'ir^mmrnmi- UimM 't:^<:'mi^f^mm'^ '^A:>'^.r,'\A'-OA Jr "mmfm- ^^^'^HW¥''€ Sii^. ■mimf^'^ IaUALTaIi ^rr.'^~s':r^f^, - A/^»A^■^'. ;^"::'^^^;:^cmaa^^ ^j^MyMhA^^ Jj- PUy/T^ rtAhAr FAwUaTaC /WW#t^^^^^^' m. ■^V'.irvj^wv Wr^rA^^f^r^A' nt" SftKii^o., i!^i»^s»?^^^ r!:rv:r.^2^y^^0yi^^^' ISm^ISIMM ; -?s::AA; ^^'^H?^g?^.;5^.Q,S^^A;;^^). ^,^/^-'^-|,AA,A'^'*^•A'^ ffr^^ ^z?^" ^^^' Arv^Si ^^^^-->cr::M^^53?^ffl!^^#^ -^/\^,'^.^/^/^/^ -M '^;;^::;n^' ciomwasA; (^.'^.'^.'^.•'^A/^' mf^, «ffruu£^MuiB^3uu ;nA^^'^'^'^nnnnnnAA V»0«««'>.K^y?r- ''^"^,^/^«R?»^ "^1^^' U 1' K \ :m!^^^' ^a^a^^^ao^^^' „aMAW^, ■^''%«f!8Sf ^i*iAA,f -':.^coA^o' ^Sfl'^HlJS^OA, ■a5hx;,'aW:aa'' ^WRRp^c^gS^ 'S^C fCfjASJOAftW^^^rtrt,^ ^m^mmmm^'^^''^i^^^^N^^mf^ ^X»^'-:;^oAJia5iassgS3«SSJ;;3;S ■-vr\.^." r>^ ^n^OA'::«^»^Sfl«:^;^;^xr^>A^' ^'^r.^^^^A^^'^■AO^A:'^/ ffiiB^AliONifiuKX A'^:^^"''^.^W.^^ ~^/^^^^ 'f^.f^/^^fSf\f\^f>,f^r\fS ^^^ftfln«rfi5?^?^SSa?R#?€ A,,A^A^^r'. WAnTiA^i ;AA^'A'^yAAA^>r^'^'^''' ", ^'A?A2'3A«/^-^^. «OAa*A. ^» .* ^ ^^^/y^"^ y \ THE HISTORY OF PUDSEY. o-,o^__ A TRIP TO FRANCF AND SWITZERLAMD. Post 8vo, loo pp. 1864 Pitman. DO. DO. DO. 2nd Edition Demy 8vo, 80 pp. 1865 Smith <5p* Son. A YORKSHIREMAN'S TRIP TO ROME. Post 8vo, 200 pp. 1866 Longmans. DO. Do, DO. 2nd Edition. Post 8vo, 200 pp. 186S Do. RAMBLES ABOUT MORLEY. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, 200 pp. 1866 J. R. Smith. HISTORY OF MORLEY. Illustrated. Demy 8vo, 300 pp. 1876 Longmans. OLD YORKSHIRE. Vol. i. Illustrated. Demy 8vo, 330 pp. 1881 Do. Do. DO. Vol 2. Illustrated. Demy 8vo, 330 pp. i88i Do. DO. DO- Vol. 3. Illustrated. Demy 8vo, 330 pp. 1882 Do. Do. DO. Vol. 4. Illustrated. Demy 8vo, 340 pp. 1883 Do. DO. DO. Vol. 5. Illustrated. Demy 8vo, 360 pp. 1884 Do. Also in Demy 4to. OLD YORKSHIRE, complete in Five Volumes. All the above-named Works are out of print. MORLEY: ANCIENT AND MODERN, Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 340 pp. 1886. Price 7s. 6d Longmans. „ 4to. „ ,, *, I2S. 6d... Do. WILLIAM SMITH, Osborne House, MORLEY, nr. Leeds. THE BIRTHPLACE OF CHARLOTTE BRONTE. By WiLLIAM SCRUTON. Very chastely printed, in royal 32mo, with two Etchings by the Author. Post free 6d. Address— Mr. \V. Sckuton, West Bowling, Bradford. THE HISTORY & ANTIQUITIES OF PUDSEY. BY SIMEON RAYNER. Edited hy WILLIAM SMITH, F.S.A.S., AUTHOR OF " MORLEY : ANCIENT AND MODERN " ; EDITOR Or "OI.D YORKSHIRE.' LONGMANS, GREEN, AND Co., 1887. LEEDS : PRINTED BY GOODALI. AND SUDDICK, COOKRIDGE STREET. To collect the scattered memorials of bygone times, and present them to his fellow-townsmen in a connected and readable form, was the life-long desire and sincerest wish of the author of the following pages. In preparing this work, con- taining an epitome of nearly all that relates to Pudsey and its neighbourhood, he spared no pains to obtain the best and most accurate information, and carefully consulted many manuscripts hitherto unpublished. As to the fitness of Mr. Rayner for the work of the his- torian, no one who had the pleasure of his acquaintance, can for one moment doubt, that he was eminently fitted to be the chronicler of his native town. He had spent every spare moment in the acquisition of genealogical, historical, and topo- graphical facts, and whether they came under his notice in written papers or in conversation, he carefully noted them, and systematically stored them away for future use. The desire to be accurate was with him a passion, and all who came in con- tact with him could not but admire his industry and care as a genealogical and topographical collector. Sii740609 vi. -PREFACE. For more than a quarter of a century, Mr. Rayner had been accumulating fact upon fact, and there are, probably, not many families in Pudsey, save recent importations, of whom he had not a more or less complete account. The parish registers received careful transcription from his pen, and he knew well the genealogical value of wills and deeds. For years past he was the oracle to whom all inquirers into Pudsey history resorted. Antiquarian students in neighbouring towns per- petually made use of his kindly advice and counsel, and those who were thus benefited gave him some return in kind, and thus matters came into his possession that would not have been entrusted to one less discreet. Although the author, at the time of his death, had written out the greater part of his work, he had left the modern history of the place comparatively untouched, and it must therefore be understood by the reader that the chapters dealing with the modern development of the town, and the sketches of worthies, living and dead, have, in the main, been written by the Editor, who is anxious that Mr. Rayner should not be held responsible for another person's views or opinions. The chapters dealing with the social condition and manu- factures of Pudsey have been purposely abbreviated, these features having been already fully described in an excellent work lately published by Mr. Joseph Lawson, entitled " Progress in Pudsey during the last Sixty Years." The opportune appearance of this work has enabled me to devote the space at my disposal in the present volume to matters of greater anti- quarian interest. I am anxious to express my acknowledgments for all the help rendered to me in the preparation of this work, for without such assistance I should hav^e been unable to present many interesting facts and pleasing illustrations to the reader. My especial thanks are due to Mr. Samuel Margerison, of Cal- verley, for his careful supervision of the chapter on the Early PREFACE Vll. Civil History of Pudsey, and for other valuable communica- tions ; to Mr. W. Wheater, for his notes on place-names ; to Mr. J. T. Beer, F.S.A.S., for the very complete and satisfactory manner in which he has woven together the interesting facts connected with the history of the Moravian Establishment at Fulneck ; and to the following gentlemen I am also indebted for many valuable suggestions : — The Rev. R. V. Taylor, B.A., Messrs. John Boyes, Joseph Town, Stephen Kirkwood, Geo. Haynes, and others. For the gift or loan of engravings and other illustrations, I am indebted to Messrs. Walter Crawshaw, of Batley ; William Scruton, of Bowling ; J. W, Knight, of Bradford ; " E. M. C"; J. Horsfall Turner, of Idle ; the Bradford Antiquarian Society ; John Cliff, F.G.S. ; W. Andrews, of Hull, and Mr. Pritchett, of Darlington. It is a matter of sincere regret, that the Author was not spared to see his work through the press, as I feel satisfied that, had such been the case, a much more valuable book would have come into the possession of the reader, but in under- taking the work of Editor, at the express wish of my deceased friend, I have striven to carry out my task in the manner which I think would have been most congenial to his feelings and desires. W. S. Osborne House, MoRLEY, near Leeds, Jiine, 1887. ^ p 1 ^^^ 2ncmoir. The biography of a man, who by force of perseverance, industry, and integrity, raises himself from the most humble surroundings, to occupy an honourable position amongst his fellow men, should be a stimulant to all thoughtful minds ; and when, as in the case of the subject of our sketch, time is found (amidst the struggle for existence in the fierce competition of business life) not only for self-improvement, but for the cultivation of literature, and the discharge of important social and public duties, the story should be an encouragement to young men entering life, as showing to them that work is noble, and that any position, however humble, may be turned to wise and profitable uses. Simeon Rayner was a self-made man, and, for whatever attainments of a literary character he possessed, he was indebted to his own plodding industry, and careful cultivation of the reflective powers, and, above all, to the stern self-reliance of his early life. He was no child of fortune, nor was he favoured with even an ordinary education, but when he came of an age to understand the importance of knowledge, he became a diligent and earnest student of many branches of learning, including archaeology, topography, and kindred subjects. Mr. Rayner was born at Greenside, Pudsey, in 1832, and was the son of Joshua and Esther Rayner, his father at that time, being engaged in the " listing " trade, an article extensively used in the woollen manu- facture. The only school to which young Rayner was sent, was taught X. MEMOIR. by a man named Samuel Dufton, the School being "kept" in the cottage tenanted by the schoolmaster. The boy left this training ground when nine years of age, and the rest of his education was received at the classes of the Mechanics' Institution, of which he was one of the originators. While still a young man, he entered heartily into every movement for the welfare of his fellow townsmen, more especially for the young men of the village. He was throughout his whole life, an earnest advocate of education for the young. During his long connection with the Mechanics' Institution, he had several times filled the various offices of government and trust in connection therewith, and had on many occasions represented the Institute at the annual meetings of the Yorkshire Union of Mechanics' Institutions. Mr. Rayner was for several years a member of the Pudsey School Board, being vice-chairman at his death. He was also one of the founders of the Pudsey Literary Union, and a firm supporter of the Pudsey Choral Union, being a vice-president for many years. In religion, Mr. Rayner was a Congregationalist, and was a member and trustee of the Congregational Church. In politics, he was a firm and consistent Liberal, with the courage of his convictions, but did not needlessly and offensively obtrude his political views upon others. He was a member of the Council of the Liberal Association. It was mainly, however, on subjects of local history and archaeology that Mr. Rayner was most enthusiastic, for he was an ardent antiquary, and most assiduous in his researches as to ihe past history of his native town. A local journal sums up his literary career as follows : — " He was a member — and, we believe, one of the founders— of the Bradford Historical and Antiquarian Society, and a member of the Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Association. Particularly did any matter in the history of his native town interest Mr. Rayner, and he delivered lectures at various times before local and other audiences, on the antiquities of the district. He also contributed papers to the societies named, both papers and lectures bearing evidences of deep and pains- taking research, and very accurate and sound views and conclusions. His collection of local memcraHlia is by far the most complete known in the district. In the fine arts, too, Mr. Rayner displayed considerable MEMOIR. xi. taste, and could himself sketch passably well. But it was chiefly in literary matters that Mr. Rayner excelled, and here his patience, industry, and perseverance, together with his practical, common sense view of things, rather than brilliancy in either writing or speaking, earned for him a good deal of success, and endeared him to a wide circle of litterateurs and friends." Mr. Rayner was a regular contributor to Notes and Queries, the Leeds Mercury Weekly Supplement, and also furnished many valuable articles and poems to The Yorkshire Magazine, Smith's Old York- shire, Cudworth's Round about Bradford, The Yorkshire/nan, Coufitry Words of the West Hiding, Bradford Antiquary, Hull Miscellany, and other journals. For more than a quarter of a century he was the resident correspondent for the Leeds Mercury and Bradford Observer, and a regular contributor to the local journals. In June, 1886, Mr. Rayner was seized with a fatal illness, and not- withstanding all the care and attention, and best medical skill obtainable,- he succumbed on the 25th day of August, to the serious internal malady which afflicted him. The Yorkshireman, in a notice of his death, said : — " If testimony were required of how wide-spread was the esteem in which a worthy, but unostentatious man was held, by those who had the privilege of his acquaintance, it was furnished at the funeral obsequies of Mr. Rayner on Saturday last. Church and Chapel men closed their places of business, and joined with Whigs and Tories, in the funeral cortege, in which they found ministers and laymen, representatives of literary and philanthropic societies, and others, who felt that a void had been created in the sacred corner of their affections. Simeon Rayner was not a brilliant man in any respect. His chief virtues lay in his persevering industry in the study of archseology ; his devotedness to his native town ; his fidelity to mankind. His character was written on his face — in fact, he was a fine specimen of a Yorkshireman. This tribute was accorded him at the funeral, by the Rev. Robert Collyer, D. D., of New York, a personal friend, and no mean judge of character." Dr. Collyer, in the address here alluded to, referred in feeling terms to his long and intimate friendship with Mr. Rayner, and bore witness to the equable, cheerful, kindly, and intelligent nature of the deceased. In the opening of his address, the rev. gentleman recited the following XU. MEMOIR. beautiful lines by the Rev. George Dawson, as being good and true to the time and to the deceased : — The saints of God are holy men, And women good, and children dear; All those who ever loved the Lord, And lived in faith and fear. They are not all together now, For some are dead and gone before. And some are striving still on earth. Their trial is not o'er. Great numbers are they of all states, And bom in every place and land. Who never saw each other's face Or touched each other's hand. But they are all made one in Christ, They love each other tenderly, The old and young, and rich and poor, In that great company. And there shall come a glorious day. When all these good saints, every one. Shall meet within our Father's home And stand about Ilis throne. In concluding this brief notice of our friend, we can truly say that he was beloved by all who knew him, for his kind and genial disposition. His amiability and modesty were equal to his knowledge, and his literary characteristics were appreciated by all who were of kindred tastes. His cheery words and frank and open countenance are now but a pleasant memory. He died comparatively a young man, but it might be said of him, as it has been written of a friend of his, " He lived his fifty four years, and not merely existed. His mind was essentially an active one and was ever busy. He was a good man, and did his duty unostenta- tiously, but effectively, in that state of life in which it had pleased God to call him." Mr. Rayner left a widow and two daughters. * The Editor. EARLY CIVIL HISTORY ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY POLITICAL HISTORY ETYMOLOGIES ... EXTENT, FEATURES, AND POPULATION LOCAL GOVERNMENT BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES BIBLIOGRAPHY FOLK-LORE AND SUPERSTITIONS LOCAL CUSTOMS AND AMUSEMENTS SOCIAL CONDITION AND HABITS LITERARY AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ... MANUFACTURES FULNECK APPENDICES GENERAL INDEX LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Page I 44 114 I3» 13& 140 157 177 185. 192 20Z 218 22S^ 278- 293- 30s STEEL ENGRAVINGS. I.— Portrait of the Author ... II.— Portrait of Robert Salter, Esq. III.— Portrait OF W. D. Scales, Esq. (^First Chairman of the Pudsey Local Board.) IV. — Portrait of William Huggan, Esq. ... (Councillor of the Borough of Leeds.') v.— Portrait of Richard Womerslf.y, Esq. (First Chairman of the Pudsey Burial Board. ) VI. — Portrait of James Banks, Esq. ... ... ... VII.— Portrait of George Hinings, Esq. ... (First Chairman of the Pudsey School Board.) VIII.— Portrait of E. Sewell, Esq., M.A To face Title page. To face page i 152 .. .., 167 >. 171 .1 ,. 207 » „ 220 >> )> 257 PHOTOGRAPHS. I. — Portrait of Rev. R. B. Thompson ... ( Vicar of St. Lawrence Church, Pudsey. ) II.— Nesbit Hall ... ... ... {The residence of John Clif, Esq., F.R.Hist. Society.) III. —Grove House ( The residence of W. D. Scales, Esq. ) To face page 74 205 209 ILLUSTRATIONS. XV. WOOD ENGRAVINGS. Moravian Establishment, Fulneck ... .. ... ...Title Page. Facsimile OF Domesday Book ... ... ... ... ... 6 Bolton Church, Craven ... ... ... ... ... 14 Brass OF Henry PuDSEY .. ... ... ... ... ... 16 Arms of Pudsey of Bolton ... ... .. ... ... 17 Groat OF Richard II. ... ... ... ... ... ... 33 Old Manor-house ... ... ... ... ... ... 42 All Saints' Chapel .. ... .. ... ... ... 45 The Old Parsonage ... ... ... ... ... ... 47 All Saints' Chapel ... ... ... .. ... ... 48 Facsimile of Handwriting by Elkanah Wales... ... ... 49 St. Lawrence Church ... ... ... ... ... ... 67 Portrait OF Rev. David Jenkins ... ... ... ... 74 St. Paul's Church... ... ... ... ... ... ... 76 Old Independent Chapel ... ... ... ... ... 78 Old House at Pudsey ... ... ... ... ... ... 80 Facsimile OF Rev. E. Berry's Register... ... ... ... 86 Portrait of Rev. William Colefax .. ... ... ... 92 Facsimile Autographs of Congregational Ministers .. ... 94 Portrait OF Rev. John Atkinson ... ... ... ... ... 95 Congregational Church ... ... ... ... ... 96 Portrait of Rev. Joseph Sutcliffe, M.A.... ... ... ... 100 Portrait of Mr. John Shaw ... ... ... ... ... 106 Pudsey Big Pudding ... ... ... ... ... .. 124 Pudsey from Railway Station. Bramley ... ... ... 137 Facsimile Autographs of Towns' Officials ... ... ... 142 The Village Stocks .. ... ... ... ... ... 144 Facsimile Autographs of Towns' Officials ... ... ... 148 Portrait OF P. A. Strickland, Esq. ... ... ... ... 172 KiRKSTALL Abbey ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 184 Football in Pudsey, 1887 ... .. ... ... ... 196 XVI. ILLUSTRATIONS. Cricket IN PuDSEY, 1887 ... ... ... ... ... ... 197 The Ducking Stool ... ... ... ... ... ... 199 Riding THE Stang ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2co Portrait OF John Farrer, Esq., J. P. ... ... ... ... 208 Co-operative Stores ... ... ... ... ... ... 214 Mechanics' Institution ... ... ... ... ... 224 Fulneck ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 234 The Terrace, Fulneck ... ... ... .. ... 235 The Girls' Playground ... ... ... ... ... ... 237 Fulneck iROM TONG Hill ... ... ... ... ... 238 The Middle Walk ... ... ... ... ... ... 242 Portrait OF Benjamin La Trobe ... ... ... ... 253 In THE Woods ... .. ... ... ... ... 262 Portrait OF Rev. G. Clemens ... ... ... ... ... 273 Portrait of James Montgomery ... ... ... .. ... 276 THE HISTORY OF PUDSEY. EARLY CIVIL HISTORY. T has become common, in some parts of our country, to see on the sites of what were formerly obscure villages and hamlets, considerable towns, whose trading con- nections are in touch with every part of the civilized world. Although we cannot claim as much as can be done for many, for the town whose history forms the subject of this volume, yet it is not very long since it was a place of far less importance than it now is. It has outgrown the neighbouring villages, and in industrial matters has got far a-head of its mother-town, Calverley. And besides its increased population and commercial prosperity, it has lately had conferred upon it the dignity of being made the centre of, and giving the name to, a polling district of the Eastern Division of the West Riding. Pudsey is a township in the parish of Calverley, in the diocese of Ripon, the archdeaconry of Craven, and the rural deanery of Bradford. For civil purposes, it is in the wapentake of Morley, the petty sessional division of Bradford, and the North Bierley Poor Law Union. Pudsey proper contains 1,903 acres, and the hamlet of Tyersal 642 acres ; total, 2,545 acres. 2 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Its highest elevations above the level of the sea are, 625 feet, which is attained at Owlcotes Hill, and at the Heights, Green- top ; whilst its lowest is only 200 feet, — at Hough End. The centre of the township is four miles from Bradford and six from Leeds, both of which boroughs it adjoins ; the former on the western side, and the latter on the eastern, whilst on its southern boundary is the lordship of Tong, and on its northern, the town- ship of Calverley-with-Farsley. Its situation, more precisely, is about S3°45' north latitude, and i°34'30" west longitude. Hitherto the history of Pudsey has been passed over in a few lines, both by local and general historians, but that it has a history worth recording we shall endeavour to show in the following pages. Certainly it has no pre-historic memorials upon which we can dilate, no Druidical or ancient British tumuli to examine, no finds of flint, stone, or bronze implements upon which to speculate, no Roman roads, and little in the way of Roman or British remains to describe. The only memorials found in this neighbourhood, relating to these periods are an ancient British jar or urn, and some Roman coins. The jar was found in a stone quarry at Hough End, just outside our town- ship, in December, 1879, and was filled with calcined bones. Unfortunately, it was broken into fragments. It was placed on a dish-shaped hollow, some two or three feet deep, with charcoal and burnt earth, as usual. My friend, Mr. John Holmes, of Roundhay, from whom I received these particulars, had a sketch of the vessel in his museum. No doubt the urn contained the remains of a Briton, who, one of a party hunting or wandering gipsy-like through the district, and only having a temporary abode here, died, and was thus disposed of The Roman coins were found under circumstances detailed in the Anmial Register for 1775, p. loi, as follows : — As one Benjamin Scholfield, of Pudsey, was clearing away some rubbish from a place on Pudsey Common, called King Alfred's Camp, adjoining to an old cave, he accidentally found the thigh-bone of a horse, in the cavity of which were upwards of one hundred Roman silver coins, many of them of prior date to Julius Caesar. Pudsey and the neighbourhood seem to have been about the centre of the little kingdom of Elmete, which maintained its independence for upwards of 200 years— long after the other petty kingdoms had been subdued by the Saxons. Its boundary stretched from Sherburn in the east to Keighley and Halifax in the west, from the Wharfe in the north to the Calder in the south. The royal residences existed at Barwick-in-Elmete and Oswinthorpc, near Leeds. One of the kings of Elmete was named Henric, who was poisoned, and it was governed by one THE SAXONS AND THE DANES. ^■ named Cereticus (supposed to have been a Briton, possibly himself the poisoner), and in 6i6 Edwin, uncle to Henric, conquered the territory, and added it to Deira, a neighbouring kingdom, after it had maintained its independence for 200 years. This district was the last to come under the dominion of a foreign yoke, and the inhabitants possessed the forms of early Christianity before Augustine came over from Rome. Bede tells us that there remained, surrounded by the desert of Saxon Pagan- ism, a little kingdom called Elmete, which, despite the most furious efforts of the Pagans, defied their military prowess, and preserved the literature, arts, and, above all, the Christian doctrines left to the British Aborigines by their former con- querors ; so it comes to be historically authenticated and universally admitted that the light of the gospel once lit upon the soil was never quenched, and that Elmete maintained and openly practised its Christianity during Britain's second period of Paganism.* Then it was this little kingdom of Deira (a name expressing its wild condition), of which this district formed a part, during the 450 years when the Saxons reigned and ruled as with a rod of iron, fought many bloody battles, and filled the cup of British misery to the brim. The Danes also appeared upon the scene, inflicting most shocking brutalities upon the helpless inhabitants who fell into their power. They were in this immediate neighbourhood, and had a camp and fortifications at Giant's Hill, near Armley ; the whole of this district being over- run by their troops. Both the Saxon and the Dane left their impress on the neighbourhood, in the many names borne by the hills and valleys, the streams, fields, and towns; but more of this anon. We come, in the eleventh century, to the oldest known record in which this township of Pudsey is mentioned, and we learn that in the reign of King Pldward the Confessor (1041- 1066) the land, estimated at about 800 acres, more or less, was owned by two powerful Saxon thanes, or noblemen, Dunstan and Stainulf, and that the rateable value was forty shillings, a considerable sum in those days. Leeds was only rated at six pounds, Calverley and Parsley at 20s., Bramley 40s., Armley 20s., Tong 20s., Bradford four pounds, Morley 40s., Horsforth 30s., and Rawden los. The value of money at the above-named period has been variously estimated at from 15 times to 100 times as much as its present value. Between 30 and 40 times as * From a paper by John Jamks, historian of Bradford, read before the British Archaeological Society at Leeds, Oct., 1863 ; afterwards published in their joixrnal, and re-published in vol. li.of Mav- n/^l.\'^ Annals oj Vorkshiref pp. 124-128. 4 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. much will most probably be much nearer the value of the money, when we learn that labourers could be had for id. a-day, and other things in similar proportion. Before the Norman Conquest in 1066, Dunstan held lands also at Gomersall, Drighlington, Cleckheaton, Morley, Temple-Newsome, Swillington, Tadcaster, and Batley, and in York he had a house. All these manors, and his house, were by fortune of war lost to him : confiscated, and given to others by William the Conqueror. Who was Dunstan, who was thus cruelly robbed of his all? Mr. HUTCHINSON, in his Memoir of Elk. Wales, M.A., of Pudsey, says that this " Dun- stan was Archbishop of York"; but this is a mistake, as there has not been one of the name of Dunstan, Archbishop of York. In the year 1002 there was a Wulstan archbishop ; in 1023, Afric Pullock ; in 1050, Kinsius ; and in 1060, Aldred, who was arch- bishop when the Norman Conqueror came in 1066. It appears that the Norman follower of the Conqueror, Ilbert de Laci, to whom all the manors just named were given, allowed Dunstan to have half a hide of land at Golcar, near Huddersfield. Dunstan held of Ilbert de Laci lands in Gudlagesarc. [Guthlac's Scar, now Golcar.] It is remarkable that only one of his name occurs in the Domesday Survey as a landowner in the reign of King Edward, for all the entries evidently relate to one person, and it is not improbable that he was the same who only managed to obtain the devasted half-hide of land* at Gol- car, which had been Leninc's, by the clemency of Ilbert, to whom had been given his former manors in Swillington, New- some, Morley, Pudsey, Drighlington, Gomersal, [Cleck] Heaton, and Batley, William de Perci had acquired Dunstan's manor in Tadcaster, and a house in York. His land in Howne, which some say is inland, others in the soke of Wakefield, was re- tained in the king's hands. The men of the wapentakes of Barkston and Skyrack say that Dunstan had not Turchil's land in Tadcaster, in the time of King Edward, as had been asserted. t As Dunstan, son of Athelneth, he is mentioned by Florence of Worcester as one of the Northumbrian thanes who entered York to avenge the murder of Gospatrick, on the Monday after Michaelmas, 1065, and so powerful was this movement against Earl Tostig, that with the assistance of Earl Edwin, they pro- cured his outlawry and banishment. X • A hide of land generally contained about too to 120 acres. t Claims, fo. 373 b. J T/ic Yorkshire ArclKzological and Topographical 'journal, vol. v., p. 297. THE NORMAN CONQUEST. 5 That Dunstan was a most eminent man seems certain. It had been said that The virtues and vices of the eleventh century, in their most striking forin and most conspicuous position, cannot be more adequately represented than by Dunstan, Canute, and Edward. It was a period of aspiring ecclesiastics and of savage rulers — tinctured with some rudiments of the arts of war and government, where 1hose who escaped atrocious crimes were too ignorant and base not to embrace superstition in- stead of religion. Dunstan was a zealous and perhaps useful reformer of religious instruction, of commanding abilities, of a haughty, stern, and turbulent nature, with- out more personal ambition, perhaps, than is usually blended with public principle ; and who, if he were proved guilty of some pious frauds, might not unreasonably pray that a part of the burden of such guilt might be transferred from him to his age.* The other Saxon proprietor was Stainulf, who had pos- sessions also in Tong, Wyke, Batley, Bierley, Seacroft, and in the parish of Rothwell, where he had a hall, according to Domesday Book, page 142 of Bawdwen's translation. These two Saxon thanes lost all their possessions. For what ? For their patriotism ; for standing up to defend their hearths and homes against the ruthless Norman invader ! Their estates were all seized, confiscated, and given to Ilbert de Laci, one of the favoured followers of the Conqueror, and afterwards the mighty Baron of Pontefract. The farms and buildings were all destroyed, the humble tenants either fled or were cruelly put to death by the swords of the savage Norman soldiers. It is said that the Conqueror assembled his forces, and, stimulating them with the prospect of a rich booty, marched against the rebels in the north, and mowed them down like grass. He ordered the whole of the north of England to be laid waste, the houses to be reduced to ashes, the cattle to be seized and driven away, and nothing to be spared. More than one hundred thousand persons were thus destroyed by sword and famine. Thus vil- lages were depopulated ; the most fertile regions were laid waste ; fire and slaughter made desolate the face of the land. Ancient and honourable families were reduced to beggary ; the nobles were everywhere treated with ignominy and contempt, and they had the mortification of seeing their castles and manors possessed by Normans of the meanest birth and lowest stations. The Conqueror, having thus subdued the country, ordered that a survey of all the lands in the kingdom should be made, and for that purpose appointed commissioners, who registered the name and particulars of each district, whether meadow, or pasture, or arid, or arable land, with the nature of the tenure, value, and name of the proprietor, as well as the names of the former owners. In some of the entries the number of tenants, cottagers, and slaves are also given. The survey took six years • Mackintosh's History of England, vol. i., p. 68. ■6 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. to compile, 1080 to 1086, and the original is carefully preserved in the Public Record Office, Chancery Lane, London. The record of Pudsey is as follows : — _ to 7 7 m In Podechesaie, Dunstan 7 Stainulf Ir. br. VIII. Car. tre ad gld. ubi. iiii. Car. poss. ee. Ilbt ht nc. Sz wast, e T.R. E. uni. XL. Sol. Silua past dim ^ _ 7 lev. Ig — 7 dim lat. The following is a translation ; — II Manors. In Podechesaie [Pudsey] Dimstan and Stainulf had eight caru- ■cates of land to be taxed, where there may be four ploughs. Ilbert now has it, but it is w.aste. Value in King Edward's time, forty shillings. Wood pasture half-a-mile long and half broad.* We here learn then that this township had suffered severely in the devastation which had swept over the north of England, and that the whole cultivated lands here had been laid waste. -m p^-f CO T^gtf. Not a single inhabitant is mentioned ; neither a thane, bordar, sokeman, nor even a poor villane. Such, however, as the place was, it had been given to Ilbert de Laci, one of the most favoured amongst the followers of William the Conqueror. For his loyal .service to his master he received from him nearly 200 manors, bcrewicks, and sokes, 1 50 manors being in the West Riding, and .so far did his estates extend, that it is said he could ride on horse- back for three days continuously and see nothing but his own lands. If this township fared so badly at this period, let us also look a moment at the Domesday Record as regards our immediate neighbours. In Calverlei and Ferselleia, Archill had three carucates of land to be taxed, and there may be two ploughs. Ilbert has it, and it is waste. Value in King Edward's time, twenty shillings. Wood pasture half-a-niile long and half broad. • Bawdwkn's TraHslation of Domesday Sook,p. 141. DOMESDAY BOOK. J In Brameleia Archil had four carucates of land to be taxed, and there may be two ploughs there. Ilbert now has it, and it is waste. Wood pasture half-a-mile long and half broad. Value in King Edward's time, forty shillings. Land of Gospatrick. In Brameleia two carucates of land to be taxed. Land one plough. In fuinc [Tong] Stainulf had four carucates of land to be taxed where there may be two ploughs. Ilbert has it. and it is waste. Value in King Edward's time, twenty shillings. Wood pasture half-mile long and half broad. And so wherever we turn in this neighbourhood it is the same sad story almost invariably — " waste," " waste," and that " Ilbert has it." Ilbert de Laci, who was created Baron of Pon- tefract in the year 1070, built there a strong castle, and lived like a petty king. It is also said that he had other smaller castles at Leeds, Bradford, etc., and fortified manor houses in his territory to enable him to maintain his hold upon the exten- sive estates which had been wrung from the former owners and given to him, who now held his estates in capite, that is, direct from the head — the king. He then gave or sublet some of his manors to others of his favourite friends to be held in fee simple — to render him service when he required it, as he was to render service to the king when required. So the land being thus settled upon Normans, who, as is the custom in their country, took upon themselves surnames from the names of the places of their several settlements, and the better to distinguish them, etc., as de Pudsey, de Calverley, de Bradford, etc. It was thus that we obtained many of the- names in existence even at the present day. Into the origin and history of the ancient Pudsey family I will shortly proceed to examine. In my inquiries into this subject, and turning to the pages of Thoresby, in his Diicatus Leodiensis ; to Whitaker, in his History of Craven ; to FORSTER, in his Pedigrees of Yorkshire Families, I find that all are blank, all are dumb as to the origin or commencement of the family, as they each commence the pedigree with the name of Simon Pudsey, who had married Katherine, the daughter and rich heiress of John Bolton, Lord of Bolton, near Gisburn, in Craven, in the reign of Edward. But none of them tell from whence he came. In the last edition of Whitaker'.S Craven, edited by MORANT, we have " Simon Pudsey, of Barford," but this was a mere assumption, without one tittle of proof.* Dr. Whitaker, in his first edition of Craven, in noticing one branch of the family, who resided at Settle, says : The family of Pudsey, I have no doubt, was originally Norman. Where they resided before their acquisition of Settle in the time of Stephen, I know not, any more than when they parted with it. ^ In fact, the .Manor of Hereford wa.<J not obtained by the Pudseys until the third generation after him, viz., by his grandson, Sir Henry de Pudsey, Knt., who obtained it by marriage. 8 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. A communication of inquiry on this subject was sent in i85i,to the then Hving representative of the family, and he, Pudsey Dawson, Esq., of Hornby Castle, in a letter dated February loth, 1851, wrote on this subject as follows : — I have some ancient deeds now before me, and a draft of a pedigree sent imto liolton Hall, in 1750, five descents higher than Simon Pudsey, wherein we are called " Pudsey of Pudsey, Bolton, and Barforth, in the ("ounty of York." The above draft was taken from a register belonging to Kirkstall Abbey, now in the hands of Sir "Walter Blackett, Bart. The names in this pedigree would undoubtedly be the same as those given in HOPKINSON'S MSS., copied by, and known as the Wilson MSS., in the Leeds Old Library. This pedigree has not generally been considered quite satis- factory, though the names arc of those who had undoubtedly given lands to Kirkstall Abbey, and as liberal benefactors to that monas- tery we shall notice them in the proper place. The best pedigree, and the one most likely to be correct, as far as it goes, is the one ■compiled and published by General Plantagenet Harrison.* Upon inquiry as to his authorities for the particulars of the statements contained in his pedigree of this family of Pudsey, he wrote me that " the Pudsey pedigree was compiled principally from the Pleas Rolls,' adding that he had not time then to look up references amongst his MSS., but that if he could serve me he would with pleasure. In a second letter to him I stated that at the same period of time we had statements in numerous charters of the Scotts or Calverleys being " Lords of Pudsey," as well as the Pudseys being " Lords of Pudsey," and asked, v/ith his vast experience in these subjects, " How were these two statements to be reconciled ?" He replied that, "if he remembered rightly, there were two or three manors in Pudsey, and that after a certain marriage mentioned in the pedigree, the Calverley family had the whole of the Manor of Pudsey." Now this idea had occurred to me before, that there were probably two manors in Pudsey, as there were at the time of the Domesday Survey, Thus a difficulty, which had presented itself both to me and to others, I believe to be quite satisfactorily explainable. Many of the names which are given in the account of the family by General Harrison I have met with in numerous charters relating to the Calverleys. I shall now proceed to give the pedigree of the FAMILY OF PUDSEY. Pagan de Pudsey, Lord of Pudsey, held eight carucates of land belonging to the King's geld of Robert de Lacy in the time of Kings William, Rufus, and Henry I. [1087-1135.] * History of Yorkshire^ vol. i. 11879), GiUing West. THE PUDSEY FAMILY. 9 He had two sons, Geoffrey de Pudsey, who was Lord of Pudsey, and Hugh de Pudsey, who was the famous Bishop of Durham. Geoffrey, son of Pagan, paid 62s. 6d. Danegeld i Hen. H. [11 54.] He married Agnes, daughter and heir of Robert de Tireshall, Lord of Tireshall, co. York. [This marriage would most probably be the cause of the hamlet of Tireshall being part of the township of Pudsey.] He went into the Holy Land with Richard I. In 5 John he gave, conjointly with Agnes his wife,, the third part of two bovates of land and two messuages with the appurtenances in Tireshall, to Richard de Tange, to hold to him and his heirs forever of them, the said Geoffrey and Agnes and their heirs, at the yearly rent of fourpence, and died the same year.* Hugh, who became Bishop of Durham, being consecrated bishop by the Pope himself at Rome, Dec. 30, 1153, was bishop above 40 years. He purchased the earldom of Northumberland, together with the lordship of Sedberge ; and he gave 1,000 mark.s for the office of Lord Chief Justice of England at the same time (1189). He was the founder of Sherburne Hospital, in the county of Durham. He died 3rd March, 1 193-4. Geoffrey had two sons, his heir being Henry DE Pudsey, Lord of Pudsey, who was nephew and heir to Hugh de Pudsey, Bishop of Durham, 6 John. This Geoffrey, son of Pagan, was undoubtedly of Pudsey (S.R.), and Roger de Pudsey, of Tireshall, who levied a fine of lands there, 3 Hen. HI. [12 19.] He married Agnes d. and h. of Lambert de Ringlawe [or perhaps Tinglawe]. They had two sons, Peiteum and Lambert.t Peiteum de Pudsey had a son named Walter de Pudsey, who married Emmc de la Schon, and his grandfather and grandmother, Roger de Pudsey and Agnes his wife, as the right of the said Agnes, gave lands in Pudsey to him, 3 Hen. HI. ^ In the oldest Pipe Roll, said to belotig to the 31 Hen. I. or the 5th Stephen, but more probably to i Hen. II., Bertram Bulmer, .Sheriff of Yorkshire, renders account of the great vassals of F^arl Stephen of Britaiiy, viz. : — Various names follow, with the amounts of their respective pay- ments. Then continuing — And in pardon by the King's writ, the Ear! of Britany, 22 marks in silver, of his lesser vassals ; Kalph. the son of Ribald, 5 marks in silver ; the Archbishop of York Gamel He Hochesworda, 20s ; Chetelle, the son of Sueini, i mark in -ilver ; ,'Vlan de Moncelle, 70s. ; the Earl of Waren.io;; Origrim de Frismareis. 40s. In demesne, Roger de Moubrai. /^4 and 15s. of his drengrs ; Wi b^m, the son of kanulph, 40s. ; the Prior of St Oswald, 62s. ; Bernard de HailocI, ^6 15s. (Jf the v-as-sals of Blida, 2 marks in silver ; Robert de Bruis, 4 marks in silver ; Gaufrey, the son of Pagin. 6s. 8d. Total. £s4 15s. 8d. ; and £1$ and 2od. is owing. Plant. Harrison's History of Vot/cshire, vol. i.. pp. 12 and 13. t I find he had two other .sons. In Add. C/mrter^ No. 16.590 it is stated that Gilbert, son of Roger de Pudegesaia, quits to John de Bradforth a grange [barn] and land in Pudegesaia, and land ,ii feet in the 1 ;ngth and width of the grange, towards the north, for 19s. of silver given me in hand, 'rhe witnesse-- being W ill hcot, Hen. Scot. .Sim de Fersele. Robt.. son of Geoffrey, Roger de Farnley» John, son of GeoUrey, Hugh de VVolhal, William ihe clerk, and others. [Time of Hen. III.] B2 lO HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Lambert de Pudsey, the brother of Roger, had a son, .Simon de Pudsey, to whom his grandfather and grandmother, the aforesaid Roger and Agnes, gave lands in Pudsey, 3 Hen. IIL, the same time his cousin Walter received his lands also. Turning back to Henry de Pudsey, Lord of Pudsey, who had four sons — I William, 2 Roger, 3 Elias, 4 John. William de Pudsey, son of Henry, was Lord of Pudsey. In 52 Hen. HI. [1268], he took a writ of consanguinity against Jordan de Wodehall touching two bovats of land with the appurtenances in Pudsey, but did not appear to prosecute the same, having died in that year. This Jordan de Wodehall I find mentioned in several charters of this period. Hen. HI. Roger de Pudsey, the second son of Henry, had a son, William de Pudsey, who was a defendant in a plea of trespass, 21 Edw. I. [1293.] The names of these two persons I find in Add. Charters, 16,67$, in a writing in which William, son of Robert de Hecleshille, gives to Alice, daughter of William son of Roger de Pudgsay, a half bovate of land in Pugsay, to be paid an annual rent of 2 pence. Witnesses — ^Joh. de Scotico de Calverlay, Hug. de Wodehalle and others. [Temp. Edw. I.] This same William, son of Roger de Podesey, was one of the witnesses to a charter in which Eleana, daughter of Gilbert de Podesay, gives to John at the Well of Podesay part of a toft in Podesay lo ]ie held from the house of the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem in England. [Temp. Edw. I.] — Add. Charters, 16,677. Elias de Pudsey, the third son HENRY, had two sons, John and Peter. John, son of Elias de Pudsey, was a juryman at York, 21 Edw. I.* In a charter. No. 16,674, I find that John de Pudesay, miller, with the consent of Agnes his wife, conceded to John Marecullo and Margerie his wife, part of a messuage and toft and some land in Pudesay, at an annual rental of 4d. Witnesses, John Scott de Calverleye, Thos. de Horsforthe, and others. [Temp. Edw. I.] This John had a son, John de Pudsey, and in a charter. No. 16,680, I find the three mentioned thus : — John, son of John, the son of Elias de Poddesay, gave to John Scot de Calverley, his chief lord (capiliili domino), an annual rent or payment of 6d. in Podesay. The witnesses being Sir John de Thornhille, Sir Will, de Beston, knights, John 1 illey and others. [7««/). Edw. I.] With a Seal. This second John had a son called Hugh de Pudsey, who claimed against Robert, son of Jordan, son of Peter de Pudsey, * See Add. Charters, 16,727 and 16,749. THE PUDSEY FAMILY. II 24 acres of land in Pudsey, 13 Edw. III. Robert was half cousin of Hugh, their fathers being cousins. Peter de Pudsey, the other son of Elias, had a son, Jordan de Pudsey, and he had two sons, Robert son of Jordan de Pudsey, as stated above, 13 Edw. III., and John son of Jordan de Pudsey, 17 Edw. III. John de Pudsey, fourth son of Henry aforesaid, had William, son of John de Pudsey, 17 Edw. I., and he had John, son of William de Pudsey, 11 Edw. II. "William son of John de Pudesaye" was witness to a charter, No. 16,719. {^Temp. Edw. I.] Having thus noticed the four sons of Henry de Pudsey, and the descendants of three of them, I now return to the eldest son and heir, William de Pudsey, who had five sons : — 1st. Thomas de Pudsey, who was Lord of Pudsey. In 52 Hen. III. [1268] he was plaintiff in a fine touching lands in Pudsey, co. York ; claimed lands in Gluseburne in right of his wife ; was a man-at-arms in the Scottish wars [temp. Edw. I.] He married Emme, daughter and co-heir of Adam de Wraton, brother and heir of William, son of Thomas de Wraton, Lord of Wraton, co. York, and had issue, John and Simon. 2nd. John de Pudsey, who was murdered on the moor at Yew- cross, by some persons unknown ; and Wm. de Bradley, of Carleton-in-Craven, was attached, being present at the said murder, 7 Edw. I. [1279.] 3rd. Robert de Pudsey, Messer of Magna-Merley, shot William, son of Gibert de Penilton, in the town of Magna-Merley, with an arrow in the belly, and killed him, 20 Edw. I. [1302.] 4th. Dionysius de Pudsey, of Stynclingflet, had a son William, against whom, 8 Edw. II. [13 15], Nicholas de Fiskergate, of Styneclyngflet, claimed damages for unjustly dis-seising him of two messuages, one bovate of arable land, and two acres and a half of meadow, in Styneclyngflet, co. York. 5th. Simon de Pudsey, seised of lands in Pudsey, i Edw. I. [1272.] He was one of the witnesses to a deed of lands in Pudsey, given to Kirkstall Abbey by Walter Sampson, and in the tenure of Richard Pudsey, carpenter, date about 1280. He had "Robert son of Simon de Pudsey," who died 6 Edw. II., sub parentis (i.e. before his father). His widow Emma was living two years afterwards, viz. 8 Edw. II. I find the name of this Robert in one of the Add. Charters, B.M. No. 16,653, i" vvhich "John Touneslowcrd. 12 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. de Podesay gave to John Scot de Calverley a rent of 4s. in Podesay, the witnesses being John de Podesey, clcrico, John de Oulecotes, Robt. son of Simon de Podesey, and others." [Temp. Edw. I.] John de Pudsey, Lord of Pudsey, was plaintiff in a plea -of advowson, 20 Edw. I. [1292] ; defendant in a plea of land at the suit of Wm. de Clervaux, touching one messuage in York, 21 Pldw. I. ; was surety for Wm. son of William de Wodesome, in a plea touching lands in Pudsey, 7 Edw. II. [13 14] ; claimed lands in Glusburne, 2 Edw. III. [1329] ; died before 15 Edw. III. In many of the charters in the British Museum, to which I have before referred, there occurs the name of John de Pudsey, either as granting or quit-claiming lands, or as witness to some deed or other, but to which John it is not always easy to make out, because there were six of them who were living during the reigns of the three Edwards, viz., John, son of Henry ; John, son of Elias ; John, son of John ; John, son of William ; John, son of Jor- dan ; and John, son of William, who was murdered at Yewcross. The brother of JOHN, Lord of Pudsey, was SiMON DE Pudsey, Lord of Bolton-by-Bolland, near Skipton, in right of his wife, Kathcrine, daughter of Sir John de Bolton, knight, Lord of Bolton-by-Bollanc. Simon de Pudsey paid the subsidy at Bolton, 6 Edw. III. [1333.] He was plaintiff in a plea of land, conjointly with Katherine, his wife, and Christiana de Reming- ton, against William Barlagh and others, touching lands in Burton-in-Lonsdale, 7 Edw. III. ; was executor to the will of John de Pudsey, his brother before-mentioned, 15 Edw. III.; died 16 Edw. III. He was a great soldier and a knight in the Scottish and French wars of his time. From him the pedigree of the Pudsey family of Bolton commences, as printed in Thoresby's Diicatus Leodiensis, and also in Whitaker's History of Craven, but both of them are silent as to where he came from. I leave him and his descendants, as having no further connection with Pudsey, and return to the descendants of his elder brother JOHN, who had two children, Robert and Isabella. Robert de Pudsey was Lord of Pudsey, 20 Edw. III. [1347.] Isabella, his sister, was married to Richard, son of Philip de Clayton, who entailed his lands by fine at his marriage, 12 Edw. III., the marriage settlement being dated in that year. Robert had two sons, William and Robert. William, son of Robert de Pudsey, against whom, 42 Edw. III. [1369], John Judson, of Pudsey, claimed ;^20 damages, for THE PUDSEY FAMILY. I3 cutting down . his trees at Pudsey on Monday next after the feast of St. Crucis, 40 Edw. III. His brother, Robert de Pudsey, lived at York, and was plaintiff in a plea of debt, 33 Edw. III. ; and on Palm-Sunday that same year (1360), in returning alone from Walmgate, at York, to his own house in Fishergate, he tumbled into the ditch outside the bar of Fishergate, called Barredyke, and was drowned. He left two sons — John Pudsey, of York, colyer ; Will dated January 20th, 1442, leaving Agnes, a daughter and heir. He had a bastard son named Hugh Beverley. The other son of Robert was called Thomas Pudsey, of York, fishmonger. His wife was called Johanna, and she was executrix to her husband's Will, 15 Hen. VI. [1437.] Robert de Pudsey (who succeeded William aforesaid as Lord of Pudsey) married Agnes, daughter and heir of some- one of Thorpe Arch, co. York ; and he claimed, conjointly with Agnes, his wife, against Henry, son of John Mabelson, of Tok- with, one messuage and twenty-four acres of land in Thorpe Arches, aS the right of the said Agnes, 9 Rich. II. [1386]; claimed damages against Thomas Berill and Agnes, his wife, for waste and destruction in lands in Pudsey, which they held for the life-time of the said Agnes, 11 Rich. II., by the assignation of William Attewell, of Pudsey, who demised the same to the said Agnes. In 8 Hen. IV., the King gave him an annuity of ten marks out of the manor of Morton, co. Lincoln, which belonged to Thomas le Despenser. In II Hen. IV. he was one of the plaintiffs in a fine touching lands in Kinewalmerske, Ekyngton, and Barlborough, co. Derby , and released William de Lodyngton and his heirs the manor of Morton, co. Lincoln. He was one of the executors to the Will of Thomas Neville, Lord Furnivall. The Thomas Berill, here mentioned in 1388, I find also is mentioned in a charter in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, No. 280, as follows : — Thomas, son of John de Byrell, of Pudesay, remits and quit claims to John Scot of Newton, John de Roudon, and Sir Nicholas Adamson of Yeadon, chaplain, all rights in lands, tenements, etc., which were John de Byrell's, his father, in the village of Pudesay. Dated 30 January, 21 Rich. II. [1398.] With a Seal. The William Attewell referred to, I met with in many of the charters in the British Museum. I here give an extract from one as a specimen : — John, son of Wathey de Bagley, gives to William Attewell, of Podesey, and Beatrice, his wife, 2s. annual rent in Podesey. Witnesses : — Sir John de Calverley, Rob. le Rede of Podesey, and others. Given on the watch night of St. Martin, in the year 18 Edw. III. — Add. Char., 16,736. THE PUDSEY FAMILY. 1 5 There are also two William Attewells, sen. and jun., in the subsidy roll of 2 Rich. II. [1379.] Robert DE PudsEY had three brothers and one sister : — 1st. John Pudsey of Ungthorpe, against whom Johanna, who was the wife of Bernard dc Brocas, claimed 4s. rents in Elslake, 14 Henry IV. ; claimed lands in Misterton con- jointly with Alicia his wife, 8 Henry V. 2nd. Katherine, who was plaintiff in a plea of trespass, 9 Henry IV. 3rd. Richard de Pudsey, who paid the poll tax, 9 Rich. II. 4th. Thomas Pudsey, who paid the poll tax, both 2 Rich. II., and 9th Rich. II., as well as his wife Matilda, who was Jeft a widow, as her husband was killed, 12 Rich. II. [1389.] Robert de Pudsey had two sons, namely, Robert de Pudsey, Lord of Pudsey, who with Richard, his brother, were plaintiffs in a plea of debt against Roger de Pudsey of Bereford, 5 Hen. V. [141 8.] He had two sons, viz. : — Sir John de Pudsey, Knt., Lord of Pudsey, defendant in a plea of debt, 20 Edw. IV. [1481.] He had a daughter, who was his heir, and was married to Walter Calverley, Esq., and thus the manors became united, and held solely by the Calverley family. So says General HARRISON. His brother was Robert Pudsey, of Pudsey, who was seised of the third part of the manors of Hertlington, Kirkby Malghdale [Malham], Han- lyth, Hankeswyk, and Oulston, in right of his wife, Agnes, second daughter and co-heir of William de Hertlington, Lord of Hertlington, etc., 13 Edw. IV. She was a widow, 12 Hen. VII. [1497-] After leaving Pudsey, the members of this influential Yorkshire family took up their abode at Bolton, in Craven, where their fine old residence is still in existence. Whitaker, in his History of Craven, says : — Bolton Hall, the ancient residence of this ancient family (Piulsay), had beauties to attract the eyes even of Dodsworth, who seldom looked beyond a charter or a painted window. " It standeth," says that indefatigable antiquary, " very pleasantly, among sweet woods and fruitful hills. Here, within the compass of a moderate estate, the Pudsays enjoyed every distinction, feudal or ecclesiastic, which their age and country could bestow. * * * Here they sheltered their persecuted sovereigns ; and here, after the loyalty or dissipation of their forefathers had abridged their resources, the last amiable possessors enjoyed to extreme old age the blessings of retirement and religion." About half a mile north from the manor house are the village church and parsonage house of Bolton. About the church are many references to the Pudsey family. The coat-of-arms is to be seen over the entrance to the porch and on the font, and is i6 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. also carved on the bosses in the roof. The arms are also to be found quartered, first with those of the Dawsons, and then with those of the Littledales ; the first-named havin<j the motto of the Puds2y izxvWy Penser pen de toi (" Think little of thyself ") beneath. The combined arms of the Pudsey-Dawson-Little- dales are also to be seen in Bolton Church. They are of a BOLTON CHURCH, CRAVEN. 17 somewhat elaborate character, but the Pudsey shield, with chevron and three mullets, figures twice— a proof of preponder- ance. The date is 1835 ; at the base is a skull, and beneath is the motto—" O Lord in Thee have I trusted." The tombstones and brasses and monuments to the Pudsey family are numerous. On that of Henricus de Pudsey, who died in 1 509, was engraved Miserere met deus. Jhu merdi. There is also a stone engraved "Mr. Marmaduke Pudsey, d.28 day of March, 1650." "Bridget Pudsey, spinster, d. 29 Jany., 1770, aged 84." This, the last direct descendant of the Pudsey family, the name afterwards being com- bined with that of Dawson (a Mr. Dawson marrying a niece and heiress to Bridget Pudsey, and acquiring the family estate). Chris- topher Dawson (nephew above- named) d. 1786; and Anthony Littledale married Mary, daughter of Pudsey Dawson. But the most p .^ , p „ remarkable tombstone is that to rudsey of Bolton. t> i i r> , t . .. Ralph Pudsey. It is of grey marble, close to the altar, and is of very large dimensions. It bears the following inscription : — " Pettser peu de tot. Ys tomb of he Ralph Pudsey, ye faithful adherent of King Henry VI., whom he sheltered at Bolton Hall, 1463, was restored by his descendant and heir, Pudsey Dawson, of Hornby Castle, esq., a.d. 1857." This Ralph Pudsey had three wives, by whom he had twenty-five children — eight sons and seventeen daughters, eight each by two of his wives, and nine by the other. On the above- named tomb is carved in bas-relief the figures of the said Ralph Pudsey, his three wives, and the whole of his twenty-five children, forming one of the most remarkable tombstones in existence. There are several other beautiful monumental shrines in and about Bolton Church to the memory of the Pudsey-Daw- sons and Littledales ; but none of the family live there now. Mrs. Littledale(still living)the lastof the representatives, sold the family estates about thirty years ago to a Mr. Wright, who resides at Bol- ton Hall, a fine old castellated building. But Mrs. Littledale re- tained the right of presentation to the living at Bolton Church. I now proceed to notice other landholders and residents in Pudsey during the 1 2th and 13th centuries. I am, fortunately, D 1 8 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. enabled to do this from the calendar of a large number of valuable and interesting ancient charters, — part of the Calverley MSS., which were presented to the British Museum by Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, Bart, in July, 1866, and cata- logued ; Add. Chars., 16,580 to 17,292 ; and also from the Hemingway MSS., which seem to be "estrays" from the Calverley collection. In a charter of the I2th century we learn that Roger Scot, of Kalverlay, gave to Geoffrey, son of Peter de Ardington, and Mary, the sister of the said Roger, and heirs, one half carucate of land in Kalverlay, out of his demesne, in free marriage ; rendering thence two spurs of gilt annually. The witnesses were Will, de Lelay, Hugh and Robert, his sons, Will. Wart [qy. Ward ?], Ralph, son of Baldwin de Bramhop, Hugh de Swinlington, Serlo [Cyril] de Povilla, William, his son, Thomas de Tornetun, John his brother, Hugh Stapletun, Walter de Jeaddun [Yea- don], Jordan of the Royds. IVit/i a Seal. — Add. Char., 16,580. In another charter [temp. Hen. III.?] the same land men- tioned in the above deed is transferred to a Pudsey man by a descendant of the first-named recipient. Robert, son of Ralph de Arthington, gives to William Thuneslouerd, of Pude- kesaye, half a carucate of land in Kalverlaye, which by deed Roger Scot heretofore gave to Geoffrey, son of Peter de Arthington and Mary, sister of the said Roger, to hold of John Scot, lord of the fee, rendering to the said John one pair of gilt spurs annually. The witnesses were Jordan de Wodehall, Will, son of John, Will, son of Roger, Thomas [Simpson ? ] Will, de Wirkelay , Peter de Wirkelay, John Normandy, Hugh, son of Thomas Sampson, Gilbert de Ledes, clerk, and others. With a brokett Seal.— Add. Char., 16,583. This Roger Scot I find mentioned in Jennings' translations from Dodsworth (Harl. MS., ygj), as well as some other resi- dents in Pudsey at that time, as follows : — Know ye that I, Simon, son of Alex, de Pudkesay, have given to God and the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, of York, 3 oxgangs of land in Pudekesay. Know that I, Roger the Scot, of Kalverley. have granted, etc., to liod and the poore of the Hospital of St. Peter of York, etc., all that gift which Simon, the son of Alex, de Pudekeshey, my man, formerly made unto them, of the land of my Fee, to witt, one toft in Pudekeshey, where Davit le Estumer resided, and one essart, etc. Witnesses, etc. Savs dale. In the coucher-book of St. Leonard's Hospital, and St. Peter's of York, is also the following : — Henry Scott, of Pudekesay, gave to the Hospital of St. Peter of York, by charter, one essart in Pudkesey, with the wood and meadow of the said essart, which is called " Holmesgate-rod," by the bounds and witnesses. Sans date. This same [?] Simon, who was so generous to the poor, etc., I find mentioned in other charters : — William Scott, of Calu'l', gives to Simon, Serjeant of Pudegesay, lands in Pudege.say, which he held of Roger, father of the said William, at an annual rent of 4d. The witnesses were : — John de Thornhill, Sir John de Wridelsforth, Ralph de Beeston, Thomas Hede, Henry Scot, Robert de Wirkel, Robert de Boli'g [Boiling?], Roger de Thornetun, Ralph de Tilly, Nicholas de Erdislaue, William, the clerk, and others. — Ada. Char., i6,6oo. [This charter states that in Pudegesay 12 carucates of land make a knight's fee.] PUDSEY CHARTERS. 19 Richard, son of Robert 'de Tyersale,* gives to Robert, son of Simon the Ser- jeant, of Pudegesay, for los., all his land, with all the wood of that land, and with the meadow which lies in the South Ko-) ds, to wit, between the Bridge of Tyrsal and the land of Annabil in length, and between the arable land and the water-course of Tyrsal in width. Witnesses : — Sir William Scott, Henry Scott, Roger Alan, Stephen de PIcclesil, Jordan, son of William, Peter Alan, Roger de Farnelay, John, son of Geoffrey, Robert, son of Yodlan, William de Sai^a, John de Bradeforth, William d'Ulcotis, and many others. — Add. Char., 16,601. Robert, son of Simon de Birle gives to Robert, son of Simon the Serjeant, of Pugsay, two parts of one bovate in Pugsay, except all his royds and forelands, be- longing to the aforesaid two bovates. The half an acre in Jiorseitollrod and two acres in [.?«(/»«//^i>nV ? ] in the town of Pugsay. Rent I4d. Witnesses: — ^Jordan de Wodhal, John de Bradforde, William, son of John, Robert Paitevin, Elias de Ul- nistor, and others. — Hemin^wav MSS. Alexander de Barkeston gives to Ysabll, his daughter, that land in the territory of Pudekeysey, which lies between the Farenly Road and the land of John Walter- son, stretching towards the west, up to the land of Simon the Serjeant ; and five rods iir my essart of Pudekeysey, which lie between the land of John Barkeston width- wise, and which stretch between the land of Robert Jodlan-son and of Simon the Serjeant lengthwise ; and three roods that lie in Ricardesclif. Witnesses : — William Scot, of Calverley ; Henry Scot, of Pudekesey ; John of Berecroft ; Simon Walterson ; Jordan of Wodehalle ; Alexander of Berecroft ; Robert of Ferseley, and others. — Hetntngway MSS. This last deed is given in full, with a translation, and some interesting notes, by John Lister, Esq., in the Bradford Antiquary, vol. i., p. 216 ; as is also the next, which is from the same collection, and refers to part of the same land. Henry Scott, of Pudegesay, gives to God and the House of John the Baptist, and to the Brethren of the Hospital of Jerusalem, all the land that lies between the Farnelay road and the land of John Walter-son, extending towards the west, as far as the land of Simon the Serjeant. Witnesses : — William Scott ; Roger of Farnelay ; Richard of Tyrsale ; Peter Alan ; John Geoffrey-son ; John of Bradeforth ; Ellis Richardson ; Roger the Greave ; Robert Yodlan -son, and many others. Henry Scot, here mentioned, was witness to a deed relating to Horsforth and Kirkstall Abbey, signed " Henry Scot de Pudhesaiae," belonging to the period 1 222-1249. The Alans were also of Pudsey, and we shall again come across them as we proceed to notice these early charters. In Harl. MS., 797, I find that : — Robert Scot granted to the Hospital of St. Peter, of York, one toft of 3 perches of land, in Pudekesey, etc. Sans date. William Scot, of Kalverl', confirms to the Hospital of St. Peter, etc., all the tenements which they have of the gift of Simon de Estbum, in the territory of Pudekesey. Sans date. Ralph de Ferseley gives to the Hospital, etc , all the moiety of a rode of land in Pudesay. From other evidence we are enabled to fix the time when this Ralph de Ferseley lived, as, in a grant of the Manor of Allerton, near Leeds, by Simon de Allerton, to Kirkstall Abbey, • His daughter is mentioned in the Pudsey pedigree. 20 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. about 1 1 90, are the names of Ralph de Ferselay and Alex, de Kalverlay, as witnesses* A few years later, we find again, Ralph dc Ferselay, Nigel de Horseforth, and others, are among the witnesses to another gift of land to the same monastery, by one of the same family.f Again and again we have evidence of how generous these ancient fathers were to the cause of religion : — Simon de Ferseley, on the occasion of his marriage, gave to God and St. Mary, of Wodekirke, and the Canons of .St. Oswald, in that place, one acre of land in Tyrsale, with the buildings, which Hugh, son of Robert, held, and the essart, called Date-rode ; and Alice, daughter of Robert Scot, of Calverley, confirms this gift by charter. Witnesses : — Ric. de Tong, John de Tylly, John de Papelay, Richard his brother, Hen. de Thingelan, Simon son of Jordan, and Adam, the writer of this deed. \_Teinp. Hen. HI.?]— ^^/^. Char., 16,584. William, son of Thomas .Scott de Newton [Pottemewton] gives to Will, son of Roger Scott, of Caluirel', his right in a carucate of land in Berecroft, in Pudegesay, being an annual rent lOs., which Sir Robert de Stapilton paid me annually. Witnesses :— Sir John Lungevilers, Sir Ric. de Tong, Sir John de Wridelesforth, Sir John de Thornehil, Geoffrey de Arthi'gtu', Ralph his son. Hen. Scott, Roger Alan, Stephen de Ecclesil. lTemt>. Hen. \\W\—Add. Char., 16,585. Simon, son of Lambert de Tyrsale, gives to William Hare, a toft, etc., in the town and territory of Tyrsale, to pay from thence to the Hospital of St. John, 4d. annually. And William Hare has given to me for this donation, 17s. of silver. Witnesses;— Ric. de Tonge, Will. Scot, Sir Ralph Tilly, Hugh de Tyrsale, Robert de Wirkelay, John of the (ireen, of Tyrsale, John, son of Agnes de Pudekesay, and others-t With a Seal. [Teinf. Hen. llU]—Add. Char., 16,586. Hugh, the clerk, of Wodeall, gives to Roger, the son of Thomas the chaplain, land situate between the exit which goes towards Ze Merking and the croft of Robert, son of Gamel. rendering thence annually, for all service, 4d. Witnesses: — William Scot, Henry Scot, William the clerk, Robert the parson, Stephen Ecclsil', Roger Alan, Robert de Ecclsil', William, son of Ralph, Michael d' Ecclsil, and others. \Temp. Hen. UU]—Add. Char., 16,587. William, son of Bernard de Pudekesay, quit-claims to Alexander de Barkestun, for I4d. in silver, one perticate (rood) of land in the territory of Pudekesay, to wit, in Ricarded f. [Have we not here the origin of " Rickardshaw Lane ?"J Witnesses: Sir Will. Scot. Hen. Scot, Sim. de Fersley, Roger de Favell, Robert Jodlan-son, Roger, son of Gregory, and many others. {Temp. Hen. IH. ?] — Add. Char., 16,591. Adam, son of Astini [qy. Austin ?] lets to Alex, de Barkestun an essart lying lietween the essart of the monks and the essart of John de Barkestun, rendering thence annually id. Witnesses:— Will. Scot, Hen. Scott, Hugh, son of the same, Roger de Farnel', John, son of Geoffrey, Ale.x., his brother, John de Bradeforth, Will, de Vlecotis [Owlcotes], Roger, the Greave and Ellis de Vlinsthorp [Ulvisthorp]. \_Temp. Hen. \\\.'>\—Ad<t. Char., 16,593. Adam Scot quit-claims to Ellis, son of Ric. de Vlinsthorp, his right in Schires- rodc, for four marks, except the service of his chief lord, and 2d. per year. Witnesses:— Will. Scott, Will, de Ferselay, Robert the clerk, Robert, son of Jodlan, Roger de Farnel, Roger son of * * * Peter Alan, Ric. de Tirsale, and others — Add. Char., 16,595. Ellis, son of Walter de Frithebec, sells to Will. Alan, of Pudkesay, an annual rent from Hulvisthorpe, paying 2s. 6d. Witnesses :— Will. Scot de Calverley, Adam Scott, of Pudkesay, Philip de Fersley, John de Bradford Berecroft, * Whitaker, X«V. et Elm., p. 1*5. t Ibid, p. 126. X Capital letters used in this deed in the middle of words. PUDSEY CHARTERS. 21 William the clerk, and others. With a broken Seal. [Temp. Hen. III.?]— ^(/rf. Char., 16,596. Walter de Frithebec and Sigreda his wife, grant to Peter, son of William Alan, in marriage with Alice, daughter of the grantor, the moiety of all his land which was that of Gilbert Ulekotis, and the moiety of the rent of all that land. Witnesses : — Hugh de Sittlington, Thomas de Thornetun, Roger Scot, Adam the clerk, Robert the clerk, Henry Scot, Simon de Fersifeld, William, son of Hugh, Adam Samson, and others. — Utmingwty MSS. John Alan grants to William de Tirsale one essart in the fields of Podesay, ci\\e.& Hall K ode. Witnesses: — Roljert le Rede, John Attewelle, John de Will. Alayn, Simon Alan, Will Attewelle, and others Hemingway MSS. On the Monday after Easter, 2 Edw. [1309], Cecelia, formerly wife of Robert de la Wodehall, quit-claims to Walter, son of John de la Wodehall, all right, &c., in that essart called HaHerode, in Podeshay. Witnesses: — John Cliote [Eliote?], Hugh de la Wodehall, John his brother, Peter de Seleby, John Alayn, and others;. Given at Podeshay. — Hemingway MSS. In '333' Robert del Birkes and Isabel his wife grant " Hallrode " in the territory of Podeshay, to John ays. Witnesses : — John Scot, of Calverlay ; John Attewell, of Podeshay j Robert, son of John le Rede, of the same ; Jordan, son of Peter de Selby, of the same ; John de * * * and others. Given at Podeshay. . — Hemingway MSS. Gilbert, son of Walter de Tirsale, gives to Nicholas, son of Robert de Byrkench, after the death of his mother, for 3s., land in Tjnrsale, which lies between the land of Hugh, son of Hie. de Tyrsal, and the land of Ric. Walterson of the same. Witnesses : Ric de Tong, Will. Scot, of Kalverley, Adam Scot, Hugh de Tirsal, John de Brad- ford, John de Grave, of Pudekesey, Alexander, Adam the Grave, of Bradford, and others. [Temp. Hen. lU.^—Add. Char., 16,598. Robert, son of Jossam [qy. Jodlan], of Pudkesay, sells and confirms to William, son of Adam, of Pudkesay, the whole of the rent which Simon, son of Clariz and John Pie, used annually to pay him for certain lands in Pudkesay [circ. 1220-1230.] IVith a Seal. — Bodl. Lili. Char., No. 279. Adam Gamlon grants to the monks of Kirkstall the whole of his land which he had at the head of the land of the said monks in Pudekessay [circ. 1230-1240.] — Bodl. Lib. Char., 21. Peter Alan grants to Ric. his son, half a bovate of land in Ulinsthorpe, with the buildings planted thereon, and that to wit, which lies near [saH ?], and one toft between the toft of Ellis and the toft of William, son of Bernard ; and the moiety of that essart which is called the essart of Gilbert both of wood and meadow and arable land, paying gd. annually. Witnesses ; — Will. Scot, .Stephen de Fxclesil, Roger Alan, John de Bradforth, John de Berecroft, Jordan de Wodehalle, Will, de Ulecotes, and others. — Add. Char., 16,604. In another chapter [Temp. Hen. III.?] Robert, the son of Peter Alan, of Pudkesay, confirms to Richard, his brother, the possession of the above land at Ulvisthorpe, before the same witnesses. * * * * de Wodhall [Christian name omitted in original] grants to John Attwell, de Podd [sey] one toft in the town of Podd [sey] to be held of the Knights of .St. John. Witnesses: — ^John de Wodhall, Robert, son of Simon, Robert de Oulcotis, Simon his son, John Towneslouerde, and others. Sans date. — Hemingway MSS. John, son of Walter de la Bercroft, grants to William de Tyresale and his heirs, three perticates of land lying in the field of Podesay. Witnesses : — Thomas de Tyrsale, Robert le Rede, John de Gilbert Alayn, John Attwell, and others. — Hemingway MSS. Henry Scot, of Pudekesay, gives to Matilda his daughter, the service of Simon de la Green, in Calverley, for the salary of 20d., etc., out of which is to be returned a pair of white gloves. (Add. Chart., 16,632.) In another charter, Matilda, daughter of Henry Scot, of Pudekesay, quit-claims to William Scot, of Calverley, the rent to be due or collected from Simon de la Green, of Calverley. [Time of Hen. III.?] 22 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. In the following statement we have a peep into the domestic slavery ot that period, and see what an immense power the feudal lord had over his living chattels. We shall meet with other similar instances as we proceed. Henry Scot, of Puchegchesay, quit-claims to the Knights of the Temple of Solomon of Jerusalem, Elias, son of William, the son of Swayne, of Puchegchesay, with his following. T he witnesses being : — Will. Scot, of Calverley, and Richard de Tong. — Add. Char., 16,633. Having thus noticed, though somewhat briefly, the various charters relating to the time of Henry HI., we must now turn to the troublous times of the three Edwards, when the kingdom was continually disturbed by wars and rumours of wars. In the following translation from Kirkby's Inquest, written by John de Kirkby, in the reign of Edward I., 1284-5, ^nd published as written in Latin, by the Surtees Society, in 1867, and in the List of" Knight's Fees in Yorkshire," 31st Edward I. [1303], we meet with many of the same names as we have already seen in the charters noticed. Wapentake of Morley. In this Wapentake are 25J vills, or towns, which Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, held of the king in chief, viz. : — Fypelay [Shipley], Idell, Calverlay, Ferselay, Puduscey, Bramlay, Wirklay [Wortley], Hunslett, Bestone, Midylton, Morlay, Drithlington, .Suthouerton [Southowram], Farnelay, Tong, Hundesworth, Nort Vile [North Bierley], Batlay, Hecmundwyk, Gomersalle, Leversege, Myrfeld, ■Claketon [Cleckhcaton], Boiling, Elland, and part of Ardeslawe. The said Earl held of the king in chief 24J knight's fees in the honour of Ponte- fract ; to render service in the place in which the fees are, names not given in the aforesaid inquisition. 1 he same to return per annum to the aforesaid wapentake 105s. 4d., full particulars of which are given. — Kirkby's Inquest, p. 30. PoDESEV. — Hugh of Woodhall held in Podesey of John Scott of Calverley, two carucates of land where 24 make a fee ; of which John, son of Simon, held one ox- gang, Robert his brother, one oxgang, John tie Camera, one oxgang, John de Tounes- leuerd, one oxgang, John of the Well, one oxgang, son of Jordan, Simon, son of Robert, one bovate, William the Wayt and Magot de Bramley, one oxgang, Richard de Bercroft and Margaret his wife (or mother), one oxgang, Peter de Selleby, Simon, son of Thomas de Oulcotes, and William, son of Roger, one oxgang, John, son of Alan, one oxgang, William, son of Roger, one oxgang, John, son of Ellis, one ox- gang, Robert the Cowper, one oxgang, John de Berill [Bierley?] one oxgang, William, son of Melkeous [or Mallemouse], one oxgang, the wife of John de Bradford, one ox- gang, and John de Oulecotes, one oxgang. — Knights' Fees in Yorkshire, p. 226.* * I. A Knight*s Fee was so much inheritance as was sufficient yearly to maintain a knight with convenient revenue, which in Henry Ill's days was C^^. — Camd. Brit., p. iii. In the time of Edward III., j£20. All persons holding knight's fees were bound to be in readiness to attend their sovereign for forty days' service every year. 8 to 16 carucates were contained in a knight's fee. See p. 1 5. 2 h. Carucate was as much land as a plough could till in a year, and was variously estimated at from 60 to as high as 180 acres. If we say pbout 120 acres, this may be about an average. A hide of land, and a plough land, were each of the same extent as a carueate. 3. An Oxgnng or bovate of land consisted of from 13 to x6 acres, eras much land as one ox could plough in a year. PUDSEY CHARTERS. - 2} To the aid of the King in his numerous wars, levies were occasionally made upon the knights and landowners for their contributions, and from a Subsidy Roll preserved among the records in the Queen's Remembrances in the Exchequer, and published by the Surtees Society in 1867, we learn that — PuDESAY. — From Hugh de Wodhall for two carucates of land in Pudesay, 4od. ToNG. — From Richard de Tong for three carucates of land in Tong, 6s. 8d. The aid was granted to Edward I., in 1290 (the i8th year of his reign), but was not collected until the 31st Edward I. [1303-] As well as their contributions in money, the whole of the knights, and there were several hundreds in Yorkshire, were liable to be called upon for military service, and they were followed to the field of battle by several thousands of yeomen, burghers, and peasants, armed with bill, bow and arrows, the ordinary weapons of the English soldiers at that time. Every man in England was required to be trained to the use of arms in the time of Edward I., and the whole population was trained to the use of the bow and arrow, from boyhood to manhood, and all were required to have arms in their possession.* In the year 1300, according to Rymer'.s Fcedera, King Edward I. called on the county of York to furnish five thousand nine hundred men for the invasion of Scotland. The mass of the population was thus organized for war by the Barons and Knights of each county. In the Testa de Nevill, an ancient record of the time of Henry III., the father of Edward the I., Calverley is stated as being half a Knight's fee, John de [Cauverlay?] being the Knight mentioned before. The town and valley of Bradford was only half a Knight's fee ; the Abbot of Kirkstall held two Knights' fees ; Richard de Tong one-fourth part of a Knight's fee ; Robert de Horton one- third of a Knight's fee ; Gilbert Juvenis de Horton tenth of a Knight's fee. Amongst the MSS. in the possession of Mr. Edw. Hail- stone, F.S.A., of Walton Hall, are grants relating to Pudsey, as follows : — Grant by Robert de Birley, of Podekesay, to the Brothers of the Hospital of Jerusalem, for ever, of an annual rent of twelvepence. Not dated, but appearing to have been made about the year 1300. Grant by Adam, the son of Attun, of Pudesreshey, of an annual rent of one penny to God and the Blessed Mary and the Brothers of the Hospital of Jerusalem serving God there. Not dated, but made about the year 1300. * For a full description of the arms required to be kept, see Baines's Yorkshire, Past and Prtseut. Div. ii., p. 508. 24 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. In the Wakefield Manor Rolls it is recorded that in 1297, ■" Richard, son of Hugh de Schepdene, took 8d. from the widow of Wm. de Pudesheye, and was charged with other robberies." Whether they caught the thief or not the Rolls do not say. Returning again to the Calverley Charters we find a MS., written by his own hand, in which John Scot, of Calverley, grants land to John Touneslouerd, of Podesey, on condition that after two years from the feast of St. Martin, 1305, he should pay 20s. rent from that time to the said John Scot , out of which a payment of 4s. should be returned to the said John Touneslouerd, in Podesey. [a.d. 1305.] — Add. Char., 16,642. Hugh de Wodehal quit-claims to John Scot, of Calverley, the service per- taining to two bovates of land in Pudessay. The witnesses being :— John de Wode- hall, John de Puddessay, and others. [Time, Hen. HI., or Edw. 1. 1^—Add. Char., 16,649. No. 16,652 is a document in his own handwriting, in which William Touneslouerd, of Podesey, devises to John Scot, of Calverley, a rent of eleven shillings per annum, in Podesey, to be held from the feast of Penticost A.D., 1304, to the end of eleven years. The witnesses being : — Mr. Hugh de Wodehalle, John de Oulcotes, and others, [a.d. 1304.] John Touneslouerd, of Podesey, gave to John Scot, of Calverley, four shillings rent for land in Podesey. The witnesses being : — John de Podesey, clerico, John de Oulcotes, and Robert, son of Simon de Podesey. [Time of Edward I.] All these five persons named in this Charter appear in the knights' fees list. John Cuper, of Puddessay, gave to John Scot, of Calverley, rent of I2d., for two bovates of land in Puddessay. The witnesses being ; — Master Hugh de Wodehalle, and Will, de Boiling. [Temp. Edward l.}]—A<td. Char., 16,664. Robert, son of John the Coupere, of Pudesay, sold to John Scot, of Calverley, his chief lord, two acres of land in Pudeshey. Witnesses : — Master Hugh de la Wodehalle, Will, de Boiling, and John Clerico de Pudeshey. —/}</«'. Chart., 16,665. In the next charter, No. 16,666, we have the land mentioned, and the place where one of the witnesses lived, namely, Oule- cotes, still bears the same name. Robert, son of John the Coupere, of Pudesay, sold to John Scot, of Calverley, land in essarto called Olderode in Podesheye. Witnesses : — Hug de la Wodehalle, John de Oulecotes, and John de Podeshey, clerico. [Time of Edward I. ?] ll-^ith a Seal. In another charter. No. 16,667, the same Robert sells to the same purchaser another clearing or essart, called " Horszvcllerode in Podesey,"* but I know of no place or land having this name at present. In charter No. 16,668, the same Robert agrees to pay to the aforesaid John Scott, an annual rent of i8d., from two bovates or oxgangs of land in Podesheye. Dated at the Feast of Annunciation of the Blessed Mary, 1308. [With a fragment of a Seal.) In the charters, Nos. \6,66% and 16,670, the afore- said Robert sells to John Scott, land only in first, and in the second, " a messuage and land with the reversion of land in Podesey." Each have a Seal attached. ~ » See p. 16. PUDSEY CHARTERS. 2$ William Fayre de Neuton and Christiana his wife, sold to John, named Scot, of Calverley, an acre of land in Podusey. The witnesses being : — Ric. de Tong. Jiic. de Morlay, Joh. de Kothelay. [Time of Edward I. ? No. 16,672.] William, son of Bernard de Pudesay, gives to John Hylkley, a messuage and toft in Pudesay. The witnesses being : — Joh. Scotte de Calverlay, Hug. de Wodehalle, and others. [Time of Edward I.?]— WJa'. Char., 16,673. The following extract has an especial interest : — Elena, daughter of Gilbert de Podesay, lets to John, at the Well of Podesay, part of a toft in I'odesay, to Ix; held from the house of the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem in England. Witnesses ;— John Scot de Calverley and Will, son of Roger de Podesey.* [Tmip. Ed. I. ?] The queston presents itself to me, where was the Well near to which this John lived ? as we often shall come acrcss his name. Was it Bankhouse Well, or Acres Well, or Smale Well, or Jumbles Well, or Green Well ? as these are all old wells. Continuing we have the following : — Richard, son of John de la Green, of Tyrsale, lets to William, son of Richard Alayn, of Pudesay, through free marriage with Matilda, his sister, a messuage and lands in Tyrsale. Witnesses :— Joh. .Scot de Calverley and Hug. de Wodehalle. John, son of Isabella de Po<lusay, gives to John, named .Scot, of Calverley, and to Jane, or Joan, his wife, a toft and a croft in 7'irsale hamlet of Podusay. Witnesses : Joh. de BoUinge and Ada de Oxinhope. — Aad. Char., 16,681. The previous nineteen charters noticed are of the time of Edw. I., A.D. 1272 to 1307. Mstr. Hugh de Wodehalle, son of Jordan, quit claimed to John, son of John Scot, of Calverley, lands and rents at Berecroft and Pudessay. The witnesses being : Rob. de I'lumpton, Sir Simon Warde, Sir Joh. de Heton, Sir Hug. de Swillington, Knights. [Time, Kdw. II., A.D. 1307 to 1327.] John the Cooper [le Coupar], of Pudesay, gave to John Scot, Lord of Calverley, one essart of land in Pudesay. Witnesses : — Hug. de Wodehalle and Hen. de Tiresale. Richard, son of Henry de Gotham, gave to John, Lord of Calverley, six acres of land in the essart called .Schiresroyde, in Podusay. Witnesses : — Richard de Tong, and Richard <le Morley. John, son of Ellis de Pudesay, let to John, Lord of Calverley, the services of John le Rede, of Pudesay, for the payment of 6d. held in fee, and a full-blown rose annually. Witnesses :- -Richard de Tong and John de Rothelay. With a Seal. Hugh del W'odhalle gave to John, Lord of Calverley, an annual payment of 7d. in Priestthorp, to hold as long as the said John holds the tenements by feoffment of the said Hugh, in Calverlay and Wodhalle. W'itnesses ; — Richard de Thonge, John Clerico de Poddesay, and others. Hugh, son of Master Hugh de Wodehalle, grants to his father and Isabella his mother, messuages, lands, tenements, etc., which his father formerly held in fee- service in Pudesay. Witnesses ; — John, Lord of Calverlay, Walter his son, and John de Rothelay. Roljert [le Rede] of Pudesay, granted or let to Robert, son of William Fraunke- tenant [free tenant or freeholder] of Bramley, three acres and a half of land in Pude- .say. Witnesses : — John, Lord of Calverley, and John de Otthelay. Here is another specimen of the domestic slavery which existed at the period : — John Alan, of Podusay, granted to John, Lord of Calverley, and Johanni his wife, the service of William, son of Hugh Bayard, at the wage of gd. in Podusay. The witnesses were : — Thomas de Storneton and John BoUinge. * Named in the Pedigree. ^ HISTORY OF PUDSEY. William Touneslouerde, of Potlesay, granted to John de Calverley, a messuage in Calverley, at a rental of 4s. Witnesses : — -John de Thornhille and Richard de 'I'onge. With a Seal.— Add. Char., 16,740. Hiiijh, son of Master Hugh de Wodehalle, grants to John de Calverley, his chief Lord, the services of Richard de Morleyes, in respect of messuages and lands in Oulecotes. at Pudesey. Witnesses : — Sir John de Thornhille and Will, de Hiestone, Knights, and others. — Aud. Char., 16,743. Hugh, son of Master Hugh de Wodehalle, grants to the above said John de Calverley, the service or homage of Richard son of Reyner de Tyrsale, and I2d. annual rent in Tyrsale et alia. Witnesses : — Sir John de Thornhille, Will, de Biestone, Knights, and others. --v4rfrf. Char., 16,744. John le Rede, of Podesey, gives to John de Calverley, a toft in Tyrsale. Witnesses :— Sir John de Thornhille and Will de. Biestone, Knights, and others. Thomas, son and heir of Robert Rede, of Pudsay, grants to John Stauntton, and Matilda, his wife, and their heirs, seven selions lying on Quaywelhode and two selions lying on Gylkakrode side ; and three roods of land, whereof one rood lies between the land of Walter de Calverley and the land of Robert Lumliy. and two roods lie near the land of John Wilson, in the town of Pudsey. Witnesses : — Thomas de Tyrsale, John, son of Jordan de Pudsey, Will, son of Robert, of the same, Robert Lumby, of the same. Given at Pudsey, Feast of St. John the Baptist, 41 Edw. HI. — Hemingtvay JI/SS. Hugh, son of Magistri Hugh de Wodehalle, quit claimed to John de Calverley, the service of Richard de Morleyes in Oulcotes at Pudesay. — Add. Char., 16,746. John, son of .Simon de Oulcotes, paid to John de Calverley l8d. for a bovate or oxgang of land in Pudesey. Witnesses :— .Sir John de Thornhille and Will, de Biestone, Knights, and others. — Add. Char., 16,748. John, son of Ellis de Pudesay, quit-claimed to John de Calverlay the rent of 6d. for an essart called Schirebrooke, which John le Rede, of Pudesay, held in Pudesay. Witnesses : — Sir John de Thornhille, Knight, Hugh de Wodehalle, and others. With a Seal.— Add. Char., 16,749. John, son of W'althew de Bagley, gives to William at the well in Podesay, an essart, called Ansmith Rode, aad an acre of land in Vinrodes, &\. a rental of 4s. per annum, to John de Calverley. W^itnesses : — John de Calverley, Knight, John de Morley, and others. — Add. Char., 16,751. The essart here mentioned would probably be the clearing which Ann Smith had made. Rode, or Royd, signified a clear- ing ; that is, a place cleared of wood — trees, brushwood, etc., and so put into cultivation. John, at the W^ell, of Pudesay, <iuit-claimed to John de Calverlay and Johanne his wife, an acre of land in Pudesay. Witnesses : — Richard de 1 onge, John de Bollynge, and others. — Add. Char., 16,754 William Touneslouerd, of Podesey, quit-claimed to John de Calverley, lands and tenements in Calverley, Wodehalle, and Priesthorpe. Witnesses :— John de Thorne- hille, Ric. de Tonge, and others. Given on the Feast of St. Gregory, 1310. With a Seal.— Add. Ch.ir., 16,763. Tohn de Calverley, in a letter, assigns a place to William, the son of Simon de Calverley, for the purpose of receiving the rents in regard to a messuage and land in Pudesay, occupied by William, son of Hugh, son of Juliana. Dated on the 5th day of the KeastofSt. Bartholomew the Apostle, 1319. — Add. Char.. 16,766. Hugh, the son and heir of Master Hugh de ^^■odehalle, in Calverley, appoints, in a letter, Richard de Morleyes for the purpose of rendering homage to John de Calverley, the chief lord, for lands held in Oulcotes at Pudesay. Given in "December, in the last days of the Blcsse<l Virgin Mary, 13 Edward H. [\y>i).]—A.id. Char., 16,810. THE SCOTTISH INVASION. 27 In 1316, Richard de Goteham leases to William Alayn, of Podesay, and Matilda, his wife, all the land which he took with Alice his wife, in the town of Pode- say, except one acre, with buildings thereon, which Alice de Morlay then held. Term, 12 years. Rent I Is. Witnesses : — Hugh de Wodehall, John, son of Will, de Podesay, John de Royethlay, Jordan, son of Peter, and Thomas de Tyrsale. — Hemingway JI/SS. We have thus, in these charters and letters, little pictures of how they were buying and selling property in houses and lands, and even in human chattels, at the ver>' time when the land was distracted by war, for, in the reign of Edward II., the time to which these records refer, the Scots over-ran Yorkshire, and committed serious devastations in many districts, in revenge for the wars which Edward I. had carried on in Scotland. It is extremely probable that the humble homes of some of our fore- fathers would suffer from some of these Scottish raids, and that some of the men would be called out to help in doing battle with the invading Scots. We are warranted in this very probable supposition, when we know that the district around Leeds was occupied and despoiled by them, and that for some time a part of the Scottish army was encamped at Morley, within a few miles of Fudsey ; and also when we know that one of our neigh- bouring gentry, residing at Tong, within two miles of our village, played an important part at this crisis. " On the loth of August, 1 3 14, Edward II. issued writs from York to Richard de Tong* and Thomas de Heaton for the wapentakes of Morley and Sky- rack, and to other gentlemen for their wapentakes, to raise all men between fifteen and sixty who were capable of bearing arms to repel the invading Scots, who were in the meantime burning and harrying the fairest portions of Yorkshire, and destroying the harvest as on former occasions." Two years after this event a record, called the Nomina Villarum for Yorkshire! was taken, and which is now amongst the Harleiaii MSS., No. 6,281. In contains a list of the towns and villages in Yorkshire, with the names of the Lords of the Manors at that time, viz., 9th Edward II. [1316.] Of this district it records : — '• Calverlay et Puddesay. Johannes de Calverlay. Ferslai Ricardus Wade. Tonge Ricardus de Tong." Three years after this account was written, the Scots again made another terrible descent into this district, viz., in 13 19, and on the 8th June of that year, writs were issued for a general levy of men in these northern counties. The very men whose names ** He died in the year 1348. t Pub. by the Surtees Society in 1867, vol. xlix. 28 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. occur as witnesses to some of these charters which I have noticed, viz. : — John de Thornill, WilHam de Beeston, Warren de Scargill, Nicholas de Stapleton, and others, were ordered to raise the men of the West Riding. About this time Walter de Calverley devised, by an indenture to William, son of Robert de Wodehalle, residing in Ledes, one borate of land in Piiddesay, to be held to the end of a period of five years from the Feast of St. Martin, A.D., 1318, at an annual rent of iijs. Witnesses : — ^John de Calverley, John the clerk de Puddesay, and others. [Temp. circ. 1320.] — Add. Char., i6,8l2. Walter de Calverlay, by an indenture, conceded to William de Grcnefelde, on the understanding that if Hugh de Wodehalle after five years shall pay ten pounds to the said William, then Walter shall deliver to the said William his lands and tene- ments in Pudesay. Given on the Monday next after the Feast of St. James, 12 Edw. n. [1318.] With a broken Seal.—A.id. Char., 16,813. On the same date, this WilHam de Grenefelde, had by a charter with a seal, conceded to Walter de Calverlay, messuages, lands, etc., formerly belonging to Hugh, son of Hugh de Wode- halle, in Pudesey. The witnesses being : — Sir John de Thorn- hille and Will, de Bestone, knights, and others. {Add. Char., 16,814.) It thus seems very plain that this William de Gren- felde was obliged to give his land and tenements to Walter de Calverlay, as a security until Hugh de Wodehalle, the former owner, had paid ten pounds to Walter, which was doubtless a very improbable event, as ten pounds was a large sum at that time, and if this amount was not paid in five years, poor William would lose his property. Again, on this same day both these persons appoint their respective representatives or agents to look after this land, etc., on their behalf Wm. de Grenefelde appointed John de Pudesay, clerk {Add. Char., 16,815), who was very probably the clerk at the chapel at the time, as his attorney in respect of this dispute about his lands, etc., and Walter de Calverley appointed Adam Bendescheue his agent in the same matter. This latter appointment has attached to it a {Add. Char., 16,816) broken seal. In a letter about this time John Aleyn,ofPodesey, agrees to pay to Walter de Calverley an annu.il rent of vi pence for two bovates or oxgangs of land in Podesey. Witnesses : — Richard de Tonge and others. {Add. Char., 16,817.) John le Rede, of Podesey, gave to Walter de Calverley the moiety of a toft in Podesey. Witnesses : — Ric. de Tonge, John de Bollynge, and others. \Temp., Ed. H.] {Add. Char., 16,811.) Having thus briefly noticed these various local charters of the time of Edw. H., we proceed with others, relating to transactions which occurred in the reign of Edward HI. [1327 to 1377.] PUDSEY CHARTERS. 29 John, son of Wathey de Bagley, gave by charter to William, at the Well of Podesey, and Beatrice, his wife, an annual rent of ijs. in Podesey. The witnesses l)eing : — Sir John de Calverley, Robert le Rede, of Podesey, and others. Given on the watch night of St. Martin, in the year 18 Edw. III. [1344.] — Add Char., 16,736. This Rob. le Rede would perhaps be the son of the John le Rede mentioned above. William, at the Well of Pudesay, grants to John his son, lands, tenements, and goods in Pudsay. Witnesses : — John de Morley, Rob. le Rede, of Pudsay,and others. Given at the feast of St. Timothy, 21 Edw. III. [1347.]— ./ia'a'. Char., 16,791. On the Sunday next after the Feast of St. Hillary, 1374, Thomas del' Isle, perpetual vicar of Calverley, and Thomas de Bergehby, chaplain, give, grant, and confirm to William, son of John Attewell, of Podesey, and Margaret, his wife, all the lands and tenements they had of the gift of the said William* in the town of Podesay. To have and to hold to the aforesaid John and Margaret his wife and their heirs. Remainder to the aforesaid William, son of John. Witnesses : — Walter de Calverley, Thomas de Tirsall, Robert Attewell, of Pudsey, John de Tirsall, of Pudsey, William Gilleson of the same, and others —Hdminnway MSS. 46 Edw. III., Sept. I. John, son of John de Bercroft, of Pudsay, quit-claims to John, son of William Attewell, rector of the church of Quixlay, and Robert and William, brothers of the same John, son of William, their heirs and assigns, all the right in all land, etc., which the said William Attewell had of the gift of the aforesaid John Bercroft. Witnesses: — Sir Robert de Neuill, Knt., Robert Passelewe, Roger de Lede, Walter de C'alverlay, Thomas Dautre, John Passelewe, Thomas Osmond, and others.— tiemtitgwav A/SS. In a Charter, with two seals, John de Bercrofte, son of iValtheii de Bagley, and Agnes, his wife, give to William Attewelle, of Podesey, and Beatrice, his wife, lands in Podesey. Witnesses : — Sir John de Calverley, Rob. le Rede, of Podesey, and others, (jiven on the nativity of the blessed Virgin Mary, 20 Edw. III. [134b.] — AaJ. Char., 16,796. No, 16,797 is a letter of agreement, with two seals, between John de Bercroft and Agnes, his wife, in regard to lands in Podesey. Dated 31 January, 22 Edw. III. [1348.]— ^(/i/. Cliar , 16,797. John de Calverley, knight, in a letter written by his own hand, grants to John, son of Thomas Forrester, of Tonge, the keeping of his land and the marriage [por- tion ?] of Thomas, the son and heir of Robert le Rede in I'udsay, until he comes of age. Witnesses : — Will. Attewell, Thomas de Tiresale, and others. Given on the day Ix'fore the feast of St. Michael, 1352. — Add. Char., 16,802. Ihe name of one of these witnesses is met with in the Bradford Manor Court Rolls (date, between 1340 and 1355), and gives another illustration of the domestic servitude existing in this district at that period. It is there recorded that Thomas de Tiresall made fine with the lord, of VId. Chiefage for license of having John, son of Roger Childyounge, a bondman in his service, up to the feast of St. Michael next ensuing, so that he shall give back the aforesaid John to the bailiff at the time.t Thos. de Tiresale was also a pledge or bond for the payment of half a mark, by Thomas, son of Gabriel, for buying Matilda, his wife, a bond woman of the lord, for his merchet. ® For this gift see Margerison's Registers of the Fnrisk of C'llveriey, W., 197. t From a Paper on the Br-adford Manor Court Rolls, by T.T. Emi'sall, printed in No. III. of the Bradjord Antiquary. jO HISTORY OF PUDSEY. John de Calverley, knight, in a letter, grants to William Attewell, of Pudesay, and to Isabella, his wife, a toft in Pudesay to be held in fee-tail so long as a male <lescendant remains, at the annual rent of a rose. Witnesses : — Will, de Idele, and others. Dated 26 Edw. III. [1352-3.] — Aad. Char., 16,803. [Letter imperfect and with a broken seal.] In an indenture, with two broken seals, John de Calverlai, knight, grants to Walter de Calverlai, his son, and Margerie, the daughter of John de Dynelai, lands and tenements in Podesai, Wodehalle, and Calverlai, to be held in fee tail for the rent of a single rose. Witnesses: — Rob. de Bollynge, Will, de Wynthorpe, and others. Given on the day before the feast of the Apostles Simon and Jude. 31 Edw. III. [1357.] — Add. Char., 16,804. There is also a letter written in the same year as the fore- going, in which John de Morlai and many others, tenants ol lands which John de Calverlai, knight, formerly devised to John de Dynelai on a lease of five years in Podesai and Wodehalle, and lately granted to his son Walter, and to Margeri, daughter of John de Dynelai in fee tail, the said persons making power of attorney in the presence of the said Walter and Margery, and of John de Calverlai, knight, and of Thomas, the vicar of Calverlai, and others. Given on the Thursday before the feast of St. Luke the Evangelist, 31 Edw. III. With three Seals ana a fragment: — Add. Char., 16,805. By an indenture Walter de Calverlay, lord of Calverley, let to Peter, son of Matilda de Pudsey, a messuage and croft named " Bayard Yerd," and an acre of land, named Bayatd acker, to lie held to the end of his life, at an annua! rent of three shillings. Granted on the feast of the Apostles Philip and James, a.d. 1361. — Add. Char., 16,818. In the next year (1362) the same Walter de Calverley granted, by an indenture, to Isabella, formerly the wife of William Atte-well of Pudesey land in Pudesey, to be held for the whole of her life in return for a rose, to be paid annually. The witnesses being : — William Allayn, Wil- liam, son of Robert, and others. Granteil on the festival of St. Michael, 36th of Edw. IIL With a Seal.— Add. Char., 16,821. This seems to have been a generous action to a widow. In A.D. 1363, this same lord, who is named in the indenture, Walter Scot, of Calverly, lets to Robert le Walker, land and a mill in Calverley for the term of his life, at a rental of 20s. Given on Wednesday after the feast of St. Martin, 37 Edw. \\\.—Add. Char., 16,822. By an indenture, in 1365, this Walter of Calverley let to John, son of William of Tiresalle, lands in Pudesey, to be occupied for the period of eighteen years, at an annual rent of 6s. Granted on the day of the moon before the feast of St. Timothy, 39 Edw. III. With a Seal.— Add. Char., 16,823. In a charter Walter de Calverley granted to Robert Attewell of Pudesay, his ward, the liberty to marry Isabella, daughter of John Attewell. Granted on the first of .September, 40 Edw. III. [1366.] — Aad. Char., 16,824. By a writing, Thomas, the son and heir of Robert le Rede of Pudsay, demised to John de Stanntone, and Matilda, his wife, a messuage and land for the period of their life. Given in the feast of Lent, 41 Edw. III. [1367.] With a Seal. — Add. Char., 16,825. By an indenture William Passelewe grants to William, son of John Attewelle, of Puddesay, lands and tenements which he had of the gift of the said William in Pudesay, to be held in fee tail with the remainder to Agnes, his friend {arnica ejus). Witnesses: — Walter de Calverley, and others. Dat. 10 Jan., 42 Edw. III. [1369.] — Add. Char., 16,827. PUDSEY CHARTERS. 3 1 By a charter, Isal)ella, daughter of John ad fontem (or, in other words. At the well) of Pudesay, gives to Robert, son of William ad fonlem of the same place, the reversion of lands in Pudesay and Bercroft. Witnesses : — Rob. Passelewe, Rog. de Leedes, Walt, de Calverley, and others. Granted on the day of Sabbath before the feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Mary, 46 Edw. III. [1372.]* — Add. Char., 16,829. in a letter, under the same date, the aforesaid Isabella of Pudesay, quitclaims to the said Robert, lands which his father held at the gift of John de Bercroft, and others. Witnesses : — Sir Rob. Nevylle, knight, Rob. Passelew, Rog. de Leedes, and others.