HE R i^ i BOTIER LJNiV'.R'-.lTY OP CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO STORIES ABOUT ^ f- JAPAN "f- ^ By ANNIE R. BUTLER Author of 'Glimpses of Maori Land' ' Little Workers and Little Sufferers ' 'The Children's King' etc ' The old order changeth, yielding place to new, And God fulfils Himself in many ways' — Ttnnpon LONDON THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY 56 PATERNOSTER ROW and 65 ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD PREFACE Jhese * Stones about Japan ' are meant for children. They are a mosaic from many sources; amongst others, from J. J. Rein's learned work on Japan, Sir Edward James Reed's Japan, Miss Bird's Unbeaten Tracks in Japan, Eugene Stock's masterly rSswme of the history of Japan and the Japan Mission, and Coleridge's Lije and Letters oj Xavier ; also from various American periodicals — Life and Light, Mission Dayspri^ig, Mission- ary Link, Helping Hand, Little Helpers, and Children s Work for Children. I am indebted to the Church Missionary Society, the Baptist Missionary Society, and to the Women's Board of Missions, Boston, 6 Preface. for the gift of various back numbers of their pubHcations which throw Hght upon the country, people, and missions of Japan ; and to two friends who have been in that land for verbal and written information on the same subjects. I have also to thank one of these friends — a missionary of many years' experience — for her kindness in criticising the greater part of my manuscript. For the illustrations on pages 24, 59, 67, 87, and 96, I am indebted to the courtesy of Mr. John Murray ; and the illustrations from the Japanese Pilgrim's Progress, on pages 113, 118, and 119, are inserted by the kind permission of Mr. Eugene Stock, of the Church Missionary Society. A. R. B. CONTENTS. ——<^^'^p CHAPTER I. The Traditions of Japan II. The Religions of Japan 19 III The History of Japan 35 IV. The Land of the Rising Sun ... 43 V. How the Japanese Live .... 52 VI. Japanese Medicine and Medical Missions 84 VII. Other Mission Work in Japan . 96 PAGE II ILLUSTRATIONS. l-M-l PAGB A KURUMA, OR JiNRIKSHA . . . Frontispiece A Japanese Mansion lo Buddhist Priest in Full Dress . . . . i8 One of the Colossal Stone Images of Buddha FOUND IN Japan 24 A Japanese Praying Wheel 29 A Japanese Noble and his Attendants as they used to be 34 Map of Japan 43 A Japanese Postman 53 Mount Fuji-san, from the Sea .... 59 Mount Fuji-san, from an Inland Point of View 63 Japanese Attendant at a Tea-House ... 67 A Japanese Candlestick 76 Japanese Mother and Baby 87 A Buddhist Temple Gate in Japan ... 96 Mr. Worldly Wiseman 113 Christian and Hopeful in the Flatterer's Net 118 Christian at the Wicket- Gate . . . .119 STORIES ABOUT JAPAN. CHAPTER I. THE TRADITIONS OF JAPAN. * Land of the sun ! what foot invades Thy pagods and thy pillared shades, Thy cavern shrines and idol stones, Thy monarchs and their thousand thrones ? ' — Moore. [here were, so runs the story I have just been reading, in the very far back ages — * in the beginning,' as we should say — three deities dwelHng in otherwise uninhabited space. Their names were the Lord of the Centre of Heaven, the Lofty Producer, and the Divine Producer. By the two latter were produced the sun and moon ; and then there were five, instead of three ' Gods of the Heavens.' As time went on, fourteen inferior ofods 1 2 The Traditions of Japan. and goddesses were born of the sun and moon, of whom two, and two only, are ne- cessary to our story. For these two it was who determined to create Japan. In order to have some spot on which to rest while carrying out their purpose, one of them, the husband, thrust a spear down from heaven into the sea. As he drew it up, the drops which fell from it hardened and became an island ; and on this the sun-born pair descended. And in due course the eight most important islands of Japan might have been seen raising their heads above the surface of the sea in the far, far east. Other children were born to this god and goddess, one of whom, whose name was From-heaven-shining-great-august-deity, was so bright and beautiful that her parents not only allowed her to help them to govern the earth, which in those days only meant Japan, but they also made her Goddess of the Sun. But ages passed on, and the sun goddess, finding, perhaps, that the affairs of the heavenly body committed to her charge re- quired all her attention, appointed her grand- The Traditions of Japan. 13 son as her successor upon earth. Before he started for this world, she placed in his hands three imperial treasures — a stone ball, a sword, and a mirror — saying, as she gave the mirror, — ' Look upon this as my spirit, and worship it as if thou wert worshipping my actual presence, and thy dynasty will endure as long as heaven and earth.' And now Ninigi left for earth by the float- ino^ brido-e of heaven, and alia"hted at the south-west corner of his bow-shaped king- dom. All I know further about Ninigi is that he married, and had a son whose name deserves a line to itself, — Amatsuhitakahikohohodemino-mikoto, and a grandson, whose name I will spare you. But it does not much matter, for the real history of Japan begins with his great-grand- son, Jimmu Tenno. Jimmu was a powerful and enlightened prince, as, indeed, he might well be, with such a distinguished ancestry. He sought the 14 The Traditions of Japan. good of the country over which he had been so strangely placed, and dutifully preserved the gifts of his great-grandmother, as did also the emperors who followed him. And, lo ! it came to pass that while other dynasties rose and fell, and passed away, the dynasty of Jimmu Tenno endured, and may, for aught I know, endure, as the sun goddess promised, ' as long as the earth.' Am I telling you truth or nonsense, do you ask ? Well, dear children, truth and nonsense are so mixed up in all the early history of Japan, that it is not very easy to separate them. * Believe everything you can believe ; it is by far the most interesting thing to do,' as a dear old friend of mine says to her young friends. And some, at least, of this story you may look upon as true. Jimmu Tenno is an his- torical personage whose reign began 660 years before Christ; and no less than 123 emperors, or Mikados, have followed him in a direct line of succession ; whilst our Queen The Traditions of Japan. 15 Victoria, of whose descent we think so much, is only the thirtieth from William the Con- queror ! Why, * Old England ' is but a child to the nation whose first monarch was a contemporary of Manasseh, King of Judah ! The traditions of Japan are well worth studying, because, whatever may be the amount of truth or fiction in them, they have left their stamp upon the country and the people. To this day, if you were in Japan, you would hear the Mikado called 'Son of Heaven,' 'Emperor of Heaven'; while the chrysanthemum, with its sun-like rays, is used as the symbol of royalty, just IS the lily is in France ; and the national flag still bears as its device a red sun rising out of empty space. A stone, sword, and mirror, the reputed gifts of the sun goddess, are still carefully preserved. The Mikado has the stone, or ball ; the ' Sword of the Clustering Clouds of Heaven ' has received the adoration of millions at the temple of Atsuta ; and the mirror is at a place called Ise, while a copy of it is to be found in every Shinto temple. 1 6 The Ti^aditions of Japan. These mirrors are looked upon as images of the sun, and as an emblem of the purity of heart which all should strive to attain. Even ordinary looking-glasses have their lesson for the Japanese; seeming, as they do, to say to them, — ' Be righteous. Do nothing, speak no- thing, think nothing, which you would not like to see reflected in me.' For women, who are looked upon in Japan, as in China, as ' easily swerved from the right,' a looking-glass is considered a most appropriate present ^Ti-'^iU BUDDHIST PRIEST IN KUIX DRESS. i8 CHAPTER II. THE RELIGIONS OF JAPAN. SPOKE just now of Shinto temples. Shintoism is the older of the two prin- cipal religions of Japan. It teaches wor- ship of the sun goddess and of her descend- ants the Emperors, or Mikados, of Japan ; and it teaches also obedience to the reigning Mikado, and the need of purity, though on this last point it is anything but clear and helpful. * Man sins,' it says, ' and needs cleansing ; but, if he consults his own heart, he is sure to do right.* Brave, learned, and benevolent men are worshipped in the Shinto temples, and so also are various natural objects and other gods which have been added from time to time. Outside each Shinto temple is a straw rope 20 The Religions of Japan. with tassels, and a bell which must be rung to attract the attention of the gods. And each worshipper, before entering, must rinse his mout)h and wash his hands. Once inside, he claps his hands to call the gods again, throws some money on the ground, kneels down several times and mutters a few words, and then his prayers are over. What is the meaning of the straw rope ? Well, once in the olden days of which I was telling you a little while ago, the sun god- dess was offended and hid herself in a cavern. This so distressed the other gods, who were now left in darkness and confusion, that when at last they had enticed her out, they threw a straw rope round her to hold her tight and prevent her from leaving them again. And ever since then a straw rope has been a symbol of her worship. The other great religion of Japan is Bud- dhism. About twelve hundred years ago, some Buddhist priests, statues, prayer-books, etc., were sent to Japan from the neighbour- ing country of Korea, with a recommendation of the merits of Buddhism. The Mikado The Religions of Japan. 21 gave all the presents away, and said that he wished the Koreans would send him phy- sicians, apothecaries, artists, and learned men, instead of priests. But time wore on, and many of the Japanese, first amongst the rich and then amongst the poor, adopted the faith of Bud- dha, which became at last the prevailing religion of the country, and so has continued during the last six hundred years. Do you know how Buddhism first of all began, and what it teaches ? About the time probably that Jimmu Tenno was reigning over Japan, though the exact date is not known, an Indian prince, called Gautama, became so distressed by the sight of the suffering he saw all around him, that he determined to leave his wife and his one little son, and go into a desert and there think and think until he could make out what all the misery meant. In order to think more clearly, he denied himself for seven years in every possible way. And then light broke upon him, and he felt that he had arrived at * perfect knowledge.' 2 2 The Religions of Japan. And this was his conclusion : ' Every one who exists must suffer, because every one desires something ; let man deny his desires, then, till he has none left ; and he will be rewarded by losing his existence in nothing- ness.' Does it not sound dreary ? And yet when Gautama, or Buddha (the enlightened), as we must now call him, went back with his ' perfect knowledge ' to the world, he taught certainly some very excellent things. * You must be truthful, pure, honest, and sober,' he said, * and you must not kill. These are the five great duties. You must also put away covet ousness, hypocrisy, anger, pride, suspicion, ingratitude, and cruelty to animals. You must reverence your parents, obey your elders, and be ever calm, resigned, and forgiving. Thus will you deny desire and attain to nothingness.' Those who failed in these duties would, Buddha taught, be born again in the form of animals, and pass through great sufferings ; those who fulfilled them would be born in a higher state than before. And so on and on. ONE OF THE COLOSSAL STONE LMAGLS <.)K liUDDIlA FOUND LN JAI'AN. The Religions of Japan. 