COLLECTION

O F

LETTERS,

AND

STATE PAPERS.

F R O M T H E

ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS

O F

Several Princes and great Personages in the two
lair. Centuries; with fome curious and fcarce
TRACTS, and Pieces of Antiquity, Modern
Letters, &C. on feveral important Subjects,

In TWO VOLUMES.

To which arc added

MEMOIRS of the unfortunate Prince Anthony the
Firft of Portugal, and the Oecono.mv of High-Life.

Compiled by L. HOWARD, D. D.

Redtor of S:. George's, Southwark, and Chaplain to her Royal
Hishneis the Princefs Dowap-er of Wales.

VOLUME the Second.

LONDON-

Printed for the Aothor; M.DCCLVT.

THE

O N T E N T S

Of the Second Volume,

v :..

N. B. This Volume goes on from Page 376 in the firft Volume
where the'firft part of this Collection ends,

AN Original Letter from King Cbarlesl. to his Siller 377

Letter of advice concerning the choice of Members of Par-
liament 378
Letter from Sir Francis JVindebank to King Charles I, 594
Some curious inftrudtions to the Commander of Cromwells Fleet qqS
Letter from Sir Henry Hide, Amballador ol Charles 2d in "Turkey

giving an account of the affair betwixt him and Sir Thomas Bendijh,

Others AmbafTador at the Port 400

letter from the Earl of Derby, to Commiflary General Ireton .103

A remarkable Aneclxlote concerning Lord Shaftejbury Tryal ib,

Letter from the Duke of Monmouth to the Duke of Albemarle 405

The Duke of Albemarle 's anf\ver to the fame 406

A lift of King Jame? II Army, with a particular account of their

manner of encamping on Honficw-Hath, 16S6 407

A copy of a writing found in a Noblemans Clofet, in relation to

King James the II. going off' 409

Speeches in Parliament, Letters, &c* of Lord Howard foon after

the Reftoration from 410 to 440

* An Original Commiflion for Captain of' a Company of Foot by

Oliver Cromwell **44i

A \Y arrant, fign'd by James II. for the Arms of his natural Son

Henry Fitz James 1687 **442

The Duke of Norfolk Earl Marfhal, his order to the Heralds, crV.

fubfequent thereto **443

Speech of Serjeant Puckering, Speaker of theHoufeof Commors

to Queen Elizabeth at Richmond-, advertifing her of the dang r

her Majelty was in by the Queen of Scots **444

Letter from Lord Surrey to r W G^.ri of Suffer **4^o

Remarkable Title to a d:\d of F o .ent temp: Queen Mary T. **45i
Letter from the Arch-bifnup 0. Dubhu Mr, Stcietary Wilfcn **4 3 2
A curious tract of the nature force and progrefs of the Imagination "**454

a Letters

The c Letcers, c s"c b:ing put in, in this place by miflake are du'inguii'b.'d. by
two Stars, via, *J^ (ill page 441

ii CONTENTS of the Second Volume.

Letters wrote by Dr. Howard the Compiler and printed in a

Weekly Paper, 1738 441

A Letter from Sir Robert Cotton to Sir Edward Montague 1621. on

the ancient power of the Commons of England 465

A moil extraordinary relation taken from an old manufcript 471

Letter from F. Grevillzx. Venice to Lord 473

Inflructions on the bill tor free Trade 478

Extract of a Letter from Dr. Worthington to Mr. S. H. very curious 4.96
A fpeech made to the French King at Verf allies 497

Original inilructions to the Earl of Manchefler, fign'd by Queen

Anne 503

Original Letters from the Earl of Peterborough 505

Queen Anne to the Re-publick of Venice, in Latin 508

Mr. TfAvenant to the Duke of Marlborough 509

Sir Dudley Carletcn to the Earl of Salijbury 513

The Mayor of Norwich's expence for a publick dinner with a re-
markable Speech 516
Account of the Embaffy of Sir Thomas Wilks 518
An original love letter of Sir George Hayward, 1550 521
Letter from the King of Scotland to Queen Elizabeth 523
Letter from the French King to Lord Sujfex Temp: Elizabeth 524
Letter from Lady Stafford, to Mr. Secretary Cromwell Temp. Hen. 8 525
Lord Murray's folemn Oath at taking the Regency of Scotland 527
The names of the Abbies, whole Abbots were of the Houfe of

Peers 528

Profelibr Sandcrfons Lectures on Sound 529

Letter from the Emperor to Ins General Sevcndi $37

Letter from Pope Gregory XV. to King Charles I. when Prince of

Wales 539

Letter horn the Duke of York to he Chaife 1675 542

Letter from he Chaife to Father Petres 544

Letter from Mr. Cults [afterwards Lord Cutis'] to the Earl of Mid-
dle ton 550
Addrefs of the Anabaptifts 551
Lord Chancellor Jeffries' s Speech to Lord Chief J u Mice Herbert 553
Addrefs to the Engii/h i/rote Hants in King James II. Army 555
Letter from the Queen of Sweden to the Chevalier Torlon 556
Petition of the Fellows ol [Trinity College Cambridge to the Rump
t Parliament ;- 8
A Letter from Lord Paget at Vienna 500
Account of King James II reception at Oxford 5^ 2

Account

CONTENTS of the Second Volume, iii

Account of the Czar and King Williams meeting 564

Remarkable Letters from the Molucca IJlands $66 to 568

Part of an old M.S.S. in the Houfc of Be Dreux 569

Imitation of the famous Soliqui in Hamlet 570

Sir Thomas Sadler s Epitaph 571

Original Letter from Sir R. JV. to General Churchill ib.