— ^aW. Char., 16,830. By a charter, William, the son of John Attewelle, of Pudesay, gave to .Sir Thos. del Isle, vicar of Calverlay, and William de Berghley, chaplain, lands in Pudesay. Witnesses: — Walt, de Calverlay, Adam de Hoptone, 'ihomas Dautry, Thomas de Tirsall, Robert Attewell, John de Bytton, of Pudesey, and others. Dat. at Pudsey, Monday next before the feast of St. Thomas the Apostle, 48 Edw. III. \MT,-\—^<i'i. Char., 16,832. With a sea! of green wax, protuberant on the back. The inscription, the arms of Walter de Calverley in a shield placed within a seize foile, as appears by part of an inscription around it.+ ( - - ERUE - - ) By an indenture, Walter de Calverley conceded to William, son of (Ellis?) of Bramley, certain rights and liberties in grazing at Milnewood, and subgrazing at Ftith, and in Calverlay and Podesay, and in the lordship of Tonge. Granted on the 4th of Nov., I Richard II. [1377.] IVilh two Seals.— Add. Char., 16,834. John, son of Ellis de Podesay, leases to William, son of Richard Alayn, one acre of land down in a certain place, "Gospatrode," from the feast of St. Martin, 1304, for five years. Rent 2s. annually. — Hemm^tuny MSS. William le Wayt, and William, son of Thomas Carpentar, lease to John de Podeshay, one toft with buildings, and all the land, to wit, four and a half acres, with the meadow adjacent, which we had of Richard, son of Eli, the smith. To hold from the feast of .St. Martin, 1312, for II years, with rights of common, etc., in the village of Houstorp. [Qu. Does this refer to the same place as " Ulvisthorjie," and where was it ? Pudsey has several divisions.] Rent, 4s. 6d. [ler yev.x.—Hnninqway AfSS. Matilda, daughter of Ciilbert de Pugsay, grants to William, son of John de Pugsay, and his heirs, one hoxoandale in Pugesay, lying between the lands of the said William on the north, and the lands of Richard Carpentar on the south, and one extremity stretches over towards the house of Avis, daughter of Robert Yodlan, and the other towards the [c'mbil'?] Witnesses : —Jordan Wudhalle, Robert Paitewin, Ellis the tanner, and Robert Serjeant. — Hemingway MSS. Matilda, daughter of Gilbert de Pugsay, quit-claims to John de Bradforde, her lord, and his heirs, for 5 shillings and one bushel of oats, one hox^anitdale of land in Pugsay, lying between the land of William, son of John, on the north, and the land of Richard Carpentar on the south, and one extremity extends towards the house of Avis, daughter of Robert Yodlan, and the other towards the [qimbilV] Witnesses :— Jordan de Wudehalle, Robert Paitewin, Ellis the tanner, and others. — Hemingway 'MSS. During the long reign of Edw. III. there were several ex- pensive and exhausting wars ; consequently manufactures lan- guished, trade was oppressed, and the arts of peace suffered much. The debts which the king contracted, and which the nation owed in all directions, were fearfully heavy and crushing. * From the Wakefield Manor Court Rolls, we learn that in 1372, Margaret, daughter of John de Pudsey. had a dispute with John Gibson, of Eccleshill. about some cattle, and paid 2d. In the same vear, Thomas, vicar of the Church of Calverley, had a dispute with Alice, widow and executrix of Robert de Phellowe. and he petitions for 8s. fur an ox sold to the said Robert, at Pudsay.— J/.i. Notes hy J. Hoksfall Turner. t Mr. S. Mabgerison gives an engraving of it in vol. ii. of his published Calverley Registen^ ii, 197. 32 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. To meet these debts taxes were laid and subsidies were collected. Those for 1327 and 1333, give the list of the contributors. No ■doubt, if we had these lists, we should have the names of many of those whom I have just mentioned. However, fortunately, we have the Subsidy Roll for 1378, collected in the second year of his successor. Extract from the Rolls of the Collectors of the Lay Subsidy, or Poll Tax, 2 Richard II., in the West Riding of the County of York, A.D. 1379.* PUDESAY. Thomas de Tyrisall' & vxor. - - - iiijd. Willelmus Kyng & vxor. - - - - iiijd. Nicholaus de Pudesay & vxor. - - iiijd. Willelmus Brode & vxor. - - - - iiijd. Waltcrus Coke & vxor. - - - . iiijd. Petriis de Pudesay & vxor. - - - iiijd. Robertus Pycard' & vxor. - - - - iiijd. Willelmus Attewell' & vxor. - - - iiijd. Willelmus Attewell' junior & vxor. - iiijd. Johannes Wayt & vxor. - - . . iiijd. Johannes Malynson & vxor. - - - iiijd. Rogerus fflayer & vxor. - - - - iiijd. Johannes Sclake & vxor. - . - . iiijd. Johannes de Sutill & vxor . - - - iiijd. Johannes de Heton & vxor. - - - iiijd. Willelmus Gilleson & vxor. - - - iiijd. Thomas de Pudesay & vxor. - - - iiijd. Johannes de Holcreft & vxor. - - iiijd. Johannes filius Willelmi & vxor. - iiijd. Johannes de Brenn & vxor. - - - iiijd. Willelmus Alan & vxor. - - - - iiijd. Willelmus Skinner & vxor. - -. - iiijd. Thomas de Slakef & vxor. - - - iiijd. Robertus de Lumby & vxor. - - iiijd. Johannes de .Staunton &. vxor. - - iiijd. Robertus de Rothelay . . - - iiijd. Alicia de Rothelay iiijd. Cecilia Brode iiijd. Elizalx-th Coke iiijd. Alicia atte Well' iiijd. Alicia relicta Willelmi - - - - iiijd. Alicia de Heton iiijd. Willelmus de Tiresall' - - - - iiijd. Summa xj.s. We have here a most interesting list of the householders in the township at this early period, and a record of their status. They are all entered here as working people ; there is no village squire, or merchant, or landowner ; no innkeeper or tradesmen amongst them. Esquires generally paid 20s., though occasionally only 6s. 8d. ; merchants usually paid I2d., but now and then 2s. or 3s., and if in a large way of business, even up to 6s. 8d. ; ostelers or innkeepers paid 2s. ; tradesmen or artificers, as carpenters, butchers, tailors, smiths, &c., paid 6d., and now and then 1 2d. ; but the common people, single or married couples, paid 4d. This may seem a small sum to us now-a-days, but when we notice the difference in the earnings of the working classes at this early period and those of to-day, then the weight of this heavy war-tax becomes more apparent. In the year 1352, but a few years before this tax was collected, the amount of wages paid to haymakers was i d. per day ; to a mower of meadows, 5d. per acre, or 5d. per day ; to reapers of corn, without * Yorkshire Archi€ological and Topograpkhal Jour/tal, vol. vi., p. 299. t Among the Hemmgzvay MSS. is an apprentice deed, dated 10 July, i Hen. VI. [1423 1. by which Richard Slak, son of Thomas Slak, of Podesay. is Iwund to William Ricroft, of Calverley, -shoeing-smilh, for three years and a half, from the feast of the Nativity of our Lord last past. ^ POLL TAX. 33 meat and drink, and finding their own tools, 2d. to 3d. per day. In 1361 a chief master carpenter or mason had 4d. per day, and others 2d. or 3d., as they were worth. Now, if our working people had an income tax to pay, amounting to between two and four days' earnings, would there not be a loud outcry against the impost, and a still louder demand for " peace, retrenchment and reform " ? The tax was granted to Richard II., on his accession to the throne, and was in the form of a graduated poll tax, or a tax per head ; knights being charged lOOs., esquires 20s., and so on, and the common people a groat, or 4d., all above sixteen years of age being liable to pay. Married couples were charged as one, but it would seem that there must have been some omitted who were sixteen years old from the above list, as surely, there must have been more than eight persons of that age in the twenty- five families named in the list. If we estimate the ^twenty - five families at Ifive in each family, then 'we have a population of 125 persons in the village at this early period, and Groat of Richard II. that they paid the sum of I IS. under this Poll Tax. A glance at our neighbouring villages at the time, will give us some idea of their size and standing, in comparison with our own village. Farsley paid 3s. 8d. ; Calver- ley, 30s. 4d., but of this sum Walter de Calverley paid 20s. ; Idyll, 14s., all in sums of 4d. ; Bramley, 19s. 4d. ; Farnley, 8s. ; Tong, 6s. ; Gomersall, 17s. ; North Bierley, 8s. ; Wyke, 5s. ; Heckmondwike, 4s. 8d. ; Bowling, 13s., of which sum John de Bollyng, Esquier, paid 6s. 8d. ; Eccleshill, 7s. 8d. ; Bradforth, 23s. ; Wortley, 9s. 4d., but of this amount Adam de Hopton paid 6s. 8d. ;* Drighlington, 9s. ; Morley, us. 4d. ; Horseforth, 15s. 8d. ; Yeadon, us. 4d. ; Rawden, us.; Leeds, 60s. 4d., of which sum Roger de Leedes, Esquier, paid 20s. ; and so on, every town and village contributing its share. There is no doubt but that the various persons named in the lists would "get off" with paying as little to the tax as was possible, as most of the payers of income tax at the present day are said to do. However, as regards those in our own list, at a first view, one would take them for all common working people ; and no doubt they -would be all workers, but that they were a superior order of working people, we, fortunately, have evidence from other sources to 34 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. prove. The extracts I have given, and shall give, show that they had their " bits of property," even in the days when building and investment societies were unknown. And they were continually buying and selling, letting and granting their interests in this property, but nearly always, be it noticed, under the eye of the lord of the manor. By an indenture Walter <le Calverley let to John, son of Wm. de Tiresalle antl Alice his wife, and 'I'homas their son, a croft and assart in I'udesay, to be held for life at the annual rent of 6s. Witnesses :— Thos. de Tiresalle, Joh de Holcrofte, and others. Given on the day before the feast of .St. Lawrence, 4th Rich. II. [1380.] IVM a Seal.— {Add Char., 16,835.) Wni., the father, and Thos. the witness, are both in the Poll Ta.\ Roll, 1 1 Ric, II. By a charter, William Attewelle, of Puddessay, .ind Margaret his wife, gave to Walter de Calverley, Esquire, land in Puddessay, Witnesses : — Rad. de Beeston, Joh de BoUynge, and others. Dat. on the Sunday previous to the feast of St. B.-irtholomew the Apostle, nth Ric. \\.\\-i%f\.—Add. Char., 16,862. With txvo Seals. John de Stauntone and Matilda his wife, conceded, by a charter, to Walter de Calverley, Esquire, lands in Pudessey. Witnesses : — Mr. Rob. de Nevylle de Horneby, Mr. Rob. de Pluniptone, knights, and others. Given liefore the feast of Corpus Christi, l6th Ric. II. [1393.] With two Seals.— (Add. Char., 16,869.) Stauntone and his wife are in Poll Tax List. No. 16,870, is a writing in which John de Stauntone and his wife Matilda, extend for Walter de Calverley their lands m Pudesay. Witnesses :- Rad. de Beestone, Joh. de Rome, and others. Given on the last day of Saints Peter and Paul the Apostles. [1393.] John Verty, clerk, quit-claims to Mr. Walter de Calverley, Knight (chevalier), lands which he held at the gift of John de St.tuntone and Matilda his wife, in Pudesey. Witnesses : — ^John de BoUynge, Thos. de Thorner, and others. Given on the 30th June, 1393. With a Seal. — Add. Char., 16,873. By an indenture Thomas de Oulcotes, John de Idel, of Pudesay, and Simon Forster, of Idel, let to John Attewelle, of Pudsay, a toft and land in Pudsay, for the whole of his life, with remainder to Richard Juncroft and Isabella his wife, daughter of the said John Attewelle, in fee tail. Witnesses : — Walter de Calverlay, Kt., Jh. de Thornore, and others Done 26 Sep., 1394. With three Seals. — Add. Char., 16,874. By an indenture, Henry Goion, chaplain of Suttone, and Walter llowet, devised to Walter de Calverlay the Manor of Calverlay with the mills and lands in Calverlay, Wodhalle, Pudesay, Farselay, Raudone, Thornetone, Tiresalle, and Gis- lay ; to be held for the period of 20 years, at an annual rent of iiiid. Given on Monday next after the feast of the apostles I'hilip and James, in the 19th year of Rich. II. [13^6.]— Add. Char., 16,877. With a Seal. Robert Newalle and Thomas Whithende, clerks, grant to John Passelewe, of Newtone, and Jane, daughter of Walter de Calverlay, knight, lands in Pudesay, to Ix; held in fee tail, so long as the said Walter lives. Witnesses :- Rob. de Phmiptone, knight, and others. Given on the 6th of June, 20th Ric II. [\297.]— Add. char., 16,878. With two Seals. William Broode, of Puddesay, gave, by a charter, to Ralph de Beestone, a messuage and land in Puddesay. Witnesses :— Walt, de Calverlay, Esquire, and others. Given on Wednesday the day before the feast of St. James' the Ajxjstlc, 20lh Ric. II. [1396.] — Add. Char., 10,879. With a Seal. Walter de Calverley, knight, by letter quit-claimed to John Passelewe and Joan, his wife, and to his daughter, lands in Puddesay. Witnesses :— Rob. de Plumptone, kt., and others. Dat. 12 June, 20 Ric. II. [ 1 397. ]— ^rtV. Char., 16,880. With a Seal.'Y * In the list of inhabitanu at Wortley are several of the name of Lepton. some of whose descendants were afterwards of Piidsey. t See Aild. Char., 16,878. PUDSEY CHARTERS. 35 Ralph de Beestone, by a writing, quit claimed to John Batty, of Calverley, lands in Pudesey. Witnesses : — Robt. de Nevylle, Walter de Calverlay, knights, and others. Written on the 15th August, 22 Ric. II. [13<)S.]—AM. Char., i6,8m. in a letter Ralph de Beestone quit-claims to Wm. Broode, of Pudsay, lands in Pudsay. Witnesses : —Rob. Neville and Walter Calverlay, knights, and others. Done on the night before the feast of St. Laurence, 22 Ric. II. [1398.] — Aad. Char 16,883. i^it'i " S^al- Amongst the charters in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, is one relating to Pudsey, and to this period. William de Wyrkelay constitutes Richard de Thornhill, his servant, his attorney to deliver for him, and in his name, to Geoffrey de Lowenthorpe [Leven- thorpe ? ], John de Allerton, Thomas de Clayton, and Walter, son of Rolxjrt de Rothelay, seisin of all his lantls, etc., in the village of Pudsey. Dated 10 November [1399.] mth a Seal.— Add. Char., 281. This Robert de Rothlay was of Pudsey, as his name appears in the Poll Tax, A.D. 1379. Walter de Calverley, knight, grants by charter to John Bigot, knight, lord of Setryntone, to Marmaduke Darelle, lord of Sesay, to John de Oustone, of Pykburne, and to Rol«;rt Maulevery, and to Ralph Bygot, the manors of Calverley, Burley, in Warldalle [Wharfedale], Altoftys, Helewelle, and Pudsay. Witnesses : — Rob. Neville, knt., Rog. de Swelyngtone, knt., John Warde, knt., and others. Granted on the day of March l)efore the feast of St. Michael, 3 Hen. IV. [1401]. — Add. Char., 16,887, ^ith a Seal of Arms. In this same year, John Lee, son of Richard Lee, of Pudesey, by charter, gave to John Essehalte, described as of Battelay, Thomas Rothelay, and many others, lands formerly the property of Robert David, vicar of Bristalle [Birstall], and of Hugh, clerk of the chapel, in Pudesey. Witnesses : — Walt, de Calverley, knight, and others. Granted on the festival of St. Martin, 3 Hen. W.—Add. Char., 16,891. By an indenture \_Add. Char.. 16,892] the same five grantors named in No. 16,887, gave to Walter de Calverlay knight and to Joan his wife the manors of Calverlay, Burlay in Querldale [Wharfedale], Altoftis, ilaliwelle, and Pudesay, to be held for the whole of their life. Witnesses : — Rog. de Sywelyngtone, Rol). Nevelle, Joh. Warde, knts., and others. Dat. on Wednesday before the feast of St. Martin, 3 Hen. IV. With five Seals. Galfrid de Leventhorpe, John de AUertone, Thomas de Claytone, and William, son of Robert de Rothelay, of Pudesay, by a charter, conceded to John atte Leyeghe of Pudesay, an assart in Pudesay. Witnesses : — Walt, de Calverlay, knight, Thomas de Thorner and others. Dat. 4 August. 4 Hen. IV. — Add. Char., 16,^97. IVilh two Seals, [x.v. 1402.] In I4IS> an agreement is made by an indenture, between Thomas de Merkyn- felde, lord of Merkynfelde, and his wife Joan, formerly the wife of Walter de Calverley, when Walter, son of the aforesaid Walter, took to wife Elizabeth, daughter of the aforesaid Thomas, and the aforesaid Joan granted under feudal service to her son and to the said Elizabeth, lands, etc., in the villages of Hallywelle, near Pontefract, and Pudsey, to be held in fee-tail, and the said Thomas shall pay £^^ 6s. 8cl. Witnesses : — Rog. Ward and others. March 1st, 2 Hen. V. — Aad. Char., 16,900. On the l6th April, I415, the aforesaid Joan grants by an indenture to the afore- said Walter and Elizabeth, lands etc., in Halywelle and Pudsay to be held in fee-tail. The witnesses being :— Thos. de Merkynfelde, Hen. Sotehille and others. With two Seals. — Add. Char., 16,901. In 1420 John Idelle lately residing in Pudesay quit-claims to Joan formerly the wife of Walter de Calverlay, knight, lands in Pudesay. Witnesses : — Thomas Maleverer and others. Dat. 22 Jan. 7 Hen. V. — Adi. Char., 16,902. With a Seal. 36 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. In the charters in the Bodleian Library is one recording that— Geoffrey de Lewenthorp, John de A]Ierton, Thomas de Clayton, and William son of Robert de Rothelay, grant to William Kothelay the half of all lands and tene- ments which he had of the gift of William de Wirkelay in Pudsey in the parish of Calverley. Dated at Pudsey, i Jan., i Hen. VI. [1422.]— C/iar/cr 382. IVit/i a Seal. Tsabell, formerly the wife of Richard Jimcroft, by a charter, grants to Walter tie Calverley estjuirc, a toft and land called Dikland of Barcroft in Pudsay. Witnesses :— Rob. '1 hornour. Will. Brode and others. Dat. 24 May, 1 Hen. VI. [1423.] /!(/(/. 6/!(i;r. 16,903. With a teal. A William Brode and wife paid subsidy tax 4d. in 1379. In the next MS. (Add. Char., 19,904) we learn who this Isabella is. She is the daughter of John Atewelle, and concedes the reversion of the aforesaid toft and land called Dikland in Pudsay, to the aforesaid Walter. Also in another MS. {Add. Char., 16,905) she quit-claims the same property to the said Walter. All three MSS. with Seals, are of the same date, viz. : 24 May, I Hen. VI. Three days further, and John, son of Richard Juncroft, grants a remission of the aforesaid lands, May 27th, I Hen. VI. [1423.] {Add. Char., 16,906.) Also in a charter, the aforesaid John, and Isabella, his mother, concede to Walter Calverley, the reversion of the toft and land in Pudsay. Wit- nesses : — Will. Scargille, Joh. Gargrave, and others. Dat. 27 May, I Hen. VI. With a Seal. {Add. Char., 16,907.) In the same year John Bygod, chevaler, lord of Setteringtone, Marmaduke Darelle, lord of Sesay, John de Oustone, of Pyklxirne, Robert Mauleverer, and Ralph Bygod, quit- claim to W'alter de Calverley, son of Walter de Calverley, Burley in Wardale [Wharfedale], Altoftys, Helewelle and Pudsay Witnesses: — John I'assekjwe, 'i'hos, Haukesworth, and others. Dated 2 Jime I Hen. VI. — Add. Char., 16,908. No. 16,909, is a writing in which John Bygot, kt., lord of Setryngtone, Robt. Mauleverer, and Ralph Bygot (juit-claim the aforesaid manors to the said Walter. Witnesses: — Rog. Warde, kt., John Mauleverer and others. Dat. 15 M.ar. 2 Hen. VI. [1424.] With two Seals. By a charter William Tyrsalle of Bradeforlh granted to Walter Calvyrlay, Will. Gellys of Bradforth, Draper, and Dionisio Gellys, clerk, a burgess-ship [or a vote] in Bradforth. Witnesses: — Will. Northrope and others. Dated 20 April 6 Hen. Vj. [1428] — Add. Char., 16,915. With a Sea>. No. 1691713 a letter in which Walter Calverley and John Rothelay of I'udsuy, are bound to John Lake for £20. Dated I June 9th Hen. Vj. [1431.]* * In the Archeoio^ital Journai, vol. xviii., 1161, p. 65, there occurs an interesting Note of a Deed relating to this locality, which I reproduce from CalterUy Retcis^ers. ii, 199 : — J3eed dated at Wadlands, loth August, nth Hen. VI. [ad. 1433] whereby Margaret Bollying granted to Humphrey, Duke_ of Gloucester, John Leventhorpe, sen., John Leventhorpe. jun , John King, vicar of Halifax, Christopher Spencer, esq., Robert Inskipe, vicir of Calverley, Richard Willesthorpe, and John Rissheworth, all her estate in lands and tenements, rents and services in Calverley, Farsley, Pudsey, Wadlands. and Eccleshille which she lately had of the feoflhient of Thomas Thornour her father ; to hold to them and their heirs for ever of the chief lords of the fee by the services therefore due and of right accustomed; upon cond tion that the Duke, arc or one of them, .should re-infcoflF her and her heirs, or perform tJie will of her or her heirs in any other manner when they had notice thereof ; with a power ol re-entry to her and her heirs in case the said Duke, Ac, shou d refuse so to do. Witnessed by " Walter Calvei ley armigcro, Johana . .... Henrieo (erased) Roberl IJoIlvng. Willelmo Rothley, etalliis (Willelmode Leventhorpe _ . . . . johnanna de Hill de Wulstone, interlined.") Appended to the original deed is a small circular Seal of red wax, with a device M rudely executed. Wadlands is a farm about two miles from Pudsey, and in the parish of Calverley. PUDSEY CHARTERS. 37 By an indenture, John Merkynfelde, William Scargylle, Thomas Tonge, clerk, William Gellys and Henry Rastryke devise to Walter Calverley the manors of Calverley, Burley in Querledaylle, Altoftes, Haliwelle, and Pudesey to be held throughout the whole of his life, at a rent of a red rose annually. Dat. 20 June, 5 Hen. Vj. [1427.] — AdJ. Char., No. 16,913. IVtlh a fragment of a Seal. By a charter Walter Calverley grants to Thomas, lord of Clifforde, and of Westmerland, John Tempest, knight, William Scargill, Gilbert del Leghe, Will. Bradford, and Will. Brerehalghe, the manors of Calverley, Pudsey, Burley and Holy- welle. Witnesses : — Robert Watertone, esquire, and others. Dated 20 Aug. 22 Hen. Vj. [1444.]— .^rtV/. C/4«r., 16,935. IVUhaiieal. In 1452, Thomas Rothley, of Pudsey, gave to Walter Calverley a rental in Pudsey, on the 20 March, 30 Hen. VI. [No. 16,945.] Wit/i a Seal. By an indenture William and John .Symson at the request of Thomas Rotheley quit claimed to John Raistricke certain lands in Pudsey. The witnesses being : — James Danby, Will. Calverley, and others. Dat. 14 April, 15 Edw. IV. [1475.] — Adit C/5<jr., 16,960. With tiuo Seah. One of the .same family as those first named in the above indenture, appears in the Presentation Book, at York, as follows : — George Symson de Pudsey accoliti — 1479. And representatives of the Sym.son family continued in Pudsey until a few years ago, when the last one, a bachelor, named John Sympson died. The Raistricks are still represented in the town by numerous descendants. In the " Calendar of Charter and Rolls in the Bodleian Library, Oxford," I find John .Symson of Pudsey, son and heir of William Symson grants and quit- claims to Robert .Symson his brother all his messuages, lands, and tenements within the parish of Calverley. Dated at Pudsey 22 Oct. 4 Hen. VIII. [1513.] With a Seal. — Charier 134. Among the Hemingimy MSS. is a grant dated 17 Ed. IV. [1477.] from Lsabella, w. of Robert Botiller, to William Brigge, of York, of three acres in the township of Podesay. Witnesses :— William Warde, clerk, Hen. Albyne, and John Tanfeld. Given at Podes.iy, 2 August. By a charter William Calverley gave to Thomas Tempest, a knight, John Sotehille, Gilbert Leghe and others, the manor of Calverley with its appurtenances in Calverley, Pudsey, Holywelle, Wodehalle, Altofts, Burley, Stede etc., certain places being excepted. Witnesses : — James Danby, knight, Thos. Meryng, and others. Dated II March, 2 Ric. III. [1485.] No. 16,966. By an indenture Richard Calverley, Richard Keghley, and Ralph Smithe devise to Robert \jiy and Agnes Meryng, daughter of Thomas Meryng, messuages and lands in Pudsey, to be held in fee tail. Witnesses : — Percy Thorntone, Thomxs Wilsone, and others. Dated 20 Nov. 5 Hen. Vij. [14,89. ]t No. 16,970. With two Seals. Richard Calverley, Thomas Merynge, Ralph .Smythe and John Alchate, at the request of John Rastrike confirm by a writing, the right of William Calverley to certain lands in Pudsey. Dated 10 Jan. 6 Hen. Vij. [1491.] — Add. Char., 16,971. t .\mong the Hemin^vay MSS. is a feoffment dated 20 Nov.. 5 Hen. VII. [1489] by wliich Richard Calverley. Richard Keghley, Ralph Smyth, and [blank], grant to Robert Ley and Agnes Meryng, daughter of Ihomas Meryng, and their heirs, two messuages, in Podesay. Remainder to John Ley. Witness: — Percival ThorfM/cw], Thomas Wilson, John Symson, and others. Richard Kighley (of Newall) " living about 1445,' married a daughter of \Valter Scot, uiias Calverley ; Richard Calverley, his nephew, was son of William Scot, alias Calverley, of Calverley, and was admitted to the Guild of Corpus Christi, York, in 1520, Thomas Wearing, of Wheldale, had married Isabel, daughter of the above William Calverley. 38 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. By a charter John Rastrike granted to WilL Calverley the lands in Pudsey before named. Witnesses :— John Saville, knight, Ralph Beestone, and others. Dated 10 Jan. 6 Henr. Vij. [1491.] — Add. C/iar., 16,972. IVith a Seal. By an indenture, William Calverley leased the lands mentioned in the afore- mentioned charter to the aforesaid John Rastrike for 40 years at a rent of 20d. Dated Mlh Jan. 6 Hen. Vii. — Add. Char., 16,973. IV'i'i a Sea'. By a charter William Calverley conceded to Robert Calverley, the elder, his uncle, and Nicholas Calverley, the vicar of the Church of Batteley, and to Christopher Lyster, lands in Hoghton, called Holljiuelle, and in Pudsey. Dated I Aug. 12 Hen. Vij. [1497.] With Signature. — Add. Char., 16,974. Attached to last mentioned document is a deed of the same Wm. Calverley, directing that the same lands be re-conveyed to him, and his wife, Alice. — Add. Char., 16,975. With a Seal. William Paget and Agnes his wife, daughter and co-heir of John Ley, grant by a charter to William Calverley, knight, all the messuages and reversions, etc., in Pudsey or elsewhere, in the County of York, which were lately the property of the said John and they appoint him executor. Dated 24 May, 13 Hen. Vij. [1498.] — Add. Char., 16,976. With two Seals. John Rotheley, by a charier, grants to William Calverley, esquire, an enclosure in Pudsey, and appoints executors. Witnesses : — Richard Stephenson, vicar of the Church of Calverley, and others. Dated 9 Oct. 15 Hen. Vij. [l4gg.]—Add. Char., 16,981. With a Seal. Three days after the aforesaid date, this John Rotheley, of Rotheley is bound for £zo in the feoffment aforesaid. With a Seal. [Add. Chars.. 16,9^2 and 16,983.] In 1501, John Rotheley, of Rotheley, gives by a charter [16,990] to William Calverley, esquire, a messuage, etc., in Pudsey, then in the occupation of Margaret Gaunt, widow, and appoints executors. Dated 2 June, 16 Hen. VII. With a Seal. Add. Char., 16,991, is a reversion of the said messuage dated 4 July, l6 Hen. VH. With a Seal. In 1502, this John Rotheley is bound to Wm. Calverley, esquire, in lOO marks in respect of landsin Pudsey. Dated 20 Oct. 18 Hen. VU.—Add. Char., 16,993. The aforesaid John Rothelay grants to Wm. Calverley, es<)uire, a messuage and lands in Pudsey. Witnesses: — Thomas Elys, Thomas Meryng, Cristof Calverley and others. Dated 8 Oct. 18 Hen. VII. With a Seal.— Add. Char., 16,994. A final concord is made in which John Rodley devises messuages and lands which are the right of William Calverley, esquire. Dated the 15th day of St. Timothy, 49 Hen. VII. [i$04.]— Add. Char., 16,995. On March 10, 1 Ric. HI. [1483-4] Joan Rotheley, relict of Thomas Rotheley, late of Podesay, and Thomas Rotheley, her son, grant to John Lee, and his heirs and assigns, one toft in Podesey, called " Eryomgarth." Witnesses :— John Stotheley, Ralph Smith, Will. Symson, Thomas Wilson, Simon Lumby, John Walcar, and others. — Hemingway MSS. In the year 1507, one Edmund Archer, of Pudsey, claimed 255. for the re- conciliation of the " ccemiteii " or burial ground at Ilkley.* From a Subsidy Roll of the isth Henry VIII. [a.d. 1525], giving the particulars of a tax levied and collected (something analogous to the Income Tax of the present day) we learn the names of the principal persons in Pudsey and district, and the relative values of the property held by each, and liable to assess- ment, with the sums collected in each place. The original is pre- served in the Public Record Office, London ; the portion relating to Yorkshire is printed in the Yorks.Arch.&Top.Jour.voX. ii., p. 47. * See Surtees Society's vol. liii., 1869. Yorkshire Wills, voL iv., p. 327. CALVERLEY FAMILY. 39 Puddesay — John Milner, for £j 6s. 8d., lands, 3s. 4d. ; Robert Lumby, for 20s. , lands, I2d. ; John Dawson, for 40s. guds. I2d. ; Robert Wayde, for 10 march [marks], guds. 3s. 4d. ; Roljert Casson, for 40s. guds. I2d. ; Robert Walker, for 40s. guds, 1 2d. Sum lOs. 8d. At the present day, we have persons representatives of all the names given as contributors to the Subsidy or Income Tax paid in Pudsey, 360 years ago. Among the //emin^way A/SS. is a trust deed, dated 13 Feby. 37 Hen. Vlll. [1545-6], by which William Calverley, of Calverley, gives to Richard Jenkinson of Pudsey, a tenement in Pudsey, for a quarter of a year, and then the same to Michael, son of the said William, for life. In 1559, William Calverley granted to his son Henry Calverley tenements in Pudsaye, Calverley and Rawdon. Dated and signed 10 Sept. 1 Elizabeth. — AM. Char., 17,027. Adti. Char., 17,112,15 an indenture between Sir William Calverley, of Calver ley, knight, of the first part, Walter Calverley, of Staneley, son and heir of the said .Sir William of the 2nd j^art, and Sir Christopher Danby, kt.. Sir 1 homas Danby, kt., Thomas Danby, Thomas Wentworth, William Vavysour, Robert Hyde, and Henry Hardware, of the 3rd part, entailing the manors of Calverley, Burley, and Pudsey. Dated 18 Jan. 10 Eliz. [1568.] The same extending over eight sheets and a table of the conditions of the indenture. This Sir William Calverley, kt., was Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1550. The family seems to have now attained its zenith, and from this time to gradually decline. William Calverley, who lived at the end of the 16th century, was a staunch adherent of the Papal Church and so had to .suffer for his " Recusancy." Instead of buying lands they have now to sell. In the catalogue of Deeds relating to the family, I find many particulars of sale of land, etc., as Counterpart of sale of capital messuage and lands in Pudsey to Wm. Jenkinson and others. 42 Eliz. [1600.] Ditto to Wm. Ferrow, 42 Eliz. Counterpart of sale of lands in Pudsey to James Sale, to Geo. Gaunt, to Wm Moss. [A.D. 1600.] A Bond from Wm. Farrow, of Pudsey, to save harmless from a Bond entered p. Walter Calverley to Agnes Gargrave, 42 Eliz. [1600.] Then followed the greatest trial of all, the heavy fine in- flicted upon Henry Calverley for his sympathy and support given to the Royalists, during the civil wars, for which he was fined ;^i,455. To raise this sum he had to sell several parts of the family estates, after having tried every possible way to raise the money and failed. " Seacroft had to go, and Pudsey too," though not without a struggle. Richard Waugh, the vicar of Calverley, writing to Mr. Henry Calverley said : — " Here are great braggs concerning a new lord of Pudsey,* but made in cupps ; I hope you will not pull that flower out of your garland, having means and wayes to raise £,\2<X) by woods and , or fines in letting your land, or if you resolved to part with it, yet not for £,\2QO, you may have a6oo more for it. 1 heard Lumby say he durst undertake it."+ * This was Mr. Tempest Milner (son of Mr. Samuel Milner, of Pudsey), who was a Citizen Merchant Taylor, and Alderman of London, t MakgerisOn's Calverley Parish Registers, vol. ii., p. 3. 40 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. However, the manorial estate of Pudsey was sold to Mr. Mil- ner, but for some reason or other it was bought back again shortly afterwards. Poor Henry Calverley died* having struggled through and paid his fine or composition, but he left to his heir such a large debt that he had to sell part of his lands, together with the manorial estate of Pudsey, as we find from their papers, thus : — Sale of certain of lands in Pudsey to Mr. Milner, 1635. Also other lands in Pudsey were sold to William Lepton, Samuel Lumby, and John Smith. Counterpart of deed of sale of Mannor of Puclsey to Mr. Milner, conditionally, in 1656, and counterpart of lease or bargain and sale thereto belonging. Defeazance from Mr. Milner to Walter Calverley, Esq., concerning the tofts at Pudsey, 1657. Counterpart of sale of Manor of Pudsey to Mr. Milner, 15 Carl. 2. Covenant from Mr. Milner not to take in Pudsey Common without consent of W. Calverley, 15 Carl. 2. Thoresby says, in the Ducatiis Leodiensis, that Robert Milner, of Pudsey, who was the brother of Tempest Milner before mentioned, purchased the Manor of Pudsey and estates there from Walter Calverley, in 1663, and so one of the manors of Pudsey passed out of the family in which it had been held for several centuries. The arms of the family of the Milners, Lords of the Manor of Pudsey, are sable, three bridle-bits or, as entered in the Visitation^ Anno 1634. This family seems to have been originally of this place, though afterwards (at least a branch of it) of Halifax (by the evidence of the Wakefield Court Rolls this would seem to be the reverse of the facts, as they appear to be originally of Halifax and afterwards of Pudseyt), as appears by an ancient deed, before the dates were inserted, from Ricardus filius Thomae Molendinarii de Pugesey (Test. Joh. Scoto, Jord. de Wudehall, Joh. de Bradeford, Sim. Paitevin, Rob. de Birle), yet remaining amongst the old writings of the family, from whence I have drawn the ensuing pedigree. Milner of Pudsey. Thomas Mylner of Pugesey == Richard Mylner. Obiit ante 4 H. 5. John Mylner = m. Cicily, superstes 4 H. 5. of Halifax. | Robert Mylner, 4 H. S =F 37 H. 6. 22 E. 4. Richard Mylner, of Halifax = 21 H. 7. Robert Mylner== m. Margaret sup. 5 H. 8. 35 H. 8. John Mylner, of Pudsey = m. Annie Wharton, of Harwood, 1541, whose son (aged about 63 in 1584) 36 H. 8. John Mylner, of Pudsey, gent. = mar. Anne, d. of Mr. Robert W aterhouse. » He was buried at Calverley Church, Jan. 2, 1651-2. For a long account of him, with portraits, etc., see a paper by Mr. S. Margbrison, in Bradford AHiiquary, part ii. t The early part of this pedigree of Milner k very unsatisfactory. MILNER FAMILY. 4I They hail a son they called Robert Milner, of Pudsey, gent., mar. cov. 29 Nov., 1573 = mar. Mary d. and c. of Mr. Thos. Draper, of Hallifax Vicaridge. They had issue, Samuel Milner, obt. 18 Car., I Ing., post-mortem = m. Grace, d. of E. Oldfield, of Wadlands, in Calverley. They had two sons and several daughters, Robert and Tempest. Tempest Milner was a citizen and merchant tailor, and alderman of London. lie purchased the Manor of Pudsey and estates there from Henry Calverley and Joyce his wife, in 1649, and reconveyed them to Henry Calverley in 1650. He had a son John, who was consul at Lisbon. Robert Milner purchased the Manor of Pudsey and estates there from Walter Calverley in 1663. He mar. Ann d. of Mr. Robert Ferrand, of Harden. Their son, John Milner, of Pudsey, olit. 19 Feb., 1710-11. By his will dated 1708, he devised his Pudsey estates to his eldest son John. He married Frances, d. of Matth. Hall. Their eldest son John Milner, M.D., died Feb. 1724, intest. , leaving his brother Charles his heir-at-law, s.p. Charles Milner, of Preston Hall, near Maidstone, Kent, who upon the death of his brother John succeeded to the estates, and devised them to his great nephew Charles Cottom, in tail, obt. s.p. His said great nephew, on succeeding to the same, assumed the name of Milner, and is now (181 5) living at Preston H.1II. John and Charles Milner had five sisters; one named Ann, married Mr. Michael Cottom.* The old Manor House, which is chiefly of 17th century work, is situated at the top of Lowtown. The Old Hall, as it is popularly designated, is an extensive building, and was at one time the residence of the Milner family, and bears on a prominent part the initial M. The present owner is Mr. George Hinings. There is " an assessment for y= surveyor, 1584, West Riding CO. Ebor," from which I extract the following : — Pudsey ---------- iiijs.' Haworth -------- xvjd. Calverley ijs. iiijd. Farseley xxd Mannyngham ------- xxd. BoUinge- xvjd. Tonge xvjd. Drighlington ijs. vjd. Hallyefaxe xxvjs. viijd. Morley vs. Bramley - - - iiijs. Bradforth xs. Horton - xxd. Idyll ijs. iiijd. From this table we are able to form a fairly good idea of the relative proportion of the rateable value and population of each to one another, 300 years ago. At Leeds Sessions the (3th day of April, in the 44th of Queen Elizabeth [a.d. 1602], before Sir John Saville, Thomas Fairfax, and other justices, it was agreed That the justices should meet at Wakefield upon Wednesday in Whitsuntide week, then next, touching soldiers' pensions, assessments, and other matters ; and then agree upon a particular estreat and jwrfect assessment of the towns within the Wapentakes, to lie and remain a precedent to direct other justices to make equal assessments for these parts wlien occasion should require. It may, therefore, be supposed that the greatest care would be taken in making the assessment ; that being the case, it will give the most correct view, in the absence of actual computation, which can now be obtained of the relative size, population, and wealth of the towns and villages comprised in such assessment. • Thorksbv's Dttratus Leoiticns's, p. 176. Compare with a note to Ca*jon Raine's paper on Marske, in Yorks, Arth, Jour, vi., 198 ; Fostkk's Patrgrtts 0/ County /•'amities, IK. A*. Yorks. ; and Margekiso.n's Registers of tlu Pansh of Catvtrtey. G THE SUBSIDY ROLLS. 43 Here is a copy of such part of the assessment as relates to places in this neighbourhood : — Bingley - - gel. Haworth i2d. Bradford 2od Bolton 5d Boiling 5d. Calverley and Farsley- .... nd. Dewsbury I2jd. Eccleshill 7Jd. Heaton-cum-Clayton Iijd. Halifax I9jd. Horton 7d. Idle nd. Leeds - . 39d.* Manningham gd. Pudsey gjd. Shipley 5d. In the Public Record Office, London, there is a large number of Subsidy Rolls, relating to Yorkshire. They are the accounts of the taxes collected in the different reigns for various purposes. Some of them give the name of each contributor, with the amount paid, or, sometimes, which should have been paid ; while others only give the name of each place, and the total amount paid. These rolls are interesting and instructive ; showing as they do the number and status of the principal inhabitants, nay, sometimes even all the householders in the village or town, as does the one, 2 Ric. II. [a.d., I379.]t They also show us how some families continue to be represented, in certain localities, from generation to generation ; while others, sometimes wealthy, become extinct. These rolls are also valuable as sometimes showing the origin and meaning of personal names. In 1607, the following persons paid the sub- sidy collected in the 5th of James I. : — Pudsey. Ricus. Thornten, ;« /«/■ 3I. vijis. Samuel Milner, ?'« /^r xls. vs. iiijd. Wilms. Jenkinson, «K ;■«:»■ xxs. ijs. viijd. Thomes Smyth, ;« /i?r xxs. ijs. viijd. Ricus Hunter, j« /iT xxs ijs. viijd. Thomes Allanbrig, !»; /;^ xxs. ijs. viijd. Willms Gaunt, in/er xxs. ijs. viijd. Petrus Wilson, ?« Ct-r xxs. ijs. viijd. Sm. vill. xxixs. iiijd. These are the names of the principal families, or rather the better class or owners of property, amongst the inhabitants. See James's History of Brndfo^d, pp. 111-112 ; Yorkshire Arch, and Top. yountnl^ vol. i,p. 162. t Printed on p. 28. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. ail Saints' Cl^apEl.— The origin of the old Chapel-of-Ease of All Saints', which is now demolished, is lost in obscurity. After diligent search, I have not yet been able to make out when, or by whom it was founded. Singularly enough, we have records of landowners and residents, who attended for worship and spiritual instruction in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, at the noble Abbey of Kirkstall, who contributed liberally towards its support and magnificence, and one of whom was honoured by burial within its sacred walls ; and also, of several benefactors about the same period who contributed liberally to " God and to the poore of y' Hospital of St. Peter of York."* Yet as to when, or by whom, the Pudsey Chapel of Ease was founded, we know nothing, and even of the building lately razed to the ground we can learn but very little. Tradition says that it was partly, if not entirely, re-built during the latter part of the last century, and that the clock-tower and belfry were then erected. The for- mation of the front windows and the freshness of the stone clearly demonstrated that such must have been the case. The stonework of the window sills and jambs, at both east and west ends, as well as the back part of the building, were, without a doubt, part of the older structure. It is said that the previous structure had a low roof on one side, and that it had no gallery. 1 have also been informed that the chapel was re-erected or altered when Jeremy Crowther was the chapelwarden ; if so, then it was in the year 1793. • Hart, MSS. No. 797, Brit. Miis. ALL SAINTS' CHAPEL. 45 Lawton, in his " Collections relative to the Churches and Chapels in the dioceses of York and Ripon," gives the vague state- ment that the Pudsey Chapel was founded before the Reforma- tion ; and so it appears to have been, because in the twenty- sixth year of the reign of Henry VIII., or 1535, an Act was passed conferring on the Crown the first fruits of all benefices, and also one yearly rent or pension amounting to the value of the tenth part of the profits of every benefice. Under this Act commissioners were appointed, who collected what are now very valuable returns relating to the ecclesiastical affan's of the period. In these returns, called Valor Ecclesiastiais, or Liber Regis, now kept in the Exchequer, London, the value of the living of Pud- All Saints' Chapel. sey Chapel is put at .^10 153. Here, then, we have the first date yet met with, 1535 ; but of those who were the founders, or who conducted worship here, we have no information, neither have we any particulars as to whether it was ever consecrated or not. Reference has already been made to a "John de Pudesheyc, clerico," as one of the witnesses in several original charters of the time of Edward I. which are now in the British Museum. Here is an epitome of one translated from the Latin : — Charier by which Roljert, son of John the Coupcre de I'lidesheye, sold to John Scott de Calverley the land in the essart called Olderoyde in I'udesheye. Wit- nesses:— Hugh de Wodehall, John de Culecotes, John de I'lKlesheye, clerico. \Temp. Edw. I.? 46 ■ HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Whether this John was a clerk or priest, or merely possessed the right of clergy, I cannot say, but there is no mention of any chapel in any of them. The next date referring to the chapel is 1577. In that year a large quarto volume, in black letter, was published, HOLLINGS- HEAD's Chronicles, to which is prefixed HARRISON'S Description of Britaine ,and at page seventy of that volume, in an account of the river Aire and its tributaries, mention is made of the beck which joins the Aire at Leeds. It says : — "The beck hath two arms, of which one cometh from Pudsey Chapcll, the other from Adwalton." The registers at the Parish Church at Calverley com- mence in the year 1574, and through the kindness of the vicar, the Rev. J. W. Hatton, M.A., I have been allowed to examine these records, and to make as many extracts for historical pur- poses as I thought proper.* But from these registers I have not been able to find any record of the origin of the chapel, or of who was the first minister. In the year 1606 I find the names of John Crosley and Thomas Whitley as the chapelwardens of Pudsey. In 1607 no names are recorded ; in 1608, William Gaunte and James Saile ; in 1609, William ffarrowe and either Edw. Holdsworth or William Dawson, it is not clear which ; in 16 10, William Lepton, but the name of his associate does not appear. I carefully searched the registers in the hope that I should find some information respecting the early curates, but unfortunately these parish records are silent on the subject. However, soon after the above-mentioned dates, we met with first name recorded of a minister at this chapel, the possessor of which played no unimportant part in the local history of the middle of the seventeenth century. This was Elkanah Wales, M.A., who was a native of the parish, and a resident and faith- ful pastor at Pudsey for about half a century. The record of his baptism is in the Calverley register, as follows : — 1588, Dec. Elanane Wales, the son of John Wales, of Idle, ye fifteenth tlaye. Having obtained such instruction as the schools of the vicinity could supply, he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1605, and diligently pursuing his studies he obtained his degree of B.A. in 1608, and his M.A. in 1609. Having terminated his studies at the University, he was for a short time a curate at Calverley Church, and then accepted the poor curacy of Pud.sey Chapel, sometime in the early part of the seventeenth century. Here he laboured mightily, not only in preaching, but in living * These Registers for the period 1574 to 1720 have since been printed. ALL saints' chapel. 47 the gospel also. He was an excellent preacher, of a profound judgment, and large numbers flocked to hear him from the country round about, so that his fame spread far and wide. Joseph Lister, of Bradford, gives in his " Autobiography " an interesting sketch of a fast service which he attended at Pudsey Chapel in 1641, when the people were all afraid of being slaughtered by the Irish rebels, as thousands had been in Ire- land. In 1638-9 he was earnestly solicited to take a charge in New England, America. In 1643, he was invited by the cele- brated Isaac Ambrose, in the name of Colonel Rigby, to Rufford, in Lancashire, and was promised a good stipend. In 1644 he The Old Parsonage in which Elkanah Wales lived. received a call to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and again in the fol- lowing year, 1645, " The Mayor, Aldermen, SherifTe, and Com- mon Council " of that town sent a pressing invitation to him to .settle amongst them. In 1646 be was earnestly solicited to be " a helper in the ministry " at St. John's Church, Leeds, and in a few months afterwards, in the same year, he was strongly in- vited to Carlisle by the Mayor, Aldermen, etc., to become the minister at St. Mary's Church, in that city. Lord Thomas Fairfax had a great esteem for him, and offered him several places of considerable profit. Thus we see that he had many tempting offers to entice him away from his people at Pudsey, 48 HISTORY OF rUDSEY. and though the living was a very poor one he was not to be enticed away from his charge. He continued his faithful labours at Pudsey until the " Black Bartholomew Act " separated him from his beloved little chapel and people ; but though Mr. Wales was thus prevented by the Act of Uniformity of 1662, from preaching in the chapel in which he had so faithfully laboured for near half a century, he yet resided amongst his beloved people, as was a general custom amongst the ejected ministers. They preached privately, and visited from house to house, and were thus enabled to live amongst their friends. The Govern- ment being thus foiled in its attempt to crush out Puritanism and All Saints' Chapel. Nonconformity passed other and more severe Acts, as the Con- venticle Act and the Five Mile Act. After Mr. Wales had been a true pastor for about half a century, between three and four years after his ejectment from the chapel, an ill neighbour took advantage of that diabolical though refined piece of cruelty, the Five Mile Act, and forced him to leave his home. ThoRE.SBY, the celebrated antiquary and historian of Leeds, who wrote a memoir of Mr. Wales, which is now amongst the Birch MSS. in the British Museum, says : — This reverend and holy man of God, whom all good men reverenced, had yet one bad neightour, so inhumanly barbarous y' taking y* advantage of the 5 mile Act he would not suffer him to stay at his own house, y' the poor old man was ELKANAIi WALES, M.A. 49 constrained to travail for a season, but being aged and unfit for y' course of life he resolved to take up his constant abode at Leeds, W he had many true friends who were glad of his most acceptable company . . . And amongst others I glory in the cordial love that united him and my predecessors ; he preached my grand- father's funeral sermon, and in my dearest father's diary I find frequent mention of him, particularly 18 March, 1666-7; he says, " I was where I might have got some good, but ere the opportunity was done was suddenly desired to ride to take care of Mr. Wales's goods at Pudsey, w'^'' his neighbour had uncivilly thrown into the street after he had unchristianly taken possession of his house." The affection of Mr. Wales for the little chapel on the hill and its people was most intense, and when silenced by the hand of authority and driven from his horhe, he is said to have repeated with unutterable pathos the lament of Christ over Jerusalem, omitting the latter clause. Oliver Heywood, the noted West Riding Nonconformist minister, makes mention of Mr. Wales frequently in his diary. In August, 1666, he writes : — Facsimile of Hand-writing, by Elk. Wales. Aug. 23. — Travelled to Bramley where I preacht to a large auditory ; the next day I travelled a little way with good Mr. Wales, who is also banished from home and is now gone into the north with his wife. Aug. II, '68. — The Saturday after my wife and I went to Pudsey (my family being gone into Lane. ) according to my promise, but we were informed that one Fallens, a bayliffe of Morley had been with Cornet Smith and they had consulted, it was suspected they would come to disturbe us and apprehend me, and I made full accont of it, but God held off so that we enjoyed a very sweet quiet Sabbath, being Aug 9, 1668, old Mr. Wales was providentially there (tho' sent for that day to his wife a-dying) and a multitude of people out of all parts, the gentleman of the place Mr. Milner, invited me to preach entertained me, and I returned safely home upon Mun- day, blessed l)e my God. After Mr. Wales's death in 1669, HeywoOD has the follow- ing reference thereto : — Having an invitation to preach at Pudsey on lord's Day Jun 13 69 I designed a word of exhortation to the people upon occasion of their dreadful stroke. I com- municated my thoughts to two friends who divulge it abroad that I was to preach Mr. Wales's funeral sermon, wch was not wel resented by some of his relations, wch when I came thither and saw it diverted my thoughts to another subject, tho to my hind- rance and disappointment. H 50 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. The lady referred to in the first extract given above, was the second wife of Mr. Wales, and was of a distinguished family, the Claverings of Calliley. In a work by her son-in-law, Ambrose Barnes, of Newcastle, published by the SURTEES Society in i868, there are several interesting references to Mr. Wales and his wife. They were married at St. John's Church, Newcastle, Sep. 3rd, 1661, and she died at Newcastle in 1668. The first wife of Mr. Wales died at Pudsey, and her tombstone bears the following simple inscription : " A.W., 1660, May 16." In the Will of Mr. Wales, he says, I commit my bodie to the Earth, wheiice it was taken, to be buryed decently in the Chappell of Pudsey, neare unto the bodie of Anne, my former wife, if it can con- veniently be. After Mr. Wales was ejected from Pudsey Chapel, he settled at Leeds, and for preaching at Bramley he was taken before the justices in Leeds. He died at Leeds, May nth, 1669, aged 80, and in his Will, made only fourteen days before his death, he says, I give unto the poore of Pudsey ^^3, to be distributed by Mr. Sale and John Downes, or Joshua Lumby, to the poore of Idle ;^3, to be distributed by Jeremie Welfit and Samuel Stable, and to the poore of Calverley fourtie shillings, to be distributed by Mr. Sandall and Joseph Hitchin.* In disposing of the books in his library amongst his friends, he refers to the books that he " lost in the time of the warres." In concluding my remarks on Mr. Wales, I must not omit mention of his literary labours. He published A Short Catechism ; or. Ye Sum of the Cliristian Religion in 34 Questions and Answers, etc., by Elk. Wales, London, 1662. A Writ oj Error ; or, a friendly examination of a question deeply concerning marryed persons, or such as intend to marry, by E. W., York, 1654. Mount Ebal levelled ; or, Kedeviption jrom the Curse, by Elk. Wales, M.A., London, 1659. Dedicated to the Right Hon. Thomas Lord Fairfax. A second edition of this last-named work was published in 1823, to which was added a short life of the author, by Matthew Hutchinson, of London, a native of Pudsey. Mr. Hutchinson says in his short memoir of Mr. Wales, that He bequeathed to the Chapel at Pudsey two excellent fields of near ten acres, viz., those through which the footpath runs between the old chapel and Littlemoor, and he adds, rumour says that he left the house formerly occupied by Mr. Jenkins, the curate, in the Old Chapel Fold, which Mr. Jenkins said was a fact. One of the rooms in the old parsonage just named, formerly bore the date '■1647" on the ceiling, but in repairing the building in 1873 the old ceiling was destroyed. * John Downes, of Pudsey, was buried on the nth January, 1670 {Calverley Church Regisiet), and a Joshua Lumby was chapel-warden in 1663 and 1675. REV, JAMES SALE. SI In lately looking over a manuscript in the Lansdowne collection of MSS., British Museum, No. 459, which is a register of church livings in the County of York, etc., with an account of their actual income, and the patrons, and tho characters of many of the incumbents, supposed to have been made about 1654, for the use of the Cromwellian commissioners for ejecting " scan- dalous and ineffectual ministers," I found the following entry : — Pudsey chap : to Calverley. 2 miles distant. Chapellry. Living — Benevolence of the people only ;^ 1 0:00 :00 after Mr. Waugh's decease. Incumbent. Mr. Elkana Walles, a grave and frequent preacher. In the Parliamentary Survey, made during the Common- wealth, vol. xviii., p. 313, Pudsey Chapelry is recommended to be made a parish, but this recommendation was not carried out until the year 1878. In the seventeenth century another eminent name was connected with Pudsey Chapel ; it was the Rev. James Sale, who was a native of Pudsey, and one of the noble 2,000 ejected ministers who bravely sacrificed their livings for conscience' sake. The record of his baptism in the Calverley register is as follows : — 1619, Oct. James ye son of James Sale yc xxiiii day. He was a companion and great comfort to old Mr. Wales, with whom he served as a son in the gospel. He was educated at Cambridge University, and when he had finished his university career he spent some time at Lincoln with the Rev. Edward Reyner, M.A., who was an eminent divine, and a native of Morley, and who, during his youth, had frequently attended the ministry of Mr. Wales, at Pudsey, as he mentions in his diary. Mr. Sale was for some time minister at Thornton Chapel, and afterwards was assistant to the Rev. R. Todd, at St. John's Church, Leeds, where he was ejected by the Act of Uniformity, 1662. He then resided in his own house at Pudsey, and preached there constantly, as well as in the neighbourhood, until he died in 1679. He was buried at Calverley Church, April 21st, 1679, and part of his tombstone may still be seen in one of the aisles of the church. '• He was a learned and good man, of fine parts, and an excellent preacher." Several of his children, himself, and his widow, are all buried at Calverley Church. Mrs. Sale was one of the family of the Richardsons, of North Bierley. As to who were the successors of Mr. Wales at the Chapel after his ejectment in 1662 I cannot give any information. The registers . at Calverley give no clue. In 1685 there is the entry appended 52 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. to several of the baptismal entries, " Baptised by the minister of Pudsey," but no minister's name is given. From 1640 to 1663 there are no entries of either churchwardens or chapelvvardens, but commencing with " Mr. John Smith and Joshua Lumby," chapel wardens for Pudsey in 1663, the list is given almost regularly until 1695. In a note book or diary of Sir Walter Calverley, 1663 to 1722, * now amongst the Add. MSS. in the Brit. Mus., I find this note : — 27 Oct. 1698 I met Mrs. Milner and the ffreeholders of Pudsey al)Out setting out some Common for the better maintenance of a Minister at Pudsey, and it was agreed to inclose abt. 20 acres on the southside of Owlcotes-hill, al5t. 8 acres above the Delves, and 5 acres on the Windmill-hill. In a catalogue of deeds belonging to the Calverley family, I found the following items relating to the Pudsey Chapel : — Memorandum about the Trustees' Deeds for Pudsey Chapel — Deed my son and I signed relating to ye Tythes of y= Chapell Lands at Pudsey, dated 7 & 8 Sep. 1738. In an account of Queen Anne's Bounty, published in 1719, the value of the living of Pudsey Curacy is given at ^^20 5s., which was augmented by a grant of £2(X) to meet benefactions from Mr. Kent, Mr. R. Hey, and others, of ^200, with which ;^400 lands were purchased in Bramley and Pudsey in 1736 for augmentation of the living. In 1728, the Rev. Wm. Brown, B.A., was nominated minister for Pudsey Chapel by the feoffees, with the approbation of the Vicar of Calverley, but the subsequent nominations were made by the vicar alone, viz., in 1737, 1762, 1767, 18 14, and 1854. In the Register of Presentations at York is the following entry : — 1728, 15 July, A License to preach m Pudsey and Tong Chapels conceded to Wm. Brown, A.B., Clerk. Mr. Brown died in 1737, and was buried at Pudsey, as appears from the entry in the Parish Register :— '737 May 4, The Reverd. Willm. Brown, Minister of Pudsey, [buried] There. His successor was the Rev. Benjamin Bailey, A.B., who was nominated by the Rev. Christ. Holt, Vicar of Calverley, June 13th, 1737. He died at Pudsey, and his tombstone bears the following inscription : — Here was interred the Body of the Revd. Benjamin Bailey, Clerk, who died August ye 5th in the 53rd year of his age, Anno. Dom. 1762, and in the 26th year of his Ministry at this Chapel. * Lately printed by the Surtees Society. ALL SAINTS' CHAPEL. 53 In 1762, a Caveat was entered at the office of the Diocesan Registrar at York, by Samuel Farrer, John Lobley, William Moss, inhabitants and Trustees of Pudsey Chapel, to nominate on the death of Benjamin Bailey. This was afterwards with- drawn, and the Rev. Seth Pollard, clerk, M.A., was nominated curate of Pudsey, and was licensed Nov. 15th, 1762. During the ministry of Mr. Bailey, permission was granted by the vicar, Nov. 24th, 1754, that " the Holy Sacrament of the Lord's Supper be administered in the Chapel of Pudsey," on the conditions that it " be not administered there on same day when it is administered at the mother church ; and that the curate, church- wardens, etc., do repair to the said church upon all sacramental days as usual." The Rev. Seth Pollard remained only five years, and was succeeded, in 1767, by the Rev. William Howarth, who had been curate at Calverley from 1763 to 1767. An organ was built and erected in 1792 or 1793 in the Pudsey Chapel, by Donaldson, of York, which, on the discontinuance of services in the Old Chapel, was removed to Tong Church. The Rev. Wm. Howarth was the curate for forty-seven years. He died in June, 1814, aged seventy-nine, and was buried in the interior of the chapel in which he had laboured for nearly half a century. Since the chapel was demolished, his tombstone has been found in one of the aisles. His successor was the Rev. David Jenkins, who was curate or incumbent from i8i4to 1854. During his ministry the large and imposing edifice of St. Lawrence's Church was erected in the years 1821 to 1824, when the congregation removed to the new edifice, and the old chapel was suffered to fall into decay, so that its removal became generally desirable, hence its demolition by the Local Board. I now propose to give a few notes on the people who were the worshippers connected therewith, principally drawn from the baptismal and burial registers, and the records of the tombstones in the burial ground. The records of the baptisms, marriages, and burials relating to this chapel are at the Parish Church at Calverley, and " the register booke of Christeninges " commences on " the XXth of Maye, in the yeare of our Lord God 1574."* The first entry from Pudsey is as follows : — William Hunter of Pudsey had a child baptised the XXXth daye of Julie 1574 named Sussanna. Then follow entries of " christeninges " of children from Pudsey belonging to Richard Farrowe, John Crosley, Robert * It has been lately printed. 54 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Grave, Mr. William Thornton, of Tyresall ; Robert Waterworth, and Peter Wilson. The following entry tells its own tale : — Robert Cawdrey had a basse l^egotteii child wtl' Anne Armitage was baptized ye 4th daye of April 1574 [1575] named John. In the years following up to 1585, there are entries of baptisms from Pudsey in the names of Dawson, Allanbridge, West, Smith, Lepton, Gibson, Waterhouse, Wainman, Gaunt, Milner, Lee, Siddall, Lake, Gilhouse, Gill, Rawden, Goodall, Thompson, Watson, Sutcliffe, Saile, Whitley, Sharpe, Walker, Graistwicke, Mitchell, Dunkin, Ogden, Dobson. In the seven- teenth century there are the names of many families whose descendants are living in Pudsey at the present time, as Lumby, Hutton, Proctor, Riley, Hutchinson, Moss, etc., besides others which have died out, or removed to other localities, as the Heys, Jenkinsons, Milners, Purdys, Kents, Stouts, Leighs, Thorntons, etc. In the register there is nothing to indicate which were baptized at Pudsey (except in 1685) until 1702, when the word " there " is added to the entries, .showing that there were twenty-one baptized at the Pudsey Chapel in that year. In 1685, there is the remark, " baptized at Pudsey, y= ministram ibiit"; and in 1686 there is also "babt. by the minister of Pudsey." F"rom the year 1717 until 1753, lists of " births " (persons who were not baptized at the Established Church) are inserted in the register along with the baptisms. These lists give the names of Nonconformist families generally. In the first list (1717) are six names from Pudsey, in 1721 there are thirteen, in 1722 seven, and in 1723 eleven. In the baptisms I find in the year 1702 March 9 [O.S.] Richard son of John Hey of Pudsey. Amongst the baptisms in 1744 is the following entry : — June 5th, Elizabeth, daughter of Wni. Holland, born at Falneck. And amongst the births in Pudsey are the following : — 1746, May 24. Elizabeth, daughter of Gottlob Hauptman, born at Falneck. Jan. 31. Anna Johanna, daughter of Jno. Ockerhausen, Born at Falneck. In 1744, the Moravian Settlement of Fulneck was not built, neither was it named Fulneck until some years afterwards, and yet the place was named Falneck,^ as it is pronounced by many of the inhabitants of the township even unto this day. When the land was purchased, in 1744, for a settlement for the Moravians, it was a wild, uncultivated common, and it is conjectured that it derived its name of Fallneck, from Fall'n ac or ake, signifying oak. ALL saints' chapel. 55 In the Register, the year 1746 ends as usual in March, and for the first time the year terminated in December in 1747. In that year, in 1747, in the list of births, there appears the fol- lowing entry : — Nov. 30, John, son of Samuel Riley, Old Cotes, clothier. This was John Riley, afterwards a well-known mathematician in his day. He was head-master of the Charity School in Leeds, and was one of the originators and the first editor of a literary, mathematical, and philosophical miscellany called '' The Leeds Correspondent," until his death, which took place April 24th, 181 5. He also compiled a " History of Leeds and the Neigh- bouring villages," published in 1808. Previous to the year 1755, the Pudsey baptisms and burials were inserted in the Calverley Parish Register, along with those from the other parts of the parish, without any distinction, but commencing in that year the lists are entered separately.so thatwe learn both the number and the names of the persons baptized or buried at Pudsey Chapel. In that year there were 32 bap- tisms, and in 60 years, less six months, to June, 1814, there were 4,477 persons baptized in the chapel at Pudsey. The years in which the largest number of baptisms took place were 1784, when there were 104 ; 1786, 102 ; 1791, 100 ; 1792, 112 ; and in 1793, 103. The Register of Burials at the Parish Church commences October ist, 1596, and contains numerous entries of the burials of persons of the same families as those given above from the baptisms ; but the majority of the entries do not record the place from which the deceased came. The first name with " Pudsey " attached to it is as follows : — 1598, August, Robert Wilsonn, of Pudsey, buryed the first day. From 1607 to November, 1624, there are no entries ; evi- dently the volume has been lost ; the entries thus far seem to have been copied from some other register. In 1624-5 the burials were more numerous than usual : — 1624, March [1625] Mr. Thornton of Tiresall had his servant buried ye Eleventh day ; In the next month, April, 1625, ffrancis Hillhouse of Pudsey had two children buried ye one upon ye Seven and Twenty daye anil ye other upon the eight and Twenty daye, " ffrancis hilhouse had his wife and his doughter buried ye last daye. Again, on the first day of Maye, he buried one child, and ffrancis Hilhouse himself was buried ye fourth daye. $6 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Thus husband and wife and four children were buried within eight days. Reading further in the register, I find, March, l6j5, Elcanan Wales buried the loth daye ; August, 1639, Samuel Wales of I'udsey was buried the 1 3th daye. The question at once arose in my mind, who were these ? Were they aged or young ? However, in looking over No. 4,276, Birch MSS-, Brit . Mus.," Letters of Divines, formerly in the pos- session of Mr. Thoresby, of Leeds," I found a note in the hand- writing of the Rev. Elk. Wales, minister at Pudsey, which sup- plied the answer. It was a short note, written in Greek, Latin, and English, relating to his brother, the Rev. Samuel Wales, of Morley, and his family. On the death of this brother, the children were taken charge of by Mr. Elk. Wales, and the note referred to gives the names, etc., of the children, and of the two above- mentioned it records thus : — I. Samuel Wales S. F. Natus 14 Oct. 1619, died August I2lh, 1639. 5. Elkanah born Oct. 7, 1627, died Mar. 9, 1635. There were several children. Some of them died young. 1641. Januarye Mr. Samuel Milnerof Pudsey, Gent., buried the 7th daye. There are numerous entries relating to the Milners ; they were the most important family living in the village at that time, and were the only family using a coat-of-arms, which is thus described : — " Sable, three snaffles (or bridle bits) Or." A terrible plague raged in Leeds and district, in 1644 and 1645* ; but it seems to have been in this parish earlier according to this register. In 1642, the burials numbered 40, but in 1643 they were 130, an unprecedented number. In 1654, there was buried, October 24, Alice, daughter of Wm. Croysdall, Quaker, of Owl Coates. There is nothing in the register to distinguish those who were interred at Pudsey from those who were interred at Calverley. The oldest tombstone at Pudsey bears the follow- ing inscription : — A.W., 1660, May i5, and was formerly in the aisle of the chapel, but since 1847 has been in the burial ground, it having been then removed in order that it could be read, as the chapel was then closed and in ruins, but in the register it is recorded, 1660, May 18 [blank], wife of Mr. Elkanah Wales. Her name was Anne. * See Annals oj Yorkshire, p. 81. ALL saints' registers. 5/ The register records :— July 14, 1660, Henry Bland and William Hustler, slain with a thunder Bolt. In 1661, March 4, Sam : son of Mr. James Sale, of Pudsey. Mr. Sale was at that time curate at St. John's Church, Leeds, from which church he was ejected by the Act of Uni- formity, in 1662, as previously stated. He died at Pudsey in 1679, and was interred at Calverley, Oliver Heywood being present at the funeral, as he records in his diary. His widow was also buried there in 1700, and in the interesting diary of Walter Calverley, Esq. (afterwards Sir Walter), now in the British Museum {Add. MSS. 27,418), he says, 6 Jany. 1700, I was at ffunerall of Mrs. Sale, of Pudsey, and Lent Mrs. Hutton a pair of mares and coach-wheels to bring the corpse to Church. Mrs. Hutton was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Sale, and was the wife of Mr. Richard Hutton, of Pudsey, who was the great grandson of Archbishop Hutton, of York ; grandson of Sir Thomas Hutton, of Poppleton ; and the son of Richard Hutton, Esq., and his wife, Dorothy, daughter of Fred. Viscount Fairfax, Baron of Cameron, in Scotland, of Denton, in Yorkshire. In 1701 there is recorded the first list of "buryalls" in Pudsey; the first half-year there were seven. In 1702 list of "buryells in Pudsey-come-Tyersall," 9; in 1716, on July 13, was buried at Pudsey," Mr. Gregory Milner, of Pudsey, there." The list being discontinued, the word " there " follows many of the entries, showing that the burial had taken place at Pudsey Chapel, but after a time this was given up, and there is again no distinguishing word until 1755, when separate lists were then again commenced. In 1734, was buried, May 1st, Samuel Lumby, of Pudsey, Sargon of Dragoons, There. I737> M'ly 4> The Heverd. Willm. Brown, Minister of Pudsey, There. 1738, Aug. 16, Mr. Jacob Simpson, an apothecary at Leeds, was buried at Pudsey, and his tombstone was lately close to the east end of the chapel. 1738, March 21, Mr. Edward Kent, of Pudsey, There. 1739, May 4, John, son of Mr. John Hey, late of Pudsey, There. From 1755 the lists of the interments at Pudsey Chapel are given regularly ; in that year they numbered 38. The years in which the smallest number of interments took place were — 1765, when they were only 17; 1799,26; 1805,25; 1812,24. The united ages of six of these in 1812 amounted to 442, being an average of 73 years and 8 months each. In 1790 the burials were 43, and the united ages of 17 of them amounted to 1,269 years, being an average of 74 years 7 months and 22 days each. The largest number of burials in one year was in 1787, when there were 100 persons interred, 50 of them being children, I S8 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. swept out of existence by that terrible scourge, small-pox ; the remainder being entered as follows : — consumption, 3 ; jaundice, i ; convulsions, 4 ; worm fever, 3 ; decline 3 ; white swelling, i ; dropsy, 3 ; inflammation, i ; fever, i ; aged, 3 ; evil, 2 ; run over by a waggon, i ; still-born, 6 ; not stated, 18 ; total, 100. In 1781 there were 61 interments, 3 1 deaths being from small-pox. The total number of burials at Pudsey Chapel from 1755 to the end of June, 1814, 60 years except six months, was (including still-born children) 3,980 ; and estimating the six months at 20, we have a total of 4,000 interments in that small burial ground around the old chapel. The first 20 years are taken from the register at Calverley, and the remainder from a private register made by the Rev. William Howarth, and ending with his death in June, 18 14. There were seven tombstones inside the old chapel, previous to its demolition, and seventy-three in the graveyard ; and many of the inscriptions will, no doubt, be interesting to numerous individuals and families amongst us. The oldest tombstone in the ground bears the following inscription : — A. W. 1660. MAY 16.* The next five stones adjoining the above, in the aisle of the chapel, bore the following inscriptions : — In Memory of Hope, the wife of the Kevd. \Vm. Howorth, Curate of this Chapel, who departed this Life the 28th Day of February, 1803, in the 68th year of age. Also he Revd. William Howorth, 47 years curate of this Chapel, who <leparted this Life May 1814, in the 80th year of his age. In Memory of tlizabeth Howorth, oldest daughter of the Revd. William Howorth, 47 years Curate of this Chapel, who died April 17th, 1833, in the 60th Year of her Age. Also of Anne Howorth youngest daughter and only surviving child of the Revd. William Howorth, who died May 14th, 1833, in the 58th Year of her Age. Anne Willet, Ai 80, 1788. Samuel and Martha Lumby, Died 20th Day of March, Eight Year of her age 1706. Here lyeth the Body of Samuel Lumby, of Pudsey, who departed this Life the 6th day of July, 1707, Aged In Memory of Rebecca Holmes youngest Daughter of the Revd. William Holmes, of Pontefract, deceased, who died the 15th day of June, 1790, in the 19th year of her Age. Also Rebecca Holmes, Relict of the Revd. William Holmes, late of Pomfret. She departed this Life, Jan. 20th, 1811, in the 80th year of her Age. Also William Holmes, of Pudsey, son of the above Rebecca Holmes, who ■departed this Life May l6th, in the 47th year of his age. The Mrs. Holmes mentioned above was a sister of the celebrated Dr. Hey, of Leeds. * Sec p. 56 ALL SAINTS' BURIAL GROUND. 59 There was one memorial stone against the wall of the chapel, but this was removed to the church (St. Lawrence's), some time ago. The inscription upon it is as follows : — Near this place are deposited the remains of John Cooper, Pudsey, who departed this life, Feby. 28th, 1816, aged 57 years. His truly afflicted widow caused this monument to lie erected as a small tribute of affection to the memory of a beloved Husband. He lived in a faithful performance of every Christian duty, and died the death of the righteous. Beginning at the western end of the burial ground the first stone previous to the late relaying was — In Memory of the Daughter of George and Nancy Sugden, who departed this Life, Oct. 2lst, 181 1, in the second year of her age. Likewise two, who died in their Infancy. Here lieth interr'd the body of Isaac lUingworth, of Pudsey, who departed this Life December the 24th, 1780, in the 50th Year of His Age. Here lieth Interr'd the Body of William Pollard, of Pudsey, who departed this life the 19th day of December, in the 43rd year of his Age, Anno Domini, 1724, And also Robert, son of William Pollard, who departed this life, August the 20th, in ye 3rd year of his age, A.D. 1725. Here was interr'd the Body of Faith, the wife of John Darnbrough, of Pudsey, who departed this life the 27th day of April, in the 27th year of her age. Anno Domini, 1725. Here lieth the Body of Dorothea, the wife of Thos. Lawson, surgeon, of Pudsey, who departed this life, the 28th day of January, 1760, in ye ^4th year of her Age. Also the Body of Mary, the wife of Thos. Lawson, who died August the 8th, I774> Aged 38 years. Also Thos. Lawson, Surgeon and Apothecary, of Pudsey ; he died Feb. 28th, 1798, Aged 68 Years. Also Mary, Wife of the above Thos. Lawson, who departed this life Deer. 6th, 1823, aged 67 Years. In Memory of George, the son of George and Elizabeth Hainsworth, of Pudsey Fartown ; he departed this life, June 21st, 1810, in the 23rd Year of his Age. Also two Children, who died in their Infancy. Also Joseph, son of the above : he departed this Life, March Z7th, l8i2, in the 22nd Year of his Age. In Memory of JVTartha, Wife of James Harrison, of Pudsey, who departed this Life June 9th, 1795, Aged 5 7 years. Also of James, the above said, who departed this Life, Nov. 28th, 1808, Aged 72 Years. Here lieth interr'd the Body of John Morehouse, of Bankhouse. He departed this Life .September the 27th, 1780, in the 43rd Year of His Age. Here lyeth the body of Mary, the VVife of Jonathan Muff, who Departed this Life ye 8th of July, 1763, Aged 58 Years. Hannah, the widow of William Haste, departed this Life April l8th, 1807. Aged 84 Years. In Memory of Joseph, son of James & Hannah Newell, of Pudsey, who departed this Life March 4th, 181 1, Aged 4 Years. Also Hannah, Daughter of the above, who departed this Life, June 17th, 1817, in 9th Year of her Age. Also Josc])h, Son of the above, who died in his Infancy. Also Mannah, Daughter of the .-ibove, who died April 1st, 1822, Aged 3 Years. In Memcjry of Mary, Daughter of Thomas & Agnes Rider, of Pudsey, she departed this Life Jany. 1 7th, 1 795, in the 2nd Year of her Age. Also William, son of the above Thomas & Agnes, he departed this Life October 27th, 1801, aged 4 Years. €o HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Also Agnes, the wife of the above said Thomas Rider, of Pudsey, wlio died Angst. 5th, 1822, Aged 55 years. Also, the above said Thomas Rider, who departed this Life on the iSth day of January, 1841, in the 70th Year of his Age. In Memory of Ann Halliday, Daughter of John and Ann Halliday, of Pudsey, who departed this Life January the 16th, 1810 in the 7th Year of her Age. Also George, son of the above-said, who departed this Life January the 19th, 1 8 10, in the 5th Year of his Age. Here lieth Interred the body of Jonas Jowett, of Pudsey, who departed this life the 19th Day of April, in the 47th year of his Age, Anno Domini, 1733. Also Joseph, his Son, interred March the 13th, 1736, Aged 4 years. Also Susannah, wife of the above-said Jonas, died March the 13th, 1779, Aged 81 Years. Also Mary, the wife of Joseph Turner, and Daughter of the above said Jonas And Susannah, died September the 3rd, 1779. Aged Years. In Memory of Joseph Dodgson, of Pudsey, who departed this Life August 31st, 1807. In the 70th Year of his Age. Also Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Driver, and late Widow of the alxjve Joseph Dodgson, she departed this Life April 19th, 1814, in the 62nd Year of her Age. In Memory of William Banks, of Pudsey Back Lane, who departed this Life April 8th, 1803, in the 71st Year of his Age. In Memory of Samuel Moss, of Pudsey, who departed this life, Novmbr. 23rd., 1805 in the 66th Year of his Age. Also of Martha, the wife of the aforesaid Samuel Moss, who departed this Life May 6th, 1818, in the 73rd Year of her Age. Here lieth the Bodies of six Children of Joseph Banks, of Pudsey, who all Died in the first Year of their Age. Also Elizabeth, daughter of the abovesaid Joseph, who Died September the 13th, 1773, in the first Year of her Age. Also Edward, son of the above, Joseph, died May the 21st, 1777 in y= third Year of his Age. Also Thomas, son of the alxjve. Joseph died May the 6th, 1778, in the i6th Year of his Age. Also Joshua, son of the abovesaid Joseph, died Oct. 2Ist, 1779, Aged 2 Years. Also John, son of the abovesaid Joseph, died November the 4th, 17 24th Y'ear of his Age. Also Joseph, Father Children, Died Aged In Memory of five Children of Joseph and Sarah Banks, of Pudsey Backlane, who died in their infancy. Also of Sarah, mother of the said Children and Wife of the above Joseph Banks •& Daughter of Matthew Dufton, she died May 4th, 1797, in the 33rd Year of her Age. Also Sarah, Daughter of the abovesaid Joseph Banks, who died the 17th day of March, 1804, in the loth Year of her Age. Also Betty, Daughter of the abovesaid Joseph Banks, who died the 9th day of November, 1804, in the 18th Year of her Age. Also John Banks, who died January 26th, 1849, Aged 59 Years. On the adjoining stone tiie above inscription, relating to the Banks's family, is reproduced verbatim et literatim except the last item of John Banks's, and has in place the following relating to Joseph Banks : — Also of Joseph Banks, Father of the above Children, who departed this Life 26th May, 1822, in the 63rd Year of his Age. Here lies interred the body of Hannah the wife of John Hutchinson, of Pudsey, who died October the 23rd, 1760, Aged 23 Years. Also the Body of Betty, his Daughter, who died September y= 9th, 1 766 m ye 7th Year of her Age. ALL SAINTS' BURLa.L GROUND. 6l Also Hannah, his Daughter, who died July ye 31st, 1767, in the 3rd week of her Age. Here also lies the body of Ann, the wife of the abovesaid John Hutchinson, who died December the 15th, 1768, Aged 32 Years. Also Hannah, wife of ye above John, died March the 6th, 1789, in the 34th Year of her Age. Here lies the body of James Fletcher, of Pudsey, who dyed the 13th day of June, •759) I" 'he 20th Year of his Age. Also the body of John Fletcher, who died January the 8th, 1773, Aged 52 Years. Also Sarah, the wife of the abovesaid John Fletcher, who departed this life September the 6th, 1786, in the 60th Year of her Age. Here lieth the Body of Anne, Daughter of the Revd. Mr. Maurice, of Pudsey, who died July the 12th, 1772, aged 16 Years. Here also lies interr'd the Body of the said Revd. Mr. Maurice, late Minister at the Dissenting Chapel in Pudsey, who departed this Life July 1st, 1773, in the 49th Year of his Age. Here also lies the Body of Elizabeth, the Daughter of the said Revd. Mr. Maurice, who departed this life the 22nd Day of Novr., 1773, in the 3rd Year of her Age. Mr. Maurice was the grandfather of the late distinguished Professor Maurice, who died a few years ago. Here was interr'd the Body of Benjn. HinchlifTe, of Pudsey. He died September the 27th, 1780, Aged 63 Years. Also Mary, wife of the above Benjn. She died March 21st, 1789, Aged 74 years. Also near this place lieth the remains of John, of ye above Benjn., he died January 14th, 1768. Also near this place lieth the remains of Rachel, Daughter of the above Benjn., she died Here lieth the Body of Jane, wife of John Brooksbank, of Pudsey, who died August the l8th, 1752, Aged 48 Years. Also here lieth the body of John, son of the abovesaid Jane Brooksbank, who died the 22nd of day of November, 1793, in the 67th Year of his Age. Also Here Lieth the body of Joseph, son of the abovesaid Jane Brooksbank, who died the nth day of April, 1793, in the 51st Year of his Age. Also Here Lieth the Body of Mary Brooksbank, the wife of the above Joseph Brooksbank. She departed this Life on the loth day of December, 1825, in the 79th Year of her Age. Here was interr'd ye Body of Joseph, son of Samuel Hincslef, of Pudsey, who dy'd the 14th day of September, 1762, in the 22nd Year of his Age. In Memory of Elizabeth, wife of Benjamin Hinchleff, of Bradford Moor Clothier, .she died December 24th, 1798, in the 64th Y'ear of her Age. Also the above Benjamin Minchliffe, who departed this life on the l6th Nov., 1825, aged 81 Years. Here lyeth the Body of Hannah, the wife of Abraham Hutchinson, of Pudsey, who departed this life the 2nd day of January, 1751, in the 33rd Year of her Age. Also the Body of Elizabeth, Daughter, who died July the 25th, 1758, Aged 17 Years. Also the Body of the abovesaid Abraham Hutchinson, who departed this Life the l8th day of April, 1793, in the 8lst Year of his Age. Also the Body of James, son of Abraham Hutchinson, junior, who departed this Life the 24th day of September, 1797, who died in his Infancy. Here Lyeth the Body of Mary, the wife of Abraham Hutchinson, of Pudsey, who departed this life the 1 8th day May. in the 72nd Year of her Age, Anno Domini, 1 728. Also the said Abraham Hutchinson, died January I7S8, in the 84th Year of his Age. John Farrer, of town, who died loth, 1788, in the Year of his Age. ... (Stone decayed. ) 62 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. In Memory of Joseph Wilson, of Fartovvn, Pudsey, who departed this Life March gth, 1813, in the 63rd Year of his Age. In Memory of Nancy, the wife of John BouUon, of Leeds, who departed this Life July 28th, 181 1, in the 41st Year of her Age. Interred Here \Villiam, son of William Karrer, he died the 23rd of April, 1752, in the 1 5th Year of his Age. Also William Farrer, the elder, who departed this Life the 24th Day of March, 1 769, in the 69th year of his Age. % Also Anne, the Daughter of the said William Farrer, and ye widow of John Darnbrough, who died April the 30th, 1785, Aged 54 Years. Also Richard, son of the said William Farrer, who departed this Life the 9th day of June, 1829, in the 87th Year of his Age. Here Lieth Interr'd the Body of Hannah, wife of Thomas Langley, of Pudsey, who departed this life the 23rd day of February in the 20tb year of her Age. Anno Domini, 1731. In Memory of Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Driver, of Pudsey, she departed this Life Decbr. 26th, 1806, in the SOth Year of Age. Also four Children, who died in their Infancy. Also of Joseph Driver, brother to the abovesaid Samuel Driver of Pudsey, who departed this Life janry. 31st, 1819, in the 80th Year of his Age. Also the above said Samuel Driver, who departed this Life on the 27th day of Octr., 1839, Aged 87 Years. Here Lyeth the Body of William Lepton, of Pudsey, who departed this life the 9 day of August, 1690. Also the Body of Grace, the wife of Mr. Joseph Dobson, of Pudsey, she died Novr. the 8th, 1758, Aged 29 Years. Also the Body of the Revd. Mr. Samuel Dobson, A.M., son of the said Mr. Joseph Dobson, who died on the 2nd March, — 77, Aged 27 Years. Here lieth Interred the Body of Joshua I,umby, of Pudsey, who departed this life the 24th day of October, 1737, about the 86th year of his Age. Here lies interred Four Sons of Joseph Dobson, of Pudsey, Gent: two called Joseph and the third William, all died very young, and John, the fourth son, died on the 28th July, 1 76 1, Aged four Years. Also Joseph Lumby, of Pudsey, died January the 6th, 1777, Aged 70 Years. Here lyeth the Body of Hope, the wife of Miles Metcalf, of Pudsey, who departed this life the first day of July, in the 56th Year of her Age, 1735. Also the Body of Miles Metcalf, Interred the nth of February, 1754, Aged 72. Also Anne, the daughter of the said Miles and Hope Metcalfe, and the widow of William Farrer lieth here Interred. She died August the 8th, 1783, Aged 76 Years. Also Elizabeth Farrer, Daughter of the abovesaid Anne, she died Janry. 1 8th, 1822, Aged 82 Years. Here was inter'd the Body of George Beaumont, of Pudsey, who departed this Life the 5th Day of November in ye year of our Lord 1768, and in the 41st Year of his Age. Also James, son of George Beaumont, junior, he died April 17th, 1796. in his 8th year Also Sarah, the Wife of George Beaumont, Tenant to John Wilmer Field, Esq., she died Feby. 22nd, 1823, in the 6ist Year of her Age. Also of the abovesaid George Beaumont, who departed this life on the I2th day of January, 1S36, aged 73 Years. In Memorj' of Hannah, Daughter of John and Nancy Crampton, of Pudsey, who departed this Life on the 9th day of September, 1 78 1, in the 2nd Year of her Age. Also Hannah, Daughter of the abovesaid Parents, who departed this Life the 6th day of September, 1 792, in the 3rd Year of her Age. Also Hannah Maria, Daughter of the abovesaid Parents, who departed this Life the Sth day of March, 1802, in the 2nd Year of her Age. ALL saints' burial GROUND. 63 Also Nancy, wife of John Cramplon, she departed this Life, May 27th, 1808, in the 46th Year of her Age. Here lies the Body of John Binns, of Pudsey, who died Feb. 5, 1786, A.E 63. Also the Body of Sarah, the Daughter of his Nephew, John Binns, she Died 2nd .Sepr., 1787, A. E. i. To the Memory of Alice, the wife of Joshua Town, of Pudsey, who died the 27th d.iy of October, 1777, in the 79th Year of her Age. In Memory of Samuel BoySj^Pudsey, who died April the 7th, 1 797, Aged 59 Years. Also Hannah, wife of the above Samuel Boys, she died July 27th, 1801, in the 51st Year of her Age. Also Samuel Boys, Grandson of the abovesaid Samuel and Hannah Boys. He died loth December, 1814, in the 7th Year of his Age. Also of John Boys, son of the alxjve, who departed this Life on the 14th day of Jany. 1839, in the 62nd Year of his Age. Also of Sarah, wife of the above John Boys, who died Febry. 2Ist, 1857, in her 80th Year. In Memory of William, son of Joseph and Hannah Hutchinson, of Pudsey Littlemoor, who departed this Life Sepr. 13th, 1807, Aged 8 Years. Also John, Aged I year. Also Hannah, the wife of the abovesaid Joseph Hutchinson, who departed this Life Sep. 13th, 1819, in the 63rd Year of her Age. Also Joseph Hutchinson, Husband of the abovesaid Hannah Hutchinson, and Father of the aforesaid Children, he departed this Life on the 13th day of December, 1827, Aged 71 years. Here lieth interr'd the Body of Richard Sugden, of Tiresal, he died February the 2nd, 1780, Aged 21 years. Here was Interr'd the Body of William Whitley, of Pudsey, who died September the l8th, 1775, in ye 64th Year of his Age. Also Sarah, his Daughter, died April 9th, 1 761, in ye Year of her Age. In Memory of Hannah, Daughter of William and Ann Norton, of Pudsey, she departed this Life January 17th, 1792, in the 3rd Year of her Age. Also of Mary, Daughter of the above William and Ann Norton. .She departed this Life May 20th, 1798, in the 1st Year of her Age. Likewise of Henry, Son of the alx)ve William and Ann Norton ; he departed this Life And of Ruth, Daughter of the above William and Ann Norton, she died August 23rd, 1803, in the 19th year of her Age. Also of John, son of the abovesaid William and Ann Norton, who departed this Life June 21st, l8l2, in the 36th Year of his Age. And also of the alxivesaid William Norton, who departed this Life May 2Ist, 1814, in the 65th Year of his Age. Also Ann, wife of the aljove, she departed this Life Augxist 6th, 1815, in the 68th Year of her Age. In Memory of four Children of James and Martha Harrison, of Pudsey, who died in their Infancy. Also Martha, Mother of the above Children, who died the 26th Day of March, in the Year 1807, Aged 36 Years. In Memory of Elizabeth, the Wife of William Crampton, of Pudsey, who died Jan. 25th, 1792, in the 35th Year of her Age. Here was Interred the Body of Ann, wife of Joseph Boys, of Pudsey, who De- parted this Life May 21st, 1792, Aged 72 Years. Also Nancy, Daughter of Joseph Boys, who Departed this Life February the nth, 1 795, in tbe 34th Year of her Age. Also Joseph Boys, Died March 19th, 1797. Aged 67 Years. In Memory of John, Son of Thomas and Mary Hustler, who Departed this Life on the 2nd day of June, 1815, Aged 12 years. Here was Interr'd the body of George Brogden, of Pudsey, who Departed this Life the 27th day of Deceml«;r, 1783, in the S3rd Year of his Age. 64 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Here lieth Interr'd the body of Mary, the Daughter of William Moss, of Pudsey, she died November the 4th, 1777, Aged 7 Years. Also here lieth the Body of William Moss, he departed this Life May 2Sth, 1807, in the 66th Year of his Age. Also Hannah, wife of the above said William Moss, she departed this Life August 22nd, 1809, in the 66th Year of her Age. Here lies Interr'd the Body of Betty, the wife of Matthew Dufton, who De- parted this Life the 28th day of April, 1788, in the 48th Year of her Age. In Memory of Sarah, the wife of William Cauthery, of Pudsey, she departed this Life March 15th, 1808, in the 53rd Year of her Age. Also the abovesaid William Cauthery, who departed this life on the 13th day of Tune, 1825, in the 73rd Year of his Age. In Memory of James Hutchinson, of Rocker-lane, who departed this Life the 25th day of December, 1787, in the 46th Year of his Age. Also of Mary, Daughter of the abovesaid James Hutchinson, who departed this Life the 17th day of May, 1788, in the 6th Year of her Age. Also of Mary, the wife of James Hutchinson, Son of the abovementioned James Hutchinson, who departed this Life Aug. the 7th, 1811, in the 43rd Year of her Age. Also Thomas, Son of the Last-mentioned James Hutchinson, who departed this Life Novr. the 4th, 1801, in the 4th Year of his Age. Also of three others, Thomas, Matthew, and John, who died in their Infancy. Elieu, quam tenui pendent mart ilia filo. Here was interred the Body of Joseph Hutchinson, of Pudsey, who departed this life the 14th day of August, 1773, in the 57th Year of his Age. Also Palley, Daughter of Joseph Hutchinson, Junior, died August the llth, 1777, in the 2nd. Year of her age. Also Hannah, the Wife of the abovesaid Joseph Hutchinson, Junior, she died May 15th, 1786, in the 67th Year of her Age. Also George, Son of the above Joseph Hutchinson, Junior, he died September 28th, 17S7, Aged 4 Years. Here Lieth Interr'd the Body of Hannah, Wife of Thomas Langley, of Pudsey, who departed this Life the 23rd day of February, in the 20th Year of her Age. Anno Domini, 173 1. In Memory of Elizabeth, Wife of William Farrer, of Pudsey, Back lane, who died Deer, the 7th, 1779, Age 55 years. Also, the above-named William Farrer, who died June the 13th, 1797, Aged 75 Years. Also of William Farrer, Son of the abovesaid, who departed this life on the 27th day of May, 181 6, in the 66th Year of his age. Also Nancy, Wife of the abovesaid William Farrer, she departed this life on the 7th day of December, 1821, aged 55 years. Also Mary, the Wife of William Farrer, who departed this life Sepr. 6th, 1853, aged 66 years. Also, the last-named William Farrer, who died Sepr. 19th, 1858, aged 71 Years. Here lieth Interr'd the Body of Mr. Jacob Simpson, Surgeon, of Leeds, who departed this Life the 14th day of August, 1738, Aged 73 Years. Also Robert Carlyle, great, great Grand Son of the above Jacob Simpson, who departed this Life the 20th February, 1812, in the Seventh Year of his AGE. Near to the tombstone of Jacob Simpson, is a tombstone to a " Son of John Hey," the remaining part of the inscription is illegible. In Memory of Mary, the Wife of John Farrer, of Littlemoor, Pudsey, who departed this Life the 2nd day of May, 1795, aged 70 Years. Also Richard Farrer, Son of the alxjvesaid John and Mary Farrer, who de- parted this life the 27th Day of April, 1799, in the 52nd Year of his Age. ALL SAINTS' BURIAL GROUND. 65 Also John Farrer, of Pudsey, Littlemoor, Husband of the abovesaid Mary Farrer, who departed this Life June i8th, 1804, Aged *o Years. Here was Interr'd yc Body of the Revd. Benjamin Bayley, Clerk, who died August ye 5th, in the 53rd Year of his Age. Anno. Dom. 1 762. And in ye 26th Year of his Ministry at this Chapell. Also the body of Benjn. his son, who died June ye 27th, 1761, in y« Sth Year of his Age. Also Penelope, his Wife, and Daughter of Thomas Fearnlfy, late of Birstal, who departed this Life the 1st Day of November. Anno Dom. 1772, in the 52 Year of her Age. Here lies interr'd the body of the Revd. John Wainman, Minister at the Dis- senting Chapel, in Pudsey, who died June the loth, 1770. AE 64. Resurgam. Mr. Wainman was a native of Bingley, and was minister of Pudsey about 42 years, having commenced his ministry in 1727 or 28. His wife, who was a native of Bramley, and two children were buried at Bramley Chapel, the former in 1755, the latter in 1751 and 1756. In Memory of Rebekah, the Wife of Abraham Pearson, of Pudsey, she de- parted this life October the 14th, 1779, Aged 47 Years. Also Joseph Pearson, Son of the abovementioned Abrm. and Rebekah Pearson, who died Octr. 29th, 1779, aged 16 Years. And likewise the above mentioned Abm. Pearson, he died May the 24th, 1809, in the 76 Year of his Age. In Memory of Matthew, Son of John Tunnicliffe, Junr., and Esther, his Wife, of Pudsey, who departed this life Feby. 3rd, 1 84 1, in the Sth Year of Age Here was interr'd the Body of Anne, the Wife of Matthew Moss, of Pudsey, who departed this life April the 28th, 1765, in the 34th Year of her Age. Also Matthew Moss. Husband of the abovesaid Anne, who departed this Life July the 1st, 1784, in the 53rd Year of his Age. Also here was interr'd the Body of Tristram, Son of the abovesaid Matthew and Anne Moss, who departed this Life the loth day of January. 1804, in the 40th Year of his Age. In Memory of Samuel, Son of Benjamin Farrer, of Pudsey, he died April 15th, 1789, Aged 50 Years. Also of Ann, wife of the above, who departed this Life Octr. 23rd, 1814, in the 71st Year of her Age. In Memory of Hannah Farrer. wife of Benjamin Farrer, Pudsey, who departed this Life August loth, 184S, in the 83rd Year of her Age. Also tfie abovesaid Benjamin Farrer, who died August 29th, 1855, in the 92nd Year of his Age. In Memory of Ann, Wife of Samuel Farrer, of Huff-side, in the township of Pudsey, who departed this life on the 22nd day of ."-eptember, 1819, Aged 76 Years. Also of Joshua, Son of the abovesaid Samuel and Ann Farrer, who departed this life on the I5lh day of April, 1828, in the 49th Year of his Age. Also of the abovesaid Samuel Farrer, who departed this life on the 15th day of June, 1829, in the 80th Year of his Age. Also of John, Son of the abovesaid Samuel and Ann Farrer, who departed this life on the 1 8th day of August, 1 832, Aged 62 Years. In Memory of Thomas, Son of William Greaves, of Pudsey, he died November 27th, 1737, Aged 4 Years. Here lies interr'd the Body of Mary, Daughter of Joseph Couper, of Pudsey, who died the 12th day of October, 1787, in the 3rd Year of her Age. Also the Body of Rachel, the daughter of the above Joseph Couper, who died November the 12th, 1788, in the 2nd Year of her Age. Also Matthew, died June 4th, 1796, in the 8th Year of his Age. K 66 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Also Rachel, died June 25th, 1 796, in her 2nd Year of her Age. Also Rachel, Wife of Joseph Cooper, who departed this life February iSth, 1826, in the 70th Year of her Age. Also of the above Joseph Cooper, who departed this life on the 27th day of April, 1837, Aged 84 Years. John, Son of Joseph Rayner, of Pudsey, Interred April nth, 1714, Aged 2 Years. Also Joseph, his 2nd son. Interred Octoljer y= 29th, 1718, Aged 5 Years. Adjacent lies Joshua Rayner, of Tong, Interred February ye 6th, Aged about 75 \ears, 1721. Here lies allso Interred the Body of Joseph Driver, who died Februaiy the 9th, 1777, Aged 71 Years. Also the Body of William Rayner, who died November 29th, 1778, Aged 63 Years. Also the Body of Hannah Dean, Daughter of the above Joseph Driver, with her Child, who died March ye 4th, 1784, Aged 38 Years. Also Mary, Wife of Joseph Driver, who died November the 12th, 1784, Aged 74 Years. Rachel, the wife of Joseph Pearson, of Pudsey Back laine, Died of a dropsy, Jan. 3rd, after they had been marri'd 20 Years, and was interred here 4th, 1743, Aged 49 Years. But had no Child. The burial ground is at the present time surrounded with a good wall, surmounted by iron-spiked palisades, but with no gateway, or any way of ingress for those who may want to visit the old burial ground, where so many of their friends and relatives are interred. St. EafarcttCE Cljurcf) — This edifice was erected in the year 1821, at a cost of;^ 1 3,360, obtained from the sum granted by Parliament under the " Million Act." Mr. Taylor, of Leeds, was the builder, and it is of the Carpenter's Gothic style of architecture. There are massive flying buttresses and heavy battlements, pointed windows with plain mullions, and no decora- tion. The finials to the drip-stones, over the vestry door, are sculptured figures, representing grotesque heads. The stone work is very heavy, and the footing and plinths are of enormous blocks of gritstone. The flying buttresses from each side of the church extend above the parapet of the lower roof, and form pinnacles. The same principle is observed in respect to the second roof, covering the middle of the church. The buttresses of the tower, which are of a tremendous thickness at the base, run up nearly to the summit of the structure, the walls of which are about four feet in thickness. The tower is surmounted by decorated pinnacles and massive battlements. The upper storey of the tower has a double row of three-light windows. The peal of eight bells, said to be one of the finest in the county, was cast by Mears, of London ; the tenor weighs about i6 cwt. They were opened with the church in 1824, and subscribed for by the inhabitants of the locality. The visitor cannot help being ST. LAWRENCE CHURCH. 