25 from stage to stage, until final perfection should be reached. He himself, say his followers, passed through no less than five hundred and fifty bodies before he became Buddha, the enlightened. But come with me now to a Buddhist temple, and you will see that with the course of time many additions have been made to the faith and practice of Buddha of which he in his simple desert and missionary life little dreamed. Here we are at the temple of Asakusa, in Tokio, Japan. Outside the gates are hundreds of booths, on which are arranged a gorgeous abundance of toys and dolls, and everything else that can possibly delight the eyes of babydom. Children are feeding the sacred horse that stands in the gateway, and hun- dreds of pigeons are swarming down from the roof for their share in the feast. It is a pretty sight, and it does seem tantalizing to have to leave it. But there is a great deal more to be seen to-day, so we must not stay very long. Now we are in the temple. Those people 26 The Religions of Japan. you see there, having rinsed their mouths, and washed their hands, and rung a bell to awaken the gods — just Hke the Shintoists — are now beginning to pray. Do I call that praying ? Well, they do. That figure before which they are standing is Kwannon, the goddess of mercy. Those slips of paper which they are chewing up into little round balls and spitting out to- wards the shrine have prayers written upon them. If these pellets stick, the worshippers are happy — their prayers are heard ; if they fall to the ground, they are sad — Kwannon has rejected their petitions. What a number of persons are bowing before the great wooden idol yonder ! Yes, that is BInzuru, a much-consulted doctor. See how the people first rub their right hands hard over his grotesque form — on head, neck, knees, or other part, as the case may be — and then stroke the same place more gently on themselves, in the hope that virtue has come out of him to heal them all. He looks quite polished, and his face is worn smooth by all this rubbing. Round his neck are a dozen The Religions of Japan. 27 bibs, the offerings of mothers on behalf of their sick children. And all the time a monotonous chant, Namu Amida Butsu, * Save (or hail), eternal Buddha,' is kept up by hundreds of voices ; and the image of Buddha, sitting upon a lotus flower — the emblem of righteousness — looks down calmly upon the scene around him. A strange scene it is, and yet this and other Buddhist temples of Japan seem in many ways curiously familiar to those who have been in the Romish churches abroad. Here, as there, are images in shrines with halos round their heads, and altars with richly ornamented altar cloths, before which the tonsured priest, in surplice, or cassock, hood, chasuble, and coloured stole, bows low as he passes. Here are processions, acolytes, tinkling of bells, the chanting of litanies in an unknown tongue, and incense. Here are gigantic candlesticks, lighted candles, and burning lamps. And here, too, are rosaries, flowers, dim light, and holy water. Nothing seems wanting, not even chalices and flag- ons, of approved ecclesiastical pattern. B 28 The Religions of Japan. ' The devil stole our religion and came away with it here, and turned it into Bud- dhism, to prevent this people from accepting Christianity when it should come here,' said an astonished Roman Catholic priest one day on visiting a Buddhist temple. ' There is very little difference between this and Buddhism,' observed a young Japanese Christian a short time since to a lady whom I know, with whom he had been attending a service at one of the ritualistic churches in the south-west of London. * Man's hand has been set to much that you have seen and heard to-day,' she re- plied. ' Yes, I thought it must be so ; for before I came out I read in the Bible, '* God is a Spirit: and they that worship Him must worship Him in spirit and in truth." ' There is one sect of Buddhists, called Shin, which discourages penance, fasting, pilgrim- ages, monasteries, nunneries, and celibacy of the priests, which their religion, as a rule, approves ; and it teaches that salvation is to be obtained, not so much by good works, The Religions of Japan. 29 though these are necessary, as by impHcit faith in the mercy of Buddha. The members of this sect may be called the Protestants of Japan. The other Buddhists say of them : A JAPANESE PRAYING WHEEL. ' They are so much like Christians that they might as well be so out and out' In the Asakusa temple, to which we have 30 The Religions of Japa7i. been paying an imaginary visit, is a revolving room, containing a library of the Buddhist scriptures. By the application of several shoulders, this room can be made to go round ; and one turn is considered equal to reading the holy books through. Praying is made even yet more easy. In the streets are tall posts with petitions printed on them, and with a little wheel attached. Any one who passes by can give the wheel a turn, and every turn is counted as a prayer. Charms and little idols are often carried about by the Japanese to preserve them from all harm, and in most of their homes one may find some, or all, of the seven household gods. These are the gods of riches, daily food, contentment, long life, love, learning, and fame. The first two are very especial favourites. Memorial tablets are put up, too, in the houses to relatives who have died ; and once a year worship is offered at the graves of departed friends. Before leaving the subject of the religions of Japan, I ought just to tell you that there is a race of people, the Ainos, living in The Religions of Japan. 31 Yezo, the second largest of the Japanese islands, who worship the bear, reverence the sun, moon, fire, wind, and water, and look upon tattooing as a religious duty. I say the Ainos * worship ' these objects, but indeed they have little or no idea of prayer. Their religion is just a few super- stitions, that is all. And as to the future, that is quite a blank. * How,' they ask, * can we know about a future state ? No man ever came back to tell us.' Ah ! dear children, ought not we, who know something by faith of the things which ' eye hath not seen, nor ear heard,' to go now to tell them ? *No interest in the Mission cause!* A Christian spoke the word : She knew not how her Ustener's heart Was startled, grieved, and stirred; Nor what responsibihty The uttered thought incurred. * No interest in the Mission cause !* When He, who died to save, 32 The Religions of Japan. For heathen nations, as for us, The priceless offering gave : Yet unwarned, heedless multitudes Are hastening to the grave ! 'Twas but a lightly-uttered word, Let fall with little thought Of all the sad significance With which the speech was fraught. My friend forgot the far-off field, While nearer home she wrought. But let us think — one moment think — Of nations' pressing needs. While the constraining love of Christ With heart and conscience pleads, Our ' interest ' in the Mission cause Will grow to prayerful deeds. — Selected. A JAPANESE NOBLE AND HIS ATTENDANTS AS THEY USED TO BE. 34 CHAPTER III. THE HISTORY OF JAPAN. ND now let US turn for a few moments from the traditions and religions of Japan to its history. Till quite lately there were in Japan these three classes of people besides the Mikado : the nobles, or feudal lords — like the Douglases and Campbells of Scottish history — their military vassals, and the common people. Now, in the reign of the seventieth Mikado, about the time of our William the Conqueror, there was a rebellion in Japan. The Mikado sent one of the feudal lords to fight the rebels, bestowing upon him the name of Shogun (Barbarian-quelling generalissimo). The noble returned covered with glory from the conflict, and the title which he had 36 The History of Japan. so well earned was preserved in the family, being handed down from father to son. And, as time went on, the power of the Shoguns increased, until it was they who were the real rulers of Japan ; while the Mikados, for whom they pretended to act, shut them- selves up in the holy city of Kioto, and were never seen by the people. They were only thought of, indeed, as objects of worship. Their very feet were considered too sacred to touch the ground. But, all this while, nothing whatever was known in Europe about the Land of the Rising Sun. About the time of our kings Henry III. and Edward I., an Italian, named Marco Polo, who was staying for awhile in Tartary, was told about Japan ; and when he came home he put what he had heard into a book which he wrote about his travels. Two hundred years later, Columbus read Marco Polo's book, and sailed out into the West to discover Japan. At least, that is what people suppose. But he discovered America instead. Fifty more years, and the time had come The History of Japan. 37 for * The Sleeping Beauty ' to be awakened. * The Prince ' was a certain Mendez Pinto, a Portuguese, who with two companions was driven by contrary winds upon the coast of Japan. He and his friends met with a hearty welcome from the kindly Japanese, and taught them in return the art of making gunpowder and firearms. But Pinto did not stay very long in the country, for he wanted to share the news of what he had found with his friends at home, and to ofet them to come too. But when he returned and told his tale, they at first thought: 'His name should be "Mendaz" (liar), instead of " Mendez." ' But ere very long they had altered their minds, and Portuguese traders were pouring into the newly discovered country. There was at this time a young man in Japan who had committed a crime, and who had fled for refuge to a Buddhist monastery. But his heart and conscience were awake and were ill at ease, and at last he confided his trouble of mind to some traders whom he knew. 3^ The History of Japan. * We are going- to India,' they said. 'Come with us. There is a holy man there who will be able to help you.' The man of whom they spoke was Francis Xavier, the ' Apostle of India/ a devoted Jesuit missionary. He received the young Japanese penitent kindly, and became the means of his conversion. One day he asked Paul Angiro — for 'Paul' was the name which the new convert received at his baptism, — * What prospects would Christianity have in Japan 1 ' * My people,' said the young man, ' would not immediately agree to what might be said, but they would ask many questions, and, above all, they would observe whether your conduct agreed with your words. If they were satisfied, they would flock to Christianity, being a nation that always follows reason as a guide.' So Xavier left India as the first Christian missionary to the Land of the Rising Sun. And now, like St. Paul, he was often in weariness and painfulness, in hunger and The History of Japan. 39 thirst, in cold and nakedness, besides having, Hke him, to bear on his heart ' the care of all the churches/ which rapidly sprang up around him and his helpers. But the Jesuit priests who succeeded Xavier were not of his spirit. They did not, as he had done, occupy themselves solely with religion, but they began to interfere with the politics of the country in which they were working — which a missionary should never do. And the consequences were what they might have foreseen. Their converts were persecuted and massacred ; they themselves were driven out of the country, and Christi- anity was strictly prohibited. And now a notice, which I am sure will shock you, was posted up in the streets — a notice which remained there for 230 years : — * So long as the sun shall warm the earth, let no Christian be so bold as to come to Japan ; and let all know that the King of Spain himself, or the Christian's God, or the great God of all, if He violate this command, shall pay for it with His head.' 40 The History of Japan. When the cruel persecutions in Madagascar obliged the missionaries to leave the country, they left the Bible with the people; and when they came back, they found m.ore Christians than ever. But the Jesuits did not leave the word of life behind them. What wonder, then, that after a little while Christianity almost died out in Japan, and that the very memory of it became a thing of terror } And now the land of the sun goddess had gone fast asleep again, and round it there grew up once more the hedge of mystery and silence — a hedge through which none but the Dutch were allowed even to peep. The Dutch, you must know, had once told tales to the Japanese Government about some Jesuit plot, and were, on that account, allowed to remain in a remote corner of the kingdom when every other European had been driven away. But now Japan was to have a second rousing up, and one which should awaken her for good. It came from the Americans. In 1853 they sailed up to the Bay of Yeddo, insisted The History of Japan. 