A Letter from Mr. P to Mr. Cook 57 2

A Latin Oration on the Stage 574

Humorous Letters againft Lap-dogs 576

Letter concerning the Private Expedition of- Mr Trior to France

negotiating a Peace 577

A remarkable Letter to Dr. Owen 588

Letters fron Dr. Baker of St. Johns Coll: Cambridge to Mr. Cook 592

from Mr. Henley of Grange, to ditto 596

1 from Ambrofe Phillips, Elqi to ditto 597

from Dr. Baker, to ditto 596

... -from Mr. IVhijlon, tc ditto 600

An Original Letter from the Dutchefs of Marlborough to Prince

Eugene 602

M. Voltaires Letter, containing his opinion of the Minute Philofopher 604
A Letter [as fuppofeel] to Sir Robert V/arpok 605

A Letter of the Compilers, taken from a Weekly Paper with fome

paricular remarks and directions for the ufe of young perfons 608
An Appeal to rhepublick in the late Rebellion, 1745 617

Tvo Letters from the Earl of Fffex, Tern: Eliz. 62 7

Anectdote of Dutchefs of Bavaria 640

Original Letters of Lord Ha/tings, Tern: Rich 3. 641

Letter from Mr. Dobree of Clapham, to the Candid Difquifition

with his character in a note 642

Original Trad from the M.S.S. of Dr. Baftere C4.6

Letters to the Rev. Mr. Lawrence ori fome intended alterations in our

Littrgy 650 to 653

Anotlu r very curiousand fenfible charge from Six Henry Butler 6^ to 664
Some r_rc- k poetry ou a Dog of great parts belonging to a Civilian in

Doctors Commons 665

A remarkable Epitaph 666

A very Antient a*. 3 riulcfophical account of Water 667

Letter to Mr. T'heoj u:s C'wbcr, from Mr. Savage under fentence of

death 6j 5

A cii/ious arc 1 : Ancient Tr :t on the fecret and natural averfion and

^^~i^)i\ ol ionie creatures 6 y

vi CONTENTS of the Second Volume.

A curious and ancient tract on Man's going upright 68 1

A remarkable anedldote of Pope Sextus, &c. 684

Letters to Mr. Ccok 6Sy to 696

A Letter from Dr. Hough the good bifhop of Wcrccjter, in the

89th year of his Age 6gy

More Letters to Mr. Cock 6^8 to 706

A remarkable letter to Mifs on her going to be married 707

Verfes to the Memory of M. Concanen Attorney General of Jamaica 700
Verfes to the prefent bifhop of Winchefttr on his Sermons y i0

An Ode on the birth of Mailer Stone Son of Andrew Stone. Efqj 71 1
Epitaph on the Right Hon. Henry Pelhatn, Efq;
Verfes to Lord Weftmoreland
To a Lady on dropping one of her Gloves
An Anfvver to Ditto.

OEconomy of high-life in an Appendix dedicated to Mr. Onflow 1 to 58
Supplement to OEconomy of high-life containing great charac-
ters, &V. 59

712
ib.

714

f*\ 7f\ A> /f\ /*\ /\ *V\

mm # # ^
38L 3fe* ^

^/LETTERS. 377

An original LETTER from K. Charles I. to his
Sifter the J^ of Bohemia.

My only dear Sifter,

AT HoneywoocTs Arrival (being but a little before Chrijlmas)
I received three Letters from you, to wit, two of the 17th,
the other of the 13th of November (which he delivered himfelf)
two of which I lhall anfwer by this, that that concerns Nether-
fole (hall be anfwered afterwards.

I thought your Love to me fo well known, that I never ima-
gined that any (efpecially your Servants) durft directly traduce
me to you ; but give me leave to fliew you (and as I think infal-
libly) how that indirectly by blaming of my Councels andCoun-
cellors, ill Offices have been done me ; I cannot but call it fo,
when my Actions are mifconftrued : and in this I cannot be mif-
taken, for you fay, that thofe Ways were not taken that in all
Appearance were thought ben: and fpeedieft by your Friends on
that Side, but that all the Time was loft by Treaties and other
Delays ; and this you put upon fome ill affected Perfons about
me ; whereas, I dare affirm, that you will find (if you
will look upon my Proceedings with an unprejudiced Judg-
ment) that all the Error that I have committed is, that I have
fpent too much to no End, that is to fay, before I had a good
Party made j for you muft not think that every one that is againft
the Emperor of Spain is prefently for you - y fo was Sweden, yet
I could never directly fallen him for you : As for the Evangelic
Princes of Germany, they are now fo disjointed a Body, that it is
well if they do for themfelves for want of a Plead ; and until
they be joined by one they can never do us good. And now
France is to be tried, being much to be doubted whether he
will be better natured than Sweden was : Laftly, For the States
(let them now affirm what they will) they did abfolutely deny
to join with me in Arms for the Reftitution of the Parliament,
lor that (as they laid) the Treaty of Southampton did not fo oblige
them ; and this was but a little before I made Peace with Spain,
it being one of the chief Inducements thereto. To conclude,

B b b You

37 8 ^COLLECTION

You blame me for too much ufing of Treaties, they now mull
do you Good before Arms, thereby, either to make a good flrong
Party, or a fair Beginning of a peaceable Reflitution, and I hope
you will excule me from making of more needlefs Expences
before I fee fome good Likelihood, by a good Party, that what
I undertake may be to Purpofe - y and then you {hall fee that
nothing fhall be fpared to do you Service, by

Tour hying Brother to ferve you,

Whkchall, the

Charles K.

1 2th of January 1635

Letters of Advice ', touching the Choice of Knights and

Burgejfes,

The Superfcription.

'To the Honourable Cities and Counties of London, Weflminfler,
Surry, and Southampton (to whom I am efpecially obliged) and
to all other the Honourable and Worjhipful Counties and Corpora-
tions^ throughout the Kingdom of England and Dominion of
Wales, to whom the Choice of Knights and Burgejfes for Par-
liament doth appertain ; humbly pre/bit theje.