67 struck with the massiveness of the church. It has been con- structed so strongly that, with no other assailant than the weather, one might expect it to stand for more than a thousand years. Tlie same impression is created when we enter the building, which is roomy and lofty, plain, but very substantial. At the east end of the church there is a double five-light pointed window, with plain mullions. It is filled with stained glass, and the subjects are very artistically and beautifully carried out. Each light contains a memorial of the departed. In the upper St. Lawrence Church. row the first refers to St. Matthew, and it bears the following inscription : In memory of Thomas Banks, born Oct. 7, 1779, died Sept. 2, 1851. The second refers to St. Mark, and it has the following inscription : In memory of Mary Maria Jefferson, bom Feby. 22, 1797 ; died April 18, 1865. The third, or centre light, has a representation of the Ascen- sion, and it bears the following inscription : In memory of Thomas Farrar, Esq., of Grove House, Pudsey, who died January 17, 1867, aged 74 years. ■68 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. The fourth light refers to i St. Luke, and has the following inscription : In memory of William Beaumont, who died June 26, 1865, aged 72. The fifth light refers to St. John, and has the following inscription : In affectionate remembrance of Robert Beaumont, solicitor, who died April 20, 1856, aged 30. The first light on the bottom row refers to St. Peter, and bears the following inscription : In memory of John Halliday, who died January 15, 1871, aged 61 years ; and Martha, his wife, who died Dec. 25, 1869, aged 59 years. The second refers to St. Paul, and bears the following .inscription : In memory of Harriet, wife of Henry Beaumont, she died shortly after the birth of her first child, Oct. 20, 1869, aged 25. The third, or centre light, has a represention of the Cruci- fixion, with the following inscription : To the Glory of God and in memory of the Rev. David Jenkins, 42 years in- cumbent of Pudsey, died August 14, 1854, aged 65 years. The fourth light refers to St. James, and has the following inscription : In memory of James Beaumont who died March 13th, 1869, aged 53 ; and of Martha, his wife, who died September 7, 1846, aged 33. The fifth light refers to St. Jude, and bears the following inscription : In memory of Joshua Armitage, who died January 8, 1866, aged 81 years ; and of Hannah, his wife, who died F'ebruary 10, 1869, aged 84 years. Underneath there is a handsome reredos of Caen stone, consisting of nine niches, pointed with decorated trefoil heads. To the left two of the panels contain the Lord's Prayer and the Apostle's Creed, and to the right two panels contain the Ten Commandments. In the centre there is a cross and the Lamb. On each side there are beautifully designed vases, containing corn, the vine, and the passion flower, these being tastefully coloured. Another of the panels contains a representation of the eagle feeding its young with the blood from its breast. Covering the communion table is a neatly-wrought cloth of plain texture, but possessing a handsome border, a creditable specimen of home work at the vicarage. The chancel is very narrov/, though lofty, and if extended further east, it would certainly effect a very important improvement to the interior of the edifice. The chancel arch, which is a great height, is ST. LAWRENCE CHURCH. 69 supported by a cluster of columns at each side, having rounded capitals, but not decorated. Two large niches in the west front of the chancel wall, intended for figures, have not yet been occupied. There are five spans of arches, on the north and on the south sides of. the church. The arches are pointed, and on octagonal pillars, with plain heads, and in front of each pillar, looking from the nave, there is a small rounded pilaster running from the base to the roof Over each arch there is a two-light window, each of which lights an arch supporting a depressed roof, which is divided into ten panels. There are five three- light windows on the north and south sides of the church. They are pointed, and have plain mullions. Two side galleries are over the north and south aisles, and at the back of the west gallery there is an ornamental screen, surmounted by the royal arms, the former being part of the original reredos at the east end of the building. There is some heavy woodwork over the arches supporting the roofs of the side aisles. At the west or principal entrance to the church, between the nave and the recess underneath the flooring of the tower, there is a solid oak screen, tastefully panelled ; and in the recess, north and south, there are panels of pitch pine varnished, and the natural graining of the wood is splendid. The font is situated at the west end of the church. It has an ornamental covering, and is of modern workmanship. The church is lighted with gas, and it is warmed by the hot-air process. About two years ago the church was re-pewed by Mr. Illingworth, of Bradford. The pews are open, and made in the modern style. Previous to this alteration the body of the church did not extend beyond the fourth arch to the west, the space occupied by the fifth arch being used as a chapel. When the church was re-opened, the dividing screen was removed, and the nave was enlarged to that extent. There are now sittings for two thousand persons. At the east end of the centre aisle there is a very handsome lectern, made of light oak, which is most artistically carved. It was presented to the church by Mr. Varley, of Stanningley. On the north side of the church, near to the chancel, a splendid organ is erected. It is the work of Messrs. Brindley and Foster, organ builders, of Sheffield, and cost between j^ 1, 300 and ^^ 1,400. It was opened in the year 1873, and it gave great satisfaction to those who promoted the purchase of it. The design is neat, and yet bold, and the tone is sweet and powerful. The bellows are worked by hydraulic 70 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. power. Mr. Walter Kenyon is the organist. Formerly there was an organ loft over the west gallery, but it has been removed. The following is a description of the organ : — GREAT ORGAN. Compass C C to G. I. Double Open Diapason PEDAL ORGAN. Compass C C C to F. 1. Major Bass 2. Sub Bass . . . 3. Principal Bass 4. Flute Bass 5. Quint Bass 6. Trombone 7. Trumpet Bass wood wood metal wood wood metal metal feet metal ... 16 2. Open Diapason ... metal ... 8 3- Gamba metal ... 8 4- RohrGedact.wood or metal ... 8 5- Harmonic Flute, wood and metal ... 4 6. Principal metal ... 4 7- Twelfth metal ... 3 8. Fifteentli metal ... 2 9- Mixture, 4 ranks... metal 10. Posaune metal ... 8 feet 16 16 8 8 io| 16 8 SWELL ORGAN. Compass C C to G. feet I. Lieblich Bourdon metal and wood .. . 16 2. Open Diapason . . metal .. 8 3- Rohr Gedact metal .. 8 4- Vox Angelica . metal .. . 8 Wald Flute . wood . . 4 6. Principal ... . metal 4 7. Fifteenth metal .. 2 8. Mixture, 3 ranks.. . metal 9- Contra Fagotti . . metal .. 16 10. Cornopean . metal . . ,8 n. Oboe .. . metal .. '8 12. Clarion . metal 4 CHOIR ORGAN. Compass C C to G. I. Lieblich Gedact wood and metal . metal . , metal . . 2. Dulciana ... 3. Salcional ... 4. Gedact wood and metal 5. Flauto Tra verso ... metal 6. Lieblich Flute ... metal 7. Piccolo ... .. metal 8. Clarionet and Bassoon metal feet 16 8 8 8 4 4 2 8 COUPLERS. 1. Swell to Great 2. Swell to Choir 3. Swell to Pedal Great to Pedal Choir to Pedal Pedal Action 10 Composition Pedals. SUMMARY OF PIPES. Great Organ. Swell Organ . Choir Organ . Pedal Organ . 728 pipes 772 ., 436 243 2,179 At the south side of the church, near to the chancel, there is a spacious surplice vestry, which is separated from the body of the church by a grained screen. In the surplice vestry we find ST. LAWRENCE CHURCH. 7 1 the only mural monument which the building contains. It bears the following inscription : — To the memory of Joseph Banks of Pudsey who entered into his rest on the 20th day of October 1858 at the age of 46. This monument is erected by his friends in affectionate rememberance of his humble patient and truly christian demeanour in every relation of life, and especially as a memorial of his zeal, devotion and untiring labours as the superintendent of the Redcliffe Lane Sunday School during a period of twenty-eight years. Then there is the quotation of the text from Revelation 14 ch. and 13th verse. On the west wall there is a list of benefactions, painted on wood, and it reads as follows : — James Lupton, gentleman, 6th Nov. 1715 devised a close called Dick Royd to Trustees upon trust to pay;^3 annually to a Dissenting Minister settled in Pudsey, the residue of the rent thereto to such poor persons as being legally settled and subsist without the town's allowance. Mr. Gibson gave £40 to the poor of Pudsey which same is in the town's hand. The interest of it is dealt by the Overseers at the school every New Year's Day. Mr. Whiteley gave a rent charge of los. out of the Old Fold and lands adjoining now the estate of Mr. W. Farrer and Elizabeth and Mary Pearson. Gervase Nevile Esq of Holbeck, 13th May 1726 bequeathed £5 to the use of the poor of Pudsey the interest thereof to be distributed in bread half-yearly in Pudsey Chapel. Mr. Jacob Simpson surgeon of Leeds in the year 1737 gave ;^icio the interest to be applied to use of poor housekeepers and the Education of poor children at the dis- cretion of Mr. Richard Hey. Mr. Gregory Milner gave twenty shillings yearly to the curate of Pudsey Chapel. Mr. Peter Turner left by will £2 yearly to the said curate. In 1 7 10 the intakes were enclosed by the consent of Jno. Milnes, Esq., Walter Calverley, Esq. , and the freeholders of Pudsey. Mr. Kent gave ;£^loo, by subscription ;f 100, Queen Anne's Bounty ;^2oo with which ;£^400 purchase was made of lands in Bramley and Pudsey in 1736 for augmentation of this living. Henry Senior, „, , , Robert Parkinson, Churchwardens. In the north side of the churchyard there is a very hand- somely decorated monument, which is enclosed with iron railings. The monument is of a costly character, and is beautifully executed in design. It bears the following inscription : — Sacred to the memory of Alice, the wife of Jonas Rayner, drysalter, of Pudsey, who died April 3, 1853, aged 29 years. Christ is all. Near to the last-named there is a large stone monument sur- mounted by a representation of a chalice and pall. There are four panels, three of which bear inscriptions relating to the interments of the Stowe family. On the south panel there is the following inscription : — Sacred to the memory of Fredk. Stowe of West Field House Bramley, who departed this life 22nd of August 1856, aged 58. A massive polished granite headstone bears the following : — In memory of John Wade, cloth manufacturer, Littlemoor, Pudsey, born March 18, 1822 ; died August 8th, 1866. 72 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. In connection with a tombstone, to be found near to the footway on the south side of he church, there is a very remarkable and interesting story. Opposite to the church there is a spacious house, at one time occupied by Mr. Clarkson, the curator. It was formerly the dwelling of Mr. Carlyle, who had " one fair daughter, whom he loved passing well." A " young palmer in love's eye " named Joseph Blackburn, had won her affections. They had, how- ever, some difficulty in conversing together, because her father was determinedly opposed to the match. His passion was aroused whenever he heard the subject mentioned. Nevertheless, woman's ingenuity prevailed, and when the father thought that his household were a-bed, his daughter was exchanging her vows of eternal affection for the man she had chosen to be her future partner. There was a wide head-stone to the kitchen window. Young Blackburn was accustomed to climb up to that place. He stood on the head-stone and supported himself by taking hold, with his hands, of the sill of the window belonging to his fair Juliet's bedroom. There they pledged their affections. On one unlucky night, when the moon was shining brightly, old Mr. Carlyle thought he heard suspicious sounds outside the house. They were caused by young Blackburn climbing to the head- stone. He listened and at last came to the conclusion that burglars were at work. Seizing an old sword, he rushed to the kitchen, and through the window he saw the form of a man climbing up the wall. He thrust the sword through the top pane of glass, and sent the blade through the bowels of the unfortunate young Blackburn, just as he had clutched the sill of the bedroom window at which his lady-love was waiting to receive him. Blackburn died of his wounds soon afterwards in the presence of his sweetheart. Her father was not punished, the law con- sidering that there was no malicious intent to injure Blackburn, but, thinking he was attacking a burglar, Carlyle's offence became one of justifiable homicide. On the tomb alluded to there is the following inscription : — In memory of Joseph Blackburn, who died on the 25th day of May, 1826, aged 31 years. Sharp was the stroke that did appea Which took my life away, O, reader, then for Heaven prepare On earth you cannot stay, The moon gave light, he took sight Through the top pane I lost my life. It is said that afterwards the house was haunted ; noises like the slamming of doors were heard in the night, and the inmates ST. LAWRENCE CHURCH. 73 had often been disturbed from their rest. For eight months a poHceman lodged in the house. One morning he inquired if anybody had left their bedroom in the night. Being answered in the negative, he expressed his suprise, for he declared that one of the doors had been slammed so forcibly against the casement that he thought somebody was knocking it down. A heated imagination had more to do with the noises than the ghost of the unfortunate young Blackburn. His brother still resides on property belonging to the family in Pudsey. On an old-fashioned tomb the following reference is made to the death of one of the " clerks in holy orders" at this church : — In memory of the Rev. David Jenkins, incumbent of Pudsey, who departed this life August 21, 1854, in the 68th year of his age and the 43rd year of his ministry at Pudsey ; also of Harriett wife of Uavid Jenkins, clerk, the incumbent of Pudsey, who died 17th April 1824, aged 36. Christ is all and in all. The following ludicrous epitaph is on the tomb of Joseph AUott, smith, of Pudsey, who died January 19, 1850, aged 57 : — My stithy and hammer I declined. My bellows too have lost their wind, My tire's extinguished, and my forge decayed, And in the dust my vice is laid ; My coals is spent, my iron is gone, My last nail's driven, my work is done. The above is almost a copy from an old tombstone in Staly- bridge (old St. George's) churchyard. When the roof of the church at Pudsey was being slated, a serious and fatal accident happened. Its nature is explained in the following inscription cut upon a slate headstone, at the west side of the churchyard : — In memory of John Johnson, blue slater, a native of Bowness in Westmoreland, who unfortunately lost his life by a fall at this church on the 6th day of August. 1823, aged 23 years. This stone is erected as a tribute of respect to his memory by his employers, namely, Messrs. Heavyside and Rennison of Leeds, blue slaters. On a tombstone over Mrs. Boys is the following epitaph : — Respected by many, hated by few Lived .Seventy-one years and then bid adieu Another tomb records the decease of the daughter of John and Ann Halliday, of Pudsey Lowtown, which event happened on the 17th of July, 1831, at the age of 14 years. There is the following epitaph : — Early my race on earth was run My parents' darling, I Escaped the pains beneath the sun To reign with Christ on high. The church, as we have already indicated, is dedicated to St. Lavvrence — the patron saint of the curriers, because his skin was broiled on a gridiron. In the pontificate of Sextus I., he L 74 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. was charged with the care of the poor, the orphans, and the widows. In the prosecution of Valerian, being summoned to deliver up the treasures of the Church, he produced the poor, etc., under his charge, and said to the praetor, " These are the Church's treasures." In Christian art he is generally represented holding a gridiron in his hand. He is the subject of one of the principal hymns of Prudentius. The living is a vicarage worth ^300 a year, with vicarage house added. There have been only three ministers, the Rev. David Jenkins, who was incum- bent at the old chapel and new church from 18 14 to 1854, a period of forty years ; the Rev. Henry John Graham, M.A., and the Rev. R. B. Thompson.* Mr. Graham commenced his ministry in 1854, and remained until 1882, when he resigned, on account of failing health. On leaving Pudscy the rev. gentleman was presented with a .service of silver plate and a timepiece, as a token of the admiration and esteem in which he was held by his parishioners. During Mr. Graham's term of Rev. d. Jenkins. office,+ the incumbency was raised to a vicarage. It is in the gift of the Vicar of Calverley, who, in 1882, offered the living to the Rev. R. B. Thompson, the present esteemed minister. He had previously held curacies at Longwood and Kirkburton, and for six years was vicar of Thurstonland, all in Yorkshire. Mr. Thompson holds evangelical views, is a thoroughly earnest minister, a good visitor and preacher, and a useful member of the School Board. Mr. Thompson came to Pudsey from the Parish of St. Giles- in-the-Fields, London, where he was engaged in mission work under Canon Nesbit, the rector. CURATES. 1843-51 Rev. William Lee Howarth, B.A. ,, Geo. Robinson, St. Bees' Coll. 1869, Feby. 21 „ John Cartman, Trin. Coll., Dublin. * During Mr. Jenkins' incumbency, James Gambles did penance in the church for having insulted the incumbent by calling him up during the night under the pretence that he was wanted to i;o to pray with his wife, which was done for a '" lark,'' and in order to stay law proceedings James consented to do penance t On the death of the Rev. Alfred Brown, M.A., Vicar of Calverley. ST. PAUL'S CHURCH. 75 1873, Sep. 21 Rev. Thomas Patterson MuUins, B.A., Trin., Coll. Dublin. 1878, Dec. 21 „ Henry Lister, London Div. College. 1882, Dec. 27 „ Matthew Shaw. 1884, Dec. 13 ,, Donald Tate Milligan, B.A., Trin. Coll., Dublin. 1885, July 6 „ Daniel Thomas. ,, ,, 28 ,, Augustus Inman Gibson. In January, 1884, the old town's school at Littlemoor, was opened as a mission room in connection with St. Lawrence Church. The .school had undergone a thorough renovation, and been made suitable for the purposes of the mission. In 1885, a second mission church was opened in Waterloo, where cottage meetings had been held for some time. On Saturday afternoon, July 25th, two corner stones for the erection of an iron church, to be called St. James's Mission Church, were laid in the presence of a large concourse of spectators. The proceedings were under the management of the Rev. R. B. Thompson, the Vicar, and, after singing and prayer, silver trowels and polished mallets were presented to Mrs. J. H. Dawson and Miss Harriet T. Beaumont, with which they laid the corner stones. The building is in the shape of a cross. Along the arms of this cross the width of the building will be about forty-eight feet. The pews and roof are of ordinary pitch-pine. The church cost .^400, and will seat 250 people. There is a small but powerful organ in one corner of the chancel. The erection is surmounted by a spire and belfry, with bell. A beautiful communion service was presented to the church by Mr. John Keenan, of Bramley, and a brass alms dish, presented by Mrs. Thompson. There is also a table and an altar desk, presented by the Rev. D. T. Milligan, who has charge of the mission ; a font by Mr. Thorpe, of Chapeltown ; reredos by Miss H. T. Beaumont, and other gifts, from Mrs. Armitage, Mrs. Moss, Mr. John Halliday, and Mr. George Armitage. ^t. Paul's, ^ufisci),* is an ecclesiastical parish, formed 9 June, 1846,+ from the parish of Calverley. The church was built in 1853, and consecrated by the Bi.shop of Ripon, on 18 June, 1856.5; The register dates from 1856. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £iSO, and is in the gift ot the crown and the Bishop of Ripon alternately. The population of the parish is about 2,500. The church is close to Stanningley Station, and is a neat ' The /fjj/rt/ address is St. Paul's, Stanningley. t Lundon Oazette^ 19 June, 1846, pp. 2133-4-5-6. iS For an account of the speeches, see The Leeds Intelligencer^ 21 June, 1856. 76 HISTORY OF PUDSEV. stone building in the early English style of architecture. It con- sists of a nave, 65ft. 6in. long, and 24ft. 6in. wide ; north and south transepts, each 22ft. 4in. by i8ft. 3in., opening into the nave by lofty arches ; chancel, 21ft. by 22ft. 3in. ; south porch ; tower at the N.W. angle of the nave and north transept ; vestry at the S.E. angle of the chancel and south transept. There are four pendant lights in the nave, one in each transept, and four standards on the choir stalls. There is a small gallery for St. Paurs Church. children at the west end of the nave, and an organ chamber on the north side of the chancel, which opens into the nave by an arch. The tower is surmounted by a broad spire, and the height of the tower and spire is 90ft. The windows in the north and south sides of the nave, transepts, and chancel, are narrow single lancets. The chancel window is a triplet with foiled heads, under one hood-mould. The west window has four lancets and ST. PAUL'S CHURCH. 77 super-imposed quatre-foil and hood-mould. The north and south entrance doors have lancet heads. There is also a vesica light in the cast gable. All the roofs are opened and gabled ; they are made with arched ribs, which spring from stone corbels ; where the transepts intersect the nave, the roof has diagonal ribs. All the seats are free. The pulpit stands on a stem, and is placed on the north side of the chancel arch. The chancel floor is raised two steps, and the sacrarium one step. The whole of the roof-timbers, seats, communion-rails, pulpit, desk, and all the wood fittings in the interior, except the new choir stalls, are of deal, stained. The stone-work is of hammer- dressed wallstones, with stone dressings to the windows, doors, buttresses, porch, tower lights, etc. The whole structure is plain, but substantial. The church will seat 550 persons, and yet it originally cost less than ^^1,300. The architects were Messrs. Perkin and Backhouse, of Leeds. The north side of the church is enclosed by neat iron railing, upon a stone plinth ; and upon the south side is a small grave-yard. During 1885 and 1886 considerable improvements were made in the church. New oak choir stalls, a new choir vestry, a new communion table, and new warming apparatus were pro- vided. Tiles were laid in the chancel and the interior was decorated. A new organ, costing about £2.00, built by Mr. J. Murgatroyd, of Bradford, was placed in the church. New chalice, paten, and ornaments for the communion table (costing ;^3o) were given. A new school, to accommodate about 400 adults at a meet- ing, and a corresponding number of children for Sunday school, was erected in 1885 upon a portion of the glebe adjoining the vicarage, at a cost of about ;^6oo. The architect was Mr. G. C. Gamble, of Bradford. The sum of ;^ 1,200 was asked for by the new vicar and churchwardens for the purpose of these alterations, and the fact that this sum has been all raised speaks much for the congrega- tion's lively interest in church work. VICARS OF ST. PAUL'S, PUDSEY. Instituted 1846 Rev. George Marshall, B.A., Trin. Coll., Dublin, M.A., 1844 ; Deacon, 1844; Pr.. 1845 ; d. 25 Nov. 1884, cet. 6r. Instituted 1884, April 10, Rev. Montagu Cyril Bickersteth, of New Coll., Ox- ford, B.A., iSsi ; M.A., 1883; Deacon, 1882; Pr., 1883; from All Saints', Bradford. CURATE. Instituted 1S86. Aug. 5, Rev. Francis W. Toms, of Exeter Coll., Oxford, B.A., 1879 ; M.A., 1881 ; Deacon, 1880; Priest, 1S82. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 79 CHURCHWARDENS. From 1866. — Messrs. J. E. Strickland, James Bennett, Enoch Burrows, Thos. Henry Peel, Thos. Child, Geo. Gordon, Richard Shepherd. John Holdsworth, Jonathan Whitaker, F.dward Barraclough, John Metcalfe, Thomas Harrison, J. Greaves, L. Varley, Nathan Halliday, John Atkinson, Fred. Waterford, C. E. Vickers, VVm. Rodger, T. Sunderland, Wm. Harrison Boyes, James Rider, John Holdsworth, Chas. Newby, William King, Jos. Sunderland, C. B. Vickers, J. B. Knowles, J. J. Barraclough. SIDESMEN. Messrs. F. Strickland, J. Stake, Benj. Verity, Jas. Waterhouse, W. Hains- worth, J. K. B. Armitage, J. J. Barraclough, W. H. Vickers, T. Barnes, A. Harman, G. R. Smith, C. E. Vickers. Congregational Cl^uccI). — The history of the Independent or Congregational Church at Pudsey shows that it can take its rank amongst the oldest of the Protestant Nonconformist Churches of the West Riding of Yorkshire. Its origin is clearly traceable to the memorable year of 1662, when we are told 2,000 ministers were compelled to leave the Established Church, and to abandon all their hopes and prospects in life for the sake of principle and conscience. At that time, and for nearly fifty years before, the village of Pudsey was blest by the labours of a zealous, faithful, and honoured minister of Christ, in the person of the Rev. Elkanah Wales, M.A., who was born at Idle, in 1588. Having been educated at Cambridge, he accepted the poor curacy of the Chapel at Pudsey, in 1614, and laboured faithfully until he was ejected in 1662.* Though Mr. Wales was forced away, there still remained another one, able and willing to carry on the work in which he had been engaged, viz.: — The Rev. James Sale, who was born at Pudsey, in 1619. He became assistant minister at St. John's Church, Leeds, and was ejected in 1662. His wife was one of the Richardsons of North Bierley. Faith, the daughter of Mr. Sale, married the Rev. Thomas Sharp, who was minister at Adel Church until 1662, when he was ejected. Another of the daughters of Mr. Sale, Beatrix, was married to the Rev. Richard Hutton, of Pudsey. After his ejectment from Leeds he preached constantly in his own house .it Pudsey, and after the Declaration of Indulgence in 1672, his house was registered as a preaching place for the Nonconformists. Oliver Heywood was a frequent visitor at his house, as he records in his interesting diary. Whilst he resided at Pudsey, he was one of the four ministers who preached at Mill Hill Presbyterian Chapel, Leeds. " He was a learned and good man, of fine parts, and an excellent preacher," says Calamy's • For further particulars respecting Mr. Wales, see pp. 47-50. OLD INDEPENDENT CHAPEL. 8 1 Nonconformist Memorial. He died at his own house* at Pudsey, after a lingering disease on the 17th of April, 1679, and was buried in the south aisleofCalverley Church, wherehis tombstone may still be seen. His widow, Beatrix Sale, and several of their children are also buried there.-f At this early period, the religious meetings of Nonconfor- mists were generally held in private houses, though sometimes, but not often, their preachers were allowed to preach in the churches or chapels of the Establishment. Mr. Heywood writes, — On the Saturday night (Nov. 9, 1667), I preacht at a gentleman's house at Pudsey. Jan. 30, '68-9, my wife and 1 went to Pudsey, there I preacht on the Lord's day without disturbance in the chapel, had a numerous congregation, and much assistance. Oh blessed day. In March, he again preached in the chapel to " a mighty confluence of people." After being disturbed by the constable and church-warden at Bramley, Dec, 27, 1670, he "visited Mr. Milner at Pudsey, preacht that night at Rich : Farrars, lodged at Grace Balmes, and the day after, being Thursday, I called of Mr. Saile and came home." At mo.st of their meetings, these congregations had the fear of being disturbed by constables. Referring to the persecutions and annoyances to which the Nonconformists were subject, and after some remarks on the great success of his ministry, Mr. Heywood wrote on June 23, 1673, Indeed I am willing to believe that God drew me forward to preach abroad at Hunslet, Bramley, Farsley, Pudsey, Morley, and Idle, in public, when multitudes of people flocked together to hear, and were affected at a time when none did or durst venture on the imiwrtant work of preaching the Gospel, also in private houses in various places. Soon after this, the persecution of the Nonconformists was carried to the utmost extent. The king, Charles H., issued his commands to the justices, "to use their utmost endeavours to suppress all conventicles and meetings upon pretence of religious worship." Bishop Burnet says in his History of his own Times, — The persecution of the Dissenters was carried very high in 1684. They were not only proceeded against for going to conventicles, but for not going to church, and for not receiving the Sacrament. * There is an old house situated at Greentop, Pudsey, which I believe was Mr. Sale's resi- dence. Inside one of the rooms are some heraldic designs, in stucco, which I have copied, and the initials ** I. B.S., 1651," which are undoubtedly the initials of James and Beatrix Sale. I have also examined the Parish Regi.sters and cannot find any other names at this period whose initials will correspond to those given. ] have had a photograph taken of the house, from which the accompanying illustration has been taken. Mr. Sale paid Hearth Tax for seven Healths in 1666, being the largest number paid for by any one person in Pudsey ; and Mr. Elk ; "Wales paid for four Hearths in the same year. t See The Brad/ord Antiquary and The Yerks/u'retfiariy also numerous entries in Hev\vood's Diaries, and Holroyd's Coilentxuea bradjordianay pp. 107 and li.f, and Callerley RegtstetSy ii. p. 192. M 82 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. In 1685, Mr. Heywood was incarcerated in York Castle, where he remained for nearly twelve months. At this time the prisons were crowded with them, and many died in confinement. The king, Charles II., died, and was succeeded by his brother, James II., who in 1688 was succeeded by William and Mary. Soon after their establishment on the throne, the renowned Toleration Act was passed, and freedom of religious worship was secured to the Dissenters by law. Meeting-houses were opened and chapels were built in various parts of the country, as the following extracts will show : — At Leeds, July, 1690, att the Quarter Sessions, the barn late Wm. Lepton's, Pudsey, was registered for preaching on application signed by Richard Hutton, Abra- ham Hainsworth, John Rudde, Richard Kfarrer. At Pontefract, April, 1694, the House of Abm. Hainsworth in Pudsey, and barn recorded for religious worship. At the Quarter Sessions at Wakefield, Oct., 1694, the House of Beatrix Sayll, widdow, Pudsey, was registered on the application of Richard Hutton, who was her son-in-law. At Wakefield, Oct. 1695, the barn late Wm. Lepton's was again recorded for preachings. Here then we have the first dates, 1690 and 1694, of distinct registered meeting places, after the house of Mr. Sale, 1672, con- nected with Nonconformity in Pudsey. In Oct., 1695, Mr. Heywood writes that he preached at the new chapel at Pudsey. This was one of the barns before mentioned, and was fitted up as a place for worship, and it stood where the Free Methodist Chapel now stands. It has been handed down by tradition, that on the occasion when Mr. Heywood preached, referring to the barn doors, he said : — " Friends, you have a pair of brave church doors." The barn was used as a barn again after the friends pur- chased an ox-barn in Chapeltown, in 1708, and erected a chapel there. A fund was established in London for the aid of Noncon- formist meeting houses and poor ministers, and the Rev. Richard Stretton, of London, formerly of Leeds, had to do with its distribution in this part of the country. The money was for- warded by him to Mr. Ralph Thoresby, of Leeds, with the names of the places to which it was to be sent. In Thoresby's Corres- pondence is a letter from Mr. Stretton, dated July 31st, 1707, in which the sum of ^^3 is sent for Pudsey for half-a-year ; and again, in another letter, March 9th, 1709-10, £6 is sent for one year for the Nonconformist meeting house at Pudsey. The next minister of whom we have any account after the death of Mr. James Sale, is the Rev. John Ray, and to Hey- WOOD's Northowram Register we are indebted for the information. OLD INDEPENDENT CHAPEL. 83 He resided at Gomersal, " died of a feaver Sept. 17, buryed at Burstall Sept. 20, 1699, aged 40, preacher at Pudsey and Closes." At Birstal Church I found his burial registered as follows : — John Ray, of Little Gomersall, the 20th day of September, 1699. In the list of students who were under the tuition of the Rev. Richard Franklin, at Rathmell, and other places, from 1669 to 1698, I find that John Ray was admitted March 30, 1676. In Heywood's Northowram Register his marriage, 1688-9, is thus recorded : — Mr. John Ray of CJomersall and Susannah dau. of Mr. Dickson clark of Whit- church, ffebr. In The Rise of the Old Dissent, by JOSEPH Hunter, F.S.A., Mr. Ray is mentioned with other ministers as being en- gaged in fasts and thanksgivings with Mr. Heywood, in 1684; and on Wednesday, Sep. 4, 1689, his ordination, along with several others, took place at a meeting of ministers at Alverthorpe, being the first ordination held after the passing of the Toleration Act, at which Mr. O. Heywood was engaged. The other minis- ters who also took part in the ordination were : — Mr. Wm. Hawden, of Wakefield ; Mr. Thos. Johnson, of Painthorpe ; Mr. Nailor, of Alverthorpe, and Mr. Joseph Dawson, of Morley. The name of John Ray appears in the Sessions Rolls, amongst others who recorded the opening of a house for religious worship at Alverthorpe ; also of another house belonging to Joseph Walker, of Burstall, called the Closes (which was situated between Birstal and Cleckheaton). In Miall's History of Con- gregationalism in Yorkshire, p. 248, it is stated that the Rev. John Holdsworth, of Cleckheaton, seems to have regularly exchanged services with the Rev. John Ray, Pudsey. Mr. Miall says, at p. 336: — " In 1708, mention is made of the death of the Rev. Richard Hutton, of Pudsey." He was the son-in-law of the Rev. James Sale, but Mr. Miall does not state where the mention is made. It is just probable that Mr. Hutton might be a lay preacher, as was sometimes the case with country gentlemen, to which class he belonged. We have seen that he took an active part in obtaining licences for preaching places in 1690 and 1694.* His son, Richard Hutton,Esq.,of Pudsey, married, in January, 1 7 10, Mary, the daughter of the Rev. Richard Thorpe, one of the ejected ministers, a man of property, and then a Nonconformist minister at Hopton. The Northowram Register says : — Madam Hutton, buryed at Calverley, December 24th, a very useful woman. 1 723. * For further particulars of him and his son, Richard Hutton, Esq., of Pudsey, sec the Bradford Antiquary, p. 35. 84 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Of her mother it says : — Madam Thorpe, of Hopton, died at her son-in-law's, Mr. Hutton's, at Pudsey, May 8th, bur. at Mirfield, May I2th, 1725. Also : — Mr. Richard Hutton, of Pudsey, died at Mr. Markham's in Hunslet Lane, near Leeds, July 20th, 1729. The date of the first Trust Deed belonging to the place bears date 1708. The four trustees therein named, viz. : — John Pearson, the elder, clothier ; .Samuel HinchlifTe, the elder, clothier ; Richard Farrer, clothier ; and Joseph Lepton, gentleman, all of Pudsey, purchase a " Barne, commonly called the Ox-Barne," and the ground on which it stood, situated in Pudsey. The Barne to be pulled down and a new erection to be builded, or the Barne to be repaired and converted into " a meeting-place for one or more minister or ministers, called Dissenting Protestants, to preach therein." Mr. Joseph Lepton (late of Pudsey) died at Great Gomersall, Dec. 10, left an Estate of abt. 200 p. ann. Another subsequent Deed states that at the cost of the trustees named above, and other persons, Protestant Dissenters, " the Ox-Barne was pulled down," and a building erected which had been used " as a meeting-house or place of religious worship by Protestant Dissenters from the Church of England, dis- tinguished by the name of Presbyterians," and that the said meeting-house, etc., should " be at all times hereafter made use of as a place of religious worship by Protestant Dissenters from the Established Church of England, whether they be of the Presbyterian or the Congregational persuasion, provided always that the place did not cease to be a meeting-house through the restraint or prohibition of the Civil Government or otherwise." By a Deed dated i8 June, 1722, John Milner, Dr. in Physick, Lord of the Manor of Pudsey, conveyed on a lease of " nine hundred and ninety-nine years " a plot of ground on the north side of the meeting-house " with liberty to erect and build a Laith or Barne thereon — for the Congregation which should assemble in the meeting-house aforesaid. The building was erected " adjoining to the Meeting-house," and " contained a stable and chamber over the same." It was for the use of those who came from the neighbouring villages on horseback, in which to put their horses during Divine service. The dates of the various Deeds appointing new trustees, etc., are respectively 1728, 1764, 1782, 1792, 1810, 1831, 1846, i860, and 1879. Space forbids the notice of these various in- teresting documents and the list of names contained therein. However, we have seen that a house was licensed for worship in REV. ELKANAH BERRY. 8S 1672, a barn in 1690, houses in 1694, and another barn purchased in 1708 and a chapel built. In 1722 ground was purchased for vestry, etc. In 1782, the minister's house, etc., was purchased for £i7S- In 1792 the ground was purchased for a graveyard and for a site for a new chapel at a cost of ;^i3i 7s. 6d., and again additional land was purchased for enlarging burial ground in 1846, at a cost of ;£"i7o i6s. 3d. The Rev. Elkanah Berry is the next minister of whom we have any account. His ministry evidently commenced in 17 10, as I have fortunately obtained the Registe'^ of Baptisms* by him, in his own hand-writing, while he was minister at Pudsey, from 1710 to 1717. The Reg : contains 91 names of baptisms, and as shewing the extent of his congregation and personal friends, I give their places of residence, viz. : — Pudsey, Parsley, Stanning- ley, Bramley, Rodley, Woodhall, Owl-coats, Shipden-head, Soyt- hill, Cottingley, Bowling, Will-greave, Shayes, Quarrie-Gap, Eccleshill Park, Horseforth, and Rawden. The following is A Register of the Communicants at our Chapp'l in Pudsey, names and places of residence, etc., Discoursd, Proposed, Admitted. E. Berry, Minister and ye unwortliy Pastor. Discrd. Propsd. Admtd. Comm . I E. Berry, Minister 1713 2 Isaac Smith, Farsley May 19 do. Aug. 24 Oct. 4 3 James Senyer, Parsley do. 19 do. 4 John Strickland, Farsley do. 20 do. Aug. 28 do. 4 5 Samuel Hinchliffe, Jun., Pudsey do. 20 do. do. 28 do. 4 6 Richard Constantine, Farsley do. . 20 do. do. 28 do. 4 7 John Smith. Tong do. 20 do. do. 28 do. 4 8 John Hinchliffe, Pudsey do. 27 do. do. 28 do. 4 9 Christopher Hall, Bankhouse do. 28 do. do. 28 do. 4 10 Wm. Fenton, Snr., Pudsey June 16 do. do. 28 do. 4 11 John Pearson, Senr , Pudsey July 24 do. do. 28 do. 4 12 Sarah Scott, Drighlington Aug 9 do. do. 28 do. 4 1714 do. 4 13 Wm. Rogers, Sen., Pudsey do. 10-15 do. do. 28 .4* Hannah Hinchcliffe, Bankhouse Oct. 19 Jan. 8 do. 28 Jan. 10 IS Joshua Gant, Little Moor do. 23 Jan. 8 do. 28 do. 10 16 Mary Banks, Bramley Dec. 25 do. 8 do. 28 Transient do. 10 I7«3 17* Christopher Wise, Pudsey Aug. 28 Oct. 4 18 Hannah Smith, Farsley Transient Mem 1. Aug. 28 1714 Mar. 26 Jan. 10 19 20 cCsUan]E"^worth,Wingreave do. do. 1 Mar. 28 ( Mar. 28 21 Eliz. Pearson, Pudsey Mar. 16 Mar. 26 May 2 1 May 23 22 Martha Lumby, Stanningley do. 14 do. 26 July 23 July 25 23 Willm. Rogers, Jun., Pudsey May 5-20 May 21 do. 23 I714-17IS do. 25 24 Benjamin Cromack, Pudsey Nov. 17 Nov. 19 [an. 20 Jan. 23 Mar. 20 25 Mary Dobson, Widd Tan. 17-15 Jan. 20 Mar. 18 26 Teremiah Smith. Farsley July 5 .Sep. 13 Sep. 23 Dec. 2 Dec. 4 27 Martha Hinchcliff Sep. 21 Sep. 23 Dec. Dec. 4 •Pnnted in Margerison's Calverlty Parish Registers, Vol. III. SS3C 3*E • fpfF-jijrs rsnLCi: ' «piCf^ ^tAiamin.', J}rn. ir/QoAA. in//Ltu, % _ £& e^:. ? ^^s lafvti-t . '^ajveffi r^' ■yoTL.. Varve&a /ft ■ - 3^^-9- lite fl/nr:iSi TiiUUm.,-i/Ci /on. a/3aAjL x^tA. KiUvn. . ^udju/ ■^/'''■^i' -rs'^iT l/ajv: <za. ■^"■^ 97LaM a. ^n^ Iff. iuJLL II. fcphju^q- ffcbf q. 1 33- AA» 134-^^ '37 ffLvr.3. ■/^- 3 M6.y. [Etc.- ' ^ yirit<'^<j;S^y %^ OVA nxjiotut.. . ■^^mCt-i fi^rv: Q.i ^tj^.At- ^/aaoct^ifA^ct MJJJ- SW^ Facsimile of Rev. E. Berry s Klj; ster. E. berry's register. 87 On one page of the Register Mr. Berry writes : — Reed Apr. 20th 1715, of ye Worn and Revd the Trustees and Manager of ye Lady Hewley's Charity by the hands of ye Revd Dr. Colton ye sum of three pounds, ten shillings being given me by ye said Trustees and Manager out of the Charity. — E : B : In addition to the Register of Communicants, there is, in this MS. volume, which is foolscap size, the following interesting items. On the first page the volume has the following entry : — Ex Libris El: Berry. Pret. O. G. Ao. 1706. It contains 173 pp. of small MS., dated 1661, on the revision of the Book of Common Prayer and the emendations as proposed by the Presbyterians of that day ; several pages giving Acts of Parliament affecting the Noncomformists, etc. ; a register of baptisms by the pastor at Pudsey, 1 710 to 17 17; the last entry being, " John, son of Luke and Elizabeth Matthcwman, Barnsley, bapt. Dec. 1 5t.h, 1717." Mr. J. Horsfall Turner, of Idle, to whom I am indebted for this MS., found the name of" Mr. Elcana Berry, dissenting minister, Pudsey," and others, who were " lyable to take the oath to His Majesty and Government according to the Act of 1715." The volume contains 51 pages of a daily record of the " mercury," the state of the weather, wind, etc., from 1740 to 1749, besides other notes occasionally interspersed. A few of those I give, which may be of use in helping to find out who was the writer of this diary, and where he resided. He seems to have been residing in Lancashire at that time. Many of the items are in shorthand, so cannot now be made out : — 1740. May 31, mentions " Mr. Horrocks." .... I Day. I presume this would most probably be Mr. Horrocks, the astronomer, in Lancashire. 1743. Nov. 9, mentions Mr. Hesketh, of Bolton ,, Nov. 20 Mr. Holden here 1744. Jan 5, Frosty, cold. Comet vis. Comet mentioned several times in January and February. 1774. Aug. 13, at Halifax „ Sep. II. Tuesday, the 11. Little Bolton wier and that next took down. Ellis Crompton wier took away, the Battlement of Ateley or Staley Bridge. Several others damaged exceedingly. Thursday 1 3. 1745. Jan. 29, Snow, Hazy, Rainy at night. Mr. .Scot „ Feb. 27 „... At Mr. Pilkington. 1746. April 26 Went into Yorkshire. „ May 1 5, Came home, exceedingly hot. 1747. July 5, Fair day, Mr. Kenion Died a'ter 12. ,, Aug. 2, Went into Yorkshire, returned Sepr. 4. 88 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Most of the blanks after the extracts are in shorthand, while those before are items generally on the weather. The following paragraphs are taken from the miscellaneous notes in the volume : — To Genll. Stanhope. Whene'er you fought the Haughty Foes were broke ; The Priest, more Haughty, Trembled when you spoke. Thus Jove th' aspiring Gyants drove to Hell, By Light'ning some, some stun'd by Thunder fell. Blest Spain! whilst such a sword Defends thy Cause ; Blest we! whilst such a Tongue Protects our Laws. Had you been Consul, when devoted Rome Was Destin'd to an almost Fatall Doom, Not Statues onely had preserv'd your Fame, But Alters would have bore your Sacred Name. Let Lesser Merit thus in Marble live ; Your Glory shall the solid Brass Survive: And the extremest Ages shall be taught How well for Liberty You Spoke and Fought. You did Command & I've obey'd And on a wheel these verses made. [M. B.] A wheel's an instrument that's of Great worth And I'll Indeavour briefly ti. set forth The Good it does produce, if possibly I can its use describe how orderly By its effects England enjoys a Trade Both foreign and Domestick, Good and Bad By it the poorer sort do earn their Bread By it (tho' wood) they are both fed & clad By it the Clothiers do imploy tlieir hands By it the Merchants do enlarge their Lands, By it Cloath-dressers get great gain, And it all other Callings doth sustain By it our Beaus do Dress both (jay and fine By it we do Import good Lisbon Wine By it our Gallant Ladies you will see Drest in Rich Silk, Muslin and taffaty. By it the Queen is Cloath'd & all the Court By it the London Merchants do Import Good store of Wealth from Diverse Parts If they their barges keep from Pirates Arts More things there are If I their names could Bring That does dejiend upon this whirling thing: For when this Engine runs most merrily Yorkshire is then in its prosperity. But tho' this mimick thing's so much admired And I myself from it am waim altir'd. And wast not for't might go, as Eve then did When she was in fair Eden's garden hid Yet all these Considerations cannot move Me, to this useful wheel to take a Love, ' F'or by it I almost such tortures feel As did poor Ixion on his wracking wheel In short tho' 'tis the gain of others, 'tis the bane of me, And I'll never swet but for necessity. REV JOHN WAINMAN. 89 In Dr. John Evans's MS. List of Presbyterian and Inde- pendent Chapels and Ministers, 1717 to 1729, published in J.\MES'S History of the Litigation and Legislatiott on Presbyterian Chapels, 1867, Mr. Berry's name appears as the pastor at Barns- ley, but it appears he did not stay there long, as I find in the Northowrani Reg. that Mr. Elkanah Berry, Minr. at Hopton, died at his Father's, July 15, 1721. In Mr. Miall's Hist, of Cong : in Yorks., p. 279, I learn that he had been at Hopton about one year. At this time, ac- cording to Dr. Evans's List, the congregation at " Pudsey near Bradforth " numbered 250 hearers, 21 of whom were freeholders and county voters, which shows that the congregation had a fair standing. Rev. Samuel Rollings was the next minister, and all that I can learn of him is contained in the two extracts from the Northowram Reg., as follows : — Mr. Sam Hollingsof Allerton and Mrs. Sarah Wood of Bramley, tnarried May 15,1721. Mr. Saml. HoUings, of Allerton, minister at Pudsey buried in Bradford Church, Febr. 19, 1725. His name is in Dr. Evans's List as the Pudsey minister, " died 1725." He was succeeded by the Rev. John Wainman, who became minister in 1727 or 1728. He was a native of Bingley, and the son of the Rev. Thomas Wainman of that place. When his father died at Bingley in 1746, it is said that he preached alternately at Pudsey and Bing- ley until the settlement of the Rev. Thos. Lillie in 1754, and was much respected there. In Mr. DICKENSON'S North. Reg. it is recorded that Mr. John Wainman, minister at Pudsey, married Mrs. Sarah HoUings of Bram- ley, June 26, 1728. In the Chapel Trust Deed, 1728, Mr. Wainman's name appears as a witness to the signatures, and in the Deed, 1764, he was appointed one of the trustees along with others. One of his co-trustees, John Balme, named in this Deed, has left a curious and interesting MS. memoranda relating to the chapel. It gives an account of all the collections made from 1762 to 1774 ; and also a very large number of the texts, with the names of the preachers who preached from them in the chapel from 1750 to 1794, when a new chapel was opened. In this MS. it is recorded that in March, 1762, a national fast day was kept, and that Mr. Wainman preached a special sermon on that occasion from James iv. 9-10. DICKENSON'S Reg. records that Widow Hannah Wood died with her dr. Mrs. Wainman in Pudsey, bur. at Bramley. June 22, 1736. N 90 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. This proved pretty clearly that Mrs. VVainman was the widow of the previous minister, Mr. Saml. Hollings, whose wife was Sarah Wood. In the K rami ey Church Register, I find that Mr. Wainman buried some of his children and his wife there, according to the following entries : — 1751, April 17. Elizabeth dr. of the Rev. Mr. John Wainman, of Pudsey. 1755, March 23. Mrs. Sarah \Vainman wife of the Rev. Mr. John Wainman, Pudsey. 1756, June 16. Joshua, son of the Rev. Mr. Wainman. In the year 1741, I find that Mr. Wainman voted as a free-holder in the election for a Member of Parliament for the County of V^ork, his freehold being at Biamley, and he voted for Cholmley Turner, who was elected. Mr. Wainman preached his last sermon on May 27, 1770, from Isaiah xi. i, and of this event BalME's MS. says : — Being the last sermon he ever preached in this world, but died not till June ye loth, 1 770, after preaching above 40 years at Pudsey. He was interred in the burial ground at the old Episcopalian Chapel, and his tombstone may now be seen in the lower part of the ground bearing the following inscription : — Here lies interr'd the Body of the Revd. John Wainman, Minister at the Dis- senting Chapel in Pudsey, who died June the lOth, 1770, JE 64 Resurgam. In the year 1749, the great preacher, Whitfield, preached in Pudsey. He says, in a letter — Since I left, I have preached to many thousands at Rosindale, Aywood, and Halifax, at Birstal, Pudsey, and Armley, and have had three precious seasons here. The congregations were exceedingly large, and referring to the opposition he met with, he adds — But truth and right will prevail, though preached in the fields and streets. The pulpit was supplied for about five months by neighbour- ing ministers, viz.: — Revd. Messrs. Dawson, of Idle ; Morgan, of Morley ; Dean, of Bradford ; Maurice, of Eastwood ; Halliday, of Bull-house ; Phillips, of Sowerby ; Hesketh, of Northowram, and others. The Rev. Michael Maurice received an invitation to become the pastor, and accepting it, he entered on the pastorate on Oct. 28, 1770. He had been minister at Eastwood, near Halifax, from 1754 to 1770, when he came to Pudsey. In 1773, Mr. Maurice and twenty-three other dissenting ministers in the West Riding signed a petition to Parliament for relief from sub- scription. His pastorate was of short duration, as he died on July I, 1773, and was buried in the same burial ground as Mr. Wainman. His tombstone bears this inscription — • Li'/e and Times oj the Cowitess of Huntin^don^ vol. i, p. 265. REV. THOMAS LAIRD. 91 Here lies interred the Body of the Revd- Mr. Maurice, late Minister at the dis- senting Chapel in Pudsey, who departed this life July 1st, 1773, in the 49th year of his age. His funeral sermon was preached on the nth of the same month by the Rev. Mr. Morgan, of Morley, from Rev. xiv. 13. Mr. Maurice was the grandfather of the late distinguished Professor Maurice, King's College, London, and the father of the Rev. M. Maurice, Junr., an eminent dissenting minister. The Rev. ARTHUR Lloyd was the next minister. He commenced his ministry in the early part of 1774, and remained until 1790. Though he was a learned man and a good preacher, the Protestant Dissenters' Magazine, 1832, says that "his character was not what it should have been, and that those who were acquainted with him did not consider him as reflecting honour on his official services." He died at Leeds, and was interred at the Mill Hill Chapel burial ground, where his tomb- stone may be seen, bearing the following simple inscription — Arthur Lloyd, late minister of the congregation of Protestant dissenters at Pudsey, died July 13th, 1795. Aged 44. At a meeting of the associated dissenting ministers of the West Riding of Yorkshire, held at Pudsey, on the 25th Septem- ber, 1782, the Rev. Wm. Turner, Junr., of Wakefield, wajs ordained to the ministry, and became minister of Hanover Square Chapel, Newcastle, where he remained nearly sixty years. The Rev. Phillip Holland, of Bolton-le- Moors ; the Rev. Joseph Dawson, of Idle ; the Rev. W. Wood, of Leeds ; and the Rev. Wm. Turner, Senr., of Wakefield, took part in the ordination. The whole service was published in a pamphlet, by Johnson, of St. Paul's Church Yard, London, 1782. The Rev. Thomas Laird, was the successor to Mr. Lloyd, and was a man of a vastly different stamp. If the preaching had been at all heterodox, it was now restored to the orthodox standard, and it is said that he not only preached the gospel, but that he lived it also during his long pastorate of nearly forty years. From 1787 to 1792 he was minister at Keighley, when he removed to Pudsey, and commenced his ministry there in April, 1792. In September, 1792, the land was purchased upon which to erect a new chapel, and the Deed bears the signature of Thomas Laird as one of the witnesses. The chapel was erected, and opened May 14th, 1794. Sermons were preached by the Rev. W. Moorhouse, of Huddersfield ; the Rev. J. Toothill, of Hopton ; the Rev. J. Cockin, of Halifax ; the Rev. Geo. Wilson, of Leeds ; and the Rev. Thos. Laird, the minister, also preached during the 92 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. opening services* The good old man died February 27, 183 1, aged 70, and he was buried near to the chapel in which he had preached so long. During his ministry, a young man, named Thomas Burton, who was a member under Mr. Laird, entered the ministry and was Independent Minister a short time at Holmfirth ; but, amidst most pleasing appearances of much use- Rev. William Colefax. fulness to the church of Christ, he was snatched away by death, Jan. 25, 1 8 10, in the 25th year of his age. He was brought to Pudsey, and interred in the chapel yard. The Rev. William Colefax was the next minister. After a ministry of about twelve years at Hexham, in Northumberland, he commenced his ministry at Pudsey, April 8th, 1832, and remained nearly fifteen years, preaching his last sermon as minister in March, 1847. He continued to reside in Pudsey, and * For particulars of Mr. Laird, see memoir of him in the Evangelical Magazine^ January, 1832 ; and Congrfgational Register (West Riding of Yorkshire), 1865, pp. 134-5. REV. JOHN MARSDEN, K.A. 93 occasionally preached for his successors. He died March 6th, 1872, in the 80th year of his age, and was buried in the Chapel yard, in which he had interred a large number of persons, but no stone marks the spot where his remains lie. During his pastorate the Chapel was cleared of a debt of nearly ^^400, in April, 1845.* The Rev. THOMAS JOWETT, a native of Thornton, near Bradford, who studied at Airedale College, was the next pastor. He was ordained October nth, 1848, but had entered on his ministry on the 30th of July previous. He remained until 1854, when he preached his last sermon on April 2nd in that year. He went from Pudsey to Guisboro', in Yorkshire, and after being some time there he removed to Wigston Magna, Leicestershire, and is now living retired at Leeds. He was succeeded by The Rev. JOHN Marsden, B.A., who was trained for a schoolmaster at the Borough Road Institution, London, afterwards studied for the ministry at Airedale College, and graduated at the London University, where he took the degree of B.A. He commenced his ministry at Pudsey, on July 29, 1855, but was not ordained until the 28th of May, 1856. His laborious and faithful ministry was eminently successful, especially among the young, over whom his influence was very great and very salutary. Feeling that a change was desirable, he accepted a "call" to Kidderminster, resigning his pastorate in i860, and removed thither, where he resided many years. He then removed to Taunton, in Somersetshire, where he now resides. During his pastorate, the place was again cleared of a debt of about ^500. The pastorate having been vacant nearly two years, the Rev. Tho.MA-S Wickham Tozer, of Penistone, was invited, and he entered on his ministry at Pudsey, April 13th, 1862. His pas- torate was of short duration, as he preached his farewell sermon on December 13th, 1863, and removed to Dudley, in Worcester- shire. Mr. Tozer studied for the ministry at Clifton, in private, and his first pastoral charge was at Curbar, in Derbyshire, where he was ordained May 31st, 1857. From Dudley, Mr. Tozer removed to Kennington Lane, London, from whence, after a residence of some years, he removed to Ipswich, where he now labours most energetically. After a vacancy of about six months, the pastorate was mo.st worthily filled by the Rev. JOHN ATKINSON, of Clitheroe, Lanca- shire, who entered upon his labours at Pudsey, July lOth, 1864. Mr. Atkinson's first pastoral charge was at Ayton, in the North * For further particulars of him, see memoir by Rev. J. Atlcinson, in Congregational Register (West Riding of Yorkshire), 1872, pp. 106-9. REV. JOHN ATKINSON. 95 Riding, Yorkshire, in 1851; from whence he removed in 1854 to Felling, Gateshead, where he remained until 1859, when he removed to Clitheroe. In May, 1884, Mr. Atkinson received an invitation to become the minister at the English Protestant Reformed Church, in the city of Hamburg, and accepting the call, resigned his pas- torate at Pudsey, when he was presented, at a public meeting, with an address and a purse containing 100 guineas, in recognition of his long and faithful ministrations. Rev. John Atkinson. In November, 1884, Mr. D. A. HENDERSON, of Rotherham College, was invited to take the pastorate of the church, and commenced his ministry on the first Sunday in January, 1885. The ordination of Mr. Henderson took place on the 6th of Ma)-, 1885, when the Rev. A. Holborn, M.A.,of Bradford, presided over the proceedings. The following ministers took part in the ser- vice: — Revs. Dr. Falding, and W. H. Bennett, M.A., of Rotherham College; E. S. Foster, of Hartlepool ; R. Bruce, D.D., of Huddersfield ; H. A. Lawson, of Bury ; C. Rhodes, of Royston ; and Thomas Jowett, of Leeds. There was a large congregation. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 97 The Sunday school was established about 1809 or 18 10, and for a long time its numbers were small; and the scholars were taught in the vestry and the bottom of the chapel, until about 1 834, when school-rooms were erected adjoining the chapel. These rooms becoming too small in the course of time, steps were taken to have a larger school, the erection of which was commenced May 8th, 1849, and the present spacious edifice was opened August 28th, 1850. Class rooms were added in 1866 and 1876. A day school was established, and commenced on the nth of April, 1853. The head masters have been: — Wm. Cooper, Charles Stagg, Henry Hooper, T. Sawyer, Charles Gilling, John Boden, W. B. Smith, W. F. Erskine, Thomas Mitcheson, J. Anderson, J. Fielding, and John Smith Boyd. In 1876 the Day School was transferred to the Pudsey School Board, and the last teacher still remains master of the school. Soon after the settlement of Mr. Atkinson, in 1864, the sub- ject of either improving the old chapel of 1 794, or erecting a new one on the same site was considered, and at a meeting of the congregation held November 8th, 1 864, it was resolved to erect a new edifice, Messrs. Pritchett & Son, of Darlington, being com- missioned to prepare plans. The last religious service (previous to its being pulled down) was held in the old edifice on Sunday evening, April i6th, when a very appropriate sermon was preached by the pastor, the Rev. J. Atkinson, from i Samuel, vii., part of 1 2th ver., " Ebenezer: Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." The first stone of the new Congregational Church was laid on April 1 8th, 1865, in the presence of an immense concourse of spectators. A bazaar was held in aid of the building fund in July, 1865, which raised ;^37o. The leading feature of the building is a symmetrical and beautiful spire, which, rising to a height of 105 feet, and being on a very commanding site, is seen on fine days for above a dozen miles. The church consists of a nave, side aisles, and transepts. Three entrances at the front give admission to the area and galleries, the central doorway being surmounted with a hand.some St. Catherine's window, twelve feet diameter, with trefoiled lancet windows on the right and left, having quatrefoils in the beads. All the doors and windows have dripstones, the entrances having in addition shafts of redstone, with foliated capitals. All the windows are glazed with coloured glass. The interior of the church is 75 feet in length and 41 feet in width, and accommodation is provided for about 700 worshippers. The pews are spacious and comfortable, those in the area being 98 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. upholstered uniformly with crimson cloth. Vestries, etc., are also provided, and the whole of the arrangements are most complete. The new church was opened July 4th, 1866, when two sermons were preached by the Rev. Henry Allon, of London. Opening services were also held on the three following Sundays. The collections amounted to ;^235 13s. gd., making a total raised, with the subscriptions, etc., ;^2,oi8 13s. The total cost of the erection was .£^3,059 13s. 5d., and including land necessary for frontage, ^3,260. In the year 1873, an organ was placed in the church, built by Messrs. Brindley and Foster, of Sheffield, at a cost of -£^325, which was all paid by the ladies of the congrega- tion. It was opened by Dr. Roberts, then of Halifax, on October 29th, 1873. The following is a description of the organ: — GREAT ORGAN, Compass CC to G3. I. Open Diapason Metal, 8 ft., 56 pipes 3. GeTa'ct Treble | ^°°'^ =^"'1 ^I<='^'' ^ ft- 5^ pipes 4. Dulciana Metal, 8 ft., 44 pipes 5. Principal Metal, 4 ft., 56 pipes 6. Harmonic Flute Wood and Metal, 4 ft., 56 pipes 7. Grave Mixture II ranks, 100 pipes SWELL ORGAN, Compass CC to G3. 8. Violin Diapason Metal, 8ft , 56 pipes 9. Vox Angelica Metal grooved into St. Bass, 8 ft. , 44 pipes 10. Principal Metal, 4 ft., 56 pipes 11. Flageolet Metal, 2 ft., 56 pipes 12. Oboe Metal, 8 ft., 56 pipes 13. Trumpet Metal, 8 ft. , 56 pipes PEDAL, Compass CCC to E. Couplers. 14. Sub Bass Wood, 16 ft., 29 pipes l6. Swell to Great 1 5. Principal Bass, Metal, 8 ft. , 29 pipes 1 7. Swell to Pedal 18. Great to Pedal 2 Composition Pedals. The collections at the organ opening services amounted to £62, 6s. 8^d., which were devoted to the cost of cleaning and painting the church. In 1877, a successful bazaar was held with a view to clear off the debt on the church and parsonage, when the total receipts amounted to ;!^773 8s. 8d., which, besides clear- ing off the debt of £730 and paying all expenses, left a balance of £4 I OS. At a thanksgiving service held shortly afterwards, it was stated that during the twelve years from the erection of the church they had raised the sum of ^3,810, besides the regular annual income of the place. The Registers of Baptisms now in connection with the place are those of Mr. Maurice, 1770 to 1773, 136 baptised; Mr. Lloyd and others, 1785 to 1791, 112 baptised; Mr. Laird, 1792 to 1831, 2,305 baptised. WESLEYAN METHODISTS. 99 The first interment in the burial ground took place in February, 1793, and up to the close of 1880 there had been interred 2,306 persons; 160 of these were between the ages of 70 and 80; 6^ between 80 and 90; and 6 between 90 and 100. OTtsIepana — The introduction of Methodism into Pudsey, so far as there is any record, must be attributed to that devoted apostle of Methodism in Yorkshire, John Nelson, who has the following entry in his journal, about the years 1 743-4. I went to Pudsey, but when 1 got there the people of the house durst not let me preach ; they told me the constable had orders to press me, and desired me not to light, but to go back directly. I rode down to a public house where the constable and some others met together, and talked with them, and the people said he had orders to press me, but he said, " I will not, for you do not appear to be a vagrant, and my warrant runs for none but vagrants." Many of the people followed me into the lanes and I sat on horseback exhorting them to keep close to God by prayer. One of the first individuals in the village to receive and encourage the Methodist preachers was named Boyes, who resided in Fartown. In Wesley's journal we find a record of the first visit paid by that celebrated preacher to Pudsey: — April 28th. Tuesday, one of Pudsey would take no denial, so I promised to preach there at eight o'clock. Coming before the hour, we walked to the new house of the Germans (Fulneck). I preached at eight at the place appointed, and thence rode to Dewsbury, where I was to preach at noon. At this time the Pudsey Society was connected with the Birstal circuit — " the Mother Church." In 1763, the Bradford branch of the Birstal circuit was formed, and contained fifteen classes, of which Pudsey was one. The class at Pudsey contributed los. i id. " quarter money " towards the society's income, £j 17s. 8d., for the September quarter. Only three other classes contributed more than the one at Pudsey, viz., two at Bradford and one at Dudley Hill. In 1769, Bradford was made a circuit, having fifteen villages under its care, of which Pudsey was one. In 1773, a new Methodist " Preaching House" was erected, and opened in September. The accommodation was for 400 persons, and the first trustees were George Beecroft, Edward Tindall, Joseph Brown, Samuel Fenton, and John Scholefield. In the year 1774, Wesley paid his second visit to Pudsey, on April 21st. "About two I preached at the newly-built house at Pudsey," and again in 1780, he says in his Journal : — April 17th. Monday, I left Leeds in one of the roughest mornings I have ever seen, we had rain, hail, snow, and wind in abundance. About nine I preached at Bramley, between one and two at Pudsey. Afterwards I walked to Fulneck, the German settlement, etc. lOO HISTORY OF PUDSEY. In 1781, Pudsey Chapel had 149 members, and five leaders, viz., Joseph Fenton, Ed. Tindall, Jos. .Brown, Jas. Ackroyd, and John Turner (Parsley). There were only two places in the Bradford circuit having more members than the Pudsey Society, viz., Bradford and Great Horton. At this time there were eight persons who officiated as local preachers in the Bradford circuit ; Joseph Fenton, of Pudsey, and John Turner, of Farsley, were of Rev. Joseph Sutclifle, M.A. this number. Joseph Fenton was one of the most useful preachers of his day, and is said to have been a favourite with Mr. Wesley, and was greatly esteemed by the congregations amongst whom he laboured. He was sent to Hull, soon after the commencement of his career as a preacher, to fill up some vacancy in the itineracy there, and was recognised as a youth of great ministerial promise ; but, for marrying without leave, he had to return to his secular employ. However, he still WESLEYAN METHODISTS. lOI maintained the character of an upright, pious man, and a highly- useful local preacher. In 1784, Joseph Sutcliffe commenced his career as a class leader and local preacher in Pudsey, and was sent, two years later, by Mr. Wesley, to labour in the Redruth circuit, and was after- wards a useful and honoured Wesleyan minister for the period of 70 years. He died May 14th, 1856, aged 94. He had gained the title of M.A., and was the author of several valuable works, amongst which may especially be mentioned his " Commentary of the Holy Scriptures." In 1807, the Lower Wesleyan Sunday School was commenced in a house in Lowtown, and eight years after, in 181 5, anew Wesleyan Chapel was erected, and opened May ist, 18 16. The opening services were conducted by the Revs. — Stephens, B. Wood, and James Everett. Previous to this event, in 181 1, Bramley had been made the head of a circuit, to which the Pudsey Society was transferred. In 1823, a Wesleyan Sunday School and Preaching-room was commenced at Littlemoor Bottom, and, in 1826, the Wesleyan Upper Sunday School, Lowtown, was established. In 1840, a Wesleyan Chapel was erected at Gibraltar, Pudsey. This chapel was offered for sale by public auction in 1870, but was not sold. In 1852, a disturbance arose between the Conference and some members of the Wesleyan body, who were desirous of reform in the constitution of the conference, when the members in Pudsey who sympathised with that movement were expelled by the Wesleyan minister. The reform party, however, kept possession of the chapel in consequence of the peculiar character of the trust deed. The Conference not being able to hold the chapel, withdrew, and opened a preaching-room. In 1859, the Wesleyan Conference again took possession of the chapel, on November 6th. During part of the following year five services were held each Sunday in the Chapel, three by the Conference and two by the reform party. The congregation resolved to support the reform movement, and ultimately the Conference withdrew from the Chapel on receiving one hundred and fifty pounds. After this withdrawal, the old Wesleyan body took steps to have a building of their own in which to worship, and the first .stone of a new chapel was laid on the 2nd day of April, 1861. The building is situate in Church Lane, and is a very handsome structure, both as regards the interior and exterior. The Architect was Mr. John Kirk, Huddersfield, and the Chapel is in I02 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. the Italian style of architecture, and will accommodate 600 persons. The cost was about ;^2,cxDO. The foundation stone was laid by Mrs. S. Pawson, of Lawns House, Farnley, and the following is a copy of the parchment which was placed in a bottle under the foundation stone : — WESLEYAN METHODIST CHAPEL, PUDSEY. The Foundation Stone of this Edifice was deposited by Mrs. Sarah Pawson, of Lawns House, Farnley, on Easter Tuesday, 2nd April, 1861, in the 24th year of the Reign of Queen Victoria. The Reverend W. W. Stamp, President of Wesleyan Conference. The Rev. John Farrar, Secretary of the Conference, and Chairman of the Leeds District. The Revds. John Hornby, William Faulkner, George T. Taylor, and Geo. Penman, Mmisters of the Bramley Circuit. The Rev. James Allen, Supernumerary Minister. Messrs. John Wild and John Blackburn, Circuit Stewards. Messrs. Joseph Davy and Edward Hinings, Stewards of the Pudsey Society. The Trustees of the Chapel being Benjamin Wade, Samuel Sharp^ John Frankland, John Glover, John Briggs, John Webster, Thomas Ward, Rev. James Allen, John Blackburn, John Wild, Christopher Moody, John Wilson, William Firth, Israel Roberts, Henry Webster Blackburn. To God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost, be everlasting praise ; Amen. The chapel was opened on Friday, June 6th, 1 862, when two sermons were preached by the Rev. John Rattenbury, president of the Conference, and subsequently the following ministers officiated at the opening services, viz.: Dr. Hannah, Revs. R. Roberts, Chas. Prest, T. Allen, J. S. Workman, George Mather, and John Hornby. In May, 1863, the Rev. William Morley Punshon preached in the chapel to a crowded congregation. In 1882, a new organ was built by Messrs. Harrison and Harrison, of Durham, at a cost of ^£'41 5, and consists of two full manuals C C to G, 56 notes and a pedal organ, C C C to F, 30 notes. GREAT ORGAN Open Diapason ... Dulciana ... Hohlflote .. Principal ... Harmonic Flute ... Gamba Alixture (3 ranks) .. Fifteenth Total Pipes .. 604 PEDAL ORGAN. Open Diapason ... i6ft. 30 pipes. Bourdon i6ft. 30 pipes. COUPLERS. Swell to Great. Swell to Pedals. Great to Pedals. N. 8ft. 56 pipes. 8ft. 56 8ft. 56 4ft. 56 4ft. 56 8ft. 56 168 2ft. 56 560 SWELL ORGAN. Bourdon ... 1 6ft. 56 pipes. Viola 8ft. 56 „ Lieblich Gedact ... 8ft. 56 „ Salscional ... 8ft. 56 „ Voix Celeste ... ... 8ft. 4+ „ Principal ... 4ft. 56 „ Mixture (3 ranks) 198 ,. Oboe .. 8ft. 56 „ Horn ... 8ft. 66 „ METHODIST NEW CONNEXION. 103 The case is made of pitch pine, stained to imitate American walnut, and the design is in strict harmony with the architectural decorations of the chapel. On Wednesday, May 9th, 1867, the first stone of a new Wesleyan Sunday School, in connection with the above chapel, was laid by Mrs. J. T. Beer, of Threapland House, Pudsey, who was presented on the occasion, with a silver trowel and mahogany mallet, with which to perform the interesting ceremony. The school was opened on February 25th, 1868, the cost of the erection, with the ground, being ;^5oo. On Saturday, May 2nd, 1868, the foundation stone of a new Wesleyan Chapel was laid at Littlemoor, Pudsey. For forty years the only accommodation possessed by the Wesleyans in this locality had been a weaving chamber over a cottage. The first stone of the new chapel was laid by H. Mitchell, Esq., of Esholt Hall, and the building safely progressed until Christmas ; was roofed and ready for pewing, when a gale of wind arose and demolished the structure, nothing but the gable walls being left standing. The chapel was re-erected in a most substantial manner, from plans prepared by Mr. C. E. Taylor, architect, of Bradford. The original cost of the land and building was ;^ 1,200 and to this had to be added 800, for re-erection, making the total expenditure ;£ 2,000. The chapel is a neat structure externally, about twenty-two yards long by seventeen yards wide, with class rooms, minister's vestry, and a commodious school-room under- neath. Internally it is lofty and well lighted, and in a rece.ss at one end is a small gallery for the school children ; and, facing this, in the centre of the chapel is the pulpit. The pews are of stained wood, with reclining backs. In 1882, an organ was erected in the chapel, on each side of which a small gallery was put up, capable of seating about eighty persons, making the total accommodation afforded by the chapel for over 600 persons. gltetl^otiiat i9eh) Conneiion,— This body of Christians obtained a footing in Pudsey in the year 181 8, when open-air services were held in Fartown, conducted by friends from Ebenezer Chapel, Leeds. In the following year services were conducted in a room called Lobley's Chamber, and subsequently in John Young's Chamber, near the Fleece Inn. In 1825, Zion Chapel was erected and opened, the cost of which was about .£^450, the society at that time being connected with the Leeds circuit. Ten years later, the Pudsey society, along with Adwalton, was taken away from the Leeds circuit, and became part of the Dewsbury circuit. In 1839, great and I04 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. successful revival services were held, and, as a consequence, the number of members returned to Conference in the following year was 193. In 1840, ground was purchased for a burial ground, and site of a new chapel, at a cost of three hundred guineas, but in consequence of the great and unfortynate Barkerite agitation in i84i,the society was drawn entirely away from the Connexion and scattered. About two years later, forty of the older members, headed by the late Mr. William Boyes and Mr. John Shaw, returned along with the chapel to the Connexion, and the build- ing was re-opened for worship on July 30th, 1843. In 1844, the Pudsey society united with the Bradford circuit, and in the same year suffered the severe loss of one of its most useful members, Mr. William Boyes. He was its first class leader, and had been chapel steward from the commencement. In 185 1, Mr. William Denison, of Fartown, generously paid ■off the debt on the burial ground, nearly ;^3oo, when a new trust deed was made for the chapel and burial ground. In 1853, the first stone of a new Sunday school was laid, and the opening ceremony took place on the 28th of May, in the same year. In 1869, a meeting was held to consider the propriety of erecting a new chapel, and the foundation stone was laid on the 2nd of April, 1872, Messrs. Nelson, of Leeds, being the architects. The style is Italian, and the chapel has a gallery at one end, and an organ and choir recess at the other, and two vestries, with other offices. The stone was laid by James Moore, Esq., of Bradford, and the chapel was opened on the 9th day of April, 1873, when two sermons were preached by the Rev. W. Cooke, D.D., of London, and at the subsequent services sermons were preached by the Revs. H. D. Crofts, D.D., of Manchester, and A. R. Pearson, of Bradford. The total expenditure on the chapel was £i,goo. In 1882, a new organ, built by Mr. J. Calvert, of Armley, was put in the chapel, at a cost of ;£^200, and was opened with an organ recital by Mr. S. W. Pilling, of Bolton. In connection with this body of Christians, we cannot forego allusion to the lives of two of the most prominent members at Pudsey. WILLIAM BOVES was born at Pudsey on July 29th, 1793. His forefathers, for many generations back, had been distinguished for their intelligence, uprightness, and piety ; and exhibited in an eminent degree those features, both mental and physical, which distinguished the Anglo-Saxon race from which they descended. For ages they belonged to that class once so numerous in England, who, possessing a little property, and being either respectable farmers or small freeholders, also carried on. MR. WILLIAM BOYES. 105 in their own dwellings, domestic manufactures ; thus being at once both masters and workmen. We believe one member of the family was a celebrated Dissenting minister, named Joseph Boyes, who was born in 1646, and died in 1728. He was pastor of a Congregational church in Dublin, and his works were pub- lished in two folio volumes. Another ancestor was a clergyman in the North Riding of Yorkshire. Another was an active and devoted member of the Moravians, soon after their first settlement in this Country. The grandfather of William Boyes was the first individual in Pudsey to receive and encourage the Methodists. The devoted and useful John Nelson first visited and preached in his house. William's father, soon after his marriage, became a member of the Methodist society, and for a lengthened period sustained the office of class leader till the introduction of the Methodist New Connexion into Pudsey, which took place about the year 18 19. He was the first class leader in the new society, and continued to fill this office till his death, which took place in the year 1830. The subject of this memoir was at that time a farmer, and also carried on the trade of a cloth manufacturer, and was in what may be termed ea.sy circumstances. But fluctuations in business, and the panic caused at that time by war, occasioned him to lose a great portion of his capital. At the age of thirty years Mr. Boyes entered into the con- jugal state with Mary, daughter of Mr. John Robinson, of Rastrick, class leader and local preacher in the Halifax circuit. This union was a source of mutual help and blessing. For a number of years after the death of his parents, which took place in the year 1830, nothing occurred materially to disturb the even tenor of his way. Being diligent in business, and temperate in his habits, he considerably increased his substance. But the panic of 1837 was a severe trial to him. The depreciated value of goods, the general prostration of trade, and the losses common under such circumstances, greatly distressed his mind. He would never speculate beyond his bona fide capital. His great study was how he might live honestly in the sight of God and man, and make suitable provision for a rising family. Mr. Boyes was stricken with a severe and painful illness in 1844, and on the 22nd day of September in that year departed this life, in the fifty-first year of his age. John Shaw was the son of James and Martha Shaw, of Pudsey, and was born on March 25th, 1814. His parents, who moved in the humbler walks of life, were well known and much esteemed for their integrity and industry. His father followed P io6 HISTORY OF PUDSEV. the trade of a hand-loom weaver at his own home, and lived to the ripe old age of eighty-four years. John's maternal grandfather, and his uncle, John Shaw, were members of the Methodist New Connexion, which had been newly established in Pudsey, and they were devoted workers in the Sabbath school. To this school John was sent at an early age, and, as a child, manifested a deep interest in religious Mr. John Shaw. exercises, particularly that of private prayer. His name first appeared on the plan as a local preacher about the year 1839. In his early history as a preacher he had to labour under great disadvantages. His lack of education, his strong local dialect, his peculiar and striking appearance, tended to awaken curiosity, and with some, not a little prejudice, on his first attempts to preach. Then he was subject to fits, which came upon him suddenly and rendered him unconscious. This MR. JOHN SHAW. I07 affliction was a sore trial — " a thorn in the flesh " to him. The attacks were, however, suffered with less frequency after he became a local preacher, and ceased altogether when about thirty years of age. Still the possibility of being so overtaken made his friends anxious for his safety when from home, or when travelling to his appointments in the circuit. If John's acquaintance with general literature was necessarily very circumscribed, he was a constant and successful student of the " Book of books." He became " mighty in the Scriptures." They illuminated his whole nature and controlled his life. As an expositor of divine truth he was always suggestive and eloquent, and as a preacher he was fluent and terse. He would often use a succession of words to express a thought, while each added phrase gave a new phase to the idea that would both enchant and impress the hearer. In this particular his power was unique. He regarded his appointments as sacred engage- ments, so that he never disappointed an expectant congregation when it was possible for him to preach. Of a life of such abounding activity and untiring devotion to the work of God, we can only here give a very brief sketch. For many years he was president of the Sunday school in Pudsey. His many engagements as a preacher prevented his taking the office and work of a teacher, but when the oppor- tunity occurred he was always ready, by his addresses and other forms of service, to show his deep interest in the progress of the great work. His services in the Christian Church were multiform. For the most part his labours were devoted to the Church and community of which he was a member. He had a deep and increasing interest in her history. The ordinances, polity, usages, and institutions of the Connexion had no warmer friend and advocate than he was. He was called a preacher's friend. He knew the history, style, ability, and place in the Connexion of most of them. He "esteemed them highly for their work's sake," and was always delighted when he could secure their company and fellowship. But his sympathies and labours had a wider sphere than the limits of his own denomina- tion. He was the Lord's servant, and as he had opportunity, rendered willing .service to all Christian sects : to the Con- gregationalists, the Weslcyans, the Moravians, the Baptists, the Primitive Methodists, the Methodist Free Church — to ALL. It was well if he could do good to his fellow-men, and bring glory to God. I08 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. His last Sunday on earth was spent at Otley, and on the following day he attended a public tea-mccting at the Congre- gational Church, Soothill, near Batle}-. Here he poured out his soul in a speech of great power and eloquence, to the delight of all present. He was the guest of Mr. Sunderland, and a few minutes after he had retired to rest he complained of great suffering. The family were aroused, he got out of bed, walked about the room, and then falling upon his knees he prayed for his wife and only child. He then got into bed again, when he said, "Tell them to meet me in heaven; "and " fell asleep in Jesus." The day he was carried to the grave presented a scene in Pudscy that cannot be forgotten. After but a few hours' notice, hundreds of people, of all classes, and of all denominations, from all parts of the district, and for many miles round, gathered to give expression to their estimate of his worth, and bear their testimony to his goodness. It was not to learning, for he had it not; it was not to wealth, to social or political status, for he had not these; it was to his sterling piety and great usefulness. His death occurred on November lo, 1879, in his sixty-fifth year. The occasion was improved in the several parts of the Bradford Circuit, and at Dewsbury and Batley by the Rev. W. Wilshaw, and by other ministers in other places, to large and sympathising congregations.* iWlethoUtst iFree Cljutcfj. — This Society commenced in the year 1849, as the Wesleyan Association, and the congregation and Sunday school assembled in a preaching-room in Low- town. In 1872, the foundation of a new chapel for this congre- gation was laid by Miss M. A. Procter, and the building was opened on the 25th of October, 1873, when a sermon was preached by the Rev. J. S. Withington. The chapel is a neat structure, sixty feet by twenty-four feet, erected from designs by Mr. Samuel Webster, architect, of Pudsey, and the cost was ^1,500. In 1869, the foundation stone of a new chapel and Sunday school was laid at Waterloo, by Mrs. Pitts, of Stanningley, when the assembly was addressed by the Rev. Marmaduke Miller, of Huddersfield. The building, which is a neat little edifice, will accommodate about three hundred hearers, and has a small school-room and vestry behind. It was erected from designs by Mr. John Heaton, architect, of Pudsey, at a cost, including land, of about £700. The opening services, which took place in * From Methodist Netv Connexion Magazine, February, 1881. THE BAPTISTS. 109 February, 1870, were conducted by the Revs. John Myers, John Guttridge, John Atkinson, S. Bevan, and R. Holmes. InliEpentient ^JtetfjoUtstg.— This section of the Christian church was connected with the old Wesleyan body when the chapel in Lowtown was built in 181 5, but having embraced Free Church views, they seceded from the old Connexion in 1852, retaining possession of the chapel, and became an Independent Methodist Church. In 1875, it was thought by the congregation desirable to join the United Methodist Free Churches in the Leeds district, and an amalgamation took place. ^rimitibe fHetfjatiiats.— This body of Christians commenced an interest in Lowtown in the year 1839, when they built a chapel and Sunday school. In 1864, their operations were extended by the erection of a new chapel in Rickardshaw Lane. The foundation stone was laid on Good Friday, by Mr. Benjamin Waite, of Farsley, when an address was given by the Rev. C. Smith, of Barnsley. The chapel was erected from designs by Mr. Joseph Roberts, architect, in lieu of a smaller one built in 1835. The cost of the new chapel was £700. The opening .services were held in September, 1864, when sermons were preached by the Revs. S. Antliff, of Derby, T. Greenbury, of Hull, E. Parker, of Farsley, and Wm. H. Kershaw, of Laisterdyke. On the 27th of June, 1874, the ceremony of laying the corner stones of a new chapel and Sunday school, in Roker Lane, was performed by Messrs. J. W. Harrison, of Birkenshaw, G. Garnett, of Apperley Bridge, R. Ingham, of Wortley, and S. Shackleton, of Pudsey. The edifice is neat and unpretentious, and was erected from designs by Messrs. Milnes and France, architects, of Brad- ford. It has a frontage of one hundred feet to Roker Lane, is one storey in height, consisting of a room forty feet by thirty-six feet, and four class rooms. The roof is open timbered. The cost, inclusive of land, was ^^1,500. Baptist?. — The Baptists, as an organised community in Eng- land, date their origin from 1607, when the first Baptist Church was formed in London by a Mr. Smith, and, notwithstanding the severe persecution which was brought to bear upon this section of the Nonconformist body, they .still continued to increase. The first account we have of any Baptists in this neighbourhood is relating to the interest at Rawden, where the Rev. William Mitchell was the first Baptist minister. He died about the year 1706. A few of the members connected with Rawden and Haworth commenced the interest at Bradford; after a time they took a no HISTORY OF PUDSEY. room, but being poor they could not afford to buy benches, so the old women who attended the meeting, wended their way thither with their stools under their arms. The first minister, Mr. Crabtree, followed his trade of shalloon weaver in order to earn a living. He was ordained pastor, and died on the 14th day of February, 181 1, aged ninety. The, Baptists commenced at Bramley about the year 1774, and during the following year opened a room for divine worship. The Baptist Church at Farsley originated in the labours of Mr. Crabtree, of Bradford, who ofttimes preached on week-evenings at Farsley and Calverley, and many who heard him at these villages attended his regular ministry. In 1777, a chapel was built at Farsley, and was supplied by different ministers for more than two years. On the 27th day of March, 1 780, a church was formed of thirty members, who had been dismissed from the Bradford church for that purpose. Mr. William Roe was the first minister. The Baptist interest at Stanningley was commenced in the year 1826, under the auspices of the Baptist Itinerant Society. Mr. Matthias Gaunt, of Pudsey, and some other friends, residents in Stanningley, but members of the church at Bramley, lament- ing the spiritual destitution of the inhabitants, felt a strong desire to meet the deficiency. They consulted the late Dr. Steadman, of Bradford, who encouraged them to proceed. They engaged a room, and Mr. Edwards, a student at Horton College, preached the first sermons. The congregations continued to improve under the ministry of the .students from Horton College, and the prospects being encouraging, the people exerted themselves to provide better accommodation. In this, they were assisted by the students, neighbouring ministers, and friends. The chapel was built and opened in June, 1828, and in September a church was formed, consisting of six members, who were ministered to by the neighbouring pastors and students from Horton College. About the year 1834, a Sunday school and vestries were built, and in November of that year Mr. John Jordan settled amongst them as minister. The mem- bers at that time numbered 15, and the floor of the chapel was pewed to afford accommodation for the increased attendance. In 1837-8, the chapel was enlarged to double the original size, making provision for the Sunday .scholars, when the .school building was converted into a dwelling-house for the minister. In 1838, the number of members had increased to 47, and in 1840, to 73. In 1842, Mr. Jordan resigned his office, having been pastor for nearly eight years. During his term of office, the THE BAPTISTS. Ill church membership had increased from 15 to 75. The church having been without a minister for about a twelve-month, the Rev. William Colcroft, who had been minister at Bramley from 1826 to 1837, and at Golcar, from 1837 to 1843, accepted the invitation to Stanningely in the last-named year, when the mem- bers numbered 94. A debt of ;^SC)0 which remainded on the chapel and premises was cleared off in 1845. In 1846, a .second Sunday .school was established in connection with the church ; the number of teachers and scholars in both schools being as follows: — teachers, 6^ ; scholars, 260. In June, 1848, Mr. Colcroft resigned, and the pulpit was supplied by students and others, until 1850, when the Rev. James Hillyard, of Shifnall, Shropshire, accepted a call from the church, and commenced his stated labours on Sunday, August 1 8th. At this time the members numbered jt,, teachers, 50, scholars 210. Mr. Hillyard continued his ministry until 1852, when he resigned, and in the following year settled at Pudsey. For the next six years the pulpit was generally supplied by students from Horton College. In 1858, the Rev. J. W. Stuart accepted the united invitation of the churches of Stanningley and Pudsey, and commenced his ministry on April 4th of that year. The congregation at Littlemoor, Pudsey, .seems to have arisen principally out of the labours of Mr. Colcroft, who held cottage services in several parts of the town. Ultimately a room was taken at Fartown, and opened for worship on the 1 1 th of January, 1846. Success attended the attempt, and on the first of January, 1847, a church was formed, having at the time twelve members. A Sunday .school was commenced in 1846, or the earlier part of 1847. In June, 1849, land was purchased at Littlemoor for the erection of a chapel, and the first stone was laid on the 13th of June, 1850, by Peter Hainsworth, E.sq., of Farsley. The chapel was opened on Wednesday, January 8th, 185 1, when sermons were preached by the Rev.s. J. Stock, and A. M. Stalker. The chapel is 42 feet by 27 feet, within the walls, and has a neat school-room under part of it. The total cost amounted to ;^S50. The church at this time had 15 members, and the Sunday school 32 teachers and 54 scholars. The Rev. J. Hillyard was the first pastor, from 1853 to 1855, when he resigned, and removed to Thome, Yorkshire. From 1858 to 1862, the Rev. J. W. Stuart, ministered here and at Stanningley. In 1870, the Rev. Henry Dunn, settled as minister at Littlemoor, and was publicly recogni.scd on the 9th of March in that year. 112 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. SSiiitarian — Services in connection with this body, were first held about 1853, Mr. John Mills, Home Mission agent, of Leeds, being the preacher. The Rev. M. A. Moon was the first stated minister, occupying the position until 1855, when he removed to Stannington. In the same year, the Rev. J. Knapton, succeeded Mr. Moon, but his ministry was only of short duration, for we find that in 1857, the Rev. J. L. Haigh was appointed to the office. During his tenure of the office, the first stone of a new Unitarian Church was laid, on March 4th, i86i,and the opening service took place on November 6th of the same year. The cost of the church, which is a neat edifice, of the Gothic style, was ;^ 1,160. An organ was added in the following year. On the 23rd of February, 1862, Mr. Haigh resigned the pastorate, and removed to Burnley, Lancashire, where he died. In 1862, the Rev. H. Eadins, of Belfast, commenced his ministry at Pudsey, and remained until February, 1865, when he removed to Coseley, Birmingham. On the 7th of May in the same year, the Rev. W. A. Clark, of Derby, accepted the pastorate, and remained at Pudsey until 1868, when he resigned the office. In the following year, the Rev. John Bevan, received a call to the church, and the first Communion of the Lord's Supper was held on Easter Sunday, 1869. In 1878, Mr. Bevan resigned the charge, and preached his farewell sermon on Sunday, August nth. He was subsequently settled in Bolton, Lancashire. The Rev. W. E. Hopkinson, the next minister, commenced his labours at Pudsey in January, 1879, and remained for three years, when he resigned, and the Rev. James Ruddle, of Hastings, succeeded him, and retained the ministry until November, 1884, when he resigned. The Rev. H. Bodell-Smith, of Manchester, was the next pastor, commencing his pastorate on Sunday, April 4th, 1886. Isomaii CatI)o'ic«. — This body was said to number three hundred members in 1883, when the foundation-stone of a new chapel was laid in The Lanes, Pudsey. Pending the erection of this building, temporary services was held in a room in Hammer- ton Field. The stone was laid by Canon Motler, of Bradford, and the chapel was dedicated to St. Joseph. The cost of the chapel and its necessary appurtenances was ;^ 1,200. On Sunday morning, the 19th day of April, 1884, the solemn opening of the new Catholic school-chapel, situate in The Lanes, Lowtown, was performed by the Bishop of Leeds (Dr. Corn- thwaite). The Rev. J. Simpson officiated as priest. Rev. Mr. Quinlan as deacon, and the Rev. Mr. Dillon as sub-deacon. As efficient choir was in attendance from the church of St. Mary, ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. II3 Bradford, who were conducted by the Rev. Mr. Galli, and accompanied on the harmonium. The view of the building from the outside, which is the Gothic style of architecture, and in the shape of a parallelogram, is pleasing, but this impression is considerably modified to the near spectator by the high walls with which the building is surrounded. The interior, however, is particularly attractive, very comfortable, and agreeably warmed. It consists of a principal room, or chapel, about 24 yards in length, and about nine in width, the west end being apportioned for the use of infants, and separated from the rest of the chapel by means of glass folding doors, which admirably adapt it to the purposes of a day school, a complete view of the whole being under the eye of the teacher. These portions of the building are furnished with strong movable pitch-pine benches. At the east end is the sanctuary, or sacrarium, separated from the body of the chapel by revolving shutters. In this portion the high altar is placed. The basement of the sanctuary si covered with carpet, and on the left side of the high altar is a figure of the " Sacred Heart," and on the right side an image of the Blessed Virgin. The altar is surmounted by figures of angels and a large crucifix. The altar itself was on Sunday considerably beautified by floral displays, in addition to the usual embellishments. The walls of the sanctuary, and the whole of the chapel, are boarded to the height of about six feet with polished pitch pine. The place will seat about 400 worshippers. The high mass performed was one of Schmidt's. The special blessing of the Bishop, according to which the church was dedicated to St. Joseph, was read by the Rev. Mr. Quinlan. The ordinary lessons of the day being read, and prayer offered, by the Rev. J. Simpson, a sermon was preached by his lordship the Bishop, from the Gospel of St. Luke, chap. 24th, the 36th and a few of the succeeding verses : — " Now, while they were speaking these things, Jesus himself stood in the midst of them and said, Peace be unto you," etc. R POLITICAL HISTORY. HE first known contested election in which Pudsey took a part was in 1741, when Cholmeley Turner and George Fox were proposed, to supply a vacancy in the representation of the county of York, caused by the death of Lord Morpeth. The poll began at the Castle of York, on the 15th of January, 1741, and was open eight days. There went from Pudsey to York 54 freeholders, who voted as follows : — Bailey, Benjamin ... F. Hutchinson, Joseph ... F. Banks, Thomas F. Ingham, Thomas ... .. F. Barraclough, John ... .. F. Knewstub, John F. Beaumont, lohn T. Langley, Thomas ... F. Binks, Benjamin F. Langley, William ... K. Bowcock, Joseph ... F. Lobley, John V. Brooks, Thomas ... F. Lumby, .Samuel .. F. Crummuck, Joseph ... F. Lumby, William ... T. Darnbrough, John ... . F. Lumby, \\ illiam, sen. .. T. Darnlxirough, John... F. Milner, Matthew ... T. Dodgson, Samuel ... ... P. Moss, John ... F. Dodgson, William ... T. Moss, Samuel ... F. Eyles, Thomas F. Moss, William F. Farrar, Abraham ... F. Moss, William T. Farrer, Robert .. T. Procter, Jacob F. Farrar, William F. Procter, John K. Fenton, Samuel F. Rhodes, Joseph .. F. Ferrand, Benjamin ... F. Ryley, William .. T. Hey, Richard F. Smith, Robert F. Hillas, -Samuel, jun. F. Snow, Francis F. Hillhouse, Samuel ... F. Taylor, David F. Himsworth, John ... F. Wainman, John T. Hinchliffe, John F. Walker, Samuel .. F. Hinchliffe, .^amucl ... F. Willassey, lohn y. Hinchiifife, Samuel ... T. Wilson, William ... T. Ilollingworth, Thomas T. Walson, William .. T. Hutchinson, John F. Wilson, Jeremiah ... F. For Cholmeley Turner ... 13. For CJeorge Fox 41. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION, 1807. "5 The initial at the end of the name shows for whom the vote was given. The total state of the poll was C. Turner, 8,005 ! George Fox, 7,049. Which, was Tory and which was Whig, the record does not state. The next great contest was in 1807, when the most exciting and ejipensive contest which has ever occured in the history of electioneering took place in this county, when the two great aristocratic families, Fitzwilliam (Whig) and Harcwood (Tory), were contesting for the representation of the County in Parlia- ment. The candidates were Wm. Wilberforce, Esq., Lord Milton, and the Hon. Henry Lascelles. The real struggle was between Milton and Lascelles, as both parties concurred in the election of Mr. Wilberforce. During the fifteen days' poll, the county was in a state of the most violent agitation, party spirit being wound up to the highest pitch by the friends of the two noble families, and everything being done that money or personal exertion could accomplish ; the roads in every direction were covered with con- veyances of all descriptions, conveying voters from the most remote corners of this great county to York to record their votes. The poll commenced on May 20th and ended June 5th, when the numbers polled were— Wilberforce 11,806; Milton 11,177 Lascelles 10,989. 