41 on seeing one of the chief officials of the country, and gave him a letter for the Mikado. Then they said, — ' We will come again next year, and fetch the answer.' And so they sailed away. The letter was from the President of the United States to the Mikado, and asked permission for the Americans to trade with the Japanese, saying, — ' We know that the ancient laws of your Imperial Majesty's Government do not allow of foreign trade, except with the Chinese and the Dutch ; but as the state of the world changes, and new governments are formed, it seems to be wise from time to time to make new laws.' Oh, the commotion that there was now in Japan ! ' Have nothing to do with the foreign barbarians,' advised some. * There is a great deal that we could learn from the foreigners,' said others. Back next year came the Americans, and finding they would not take * No ' for an answer, the Japanese had to give in. * Why should not we too have a share in 42 The History of Japaiz. the Japanese trade,' thought the Enghsh, — 'in its tea, rice, and hemp, its silk, indigo, and lacquer, its gold, silver, copper, tin, mercury, and lead, its precious stones, and its petio leum ? ' And now they too came sailing right up the bay to the Shogun's city of Yeddo, and saying, — * In the name of the Queen of England let us too come in.' In vain boats tried to stop them. In vain officials with two swords waved them back with their fans. They too got their way, and permission was given us to trade with six (now eight) of the Japanese ports. MAP OF JAPAN. {^7 lie names nn this map follozv the old spelling, but can easily he identified.) CHAPTER IV. THE LAND OF THE RISING SUN. ND now, before we go any farther, we shall have to stop and look for a moment at the Land of the Rising Sun. You will get the best general idea of its position from the map of the world. And 44 ^/^^ Land of the Rising Sun. then, for the names of places you can turn to the map at the head of this chapter. It has lost the bow-like shape which once it had. Saghalien, which once partly belonged to it, has been given up to the Russians, and Japan has taken possession of other islands in its place. But it now stretches farther than ever — from the Kuriles, close to Kamtschatka, on the north, to the Loo-Choos, near Formosa, on the coast of China, on the south — a distance of 2,000 miles. It covers rather more ground than the British Isles, and contains rather more people. Four of the 3,850 islands of which the Japanese kingdom is said to be made up are decidedly larger than the others — Nippon (or Hondo), Yezo (Yesso), Kiu- shiu, and Shikoku. And in the first three of these you will find the ports which have been opened to us — Yeddo (or, as it is now called, Tokio), Yokohama, Niigata, Osaka, Shimo-no-seki, and Kobe in Nippon, Hako- date in Yezo, and Nagasaki in Kiushiu. As a rule, I try not to bring in many hard names, which I am sure will never be The Land of the Rising Sun. 45 either remembered or wanted ; but if you really care to know anything intelligently about Japan, I do advise you to get these into your mind. But now let us go back to our story of the re-opening of the country. Some of the feudal lords were very angry that ' the impetuous barbarian ' had been let in, after all, and they began to say : — ' What right had the Shogun to give any such permission ? He is not the emperor. It is the Mikado only we are bound to obey. Honour the Mikado, and drive out the bar- barian.' And now followed several years of party quarrels and confusion, and in 1868 a revo- lution took place, which completely changed the whole order of things ; for the Shoguns were now overthrown and driven from their palace at Yeddo, and the Mikado, like a butterfly that comes out of its chrysalis, left his sacred retirement at Kioto to live amongst his people at Yeddo, and changed the name of that city to Tokio. The following year, the feudal lords came c 46 TJie Land of the Rising Sun. to the conclusion amongst themselves that it would be for the good of the nation to have one, and only one, master to look up to ; and they determined that they would give up all their special rights and privileges — their lands, military vassals, and power — into the emperor's hands. Was not that a grand and noble step to take ? But now that the Mikado was head and chief aofain in the land, he seemed no more anxious than the Shoguns had been to 'drive out the barbarians.' And his wisest subjects very much wanted us to stop. Some of them had been to Europe and America, to find out all that they could for the emperor about our Western plans and ways, and they said : — ' It would be a positive misfortune to close the country, and drive out the foreigners.' ' Not the foreigners, but we ourselves are the barbarians!' they exclaimed, when they saw the way that some of the Japanese were treating us at that time. And so it came to pass that in course of time every one left off talking about driving us away, and began instead to learn from us The Land of the Rising Sim. 47 as much as they possibly could — medicine from the Germans, military affairs from the French, navigation from the English, canal- making from the Dutch, agriculture from the A^mericans, and more besides than I could tell you. So eager were they to study, that, finding their teachers would not give them lessons on Sunday, they gave up the Japanese holiday of every fifth day, and adopted our Sunday instead. So anxious were they for European knowledge, that they would even consent to study the despised Christian religion with those from whom they knew they would afterwards be able to get a lesson in science. A noble American, Mr. Clark, a science teacher, was once asked to promise that he would not speak to his students for three years about Christ. But he answered as Daniel would have done : — ' It is impossible that a Christian should be silent for three years on the subject which lies nearest to his heart' You will not be surprised to hear that a jarge number of the young men of the 48 The Land of the Rising Sun. college in which Mr. Clark taught, learned, and that very soon, to love and serve the Master whom he so loved and honoured. In the midst of the time of trouble and con- fusion of which I was just now telling you, there was a young man at Yeddo (Tokio) who, like Xavier's convert, Paul Angiro, was anxious to find a Saviour and a God whom he could really trust and worship. This young man, Nishima, got hold one day of a book on geography in the Chinese language, written by an American mission- ary. It began : — ' In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.' What could this mean ? Who was this God ? Certainly He did not live in Japan. Perhaps He might live in America, where the author of the book was born. And Nishima determined to go to America. There was a punishment of death, or im- prisonment, at that time for those who left the country without leave ; and Nishima could not have explained to the authorities why he wanted to go away, seeing that Christianity The Land of the Rising Stm. 49 was forbidden by Government. So he had to get secretly into a ship which was leaving for China, and from there go on to America, working his way out like any common sailor. But when he got to America, he was more puzzled than ever what to do, and one day he said to the captain of the ship : — * I came all the way to Boston to find God, and there is no one to tell me about Him.' So the captain spoke to the owner of the ship, a good Christian man called Mr. Hardy, and he was most kind. You may be sure that he told the young stranger about the true God ; but he did more than this — he took him to his own home, treated him as a son, and sent him to college. This is the way to treat the stranger in a strangle land. ' Ye shall love the stranofer,' is our Lord's command, and by loving him we may the more readily win him on to share our love for Christ. For Christ's sake then, dear boys and girls, use any and every opportunity you may ever have of showing courtesy and kindness to foreigners, and especially to Orientals. 50 The Land of the Rising Stin. Ten years passed by, years of much study and much European travel, and then Nishima went back to his own country to — ' tell to all around What a dear Saviour he had found, To point to His redeeming blood, And say, "Behold the way to God."' Christian people in America were so much interested in Nishima's story that for his sake they became much more interested in Japan than they had been before, and they began to send many missionaries there. And the English ^ and Scotch sent some too. There are now (1888) about six hundred missionaries in Japan, counting the native helpers, to say nothing of those sent by the Greek and Roman Catholic Churches. The Christian teachers had at first to work very quietly and carefully. Even as late as 1868, after the revolution, a notice was posted up in all the streets : — ' The evil sect called Christian is strictly 1 The first English missionary went to Japan in the year of the revolution, 1868. The Lajid of the Rising Sun. 51 prohibited. Suspicious persons should be reported to the proper officers, and rewards will be given.' But in five years' time all these notice boards were taken down, and in three more the people of Japan had full liberty, as far as government was concerned, to believe as they liked. CHAPTER V. HOW THE JAPANESE LIVE. "F you were to take a pleasure journey through Japan, I believe you would think it a most charming place ior the mission- aries to go to. When you wanted to start in the morning, you would not call a cab, but you would get into the funniest little carriage you can imagine — a sort of arm-chair with wheels and two shafts — and you would have a man instead of a horse to trot away with you. Carriages like this are called jin-rik-shas, or man-power carriages, and somebody one day made rather a good pun, calling them * Pull-man cars.' You would think this kind of travelling good fun, I am sure, especially if your runner How the Japanese Live. 55 were tattooed as one of the late Lady Bras- sey's once was. He had the root of a tree on one foot, and from this the trunk sprang, and the branches gradually spread, until on his back and chest they bore flowers and fruit, amongst which birds were perched. On his other leg was a large stork, which looked as if it were standing under the shadow of the tree. It would amuse you very much, as you travelled on, to notice the contrasts between England and Japan. You would almost fancy yourself in a different planet. Here the cats have no tails, and the bells have no tongues (they are struck from the outside). The birds sing but little, and our mode of kissing is an art unknown. The horse stands with his head from the stall ; and when the rider mounts, it is from the right, not the left. When acquaintances meet, each presses his own hand ; and the left side is reckoned the more honourable. The teeth of the saw and the thread of the screw run in the opposite direction to ours. The tailor sews from, and the carpenter planes towards 56 How the Japanese Live. him. The blacksmith pulls the bellows with his foot ; the cooper holds the tub with his toes. Everything pretty is put at the back, instead of the front, of a building ; and gar- dens are watered from a little pail with a wooden spoon. Sometimes one's own mouth is used as a squirt for the purposes of water- ing. As to food, milk, butter, and cheese are as naturally disagreeable to the Japanese as they are necessary to us. The postman on page 53 is very different from those we are accustomed to see. If you went into a school, you would find the children reading down instead of across the page, and from the end instead of from the beginning of the book ; while their ex- aminations are after, instead of before the holidays. They do not have fluid ink in ink-bottles, as we do, but each scholar has a cake of ink which he rubs in just the same way as we rub paint. You are accustomed to think that the siens of the Zodiac are, * The Ram, the Bull, the Heavenly Twins,' etc. ; but the Japanese student will correct this error, and tell you How the Japanese Live. 57 that they are the Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Serpent, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Cock, Dog, and Hog". But what would seem the