Honoured and Beloved,

HAV ING lately received Information, that both Houfes of
'Parliament are not only refolved to call their falfe and
apoftate Members to a jull Account ; but, for ever, alio to difable
them from returning to that Parliamentary Trull and Dignity,
which they have unworthily dishonoured and deferted ; I pre-
tumed thereupon, that the Vacancy of thole many Rooms which
are now void by their Failings, and the Want of thole Worthies,
whom God hath (perhaps for our Sins) called out of this Life
iince the Parliament began, would fhortly neceflitate the renewing
of that Number of Knights, Citizens , and Burgejfes, which compleat
the Hokfe cf Commons. I conjectured alio, that the more fpeedy

Summons

^/LETTERS, 379

Summons *vould be fent forth for their Election, becaufe the Wif-
dom of our Great Council fails not (I hope) to confider, how cafual
their precious Lives are who now fuflain the heavy Burthen of
public Affairs ; how intolerable it might prove, if the prefent
Supporters thereof mould be much more diminiihed ; how pof-
fible it is, that fome time or other, Advantages may be taken by
the Paucity of the Number, to endamage the Tublic, by thole
who wait for fuch Opportunities > and how many Accidents may
Suddenly happen, to difturb that Means of a free Election, which
is now clear in many Parts of this Kingdom.

Therefore being wofully experienced in the manifold Miferies
whertinto this Nation is plunged, by the Corruption and Inef-
ficiency of Perlbns heretofore chofen (or prefumptuoufly intrud-
ing upon that High Calling ;) and perceiving no public Means
provided for Prevention of the like Mifchief hereafter, nor any
Man privately contributing his Advice, toward the regulating of
thole Elections, from whence our prefent Calamities have fprung,
and whereupon the Remedy both of prefent and future Mifchiefs
may depend : I have, upon thefe, and the like Considerations,
haflned to fend abroad among you my humble Letters of Ad-
rice; not, as one arrogating a Sufficiency fully to direct or advile
in all Things pertinent to the due Choice of your Knights, Citizens,
and Burgejfes, but rather as one (feniible of the common Danger)
offering his weak Endeavours to be a Means of ftirring up and
provoking others of more Sufficiency, to take timely Notice of
his Intention ; and to employ their better Judgments, in perfect-
ing thefe good Purpofes toward the Procurement of a prudent
managing and Execution of your Elections. And I delire, for
your own Sakes, that my good Meaning may not be utterly de-
1 piled or made void.

For, I addrefs not thefe Lines for fuch private and corrupt
Ends, as thole for which you heretofore received many Letters
from Lords and Ladies, to muffle into your Ejections, thole of
their Court-cards, or of the vulgar Tack, which might be moll
ferviceable to their own Dcligns ; but honeftly to difcharge that
Duty, whereto I am obliged both by our National Covenant, and
my perfonal Affection, to the Common-good ; and, fo to prepare,
before the Days of Election, thole of inferior Rank and meaneft

B b b 2 Capa-

<3 8o i COLLECTION

Capacities, to whom the free Choice of Knights, Citizens, and Bur-
gefes appertains, by presenting unto them needful Cautions and
Confiderations, thatthey might thereby (ifpoffible)be rendred more
capable and more confcionable of their Duties to their Country
and themfelves in that Point ; and become willing to be instruct-
ed, how much it concerns their own, and the public Intereft
and Safety, to be well advifed, and heedful in the faid Elections.
And, to that End, I befeech you, to whom thefe Mi/Jives do
come (and among whom better Oratory is wanting) that their
Words or Contents may, in private, or at your Conventions in
public, be So Signified to thofe illiterate Perfons, whofe Voices
are ufually given by an implicit Faith, that they may more dif-
creetly confer them for the Time to come.

Left by that Courfe which thefe were wont to run,
Both Good and Bad together be undone.

That my Advice intended may be the more willingly enter-
tained, I will firft make bold to remember you of thofe Mil-
chiefs and Inconveniences, which are obferved to be the Fruits
of inconfiderate Elections ; and how traiterous you are unto
yourfelves and Country therein. I will next prefent you with a
brief Character, or Qualification, both of thofe whom you ought
to reject, and of thofe who are fit to be elected for your Knights
and Burgcjjes in Parliament. And, laftly, I will offer to your
Coniideration, that which 1 conceive to be the beft Means for
preventing Partiality in Choice ; and fo, confequently, for reple-
nishing the HouSe of Commons with Inch Members, as Shall be
likely (by Cod's Blefling) to become Instruments of removing
our prefent MiSchiefs, and of eftablifhing a happy Peace among
us for the future ; if we be not grown So corrupt a Body, that we
will not be represented by good and diScreet Men; which, it Seems,
was formerly our Fault, and made us chuSe a Representative Bo-
dy, in Corruption and Failings, like unto ourfelves.

K The Butterflies produce not Bees ;
Good Fruits grow not on evil Trees.

I will, as I laid, only remember you (for Things apparent
need no Proof) into how many Plagues and MiSeries this Com-
monwealth

^/LETTERS 381

monwealth is plunged, by the Rottennefs and Giddinefs of fome,
formerly chofen to be Members of the Reprefentative Body of
our Commonalty ; and how perfidioufly they have betrayed their
Truft, to their perpetual Infamy, and to the endangering of our
everlafting Slavery both to Tyranny and 'Popery which join':
Bondage would have been nothing lefs accurfed than that of
Egypt, whether coniidered as a temporal or fpiritual Servitude :
And God only knows how long it will yet be, e'er thefe Iflands
fhall be totally delivered from the Dangers whereinto thofe Trai-
tors have formerly brought them. Thus miferable are they able
to make us on whom we confer a Parliamentary Truft, if they
be not wife and confcionable Men ; for we give them Power,
not only to make us Slaves, Beggars, and liable to the Hangman
at their Pleafure ; but to fubmit us alio to thofe Decrees, which
may, gradating bring our Pofterity to be Turks, Pagans, and
Vaifals to the Devil ; which, if you believe not poflible (becauic
not yet come to pafs) believe, at leaft, that which you fee, of
the Condition and Practice of them whom you have unworthily
and unwarrantably elected ; and coniider what may be further
poffible, by their bringing fo far back upon us (as they have
lately done) thofe Antichriftian Slaveries which we thought paft
Fear of reviving.

