G0. 
 
 Hack wood, 174, 191, 214, 2.35. 257. 
 
 Hartin-. 91-5, 110. 115. 252,261. 
 
 Havant. 10.1.4S. 110. 127. 
 
 Hay ling Isl.-in 1. 40. 171 
 
 Hayward's Ucalh, 48. 
 
 Hursley. 58, 252. 
 
 Hurst Castle. 52, 57. 79, 118. 119. 
 
 157, 172, 189, 200-1, 2u6,214,253, 
 
 255, 259. 
 
 IbIo of Wight, 14, 21-2, 38, 55,62, 79, 
 80, 90, 118, 121-5, 140, 157-8, 164, 
 171. 187 199-205,208. 
 
 Itchon Stoko, 250. 
 
 Kingsolcro, 180, 194, 209. 
 
 Langford House, 187, 200, 210, 214, 
 
 231. 248. 
 Lcxvcs, 15. 17. 
 
 Liphixik (Lipi ockc), 127, 255. 
 Lies. 194. 
 Lymin:,'ton. 53, 68, 118-9, 171, 201, 
 
 203, 253. 
 
 Marlborough, 21, 144-5, 172, 186, 204, 
 
 211.21';. 
 Meon, East. 128. 1 
 
 Mcon, West, 127-8. 
 
 I Midhurst, 82-3, 12i:-7, 199. 
 M instead, 261. 
 
 Xctley. 46, 120. 
 
 Newbury. 75,124, 135, 144-6,180,212- 
 
 13, 247-9. 
 Newport, I.W., 22, 119, 199, 260. 
 
 Odiham, 69, 81-2, 86-7, 121-4, 1-14. 
 
 149-51, 188, 193-1, 197, 199, 201, 
 
 214. 
 Oxford, 45. 51-5, 86. 153-62, 167, 173, 
 
 181, 206, 210, 213, 232, 236. 246. 
 
 Petersfieid, 1.3,95,99. 103.111, 121, 
 127-S, 196, 199, 201-5, 220, 255. 
 
 Petworth 83 91,93, luJ, 121-2, 126, 
 199,201. 
 
 Poolr, G8, 8o, 10 1, 109, 111, 118, 139, 
 203. 
 
 Portcliester, 127. 
 
 Portsmouth. 13. lJ-20, 37-43. 51-<;i, 
 6S-9, 79, 107, IIG. 125. 127, 144, 
 145, 157, 160, 171-2, 181-5. 196, 
 1.-9. JOl, 205, 209 10, 214-19, 234, 
 251, 2.j3. 258-9. 
 
 Pyats Hill, 157, 191-2. 
 
 Heading. 45, 55. 57. 70, 117-18. 134, 
 137. 141, 146, 180. 18^1-5, 198-9, 
 20S, 21.'. 219. 
 
 Ifingwood. 119, 140, 143, 2u8, 213. 
 
 Romscy, 4G, 56, 98. 121. 124, 126, 143, 
 201, 203, 203-9, 213-16. 
 
 Salisbury. 39, 5G-9. 106, 118, 122. 135, 
 i:i9, 114 5, 152, 16.3, 177,182,181, 
 186, 196, 198, 200,203,209,213, 
 216, 249, 253, 261. 
 
 Sandown, 52, 121. 
 
 .Shrrl)urnc. 181, 191. 
 
 Sherlicll. 152. 157, 181. 1S9. 
 
 Southampton. II, 14. 38. 41, 46. 57, 
 Gl-.l. G.-^.'.i. 75. 98. 101. 1 0.1. 117-21. 
 121, 13.). 1 13-1, IGI, 163, 170, 172, 
 184, 198, 201, 204, 209-10, 216, 
 254-5, 259-62. 
 
 Southnca Ciisllc. 19, 42, 57, 157, 216, 
 234.251. 25'.t. 
 
 Southwick. .39. 40, 58, 123. 
 
 i>tanHtcad. 95. 1 13. 
 
 Stockbridgc. 13. 
 
 Stoncham,63, 120.
 
 Index or Places. 
 
 270 
 
 Stonehengo (Stonage) 216, 2ft 1. 
 
 Taunton, 107-8, 213, 215. 
 Tichborno Down, 12t;, 127, l.'fo. 
 Tistcd West, 1.3, 121. 128, l.l.i. 
 Titchlicld, It, 187, 203, 218. 
 Trey ford, 127. 
 Twyford, 107, 121, 205-6. 
 
 Upham,52. 
 
 Up Park, 48, 91, 05. 
 
 I Vyne,Tho, 11, 12,75,251,917,260. 
 
 [ Walliii^ford. \\5->>, I7r,, 181,231. 
 I Wallop, i;i, 218. 
 
 Warblington, HI. 
 
 Wardour (Jastle, 59, 110. 118, iUI. 
 
 Weyhill 118. 
 
 Weymouth, ."I'J, 109,118, 12 ;. 13!t. Mfi. 
 171, 107, 201-5. 
 
 Whitchurch. 13, 130, 180, 213. 
 
 Wickham, Ml. 20.j. 
 
 Wilton, 14,57, 59, 135. 
 
 Winchester. 13. 24-.30, 38, 45, 62, 54-.^. 
 
 .■)0-(„3, K7, 01. 10<;. lir,. 118, 121-8. 
 
 1.3.'), 1(3. 15.s-i;o, ir,4, i7t;-7. 190. 
 
 201,20.'»-<i. 21 7-S,22: .33,14.'.. 2.')2-l, 
 
 250. 
 Win ihester Cathedral. 26-30. 23.S. 
 Winchester Castle, 11, 26. 46, 80-1. 
 20.'> 213. 2 1. '.-»;. 220,231-3. 216, 251. 
 Windsor, 40. 52. 68, 70. 24.V6. 2o6. 
 
 212. 2.34.
 
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 ,.,.,,p,«K.iONAL LIBRARY f»ClL'T>r 
 
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