oddest thing of all to you in a Japanese school would be to see the masters and half of the scholars with little pipes in their mouths, smoking during the lessons. What shall I say of the music which you might hear on your journey ? Well, I be- lieve it would sound as ours does, or used to do, in the ear of the Japanese. Some of them have changed their opinion of late years, but what do you think they used to say ? * Children, coolies, and women may find pleasure in European music ; but an educated Japanese could never tolerate it. That is something like the opinion of the natives of India, whose mournful bhajans {bhujuns) sound so monotonous to us. * The English,' they say, * have done a great deal for this country ; they can do almost everything better than we can ; but they can never excel us in music — never ! ' $8 How the Japa7tese Live. As you journeyed on and on, from day to day, in ^owx jijiriksha (or kurimia), you would think the scenery lovely. What with ever- green forests and thousands of acres of rice- fields, and the general greenness of every- thing, one might call Japan, like Ireland, an emerald isle. But perhaps it is autumn, the best part of the year in Japan, when the changing leaves of the maple clothe the whole hill- side with a rich colouring of crimson, which is relieved only by the green of the hollies, pines, and cedars here and there, and by the deep azure background of the October sky. Or, maybe, the snow- clad sacred mountain, Fuji-san (or Fuji-yama), comes in sight. It is more than twelve thousand feet high, can be seen a hundred miles away, and is grand beyond description. You would certainly find some of the country roads in Japan shockingly bad ; and that does make travelling rather tiresome from time to time. But there are always tea- houses conveniently placed where one can How the Japanese Live. 59 get rest, and tea, and rice, for a mere trifle. And when one arrives at a town, one sees MOUNT FUJI-SAN, FROM THE SEA. such beautifully kept streets that the contrast is quite refreshing. Every scrap of paper or bit of stick or other rubbish which is found in the streets 6o How the Japanese Live. of Japan is pounced upon and put carefully out of sight. How I wished this summer that the Japanese had charge of a certain town on the Clyde — a favourite place for picnic parties — in which I found myself for a few weeks. Can you guess why ? The shops and houses in these tidy Japan- ese streets are about twenty feet high. They are raised a few inches from the ground, and have a verandah, before entering which you must take off your shoes. At night they are closed with sliding screens, but by day the front screens and those which divide the rooms one from the other are drawn back, so that any one can see inside. Most of the houses are small, but here and there large, fine ones, like that shown on page lo, are to be found. There is not much to be seen in the houses, save the beautifully matted floors, for the Japanese use but very little furniture. They need no chairs, for they sit on the ground, with their legs and feet well tucked under them for warmth (for they have no proper fireplaces like ours, only charcoal braziers). How the Japanese Live. 6i Their meals, which they eat, Chinese fashion with chop-sticks, are served up to them on small tables about six inches high. Their treasures they put away in ornamental fire- proof houses in the back premises. They use no beds, but sleep on the floor, resting their heads, or rather their necks (for the ladies are afraid of disarranging their elabor- ately dressed hair), on small pieces of wood, which are narrowed and scooped out and cushioned at the top. The cushion is about the size and shape of a small roly-poly pud- ding. This last arrangement sounds uncomfort- able to us, but when a medical missionary in Japan put English beds into his hospital, for the convenience of doctor and nurses, the patients at first did not like them at all. They were frightened, and thought they should fall through. Whatever you might think of the houses, I am sure that the shops would delight you. Japan has been called, ' The Children's Para- dise,' and ' The Paradise of Babies ' ; and so you would think it if you could see long 62 How the Japanese Live. streets with scarcely anything in them but stuffed and china animals on wheels, toy idols and idol cars, windmills and water-wheels, battledores and shuttle-cocks, sugar toys of all kinds, and dolls of all sizes ! Then there are other streets containing shops for ornamental hairpins, for smoking materials, and for sweetmeats, for fans, idols, lanterns and lacquer, for straw rain- cloaks (which make one look like a porcu- pine), and paper articles, and for books, clothing, food, and everything else you can think of. The Japanese make no less than sixty kinds of paper, and there is a strict etiquette as to the use which shall be made of each kind. They use paper for walls, windows, and wrappers, for cloaks, hats, and handker- chiefs, and for many another thing. Fancy going out in a shower with a paper um- brella, or drinking your tea out of a paper cup ! But you would do so in Japan, and would find too that paper properly prepared keeps out wet and damp very satis- factorily. MOUNT FUJI-SAN, FROM AN INLAND POINT OF VIEW. 63 How the Japanese Live. 65 But it is time that I should tell you some- thing about the people themselves. They are pleasant-looking, though not handsome according to our English ideas of beauty. They have sallow, and, as a rule, rather dark complexions, black eyes more slantingly placed than ours, black hair and high cheek-bones. When they smile, they have a very soft, gentle expres- sion. The women are very small ; they are seldom more than four feet three inches in height ; but the men, though generally short, are taller in proportion than the women, and some of the peasants are really quite fine- looking fellows. The native dress is almost exactly the same for men, women, and children. All wear a sort of scanty dressing-gown, or ki- mono ^ which the men fold from left to right, and the women from right to left. This kimono has very long sleeves, which are often sewn up part of the way, so as to form convenient pockets. The other day a little Japanese girl let me D 66 How the Japanese Live. peep inside one of her sleeve pockets, and there I saw — what do you think ? A pair of stockings. But it would have held a whole wardrobe ! The stockings she had on were not like those which you wear. They had a place for the big toe. And she wore clogs, which were kept on by a leather strap passed between the toes. These wooden clogs add nicely to the height of the Japanese people. Round the kimono goes a girdle, which men wear narrow, but women wear very wide. It is a most important part of a girl's education to learn how to tie the ten yards of stuff of which her obi, or girdle, is made ; for it has to be arranged differently according to one's age and position, and whether one is married or not. The children always have a nicely em- bossed and designed card fastened securely to their girdles, with their name and address written upon it. That is an excellent plan. How grateful the policemen who look after our little lost JAPANESE ATTENDANT AT A TEA-HOUSE. 67 How the Japanese Live. 69 children would be if we were to adopt it in England ! This girdle serves as another pocket for the women, while they, and the men too, put away all sorts of things — even their little boys and girls — in the front of their kimonos. A lady once saw a man pull out no less than seven books and a map from one of these hiding-places ! Under this dress is often worn a vest, and over it a jacket, both made in somewhat the same style as the kimono. And with these articles of clothing the in- and out-door cos- tume of Japan is complete. To tell the difference between a Japanese man and woman, you must notice not only the girdle and the folding of the ki77tono, but the way the hair is done — the women's hair being arranged in great chignons and bows. When women are engaged or married, an- other difference may often be seen ; for the native custom on such occasions is to blacken the teeth, and shave off the eyebrows. 70 How the Japanese Live. You think that the Japanese ladies must look very ugly. Well, dear children, I dare say the Japanese often say the same about English ladies when they see them for the first time. I know that once, when a lady called Miss Bird was travelling through Japan, the children ran away in terror, because they thought she was — what do you think ? A big ape ! At all events, we do puzzle and interest the Japanese who have not seen English people before. About forty persons assembled one day to gaze up into a loft at Miss Bird ; and when the owner of the house wanted them to go away, they said, — ' It is neither fair nor neighbourly in you to keep this great sight to yourself, seeing that our lives may pass without again looking on a foreign woman.' ' That gentleman has shaved off his beard,' remarked a man on another occasion about a missionary's wife. But these speeches were all made several years ago, and foreign ladies are not quite How the Japanese Live. 71 the strange sight in Japan that they were in those days. The Japanese are, as a nation, extremely courteous, industrious, quick at learning, in- dependent, and neat. Miss Bird, of whom I told you just now, says that during a journey of 1,200 miles, no one ever tried to cheat her, and that only one was at all impolite. That one was a child, and it was severely scolded for its rudeness. But all foreigners in Japan are not so fortunate as she. The children are taught to be polite at home as well as to strangers, and their kind- ness to one another, and their obedience to their parents, are very beautiful to see. Their fathers and mothers love them very, very dearly, and hardly ever punish them. But indeed they scarcely ever seem to need to be punished. Perhaps it is partly their long dress, which prevents them from running about much, and makes them prefer quiet play ; but certain it is, they are never rude and rough and noisy when let loose from school, as our English children too often are. 72 How the Japanese Live. You would be amused to watch their game of kite. Each boy tries to get his kite into such a position in the air that its string shall saw through the string of another. This done, the cut kite becomes the pro- perty of the conqueror, and the victor and vanquished exchange three very low bows. The boys, like their fathers, are very in- genious ; and waterwork toys, which they set going in the many street canals, and paper carts loaded with rice and harnessed with beetles, are a great source of amusement to them. One game all the children, and the grown- up people too, enjoy ; and could you peep down into the Japanese houses in the even- ing, after the sliding screens have closed them up, and made them look like so many boxes, you would find it going on in many of the homes. It is a game of ' Proverbs,' and is played with picture cards, something after the fashion of our ' Quartettes.' The Japanese delight in festivities, and five days in the year are observed as very How the Japanese Live. 73 special holidays — the first day of the first month, the third of the third month, the fifth of the fifth month, the seventh of the seventh month, and the ninth of the ninth month. January the first is called the Feast of Congratulations and Presents. It is perhaps the prettiest sight of child- life in Japan to see the girls turning out on New Year's Day in their best and gayest robes of rich-coloured crape, stamped all over with decorations of plum blossom and bril- liant red maple leaves, and with their hair done up to perfection, each head being finished off with a bright artificial rose or some other flower. Many presents are given on New Year's Day, but the principal amusement of the girls is to stand for hours at the doors of their houses playing at battledore and shuttle- cock. Dolls are the chief joy of a Japanese girl's heart, and Japan is, above all others, the land of dolls. The third day of the third month, then, is devoted to the girls. A Feast of 74 How the Japanese Live. Dolls is held, and all the family dolls are brought out — over a hundred, perhaps, for they are handed down from generation to generation. The