But, perhaps, Mifchiefs and Inconveniences of lefs Concern-
ment, will ftir up fome to be more cautious in their Elections
than thefe ; let fuch therefore take notice, that by Heedleihefs
in this Duty, they mail make Tyrants and Fools Lords over
them, who will fawn and court them 'til they are elected, and
then fcorn and trample them under Feet 5 putting fuch an im-
meafureable Diftance betwixt themfelves, and others of that Bo-
dy whom they reprefent, and out of which they were chofen, as
if they had forgotten what thev were ; and that the Reibect due
to a whole Committee at leait, if not to the whole Iloufe of
Commons, were due to their fingle Votes and Perfons ; yea,
fome of their Deportments (hall be fuch, as if it were Crimen
Lefce Majejtatis, to fpeak to them, or of them, or in their Pre-
sence, but as they pleafe to permit; and they will 10 take upon
them, and fo demean themfelves likewife, as if to favour their
Clients, to fupprefs thofe whom they difaffect, to ftrengthen their

Faction,

.82 /COLLECTION

Faction, to further their private Defigns, to fecure their own
Eitates, and to defend their perfonal Privileges (though to the
utter Ruin of all public Liberties and true Piety) were the chief
End of their calling. And what Good can be had, or what
Benefit can be looked for, from fuch a Choice ? or what better
Choice can be made, unleis you ferioufiy, prudently, and con-
tlionablv manage your Elections ?

JVhen JVo-hes are by the Flock for Guardians chofe>
WJ:o marvels if their Skins and Lives they lofe.

The only Means to be delivered from fuch Mifchiefs, is, bv
humbly fupplicating the Divine Mercy ; by truly repenting our
Sins j and by taking more Heed hereafter (then we have done
heretofore) that we be not Traitors to ourfelves, in foolifhly
giving up the Difpofure of our Eftates, Lives, Liberties and
Confciencies to them who will fell us for old Shoes, and ferve
us, only to ferve their own Turns to our Deftruction : There-
fore, I beieech you to be wary, whom yon fhall know, or here-
after, el eel: ; and make us not irrecoverably unhappy, by liften-
ing to the Infinuations of unworthy Perfons, who will importune
vou, bv themfelves, or others, to put our Bodies and Souls into
their Hands; complying with all Shews of Courtefy and Humi-
lity, 'til their Purpofes are obtained j and never afterward regard
Your Perfons, your Caufe, your Miferies, or your Petitions ; but
overlook you with fuch Pride and Defpight, as if they had nei-
ther received their Power from you, nor for your Welfare ; but
merely to exalt their own Vanity : Or, as if every one of them
had, in his lingle Capacity, conferred on him by his Election,
fuch a Meamre of all Virtues and Sciences ; and received fuch an
Extraction out of the Body reprcfented, that none of his Electors
had left in himfelf, either Wifdom, Honefty, or Piety, in com-
parifon of his ; though but the Day before his Election, all the
Good you heard or knew of him, amounted perhaps to no more,
but that he was a good Huntfman, a good Falconer, a good
Gamefter, or a good Fellow- who, having a good Eftate in his
Country, where he was cholen, a good Opinion of himfelf, and
a good Mind to be a Law-maker, was elected by his Neighbours;
who had rather adventure the undoing of themfelves, their Pof-

terity.

of L E T T E R S. 383

terity, and the whole Kingdom > then hazard his FroWn, or the
Lords or Ladies Difpleafure who folicited for him : Which
Folly that you may now fhun, both for the Remedy of prefent
Evils, and for the better eflablifhing our jufl Privileges, with
the common Safety : Let your Care be to avoid the Choice of llich
as thefe.

1. Men over-lavij/j in Jpeaking, or in taking extraordinary
Pleafure to hear themfelves talk : for, a Man full of Words i&
neither good to give, or keep Counfel.

2. Notorious Gamejlers, for I never found a prudent or jufl Man
among them. For how can he be jufl, whofe daily Practice is to play
others of their Eflates ? Or, how can they have Prudence becoming
Difpofers of the public Treafure, who are fo foolifh, as need-
lefsly to expofe their certain Eftates to the uncertain Hazards of
Chance ?

3. Men extremely addiBed to Hunting or Hawking : For, moil
of thefe, fo they may preferve and increafe their Game, and en-
large Privileges for their own Pleafure, care not though it were
to the Depopulation and impovei ifhing of whole Countries,
and to the multiplying of thole wild Beafls, which are one of the
Curies threatened for Sin.

4. Chufe not fnch as are evidently ambitious or covetous , for
how prone thefe will be to fell their Country and their Religion
too, for titulary Honours or Rewards, we have had too much
Experience of late Years.

5. Men inJIirceJ to Wantonne/s, and with open Impudence pei -
levering in that Sin ; for fuch are a Diihonour to that lli^b-
callingy and will not only give away their Eftates and Liberties to
fulfil their Lulls, but betray alio their own Lives, their Country,
and their Saviour, to pleafe their Dalilahs.

6. Take heed of chuling thole who are Juperlail-'ccU Prwd ;
lor thefe will be fo puft up with their Legiflatormips, that after
they have fat a While in the Houfe, they will be apt to forget
they are a Part of the Commonality, and be fo elevated, that we
fhall hardly know how to fpeak or make AddrefTes or Complain* s
to them, without Danger of being queflioned for Breach of Good-
manners, or infringing their peribnal Privileges, which ufually
they prefer before the Privileges of the whole Commonwealth.

7. Chufe

384 ^COLLECTION

j. Chufe not Men immoderately addicted to Popularity, for thofe
have lb many to pleafure, protect, prefer, or comply withal ;
that their Wit, Leifure, and Abilities will be wholly taken up in
the Profecution of private Accommodations and Conveniences for
their Clients, who mall not only be ferved before the Public, but
to the Detriment thereof alfo, rather then fail.

8. Chufe not Men reputed of a vicious Converfation in any
kind, for iuch will be fecret Oppofers of all Laws or Ordinances
refraining Enormities, and conftant Hinderers of bringing Delin-
quents to condign Punimment.