117 persons went from Pudsey, and they voted as follows : — Milton 98, 94 of them being plumpers ; Lascelles 18 ; Wilberforce 18. The following is a list of the Pudsey voters Ainsworth, Isaac, clothier Ainsworth, Jas, clothier, Tong Ainsworth, Titus, blacksmith Awmack, James, clothier Asquith, John, cooper Balm, John, combmakcr Banks, Thos., clothier Banks, James, do. Eccleshill Banks, Joseph, do Binns, Samuel, do. Alverthorpe Boocock, John do Booth, John do Boyes, bamuel do Boyes, Samuel do Boyes, John do Brown, James, woolstapler ... Carbutt, Thos., clothier Carlisle, Thos. Fairfax, drysalter Carter, Richard, mason Cauthray, Wm., clothier Clayton, J., drysalter, Bramley Clifford, Jeremiah, merchant... Cooper, John, butcher Cooper, John do \V. L. M. Cooper, Wm., clothier .. Cooper, Joseph do Crampton, Wm do. Bramley Crampton, John do. do. ... Crowther, J eremiah do Crowther. John do Dean, John, clothier Dean, Benjamin do Dodgson, Joseph do Driver, Joseph, carpenter Dufton, Thomas, clothier Elsworth, Joseph do. Elwind, VVm. do. Armley Elwind, Wm. do Farrar, Richard do Farrar, Richard, woolstapler... Farrar, Samuel, gent., Bramley Farrar, Samuel, clothier Farrar, John, yeoman, Bramley Farrar, John, clothier Farrar, Wm. do. Farsley... Farrar, Wm. do. Farrar, Henry do. Fearnley, John do W. L. M, ii6 HISTORY OF PU0.SEY. W.L.M. Gaunt, Daniel do Gaunt, John, jun., clothier Greaves, \Vm. do. Greaves, Wm. do. Haiste, Wm. do. Hall, Joseph do. Hall, David do. Hare, John do. W.L.M. Hargreaves, J., Great Horton Harrison, James, clothier Harrison, James do. Harrison, James do. Bramley Harrison, John do. do. Harrison, Wm. do Howgate, Samuel, yeoman ... Helmsley, John, clothier H inchliffe, Joseph, farmer ... : Hinchliffe, John, clothier HinchlifiTe, Samuel do. Hinchliffe, Samuel do. Hining, John do. Hining, Robert do. Hining, Wm. do. Hodgson, Wm., fellmonger ... Howarth, Wm., clerk I I Hutchinson, Abrm.jWoolstapler i Hutchinson, Matt., woolstapler i i Jackson, James, gent. , Bramley I Ingham, Samuel, farmer Jones, Zachariah, smith Laird, Tho. , dissenting minister Lister, John, clothier Lobley, John do Lumby, Wm. do Lumby, Wm. , miller i i8 i8 98 Lumby, Joshua, clothier On the termination of the voting, and the result being made known, such was the enthusiasm of our townsmen that nothing would serve but they must "chair" his lordship, who accordingly was carried by a party of them through the streets of York. After a few squabbles in the streets, such as generally took place formerly at elections, between them and the opposite side, the proceedings terminated ; and though some of the inhabitants of York were desirous of keeping the chair in York, it was brought in triumph to Pudsey, where it was carried round the village in an enthusiastic demonstration of Liberal victory. It was occupied during their perambulations by one of their number, who fre- quently bowed to the cheering crowds a la Lord Milton. The chair was ultimately deposited in the Board room of the Leeds Coloured Cloth Hall. I have in my possession a relic of this election, being one of the orange cards worn by one of those who Lumby, Christopher, clothier . . . Mitchell, Jonathan, carpenter Mitchell, John do. Mitchell, John, clothier Moor, Daniel, butcher Moss, Charles, clothier Moss, Wm., butcher Moss, Samuel, clothier Musgrave, John do Myers, Wm., carrier Nailor, John, mason Dates, Wm., clothier Pool, George, gent., Bramley Ratcliffe, yeoman, Bramley ... Richardson, James, woolstapler Rither, Thomas, merchant Roberts, Benjamin, joiner Scarth, Wm., clothier Senior, Joseph, tailor Scholefield, John, clothier .Shoesmith, Jno. , worsted manf. Tindall, Edmund, clothier ... Upton, John do. Verity, Benjamin do. Bramley Walker, Wm., drysalter Walker, John, carpenter Watkinson, John, cordwainer Webster, John, clothier Wilkinson, Jos., shopkeeper . Wilkinson, Henry, woolstapler Whitfield, John, clothier Whitfield, John do. Wood, Thomas do. THE REFORM BILL. 11/ took part in the contest. Its motto is "Milton a Plumper." During the time of the poll the inhabitants of Pudsey took the liveliest interest in the matter, and assembled in large numbers daily to hear the result of the poll from the special messenger who, when returning by way of Beulah, announced his approach by blowing his horn. There were no daily newspapers or telegraphs at that day to give the result. In 1826, nineteen years after the above great contest, this county was again the scene of keen political excitement. Four members were wanted for the first time. Five were nominated, viz.. Lord Milton, the Hon. W. Buncombe, Mr. John Marshall, Mr. Richard F. Wilson, and Mr. Richard Bethell, and a poll was expected and prepared for ; but previous to the day of election, Mr. Bethell withdrew his name, and the other four were then declared duly elected. As was customary on such occasions, a number of special constables were sworn in to preserve the peace. Lord Milton, who had not forgotten his enthusiastic and warm- hearted friends of 1807, recommended that his constables should be Pudsey men ; accordingly, fifty-two of them were sworn in as " specials," and when the election and subsequent "chairing"of the members terminated, fifty-one men brought home with them to Pudsey the large staves with which they had been furnished, by virtue of their office as constables ; the remaining one belonged to a man who resided at Holbeck,but who was a native of Pudsey. At the " chairing" his lordship was entirely surrounded by these 52 men with their long red staves. I have one of these staves in my possession. No. 30, which is rather over six feet in length, and was borne by my father on that occasion. After the rejection of the Reform Bill, on May 7th, 1832, by the House of Lords, large and enthusiastic meetings were held by the Reformers throughout the country, and on the i6th of May a large meeting of about 4,000 persons was held at Pudsey, in the Crawshaw Fields, convened by the Chief Constable, Mr. John Crampton, in compliance with a numerously-signed requisi- tion. Mr. Crampton was called to preside, and a number of enthusiastic resolutions were passed appropriate to the occasion. In 1832 the Reform Bill was passed after a great struggle, and the county was divided; the West Riding to return two members; the population in 1831 being 976,415, and the electors, in 1832, 16,918. In the Leeds Mercury of the 25th of August, 1832, there appeared the following paragraph : — No place in Yorkshire has shown a more becoming zeal to secure the elective privilege than the populous village of Pudsey. In this place there are about 250 Il8 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. freeholders, etc., entitled to vote for county members, and out of that number, upwards of 230 have registered their votes- The terrors of a "blue " candidate had much influence in quickening their zeal, for they are almost all great admirers of the Sun's own colour — the bright orange. The two gentlemen nominated for members were both Liberals, and there being no other nominations, Lord Morpeth and Sir G. Strickland were declared elected without a contest. In Parsons History of Leeds and Neighbourhood, published in 1834, mention is made that at the first registration of voters in 1832, great excitement was caused by Tory objections to about 90 persons in Pudsey, who were share-holders in the company woollen mills. Sixty-six of the claims were allowed by the revising barrister at Bradford, and the consequence was that the victory was celebrated with unbounded rejoicings, the church bells were rung, and the church steeple was also illuminated during the general congratulations and festivities. In January, 1835, the same two Liberal members were re-elected without opposition ; but on Lord Morpeth being appointed Secretary for Ireland, his re-election was opposed by the Tories, and a contest took place in May, 1835, which resulted as follows : — Pudsey \otes Total voles Lord Mori^eth (L) (136) 9,066 Hon. J. S. Wortley (C) (6l) 6,259 Majority 2,807 There were 218 voters in Pudsey at this time. In August, 1837, another election took place for two mem- bers, resulting as follows :- Pudsey votes Total votes Lord Morpeth (L) (167) 12,638 Sir G. Strickland (L) (163) 12,004 Hon. J. S. Wortley (C) (106) 11,566 Total number of voters in Pudsey, 31 I. In July, 1841, the next election for two members took place, as follows : — Pudsey votes Total votes Hon. J. S. Wortley (C) (143) I3.l6s E. B. Denison (C) (139) 12.780 Lord Morpeth (L) (239) 12,031 Lord Milton (L) (242) 12,080 Total number of voters in Pudsey, 435. On Mr. Wortley succeeding to the peerage, Lord Morpeth was elected in February, 1846, without a contest, and on his appointment to the office of First Lord Commissioner of Woods and Forests, was re-elected in July of the same year. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS. 1 19 In August, 1847, a general election took place, when Lord Morpeth and Richard Cobden, two Liberals, were elected without a contest. On Lord Morpeth succeeding to the peerage in 1848, a con- test for the vacant seat took place, with the following result : — Pudsey votes Total votes Edmuml Denison (C) ('33) '4i743 Sir Culling Eardley (L) (141) ">795 Total number of votes in Pudsey, 321. At a general election in July, 1852, Richard Cobden (L)and Edmund Denison (C) were returned without a contest. In March, 1857, another election took place, when E. Deni- son (C) and Lord Goderich (L) were elected without opposition, and on Lord Goderich succeeding to the peerage in 1859, Sir John W. Ramsden (L), was elected without opposition ; but on the defeat of the Derby Ministry in April, 1859, a general election took place in May, and a contest ensued resulting as follows : — Sir John W. Ramsden (L) 15,98 Francis Crossley (L) ... 15,401 Rt. Hon. J. S. Wortley (C) 13,636 The two Liberal candidates visited Pudsey previous to the election, and addressed a meeting of between 2,000 and 3,000 persons in the open-air on Waver Green ; and Mr. Wortley, the Conservative candidate, also addressed an open-air meeting in Chapeltown, on May 3rd. In January, 1859, a Parliamentary Reform Association was formed in Pudsey, for the purpose of advocating the cause of Parliamentary Reform, and the claims of Pudsey and neighbour- hood being made into an electoral district to send a member to Parliament, with Pudsey as the name aiid centre. Certain persons and journals treated the proposal with derision. But that which was then ridiculed has now become an accomplished fact! In 1861, the West Riding was ordered to be divided into Northern and Southern divisions at the ne.xt election, each to return two members. A general election took place in July, 1865, when Sir Francis Crossley and Lord Frederick Cavendish, two Liberals, were returned for the Northern Division unopposed ; and in the Southern Division a contest occurred with the following result: — Lord .Milton (L) 7,258 H. V. lieaumont (L) 6,975 C. 15. Denison (C) .. 6,884 W. S. .Stanhope (C) 6,819 I20 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. WEST RIDING — EASTERN DIVISION. The first election, after the West Riding was divided into three divisions, took place in Nov., 1868, when a contest was fought with the following result : — Pudsey votes Total votes C. B. Denison (C) {227) 7,437 J. Fielden(C) (223) 7,135 H. S. Thompson (L) (258) 7,047 Isaac Holden (L) (258) 6,867 The Conservative candidates addressed their supporters at the New Inn, Pudsey, on Sept. 30th, and the Liberal candidates addressed a large open-air meeting at Pudsey on Oct. 14th. This was the last election by open voting, the two elections following being by ballot. The first of these was in Feb., 1874, and resulted as follows : — C. B. Denison (C) 8,240 J. Fielden (C) 8,077 Sir J. W. Ramsden (L) 7,285 Isaac Holden (L) 7,2i8 Sir J. W. Ramsden and Mr. Holden visited Pudsey on the 5th of February, and addressed a meeting in the Public Hall. The next general election was in April, 1880, and the result was as follows : — Sir Andrew Fairbairn (L) ... ... ... ... ... 9,Si8 Sir T. W. Ramsden (L) ... 9,406 C. B. Denison (C) 8,341 Lord Lascelles (C) 8,157 All the candidates visited Pudsey and delivered addresses to their supporters, before the election. These notes would not be anything like complete, without some mention being made of the influence which a small body of voters in Pudsey has sometimes exerted in the exciting election contests in Leeds. In 1834 a very close contest took place between the late Mr. Edward Baines and Sir John Beckett, for the representation of the borough. On the second day of the poll, when the result was trembling in the balance, the voters from Pudsey Allan Brigg Mill, about 40 in number, marched in a body, and voted for Mr. Baines, who thus won the election by 30 votes. The Tories were so sore with these honest voters, that they gave them the title of " The Forty Thieves." At the next revision of voters, they were all struck off the voters' list, as joint owners of Allan Brigg Mill, on account of a flaw in the list, as they were entered as of the firm of "Webster, Horn & Co.," in the rate book, instead of "Webster, Horn, Harrison & Co." Whether this was accidental or otherwise, there were different opinions on THE PUDSEY DIVISION. I.2I the matter. However, this error was afterwards rectified, and at almost every election which has taken place since then, this little corner of the borough of Leeds has been visited by the Liberal candidates during their canvass to address the electors. An important political event in the history of Pudsey was the acquisition of the name of the " Pudsey Division " given to one of the six sub-divisions into which the Eastern Division of the West Riding was apportioned by the Redistribution Bill of 1 885. The name was given in the first instance, by the Boundary Commissioners in their scheme, and was subsequently favoured by the Commissioner sent down to Leeds to take evidence. In April, 1885, when the House of Commons met in Committee on the Seats Bill, a claim was made that the name should be changed to Calverley, or Kirkstall, but this was defeated. At the Quarter Sessions, held at Bradford, on June 29th, the Justices directed that Pudsey should be the centre for all purposes relating to the election of members to Parliament for the " Pudsey Division," and this decision gave unqualified satisfaction to the inhabitants. The townships v/hich comprise the Pudsey division (1885) are as follows : — Population. Acreage. Rateable Value. Re^S"" Calverley 2,246 2,074 13.872 477 Churwell 1,973 489 7>7fco 353 Drighlington 4,214 1,136 10,050 690 Earsley 4,434 860 13,472 878 Gildersome 3,470 993 9,833 575 Horsforth 6,346 2,801 20,770 1,148 Hunsworth 1,516 1,380 11,742 267 Pudsey 12,314 2,409 37,634 ',625 Rawdon 3,407 1,559 i7,io7 558 Tong 5,591 2,657 17,881 995 Leeds (Freeholders of Pudsey Division) 4,423 11,989 At the first election of a Member of Parliament for the Pudsey Division, the candidates were Briggs Priestley, Esq., J. P., of Fcrncliffe, Apperley, and Surr William Duncan, Esq., of Horsforth Hall. The event came off on December ist, 1885, and great interest was manifested in the proceedings. The arrangements for the election were in the hands of Sir George W. Morrison, Knight, the deputy returning officer, who received, after the result was declared, the hearty thanks of both the candidates for the fairness and impartiality with which he had discharged his onerous duties. The casting up the votes took S 122 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. place in the Mechanics' Institute, and the result was made known to the crowd assembled outside the building at 1 1 p.m. on the day of polling. The numbers were : — Briggs Priestley (Liberal) 6,363 Surr W. Duncan (Conservative) 4>o39 Liberal majority .. 2,324 At the general election in July, 1886, the candidates were Briggs Priestley, Esq., and Arthur W. Riicker, Esq. The polling took place on July 7th, when the result was as follows : — Briggs Priestley (Liberal) ... .. S)207 A. VV. Riicker (Liberal Unionist) 4,036 Liberal m.ijority l,!?! Mr. Briggs Priestley was born at Thornton, in the year 1831. The business career of Mr. B. Priestley has been bound up with the Bradford trade, and by untiring energy and business sagacity he has won for himself a prominent position in the ranks of our captains of industry. In early life he was employed as a mill- hand at the works of Messrs. Craven and Harrop, manufacturers, Thornton, but his diligence and general aptitude for business were not allowed to pass unrecognised. Mr. Priestley was ac- cordingly promoted to the responsible position of "market man," and eventually, upon the retirement of his employers in 1858, he entered into partnership with Mr. Francis Craven. Two years later Mr. Priestley established himself in Bradford as a manufacturer, in co-partnership with his brother, the late Mr. Henry Priestley, who at that time was running a portion of Shearbridge Mills. After a time this connection was dissolved, and Mr. Priestley took possession of the Atlas Mills, Laisterdyke, where, in conjunction with his sons, he has built up a business of considerable magnitude. In addition, the firm have worsted mills at Thornton, and altogether find employment for upwards of 1,000 operatives. Mr. Briggs Priestley, as the head of the firm, is now practically retired from business life, and has devoted the last few years to tours of observation in various parts of the globe. We believe that Mr. Priestley's greatest pride and satisfaction connected with his commercial career, is that for thirty years he has been able to maintain unbroken a good and friendly feeling betwixt himself and his employes. During many years of active life Mr. Priestley has not for- gotten his duty in regard to the public service. For thirteen years he rendered valuable assistance to the work of local BRIGGS PRIESTLEY, M.P. 123 government. He was elected a member of the Town Council for Little Horton Ward, Bradford, in 1867, and was identified in succeeding years with the various committees of that muni- cipal body. As chairman of the Recreation Grounds Committee, his untiring zeal and generosity resulted in the provision of a park for Horton. He likewise inaugurated the proposal for the establishment of a permanent art gallery and museum in Brad- ford. While still a councillor for Little Horton Ward, Mr. Briggs Priestley was selected as chief magistrate of the borough in 1877. In November, 1879, he was elevated to the aldermanic bench, but retired from municipal office in the following year. For a long period of years Mr. Priestley was also a member of the Council of the Bradford Chamber of Commerce, the Brad- ford Board of Guardians, and the Infirmary Board. He occupies a seat on the borough bench of magistrates. Mr. Priestley has in many ways practically demonstrated the interest he takes in the elevation and moral and social well- being of those by whom he is surrounded. In 1868 he established in New Leeds district a school, at which orphan children received free education and food and clothing. Two years later Mr. Priestley founded a school for fatherless children in the Bolton Road district, but the altered relationship of the State in regard to elementary education compelled the closing of these schools. In politics Mr. Priestley is an advanced Liberal, and has in many ways proved his usefulness in the sphere of practical politics. On the formation of the Liberal Association for the Eastern Division of Bradford, he was chosen president. For some years Mr. Priestley has resided at Femcliffe, Apperley Bridge. In religion he is a Baptist, and when resident in Brad- ford was connected with Trinity Chapel. In 1852 he married Miss Crabtree, a lady of Lincolnshire extraction, but who at the time was living in Bradford with her brother, a minister attached to the Primitive Methodist denomination. Mr. Priestley's family consists of four sons and two daughters. In concluding our sketch of the political history of Pudsey, we may remark, that in a Parliamentry return issued in February, 1887, referring to the illiterates who voted at the general election in July, 1886, the fitness of the voters in the Pudsey Division to exercise the franchise was clearly demonstrated. According to official and authoritative documents, this division stands at the head of the County Parliamentary Divisions in Yorkshire, as having tke fewest illiterate voters. The illiterates in the Pudsey Division, in which there were 9,243 voters, were one in 134. In PUDSEY BIG PUDDING. 1 25 Bradford the proportion was one in 103, in Leeds one in 58. In England and Wales the average was one in 62, Scotland one in 74, and in Ireland, one voter in every five, was illiterate. Whenever any great political question has arisen, an expression of feeling has generally been given by the politicians of Pudsey. In proof of this, I need only refer to the newspaper accounts of the public meetings and lectures, held at various times, for the discussion of political questions. During the Corn Law agitation, Pudsey was most enthusiastic in its demonstrations in favour of a repeal of the obnoxious impost, and during several years meetings were held and lectures given, until the question was finally settled. The year 1846 will always be memorable in British history as the time when the Corn Laws were repealed. All over the country, but most particularly in the manufacturing districts, there were demonstrations of rejoicing, but none of these enthusiastic manifestations of the public feeling were more characteristic or racy of the soil than that which took place at Pudsey. At Leeds the news of the passing of the measure in the House of Lords repealing the Corn Laws, after considerable agitation, was received with many signs of public rejoicing. But at Pudsey an original and typical mode of celebrating the important event was adopted. A number of Free Traders had formed themselves into what was called " The Little Committee," which met at the house of Mr. John Baker, the rate-collector, to devise means to celebrate the great event. Amongst those forming the committee and the promoters of the demonstration were Messrs. W. Huggan, W. Hinings, senr., J. A. Minings, John Emsley (now of America), W. Musgrave, S. Musgrave, W. D. Scales, G. Hinings, R. Gaunt, J. E. Hinings, W. R. Hinings, John Boocock, Jas. Halliday, John Baker, Hy. Wilcock, Cleo. Myers, Jno. Haigh, Jas. Hargreaves, Geo. Walton, Edmund Dufton, and W. Wood. The outcome of the deliberations of " The Little Com- mittee " was the determination to provide a monster plum pudding — such a pudding as the world had never seen before. We have heard it said it was the suggestion of Mr. J. A. Hinings, but whoever conceived the idea it proved a big success, and helped to make more widely known a place that had already achieved great distinction amongst its neighbours. The pud- ding was composed of twenty stones of flour, with suet, fruit, etc., in proportion. The ingredients were divided amongst twenty housewives, who each mixed her share into the requisite 126 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. consistency, ready for the final blending. Leave was obtained of the Crawshaw Mill Co. to boil the monster pudding in one of the dye-pans of the " Leadhus." The pan having been duly .scoured, it was filled with water from the spring. The dames then brought their twenty " bowls " containing the mixed flour, fruit and suet, and these were tipped into a large and strong new canvas " poke " — specially made for the purpose — and by means of a windlass that had been fixed over the pan the " weighty matter " was hoisted into the vessel. For three days and nights the pudding was kept boiling, along with half a dozen smaller ones to keep it company. On the 3 1 st July, 1 846, the puddings were craned out of the huge copper, and placed upon a wherry, lent by Mr. W. Wood, stone merchant. Here the steaming monster sat in triumph, the smaller puddings being around it, the whole forming a solid and substantial evidence of the material idea meant to be conveyed by the recent Act of the Legislature, and the benefits it was believed the people would reap thereby. A procession was formed, headed by Mr. J. A. Minings and Mr. Saml. Musgrave, on horseback, and four grey horses were yoked to the wherry containing the puddings, the driver of which, James Wilson, watchman at the Priestley Mill at the time, but who had previously been a sailor, exhibited no small degree of pride in the part he played in the memorable event of that day. Hundreds of persons joined the procession, and thousands of others lined the streets, the liveliest interest being shown in the demonstration — even beyond the borders of the town, for visitors from far and wide having heard of the " stir " came to see the " Pudsey big pudding."* Afterwards the procession returned to Crawshaw Mill, where, in the adjoining field, tables were arranged in the form of a large military square, the wherry with its toothsome freight being placed in the centre. Tickets were sold at a shilling each to those who were desirous of dining off the extraordinary pudding, but each guest had to provide his own plate, and knife and fork or spoon. Hundreds of hungry onlookers sat on the walls surrounding the field, and once at least these made an ugly rush to get to the tables, but they were driven back and kept at bay by the vigilance of Messrs. J. A. Hinings and Saml. Musgrave, who, on horseback, kept up an incessant patrol of the ground. The pudding was literally dug out by Mr. W. Hinings, senr., who was armed with a small spade for the purpose. That the dish was of an excellent *Our illustration ot the procession of the Bi^ Pudding, is copied from a stained glass window in the panel of the door of the billiard room at Grove House. Pudsey. The full size of the picture is ^ feet by 2 feet. It was painted for Mr. VV. D. Scales, by Mr. Booer, of Leeds, in the year 1878. PEACE REJOICINGS. 12/ nature is proved by the fact that some of the guests " sent up their plates " three or four times ! But there are limits to every- thing — even the congenial occupation of eating plum pudding with rum sauce accompaniment must come to an end, and after the last of the guests who had paid their shillings had been served, there was still some of the pudding left, and the aforesaid hungry onlookers and others then had a turn, the result being that the last of the " Big Pudding " was soon safely tucked away, and so ended a remarkable incident in the history of Pudsey. Addresses were given, — Messrs. G. Hinings, John Emsley (now of Philadelphia, U.S.A.), and one or two others, haranguing the crowd upon the great and glorious event that had been achieved for the masses of the people in the repeal of the Corn Laws, in a manner that would have delighted Ebenezer Elliott himself Nor were the women who had assisted in making the pudding, etc., forgotten, for, on the following day, they sat down to a rum and tea party, of such a substantial character that it is still remembered hy such as survive, in the most lively manner.* On public occasions when the loyalty of the inhabitants has been appealed to, political differences have been forgotten, and all classes have worked harmoniously together. In 1856, on the termination of the war with Russia, the return of peace was celebrated by a general rejoicing. The mills and shops were closed either the whole or part of the day, and very little work was done. Extensive preparations had been made for the procession, — tea parties, dinners, and other rejoicings and demonstrations. At half-past one o'clock the inhabitants began to assemble in Chapeltown to join the procession. The pro- gramme of the day commenced by the reading of the proclamation of peace, by John Farrer, Esq., J. P., Grove House. The Rev. H. J. Graham, M. A., incumbent of Pudsey, then delivered a .short address, at the conclusion of which the procession moved off in the following order : — The Chief Constable, on horseback ; Three Crimean Heroes, wearing their medals, in full dress, and on horseback ; Yorkshire Hussars, in Uniform ; Four Peninsula and Waterloo Veterans, wearing their medals; The Pudsey West End Brass Band; Great Peace Banner; Carriages ; Gentlemen on horseback, three abreast ; Waggons, Wherries, and Carts; 1 he Pudsey Reed Band ; * *i his account of the Pudsey demonstration has been contributed by Mr. John Middlebrook, of Pudsey. 128 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Gentlemen on foot, four abreast ; Workpeople from the various Manufactories; Members of the Literary Union; Members of the various Friendly Societies; The Pudsey Union Band; Sunday School Teachers and Children. The procession moved down Church Lane, Lowtown, Lane-end, returning by the King's Arms, up Lowtown, on Manor-house Street, down Robin Lane, Littlemoor, up Fartown, Bankhouse Lane, through Fulneck, up Fartown, along Greenside to Chapel- town, where it terminated after singing the National Anthem. AH the aged persons in the town who wished to do so partook of a good tea, prepared for them at the following places : — The Public Rooms, Lowtown; National School, Radcliffe Lane; Independent School, Greenside ; and Mr. E. Sewell's School-room, Fulneck. The utmost unanimity and order pervaded all classes during the procession, and throughout the day ; and the committee received great praise for their indefatigable labours in the management and getting up of these rejoicings. In the evening a grand display of fireworks took place in Chapeltown. Amongst the rest appeared in fire "Peace," "The Town and Trade of Pudsey," and, as a finale, " God save the Queen." The whole display was made by Mr. Scott, of Pudsey. In the evening several private illuminations took place in gas devices, transparencies, etc. The mill-owners treated their workpeople with roast beef, plum pudding, and other edibles : — Albion, Cliff, Crawshaw, Claughton Garth, and Union. These mills employ above 500 persons. Messrs. Scales and Salter, boot and shoe makers, gave the persons in their employ (nearly ninety), a substantial treat of roast beef, plum pudding, etc. Mr. W. Huggan, cloth manufacturer, also treated his men in the same way ; and several sheep were roasted in various parts of the town for the enjoyment of the inhabitants generally. The marriage of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales with the Princess Alexandra in 1863, was celebrated in Pudsey in a truly loyal style. The bells of the church sent forth their merry peals at intervals during the day, and British, Danish, and other flags were hung out in every street, and the day was observed as a general holiday. Notwithstanding the very unfavourable state of the weather, the procession started at the time appointed, and was a very creditable display. It assembled in Chapeltown at one o'clock, and shortly afterwards started off in the following order : — Gentlemen on horseback, gentlemen's carriages, etc.; four of Captain Pepper's railway wherries; waggons PUBLIC REJOICINGS. 1 29. and other conveyances ; Pudsey Union Band, with large banner; Pudsey Choral Society; Pudsey fire engine and brigade ; gentle- men on foot ; police ; Sunday Schools ; Church Schools ; Independent School ; Wesleyan Upper School ; Primitive Methodist School ; Zioh School ; Wesleyan Lower School. The procession moved down Church Lane, Lowtown, and returning up Lowtown, passed on Manor-house Street, down Robin Lane, Littlemoor, up Fartown, Greenside to Chapeltown, where it separated, after singing the National Anthem, and giving three cheers for the Prince of Wales and the Princess Alexandra, three for the Queen, and three for the township of Pudsey. The whole of the proceedings were ably carried out under the super- intendence of Mr. E. Sewell, the honorary secretary, and other members of the committee. A good substantial tea was provided gratuitously for all the old people above sixty years of age, in five of the different schools in the town. After the procession the school children were treated with a tea, etc., at their respective schools. Wedding favours of Coventry riband and medals were very generally worn. In the evening a partial illumination took place. A sheep was roasted whole at Littlemoor, and partaken of by a large number at the Railway Hotel. AA ETYMOLOGIES. HE origin and derivation of the name "Pudsey"are far from being satisfactorily settled. The derivation may be from " Pode " (Latin), signifying foot or bottom, or from " Pod," derived from Boede, or Bode (Dutch), signifying a habitation, and " Schaia," brow of a hill. Those who are acquainted with Pudsey will know that the town extends from the foot, or bottom, to the brow of a hill, and that it is a town or habitation on the hill, and, no doubt, it bore a similar name to Podechesaie before the Norman Conquest, when Dunstan and Stainulf, two Saxon thanes, were its possessors, and its value was given at forty shillings — a considerable sum in those days, though after- wards it was reduced to waste by the Norman invader. The late Rev. N. Greenwell has given the following as the derivation of the name: — Pudsey. — Pudda's water, Pud, pudda, O.E., a man's name, Ey, ea, O.E., water. To this supposition, there is no probability whatever of its being correct, and no one who knew the natural features of the township could have put forth such a supposition, as there is no water near the place which could have given any countenance to the origin of such a name. Another writer, A. S. E., has written on the same subject a much more probable derivation than that of Mr. Greenwell's, viz. : In taking the oldest spelling of the name, Fodechesaie, as found in Domesday Book, we must recollect that the scribes of that remarkable record were Normans, and sometimes wrote "vill" for " well,"— instead of " Thurstanland," wrote "'losten- land," as they spelt the well-known Christian name without the"r." The "s" in P udsey is almost certainly the possessive, belonging to the first syllable, which leaves ETYMOLOGIES. 131 the second the well-kno^Ti suffix, denoting an enclosure, which we have in " Round- hay." Whether " Podech" is a man's name or represents some form of the Celtic word meaning the same thing as " hay," i.e., park or paddock, I will not pretend to say, but it is very common to find the second part of a name to be an unconscious translation of the first. Before proceeding to mention other suppositions respecting the derivation of the name, I will give a list of the different ways of spelling it, which I have copied from various old charters and deeds, which are in the British Museum, Public Record Office, London, and in private hands. Podechesaie Pudekescia Pudekesaye Puteacho Pudegesaia Pudekesay Pudekeshey Pudeysay Pudkesay Puchegchesay Pudkessaye Pudekessai Pudesheye Pudehesaia Poduscey Podekesey Pudesreshey Puduscey Pudeshaye Pudesay Podesay Pudeshey Puddessay Podesheye Pudessay Podusay Pudgsay Pugsay Poddesay Pudesedaia Pudegesaia Podesai Puddessay Pudesey Pudsay Puddesay Pudsey Pudse Puddisey Pudsaye In Domesday Book Grant of Land to Kirkstall Abbey ... Charters conveying land Charters relating to Bishop Pudsey . . . Calverley I'eeds Hailstone's MSS. and Calverley Deeds do. do. do. do. do. Calverley Charters... do. do. do. do. Bodleian Library, MSS Kirkby's Inquest Wakefield Manor Rolls Ancient MS Grant of Land Hailstone's MSS. Grant of Land ... Kirkby's Inquest Calverley MSS do. do. Knight's Fees and do do. do. do. do. Deed. Sale of House and Land do. Calverley MSS do. do. do. do. do. do. Hailstone's MSS. ... do. do. Calverley MSS do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Valor Ecclesiasticus Calverley Deeds do. do. do. 1081 to 1088 1190 1 154 to 1189 1180 1216 to 1272 1222 to 1249 1230 1284 1297 1298 1300 1300 1303 1272 to 1307 1 30s ♦ » 1320 1307 1307 to 1327 1272 to 1307 1350 »357 1387 140I 1401 1420 1431 IS3S 1558 1559 With regard to the opinion held by some writers that Richard de Pudsey, the founder of the ancient Pudsey family, gave his name to the place, the following excerpt from the MSS. 132 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. of John HopkinSON, gent., a Yorkshire antiquary, as copied and corrected by Mr. Thomas Wilson, F.S.A., of Leeds, and now in the Leeds Old Library, will be the best answer which can probably be given : — Immediately preceding the Conquest, A.D. 1066, the manor of Pudsey was ■divided betwixt two Saxon Thanes, Dunstan and Stainulf, who, opposing the Conqueror, were disinherited, and the manor laid waste. Whereupon the Conqueror gave it, with many other manors, unto Ilbert de Lacy, one of his generals, who settled it in fee upon one of his favourite Normans. Bolton and Barford underwent the same fate. The former, before the Conquest, was in the possession of Berulf, and given to Lord Wm. -Percy, the latter to Alan, I'arl of Richmond, the Conqueror's nephews. Soon after the Conquest a general survey of the kingdom was taken, and the confiscated lands settled upon the Normans, to be holden of the king in capite, which estate, being too extensive to be holden by the Lord in demesne, they dis- persed several manors to other of their friends, to be holden in fee simple. So, the land being thus settled upon Normals, who, as is the custom in their country, took upon themselves surnames from the names of the places of their several settlements, and the better to distinguish, etc., several families, as Richard of Pudsey, John of Bolton, etc. Another derivation is given by Mr. J. TURNER, of Farsley, who says : — My own impression is that the word Pudsey is altogether topographical anil formed on the same model as other local names in the district, as Parsley, Calverley, Stanningley, Bramley, Shipley, etc. It will be observed that these names consist of two elements standing to each other as adjective and noun. Herein lies the key to their derivation, and if they were spelled etymologically they would appear as follows : — Furze-ley, Calf-ley, Stony-ley, Beck-ley, Broom-ley, Sheep-ley, etc. Now if the word Pudsey has been formed in this manner, and I believe it has, its original would most probably be Paddocks Hough, or Toads' Hollow. In support of this derivation I give the following reasons : — 1. It accords with the most ancient forms of the word, viz., Podechesaie, and Pudekescia. 2. It is topographically descriptive, as Pudsey abounds in houghs y or shams. 3. The term Hough is still preserved in the district ; as Hough End, Swinnow or Swine Hough. 4. The local pronunciation of the name is not Pudsey, but Pudso. The abbreviated form of Paddock, when it signifies a toad, is Pad ; hence it is easy to understand how Paddocks Hough became Pads Hough, and eventually Pudsey. Turning our attention to the present local designations of farms, fields, and places in Pudsey, I find that some of these are of very early origin, but the meanings of them can be clearly a.scertained, though in a few instances the appellations have met with contractions and corruptions in their transmission to us. Chapeltown is so named from the chapel, and is probably the oldest named district in the town, for, in an old book, published in 1 577, I find " Pudsey Chapell " mentioned. Church Lane, a modern name, derived from the church standing at one end of the same. Lidget-hill, Lidgete or Leodgate is an old term for road-gate (Saxon). £(?w/ow«, signifying the lower part of the town. Robin Lane and some others probably derive their name from some person, resident, as in the case of Radcliffe Lane, ETYMOLOGIES. 133 derived from Mr. Radcliffe, a gentleman who resided there. Cliff, signifying rock, as where the Cliff Mill stands. Littlemoor, so named to distinguish it from the Uppermoor, both of which were waste lands seventy years ago. Fulneck, formerly called Fall'neck or Fall'nack, or oak. Banks stands for hill (Saxon). Greeittop, Greenbottom, and Greenside all denote their meaning, as surrounding a large open space called " The Green." West Royd Hill, " royd " signifies an essart or ground cleared of wood (Saxon). Windmill Hill, so named from the windmill. Waterloo, probably named from the battle of that name. Gibraltar, pro- bably so called from the fortress of that name, in the Mediter- ranean, on account of the rocky nature of the place. Marsh, marshy land probably when named. Allcotes means cottages or sheds, " cotes " (Saxon). Carr, a hollow as Black Carr, near Pudsey (Saxon). At the present time there exist in Pudsey sundry clusters of houses called " folds," and these were originally erected for purposes of mutual protection and defence. These are known as Back Fold, Carlisle Fold, Driver's Fold, Parsonage Fold, Turner's Fold, Wilson's Fold, and others. It may be well to explain that, notwithstanding the term " fold " had for some centuries been used as applying to a single enclosure, it originally meant a wide, open plain. Of footpaths, we have many, the designations of which may afford the student of etymology exercise for his talents, viz. : Back Lane, Great Rails, Hammerton Field, Jersey, Primrose Hill, Red LaitJie, Tofts, and Workhouse Lane. The following derivations are givenby Mr.W.WHEATER, an authority on place names : — Troydale, suggestive in name and yet most picturesque in aspect — even now the sylvan pride of the district. Its name is to be derived from the Celtic word, "Trowch" — a turn, as it does turn sharply, from the Norse RA Kjarr (Roker, to-day) at the bottom of the Fulneck valley. How significant these two names, both referred to the same spot ! In the woody vale to which his word clings the Celt had lingered to the last. In the gill which ends at the Rd-Kjarr — the low-lying pasture at the corner— the Norseman had obtained the supremacy, and there fixed his " local habitation and a name." Onward to the north, through this umbrageous Troydale, the picture was closed by the rugged Hough, which terminates Bramley, and again speaks of the Norseman. Liai>ett Hill has som-s touch of the Celt remaining upon it ; it is the Lydgate or Ludgate Hill of the more famous places, and speaks of the people and their way to a more famous object, as does its metropolitan prototype. Hlud-geat is the Old English expression, meaning a back-door. The monks of Kirkstall have rendered us good service by illustrating, in their freed of land, the circumstances of that " ager," which gave name to Aker's Hall. 'eter de Ferslay, son of Roger de Leysing, gave to them a messuage, etc. , called Swayn-rode, near Belle-hus-gate, with the land lying between Swayn-rode, next to Belle-hus-dyke. In Belle-hus we have another bol-hus, a farmstead and house, and in Belle-hus-dyke we have the dyke thereabouts. This repetition shows us how the lands were cleared, and the hunting grounds of the Celt turned into the cornfields of modern England. 134 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. The name of the Swayn-rode fixes its own identity — it was in what we now call Swinnow — Svinr-haugr, the boys' hill. This was no mere peasants' hill ; but whatever it was because it was the boys' -hill it marked occupation by a generation later than the men who held the Crimbles.and the Bol-hus, perhaps Gospatric and friends, and those who cleared Troydale. Adam Sampson, of Pudsey, was a great donor of lands to the Abbey ; it may be that when Sir Walter de Calverley, Knight, gave to the Chaplain of Yeadon, Nicholas Adamson, licence to give to the monks in Pudsey a messuage, and 33 acres of land, it was to Nicholas, the son of this very Adam, the gift perhaps being afterwards known as the Priestley, the location of which would still be determined by PrUstley Mill. Allan Bn'sg is the modern form of the Old English Alewan-brycg, which means the " bridge at the aloe tree." Nasty, dirty, confined, and confused is the spot now-a- days, but when that aloe tree flourished on the banks of a mountain stream, a sweeter spot would rarely be found. At its feet lay the opening Troydale, above which was the frontage of Farnley, where the bracken glossed the meadow and the oak shaded the bareness of the hill. The birds sang there in the groves, in the thickets the stag raised his antlers in the perfection of forest pride. The wide stretch of Swinnow Moor bore the heather-bell and the purple bilberry. The ox-team and the "labouring swain" fringed that free expanse at the Intake, but the Outgang was the home of the bee and the pasture of the doe and the fawn. Army cloths were not then made in Pudsey, and filth was not poured into its pellucid streams, where the trout leapt, and the crane and the heron sought their evening meals. Greenside, a name which plainly indicates the place where Gothic Pudsey held its sports and its gambols— where the maypole would be raised and the lads and lasses would steal to that sweet commingling, which ends the dream of childhood and awakens the dreams amidst the stern realities of life. The Greenside slopes down to the Rad-cliffe and Littlemoor bottom, in other words, as I take it, to the foot of the people's land. Beyond Littlemoor bottom, that is, lower down the slope of the hill, were the Troydale domains, where the Celtic hunter and the wrestling [leasant were working out their destiny. The Green of gothic Pudsey has its site yet marked by the street names. The Norse word SiJa means a margin, and therefore in Greenside we have our margin. Greentop, at the foot of the Heights, and the commencement of Fartown, would be what its name indicated, the southern extremity. But where ended the Green towards the West ? Not three hundred yards away from the Greenside, I presume ; there where West Royd now starts for its ascent to Pine Belly Hill — a bluff corner, where the storms of winter rage with unbroken fierceness, and where Jumbles Well still remains, though a degraded worthlessness. In these names— W?rf Royd axiA fumbles — there are other word-pictures. The former speaks of a clearing in the forest or brash, which then crowned the Heights curling round to Nesbit Hall and Bankhouse, and falling down the Banks to Black Carr. The words are entirely Norse, and include the presence of the Celt. Down to the Tudor days at least, Pudsey presented woodland features at every turn. James Saile and Mary Saile were rearing a family in Pudsey when the Spanish Armada was coming to threaten our liberties. Their surname came to an ancestor from one of the "Sayles " or little ''woods" of the township. Royd, derived from the Icelandic Kjothr, denotes a "clearing" and a rjothr-hflggrinn was a portion "cut, cleared." As a surname, the word became generic. (Alice Royds of Pudsey, died in 1642.) The surnames, Higing, Huggan, and Hogg, clearly enough akin to this Norse Hoggrinn, are amongst the earliest in the parish of Calverley. Ann, the daughter of John Higings, was baptised at Calverley in 161 1. In the word Jumbles we may perhaps have a corruption of the Norse word Jomali, which was originally the name of the idol of the Finns, and may, among these men of Norse ancestry, have come in time to signify an idol more generally, hence allowing the inference that on this edge of the green at Pudsey — over Pudsey, says the sixteenth century register, as opposed to Nether Pudsey, that is, Lowtown — the then pellucid well had some form of tutelary god or idol. Again, let us here try to restore a panorama of the past. Beyond this Greenside, to the east, and on the southern slope of the Celtic Hwpp, or modern Hobbs, lay nestling Chapeltown, the nucleus of Over Pudsey ; west of this line of Chapeltown, ETYMOLOGIES. 135 and still on the eminence was Windmill Hill, where the wrecked windmill now stands, and where Robert Milner " le molendinarius de Pudsey " was raising a family of children in the days of good Queen Bess— they were afterwards to become somewhat celebrated. That Windmill Road, winding round to Jumbles,and thence to West Koyd — where the wood undoubtedly was — almost marks the very commencement of the steep abyss of 8malewell, and the south wood which grew there, as I conceive, for the north wood just across Tyersal beck was only royded a few years ago. '1 his flat was the playground of Pudsey ; it was once pierced by a footpath which came straight in from Chapeltown to Jumbles Well ; that footpath exists to-day as far as Windmill Lane, but a span away from the well. The well was an object of special adoration to our ancestors, both Norse and Angle. On the re-introduction of Christianity into Northumbria, after the deluge of Danish Paganism, the priests were particularly exhorted to wean their flocks away from the old objects of their praise, and one of the methods adopted was to dedicate the wells to some saint, to whose honour a cross or some other image was raised, a piece of pious fraud evidently adopted to steal the prayers that could not be suppressed. Another ancient footpath has crossed the green, and very probably has found its way to the Hobbs, and the Puddock's water, before it was strangled at the present Smalewell Road by that unsightly congeries of hovels, known as the Square. It comes up straight from Bank House over the Heights, and is obviously a continuation of the old pathway which descends Scobro, and marks, to my fancy, a primeval footpath, first beaten by the foot of the Celt, but of a type known to the Roman and not liked by him, when forest incursions were necessary and boisterous Brigantes on the war path, and afterwards to the Norseman, who called such roads Ein-sligi, a single path, so narrow that only one can pass; and then in turn to the Norman, who with William the Conqueror, when tearing northward in the frenzy of rage, threaded over such a one, from Castleford to York, the locus of that path being yet known as the Ainsty. The ascent of Bank House Hill in the face of a crowd of hostile Celts would be no child's play ; military mettle of the firmest kind could alone accomplish it. In contra-distinction to Jumbles Well is Smnle- Well, hard by. The word Smale of the compound seems like a relic of the Icelandic-word Small, meaning pro- perly small cattle, especially sheep, but also goats, and, in a later sense, cattle generally. The distinction in the nomenclature of these wells is most interesting. At the Smale- well, where the cattle, or, perchance, the herdsman drank, there was no idol ; the pure pellucid water was alone of worth ; no pilgrimages of love or devotion were performed to that well ; it was on no flat, grassy green, where the loiterer could carelessly while away time, and expiate his sins by an Ave Maria ; it was no path where the fervid maiden could easily stroll, awaiting the coming of the loving swain. It was in a stark precipice, toilsome of ascent, and more fitting for the nimble foot, than for the expectant lover. Of Smalewell it was only to be noted that cattle drank there ; it was too difficult of approach to need an idol, for pilgrimages thereto could not be made to pay. I take these deductions to be highly corroborative of each other, and they restore to me the fringe of trees at the Banks, and the Royd End at Pine Belly ; the whirling windmill on the hill, and all the surrounding groves from the Hobbs to the Royd, resound with the song of the lark and the tender billing of the plaintive cushat. In this wild district there is, however, one noteworthy feature which bears considerable significance. AH the fence divisions of the fields are stone walls, while at the Carrs at Roker and throughout Troydale the divisions are hedges. In the former place, the royding had been effectual and so diflicult to replace, as to compel the use of stones ; in the latter, it had been, if equally effectual, at least, capable of easier restoration. In leaving the subject of etymologies, it is to be understood that the derivations are not given as indisputable facts. The author himself is only too ready to admit that the most careful analysis of place-names may be based upon a fallacy. EXTENT, FEATURES, AND POPULATION. UDSEY township comprehends within its limits, or boundaries, the hamlet of Tyersal, part of Stanningley, and the Moravian settlement of Fulneck, and its superficial area is 2,545 acres. The township is situated in the midst of an interesting field of geological research, surrounded by strata of the most valuable and varied kind. On the north and east range, is the carboni- ferous or mountain limestone, extending through the northern counties, and supporting the coal measures, containing also abundance of metalliferous ore and organic remains of shells and corals. The south and west arc bounded by the great Yorkshire coal field and the extensive millstone grit formation — the latter of which extends from Derbyshire to Northumberland. This complex deposit is the principal geological feature of the strata underlying the township of Pudsey. This formation is a kind of coarse-grained gritty sandstone, containing numerous beds of shale, limestone, and, in some places, coal. The beds in some instances contain innumerable impressions of coal plants. The thin layers of coal found in the immediate neighbourhood are not of much value, but the layers of shale have an important effect upon the character of the soil. The excellent quality and durability of building stone quarried in the township and neigh- bourhood are justly celebrated throughout England. Iron pyrites have occasionally been found in well-sinking, and small speci- mens of mica and quartz in the various stone quarries. FEATURES. 1 37 Layers of plastic clay are found on the south side of the township, and in some parts excellent beds of yellow clay ; but most of these beds are so thin and inconsiderable, that they would almost lead to the conjecture that they are only the croppings of the extensive foundations by which they are surrounded, having become dislocated by some of the mighty geological disturbances that have affected the whole island. Being at a considerable elevation, Pudsey commands most extensive views of the surrounding country, and from the heights above Grccntop it is said that Pontefract Castle can be seen with the aid of a glass. On the south of the township is the deep gill which bounds long and Tyersall — a beautiful roman tic gill peered o'er by Fulneck ; still wood clad and sylvan, but beginning to suffer at the hands of the manufacturers. As I wandered through the glen by the side of that murmuring stream, how often was my mind thrown back to the days when the careless hunter roved with his hawk and hound, and the scream of the fluttered wood-bird arose, instead of the clash of the shuttle ; when Tong was baronial, and rustic Pudsey mostly in the hands of the monks of Kirkstall. Let us now restore one of the panoramas of the past. When the Angle chieftain, Stanning, looked from his hall towards the noon- day sun his vision was bounded by the slope which the Celt called the " hwpp," where the footpath now runs. He called it the " hrice," as we call it a rig, or as people of culture and superior education tone it down, the ridge. It was then wood-grown, shady, verdant, and sacred to the foot of the hunter. The leafy garment that shaded it, the Angle called a "Scua," which custom and superior education has so softened that we know the word as a shaw. And so " the wood on the ridge " — the rig-wood — became in Angle speech the "hrice scua," and as the feet of after generations trod a path to that wood the path became the " hrice-scua " lane, which the changes of time twisted so slightly that for twenty generations the path was known as Kikershaw Lane. But alas ! by the advancement of learning, the truth- telling designation had to be clothed in new gar- ments, and from the awkward hands of its blundering tailor it came forth as that monstrous abortion Kichardshaw Lane ! n» HISTORY OF PUDSEY. The descent from the rig along the northern slope is down Lidget II ill to Waver Green. Abutting upon the Waver llreen is the Manor House of Pudsey, a quaint, gabled mansion, now reckoning some two hundred and fifty or seventy years of age, but the child of a predecessor which doubtless can led its own existence back into the Norman days. Of a suggestive meaning is that word "Waver," which remains to mark its conjunct green. It bears within it all the wild traditions of the superstitious Norse days. The Icelandic verhva/ra means to hover about ; and the expression va/r logi, meant a " waver-lowe;" every enchanted princess or enchanted land was surrounded by a " waver-lowe." We need not go far to find the enchanted princess who was surrounded by this " waver-lowe " when the Celt was hovering about and there were race difficulties and doubts of mine and thine — she dwelt in the Manor House hard by, as the poor Celts of the " hupp " and the " trowch-dale " would find out if any cattle had been lifted from the ager, or midnight depredations elsesvhere indulged in. Thor's hammer was kept in the recesses of that Manor house, and the " waver-lowe " was the electric light which found it when required. Thor's hammer, in the shape of the less romantic baton of the policeman is yet kept in the neighbour- hood of this Waver Green, and it is said that in Lowtown, hard by, its exercise is more frequently required than in all the other parts of the town. C)f a truth these Celtic people are apt, both by word and by deed, to make themselves a very vital factor in the world's history. Had they been as stolid and law-abiding as the Goths of Chapel- town and Greenside, l.owtown might not have enjoyed the many distinctions which have favoured it since the mythical days of the vafr loi^i. Separating Waver Green from Chapeltown there remains a distinctive feature of the past in Toft Hou.se. Toft, a corrupted form of the Danish loinpt (empty), would signify an open, unclaimed piece of land, or an unoccupied and wrecked dwelling; and in this light the Toft we have here would be an excellent fence between the steady respectability of Gothic Pudsey and the nondescript gathering which had to be illuminated by the " Waver-lowe," and found its termination in the Crimbles, where solid rule and no poetical nonsense had to prevail. 1 he word Crimliles, we may per- haps resolve into the Nor.se expression kraum bol — the farm house in the nook, say at the fringe of the "ager," where the essarts were in progress, the woods not yet chopped down, and a shady nook presented itself as it does yet in the case of scores of farmsteads which are to-day nestling beneath a background of trees.* No record is preserved of the number of the population previous to the year 1800, but the following tabulated statement of the several censuses taken by Government shows the modern progressive increase of population : — Date. Inhabited Hou.ses. Uninhabited Males. Females. Total. Houses. 2,182 1 801 850 14 2,240 4,422 iSii 986 2.S 7,406 2,291 4,697 1821 i,2ig ;8 3.107 3,122 6,229 183. i>.S^4 41 3.744 3.716 7.460 1841 2,01 1 102 5.013 4,989 10,002 1851 2 429 178 5.770 5.833 11,603 1861 2,859 277 6.325 6,587 12,912 1871 3.156 218 6.779 7.197 13,976 18S1 .^.4S8 5" 7,.\53 ><,I03 •5.456 In James's History of Bradford, there appears the following notice : — Mr. Wheater, in PiuUey Neivs, March 5th, 1887. POPULATION. 139 At Leeds Sessions the 13th day of April, in the 44th of Queen Elizabeth, before Sir John Savile (of Howley), Thomas Fairfax, and other justices, it was agreed that the justices should meet at Wakefield upon Wednesday in Wliitsuntide week the next, touching soldiers' pensions, assessments, and other matters ; and then agree upon a particular estreat and perfect assessment of the towns within the wapentakes, to be and /-ir«a/n a /•■ifffi/^w^ to direct other justices to make equal assessments for these parts when occasion should require. It may, therefore, be supposed that the greatest care would be taken in making the assessments, and it will give the most correct view, in the absence of actual computation, which can now be obtained of the relative size, population, and wealth of the towns comprised in such assessment. I give a copy of such part of it as relates to all the towns about here (Bradford). d. Bradford 20 Bolton 5 Boiling S Bingley 9 Calvcrley and Farsley 11 Dewsbury 12J Eccleshill 7* Heaton-cum- Clayton Ilj Haworth 12 d. Huddersfield 17 Halifax igi Horton 7 Idle II Leeds 39 Manningham 9 PUDSEY 9i Shipley 5 Wakefield 39 From this table a pretty near approximation may be drawn of the population of the township at the time (A.D. 1602). m1^^ ^ pljP ^Jy^^^^^^ ® a^ S| ^O OT^ kS 4 (r^^fc^ B^^ LOCAL GOVERNMENT. _HE parochial affairs of the township were, for many generations, vested in a TOWN'S COMMITTEE, which I iind to have been in existence more than a century ago. The jurisdiction of this body was somewhat extensive, judging from the number and variety of the resolutions which appear in their " minute book." I learn that at a Committee meeting held July ist, 1771, it was ordered that " the Chapel Wardens and Overseers of the Poor pay to the informer or informers of housebreakers, garden or orchard robbers, gates, and stile breakers, etc., on conviction the sum of two guineas. The dog fanciers of that day had not much sympathy from the local authority, for at a meeting of the Committee held July 9th, 1792, it was resolved, that " any person having relief from the township of Pudsey, and shall after the date hereof keep a dog, all such person or persons so doing shall be excluded from any relief till such time as the said dog or dogs are put away." At a meeting of the Committee held March i8th, 1793, it was ordered that " two shillings be collected of each old subscriber to the Militia, and four shillings of each fresh subscriber towards having such persons as are awanting in the Militia." At a meeting held on the 2nd of Dec, 1807, it was resolved that "Wm. Hutchinson (who is ballotted for the Militia), be assisted with the requisite sum to hire a substitute, by the Town, provided that the Township have the advantage of receiving the sum of money which is to be returned according to the Provisions of the Militia Act. N.B. — The above Indulgence and Assistance is granted in consequence of his kindness to his father." PUDSEY MILITIA. 141 The following is a " List of the Militia hired for the Town- ship of Pudsey, 1 803," and the substitutes named therein were sworn in for five years, or during His Majesty's pleasure. The amount of bounty given to each is named : — Ballotted Men. John Hinchliffe Stephen Moorhouse John Sutcliffe, baker James Hutchinson, R. Lane Joseph Nichol, School, Fulneck James Liley do. Saml. Moss, Junr., Greenside Charles Moss, Willm. Son Martin Crowther Joshua Farrer, Hall John Webster, Lowtown Joshua Robinson, do. Wm. Hemsley, do. Isaac Gledhill, Stanningley Substitutes. Bounty. James Whaley, Horton Willm. Rushforth, Closehead John Wilson, Denham Cliff Jos. Newall, Bradford Jonas Fox do. Joshua Ferrand, Manningham Michael Baistow, Illingworth Willm. Turner, Wadsworth.nr. Hx. Jann. Simpson, Sticker lane Kobt. Stead, Bradford Joseph Pyrah, do. Willm. Gowan, Bierley Chapel Isaac Stephenson, Bradford Francis Simpson, Idle In 1809, a further ballot was necessary, and the following persons formed the " Pudsey Supplementary Militia " for that year : — II 6 II 6 II 6 10 10 II II 9 9 10 10 10 10 15 10 IS 8 8 9 9 9 14 Ballotted Men. Mark Wheater John Whitfield Sam Wilson George Grave William Boys Joseph Walton George Harrison Charles Robinson Joshua Gibson John Pape Joshua Lumby Jonathan Ackeioyd James Procter Willm. Clark James Barns Jo. Brayshaw Joshua Strickland John Crampton Willm. Strickland Willm. Threapleton James Smith Jno. Carr Willm. Dyson Jno. Dufton Jno. Pearson Willm. Thornton Wm. Robinson Benj. Dean Jo. Booth John Hammerton Robert Procter Jonathan Harrison Substitutes. Bounty. Jo. Ward 660 Israel Wood 660 VVm. Varley 660 Joseph Coclvcroft, Allerton 660 Jeremiah Moor, Thornton 660 Jehu Brear do. 660 John Benton do. 660 John Robinson do. 660 John Broadbelt, Rawden 660 John Leach 660 James Cockcroft, Thornton 5 S '^ Adam Taylor do. 660 Thomas Booth, Pudsey 5 5° Jno. Dufton do. 660 Willm. Johnson do. 5 5° Geo. Walton do. S 5 o Willm. Sharp, Thornton 660 Caleb Jennings do. 660 Jno. Drake do. 660 Elkanah Holroyd, Halifax 5 10 o Saml Bannister, Farsley 3 3 o Joshua Hoyle, Halifax 660 Geo. F'arrer, Sowerby Bridge 660 James Farrer 5 S o Willm. Raistrick, Pudsey 5 5° Moses Fieldhouse, Horton 660 David Hillam, Wibsey 660 Christopher Binks 5 5° Himself Himself 1 homas Hustler 3 3 £> Himself /e-o^ 1)^^ (^a^c/^^fc_^ '/■T/Ut Wi V^/z^ doit\^ /S-(Q c;5^.^^^^ /^K Jo^ C7h OL^. nnri^ Facsimile Autographs of Pudsey Town's Officials, etc. CHURCHWARDENS. 143 The first CHURCHWARDENS for Pudsey township, of whom there is any account, were John Crossley and Thomas Whitley, who, in 1606, held that office. The lists, dating from that time, are far from being complete, as will be seen from the copies in the Appendix. These lists frequently have appended to them the amount of the church rate for the year, the rates varying from 2d. to gd. and is. in the pound. At a meeting of the Town's Com- mittee held June i8th, 1824, it was resolved that " the Church- wardens be instructed to engage a proper person to instruct a number of persons to ring, and that they do pay the sum of los. 6d. per week to him for his services, and that the Church- wardens have the discretion of continuing him as long as they think proper, and make a .selection of proper persons." In the following year it was resolved, that " the ringers have the sum of seventeen pounds given to them, and two shillings per man for hiring money per annum, and the ringers shall have the old ropes and no other perquisites to be allowed by the Township." On the 6th of January, 1826, a rate was laid " for the paying of Mr. Mears his balance for the bells." In 1826, at a vestry meeting held on the 13th October, it was resolved that " a rate of one shilling and threepence in the pound be granted to the Churchwardens for the current expenses of the year, and out of it they be authorised to lay out /^^o in heating the church. Secondly, that in case any dispute should be raised, as to the validity of this rate, the Churchwardens be authorised and required by this meeting to take the necessary legal measures to compel the payment thereof without calling any other meeting." D. Jenkins, chairman, H. Simons, Robt. Parkin.son, churchwardens, and five others. In 1836, the Rev. David Jenkins was incumbent, and Messrs. John Farrer and William Beaumont, churchwardens when the celebrated " smiting and brawling " case occurred, which resulted in William Clarkson and Jonas Proctor being cited before the Ecclesiastical Court at York, and sentenced — Mr. Clarkson to seven days' and Mr. Proctor to one month's imprison- ment. They endured the penalty rather than acknowledge the justice of the charge brought against them. This event aggravated the feud existing between the Churchpeople and the Dissenters, and yearly contests took place in the election of churchwardens ; the township was several times polled and the rate resisted. In 1845, ^t a meeting held on the 27th of March, for the election of churchwardens, the incumbent, the Rev. D. Jenkins, 144 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. having nominated Mr. John Farrer of Grove House, for his warden, Mr. John Baker was then proposed for the people's warden, but as an amendment, Mr. John Parkinson was proposed for the office. The show of hands being declared to be in favour of Mr. Parkinson, a poll was demanded, which was held and continued open nine days. When the votes were counted, the numbers were declared to be, for Mr. John Baker, 553 ; and for ^-^%K I'he Village Stocks. Mr. Parkinson, 488 ; there being a majority for Mr. Baker of 45, he was declared duly elected. From a "list of persons who have served as Constables iox the township of Pudsey," we learn that the maintenance of the peace from 1 77 1, when the list commences, until 1845, was vested in this officer, a most important public functionary, who was elected annually, his appointment being subsequently confirmed by the Justices of the Peace. A "Town's Committee" managed the general business of the township, and gave their orders to the LIST OF CONSTABLES. HS constable and other officials. From the old " Town's Book," which was kept by the Committee as a record of their proceed- ings, we learn that, at a meeting held October 17th, 1791, it was Resolved that all persons from and after the day above written who shall com- mitt any misdemeanures such as robbery of gardens; hedges, gates, stiles or other fences breaking ; potatoes and turnips stealing, etc., which shall be a prejudice to any of the inhabitants of the township of Pudsey; he, she, or they so offending shall be prosecuted by the constable of Pudsey at the expense of the town, provided the jierson or persons so injured and the evidence to the facts are willing to proceed against the offender or offenders according to law. Amongst the duties pertaining to the constable was the custody of the village stocks — the old-time remedy for reforming swearers, gamblers, drunkards, and desecrators of the Sabbath. This wooden machine stood in Church Lane, aiid it was no unusual thing, fifty years ago, to see it occupied during the time of service on Sundays, by some refractory member of the com- munity. It is said that the punishment was somewhat severe to the back and ankles, for when prisoners were released they had to rub these parts of their body vigorously before they could hobble away. The following is as complete a list of the Constables as can be obtained : — Wm. Carr Christopher Halliday John Dean John Ross John Ross Wm. Hinings John Beaumont Wm. Stowe Wm. .Stowe Joseph Rayner Joseph Rayner Joseph Rayner John Crowther John Crowther John Crowther John Crampton John Crampton John Farrer Edward Binks John Clarkson John Clarkson William Calvert William Calvert Joseph Cawtheray Christopher Verity and list Wm. Calvert do. ****** Joseph Wilson do. Joseph Wilson do. Benjamin Troughton do. W I77I .Samuel Fenton 1816 1772 Edward Hinchliffe 1817 1773 John Lockwood 1818 1774 John Atkinson 1819 177s John Atkinson 1820 1776 Samuel Farrer 1821 1777 Matthew Banks 1822 1778 Wm. Lumby 1823 1779 Joseph Farrer 1824 1780 Joseph Farrer 1825 I78I John Scholefield 1826 1782 Wm. Mirfield 1827 * * * * 1828 1784 Edmund Tinsdale 1829 * * * * 1830 1788 Samuel Cromack 1831 * * * * 1832 1792 Samuel Moss 1833 •793 Samuel Moss 1834 * « * * •83s 1805 Thomas Walker 1836 1806 Wm. Pearson 1837 * * * * 1838 1808 Benjamin Dean 1839 1809 John Farrer 1840 1810 Robert Hining 1841 181 1 John Crompton * # * * «843 1814 Joseph Coope 1844 1815 Joseph Coope 1845 146 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. A serious disturbance of the peace of the township occurred i" 1753. in connection with the "Toll Bar Riots," which took place in several districts in opposition to the introduction of Toll-bars ; at Leeds two or three were killed by the soldiers, and the following refers to events which occurred at Pudsey and Fulneck at that time : — On June 25th, I7S3> between seven and eight o'clock a.m., a woman, who was dignified with the office of Pudsey town-crier, made her appearance in the quiet village of Fulneck, rang her bell vigorously, and then proclaimed that the inhabitant> were expected to join the people who had risen for " King and country," adding that if this request were not attended to, a visit would be paid to enforce the behests of King Mob. Accordingly, at nine o'clock a multitude of about a hundred men, women, and children poured in, and insisted that the single brethren should at once join them. Armed with clubs and staves, they rushed hither and thither, shouting and blowing lustily on a horn. Brother Benjamin La 'I'robe went among them, conversed in a friendly way, but quietly informed them they need not expect to find there what they wanted ; for, to join them in their present doings would be contrary to the principles of the Brethren. They lingered about the houses for a while, and then one party went up to Tong, and presented themselves before Squire Tempest, who gave them money and refreshments. Ere this party returned, five or six of the leaders came again to the Brethren's house, and repeated their demand. Brother LaTrobe intimated that if the Brethren could be helpful to them in any legal way it would gladly be done, but that they could not approve of any such irregular proceedings, nor in any wise abet those who took part therein. On his presenting them with half-a-guinea they went away, pledging themselves that no damage should be done to the settlement or its inhabitants. Soon after their withdrawal, the other party returned from Tong, and when a meeting took place on the Green, near the Low House, they concluded to make another attempt at the Brethren's house, and deliberated also on the steps to be taken in case of a refusal. Brother La Trobe, however, met them at the gate, at the end of the lane, and, after a hard talking match, prevailed upon them to withdraw. They rushed off to Lane End, and conducted themselves there in a somewhat rough fashion. At last, finding they could not effect their purpose, they left the neighbourhood, but first compelled those who had accepted any money at Fulneck to return and deliver it up, declaring they had not come for "brass," but only for "t'lads." Still they held out the threat that after joining another body of sympathisers who had been waiting for them beyond Pudsey, they would show their faces again and let the " Fall neckers " see what they would do to them. Thus they withdrew, not the slightest damage having been inflicted, whilst in the settlement every heart and every mouth was filled with praise to the Saviour for His protecting care. When in the evening the poor misguided people reached their homes in Pudsey, some were in a wretched condition, having been wounded in hands, arms, and shoulders, when attacking a gentleman's house, which they intended pulling down. Several of the mob had been made prisoners, and were taken off to gaol ; of course this cast a gloom over the township, but it proved a wholesome discouragement to the rioters.* In i860, Pudsey was included within the County Con- stabulary jurisdiction, and subsequently the protective vigilance of the new police force was introduced. Sergeant Land, and six officers were stationed in the township. An important portion of the parochial affairs of the township was formerly vested in the Overseers of the Poor, also annually * prom " The Messeneer^ a Magazine of the Church of the United Brethren," May, 1870, pp. 156-8. Editor, Rev. C. V.. SutcliHc, a native of Pudsey. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 14^ elected at a town's meeting, and the appointment confirmed by the magistrates. The first item in the " Town's Book " relating to the overseers is to the following effect : — In the year 1736, Agnes Gibson left £40 for the benefit of the poor of Pudsey, the interest to be given annually by the overseers. ^ At the Town's Committee Meeting, February ist, 1766, Mr. Richard Hey, "honest Mr. Hey," as he was called, who was one of the overseers of the poor, was present. Mr. Hey died on the 24th of the same month, aged 63. He was the father of William Hey, Esq., F.R.S., of Leeds ; Rev. John Hey, D.D., Norrisian Professor of Divinity at Cambridge, etc.; Rev. Samuel Hey, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Magdalen College, Cambridge ; and Richard Hey, Esq., LL.D., barrister, Fellow and Tutor of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. Mr. John Radcliffe, Mr. Hey's son-in-law, attended the ne.xt Town's Committee meeting as Mr. Hey's deputy. About this time — 1766 — the entries in the book frequently end with — " Notice to be given at both the Chapels." That would be the old Chapel — All Saints' — and the Dissenters' Chapel or Meeting-house, both in Chapeltown. Previous to the year 1700, poor laws were unknown in Pud- sey, and after the Government had passed these measures, Pudsey for more than a century continued to deal with its own poor, and the amount required for their relief was collected in small sums or leys, from the ratepayers in the township. At a meeting of the "Town's Committee," held Feby. ist, 1802, it was resolved to "discontinue the poorhouse, the occupants to be disposed of as .soon as possible," and at the next meeting, held Feby. 15 th, 1802, an agreement was made with John Cooper, the elder, of Little- moor, " to board the paupers residing in the poorhouse for one year, to commence on the first day of March, 1802, and likewise to find fire for them at the rate of three shillings per week per head, to have their earnings for his own benefit — the poor to have two meat dinners per week, and likewise to be under the inspec- tion of the Committee to sec they be well kept." The rateable value of the township of Pudsey as rated for the relief of the poor according to a new valuation made in May, 1806, was ;^4,i75 I OS. od. In consequence of the great distress which existed amongst the labouring poor in the year 18 16, it was resolved at a Town's Committee meeting held on Nov. 20th, " that the respective ministers in the place be requested to preach charity sermons for the relief of the poor, in order to enable them to apply to the /^/S7 ^^i>:n^ ^, ^t-^t-a^ ^ -If- • „ Facsimile Autographs of Pudsey Town's Officials, etc. PARISH APPRENTICES. 149^ Society in London for their assistance." Many of the inhabitants were employed in repairing the roads in the township, which were then in a bad state, and a subscription was made also to assist in the relief of the destitute poor. £62 is. 3d. was collected, the subscription being headed by the Rev. D. Jenkins with £^ ; the Rev. C. F. Ramftler, £2 ; Mr. Lawton of Fulneck, £2 ; children in Fulneck School, ;^3 ; Jer. Haley and Co., £2 ; Rich. Farrer, J[,2 ; Mr. John Skelton, ;£2 ; Richard Farrer, stapler, £2 ; Mr. Thackeray, £,2 ; Wm. Ellwand, £\, etc. At a public meeting of the ratepayers, held June i8th, 1819, it was resolved " that a Select Vestry be appointed for superin- tending the management of the poor and the Township of Pudsey." Amongst the sixteen persons appointed for the first said vestry were the Rev. D. Jenkins and Thomas Laird, Messrs. John Rad- cliffe, Lepton Dobson, John Balme, Christian Hanneman, William Ellwand, etc. As complete a list as possible of the Overseers from 1743 to 1887 is given in the Appendix, and we trust that our readers will not consider this list as a mere dry catalogue of names, devoid of any interest. It is an enumeration of the oldest families in the township for a period of close upon a century and a half, and as such, is of historic value. By it, many descendants of the persons- named, may trace their ancestry back to the middle of the last century, and in the list will be found many of the old names which exist amongst us at present. In connection with the office of overseer it will be interesting to note that all the respectable inhabitants of Pudsey were, at one time, bound to take apprentices (with whom they received a small premium), or pay a fine of ;£^iO. At a meeting of the Town's Committee, Feb. i8th, 1799, it was " Ordered from and after this day no less than fifteen pounds shall be paid by any person within the township of Pudsey irt, lieu of taking a parish apprentice." Amongst the persons who took apprentices we find : — James Atkinson, Feb. 21st, 1765. Mr. Dobson, July 4th, 1768. Mr. Waiblinger*, June 7th, 1788. David Johnson, Manchester, Feb. 22, 1792. Christian Hanneman, August 12, 1793. Christopher Plischke, Feb. 8, 1794. • Mr. Waiblinger died in 1817, and the following notice of him appears in the obituary of the Gerttieirtafi's Magazine for 1817, p. 187: — * Feb. 3, Mr. Ignatius Waiblinger, of Pudsey, an eminent surgeon, and a man highly and universally respected." A paragraph in the Leeds Mercury of Feb. 8th, 1817, says : — '* On Monday last. Feb. 3. Mr. Ignatius Waiblinger, surgeon, of Pudsey, late of Fulneck. As a surgeon he ranked very high as those upon whom he has performed operations can bear ample testimony. He was an affectionate husband and a tender parent. His loss is deeply felt by his family and relations, and a numerous circle of friends. 15© HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Richd. Birdsall, Yeadon, who took three, Nov. 5, 1794. Mr. John Hird, Masham, who took six, May 2, 1796. Mr. Dawson Humble, Doncaster, who took eleven in 1798. From 1765 to 1802, two hundred and twelve children were put out as town's apprentices, and eighteen persons paid a fine of ;^io each in lieu of taking apprentices during the same period. Amongst the persons who paid in lieu of having an appren- tice, I find — Ignatius Waiblinger, who paid ;^io in lieu, July 28th, 1790. The Rev. Thomas Urinfield, paid ;^io, October 26lh, 1795. Mr. Thomas Angell, paid ten pounds, Nov. 10, l8oo. Mr. Wideman do. do. do. The list of Highway Surveyors for Pudsey begins in 1770, when Matthew and John Hutchinson were the officials. Two surveyors continued to serve the township until the year 1815, when a Board was appointed, but it only lasted one year. In 1 836, another Board, consisting of ten persons was elected, with George Hepworth as assistant, at ^50 per annum, and in the succeeding year the number of members was increased to thirteen, with John Farrer as assistant, at ^50 per annum. This Board con- tinued until 1872, the number of members varying from twelve to seventeen, William Walton holding the post of assistant surveyor from the year 1843. A list of the surveyors, from 1770 to 1836, with a few exceptions, will be found in the Appendix. In 1710, the " Intakes" were enclosed by consent of John Milner, Esq., Walter Calverley, Esq., and the freeholders of Pudsey, the proceeds going towards the augmentation of the living attached to the old Chapel-of-Ease. Tyersal Common was taken in about the year 1758. An act for enclosing the ■common lands in Pudsey was passed in 18 11. The Common lands included about four hundred acres. Charles Milner, Esq., was lord of the manor, and as such was entitled to all the minerals under the waste lands ; Thomas Thornhill, Thomas Plumbe, John Radcliffe, and Francis Maude, Esqrs., being owners of estates and entitled to rights of common. The award of the ■Commissioners is kept at Calverley Church. In 181 3, the Common lands were enclosed, under the Act of Parliament, entitled "An Act for inclosing lands in the manor of Pudsey, in the West Riding of the County of York." The following is a copy of the notice relating to the enclosure — I, Jonathan Teal, the sole Commissioner appointed in and by the said Act of Parliament, do hereby give notice, that in addition to the Public Carriage Roads and other Roads already by me set out and appointed, I have set out and appointed the following Public Roads, Bridleways, Private Carriage Roads, and Footways, through and over the said Lands, directed by the said Act to be divided, allotted and inclosed, that is to say — THE COMMONS ENCLOSURE. 151 Wood- Wells Road—One Private Carriage Road of the widtli of twelve feet, beginning at Bramley Road on Crimbles Green, and proceed northward over part of Crimbles Green to the Wood-Wells, set out for a public Watering Place. Dyehoiise Road — l8ft. Town End to the Wood-Wells, Private. Langlev Road — Crimbles, Private. Balme Rrad—CnxiAAe?, Green, Private. Midley Road — Balme koad and Crimbles Green, Private. Mtlner Road — 20ft. Stanningley Road on Rickardshaw Common [probably Primrose Hill Road]. Mdl Roaii — 20ft. Stanningley Road westward, Rickardshaw Common [probably Varley's Road]. Penrson RoaJ — Crimbles Green Road to westward and southward. Dyson Road — 15ft. Mill Road to northward, bottom Rickardshaw. Sodom Road — 24ft. Workhouse Road to Littlemoor Road. Mill Stead Road—zoii. Sodom. Rayner Road— J ^{t. Beginning in an allotment on Little Moor aforesaid, intended to be awarded to Henry Rayner and proceeding westward over an allotment intended to be awarded to John Bower, Esq. , to an ancient inclosure adjoining to the last mentioned allotment belonging to the said Henry Rayner." A'/oor Side Road— i^ft. Littlemoor Road. Driver Road — i8ft. Littlemoor Road. harrer Road — 12ft. Northend Littlemoor Road, eastward over allotment of Charles Milner, E.sq. to dyehouse belonging to Sam. Farrer. Gawlhorpe Road. —\^{\.. beginning at Chapeltown Road, and proceeding west- ward over part of Littlemoor. Beaumont Road. — 15ft. .Sodom Road, south-eastward to land belonging to Thomas Richard Beaumont, Esq. Intack Road. — 24ft. north end, Alcoats Road, northward. Delpliend Road. — 24ft. Gibraltar Mill Road to Bradford Road. Upper Moor Road. — 24ft. to land to be awarded to Fulneck estate. Ward Road. — 15ft. Pelfend Road, east, west, and south. Smilewell Road. — i6ft. Tiersal Road. Quarry Road. — 24ft. Tiersal Road, northward to Stone Quarry. Dobson Road. — 20ft. Tiersal Road, near Black Heygate [named from Lepton Dobson, Esq.] Belley Well Syke Road.— 24(1. Banks Road. Pinebelly Hill Road. — 24ft. Windmill Road. — 20ft. Preston Road. — i8ft. beginning Bradford Road, near Chapeltown. Clayton Road. — 15ft. Bankhouse Road. Upper Greenside Road. — 20ft. Fartown, westward. Middle Road. — i8ft. up Greenside Road to Tiersal Road. Uinclili^e Road. — l6ft. Tiersal Road, northward Greenside. Sizinghouse Road. — 14ft. Tiersal Road, Greenside, northward and eastward to Greenside Road. fumbleswell Road. — 20ft. Tiersal Road to Jumbleswell. Twelve public foot-paths are also mentioned. And I do hereby give further Notice, That all the said Roads and Public Footways are set out, and that I have prepared a map, signed by me, in which such Roads and Public Footways are accurately laid down and described and deposited the same with Messrs. Hailstone and Bentley, at Bradford ; for the inspection of all Persons concerned. And I do hereby appoint a meeting, to be held at the House of Mrs. Walesby, the Fulneck Inn, on Monday the 5th day of April next, at which meeting any Person who may be injured or aggrieved by the setting out of such Roads and Public Foot- ways, may attend and make his or her objections thereto. Dated this 23rd day of Feb., 1813. 152 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. In 1872, the supervision of the highways, along with other responsible duties connected with the general management of the town's affairs, were vested in a Board formed under the Local Government Act. Previous to that, in July, 1868, a Lighting Board was formed, and soon after, the streets, the darkness of which had been a reproach to the town, were lighted with gas. At a meeting of the ratepayers, held on the 24th day of April, 1872, it was resolved that the Local Board should consist of fifteen members, and the voting papers containing the names of 105 ratepayers, who had been proposed as fit and proper persons for members of the Board, were distributed on the 27th day of May, and collected on the 31st. They were then cast up, and the following persons were afterwards declared duly elected as members of the first Board : — Mr. William Huggan, Robert Dalby, Thomas Goodall, John Blackburn, John Whitfield, Phineas Craven, Fred. Cooper, Robert Salter, John Whitehead, William Dibb Scales, John Procter, Benjamin Elsworth, Thomas Wright, Benjamin Crowther, and George A. Jones. Mr. W. D. Scales was elected chairman, Mr. W. Craven, treasurer, and Mr. John Baker, clerk, highway surveyor, lamp and nuisance in- jipector, and rate collector, at a salary of £go per annum. The proceedings of the Board from its formation to the present time, have been watched with much interest by the ratepayers, and their public acts have undergone much criticism : but, after being in operation fifteen years, it may safely be said that the step taken in 1872, was wise and proper. In February, 1882, the Local Board passed a resolution authorising the surveyor to proceed with the building of offices suitable for the work of the Board. In the following October po.ssession was taken of the new offices, which are situate in Craw- shaw-field. They are two storeys in height, and are entered by a capacious doorway, over which is a semi-circular headstone, on which is carved ''Local Board Offices, 1882." At the entrance is a hall, from which the stairs ascend into the upper storey. On the ground floor, next to the entrance hall, is the office for the use of the clerk and collector, etc. This is a very roomy and well lighted place, and is well adapted for its purpose. Along one side is a counter, with mahogany top, at the furthest end of which is a desk for the use of the collector. In the centre of the room is a table for the clerk's use, and along one entire side of the room are cupboards and drawers, in the centre of which is fixed a large safe. A fire-place, with dark marble mantel, and gas brackets, together with the usual office furniture and LOCAL BOARD OFFICES. 1 53 requisites, complete this office. It measures 15 by 20 feet. The next room on the ground floor is the committee room, which is also 1 5 by 20 feet, and is furnished with large centre tables and chairs, etc., and is a well lighted apartment. This room has a doorway and light into the large store yard adjoining. Along the northern side of the yard are premises for the safe keeping of the tools belonging to the Board, and in the yard is also erected a substantial engine house, in which to stable the steam roller, with working shed in the rear, the whole covering an area of 50 by 30 yards, and having a fence wall on the south side. The upper storey of the offices is reached by a good winding stone staircase, having three short flights of steps, at the top of which is a landing, from which entrance is obtained into a large room, which is used for the meetings of the full Board. This is a well proportioned and capitally lighted place, having an area of 52 by 22 feet. In addition to a centre table for the clerk's use, there are three long tables of pitch-pine arranged around the room, on the outer sides of which sit the members, all facing the inner table and the chairman, who occupies a slightly elevated position. This room is also furnished with arm chairs, and is lighted by three windows, four-light centre chandelier and eight side gas brackets. There is also a substantial dark marble mantelpiece and open fire-grate in this room, in addition to other suitable fittings. Every room is warmed by a heating apparatus. Altogether the building is a roomy and substantial one, well adapted for its purposes, which it will serve for many years to come. The present members of the Local Board (1887-8) are, Messrs. R. Womersley (chairman), John Brayshaw, Matthew Walker, John Ilalliday, J. E. Minings, John Milner, George Clough, Isaac Waterhouse, Joseph Webster, Christopher Wilson, Simeon (Zarr, J. E. Goodall, Wm. Nichols, Robert Smith, and Benjamin Verity. Mr. Benjamin Dufton is Clerk to the Board ; Dr. John Wilson, medical officer ; Mr. Joseph Town, inspector of nuisances ; Mr. John Baker, collector and lighting inspector ; and Mr. Isaac Wood, highway surveyor, building inspector, and .superintendent of fire brigade. On the 13th day of March, 1870, a BURIAL BOARD was formed at a meeting of the ratepayers held in the Public Hall, and a resolution was also passed to the effect " that a new burial ground shall be provided for the township of Pudsey under the various Burial Acts passed for that purpose up to the present time." The following ratepayers w.ere elected to form the first X 154 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Board : — Messrs. R. VVomersley, William D. Scales, Joseph Town, J. S. Jones, J. Asquith Minings, Robert Salter, W. H. Greaves, James Banks, and George Armitage. The resolutions of the meeting having received the approval of the Secretary of State, at the first meeting of the Board, Mr. Richard Womersley was elected chairman, and Mr. Joseph Town, secretary, pro. tern. The question of a site for the proposed cemetery formed a bone of contention for some years, and much bitter feeling was aroused on this serious question of a quiet resting-place for the dead. The Burial Board, after casting about for a site, thought the present one in Back Lane very suitable, and called a meeting on the 7th May, 1870, at which the site was submitted to the ratepayers. It was, however, rejected on sanitary grounds, and a poll was demanded by the Burial Board, which resulted in 998 ratepayers voting for the adoption of the site, and 1,197 against it. Two cemeteries were then suggested by the Burial Board, one at Back Lane and the other at Quarry Gap. A site at Plantation, Gibraltar, was, however, started in opposition, as being more central both for Pudsey and Tyersal, and another poll took place on the 2 1st June in the same year, resulting as follows: — For the Back Lane and Tyersal sites, 978 ; for Plantation, 1,083. The latter site was, however, disapproved at a town's meeting held on the 1 2th October, 1871 ; and in December the Back Lane site was again put forward by the Burial Board, to be in turn rejected. Upon this the Board demanded another poll, which was taken in March, 1872 ; the numbers being — For Back Lane, 980 ; against it, 954. The site was thus carried by 26 votes, a decision which remained unchallenged. The site was finally approved by the Home Secretary in June, 1872. It was pur-^ chased from Messrs. Farrer, of Pudsey, and contains nearly twelve acres. The Cemetery occupies a commanding position, and from it a very extensive prospect is obtained. The Local Board have doubled the width of Back Lane up to the Cemetery; the surface of the ground is more or less regular, having a fall of forty-five feet to Back Lane, and the Cemetery is laid out in an attractive and suitable manner, befitting a place of sepulture. The area of the consecrated side is 21,633 square yards, and of the unconsc- crated portion 24,054 yards, while 8,277 yards of the front to Back Lane is unappropriated. The design is simple, but effective. A roadway, 21 feet wide, leads from the entrance in Back Lane to an oval flat in the centre of the grounds, and winds THE CEMETERY. 155 round each side of the oval with a width of 30 feet, to the chapels, the road being continued forward to the southern extremity of the cemetery, but is here only 18 feet in width. The walks branching off from the road are respectively 9 feet and 12 feet wide. A deep drain is carried underneath the central road, communicating with three cross drains, which effectually drain the place. The cemetery is surrounded with a stone wall. On the inner side are plantations, at the angles of the walks are shrubberies and flower beds, and the central road is planted with forest trees to form an avenue. Back Lane has been widened, and the cemetery wall fronting it will be finished with a hedge inside the grounds. The entrance gates are depressed, and are flanked with dwarf walls and palisadings, the piers of the gates being substantial. The Registrar's house and Board room are on the west side ; the design is in the Gothic style. The same style is adopted in the chapels, which are coupled together by a massive tower and spire, surmounted by a vane ; the total height of this conspicuous object is 1 10 feet, the extreme length of the chapels and tower is 116 feet, and they form an imposing block of buildings set upon a terrace 8 feet in height, and on the highest part of the grounds. The two chapels are of the same size. A neat doorway gives access to the interior ; on each side of the entrance is a one-light window, with a circular window in the gable, the latter topped with a .stone cross. The tower base is pierced with a lofty archway, 26 feet in height by 13 feet wide. Over this is a belfry and the spire. The hearse can be driven under the archway, and the body in taken into a mortuary, separated from the chapels by a glass screen. Both chapels and mortuaries are well lighted with windows in the sides, and the chapels have large three-light windows in the south gables, each chapel having chancels and vestries. The work throughout is of a substantial character. Mr. John Senior, of Harlow Heath, near Harrogate, laid out the grounds under Mr. Gay's (the architect) superintendence, and the latter gentleman has also superintended the planting, the work throughout being creditable to all concerned. The ground is well adapted for burial purposes, and Pudsey may be congratulated upon having got rid of a difficulty and secured one of the most compact cemeteries in the district. The cost was about ;£'io,ooo. The east side of the cemetery is set apart for burial purposes in connection with the Chuich of England, and this portion was consecrated on the 8th day of June, 1875, by the Right Rev. Dr. Ryan, representing the Lord Bishop of Ripon. 156 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. The first interment took place on June 9th, 1875, when a child aged about two years, the daughter of Mr. G. V. Bannister, of Lowtown, was interred in the unconsecrated portion. Gas Company. — The Act for lighting Fudsey with gas was obtained in 1844, on the representation that it would be of great advantage to the inhabitants of the township, if a constant and ample supply of gas was obtainable for lighting mills, manufac- tories, shops, houses, and other buildings, and it would also be of advantage to them and to the public resorting to Pudsey if a sufficient supply of gas were provided for lighting the streets, roads, highways, and public passages within the township. Nearly a quarter of a century elapsed before any steps were taken to carry out the lighting of the streets. In June, 1868, a meeting was held in the Public Room, when it was resolved to apply the powers of the Act, so far as it applied to lighting up the streets with gas of that portion of the township, which was separate and apart from the hamlet of Tycrsall. A Lighting Board was appointed, consisting of nine persons, Mr. Joseph Newell being appointed secretary to the Board, and Samuel Varley, Esq., the treasurer. The streets were lighted in October of the same year. The original subscribed capital of the Gas Company was ^16,000, increased in 1 856 to ;^58,000, including borrowing powers to the extent of £, 10,000. Waterworks Company.— In 1865, the Calverley District Waterworks Company was formed for the purpose of supplying Pudsey and four other townships with water, to be obtained from the Bradford Corporation. Samuel Varley, Esq., was appointed chairman of the company, and George Hinings, Esq., deputy- chairman. The first pipe of the high level scheme was laid by Mr. E. Sewell, of Fulneck, on Monday, June 12th, 1865. The share capital of the company was ^20,000, in 4,000 shares of ;^5 each. The company has had a prosperous career. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. |p NE of our great English poets has said " The proper study of mankind is man." If this be true, then in this chapter we are engaged in a proper study, while looking into the names and characters of some of our townsmen who have risen, by either worth or wealth, positions of eminence. The study of biography is always, more or less, interesting and instructive. " God hath been pleased," says Dr. Geo. HiCKES, in a sermon in 1682, "to make our county (Yorkshire) the birth-place and nursery of many great men." What may be said of the whole may be said of many of our towns and villages who have their worthies or eminent men. It has been the aim of the writer to collect the names of the local worthies or eminent men who have been connected with his native town either by birth, long residence, or other close connection with the place. The first names that we find in history in connection with the township of Pudsey, are those of two Saxon Thanes, DuN- STAN and Stainulf, who held the lands in Pudsey between them, before the time of William the Conqueror.* Richard de Pudsey was the founder of the ancient Pudsey family, whose descendants are living unto this day. Gregory de Pudsey, the son of Richard, gave 18 acres of land in Pudsey to Kirkstall Abbey, viz., 10 near Ferneley- brooke, and eight in one assart, with a toft and garden. * See pages 4 and s. IS8 HISTORY OK PUDSEY. Roger DE Pqdsey, son of Gregory, gave to the same Monastery two and a half acres of land in Pudsey. Roger had a son called Thomas, who gave to the same Abbey an assart in the wood near Farnley River or Brooke. His son was Geoffrey de Pudsey, who also gave to Kirkstall Abbey an ancient messuage, garden, and three acres of land with common-right in Pudsey, which messuage was probably the Mansion House of the family, because his son and heir, Simon de Pudsey was married to Katherine, daughter and heiress of John, Lord of Bolton, near Gisburn in Craven, to which place he removed, temp., Ed. II., 1307 to 1327, and from him there is a full pedigree of the family in Thoresby's Ducatus, and also in Foster's Pedigrees of Yorkshire Families. Adam Sampson de Pudsey gave five acres of land in Pud- sey, in 1280, to Kirkstall Abbey, and his son, Walter Sampson, gave with his corpse an annuity of 2s. issuing out of lands here. He also gave one meadow with all his lands in Grimflat. This Walter was one of the few persons who were honoured with burial in the Abbey. Tempest Milner, son of Samuel Milner, of Pudsey, was a Citizen and Merchant Taylor and Alderman of London. He purchased the Manor of Pudsey and estates there from Henry Calverley, and Joyce, his wife, in 1649, and reconveycd them to Henry Calverley, in 1650. He had a son, JOHN MiLNER, who was English Consul at Lisbon, in Portugal. Robert Milner, brother of Tempest, purchased the Manor •of Pudsey and estates there from Walter Calverley, in 1663. John Milner, son of Robert, was the next Lord of the Manor, and he was one of the witnesses who signed the will of Elk. Wales, at Leeds, in 1669. This John Milner, who died in 1710-1 1, had a son John who was an M.U. He died in 1724. Elkanah Wales, M. a., who was born at Idle, in 1588, and after a course of studies at Trinity College, Cambridge, terminating in 1609, he accepted the poor curacy of Pudsey Chapel, about the year 1614.