boys do not care much for the third of March ; they are looking forward to the fifth day of the fifth month, when they will have a Feast of Flags, when the cities and the towns will all be gay with banners, and they, in crowds, will carry them about the streets. The next festival is on July the seventh, the Feast of Lanterns, when the little girls go about singing and swinging paper lan- terns. Then comes the Feast of Chrysanthe- mums, on the ninth of the ninth month (September), when leaves of the chrysan- themum are scattered over all the cups of tea and sakd at every meal of the family. This is to bring long life. Sak^, I should tell you, by the way, is an intoxicating beer made out of rice, which is very much drunk by the Japanese. One of the most striking things about this How the Japanese Live. 75 nation is its passionate love of beauty, espe- cially in the form of flowers and of flowering shrubs and trees, of which there is a perfect wealth in Japan. The chrysanthemum and camellia, the plum blossom and cherry blossom, the peony, iris, and lotus are very especial favourites. When these, and other flowers too, are at the height of their beauty, the people set apart a day for admiring them. One day they turn out to ' behold * the chrysanthemums, even as just now, while I am writing, our Londoners are * beholding ' them in the Temple Gardens. This is, of course, in the autumn ; but the cherry blossom ' beholding ' falls in the pleasant month of April, which is so suitable for long picnic parties that this is perhaps the most popular of all these outings, even though the maple 'beholding,' from the gorgeous colouring of the trees, has earned the name of ' The Long Looking,' or ' The Gazing Intently at' The arranorino- of flowers is studied as an o o art by the Japanese. Where we have great 76 How the Japanese Live. bouquets, they put one lovely flower alone in a vase ; and when its beauty has been A JAPANESE CANDLESTICK. sufficiently enjoyed, they exchange it for another. In painting birds and trees, they arrange them in pairs. The plum blossom and the How the Japanese Live. 77 oriole, which tell of love, — the stork and the pine tree, which tell of longevity and con- stancy, would, for instance, always go to- gether. Even in the names which they give their children — such as Spring, Snow, Chrysanthe- mum, Blossom, Plum, Cedar — they show their great love of nature. And an artist has been known to devote his life to the painting of only one kind of blossom ! The Japanese carving is extremely beauti- ful. And if you could be in Japan just after a snow-storm, you would be delighted. The whole place is like a sculptor's studio. There one may see snow-white (or white snow) rabbits looking out of doorways, with lap-dogs, cats, frisky kittens, and a big rat. Here, foxes on all-fours, with ears and tail erect, an elephant with a five-foot proboscis, a frog, four feet long, ready to jump in at some house directly the door is opened, and a turtle just as big. There, at a corner, sits a white bear on its haunches ; here are the god of luck, six or seven feet high, and some old men and 78 How the Japanese Live. women, and yonder is some snowy mountain scenery. In many of the shops may be seen the two cakes, one on the top of the other, which people give to one another and offer to the gods on New Year's Day ; and in this one is a kettle set over the fire bowl to boil — everything made in snow. These are some of the things which were actually seen by a missionary lady one afternoon on her way to a women's Bible class. When she got to the meeting, she heard the women say one to another, not — * How are you to-day ? ' or ' Good after- noon,' but — ■ * How much of the cold thing has fallen ! ' Women have a much better position in Japan than they have in any other Eastern country, for they move about freely and with their faces uncovered ; and daughters, though not so much desired as sons, are still very precious when they come, while the wife is really loved and appreciated by the husband. Still, the customs of Japan with regard How the Japanese Live. 79 to women are very different from what they are in our part of the world ; and though the women of Japan take them as a matter of course, and do not feel de- graded by them, they are very different from European habits. Not very long ago some American mis- sionaries were travelling in Japan. Some of the natives who were in the same carriaee with them spent the six hours of the journey- in their usual fashion, drinking tea, eating sweetmeats, of which the Japanese consume great quantities, and in smoking. An army officer, whose long sword rested in a rack with his umbrella, amused himself by teaching his two-year-old boy to smoke a cigarette. A younger child of the same family, dressed in the usual red and yellow garments of Japanese babyhood, inspected the missionaries with unflagging interest with its bright, bead-like eyes. Its mother, bowing politely, offered them sugar-coated beans. Not once dur- ing the six hours did her husband speak to her. It would have been a great lowering of his dignity had he done so. Several times 8o How the Japanese Live. she addressed remarks to him, Invariably calling him damia san (master), to which he responded by a slight inclination of the head. This may give you an idea of what I mean. The chivalry which Christ's religion teaches, and which no true gentle- man can afford to despise, is wanting in Japan. ' I think,' said a poor Indian woman once, * that this book (the Bible) must have been written by a woman, for it says such kind things about women.' The education of girls has not been at- tended to in Japan as it ought to have been, etiquette having been considered as the most important of all their studies. There is, however, a code of ' morals for women ' which they are taught from babyhood. In this they find that — ' The minds of women generally are as dark as night, and they are more stupid than men ; they do not notice what is before them, and they slander innocent persons ; they envy the happiness of others, and pet their How the Japanese Live. children, all to the discredit of their hus- bands. Women are stupid, therefore they must be humble and obedient to their hus- bands.' And also that, 'All women shall think their husbands to be heaven ; ' with much else to the same effect. Some good things there are amongst the rules given to girls for their behaviour — this, for instance : — ' It is more important that a girl's heart be right than that she have a beautiful form. A girl should not speak roughly, nor look fierce with her eyes, nor get angry, nor set herself up as better than others, nor, if laughed at, fail to profit by it.' The Japanese have many proverbs and proverbial sayings, some of which are very much like our own. * There are thorns on all roses.' * Speak of a man and his shadow comes.' * Sufficient dust will make a mountain. (' Many a mickle makes a muckle.') ' The absent get farther off every day.' (' Out of sight, out of mind.') 82 How the Japanese Live. * Eagerness is loss.' (* More haste, worse speed.') ' There is no teacher of Japanese poetry.' (* A poet is born, not made.') And many another such. * Do you know how to boil potatoes ? ' the Japanese say to stupid or clumsy persons who have just said or done some silly thing ; and when they want to speak of at- tempting something that is impossible, they talk of— ' Scattering a fog with a fan,' * Dipping up the ocean with a shell,' or * Throwing a stone at the sun.' Some of their superstitions are very funny, but not more so than many which are still lingering in our own country. Salt must not be bought at night, and even when it is bought by day a little of it must be sprinkled in the fire, to avoid misfortunes and family quarrels. New clothes must not be put on after five p.m., or they will bring bad luck. Purple and violet must not be worn at a wedding, or the bride and bride- groom will soon disagree. Cold water must How the Japanese Live. be poured into hot, not hot into cold. The syllable shi must not be used on New Year's Day, for one meaning of that syllable is ♦ death.' CHAPTER VI. JAPANESE MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MISSIONS. fHE Japanese have many superstitions about illness, though till foreigners came 1^ they had very little knowledge of how to prevent or cure disease. Then — and I am afraid it is too much the same now — one might find neat houses, but want of drainage ; carefully swept streets, but stag- nant canals covered with slime down the middle of them. Fruit is gathered green, and eaten by the children when it is hard and unripe. But when illness comes, it is commonly traced, not to bad smells or to unwholesome food, but to the evil spirit of disease. And now gods are consulted, priests bring printed medicine charms, which the patient swallows, 84 Medicine and Medical Missiofis. 85 the skin of the sick person is pricked or burned by relatives, and the doctor comes with 'such physic, and so much to take,' that one would think it would kill instead of cure. But the tender, loving care of the little Japanese mothers brings their children through many an illness, in spite of all the strange prescriptions which have to be fol- lowed. If the invalid is able to do so, he per- haps tries a pilgrimage. That is a favourite remedy ; and you, I am sure, if you were a Japanese boy or girl, would think it a very pleasant one. The change of air and scene, and the exercise which one gets when going on pilgrimage, are doubtless very often help- ful to recovery. When small-pox comes into a town, fathers will put up a notice on the front of the house to say that their children are absent. This is to cheat the disease. And if, in spite of his precautions, the little ones are attacked, they will very likely allow them to be carried through the streets while they are ill, and to 86 Medicine and Medical Missions, mix with other children before they are well again, without the least idea that they are doing anything foolish. ' Western ' doctors are cheating the small- pox disease in a far better fashion than the one I have just told you — by vaccination. And the smooth cheeks of the children of the present day are a great contrast to those of the grown-up people, who used to suffer terribly from this illness. As in Egypt, about half of the patients who come to the medical mission or any other dispensary in Japan are suffering from their eyes. One reason of this, amongst many, is the way the babies are carried. They are almost always on somebody's back, and their little heads, being unsupported, wobble first on one side and then on the other, until at last they fall backwards. And now the sun's rays glare pitilessly down on the poor little eyes, and soon injure them for life. The fumes of charcoal, too, of which the Japanese burn a great deal, are very bad for the sight, especially in the evening, Medicine and Medical Missions. 89 when their houses are closely shut up and there is no chance of getting any ventila- tion. Here then, in Japan, is work for a medi- cal missionary. Even an ordinary traveller with a kind heart and a few medicines will soon find his hands full. In one place where Miss Bird stayed dur- ing her travels in this country, there was a little child of two and a half who had swal- lowed a fish bone. It had been suffering and crying for eighteen hours, and all that time its kind mother had been walking up and down with it. But she had never thought of lookino^ into its throat, and was very unwilling that the foreign lady should do so. But when at last Miss Bird had not only found where the bone was, but had removed it with a crochet needle, the poor mother was very grateful ; and an hour afterwards she sent her a tray of cakes and confectionery, with a little piece of seaweed. In Japan, if a piece of dried fish or dried seaweed comes to you with other things, it says as plainly 90 Medicine and Medical Missions. as words themselves could speak, * These things are meant as a present.' Before night, seven other persons had applied to Miss Bird for advice. Another time there was at the inn where Miss Bird was staying a child with a very bad cough. She gave him a few drops of medicine, which, for the time at least, stopped it entirely; and the cure was at once noised abroad. By five the next morning she heard a great whispering and shuffling outside her room, and saw eyes peeping at her through the holes in her paper walls ; and when at last she came out, she was shocked and distressed by the sight which met her eyes. The whole village was gathered at her door. Fathers and mothers held out little diseased and naked children towards her. Daughters had brought blind mothers to be healed. Men showed her their wounds. The sick begged for medicine. The well looked on with curiosity or anxiety. What was to be done ? Sadly she told them that she did not under Medicine and Medical Missions. 