9. Make not choice of Men irreligious, or inclined either to
antiquated Super/lit ions, or modern Novelties j for the Firft will
neither further needful Reformation, nor be careful of preferving
Orthodox, Difcipline, or Doctrine, from Violation, nor much
regard, fo their temporal PoiTerTions may be exempt from Pay-
ments, and their Perfons from Labour and Danger, what hap-
peneth to the Dishonour of God, or to the Safety or Perdition of
Souls ; and the Latter will advance nothing but what tends to the
Eilabliihment of his Fancies.

For how can he advance true Reformation,

Who neither had right Rules, nor firm Foundation ?

10. Elect not thofe Male-contents, who are obferved, by Dif-
courfe or Practife, to be Enemies to the whole Frame and Con-
stitution of our Government ; for thefe will prove ill Counfellors,
and rather diftructive than helpful, in repairing and curing the
Ruins and Diffractions of thefe Times.

1 1 . Make not choice of Children under Age j for to me it
feemeth not only unnecefTary, but ridiculous alfo, to commit the
managing of the moft weighty Affairs of the Commonwealth to
thofe who are not by our Laws capable of governing or difpoling
their private Eflates j efpecially, feeing the major Part of Voices,
which the Vote of an ignorant Child makes up, may confirm a
Refolution to the public Damage.

12. Permit none of thole to be elected, who have heretofore
procured, executed, or countenanced, opprefling Monopolies, or
been active in extorting Ship-money, Coat and Conduct-money, or
in any illegal Exactions, injurious to the Rights and Privileges of

the

of L E T T E R S 385

the Commons ; for though fome of thefe may now, perhaps, be
better Patriots, and otherways affected ; yet if there be others
untainted not unworthy of your Choice, good Reafon it is that
they fhould be preferred before thefe.

13. Chufe not Men who, knowingly, ftand Out-laived, or fo
far indebted, that they dare not walk Abroad without Protections,
except in fuch Cafes as may in Equity be allowable ; for what
can be more abfurd or unjuit than that they mould fit as Law-
makers, who fubject not themfelves unto the Laws in force ? and
what can be more unreafonable, than to make the Fountain of
Juftice to be an Obftruction to her own due Proceedings, to the
Scandal of that High Court, which ought (as much as poffible)
to be compofed of fuch Members as are every way without Ex-
ception ? I hope the Land is not yet fo full of Beggars and Bank-
rupts, that there may not be 400 Men found in it, fitly qualified
for this Service, without {training a Privilege in this Kind.

14. Laftly, avoid in your Elections the Choice of thofe ivko
make means to have themfelves ckofen ; for, in my Opinion, it dif-
covereth in them fo much Arrogance and Self-conceit, that they
are worthy to be rejected, though the Cuftorn of the Times
made it heretofore feem no infringment of Modeftv, and brought
many difcreet and honeft Men, infanire cum vulgo, to be over-
{ccn for Company. Doubtlefs, the Caufe of mod of thofe Evils
which are fallen upon thefe Iflands, have been occafioned by
fome of thefe Intruders. The FaKhood, Pride, Covetoufnefs,
Hypocrify, Apoftacy, Cowardice, Ignorance, Partiality, Atheifm,
Senfuality, Self-love, and Self-conceit, of fome of thefe, hath dif-
fracted, divided, impoverished, and almorf. undone us at this
prefent, and the total Accomplishment thereof will follow, un-
lefs God fhall give you Grace to be confeionably careful in your
Choice of the Knights and Burgefles to be fupplied ; and caufe
thofe to purge themfelves by Repentance (if any fuch remain in
the Houie of Commons) who have intruded as aforefaid, or been
heretofore inconfiderately and unworthily elected by others : For
the chief Deliverers of God's People in Diftrefs, and their ablefr
Captains and Governors, were they who moaeftly fought to put
off, rather then arrogantly to intrude upon fuch Places : And it
may be obferved, that Saul was fitter to reign when they

C c c found

386 ^ COLLECTION

found him hidden among the Stuff, than when he took care to
be honoured before the People.

The curfed Bramble (trove not to be chofe,
The Foreft-King, 'til fome did him propofe.

Thefe are they, the Choice of whom, I mail humbly advife
vou to avoid in your Elections as much as poffibly you can j
vet let your Proceeding be with fuch Difcretion, that you nei-
ther expect Men abfolutely free from all Imperfections (left you
be compelled to feek them in another World) nor examine every
Man's Failings, with fuch Severity, as may fcandalize honeft and
defer ving Men ; for the beft are fometimes traduced, and evil
fpoken of, by Malignants and wicked Perfons, without Caufe :
which may eafily be difcovered, by diligently examining who
they are that fpeak Evil of fuch, and upon what Grounds they
traduce them or by a prudent and charitable Examination of
Teftimonials given on their Behalfs who are traduced.

Now, in councelling to make Choice of fuch as may be befl
confided in, I mall be very brief; becaufe, by the foregoing
Cautions touching the Qualifications whom you are to pafs by,
Directions are tacitly given to inform what manner of Men they
ought to be, who mould have Nomination in your Elections :
To wit, Men whom you know or believe (by their Teftimony
whole Fidelity you fufpect not) to be of upright Converfations,
unreprovable (as far as human Frailty will permit) prudent,
flout, impartial, fober, well-experienced, Lovers of their Coun-
try, grave, meek, humble, religious, and rather eminent for
their Virtues and Abilities, than for their Wealth, Birth, or
Titles 3 and yet none fo poor or mean, as to make their Perfons
liable to Contempt, or in Danger to be expofed to a Temptation
through extreme Neceffities. Of thefe Qualifications being
allured, or at leaft well perfuaded by good Information (and not
wilfully deceiving yourfelves, or negligently permitting others to
deceive you) proceed chearfully to an orderly Election, and
commit the Event to God, without diftruft of his BlefTmg therein,
that his merciful Providence may fupply that, wherein your
Weaknefs or Improvidence may fail ; and, queftionlefs, a goad
Event will follow.

For

of L E T T E R S. 387

For when our Ways we prudent/y difpofe,

God crowns our Hopes , or better "Things bejlows.