* Rev. James Sale was the son of Mr. James Sale, of Pud- sey, where he was born in 1619. He was a companion and ^reat comfort to old Mr. Wales, with whom he served as a son in the Gospel. He was educated at the University of Cambridge.f Rev. Richard Hutton, of Pudsey, who was the great grand.son of Dr. Matthew Hutton, Archbishop of York ; grand- son of Sir Thomas Hutton, of Poppleton ; and the son ot Richard See pages J17-50. t See pages 51, 8o-8i. RICHARD THORNTON, ESQ. 159. Hutton, Esq., and his wife Dorothy, daughter of Ferdinand Viscount Fairfax, Baron of Cameron in Scotland and Denton in Yorkshire. " Mr. Richard Hutton and Beatrix Sale " were married at Calverley Church, October 27th, 1682. Mr. Hutton was buried there July 28th, 1708, and his widow was buried July 23rd, 1709. They were buried in the south aisle, and their broken tombstone is near to the tombstone of Mr. Sale. Richard Hutton, Esq., of Fudsey, son of the above-named Richard Hutton, married, at Hopton, Mary, the daughter of the Rev. Richard Thorpe, one of the ejected ministers, a man of property, and then a nonconformist minister at Hopton. This Mrs. Mary Hutton, of Pudsey, died in 1723, and was buried at Calverley Church, December 24th. Richard Thornton, Esq., of Tiersal, Pudsey, was Re- corder of Leeds, and a celebrated antiquary. Thoresby, in his History of Leeds, styles him " the learned, ingenious, and pious Richard Thornton, Esq., the excellent Recorder of Leeds, Heir male of the ancient Family of the Thorntons, of Thornton and Tyersall, whose noble collection of manuscripts has been of singular advantage unto me in this undertaking, and yet the benefit received from his personal instruction and assistance has been infinitely more." Then follows a full pedigree of the family. He died in October, 1710, aged 51, and was buried at St. John's Church, Leeds. He had a son, John Thornton, Esq., of Tyersall,. who was also a merchant at Hamburgh. Richard Hey, drysalter of Pudsey, was the son of John Hey, of Pudsey,, and was born in the year 1702. He married Mary,the daughter and co-heiress of Mr. Jacob Simpson, a surgeon in Leeds, whose father was a physician in Wakefield. She was descended from the Sykes family, and the pedigree of the family may be seen in Thoreshy'.S History of Leeds, and also may that of Mr. Hey's family, at page 3. It is recorded that Mr. and Mrs. Hey paid such attention to the instilling of good principles, that very serious offences among their children were rare, and whilst he impressed upon his children, with peculiar energy, his own nice sense of right and wrong, he intermixed with it a degree of prudential consideration. His strict integrity was so well known that he was frequently spoken of as " Honest Mr. Hey." He was a zealous Churchman, and paid much respect to the clergy, and he contributed liberally towards increasing the endowment of the Old Chapel of Pudsey, in 1733. Mr. Hey died on the 24th of February, 1766, aged 63. His illness must have been of short duration, as I find that he attended a town's committee l6o HISTORY OF PUDSEY. meeting as overseer of the poor, on the ist of the same month. Mrs. Hey died on the 19th of May, 1768. They had a family of eight children, and all their sons who lived to manhood received honourable titles, and became eminent men in their several spheres of labour. Their children were: — ist, Rebecca, bap. March 10, 1730-1, who married the Rev. Wm. Holmes, vicar of Thorner, curate of Knottingley and Ferry Fryston, and Master of the Free School at Pontefract. 2nd, Richard, bap. Sep., 1732, who died young. 3rd, John Hey, D.D., bap. Aug. i, 1734. 4th, William Hey, F.R.S., bap. Aug. 16, 1736. 5th, Samuel Hey, M.A., bap. March 28, 1739. 6th, Dorothy, bap. April 9, 1741, who married Mr. John Radcliffe, of Pudsey, drysalter. 7th, Sarah, bap. April 15, 1743, who married Mr. John Sharp, of Gildersome, drysalter. 8th, Richard Hey, LL.D., bap. in Sep- tember, 1745. John Hey, D.D., the second, but eldest surviving son of Mr. Richard Hey, of Pudsey, was born in July, 1734, and when between nine and ten years of age was sent, along with his younger brother William, to an academy at Heath, near Wake- field, which was superintended by a gentleman of highly re- spectable character, and an eminent mathematician, Mr. Joseph Randall, who conducted it upon a large and liberal, though somewhat expensive plan. The Rev. Dr. Dodgson, afterwards Bishop of Elphin, and the Rev. Mr. Sedgewick, afterwards head- master of the Free Grammar School at Leeds, were classical tutors. When seventeen years of age, in I75i,hewent to the University at Cambridge, where he was admitted of Katherine Hall, and he continued a member of that college till 1758, when he removed to a Fellowship in Sidney Sussex College, of which college he continued a member till he quitted the University in 1795. We may form .some estimate of the assiduity with which he pursued his studies when we are informed that before he was twenty-one years of age he had taken his degree of B.A. of Katherine Hall ; and when twenty-four his degree of M.A. of Sidney College, viz., in 1758. He took the degree of B.D. in 1765, and D.D. in 1780. But in 1775 he performed his exercise for his doctor's degree, in which he gave (says his brother Richard) an instance of that mode of disputation which is not usual, and is called a Public Act. He was a tutor of Sidney College from 1760 to 1779, and he was one of the preachers of His Majesty's Chapel at Whitehall. Lord Maynard offered him the rectory of Pas.senham, in Northamptonshire, near Stony Stratford, which he accepted, and immediately vacated his JOHN HEY, D.D. l6l Fellowship in Sidney College. Not long afterwards he ob- tained the adjoining rectory of Calverton, Bucks, by exchange for one offered to him by the Earl of Clarendon, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. In 1780, he was elected the first Norrisian Professor of Divinity in the University. In 1785, and again in 1790, the professorship became vacant by the will of the founder, Mr. Norris, and he was each time re-elected. In 1795, he ceased to be professor, being too old, by the will, to be re-elected, and having declined to vacate the professorship, in 1794, in order to be re-elected within the prescribed age. Wh%n tutor in Sidney College, he gave lectures on Morality, which were attended by several persons voluntarily (amongst whom were the great states- man, Mr. Pitt, and other persons of rank), besides to those pupils whose attendance was required. These lectures on Morality have not been printed, but his lectures on Divinity are before the public, having been printed at the University Press, 1796 to 1798, and, published in four volumes, octavo. These lectures have passed through three editions ; the last edition was published in 1841, and was edited by Bishop Turton, of Ely. In 181 1 he printed — without publishing — "General Observations on the Writings of St. Paul." On an application for a copy of the latter work, made to him through a nephew (Mr. Sharp), the author, wrote the following peculiar answer, a copy of which I have in the hand-writing of the applicant : — Mr. Dodd does me Honor : but I think you must tell him that I do not publish , or take money for my Observations on St. Paul, being unwilling to unsettle any one's notions: that I have printed only a small number, and at a very considerable Expence, and so am obliged to be very stingy of my copies, and to lay down Rules to myself about the Disposal of them. One is not to give a ( opy to any one who can easily borrow one. Now, as Mr. Dodd lives in London, he might, by using my name, borrow a Copy of Mr. Richard Twining, Junior, No. 34, Norfolk Street, Strand. I give to no Bishop, to no Curate, to no Female (Mrs. West excepted, for particular Reasons, and as an Authoress), to no Voung Person in a Course of Kducation, to no Calvinist, semi or quarter Calvinist, to no one without his consenting to hazard his principles — and so on. In 1 812, he published a pamphlet entitled — " Remarks on a Bill in Parliament respecting Parish Registers," and at page 22 he refers to the "village of Pudsey, where is a capital Establishment of Moravians ; be- sides several thousands of inhabitants of all denominations." In the year 18 14, he divested himself of the whole of his ecclesiastical preferments, which were merely the two livings mentioned before. He removed to London in October, having resigned the living at Calverton at Lady Day, and Passenham on the loth of October. P>om that time he continued in London, until his death ; growing feeble in body, till, without Y l62 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. painful disease, he sunk under that feebleness, retaining to the last a soundness of mind, and giving to every business that came before him a remarkable degree of that careful attention, which had evidently been with him a matter of strict duty throughout a long course of years. He died on the 17th of March, 1815, aged eighty years, and was buried in the burial-ground of St. John's Chapel, St. John's Wood, Marylebone, in which parish he died. William Hey, Esq., F.R.S., an eminent surgeon, of Leeds, was the second su'rviving son of Mr. Richard Hey, of Fudsey, and was born in August, 1736. At seven years of age, he was sent to school near Wakefield, along with his elder brother John, and during the seven years that he remained at school, he applied himself to his studies with great diligence and industry, and thus acquired a vast amount of useful knowledge. He dis- played a great love of learning and science, which increased with his years, and was conspicuous through every subsequent period of his life. At fourteen years of age, he was apprenticed to a surgeon and apothecary at Leeds, where he acquitted himself with great credit. In 1759, he commenced the exercise of his profession in Leeds, and slowly and gradually rose to the very highest position, as a skilful surgeon, a Christian philanthropist, and a worthy citizen. In scientific matters, he was intimately associated with Dr. Priestley, on whose recommendation he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1775. He took a very active part in the formation of the Leeds Infirmary, and was appointed one of the surgeons, an office which he held for forty- five years, thirty-nine of which he was the senior surgeon. On the formation of a Leeds Philosophical Society in 1783, Mr. Hey was elected president, and read many valuable papers to the members. In 1786, he was elected an alderman of the borough of Leeds, and in the following year was appointed Mayor. He was again elected Mayor in 1802. This eminent man died on the 23rd of March, 18 19, full of honours, and at the advanced age of 83. He was buried at St. Paul's Church, Leeds, and his funeral was attended by a great number of friends and fellow- townsmen. The death of Mr. Hey was an event deeply felt and sincerely lamented throughout the borough of Leeds. A full- length marble statue of Mr. Hey (by Chantrey) was afterwards erected by the subscriptions of his fellow-townsmen, and is placed in the Leeds General Infirmary. Samuel Hky, M.A., was the brother of the preceding Heys. He was born on the i6th of March, 1739, and was RICHARD HEY, LL.D. 163 educated at Cambridge, where he attained his B.A., and after- wards his M.A., degrees. He was elected Fellow and Tutor of Magdalene College, Cambridge. He was afterwards vicar of Steeple Ashton, in Wiltshire ; and Dr. Whitaker says of him, that he was " an excellent parish priest." He left a benefaction of ;^50 to the Leeds Infirmary, with this condition attached to it, that the Church minister at Pudsey should for ever have a right to recommend patients, equal to a subscriber of two guineas annually. Richard Hey, Esq., LL.D., was the youngest son of Mr. Richard Hey, of Pudsey. He was born on the 22nd of August, 1745. He, too, like his other brothers, was educated at Cam- bridge, and when twenty-two years of age, took his degree of B.A., as third wrangler of Magdalene College, obtaining also the Chancellor's first gold medal and the Smith Prize. Three years afterwards he took his M.A., of Sidney College, and in the same year, viz., 1771, in November, he was called to the Bar, in the Middle Temple; and with a view to the practice at Doctors' Commons, he took the degree of LL.D., in December, 1778, of Sidney Sussex College ; and he obtained in the same year the fiat of the Archbishop of Canterbury for his admission into Doctors' Commons. However, as a barrister he did not succeed, so he retired from the Bar. He was a Fellow and Tutor of Sidney Sussex College till 1778 ; and afterwards of Magdalene College from 1782 to 1796. He was also elected one of the Esquire Bedells. He married the daughter of Thomas Brown, Esq., of Hatfield, Herts, Garter-Principal King-at-Arms, who died without issue. He died on December 7th, 1835, at Hertingfordbury, near Hertford, in the 91st year of his age, being the last surviving son of Mr. Richard Hey, of Pudsey. John Ryley was an eminent mathematician, and was teacher of mathematics, etc., at Leeds, for a long period of years. He was born at All-Cotes, Pudsey, on the 30th of November, 1747. He received at an early age such a common education as the school of his native village afforded, and was afterwards employed at home, in the joint occupation of husbandman and cloth manufacturer ; spending his leisure hours diligently in the study of the various branches of mathematical science. So assiduous and successful was his application, that he was suffi- ciently qualified for engaging as mathematical teacher at the Drighlington Grammar School, a situation which he held with great credit for upwards of a year ; then, yielding to the solicita- tions of his friends, he opened a school at Pudsey, where he 164 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. received a good share of that encouragement which his abilities entitled him to expect. He afterwards obtained an excellent situation as schoolmaster at Beeston, where he remained for thirteen years, and won the respect of all who were brought in contact with him. In 1789, the situation of head-master of the Charity School in Leeds became vacant, and Mr. Ryley, being highly recommended for the position, received the appointment, and held it with distinguished ability until his death, which took place on the 24th of April, 181 5, in the 69th year of his age. He was one of the originators and the first editor of a " Literary, Mathematical, and Philosophical Miscellany," called "The Leeds Correspondent," until his death. He also compiled a " History ■of Leeds and the Neighbouring Villages," published in 1808. John Edwards was born at Fulneck, Pudsey, on December 5th, 1772. He was the son of a shoemaker, and when young learned the trade of a shalloon weaver. He removed to Derby, where he was engaged in the spirit trade. He was an estimable man and a pleasing poet. His first publication was — " All Saints' Church, Derby," a blank verse composition, 1805 ; his next — " The Tour of the Dove ; or, a Visit to Dovedale," published in 1821. Smaller pieces appeared from his pen after- wards, as " Recollections of Filey," etc. Rev. Joseph Sutcliffe, M.A., an eminent Wesleyan minister, was a working man at Pudsey, when at twenty-two years of age, he was in 1784 appointed a class-leader and local preacher, and in 1786 he was sent from Pudsey by Mr. Wesley to labour in the Redruth circuit. He was a useful and honoured Wesleyan minister for the long period of seventy years, and died May 14th, 1856, aged 94 years. He had creditable literary attainments, was an excellent grammarian, an admirable sermoniser, a pious and intelligent commentator, and a respectable geologist. He was the author of several useful works. Rev. Michael Maurice, Junr. — In the Old Chapel grave- yard (All Saints', Pudsey), there is a tomb-stone to mark the resting-place of a "Mr. Maurice, an orthodox dissenting minister." This was the father of Michael Maurice, who was a man of real worth. Michael Maurice was born at Pudsey in the year 1767. His father, it is said, was a man of serious mind, and his son's preparation for the ministry was made under a deep sense of responsibility. Mr. Maurice's first .settlement as a minister was at Great Yarmouth ; but it does not appear that his stay here was long, REV. MICHAEL MAURICE, JUN. 165 for soon after the Birmingham riots, when Dr. Priestley had to fly for his Hfe to London, Mr. Maurice was invited to take the afternoon duty at the Gravel Fit Chapel, Hackney, and he soon became intimately associated with the great Dr. Priestley. It is mentioned as an interesting fact in his history, that he assisted the Dr. in packing his books and philosophical apparatus when the latter took farewell of his ungrateful country. Mr. Maurice did not remain with the Hackney congregation long after Dr. Priestley's departure for America. He removed to Kirby, where he opened a school, which proved most successful. But in this secluded place there was no temple in which he could consistently worship. — At this little village was born, in the year 1805, his son Frederick D. Maurice, who became the great Professor Maurice, of King's College, London. Professor Maurice is the author of many valuable works on theology and metaphysics, his great work — " The Religions of the World," still keeps its place in the literature of England. From Kirby, for what reason does not appear, Mr. Maurice went to Lowestoft, in Suffolk, a town of little promise, yet connected with the gloomy early history of Crabbe, the poet, and of which the upright though eccentric Whiston was once vicar. Mr. Maurice's predecessor in the Lowes- toft pulpit was the learned and amiable Thomas Scott, the poetical translator of the book of Job. Here Mr. Maurice spent several years of usefulness, but in 181 5 he was chosen minister to the small but respectable congregation at Frenchey, a pretty hamlet near Bristol. The chapel at Frenchey stood on a pleasant com- mon, though there were many genteel houses in the vicinity of the chapel. In this beautiful retirement, with plenty of work to do, Mr. Maurice stayed till the year 1824. His son, F. D. Maurice, who was a man of great learning, married twice, and both times remarkably gifted women. The first was sister to John Sterling, the poet ; the second was a sister to Sterling's friend Hare, and was also a lady very distinguished in the literary world. Mr. Michael Maurice's other children went with him to Sidmouth, Southampton, Reading, and finally to London. It is said that Mr. Maurice was a fine speaker, and had a remarkable command of language. It is also said he was always heard with pleasure as a preacher. Mr. Maurice was a thorough advocate of civil and religious equality. He was associated with Clarkson and Macaulay (the father of Lord Macaulay, the historian), in their work of slavery abolition. Among his friends in the world of literature were Mrs. Barbauld, Coleridge, Samuel Rogers, Dr. Price, and others. He lived a good life and was a man of high 1 66 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. culture, with an open mind for all good, and retained his mental faculties to the last. He died near London in 1855, at the advanced age of eighty-eight* Lepton Dobson, Esq., of Grove House, Pudsey, occupied with distinguished honour the position of Mayor of Leeds in 1 82 1. It was during his mayoralty that it was resolved to pull down the Middle Row in Briggate. It was Mr. Dobson who succeeded, after others had failed, in laying the foundation of an agreement with the Vicar of Leeds, which led to the institution of the Free Market in Vicar's Croft, which Parson's History of Leeds says, was " one of the most signal and beneficial improve- ments ever accomplished in the town of Lced.s." The first stone of the Central Market in Duncan Street, Leeds, was laid by Lepton Dobson, on the 26th November, 1824, as also was that of the Commercial Buildings, on May 1 8th, 1826. One of the ancestors of Lepton Dobson was Joseph Lepton, who also deserves a place in our list of eminent townsmen. He was one of the first trustees of the Nonconformist Chapel, erected in 1708, at the top of Chapel- town, Pudsey, and he left by Will, dated 1715, a field, called Dick Royd, in Pudsey, the rent of which, after deducting iJ'3 a year for a dissenting minister settled in Pudsey, was to be given to the poor who do not receive parish relief He was brother- in-law to Richard Hey, drysalter, having married Dorothy, the daughter of Mr. John Hey, of Pudsey. He died in 1 716, at Little Gomersal, having appointed John Hey, of Pudsey, his father-in-law, and Jonas Thornton, of Horton, his executors. Lieut. John Carr, a native of Pudsey, born June 2nd, 1798. When seventeen years of age, he joined the army, and rose from the ranks to be Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 2nd Regiment of Life Guards ; was personally complimented for his abilities in manceuvring troops by His Majesty the King. Served in the Life Guards for the space of twenty-four years in the most zealous and exemplary manner. Died from the result of an accident, much respected, June 6th, 1839, aged 41 years, and was interred in the Holy Trinity Church, Brompton, London. Samuel Ryley, mathematician, was the son of Mr. Joseph Ryley, of All-Cotes, Pudsey. He was born in 1783, and from his boyhood took the greatest interest in arithmetical and mathe- matical studies. He was instructed by his uncle, Mr. John Ryley, and showed himself a worthy pupil. He contributed to * This notice is contributed by Mr. Thompson, of Pudsey. BISHOP REICHEL, D.D. 1 6/ some of the mathematical periodicals of his time. He died on the 1 6th of May, 1847, aged 64 years, and was buried in the burial ground of Pudsey Church. William Huggan, was born in 1802, and after learning the art of cloth-making, carried on a successful business during a long life. In township matters he was a faithful public servant, for at various times, through a long period of years, he filled local offices with credit to himself and satisfaction to his fellow- townsmen. Every movement which had for its object the im- provement of society, the extension of freedom, whether civil or religious, had his countenance and hearty support. Institutions for the diffusion of knowledge and the spread of instruction amongst the young were benefited by his liberal and generous donations. He will be long remembered, not only for the many sterling qualities he consistently exhibited, his unswerving adherence to principle, and the unblemished character he main- tained, but also for his high sense of public duties and the obligations of the citizen, all of which he discharged in an honourable and worthy manner. He held the office of overseer of the poor for many years, and previously had held the office of guardian for several years, and for the three years prior to his death he was one of the councillors of the Bramley Ward in the Leeds Town Council. Mr. Huggan died on the 6th day of December, 1869, and was interred at the Independent Methodist Chapel, Lowtown, Pudsey. The Right Rev. Charles Parsons Reichel, was born at Fulneck, in 18 16. He was the son of a Moravian minister, but his ancestors have been, with the above exception, Lutheran clergymen, so far back as the Thirty Years' War. In 1835 he became a member of the University of Berlin, where he studied Hebrew, Syriac, and Arabic, together with Ecclesiastical History and New Testament Exegesis. In 1838 he returned to England, and graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he gained a classical scholarship, and took a gold medal in Greek, first Hebrew premium at seven examinations, and was first in the first class at the final Divinity examination in 1846. He was then ordained deacon in 1847 ; appointed to a curacy at St. Mary's, Dublin, which he resigned three years afterwards on being appointed Profes.sor of Latin, at Queen's College, Belfast. In 1854 he was chosen Donnellan Lecturer at Dublin University. These lectures are now out of print, and he has been Select Preacher at the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin ; in the latter University holding the office twice. In 1856 he l68 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. was created D.D. by the University of Dublin, and in 1864 ac- cepted the vicarage of Mullingar at the hands of the Crown, where he remained until he was transferred to Trim and the Archdeaconry of Meath in 1875. Dr. Reichel was appointed Dean of Clonmacnois, and he acted as Commissioner for his Grace the Lord Primate, in which capacity he carried on the affairs of the diocese of Meath, in the interregnum that elapsed after the death of Dr. Butcher ; and at the election of Dr. Plunket, now Lord Archbishop of Dublin, the present Bishop him- self received a large number of votes, especially from the laity. On Lord Plunket's election in 1885, Dr. Reichel was elected to the See. He was one of the three Select Preachers at the late Church Congress at Wakefield.* John T. Beer, F.S.A.S., F.R.S.L., Threapland House, Pud- sey. He was born at Whitstable, in Kent, in the year 1825, and received his early training in the British School of that place. At twelve years of age he was removed to Maidstone, and began working life as an errand boy, subsequently learning the trade of a tailor with his father. He worked at his trade in London, and as a foreman at Retford and Sheffield, and while in Retford was married to a daughter of Mr. William Pennington, a worthy burgess of that ancient borough. In 1857, he commenced busi- ness on his own account in Leeds, at the instigation of the late Dr. Punshon. During his business career, he devoted much attention to studies of an intellectual character, and was fre- quently engaged giving lectures on physiological, scientific, and other equally solid subjects. Poetry also, found in him a devoted admirer, and he wooed the Muse himself on many occasions.t Mr. Beer was connected with the Cambridge University Exten- sion scheme on its introduction into Leeds, and was the President of the Students' Union during the three years of its existence. Before this Union he gave lectures on the Transit of Venus, Comets and Shooting Stars, and the Moon. He is also President of the Bradford Scientific Association ; before which he has lectured on " Changes in the Coast-line of Kent," the " Motions of the Moon," " Past and present History of the Moon," "Solar Physics," etc. He has also been engaged for many years in pursuits of an antiquarian character, having thereby acquired an important and valuable collection of Roman and other pottery, coins, old china, rare books, etc. Mr. Beer has been untiring in * Thif^ sketch has been contributed by the Rev. R. V. Taylor, B.A. See also sketches of Dr. Reichel, in Church Bells, No. 321, and Men 0/ the Time, 1837. t For list of Mr. Beer's writings, see Chapter on the Bibliography of Pudsey, JOHN NAYLOR, MUS. DOC. 169 his efforts on behalf of the Mechanics' Institute and other asso- ciations, religious and philanthropic, of Pudsey. For upwards of twenty years Mr. Beer has been closely connected with the Wesleyan Church in Pudsey, formerly as a local preacher, and since, as the teacher of the Adult Class, which at the present time numbers over forty members. In 187 1, he was elected a F"elIow of the Royal Society of Literature, and also of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. John Naylor, Mus. Doc, Oxford. This talented musi- cian was born at Stanningley, at which time his father was clerk of St. Paul's Church, Leeds (a very important position forty years ago). It is said of the elder Naylor that " he possessed a fine, rich-toned bass voice, with which he used to astonish the congregation occasionally, when holding out the low note in one of the responses or the Amens." He was a good-natured, genial man, and his company was much sought after by music-loving friends. Young Naylor received his earliest musical training as a choir-boy at the Parish Church, Leeds, the first year and a half of which time Dr. S. S. Wesley was the organist. He was after- wards deputy-organist thereuntil 1856, when, at seventeen and a half years of age, he was appointed by Dr. Whiteside to the organistship and choirmastership of the parish church of Scar- borough. This position he held until 1873, when he was appointed organist of All Saints', Scarborough ; and in 1883 he was promoted to the valuable and much-coveted post of organist and choirmaster of York Minster. Nelson Varley was bom in 1846, the son of Richard Varley, of Stanningley. He was apprenticed in his youth to Mr. Nicholson, organ-builder, of Bradford, but long before his indentures were out, he had shown himself to be possessed of a tenor voice of fine quality and power. Encouraged by some friends at Bradford, Mr. Varley, on the expiration of his apprenticeship, was taken in hand by Chevalier Lemmens, to whom he engaged himself for five years, and under whose direction he was first introduced to the public at the Crystal Palace, with a success which was in the highest degree gratifying. He accompanied Madame Sherrington and a "concert party" through the provincial towns four or five years in succession, and both in the country and in London made good his early promise. Mr. Varley also accom- panied Madame Rudersdorf to America, where his success was even greater than in England. After being in America rather more than a year, he returned to this country, and, with his wife I/O HISTORY OF PUDSEY. (Mdlle. Theresa Liebe), fulfilled many successful engagements. Mr. Varley died at Cardiff, on the 2nd of December, 1883, at the age of 37. Robert Salter. Born in 181 7, in very humble circum- .stances, the subject of our sketch became one of the brightest examples of the class of citizens who raise themselves from ob- scurity to positions of wealth and respect. He was a man of a most retiring disposition ; shunned all ostentation, but he had great business tact and ability, and those qualities of honesty and integrity, which build up a solid and permanent commercial concern. His prosperity and great success in business did not, as is too often the case, harden his heart, or tighten his purse strings, for, throughout his life, he had a large tender heart and a generous disposition, which prompted him to do many a benevo- lent action unknown to those around him. In 1854 Mr. Salter commenced business with Mr. W. D. Scales, in Pudsey, the pur- chase money of the business being ;£^3CX3, a large proportion of which was borrowed. This was during the time of the Crimean War, and for three years trade was very bad, and after this lapse of time the firm found they had not a penny left. Thanks to their honourable business transactions, this time of trial and difficulty was overcome, and a change for the better took place. The firm grew and prospered, and ultimately became one of the largest firms in the county in the wholesale boot and shoe trade. Much of this success was due to Mr. Salter, whose integrity, knowledge, skill, and energy in the mechanical department had no small share in building up the very extensive and successful business of this important firm. Mr. Salter was a Liberal in politics, and a Congregationalist in religion. He was elected a member of the first Local Board of Health in Pudsey, but re- signed his seat on his removal to Underwood Villa, Rawden, in 1875. He was thrice married, and left a widow and a son, Mr. Joseph Salter, The Oaks, Newlay ; and daughter, Mrs. Driver, Croft House, Rickardshaw Lane ; and two grandsons, children of a son who had been dead several years. John Holmes Walker, C.E., was the only son of Mr. Joseph Walker, chemist, of Pudsey, and was born in 1855. From a child he was devoted to study and learning. He evinced great aptitudefor scientific knowledge — sanitary engineering, electricity, and cognate subjects being favourite objects of study with him. After a successful school life, he was articled to a civil engineer, and pursued his scientific studies in the evening. He eventually qualified himself as a civil engineer, and became an Associate of RICHARD WOMERSLEY. !>! the Society of Engineers. He became one of the most active members of the Bradford Scientific Association, frequently reading papers before that body, one of the ablest being on "Various forces of energy." When 2i years old, he was the second out of io8 candidates, in an examination (twenty sub- jects) for the position of Assistant Civil Engineer to the Admiralty, and was informed that had he been five years older, he would have received the appointment. He subse- quently was appointed electrical engineer to Messrs. Bower and Son, St. Neots. In a short time afterwards he fell a victim to excessive study and overwork, and at 24 years of age the bright promise of a very clever and useful life was for ever eclipsed. He lingered for five years in deep mental affliction, and died on Sunday, the nth of April, 1866, deeply regretted by every one who knew him and esteemed him, for his kind and good nature, as well as for his brilliant mental qualities. John Hvland Clough. This gentleman was born at Fulneck in 18 14, and commenced business as a grocer at Hors- forth in 1840. Here he occupied a seat on the Board of Guardians, and was much respected. He went to Stockton in 1855, where he commenced business as a provision merchant, and was prosperous. He took a warm interest in the progress and welfare of his adopted town, and for seventeen years repre- sented the South-West Ward in the Town Council. In November, 1876, he was elected Mayor of the borough. Mr. Clough departed this life on the 23rd day of April, 1878. Richard Womersley. As a public servant, this gentle- man held a deservedly high position, and at his death, which took place on the 13th of December, 1878, Pudsey lost one of its most useful inhabitants. He filled at various times several offices in the management of the business of the town, both with credit to himself and advantage to the township. He was the first chairman of the Burial Board, and took a most active part in securing the new cemetery. For a long time he served on the directorate of the Gas, Water, and other local Companies, where his sound judgment and .strict integrity always commanded respect. He was one of the two trustees of the Christmas dole, known as Lepton's Charity, which is given to the poor annually. He was well-known as a moderate Liberal in politics, and took an active part in both local and general political organisations. In religion he was a Congregationalist, and took an active interest in the formation of the Congregational Day School, Greenside, in 1853, and was one of its principal supporters until p. A. STRICKLAND. 1 73 it was transferred to the School Board. He was also a trustee, and for a long period the treasurer, of the Congregational Church. Mr. Womersley was born at Hill Foot, in Calverley, in 1813. P. A. Strickland, A.C.O., though not a native of Fudsey, was so much connected with the town and its music, that no apology need be offered for this brief memoir. He was born at Farsley on July 13th, 1858, and was the eldest son of Mr. Abra- ham Strickland of that village. His father being a musician, young Peter early became acquainted with the rudiments of the art, and evinced a great desire to learn more. When he was eleven years of age, he was admitted as a chorister at St. Thomas' Church, Stanningley, under the late Mr. Joseph Varley Roberts, brother of Dr. Roberts, now organist of Christ Church, Oxford. Two years later, Mr. Abraham Strickland was appointed Choir- master at St. Paul's Church, Pudsey, and Peter went to join his father. In a very short time he became the principal treble singer, and could without difficulty sing solos from most of the oratorios. In 1874, when he was only 15 years of age, he began to compose music, his hymn tunes — one in particular— being often sung in the church. He knew nothing of the theory of harmony at this time, yet the harmony of the favourite tune was so good, that it was not found possible to improve upon it in later years. He had been for some time learning the organ, under the able tutorship of F. W. Hird.Esq. (then organist of St. Peter's, Bramley), and made such progress that he received the appoint- ment of organist at Rodlcy Mission Church. He also studied the pianoforte, and became so proficient that his services were very much in request for local concerts, etc. In 1878, when seventeen years of age, he left the Mission Church to devote the whole of his time to music, and succeeding in obtaining the position of organist at the Wesleyan Chapel, Stanningley, which post he held four years, when he was promoted to Rawden Church. At the Society of Arts Examination in July, 1882, he was awarded first-class Certificates for organ and pianoforte playing, and took a Second- class Honors Certificate. In 1883, he entered the examination of the College of Organists, London, and on July 20th of that year, received his diploma as an Associate. In the same year he was appointed, after competition, to succeed Mr. A. Benton, as organist and choirmaster at Pudsey Parish Church, and he held the position up to his death. In 1883, also, he was made conductor of the Pudsey Choral Union. He was the composer of a large number of hymn tunes and choruses, which have been 174 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. published and well received. Besides these, he has left, in manu- script, at least forty part-songs, duets, songs, etc. Three of the principal published songs are " Love for Evermore," "Years may come and years may go," and " Something More," the w^ords of each of these being supplied by the well-knov/n writer, Edward Oxenford. Two dramatic cantatas " The Crusaders," and " The Knight's Guerdon," both works of some promise, were unfor- tunately left unfinished. In 1883, a tumour grew on his left arm,which, though brought before several medical men, grew worse. He was recommended to go to St. George's Hospital, London, where on April 18th, 1884, the limb was amputated. The shock proved too much for him, and he died a few hours after the operation, at the early age of 25. His remains were brought to Pudsey and interred in the cemetery. About 400 persons, including 40 of his pupils, took part in the funeral ; full choral services, with the assistance of the Pudsey Choral Society, were held in the Parish Church and at the grave. His happiest moments were when he was composing, and he thought little of losing his arm, being confident of making his living as a composer. His death was much regretted. A fine monument has been erected — by subscription — to his memory.* R. Machill Garth. — This promising musician was born at Pudsey on the 15th day of October, i860, his parents being descended from two old and well-known Pudsey families, viz., the Garths of Lowtown and the Machills of Ratcliff House. Young Garth received his early training at the Free Grammar School, Batley, and was a chorister boy at the old church there for two years, when between seven and nine years of age. When only nine years old, he officiated as organist at Batley Church, on the resignation of Mr. Wilkinson, but some time afterwards he became organist at Carlinghow mission church, St. James's. He was subsequently appointed as pianist at the Literary and Philosophical Exhibition, Middlesbrough (1875), during which period he was also organist and choirmaster of St. Martin's, and sub-organist of St. Paul's, Middlesbrough. When eighteen years of age, Master Garth was appointed sub-organist of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh, which post he held for six years, and during two of these years, he also held the posts of private organist to the Right Hon. Sir Molyneux H. Nepean, and the Hon. Sir Edward Colebrooke, Bt, M.P. In January, 1885, Mr. Garth was appointed to his present position, as private organist to the Right Hon. Sir Michael Shaw Stewart of Ardgowan. For * This sketch has been contributed by Mr. S. Kirlcwood of Slanningley. R. MACHILL GARTH, F.E.I. 1 75 thi.s post there were many applicants, and these were submitted to a contest at the Edinburgh University, with Professor Sir Herbert Oakley, Composer Royal, Scotland, as adjudicator. In September, 1885, Mr. Garth was elected a Fellow of the Educa- tional Institute of Scotland, a society incorporated by Royal Charter in 1841. Mr. Garth was one of the selected organists who gave recitals on the grand organ at the Edinburgh Exhibition in 1886. He also wrote the Grand March for the Royal Review in 1881. Mr. Garth has contributed many popular and pleasing com- positions to the musical literature of the country. His first composition, at the age of ten, was a set of waltzes, and at eighteen, he published a song, "The Heaving of the Lead," which is very popular in his native county. The work, however, to which we would desire more particularly to refer, is his oratorio, Ezekiel, in forty-three numbers, which has been lately completed, and which has occupied a year and a half to write. The Scottish Guardian, speaking of the first performance of this work, says: — The libretto of the oratorio was compiled by the Rev. C. R. Linton. Both subject and scheme are admirably adapted for effective musical illustration, and the united labours of Compiler and Composer have resulted in a work decidedly original in character, containing not a few striking passages, and abounding almost to excess in charming melodies. During the many years in which England was engaged in the great war, which ended at the ever memorable Field of Waterloo, it is somewhat interesting to learn that Pudsey contributed a fair contingent to those who bravely fought and bled in upholding the honour of their country on many a bloody field. George Loryman served in the 7th Royal Fusiliers, and was in ipengagements, viz., Copenhagen (Denmark), Martinique (West Indies), Busaco and Burlado (Portugal), Albuhera, Aldcade Port, Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, Fonta du Luy, Sala- manca, Mountela, Vittoria, Roncevalles, Pampeluna, PLscurial> and Lauze (Spain), Orthes and Toulouse (France) and New Orleans (America). Had a medal with seven clasps, and had, the last few years of his life, a pension of 7d. a day. Died at Pudsey, May 15th, i860, aged 75. James Gibson was in the 7th Royal Fusiliers, and was some time a Sergeant ; went through the Peninsular Campaign, and was at most of the engagements mentioned above. Had two medals with three clasps for Albuhera, Busaco, and Talavera. Had a pension of is. a day. Died at Pudsey, July 30th, 1864, aged 84. 176 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Henry WilCOCK was in the militia from 1807 to 18 12, when he joined the Grenadier Guards. Went through Spain and Portugal with Wellington, was at the battles of Nive and Nivelle, and was slightly wounded at Waterloo. He was also one of those who were chosen from the guards as the best and steadiest men to form the Uukc of Wellington's guard in Paris, in 1815. Was discharged in 1819, without a pension. In 1854 had a pension of 6d. a day granted, which was increased to gd. a few months before his death. Died at Pudsey, February 26th, 1862, aged 73. William Varley, born at Pudsey in 1793, was in the 2nd W.Y. Militia, from 1809 to 18 12, when he joined and was made a Corporal in the renowned 33rd Regt. of Foot, the " Havercake Lads," as they were called in Yorkshire. Was in the following engagements : At Marksom, in Holland, the seige of Antwerp, the storming of Bergen op Zoom, and the three days at Waterloo, where he was slightly wounded on the third day ; was discharged in 1 8 19, without a pension. Varley died September the nth, 1872. William Glover, of Lowtown, bom at Morley, was in the Militia from 1810 to i8ii,when he entered the 36th Regt. of Foot ; was engaged in the Rolohas Valleys, at Rodrigo, Badajos, Salamanca, where he was wounded ; at Burgos, Vittoria, Pampe- luna, the Pyrenees, Orthes, Nive, Neville, Toulouse, and Laville. Had a medal with six clasps, and a pension of 9d. a day. John Boocock was in the 33rd Regt, and was killed at Bergen op Zoom, March loth, 18 14. Joshua Wheater was in the 33rd Regt, was wounded at Bergen op Zoom, and died from the effects, March 31st, 1814. BIBLIOGRAPHY. HE following attempt at a bibliography of Pudsey literature, includes a list of books, pamphlets, ser- mons, essays, tracts, and articles written by natives or residents of the place ; also books written by strangers having reference to Pudsey, or its people. The list also includes books issued from the Pudsey press. Armstrong, James Leslie. Was for some time a schoolmaster in Pudsey, and edited a local paper called The Townsman, or Pudsey Literary Entertainer. David Scott, Pudsey. Fortnightly ijd. Only eight Nos. appeared. No. I, November 12th, 1842 ; No. 8, February 18, 1843. In No. 7 was commenced " The Maid of Kulneck ; or, the Affray of Adwalton." A Tale of Yore. By the Editor. The tale was afterwards published in one volume, under the title of "The Heir of St. Emerald." Printed at Bradford : Woodhead. The story forms the subject of a long poem by Robert Carrick Wildon, ofTong, " I he Forbidden Union." which, along with other poems, was published by subscription in 1850, and dedicated to Col. Tempest, of Tong. .Scenes in Craven, in 1835. 136 pp. Beningborough Hall : a Yorkshire Tale. Beer, John T., F.S.A.S , F.R.S.L., of Threapland House, Pudsey. Miscellaneous Poems. Leeds, H. W. Walker, 1859, pp. 98. The Prodigal. A Dramatic Poem. London: Peter Dow, 1861. pp. iv., 134. Creation. A Poem. Leeds : B. W. Sharp, 1870. With Portrait of the Author. pp. viii., 240 The Prophet of Nineveh. A Dr,amatic Poem. Leeds, 1877, pp. xiii., 228. Published by subscription. List of subscribers, 12 pp. Price 4s. 6d. The Beauty and Significance of Diversity. Four papers in the Yorkshire Magazme, volume I, 1872. The Theory of Solar Absorption. Five papers in the Yorkshire Magazine, volume ii. , 1873. •Comets ; also several Poems in Yorkshire Magazine, volumes i. and iii., 1871-4. AA 178 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. BOYES, John. Born at Pudsey, 1829. Sunday Schools : the Rise and Progress of, in Pudsey and its vicinity, pp. 19. No date, about 1870. T. Stillings. Historical Sketch of Methodist New Connexion Chapel, Pudsey. Article in Mtthodist New Connexion Magazine, pp. 366-69, 1872. Edwards, John. Born at Fulneck, in 1772. Afterwards resided at Derl^y. All Saints' Church, Derby. A Poem in blank verse, 410. 1805. The Tour of the Dove : or, a Visit to Dovedale. A Poem by John Edwards, Derby, 1821. A second edition was published some years afterwards, without date, containing reviews of the first edition, " Recollections of Filey," etc. England, Rev. John, Minister and Tutor at Fulneck. The Human Element in God's Work. A Sermon. Crown 8vo., 3d. The Salt of THE Earth. Two Sermons. Crown 8vo., 3d. Hev, Rev. J ohn, D. D. Born at Pudsey in 1 734 ; was a Tutor of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, from 1760 to 1779; Norrisian Professor of Divinity in that University from 1780 to 1795. Redemption. A Poem. Seaton's prize at the University, 1763, 4to. is. London. Thoughts on the Athanasian Creed. Sermon preached at Stoney Stratford, at the visitation of the Archdeacon of Bucks., April 12, 1790. 8vo. Lectures in Divinity. Delivered in the University of Cambridge, i 796-8. 4 vols., 8vo., 2IS. A third edition of these Lectures was published in 1841, edited by Bishop Thomas Turton, of Ely, 2 vols., 8vo.* Seven Sermons, preached on several occasions, 8vo. Discourses on the Malevolent Sentiments: Hatred, Misanthropy, Emy, Malice, and Resentment, 1801. 8vo., pp. xx., 213. General Observations on the Writings of St. Paul. 181 i, 8vo., pp. ii. , 143. Lktters on Patronage. In the Churchman's Magazine. A Fast Sermon, on Jeremiah, 47 Chap., Cambridge, 1775, 8vo. A Sermon on Ephesians, iv. Chap., 28 verse. Cambridge, 1777, 4to. The Nature of Ubsolete Ordinances. A sermon preached at the Assizes before the Honble. Sir Richard Aston, Knt., one of the Justices of the Court of Queen's Bench, on Wednesday, March loth, 1773. pp. 15, London, 8vo. A Sermon Preached before the University of Cambridge, on Nov. 5th, 1774, to which are added two others on the Nature of Malevolent .Sentiments, preached before the same audience in the same year. Cambridge, 1774. IS., pp. 58. Substance of a Bill Respecting Parish Registers, as amended by the Com- mittee. Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed, 21st June, 1811 , with remarks by J no. Hey, D.D., rector of Passenham, in the County of Northampton, and of Calverton, Bucks.t Buckingham: 1812, pp. 50. Hey, William, F.R.S., an eminent surgeon, born at Pudsey in 1736; was twice Mayor of Leeds. Died, 23rd of March, 1819.$ * These lectures are much esteemed for the various and extended learning, the profound thought, the copious and correct document, and the calm discussion for which they are distinguished. — Darling's Cycloptedia. t A short memoir of Dr. lohn Hey appeared in \\ift Literary Memoirs of Living Authors, published in 1798 ; in the Gent/ej/iatt's Magazine, iSi^ ; Victionarv of Living Authors, published in 1S16 ; in Rose's Bio^rapltical Dictionarv ; in Taylor's Leeds IVorthtes ; also notices in Cyclopaedia Bibliographia, Lowndfs' Bidltografiher's Manuai, etc., etc. Miniature portrait of Dr. Hey in possession of 'OVilliani Hey, Esq., of Gledhow. X The Life ot William Hey, Esq.. F.R.S.. by John Pearson, was published in one large 8vo volume, 1822, and a second edition in two vols, small 8vo, in 1823. Koth editions contain an excellent portrait of Mr. Hev, from a painting by Allen, and engraved by Scriven. B'ur short memoirs of Mr. Hey, see Parson's History of Leeds; the Christian Obserz'er for August, 1822; Darling's Cyclofcedia Bibliograihia ; the appendix to Goktun s Biographical Dictionary; Eminent Medical Men, published by the Religious Tract Society ; ^^\H\i.Cs Annais of Leeds; Taylor's Leeds t^orthies, etc. For his pedigree, etc., see Thoresby's Diicatus Leodiensis, and Whitaker's Loidis tt Elntete for portrait engraved by Holl, 4to. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1 79 Observations on the Blood. 1779. 8vo, is. 6d. Practical (Jbservations on Surgery. 8vo, 1803, los. A second edition was issued in 1810, 13s.; and a third edition in 1814. A Short Defence of the Divinity of Christ, and A Short Defence OF the Doctrine of the Atonement. Two pamphlets, published at Leeds in 1772, and republished, with other Essays from the Chnslian Observer, in one volume, 8vo, 1822, with the title, " Tracts and Essays, Moral and Theological, with Obituaries, etc., by the late William Hey, Esq., F. R.S."* Extra I'terine FcETUS. Me uml Observer and I}iquirer,vn\. n\., -p. 341. 1767. Account of a Rupture in the Bladder of a Pregnant Woman. Ibid, vol. iv., p. 58. Account of the Effects of Electricity in Amaurosis. Ibid, v., p. i. 1778. On the Cure of Diseases of the Stomach, by Milk taken in small quantities at once. Ibid, vii., p. 319. An Account of Luminous Arches. Phil. Trans. 1790. vol. xvi., p. 627.t Hey Richard, LL.D. Born at Pudsey on the 22nd of August, 1745. Died Dec. 7th, 1835. ^^ ^ Fellow and Tutor of Sidney Sussex College, and afterwards of Magdalene College, Cambridge, from 1782 to 1796.+ Dissertation on the Pernicious Effects of Gaming. Fifty Guineas Prize Essay. 1783. Dissertation on Duelling. Fifty Guineas Prize Essay. 1784. Dissertation on Suicide. Fifty Guineas Prize Essay. 1785. These three remarkable " Dissertations " were published in one volume, in i8j2, pp. xxi., 271. 6s. Observations on Civil Liberty, and the Principles of Government. 1776. 8vo, pp. 70. IS. Happiness and Rights ; an Answer to Paine's " Rights of Man." 1792. 8vo. 3s. The Captive Monarch. A Tragedy. 1794. 8vo. is. 6d. Edington. a Novel. In two volumes, duodecimo. 1796. 6s. , Some Principles of Civilisation, with Detached Thoughts on the Promotion of Christianity in British India. 1814. 8vo. 3s. Holmes, Rev. John B. Minister at Fulneck from 1824 to 1837. Died there September 3rd, l843.§ History of the Protestant Church of United Brethren. 2 vols. 2s. 6d. each. Historical Sketches of the Mission of the United Brethren. 1818. I vol. 2s. 6d. Jordan, Rev. John. Baptist Minister at Stanningley from 1834 to 1842. The Refutation ; or, Mr. John Farrer's Remarks in his Pamphlet entitled, " Correspondence between Mr. John Farrer and Mr. Jordan, of Pudsey, Proved to be False, by John Jordan." Wilson, Leeds. Pp. 16. No date. La Trobe, Christian Ignatius, of Fulneck. The History of the Missions ok the United Brethren among the Indians in North America, in three parts, translated from the German. 8vo. 1794- ' • Full list of the Tracts and Essays in Darling's Cyclopadia ; also in Watts' Bibliotfuca Britannica^ vol. i., p. 493. t From Watts' Bibliotheca Britannica, vol. i., p. 493, 1824. J For notices of Dr. Richard Hey, see Litetarv Memoirs of Living Authars^ 1798 ; Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors^ 1816; the Leeds newspapers for December, 1835 ; Darling's Cyctopcedia Bibtiogrctpkica ; Lowndes's Bibliographical Manual; and Taylor's Leeds Worthies, 5 A memorial of the Rev. J. B. Holmes was publi-shed in 1844 The introduction was written by James Montgomery. Memoir, pp. 1-71 ; Hymns, pp. 82-143; Funeral Ser.nioii for George IV.,, preached at Fulneck, July isih, 1830, and other Sermons and Discourses, pp. 144-304. l8o HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Letters from the Rev. H. Hansel, giving an account of the Nicobar Islands, 8vo, 1812. Journal of a Visit to South Africa, in 1815 and i8i6, with some account of the Missionary Settlements of the United Brethren near the Cape of Good Hiipe. 4to. £2 2s. Lawson, Joseph, Horsforth. Progress in Pudsey during the last Sixty Years. Birdsall, Stanningley, 18S7. Reprinted from the Pudsey District Advertiser. Royal 8vo, pp. xiv, 136. Lincoln, Rev. W., Curate of Pudsey Church. Will Christ come Personally before the Millenium ? Two Sermons preached in Pudsey Church. 1852. Joseph and Jesus ; being an attempt to shed New Testament Light upon Old Testament History. By the Rev. W. Lincoln, A.K.C., Curate of Pudsey. Heaton, Leeds, 1853. 8vo, pp. xiv. 293. MiDDLEROOK, JOHN. Born at Pudsey in 1844. All's Fair in Love. A Tale. In Yorkshire Magazine,vo\.i., pp. 124-128. 1872. The Weyver's Awn Comic Olmenac, for 1875-8, under the nom-de-plii/iie ot Sammy Bruskett. 2d. The Pudsey and .stanningley News. Editor. Publisher, James Stillings. First No. published, 1873. The Voice of Spring. A Poem, in Country Words of the West Riding, vol. ii., p 42. 1871. Also printed in the Garland of Poetry, by Yorkshire Authors, published by Abm. Holroyd, 1870, p. 70. Pudsey, Sir George. Three Speeches. 1684-5-7. Each folio. Ramftler, Rev. C. F. Minister at Fulneck, 1813. Died October 2Sth, 1832. The ISational Calamity Improved. A Sermon preached in reference to the interment of the Princess Charlotte of Wales, November 19th, 1817, at Ful- neck. E. Baines, Leeds. Is. Rayner, Simeon. Born at Pudsey, 1832. Died August 25th, 1886. History of Nonconformity in Pudsey. In the Congregational Register, W.R. Yorks. 1865. Folk-lore and Pudsey Worthies. Papers in Country Words of the West Riding, \o\ i. ,1870. Yorkshire Village Life. Paper in Yorkshire Magazine, vol. ii., 1873. Yorkshire Skits and Local Sayings. Paper in Yorks. Mag., vol. iii., 1874. Rides and Rambles during my Holidays. In Pudsey News, Oct., 1872. Pudsey Almanac. Edited six years, 1868-1874. T. Stillings. id. The History and Antiquities of Pudsey. Longmans, 1887. 8vo and 410. Edited by William Smith, F.S.A.S., of Morley. Reichel, The Right Rev. Charles Parsons, Bishop of Meath, Ireland. Born at Fulneck, in 181 6. Sermons on the Lord's Prayer, and other subjects. The Nature and Offices of the Church. Lectures on the Prayer Book. Sermons in Defence of the Faith. Norwich Cathedral Sermons. Praise and Prayer. The Trinity and the Athanasian Creed. Ryley, John. Born at Pudsey, in 1747. The Leeds Guide, giving a concise History of that rich and populous town, the circumjacent villages, and Kirkstall Abbey. Leeds: E. Baines, 1808. This work is now very scarce. The Leeds Correspondent, a Literary, Mathematical, and Philosophical Mis- cellany. Leeds: J. NichoUs, 1815.* * For Memoir of Mr. Ryley, see page 163 ; also the Leeds Correspondent, vol. ii., pp. 97 and T41 ; Pudsey Atmannt for 1873 ; Tavlor*s Leeds Worthies; and Leeds hirells^encer for 1815. BIBLIOGRAPHY. l8l Sewell, Edward, M.A. Born at Fulneck, 1820. Jubilee Cantata. In Commemoration of the Moravian Centenary Jubilee, 1855. This is Jehovah's Temple. A Dedicatory Anthem, composed and published in commemoration of the New Congregational Church, Pudsey, 1866. Notes on Pre-historic Britain. Geological Wanderings. SuTCLiFFE, Rev. Joseph, M.A. Born 1786. Died May 14th, 1856, aged 94 years. The Mutual Communion of Saints Exemplified. Second Edition. Trow- bridge, 1794, i2mo, pp. 74. Christian Liberty ; or. Considerations on the Propriety of Methodists having the Lord's Supper in their own Chapels. Bristol, 1795, l2mo., pp. 24. A Treatise on the Universal Spread of the Gospel, the Glorious Millenium, and the Second Coming of Christ. Doncaster, 1798, l2mo, pp. 24. A Check to Infidelity. Doncaster, 1798, i2mo, pp. 24. An Introduction to Christanitv, for the use of Young People. New York, 1801, I2mo, pp. 264. Leeds, 1808, l2mo, pp. 322. Sermons, from the French of .Saurin. 8vo, 1805, 6s. The Exercise of the Christian Ministry, by the late J. F. Ostervald. Translated from the French, and illustrated with notes. York, 1804, I2mo, pp. 144. A Review of Methodism. A Discourse delivered on laying the Foundation Stone of New Street Chapel, York. 1805, i2mo, pp. 46. The Doctrines of Justification by Faith, etc. Four Sermons. Halifax, 1806, 8vo, pp. 50. Albion Catechism, illustrating the Doctrines and Duties of the Christian Religion. 1806, i2mo. The Experience of the late Mrs. F. Pawson, with a Preface by J. Entwistle. London, 1813, I2mo, pp. 114. The Divine Mission of the people called Methodists to revive and spread Religion. A Sermon preached before the Macclesfield District Meeting. London, 1 814, 8vo, pp. 56. A Grammar of the English Language. 1815, i2mo, pp. 257. Second Edition, 1 82 1, pp. 262. A Short Introduction to the Study of Geology. London, 1817, 8vo. pp. 70. A Guide to the Lord's Supper. London, 1819, i2mo, pp. 23. A Refutation of prominent errors in the Wernerian System of Geology, and in the theories of other Writers. London, 1819, 8vo, pp. 34. Sermons on Regeneration, comprising a general view of the Ruin and Recovery of Man. London, 1820, 8vo, pp. 280. The (Geology of the Avon, being an Enquiry into the Order of the Strata, and Mineral Productions washed by its .Streams. Bristol, 1822, 8vo, pp. 104. The English Cratvlus ; or. Essays on Language, Grammar, and Composition. London, 1825, l2mo, pp. 263. A Defence of the Immortality of the Soul. London, 1829, 8vo, pp. 39. A Commentary on the Old and New Testaments, in which the Sacred Text is illustrated with copious notes, theological, historical, and critical ; with Im- provements and Reflections at the end of each Chapter. Two volumes. Lon- don, Imp. 8vo with portrait, 1834-5 ; 2nd Edition, 1838-9 ; 5th Edition, 1850 ; 6th Edition, 1854.* Psalms and Hymns. Second Edition, improved. London, 1837, 32mo, pp. 186. A Course of Original Sermons, adapted to the present times. 1840, 8vo, pp. 262. * The text of our ,-iuthorised translation is not given in this Commentary, which is equally adapted for the family and the study, and embodies the results of the Author's labours for about iorty years . . . Many valuable elucidations of difhcult passages will be found in this work, which are ]}assed over in larger commentaries. The reflections at the end of each chapter are characterised by simplicity of diction combined with earnest piety.- Hornb's Bibt. Bib.y p. 265. 1 82 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Jehovah, the Christ : a Discourse on the Ancient Prophets looking out for Christ as the Consolation of Israel. London, 1851, 8vo, pp. 16. Paternal Catechism of Religion, 8vo, 1847. SUTCLIFFE, Rev. Charles. Born at Pudsey. The Messenger, a Monthly Magazine. Edited liy C. S. 2d. National Prayer and Praise, a Sermon. Crown 8vo. 2d. Wales, Rev. Elkanah, M.A., Minister at Pudsey. Died at Leeds, May nth, 1669. The Fall of Man, and his Recovery. Two vols., 410, pp. 200, 234. Sermons at Public Fasts, 1625. Thanksgiving after ve Plague. Sermons at the Exercise at Leedes, 1632. Sermons preached upon the Holy-day Lecture, at Leedes, 1636. Sermons upon Publick Occasions in ye late Times. Offkium Postidat Beneficium : the Office and Maintenance of Ministers ; being the sum of Four Sermons on I Cor. ix. — xi. Mount Ebal Levelled, or Redemption from the Curse, by Elkanah Wales, M.A., preacher of the Gospel at Pudsey, in Yorkshire. London, printed by R. Trott, for Thomas Johnson, at the Golden Key, in St. Paul's Church Yard, 1659. A second edition was published in 1823, to which was added a " Life of the Author," with a glance at the times in which he lived, etc., in an address to the people of Pudsey, by Matthew Hutchinson, of London, who was a native of Pudsey. 8vo, pp. Ixxx. iv. 263. A Writ of Error, or a Friendly examination of a Question and the Resolution of it, deeply concerning marryed persons, or such as intend to marry. By E. W. York, 1654, 8vo. A Short Catechism, in Thirty-four Questions and Answers, designed for the Youngest sort of Catechumens. By 'Elkanah Wales, M.A., of London, 1652, 8vo. MSS. There are several MSS. in the handwriting of Mr. Wales in the British Museum (Birch MS., No. 4,460) which have evidently been prepared for the press, but which have not been printed, viz. : — A Treatise on Proverbs xxviii., 1-14. 410, pp. 64. The Whole Epistle to the Ephesians Opened. 3 vols., 4to. The Epistle to the Philippians Opened. 4to. Sermons on Psalms cxix. 4to.* Walker, Joseph, Pudsey. The Pudsey Herald, and Record of Events, id. monthly. No. I, August, 1855, 12 Nos. appeared. Was recommenced as a Weekly Paper, March 3rd, i860, 44 Nos. appeared. The Pudsey Almanac. Editor — 1855, 8, 9, 60 and 1867. Night and Morning. Two poems, which appeared in the Garland of Poetry by Yorkshire Authors, 1873, pp. 179-180. Memoirs, Sermons, Essays, Reports, etc., by Various Authors. Memoir of W. Boyes, in Methodist Ne^u Connexion Magazine, March, 185 1, pp. 139-141. Memoir of Rev. James Sale of Pudsey. Calamy's Nonconformists' Alemonal, vol. iii., pp. 440-1, 2nd edition. Also Parson's History of I^eds, vol. ii , p. 7, and Turner's Nonconformity in Idle, p. 16, 1876. Memoir of Rev. Thomas Laird, Independent Minister of Pudsey. In Evangelical Magazine, Jan. 1832, pp. 1-5. * For Memoir of Elkanah Wales, see pages 47-51 ; also Calamy's Nomonformist Memorial, vol. iii., p. 444. znd Edition ; Parson's Hiatory of Leeds, vol. ii., pp. 8-0 ; Taylor's Leeds iVorthies, p. 102 ; It^esUyan Metk. Mag., Nov., 1865, pp. 977-984. Copy of Elkanah Wales's Will, in Turner's Noncomorniity in Idle, pp. 13-16; Acrostic and Epitaph on Elk. Wales, in Yorks. Mag., vol. ii., pp. 47-48. Fudsty Almanac, 1873 ; N, and Q, 4 5 X I., page 195, 1873. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1 83 Memoir of Rev. William Colefax, Minister at Pudsey. In IVesi Riding Con- gregational Register, 1872, pp. 106-109. Also, in Congregational )t ear Book, 1873- Memoir of John Shaw, of Pudsey. Methodist New Connexion Magazine, February, 1881, pp. 65-71. The Power of the Gospel. An Essay, by Mr. W. Colefax, read at the Annual Meeting of the Idle Academy, June 24th, 1818. In Evangelical Magazini, May i8i8, p. 443. The Ordination Service, of the Rev. Wm. Turner, at a meeting of Dissenting Ministers at Pudsey, on the 25th Sept., 1782. The whole service was printed and published by Johnson, of St. Paul's Churchyard, London, 1782. Report of the Pudsey Bible Association. Fifth, 1827. Rules, List of Officers, etc. Bradford, T. Inskersley, Courier Office, 1827, pp. 16. Rules and Catalogue. Pudsey Mechanics' Institution and Literary Society, Established 1847. Pudsey — T. Stillings, 20 pp. Floral and Horticultural Society. Annual Show and Prize List. 3rd Exhibition, 1859, pp. 8. Mr. Gladstone Annotated. Conservative Association for the Pudsey Division, Pudsey News office, pp. 8. The Expeditious and Legible Reporter ; or. An Easy and Practical .System of Short Hand. By James Glover, Accountant, Pudsey. Leeds — T.Harrison. 1842. Centenary Jubilee. Celebration of the Jubilee of the Congregations of the United Brethren in Wyke, Mirfield, Gomersal, and Fulneck, April, 1855. Published by the Fulneck Jubilee Committee. London — W. Mallalieu and Co., 8vo, pp. 105. Summer Rambles at Fulneck and Pudsey. Two Sketches, by John Lee, of Bradford. In the Leeds Mercury, May 19th and 26th, 1870. HiSTORiAL Sketches of Pudsey, by William Cudworth. In the Bradford Observer, March 23rd and 30th, 1876. Historical Notice ok Pudsey, by Edward Parsons. In the History of Leeds and Adjacent Towns, 1834, pp. 210-11 and 439. Historical Notice of Pudsey Church, by George Lawton. In Collections relating to Churches and Chapels in the Dioceses of Voik and Ripon, 1842, p. 118. Historical Notice of Congregationalists in Pudsey, by F. G. Miall, In Congregationalism in Yorkshire, i860, p. 1 18. Historical Sketch of the Independents at Pudsey. In Dissenters' Magazine for Yorkshire and Lancashite, 1832, royal 8vo. Ordnance Map. Calverley, Pudsey, Tong, Farnley, etc. , being Sheet 217 of the Ordnance Map of England and Wales. Scale — 6 inches to statute mile. Surveyed in 1847 by Captain Tucker, R-E.; Continued in 1852 by Captain Barlow, RE.; Engraved in 1852, under the direction of Capt. VV. ZoUand and W. D. Gossett, R.E. at the Ordnance Map office, Southampton, and published by Lieut.-Col. Hall, R.E., Supt., Dec. 31st, 1852. los. 6d. Block Plan of the Township of Pudsey, shewing the Roads, Bye-Roads, Streets, and Water-courses, 1875. Samuel Smith, Surveyor, Bradford, Eng. by S. O. Bailey. Size : 3 feet, 7 inches by 2 feet, 10 inches. Scale : 71 chains to I foot. los. An Act for Enclosing Lands in Pudsey. 51 George III., Cap. 28th. 25th May, 1811. London: Eyre and Strahan, 1811. Pudsey Parish Church Magazine. No. I, September, 1885. St. Paul's Pudsey, Parish Ajiigazine. No. I, January, 1885. 1 84 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. The Townsman, oi Pudsey Literary Entertainer. No. i, November I2th, 1842. Last No., February 18th, 1843. D. Scott, Greenside. Pudsev Coiininl and General Aavetfisei: No. I, January, 1855, "^- No. 15, March, 1856. J. and N. Halliday. Pudsev, Parsley, atid Stanninglev Reporter. No. I, February, 1869. W.A.Clarke. Only two numbers published. Pudsey Advertiser. No. I, December, 1869. No. 14, July 21st, i860. Emsley, Greenside. Pudsey and Bramley Chronicle. No. I, March 14th, 1868, Jd. No. 34, Oct. 3i.st. Printed at Leeds. Pudsey and Stanntngley News. No. I, 1S72. T. Stillings, Jd. Friday. Pudsey and Distrut Advertiser. No I, 1885. J. W. Birdsall, Jd. Friday. FOLK-LORE AND SUPERSTITIONS. HE interesting study of folk-lore has, during the past few years, amongst the antiquarian students of the north, received a good share of attention ; its revival has arisen from the fact, apparent to many, that the superstitions and practices and old sayings, so much mixed up with the every-day life of our venerable ancestors, were fast fading away from remembrance : were fast giving way to the reasonable age ; and that now the time was really come when it was necessary to make haste to collect them before it was too late. We live in an age of improvements, in an age when inter- course is made so easy by the aid of telegraphs and newspapers, steam and educational institutes, that we are fast stripping off superstition for reason ; and when immigrations are constantly leading whole families from one district to another, and constantly breaking up the relics that have been preserved in such cases where those immigrations have been made from, it shows another reason for making good use of the time present. We have all a love for, if not the belief in, these " old wives' tales ;" we were nursed, suckled, taught, and married on these beliefs, and in due course transmit the same to our descendants too much not to have a reverence for them. So many of them can be separated from the really super- stitious that are worthy of mention too, that a collection is in many points instructive, and fancy can picture to us a reason why some old careful Matty of the past should, to prevent a BB 1 86 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. waste of nature's productions, impress on her descendants that it was really wrong or unlucky to burn anything green or of use. Some the teachings of experience, expressed in a quaint manner not easily forgotten, on unnatural and therefore not seasonable things — for instance, "a green yule makes a fat kirk yard;" against " bearded or whistling women," and so forth. We can and do believe that an unnatural season is productive of disease ; and have all an antipathy to bearded, masculine, or whistling women. By another flight of fancy we can call before us the advice of age to imprudent youth, suggesting, " That before you stir folks fires — that is, meddle with their business — know them seven years !" or the advice of age to careless youth, " Keep a thing seven years and it will be useful." There are so many of this instructive stamp that it is worth while the collecting of them. " It is really lucky to have money in your pocket when the cuckoo sings," and so it is at any time. This list of really useful proverbial expressions is great, and we do not wonder that in the works published, which are all far from complete, the authors should suggest to persons who can find interest in the subject that it is a duty of theirs to seek up, before it is too late, unrecorded morsels in their districts. It certainly has a tendency to excite our surprise to hear of some of the superstitions which existed in this district less than a-half century ago. It seems strange, and looks almost incredible to us, to hear how extensive was the belief in witches, wizards, and witchcraft, and the power of charms and certain strange and absurd ceremonies which were practised, by the fair sex in particular, in order to learn the secrets of the future, particularly those secrets which related to sweethearts and husbands. Did a young woman desire to know who should be her good lord in " the good time coming " (and no doubt this secret would like to be read even now-a-days), well, she must obtain the first egg laid by a pullet and boil it, but not a word must be spoken during the boiling or eating of it, else the spell would be broken ! During the boiling of it she must sit and look into the fire all the time, sitting on something which had never been sat on before, as, for instance : a candle-stick, a flat-iron, or astride a fire poker or cowlrake, or anything which the fertile imagination of a young lady could easily suggest. When boiled and eaten, she must then march off" to bed without sound or speaking a word, t;hen fall asleep, and sure enough she would dream of the man who was to be her sweetheart — so they said. However, should WITCHCRAFT. 1 8/ this ceremony fail of satisfying the spirits which have the secrets of the future in their keeping, she must obtain a peas-cod or " pea-swad," with nine peas in it, hang it up on the house door, and whoever came first in at the door, she must rest assured that her sweetheart would be of the same name. If this was not satisfactory, she must visit the nine wells at the " Hall-royd " (" royd," Saxon, an essart or ground cleared of wood), in the neighbourhood ; and there the fair lady must take her handker- chief and wash it in the nine wells, she would then see the gentle- man who would afterwards be her husband — so it was said. More might be added, such as " watching the porridge on St. Mark's eve," and " throwing over the pancake on Shrove Tues- day," customs which yet remain amongst us, and are practised now for fun. The belief in witches was very common amongst a large class of persons, and the fear of their power for evil showed itself in a variety of ways. For instance : if anything went wrong in their houses, their farms, or their work, they at once concluded that they were bewitched, nothing so certain, and something must be done, or else there was no telling where it would end, nor what the consequences would be. And the " wise-man," or " wise-woman " must be consulted, who, of course, must be paid just the same as we pay our medical adviser now-a-days ; and strange indeed are the stories one has often heard of the gullibility of their dupes. I once knew a cloth weaver who, when he was a young man, had been prevailed upon — on one occasion when he had a poor web, or chain, as they are called in some districts — to get a quantity of " wiggin " and put it over the loom in order to destroy the effect or power of the witches. " Wiggin " or " Sipsap," as it is now frequently called in some parts of York- shire, is the Mountain Ash, and was believed to be a certain preventative for witchcraft. Sometimes it was put over beds in which persons slept, to keep off the evil power of witches ; sometimes in stables over the horses and cattle, to prevent them from being witched, and frequently horse-shoes were nailed up behind doors in order to prevent them from being under witches' influence. I lately heard the following rhyme, which is rather appropriate : — There was an old woman at Baildon, Whose door had a horse-shoe nail'd on. Because on one night She had such a fright With a bo^art that was horned and a tail'd un. 1 88 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. I have seen a bed, which had been, I was informed, once marked all over the bed-head board with strange cabalistic signs, because those who slept in it could not rest at nights. They were troubled with night-mare, consequently they were believed to be bewitched, and these strange marks were to drive away the evil influence of the witches. A farmer in the neighbourhood had a calf which died ; it was at once settled out that it was bewitched, and that it must be burnt ; accordingly the carcase was burnt. Charms were also bought from the so-called " wise- man" and worn to protect the wearer from the power or influence of the witches. It is somewhat surprising to find in this, the nineteenth century, to what a large extent silly superstition prevails in the every-day life of a great mass of the people ; how it is mixed up in the common daily conversation. For instance, one has often heard " I wouldn't go on Friday, because it isn't lucky." If going on a journey, " Don't turn back, because there's no luck after it." Is there a leafy smut shaking on your fire-grate, then " it's a stranger about to visit you." Does a cinder fly out of the fire with a hollow side, then " it's a coffin for you." If a corpse retains a soft fleshy feeling until the funeral, then " there will be another death among the near relatives of the deceased before a long time elapses." Do you break a looking-glass, then " there is trouble in store for you." Have you heard the ticking of a spider, of course " it's the death watch ;" or the howling of a dog during the night, then " some one near you is going to die." I lately heard a person say, " They say he couldn't die easy because he was laid on a feather bed." Sometimes it is a feather pillow that is blamed. Sometimes old people will say, "You will never be able to raise that child, because it has a blue vein on its nose." Many persons will not give you a light during Christmas time, because it is unlucky to do so. If you have money in your pocket when you hear the cuckoo for the first time in a season, then " you will be lucky during the year." To spill salt is a sign of sorrow in store for you. To have crickets in your house is a lucky sign. I have heard of one family who gathered up all they could find (and they had a large lot of them) and took them with them when they removed from one house to another. If you bathe in the sea, be sure and bathe an odd number of times, and also duck yourself an odd number of times at each, if you don't it is unlucky. Has your child got a sore mouth, then try the following remedy, recommended by an old woman to a neigh- bour of mine. Obtain a live frog, and put it in the child's SUPERSTITIONS. 1 89 mouth, and pull it out by the legs, and the child will be cured ; and not only that, but ever afterwards, any person who might be suffering from sore mouth will also be cured, if the child who had the frog put into its mouth should blow its breath into the mouth of the persons afflicted. If you have warts that you want to be rid of, try some of the following remedies, which I have lately heard are certain cures. " Sell them to a friend, and then wrap up the money received (be it only a penny or more) and hide it, not looking at it again, and you will soon lose your warts." So my informant, a woman, told me, and she had known it done, she said, and quite successfully too. Another remedy is — " Rub them with a piece of raw beef, and then bury the beef somewhere, and as the flesh decays, so will the warts die." If this is not tried, then "Tie a piece of silk round the warts, cutting off the ends of the silk after tying, wrap up the ends so cut off, and lose them, and you will so lose your warts and not know how or when." So my informant did (again a lady) and she lost her warts and never knew how. One more remedy — " Rub them with a cinder and then throw it over your head, and whoever finds the cinder will get your warts." This reminds me of a practice we used to perform when I was a boy : when we found one of those hairy or downy caterpillars, found generally in hedge bottoms, and which we called " Tommy Tailyers," we used to throw them over our heads for luck. Among the schoolboys in the playground and at their games, there is a great belief in the effects of certain words and acts ; and here we find a great quantity of them are used constantly and regularly, as well as in the schoolroom. It is not to be wondered at that the imagination of a youth is so full of them, when tradition is ever keeping them green in his memory, and each lad faithfully transmits, unknowingly, his part to the fresh boys. In the schoolroom we find them going to receive a caning without fear, simply because, from the most remote ages of schoolboy life, there has been handed down this — " That if you wet your hand and put a hair across it," you will not only be without pain, but also have the consolation and joy of knowing that the cane will split ; it will split, if u.sed enough, we daresay. Again, if possible, the master's cane is conveyed and dipped in urine, and returned to the master's desk to split all to pieces at the first stroke. But it is in the playground we must look for the greater part. Here we may hear the charm repeated — " A cross to loss, a ring to win ;" and looking round find two boys at play, with a third boy acting as helpmate to one of them ; his igo HISTORY OF PUDSEY. help consists of giving the above as the play is going on, using the first part, " a cross to loss," as a cry to take away the success of his friend's opponent, and the other to encourage his friend. Signs on the ground, illustrative of the expression, are made. This third boy, in some cases, does it for friendship's sake, but in most cases it is a paid work : either, in the words of the advertisement, by salary or commission. This boy will some- times keep the ground clear with his cap, and sometimes is con- sidered very lucky. In games of marbles the players have generally a lucky " ally " as " taw," and to take this away will be like taking the great Samson's locks — it will be nothing less than taking his strength. Should you run a race, to prevent a stitch in the side, you have only to take a small bunch of grass in your left hand while running ; and in bathing, to tie an eel skin round your leg, or the more common bit of band or garter, you will be free from cramp while bathing. A rainbow is made to disappear by crossing it out, or putting two straws across each other, and weighting the four ends with bits of coal ; this is a sure method, truly believed in by a schoolboy, and should it stay for a time after, when it does disappear it is from his charm. In rainy weather, the most effective means to bring fine weather is the repetition of the couplet — Rain, rain, go away ; Come agean at t'washing-day. When it snows they are killing geese in Scotland, and sending feathers here. To make a cockchafer spin and work for his liberty, pierce him with a pin ; and the juice of the dock-leaf, with a suitable accompaniment of words, eases the pain from the -Sting of the nettle. To tell if you like butter, a buttercup is held under your chin, and if there is shown the yellow reflection, you do like butter ; all are found to be fond of butter, and, like the fortune we have told by the straggling gipsy, the verdict is made always on the right side, that allows of no doubters. To prevent another lad from growing put your hand on his head while he is in a stooping posture or on the floor, and pass one of your legs over it ; and to catch a sparrow, there is the old story of putting salt on his tail. Then, on Easter Tuesday, was the " barring out," now almost extinct ; yet, in our recent recollection, it has been done in the immediate neighbourhood. Boys were masters on this day, the master was not barred out, but turned out, and the SUPERSTITIONS. 191 school-door locked in his face, and then ensued a destruction of benches and desks, and other appliances. If you take a robin's nest it is unlucky ; your sleep will be disturbed, you will be awakened by a tapping at the window, and of course it is the robin coming to pick out your eyes. To bind an exchange one asks, " Is grass green ?" And on receiving an affirmative reply, will say, "No swaps (exchanges) back, wol thi muther's a queen." To remove doubt, another formula is necessary, and by showing a wet finger, and drying it over his head and re-showing it dry, while saying it, is a proof of the honesty of the doer, and is a clear remover of all doubts. Happily these things are now of the past, but, in some out of the way place, one sometimes hears of the remnants of these absurd delusions still lingering amongst the most ignorant of the population. LOCAL CUSTOMS AND AMUSEMENTS. IjfANY of the simple and innocent customs which If were incidental to the life of Pudsey a century or more ago, are now lost to us for ever, and in their stead we have a foretaste of the " fast life" of the larger towns. With regard to the festivals of the year and their observances, we shall only make brief references. Many of the customs attaching to saints' and other holidays in Pudsey were common to most of the villages in the manufac- turing districts of the West Riding, and have been described by other local historians.* Christmas and New Year's Day. — This season of the year was, above all others, given up to festivity. The Yule-log was burnt on Christmas Eve, the Christmas carol sung, and the "mummers" went from inn to inn, playing their fantastic "Peace Egg." On Christmas Day the brass band paraded the streets, and called at the residences of the local gentry, who regaled the members with genuine Christmas fare. The custom of sitting up on New Year's Eve till after midnight, to see the New Year make its advent, was observed by large numbers who did not attend the Watch-night services. " Letting in the New Year " was a custom of importance. A superstitious feeling was enter- tained as to the proper person to bring good luck to the house, and it was considered very unlucky if the visitor happened to have red hair. A household so visited might expect much * For descriptions of many of these ancient customs, see Smith's MorUy: Ancient and Modern^ pp. T19-150. VALENTINE DAY. 193 trouble during the coming year. On New Year's Day morning the custom of asking for New Year's gifts was observed by the children of the place, and the evening was given up to games with pins, which had been received as gifts. Valentine Day. — This festival was duly honoured, but in a widely different manner to what it is at the present time. The post-office and printing-press did not lend their aid to any great extent in the transmission of the love-epistles of a century ago ; the " soft nothings " were not conveyed to the " fair sex " of Pudsey on scented cards, elaborately and artistically designed ; but, on the contrary, the message was transcribed in a fair round- hand, and was a work of time to the unskilful penman, and when completed was carried by the lover to the residence of his inamorata, and slipped under the door in a somewhat hasty manner. Now-a-days, the factory and servant-girls of the place are the principal recipients of these missives, which are ofttimes of a very burlesque or insulting character. Shrovetide. — This season was a peculiarly happy one to the schoolboy and the apprentice ; for, after eleven o'clock in the forenoon, work for the day ceased, and merriment of various kinds was indulged in. "Collop Monday" was strictly observed, but at the present time "collops and eggs" are scarcely recognised as specialities of the day. The eating of pancakes on Shrove Tuesday is now about all that remains to us of this festival. April Fool'.S Day was made the occasion of much harm- less, and at times boisterous, pleasantry, for every one appeared to enjoy the delight of making as many fools as he could. May Day. — The observances connected with this day, as also of the 29th of May (Royal Oak Day), have all fallen into desuetude, and the decorations of the horses' heads upon the anniversary of the Restoration (1660) has become almost a thing of the past. VVhit-Mondav. — This festival has been kept with much enthusiasm during the last fifty years, and is a day looked for- ward to by the children connected with the Sunday schools with great delight. The new dresses, the singing, with instrumental accompaniments, the parading of the streets, and the subsequent tea, with a cake each to take home, made this day exceedingly popular. Now and again it would be a day of grievous dis- appointment, however, for the rain would persist in coming down just at the time when, in all the glory of new clothing, and with banners flying, the processions of happy school-children should have started on their way. The schools which took part in the CC 194 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Whitsuntide festivities of 1886 were — Parish Church (three schools), teachers and scholars, 778, conductor, Mr. John Parlcer ; Fulneck (two schools), 334, conductor, Mr. Geo. Baggaley; Con- gregationalists, 420, conductor, Mr. B. Dufton ; Upper Sunday School (U.M.F.C.), 332, conductor, Mr. S. Gaunt ; Primitive Methodist, Lowtown, 367, conductor, Mr. C. M. Sheard ; Mount Zion, 256, conductor, Mr. Albert E. Webster ; Mount Tabor (U.M.F.C.), 187, conductor, Mr. Wm. Eddison ; Roker Lane (P.M.), 100, conductor, Mr. Ramsden ; Baptists, Littlemoor, iio, conductor, Mr. J. A. Hinchliffe ; Wesleyans, Church Lane, 400, conductor, Mr. Wright Wilson ; Wesleyans, Littlemoor, 250, conductor, Mr. Stables ; Lower S.S. (Free Church), 274, con- ductor, Mr. S. Rogers ; Unitarians, 150, conductor, Mr. J. W. Varley ; Bethel, 134, conductor, Mr. S. W. Wilson ; Rickardshaw Lane (P.M.), 346, conductor, Mr. W. Cawson; St. Paul's Church, 230, conductor, Mr. Strickland; the number taking part in the festival making a total of over 4,cx)0 scholars and teachers. PUDSEY Feast does not maintain the character for real or genuine hospitality which attached to this, annual holiday in former days. The inhabitants now-a-days for the most part go to the seaside, and leave the " fun of the fair" to those who arc sticklers for keeping up the good old customs. The feast, when held at Chapeltown, was a sight well worth seeing. Pitching the bar, wrestling, hunting the pig, sack, smock, and wheelbarrow races, were amongst the so-called amusements of our forefathers. Something of the din and confusion of these old-time feasts is with us yet, and the children and young people are still enter- tained with swings and roundabouts, shows and panoramas, fat women, and gambling-tables of many descriptions Eating and drinking were formerly the principal indoor attractions of the feast-time, and beef, pickled cabbage, and home-brewed beer were the staple provisions of each household. Amongst the caterers for the patronage of the pleasure-seekers at the annual feast in former days was Tom Wild, a travelling actor, well- known in his profession throughout the North of England. Tom closed his career in the Market Place, Pudsey, in May, 1883, at the age of 70 years. " Wild's Show," or theatre, was a "house- hold word" in almost every town and village in Yorkshire in connection with village feasts thirty to forty years ago. Music, both vocal and instrumental, has been a conspicuous feature in the recreations of the Pudseyites for many generations. More than sixty years ago, the " Pudsey Old Reed Band " was a power in the village, and amusing stories might be told of both PUDSEY CHORAL UNION. I9S performers and their performances, but we refer our readers, for fuller information, to a work recently published.* In 1876, the Old Band having ceased to exist, a Brass Band was estab- lished in Fartown. Fifty years ago Pudsey had its Choral Society, and gave oratorio performances and choral concerts, at which many eminent performers, vocal and instrumental, took part. Mr.s. Sunderland, the " Yorkshire Queen of Song," made her first appearance as a vocalist in 1836, when sixteen years of age, at one of the Society's concerts. On April 27th, 1862, Mrs. Sunder- land made her last appearance at Pudsey in the " Messiah," when a splendid folio copy of Handel's immortal work, handsomely bound in morocco, was presented to this unequalled exponent of -sacred song. When the Society ceased its operations, a new one was formed in 1877, under the name of the " Pudsey Choral Union," which has continued up to the present time. This excellent body of musicians has contributed greatly to the cultivation of good music amongst the inhabitants of Pudsey, and brought before the public in a most creditable and praiseworthy manner, music of the very highest class. Amongst the British manly sports and recreations, which were at one time supposed to do much towards the formation of the national character, giving strength, pluck, and endurance, or furnishing recreation and amusement, we find that Pudsey ap- propriated a considerable share. In the Leeds Mercury of 1730, we find the following ad- vertisement, showing that Pud.sey 160 years ago, had its race ground and conditions of racing : — On Wednesday the 7th (1730), will be run for at Pudsey Upper Moor, a three pounds plate, by horses not exceeding fourteen hands high, the best of three heats, carrying nine stone, all under to be allowed weight for inches. As usual, to pay four shillings entrance, and to confortn to articles. None to run for the said plate that ever won the value of eight pounds. The horses, etc. , for these races to be showed and entered at William Hutchinson's, at the Shoulder of Mutton aforesaid, upon Monday, between the hours of twelve and eight of the afternoon. N.B. — No less than three horses to start (and excepting any horse, mare, or gelding that is or ever was Mr. Parson's of Micklefield. If any such horse running shall have no benefit of Stakes). Many of the amusements of our forefathers were rude and barbarous ; as BuLL-DAITING, which was very common during the past century. There were persons living not long ago who could remember the last bull-baiting, which took place in the croft, where the Fartown National School now stands. The * See Lawson's Progress in Puasey, pp. 103-5, 196 HISTORY OK VUDSEY. bull belonged to a man called " Jack Sheldon." He and several others who had taken an active part in the disgraceful sport were summoned before the magistrates and fined. This revolting sport, as formerly practised here, is thus described : — On the opening of this sublime amusement (?) the bull is fastened to a stake by a chain which extends about fifteen yards in length, and terminates in a very strong leather coUarpassing round his neck, his horns being previously muffled at the points with a composition of tow, tallow, and melted pitch. The attack then commenced with dreadful noises of different kinds — bellowings, hootings, huzzaings, and all the discordant noises which human savagery could invent. Whatever could be brought to bear upon the poor animal to work it into a state of fury was used ; mi.ssiles were aimed at him in front, and he was punctured with sharp- pointed sticks, and irritated with repeated twists of the tail behind. The irritation being judged sufficient, a single bull-dog is just let loose upon the prey, and if he be found incapable of pinning him by the nose to the ground, he is soon assisted by a second, and even by a third ; and when these are tired or gored, other bull-dogs, howling and impatient of control, and let loose in their turn, till the poor exhausted captive faints beneath the protracted attack, and falls a victim to a sport as barbarous as ever disgraced the race of man.""' Cock-fighting was another amusement which met with much favour amongst a certain class of society, but which need not here be described. The game of FOOTBALL was a favourite diversion in the days long gone by, but it was far different to the healthy game of football as played now, with their well- drawn rules for the guidanceof the play- ers. The game as played now-a-days, would have been voted tame and in- sipid, and as only fit for children — notthe manly game in which many were maimed for life. Many are the stories which I Football in Pudsey, a.d. 1887. havc heard old men * Holmes's Histcry 0/ Kei^/i/ey, p. 150. FOOTBALL AND CRICKET. 197 relate about this game — tales which forcibly showed the folly and recklessness of the young men of that day — the hairbreadth escapes, or the dangerous wounds which some received from their antagonists, the foolhardiness with which they entered into the contests which took place, when township was arrayed against township, and village against village, or the Lowtown against Fartown, Chapeltown, and Greenside. Great was the excitement created by the great set matches. The ball was generally " thrown down " in the field called " Greatrails," be- tween Chapeltown and Fartown. The Lowtown party had to Cricket in Pudsey, a.d, 1887. take the ball down Littlemoor to the beck, if they won the match, and the Fartown party had to take it to the beck below Smalewell. The game of football has been revived in Pudsey within the last few years, and a flourishing football club is in existence. The club was formed in 1 88 1, with Dr. Farquhar as president, and a membership of sixty persons. The game of Cricket has been long practised in Pudsey, but was at one time played in a very primitive fashion, generall)' on the highway, or the village green. Bats, wickets, and leather 198 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. balls were then unknown ; a tub leg served as a bat, made smaller at one end for a handle, a wall cape, or some large stone set on end for a wicket, called a " hob," and a pot taw or some hard substance covered with band. They were all one-ball overs if double wicket was played ; no umpires, and often those who cheated the hardest won.* All this has been changed, and the game elevated into a science, and Pudsey has its cricket clubs, the St. Lawrence and the Britannia, both of which arc regarded as formidable competitors by the clubs of neighbouring towns. In 1863 Pudsey received a visit from the All England Eleven, who played with 22 selected from the players of the township and the surrounding district. The match resulted in a victory for the All England party, though by only seven runs. In the following year the Eleven were defeated by 105 runs. Lawn Tennis has, at the present time, taken a promnent position as an out-door amusement more particularly for ladies. In 1884 the " Pudsey Lawn Tennis Club " was formed, with Mr. George Hinings as president, and a goodly number of members. The " HORNBLOWERS," once an institution m Pudsey, are now extinct. Formerly there was in Pudsey, almost within the memory of the "oldest inhabitant," an interesting custom in vogue, by which apprentices and the inhabitants generally were aroused from their slumbers by the shrill blasts of the " horn- blower," or trumpeter, whose duty it was to go through the village every morning during the week, at five o'clock, when the apprentices were obliged to arise and commence their work. The horn was also blown again at eight in the evening, when the apprentices ceased working for the day. The last horn- blower in this township was Richard Anderson, usually called ■" Old Dick Anderson." This quaint relic of bygone usages (when there were no mill-bells to arouse the people to their work) is still practised at Otley, where a trumpet is blown a la militaire, every morning, to arouse the mill-hands to their work. One night in May, i860, I was staying at Otley, when early in the morning I was awakened by the shrill rattleof the trumpet, and as I wondered what it meant, I could hear the trumpeter passing along the streets making the little town ring again. On making inquiry, I was informed what it meant. " Riding Weddings." — It was formerly a custom in this neighbourhood, for those parties who could afford it, to have what was termed " riding weddings," namely, for those who went to the marriage to ride on horse-back (sometimes two on a horse) * Lawson's Progress tn Pudsey, p. 63. THE DUCKING STOOL. 199 to and from the Parish Church at Calverley, and on the return to gallop home helter-skelter, as hard as the horses could go, in order to be in first ; sometimes a silver cup was the prize for the first in. And it was also a custom, now happily gone out of date, to seek up a number of old shoes to pelt or throw at the parties as they rode along. When shoes could not be obtained, sods were used for the purpose, and what is somewhat singular these things were done in jest and good humour, not in anger or ill-will. It is probable that this custom may have originated in the belief which existed in former times " that to throw an old shoe after a person was considered lucky." This custom was sometimes called " trashing." I have heard of a person in Pudsey (named Greaves) who offered to give his children ;if20 each, on their wedding day, if they would forego their " riding wedding," but they would not — no, not for the ;^20. !* The Ducking .Stool, " Ducking Stool." — There is, or was a few years ago, a large pond, at the top of Tyersall-lane, known by the name of " ducking stool." There was, about 60 years ago, at this pond, a chair fastened to the end of a long pole, which worked on a pivot in order that the chair could be made to descend into the water by working the pole. This was the relic of an ancient custom for the punishment of scolds and brawling women, who were placed in the chair and ducked, to the edification of the bystanders. Sometimes this mode of punishment has been con- founded with the " cucking stool," which was in use as early as the time of Domesday Book, and also with the "tumbrell," which was used sometime after. In the " cucking stool " the culprit was placed before her own door, or in some other public place, for a certain time, and subjected to the jeers of the passers-by • See Scatcherd's History of Morley, p. 195. 200 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. and of the viciously inclined. On the " tumbrell," she, or he, was drawn round the town, seated on the chair, and this was sometimes so constructed as to be used for "ducking " as well, but the " ducking stool " par excellence, was the one fixed, or moveable, but made specially for the purposes of immersion* " Riding the Stang," by the roughs, after a fight between husband and wife, was a custom formerly common in this locality, and has been carried out, within the last few years. A nominey was generally said by the person who rode the stang or rail. If the wife had beat the husband, it commenced thus : — Riding the Stang. Raiity tan, tan, tan, You may hear by the sound of my frying pan That Mrs. has beat her good man.+ The customs practised at FUNERALS were most objectionable, being the remnants of practices handed down from the dark ages. Ina description of a funeral in 1541, it is said, "The corpse was then buried, during which was sung the Te Deum, and the whole was concluded with good eating and drinkmg" It was customary, *See the Reliquarv^ j86i. James's History of Brnd/an/, p. 293. Scatchkkd's History of Morley.-^. 192, and Smith's M'orUy: Aticient ana Modern,-^. ^^. t Scatchehd's Mot ley ^\i. 193 ANCIENT CUSTOMS. 201 during the last century, to have what was termed an " arvil." The persons attending the funeral were supplied with warm ale and cakes, or a sumptuous feast was prepared either at the house of the deceased or at a public-house near, as if the visitors were rejoicing at the demise of the deceased- — a proceeding altogether unseemly on such a solemn occasion. In some country districts this feasting custom yet lingers. When we look around now, upon our town, what a change has come over the scene. Long chimneys and gigantic manu- factories have risen on every hand, giving employment at good wages to hundreds and in some instances, thou-sands of hands. The barbarities and degrading cu.stoms have, in a great measure, fled before the activity of business and the educational institutions which have sprung up in all our manufacturing villages through- out the country. The amusements are generally of a higher order, if we except the dog-racing and rabbit-coursing community, which, alas, is sadly too numerous. Sunday and day schools, mechanics' institutions, soirees, lectures, and musical entertain- ments, railway excursions, and holiday tours, cricket clubs, and other interesting and healthy out-door games, now all come in for a large share of patronage. There are now but very few who sigh for the " good old times " to which in this chapter I have alluded more particularly. 1 DD SOCIAL CONDITION AND HABITS. ^ T is not possible for us to faithfully portray the con- ''' ditions of actual living in Pudsey in the earlier ^-:^-.'7^-^ periods of its history, when there existed a vastly '^^<^^* different state of things to that which we find at Jtr'^ the present time. The want of roads, the primitive ^y conditions of the dwellings, and the domestic economy, ^ the struggles with nature to obtain a living from the * ground, and the restricted privileges of schools, churches, and literature, with the unpolished manners of the people — all these drawbacks, as we reckon them — made the conditions of life very hard to our ancestors in the bygone centuries, and we might be led to infer that " life was not worth living " under such hardships, did we not remember how readily human nature can adapt itself to circumstances. That the conditions of life were hard, may be gathered from the following illustration of the domestic slavery existing in this district in the fourteenth century : — Thomas de Tiresall made fine with the lord of 6d. chiefage, for license of having lohn, son of Roger Childeyounge, a bondman in his service up to the feast of St. Michael next ensuinge, so that he shall give back the aforesaide John to the bailiff at the time.