91 stand all their manifold * diseases and tor- ments '; and that even if she did, she had no stock of medicines ; and that in her own country soap and water and towels were considered very useful in preventing and curing such illnesses as many of them were suffering from. And then, after making up ointment for some of the worst cases, she had to ride away. It is enough to bring tears to one's eyes to think of the poor creatures in many of the villages of Japan, of whom it may still be said, — ' The whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint. ' From the sole of the foot even unto the head, there is no soundness in it, but wounds, and bruises, and putrefying sores ; they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment' These must still suffer and wait until some Good Samaritan shall pass by their way. In the treaty towns things are better ; there Western civilization is making way with rail- 92 Medicine and Medical Missions. way speed, and Western sciences are earnestly studied, and most of all the science of medi- cine. From the earliest times the Japanese have cared for this study. You will remember how, when the Koreans first sent Buddhist priests and treasures to Japan, the Mikado said, — * I wish they would send me doctors in- stead of bonzes (or priests).' And we read of a royal prince, who lived about the same date, who gave up certain days in every year to * medicine-hunting,' which meant, no doubt, botanical excur- sions to look for the medical herbs which the Chinese had taught the Japanese to use. At the present day there is nothing which is so carefully cultivated in Japan as is one of these Chinese medical herbs. It is called ginseng, and is very valuable indeed. The eager and intelligent interest which the Japanese medical students of the pre- sent day throw into their studies would put many in our own hospitals to shame. A Medicine and Medical Missions, 93 doctor whom I know,^ who visited Yoko- hama in 1866, two years before the re- volution, was very much struck by the be- haviour of some young men at the hospital there. Speaking of them one day, he said : — * The Japanese are fine fellows, they have great ability, and are very painstaking. When these students went round with the physician, they listened most attentively, and took notes of all he said. Then they looked at the cards at the head of the beds, to see what medicines had been given. And finally, they went down to the dispensary and examined these medicines. They reached down the bottles, took out the stoppers, looked at the contents, smelt them — did everything but taste them. That they did not, somehow, seem to fancy. Such men are sure to get on. They couldn't help it, for they let no- thing escape them.' And they have got on ; so that now there 1 George Saunders, M.D., C.B., Inspector-General of Hospitals, and late of the London Medical Mission. 94 Medicine mtd Medical Missions. are many Japanese doctors who are every bit as well educated as our own. Medical missions have done much in the way of recommending our Western systems of medicine and surgery to the Japanese. A native physician who had seen a medical mis- sionary perform an operation was so struck by it, that he went home, and sent away his three pupils, telling them : — ' I have decided to learn European medi- cine, and you must do the same.' But to recommend Western science is not the chief end of medical missions, nor even to cure suffering bodies. What they want most to do is to bring sick souls to the Good Physician for healing. And in Japan, as everywhere else where this work has been carried on, this blessing has been given. In Niigata once, a very interesting thing happened. There was a native doctor who came to study eye diseases under the medical mission- ary. He had been already interested in Christianity through a book written by another medical missionary. Dr. Dudgeon, of Medicine and Medical Missions. 95 Pekin. And now as, day by day, he heard the addresses which were given to the sick, they sank down into his heart ; and it was not very long- before he decided that he him- self would become a servant of Christ. A BUDDHIST TEMPLE GATE IN JAPAN. CHAPTER VII. OTHER MISSION WORK IN JAPAN. [iME would fail to tell you of the hun- dreds and thousands of the people of this land who, through one means or an- other during the last thirty years, have turned from dumb idols to serve the living and true 96 Other Mission Work in Japan. 97 God. It is very cheering to hear them tell in their own touching words what Jesus is to their souls. ' I cannot tell it in this foolish Japanese tongue,' said one of the first converts one day to a missionary friend ; 'and I don't believe I could tell it if I had your tongue, nor if I had an angel's tongue ; but one poor heart,' put- ting his hand over his own heart, ' can feel it all.' Another convert, a woman, came to a mis- sionary lady, and laying down her pipe on the table, she said, — * I give up this, my last idol, for Christ' There was an old woman in Japan who did not hear of Christianity till she was more than eighty. When taught the ' Jesus doctrine,' she thought within herself, — * My soul was longing for something, and now I know what it was, — it was Jesus. " Oh, come to my heart. Lord Jesus ; There is room in my heart for Thee." ' And Jesus * came in unto her, and made His abode with her.' No wonder then that 98 Other Mission Work in Japan. she was now so bright and cheerful, that the missionary lady quite enjoyed coming to see her. For a year before she died she was con- fined to bed, and how do you think she spent her time ? Let us hear what she said one day. * When I lie here alone, hour after hour, I am so happy as I think of the great love of the God of all heaven and earth for a poor old woman like me, that I keep saying constantly, " O God, I thank Thee." ' Another old lady, nearly ninety, was one day seen peeping through a missionary's gate- way. ' Come in,' said the missionary ; and in she came, and stayed for an hour. Next Sunday she came again, and stayed all day, going with the missionary family to the ser- vices ; and at night she said, — ' I have lived all my life under God's shadow, and did not know it.' The school-work is perhaps more cheer- ing than anything else. Some years ago a Japanese gentleman said, — Other Mission Work in Japan. 99 'There is not a woman in Japan who is fit to become a wife to any intelhgent man.' But it is not so now. A very high-class education is o-iven in the mission schools for girls, and many of the scholars have left to become teachers, or wives of native ministers. Two at least have been sent over to America to study medicine. The Western teaching, for which every man, woman, and child now is growing eager, is carried on in the schools in other ways than by books. There is at the present time a rage in the country for wearing European clothes, the Mikado's wife having expressed her wish that the ladies should do so; and the missionary teachers have added dressmaking to the list of the school studies. They teach cooking, too. A cookery class was opened lately in Kobe, and within a few days a hun- dred and twenty students had joined it ! The Japanese, seeing these things, are beginning to say, — 'The future of Japan lies with the mis- sionaries.' lOO Other Mission Work in Japan. They feel, you see, that the Japan of the future must be what its women make it. In the midst of all these studies, no oppor- tunity is lost of bringing the mission pupils under Christian influences ; and the ladies at the Yokohama school write word that every single girl who has stayed with them for any length of time, and who has obtained a good English education while under their care, has also gained, before leaving school, the best of all knowledge. You know what that is — to ' know Christ.' And it seems else- where to be much the same. These scholars become, in their turn, mis- sionaries to their friends at home. At a meeting in Japan, where a number of Christian girls were gathered together, the subject was, * How to glorify Christ by our lives.' One of the girls said, — ' It seems to me like this. One spring my mother got some flower seeds — little, ugly, black things — and planted them ; they grew up and blossomed beautifully. One day a neighbour, comin^ in and seeino^ these flowers, said, — Other Mission Work in Japan, loi * " Oh, how beautiful ! I must have some, too ! Won't you please give me some seeds ? " ' Now, if this neighbour had only just seen the flower seeds, she wouldn't have called for them ; 'twas only when she saw how beauti- ful was the blossom that she wanted the seed. ' And so with Christianity. When we speak to our friends of the truths of the Bible, they seem to them hard and uninteresting, and they say, — ' " We don't care to hear about these things ; they are not so interesting as our own stories." * But when they see these same truths blossoming out in our lives into kindly words and good acts, then they say, — ' " How beautiful these lives ! What makes them different from other lives } " ' When they hear that 'tis the Jesus-teach- ing, then they say, — ' " We must have it, too." * And thus, by our lives more than by our tongues, we can preach Christ to our un- believing friends.' J02 Other Mission Work in Japan. But the living for Christ amongst heathen relatives is not always an easy matter. A Christian girl went home for a time from school. When she sat down for her first meal, and stopped a moment to pray silently for a blessing, she was at once asked, — ' Why don't you eat, O Tetsu ? ' And this was a signal for all the family to laugh at her and tease her, until she could not even think a prayer. Her father's house was very small, not larger than a good-sized room, and, try all she could, she could not find a chance to pray when she dressed in the morning. So she thought of this plan. When she washed her face, she took a long time in wiping it, and prayed under the cover of the towel. So much was she persecuted that she determined at last to adopt a very favourite plan of both the Japanese and Chinese for escaping from annoyance, and she started off one day from home, with the intention of committing suicide. But all at once it struck her : — Other Mission Work in Japan. 103 ' I am not my own. I have given myself, body and soul, to Jesus, and I have no right to drown and destroy that which belongs to Him.' So back she came again ; and the last I know of her is that she had returned to school, but that she was still feeling very sad about her visit home. Do not you think that we might sometimes pray for O Tetsu, and for girls like her ? I have told you of the saki, or intoxicating rice beer which the Japanese take. It is used especially on festive occasions, and it is a regular part of their wedding ceremony that the bride and bridegroom and their nearest relatives shall drink several cups of it. There were two girls who had become Christians, and who had given up taking sakL A wedding was at hand, at which they would have to be present, and their parents were so distressed at the idea of their daughters behaving differently from every one else that they begged them to drink sake ' ]M'=>\. for this once.' I04 Other Mission Work in Japan. ' We will do everything that is right,' said the girls, ' but we cannot promise to do any- thing that is wrong.' ' But you might at least lift the cup to your lips, so that those present might think you were drinking it.' ' No ; that would be acting a lie, which we cannot do.' ' Although the Christians do not usually drink sakd, yet at such a time as a wedding they would probably do so. It may be that you are stricter than is needful. Suppose you go to the Christians, and ask them whether, at your sister's wedding, you may not drink it ? ' So the orirls went to other native Christians, who wondered at their courage in venturing thus to break through the custom of ages, but encouraged them to stand firm. * You must, however,' they said, * be care- ful to please your parents in everything that your conscience permits.' And then one of these wise friends came over to the father, and talked to him so sensibly and pleasantly about the matter, that Other Mission Work in Japan. 