But, you will fay, perhaps, evil Cuftoms have fo difordered your
Elections, that though you have confidered the Danger of making
Choice at random ; or, according to their Perfuafions, who
abufed your Credulity and Simplicity heretofore j and though
you are alfo truly deiirous to regulate your Choice accordingly to
good Advice, yet fo much is afcribed to Cuftom (though evil)
and the Corruption and Cunning of thofe who are moll: pow-
erful in managing thofe Elections may be fuch, that the Well-
affected fhall be overborne > or thofe Contrivances perhaps prac-
tifed, whereby your Votes may be neverthelefs transferred to a
wrong Party, as it hath often happened in Times pail.

To prevent this, I will offer to Conn" deration, what I have
conceived may be helpful againft fuch Fraud or Faliliood, and
conducing to the regulating of your Elections for the Time to
come : (And though the Wifdom of this Generation may, per-
haps, deride it) I fhall not repent the Propofal thereof, becaufe
I am affured it will avail to the public Security ; and mall be
both entertained with Approbation, and practifed with good Ef-
fects, when the Time cometh, in which this Kingdom muft be
reftored to that Happinels which we have loft, and mall be made
bleiTed by that Reformation which we defire. My Propofitions
are thefe :

1 . That at your Conventions of the Freeholders or Burghers,
to elect Knights of the Shire or BurgelTes, no Man's Prefence
may be admitted of, but his who is interested in your Elections :
For they who intermeddle impertinently in other Mens Matters,
do very feldom bufy themfelves to an honeft Purpofe.

2. That no Man be permitted at fuch Meetings (before or
alter Choice made) to provide Banquets, or make coitly Prepa-
rations, for their Entertainment by whom they are choien : For
it is a kiiv ] of embracing his Chufers ; and to me it feems an
improper Compliment (if nothing were corruptly intended) that
lie who confers the Benefit, mould be at the Charge of giving
Thinks; for he that is elected undertakes the Service for his
Electors.

Ccc 2 3. That

3 S8 ^ COLLECTION

3. That either at or before the Times of meeting about your
Elections, you confer together, and take care thoroughly to in-
form yourfelves, what Perfons you know, or by commom Fame,
conceive to be nttcfl to ferve the Republic, for your feveral Coun-
ties or Boroughs, according to the Directions afore exprcfied ;
and that you then give in the Names of fo many as are conceived
and agreed upon, by a considerable Number of Voices, worthy
to be prefentcd (be they more or lefs) rejecting none who mall
be fo brought in : And if two are to be chofen, let four of them j
and if one, let two, which have the moft Voices, make Trial
by Lot, to whether of them God will be pleafed to difpofe the
Place or Places to be fupplied : So both God and Man concur-
ring in their Elections, much Corruption thereby will be pre-
vented : And where Man's Judgment faileth to make a right E-
lection, God's Providence (if he hath any Pleafure in us) will
correct your Errors ; and if lie hath decreed our Deilruction,
what will it the more or lefs profit us, that we chufe our own
Deftroyers by that means ?

This Determination of Election by Lots, though it may now
feem new, was warrantably practifed by the Jews, in the Elec-
tion of their firft King, as appears, 1 Sam. x. 20. For the Tribe
of Benjamin was chofen, and Saul out of that Tiibe, by Lot,
before the Kingdom was eftablifhed upon him. The like Courfe
was taken to fupply the Room of judas^ the apoftate Apoflle
(even in thofe primitive Times, wherein the Gift of difcerning
Spirits was conferred in greateft meafure) : And after the Congre-
gation of Believers had chofen out from among the Difciples thofe
two, whom (according to outward Appearance) they judged fit
ttft for the Apoftlefhip, Matthias was elected, by Lot, out of thofe
two, perhaps to be a Pattern to fucceeding Times, in what Man-
ner they might belt make choice of Officers, for Prevention of
a partial Election. And, doubtlefs, this way of electing by Lot
was, in After-ages, purpofely difallowed, omitted, and changed,
as iupcrltiiious, by the Fraud and Corruption of thofe Prieits and
Prelates, who perceived, that if fuch a Practice mould be ap-
proved and perflated in as warrantable, it would neither be cafy
nor pofTible for them, to keep the Difpofure of Dignities and
Preferments in their own Power, for the Advantage of themfelves

and

of L E T T E R S 389

and their Favourites, by which they had wanted the chief" Pillar
in their antichriftian Structure. This, other Politicians obferving,
the Civil Magistrate, in mod States, learned their Subtilty, and
have followed ever fince their Example, in vilifying or neglecting
Lots ; and in electing of temporal Officers, according to fuch
Means or Votes as may bring in whom they pleafe, and effect.
that which will be moil advantageous to their particular Ends.
Which unprofitable Policy being difcovered, if now Elections by
Lot were again revived and praclifed, in the Choice both of Ec-
cleiiallical and Temporal Officers, it might be a Means to reilore
Honefty and Piety to their primitive Being, in Church and Com-
monwealth, where Officers hitherto have been arbitrarily chofen,
bv their corrupt Superiors and Patrons for private Ends.

Take this Overture into your Consideration as you fee Caufe
(for I prefs it no farther) and therewithal, if you like the Mo-
tion, take heed that you abufe not Lots, to determine what is al-
ready determined or determinable by the Word of God, by po-
iitive human Laws, or by common Reafon ; and beware alio,
that ye make not God an Umpire in trivial and indifferent
Things, which are at your own free Choice ; for that were a
finful Temptation of God, and a Profanation of that Ordinance,
which, being confiderably and rightly ufed, may be a means of
much Good, and of preventing much Evil : For if the Kings
Maje/iy, Supreme Magi ft rates, Officers of State, Patrcns of Church-
U r c,:rgs, and other who claim the Difpofure of the Profits, and
Executions of all Places in Church and Commonwealth, could
poffibly be pcrfwaded to refign to the Church, and to their
Country refpectively (and unto whom, by moil ancient Right,
they appertain) a free Election or Nomination of Officers to all
public Places, referring all fuch particular Elections to tliofe un-
to whom, by Calling, they mod properly belong; doubtleis, ho-
ne fl: and experienced Men would be ftill preferred : Yea, ihould
we refer to the Votes of both Houfes of Parliament (when they
lit) or to the Votes of the Privy Cowicil (they not fitting) the
Nomination of all Office, r of State, whole Places are void ; to
the Sergeants at Law, the voting of "Judges, CI ief-jufUces, arid
fuch-iike Officers j to the Benchers of the Inns of Court, the
voting of Sergeants ; to Clerks of the Chancery, and of other