* In the reign of Edw. III., 1352, the wages paid to hay- makers was id. per day ; a mower of meadows 5d. per acre, or 5d. per day ; reapers of corn, without meat and drink, finding their own tools, 2d. to 3d. per day ; for thrashing a quarter wheat rye, 2^d. In 1361, of same reign, a chief master • From Bradford Maxnr Court Rails. Ttmf. Edw. III. SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE. 203 carpenter or mason received 4d. per day, and others 2d. or 3d., as they acquitted themselves. In the reign of Richard II., 1389, the wages of a bailiff of husbandry was 13s. 4d. per year, and clothing once a year ; the master hind was paid los. a year ; the carter, los. ; and the shepherd, ids. From this time up to the year 1445, in Henry VI. reign, the price of labour was fixed by the justices by proclamation, viz. : freemasons and carpenters, 4d. per day — without meat or drink, 5^d. per day ; reapers and carters, 5d. per day, without meat or drink. In 1758 labourers received lod. per day. The homes of the poor were scarcely more than mere hovels, and it was not until the eighteenth century that any great improvement took place. For many generations there could be seen, around these dwellings of our ancestors, the moorland, unreclaimed by the plough or the spade, and fine woods where the towering trees grew thick as a forest. We can well understand that the labourers of those days were poor and ignorant, but it is certain that out of this apparently crude and unproductive period, and from these unlettered ancestors of ours, the present prosperous condition of Pudsey had its rise. Our forefathers laid the foundation of the manufacture, which is now the staple trade of the place, and from which the wealth, which has its evidences on every side, has been realised. In 1736, the wages of a weaver were only 8d. a day, and for this sum he had to work fifteen hours. The price of provisions was much less than at the present time, but through nearly the whole of the eighteenth century, beef and mutton were from 3d. to 3^d. per lb. ; cheese and butter from 3d. to 4d., and sugar, 6d. ; while tea and coffee were luxuries un- known to Pudsey folks of the poorer class. Clothing of all .sorts was very dear, and boots and shoes were equally expensive. The fashions in dress, and the quality of the food of our forefathers, were of the plainest description. In the beginning of the present century their food consisted of very poor fare — such as porridge, bacon, salt beef, and havercake {haver, Scandinavian for oats), now called oatcake ; in fact, so largely was this wholesome article of food used, that a regiment of soldiers (the 33rd), raised principally in Yorkshire, was called the " Havercake Lads." Wheat bread was but seldom seen in many households ; it was considered a rare treat to be favoured with it once a week, viz., on Sundays. When a pig was killed it was usual for a goodly portion of it to be distributed amongst 204 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. the friends or kinsfolk. The villagers, having but few sweets or luxuries, such as is common in this age of refinement, grew up hale, hearty, and strong ; they thought little of walking forty or fifty miles a day. The dress of the men of Pudsey, at the time of which we are writing, very often consisted of coarse grey hose, leather breeches, drab vest and coat, gay-coloured neckerchief, beaver hat, and often a striped woolsey apron, and once " rigged out " it would do almost for a generation. The dress of the fairer sex rarely rose above a gay-coloured print, the plainest of a cottage or coal-scuttle bonnet, and a plain or fancy shawl. We cannot forego the temptation to say one word to the workman of Pudsey with reference to his present condition. If he has regular work at present, he should be far better off than the working man of a century ago, with his 8s. or los. a week, and bread occasionally at famine prices, as in 1800, and again in 1820, when the best corn was from 20s. to 22s. per bushel. There was, occasionally, an increase of wages in bad times, but not in proportion to the cost of bread. At such seasons, the most sober and industrious workman had much " planning " to be able to pay for necessary food and house rent, but even in the hardest of times, we have heard of instances where men have struggled on through all difficulties, in order to be able to pride themselves upon never having received a penny from the parish. The poor who had to receive parish relief were but indifferently treated, as we are told by one writer, who says : — " At the poor-house in Pudsey, not more than fifty years ago, I have seen large black bowls filled with oatmeal porridge and milk, and a big podgy person who figured as master, filling black earthen mugs with a ladle, and the poor, miserably-clad old people, hobbling away with their meal to their room, which was not very tidy or over clean. But I suppose it was thought good enough for the aged and infirm poor." Coming down to recent times, we find that Pudsey, in the early years of the present century, had a somewhat unenviable reputation ; its inhabitants were considered rude, intractable, and scarcely amenable to the common laws regulating order and courtesy. The very name of the place furnished amuse- ment for many a long year, and anything belonging to it was thought fair game for sport. That both the place and its people had their peculiarities it would be idle to deny. The place was not picturesque enough for those who were partial to order and regularity in the architecture and • NESBIT HALL. 20S environments of the homes of the people. A writer, in 1829, thus expresses himself: — Pudsey, one of the most populous villages in the West Riding, is finely situated on an eminence, but the irregularity of its buildings detracts greatly from its natural iKauty. The inhabitants do not appear to pride themselves in the beauty of their village, or to rival each other in the exterior decorations of their several dwellings ; but, on the contrary, they try to excel each other in industry and frugality, and seem more anxious to acquire riches than ostentatiously to display them. The manufacture of woollen cloths is carried on here to a greater extent than any other village in England. * This neglect of the beautiful, in the homes of the people, might be attributed to many causes. There were no schools in existence at that time where the taste for the beautiful was cultivated, and the people had hard work to encounter in order to provide things honest, and keep the wolf from the door. True, the number of small freeholders in the place was at that time a noticeable feature, and these favourites of fortune manifested a strong feeling of independence, which may have had something to do with the indifference to external surroundings which they manifested. When the cloth manufacture began to develop itself, houses of a roomy, if not of a very substantial character, were built, generally of stone. In these houses the small manufacturers, who were also in many cases farmers, lived, and carried on the domestic manufacture of cloth. The farm buildings (outhouses) were inconvenient erections, sometimes covered with thatch, but oftcncr with grey slates. Of the better class of houses built in the sixteenth, seven- teenth, and eighteenth centuries, and occupied at that time by the yeomanry of the village, we have several good examples left to us. One of these is Nesbit Hall. — On the sunny side of the township, nestling under the hill, and protected from the north and east winds by fair-sized sycamores and beeches, stands a quaint old mansion, Nesbit Hall (or Nisbet Hall). Standing near the old iron entrance-gates, the first sight of the place gives one a feeling that there is something unusual about it. From papers still in possession of Mrs. James Clayton, it appears that in 171 2, a John Holdsworth, of Pudsey, yeoman, and Dorothy, his wife, lived here, in the " Bank-house," and then .sold it, and sixteen closes, to John Darnbrough, of Tong, who died 1 741, leaving his son John in possession. Darnbrough, junior, parted with the property, in 1755, to Richard Farrer, of Pudsey, who then * PlGOTT AND Co.'s Ditectory o/ the West Riding, pub. 1899, p. 1045. 2o6 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. . resided here; and he in 1760 sold it to Claud Nisbet, merchant, of the city of London, who built the present hall on the site of the old " Bank-house," and had the graceful monogram of " C. & J. N., 1761," cast in the conductors, with his crest on each socket below. His will is dated this year, and Claud Nisbet, the elder of two sons, enters into possession ; but " soon afterwards departed this life," where or how was never known, though some old neighbours will have it, that if the lower cellars are inspected, he will be found there. In 181 1, it was sold to John Clayton, by auction, on the condition that, if ever C. N. turned up, he should be reinstated. The Claytons were of some standing in the district, were lords of the manor of Yeadon, and earlier on, were stewards of the Calverley estate of the Thornhills, living in the house next the church there. Two generations lived here, finally leaving in 1866, since which date the place has had several short occupiers, until 1885, when it was bought by Mr. John Cliff, late of Wortley, and Lambeth, London, who now lives there, takes a great interest in keeping up the old place, and in learning anything of its history and architecture.* The house gradually ceased to be styled " Bank House " after Nisbet's pur- chasing, and now, Nisbet is changed to Nesbit. It was designed by the same architect as Fulneck (some ten years later) and the house on Scotthill ; and the similarity in the windows, mould- ings, etc., fully bears out the tradition. The old malt-kiln shown in the ordnance map was built for Christopher Scott (his son-in- law), of Wortley, maltster, by John Darnbrough, senior, and was finally sold by the late Mr. James Clayton as old material. In the grounds is an old doorway, of very much older date than the present house, and it is believed to be the front doorway of the old "Bank" house. The views over the Tong estate from this '' bank " are very beautiful. Mr. W. WllEATER, in writing of the old houses in Pudsey, tells us that In the Heights stands one of those fine old yeoman-mansions that tell us that when King James the Sapient conquered England and ascended its throne, the yeomen of Pudsey were a solid and thriving race. In the low broad windows of those houses, with their heavy stone muUions and light surmounting labels, their peaked roofs and deep splayed doorways, their cosy rooms, ond wide expanding fire-places, we have the best types of English past-baronial grandeur. In Pudsey there are some six or seven such houses— the foremost perhaps being that on Greentop, which Mr. Rayner told me was dedicated to liberty of conscience in the troublous days of " the man Charles Stuart," when these Pudsey men ranged themselves bodily on the side of manhood, and afterwards told their children how " We trampled on the throng of the haughty and the strong Who sat in the high places and slew the saints of God." * Mr. Cliff gives the accompanying photograph of the Hall to this book. WEST HOUSE. 207 Notwithstanding the awful fact that "'i'he man of blood was there, with his long emerced hair, And Astley, and Sir Marmaduke, and Kupert of the Khine." They are sacred, these old houses, to the political liberties and moral grandeur of England. 1 hey are the abiding testimony of what manner of men they were who smote with the sword of the Lord and of Gideon. Burghers and freemen they, as the domestic character of their houses still indicates— no time-servers, no menial sycophants, no aspirants for baronial distinction, no dwellers in castles, or sham things having the similitude thereof ; but plain men, substantial, capable of endurance, self-willed and self-respecting, much endowed mentally, and resolute in the good. To them the apostle's exhortation, '■ Fight the good fight," was not a meaningless waste of words ; it was a soul-wracking command. Under the roof of his friend Sales, in this very mansion at Greentop, that fiery Puritan, Elkanah Wales, was wont to preach to his brother parishioners ; and he preached in no courtly tones ; he advocated no maudlin theology ; he had taken up his cross and started to follow the (Jod-man, whom our Saxon forefathers called the Healer, He whcs justified His own life upon Calvary. Such men are born to win ; ye may destroy them in the flesh, but in the spirit they are immortal. They it was who prepared the men who rode through Charles's ranks at Marston Moor, and shattered his duplicity at Worcester ; it was their children in the wilds of the New World who taught England that prayerfulness was stnmger than kingcraft, and that freedom was more powerful than bayonets. Let Pudsey point with undying pride to these burgher-mansions, and may the spirit of the wild Vikings, whose children founded them, never depart therefrom. West House, the property and residence of Mr. James Banks, is a fair specimen of the class of residences which spring up as a result of commercial prosperity. It is of modern date, and has all the appearances of substantiality, comfort, and adaptability to the domestic requirements of the successful manufacturer. Mr. Banks has occupied a prominent position in Pudsey for many years, having served in the offices of church- warden and guardian of the poor with great ability, and to the entire satisfaction of his fellow-townsmen. He has also held other public offices, and in many ways has rendered praiseworthy services to his native town. Mr. Banks is a Conservative in politics, and a member of the Established Church. At Troydale there is an old farmhouse, upon which is a double cross or stone, denoting that the site on which it stands formerly belonged to the Knights of Jerusalem, afterwards called Knights of Malta. I'his Order had considerable pos- sessions granted to them by pious admirers in the thirteenth century, and the lessees of their lands had many curious privileges granted to them. Proof of wills was one of the prerogatives enjoyed by the Order, and this right was exercised within their manors of Crosley, Bingley, and Pudsey, so late as 1795 The wills are kept by Mr. Ferrand, at St. Ives, Bingley, whose family were impropriate rectors.* Grove House, in Chapeltown, with its tastefully laid out grounds, and many excellent conveniences, is a good specimen of the domestic architecture of last century. This was at one time the residence of John Farrer, Esq., a justice of the peace, who was of some importance in his day, as appears by the part he took in town's affairs, and what is of still greater importance, the • CuDWOET«'s Round aiout Bradford, p. 499. 208 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. lively and unceasing interest he took in the training of young men. Mr. Farrer is the first magistrate we hear of as connected with Pudsey, but at that time justice was not dispensed in the village itself, for there was no court house ; the police station had not shown itself, and the blue-coated police officer had not then began his patrol of the streets and highways. There was a poor house, at the back of which was the prison where the refractories were John Farrer, J. P. locked up until the constables could escort them to the New Inn at Bradford, or the then noted " Catherine Slack," where justices used to sit and hear cases belonging to the township. On the death of Mr. P'arrer, the Rev. W. L. Howarth suc- ceeded to the possession of Grove House, at which place he resided alternately with his Leeds residence. In 1868, Mr. Howarth qualified as a West Riding magistrate, and sat in GROVE HOUSE. 209 Petty Sessions at Bradford. He was a distant relative of the Rev. W. Howarth, who was for fifty years incumbent of All Saints' Chapel. He was educated at Fulneck, Doncaster, and Leeds Grammar Schools, and graduated at Magdalene College, Cambridge. He was ordained to the curacy of St. Lawrence's Church, Pudsey, which office he held for seven years. In 1865 he married Mary, daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Banks, and sister to Mr. James Banks, of Pudsey. As a reader and elocutionist, Mr. Howarth, it is said, " was not surpassed by anyone in the district, and his sermons were generally sound and eloquent." Mr. Howarth died at his Leeds residence, Elmwood House, on the 14th day of December, 1877, aged 58 years. In 1878 Grove House came into the possession of Mr. William Dibb Scales, a gentleman whose life, though it contains no adventures or events of an exciting nature, serves to show how high and worthy a position may be attained by steady per- severance, plodding industry, and honourable dealings. During the last forty years, Mr. Scales has been one of the most promi- nent public men in Pudsey, and has taken a large share in furthering its growth and development. He has during that long period taken a deep interest in all public matters tending to the welfare and well-being of his fellow-townsmen. He was elected first chairman of the Local Board, having previously served in many public offices connected with the township. He has been identified with every benevolent and Christian move- ment, and a large-hearted well-wisher and contributor to every good cause. His life has been marked by great thoroughness, transparency, and firmness of character, and having now retired from business, he has ample opportunity for usefulness, and also the willingness to avail him.self of it. In religion Mr. Scales is connected with the Wesleyan body, and in politics is an advanced Liberal. As to the people who lived in Pudsey in bygone days, they were a strong-minded race, and not to be " put on." Adopting their own expression, they would "fight like tigers" for an opinion, and it is said of them, that " politics, friendship, and kinship go for nothing in a question of doubtful policy." Re- finement of manners was not then a characteristic of the people, but other sterling qualities made amends for the roughness and uncouthness of their speech and actions. An amusing de- scription of an encounter with a Pudsey youth is given by the late Dr. Winter Hamilton, of Leeds.* He says : — * From Nuga Literarice^ pub. 1841, p, 292. EE 2IO HISTORY OF PUDSEY. A week had scarcely elapsed since my arrival ( in Leeds), before 1 determined on an excursion to the Moravian settlement at Fulneck. Ignorant of the way, I accosted a lad who was breaking stones by the side of the road, in a very common but unmeaning manner — " Where does this road go to ?" With a proud contempt on his face, at what he perceived to be a southern tone and an equally foolish <|uestion, he, half with the air of the churl, and half that of the rogue, exclaimed : " Go ! no where ; I have knawn it for more than ten years, and it never slurred yet." A little out of countenance, if none out of temper, I still urged my desire for information. " Whither shall I get if I drive along this road?" "To Pudsey, sure: follow thy nose, and aw's plain as a pikestaff." Thinks I to myself, — if such be the cul), what must they be who have whelped him ? If such be the eaglet, little more than callow and new ejected from the eyrie, what is the region of his sires? A preci|3itatc retreat seemed alike jjrudent and inevitable from scenes with which I had so small an affinity ; and those sharp spirits whicli peopled it, for which I was so poor a match. If, however, the people were unpoHshed, a considerable number of them were frugal and industrious, and although they might never forget their mother tongue when addressing a -Stranger, yet they were hospitable and generous to those who had any claim upon their kindness. They were earnest and con- scientious, independent and strictly honest, and though they might appear, on a first acquaintance, rough and hard to a stranger, under this apparent coarseness there was no lack of kindly feeling. A recent writer, in a notice of Ossett, says : — It has long taken rank in popular estimation v.ith Pudsey, and similar [ilaces, where artificial refinement of manners has not been deemed a characteristic, but where, at the same time, sterling good qualities have been combined with a hard and plodding industry.* Judging from what we can learn of our ancestors and their ways, we are led to the conclusion that what they lacked was education and more refined conversation, for they had mother wit enough to be able to hold their own with strangers. That the simple diet, frugal living, and naturally healthy surroundings were conducive to long life, is abundantly testified by the many instances of longevity, of which we give the follow- ing list, extracted from registers : — 1672 Old Dame Lobley, aged 99 years, buried September 19th. 1696 James Thornton, aged 102 years. 1778 Richard Anderson, sen., aged 93, buried in the Old Chapel, Dec. 9th. 1779 Mrs Margaret Marshall, widow, of Black Hey, aged 96, buried March 1st. 1779 Elizabeth, widow of Dan Farrer, Owlcoats, bur. at Calverley, March l8tli, aged 105. 1780 John Hinciiliffe, l)uried March 12th, aged 92. 1780 Frances, widow of .Samuel HinchliHe, sen., buried Nov. 19th, aged 95. 1782 Mary Routh, of Pudsey, bur. at Calverley, aged 93. 178^ Sarah, widow of James Fenton. Iniried Oct. 2nd, aged 99 years. 1785 Elizabeth, widow of John Grave, buried March 19th, aged 90. 1790 Sarah, widow of Rich. Anderson, buried January loth, aged <)i. 1790 Mary, widow of Wm. Kershaw, buried Dec. 28th, aged 96. • Banks's Walks in Yorkikire^ published 1871, p. .185. LONGEVITY. 2 1 1 1 793 Elizabeth, widow of Joseph Binns, buried Jany . 7th, aged go. '794- Joseph Wilson, buried January 6th, aged 90. 1794 Jlartha Fenton, alias Pearson, buried Dec. 26th, aged 99. 1799 Joseph Turner, late of Jumble's Well, buried Jany. 8th, aged 99. 1802 George Hainsworth, a Chelsea pensioner, buried Jany. 27th, aged 89. 1805 Joseph HoUiday, buried Sept. 27th, aged 91. 1810 Mary, widow of Boocock, of Lowtown, buried Sept. 7th, aged 98. 1810 Jane, widow of Richard Farrer, buried Dec. 22nd, aged 99. 1810 Aaron Ackroyd, buried Nov. i8th, aged 92. 1812 Mr. Joseph Drake, late Chapel Clark (Old Chapel), and Schoolmaster, buried Sept 29th, aged 87. 1814 Edward Hinchlifife, aged 91. 1816 Mrs. Susannah Holdsworth, aged 95. She was mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother to upwards of 100 persons. 1801 Joshua Gaunt, of Pudsey, bur. at Calverley, January 21st, aged 92. 1807 M.iry Hodgson, of Owlcoals, bur. at Calverley, May 31st, aged 91. 1810 Betty Armistead, bur. at Independent Chapel, .Sep. 15th, aged 91. 1829 George Poole, Esq., of the Height, Pudsey, aged 99. 1831 Ellen, widow cf Joseph Northrop, of Lowtown, bur. June iSth, aged 93. 1839 Mrs. .Susannah Holmes, aged 92 years, died July 9th. 1840 Kobert Bywater, of Chapeltown, Pudsey, died Nov. 8th, aged 91. 1841 Mrs. Farrer, mother of the late John Farrer, Esq., J.P., died March 17th, aged go. 1841 Mrs. Elizabeth Haste, died August 17th, aged 90. 1842 Jeremiah Watson, sexton. Independent Chapel, aged 92. 1844 Mary, widow of Mr. Thomas Walker, aged 89. 1845 .Samuel Ingham, in his 90th year, died Eeby. 19th. 1847 Nancy, widow of Samuel Farrer, died Oct. 13th, aged 89. 1855 Benjamin Farrer, in his 92nd year, died August 29th. X857 Hannah, relict of Jeremiah Watson, died Jan. 15th, aged 93. 1857 Hannah, wife of John Barraclough, died March 12th, aged 93. 1859 Tobias Farrer, of Lowtown, died Dec. 31st, aged 92. 1861 Mrs. Ann Schofield, died July 20th. aged 92, leaving behind her 5 children, 35 grand-children, 61 great grand-children, and seven great great grand- children—total, 108. 1863 Matthew Ingham, firmer, died May 9th, aged 91. 1874 Mrs. Sarah Banks, Chapeltown, died Oct. 26th, aged 93. 1874 Joseph Roberts, died 8th of December, aged 90 years. 1876 Mary, relict of old Jim Berry, died Oct. i8th, aged 94. 1876 Joseph Webster, in his 95th year, born at Morley, died June 22nd. 1879 Mrs. McCollah, died June 5th, aged qo years. 1880 Hannah, widow of James Waterhouse, died Dec. 28th, aged 93. 1882 Sarah, widow of late Joseph Varley, Lowtown, died May, 18, aged 92. 1884 Eleanor, widow of Joseph Koberts, died Dec. 27, aged 93. 1885 Joseph Appleby Bateson, died March l8th, aged 94. 1885 I'^lizabeth, widow of Wm. Lupton, died May 27th, aged 93. 1885 Martha Smith, buried May 29th, aged 92. 1885 Thomas Johnson, died October 8th, aged 89. 1880 Hannah, widow of John Walton, died January l6th, aged 90. Pudsey like many of it.s neighbours, had a somewhat unenviable reputation in bygone days, in the matter of drunken- ness. Fighting too, was not uncommon, a century ago, more especially at holiday and feast times. The former vice led to the latter, and it was not at all a rare sight, to see men stripped to the waist, fighting for a great length of time, until one of the 212 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. combatants was completely beaten. Dog battles were a favourite form of amusement, as also, cock-fighting, game cocks being trained to fight with steel heels put on. That much allowance needs to be made for the indulgence in these coarse amusements, •we do not deny. The drinking habits of the people were the ■outcome of the customs of centuries, and especially of the old- time modes of " treating," and giving drink as part of wages. From the middle of the last century until a comparatively recent period, the drinking customs of society have kept their sway over each successive generation of our people ; but efforts have been made, from time to time, to check the evil, and in 1833 the first " Temperance Society " in Pudsey was formed, and for a time did much for the moral and intellectual advancement of the village, but, having relaxed its efforts, the society was re-modelled in 1853, when the crusade against intemperance was carried on with much vigour and persistency, and with a considerable amount ■of success. In 1880, the "Pudsey and District Band of Hope Union" was formed, with Mr. Matthew Walker as president, and in 1883, the membership numbered 1,000, whilst in 1886, there were sixteen Bands of Hope connected with the Union, having a membership of 2,801, 716 of whom were over twenty-one years of age. Other agencies for the improvement of the condition of the inhabitants, and for the more rational enjoyment of their leisure, were started from time to time. In 1857, the "Early Closing Association" was formed, with the Rev. H. J. Graham as president. The scheme came into operation on Sep. 14th, and the hours of closing were, for the first four days of the week, at 8 o'clock ; Friday, 9 o'clock ; and Saturday at 1 1 o'clock. The number of members was 60. A half-holiday on Wednesday afternoon in each week, has now been in operation for some years. In 1857, the" Pudsey Floral and Horticultural Society"was instituted, and held its first exhibition on the 28th day of September, when a large and respectable collection of plants, etc., was shown, and the undertaking was a pecuniary success. Mr. H. C. Smith was the first president. For many years the society enjoyed a career of great usefulness, having induced amongst the resident cottagers a spirit of emulation and pride, and their little garden plots began to occupy the leisure time, which was pre- viously used unprofitably, if not perniciously. Much of the success of the society was due to the exertions of Mr. Smith, Mr. George Hinings, and Mr. E. Sewell, the secretary. FRIENDLY SOCIETIES. 2X3 The number of Friendly Societies in Pudsey is very large, there being between thirty and forty lodges or clubs, having an aggregate membership of nearly 3,000 persons. In addition to these, the amounts paid into the building societies of Leeds and Bradford represent a large sum. The various orders of Odd- fellows, Foresters, Rechabites, and similar societies, cannot in Pudsey date their origin earlier than the year 1823, but since that year they have increased rapidly, and have become so popular that there are few working men who do not belong to some one or other of them. Judging from the number of members, one would be led to conclude that a very large portion of the working classes in Pudsey are men of provi- dent habits, who make provision in case of sickness or casualties, so as to place themselves independent of the workhouse or parish relief During the last twenty-five years, Pudse}' has borne a conspicuous part in furthering the co-operative movement. The Leeds Industrial Co-operative Society first commenced business here in i860, the first year's turnover amounting to ;^2,923, and the profit to £S3. In 1871, the foundation stone of a large new store was laid at Pudsey, an eligible site having been secured at the junction of Manor Street with the main road at the top of Lowtown. The building comprises spacious shops, in which are carried on the grocery and drapery trades. There are also two dwelling houses, and, over the whole, a large room for the use of the committee and shareholders at their meetings. The erection is in the Italian style of architecture, from designs by Messrs. Wilson and Bailey, architects, of Leeds. The foundation stone was laid by Mr. William Bell, president of the Leeds Society. The number of members connected with the branch of the Leeds Society is about 300, and the amount of their purchases in con- nection with the store at Lowtown for year ending December, 1886, was ;^iO,l 1 1 i6s. 5d., and the profit realised thereon, £9^0. The total amount of business done at the store from its com- mencement in i860, to December, 1886, is ;^i84,8s7, and the total profit, j^i 2,725. In addition to this store, the Society has a branch at Green- side, Pudsey, which was commenced in 1874, and another at Littlemoor, commenced in 1879. The whole Society, the operations of which cover a large area, numbered at the end of 1886, 23,985 members, with an annual turnover amounting to ;£^48 1,220, with a net profit of ;^54,737, having a share capital of ;£25 1,235. CO-OPERATION IN I'UDSEY. 21 5 In 1871, the first Co-operative Mill in Pudsey was started, under the title of the " Pudsey Worsted Mill Company, Limited." The first stone of the mill was laid by one of the directors, Mr. James Newell, on the 14th day of July, in the presence of a large assembly, when an address on the advantages of co-operation was delivered by Mr. Bell, of Leeds. The cost of the erection was upwards of £6,000, and it was built from designs by Mr. John Haton, of Pudsey. Nearly 2,ooo shares at £2 each were taken up, principally by working men. The site of the mill is near to the Greenside Station of the branch railway from Stanningley. The means of communication, in Pudsey itself, as well as with other towns was, until a comparatively recent period, of a very unsatisfactory kind. The roads were of the most primitive character, chiefly footpaths, leading from one part of the village to another, and to the markets at Leeds and Bradford. No macadamising, no paving, no draining, no side walks worthy of the name, and the roads generally both dangerous and difficult to travel. On dark nights, lanterns, pattens, and sticks, were indispensable to avoid accidents, and ensure a measure of safety in plodding along the knife-edged footpaths, and almost im- passable streets. Since the formation of the Local Board, a great improvement has been effected in the management of the highways, and Pudsey, in this respect, will compare favourably with neighbouring towns. For a quarter of a century Pudsey was dependent upon Stanningley for its railway accommodation, and it was not until 1870, that steps were taken to remedy this great inconvenience, arising from Stanningley Station being too distant to meet the growing requirements of a populous manufacturing town like Pudsey. A local committee was formed to wait upon the directors of the London and North-Western Railway Company, with the view of inducing them to continue their line from Lower Wortlcy and Farnley to Bradford, vid Pudsey. The deputation went to Euston Station, met the directors, and stated their case. After due consideration, the Companj- came to the conclusion that on account of the difficulties of cro.ssing the Tong Valley, and obtaining a station in Bradford, they could not accede to the application. The Committee subsequently went, on the same errand, to the head-quarters of the Lancashire and York- shire Railway Company, at Manchester. Their application was favourably received, and instructions were given that the district should be surveyed. This was being done, when, in 1 871, the 2l6 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Great Northern Railway Company obtained powers in Parlia- ment to construct a railway to Pudsey, branching from their Leeds and Bradford line. Negotiations were commenced with some thirty-two owners of property, and the line was marked out. The ceremony of cutting the first sod took place on March 24, 1875, in a field near to Priestley Mills. Mr. John Butler turned the first sod ; Joseph Elsworth and Joseph Emsley, two old inhabitants of Pudsey, also taking part. The railway is two and a quarter miles long. Commencing behind the station at Stanningley, a line of rails is laid alongside the main line for a distance of some 600 yards in the direction of Bramley. The line then breaks off to the right, and is joined by a fork from Bramley, near Dyeholes Well, in a field opposite the Priestley Mills, which stand a little to the left of the line. This fork is 850 yards long. It leaves the main line about 150 yards on the down side of Bramley Station, and joins the Stanningley fork at a point 1,000 yards from Stanningley Station. The line from the Bramley end to some distance above the junction, runs on a heavy embankment. The Stanningley fork leaves the main line in a cutting 100 yards long, and then the level is raised until the junction is reached. The railway from this junction follows the direction of the Bramley fork, sweeping gradually to the left until it reaches Pudsey main street, a little above the Allanbrig Mill. In order to bring the line underneath the road, a cutting had to be made 730 yards long, and 32ft. in its deepest part, extending from a short distance above the fork to about 100 yards on the other side of the road, where Lowtown Station is erected. The site of the station is on the lower side of the line. The land purchased by the Company at this place for station purposes — some four or five acres in extent — comprises a portion of the field in which for many years the Pudsey feasts were held, and where, in times gone by, the lovers of bull-baiting used to witness their favourite sport. The cutting is through shale and a hard " bastard " rock, and the work was mainly carried on by means of blasting. After leaving the station, the line curves considerably to the right, and passing to the left of Crawshaw Mill is carried underneath Robin Lane, opposite Crawshaw House. Radcliffe Lane is crossed in a similar manner, near its junction with Robin Lane. The line then passes through a number of fields between Chapeltown and the top of Fartown, until its terminus is reached in a piece of vacant ground near Cliffe Mill, Greenside. ,. RAILWAY ACCOMMODATION. 21/ There are several substantial bridges on the railway, among which may be mentioned that carrying the line over Swinnow Lane, another (a three-arch bridge) over Boggard Lane, near the Allanbrig Mill reservoir ; a third supporting the main street ; an arched way under the line at Hammerton Fields ; and two iron- girder bridges which carry Robin and Radcliffe Lanes. The Main Street bridge is 68ft. long and 43ft. wide, and consists of an iron-girder span, 26ft. across, supported by two massive stone abutments. The height is 15ft. from the level of the rails. There is only one line of rails, but the bridges have been constructed so as to carry a double line, and the Company have also purchased the land necessary for that purpose. The total rise from the Bramley Junction to Greenside is nearly 149ft., so that somewhat heavy gradients predominate. The steepest ascents are 1 in 50, and the easiest i in 108. Messrs. N. B. Fogg and Co., railway contractors, Liverpool, constructed the line. Mr. John Fraser, C.E., Leeds, was the chief engineer ; and Mr. Charles Robinson, C.E., Leeds, the resident engineer. Mr. John Butler, of the Stanningley Iron- works, supplied the ironwork for the bridges, and the stone was procured from the Park Spring Quarries, near Bramley. The cost of the line was iJ^ioj.ooo. It was opened for passenger traffic on the ist of April, 1878, amidst much enthusiasm on the part of the townspeople. From early morn to late at night the famous Pudsey bells rang out merry peals, while the Pudsey band paraded the streets during a great portion of the day. There was no recognised holiday, except so far as Saint Mon- day is recognised, but the aggregate result of the day's working would probably show that machineiy might as well have been allowed a rest. As might be expected, the inclination to take a ride on the first day of opening w^as irresistible, if only that so extraordinary an event might be handed down to posterity ; but apart from that, the delights of a railway ride might, to not a few natives, have been a real pleasure, for it is affirmed that scores spent most of their time in riding backwards and forwards throughout the day. However that may be, it was found at the close of the day that 450 single tickets, and over 400 returns, had been issued between Pudsey and Stanningley Stations, and nearly 500 tickets giving transmission from Stanningley to Pudsey. FF pCTMpP^ 11 IP^^ I^^Kcf^y ^^^ l^Sllfeii^^ M W^S^ LITERARY AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. HOUGH we may be a long way from being-' in educa- tional matters what we ought to be, yet we can stand the test when compared with nriost other places. We_ ^^^'^^ can speak with confidence of the provision made in ^&^ Pudsey for educating the young during the last ^ century, as being equal, if not superior, to that of many ^ other villages in the district. An educational census has not been taken by the Government since i85i,but at that time the general returns proved that there was one day scholar for every 8^ of the population in England, while in Pudsey there were at that time 28 schools, with 1,454 scholars, or one in every eight of the population ; and there were only 1 16 scholars absent on the day when the census was taken. Adding the scholars in attendance at the Mecharzjcs' Institute and other kindred societies, there was one in every seven receiving instruc- tion in Pudsey. From returns collecte .( privately in 1858, similar results were obtained. The old Town's School at Littlcnioor .vas probably rebuilt about the beginning of the century. Over the door there is an inscription .stating that This school was repaired by the town in the year of Our Lord 1814. W. Stone, W. Greaves, Overseers ; G. Beaumont, J. Drake, chapel-wardens. Some of the schools in existence fifty years ago, or more, were of a superior class to village schools generally, as, for instance, the Fulneck Boarding Schools.established in i753,where the branches of learning taught included Latin and Greek, modern languages, o-eometry, and other branches of mathematics, drawing, painting, SCHOOL BOARD. 219 etc. ; the Commercial School, Fulneck, established about 1770, where the higher branches of education were taught. A school at Fartown was established in 1845, and education was given here to the factory workers, and the branches of learning taught included " Holy Scripture and Catechism, reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, grammar, dictation, and the science of common things." The " Pudsey Schools " were established in 1843, and the education given was of a high character, whilst at the Training School, Greenside, started in 1853, the education included mensuration, geometry, algebra, mapping, and drawing. In 1855, Pudsey, in addition to the public schools already men- tioned, had fifteen private schools, with 500 scholars. When Mr. Forster's Education measure became law, there was no attempt in Pudsey for several years to take advantage of the proffered boon, until, in 1874, the Education Department sent a notice to the town's authorities, requesting them to supply the school deficiency which had been found to exist. Nothing was done, however, until a second and final notice was received from the Department, calling attention to the deficiency of school accommodation existing in the township, and requiring that steps be taken during the next six months to supply the deficiency. If, at the end of that time, steps had not been taken to supply the necessary accommodation, then the compulsory powers of the Education Act would be used to supply the deficiency. Accompanying the notice were schedules, the first showing the accommodation then existing, as follows : — Fulneck Infant School, 155; P^artown National, 190; Lowtown National, 228 ; Congregational, Greenside, 270 ; Primitive Methodist, Rickardshaw, 192 ; total, 1,035. In this schedule no account was taken of the private adventure schools, of which there were several. Schedule 2 gave the amount and description of accommodation required : — Littlemoor, 200 ; Lowtown, 500 ; Marsh, 200; Tyersal, 300 ; Stanningley 250, including 120 children from the township of Calverley-with-Farsley. In December, 1874, preparations for the election of a School Board were commenced, to consist of seven members. Eight gentlemen were proposed, but one of them withdrew, and thus a contest was avoided. The first Board consisted of the following persons : — Messrs. James Banks, William Maude, Samuel Wade, George Hinings, J. G. Mills, Robert Dalby, and James Brook, At the first meeting of the Board, held on January 28th, 1875, Mr. George Hinings was elected chairman, and Mr. Robert Dalby, vice-chairman, with Mr. James Brook as clerk /w tern. 220 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. The first work of the Board was to make provision for sufficient school accommodation. After taking a census of the children in the district, and making other full and exhaustive inquiries respecting educational requirements, it was decided to build new schools at Rickardshaw Lane and Laisterdyke — the former to accommodate 600 children, at a cost for site, building, and fittings, of £6,yoo ; the latter to accommodate 450 children, at a cost of ;£^4,700. The latter has since been incorporated in the borough of Bradford. While these schools were being built, the Greenside and Crimbles Schools were taken under the Board's management. These vvere followed by the Lowtown National and the Primrose Hill Schools. Three new schools have been built by the ]5oard since its formation, at a cost of ;^I4,200. At none of the five elections of the Board has there been a contest, and Mr. George Hinings ably filled the office of (Chairman of the Board during the existence of the first four Boards, declining at the last election to act in that capacity, on account of advancing age and infirmity. The following gentlemen have filled the post of vice- chairman : — Messrs. R. Dalby, James Banks, Simeon Rayner, and D. Moseley. The present members of the Board are : — Messrs. James Stillings (chairman), D. Moseley (vice-chairman), George Hinings, J. E.Jones, and Revs. R. B. Thompson, M. C. Bickersteth, and D. A. Henderson. Mr. G. Haynes is clerk to the Board, also .superintendent and inspector of schools ; and Mr. S. Lobley is the school attendance officer. The staff con- sists of 13 teachers, 10 assistants, and 37 pupil teachers and candidates ; total, 60. The following is a list of the .schools, with the accommoda- tion provided and numbers on the registers : — Name. Accommodation. No. on Registers. Rickardshaw Lane Three Departments 600 653 Greenside Mixed and Infants 400 334 Chapeltown Junior Mixed 280 208 Crimljles Girls and Infants... 300 240 Primrose Hill ... Mixed 200 173 Lowtown Boys 200 140 Stanningley Infants 180 90 Littlemoor Infants 200 no Waterloo Infants 200 80 2,560 2,028 SCHOOL BOARD. 22r The following table will indicate the progress of the schools since the formation of the Board : — Year. 1876 School Fees Received. Government Grants. ;^ 79 3 2 1877 246 II 3 £^80 7 1878 526 10 5 402 8 1879 599 u 10 687 1880 775 IS " 794 5 «i i88i 853 4 3 969 7 5 1882 823 10 2 1,045 17 7 1883 765 10 I 976 IS 8 1884 846 II 6 1,015 12 5 1885 86? 18 9 9-4 II 1886 881 9 II 1,277 13 6 In 1885, the date of examination of some of the schools was altered, throwing some of the grants into the following year. In 1882, the Laisterdyke School, with 400 children, was transferred to the Bradford School Board. It will thus be seen that, except by the loss of the school at Laisterdyke, progress has been continuous. Notwithstanding this, there are now 2,028 children on the registers of the schools. The whole work of the Board has been accomplished at a cost to the ratepayers on the average of less than sixpence in the pound. The educational results in the schools improve from year to year, and according to the testimony of the late Head Inspector, the advance at Pudsey is more marked than in any other part of the Northern district. Regularity in attendance, though still defective, is also improving. The rise ' and progress of the Sunday School movement in Pudsey is an interesting feature in the history of the place, and for the brief account of it we give here, we are indebted to an excellent pamphlet, published about sixteen years ago.* The first attempt made to commence a Sunday School on the voluntary system, took place in the year 1 807, a year memorable for the abolition of the slave trade. The originator of the move- ment in Pudsey was a working man, who was too poor to build a .school or defray the rent of a separate building, but he was determined to do something, and he therefore commenced a Sunday School in his own house, in Driver's Fold, Fartown. To William Boyes belongs the distinguished honour of introducing * History of the Rise and Progress of Sunday Schools in Pudsey and its vicinity, by John Boves. 222 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. into his native town the inestimable boon of Sunday Schools. After a while this school became too large for the accommodation that could be offered by a dwelling-house, and it was conse- quently removed by general consent to the Town's School, Littlemoor, where it was for some years conducted. In the course of time, as other schools began to be opened in connection with the various places of worship, this school became appropriated by the church-people as their school. During the time this school was held at Littlemoor, the late Abraham Hainsworth took an active part in its management, and Mrs. Ratcliffe (sister to the first Dr. Hey), also entered warmly into the work of teaching. After being held for a number of years in the Littlemoor School, it was removed when the Ratcliffe Lane School was built. About the same time that a Sunday School was begun in Fartown, another Sunday School was commenced in the house of John Sugden, who then lived in a cottage adjoining the site on which AUanbrig Mill was subsequently erected. This John Sugden is supposed to have been a cotton weaver at the time, and very likely had several looms in the house. At all events, one loom was pulled down every Saturday night, to make room for the scholars on the succeeding day ; and as there were more children than the benches could accommodate, the younger part had to sit on the floor. This school rapidly increased in numbers, so that shortly after, as we are informed, John Sugden sold one of his looms, in order that he might make provision for the Sunday School. The next Sunday School commenced in Pudsey was the Moravian School, Fulneck, which was established in 1813, and has been continued without interruption to the present time. One of the most active persons in connection with this school in its early years was the late Joshua Sutcliffe, sen. Zion School (Methodist New Connexion) was begun about the year 18 19, in a chamber at the lower part of Fartown. When the chapel was erected in 1825, the .school was removed also, and continued to be held in the chapel until the year 1840, when it was removed to a large chamber behind the chapel. It was held in that room until the erection of the present school-room, in the year 1853. The next Sunday School formed in Pudsey was the Upper School, Lowtown, in the year 1826, and was carried on in this upper room for twenty-six years, until the present new school was built in the year 1853. This large and commodious edifice mechanics' institution. 223 was erected for the two-fold purpose of a Sunday School and to accommodate public meetings on subjects of general importance. The Littlemoor Wesleyan was formed more than 40 years ago, and after a successful career in that locality has been re- moved into a new school underneath their handsome new chapel. The Gibraltar Wesleyan School was also formed nearly 40 years ago, and was first held in an old chamber belonging to the Gibraltar Mill, and was afterwards removed to the chapel, erected in the year 1840, at Waterloo. The Primitive Methodist School, Lowtown, Pudsey, was commenced in the year 1839, the year when their chapel was opened, and is now held in the commodious school adjoining the chapel. The Wesleyan Association commenced a school in Low- town in the year 1850, which has been continued up to the present time, and is now a part of the Sunday School Union, under the name of the United Methodist Free Church. Sixty years ago there were five Sunday Schools in Pudsey, and at the present time the number has increased to 22. A Sunday School Union was established in 1868, and is still in existence as the " Pudsey and District Sunday School Union." It comprises 17 schools, with 360 male and 280 female teachers — total 640. Scholars : males, 1,555 ! females, i ,779 ; total, 3,364. Teachers who have been scholars, 633 ; number of classes in the schools, 244 ; scholars in select classes, 827 ; in infant classes, 610. Number of volumes in the libraries, 4,000. In addition to the Day and Sunday Schools, other agencies for the spread of education have been in existence in the town- ship, and some of these have exerted a very marked influence for good on the inhabitants generally. The Pudsey Mechanics' Institution was founded in the year 1847, by a few young men who were desirous of improving their leisure time. One or two rooms were first taken at Greenside, the members then numbering less than twenty. In a very short period the Institute was removed to a room opposite the New Inn, Church Lane, occupied for some time, we believe, in the day time by the late Mr. Colefax, as a day-school. While located here rules and regulations were formed, and the number of members increased to thirty, but yet the place met with little public recognition and support, until in December, 1847, a determined effort was made by the members to bring their Institution more prominently before the notice of the public. Accordingly an exhibition was got up, which remained open for I'udsey Mccnanics' institution. mechanics' institution. 225 a month, at a low charge for admission, and this had the effect of attracting a fair degree of notice and patronage. As the result of the " exhibition " a small surplus of money was left, and the number of members increased to 120, so that the " exhibition " may be said to have been a really happy thought on the part of its promoters. But on the occasion of the first public soiree, in June, 1848, held in the Primitive Methodist Chapel, the number of members had gone down to 70. Yet the Institute prospered, and the membership again slowly increased, until in November, 1849, it was found necessary to move to larger premises, a little lower down Church Lane, now known as the " Butchers' Arms." For fourteen or fifteen years the work of the Institute was carried on here with varying success, the number of members increasing to 200. Much good was done here in the classes for imparting elementary and secondary knowledge, many youths receiving in these classes the larger part of their education. For some reason or other, however, the interest in the Institution appeared eventually to flag, when it was known that the property had changed hands, and the committee had received " notice to quit." A meeting of the committee was held under these unpromising circumstances, and the dissolution of the Institution was freely discussed, and all but decided upon. At this critical moment a gentleman connected with the place — Mr. George Hinings — came into the meeting, and, learning what was about to be done, raised his voice against the proposition, and eventually sought out other premises in Hammerton Field, and took the responsibility of the tenancy upon himself Thus the threatened dissolution was narrowly averted. But the affairs of the Institution did not thrive in Hammerton Field ; it was too much " out of sight and out of mind," and the membership again dwindled down rapidly. After a short stay here, that had nearly proved fatal to its existence, despite the efforts and support of several of its original and warmest friends, the committee took a house in Manor House street, and made another effort to rouse the dormant interest in the welfare of the Mechanics' Institute, and with such success* that in about a year and a half another change had to be made, in order to find accommodation for the rapidly increasing number of members. The committee rented a house near the present Institute, and ultimately purchased the building, together with some adjoining property, and, notwithstanding the increased accommodation, it was fouhd necessary in 1877 to take steps to GG 226 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. obtain a new building, and in 1878, the most successful bazaar ever held in Pudsey, contributed over ;^ 1,200 towards a new Institute. The site was purchased for ;£ 1,600, and the memorial stone was laid on October 6th, 1879, by Mr. W. D. Scales, of Grove House. The following is a description of the building, which occupies a most central position at the top of Lowtown, having a south westerly front to Waver Green, and a north front to Lowtown road and forms with the adjoining Co-operative stores, a handsome and imposing block of buildings. The Gothic style of architecture has been adopted, and one of the principal features of the building is a square tower at the angle of the two streets above mentioned, having a slated spire, which rises to a height of no feet, and is surmounted by an ornamental iron finial and vane. In the base of this tower, at the side next Lowtown road, is the principal entrance to the building, the door- way being deeply recessed, and having an arched and moulded head. From the level of the principal entrance short flights of steps lead upwards on to the ground floor (which is raised about 6 feet above the street line), and downwards to the basement, and the steps are so arranged that the rooms on the basement may be let off", or used without interfering in any way with the upper floors. The accommodation on the basement floor is as follows : — a large room, intended to be used for tea-parties or similar gatherings, with kitchen, scullery and store-room adjoining; and also four class-rooms, and a lavatory, etc. These rooms are all of ample size and well-lighted. On the ground floor are a news-room, 34 feet by 24 feet, a library, 24 feet by 16 feet, a conversation room 29 feet by 16 feet, a committee room, two class-rooms, a lavatory and a secretary's room. A handsome stone staircase, the steps of which are 5 feet wide, leads upwards to the first floor, upon which is situated the public hall, 56 feet by 40 feet. It is 32 feet high from floor to ceiling, and has galleries round three sides, which are entered from the second floor level. It will accommodate an audience of 600 persons. Adjoining the public hall are two ante-rooms, with lavatories, etc. for the use of those engaging the hall. There is also upon this floor a science lecture theatre, seated in raised stages, and capable of accommodating 120 students. Upon the second floor, over the science lecture theatre, are spacious rooms, lighted from both roof and sides, to be used by the art classes connected with the Institute. The building is heated throughout by means of hot- water pipes, and special attention has been paid to the lighting and ventilating arrangements. The two principal fronts have LITERARY UNION. 2^7 been faced with " pitch-faced " wall stones of excellent quality, obtained from quarries in the immediate neighbourhood, and all the windows have ashlar dressings. Most of the windows are of tinted cathedral glass, except those to the upper storey. The works were carried out under the superintendence of the archi- tects, Messrs. Hope and Jardine of Bradford, whose plans were selected in open competition. The total cost of the structure, with fittings, was ^^6,305, of which 3,000 remains to be paid. The opening ceremony took place on November loth, 1880, and was performed by Herbert J. Gladstone, Esq., M.P. In 1885, the number of members was 596 ; volumes in the library, 1,300. A Literary Union was established in 1854, at Fulneck, the number of members being limited to 24, and monthly meetings are held, at which papers are read by the members on historical, scientific, or literary subjects. Other societies exist in connection with the various religious and political organizations, at which questions of public importance are discussed, essays are read, and lectures are occasionally delivered. We may mention, the Church Institute, the Congregational Young Men's Improvement Society, the Wesleyan Young Men's Improvement Society, and the Unitarian Young Men's Improvement Society. The classes, libraries, lectures, etc., have an important influence in forming the habits and characters of the young persons who are members. Amongst other educational agencies, Pudsey has its local newspapers ; the Piidsey Neivs and the Pudsey and District Advertiser. The News was established in 1872 by Mr. T. Stillings, and is published by him, with Mr. John Middlebrook as its able editor. The paper is issued weekly, on the Friday, and contains accurate and well digested reports of all local matters, notes and correspondence on affairs of interest to the public of the neigh- bourhood ; also, a large amount of varied news, and a serial story of general interest. The price is one half-penny. The Pudsey and District Advertiser was established in 1875, by Mr. J. W. Birdsall, Staningley. It is published on the Friday, at one half- penny. It gives reports of all matters of interest connected with the town and district, together with serial tales of domestic interest, and original articles and notes on imperial and local subjects, railway time tables, etc. MANUFACTURES. HE inhabitants of Pudsey and neighbourhood have long been engaged in the manufacture of woollen cloth. During the last century the art of manufacture was in a rude state; the various processes of scribbling, carding, etc., were all done by hand in a very tedious manner, and the warp and weft were spun, one thread at a time, on what we now term a bobbin-wheel, and the weaving of the cloth required two persons to each loom. Mr. J. L. Gaunt informs me that he had heard his grand- father, Jos. Gaunt, say that the practice of weaving two on one loom was just going out of date when he commenced working, which would be about i Tj'i, as he was then 1 3 years of age. He said he remembered having seen them weaving two on a loom in the old house at the top of Chapeltown, pulled down in 1885, occupied by George Moss, behind the Commercial Hotel. He said he used to go with cloth to be milled to Shipley, and would generally start off on Friday afternoon and would be returning home with the cloth on Sunday morning, when people were going to worship at the old Bell Chapel, or the Nonconformist Meeting house, top of Chapeltown. He used to card wool by hand, and ,the first scribblers that he remembered were at Esholt* The cloth when made was conveyed to Leeds by pack-horses, though, I believe, sometimes by the men themselves. There it was exposed for sale, formerly upon Leeds Bridge, where the manufacturers held their market until 1684, when it was removed * For an exhaustive account of the primitive methods of cloth manufacture, see Lawson's Progress in Fudsey, pp. 20-38, and 83-93. THE CLOTH MANUFACTURE. 229 into Briggate, where it continued to be held until 171 1. The Coloured Cloth Hall was erected in 1758. In process of time " spinning jennies " were introduced, which were of a somewhat rude construction. An anecdote is told of one old man named Will Sugden, who went to see a neighbour, who had just got a new "jenny" with fifty spindles. On seeing the machine, the old fellow exclaimed " eh, lad ! hah-ivver dus' ta see 'em all? I've nobbut twenty-four threeds an' I let five on 'em lake." The introduction of scribblers, carders, and billies gradually took place during the latter half of the last century, and the in- troduction of these new machines was looked upon with anything but a favourr.ble spirit ; indeed, on some occasions sheetings of cardings and slubbings were met on the road and torn to pieces. These machines were worked by horse power in Pudsey. The horse turned a " gin " similar to those used at our stone quarries for raising stone. There were seven of those little mills turned by horse power in Pudsey, at the close of the last century, viz.: — Ingham's, at Hill Foot ; Bickerdike's, at Grccnside ; Craven's, at Bankhouse ; Lumby's, at Littlemoor ; Edward Farrar's, in Church Lane ; Matthew Dufton's, top of Lowtown ; and Matthew Whitfield's, at Delph Hill. The cloth to be fulled or milled was taken to Cockersdale, Shipley, Esholt, Harewood, or Arthington. At each of these places were " fulling-stocks " turned by water power. Very amusing stories are told in illustration of the in- experience and mismanagement of the workmen engaged in this department.* On one occasion a clothier's man was sent with a piece of cloth to " mill " and after putting the cloth into the machine, both miller and man adjourned for refreshment. Returning after a time to look at the cloth, they found it so strangely felted together in one mass that it could not be opened out, and it was eventually buried in the dung heap. The processes of dyeing and drying were also carried on in a similarly rude way, and the " lead-broth" as it was called, that is, the dye -water was suffered to run along the highways, as there were no sewers at that period, consequently the roads were in a very filthy state in this and the other manufacturing villages. In 1824 a severe panic existed in the woollen trade, and there was scarcely a cloth-loom to be heard in the village. To keep them from starving many of the people were employed in weaving cotton by hand-loom, obtaining their work from a Mr. Nutter, or Nuttall, of Bradford, whither they took their pieces on Thursdays. Mr. Joseph TordofF, of Low Moor, also put out ' See Smith's MorUy : Ancient and Modem, ^.-zf^T, VilLSO^'s NisUry e/ Brawieytpv- 43-4^- 230 HISTORY OF PUDSEY, •cotton weaving at Pudscy. The first woollen mill in Pudscy turned by steam-power was commenced towards the close of the last century at the bottom of Roker Lane, by Mr. Ellwand. The mill is known as Union Bridge Mill. It was the property of the late Mr. J. Crowther, but is now the property of Mr. Galloway. The next and most important was Gibraltar Mill, erected in i8oi-2, by Messrs. Joseph Thackrah and Fairfax Carlisle. This mill was burnt down on June 14, 181 2, and there being no other mill in the neighbourhood, the loss was con- siderable, both to owners and workpeople, as well as to the clothmakers. The mill was rebuilt by Mr. Thackrah on the best principles, and completed with all the newest improvements. Gas was introduced into this mill very early, being the first lit in the neighbourhood. Mr. Thackrah having built a large factory on the higher ground adjoining became a great contractor for army goods, and for many years employed a large number of work- people; the goods made by him being completed in all the various branches upon the premises, and exported to all parts of the world. Mr. Thackrah died in 1828. The premises were then let to Messrs. Hall and Walton, and in 1836 were pur- chased by Messrs. William Walton and Co. They are now occupied by Mr. D. Womersley and others. The mill has been twice enlarged. Varley's old mill, at Stanningley, was erected in 18 16, and the new one in 1837, the firm being composed until recently of Messrs. William and Samuel Varley. This firm have frequently 1,000 workpeople in their employ. The Smalewell Mill was commenced about 1821, and rebuilt in 1844-5. It became the property of Messrs. William and Jonathan Clarkson in 1854, and has recently been purchased by Mr. Reuben Gaunt, the present owner. Albion mill was erected in 1822, and has since been enlarged. The name of the firm is The Pudsey Albion Mill Co., Ltd., Waterloo Mill ; erected in 1825, received an addition in 1852; and since then anew mill has been added, the first stone of which was laid in July, 1857, by Mr. Jonas Bate- man and Mr. William Carr, two of the senior partners of the firm. The company trade under the name of James Blackburn and Co. The following names of mills, with the dates of their ■erection, complete the list :-^Union Mill (Mr. Matthew Walker), erected in 1825, and enlarged in 1855. Allanbrig Mill (Messrs. Salter and Salter), erected 1830; enlarged since. Crawshaw Mill, erected 1831 ; enlarged 1857 ; now wholly worsted. Priest- ley Mill (William Elsworth and Co.), erected 1834, and since THE CLOTH MANUFACTURE. 231 enlarged (now the property of The Priestley Mill Co.) Fartown Mill (Claughton Garth Mill Co.), erected 1837 ; enlarged i860, burnt down in 1879, and afterwards purchased and rebuilt by Mr. James Banks, the present owner and occupier. Cliff Mill (Farrer, Sharp, and Co.), erected 1837 ; since enlarged. Bank- house Mill (worsted) ; unoccupied. With the exception of Bankhouse Mill and Messrs. Varley's Mill, at Stanningley, all the above are woollen mills, built by companies on the joint- stock principle. Messrs. B. Crosland and Son, of Valley Bottom, and Messrs. W. and T. Huggan, of Swinnow Grange, are Pudsey firms, but their works are not within the township. It is only within the last 20 years that the worsted business has become fairly established at Pudsey. In 1867, Messrs. Cooper Brothers erected Valley Mill, and since that time their . works have been doubled in extent. Brick Mill (woollen), Mr. Robert Spencer's, was erected in 1868; Brunswick Shed (worsted), Messrs. James Smith and Co.'s, erected in 1869 ; Prospect Mill (woollen), occupied by Mr. W. C. Forrest, erected in 1870, and since enlarged ; Grange-field Mill, Mr. Isaac Gaunt's (worsted), erected in 1871 ; and a new portion has just been added for the woollen trade. New Shed, Pudsey Worsted Mill Co., Limited, erected in 1872, has now been doubled in size to hold 840 looms. It is at present occupied by Messrs. Midgley and Mills, Messrs. James Smith and Co., Messrs. Turton and Mitchell, and Mr. Thomas Jowett. Messrs. S. A. Jones and Co., woolcombers, worsted spinners and manufacturers, commenced extensive works named South Park Mills in 1874, enlargements of which arc still in progress. To the above list must also be added New Lane Mills, Tyersal, erected in 1873, by Messrs. W. and J. Whitehead, worsted spinners and manufacturers ; Wellington Works, erected by Messrs. Pickard and Son, and occupied by Mr. Joseph Jowett, manufacturer ; and Mr. P. Harrop's wool- combing shed. We are not able to state the exact number of persons now employed in the woollen trade in Pudsey ; but, including the whole township, the number employed in that of worsted is close upon 4,000. Since the introduction of the worsted trade, the woollen business has been left behind in the race by its more vigorous rival, all the manufactories, with one or two exceptions, erected during the last twenty years having been built for the worsted trade. The old clothiers, who were generally small farmers as well, have become well-nigh extinct, but they are held in grateful 232 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. remembrance by those who remember their many good qualities. Industrious and frugal in their habits, they were generally counted men of integrity and honour, and in their dual capacity of trades- men and farmers possessed advantages which might well be envied by the present generation. There are still many small clothiers in and around Pudsey, and a few " wool extractors " dealers in " fudd," flocks, and mungo — substances which are immediately connected with the trade. There are also several engineers' and machinists' works. A goodly number of persons find employment in the leather trade ; the principal firms engaged in this business being Messrs. Wm. Haste, Hough End ; Thomas Goodall, Alma Tannery, Bramley ; and Edward Tetley, Fartown. The boot and shoe trades have also assumed dimensions of no small importance, and the works of Messrs. Scales and Sons, and Messrs. Salter and Salter employ many hundreds of persons. Pudsey is also largely engaged in the stone trade. The Upper Moor quarries have been worked, it is said, for hundreds of years. The buildings of the Moravian Establishment, at Fulncck, were erected with stone from these quarries. Formerly they were worked by one Stockdale, and afterwards by Thomas Farrer and his trustees, who exported the hard " nell " stone to foreign countries. About a quarter of a century ago, Messrs. W. Pickard and Son entered upon and still work them. The other stone quarrying firms of Pudsey are Messrs, Wm. Merritt and Son, John Procter and Son, George Lumby, J. Illingworth, and Lord and W. H. Vickers. In Back Lane, many disused quarries have been filled up and houses erected upon them. FULNECK. T is said of the monks and friars of the centuries gone, that they were particularly careful in selecting the . sites for their monasteries and other religious houses ; ^ but certainly they were not peculiar in this respect, as witness the case of the pleasant and unique village whose name is at the head of this chapter. Fulneck is most beautifully situated on the northern slopes of the Tong valley, forming the southern boundary of the Pudsey Township* It has a perfectly open prospect to the south, embracing a wide range of country, including Dudley Hill ; Tong, with its tree embowered hall, the seat of Sir R. Tempest-Tempest, Bart. ; Drighlington ; Gildcrsome ; Adwalton, with its historic moor ; Morley, Middleton, Farnley, etc. ; and it would have been difficult for the founders of the place to have chosen a spot in this district more desirable for the purposes contemplated by them. Not inaptly may a part at least of David's eulogy of Mount Zion be applied to this place : — " Beautiful for situation." More especially was this the case when the site was first selected, ere the pellucid and fish-inhabited stream, which winds through the vale, had become black with nauseous drainage, or the opposite slopes were disfigured by heaps of shale and other rubbish thrown out from the pits which have been opened of late years by the Low Moor Iron and Coal Company, and the chimneys whose sulphurous smoke pollutes the air, and destroys the trees of the adjoining woods. * This account of Fulneck has been edited, and partly written, by Mr. J. T. Beer, of Threap- land House. — Ed. HH MORAVIAN ESTABLISHMENT. 235 The establishment presents a fine imposing front when viewed from the other side of the valley, and consists of a broken, yet not inharmonious, line of buildings ; having the chapel in the centre, which, however, is not distinguishable as such on this side ; the schools for girls and boj^s ; the residences for the principals of these schools ; the Single Sisters' and Brethren's Houses, the Lecture Hall, etc., the whole of which are faced by a broad and level gravelled terrace, from whence gardens, orchards, fields, and forest trees, occupy the space down to the stream. Although the beauty of Fulneck is seen in the front, it is at the back where its specially unique features are most apparent. Here the line of the buildings is considerably more broken than in the front, and the chapel is conspicuous by its advancing entrance, surmounted bythebelfry and clock. A paved ter- race having a rise nearly the whole The Terrace. of some yards above the front one, runs length of this side, being shortened by an enclosed yard, etc., belonging to residences of the Single Sisters at the east end. From this terrace green slopes rise to the road or street above, which at the centre is greatly above its level, and is reached by flights of steps of varying heights. The west end of this rising ground was, until a few years ago, occupied by a block of unsightly cottages and other erections, partly used for a bakery, stabling, etc., the removal of which has added much to the cleanliness and appearance of this part of the village. 236 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Beyond the establishment proper, are the boarding-house, the shop, the single Brethren's prayer hall, and cottages, which have been utilised as a reading room or institute. On a lower level, and in front of these latter, there are a few houses so pleasantly situated as to have acquired the name of " Paradise." They are, however, only approachable through a narrow entry on the low side of the inn, which covered passage is therefore appropriately named " Purgatory." Yet let it not be inferred from this that there was any justification for the popular belief of their Romanist or Jesuitical character. At this end is a barrier where a toll of 2d. is demanded for horses and vehicles passing through the place. The whole of the private residences are on the opposite side of the street, extending for the most part from the entrance gate on the east to the bar above indicated. Although considerably above the level of the establishment, the village is still much below the crest of the hill in its rear, so that the whole place is well protected from the north and north-east winds. From the style and arrangement of the buildings the tout ensemble of the place is of a semi- continental character, and cannot fail to impress the visitor by its neat, quiet, and almost solemn appearance. Some of the most modern additions to the requirements of the village are, a capital Sunday School for boys nearer the top of the hill, and one for girls at the back of, and adjoining the Sisters' House. The Lecture Hall, also, was erected only a few years since on the site of what was once the boys' day school, which for many years was successfully conducted by Mr. E. Sewell, who is now quietly passing the remainder of his days amid the calm seclusion of his former activities. The estate, as a whole, is of very considerable extent and value, reaching from Hare Lane on the east to near Scholebrook Lane on the west, and from the top of the hill on the north to the bottom of the valley, which is its southern limit, embracing an area of 160 acres. This important freehold, originally con- sisting of about 130 acres, was added to by subsequent purchases or gifts, and when first acquired was mostly waste or moorland, with one small farm and a malt-kiln. When the common lands of Pudsey were enclosed in 181 2, a great deal of this side of the Tong valley was quite a wilderness of moorland, thickly covered with brambles and briars. In this public spoliation the proprietary of the Fulneck freehold came in for a considerable share. By the persevering industry of the first settlers this was gradually changed into a well cultivated and fruitful inheritance. THE PLAY GROUND, FULNECK. 237 such as but few religious communities of the present day can claim to possess. This fine property is owned by the Church of " Moravian Brethren," or, as they sometimes style themselves, " Unitas Fratrum" whose history in connection with this place we must now follow. The Girls' Play Ground. Previous to the year 1742, this church, influenced by a holy zeal, had sent out Missionaries to different parts of the world, and had established an English Conference, or Board of Direc- tion, in London. It was in this year decided by the Board that a .staff of labourers — actually hand-working ministers — should go and " take up their residence in some convenient spot in Yorkshire, whence as a centre they could go forth to minister to the -societies." " The zeal of the Brethren was .such, that by the end of the following year they had organised forty-seven places where the Scriptures were regularly read and prayer offered up once in every three weeks." These places were divided into six districts, in each of which was a preaching place, to which the 238 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. societies might resort on Sundays. Pudsey was one of these centres. In March, 1743, Count Zinzendorf, who had devoted him- self to the interests of the Church, visited the brethren at Pudsey ; and in order fully to carry out their social as well as religious polity, fixed upon the hillside then called Fallncck, which was then, or shortly afterwards, offered for sale. This noble convert was a zealous and enthusiastic member of the cause he had espoused, and did much, both by his labours and his means, to advance the spiritual and material prosperity of the community with which he had associated himself ; one of its best known and perhaps finest stations in Germany — Herrnhutt in Lusatia — being the fruit of his generosity. By many this nobleman is thought to have been the founder of the Moravian Fulneck, from Tong Hill. Church ; but this is a great mistake, he only having been a co-worker with others in the extraordinary revivals of the last century. In fact, the Moravians claim to have been Protestants before the Reformation, and to have kinship with those early martyrs, John Huss, of Bohemia, and Jerome of Prague; with John Wicliffe, and others, who heralded Luther in his noble work. It is stated that 240 years previous to Zinzendorfs invita- tion to the Brethren to form a settlement upon his patrimony, a number of Waldensian refugees from Romanist persecution in Austria, fled for safety and protection to the Church at Fulneck in Moravia ; and although, from persecution and other causes, the organisation was brought very low during the following two centuries, yet it was from this same Moravian Fulneck that the first colony was transferred to Herrnhut. ETYMOLOGY. 239 As yet no reference has been made in this history to the name, " Fulneck." As afterwards stated, the place was called Grace Hall from the completion of the chapel in 1748 until 1763, when the name of Fulneck was adopted, in loving remembrance of the original home of the Brethren in Moravia, which bore that name. Also, it is said, because the situation, or general appear- ance of the two places, had some resemblance to each other. By a curious coincidence, however — and this may have given some weight to the new baptism — the spot had, for genera- tions previous to the Brethren becoming owners of it, been known as " Fallneck." Some previous writer has endeavoured to find the source of this in Fall'n-Ake, or Oak, from the Saxon ac, from the supposition that some notable tree of that tribe had become prostrate thereabouts. Notwithstanding the improba- bility of this derivation, it has been very generally accepted by local antiquaries, perhaps without considering the value of the suggestion. I venture, however, to offer what I think to be a much more plausible indication of the source from whence it comes. Those acquainted with the locality will know that between Nesbit Hall on this side, and Tong Hall on the other, the valley opens out westward, dividing itself into a fork or Y shape, one branch going up to Holme and Dudley Hill, the other passing round the Tyersall Hill to Laisterdyke. The junction of these two branches, then, is the Jiead of the valley, and that portion immediately adjoining, eastward, is the neck. This is the part wholly included in the estate, i.e., from Scholebrook or Jackass Lane to South Royd or Hare Lane. Did not the name, then, indicate the wide neck of the valley, or Fullneck, as it was often spelt in the old writings ? The corruption from full to fall by the original inhabitants needs no explanation. Yet another, and perhaps more likely origin, is communi- cated by Mr. J. Cliff, of Nesbit Hall, from a note recently acquired by him. It is extracted from the notes of a Mr. Samuel Hemmingway, who, along with a Squire Sugden, who lived on the hill, inspected property which John Holdsworth, then residing in the old " Bank-House," wished to sell. After viewing West Royd, they walked on to " Fallneck and Fall, Stubbs, and South Royd " — all significant names — " and came up one side of the Calf Close " (sic. Hare Lane). Here, then, we have the popular and strictly correct nomenclature — the steep slope ox fall 2X the NECK of the valley, this part being by far, steeper than the land at either end ; therefore, appropriately known as the " Fall." 240 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. At the time the Moravians were pushing on their \vorl< of preaching and establishing societies, the Wesleys, with Whitfield and others, were going up and down through the country, engaged to a much greater extent in the same work. Among these, and for long a coadjutor with them, was the Rev. Benjamin Ingham. He was a native of Ossett, in this county, was educated at Oxford, and ordained to be a Minister of the Established Church ; but not waiting to be inducted into a living, and probably having some private means, he commenced preaching, both in the churches and in the open air, to large congregations which flocked to hear him, principally in York- shire and the borders of Lancashire. He was an earnest and successful preacher, and in a short time about fifty congregations or societies were formed as the result of his labours. Probably he was a better preacher than organiser, or, preferring the system and polity of the Moravians, he persuaded his followers to unite themselves with the Brethren, and with one consent they seem to have done so, to the extent of about a thousand members. He thus became a man of considerable influence in the combmed societies. Thus it was, that when the Board of Direction in 1 743, acting upon the advice of the Count, decided to obtain this site as a grand centre for their work in Yorkshire, Mr. Ingham was com- missioned to purchase it for the Brethren, i.e., to pay down the purchase money, with the understanding that the Board would take it over before the end of the year. This arrangement, however, was not carried out, and subsequently there seems to have been some difficulty in bringing the matter to a settlement; as a note under date 1744 says, " No final agreement or bargain was made, but this was at length, 1754, obtained upon a lease of 500 years (another note says 999 years), after a good deal of trouble and many changes of Mr. Ingham's mind." Count Zinzendorf, who was on a visit at the time, exclaimed when the matter was settled, " I can now with freedom lift up my eyes and pronounce this settlement a settlement of the Lord." Subse- quently the rights of Mr. Ingham's heirs in the estate were purchased by the lessees, and the property thus became their freehold. This gentleman appears also to have been subject to no small measure of religious impulsiveness ; for it is stated, under date Oct. 9th, 1745, or nearly two years after he had bought the estate for the church, — After a blessed Lovefeast with the single Brethren, Mr. Ingham fetched a jiiece of ground from the field in which their house was intended to be built, and gave it to them as a token of their henceforth having possession of it. But this was afterwards THE CHAPEL. 24 1 returned, when the said field was determined upon as the future place of the single sisters' house ; when Mr. Ingham gave them, in the same solemn manner, possession of the ground of their present house and garden. He promised, moreover, ;if too, either in money or bricks, towards their house. The Brethren at this time lived in one or two small houses in connection with a Meeting Room on the top of the hill, also apparently in a house or houses at Bankhouse, — possibly at Nesbit Hall. The hill was then called " Lamb's Hill," and at these two places they resided for four or five years, while the chapel and houses were being built for them. The first stone of the former was laid on May2ist, 1746, by the brethren Foeltschig, Okershausen and Hauptman, with much solemn religious cere- mony, singing and prayer being continued in the open air the whole of the night following. This place for worship was designated by them " Grace Hall," and afterwards for some years was the name by which the whole place was known. One cannot but admire the ardent faith and burning zeal of this handful of men, most of whom were strangers in the land, in starting to build an establishment, calculated by themselves to cost^3,ooo, but which others thought would reach ;^io,ooo; and which is stated finally to have been as much as ;i^ 15,000; and this upon land the tenure of which was not fully secured to them, or had been forfeited by their non-fulfilment of the terms of agree- ment. This Chapel or Hall was completed in 1748, and solemnly consecrated on June 2nd, by John de Watteville and Peter Bohler, two of the most learned and prominent labourers in the fraternity at that time. The minister's house had been completed and occupied during the March preceding. The chapel organ was one of no mean repute, being built by Snetzler, an eminent maker of his day ; and as music has ever been a leading feature in connection with the economy of their worship, it will account for the fact that, although engaged in a great enterprise and with straightened means, yet they succeeded in putting in this fine instrument in the same year that the chapel was opened.* It was originally placed in the east gallery, but was in 1802 removed to its present position opposite the pulpit. This last named, and generally considered most important piece of ecclesiastical architecture, seems to have been with them a matter of minor concern, as it was not erected until 1750, when it was first occupied by the gifted and learned preacher Benjamin La Trobe, who at that time was stationed with the church as Brethren's labourer. His was a name of Huguenot celebrity, which has been continued down to the present day through a succession of talented, influential, and honoured generations. * The present Instrument was erected in 1851. II :242 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Among the earliest of those who were connected with the Brethren, was one Claudius Nesbit, who resided at Bankhouse, and built what is now called " Nesbit Hall," at present owned and occupied by John Cliff, Esq., F.R.Hist.S., who was himself educated at the Fulneck Boarding School. A view of this finely situated, and lately much improved mansion, will be found in this history. Doubtless it was with this same Claudius Nesbit that Zinzendorf temporarily abode during his visits to the district. A great mystery has always surrounded his last days. It is related that going to London on business, he was never more heard of In the year 1749 Zinzendorf, and his son Renatus, again visited the settlement, and laid the foundation stones of the houses for the Single Sisters and Brethren. The first is detached from the main block, is built of bricks, and is an imposing termination of the facade to the east. Through the space thus left open there is a delightful and almost telescopic view of the front prospect ; here also access is had from the rear to the main terrace. This noble promenade deserves more than a mere passing reference. It is a well kept gravel walk, having an extension of about 240 yards and a breadth of 8 yards. " It was in existence in a rude state in 1753, and about the same time the gardens on the slope below were laid out." About 60 years subsequent to the above date it seems to have been brought somewhere near to its present condition of perfection, and is said now to be "equal if not superior to that at Windsor Castle; " and also to bear more than a favourable comparison with the famed parade in front of Hampton Court. The houses above-mentioned were finished and occupied three years later. It was also in the above-named year that the Burial ground was laid out for its sacred pur- JOHN WESLEY AT FULNECK. 243- pose. It is a long strip of land sloping gently down from the road to a considerable distance below, and has within the last few years been enlarged by addition of land from the adjoining fields. This holy resting-place for the dead is to the east of the estate,, and is overshadowed by many very fine forest trees, which add much to its quiet and hallowing appearance. Here some of the most sacred of their religious services were wont to be held ; and oft has the stillness of the early morning been broken by the slowly measured and solemn music of their brass horns. More particularly was this the case at Eastertide, when the burial and glorious resurrection of our Blessed Saviour was celebrated with much that was, to the natives, both strange and novel ; and so much attention and curiosity did it excite as to cause thousands to assemble to witness the uncommon spectacle. This ultimately became, by the unruly character of the assemblies, so great an annoyance as to compel the transfer of the service to the chapeL Grace Clarke was the first interred in the burial ground. It may not be out of place to state that the brethren and their general economy were held in much esteem by that great apostle of the last century, the Rev. John Wesley, and his equally good and talented brother Charles. Indeed, the former acknowledged that it was by communion with Peter Bohler he was enabled to understand the plan of salvation as propounded in the New Testament, and to realise that " peace of God," by faith in Jesus Christ, which he afterwards preached with so much fervour, persistency, and success , and which became a leading characteristic of his long and self-denying ministry. Further, it is, apparently, to his intercourse with the brethren that the Methodist Church is indebted, not only for the knowledge of this joyous fact of christian privilege and vital godliness, but also for much of its peculiar polity. Lovefeasts, fellowship meetings,, watch-night services, class meetings, circuits, and districts, seem mostly to have been grafted from this source. He visited Grace Hall in 1747, when he first preached in Pudsey at 8.0 a.m., and upon other occasions during his busy life when at Pudsey, and although the whole manner of their social arrangements did not commend itself to his judgment, yet he was always glad of that spiritual intercourse he found active amongst them. In reference to their social affairs he says in his journal, April 17th, 1780- I left Leeds in one of the roughest mornings I have ever seen. We had rain, hail, snow, and wind in abundance. About nine I preached at Bramley ; between one and two at Pudsey. Afterwards I walked to Fulneck, the German settlement. Mr. Moore shewed us the house, chapel hall, lodging rooms, the apartments for the 244 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. widows, the single men and single women. He shewed us likewise the workshops of various kinds, with the shops for grocery, drapery, mercery, hardware, &c., with which, as well as with bread from their bakehouse, they furnish the adjacent country. I see not what, but the mighty power of God, can keep them from acquiring millions, as they { 1st) Buy all materials with ready money at the first hand, (and) Have above a hundred young men, above fifty young women, many widows, and above a hundred married persons, all of whom are employed from morning to night, without any interruption, in various kinds of manufactures ; not for journeymen's wages, but for no wages at all, save a little very plain food and raiment. As they have (3rd) a quick sale for all their goods, and sell them all for ready money. But can they lay up treasure on earth and at the same time lay up treasure in heaven ? The above interesting note will doubtless explain to a very- large extent how the community managed to possess itself of this fine property. It was by the persistent self-abnegation of hundreds of people, industriously pursuing this one end, with a religious fervour but rarely equalled. Joyfully toiling, and under the most favourable conditions for success, not for themselves, but the cause to which they were wholly devoted. As an illustration also of the widespread interest felt in one another by the members of the Church generally, a ship's cargo of timber was sent as a present from Norway towards the erection of these buildings. It will already have been observed from the note above quoted that the object of the establishment was not merely a spiritual one. Employment was to be found for the members, not only to provide for their own necessities, but also that by their labours there might be a capital account for the common good. They thus occupied themselves in various trades and manufactures, and became the pioneers of that principle of co- operation which has spread so widely in later years. The clothmaking business was commenced in 1748, and afterwards that of worsted and gloves, tailoring, shoemaking, farming, etc., by the brethren ; and needlework, hosiery, and lace making by the sisters, were all successfully followed for many years, but finally abandoned as unprofitable, or impracticable when brought into competition with the ordinary outside traders. Doubtless the novelty of the movement would attract many young people at first, who were also the subjects of strong religious influences, but the austerity of the life imposed on them being unnaturally severe, would soon become irksome and intolerable ; so that what was in the beginning effective by the influence of an abnormal zeal, speedily failed when worked under the conditions of ordinary and reasonable life. The building at the extreme west end of the terrace was erected for cloth- making in 1758, and the business continued to be carried on by the Brethren, principally under the direction of Br. Charlesworth, PERSECUTION. 245 until 1780, when, for reasons just given, it lapsed into other hands. It was, however, resumed by them about 1823, and con- tinued till 1837, when it was finally abandoned. The temporary prosperity of the movement, however, aroused the jealousy and anger of many in the district. This feeling was further increased by the spreading of false and scandalous reports as to their political and religious connections ; while the fact of the great bulk of their leading men being foreigners, was quite sufficient of itself to quicken the suspicions with which they were generally regarded. In the middle of the last century the partizans of the Pretender were numerous and active, while Romanism, with which his cause was supposed to be closely connected, was everywhere by the mass of the people bitterly hated. It was, therefore, an easy task with the enemies of the Brethren to accuse them as Romanists and Jacobites, while their peculiar religious rites, and close mode of life, together with the aid they got from abroad, served to convince the ignorant and vulgar, who are always superficial in their observations and hasty in their conclusions, that these pious and harmless strangers were in league against the throne and church. They thus became subject to much annoyance and persecution ; their meetings were interrupted, their houses .searched, and large mobs from Leeds and elsewhere caused them much apprehension, and threatening serious riots. These, however, seem to have been averted by some of their ministers appearing before Sir Walter de Calverley and taking oath as to the loyal and peaceable character of their work and people ; furthermore, they are said to have persuaded one or two magistrates to visit the settlement, and have fully explained to them the nature of its economy. From thence their way would seem to have been unmolested, save by .such small matters as occasionally arose from internal causes, or other and more perplexing questions connected with the estate. An instance of the latter sort arose with the owner of the opposite side of the valley, in relation to the Brethren establishing a dyehouse for their cloth manufactory on the stream dividing the two properties. A note under date 1750 says — The congregation enjoyed rest from without and within, excepting some dis- agreeable disputes betwixt us and Mr. Tempest, of Tong, concerning the Dyehouse and the use of the brook near it, which came to a tedious law suit. Again, in the next year, we find — The disagreement with Mr. Tempest, in Tong, was finally settled at York in July. Some matters in dispute were given in the right of Mr. Tempest, and the right 246 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. of the brook given in favour of Fulneck Settlement. Br. Metcalf was very much engaged in helping to terminate this disagreeable dispute. Still another in the year following — Those in the Economy at Holme had much to sufifer by Mr. Tempest, who threatened to turn them out of their house, and they were at last obliged to move from thence to Pudsey town (1756?) Disputes and petty jealousies also between the foreign and English residents were not unknown, and sometimes went so far as to create no small amount of vexation and anxiety. A congregation of the Moravians existed at Pudsej' contem- poraneously with the one at Fulneck, but whereas the " Fulneck congregation was confined to its own place ; Pudsey congrega- tion (175s) included Holbeck (Leeds), Dudley Hill, Horton, and Baildon." This separate society, with its constitution and privi- leges, existed down to the year 1811, when, from constantly decreasing numbers, and to prevent an utter collapse, it became amalgamated with the stronger section at Fulneck. In connection with the Pudsey Society a boys' school was opened, and as an indication of the value set upon their own services by the brethren, it is recorded, Feb. 27th, 1784 — ^just when they were about to begin the erection of the large boarding school at Fulneck — Brn. Watson and Collis had conference with the committee brethren touching the boys' school to be begun, i.e., to settle the school wages. It was thought readers only should pay zjd. ; readers and writers, 4d. ; and readers, writers, and cypherers, 6d. per week ; and the schoolmaster to have for the present 6s. per week ; and as soon as the Schollers bring in 7s. per week, then he to have 7s. per week ! ! There had been an attempt to establish a school two years previously, which failed for the reason that it was " very hard to get any house as room in Pudsey, as they are all occupied, and the rents also are very high." This was in March, 1782 ; and in July of the same year it states, " we are much concerned that we cannot get a room to keep a school in for our boys." The minister at Pudsey at this time, a married man, only received 8s. per week, and at the time of the union with Fulneck, as above, his salary was but 12s. per week. It was old widow Stephenson who received the Brethren when they first came to Yorkshire (sic Pudsey), and in whose house they preached. This junction of the societies " was settltd with 1 50 persons present, but there were as many as 345 souls in the society. Pud- sey, 125 ; Dudley Hill, 60 ; Great Horton, 70 ; Baildon, 30 ; Leeds and Holbeck, 60. The average during the first ten years of these societies had been 660." The labourers on the Pudsey plan resided together in a cottage yet indicated in the street at Fulneck. A TIME OF REVIVAL. 