105 at last he quite gave way, and explained to the guests on the day of the wedding that, his daughters being Christians, he had excused them from drinking saki. The boys can stand up for Jesus as well as the girls. A little fellow of fourteen, a Sun- day scholar, who in the absence of his father represented his family at a funeral, was called upon to worship his ancestors. But he said boldly,— ' I can't do it ; for I don't worship anybody but the true God.' You would love the wee toddles of Japan. At the Yokohama school, of which I was telling you just now, there is a lady named Mrs. Viele, who takes care of the smaller children. Here are some stories which she wrote home to America about them. ' One dear little one has come to me whom we call " Our Baby," as she is only six years old. She is sweet and bright — quite a little sun ray in the house. I call her Jessie. She is Eurasian [half-caste], and wears the foreign \ix. English] dress. I have eight little ones who come to my room every io6 Other Misswn Work in Japan. night to say their evening prayers and get a good-night kiss. It is a happy set of children kneeHng around my lap, and with reverent tone saying together, " Now I lay me." Sometimes we sing a little evening hymn, or I tell them a story or read one ; though they always want me to tell it. When I say I do not know one to-night, they all ask me to " please make one out of my think." * A little child four years old was brought to me a few weeks ago — such a dear little one she is — her mother dead, and she can- not speak a word of English ; but she is so anxious to learn, and so affectionate. She follows me about and kisses my hand. One day, when she had fallen and hurt herself, I was comforting her, and she ran to a little mate, and said through her tears : "Mrs. Viele is just like my mother." ' This was, of course, said by her in Japanese. Some of the tiny children of Japan have been most useful little missionaries. One, only about four years of age, gave a Otkei^ Mission Work in Japan. 107 very good lesson one day to a priest at Tokio. Her father is a minister, and she goes to a Sunday school, so both at home and from her teacher she has been taught to worship only the true God. One pleasant afternoon she went to a temple near by to see a show. In this temple is kept a very large image, which is worshipped as a god. It has such a fierce face that you would be shocked, were you to see it. Until within a few years, mothers and grandmothers used to threaten children by saying, — ' If you tell a wrong story, Yemma (the name of this image) will pull out your tongue.' When this little girl was walking about the temple with many other children, a priest came out and said to them, — ' Children, if you don't behave yourselves, this Yemma will pull out your tongues.' To this the pastor's child answered eagerly,— ' He is only a made image ; he can't pull out any tongue.' io8 Other Mission Work in Japan. I don't know what the priest said, but I think he must have felt rather ashamed of his ' wrong story.' There was once a Japanese who was sent to preach in a large town where a few per- sons knew a little about Christ. He had a little girl, not three and a half years old, who got very fond of a woman who lived next door, and was continually running in to see her. One day when she went in, she said in her pretty Japanese child- language, — ' I want to preach you a little sermon. There are only three parts to it. ' There is only one God. * You mustn't tell a lie. ' You ought to go to hear my father preach.' * It takes a clever man to preach a short sermon,' say the Japanese. Now, as they have more than eight million idols, and as lying is one of their greatest sins, this little preacher's short sermon could not possibly have been more to the point than it was ; and her friend was so pleased with it, that Other Mission Work i^n Japan. 109 she began at once to follow the advice in the third part. And the missionary who tells this story believes that every member of that woman's family are Christians at the present time. And now one more story, which shall be about a child missionary. A little girl in Japan heard of the foreign teachers, and of the school which one of these ladies had started. ' May I go and learn to read, father ? Some of my playmates are in the school,' she said. At first he was ready to reply ' No,' very gruffly ; but one glance at the eager face of his little motherless child made him say in- stead, — ' Yes ; but you must promise never to tell here at home any of the foolish doctrines you will hear from those foreigners.' Off went the little maiden, and a most attentive student she proved. She rubbed her ink so vigorously, and tried so hard to make the characters, that sometimes she went home with hands well daubed and a smudge no Other Mission Work in Japan. on cheek and nose ; but grandma was blind, and did not see it ; and when father came home, he would laugh and send her to the basin of hollowed stone, on a quaint old stump outside the back verandah, over which hung from the limb of a tree a blue towel in a swinging bamboo rack. After a while she began to learn about Jesus, and to sing of Him. Her heart got full and running over. Oh, if she could only tell dear, blind grandma about this One who died for her ! But she could not, for she had promised. ' What is that you are singing, Jewel ? ' said the grandmother, one day. * Some one loves you, and will stay close beside you ? Who is it ? What do you mean ? ' ' I cannot talk about it, grandma, because I promised father ; but it is not wrong to sing, is it ? ' So the * Jesus loves me ' was sung again. Then the father's command was partly re- moved, and she was allowed to repeat what she learned in the new book, and the contents of several chapters of the Bible Other Mission Work in Japan. 1 1 1 were told over every evening to the in- terested old lady. Need I tell you, dear children, that the little girl is now a member of the Church of Christ in Yokohama, that because of that singing for Jesus her blind grandmother is so also, and that the father sometimes goes with his daughter to the preaching service. May it not be said of little ones such as those of whom I have been telling you, — ' Of such is the kingdom of heaven ? ' Work has been done, and progress has been made amongst the men, as well as the women and children of Japan. There is a training college at Kioto for theological stu- dents, of which Joseph Nishima, of whom I told you on page 48, is the head. There are many native pastors. Buddhism is falling. A church with a cross at the top now stands on the very spot where a cross was once laid down on the ground for suspected Christians to trample upon. And there is even a talk of making Christianity the (nominal) religion of the country. 1 1 2 Other Missio?t Work in Japan. A great many good books are being printed and sold to the Japanese. At the head of these stands the Bible, and only a year or two since the Pilgrim s Progress was published with pictures not at all like those in your own copies, but drawn by Japanese artists. Two or three of these pictures are given here for you to see. The Japanese understand their meaning much better, and the book much more easily, than they would if the pictures were English. Missionaries tell us that the people of Japan are getting to be just as fond of Bunyan's wonderful book as the people of England are. We may thank God for all these things. But, that you may know how to pray as well as to give thanks for Japan, I think I ought to tell you something about the present diffi- culties of missionary work there. The Japanese, you must know, dearly love their country. They are eager to see her in the front rank of the nations of the world. And she has made rapid strides in the last thirty years. * If we go away for one year,' say those MR. WORLDLY WISEMAN. [From the Japanese Pilgrim' s Progress.) 113 Other Mission Work in Japan. 115 who live there, ' it takes us three weeks on our return to find out where we are.' Roman letters are being adopted instead of the four thousand Chinese characters which the Japanese student has always had to learn ; railroad and telegraph lines have been laid down ; fleets of steamers have been built ; two thousand newspapers are pub- lished ; and a hundred other changes have taken place in New Japan. But while the Japanese are careful to make progress in worldly things, they too often forget that ' one thing is needful.' They are anxious for our civilization, but are often too busy getting that to have a thought for the Christianity from which it springs. They gather the flower, but they leave the root behind. * Did you study the subject of religion whilst you were away ? ' a lady asked a young man who had been working at science for some years in America. ' I had not time,' he said, ' to study that which has no practical bearing.' This indifference about Christianity is too 1 1 6 Otliej" Mission Work in Japan. often the fault of so-called Christians them- selves. ' You cannot imagine,' writes a mis- sionary, ' how every good and bad influence is telling upon present Japan.' Yes ; our lives, our books, are all noted and quoted ; and the unchristian conduct of many who call themselves by the name of Christ is a constant stumbling-block to the natives, and a constant difficulty to the missionaries of the country. Fancy the Japanese Government making English gentlemen sign an agreement that they will not get drunk while in the service of the Mikado ! Does not that show what the conduct of the ' foreigners ' must too often have been ? Even we at home may be hindering the work of the missionaries. Japanese students come back from Europe and from America, saying, — ' You need not believe in Christianity ; the Christians do not believe in it them- selves.' Ah, Jesus has reason to say now, as in the days of old, — *^.,,^,4z,_ .jj CHRISTIAN AND HOPEFUL IN THE EI.ATTEREK S NET. {From the Japanese. Pilgrim's Progress.) CIIRISTIAX AT THE WICKET-GATE. {From f he Japanese Pilgrim's Prooress.) «9 Other Mission Work in Japan. 121 ' I am wounded in the house of My friends.' A young Japanese once wrote an essay about this missionary difficulty, in which he said, — * A traitor is worse than an enemy, yet these nominal Christians are such. . . . Woe to the betrayers of their Master. If He should appear in the world at this time, He could scarcely recognise His own friends.' Here, then, is one way in which we can help missionary work. We can show by our lives, you and I, that Christ is a reality to us. ' But I know no heathen people,' you say, * to whom I could, do any good.' Perhaps not, but even if you cannot influ- ence the heathen directly, you may be able to do so indirectly. Influence is the stran- gest thing. It goes on and on for ever, spreading from one person to another, as the ripples widen out round the stone which you have just thrown into the water, until your eye can watch them no farther. 122 Other Mission Work in Japan. The first thing, then, is to love Christ our- selves. But love finds its way out in deeds, so what can we do ? Shall we go to the heathen themselves for a lesson ? Leading up to the town of Nikko are two splendid avenues, one fifty, the other thirty miles long. They are probably the grandest thing of the kind in the world, and are said to have been planted as an offer- ing to the dead Shoguns by a man who was too poor to place a bronze lantern at their shrines. No heathen worshipper comes empty- handed before his god. You remember my telling you of Kwannon, the goddess of mercy, in the temple of Asakusa, near Tokio, before whom the people spit out their prayers. Before her shrine is placed an immense coffer, with a slit in it, fourteen feet long and ten feet wide ; and into this chest money falls with a ceaseless clinking sound. And going into another temple, you will perhaps find that the floor is so covered with money which has been thrown down as an offering to the gods that, to save time and Other Mission Work in Japan. 