Courts,

390 ^ COLLECTION

Courts, the voting of their chief Officers } to Freeholders and
Burghers, the voting of Knights and Bnrgeffes, according to
lawful Cuftoms ; to the Univerfities, being firft purged, the
voting of fending forth able Perfons for the Miniftry, when
Church-livings are void ; to the Minifters within a certain Limit,
wherein Livings of greateft Value are vacant, the voting of re-
moving thither fuch Perfons from inferior Cures, who are raoft
eminently deferring in the Church : And fo proceed in all other
Nominations or Elections confideratis confiderandis ; and then let
the final Determination of the faid Elections and Nominations be
concluded, as it mall pleafe God's Providence to difpofe of them
by Lot. It feems very probable that, by this means, the Refor-
mation we delire would be much facilitated, yea, half effected ;
and that molt of the Corruptions now complained of both in the
Church and Commonwealth, would be beaten down at one Blow :
For if this Courfe might be taken, there would be no Admiffion
of ignorant and fimoniacal Paftors ; there would not be fo eafy
an Entrance for Bribing-Magijlrates, or other corrupt Officers - y
Men would neither fo glory or trull: in Riches as they do, becauie
their Tram would be able to purchafe nothing but Things of its
own Value; Honejly, Knowledge, Piety, and other Virtues, would
be more accounted of, more ftudied, and more practifed ; as moll
eonducible to our Well-being here, and to our Happinefs hereaf-
ter ; and Men vicioufly inclined, or unprofitably ipending their
Times, would by degrees become more confcionable, or more
aihamed of their Courfes.

Perhaps good and difcreet Men may, at firft hearing, /tumble
at this ; but, lure I am, incurable Fools, and incorrigible K?iaves 3
will re mad at the Motion, and never condeicend thereunto:
For if they ihould put their Preferments to God and their Coun-
try, they would have little Hope of Advancement ; and therefore
I neither expect their Vote in this Matter, nor their Approbation
of this Letter, for being an Inltrument to offer unto Coniidera-

tion, a Propofition fo mifchievous to their Conftitution : Howib-

* i

ever, the Overture is new made and tendered in publick, Valcat
nt 'valere potejl. Perhaps it comes forth in a good Seafon -, if
not, God hath another Time for it, whereto I refer it, and the
Effect? thereof, to his good Pleaiure.

I will

of L E T T E R S. 391

I will now conclude thefe my Letters of Advice with that
which muft be the Beginning of your Elections, even with a
Heart lifted up in Prayer to God the Father, for a Bleffing on
your Endeavours, and with an earned. Defire, that you may
make choice of fuch Men as may be fitly qualified with natural
Abilities for the well difcharging of that Trufl which you repofe
in them ; and, by the Grace of our Lord Jefus Chrilr, and the
Sanctification of his Holy Spirit, be fo furnifhed and fo feparated
for the Work which they mail be called unto, that they may
be a Means of bringing Peace again into our Borders, even that
Peace which paiTeth all Underftanding, and which mall prevail
to the eflabliihing of Truth, and to the Introduction of that
Kingdom for which we patiently attend. Amen.

'The Postscript.

AS I was about to make up thefe Letters, I remembred (by
what I have obferved, and by Inch Complaints as I have
heard, how poffible it is, through the great Hypocrify now reign-
ing, that when your belt Endeavours have been ufed in thefe
Elections, many Members may, neverthelefs, be chofen, vvhofe
Performances of their Duties will be wilfully unanfwerable to
your juft Expectations (eipecially when by a long SeJJion, or
Parliament, the Word-affected mall find Means how they may
fecurely know and ferve each other, by fecret Compliances, for
their private Advantages, to the public Damage or by conceiv-
ing themfclves fo inverted with an irrevocable Trufl:, that they
are above Control) : And when I called likewife to mind, how
many (fince this Parliament began) feeming excellent Patriots
at the firit, have after turned Faces about, for want of right Af-
fections and good Principles, to the great Grief and Amazement
of their honed Friends. And how many, accounted wife, up-
right, (tout, and religious (yea, and fome after they had been
deeply engaged, both by acting and fuffering for the belt Caufe)
have afterward, through fottifh Folly, Fear, Delufion, or Diiho-
nedy, daggered and fallen totally from their firit and juft Re-
folutions : I thought it fitting, upon thefe Coniiderations, to add,.
by way of Pcjifcript> a Line or twain touching your Duties after

Choice

39 2 ^ COLLECTION

Choice made, for the better Prevention of that general Deflru-
clloii of our Liberties, which is threatened by the fpreadh g of
that peftilent Gangrene. And my Advice to fuch purpoie is
chieily this :

When you have elected fuch as you conceive well qualified
for the public Service, you muft as well endeavour to keep them
as to chufe them fuch, by having always a watchful Eye over
their Demeanors, both in their private, and public Duties and
Actions, fo far forth as in Civility, and without Injury, they can be
pried into. To that end, you muft obferve their Aflbciates,
with whom they moil converfe ; you muft obferve to whom
they are moft kind; of whofe Affair:, they are moil zealous; in
whole Defence they ofteneft and moft readily appear ; to whom
they have neareft Relations or ftricteft Obligements ; you muft
obferve like wife what Fame reports of their Affection or Difaf-
fection to thole Couries or Proportions which concern the Com-
monality, left you lofe a T'ru/he before you be aware : More-
over, you muft take notice of their Diligence, Prudence, Faith-
fulnefs, or Stoutneis in your Service, to cheriih it by due Thank-
fulnefs and Acknowledgements, and of their apparent Negligence
or Failings ; that if they be not unpardonabiy deflructive, they
might be awaked and lovingly admonimed, as there fhall be
Caufe, by difcreet and expeclive Expreffes from the Eody of
your Counties or Corporations, by whom they were chofen ; re-
membring them lovingly (if they forget it) that though they are
above you, being joined to our whole reprejeni alive Bodies, yet
(being coniidered apart in their iingle Capacities) they are Ser-
vants and Inferiors to their refpective Countries and Boroughs ;
and that, by them, they are called to account for every Omif-
fion or CommiiTion worthy queftioning, either before the prefent
^Parliaments whereof they are Members, or before the next that
mall be fummonedj and, doubtlefs, that High Court will com-
mend and thank you for fo doing.