247 During the separate " existence of the Pudsey Congrega- tion, the number in Fulneck averaged 359 the first ten years, then rose to 425 as their highest average, and was probably not much under 400 at the time of union." This was undoubtedly the period of greatest energy in the church, not only in this district but throughout all its ramifica- tions. But we have to do with Fulneck only, and what is said of the Yorkshire societies generally is most fully applicable here, that from " 1755-90 was the time of greatest congregational activity ; 1785 — 1825 the almost exclusive educational period; 1825 — 1855 years of comparative inactivity!' (Cent. Jub., p. 35.) The first section was one of utter and general consecration, body and soul, to the service of God and the church, wherein no labour was too great, no sacrifice too much, if only the one would appear to benefit thereby, or the other required it at their hands. Indeed, the brethren seem at this time to have come as near as possible up to the standard of the primitive church, when " all that believed were together, and had all things common." — Acts ii., 44. " And the multitude of them that believed were of one heart and soul, and not one of them said that aught of the things which he possessed was his own ; but they had all things common." — Acts iv., 32. Imbued with this noble charity, and fired by such zeal to promote the spiritual and eternal welfare of each other, and of the masses lying around them in the arms of the Wicked One, it were a marvel, indeed, if, while sustained by this spirit, the blessing of heaven had not crowned their labours with success. But " a fierce fire needs much fuel," and humanity is none the less human however sanctified and sustained by Divine grace. The three ^r&zX forty days of Moses in the mount, Elijah in the desert, and the Saviour in the wilder- ness, all had an end ; for no abnormal condition of life, whatever good it may secure for the nonce, or promise in the future, can possibly be upheld any longer than the fire which animated it is kept fully alive. And to suppose such a state of living can be continuous is to ignore the whole tradition of our being, and the noble attempt of the early Christians which so soon collapsed. From this universal experience the Brethren were not exempt. Here it appears that within the short space of ten or fifteen years after the settlement of our Congre- gations, the numbers reached their culminating point. The fire proved in many places to be merely that of stubble, quickly flaming, and soon burnt down. Thus, though the number of additions was at first great,— at that time tens were counted where we are contented with units, — the number of those that fell off was proportionately large, amounting (in some years) to between 40 and 60. From the simple accounts handed down to us, it is hardly possible lo say who laboured most successfully ; all appear to have devoted themselves, soul and body, to the work. The attractive eloquence 248 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. of Br. La Trobe, and the loving words of the venerable Bishop Traneker seem to have made particular impression. — (Cent. Jub. , p. 41). We should not lose sight of the fact that the later half of the last century was a time of general revival of religion through- out this and some other lands. Experimental and practical Godliness was almost extinct ; services were held in the churches, and sermons were preached ; but the first were coldly formal, and the latter not only insipid but in many cases wholly hid under the bushels of morality and tradition. The clergy proclaimed the "form of Godliness " without the power ; often spoke of virtue, but rarely exhibited the only saving foundation of every Christian grace. The Independents had not developed the evangelical spirit they have since displayed, and there were comparatively few Methodists here to search out the poor and dispised, and to preach with rude but earnest eloquence the terrors of "the wrath to come." Thus the field wai open ; there were no rivals, and even the places of worship, such as they were, were far apart and thinly scattered among an ignorant population. Thus were the fields in this corner of Vorkshire ready for the harvest, when Ingham and Delamotte, La Trobe and Trane- ker, Cennick and Hartley, with others, put in the sickle and reaped a harvest of men ; while some of the brethren, as Boehler and Gambold were " compelling the attention of Oxford to the truth by their Latin discourses, prayers, and extemporised verses." The foundation thus laid in true piety, zeal, and learning, cannot but be abiding ; and although, for awhile, the super- structure may fall partially into decay, yet with such a basement to work upon, and the same Divine Power at the command of their faith, may we not at any time look for a return to the old evangelistic activities, and as a consequence, the former fruits. " Then shall the offering of Judah and Jerusalem be pleasant unto the Lord, as in the days of old, and as in the ancient years." Mai. iii., iv. We must now glance at another branch of the work allotted to the place, one which has far exceeded in importance, as it has outlived in time, that of the industrial. I refer to the work of education. This has almost from the beginning been a notable feature of Fulneck, and long ere the value of a liberal education was generally recognised in this country, the Moravians were careful to give it to their own children, as well as to admit others to the benefits of their schools. It must also not be for- gotten that theirs was a Missionary Church many years prior to the other Protestant Churches awaking to a sense of this branch of Christian duty. This being so, the children of the Brethren engaged upon foreign stations, where education was next to impossible, had to be cared for at home, so that then, as now. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGE. 249 many were sent to this country for that purpose. At the period with which we are now dealing (about 1750) — Day schools were set on foot in various parts for the use of the societies ; and the children of those brethren and sisters who were set apart for the service of the church, were, together with some few whose parents desired it, collected into one family, forming the nucleus of the present boarding-schools at Fulneck. The children's oeconomy was at Broadoaks, in Essex, in 1743, but the boys were afterwards removed to Buttermere, in Wiltshire ; and in 1 748 were transplanted to Smith's House (Wyke), in Yorkshire, and finally took possession of the rooms under the chapel (1753), which were occupied by them until, 30 or 40 years afterwards, the present Boys' School was built."' It was two years after the arrival of the boys, that the girls were also transferred from Church Lane, Chelsea, to the same rooms beneath the chapel. In reference to a sad epidemic of small- po.x, there is an entry in the diaries, very characteristic of the simplicity of the times. We read : " By occasion of the small- pox, Our Saviour held a rich harvest among the children, many of whom departed in a very blessed manner." The first attempt by the Moravian brethren to establish a large public school in Yorkshire was made at Fulneck about 1785, when " a few children of parents who, without entirely con- necting themselves with our Church, yet kept up an intimate acquaintance with it, had been already admitted to our schools. The increase of applications of this nature, together with the great insufficiency of the accommodation for both schools below the chapel, rendered an additional building requisite. In August of the above year, the older portion of the present Boys' Boarding School was solemnly opened for this purpose by Brother Traneker." This movement was so successful that, from a beginning of from 50 to 60, the number had reached 200 in 1 8 17. This result was partly due to the fact of the Church's connection with the Continent, by which an uncommon staff of good classical, mathematical, and language teachers was readily and continuously secured. Among the most conspicuous of these was " H. Steinhauer, who, inheriting his father's zeal, and endowed with extraordinary acquirements in most depart- ments of science, imparted signal impulse to many studies, which, with classics, mathematics, and the pursuit of the Fine Arts, enabled this institution to afford a more liberal education than most others." A Theological College was commenced here in 1 809, for the training of students for the ministry, but was discontinued in 1827, being fettered in its usefulness by " numerous restrictions and inadequate resources." It subsisted during these few years " under various names and arrangements, and has not since been renewed," except for a brief period. KK 250 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. The union of this secular education with the church work, and spiritual life of the congregation, v/as not in all respects con- sidered satisfactory. " The service of the schools swallowed up a great number of brethren, without creating an equivalent supply of new members ;" the spirit of zeal and self-denial was •declining ; success had enervated the establishment, " and the period of real prosperity had ceased long before the numbers had reached their maximum." But the schools were popular, the pupils were many, and the profits good ; and the glamour of this success not unnaturally dimmed the eyes of the Brethren, so that they could not see to what an extent they were con- suming the hard-won stock of spiritual capital accumulated during the previous fifty years. " It seemed as if the prosperity of the schools was, by its brilliant glare, to hide every other defect, and we believe we are giving a correct impression of the state of feeling, when we say that the first question of a visiting brother was not, ' What spirit animates the congregation ? ' but ' How full are the schools ?' " They were also among the first of the Churches to enter upon that then novel, but now most popular, work of Sabbath School teaching. In 1800 the exertions of C. I. La Trobe were successful in establishing such schools at Fulneck. These, with a short break at the commencement of the period, have ever since been in operation, and proved an incalculable blessing to the whole neighbourhood. Following a principle which seems to be incorporated into most of their religious and social activities, the boys and girls are kept as much as possible apart from each other, and separate schools have been erected of late years for their use ; that for the girls being in the street at the rear of the Sisters' House, while the one for the boys occupies a •commanding position nearer the crest of the hill. This practice operates throughout their whole polity, the sexes not comming- ling in any of their religious gatherings ; in fact, so far is this enforced at Fulneck, that the writer of this article, having taken a seat upon one occasion, at a public service in the chapel, on the very margin of the female side of the entrance, was peremptorily told, three times over, " You must not sit there !" This division is also strictly carried even to death, as in the burial ground one half is set apart for males, and the other for females, so that husbands and wives, parents and children, brothers and sisters, whatever may be their lot in Heaven, at least in Hades are kept apart. One is led to wonder that, with such Benedictine practices, matrimony should be sanctioned. THE SABBATH SCHOOLS. 25 1 Returning to the Sabbath Schools, it is claimed for them in an account of the " Celebration of the Centenary Jubilee," that the Brethren were not second in this popular and profitable field of labour. It says, " We cannot refrain also from men- tioning Bro. Steinhauer, whose exertions show us how far even some of the so-called ' simple ' brethren of olden times were in advance of their age. Both as boys' labourer in Fulneck, and as minister in Wyke (1773), he made use of his own press, in order to circulate printed copies of hymns or addresses among the children, thus anticipating by twenty years the work of Sunday Schools." It would also further appear that this same " simple " brother is responsible for the introduction of choir- singing into the services of the church at Fulneck. To him also is given the honourable notice of having, ten years previous to the above date, raised the standard of instruction in the day schools from a "course of tuition at first very limited, comprising little beyond reading, writing, and arithmetic," by the introduc- tion of higher branches of study, as Latin, German, French, music, etc.; which, of course, considerably encroached upon the time set apart for manual labour ; for even the time of the children was strictly apportioned between school and work. Here we appear to see the first germ of that modern system of education in connection with our Board Schools — the half- timers — in operation at this out-of-the-way corner of the world, a hundred years before the establishment of these institutions was practically contemplated. Is there anything new under the sun ? The buildings for the boys' boarding schools were erected 1784-5, but considerably enlarged in 18 18. They occupy the space between the Brethren's and the Directors' residences, and were " solemnly opened by Br. Traneker, who at that time combined the functions of congregation-helper and minister with those of the school director." The ceremony of the stone laying is referred to in the Diary under date April 19th, 1784: — Being the anniversary of the settling of the congregation in Fulneck up (on) the footing of a place congregation 29 years since. At 8 was morning blessings ; at 1 1 the congn. assembled in the Hall, when, after singing some verses, i^., " Un- fathomed wisdom of our King," &c., reading the inscription to be put in the Leden Box, the foundation stone of the House for the Boys' oeconomy was laid by Br. Traneker, who, standing upon the foundation stone, offer'd up a prayer, and though I (was) at a great distance to (from) him, yet the feeling I had was sufficient to convince me our Savr. was pleased with the whole transaction. From hence have gone forth missionaries to the remotest parts of the earth, not only to teach and preach, but often to work and 252 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. maintain themselves in desolate regions. Here too has been the chief seminary in England for training of ministers for the home work, and a succession of teachers for succeeding generations. The Centenary Anniversary of the schools was celebrated on May 3rd, 1853. It would be an incomplete notice of these old and important scholastic institutions, were we to omit mention of a few of the names which stand forth conspicuously in connection with them, as Directors, Tutors, or Pupils. Among the first of these is one whose name is constantly recurring in the Diaries of the last century, the Rev. G. Traneker. As stated above, his duties were duplex and onerous ; yet discharged, evidently, with conscientious faithfulness, and a general satisfaction to those among whom he laboured. He was the first "Helper" under the new settlement, April 14th, 1755, being appointed " Ordinary [Bishop] of Fulneck, and of the whole," i.e., the other congregations in connection with it, " and his wife also was to be a general labouress or elder." He is specially mentioned with the brethren Johannes de Watteville, La Trobe, and Charlesworth, — who is referred to as the "Gaius," or "Congregation Innkeeper," — as taking a general and principal part in all the solemnities of the great Conference where these and many other things of importance were settled, including the appointment of Br. Planta as congregation physician. The Bishop's first appointment was not of long duration, as he was succeeded in both oiifices in 1757 by the Rev. B. La Trobe, but he returned to his old duties twenty years later, 1776, and appears to have continued as School Director till 1791, and was congregation-helper until the appointment of the Rev. S. Benade, in 1801. This venerable and devoted servant of Christ and the brethren died at Fulneck in the following year, and was interred in the burial ground there. The jubilee of the brethren's and sisters' houses was celebrated this year. The Rev. Benjamin Latrobe, who has already been referred to, appears to have been a man of first importance in the church of the Brethrcns' Unity, and a member of the Central Board of Direction in London. From him descended a long line of worthy and notable men and women who have continuously laboured in some way or other at Fulneck, and other places, in the interest of the church. — Of his sons. Christian Ignatius, Peter, and James ; the first named was very actively employed both at home and abroad, and was often at Fulneck during his bu.sy life: in the latter part of the year 181 5 he visited the missions REV. BENJAMIN LA TROBE. 253 in South Africa, being at that time Secretary to the Brethren's Missionary Society. Peter was an eminent musician and com- poser ; James, in 1788 was minister at Mirfield, and in 1806 at Pudsey— at that time a bishop — with 8s. per week. His son, James, was minister of Mirfield from 1836 to 1841. Another member of the family, Joseph, who was educated at Fulneck, " rose to be Lieut. -governor of Victoria, in Australia." — Kev. Benjamin La Trobe. The " settling " of Fulneck as a place-congregation was done under his guidance, in conjunction with John de Watteville, or "Johannes," as he is usually called, during a visit which they paid apparently for that purpose. He followed Mr. Traneker in the offices of congregation-helper, and school-director at the end of his first term, 1757, and is said to have been a gifted man 254 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. and an eloquent preacher ; as before stated, he was the first to occupy the pulpit of the chapel in 1750. His power as a preacher is often spoken of, especially at the Easter Services, when the assemblies were not only very large but tumultuous. He appears from the tabular statement, in the Cent. Jub. account, to have held the above offices until 1768, or about ten years. A note under date July 31st of that year, says, " Bro. Latrobe held his last public preaching for this time of his long sojourning in Yorkshire. A farewell lovefeast was held Aug. 24th, before his setting out to London." He is,however often mentioned as visiting Fulneck during the following years. He died at Chelsea, 1786 ; and so great was the respect in which he was held, that no less than 58 coaches followed his remains to the grave. A curious note occurs a year previous to his leaving this place : — " May 15th, I kept the meeting at the girls' school, and acquainted them that they must again move for some weeks to Jefferson's house, in Pudsey, as Sister Latrobe would want that house in which they were during the time of her lying in." Passing over a host of names, worthy of note, we must come to one whose long connection with the Schools endeared him to many, and whose cheerful, active. Christian life, is yet fragrant in the memory of all in this neighbourhood. The Rev. Joseph Hutton Willey, who for a long period was director of both the Fulneck boarding schools, was born in Ballinderry in co. Antrim, in 1820. His father was born in Fulneck in 1781, and removed with his parents to Plymouth in July, 1783, who had completed their appointment on the Pudsey plan. He was a minister in the Moravian Church, as had been also his grand- father, a Yorkshireman who joined the Brethren at their first coming into these parts about the middle of last century, and was appointed minister at Pudsey, 1773. His mother was a Hutton, of a good Dublin family ; she was aunt of Sir W. R. Hamilton, the celebrated mathematician, and Astronomer Royal of Ireland, who spent some time in Fulneck on the occasion of a British Association Meeting in Leeds. The late director had himself been a scholar at Fulneck, which he left in 1835 to pursue his studies, at first in Dublin, afterwards at the Moravian Church Schools in Nisky and Guadenfeld. After completion of his studies, he assisted fcr three years in tuition at a school in Holland, spending thus eight years in early life with what advantage is to be gained from foreign training, and becoming conversant with German and French. In [848, Mr. Willey was ordained in Fairfield by Bishop Essex, and after assisting in the THE SCHOOLS. 255 ministry in Bristol, he was appointed to the charge of the congregation at Gomersal. At the same time, in 185 1, he married Miss Jane Millar, a Belfast lady, who was educated at Gracehill. "Their stay in Gomersal was but short, for the next summer, 1852, saw their entrance upon the superintendence of the schools at Fulneck, a work in which nearly 27 years were to be spent. During this period there were, of course, many fluctuations, but the general course of the Institution was very successful ; the premises were improved, the playground extended, a swimming bath built, and the financial state of the school much improved. At the first beginning of the University school examination, Fulneck joined the movement heartily, and won early honours, pupils receiving prizes from the hand of Lord Palmerston in Leeds. Mr. Fitch, on behalf of Government, made a close inspection of both schools, and sent in a most favourable report. At the present time, 1887, two of the former pupils are valued members of Parliament. During the period of Mr. Willey's directorship, above 1,000 young people boarded and were taught in the schools ; at least 120 teachers had been engaged in the good work ; above 200 domestic servants had followed, as usual, in too rapid succession. The elevated and airy situation of the school buildings was conducive to health, and for a long time there seemed to be immunity from any serious ailment, but a rather severe visitation of fever in 1878 checked prosperity for a time, and disheartened those who had the serious responsibility of caring for the children of absent parents, so that Mr. and Mrs. Willey were for some reasons not sorry to take an otherwise regretful leave of friends in Fulneck and neighbourhood, following a call to take charge of the congregation in Gracehill, co. Antrim. This part- ing took place in March, 1879. He was succeeded in the office of Director of the Schools by the Rev. John J. Shawe, who had himself been educated at Fulneck, and in Germany ; afterwards was engaged as a teacher here, and Brethren's labourer about 1856. He then removed to Ireland for a few years, and subsequently returned to Fulneck in connection with the Theological Institute, which had been revived for a short time, but which was afterwards removed to Fairfield, near Manchester. His term of labour in striving, under great difficulties, to restore the Schools to some degree of the prestige they had lost by a repetition of unfortunate epidemic visitations, was cut short by almost sudden death, under circum- stances most distressing. Staying with his family at Morecambe 256 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. in 1882, one of his sons when bathing, got out of his depth and called to him for assistance. Both were nearly drowned, but were rescued in a state of unconsciousness by a boatman, and afterwards restored. In the case of Mr. Shawe, however, fever supervened, and the shock to his system was so great, that although he partially reco.vered, yet a relapse came on, and he died in about a fortnight after the sad occurrence, to the great grief of all who knew him, and amid much sympathy for his wife and family. He was a gentleman of great energy and devotion to his work, of very considerable attainments, and as a preacher, eloquent, impressive, and popular. The Rev. Wm. Titterington, another old boy and teacher, succeeded next in 1882, and is at present in charge of the Boys' School, which now numbers about 70 pupils, and under his able conduct, assisted by his matronly partner, and a staff of efficient teachers, is regaining no small amount of the favour it so unfortunately lost for a while. Miss Shawe, sister of the above J. J. Shawe, has the management of the Girls' Department. These biographical notes might be extended to a great length ; indeed, a volume of biographies of Fulneck worthies would in itself be a work of large extent and very considerable interest. For beside those who have had the direction of the Schools, many have been otherwise associated with them who, in their day, were men of influence, and have left impressions of their work, which are yet, and must continue, " Footprints on the sands of Time." One of these was Mr. Wm. Nelson, who as a musician and an artist, was well known and highly esteemed both in the schools and the neighbourhood. He had charge of the chapel organ and the musical services for more than 30 years, these services during that period being unusually famous. As an ex- tempore player he had few equals, and his method of accom- panying the services was marked by great judgment and taste. Nor was he less known as an artist. His drawings were of the highest order, and much sought after by those who had the op- portunity of knowing him. A few of these passed under the hands of the lithographer ; perhaps the best known to the public being a view of Fulneck, and a set of six views of Kirkstall Abbey. In many ways he did good work for the church of the Brethren, holding sundry offices from time to time ; and many who have passed through the schools would testify to the care and attention devoted to them in connection with these two EDWARD SEWELL, M.A. 257 branches of study under his guidance. He died and was buried at Fulncck in 1868, aged 58 years. His son, Mr. C. Sebastian Nelson, architect, of Leeds, but who resides at Fulneck, in the pleasant house formerly occupied by his parents, has now charge of the organ and musical services of the congregation. One other, whose long connection with the place and neigh- bourhood forbids his exclusion from these pages, was born at Fulneck, Nov. 8th, 1820, and educated at the school there. His father dying when he was but an infant, EDWARD Sewell be- came the special charge of a mother who devoted herself to his welfare. He was intended for the ministry, and his early educa- tion was conducted with that aim ; but circumstances occurred ere his arrival at manhood which diverted him from this end, and finally moulded his professional after-life very different from what he ever expected. He began to teach in the Sabbath school when only 14 years old, and for nearly 20 years pursued these labours " with abundant success." In 1842 he was entrusted with the head-mastership of the day school in Ful- neck, a post he held for 27 years with unvarying prosperity to all concerned, and with distinguished honour to himself. His name will ever be remembered by hun- dreds of his pupils with sincere gratitude and pleasure. During the first 49 years of his residence in Fulneck he Filled many posts of honour and trust in the church ; twice he was called to its service ; for years he was conductor of the choral society, and chief bandmaster. His townsmen also elected him to several public offices, which he discharged faithfully and well. He was connected with the chief improvements of his native place in every • direction for the good of his fellow-men. For 16 years he was the Hon. Secretary of the Literary Union, held in Fulneck, and the papers he read before it deserve to lie more widely known than they have been as yet. In connection with the ("ent. Jubilee celebration, at Fulneck, Mr. Sewell composed a " Cantata," which was performed here on April 21st, 1855, and was well received. In the year 1869 he removed to Ilkley to establish a college for boarders, which for awhile appeared to answer his expecta- tions. Here he served for some years upon the Local Board and the Board of Guardians. During his residence in Ilkley he paid a visit to Italy and had the honour of an introduction, as Grand Master of the Grand United Order of Oddfellows, to the Pope Pius IX., who dismissed him with the remark: I have Ijeen pleased to meet you, — your works of charity and love have preceded you here, — go on in the great work in which you are engaged ; for charity knows no religion, no country, and heaven will assuredly bless you. Farewell. Mr. Sewell not only won the distinction just indicated in connection with his Lodge, but also that of M.A., and many other inferior, though not less honourable, trophies by hi.s. 2S8 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. wonderful energy, talent, and perseverance. Though now much enfeebled by affliction and misfortune, as before said, his mar- vellously active life is declining in quiet, not many yards from where he first drew his breath. The festivals of Fulneck have always been a leading and characteristic feature of the place, and when the work from this centre was more energetic, and its influence more widely spread than it has been during the last half century, these were times of stirring importance which excited a large amount of influence, not only upon the members of the church generally, but also upon those dwelling in the district who were merely observers of their doings. Upon these occasions it was customary for very many to come from Holbeck, Baildon, Wyke, Dudley Hill, Gomersal, Mirfield, Heckmondwike, etc., to join in the sacred services which followed one another at short intervals during the day. Such constant gatherings partook very much of the character of the feasts under the old Jewish economy ; when every Jew, unless incapacitated, was expected to go up to Jerusalem to the Temple Service. Fulneck, from the time of its constitution as a place-congregation, became such a temple to the scattered so- cieties of the Brethren in these quarters, who, like the ancient Israelites, might often be seen wending their way in small parties along most of the roads converging upon their Hill of Zion. These holy pilgrimages — long before stage coaches or railways were thought of — must have tended very much to maintain and strengthen the fraternal feeling among the locally divided members of the church, and to encourage that sympathy and fellowship which was so strong a bond to their political unity. It becomes, indeed, a question whether the excess of this feeling has not degenerated into an evil, and that partial isolation and exclusiveness for which the colony is somewhat known. These festivals may be divided into two classes ; those which are general, or related to the whole community, and those immediately connected with the individual congregation, although even these latter are as universal in their observance as the for- mer. The general festivals — all of which are still sacredly observed, though not in the same degree — are, 1st. Beginning of the Building at Herrnhut, by the first emigrants of Moravia. For June 17th. 2nd. The laying of the Foundation Stone of the first Meeting Hall and Academy at Herrnhut. May 12th 3rd. The Renewal of the Brethren's Church, 1727. Aug. 13. 4th. The Great Awakening among the Children at Herrnhut, Aug. 27th. Sth. Beginning of the Hourly Intercession. Aug. 27th. THE FESTIVALS. 259 6th. First Mission to the Heathen; the Negroes at St. Thomas, W. F. Aug. 22nd. 7th. First Mission to the Heathen in Greenland. Jan. rgth. 8th. Powerful experience in the Unity of the Brethren, that Jesus is the Chief Shepherd and Head of His Church. Sept. l6th and Nov. 13th. The two first of the above relate to their temporal polity, the third to their doctrinal unity, the fourth and eighth to special religious experiences, and the two others to their work in the mission field. The local or congregational festivities arc much more per- sonal and limited in their scope, yet, as above stated, as wide spread in their observance, i.e., wherever there is a congregation to which the individual members can obtain access. For these annual ceremonials the church is divided into what are called "choirs" or bands, all of which, with one exception, are in re- lation to the state of marriage. Thus, there is 1st. The Married Choir — Brethren and Sisters. 2nd. The Single Brethren's Choir. 3rd. The Single Sisters' Choir. 4th. The Widowers' Choir. 5th. The Widows' Choir. 6th. The Children's Choir. In addition even to this large number of special services, there are the local school and chapel anniversaries, and others still more sacred in connection with the birth and death of the Divine Saviour, at Christmas and Easter. And as in reference to the latter, there has been occasion to remark upon the disorderly conduct of the crowds of people who annually assembled to witness the novel ceremonials of the brethren ; it is only fair to add, that the upright and sincere conversation of the one, and the good common sense of the other, at last prevailed to bring about a better state of things. Thus the Diary of 1822 says: " Being Easter Sunday we had, as usual, great crowds flocking to our chapel, who conducted themselves with decorum, and, generally speaking, with devotion." Again, in reference to the Christmas Eve of the same year, we find — Dec. 24th, " The public service this evening was attended by great crowds of attentive hearers ; many who came could not be admitted for want of room. It is pleasing to observe that an improvement, at least in the manners of our neighbours, appears to take place from year to year. On such occasions they now disperse with great quietness and decorum." Surely this is a red mark for Pudsey, 65 years ago, and at a time when it is usually credited with lying in uncivilised darkness ! 26o HISTORY OF PUDSEY. All these festivals partake very much of one character, excepting, perhaps, those of the Sunday Schools and that at Easter, which is preceded by a whole week of special services. As may be readily surmised, the diaries of the place abound with references to their observance, nearly all of which are expressions of gratitude and praise for spiritual blessings, some- times the texts discoursed upon, with brief comments on the sermons, and often with references to the weather as affecting the attendance from the outlying Societies. Very often heavy and continuous snowstorms are noted as preventing the move- ments of the people ; and at other times the wind made it dangerous even for the local members to join in the services. Let one extract suffice : — Feby. 2nd, 1822. The wind resembled a hurricane, and rendered it dan- gerous for our brethren and sisters to pass and repass to and from the Chapel, besides tiles and bricks being thrown from roofs and chimnies, especially at the .Single Brethren's House, a high chimney on the house of Brother and Sister Jowett fell about n o'clock at night, broke through the roof under which they slept, and spread a great number of bricks on the public road, which must have occasioned the loss of life if it had happened at a time when persons passed that way. 'I'he torrents of rain at the same time were such, that when Brother Reichel, on the following day, was on his way to Baildon, there to preach, he could proceed no farther than Shipley, the whole valley of the River Aire being inundated. The observance of the Festival days mostly commences with a short early service, which is followed by an ordinary one and address. Then there is often a lovefeast, succeeded by an evening service, and mostly the Holy Communion. There are also particular matters connected with each choir, which are introduced in their order, and which serve to vary the general routine. There is, moreover, one thing which, perhaps, charac- terises these solemnities more than anything else, viz., the passing round of a loving cup, or, as it is termed, " The Cup of Praise," when the whole choir, or congregation of members, stands, and, joining hands, passes the cup from one to another, each, as he or she receives it, at the same time making a solemn promise to be wholly the Lord's. Two or three notes from the records will convey a sufficiently good impression of the whole of these high days, and also introduce a few names of those belonging to the Society at that period, 1818 : — April 19th. Friday being the Anniversary of the Fulneck Congregation, and the weather being fine, there was a good attendance of our brethren and sisters. Eleven persons at their earnest request were joined to our Society. The two married, pairs, James and Ann Wood, Joseph and Elizabeth Waterhouse ; the two men, Robert Hall and James Walker ; the widow woman Klizaljeth Clark, and the three girls, Mary Proctor, Mary Webster, and .Sarah Wilson. The married man William Stowe, junr., was also readmitted to the Society. THE CENTENARY FESTIVAL. 26l May 2ist. The Single Sisters' Choir had a lively and blessed celebration of their festival. The day being fine, there was a good attendance from alt the country congregations. The great girls, Han. Walker, Elizabeth Stanhope, Sar. Nichols, Mary Wood, Eliz, Proctor, and Maria 1 lischke, were received into the Choir. May 31st. The married man John Naylor ; the girls Han. Man, and Sarah Turner, were added to the Society. The married woman .Sarah Cromack and the married man James Bullock, were at the same time solemnly received into the con- gregation. )uly 29th. The two youths Chas. Sharman and Jos. .Stocks* were received into the Choir. A more particular account of the observance of the great Centenary Festival which commemorated the first establishment of the little church at Herrnhut, when Christian David, the great apostle of its new dispensation, struck his axe into the first tree cut down for building a dwelling, with the exclamation from Psalm 84, v. 3, " The sparrow hath found her an house, and the swallow a nest for herself," etc. These words were the theme of a sermon on the i6th of June, 1822, Which treated on the excellency of our religious ordinances, enjoyed for 100 years, with full security under every government in whose dominions we have been planted. In the evening the congregation met for a solemn conclusion of the last century of the revived Brethren's Unity ; a powerful emotion pervaded the whole assembly, and we received manifest proofs that the Lord still owns us as His flock and people. On the following morning, the 17th, the true memorial day — As early as five o'clock we were, by musical instruments, roused from sleep, and then already our distant brethren and sisters began to arrive from various quar- ters. At eight we assembled for the morning blessing ; and at ten an extensive and very affecting narrative was read of the events we commemorated. The meeting was opened and concluded with the singing of some verses composed for the occasion by our brother James Montgomery, in which the congregation joined with uncommon life and spirit. The chapel could scarcely contain the congregation, especially at the Lovefeast, when an ode was sung which was in substance a translation of that which had been composed for the congregation at Herrnhut. Want of room prevented us from admitting, with very few exceptions, any but meml^ers of the congregation. The discourse was held on (jamaliel's words, Acts 5, v. 38-39. That the cause committed to the Brethren's Unity is of God we were most powerfully convinced, by tracing His way with us hitherto. To belong to such a people becomes increasingly dear to us, and at the " Cup of Praise " we covenanted with one accord to be faithful to Him Who hath called us. We can hope, from our experience of this day, that Our .Saviour will grant to our Church a season of revival and renovation. His Spirit was poured upon us from on high, and the celebration of this jubilee will not soon be forgotten. For the purpose of obtaining room in our chapel for these solemnities, the majority of the boarders had been previously dismissed for the midsummer holidays. A very brief account of the origin of some of the first-class Festivals may not be deemed out of place in this short history, especially as but few outside the inner circle of the Moravian community will have any knowledge thereof * Still residing at Fulneck Knd in fairly good health and strength. 262 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. (No. I.) The one referred to above is at the head of the list, and as more than indicated, commemorates the exodus from Fulncck in Moravia of the three or four famihes which, under the direction of Christian David, first settled upon the estate of Count Zinzendorf in Lusatia, where they found a refuge from the persecutions of their enemies, and began the work hereafter described. These persecutions had been maintained during a whole century by the Romish Church, until that of the Brethren and other Protestant professors was almost exterminated, and, by the " craft of their adversaries," had been deprived " of their religious liberty, their chapels, their ministers, and their books." Yet there were many of them left, especially in the little town of Fulneck and the adjacent villages, which had formerly been the parish of the last Bishop of the Moravian Brethren, Amos Comenius. It was on Whit-Sunday, 1722, that C. David made known to a few members of this tormented flock, that he had formed the acquaintance of the young Count, whom he des- cribed as "a genuine follower of the Lord Jesus," and that he had invited them to his estate at Bcrthelsdorf, with a promise of protection. Two brothers, Augus- tus and Jacob Neisser, both cutlers by trade, at once set out with David, who was a carpenter, for the new home accompanied by their wives and children, including twins only three months old, and two orthree young persons besides. They were obliged to take their departure under cover of the night, and without communicating their purpose to any but their most faithful friends. These godly pilgrims arrived at their destination without any mishap, and were welcomed by the steward of the Count, he being away at the time. They were at first lodged in " a lonely and deserted dwelling, which had been erected 70 years before, but never been inhabited." A cow was also given them, " that they might be able to furnish their little ones with milk." A spot being assigned them for their colony, and the trees marked for their use, arrangements In the Woods. DAYS OF PERSECUTION. 263 were at once made to commence clearing and building. " The place which had been chosen was an extremely wild and marshy spot, overgrown with bushes and briers, at the declivity of the hill, called the Hutberg." Is there not here a striking likeness to the site selected by Zinzendorf in Yorkshire for the head- quarters of the Brethren ? Here it was, then, that the three earnest men set to work, and on the 17th of June, 1722, felled the first tree for the first house at Herrnhut, thus commencing a labour full of zeal, trust, and hope, which has been the home of their church, and the glory of its members for more than a century and a half. " This tree was afterwards formed into a pillar, and required as much work and labour as five others, which circumstance led them to many reflectio7is.^' It was the pious steward, Mr. Heitz, who gave the name to the place by which it has ever since been known. This occurred in a letter from him to the Count, on July 8th of the above year. On August 1 2th he wrote : " Yesterday the new building erected on the Lord's Watch (Herrnhut) has been so prosperously finished, that no person engaged in its erection has received the slightest injury." In an article written by him relative to Herrnhut, he says, " We gave to this new place, situated near the Hutberg, the name of Herrnhut {Lords Watch) partly because this name will remind us that the Lord keepeth watch over us as our protector, and partly, also, because it will bring to our daily remembrance our duty to watch and pray continuously." (No. 2.) Meantime the persecution of the Protestants in Bohemia and Moravia, etc., was carried on with increasing bitterness ; for in the year 1724 There arose a great and most violent persecution. All those who even at- tended the meetings were thrown into prison, and the jails being soon filled with prisoners, the rest were confined in stables, or thrown into offensive holes, where some of them nearly perished from suffocation. Others were cast into cellars filled with water, in which they had to remain in a standing posture till they were almost frozen to death. .Some were confined in the very depth of winter in the tower of the castle, to extort from them, through the sufferings they had to endure in consequence of the intense cold, a confession of what books they had, who attended the meetings, etc. .Some were sentenced to hard labour in irons for a series of years ; some, who had made a bold confession of Jesus, remained imprisoned for life, others were transported to distant towns, or had heavy fines imposed upon them. This was particularly the case with the families of Nitschmann and Schneider. The house of one of the former was levelled to the ground because he had lodged a Protestant in the same. Upon one occasion more than 1 50 persons were assembled at the house of David Nitschmann, on Easter Monday of the above year, in the village of Kunewolde, when the Justice of the Peace, with his officers, came furiously into their midst. The 264 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. Brethren, however, so far from being alarmed or taking to flight, commenced at once, with a loud voice, to sing that verse of Luther's, And if the world with devils swarmed, And threatened us to swallow, We're not afraid, for we are armed. And victory must follow. When the Justice commanded them to be silent, they re- peated the verse once and again, which threw him into such a state of perplexity that he flung down the books he had seized, in haste, and departed without executing his purpose. And this was only during the first half of the last century, in the centre of Europe, in the dominions of enlightened and powerful Austria. Is not the beast with the seven heads the same ravenous and cruel creature in all places, and at all times, except when awed by superior forces, or restrained by a tiger-like lurking policy? Oh, that men would dispassionately read, mark, and learn what history so plainly teaches, and not be deluded by false charity, or a political war cry, to place those religious and other privileges won for us by the blood of our martj'red ancestors, in jeopardy ! Rome is Rome all the world over ; the same yesterday, to-day, and for as long as God shall permit her to bear her iron sceptre, and wear her triple crown ; whether in her own naked hideousness, or the snowy plumes of a celestial form. From this bloodthirsty tyranny others at this time were driven to forsake their kindred, country, and possessions — for some of them were "sons of opulent parents," — and go forth not knowing whither. A party started on this sad pilgrimage at ten o'clock at night, on May 2nd, 1724, and, that they might "not be overtaken by those who might possibly be sent to pursue them, travelled across a pathless mountain toward Silecia." On the 1 2th they arrived at Herrnhut, where they were received by their old friends With uncommon demonstrations of joy ; but the room for dwelling and lodging was extremely small, there being as yet but one of the houses finished, and of that only the lower story. This was the day appointed for laying the foundation stone of that large building, which was intended by the Count, and his friends united with him, to be an academy for the young nobility, and to be employed moreover for other general and useful purposes ; and in which a large saloon was appropriated hereafter for the meetings of the congregation at Herrnhut. Baron Frederic de Watteville, who was one of Zinzendorfs most devoted friends and coadjutors, and whose succes.sor, Jo- hannes, is mentioned often in connection with our Fulneck, resided at this time in the humble dwelling of the Brethren. On this important occasion he had, " from the earliest dawn of the MEMORIAL CELEBRATIONS. 265 day been in an extraordinary frame of devotion, and to show- how utterly he had renounced the world, " placed under the foundation-stone all the jewels and costly things which were yet in his possession." The Count's discourse and de Wattcville's prayer and devotion produced upon the minds of the new emigrants The full conviction that this was the place where their foot might rest. They had quitted their country with their staff in hand, with a view to seek a place of rest for themselves, and for those of their acquaintance, who, like them, could resolve to forsake all their possessions in order to enjoy liberty of conscience. Now they had found what far exceeded their expectations, and here they therefore erected their tents. It may be proper here to mention that the grandfather of the then Count, — Erasmus, Count de Zinzendorf, — had himself " emigrated from Austria for the sake of the Gospel, and left all his estates behind him." Others, arriving shortly after at the place, were employed as masons, stone-cutters, carpenters, joiners, glaziers, potters, or assistant labourers ; so that the Academy and Hall was opened during the following year. On the second anniversary of the stone-laying. May 12th, 1726, "the pupils were solemnly as- sembled in remembrance of Lady de Gersdorf, grandmother to Zinzendorf, who had departed this life the 6th of March, on which occasion they delivered orations in the Latin, German, French, and Polish languages." The celebration of this festival is thus referred to in the Fulneck Diary for 1 8 1 8 : — May I2th. We took notice of the various events which render this day so im- portant in the Brethren's Unity ; and more especially of that which makes it annually a day of particular blessing to the congregation at Herrnhut, the first of the renewed Brethren's Church, and the germ whence all the rest have proceeded. It. would be extending this little history very much beyond its scope were we to enter into all the particulars of the causes which have given rise to these memorial celebrations, more especially as they are in fact a history of the Church, and bear no direct relation to Fulneck, only as an important branch of that tree at whose roots they lie. (No. 3.) This can be but very summarily dealt with, and must also suffice as regards this feature of the Brethren's ecclesiastical history. Like most other churches where any latitude has been given to individual opinion, this had soon to lament over a strong disposition on the part of many to introduce other forms and doctrines than those to which they had already subscribed. Some of these, men of mark, piety, and influence, became infected with the peculiar doctrine of Calvin, MM 266 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. and wrought with so much success that almost the whole community was drawn away from the truth as held by their fathers. Matters indeed arrived at such a pitch that it seemed more than probable the little colony would again become scattered, or at best divided into sects. Many means were tried to avert this evil, but apparently without avail ; counsel, entreaty, and prayer, were alike without effect ; the leaders declared their purpose rather to go again, with staff in hand, to seek another home than to allow their new convictions to be brought under any restraint. All this was matter of intense grief to the young and pious Count, who had done so much to promote the happiness and comfort of these strangers upon his estate, not, as he says, that a new town might be founded, but that it should be a congrega- tion for the Lord. By great patience, however, combined with consummate tact, and no small amount of humility, he succeeded so far in winning back the malcontents that the breach was healed ; a constitution of liberal statutes drawn up and con- firmed ; twelve elders elected by lot ; the Count appointed warden or general overseer, with the Baron de Watteville as his assistant ; all the other offices " were filled anew, and Brethren and Sisters were respectively chosen in the same manner as the choice of the twelve Elders had been effected." This custom was also carried still further, for when the Elders in their Conferences failed to agree on any matter, it was referred to the Count " to give the decision by the use of the lot." Thus, as a contemporary records, the spirit of our fathers " came again upon us, and great signs and wonders were wrought among the Brethren in those days, and great grace prevailed among us, and in the whole country. This is the re-union of the United Brethren." These must be accepted as indicating the character and source of the whole, and are given that it may be seen from whence they have come, and with what purpose they are so religiously observed, not alone at Fulneck, but wherever the Church extends. The decision by lot, just referred to, is one of the peculiarities of the Fulneck community, and as such has often been a subject of curiosity to those without the pale. It is stated in the above instance to have been called into use for the election of officers, and the settlement of differences. There were also other occasions when this peculiar method of procedure was adopted, such as the selection of persons for the mission work, THE HOME LIFE. 26/ and other extraordinary purposes, and not infrequently for partnership in marriage. VVhatcver may be said for or against the practice, it cannot be denied that the Brethren had scripture warrant for its use ; while the whole significance of it in their hands, was a testimony of their absolute consecration to God, reserving no will of their own, but leaving the whole disposing thereof with the Lord. It may then be taken for granted, that it was always resorted to with the greatest reverence and awe, and after much prayer for the divine interposition, the result being ever taken with humility and an assurance of the Lord's will. It may be added that this solemn practice is less seldom called into requisition now than formerly. Another distinctive feature of the Brethren is the Pedelavium, or feet washing, which although confined almost exclusively to themselves, as a section of the Christian Church, has a much more positive authority than the former. For did not the God-man wash his disciples' feet ? and did he not say, " Ye ought also to wash one another's feet ?" This injunction is accepted literally by the Moravians. The Fulneck records say, Wednesday, April nth, 1770. At the Pedelavium of the place, we, who were to wash the feet of our Brethren of the Pudsey congregation to-morrow, had our feet washed with the place, and those who washed them were also to be washed with us to-morrow. And on the following day it is noted — At seven in the morning and at five in the evening was read this day's portion of the Acts of the Son of Man, and presently after a suitable discourse and prayer, kneeling, was the Pedelavium for the comniunicants of this congregation, and for those of the place who had washed their fellow members yesterday. Just another quotation to show the importance attached to this ceremony, as a matter of conscience and holy obedience. Feby. 28th, 177S. Br. Saml. Fowler, a widdower, had the " foot-washing " previous to his going to the holy communion to-morrow, as he had exempit himself from it for many years through unprofitable reasoning. A few incidents selected from many which are recorded, will give some little insight into the home life of the period, and help to show that notwithstanding all the great changes of this century, the daily life of our fathers was not materially different to what it is at present. Thus, Oct. 5th, 1775. A few days ago one of our communicant Brothers experienced a particular preservation ; he works in the coal mines, and came out of the pit, and, contrary to his usual custom, ran directly under a hedge to put on his clothes, and no sooner had he left the pit but it tumbled together. Oct. 23rd. Br. Willey went to see Grace Hartley in our Society, whose husband, a cloth maker, went to Leeds market on the 17th instant, and has not been heard of since, which is a great trouble to his wife, who thinks he's fallen into the river and drowned. Nov. 29th. Br. John Tordoff gat very much hurt yesterday in a 268 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. coal-pit, and it was a great wonder to every one that knew it that (he) was not kill'd on the spot, because a stone of more than a pack weight fell from the top of the pit more than 20 yeards deep, where he was in the bottom, and it fell upon him . Oct. loth, 1780. I went a good round to visit the sick ; this visit was more agreable to the sick than to my poor old legs. (13r. Gussenbaur.) We fear that the following note would not apply to many horse-dealers of the present day. July 3rd, 1782. The corpse of the widower, Br. John Hinchcliffe, was interred at Fulneck, and as he was a man much known (for he has followed many years the trade of going to fares and markets to buy and sell horses), and also a man much belov'd, there were a large number of people attended his corpse to their resting place. There were people from Leeds, Bradford, Halifax, and all round about. We have lost in him an excellent Committee Br., and a Br. who helped much in our out- ward matters. The part taken by the Fulneck congregation in the mission enterprise, demands a larger notice than can possibly be given to it in this brief sketch. It will have been observed that two of the general festivals relate to this important section of Moravian activity, and Fulneck has not been behind any of its fellows in doing what it could to maintain and extend this noble campaign. Besides which, its situation so near to the centre of England, made it a convenient " house of call " for those who were passing to or from the Continent in connection with the various fields of labour, so that at one time or another it has lodged nearly every person of distinction who has been set apart for this wide sphere of Christian charity and self-denial. It is a pleasing reflection, when one enters the precincts of the village, to feel we are treading where so many holy ones have trodden in the generations before us. Men who have gone forth as " ministering angels " to the ends of the earth, " bearing precious seed," or who have returned therefrom " bringing their sheaves with them." Unknown and unheeded they passed by the doors of the many, but once at Fulneck they were welcomed with heart and voice, or dismissed with the Cup of Praise ; thus — Feby. 26th, 1773. Late at night was the Cup of Covenant (Praise) with dear Br. Meder, who sets out in the morning for London and Antigua. And again, Jany. 15th., 1777. The day was concluded in the Hall with the Cup of Praise with our dear Brn. and Sts. bound for St. Kitts, who are to set out to-morrow, . . . .he people felt a good deal at parting with them from this place, especially Br. and Sr. Birkby. The principal stations occupied by the Brethren have been, and still are, amongst the lowest and most needy tribes of the human family. This has been the policy of their Church from the beginning. MISSION ENTERPRISE. 269- As early as the year 17 15 Count Zinzendorf, while yet at the Academy at Halle, had entered into a covenant with the friend of his youth, Fred de Watteville, to establish Missions, especially among those heathen tribes which were totally neglected by others. As the outcome of thi.s resolve they first started to labour among the degraded negroes employed upon our sugar planta- tions in St. Thomas's, and afterwards in the other islands of the West Indies. Their next step was to Greenland, where they have done much good among the Esquimaux and other tribes in that most inhospitable region. They have also taken ground at the very antipodes of this northern climate, and for genera- tions past have scattered the gospel seed, and taught the blessings of civilized life to the Hottentots and Bosjesmans of Southern Africa. Thus, at a meeting at Fulneck, April i8th, 1768, the Rev. B. La Trobe stated, that since the " settling " of the place 13 years previously — It had yielded 20 servants'and handmaids who had gone from it to be employed actually in our service, and that Saml. Isles, one of them, had been the Apostle of the Blacks in Antego ; and William Balmforth, another of them, was now, with much diligence and success, employed to carry forward the work of the Lord in Island (Iceland?). Sep. 24th, 1769. In the afternoon was the General Meeting where Jws^/ ac- counts were communicated from the congregations among the Heathen. 1812. Br. and Sr. Kleinschmidt and family on their way from Greenland are compelled, on account of the war, to winter in Fulneck. 1846. Br. J. G. Herman, a member of the Unity's Elders' Conference, visits Fulneck, previous to setting out with Br. W. Mallalieu on a visitation of our Missions in the West Indies ; and calls on his return (1847) with Br. P. H. Goepp, member of the Provincial Helpers' Conference of Pennsylvania. Nor were the labours of the Brethren unobserved or un- appreciated by other sections of the Christian church in this district. A very unusual illustration of this is found in the note following, which occurs more than fifty years later. Br. Ramftler was invited by some Christian friends, at Leeds, to explain at a meeting, convened for the purpose, the nature, progress, and management of our Missions, which was done this day, and led to the formation of a committee con- sisting of 12 gentlemen, who undertook to use their best efforts for raising subscriptions and donations among their fellow-townsmen for the support of our Missions. This, and other similar instances of Christian benevolence and liberality, are to be more gratefully acknowledged by us, because the several denominations of Christians have now Missions of their own, which are generously supported by them. It is gratifying to know that this same spirit is still active in Leeds, being fostered principally by Miss Baines (a daughter of Sir Edward Baines), and that only two or three years ago a similar meeting was held in the Mayor's rooms, at the Town Hall, under the presidency of the then Mayor, Mr. Alderman Edwin Woodhouse, promoted chiefly by Canon Jackson, who has manifested much interest in the Church of the Brethren. 270 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. That the people of Fulneck did not fail in this part of their own duty is evidenced by the fact that an entry in the Diary, four years previously, says, " Two Sermons were preached on behalf of our Missions. The collections amounted to nearly ;^40." This godly charity has been well maintained by the com- munity to the present day, and the Missions in operation by the Church are not the least of the works by which it is honoured, and which still preserve to it no small degree of the glory of " the former days." In April, 1822, a Ladies' Bible Association was formed for the township of Pudsey, with the co-operation of Fulneck. It has been before remarked that the polity of the Moravian and Methodist churches is very closely allied. Another instance of this may be noted in reference to the Synods of the one and the Conferences of the other. These periodical gatherings in the Brethren's Church are, so far as this country is concerned, quite supreme as a legislative assembly, but have not power over any doctrinal, or radical form of church government. Several of these important meetings, which are termed Provincial Synods, have been held at Fulneck, the first of which was in 1750, attended by de Watteville, Boehler, Nitchman (from Herrnhut), Abraham Taylor, etc. Descending to more modern times, one was held here in 1868, presided over by the venerable and Rev. Benjamin Seifferth, who had occupied the same position in the six previous Synods, and who, although present at the one fol- lowing, had to decline the honour on account of the infirmities of old age. At this meeting Robert Willey and Frederick La Trobe were ordained Presbyters, and others to the Order of Deacons, by the Rev. J as. La Trobe. The next was in June and July, 1871, presided over by Jas. La Trobe, and attended by 56 representatives. The time occupied by the business and services is usually about a fortnight. At the following one, 1874, the Rev. W. Taylor was Presi- dent. At this Conference the Rev. W. Hassc was consecrated a Bishop by Bishop Jas. La Trobe, assisted by two others of the same dignity. Of the meeting it is recorded : " It has been distinguished by harmony and good feeling throughout ; more- over, many excellent measures for the good of the church and our congregation have been devised." Fulneck was further honoured with this solemn gathering in the years 1883-6. Synods were also held here in 1795, 1835, 1853, and 1856. Nothing has yet been said in relation to the oeconomy of the Single Sisters, except as regards the building of their house. The €arly records of the place say. THE SINGLE SISTERS. 271 That the first company of Single Sisters associated together at Low-house, but finding it too difficult to get their living here, they removed to Chapeltown in Pudsey. The chief aim of these CEconomies was to be as much as possible out of the way of temptation, to enjoy hearts' fellowship, and to have better opportunity for attending the meetings. There was also a dwelling for the Sisters at Holme, a little higher up the valley. They had been removed there on account of the crowded state of the house at Fulneck, but, as previously indicated, their residence was made intolerable by the action of the owner of the Tong estates, so that they were compelled to emigrate to Pudsey, into a large house at Littlemoor, now the residence of Mr. Geo. Minings. This house was consecrated for their use, Nov. 28th, 1767, by "Our dear Br. Petrus (Boehler) with a lovefeast, and we all wished them much blessing." In- teresting is the following as a combination of the social and the spiritual : — Feby. 24th, 1777. Br. and Sr. Coldwell (the newly appointed labourers at Pudsey) and .Sr. Sally Bryant, spent the afternoon with the Single Srs. at Little- moor, to mutual satisfaction ; and drank tea altogether by way of a lovefeast, to- make them welcome to this their Plan in Pudsey. The next refers to the anniversary of their entering the house, when Br. Coldwell again visited and dined with them, " as it was their going day about 1 1 years ago." At the following annual celebration we have " The S. Sisters in Littlemoor CEconomy had a lovefeast, as this was the day, 12 years ago, when they came to live there." They were subsequently all aggregated at Fulneck. Although but little has been said in reference to the female portion of the settlement, it is only because it has taken a second- ary part in the spiritual and social activities of the place. They — the females — have not been idle nuns, wasting their time in mere sentimental contemplation or devotion, but hard-working, pious, devoted women, consecrating themselves as fully, and, in their sphere, as usefully, as their male brethren. In the work of education there have been some of high intellect, and members of the noblest families in their Church ; while in their choirs they have laboured persistently and with great success, by the needle and otherwise, for the welfare of the community at home and abroad. It would not be possible to say how many have renounced friends, country, and almost all the comforts of life, for the inhospitable, and often fatal regions in which the missionaries were selected to labour. And whatever praise may be given to their more robust co-labourers, they, as the weaker vessels, are 272 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. deserving of more especial honour, who, so far as they were per- mitted, have emphasised the zeal and devotedness of their sterner companions. At present both the Single Sisters' and the Widows' houses are fully occupied, but the Diaconies being long since given up, the industrial activity of the choirs is less apparent, and probably confined within more personal and semi-domestic limits. One might well imagine that those whom these buildings are intended to accommodate, could not possibly desire a more quiet, har- monious, and perfect refuge from worldly storms than is to be found in the quaint interiors and beautiful surroundings of their peaceful abodes. Of the ministers and congregation-helpers (these last were general superintendents of all the Societies in the district, and ex-officio presidents of all choir and other meetings) but little has been related, nor will it be possible to do more than mention the names of a few, this being but a sketch and not a history of the place. The Count Donha occupied this post in 1768, and in the following year attended the Synod at Marienborm. 1788, the Rev. John Miller was the minister, succeeded in 1791 by Stein- haur, already mentioned. I797, Rev. John Hartley honourably fulfilled the duties, followed, 1801, by Rev. Saml. Benade, a man of some eminence. 1813, C, F. Ramftler held the appointment for some years. Holmes, Wilson, Smith, Essex, and Edwards, succeeded during the following years to 1852, when the Rev. J. P. Libby received this high and sacred call. This gentleman held the office for 13 years, during which time he earned the respect and reverence which were due to his personal merits as well as his holy calling. He died at a ripe old age in 1865, and was buried in the ground at Fulneck. The Rev. Godfrey Clemens was the next in order, being ordained to this place in the same year, where he remained until his removal to London in i88i,thus discharging the multifarious duties of the ministry here for 16 years. Perhaps it would not be saying too much, to state that no predecessor of his at Ful- neck ever succeeded to a greater extent in gaining the goodwill and respect of the neighbouring churches than he. His kindly, gentle, unassuming manners, favourably impressed all with whom he came in contact ; and not infrequently was he requested to take part in the religious services of other denomi- nations in the township. His tall, slender figure, and general REV. GODFREY CLEMENS. 273 Christian deportment, are remembered by many ; neither will the meek yet earnest accents of his slightly toned foreign tongue be forgotten by the present generation. He carried the savour of his Master's spirit into all the outer acts of his life. Yet if all be true we have heard, there was a vein of quiet humour within him, like the thin white layer of the onyx. Thus it is said that at a religious meeting over which he was presiding, Rev. Godfrey Clemens. a good Methodist, formerly well-known and much esteemed in this neighbourhood for his piety and zeal — was present, who could not restrain his usual exclamations of Amen ! Glory, etc. The good minister bore this strange interruption patiently for a while, but at last was constrained to interpose by saying, in his own quiet way, " If our good brother is poorly he had better go out." NN 274 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. He was born in South Africa, May ist, 1818, his father having gone to that mission field with the Rev. C. I. La Trobe, in 181 5. He was the third of the name, his grandfather and great grandfather, both called Gothfried, or Godfrey, being dis- tinguished members of the Brethren's Church during the previous 80 years. After an early training at home, where he was " a good child," he was sent in 1825 with his older brother to Europe for education. Their destination was in Saxony, and here he stayed for five years, being then removed to a more important academy at Nisky, where he pursued his studies till 1836. His first visit to Fulneck was at Christmas, 1839. It was eight years later when he received a call to Fulneck as Brethren's labourer, and in the following year he was chosen to represent the Congregation at the General Synod of the Brethren's Church. His labour for this time terminated at the end of three years. It was here, however, that he was ordained a Presbyter by Bishop Rogers, July 3rd, 1853. After appointments at Baildon, Wyke, and Dublin, he came to Fulneck, as stated, in 1865, being greatly encouraged in doing so by " the manifestations of brotherly love and Christian regard for Br. and Sr. Libby, who served Fulneck in the gospel, for the past 13 years." Having been elected a member of the Provincial Elders' Conference in 1 881, he removed to London. "A special valedictory tea party and public meeting were held in Fulneck on Monday, Oct. loth, and a handsome presentation was made to him and Sr. Clemens." His health, however, had been gradually declining, and not long after his arrival in London utterly broke down. When told that his end was near, he calmly replied " I am ready," and departed " to be with Christ," March 15th, 1882. A full and interesting account of his life is published in a tract by Messrs. Hazell and Co., London. The Rev. J. Baxter is the present esteemed minister of the Congregation, he having succeeded Mr. Clemens in 1881. It would be impertinent further to remark, than that the high character of the Fulneck ministry is fully upheld in his hands, and that his own personality is not likely to take anything from the halo of pure light which encircles the memory of his pre- decessors. The last of these brief notices shall be that of a man in quite another walk of life, who although holding a professional appoint- ment in the congregation was neither minister,director,nor teacher. We refer to the late Dr. Falcon, a man who for many years went JAMES MONTGOMERY. 275 about, day and night, doing good. His plain unpretentious person was as well known at this end of the township as that of anyone in the place ; and his services were as promptly rendered at the call of the humble, as in the homes of the well-to-do. Unosten- tatious to a fault, he was kindly and generous to the patients who needed his sympathy, while perchance somewhat abrupt with others. He did not marry until quite late in life, July 13th, 1871, and a few years after removed from here to Boden, the home of his childhood, where he died, leaving two children ; his wife having only a brief time before preceded him to the grave. James Montgomery. Quite a host of eminent and distinguished men have in one way^or other been in contact with Fulneck ; many have already been named : — James Montgomery, the son of a missionary, was educated there. His patriotic spirit, his poetic talents, and his powers as a journalist, won him a name which was known and admired to the ends of the earth. The author of this little history has often seen his rather diminutive figure, enveloped in a long Spanish cloak, in the streets of Sheffield, more than 30 years ago. 2/6 HISTORY OF PUDSEY. His poem on prayer is a iiousehold word, and can never die while the soul of man recognises its dependence upon God. Although of a true catholic spirit, his heart was bound to this hallowed spot, nor did he fail on many occasions to visit and take part in the occasional services of the congregation of which he continued a member, even when residing so far away. Edwin Atherstone and John Edwards were also educated here, both of them poets of no mean repute. Among the visitors have been the celebrated Dr. Chalmers ; the renowned and eminent philanthropist, Wilberforce ; the great champion of the factory children, Richard Oastler, who was a pupil in the school, and was present as a speaker at the Cent. Jubilee in 1855. This honourable list might be much extended, but it is sufficient to indicate the scope and results of the school training, and also the wide-spread interest that is felt far beyond the limits of the settlement in its old and influential economy. It is mentioned in the early part of this sketch that the Brethren were accused of disloyalty, let us justify them by one or two extracts from their Diaries — June 4th, 1818. We remembered also in our prayers our aged and venerable King (George III.), who to day has completed his 80th year. Again, Dec. 8th, 1 818. This being the day appointed f^r the interment of our late Queen, whose decease took place the 7th ult., we met at 7 in the chapel to express our sympathy with the Royal Family ; and to apply the mournful subject to serious meditations on our mortality. One of the periodic seasons of distress in Ireland arising from the potato disease is referred to in the following, and helps to illustrate how far the natives of that country have been oppressed by their Saxon neighbours. July 14th, 1822. After the public service, the present distresses of the Irish peasantry, which have chiefly arisen from the failure of two potatoe crops, and have reduced many thousands to a state of starvation, were commended to the charitable consideration of the congregation ; and on the following day a collection was made, in this view, by application from house to house. The voluntary contributions in all parts of England for this purpose already amount to between two and three hundred thousand pounds. While these sheets are passing through the press a service of much interest has just taken place in that hallowed sanctuary which has witnessed so many during the 140 years of its existence. On Sunday evening, May ist, 1887, the chapel was filled with a reverent and mixed audience, — many members of the congre- gations in the town being present, to witness the ceremony of ordination, administered by the venerable Bishop England, who conducted the whole service, and delivered the charge. The text was appropriate, " And daily in the temple, and in every ORDINATION SERVICE. 277 house they ceased not to teach and to preach the Lord Jesus." The address was delivered with much unction and force, and evidently with a deep sense of the responsibility attached to the work of the ministry. At the conclusion of the charge, which was given from a chair below the pulpit, the Bishop, who wore a long white surplice, advanced, and laying his hands successively upon the heads of the candidates, pronounced over each the form of ordination. The subjects were three in number : — the first, the Rev. Frederick Clemens, son of the late G. Clemens ; he al.so wore a white surplice, and was now ordained a presbyter in the Church, the Bishop saying over him, "I ordain thee Frederick Clemens to be a presbyter in the Church of the United Brethren, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost," etc. Mr. Clemens has laboured for several years in the West Indies, and is shortly to return thither ; having been recently appointed a member of the Board of Directors for those islands. There were two others who, in ordinary dress, were, in exactly the same manner, bowing themselves under the hands of the Bishop, inducted into the office of Deacons : the only variation being that the word deacon was used instead of presbyter. The names of these two were, Paul A. Assmussen, and Henry England a son of the Bishop's. A short anthem, with the congregation kneeling, and a verse or two sung standing, with the ordinary benediction, concluded this most interesting and profitable service. APPENDICES. PUDSEY BILL OF HEARTHS, 1666. PUDSEY LAND TAX, 1704. OWNERS OF LAND IN PUDSEY. CHURCH AND CHAPEL WARDENS FOR PUDSEY OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. SURVEYORS OF THE HIGHWAYS FOR PUDSEY. INVENTORY OF WILDEN'S GOODS. ^ i^w^m:mmwM. l^M^^^^^^^ APPENDIX I. Lay Subsidies. Yorkshire, W.R. No. 210 and 394. Com. Ebord. Hearth Tax. West rideing. Mr. Copley's booke witth 3 more to bee returned .... The names of the persons, with the number of their Harths for Lady Day, 1666, within the Weapontake of Agbrigg and Morley. PuDSEY Bill of Harths. Folio 61. H. Robart Milner 5 Mich, ffenton I James Saile .. 7 John Ward 2 Joseph Holdsworth 2 Thom. Mitchell .. I UxorHoldsworth I John Gaunt 2 Thorn. Huthinson 2 John Gaunt, junior I Abra. Hutchinson 2 Dan. Gaunt I Hump. Hutchinson ... I Thom. Baines ... I James Pooley I Henry Belhouse .. 2 Willm. Wilson 4 Willm. Hey ... 2 WiUm. Child I Jerem. Crabtree 2 Rich. Lee 2 John Galloway... 2 Uxor Whittaker I Thom. Musgrave I Gabriell Dodgson I Sam. Lumby ... 2 John Dighton I Willm. Wise ... I Ffranc Walker I Sam. Calverley... 2 Robt. Lumby ... I Willm. Smith ... I Willm. Jenkinson ... 2 Rich. Gaunt .. 2 Willm. Stables ... I Rich. Lobley ... ■■ 4 Willm. Atkinson 4 Sam. Gaunt I John Wilson 2 Chri. Whitley ... I Timoth. Calverley I Willm. Lumby... 2 Steph. Wain Wright I James Gaunt ... I Thom. Buterfield 2 John Townes ... 1 Thom. Bean .. I James Lepton ... I John Lee : Rich, ffether ... 2 Uxor Chapman 2 Willm. Hall ... .. 2 Rich. Crossley I Thom. Turner ... .. I 28o APPENDIX. H. H. Mich. Ryley I Willm. Moore I Chr. Carter I Abra. Hainsworth .. 2 Edw. Hinchliffe . 2 John Netleton I Jerom. Dighton . 1 Henry Netleton .. 2 Rich. Jenkinson . 4 Dorathy Gaunt I Uxor Gargrave I Abra. Handworth . I John Lee . I Willm. Moss - 3 John Smith . 3 Robt. Burnell 2 Elkanah Wales . 4 Uxor. Hurst I Willm. Gallaway . 2 Thom. Siser 2 Edw. Smith . 2 Robt. Sugden .. I Sam. Goodall . 2 Tim. Elsworth 3 Josh. Lumby ... . 2 Willm. Wainewright I Thirston Wilden . 2 Joseph Bower ... .. 2 Henry Akeroyde . 2 Willm. Gelder 2 John Proctor . 2 Thorn. Archer I John Hey . 2 Joseph Thackray I John Goodall . I Willm. Sugden I John Fenton . I John Sharpe I Peter Pigersgill... . I Willm. Lee I "Willm. Rudd I Willm. Lee, jun. I Willm. Lepton... 3 Uxor Ditch I Abra. ffarrer . I Edwa. Dawson I Rich, ffarrer . I Rich. Gaunt I James Pearson . I Rich. Sugden I Robt. Squire . I Edw. Payson I Anth. Alderson I Sam. Stables ... . I 176 APPENDIX II. PUDSEY Land Tax for the year 1704, at 4/- in y^ pound. Mr. John Milner William and John Moss, for Sharp and Shoolabroads James Fenton ... Wm. Hutchinson Abm. do. Michael Riley, for Mr. Walker lands Richard Farrer, for Swaine land John Wilson ... Widow Wilson 6/l, and for Jordan Royds 13/6 Widow Heigham Matthew Moss, for the Hall Royds ... Robert Lumby William Lumby, for Mr. Whittaker land Widow Mosse... John Cromack Matthew Mosse, for Hollingworth land Joseph Pearson, for Mr. M liner's land William Fenton, for Swaine land ... Do. do. and Richard Ingham, for Wilding land William Stables or occupiers o 13 8 £ s. d. 2 14 2 I 3 4 6 6 I 4 I 12 6 I II 4 7 19 7 7 8 12 9 4 7 13 6 I 4 6 16 12 3 3 I 3 II 6 8 6 APPENDIX. 281 John Chapman ; Sarah Mitchel William Farrer, Junr. William Jenkinson and Mr. Eminson, for occupiers Joseph Gant, for Mr. Milner land and for Swaine land Henry Belhouse Widow Smith and William Banks, for Mr. Gibson's land Edward Harrison, for Mr. Gibson land William Lumby, for Gibson land ... Thomas Dean Thomas Buckton Edward Kent, for Mr. Watkinson land and for his owne land John Mitchell Thomas Hollingworth, for Mr. Milbland James Pearson, for the Croft John Lobley John Rudd, for Mr. Milner land and for his owne land ... ... William Farrer, for Mr. Butler land John Gant John Pearson ... James Pearson... Joseph Atkinson Cawtheray Farme James Taylor ... Peter Turner ... .. James Coates ... Samuel and Jerrie Waterworth, for Lepton land Widow Marshall John Hutchinson Joshua 'WTiitley Abraham Hainsworth .. Widow Nettleton Francis Warburton ... William Belhouse Wm. Mosse, for Atkinson house and for his own land ... John Hey and for Mr. Milner land William Whitley John Thornton Jeremiah Raistrick Thomas Hollinworth, for Purdue land Josias Booth ... Occupiers of Musgrave land Robert Burnill Christopher Whitley and Josias Booth John Hey, for his own land Samuel Lumby, for Watson land and for his own land Edward Harrison, for Lepton land Japheth Atkinson for do. George Longley, for Mr. Milner land and for his own William Hollingworth land ... Samuel Hinscliff £, s. d. 4 I 2 9 2 12 3 12 3 14 6 I I 6 6 I 3 6 II 6 12 3 8 6 16 5 6 2 2 12 3 6 4 15 4 13 9 10 4 I 4 7 12 3 2 3 2 3 4 7 9 2 14 3 JS 4 I 4 5 6 6 7 9 2 I 4 I 6 I I I S 4 6 I I I 13 8 9 I 6 2 6 12 I 6 II 3 '3 9 I 7 6 I 5 7 6 7 I 6 16 I 9 I 4 7 3 16 6 I 18 9 00 282 APPENDIX. Japheth Atkinson and William Lumby Robert Hilhouse, for Shay Royds John Lumby, for Mr. Heyland John Jonson, or Occupiers William HoUingworth, for Strickland house Samuel Lumby and Joshua Nailer, for ye Quarrels Occupiers of y= Tithe Samuel Hilhouse Wiiliam Banks... Widow Smith ... John Lumby, for his own land William Lumby, senr. Joshua Lumby Richard Farrer, for his own land and for Christopher Dufton land Richard Farrer, for Bastow Ing and for Kellite land and for Wm. Fenton house William Watson, for Scaubert land Matthew Mosse, for his own land William Lee William Shaw .. Thomas HoUingworth, for Dick Royds Occupiers of Tyrsall Richard Farrer, junr William Lumby, for his own land John Wilson, for Moss land Henry Belhouse and Thomas Buckton, for Mr. Whitaker land William Williamson Mr. Nutter, for his own farm .. Mr. Hutton and Mr. Sharpe, for Eastfield and low ground and for Shay Royds John Gant and William Swaine, for Toby Farrer land William Farrer, for Swain land Do. for ye Over and Nether Ing William Farrer, junr and for Thomas Royds and for Long Close and for Galway land William HoUingworth, for Lepton land John Crombock, for do. Matthew Moss, for Toft James Constantine, or occupier Thomas Banks Timothy Wilson James Hinscliffe, or occupiers James Hain worth Josiah Gant, for Lepton house Mr. Milner, for ye Tithe Matthew Moss, for Snowden Tenement Total Assessors. Richard Farrer, \ John Lobley, ) William Farrer, John Lumby, of Stanningley, £ s. d. I 3 o o 3 8 o IS 4 o 5 6 o 2 o 19 o o 12 o o 2 o o I 6 o 7 6 I II 6 7 6 o IS o o IS lO o 6 I o 2 6 o 4 7 o I 6 o 8 o o 9 o o IS 3 o o 6 o 14 i6 S4 o 4 7 o 6 o o 2 o o 7 6 I o I 14 ID I IS 4 o IS 6 o 7 8 o 7 6 7 6 o lO 6 o 6 o 4 6 o ID 6 I 2 o I 9 o o 4 6 o 3 o o 2 o o I 6 o I o o 3 6 o I 6 o o o o o £lOT, 15 2 ,} Collectors. APPENDIX. APPENDIX III. 283 Owners of Land in Pudsey. In the "Domesday Book," published by Government in 1876, or "A Return of Owners of Land of England and Wales, 1873," appear the names of the following freehold land- owners in Pudsey who own one acre and upwards. The total number of owners of land in the West Riding is 17,417 ; extent of lands, 1,519,119 acres, 3 roods, 13 perches; owners having less than one acre, 59,496; extent of lands, 13,226 acres, i rood, 5 perches; total owners, 76,913. Population in 1871, 1,874,611. Inhabited houses, 391,949 ; number of parishes, 689. Population in Pudsey in 1871, 13,976; area of township in acres, 2,545 acres, 2 roods, 30 perches. Gross Estimated Rental. i. s. d. 760 2 18 O 8 12 O 27 2 O 7 10 O 670 IS IS o II 9 o 800 7 II o 5 16 o 6 13 o 28 12 o 770 770 8 17 o 31 13 o 121 5 o 25 14 o 690 50 2 O 54 o o 31 14 o 17 16 o 29 6 o 300 IS 13 o 430 23 2 o 13 10 o 960 19 II o 94 2 o Name of Owner. Annitage, George Armitage, John Bank [s], Joseph Banks, Thomas Barraclough, John Beaumont, George Beaumont, Henry Beaumont, Joseph Beaumont, Nancy Beer, J. T. Bennet, William . Blackburn, Joseph... Boocock, Emanuel.. Boocock, Isaac Boocock, William . . Boys, Edward Burial Board of Pudsey Butler, Mrs. Butterfield, George Camello, Henry M. Carr, Henry Carter, William Cawthery, Joseph ... Clarkson, William... Clayton, James H. Cooper, Hannah Cooper, Mary Ann Crowther, Ann Crowther, Benjamin Crowther, Hannah Crowther, John Crowther, John B. ... Crowther, Thomas... tent of Lands A. R. p. 2 I 20 I 2 2 37 7 2 23 2 3 7 2 28 5 2 3 3 I 31 3 I 7 2 2 2 I 3 9 2 23 10 2 3 2 3 6 2 3 6 2 2 23 II I 24 7S 6 15 9 2 I 10 20 I 25 2 3 23 9 3 I 10 I 14 9 I 28 I 6 I 12 I 2 21 8 2 3 4 3 37 3 4 6 3 4 34 3 24 284 Name of Owner. Dawson, John ... .. Duckett, Richard ... Dufton, Matthew ... Falcon, John [Thomas], Fulneck Farrar, William Farrar, Charles Farrar, Edwin Farrar, Frederick ... Farrar, John C. Farrar, Joshua Gas Company Gaunt, Charles Gaunt, Joshua Glover, William Goodhall, Thomas... Gott, Henry Graham, Henry John [Rev.] Grayshon, Joseph .. Greenwood, Alfred Harris, John Harris, William ... Hep worth, B. Hepworth, Joshua... Hinchliffe, Nancy ... Hinchliffe, Samuel... Hinings, George ... Hinings, John Asquith Hinings, Joseph Edward Hodgson, J., Exors. Hudson, Richard Huggan, Esther Huggan, William Hutchinson, David Hutchinson, William Jefferson, William Jones, George Andrew Latimer, Thomas Lobley, John, Exors. Lobley, Martha Lumby, George Lumby, William ... Maude, William ... Merritt, Samuel A. Merritt, William ... Mill, AUenbrig „ Claughton Garth „ Gibraltar „ Cliffe ,, Crawshaw „ Priestley „ New Worsted Co. „ Union • „ Waterloo Mortimer, Emanuel Moss, Charles tJTJrXI/X'S UL.^. Gross Extent of Lands. Estimated Rental. A. R. P. £ s. d. 9 2 2 26 5 ... no 10 151 13 I 3 25 4 10 23 I 23 26 18 9 33 15 I 27 3 13 5 I 30 14 19 22 2 12 60 4 3 2 2Q 12 15 S « 31 14 19 5 10 14 8 I 2 7 500 I 336 610 4 3 8 12 18 2 2 27 940 2 5 12 650 40 3 21 171 II 4 3 20 12 14 9 3 23 13 9 3 23 16 9 3 23 16 15 2 9 18 15 17 I 21 20 13 2 I 20 7 IS 4 3 8 13 8 I 2 10 630 4 2 27 13 13 2 I 2 770 7 2 24 49 2 I 31 680 I 350 I 3 20 650 7 I 3" 24 17 ... 17 12 52 II 38 12 80 9 II 10 36 18 3 2 8 10 19 3 3 22 33 3 5 38 13 19 3 I 10 890 8 22 22 14 2 « 3 7 12 3 2 20 10 17 2 2 7 12 4 I 3 II 13 14 2 13 41 3 20 I 18 40 I 5 2 25 22 IS 6 2 10 17 15 14 2 30 45 7 4 2 29 13 4 6 3 23 18 II 4 I 38 12 6 9 3 2' 25 10 I 2 36 4 19 Name of Owner. Moss, George Musgrave, Hannah Musgrave, John Musgrave, William Naylor, David Nelson, W. E. (Fulneck Estate) Newell, James Northrop, Joseph . . Norton, William ... Overseers of the Poor Parkinson, John ... Pearson, Charles ... Peel, Joseph Trustees — Poor Trustees- J. Procter Procter, Mary Procter, Samuel Procter, Thomas ... Eayner, Mary Rayner, Catherine Rayner, Misses Rider, John Ryley, Joseph Salter, Robert Scales, W. D. Schofield, John Scott, George Sharp, Annie Sharp, Emanuel B. Spencer, Ann Spencer, George ... Spencer, Robert ... Spencer, Thomas ... Stead, Thomas Stocks, Joseph Strickland, Adam .. Threapleton, George Threapleton, Mary Tunnicliffe, Esther M. Tunnicliffe, Matthew Varley, Apolmah (Stanningley) Varley, Harold P. „ Varley, Samuel ,, Wade, Mary Wade, Matthew ... Wade, Samuel Wade, William Walker and Huggans Walker, Benjamin ... Walker, John Walker, Joseph Watkinson, James ... Wheater, Ezra Whitfield, John ... Wilcock, Samuel ... APPENDIX. Gross Extent of Lands. Estimated Rental. A. R. P. C s. d. I I 2 4 I 8 2 23 '3 15 3 3 13 8 ID 4 O 2 9 I 3 36 6 8 ii6 3 30 . 285 IS 2 I 14 7 16 2 I II 7 10 2 2 4 8 12 I I I 3 4 3 30 "3 8 I 18 3 4 6 29 II 18 4 3 2 13 6 7 18 16 2 5 lO 2 2 3 7 10 I 3 16 5 II 6 3 >9 3 6 4 19 3 i6 2 27 45 4 30 12 2 3 14 7 17 2 3 13 9 3 2 3 12 9 3 II 37 27 17 2 I 20 7 20 3 28 75 I 3 I 36 11 14 8 3 S 24 3 2 2 28 7 10 3 31 9 8 9 I 19 23 18 8 3 12 6 3 2 18 II 14 3 27 9 10 4 I 9 II I I 2 17 I 27 3 7 2 2 5 8 II 5 3 7 80 16 33 I 36 67 4 95 2 32 277 19 S I 9 14 15 7 2 18 20 10 12 30 36 14 I 16 4 19 8 28 370 10 I 31 3 I I 3 "S S 6 I 2 26 4 12 5 17 II I 2 18 4 II II 10 6i I 10 19 3 286 APPENDIX. Gross Name of Owner. Extent of Land. Estimated Rental. A. R. P. £ s. d. Wilson, Joseph 9 2 25 24 9 Wilson, Rev. R. ... I I 25 350 Womersley, Daniel I I 380 Womersley, George 4 I 30 9 iS Womersley, Henry 27 7 91 5 Womersley, Richard 18 2 15 42 18 Womersley, Richd., Junr. 8 25 17 7 Womersley, William 18 3 16 42 8 APPENDIX IV. Church and Chapel Wardens for Pudsey Township. 1606 John Crosley, Thomas Whitley « • * * * 1608 William Gaunte, James Saill 1609 Wm, ffarrowe, Edwd. Holds- worth, or Wm. Dawson ? 1610 William Lepton ***** 1628 Richard Smith, Wm. Stables, or John Elsworth ? ***** 1633 James Lepton, Edwd. Sizer, or Wm. Denby ***** 1640 Rowland Milner, John Wilson ***** 1663 "Mr. John Smith," "Josua Lumby " 1664 John Nettleton, Thos. Archer 1665 Wm. Jenkinson, Wm. Mosse 1666 John Hey, Thos. Butterfield 1667 Wm. Wilson, Richd. Gaunt 1668 Thos. Hutchinson, Stephen Stout 1669 Samuel Lumby, Thos. Leigh 1670 John Wilson, William Lepton 1671 Richard ffarrer, Thos. Syzer 1672 Thos. Milner, Cuthbert Leigh 1673 Gabriel Dodgson, Daniel Gaunt 1674 Samuel Stables, Thos. Watter- worth 167s Mr. Jno. Purdy, Joshua Lumby 1676 Richd. Lobley, Wm. Atkinson 1677 Wm. Rudd, Robert Lumby 1678 Jeremiah Crabtree, Jno. Wilson 1679 William Lumby, John Kent 1680 James Pierson, Jonas Bower 1 68 1 Wm. Hall, Abm. Hutchinson 1682 Jose Holdsworth, Stephen Stoute 1683 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 Abm. Hainsworth, Jonathan Crowder ***** Edward Kent, Wm. ffarrer Samuel Lumby, William Lee John Smith, Jere. Wilson William Mosse, William Child Thomas Lee, William ffarrow Joshua Lumby, John Bower William Lumby, Ed. Harrison Joshua Lumby, John Cromack John Hey, jun., William ffarrer 1701 Jno. Hutchinson, Richd. Sugden ***** 1709 William Banks, Samuel Hillas 1 7 10 John Holdsworth, Ric. Farrer 1711 Henry Hillas, Abm. Hutchinson 1712 Henry Sugden, Richard Lee 1 713 Samuel ffarrer, Wm. Swaine 1714 Josh. Rayner, Jno. Hutchinson 1715 Wm. Atkinson, Wm. ffarrer 1716 Wm. Atkinson, Joshua Sugden 1 717 Henry Bellas, Jeremy .Scott 1718 Samuel Hillas, James Taylor 1 719 Samuel Hillas, James Taylor ***** 1 721 William Banks, Samuel Mosse 1722 Benj. ffarrer, Thomas Dean, or John Gill ***** 1 745 Samuel Moss, Joshua Farrer ***** 1 754 John Farrer, John Hartley ***** 1767 Saml. Hinchliffe, J. Pearson 1 76S Wm. Boys, John Brooksbank ***** 1771 Wm. Moss, T. Johnson APPENDIX. 287 1772 John Carr, John Newsom 1773 Saml. Cromack, Geo. Langley 1774 John Newsom, John Carr 1775 Benj. Asquith, Richard Moun- tain, Wm. Dodgson 1776 Wm. Munton, Geo. Langley * # # # * 1779 Wm. Dodgson, John Lumby 1780 James Heckler, Saml. Johnson, Jos. Crowther 1 78 1 Jos. Crowther, Saml. Johnson 1 782 John Turner, James Heckler 1783 John Turner, James Heckler 1784 James Heckler, Jonathan Gaunt 1785 James Heckler, Jonathan Gaunt ***** 1787 S. Farrer i'th' Lane, Wm. Dean 1788 Samuel Farrer, Wm. Dean 1789 John Gaunt * # # « » 1 79 1 Samuel Farrer, Samuel Banks 1792 Samuel Farrer, Samuel Banks 1793 Jeremiah Crowther, John Muschamp ***** 1802 John Carr, Joshua Whitfield ***** 1806 Richard Farrer, John Lister 1807 Richard Farrer, John Lister 1808 John Balme, Richard Farrer 1809 Thomas Fairfax Carlisle, John Farrer 1810 Wm. Hodgson, Thomas Banks 181 1 Thos. Banks, John Halliday * # # * * 1814 George Beaumont, J. Drake 1815 John Halliday, George Scott 1816 George Scott, John Webster 181 7 John Webster, John Dean, or George Scott 1818 Benj. Dean, John Webster 1819 Richard Farrer, James Sharp 1820 Richard Farrer, John Balme 1821 Richard Farrer, Josh. Armitage 1822 Joshua Armitage, J. Hutchinson 1823 Jas. Hutchinson, Wm. Denison 1824 Wm. Denison, Wm. Boys 182; Wm. Denison, Wm. Boys 1826 Henry Simons, Robt. Parkinson 1827 Henry Simons, Robt. Parkinson 1828 Henry Simons, Robt. Parkinson 1829 Henry Simons, Robt. Parkinson 1830 Samuel Sharp, John Hutchinson 1 83 1 Samuel .Sharp, Samuel .Scarth 1832 Samuel Sharp, Samuel Scarth 1833 Samuel Sharp, Samuel Scarth 1834 Joseph Rayner,Joseph Musgrave 2835 Joseph Rayner, John Farrer 1836 John Farrer, Wm. Beaumont 1837 John Farrer, Wm. Beaumont 1838 Ric. Fred. Farrer, Edward Binks 1839 Richd. Fred. Farrer, Edward Binks 1840 Benj. Troughton, Wm. Hains- worth 1841 Benj. Troughton, Wm. Hains- worth 1842 John Farrer (Lowtown), Joshua Harrison 1843 Samuel Field, Joseph Walker 1844 John Baker, Samuel Field, and Wm. Hutchinson 1845 John Farrer (Grove House), John Baker 1846 John Parkinson, James Walker 1847 Abm. Armitage, jun., John Halliday 1848 Abm. Armitage, jun., John Halliday 1849 Joseph Banks (Chapeltown),. Thos. Waterhouse 1850 Joseph Banks (Chapeltown), Thos. Waterhouse 1851 John Parkinson, Wm. Huggan 1852 John Rayner, John Crowther 1853 John Rayner, lohn Crowther 1854 Jas. Beaumont, Joseph Rayner 1855 Samuel G. Gamble, Joshua Machill 1856 T. M. Tunnicliffe, Jonathan Clarkson 1857 T. M. Tunnicliffe, Henry Moore 1858 J. H. Mitchell, G. Hainsworth 1859 J. H. Mitchell, G. Hainsworth i860 John Halliday, William Farrer 1861 Wm. Elsworth, John Halliday 1862 Wm. Merritt, Benj. Troughton 1863 Wm. Merritt, Benj. Troughton 1864 Wm. Merritt, Emanl. Boocock 1865 Wm. Elsworth, Emanl. Boocock 1866 James Banks, Joshua Gaunt 1867 James Banks, Joshua Gaunt 1868 W. H. Greaves, John Keenan 1869 John Keenan, W. H. Greaves 1870 Wm. Elsworth, H. Beaumont 1871 Henry Beaumont, Wm. Farrer 1872 Henry Beaumont, Wm. Farrer 1873 Geo. Armitage, Joseph Driver 1874 Geo. Armitage, Joseph Driver 1871; Geo. Armitage, Wm. Maude 1876 Geo. Armitage, Wm. Maude 1877 Geo. Armitage, Wm. Maude 1878 Geo. A. Jones, William Maude 1S79 Geo. A. Jones, D. Armitage 1880 Geo. A.Jones, D. Armitage 1881 Geo. A. Jones, D. Armitage 288 APPENDIX. 1882 Henry Beaumont, J. Booth 1883 Henry Beaumont, J. Booth 1884 Henry Beaumont, J. Newell 18S5 Henry Beaumont, J. H. Dawson 1886 Henry Beaumont, J. H. Dawson 1887 S. Hyland, W. B. Potts APPENDIX V. Overseers of the Poor for Pudsey Township. Rate per £ 1743 B. Gaunt, Thos. Tohnson, Eli. Pearson, To. Elsworth. * » » » * » 1765 Mr. Richard Hey, Mr. Samuel Ingham is. 3d. 1766 Wm. Moss, Wm. Dambrook. 1767 Wm. Whitley, |er. Clififord. 1768 Trist. Moss, J.Lobley. * * * * ' * « 1770 John HoUingworth. 1771 Jno. Radcliffe, Jno. Balme Is. 6d. Is. 3d. 1772 Joseph Lumby, John Atkinson is. lod. 3s. od. •773 James Atkinson, Wm. Dean. '774 John Farrar, Joshua Farrar. 1775 Wm. Walker, Jno. Farrar. 1776 Wm. Farrer, Matthew Farrer. 1777 Richd. Farrer, John Radcliffe. 1778 Saml. Boys, John Beaumont. 1779 Joshua Hargreave, Matthw. Hutchinson. 1780 John Lobley, Wm. Banks. 1781 Thos. PuUan, Benj. Roberts. ■ , 1782 Wm. Dodgson, Jerh. Crowther. 1783 Saml. Farrer " o'th Hall," John Lumby. 1784 Wm. Lumby, Matthew Dufton. 1785 Matthew Dufton. 1786 John Newsom, John Booth. 1787 Joseph Greave, John Cowper. 1788 Richd. Womersley, Jos. Crowther, Jas. Harper. 1 789 Samuel Johnson. ****** 1 79 1 James Harrison, Wm. Grave. 1792 Wm. Cautherey, Joseph Dodgson. 1793 Samuel Hinchliffe, James Harper, Denis Rider. 1794 Wm. Mirfield. 1 795 James Barns. 1796 No entry this year. 1797 James Hutchinson, Wm. Dean, James Harper. 1798 Richard Farrer. 1 799 No entry this year. iSoo Joseph Cooper, John Lobley 1 80 1 Richard Farrer. 1802 Benj. Dean, John Crampton. 1803 Wm. Ellwand, Wm. Dufton. 1804 Jere. Crowther, Wm. Cauthery. 1805 Thos. Rider, Andrew Wade. 1806 Andrew Wade. 1807 Andrew Wade, Joseph Wilkinson. do. do. do. do. do. do. APPENDIX. 289 1808 Wm. Clark, Benj. Seifferth, Jos. Wilkinson. 1809 J. Drake, Henry Carr, Andrew Wade. 1810 Henry Carr, Matthew Hainsworth. 181 1 John Radcliffe, Wm. Stowe (paid). ****** 1814 Wm. Greaves, Willm. Stowe (paid ;^loo). 18 1 5 Jonas Holmes, John Cooper, junr. ; Wm. Stow, collector. 1816 John Boys, Samuel Hinchliffe. 1817 James Hutchinson, Robt. Parkinson. 1818 Wm. Boyes, James Stead. 1819 Benj. Gaunt, John Varley. 1820 Benj. Brook, Thomas Brayshaw; Jno. Hutchinson, ast. 1821 Henry Simons, James Blackburn ; J. Hutchinson, ast. 1822 Wm. Musgrave, James Blackburn ; John Hutchinson, ast. 1823 Jonn. Tordoff, Wm. Farrer ; J. Hutchinson, ast. 1824 Henry Carr, Peter Winsor ; J. Hutchinson, ast. 1825 Wm. Sharpe, John Banks; J. Hutchinson, ast. 6 yrs. 1826 John Farrer, George .Scott. 1827 William Ellwand, Jos. Wilkinson, John Farrar; ast. and coir. pd. ;^5o. 1828 John Halliday, Geo. Brooksbank, John Farrar ; 1829 Peter Hyland, Benj. Braithwaite, John Farrer ; 1830 Saml. Crowther, John Farrar (Lowtown), John Farrer; 1 831 Joshua Armitage, Samuel Lobley, John Farrer. 1832 William Beaumont. Edward Greenwood, John Farrer. 1833 Joseph Cautheray, Abrm. Hutchinson. 1834 William Walton, Benj. Troughton. 1835 John Crowther, William Lister. 1836 John Crampton, John Hinchliffe, sen. 1837 Samuel Sharp, Geo. Glover, senr. 1838 William Denison, John Farrer. 1839 George Beaumont, John Dawson ; Abrm. Hutchinson. 1840 John Farrer, Richard Ellwand ; Abrm. Hutchinson. 1 841 John Farrer (Lowtown), Wm. Boys, Tyersall; Abrm. Hutchinson. 1842 Samuel Field, Isaac Boocock ; Abrm. Hutchinson. 1843 Samuel Sharp, William Hutchinson ; Abrm. Hutchinson. 1844 Wm. Huggan, Samuel Lobley; Ricd. Sutcliffe & John Newell, asts. 1845 Joshua Harrison, Wm. Huggan; Ricd. Sutcliffe & John Newell, asts. 1846 Richd.Womersley (Marsh), Joshua Harrison; Ricd. Sutcliffe & John Newell,asts. 1847 Richd. Womersley, Joshua Harrison. 1848 Richd. Womersley, William Procter. 1849 Richd. Womersley, William Jefferson ; Jos. Newell, collector. 1850 Benj. Wade, James Beaumont ; do. do. i8i;i John Farrar (Grove House), Saml. Varley. 1852 John Farrer, Saml. Varley. 1853 Thompson Farrer, Saml. Gaunt C! amble 1854 Thompson Farrer, Saml. G. Gamble. i8s5 Samuel Sykes, Benj. Troughton. 1856 Samuel Sykes, Benj. Troughton. 1857 Samuel Sykes, Benj. Troughton. 1858 Benj. Troughton, Joseph Banks. l8i;9 James Banks, Wm. Shepherd. i860 James Beaumont, William Haste. 1861 William Huggan, Geo. Hainsworth. 1862 William Huggan, Geo. Hainsworth. 1863 William Huggan, Geo. Hainsworth. 1804 Wm. Huggan, Geo. Hainsworth, James Beaumont. 1865 Wm. Huggan, G. Hainsworth, James Beaumont. 1866 Wm. Huggan, Geo. Hainsworth, Jas. Beaumont. PP 290 APPENDIX. 1867 Wm. Huggan, G. Hainsworth, Jas. Beaumont. 1868 Wm. Huggan, G. Hainsworth, Jas. Beaumont. 1869 Wm. Huggan, Richd. Womersley, Enmnl. Boocock. 1870 Rich. Womersley, Emanl. Boocock, Wm. Dibb Scales. 1871 Emanl. Boocock, Thos. Goodhall, Jos. Blackburn. 1872 Emanl. Boocock, Thos. Goodhall, Jos. Blackburn. 1873 Emanl. Boocock, Jos. Blackburn, Saml. A. Merritt. 1874 Emanl. Boocock, Jos. Blackburn, Saml. A. Merritt. 187s Emanl. Boocock, Jos. Blackburn, Saml. A. Merritt. 1876 Emanl. Boocock, Jos. Blackburn, Saml. A. Merritt. « » » « • * 1879 Emanl. Boocock, Joseph Blackburn, William Huggan. 1880 Emanl. Boocock, Joseph Blackburn, William Huggan. 1881 Emanl. Boocock, William Huggan, John Hyland. 1882 Emanl. Boocock, William Huggan, John Hyland. 1883 Emanl. Boocock, William Huggan, Samuel Armitage. 1884 Emanl. Boocock, William Huggan, Samuel Armitage. 1885 Emanl. Boocock, William Huggan, Samuel Armitage. 1886 William Huggan, Samuel Armitage, John A. Hinings. 1887 William Huggan, Samuel Armitage, John A. Hinings. APPENDIX VI. Surveyors of the Highways for Pudsey Township. 1770 Matthw. Hutchinson, John Hutchinson. 1771 Joshua Town, Joshua Hargreave. 1772 Joshua Town, Joshua Hargreave. 1773 Richd. Farrer, Matthew Farrer. 1774 Richd. Fenton, .Samuel Crowther. 1775 Thos. PuUan, Wm. Banks. 1776 Wm. Moss, Joseph Banks. 1778 Robt. Craven, John Whitfield. 1779 John Whitfield, Matthew Dufton. 17X0 James Hainsworth, Thos. Johnson. 1781 Joshua Hall, John Brooksbank 1782 tonathan Akeroyd, 'ihos. Walker. '* »* * * « 1 784 Wm. Lister, Wm. Whitley. 1 791 Jeremiah Carter, Jas. Hutchinson. 1792 John Balme, John Lobley. 179^ lames Atkinson, James Child. 1801 Samuel Driver, John Pearson. 1805 James Barnes, John Dean. 1806 fames Heckler, John Tunnicliffe. •^» »« » * » l8og George Scott. 181 1 Wm. Cooper, Christr. Halliday. 1814 Samuel Farrer, John Balme. APPENDIX. 291 1815 A Board of seven nominated. 1816 Robert Denison, Joseph Hall. 1817 Wm. Hinings, John Beaumont. 