123 trouble in gathering it up before carrying it away, the priest has to fetch a large broom to sweep it together. When the people of Japan become Chris- tians, they keep up their good habit of giving. During the year 1886 the native converts gave no less than £%Z11 ^o mission work, the average wages of many of them being only tenpence a day. Shall we be behind them in showing our gratitude for what Christ has done for us ? Shall we be less eager than they that others should share the blessings of His great salva- tion ? A short time ago I was talking to a young lady who was on the eve of going out as a missionary to India. ' My only regret,' she told me, * is that 1 feel I have left so many little things undone in the past for mission work which I feel I might have done.' ' But what kind of things do you mean ?' * Well, there are so many little ways in which I might have denied myself for its sake.' G 124 Other Missio7i Work in Japan. That was her one regret. Not that she had been called upon to give up so much for Christ's sake, but that she had done so little. • Oh, I am so happy ! There's nothing left to give up,' said another young lady, just after the decision had been made which led her to Japan as a missionary. It must be so with us all, no matter what point the ' giving up ' may touch in our lives. We shall be happy only when ' there's no- thing left to give up.' What is it that you are unwilling to give up ? Is it your money } Do you prefer spending it all on yourself and your friends to giving some part of it ' to the help of the Lord ' .'* Well, believe this : those who give most for the work of God find that the rest of their money has a special blessing on it, and seems to last, like the oil in the widow's cruse. ' There was a man, though some do count him mad, The more he gave away, the more he had. Or is it your time and energy ? Do you, Other Mission Work in Japan. 125 girls, prefer sitting still with a book over the fire, and dreaming of the beautiful, useful lives you will live in time to come, to helping your tired mothers with the work of the house or with the care of the little ones now ? Re- member the advice once given to a girl like yourselves : ' Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be clever ; Do lovely deeds, not dream them, all day long, And so make life, death, and that vast for-ever One grand sweet song.' Even cookery and making and mending clothes will become 'lovely deeds,' if done for Christ's sake. ' A servant with this clause Makes drudgery Divine. Who sweeps a room as for God's laws, Makes that and the action line.' And just think how awkward it would be for the lady missionaries who are now work- ing in Japan if they had not learned, when they were girls, to cook, to make their dresses and other articles of clothing, and to do a dozen other useful things ! 126 Other Mission Work in Japan. Do you go to the missionary working party to which you belong every time the meeting comes round, or only when you think that your special friends will be there, or when some particularly interesting book is being read, or when it is fine and you are feeling quite in the mood for it ? Well, just think how the missionaries only see their ' special friends,' their dear ones at home, about once in five or ten years, and how their work has to go on in spite of moods and of weather, and that even when it does not, on the spot, look particularly in- teresting. And remember, above all, that wherever work is being done for your Lord, there He Himself will be present. And then it will not seem so hard as before to give a little of your time and energy steadily to your meeting. At least, I hope not. Or is it your minds you are unwilling to give up to God ? Do you, boys, go off on your bicycles on a summer's evening, or to cricket or tennis, knowing that your to-mor- row's school work is insufificiently prepared .•* Are you content to be seventh, say, in your Other Mission Work in Japan. 127 class, when you know that God has given you abihties which, honestly used, would place you first or second on the list ? Will you try to remember that it is for His honour and glory that you should do well, and that ' To him that hath shall be given ' ? Yes, according to your faithfulness as a schoolboy will be your power of influence and usefulness as a man, — and as a mission- ary, should God call you to that highest 01 all work. Let us, then, dear boys and girls both, give up all — body, soul, and spirit — to Jesus and His service. So, and so only, may we hope to hasten the time when not only Japan, but all the nations of the earth shall become in truth The Land of the Rising Sun, — when 'the kingdoms of the world shall become the kingdoms of the Lord and of His Christ, and He shall reign for ever and ever.' * Who then is willinor to consecrate his 128 Other Mission Work in Japan. service this day unto the Lord ?' (i Chron. xxix. 5.) * The fields are all white, And the reapers are few; We children are willing, But what can we do To work for our Lord in His harvest? Our hands are so small, And our words are so weak, We cannot teach others ; How then shall we seek To work for our Lord in His harvest? We'll work by our prayers, By the pennies we bring, By small self-denials — The least little thing May work for our Lord in His harvest ! Until by-and-by, As the years pass at length. We too may be reapers, And go forth in strength To work for our Lord in His harvest ! * — Selected THE END. Kiitl'.'r ft Tanner. The Swlwood Printing Works, Frome. and London. ILLUSTRATED GIFT-BOOKS BY Mrs. O. F. WALTON AUTHOR OF 'A PEEP BEHIND THE SCENES* Published by THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY INCORPORATED 1 899 56 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON And Sold by aJl BookielUrt Books t>y Mrs. 0. F. Walbo^. SHADOWS. Scenes in the Life of an Old Arm-Chair. Illustrated. Imperial i6mo, cloth, gilt edges, 3s. 6d. 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Tales ^ y Mrs. 0. F. V alboi). NEMO; Or, The Wonderful Door. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2S. OLIVE'S STORY; Or, Life at Ravenscliffe. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2S. WINTER'S FOLLY. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2S. MY LITTLE CORNER. A Book for Cottage Homes. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, IS. 6d. MY MATES AND I. Illustrated. Crown Svo, cloth, is. 6d. LITTLE DOT. With Coloured Frontispiece. Cloth, 6d. ANGEL'S CHRISTMAS. Illustrated. Cloth, 6d. A SERVICE OF SONG Founded upon Mrs. Walton^s Story, CHRISTIE, THE KING'S SERVANT. The Musical Illustrations Adajjted and Composed by Rev. L, Meadows White, M.A. Old Notation. Paper wrapper, 6d. Tonic Sol-Fa Notation by J. P. Attwater, F.R.C.O. Paper wrapper, 4d. Fifty copies and upwards, half price, net. 'llie readings from Mrs. Walton's story are printed only in the Oi" Notation. From 'Christie, The King's Servant.' By Mrs. O. F. Walton. Mrs. 0. F. Valbop's SHILLING TALES. AUDREY; Or, Children of Light. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, is. CHRISTIE'S OLD ORGAN; Or, Home, Sweet Home. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, is. CHRISTIE, THE KING'S SERVANT. A Sequel to 'Christie's Old Organ.' Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, IS. LITTLE FAITH; Or, The Child of the Toy-Stall, Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, is. THE MYSTERIOUS HOUSE. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, is. NOBODY LOVES ME. Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth, is. OUR GRACIOUS QUEEN: Pictures and Stories from Her Majesty's Life. Freely Illustrated. Large crown 8vo, cloth, is. POPPIE'S PRESENTS. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, is. SAVED AT SEA. A Lighthouse Story. Illustrated. Cloth, is. TAKEN OR LEFT. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, is. CHEAP REPRINTS OF Mrs. 0. F. \\raIboi)'s Stories. CHRISTIE'S OLD ORGAN; Or, Home, Sweet Home. Imperial 8vo, paper cover, id. A PEEP BEHIND THE SCENES. Imperial 8vo, paper cover, 3d. Boots ty Hesta Shrebbor). From 'The Wonderful Life of Christ.' By Hesba Stretton. Ne-w Edition. Crown Svo, cloth boards, is. or without Illustrations, cloth, is. td. Tales ty Hesta Shrebbor). COBWEBS AND CABLES. Illustrated by Gordon Browne. Imperial i6mo, gilt edges, ss. CAROLA. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d. HALF-BROTHERS. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s. BEDE'S CHARITY. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, gilt edges, 2s. 6d. TWO-SHILLING TALES By Hesba Stretton. Each Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth boards IN THE HOLLOW OF HIS HAND. A Story of the Stundists. 2s. CHILDREN OF CLOVERLEY. 2S. ENOCH RODEN'S TRAINING. 2s. FERN'S HOLLOW. 2s. FISHERS OF DERBY HAVEN. 2s. PILGRIM STREET. 2s. A THORNY PATH. 2s. EIGHTEENPENNY TALES By Hesba Stretton. Each Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth boards. ALONE IN LONDON, is. 6d. CASSY. IS. 6d. THE CREW OF THE DOL- PHIN. IS. 6d. THE KING'S SERVANTS, is. 6d. LITTLE MEG'S CHILDREN, is. 6d, LOST GIP. IS. 6d. MAX KROMER. is. 6d. THE STORM OF LIFE. is. 6d. Hesta Sbrebhop's Tales, Each Illustrated, and bound in cloth. ONE SHILLING EACH. JESSICA'S FIRST PRAYER, is. TWO SECRETS and A MAN OF HIS WORD. IS. NO PLACE LIKE HOME. is. UNDER THE OLD ROOF. is. NINEPENCE EACH. FRIENDS TILL DEATH, gd. A NIGHT AND DAY. gd- A MISERABLE CHRISTMAS AND A HAPPY NEW YEAR. gd. SIXPENCE EACH. ONLY A DOG. 6d. SAM FRANKLYN'S SAVINGS BANK. 6d. THE WORTH OF A BABY. 6d. HOW APPLE-TREE COURT WAS WON. 6d. THE CHRISTMAS CHILD. 6d. LEFT ALONE. 6d. MICHEL LORIO'S CROSS. 6d TALBOT BAINES REED'S STORIES FOR BOYS Each Illustrated. Each large crown 8uo. Illustrated. ADVENTURES OF A THREE- GUINEA WATCH. 3s. 6d. THE FIFTH FORM AT ST. DOMINIC'S. 3s. 6d. MY FRIEND SMITH. 3s. 6d. TOM, DICK, AND HARRY. 3s. 6d. MASTER OF THE SHELL. 3s. 6d. THE COCK HOUSE AT FELLS- GARTH. 3s. 6d. Bound in attractive cloth. PARKHURST SKETCHES, and other Stories. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. A DOG WITH A BAD NAME. Illustrated. Large crown 8vo, gilt edges, 5s. A BOOK OF SHORT STORIES. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. REGINALD CRUDEN. A Tale 01 City Life. Illustrated. Crown Svo, 5s. Tales tv Amy Le F cuvre A PUZZLING PAIR. Fine Edition. With many Illustrations. Imperial i6mo, decorated boardsi 3s. 6d. ; Cheaper Edition, Illustrated, cloth, zs. ODD. Fine Edition, With many Illustrations. Imperial i6mo, decorated boards, 3s. 6d. ; Cheaper Edition, crown 8vo, Illustrated, 2s. ON THE EDGE OF A MOOR. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, gilt back, 3s. THE CARVED CUPBOARD. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth boards, 2s. 6d. LEGEND LED. Illustrated. Cloth, 2s. DWELL DEEP; Or, Hilda Thorn's Life Story. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth boards, as. A THOUGHTLESS SEVEN. Illustrated. Fjap. quarto, cloth boards, is. 6d. BULBS AND BLOSSOMS. Fcap. quarto, infancy Coloured Cover, is. 6d. BUNNY'S FRIENDS. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. cloth boards, is. ' PROBABLE SONS.' Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth boards, is. ERIC'S GOOD NEWS. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth boards, is. TEDDY'S BUTTON. Illustrated. Crown Svo, cloth boards, is. Services of Soi)^ Founded on the Popular Stories by AMY LE FEUVRE. ' PROBABLE SONS.' Music by J. P. Attwater, F.R.C.O. Old Notation, 6d. Tonic Sol-fa (without readings), 4d. Fifty copies and upwards, half-price net. Words only of the Hymns, 3s. car loa TEDDY'S BUTTON. Musicby Rev. L. Meadows White, M.A. Old Nota- tion, 6d. Tonic - Solfa (without readings), 4d. Fifty copies and upwards, half-price net. Words only of the Hymns, 3s. per 100. ^1^9 University of California SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 305 De Neve Drive - Parking Lot 17 • Box 951388 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90095-1388 Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed. UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY AA 000 800 475 Bllliliiliilii^iliiiy