1818 Sam!. Moss, Wm. Lobley. 1819 John Hutchinson, pd., Geo. Scott, John Beaumont. 1820 John Hutchinson, Matthew Hainworth. 1 82 1 Wm. Fearnley, Wm. Robinson, prob. 1822 Jos Wilkinson, Wm. KUwand, John Hutchinson, pd. 1823 John Boys, John Halliday, John Hutchinson, pd. 1824 Thos. Brayshaw, Wm. Beaumont, John Hutchinson, pd. 1825 John Hinchliffe, Saml Sharpe, John Hutchinson, pd. 1826 Richd. Farrar, John Farrer, John Hutchinson, pd. 1827 James Stead, Fredericli Stowe, John Hutchinson, paid £30. 1828 James Cautheray, Matthw. Hainsworth, Jno. Hutchinson, paid ^30. 1829 William Denison, William Beaumont. 1830 James Harrison, John Farrer (Houghside). 1831 John Webster, Jos. Spencer. 1832 Samuel Farrar, John Raistrick. 1833 Wm. Hutchinson, Robt. Parkinson (John Raistrick pd. £iO.) 1834 Samuel Myers, James Cautheray. 1835 Samuel Wilson, James Waterhouse. 1836 Samuel Wilson, James Waterhouse. „ June 20. George Hepworth appointed surveyor at a salary of £^0 per an. Also, a Board of Surv'eyors consisting of ten persons elected. APPENDIX VII. Thomas Wilden's Goods, i68i. An Inventory of all and singular the Goods, Chattells, Debts and Credilts of Thomas Wilden, Late of Pudsey, in the County of York, deceased, prised by Gabriell Dodgson, Edward Wood, Richard Cockeram, Joseph Holdsworth, the Twentie-fift day of October, in the Year of Our Lord One thousand Six hundred Eightie and One. In the House. £ s. d. Imprimis, his purse, and apparell ... i 10 o Item. One Range and paire of Tongs and fire shovell two Jacks one fire pote and paire of Racks and one Spit and Iron pot and a paire ofpot o 13 4 It. One brasse pan three Ladles one Scimer one beefe forke and two prigs .. ... .. ... .. ■■ •■• ■■• ••• 05° It. One Long table and two formes 100 Item. Two Litle white Tables 020 It. Five Chaires and one dozen of Quishings ... 080 Item. One Salt pye and one Little Coffer 006 It. One brasse morter & an iron pestell two stooles one houre glasse & one Lanthorne .. •■• ■•• 020 In the Parlor. Item. One bed with one foot chist with hingers & bedclothes ... 200 Item. One Cubert & thre quishings & one Litle box 100 It. One bright table, one form, two Litle Chists one Chaire & one buffet and one Seing glasse one Range & one paire of Tonges I 10 o Item. One boyder & one Litle hoppet one Litle buffett and one pewter Chamberpot 020 292 APPENDIX. In the Eteing Parlor. £ s. d. Item. One great Chist two Litle Chists and one deske ... ... i lo o Item. One Kiver one .Spining whele & one Lyne whele ... ... o 13 4 It. One Kneading kit one Chime & two Coale baskits ... ... 026 It. Two manudes two scutles and One Tresse .. ... .. .. 026 It. One Anvill or Stithie thre tew Irons & one Vice two great Hammers thre hand hamers two nayleing Hamers & twelve Saits & punches one buttericd fire Shovell & fire pote belonging to the Smithie & thre shooing Hamers in the shooing Hopit about two dozen of Horse shooes & certain nayle wands with other Iron in a Litle Chist foure files two nayle tooles four paire of Tongs and foure ends of Iron and one paire of bellhouse .. 500 In the Butterie. It. One glasse case with eight pewter dishes one dozen an half of Trenchers two pewter cans one candlesticke & Porringer & two salts with a Litle tin can ... ... ... .. ... ... o 16 O It. A brasse morter & a pestell ten milke bowles one butter bowle five stone pots and flowre pots 040 In the Kitchin. Item. Two brasse pots one posnet two paire of brigs one backstone two kits one milkeing kit & a pigin thre stands one barrell three Ingrakes and One brandrie I 10 o In the Chamber. tiem. One great Chist with thre Other Chists one Litle table one forme with thre beds one stroke & one pecke One tub two Knead- ing troughs One bakebord one spitle with One Ringe two paire of Scales with weigh balkes one sacke two paire of Hames a Cart Sadie one Iron backband and Swingle-tree and One Hagney Sadie ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 500 In the Barne. Item. One day worke of Oates ... ... ... ... ... \ It. One mough of Hay & one Harrow .. I It. One beareing barrow one Sledge one paire of hooke seames and I One paire of Hotts & One packe Sadie ] In the Smithie. Item. Two spades one hacke one Ladder one shovell one paire of paniers two grindle stones with handles thre Iron forkes one Ax & one bill one sleeking trough One Litle Chist with certaine peeces of Od Iron ... .. ... ... ... ... ... too Catle about the House. Item. Two Kine One Mare one Swine one Carl body with wheeles thereunto belonging ... ... ... ... ... ... 900 Item. One heap of manure & one heap of Coales iioo Item. One farme 200 Debts which he had Owing at the tyme of his Death. Item. Of Sevall & Sons the Sume of 800 The total Sum is 54 i 2 900 GENERAL INDEX. (Compiled by tfie Editor.) 4» A. April Pools' Day, 193 Abbey Kirkstall, 8. 19, 44, 131, 157, 158 Apprenticeship System, The, 149, 150 Aborigines British 3 Arch. Journal, 36 ; Yorkshire, 4, 32, 38, 41 Academy, idle, 183' Archer, Edmund, 38 Ackroyd, Aaron. 210 ; James, lon ; Jonathan. 141 Arohceological Society, The British, 3 Act, Black Bartholomew. 48; Burial, 153; Con-f ™' -"^"""TJ^- 1^ ventiole, 48 ; Enclosure, 150 ; Five Mile. 48 ; Ardesiawe, 22 Local GoTemment. 162 ; Militia, 140 ; MilUon, frarngton, Peter H., 18 „ ^ „ 66 ; Public, 160; Toleration, 82 ; UnUormity,-^'"''''8«> George, 76, 164 ; Joshua, 68 ; J. E. B., 48,61,67 " 79 Adamson, Sir Nicholas, 13 Advertise ; District, ItO, 184, 227 ; Pudsey, 1S4 Adwalton, 46, 108, 177, 233 Africa, Southern, 269, 274 Ainsworth, Isaac, 116 ; James, 115 ; Titus, 115 Aire, The 46 Alan. John. 21 ; Peter, 1", 20, 21 ; Robert, 21 ; Boger, 19; Richard, 21, 31; Simon, 21; Will, 21 ; Willelmus, 32 Armistead, Betty, 210 Armley, 3, 90, 104 Armstrong, J. Leslie, 177 Assmussen, Paul. 277 Asquith, John, 115 Association Bible, 183; Parliamentary Reform, 119 ; Wesleyan, 108 Aston, Sir Richard, 1 8 Athelneth, 4 Alayn, Richard, 24 ; MatUda, 27 ; William, !7, 30 ^*'''°^°!;i '^q?'^;"?A„"' '• ■'^'^' '*' ' ^°''- ■'"^^ Albyne, Henry, 37 Alchate, John, 37 Aldred, 4 Alexander of Berecroft, 19 Alexandra, Princess, 128, 129 Aleyn, John, 2s AUanbrigg, Thomas, 43 Allcotes, 13» Allen, Rev. James, 102 Allerton, 141 ; John de, 35. 36 ; Manor of, 19 All-England Eleven, The, 198 All Saints' Chapel, 44—57. 147, 164 AlmancKk, The Pudsey, 182 Altofts. 36, 36 ,i7 Altun, 23 Alverthorpe, 83 Alnbrose. Isaac, 4? America, 47, 125, 165, 169, 175 Amusements, 192 Anderson, J , 97 ; Old Dick, 198 Sarah. 210 Angell, Ihomas, 160 Aline. Queen, 52 Anniversaries, Sunday School, 194 Annunciation, The Feast of, 24 Antliff, Bev. Samuel. i09 Anthem, The National, 129 Antigua, 268 Antiquary. The Bradford, 19, 29, 40, 81, 83 Apperley, 121, 123 PS. 94. 95. 97, 109 Attewell, Isabella, 30 ; John, 21, 29, 30, 34, 36 ; Margaret, 29, 34 ; Robert, 31 Augustine, 3 Ayton, 93 B. Back Lane, 154, 165 Baggaley. George, 194 Bagley, Wulthew de, 13, 26, 29 Baildon, 187, 246, 258 Bailey, B"niamin,52, 61, 114 ; S. , 185 Baines, Sir Edward, 120, 269 ; Miss, 269 Baiston, Michael, 141 Balloel, Bemande, 9 Baker, John, 126, 141, 152, 153 Balmos. Grace, 81 ; John. 89, 115, 149 Band, The Brass, 194 ; Fartown, 194 ; The Old, 194 ' Bankhouse. 134. 135, 206 Richard, 210 ; Bannister, G. V.. 186 Banks, Betty, 60 ; Kdw,ard 60 ; Elizabeth, 60 .Tames, 116, 164, 207, 209. 220; John, 60: Joseph, 60, 71. 116: Joshua, 60; Mary, 85. Matthew, 145 ; Sarah, 60, 211 ; Thomas, Cll! 67, 114. 11.5. 200 Baptists. I'he, 107. 109, 110, 111, 194 Barbauld, Mrs.. 165 Barkeston. Alexander, 20 ; John, 19 Barkston, 4 Barlagh, William, 12 294 GENERAL INDEX. Barlborongh, 13 Bottilor, Robert, 37 Barlow, 11. K., 183 Boulton, John, 62 ; Nancy, 62 Barnes, Ambrose, 50 ; T., 79 Bounty, Queen Anne's, 52 Bamsley, lOtf Bowcock, Joseph, 114 Barracliiugh, Edward, 79 ; Ilannab, 211 ; J. J., Bowling, 33, 8^ 79 ; John, 114, 211 Bowness, 73 Barredykc, 13 Boyd, J. Smith, 97 Barwick-in-Elmet«, 2 Boyes, John, 115, 178 ; Joseph, 105, Mary, 105 ; Bateson, Joseph Appleby, 211 Samuel, 115 ; William, 104, 1^2, 220 ; W. H., Batley, 4. 8 22, 108, 174 79 Batteley, 38 Boys, Hannah, 63 ; John, 63 ; Joseph, 63 ; Nancy, Batty, John, 35 6 < ; Samuel, 63 ; Sarah, 63 ; William. 144 Bawdwen, 5 Bradford, 1, 2, 7, 23, i3, 42, 43, 47, 77,89, 90, 93, Baxter, Rev. J., 274 96, 99, 100, 103, 104, 108, 109, llu, 11^,121, 123, Bayard, Hugli, 26 ; William, 26 126, 139, 156, 169, 171, 177, 183, 2u2, 207, 209, Bayley. Rev. Benjamin, 6.i ; Teuelope, 65 213 ; History of, 43, 138 Beaumont, George, 62, 218 ; Harriet, J. 75 : Henry, Branfordiana Colltctanea, 81 68 ; H. H'., 119; James, 62, 68; John, 114, Bradforth, John de, 9, 19, 20, 21,22 146; Rcbert, 68; Sarah, 62; WUiian:, 68, Bradley, William de, 11 143 Bramhop, Baldwinde, 18 Beecroft, George, 99 Bramley. 3, 22, 31, 33, 42, 49, 60, 5 ', 65, 71, 76, 81, Beckett, Sir John, 120 8S, 102, 110, 111, 132, 167, 173,216,217,229, Bede, Venerable, 3 243 Beer. Mrs.. 103 ; John T,, 168, 169, 177, 233 Brarueleia, 7 Beciton, Ralph H., 18, 34, 35, 38 ; Su- William de, Brear. Jehu. 141 10, 26, 28 Brerehalge, Will, 37 Belfast. 112, 167 Bridge, Apperley, 109 BeU, William, 213 Briguate, 1. 6 Bell.'', Church, 168 Brigge, William, 37 Bendeschene, Adam, 28 Briggs, John, 102 Bennett, James, 79 ; W, H., 95 Brindley and Foster, 69, 98 Benton, A.. 173 liritaine Description of, 46 Bercroft, John de, 29, 31 ; Richard de, 22 Britannia, Camden's, 22 B. recroft, John de, 19, 21, 26 Brittany, Earl of, 9 Bere^ord, 15 ; Manor of. 7 Brocas, Bernand de, 16 Bergheby, Thomas de, 29 Brode, Wilelmus, 32 ; Cecilia, 32 Berill, John de, 13, 22 ; Thomas, 13 Broode, William, 34, 36 Berlin, 167 Brogden, George, 63 Berry, Rev. Elkana, 85, 86, 87; Tim., 21; Mary, Brompton, 166 2 1 1 Brook, James, 220 Bess, Queen, 135 Brooks, Thomas, 114 Bethel, Richard, 117 Brown, Rev. A., 74 ; James, 115 : Joseph, 99, 100; Beulah, 117 Thoma-s 163; William 62, 67 Bevan, John, 112 ; Rev. S., 109 Brayshaw, John, 153 Beverley, Hugh, 13 Bruce, Kev, li.,95 Bickersteth. Rev. M. C, M.A., 77, 220 Bruis, Robert de, 9 Blerley, 6, 33, 51, 79 Bull-baiting, 195 Bigot, John, 36, 36 Bulihouse, 90 Bill, the Redistribution, 121 ; Seats, 121 Bulmer, Bertram, 9 Bingley, 43, 66, 89, 139, 207 Burley, 35, o6, 37, 39 Biuks. Benjamin, 114 ; Christopher, 141 ; Edward, Burrows, Enoch, 79 145 Burton, I homas, 92 Binns, Elizabeth, 211; John, 63; Joseph, 211 ; Bur*on in-Lonsdale, 12 Samuel, 115 ; Sarah, 68 Butcher, Dr., 168 Birdsall J. W., 227 ; Richard, 160 Butler, John, 216, 217 Birley, Robert de, 13 Buttermere, 249 Birmingham 112. 165 p Birstal, 35, 66, !lO, 99 ^■ Blackburn. John . 102, 162 ; Joseph, 72, 73 ; H. Cfesar, Julius, 2 W., 102 Calamy, 79 Board, Burial, 163, 164, 171 ; Lightmg, 154, 166 ; Calder, The River, 2 Local, 63, 152, 153, 164, 209 ; School, 219 Calverlei, 6 Boden, John 97 Calverley, 1, 2, 3,20, 21. 22, 23, 24.25,20, 27, 30.31, Bohemia, 238, 263 32, 33. 34, 3.5, 36, 39, 41, 43, iO, .56 76,83, 110, Bohler, Peter, 241 121, 132, 134, 139, 158, 173, 183, 199, 210, 211, Bolland, Bolton-by- 12 S19 Boiling, 22, 42, 43,139; Robert de, 30 ; 'Will Calverlcy, Family of, 8; Lordof,25 ; llanorof, 34, de, 24 35, 37, 39 Bollinge, John. 25, 34, Calverley, Christof, 38 ; Sir John de, 13, 26, 2T, 29, Bollying, \ argaret. 36 30 ; Henry, 39, 40, 41 ; John Scut de. 26, 4.) ; Bolton, 12.43,104.112,132,139, 168 Nicholas, 38; Walter, 1.5, 26,28, 29, 3", 31, 33, Boocock. John, 115, li6, 176 ; Mary, 211 31, 36, 36, 40,41, 52, 71,131, l-MI, 15- ; Wi.l Book. Old Town's, H5, 147 Scot de, 20 ; WilUam, 37, 38, 39 ; Viiar of, 62, Booth. John, 115 ; Joseph, 141 74; Registers of, 31, 39, 41, -16, 00, 66, S.i, 6l Bosjesmans, The, 269 Calverton, 161, 178 GENERAL INDEX. 295 Callilev.SO Coke, Elizabeth. 32 ; Waltenis, 32 CambriJge, 46, 79, 158, 161, 163, 167 Colcroft, Eev. William, 110 Camera, John de, 22 Colebroolie, Sir Kilwani, 174 Cameron, Baron of, 67, 169 Colefax, Kev. William 92, 183, 223 Camp, King Alfred's, 2 Coleridge, 166 CanlerLury, Archbishop of, 163 College, Airedale, 93; Horton, 110, 111 ; Kings, Canute, 6 91,165; Magdalene. 163, 209; Rotlierham,. Carbutt, Thomas, 118 96 ; Sidney Sussex, 147, 160, 161, 163 ; Trinity, Cardiff, 170 46, 168, 167 Carlingliow, 174 Collyer, Rev. Dr , xl., xU. Carr, Blacli, 133; John, 141; Lieut. John, 166 ; Comenius, Amos, 262 Simeon, 163 ; William, 145 Committee, The Town's. 140, 144, 146, 147, 148 rarleton-in-Craven, 11 Common, The Pudsey,40 Carlisle. Fairfax, 230 ; Thomas, 115 Commons, Doctors', 153 ; House of, 121 Carlyle, Mr., 72 Communicants, Register of, 87 Cartman, Rev. John, 74 Commonwealth, The, 61 Casson, Robert, 39 Company, The Gas, 166 Castle, Hornby, 8. 17 ; Pontefract, 136 ; Windsor, Condition, SociiJ, 202 242 ; Yorlc. 82, 114 Conference, The Wesleyan, 101, 102, 104 Castieford, 136 Confessor, Edward the, 3 Cathedral, St. Mary's, 174 Congregationalists, The, 107, 194 Catholics, Roman, 112, 113 Conqueror, William the, 4, 6 6, 132, 135 Cauthery, Joseph, 146 ; Sarah, 64 ; William, 64, Conquest, The Norman, 4, 6, 130, 132 116 Constable, The, 144, 146 Cawdrey, Robert, 63 Cooke, Rev. William, 104 Cawson, W., 1^4 Coope, Joseph, 145 Cavendish, Lord Frederick, 119 Cooper, Fred, 162 ; John, 68, 116, 147 ; Joseph, Cemetery, The, l.ll, 166 66, 115 ; Rachel, 66 ; William, 97, 115 Centenary Festival, 261 Copenhagen, 1'6 Cereticus, 3 Corn Laws, Repeal of, 126, 127 Chalmers, Dr.. 276 Correspondence, Thoresby's, 82 Chapel, All Saints', 44, 67, IfO, 209 ; Bier!ey,141 ; Correspondent, The Leeds, 65, 164, 180. Dissenters', 147 ; Gravel Kt, 1b5 ; Independent, Coseley, 112 Methodist, 167 ; Old, 210, 211 : Old Indepcn- Cottmgley, 86 dent, 81-i*2 ; Mill Hill, 79 ; Thornton, 61 ; Cotton, Charles, 41 ; Michael, 41 Wesleyan, 101 ; Zion, 103 Couper, Matthew, 65; Mary, 66; Joseph, 65; Chapeltown, 75, 119, 127, 128,129, 132, 134, 138, Rachel, 65 117, 166, 104, 197, 211, 216, 220, 228 Coupere, John the, 24 Charles II., 81, 82 Couran', Pudsey, 184 Charters, Add., 10-40 Coventry, 129 Chetelle, 9 Cowper, Robert the. 22 Child, Thomas, 79 Crabbe, 165 Choral Society, 129, 174, 198 ; Union, 174, 196 Crabtree, Mr., 110 ; Miss, 123 Christmas, 192 Crampton, Elizabeth, 63 ; Hannah. 63 ; John, 63; Chronicle', P'ldsey, 184 115,141, 145 ; Nancy, 63 ; William, 63, 116 Chronicles, HolHngshead, 46 Craven, 1, 15, 168 Church, Adel, 79 ; ill Saints', 164 ; Congrega- Craven, Francis, 122 ; Phineas, 152 ; W., 153 tional, 79, 173 ; Established, 64. 79, 84, 207, Craven and Harrop, 122 240 : St. John's. 47. 79, 169 ; Parish. 169, 194 ; Craven, Scenes in. 177 St Lawrence, 63, 69, 66-74, 209 ; St. Paul's, Craven, History of, 7, 12, 15 75, 76, 7', 162, 17S, 194 Crofts, Rev. H. D., 104 Churchwardens, 143 Cromack, Benjamin. 86 ; Samuel, 148 Churchyard, St. Paul's, 91 Crompton, John, 146 Churwell. 121 Crossley, Francis, 119 ; John, 46, 63, 143 Clarendon, Earl of, 161 Crowther, Benjamin, 152 ; John, 115, 146, 230 ; Clark Kev. W.E., 112; William, 141 Jeremy, 44, 116 ; Martin, 141 Olarkson, John, 145, 280 ; Mr., 72 ; William, 143, Cricket, 197, 198 230 Crimbles, 138, 151, 220 C'averings, The, 60 Crucis, St., 13 Clayton, J., 115 ; Mrs. James, 205 ; Philip de, 12 ; Crummack, Joseph. 114 Thomas de, 36, 36 Cudworth. William, 183, 207 CTeckheaton. 4, 22, 83 Cuper, John, 24 Clemens, Rev. G,, 272, 278, 274 ; F., 277 Curbar, 93 Clervaux, Wm. de, 12 Customs, Local, 192 Cliff, Denham, 141 ; John, 206, 23, 242 p Clifford, Jeremiah, 116 ; Lord of, 37 Clifton, 93 Dalby, Robert, 162, 220 Clitheroe, 93 Danby, James, 37 ; Sir Christopher, 39 ; Sir Cionmacnois. 168 Thomas, 39 ; Thoaas, 39 Clough, George. 153 ; John H., 171 Danes, The, 3 Cobden, Richard, 119 Darelle, Marmadnke. 36, 36 Cock-fighting, 196 Damborough, John, 62. 114, 208, 306 Cockcroft. James, 141 : Joseph, 141 Dautre, Thomas, 29, 31 Cockin, Rev. J., 91 * David, Robert, 35 ; Christian. 261 Coins, Roman, 2 Dary, Joseph, 102 296 GENERAL INDEX. Dawson, Christopher, 17 ; John, 39 ; Joseph, 83 Elwind, William, 116 80, 91 ; Pudsey, 8, 17 ; William. 47 Ely, 161 Day, May, 193 ; Royal Oak, 193 , Valentine, 193 Elys, Thomas, 38 Dean. Benjamin, llo, 141, 146; John, 116, 145; Bmpsall, T. T., 29 Bev. — , 98 Bmsley, John, 126, 127 , Joseph, 216 Deeds, Calverley, 131 Enclosnre, The Commons, 160, 151 Deira, 3 England, Church of, 86, 166 ; New, 47 ; Rev. Denison, B. R, 118, 119 ; C. B ., 119, 120 ; William, John, 178 ; Bishop, 277 ; Henry, 277 104 ErdislawB, Nicholas de, 18 Denton, 67, 159 Erskine, W. F., 97 Derby, Co., 13, 109, 164 Essehalte, .John, 35 Derbyshire, 93. 136 Essex, 249 Despencer, Thomas le, 13 Establisliment, Moravian, 233,277 Dewsbury. 43, 99, 1(J3, 108, 139 Estburn, Simon de, 19 Diary, Fulnecky 269-277 Estumer, Darit le, 18 Diaries, Eeywood's, 81 Evans, Dr. John, 89 Dickenson, 89 Everett, Rev. James, 101 DiUon, Rev. Mr., 112 Exchequer, The, 23, 46 Dissenters, The, 82, 84, 143 Eyles, Thomas, 114 Division, Ea.steni Parliamentary, 120, 121 ; « Northern, 119, 122; Pudsey, 121, 122, 123; Southern, 1 19 F<xd^a, Hyraer's, 23. Dobson, Grace, P3 ; John, 63; Joseph, 63 ; Lepton, Fairfax, Thomas, 41, 139; Lord Thomaa, 47; 149, 161 i Mary, 86 ; Samuel, 63 ; William, Viscount, 57 63 Falcon, Dr., 274 Dodgson, Dr., 160 ; Joseph, 60, 116 ; Samuel, 114 ; Faldlng, Bev. Dr., 95 William, 114 Famley, 33, 102, 102, 134, 158, 233 Dodsworth, 15, 18 Famllay, 22 ; Boger of, 19 Domesday Book, The, 5, 6, 7, 130, 131, 199 ; Farrar, Abraham, 114 ; Daniel, 210 ; Elizabeth, Surrey, 4, 8 210; Henry, 116; John, 116; Robert, 114 ; Doncaster, 209 .Samuel, 63, 115 ; Thomas, 67 ; William, 114, Downes, John, 60 116 Dovedale, 164 Farrer, Ann, 65 ; Benjamin, 65, 211 ; Hannah, 66 ; Drake, John, 141 ; Joseph, 211,218 John, 61, 64, 65, 102, 127, 143, 144, 179, 207, Draper, Thomas, 41 208, 211 ; James, 141 ; Joseph, 146 ; Joshua, Drighlington, 4, 22, 33, 42, 121, 163, 233 66, 141 ; Mary, 64, 65 ; Nancy. 64 ; Richard, Driver, Hannah Dean, 66 ; Joseph, 66, 116 ; Mary, 62, 64, 81, 84, 116, 149, 205. 211 ; Samuel, 66, 66 ; Mrs , 170 ; Samuel, 60 115, 161 ; William, 62, 64, 71 Dublin, 77, 105, 167, 168 : Archbishop of, 168 Farrowe, BIchard, 63 Ducatus Leorliensis. 7, 1 , 40, 41, 178. Farsley, 3, 34, 36, 43, 81, 86, 100, 109, 110, 111, Ducking Stool, The, 199 121, 132, 139, 141, 173 Dudley, 93 ; Hill, 268 Partowu, 99, 103, 104, 111, 128, 129, 134, 197, 219, Dnfton, Betty. 64 ; Benjamin, 194 ; John, 141 ; 222 Matthew, 60, 64 ; Thomas, 115 Farquhar, Dr., 197 Duncan, Surr William. 121, 122 Faulkner, William, 102 Duncombe, Hon. W., 117 Fearnley, John, 115 ; Penelope, 65 ; Thomas. 65 Dunn, Rev. Henry, 111 I'east. Pudsey, 194 Dnnstan, 3, 4, 5, 6, 130, 132, 157 Fee, Knights', 22 Durham, Bishop of, 9 ; County of, 9 ; Durham, 102 Teuton, James, 210 ; .Toseph, 100 ; Martha, 211 ; Dynslai. John de. 30 Samuel, 99, 114, 146 ; Sarah, 210 Dyjon, William, 141 Fernclifle, 121, 123 „ Ferraud, Benjamin, 114; Joshua, 141 ; Mr., 207 ; "• Bobert, 41 Eadens, Rev. H., 112 Perrowe, William, 39 Eardley, Sir Culling, 119 Ferselay, 22 ; Ralph de, 19, 20 Eastwood. 90 Fersellai, 6 EccleshlU, 31, 33, 36, 43, 139 lestival. Centenary, 261 Ecclesll, Stephen de, 19,21 Field, Crawshaw, 117, 153 ; Hammerton, 112, 113, Ecclesiustir.ns, Valor, 131. 217 Eddison, William, 194 Flelden, Joshua, 120 Edinburgh. 174, 175 Fieldhouse, Moses, 141 Edward, King, 4, 6, 7 ; I.. 10, 11, 22, 28, 24, 26, 27, Fielding, J., 97 46 ; II , 25, 26, 27, 28 ; III., 11, 12, 22, 26, 28, Filey, 164. 29, 30, 31. 202 Firth, William, 10 ! Edwards, John, 164,178 Fiskergate. Micholas de, 11 Edwin, 3; Earl, 4 Pitzwilliam. Earl, 115 Ekryngton, 13 Fletcher, James, 61 ; John, 61 Elizabeth. Queen, 41, 139 Fold, Back, 133 ; Carlisle, 133 ; Driver's, 133, 221 ; EUand, 22 Parsonage, 133 ; Old Chapel, 50 ; Turaer'a, Elliott, Ebenezer, 127 Wilson's, 133 Ellwand, WlUiam, 149, 230 Folk Lore, 186, 191 Elmete, 2, 3 Football, 19(i Blpl'.n, Bishop of, 160 Forrester, Thimas, 29 Elslake, 15 Forster, 7 ; himon, 34 ; W. E., 219 Elsworth, Benjamin, 162 ; Joseph, 116, 216 Foster, 41 ; Rev. E. S., 96 GENERAL INDEX. 297 Fowler, Samuel, 287 Hailstone, Edward, 23 Fox, George, 114, 116 J Jonas, 141 Hainsworth, Abraham, 8, 21; Ellzabctli, 69; Fraser, John, 217 James, 59 ; Joseph, 59 ; Martha, 59 ; Peter, Praunketenant, 'William, 26 111 ; William, 79 Frenchey, 166 Haley & Co., 149 Prystone, Ferry, 160 Halifax, 2,10,41,43,87, 90,91,98, 106,139, 141 Fulneck, 54. 99, 128, 133, 136, 137, 146, 149, 166, Hall, Bolton, 15, 17; Beningborouuh, 177; 167.177,178,178,181,183,209,219,232 Catherine, 160; Cloth. 116; Esholt, 103; Fmierals, 200, 201 trrace, 239. 243 ; Horsforth, OW, 121; Nesbit, Fumival, Lord, 13 134, 206, 239; Old, 41 ; Preston, 41 ; Tong, 239 ; (, Walton, 23 Hall, Abraham, 61, 116 ; Betty, 61 ; Christopher, Galli, Rev. M. G., 118 85 ; David, 116 ; Joseph, 65, 116 ; Matthew, Gambles, J. G, C, 77 ; James, 71 41 ; Robert, 260 Gap, Quarry, 164 Halle, 269 Garprove. Agnes, 39 ; Joseph, 36 Halliday, Ann, 61, 73 ; George. 61 ; James, 126 ; Garnett, George, 109 John, 60, 68 76, 163 ; Nathan, 79 Garth, R. Mochell, 174, 176 Hallywelle, 35, 37 Gas Company, The, 156 Hamburgh, 95, 169 Gateshead, 94 Hamilton, Dr. Winter, 209 Gaunt, Daniel, 116 ; George, 39 ; Isaac, 123 ; J. L., Handel, 195 228 ; John, 116 ; Joseph, 228 ; Joshua. 86, Hankeswyck, 15 211 ; Matthias, 110 ; Margaret, 38 ; Reuben, Hanlytb, 16 230 ; Samuel, 194 ; William, 43, 47 Hanneman, Christian, 149 Gazette, London, 76 Hansel, Rev. W., 180 Gellys, Dionisis, 36 ; Will, 36, 37 Harden, 41 Geoffreyson, John, 19 Hardware, Heniy. 39 Gibson, Agnes, 147; James, 175; John, 31 ; Harewood, Earl of, 115 Joshua, 141 ; Rev. A. J., 76 Hargreaves, J., 116, 125 Gibraltar, 101, 183, 154 • Hai-e, John, 116 Gildersome, 121. 233 ' Harinan, A., 79 Gilleson, WiUiam, 29, 32 - Harrison, 46 ; General P., 8, 9, 16 : George, 141 ; Gilling, Charles, 97 Hainsworth, 102 ; James, llii; John, 116- Gislay, 34 Jonathan, 141 ; J, W.. 109 ; Thomas, 79 ; Gladstone, Herbert John, 226 ; William Ewart, 183 William, 116 GledhiU, Isaac, 141 Hartley. Grace, 267 Gloucester, Duke of, 36 Hasse, Rev. W.. 270 Glover, James, 183 ; William, 176 Haste. Elizabeth, 241 ; William, 59, 116, 232 Goderich, Lord. 118 Hastings, 112 Goepp, P. H., 269 Hatfleld, 163 Goion, Henry, 34 Haton, John, 213 Golcar, 4, 111 Hatton, Rev J. W., 46 Gomeisal. 4. 33, 83, 8t, 166, 183 Haukesworth, 36. Goodall, J. E., 163 ; Thomas, 232 Hauptman, Elizabeth, 64 ; Gottlieb, 54 Gospatric, 4, 7 Hawden. William, 83 Gossett, W. D. , 183 Haworth, 41, 43, 109, 139 ; Rev. W. S., 74 Gotham, Henry de, 25 Haynes, George, 220 Gowan, William, 141 Heath, Harlow. 156 Government, Civil, 84 Heaton, 4, 43, 139 ; John, 108 ; Thomas de 27 Graham, Rev. H. J., 74. 127, 211 Heckmondwike, 33, 258 Grave, Adam de, 21 ; Elizabeth, 210 ; George, 141 ; Heile, Thomas, 18 John, 23, 210; Robert, 54 Heights, The, 2. 134 Greave, Roger the, 19 Heliusley, John, 116 Greaves, J., 79 ; Thomas, 66 ; W.H., 164; William, Hepworth, George, 150 65,115,218 Hemsley, William, 141 Green, Simon de la, 21 Henderson, Rev. D. A., 94, 95, 220 Greeubury, Kev. Thos., 109 Henric, 2 Greenside, 128, 131, 138, 171, 213, 216, 217, 219, 220, Henry I.. 8; II., 9; HI., 9. 10, 11,22- IV 13 223 15, 24. 36 ; V., 16 ; VI., 17, 32. 36. 37. 203 •' Green Top, 133, 134. 136, 207 ; Waver, 119, 137. VII., 37, 88 ; VIll.. 37, 38, <6 ' Greenwell, Rev. N., 130 Herald, 'J'he Pudsey, 132 Greenfelde, William de, 28 Herman, J. G.,269 Grinfield, Rev. Thomas, 150 HeiTnhut,238, 258, 203 Grove House, 67, 144, 166, 207, 208, 209 Hertford. 163 Guardian, Scottish'llb Hertingfordbury, 163 Guardians, Board of, 257 Hertlingtou, 15 ; Lord of, 15 ; William de 16 Guards, The Grenadier, 176 Herts., 163 Gndlagesare, 4 Heton, Alicia de, 32 ; Johannes de, 32; Sir John de Guisboro', 93 26 Guthlac's Scar, 4 Hexham, 92 Gutterldge.Eev. John, 109 Hey, Dorothy, 160 ; John. 54,67,68, 147 16!> 160 H. 178; Rebecca. 160; Richard, 52, 114,147, 159 160. 162, 163, 179, 222 ; Samuel, 147, ICO, 16i ; Hackney, 165 Sarah, 160, William, ISO, 162. 178 Haigh, John, 126 ; Rev. J. S., 112 Heywood, Oliver, 49, 79, 81, 82, 83 RR 298 GENERAL INDEX. Hickes, Dr George, 15? Hntton, Arcbbishop, 57, 158 ; Dorothy, 57, 169 ; Highways. Parreyois of, 150 Mrs., 57 ; Mary, IW ; Richard, 67, 79, 82, 84, Hinchlilfe, Benjamin, 61 ; Edward, H5 ; Hannah, 158, 159 ; Sir Thomas,67, 158 85 ; John, 61. 85. 114, 115 , 141, l»t ; Joseph, Hylkley, John, 25 116 ; Mary, 61; Eachel, 61 ; Eamnel, 84, 85, j_ HiJI,"Bankhonse, 135; Dudley. 99, 239, 246 ; J°|}j •'^''° ^ ** Giant's, 3; Lidget, 133, 138; Ludgate, 133:.^, ', oi gr on 91 139 OwlcoatP, S, 5S ; Pinebelly, 135; Mmroee, J"''"- *|;'';> '"•«'■"• "» 132, 133, 220; West Boyd, 133; Windmill, j^^'gj" Tr-.,**^'J£Lj .^^ Dlingworth, Isaac, S9 mUam. David, 144 Inflrmaiy, The Leeds, 162 HiUas.Samnel.lU Ingham. ReT. B., 240 ; B., 109, Samuel, 116, 211 ; Hillhoase. Fiances, 65; Samuel, 114 Thomas 114 HiUyard, Rev. James, lU Inkeisley, T, !83 Himaworth. John, 114 |__ viJLv, ino Hinings. Edward, 102; George, 41,125, 12?, !««. j^Silrmr^, 22 131 li.8, 212, 220 225 ; J. A, 125, 126, 164 ; J. E., {^^- ^^[%"- '^n- '*' i,/^^' r^'^rV, ""**"- "'' ^*^'' SStaUo^^ Mechanics', 223 -VWlam, 116 126, 127, 144 InttWgencer.ne Let<i*.1i Hinslet, Joseph, 61 ; ^amueL 61 TrrfanHi 1'8 HM. F. W 173 : John, 150 ^hoUa del, 31 ' Hodgson, Mary, 211 ^^ Boghton, 38 J S'^S^Slf'iti ^ oc Jactoon, Jamea, 116 ; Canon, JS» ^^^•JSl « jSSTjohn, ri38 ; King. 43 Hidarft, Jotaanns, 32 , British, 2 Holden, fcaac, UO ,„. Jeaddun, Walter de, 18 Holds«orth, Edward, 4,; John, ,9, 83, 2« ; jeffasoiC Mary Maria, 67 u , ^^™i^ o Jenkins, Ber. D., 63, 68, 73, 74, 143, 14» ; Haniet, 73 Holy 1^4 Th^ 9 ^„,-,„ .. JenkinEon, Richard, 39; WiUiam, 39, 43 HoUand, Rev. PhUjp, 91 ; WOham, 54 Jennings, 18 ; Caleb, 141 ^^ HoUiday, Joseph, 211 Jerusalem, Hospital of. 19 HiJhngs^T S., 89, 90 ; Sarah, 89 Jodlan-soiJ. Bob«t, 19 B^^Sf^j; ^-.™« 1 1.1 Johnson. David, 149 ; Thomas, 83. 211 5*?^?^?^ Thomas, 114 j^^^ g^^^ ^ ,„ . j g^ ^ . zechaiiah, 11« lSSlfioS.,2; Bebecca, 58; Rev. John B.. ^"^ i? :,{f j"; »»■ l'" ?■" '' ^^^ ^'^ '■ ^"'^*' "'= ^- ^"" J^'. "l^V Thomas, 98, 94, 96 Ti„i ^ IK • K ™ « Jnmbles, 134, 135 iolTSV C^r^' Juncroft, John, 3« ; Richard. 34, 36 Eopton, 89, 91, 159 -wr Hopkinson, Rev. W. K, IIS ; J., 132 ^ Hoptone, Adam de, 31, 33 Kalreitoy, Alex de, 20 Hombv, Rer. John, 102 Keenan, John, 75 Hombiowers, The. 198 Keghlev, Richard, 37 Horsforth, 3. 19, 33, 85, 121 Keighley, 2, 91, 196 Horsforthe, Thomas de, 10 ; Xigel de, 20 Kent, 41, 165 ; Edward, 57 BorseweUrode, 25 Kenyon, Walter, 70 Borton, 41, 100, 123, 139, 141, 160, 246 Kershaw, Mary, 210 ; Rev. W. H., 109 ; William, Borton, Juvenis de,23 210 HoepitaL Jerusalem, 19, 23 ; St. George's. 174 ; Kidderminster, 93 St. Leonards, 18; St. Peter's, 18, If, 44 ; Kinewalmerske, 13 Sherburne, 9 Kinsins, 4 Hotel, Railwar, 129 Kirk, John, 101 Bough End. 2 ; Crawshaw, 216 Kirkbnrton. 74 Houre, Bank, 86, 241 ; Croft. 170 ; Elmwood, 209 ; Kirkby, John de, 22 Grtive, 6, 7, 127, 144, 166, 2l8, 22S ; Lawns, Kirkstall, 23, 44. 121, 137 102 ; Low, 146 ; Manor, 138 ; Badcliffe, 174 ; Kirkwood, S., 174 Threapland, 103 ; West, 207 ; Westfleld, 71 Kltts. St., 268 Bowet. Walter, 34 Knapton, Rer. J., 1 12 Bowne. 4 Knewstnb, John, 114 Bowarth, Anne, 58. 169 ; EUzaheth, 68 ; Rev. W. Knottinglev. 160 L., 20'i. 209 : WilBam, 63, 68, 116 Kyng, Willelmus, 32 Bowgate, Samuel, 116 L. Boyte, Joehna, 14 1 Hnddersfidd. 4, 91, 101, 108, 13» Laci, Dbert de, 4, 6, 7, : 32 Bngsan, William , 1 25. 128, 167 Lacy, Robert de, 8 Bon; 109 Laird, Hev. Thomaa, »1, 92, 94, 98, 116, 149, 182 Humble, Dawson, 160 Laisterdyke. 109, 1»2, 221 Bnnswortb, 121 Laithe, Red. 133 Huntei; Jceep'i. 83 ; Richard, 43 ; William, 63 Lake, John, 36 Hof a, John, 238 Umcashire, 47, 93, 112 UoBtler, Kary, 63 ; Thomas, C3, 141 ; William, 67 Lancaster, Duchy o^ 161 GENERAL INDEX. 299 Land, Serjeant, 146 Maidstone, 41, 168 Lands, The Common, 150 JIallalien, W., 183, 269 Lane, Back, 133. 154, 164 ; Bankhonse, 128 ; Bog- Malta, Knights of, 207 gard, 216 ; Chancery, 6 ; Church, 101, 128, 129, Ualynson, Johannes, 32 132, 14i, 223. 225 ; Hare, 23S ; Robin 128, 129. Manchester, 104. 112, 213 132. 216, 217 ; Roker, 109 ; Rickardshaw, 109, Mannyngham, 41, 43, 139 137, 170, 220 ; Radoliffe, 71, 128, 132, 216, 217 ; Manor House, The Old, 41 Workhouse, 133 Manufactures, 228. 232 Lanes, The, 112 Margerison, Saml., 29, 31, 39,40, 41 Langley, Hannah, 62 ; Thomas, 62, 114 ; William, Map, Ordnance, 183 114 Marienbom. 272 La Trobe, Ignatius, 179, 250 ; Benjamin, 146, 253, Markhams, Mr., 84 254, 269 Marsden. Rev. John, 93, 94 Lascelles, Henry, 115 ; Lord, 120 Maish. 133, 219 Lawn Tennis, 198 Marshal], Rev. Geo., 77 ; John, 117 ; Margatet, 210 Lawson, Dorothea, 59 : Mary, 69 ; Joeph, 180, 195, Marske. 41 198 ; Rev. H. A., 9.5 ; Thomas, 59 Mary, St., 20 ; Queen, 82 Lawton, George, 183 ; Mr., 149 Marylebone, 162 Leach, Jobn, 141 Masbam, 150 Ledes, Gilbert de, 18 ; Roger de, 31, S3 Mather, Rev. George, 102 Lee, Ricbaid, 35 Mattbewman, Elizabeth. 87 ; Luke, 87 Leeds, 2, 3, 7. 27, 28, S3. 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 61, 55, Maude, Francis, 151 ; William. 220 66, 67, 77, 79, 91, 93, 99, 1 3, 104, 109, 112, 120, Mauleverer, John, 36 ; Robert, 36 121, 1-25, 139, 146, 158, 169, 160, 162, 163, 166, Maulevery, Robert, 135 167, 169, V07, 213, 269 ; Mayor of, 166, 178 Maurice, Professor, 91, 165 ; Rev. M., 98, 93, 164 Leghe, Gilbert del, 37 Mayhall , John, 3 Leicestershire, 93 Maynard, Lord, 160 Lelay.Willde, 18 Meariug. Thomas, 37 Lemmens, Chevalier, 169 Mechanics' Institution, The, 183. 223, 221, 225 Leninc's, 4 Mercury, The Leeds, 117, 149, 195 Lepton, 34 : Joseph, 84 ; William, 40, 46, 62, 82 Memorial, Nonconformist, 80 Leversege, 22 Merkynfelde, Lord of, 35 ; Thomas de, 35 Lewenthop, Geoffi-eyde, 36 ; John, 36 Merying, Agnes, 37 ; Thomas, 37, 3S Ley, Robert, 37 Messenger, The, 146, 132 Library, Bodleian, 13, 35, 36, 37, 131 ; Leeds Old, Metcalfe, Hope, 62 ; Miles, 62 8, 132 Methodism, 99 Liebe, Tberesa,170 Methodists,FreeChuTCh,107,108,194 ; Independent, Lilcy, James, 141 109 ; Primitive, 107, 109, 194 ; Wesleyan, Lillie. Rev. Thomas, 89 99-102 Linoobi, 61 ; Co., 13 ; Eev. W., 110 Miall, Rev. J. G., 83, 89, 183 Linton, Kev. C. R., 176 Middlebrook, John, 127, 180 Lisbon, 41, 168 Middlesbrough, 174 Lister. John. 19. 116 ; Joseph, 47 ; Kev. Henry, 74 Mill, Allen Brig, 120, 216, 2S0 : Albion, 128 LitUedale, Mrs., 17 Atlas, 122, 222 ; Bankhouse, 231 ; Brick, 231 Littlemoor. 50, 71, 75, 101, 103, 111, 129, 133, 134, Claughton Garth, 128 ; aiffe, 216, 231 ; Craw 1 147,197,213,218,220,271 shaw, 126, 128, 216, 280 ; Farto»-u, 231 ; Liverpool, 217 Gibraltar, 230 ; New Lane, 231 ; Priestley. Lloyd, Rev. Arthur, 91, 98 126, 216, 230 ; Prospect, 231 ; Smalewell. 230 ; LobI^,Dame, 210; John, 114, 116; S., 220 South Park, 231; Union, 128. 230; Union Lockwood, John, 145 Bridge, 230 ; Varley's, 230 ; Waterloo, 230 Lodyngton, William de, 13 Miller, Rev. Marmaduke, 108 London, 6, 45, 60, 74, 75, 91, 93, 98, 149, 158, 161, Milligan, Rev. D. T., 76 166, 168, 169, 174, 183 Milner, Arms of, 66 ; Chao.. 41. 160 ; John. 39, 41, Longwood, "4 84. 150, 153, 168 ; Matthew, 114 : Robert, 40, Lords, House of, 117, 125 135, 163 ; Samuel, 39, 41, 43, 168 ; Tempest, Loryman, George. 175 39, 40. 41, 168 Lowtown, 11, ;3, 101, 108, 109, 132, 134. 138, 156, Milnes, John. 71 166, 174. 176, 194, 197, 210, 213, 216, 2iO,229 Milnes, and France, 109 Lumbv, Christopher, 116 ; Joshua, 52, 62, 62, 116, Milnewood,31 14"l ; Martha, 68, 85 ; Robert, 39 ; Robertus Mills, John, 112 de, ;i2 ; fcamuel, 40, 67, 68, 114 ; Simon, 38 ; MUton, Lord, 116, 116, 117 William, 114, 116, 146 Mission Church, St. James's, 76 Lupton, Elizabeth, 210 ; William, 211 Mitchell, Henr)-, 103 ; John, 116 ; Jonathan, 116 ; Lnstatla. 262 Rev. Wm., 109 Luther, 264 Mitcheson, Thomas, 97 vr Montgomery, James, 261, 276, 276 Moody, Christopher, 102 Ifabelson, John, 13 Moon, Rev. M.A.. 112 Macaulay, Lord, 166 Moor. Jeremiah, 141 ; Swinuow, 134 Hackiutosh, 6 Moore, James, 104 Magaiint, Evangelical, 92 ; Gentleman's, 149 ; New Moorhoose, Stephen, 141 ; Rev. F. W., 91 Connexion, 178; Parish Church, 183; /Vo- Morant, 9 Ustant Dissi-nUra, 91 ; St. Paul's, 183 ; York Moravians, The, 64, 107, ICl, 236 shire, 177 Morebou.se, John, 6;) Magna Wistow, 93 Morgan, Thomas, 90, 91 300 GENERAL INDEX. Morlay, Rio. de, 55 Ossett, 210, 240 Morley, 3, 5, 33, 49, 61, 58, 81, 83, 90, 91. 176, 192, Oswald, St., Canons of, 20 199, 20O, 229, 233 ; John de, 29 : Wapentake Oswmthorpe, 2 Otley, 198 Oalcotes, .John de, 24, 26 ; Thomas de, 31 Oulston, li) Oustoue, John de, 36 Ontgang, 134 Overseers, The, 71, 146-149 Owlcoats, 85 George, 228 ; Oxcnford, Edward, 174 Samuel, 56, Oxford, 13, 35, 37, 77, 167, 169 of. 22 Morleyes, Richard, 36 Morpeth, Lord, 114, 118, 119 Morrison. Sir George, 121 Metier, Canon, 113 Morton, Manor of, 13 Moseley, D., 220 Moss, Anne, 66 ; Charles, 116, 141 Gregory, 66, 71 ; Matthew, 66 114, 116, 141. 145 ; ■WiUiam, 39, lI4, 116 MSS. Balme:-<, 69 ; Birch, 48, 66 ; Sritish P. Museum, 51, 62, 57 ; Calverrley, 18, 131 ; Bail- Pagam=ni, Saxon, 3 stones, 131 ; HarUian, 18. 27 ; Heminoway, Pagans, 3 18, 26, 27, 32. 87, 89 ; Hopkinscm's, 8 ; Lans- Paget, Agnes, 38 ; William, 38 downe, 61 ; Wilson's, 8 Paitevin, Robert, 19 Muff, Jonathan, 69 Pape, John, 141 Murgatroyd. J., 77 Papelay , John de, 20 Museum, British, 13, 45, 48, 131 Parlier, John, 194 ; Rev. B., ID! Musgrave, John, 116 ; S., 125, 126 ; W.. 126 Parkinson, Robert, 71, 143, lii Myers, Cleophas, 125 ; Rev. John, 107 ; William, Paris, 176 116 Parliament, Acts of, 37 Mylner, Cicely, 40 j^ John, 40 ; Margaret, 40 ; Parsonage, The Old, 47 Robert, 40, 41 ; Richard, 40 ; Thomas, 40. Myrfleld, 22 ,83 Nailor, John. 116 ; Mr, Kaylor, Dr. John, 169 Neissen, Jacob, 262 Nelson, John, 99, 105 ; Messrs., 104 Neots, St..l71 Nepean, Sir M. H., 174 Nesbit, Canon, 74 ; Hall, 134, 205, 206, 239, 241 Nevile, Gervase, 71 Neville, Testa de, 23 Neville, Thomas. 13 Newall, Joseph, 141 Newalle, Robert, 34 New Connexion Methodists, 103, 106, 106 Newcastle, 50, 91 Newell, Hannah, 69 ; James, 69 213 ; Joseph, 69, Pilling, S. W., 104 166 Pitts, Mrs., 108 Passenham, 160, 161 Passelewe, Joan, 34 ; John, 34, 36 ; Robert, 29, 31 ; William, 30 Pawson, Mrs. Sarah, 102 Pearson, Abraham, 65 ; A. R., 104 ; Elizabeth, 71, 85 ; John, 84. 141 ; Joseph, 66, 66 ; Mary, 71 ; Rachel, 66 ; Rebekan, 65. Pedelavium, The, 267 Penman, George, 102 Pennington, WiUiam, 168 Penilton, Gilbert de, 11 Penistone. 93 Pennsylvania, 269 Perci, William de, 4 Perkin and Backhouse, 77 Percy, Lord William, 132 PhUadelphia, 127 Pickard, W., and Son, 232 Newlay, 170 If ems. The Pudsey, 138, 184, 227 Nevylle, Sir Robert, 31, 36 Newsome. 4 ; Temple, 4 Newton, John Scott de, 20 Newtone, 34 New Year's Day. 192, 193 Nicholson, Mr., 169 NichoUs, William, 153 ; Sarah, 261 Nisbet, Claud, 206, 241 Nitschmann, David, 263 Nonconformists, The, 79, 81, 109 Normandy. John, 18 Normans. The. 132 Northamptonshire, 160 Northorp, WiUiam, 36 Northowram, ftO Northrop, Ellen, 211 ; Joseph, 211 Northumberland, 92, 136 Norway, 243 O. Oakley, Sir Herbert, 175 Gates, WUliam, 116 Ockerhau^en, Anna Johanna, 54 ; John, 54 Offices. Local Board, 162, 153 Oldfleld, E.. 41 ; Grace, 41 Organ. Congregational Church. 98 : St. Law- rence's Church, 69 ; Unitarian Church, 112 Osmond, Thomas, 29 Playground, Fulneck, 237 Plischke, Christopher, 149 ; Maria, 261 Plumbe, Thomas, 160 Plumpton, Robert de, 25, 34 Plunket, Dr., 168 Podesay, WeU of, 11 PoUard, Seth. 63 Pontefract. 160 ; Baron of, 6 Pool. George, 116 Poor, Overseer of the, 140, 146, 147, 149, 160 Pope. The, 9 ; 257 Poppleton, 67, 168 Presbyterians, The, 87 Prest, Rev. Charles, 102 Price. Dr., 166 Pritchett and Son, 97 Priestley, Briggs, 121, 122, 123; Dr., 162, 165; Henry, 122 Priestthorpe, 26 Pi-octor, Jacob, 114 ; John, 114 ; Jonas, 143 ; Mrs. M. A., 108 ; Robert, 141 Prudentius, 74 Pude3ay, Nlcholaus de, 32 ; Petrus de, 32 ; Thomas de, 32 Pudsey, Agnes, 9 ; Bishop, 131 ; Bridget, 1 Dionysius de, 11 ; Elias de, 10 ; (ieollrey de, 9, 158 ; Gregory de, 167 ; Henricus de, 17 Henrj' He, 9, 10, 11 ; Hugh de, 9, 10 .Johanna, 13 : John, 13, 15 ; John de, 10, 11 12, 15 ; Jordan de, 11 ; Katheriue, 16 GENERAL INDEX. 301 Pudscy, Lambert do, 10: Marmaduke,17; Pagan de, 8 ; Peter de, 10, 11 ; Balpli, 17 ; Richard, 11, 16, 131 ; Richard de, 15, 167 ; Robert, 15 ; Robert de, 11, 12, 16 ; Roger de, 9, 10, 16, 168 ; Sampson de, 168 ; Simon, 7, 8,, 10, 11, 12, 25, 168 ; Sir George, 180 ; Sir Henry de, 7 ; Thomas, 13, 16, 158 ; Thomas de, 11 ; Walter de, » ; William de, 10, 11 Pudsey, Arms of, 17 „ Amusements, 192 „ Band, The, 194 ,, Bibliography, 177 „ Burial Board, The, 153 „ Cemetery, The, 154 * „ Choral Union, 195 „ Cloth Manufacture in, 228-232 „ Cocli-flghting in, 196 „ Constable, 144 „ Cricket in, 197 „ DiTision, Parliamentary, 131 „ Early Civil History, 1-43 „ Family off 12, 131 „ Feast, 194 „ Folklore, 184 „ Football in, 196 „ Friendly Societies, 213 „ Funerals, 200 „ Homblowers, The, 198 ,, In Domesday Book, 6, 7 „ In Norman Times, 6 ,, In Roman Times, 2 „ In Saxon Times, 3 „ Local Board, 162 ,, Longevity in, 210 Lordof,9, 10, 11,15 „ Manor of, 8, 40, 41, 84, 132, 158 „ Manor House, 41 „ Mechanics* Institution, 523 ,, Militia, 141 „ Mills, 230 ,, Newspapers, 184, 187 ,, Old Modes of Punishment in, 199 „ Overseers, 147 „ Parliamentary Elections, 114 ,, Parish Apprentices, 149 „ Peace Rejoicings, 127 „ Political History, 114 Poll Tax, 33 „ P"pulation in, 138 „ Public Rejoicings, 128, 129 „ Pudding, The Big, 124 „ Railway Accommoda' ion, 215 „ Hiding Weddings, 198, 199 Roads, 151 „ School Board, 220 „ Social condition of, 202 „ Superstitions, 1 91 „ Town's Committee, 140 Punshon, Rev. Dr., 102, 168 Pycard, Robertus, 32 Pykbume, 36 Q. Quarry Gap, 154 ; Park Spring, 217 : Upper Moor, 252 Queen, The, 129, 276 Quinlan, Rev. — , 112, 113 R. Badcllfle, J Ini, 147, 149, 160 Raine, Canon, 41 Raistrick, 105 ; William, 141 Ramftler, Rev. C. F., 149, 180, 272 Ramsden, Sir John, 119, 120 Randall, Joseph, 160 Bastryke, John, 37, 38 : Henry, 37 Ratclifte, 116 Rathmell, 83 Rattenbury, Rev. John, 102 Rawden, 3, 33, 39, 85, 109, 121, 170, 173 Bay, Rev. John, 82, 83 Bayner, Alice, 71 ; Henry, 151 ; Jonas, 71 ; Joseph, 66, 145 ; Simeon, v., 180, 206, 220 ; William, 66 Bead ng, 165 Record OfBce, The Public, 6, 38, 43, 131 Rede, John le, 21 Bedistribution Bill, The, 121 Eedruth, 101, 165 Reform Bill, The, 117 Reformation, The, 45, 238 JRegister, The Anniml, 2 Ecffisters, Berru^s, 86, 87 ; Braniify Church, 90 ; Calverlet/, 31, 39, 41, 46, 50, 65, 68, 81 ; Cou- grpgational, 93 ; Northau>ram, 82, 83, 89 ; Parish Church, 65 Registrar, Diocesan, 53 Eeichel, Rev. C. Parsons, 167, 168, 180 Bepf.rter, Pudsey, 184 Restoration, The, 193 Beyner, Rev. K., 51 Ehode*, Joseph, 114 ; Eev. 0., 95 Eichard I.. 9 ; II., 13, 16, 32, 33, 34, 36, 43, 203 ; III., 38 Richardson, Ellis, 19 ; James, 116 Bichmond, Earl of, 132 Elder. Agnes, 69, 60 ; Mary, 69 ; Thomas, 69, 60 ; William, 69 Biding, The West, 6, 28. 32, 41, 49, 79, 91, 92, 117, lis, 121, 160, 192, 208 ; North, 93, lOS Riding Weddings, 198, 199 Rigby, Colonel, 47 Eiley, John, 66 ; Samuel, 55 Biots. Toll Bar, 146 Bipon, 1, 45 ; Bishop of, 75, 166 Eissheworth, John, 36 Either, Thomas, 116 Eoad, Balme, 151 ; Beaumont, 151 ; Belley Well, 151 ; Clayton, 151 ; Delphend, 151 ; Dobson, 151 ; Driver, 161 ; Dyehouse, 161 ; Dyson, 1.51 ; Farrar, 151 ; Gawthorpe, 151 ; Greensi.ie, 161 ; HinchlifEe, 151 ; Intack, 151 ; Jumbles- well, 151 : Langley, 151; Middle, 161; Midglpy, 161 ; Mitaer, 151 ; Mill, 151 ; Mill Stead, 161 ; Moor Side, 161 ; Pearson, 151 ; PinebeUy, 151 ; Quarry, 161 ; Rayner, 151 ; Sizinghouse, 161 ; Smalewell, 151 ; Windmill, 161 ; Ward, 151 ; Woodwells, 161 Eoads, Roman, 2 Roberts, Dr., 98 ; Joseph, 109, 211 ; Eev. E., 102 Eobinson, Charles, Ul, 217 ; .Tohn, 106, 141 ; Joshua, 141 ; Eev. George, 74 ; William, 141 Bodley, 173 ; John, 38 Bogers, Samuel, 166, 194 ; William, 85 Boll, Subsidy, 23, 32, 38, 43 Bolls, Bradford Manor, 29 ; Manor Court, 203 ; Pipe.9 ; Pleas, 8 ; Poll Tax, 34 ; Sessimis, 83 ; Wakefield Court, 210 ; Wakefield Manor, 24, 131 Rome, 3 Boom, Public, 166 Boss, John, 145 Eothelay, Alicia de. 32 ; .Toh: de, 25, 38 ; Eobortus de, 32, 35 ; Thomaj, 37 ; WiUiam, 37 Botheley, 38 Bothwell, 6 Roudou, John de, 13 Eonndhay, 2 Eoyal Family, The, 276 Eoyd, Dick, 71, 166 ; West, 134 302 • GENERAL INDEX. Eucker, Arthur W., 122 Shrovetide, 193 Ruddle. Rev. James, 113 Sidmouth, 165 Rudersdorf, Madame, 169 Simons, H., 143 RufEord, 47 Simpson, Francis, 141 ; Jacob, 67, 71, 159 ; Rnshforth, William, 141 Jonathan, 141 ; Rev. J., 112, 113 Ryan, Rev. Dr., 165 Skelton, John, 149 Eyley, John, 164, 180 ; Samuel, 166 ; William, Skinner, Wilelmus, 32 114 Skyraok, 4, 27 j5 Slack, Catherine, 208 "• Smith, Ann, 26 ; G. R., 79 ; Hannah. 86 ; H. C, Sale, Beatrix, 81, 82, 169 ; Jamea, 39, 47, 60, 61, 212 ; Isaac, 86 ; James, 141 ; Jeremiah, 86 79,82,83,134,158,182 John, 62, 86; Ralph, 38 ; Robert, 114, 163 Salter,Robert, 162, 170; Joseph, 170, 230 Rev. C, 109; Rev. H. Bodell, 112; Samuel, Sampson, Adam, 134; Thomas, 18; Walter, 11, 183; W. B , 97 ; William, 192, 200, 209 168 Smithe, Ralph, 37 Sandall, Wm., 60 Smythe, Ralph, 37 ; Thomas, 43 Saville, John, 38 ; Sir John, 41, 139 Snow, Francis, 114 Sawyer, T., 97 Society, The Royal, 162 ; Surtees, 38, 60 Saxon, Anglo-, 104 Societies, Friendly, 213 ; Industrial Co-operative, Saxons, The, 2, 3, 275 213, 214 Scales, William Dibb, 125, 126, 128, 153, 170, 209, Somersetshire, 93 226 Sotehille, Hen., 36 ; John, 37 Scarborough, 169 Southampton, 166 Scar, G-uthlac's, 4 Southowram, 22 Scarglll, Warren de, 28 ; Will, 36, 37 !«owerby, 90 Scarth, William, 116 Spencer, Christopher, 36 Scatcherd, Norris-son, 199, 200 St. Lawrence Cbiurch, 66, 74 ; St. Paul'.s, 76, 78 Schepdene, Hugh de, 24 Stable, Samuel, 60 Schirebrooke, 26 Stang, Riding the, 200 Scholefleld, Arm, 211 ; John, 99, 116, 145 Staiuulf, 3. 6, 6, 7, 130, 132, 157 Scholfleld, Benjamin, 2 Stake, F.. 79 Schon, Emma de la, 9 Stalker. Rev. A. M., Ill School Board, The, 74, 97, 219, 220 ; Bradford. 221 Stalybridge, 73, 87 School, Church Lane, 103 ; Congregational, 219 ; Staneley, 39 Fartown, 111; Free, 160; Fnlneck, 242 ; Stamp, Rev. W. W., 102 Gibraltar, 222 ; Infant, 919 ; Lower Weslevan, Stanhope. Gen., 88; Elizabeth, 261 101; Moravian, 222; National, 219; Had- Stanningley, 69, 85, 110, 111, 136, 173, 171, 213, cliffe Lane, 222 ; Rickardshaw, 219 ; Roker 219, V20 Lane, 109; Town's, 218; Training, 219 ; Stanntone, John de, 30, 34; Matilda, 34 Upper, 101, 222 ; Zlon. 222 Slaploton, Hugh de, 18 ; Nicholas de, 28 Schools, Leeds Grammar, 209 ; Pudsey, 319 Stauntone, Johannes, 32 Sclake, Johannes, 32 Steadman, Dr.. 110 Scot, Adam, 21 ; Henry, 9, 18, 19, 20, 21 ; Hugh, Stephen, 7 ; Earl, 9 20 ; John, 13, 22, l24, 26 ; Robert, 19, 20 ; Steeple, Ashton, 163 Roger, 18, 21 ; Walter, 37 ; Sir WUliam, 19, Stewart, Sir M. S., 174 20 ; Will, 9, 18, 19, 20, 21, 37 Stillings, James, 230 Scotland, 27. 67, 125, 159, 176 StocR, Rev. J., HI Scott, David, 177 ; IL, 128 ; Sarah, 66 ; Thomas, Stockton, 171 166 Stone, William, 218 Scottish Invasion, The, 27 Stool, The Ducking, 199 Seacroft, 6, 39 Storneton, Thomas de, 25 Secretary, The Home, 164 Stotheley, John, 38 Sedbeige, 9 Stowe, Family of, 71 ; Frederick, 71; William, Sedgewlck, Rev. Mr., 160 145, 260 Seiffurth, Benjamin, 270 Strafford, Stoney, 160 Selby, Peter de, 21 Stretton, Rev. Richard, 82 Senior, Henry, 71 ; John, 166 ; Joseph, 116 Strickland, Abraham, 173 ; P., 79 : J. E., 79; John, Senyer, James, 86 86 ; Joshua, 141 ; P. A., 173, 174 ; Sir G., 118; Serjeant, Robert, 31 ; Simon the, 19 William, 141 Scsay. Lord of, 35, 36 Stuart, Rev. J. W., Ill Sessions, Lends, 138; Petty, 209 ; Quarter, 82, 121 Styneclyngflet,!! SetteringtDn, Lord of, 36 Suffolk, 186 Settle, 7 Sugden. George, 69 ; John, 222 ; Nancy, 59 Sewill, Edward, 138, 129, 156, 181, 212, 236, 257 Sunderland, Joseph, 79 ; M., 103 ; Mrs., 195 Sextus, L, 74 Superstitions, 186, 191 Sharp, B. W., 177 ; Rev. Thomas. 79 ; William, 141 Surtees Society, 27 Sheffield, 98, 168 Survey, Parliamentary, 61 Shaw, John, 104, 106, 106, 107, 183 ; James, 103 ; Surveyors. Highway, 160 Martha, 136 Sutclifle, John, 141 ; Rev. Joseph, 101, 164, 181 ; Sheldon, Jack, 196 Rev. C. E., 146, 182 Sherburn, 2 Suttone, Chaplain of, 35 Sherrington, Madame, 169 Swelyngtone, Roger de, 35 Shifnall, 111 Swillington, 4 ; Sir Hugh de, 28 Shipley, 22, 43, 132, 139, 228 Swinlington, Hugh de, 18 Shropshire, HI ; Shoesmith, John, 116 Symson, John, 37 ; Robert, 37 ; William, 37, 38 GENERAL INDEX. 303 Tadcaster. 4 Tanfield, John, 37 Tange, Richard de, 9 Taunton, 93 Tax, Hear'h, 81 ; Income, 38, 39 ; Poll, 32, 33 Taylor, Adam, 141 ; C. E., 103 ; David, 114 ; Geo. T.. 102 ; Rev. R. V., 168 ; Rev. W., 270 Teal, Jonathan, 150 Tempest, John, 37 ; Sir H., 233, 245 : Squire, 146, Thomas, 37 Temple, The Middle, 163 Tennis Lawn, 198 Telley, Edward, 232 Thackeray. Joseph, 230 ; Mr.. 149 Thieves, The Forty, 120 Thorne, 111 Thomas, Rev, Daniel, 75 Thompson, Rev. R. B., 74, 75; Mrs., 75 ; Mr., 106; H. a, 120 Thoresby, Ralph, 7, 40, 41, 48, 66. 82, 159 Thornetum, Roger de, 18 ; Thomas de, 21 ThomhiUe, Sir John de, 10, 20,20, 28; Richard de, 35 Thomore. John de, 34 Thornton, 93, 122, 169 ; John, 159 ; Jonas, 166 ; Richard, 43, 169 ; William, 54 Thorn tone, 34 Thorpe, Madam. 64 ; Rev. Richard, 83, 159 Threapleton, William, 141 Thurstonland, 74 Tilley, John. 10,20 Tilly, Ralph de, 18, 20 TindaU, Edward, 99, 100. 116 Tireshall, 9: Lord of,9 ; Robertde, 9 Tirsale, William de, 21, 30 Tirsai), John de, 29 ; Thomas de, 29, 34, 202 ; Willeimusde, 32 Todd. Rev. R., 61 Toms; Rev. W., 77 Tong, 2, 3, 6, 7, 31. 41, 85, 121, 137, 235, 245 ; Richard de, 20, 23, 26, 27, 28 ; Thomas, 37 Tordoff, Joseph, 229 Tometum, John de, 19 ; Thomas de, 18 Tostig, Earl, 4 Towneslowerd, John, 11, 21, 22, 24, William, 24, 26 Town, Alice, 63 ; Joseph, 163 ; Joshua, 63 Touninman, TAe. 177,184 Tozer, Rev. T. W., 93, 94 Tronghton, Benj., 145 ; Thomas, 160 Troyitale, 133, 134. 135, 207 Tucker, Captain, 183 Timnicliffe, Esther, 65 ; John, 65 ; Matthew, 65 Turner, Cholmely,90, 114,115 ; J. Horsfall, 31, 87; John, 130. 132 ; Joseph 211 ; Peter, 71 ; Eev. William, 91, 141, l'-2 Tyne, Newcastle upon, 47 Tyrisall. Thomas de,32 Tyrpale, 20. 25, 26 j Hugh de, 20, 21 ; Lambert de, 20; Richard of, 18, 20; Thomas de, 21,29, 31 ; William de, 34 U. Ungthorpe,16 Union, Band of Hope, 212 ; Choral, 173 ; Literary, 227 ; Sunday aohool, 222 Tnitarians, The, 112 University, Cambridge. 51 ; Dublin, 161 ; Edin- burgh, 175 ; London, 93 Upton, John, 116 V. Valentine Day, 193 Valerian, 74 Valcnr £cclesiasticus,ii, 131 Varley, J. W., 194; Nelson, 169; Richard, 169 ; Samuel, 166,230; WUliam, 176,230 Vavysour, 39 Verity, Benjamin, 79, 116, 153 ; Christopher, 146 Vickers, C. E., 79 ; W. H., 79 Victoria. Queen, 102 ViUaruTn Nomina, 27 Vinrodes, 26 W. Wade, Penj., 102 ; John, 71 ; Samuel, 220 Wadlands, 16, 41 Wages in Yorkshire, 203 Waiblinger, Ignatius, 149, 150 Wainman. Eliz., 90 ; John, 65, 89, 114 ; Mrs,, 90 ; Sarah, 91 Waite, Benjamin, 109 Wakefield, 24, 41, 82, 83, 91, 139, 159, 160, 162, 168 Walcar, John, 38 Wales, Eev. Elkanah, 4, 46, 48, 49, 60. 61, 56, 79, 81, 168, 182, 207 ; Prince of, 128, 129 ; Samuel, 66 Walker, John, 116; John H,, 170; Joseph, 83, 170, 182; Matthew. 153,212; Robert. 39 ; Robert le, 30; Samuel, 114; Thomas, 211; William, 116 Walterson, Simon, 19 Waltan, George, 126, 141 ; Hannah, 211 ; John, 211 ; Joseph, 141; William, 166 Ward, Roger, 36. 86 ; Thomas. 102 Warde, John, 35 ; Sir Simon, 25 ; William, 37 Waterhouse. Elizabeth, 260 ; Hannah, 211; James, 211 ; Joseph, 260 ; Robert, 40 Waterloo, 108, 133, 176, 220 Watertoue, Robert, 37 Waterworks, The, 156 Waterworth. Robert, 53 Watkinson, John, 116 Watson, Hannah, 211 ; Jeremiah, 211 ; WiUiam, 114 WattevUle, Fredk. de, 264 ; John de, 241, 254 Waugh, Richaril, 39 Wayde, Robert, 39 Wayt, Johannes, 32 Webster, H enry, 102 ; John, 102, 116 ; Joseph, 163 ; Mary, 260 ; Samuel, 108 Weddings, Riding, 198 Well, Acres, 25 ; Bankhouse, 26 ; Dyeholes, 216 ; Green, 25 ; Jumbles, 26, 134, 135, 211 ; Smale, 25, 135, 197 Wellington, Duke of, 176 Wentworth, Thomas. 39 Wesley, Dr., S. S,, 169 ; John, 99, 100, 101, 104, 240, 242 Wesleyans, The, 105, 107 Westmerland, Lord of, 37 Westmoreland, 73 West Riding, Eastern Division, 1 ; Northern, 93, 105 Wheater, Joshua, 176 ; William, 138, 20« Wharte, The, 2 Wharfedale, 36 Wharton, Annie, 40 Wheldale, 37 Whitaker, Dr.. 7, 15 Whitehead, John, 152 Whitfield, 90, 240 ; John, 116, 114 ; Matthew, 229 Whitehall, 160 Whiteside, Dr., 169 Whithende, Thomas, 34 Whitley, Thomas, 37, 143 ; William, 63 Whit-Monday, 193 Whitstable. 168 Wideman, Mr.. 150 WUbertorce, 276 304 GENERAL INDEX. Wild, John, 102 ; Tom. 1.54 Wildon, Hobert Carrick, 177 ■Wilkinson. Henry, 116; Joseph, 116 ■Willasey. John, 114 "Willelini, Johannes filiils, 33 ■Willesthorpe, John, 36 Willey, Robert, 270 WUliam, King, 8, 82 WiUshaw, Bev. W.. 108 Wilson, Christopher, 163 : James, 126 : John, 27, 141, 163; Jeremiah. 114; Joseph, 145, 211: Peter, 64 ; Petnis, 43 ; R. P.. 117 ; Robert, 66 ; Rev. (Jeorge, 91 ; Sarah, 260 ; Thomas, 132 ; William, 114 Wilsone, Thomas, 37, 38 Wirkel, Robert de, IS Wirkelay, Peter de, 18 ; Will de, 18 Wise, Christopher, 85 Wiihington, Rev. J. 8., 108 ■Wodehalle, 26, 30, 31 Wodekirke, 20 WodehaU, Hugh de, 11, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 26, 27, 28, 46 ; Jordan de, 10, 18, 18 Womersley, D., 230; Richard, 171, 172 Wood, Ann, 260 ; B.. 101 ; Hannah, 88 ; Isaac, 153 ; Israel. 141 ; James, 160; Rev. W., 91; Tbomaa, 116; W., 125 Woodhall, 85 Woodhouse, Aid. Edwin, 269 Worcester, Florence of, 4 Worcestershire, 93 Workman, Rev. J. S., 102 Worthies, Leeds, 180 Wortley, 33. 34, 109, 213 ; Stuart, 118, 119 Wraton, Adam de. 11 Wridlcsforth, Sir John de, 18, 20 Wright, Mr., 17 Wulatan, Archbishop, 4 Wyke, 2.'iB, 274 Wvnthorpe, Will de, 30 WJTkelay, William, de. 35, 36 . Yarmouth, Great, 164 Yeiidon, 13, 33, 160, 206 York. 4,13. 23, 27, 44, 46,50, 63, 59, 114, 116, 13-5, 143 ; Archbishop o£, 4 ; County of, 32, 38, 61, 114 ; Minster, 169 Yorkshire, 27, S8, 43, 79, 87, 91, 93, 95. 99, 106, HI, 117, 123. 136, 167, 194, 247 ; Annals of, 3 ; Con- qTegationalism in, 83, 89 Young, John, 103 Z. Zinzendorf, Count, 238, 240, 26?, 263, 204, 265 Zi n Chapel, 103 Zoom, Bergen-op- 176 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. LARGE PAPER COPIES. Antiqcarian and Historical Society, Bradford (J. A. Clapham, Secretary). Atkinson, Samuel. Gentleman, Moor-AIlerton Lodge, Leeds. Brook, Thomas, F.S.A., Merchant, Armytage Bridge, Huddersfield. Beer, John T., F.S.A.S., F.R.S.L., Threapland House, Fulneok, near Leeds. Brown, Thomas, Manufacturer, Mount Cross, Bramley. Beaumont, James, Crawshaw Field, Pudsey. Brear, Thomas, and Co., Limited, Kirkgate, Bradford. Banks, James, Manufacturer, West House, Pudsey. Bywater, William, Clough House, Birstal, near Leeds. Bywater, James, Birstall Foundry, near Leeds. Bennett, William, Lion House, Pudsey. CoLLYER, Rev. Robert, D.D., 137, East Thirty-ninth Street, New York, U.S.A. CUff, John, F.R.Hist.&oc., Nesbit Hall, Pudsey. Carr, Mrs. H. J., Church Lane, Pudsey. Craven, Frank, New Industry Milk, Bradford. Coates, Frederick, Croft Terrace, Farnley, near Leeds. Camidge, William, Secretary, Savings Bank, York. Dyson, William Colbeck, F.S.A.S., Rook House, Batley. Dodgson, Joseph, Bookseller, 35, Park Row, Leeds. Driver, Mrs., Croft House, Stanningley. (2 copies) DawsoQ, Mrs. Joseph, Elm Grange, Bramley, near Leeds. Dickons, J. Norton, Solicitor, 13, Cheapside, Bradford. Empsall, Thomas T., President A. and H. Society, Ashgrove, Bradford. Essington, Miss, Sisters' House, Fulneck. Fbderer, Carl A., L.C.P., 8, Hallfield Road, Bradford. Forrest, W. C, Manufacturer, Woodlands, Pudsey. Gaskell, Milnks-, Charles George, M.P. , J. P., D. L. , Thomes House, Wakefield. Gaunt, Leonard, Manufacturer, Prospect House, Farsley, near Leeds. Grainge, AVilliam, Author of "History of Hairogate," Harrogate. Goodall, J. E., Alma House, Pudsey. Guy, William, Melbourne Place, Bradford. Gaunt, J. W., Summerfield, Calverley Lane, Bramley. Gaunt, Reuben, jun.. Ivy Cottage, Farsley. Gray, James, Greenside Cottage, Pudsey. SS 306 SUBSCRIBERS. Hainsworth, Lkwis, 118, Bowling Old Lane, Bradford. Hutton, Daniel, Fulneck, near Leeds. Hinings, J. Edward, Pudsey. Hainsworth, Thomas E., West View Terrace, Skipton. Hutton, Enoch, Columbarian House, Pudsey. Hinings, George, Littlemoor Hall, Pudsey. Haigh, William, Gear and Slay Manufacturer, Batley. Haley, William, Valley Road, Pudsey. Huggan, William, Manufacturer, Lowtown, Pudsey. (2 copies) Huggan, Thomas, Manufacturer, Lowtown, Pudsey. (2 copies) Hudson, Alfred, Radcliffe Lane, Pudsey. Hepworth, Charles, Grocer, Armley, near Leeds. Heyworth, Charles, Grocer, Tong Road, Armley. Hyland, S., Radcliffe House, Pudsey. Jewers, Arthur J., F.S.A., 6, Seaton Terrace, Mutley, Plymouth. Kershaw, Dr., Radcliffe House, Pudsey. Lister, Rev. E. C. , M. A. , Stanuingley, near Leeds . Lawson, Joseph S., Solicitor, Leeds and Horsforth. Lund, Thomas, Cemetery Road, Pudsey. Library, and Literary Society, Bradford (J. Rhodes, Librarian). Milne, Samuel Milne, Calverley House, near Leeds. Moseley, David, Church Lane, Pudsey. Mills, J. G., Cuttlehurst, Huddersfield. Marsden, Sam, Chapeltown, Pudsey. Margerison, Samuel, Calverley Lodge, Calverley, near Leeds. Priestley, Briggs, M.P., J.P., FemCliffe, Apperley, near Leeds. Pudsey, Lieut.-Col., 2nd E.R. of Y.A.V.C, 6, Crown Terrace, Hull. Peck, William, Bookkeeper, Armley, near Leeds. Ross, Joseph, Manufacturer, Hazelbrae, Farsley, near Leeds. Rayner, Ephraim, 4, Low Town, Pudsey. Rayner, .Joshua, East View Lane End, Pudsey. Rayner, Miss Lilian, Drighlington, near Leeds. Riley, Abraham, Bramley. Robinson, G. H., Bookseller, 16, Market Street, Leeds. Smith, William, F.S.A.S., Osborne House, Morley, near Leeds. Scales, William Dibb, Gentleman, Grove House, Pudsey. (4 copies) Scott, Joseph, Solicitor, Albion Street, Leeds. Salter, Joseph, The Oaks, Horsforth, near Leeds. (2 copies) Stillings, James, Merchant, Radcliffe ViUa, Pudsey. (3 copies) Stockwell, Alderman Edward, Croft House, Morley. Shaw,, Mrs. , Westroyd Villa, Pudsey. Sewell, H. Bartholdy, Long Preston, Craven. Scarth, Ben, Gentleman, Thorp Hall, Wakefield. Suddick, G. , Merton Villa, Headingley. Spencer, Squire, Manufacturer, Littlemoor, Pudsey. Smith, James, Chapeltown, Pudsey. Strickland, William, Sunfield, Stanningley. Stott, Daniel, Littlemoor, Pudsey. Tacey, William G., L.R.C.P., F.R.M.S., 6, Manningham Lane, Bradford. Turner, J. Horstall, Author of " History of Ilkley," Idle, near Bradford. Thackray, William, 16, Hall Ings, Bradford. Thompson, Rev. R. B., The Vicarage, Church Lane, Pudsey. Threapleton, Simeon, Crimbles, Pudsey. Webster, Councillor George, Manufacturer, Tlie Woodlands, Gildersome. Waterhouse, David, 21, Coleridge Place, Hillside Villas, Bradford. SUBSCRIBERS. Wurtzburg, John Henry, 2, De Grey Eoad, Leeds. Womersley, George, Hill Foot, Pudsey. Walton, Edward, Littlemoor, Pudsey. Wilson, Benjamin, Stoney Lane, Ecclesliill, near Leeds. Walker, Matthew, Manufacturer, Swinnow House, Pudsey, Wade, Vickers, Bankhouse Lane, Pudsey. Webster, W. S., Crawshaw Villa, Pudsey. Webster, John, 36, Chapeltown, Pudsey. 307 SMALL PAPER COPIES. Alpam, William, M.A., J.P., Frickley Hall, near Doncaster. Andrews, William, F.R.H.S., Rose Cottage, Hessle, near Hull. Ackroyd, George, J. P., Bradford Banking Co., Bradford. (2 copies) Armytage, George J., F.S.A., Clifton Woodhead, Brighouse. Armytage, Captain Godfrey, The Court, Aokworth, Pontefract. Anderton, William, J. P., Elm Bank, Cleckheaton. Andrew, John, 36, Sunny Bank Terrace, Leeds. Armitage, Henry, Painter and Decorator, Queen Street, Morley. Atkinson, Rev. John, Wohler Allee, 42, Altona, Hamburg. Armitage, Gerald, Greenside, Pudsey. Armitage, Samuel, Greenside House, Pudsey. Anderton, Rev. William Edward, M.A., Woodford, Essex. Bruce, Samuel, J. P., LL.D., St. John's House, Wakefield. Batty, John, F.R.H.S., Author, East .Ardsley, near Wakefield. Bickersteth, Rev. M. C, M.A., Vicar, St. Paul's Vicarage, Stanningley. Briggs, Arthur, J. P., Cragg Royd, Rawden, near Leeds. Binns, Joseph E., 69, Raglan Road, Woodhouse, Leeds. Brammall, J. Holland, Sale Hill House, Sheffield. Binks, John, Com Merchant, Burton Street, Wakefield. Banks, Mrs. G. Linnaius, 34, Fassett Square, Dalston, London. Booth, James, Low Town, Pudsey. Banks, James, Manufacturer, West House, Pudsey. copies) Birks, James W., Hatter and Outfitter, Cliapeltown, Pudsey. Brookes, W. Murray, School House, Bolton Lane, Bradford. Brear, Thomas, and Co., Limited, 17 and 19, Kirkgate, Bradford. Bannister, Lepton D., 36, Hampton Road, Southport, Lancashire. Banks, Mrs., 31, ClifiFRoad, Leeds. Briggs, Samuel T., 18, Southfield Square, Bradford. Brown, James, M.A., 29, Springfield Place, Bradford. Boothman, David, Gentleman, Headingley, near Leeds. Baggaley, George, 16, Ashwood Terrace, New Street, Pudsey. Baker, John, 30, Church Lane, Pudsey. Butler, B., .516, Sticker Lane, Bradfoi-d. (2 copies) Brayshaw, J., 43, Bruce Street, New Wortley, Leeds. Bywater, William, Clough House, Birstal, near Leeds. Banks, Joseph, 6, New Street, Pudsey. Boyes, John, Albion Mills, Pudsey. Briggs, Mr., Cooperative Stores, Greenside, Pudsey. Beaumont, Miss Elizabeth, Greenside, Pudsey. Beaumont, William, Farmer, Greenside, Pudsey. Braithwaite, Sylvester, Fartown, Pudsey. 308 SUBSCRIBERS. Broadhead, L., 1, Church Street, St. Helens, Lancashire. Brown, Benjamin, Currier, Hough End, Bramley. Blackburn, Thomos, Low Lane. Birstall, near Leeds. Bailey, S. A., Beamstey Road, Friziughall, Bradford. Brigg, William, 3, Staple Inn, Holborn, London, W.C. Birks, George, Radclitfe Lane, Pudsey. Blackburn, Miss H., 78, Otley Road, Bradford. Beer, Miss, Bishop Auckland. Beer, Victor E., New York, U.S.A. Booth, Samuel, Greenside, Pudsey. Claeidge, William, M.A., 7, Fareliffe Terrace, Bradford. Cliff, John, F.G.S., F.R.Hist.S., Nesbit Hall, Fulneck. (6 copies) Carr, Albert Edward, Solicitor, Littlemoor, Pudsey. Cud worth, William, Observer Office, Bradford. Cordingley, John R., 10, Melbourne Place, Horton Lane, Bradford. Clarkson, William Henry, Globe Hotel, Rockingliam Street, Leeds. Cooper, William, Gladstone Cottage, Famworth, near Bolton. Chadwick, S. J., Solicitor, Church Street, Dewsbury. Clemens, Rev. E., Fulneck. Clough, John, Hammerton Close, Pudsey. Cole, William, Manchester Road, Bradford. Clough, William Dibb, Scales' Buildings, Chapeltown, Pudsey. Cauthery, J., 129, Napier Street, Laisterdyke, Bradford. Cooper, John, Crawshaw House, Robin Lane, Pudsey. (.3 copies) Cooper, Thomas, Robin Lane, Pudsey. Coates, Frederick, Croft Terrace, Farnley, near Leeds. Crowther, Dr., M.S.A., 1, Bond Street, St. John's, Wakefield. Carleton, Will, Author, 420, Greene Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A. Clapham, John W., Oakdale House, Meauwood Road, Leeds. Clapham, John, Medical Botanist, Oak House, Meanwood Road, Leeds. Cliff, David Yewdall, 7, Wellington Street, Leeds. Cliff, Byron, 2, Lodge View, Tong Lane, Wortley, Leeds. Cliff, Cromwell, Halton Road, Runcorn, Cheshire. Coates, Miss, Marsh, Pudsey. Carr, Edwin, Fartown, Pudsey. Cobley, Fred., c/o Messrs. William Walker and Sons, Otley. Carr, Simeon, Springwood House, Littlemoor, Pudsey. Crowther, Miss, Littlemoor Hall, Pudsey. Clayton, J. S., Scott Hill, Pudsey. Davis, James W., F.S.A., F.L.S., F.G.S., Chevinedge, Halifax. Dyson, George, Draper, Bethel Street, Brighouse. Dodgson, Joseph. Bookseller, 35, Park Row, Leeds. Drake, John, 40, Valley Road, Pudsey. Dixon, David, South Brook Street, Leeds. Dufton, George, Estate Agent, Pudsey. Dufton, Benjamin, 3, Radclifie Lane, Pudsey. Deacon, Mrs. William, St. George's Terrace, Kidderminster. Dodgshun, John Edward, 8, Fountayne Road, Stoke Newington, London. Driver, Mrs. , Croft House, Stanningley. Dale, John, and Co., Booksellers, 17, Bridge Street, Bradford. Dobson, John, Top of Lowtown, Pudsey. (2 copies) Emslky, John, Adam and Emerald Streets, Kensington, Philadelphia. (4 copies) Embleton, Thomas W., Mining Engineer, 'i he Cedars, Methley, near Leeds. EUisdon, W. C, 77, Reginald Terrace. Chapeltown Road, Leeds. Elliott, Rev. R., The College, Fairfield, near Manchester. Eddison, Thomas, Whitehall Road, New Wortley, near Leeds. SUBSCRIBERS. 309 Elsworth, John W., Stanningley. (2 coDies) Ellis, H. T., Fulneck. '^ Eshelby, H.D., 24, Park Road South, Birkenhead, Cheshire. Emsley, John, Stationer, Chapeltown, Fudsey. (4 copies) Enprland, J. G., Hill Top House, Wortley, near Leeds. Emsley, jWatthew, Bookseller, Lowtown, Pudsey. (2 copies) Elsworth, William, Lowtown, Pudsey. Elsworth, Bateman, Wigan, Lancashire. Fallow, T. M., M.A., Coatham House, Coatham, Redcar. Farquhar, James, M.l)., Harrogate. Fearnside, Edwin, Manufacturer, Cliff Mount, Leeds. Fielding, James W., Wortley Lane, New Wortley, Leeds. Friend, Rev. Hilderio, F.L.S., Woiksop, Notts. Fox, William, Longside Lane, Bradford. Farrar, Thomas H.. 45, Savile Park, Halifax. Faubert, Isaac, Faruley, near Lewds. Graham, Rev. H. J., M.A., Buloote House, Scarboroueh. (2 cooies) Goss, W. H., F.G.S., Stoke-on-Trent. v F ; Garth, R. Machill, F.E.I.S., Old Free Manse, Inverkip, Greenock, N.B. (2 copies) Glossop, William, Accountant, :I3, Kirkgate, Bradford. Gaunt, Reuben, Manufacturer, Springwood, Farsley, near Leeds. Gaunt, Charles, Manufacturer, Springwood, Farsley, near Leeds. Gaunt, Leonard, Manufacturer, Prospect House, Farsley. Guest, W. H., 78, Cross Street, Manchester. Groves, Henry, School House, Arkengarth Dale, Richmond, Yorks. Gott, Henry, Poscmaster, Post Office, Pudsey. Gilling, Miss E., Queanbeyan, New South Wales. Glover, J. S., Fulneck, near Leeds. Galloway, Fred., 120, Bowling Old Lane, Bradford. Gambles, Mr. Alfred, Greenside, Pudsey. Gledhill, Benjamin, 129, Hushton Road, Thornbury, Bradford. Gambles, William, Bradford. HuNTEK, William Lovell, M.D., Pudsey. (2 copies) Holroyd, Abraham, Author and Antiquary, Alexandra Road, Shipley. Henderson, Rev. D. A., Congregational Minister, The Manse, Pudsey. (2 copies) Hall, Joseph, Manufacturer, 18, Woodbine Place, Leeds. Huggan, John, Grocer, Pudsey. Haley, Charles Henry, Rickardshaw Lane, Stanningley. Hewitt, John, 92, Harris Street, Leeds Road, Bradford. Holmes, Richard, Printer and Newspaper Proprietor, Pontefract. Hemsley, John, Cotton Warp Merchant, Victoria Road, Morley. Hustler, Benjamin, Cloth Fmisher. Cobden Street, Morley. Harrison, Dennis Rider, Lane End, Pudsey. Hall, Joseph, Chapeltown, Pudsey. Hare, Sam, 9, RadcliflFe Terrace, Pudsey. Hardcastle, C. D., Calverley Chambers, Victoria Square, Leeds. Hainsworth, Henry, Wbodville, Farsley. Hinings, J. Asquith, Rock Villas, Pudsey. Hyland, S., Radcliffe House, Pudsey. (2 copies) Hainsworth, Lewis, 118, Bowling Old Lane, Pudsey. Hutton, Daniel, Fulneck. Hutton, Edmund, Fulneck. Heap, Miss S. E., North Terrace, Fulneck. Hanson, Mrs. George, Tudor Villa, Franklin Mount, Harrogate. Harrison, John, Solicitor, Leeds, and Harrogate. Heap, Elijah, RatcUffe Lane, Pudsey. 3IO SUBSCRIBERS. Hininga, George, Gentleman, Littlemoor Hall, Pudsey. (2 copies) Hinings, Miss, Littlemoor Hall, Pudsey. Hall, Joseph, Brown Square, Skinner Lane, Leeds. Holmes, Professor Oliver Wendell, 296, Beacon Street, Boston, U.S.A. Hinings, F. , 4, Richmond Road, Bradford. Hasse, Rev. Alexander C. , Ockbrook, Derby. Howitt, John, 12, Whiston Grove, Rotherham. Hinings, John W., Bromyard, Worcester. Hay ward, Rev. E., Blenheim House, Pudsey. Halliday, John, Lowtown, Pudsey. Ingham, John, jun., Famley, near Leeds. Ingham, John, The Beehive, Lowtown, Pudsey. James, Philip, Station Master, Brough, East Yorkshire. Jackson, Richard, Bookseller, 18, Commercial Street, Leeds. Johnson, Squire, 10, Scales' Buildings, Ohapeltown, Pudsey. Jecks, Miss, RadcliiFe Lane, Pudsey. Johnson, Ben, 65, Kirkgate, Bradford. Jones, J. E., Grove Villa, Pudssy. Johnson, Samuel, Currier, Moor Top Tannery, Armley. Jowett, Rev. Thomas, Vesper Mount, Kirkstall, near Leeds. Jones, John E., Smalewell, Pudsey. Johnson, Benjamin, Lincoln Street, Balne Lane, Wakefield. KIRKWOOD, Stephen, Stanningley, near Leeds. Kirkby, Joseph, Treasurer, Co-operative Society, Commercial Street, Morley. Kenyon, Walter, Organist, Crawshaw Villa, Pudsey. Lister, John, MA., Gentleman, Shibden Hall, near Halifax. Law, Alfred, Card Maker, The Grange, Cleckheaton. Lawson, J. A., Crimbles, Pudsey. Laycock, Thomas, SkeU Cottage, Ripon. Library, Mechanics' Institute (William B. Burnell), Pudsey. Lawson, Joseph, Hopewell Terrace, Horsforth. Lister, Samuel, Windsor Road, Shipley, near Bradford. Lee, Robert, 50, Victoria Terrace, Ackroyd Street, Morley. Littledale, Mrs., 82, RedclifFe Gardens, South Kensington, London, S.W. Layton, C. Miller, Shortlands, Castle Hill Avenue, Folkestone. Lee, William, 29, Hanover Square, Bradford. Library, Free Public {B. Wood, Librarian, Darley Street), Bradford. Laycock, Samuel, Author, Foxhall Road, Blackpool, Lancashire. Lister, Isaac, 37, Adelaide Street, Southport, Lancashire. Lawson, John, Greenside, Pudsey. Lock wood. Mrs., 3, Bishopsgate Street, Leeds. Lumby, William, Littlemoor Lane, Pudsey. Latimer, Thomas, jun. , Toft House, Pudsey. McCarthy, D. W., 4, Ashchurch Park ViUas, Shepherd's Bush, London. Moseley, David, Church Lane, Pudsey. Myers, S. P., 36, Booth Street, Bradford. Mills, J. G., Cuttlehurst, Huddersfield. Maude, William, Blenheim Mount, Manningham, Bradford. Myers, Simeon, Littlemoor, Pudsey. Middlebrook, John, Pudney and Stanningley News Office, Pudsey. Mortimer, Charles, 791, Franklin Street, Milwaukee, Wis., America. Morrall, M. T. A'Beckett, Balmoral House, Matlock. Margerison, Joe, Calverley Lodge, near Leeds. Mason, Anthony, Arkingarthdale, Reeth, Richmond, Yorkshire. Mathers, Thomas, Smalewell Mill, Pudsey. SUBSCRIBERS. 31 1 Midgley, Mrs., Ilkley, near Leeds. Merritt, Mrs., The Marsh, Pudsey, Moss, James, Greenside, Pudsey. Mann, George E., School Terrace, Chapeltown, Pudsey. Marshall, Joseph, Roker Lane Top, Pudsey. Mallalieu, W. , Swallow Rest, Ockbrook, Derby. Mackellar, Thomas, 606-614, Sansom Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Miliier, Oliver, Hammerton Field, Pudsey. Maude, Thomas, The Heights, Pudsey. Milner, John, jun., Cemetery Road, Pudsey. NoRCLiFFE, Rev. Charles Bkst, M.A., F.S.A., Langton Hall, Malton. New England Historical and Genealogical Society, U.S.A. (J. Ward Dean). Nelson, C. S., Architect, Fulneck, and Albert Chambers, Leeds. Newell, Joseph, Registrar, Elmtree House, Pudsey. (2 copies) Newell, John, Manchester. NeweU, A., Tlie Middle Class Schools, Sheffield. Naylor, John Smith. East View Cottages, Lane End, Pudsey. Norton, John, 16, Harley Street, Intake, Pudsey. OxLEY, Henkv, J.P., Bank, Commercial Street, Leeds. Oxley, Thomas, Grocer and Tea Dealer, 102, Commercial Street, Batley. Oxley, Alfred, Fulneck. Owen, John, Chapeltown, Pudsey. Peacock, Fkedbbick Gillett, 5, Whetley Grove, Manniogham, Bradford. Parker, John, Municipal Buildings, Victoria Square, Leeds. Proctor, Joseph, Oil Dealer, Church Lane, Pudsey. Pitts, Matthew, West View, Staniiingley. Pollard, Mrs. Grace, 31, Sefton Street, Southport, Lancashire. Pitts, J. W., Gas Works, Gomersal, near Leeds. Pearson, M. , Westroyd, Greenside, Pudsey. Pogson, J. W. , 7, Kendall Terrace, Leeds. Procter, Jeremiah, Pudsey. RuSBY, James, F.R.Hist.Soc, 18, Oppidan's Road, Regent Park, London, N.W. Robinson James, Chairman of School Board, Morley, near Leeds. Ross, Fre'derick, F.R.H,S., London. Robinson, John, 12, Fitzarthur Street, Tong Road, Armley, Leeds. Rhodes, W. Venables, Oldfield House, Heckmondwike, via Normanton. Randall, Joseph, Bank Chambers, George Street, Sheffield. Rayner, John, 26a, York Street, Manchester. Rankin, John, 26, Market Place, Dewsbury. Roberts, George, Author of " History of Lofthouse," Lofthouse, near Wakefield. Rushworth, WiUiam, Parkfield Terrace, Church Lane, Pudsey. Rankin, John, 69, Yorkshire Street, Rochdale. Rankin, George, New Street, Chapeltown, Pudsey. Ramsden, Samuel, Black Bull Hotel, Woodhouse, Leeds. (2 copies) Rayner, C. A., 31, Bishop Street, Manningham, Bradford. Rankin, David, 83, Bridge Street, Warrington, Lancashire. Raistrick, Edward, New Street, Pudsey. llawcliffe, George, 33, Wapping, Liverpool. (2 copies) Ryley, F. W., Marsh, Pudsey. Rayner, A. H., 50, Kingston Road, Leeds. Rhodes, George, Horucastle Farm, Nostell, near Wakefield. Ramsden, James B., Greenside, Pudsey. Ross, Mrs. Grace, Littlemoor, Pudsey. Robinson, G. H., Bookseller, 16, Market Street, Leeds. Saywell, Rev. F. L., F.R.H.S., Bentinck Villas, High Ackworth, Pontefract. Sykes, John, M.D., Hall Gate, Doncaster. 312 SUBSCRIBERS. Sehofield, John, 5, George Street, Leeds Road, Bradford. Sowden, John, A.M., 1, Blenheim Road, Bradfom. Salter, Joseph, The Oaks, Horsforth, near Leeds. Sowry, T. A., 22, Bridge Road, Holl)eck, Leeds. Sheard, Michael, Land Agent and Surveyor, Batley. Seholes, Edward Fletcher, Manufacturer, Kirkfield, Morley. Smith, Robert, Waver House, Pudsey. Swithinbank, J. S., Victoria Villa, Roundhay Road, Leeds. Stead, John James, Albert Cottage, Heckmondwike, via Normanton. Salter, Mrs., Intake Road, Pudsey. Salter, John F., Intake Road, Pudsey. Salter, Charles S., Intake Road, Pudsey. Scott, Mrs., 20, St. George's Square, Sunderland. Sehofield, E. , Kingsley House, Manningham, Bradford. Saunders, J., 71, Kathmines Road, Dublin. Stanhope, N., Galloway Place, Calverley, Leeds. Spencer, William, Marsh Lane, Pudsey. Stowe, John, District Advertiser Office, Stanningley. Scruton, William, 35, Clough Street, West Bowling, Bradford. Sugden, Joseph, 9, New Street, Pudsey. Stillings, Thomas, Newx Office, Pudsey. (3 copies) Stockwell, Oliver T., 170, Waterloo Road, Pudsey. Shawe, Miss J. M., Ladies' School, Fulneck, near Leeds. Shuttleworth, Hodgshun, Marsh, Pudsey. Searth, John William, Shipley, near Bradford. Stockdale, Albert, Woodhouse Hill, Hiiddersfield. Sunderland, B., Tailor and Outfitter, Church Lane, Pudsey. Smith, J. W., c/o John Dewhurst and Sons, Skipton. Shepherd, Rev. Ambrose, The Old Parsonage, Morley. Spencer, Squire, Manufacturer, Littlemoor, Pudsey. Speight, James, 'I liornbury, near Bradford. Stott, Daniel, Littlemoor, Pudsey. Taylor, Rev. R. V., B.A., Melbeck's Vicarage, Richmond, Yorkshire. Tomlinson, George W., F.S.A., The Elms, Huddersheld. Town, Joseph, Chapeltown, Pudsey. Town, William, Chapeltown, Pudsey. Tinkler, Rev. John, M. A., Arkengarthdale Vicarage, Richmond, Yorkshire. Titterington, Principal W. T., Fulneck School, near Leeds. (2 copies) Thackray, Fred, Deputy Town Clerk, Town Hall, Queen Street, Morley. Turner, Henry D. , Bramley, near Leeds. Turton, John, Heights, Pudsey. Thackray Charles W. , 1, Mannheim Road, Toller Lane, Bradford. Turner, J. Horsfall, Author, Idle, near Bradford. Tomlinson, Jonathan, Lowtown, Pudsey. (2 copies) Thompson, James, Shawdon, Alnwick, Northumberland. Verity, James, Earlsheaton, near Dewsbury. Verity, J. E. , Draper, Shipley near Brad ford. Verity, G. E., 17. Westgate, Shipley, near Bradford. Verity, E., Draper, Shipley. Wilkinson, John H., F. R.G.S., Newlay Grove, Horsforth, Leeds. Wright, Sam, Solicitor, 10, Piccadilly, Bradford. Womersley, Richard, Manufacturer, Hill Foot, Pudsey. (2 copies) Waterhouse, David, 21, Coleridge Place, Hillside Villas, Bradford. Ward, George, c/o Peacock and Co., Guildford Street. Leeds. Walker and Lay cook. Booksellers, 37, Briggate, Leeds. (3 cop ies) Walker, Henry, Joiner and Builder, Chapeltown, Pudsey. SUBSCRIBERS. 313 Webster, Charles, Littlemoor, Pudsey. Womersley, Daniel, Upper Moor, Pudsey. Whitaker, William, 11, Francis Street, New Leeds, Leeds. Wade, Mrs., Brynbella, Crossbeck Road, Ilkley. Worsnop, J., M. D., 18, Harris Street Bradford. Ward, George, Buckingham Terrace, Headingley. Walker, Matthew, Manufacturer, Swinnow House, Pudsey. (2 copies) Whitley, William O., 13, Merton Road, Bradford. Wilson, John, L.R.C.P. and A.E., Greenbank, Ilkley. Ward, Arthur, Fartown, Pudsey. Watkinson, James E. , Sun Field, Stanningley, Leeds. Wilson, Miss R., The Marsh, Pudsey. (2 copies) Waterhouse, James, Greenside, Pudsey. Whitaker, John D., Tong Road Mill, Armley, near Leeds. Wilson, 'I'homas, Lowtown, Pudsey. (2 copies) Walker, Edwin, 38, Chnrch Lane, Pudsey. (3 copies) Webster, James, Manufacturer, Silver Royd Hill, Wortley, Leeds. Watson, M., Pudsey. Wood, Mr., Belle Vne Street, Hesliugton Road, York. Wade, Aaron, 43, Ash Grove, Bradford. Wilson, Christopher, Fartown, Pudsey. (2 copies) Wilson, Alfred, Manchester. Webster, Miss E., Green Top, Pudsey. Webster, W. S., Crawshaw Villa, Pudsey. Walker, Charles, 26, Thornhill Place, Thornbury, Bradford. Windsor, Isaac, Bottom of Hammerton Field, Pudsey. Webster, Hubert, Manor House Close, Pudsey. Willey, Jos. H., GracehiU, Balleymena, Ireland (2 copies) Ykwdall, Mrs. John Cliff, South View, Rochdale, Lancashire. Yewdall, Zechariah, Brookfield, Calverley, Leeds. Yewdall, A. H., 17, Blenheim Terrace, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds. Yewdall, 0. A., Oaklands, Calverley, near Leeds. TT Lately published, in one handsome volume, with 130 illustrations, printed on thick paper, gilt top and gilt lettered. Price, Demy 870, 7s. 6d.; Demy 4to, i2s. 6ii.; Post Free. M.ORLEY: Alncient and /VIoderh, BY WILLIAM SMITH, F.S.A.S., Author of **The History and Antiquities;" Editor of "Old Yorkshire." Mr. Smith will send the ivork on receipt of Fostal Notes Jor the amotint, carriage free. Address— '^Ix. W. Smith, Osborne House, Morley. OPINIONS OP THE PRESS. Scarborough Gazette, July 8th, 1886. The author of this interesting volume is already favourably known in the literary world as the writer of several topographical works aud books of travel. « « » Especially interesting iu ihe present volume, are chapters 5, 6 and 7, extending over nearly one hundred pages, treatirg of viliage-Uie as it was in Morley from fifty to a hundred years ago. Mr. Smith, with his taste and skill as an antiquary and historian, is at his best in these chapters and similar portions of the book. Old manners and customs, family life, dress recreations, music tn church and chapel, aud many other matters are treated in a con amore spirit, the narrative presenting sometimes even a romantic interest. Leeds Mercury, July 2Hlh, 1886. The past history of the place is pleasantly blended into the account of its modern development in the present work. Its contents, in their arrangement and the care with which everything relating to Morley has been gleaned and classified, make the work an acceptable contribution tu the history of an important section of this great county. Pudsey District Advertiser, July IGthf 1886. Mr. Smith by his splendid and valuable work as Editor of " Old Yorkshire," made himself a name indelibly associated with all that pertains to the past history of "the best shire of England." All who are interested in Yorkshire village life in the olden time ; in the manner in which tlieir fore- fathers lived, ialK>ured and prospered, we cordially recommend Mr. Smith's latest volume. Durham Chronicle, June 18tA, 1886. This volume is a valuable contribution to the history of the woollen manufacture, aud whilst professing to deal with that fraction of England known as Morley, is at the samij time a valuable contribution to the social history of the kingdom at large. We hope Mr. Smith's volume will find a place on the bookshelves of our readers as supplying a want. Westerti Antiquary, June, 1886. Mr. Smith has here given ns another of his choice volumes. "We heartily congratulate hiiu upon the completion of this laboiu- of love. The records of Morley show many scenes of "stiange eventful history." The story is well told by Mr. Smith. Pudsey News, July 2nd, 1886. This work is a fine repertoire of matters of history find interest to the pe -pie of Morley and district. Au elegantly got-up book, with more ilian one hundred engravings which help tlie meaning of the text greatly, and altogether the book forms a lavishly illustrated and valuable local souvenir. Book Lore, July, 1886. Mr. Smith has in this work dealt with a Inrge variety of subjects, antiquarian as well as topo- graphical, and always in a very intelligent aud perspicuous manner. The book Is supplied with a good index— a sine qua nou in treatises of this nature. Yorkshire Notes and Queries, July, 1886. We have in the pages and numerous illustrations of Morley : Ancient and Modern, an insight into village life of the last two centuries sucli as, probably, no other local book affords. The history of Morley for three centuries has now been well written by Mr. cjcatcherd and Mr. timith. XVlll. Bradford Observer, July 9(ft, 1886. The material of this volume mostly refers to the manners and customs, modes of living, dress, house furnishings, and forms of recreation of the people of Morley half -a -century ago, and it is an interesting and somewhat exhaustive record. The work is profusely illustrated and excellently got up, to correspond with " Old Yorkshire," by the same author. Literary Worlds June 25(ft. 1886. Mr. Smith has given us an historical work of great interest. As an accurate picture of life in a village in the olden time ; of the way in which our forefathers ruled them^eIves ; of how they lived and laboured, Mr. Smith's work deserves the highest praise. It is the result of much research— of careful labour, and few are there who will not find in it something novel and worth remembering. Morley Division Chronicle, June hih, 1886. Tills is one of the most ably-written and handsomely-produced volumes of local record and research that it has been our pleasure to peruse or handle. It would indeed be difficult to conceive a more chastely and artistically printed volume. It is a thoroughly honest and conscientious record of all that laborious research has been able to discover concerning ilorley in its relation to the history of strange succeeding centuries. * « * No essential feature of history, contemporaneous or ancient, appears to have been omitted. Wakefield Express, June VZih, 1886. The chapters on "Morley, Fifty years ago'* are the most interesting. The picture of village life is well dra^vn. The chapter on amusements is fuU of interest. Mr. Smith has succeeded In presenting to the inhabitanta of Morley a most readable account of their town history and olden village life. For ourselves we offer our hearty thanks for the description of village life in the West Hiding In the early years of the present century. Notes and Queries, August '2\st, 1886. We are pleased with Mr. Smith's book. » • • lie has accumulated many interesting facts in his note-books. The kindly tone in which he speaks of most of the persona he has occasion to notice is alike creditable to his heart and understanding. Textile Manufacturer, October I5tk, 1886. This work consists of archasological matter, and notes of ancient customs, manners, recreations, amusements, and sundries gleaned from the recollections of the older generation, which Is rapidly passing away. The sketches of the village— we beg pardon — town's notables are very interesting. The whole book forms pleasant reading. Scotsman, November 8(A, 1886. A handsome and substantial volume. » » » Mr. Smith is an industrious and painstaking chroniclei* ; the volume before us contains an Inmiense amount of historical, archaeological, and topographical information. Bamsley Independent^ November 6(A, 1886. This very handsome volume would of itself have established the fame of the author of "Old Yorkshire " as an antiquarian and topographical writer of the first rank, * * Well printed, elegantly bound, and profusely illustrated. * • * It is a highly interesting work for the student of local history and social manners and customs. Picayune (New Orleans), November 8th, 1886. This history of Morley — a little town that antiquarians know, if the tourists do not — is a book of infinite charm, and one that every reader, whether he may have heard of Morley or not, will peruse with interest. Morley Observer, June I9th, 1886. The present volume gives an account of the early history of the place during the Saxon, Nor- man, and Plantagenet periods, more particularly as to the social condition of the people ; also a list of the inhabitants of the village in 1379, with a dissertation on the significance of the names by which our ancestors were known. Coming down to the Commonwealth period, interesting and amusing extracts are given from Oliver Heywood's Diaries, having reference to Morley, and these furnish some curious and charming phases of village life in those early times. The chapters on ^forley fifty years ago are written from a familiar knowledge of what is unique and curiously engaging in West Riding usages and traditions, and in a siLgularly charming style. The book is a marvel of cheapness. It is truly a wonder to us that a work so teeming with information, so expensively and exquisitely illustrated, can be sold for the price. It is uniform with " Old Yorkshire," and may be taken from the shelves or placed upon them as the last, but by no means ,least, of the author's contributions to the history of Yorkshire. Manchester Examiner and Times, Octoler 14th, IBSG. This is a capital specimen of a very useful class of books Those who are acquainted with the instructive and entertaining work " Old Yorkshire," of which Mr. Smith was the editor, will not need to be assured of his qualifications for his latest task, and in " Morley, Ancient and Modem" he has found a subject admirably adapted for the full display of his painstaking research and literary skill Mr. Smith has the happy knack of selecting just the facts which are at once the most interesting and most illuminating. We have always had a liking for well-executed books of this class, and *' Morley "■ is certainly one of the best of them. XIX. Boston (America) Literary World, Sep. ith, 1886. It is not often that an English local history finds its way to American readers, and if the work before us is a fair example of its class we shall wisli the event might happen of tener. In completeness of plan, in thoroughness of treatment, in attention to all those little details that make up the per- fection of a book viewed from the bibliographical stand-point, in illustrations both as regards number, variety, and quality, in typography and binding, this volume on " Morley " has individuality, value, interest, and beauty ; it is singularly attractive at the first glance, and its contents repay carefiU reading, even to one who has no personal concern with its subject, and who looks on local history only with the most general and abstract sympathy. Yorkshire Post, Aug. ith, 1886. This history of " Morley " will always be valuable in antiquarian eyes, not so much from the light it will throw upon the career of any old fam.ilies, or upon the lesser known parts of English history, but because it will always serve fairly to illustrate the conditions of English village life at certain epochs. Over and above this, the local interest of Mr. Smith's volume will sei-ve to place it among the books which historians of Yorkshire, and students of West Biding life and character, must always consult In his account of old village life in '' Morley," Mr. Smith is always happy. Antiquary, August,\%iQ. This brilliantly-bound book is practically the note-book of a local antiquary, who has known how to collect and put together information that is of the greatest interest to antiquaries. Such books are not often to be met with, and we, at any rate, welcome them. Academy, Sep. IK*, 1886. Mr. Smith, in this entertaining volume, loves to dwell in the past, and from charters, registers, deeds, and the gossip of old inhabitants, to revive the memory of Morley in its earliest days He has a facile and somewhat discursive pen, aud treats of pretty well every subject which can "be brought within his scope, from the Romans in Morley, A.D., 43, to the operations of the Parliamentary Boundary Commissioners, A.D., 1885. The book is illustrated with some spirited engravings. Ossett Observer, July \Qth, 1886. This work forms a handsome volume, and is profusely illustrated. It teems with interesting information The work reflects credit on Its author, aud on the locality whose annals he has so fully and faithfully placed before his readers. Professor Oliver Wendell Holmes. LL.D., D.C.S , Boston, America, yluttor o/"Elaie Venner," " Autocrat oi the Breakfast Table," "Life of Emmerson,"" Guardian Angel," etc. I have found your book exceedingly Interesting, and notwithstanding the local character which gives It Its distinctive flavour, I And much wliich has Its parallel In my own recollections. I feel sure that the volume will be heartily welcomed by your own community, and I find many Interested readers on this side of the water. Rev. Charles Haddon Spubgeon, Baptist Minister, London. Author of " The Treasury of David," " Morning by Morning," " Evening by Evening," etc. Mr. W. Smith has a genius for topographical writing; he has in "Morley, Ancient and Modern," omitted nothing, and aade the most of everything. He has done for Morley In one direction what Gilbert White did for Selhorne In another. Wo remember preacliing long ago In that growing town, but we did not know the classic ground on which we stood. • * » Thanks, Mr. Smith, for your patient collection of facts. * * Tour noble volume. * * Topographical works have a singular value, and are never without purchasers : this Is one of the best of them. Rev. Phillips Brooks, D.D., Trinity Church, Boston, America, jduiftor 0/ " Sermons," " Lectures on Preaching," " The Influence of Jesus," '" Baptism," etc Your book has Interested me exceedingly. A local history written with si irit and en- thusiasm has always very vivid interest, and Morley seems to me more than a name, now that I have seen it and Its people In your pages. I should be glad to think that some time I should look on It with my own eyes. Lewis Morris, M.A., J.P., Penbryn House, Carmarthen. ^iifAor 0/ " The Epic of Hades," " Songs of Two Worlds," "Gwen,'' " Songs Unsung," etc. Tour book Is exceedingly interesting, and the Illustrations are admirable. County histories and district histories are most valuable, especially when literary ability Is found combined with loving and accurate local knowledge, as In your books. Will Cableton, M.A., Brooklyn, America. Authorof "Farm Ballads," "Farm Legends," "Farm Festivals,'' "City Ballads," etc. Tour neighbours certainly owo you a debt of gratitude for thus opening to them the picture gallery of pen and graver to show them about "the auld toun." The descriptions, always in your terse but picturesque style, are all that could be desired, and the whole work fccema to mo a grand success. Mark Twain (S. 8. Clemens), Hartford, Conn., America. Author of "The Innocents Abroad," " The New Pilgrim's Progress," " Huckleberry Finn," etc. 1 am reading your book with absorbing Interest as opportunity occurs. XX. John Ellkrthorpb (Porelgn Bdltor, Daili/ Telegraph), London. Your book is very Interesting. These old local memorials are calculated to be of great ad- vantage. The time of which we know least is generally that Immediately preceding our own which has not yet become history. Charles Dudley Warner, Hartford, Conn., America, jdartoro/ "My Summer in a Garden," "Back-log Studies." " Life of Washington Irving," etc. Your most Interesting antiquarian volume ; such a mass of old time details, and so pro- fusely illustrated. Allow me to congratulate you on the success of your work. Walt Whitman, Camden, New Jersey, America. Author of " Leaves of Grass," "Centennial Songs," '-Drum Taps," etc. A handsome and most interesting book. William Alltngham, Surrey, England. Author of "Day and Night Songs," " Ulackberries Picked oil many Bushes," "Lawrence Bloomfleld," etc. Your matterful " History of Morley.'' • » * Books of this sort have a charm of their own, and you have performed your task with loving diligence and success. Hon. Qkorgb H. Boker, Philadelphia, America. AvOior of " The Book of the Dead, ' " War Lyrics," " The Lesson of Life," and other Poems, etc. I have read your History of Morley with great pleasure, and I congratulate yoa on having Issued 80 admirable a work. I have always taken great interest ia local histories, and I have taken so great an interest In that of Morley, that on my next visit to England, I shall certainly make the acqualetance of your town. Bev. W. H. FURNESS, D.D., Philadelphia, America. Author of " The Story of the Eesurrectlon," " Verses and Hymns," etc A handsome volume, and full of interest. The account of old-time manners and customs interests me very much. L0DI8A CHANDLER MocLTON, Bo-tou, America. Author of "Random Rambles," "Bed-Time Stories," " More Bed-Time Stories," " Poems," etc I have read your delightful book. I consider it one of my treasures. I should like to see the Morley which in its ancient and modern aspects you have so delightfully portrayed. William Winter (Dramatic Critic), Staten Island, N.Y , America. Author of" English Kambles," "The Trip to England," "Shakespeare's England," " Poems,* ' etc. Your valuable and deeply interesting work. Your patient research is remarkable, and your evident love of suggestive antiquities and the associations, historic and romantic, of your beautiful country, imparts to your pages a picturesque charm and the vitality of truth. I am glad to possess your book. Adeline D. T. Whitney, Wilton, N.H., America. Author of "The Gayworthys," "The Real Folks," "Tne Other Gh-ls," " Bonnyborough," " Pansles,'' etc. I am charmed with what your book offers me— a real abiding In the quaint old place and its memories. It certainly offers a complete possession to the reader. James Parto.v. Newburyport, Mass., America. Author of "Lives of Franklin, Jefferson, Burr, Jackson, and Greeley," "Captains of Industry,'' etc. I have read the whole of your beautiful volume with great pleasure. A work of this kind could not be better executed. Gail Hamilto.v, Hamilton, Mass., America. Author of "Summer Rest," "Gala Days," "Wool Gathering," "Battle of the Books," "Red Letter Days," etc. An Interesting book. The pictures are charming. It is a mine of delight. It is like hearing stories about one's old home. Rev. James Freeman Clarke, D.D., Boston, America. Author o/" Common Sense in Religion," "Ten Great Religions," "Memorial and Biographical Sketches," etc. A beautiful book, which I have read with the greatest Interest. Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Newport, R. J., America. .4M<Aoro/"Atlantic]Bssays," "Out-Door Papers," i'diforo/" Harvard Memorial Biographies," etc. I have read your book with much Interest, and much of the anliquarian Information Is of peculiar Interest to Americans. John Fiske, Cambridge, Mass., America. Author of " Myths and Mythmakers," " The Destiny of Man," " Outlines of Cosmic Philo- sophy," etc. Your "Morley " is a very interesting volume, and pleases me very much. XXI. John G. Saxe, Albany, America. Author of "'Pmmi," "The Proud Miss MacBiide," •' Leisure Day Rhymes," "Progress, a Satire," etc. Your beautiful book, with Its charming descriptions of English village life of the olden time. S. Austin Alubonb. LL.D., New York, America. Author of" A Critical Dictionary of English Llteramre, and British and American Authors," etc. I am pleased with your work. I value highly good topographical books, for they are collec- tions of facts in which each generation is successively interested. FRiiDEKiCK Saunders, Lenox Library, New York, America. Author of " Pastime Papers," " Salad for the Solitary and the Social," etc. Although its Interest is centered In (to me) a strange locality, yet it is none the less accept- able reading, and the copious Illustrations carry me In spirit to your picturesque old town of Morley. Henry M. Brooks, Salem, Mass., America. Author of "TSe^n England Sunday," " Literary Curiosities," "Strange and Curious Punishments." Your valuable and charming work. I have been delighted with it, and so have my family and friends. J. W. Palmer, LL.D., New Haven, Conn., America. Author of "Folk Songs," "The Golden Dagon," " Poetry of Compliment and Courtship," etc. I am delighted with yonr book. Whatever relates to local antiquities in England, folk lore, and tlie old rural life and " ways," has peculiar charms for me. F. H. Underwood, M.A., U.S. Consul, Glasgow. Author of " A Hand Book of English Literature." Your history of Morley la exceedingly curious, quaint, and interesting. Charles Egbert Craddock, St. Louis, Mis., America. Auth(yr of '* In the Clouds." " In the Tennessee Mountains," " Down the Ravine," etc. The perusal of "Morley" has given mo much pleasure. The details of the antiquated customs, and the glimpses of character that they afford, awaken a genuine sympathy with the old Yorkshire " ways," and give a very complete understanding of the life and gradual develop- ment of an ancient English town. The traditions and relics and records impress me as peculiarly Interesting and quaint. Horace Howard Furness, Boston, Mass., America. Author of " A New Variorum Edition of Shakespero," etc. Apart from historical value (which is unquestionably great), local histories are exceedingly interesting when they are written with the exhaustive thoroughness which you have here displayed. Old times are lived over, old scenes recalled, old oustums are revived or embalmed, and a dramatic interest is imparted to them all, by the sharp contrast with the stirring life of to-day, whicli you emphasize throughout. Benson J. Lossing, LL.D., A.M., Dover Plains, America. Author o/ " Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution," " Life of Washington," "A History of England," etc. Your work la a book after my own heart. I am surprised and delighted to find how similar has been your experience to thnt of my own,'and how nearly the characteristics of Morley fifty years ago agree with those of the hamlet where I passed the days of my Infancy and early child- hood at the same period. The notice in the Boston Literary Worlds of your volume, conveys a just estimate of the character and value of your work. Henry Charles Lea, Philadelphia, America. Author of " Studies in Church History," " Supematurallsm," " Superstition and Force," etc. A handsome and interesting volume. I have read It sufflclently to recognize how much of curious research it has required, and how much there Is In it illustrative of forgotten customs. Donald G. Mitchell (J. K. Marvel), Erlgewood, N. Y . America. Author of " Bound Together," " Reveries of a Bachelor," " Wet Days at Edgewood," etc. Your very welcome book on *' Morley " is full to overflowing. If only other or all towns were written uo and pictured as your zeal and Iniustry have pictured this— what a new Old England would beam upon us ! Frank R. Stockton, New York, America. Author o/" Rudder Grange," •" The Hundredth Man," "The I'loating Prince," "Our Story." I am very much pleased with your Interesting and valuable book on " Morley." Rev. E. Everett Hale, D.D., Roxbury. Mass., America. Author of "How to do it," "In His Name," "The Good Time Coming," "A Summer Vacation," etc. I have been very much interested by your curious and valuable study of Morley. It is from such bociks that history is to be made, if history Is to be worth anything ; and I never read one of them without wishing there were more of them. THE REGISTERS OF Calrcrlcj) Pavisl) Cl)urcl), Pols, t, anb it. (Vol. III. IN THE Press, and will be ready shortly), 1574—1650, 1650-1680, "With a Sketch of the History of the Church. Illustrated and Indexed. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. The Registers of Calverley commence in 1574, and the present volume gives their contents to 1649. They appear to have been carefully transcribed and printed, and are rendered easy of reference by a good index. More than this it is unnecessary to say of them, but our obligation to their editor does not end here, he has not only given us a copy of the Registers, but has supplemented them by a mass of useful and well-digested information relating to the parish. His notes on Calverley Church, its ancient Memorial Cross Slabs, the Living, and Testamentary Burials from Torre's MSS., form an instructive chapter for those whose tastes are general instead of genealogical The "Register of Seats," and additional notes, especially those from the Bradford Registers, are a most useful conclusion to the volume. We cor- dially recommend Mr. Margerison's book to our readers, and hope that it will meet with sufficient encouragement to enable him to complete his valuable undertaking. — 7/ie Genealogist, [anuary, 1881. Mr. Samuel Margerison has set a praiseworthy example in showing what a good piece of work may be done by a little private enterprise. He has printed entire the first volume of the Calverley Registers, extending from 1574 to 1649, in a neat and compact volume, which also includes an interesting history of the church and its in- cumbents, and is illustrated by several engravings ; and he has been able to place it in the hands of his subscribers at an absurdly small price. That it is no trifling matter may be gathered from the fact that the register entries alone are over 4,500 in number The book is nicely printed and bound, and has an excellent index. We have, nothing but words of praise for Mr, Margerison. — Noles and Queries, November lyh, 1880. Mr. S. Margerison has done good service, to the historian of Yorkshire at the least, by taking up and executing as a private individual, the task which the Harleian Society has undertaken in London, by publishing the registers of the extensive parish of Calverley, near Leeds. He has thus brought to light and put on record many curious facts relating to Yorkshire families. — The Antiquary, Dec, 1880. The publication of the Registers of Calverley Parish Church ia a matter of great local interest (The first volume) has been printed in its entirety. It is as complete as it has been possible to make it all that remains having been faith- fully reproduced. — Leeds Mercury, 26th /an., 1881. This is a little volume which contains, besides the names and dates taken from the Parish Registers, a sketch of the history of the church, and a clearly engraved view of the church and adjoining grounds — Yorkshire Post, \qth Jan., 1881. Address:— Saml. Margerison, Calverley, nr. Leeds. Eocal Boofes, i)ij J. I^orsfall Curncr. Haworth, Past and Present : A History of Haworth, Stanbury, and Oxenhope. 20 Illustrations. 3s. "Mr. J. Horsfall Turner has here given us a Helightful little history of a place which will always have an interest for the student of English literature. We have not space to deal with it as lengthily as it deserves, but we can say that all should read it who care to know anything of the little village made memorable by the Brontes' fame. It may be obtained of the author, Idel, Bradford, and is ridiculously cheap." — Graphic, Jan. 31, 1880. Nonconformist Register of Births, Marriages, and Deaths, 1744- 1750, by the Revs. O. Heywood and T. Dickenson, from the MSS. in the Congre- gational Memorial Hall, London, comprehending numerous notices of Puritans and Anti-Puritans in Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, London, &c., with Lists of Popish Recusants, Quakers, &c. Five Illustrations, 380 pages, 6s. The Rev. O. Heywood, B.A., 1 630-1 702: His Autobiography, Diaries, Anecdote and Event Books, Illustrating the General and Family History of Yorkshire and Lancashire. Four volumes, 380 pages each, illustrated, bound in cloth, 6s. each. Independency at Brighouse : Pastors and People, 4 Illustrations, 3s. Nonconformity in Idel, and History of Airedale College, 10 Illustrations (autotype portraits of Rev. J. Dawson, Founder of Low Moor Iron- works ; Rev. W. Vint, S.T.P.), &c. 3s. BioGRAPHiA Halifaxiensis : A Biographical and Genealogical History for Halifax Parish. Two volumes, 380 pages, wi'.h Portraits, 6s. each. Vol. I. is a reprint of half of Mr. Watson's "Halifax," that is, such chapters as the Halifax Worthies, Vicars, Benefactors, &c. This volume thus serves a double purpose, as it is a literatim reprint. Vol. II. will be an original compilation, noting the Families and Worthies for six hundred years. Life of Captain John Hodgson. 1640-83. Illustrated, is. 6d. This is a reprint of the 1806 publication, said to have been edited by Sir Walter Scott. The Captain narrates his exploits in the Wars at Bradford, Leeds, Lancashire, Isle-of-Man. Scotland, &c., and the troubles that followed on his settlement at Coley Hall, near Halifax ; his imprisonment in York Castle, &c. The Antiquities of Halifax: By the Rev. Thomas Wright. A Literatim Reprint, is. 6d. Triplex Memoriale (York, 1650). Three quaint Sermons by William Ainsworth, preached at Halifax, on Waterhouse's Charities. From the only known copy. 2s. Halifax Gibbet Book, with Appendix, 2s. Ready for the Press : — The Elland Feud, 2s. Krabtree's Almanack, 1685, 2s. The Bridges of W. R. Yorkshire : Their Histories and Mysteries. By the late Fairless Barber, Esq., F. S. A., and J. Horsfall Turner. Ilkley: Ancient and Modern. By the Rev. Robert Collyer, D.D., New York, U.S.A., and J. Horsfall Turner. In one handsome volume, 80 Illustrations, demy 8vo, extra cloth gilt. Price — Library edition, 14s. ; large paper, of which very few remain, 24s. *„* P.O. Orders payable at Idel, near Bradford. >;./^n^„.^v^^^-,-,>,lj ^A/>rK, /!' ^A,'_^,-vA ./-v:/N^o, EyjiyjiikiuLO lAl^^iSS ^r^^'/^''^,,r^/ '■^^^:r\/^^^' ^^r,,^r\ ^fsk^^t^m- uLuLi«*i o^^^K■^^l ^^M :f^n^^^:m^H AAj^iC^r^'N; ^r '&^ K^^^.^.D^r ■_.!:■/:' W^^ft^e'fiPf^c^ ^^?^,^^-J.^^-i,;NA ^;^#^#^^»»C^^^ ^^^^^aK^A'^r^;; ^rr^r'^AAr'^'r' .^^AftSP';^" Ife' :^^-^^^^^^^^^,^ |imU|,.,r ;RARA^,^ ^ipNV ,',»',-.\'«7>A!';''A ''^^A^? /*f#^ f^^^R^^JvRf^-r^'^^'r^f^^^.^^^ ■W^^W^^^-^^:'' ^^MWi >AAA«.^<^' ^^■^^ftr''^>^ uiSArrAiM^M '-'*iiiu«ir, 07aU^ ^4SiMi>M>«6f<J ^^^^ft*A^^^^'^ -•^-»s»a£^t ^U"-|A'AA_^^^"^ ,2S0AA^A M!»»ft^^ m^tf^^ f^^p^i^^^f\Xf\t^f<f\f<f^i^f^ ^c^mmmm-i''^- mmmm^: ^.fiZft.A^-^^VAA/:A, XTJjAUALyiMWfWlBlwrvy»WAUOjg -a^^l^m. mm