This is your Privilege by the ftipreme Law, called Saius
Populi, which is the moft ancient and moft undeniable Charter,
yea, the Sum of all the Charters in the World, tending to the
Preservation of human Society ; and whofoever goes about totrke
from you the Benefit of this Law, is not only a Traitor in the

hisjieft

of LETTERS. 3 gj

higheil Degree, but (againfl him fo endeavouring) doth make
alio everv tiling, without Exception, to be lawful, which is ne-
ccilarv to the Eilablifhment and Prefervaticn thereof. By this
Laic, the Parliament humbly requires of the King that which
pertains to its own and our Safety, in the Prefervaticn of thole
Privileges which are eflential thereto ; and, by the fame Law,
you may freelv petition for, and boldly claim from all Parlia-
ments, whatfoever is neceffary for the general Safety; and from
this Parliament in particular, without Fear of Denial: For lean
witnefs their Encouragement hereunto, by their cheerfully ac-
cepting of, and by their open Return of Thanks for Petitions
in that kind.

Now therefore to crown your Elections, ;ind to fecure your
own Safety, if there be any of your Kjilghts or Barge/Jes whom.
on know or probably fufpect to be unfaithful to their Tra/l }
by holding Intelligence with your Enemies; by doing his Duty
negligently, or not at all; by complying or plotting with Malig-
nants (as in the Conspiracies and Apoftacics of Waller, Hotham,
and inch like) by protecting, countenancing, or concealing dan-
gerous Delinquents; by cunningly obibrucTmg the Courfe of

, .v, or Propo/Itlcn;, tending to the common Welfare, or
iidvance of Piety and Good-manners ; by diffracting or dividing
the Minifters or Agents of Parliament in their Execution of their
Ordinances; by difcountenancing, oppofing, or difplacing thofe
j lorn Employment in the .publick Service, who have given emi-
nent Proofs of their Uprightnefs, Fidelity, and good Affection to
their Country ; If, I fay, any whom you have chofen (hall have,
by thefc or by any Inch like Courfes, juftly caufed fealouJies to
arife, let (according to Equity and your late Covenant) Informa-
tion be fpeedily exhibited againft them, with fuch Proofs and
Probabilities as you have thereof, that fuch may be purged or
removed, and others (if need be) elected in their Steads, for
the abating of your Fares, and for the Prevention of your De-
triments ; cither of which are considerable Motives.

By this Courfe you mail make thofe, perhaps, who will grow
over bold wLh your Tri:/i, to act more honefdy for Fear, if
not for Confcience : And eveiv faithful Knlgbt and Barge/} in
che Houfe will be both advantaged and wcll-pleaied to hrue

D d d rb:s

394 A COLLECTION

this Band applied to keep their loofe Companions clofer to
their Duty ; yea, they will think themfelves the fafer in their
Work, when they perceive your Eyes are open to watch for
them, and to take care that they be not undermined and be-
trayed by thofe whom you have fent in among them : If the reft
be offended you need not care ; and, for my part, I do not
though I know they will be vextatmy Advice, and do me what
iecret Mifchkf they can.

if you, neglect this Courfe and this Care over-lonor, the/,W/V_
ncmt Party will, perhaps, be as prevalent in the Houjss of Parlia-
ment, as thev have been in the Kingdom ; and either perempto-
ry Cilt forth your juft Suits and Complaints, or elfe make
them mifcarry, or be quite ftified, by Committees neglecting
fhem ; or elfe prepared and mifinformed to make them tedious
if not mifchievous, to the Petitioners. Such things have been
pomble heretofore, and I fee no Inch Amendment anions us
but that fuch Things may be as poifiblc hereafter. Therefore
pracYife according to this Counfel, and do it quickly, before it
be too late ; and yet better too late than never : For if we muft
perifh, it is moll noble and more man-like to fink, difchandno-
our Duties with Courage, than to fhrink from them, and fall
theakingly with Fear.

Tour true-fpeaking and faithful Servant,
f 64^;. and Reme?nbrancer>

G. W

A Cofy oj an Original Letter (in the ColleElion of Sir
Peter Thompfbn) from Sir Francis Windebank to
King Charles I. with the Kings Anfwer thereto, in
'his own Hand-writ in?.

It may pleaj'c your Majefly,

Iliad not Time upon Sonday laft to acquaint your Majefty
with fuch Advertiiemcnts as I had received the laft Weeke
from Paris, and therefore do now in. all Humblenes prefent

them

of L K T T E R S, 39 c,

ibem to your Majefty, hoping they may now be fom little En-
tertainment to your Majefty, which at Hampton Court, among
lb many Affares, mull oi necellity have been a meere Impor-
tunity.

Betides that which your Majefty may pleafe to obferve in
the Paper of News that goes herewith, I underibtnd that how -
ioever the Atnbaftador o& Venice in France hath given AiTurance
that the Venetians will not give Pailage to the German Troupes
through their Territerics, yet fom have and do continually
paiTe bv connivance from Tircll into the State of Milan, bv
that part of theire Eftate which borders upon the Bithoorick
of Trent, wherat the Cardinal de Richlicuh much troubled.

I likewiie underftand that after the Encounter of Galazzoes
Troupes with thole of the Cardinal de laVaktte, in which Mon-
fieur^ Moy, and Mouiieur de Cahuzac with divers other Perfons
of Quality were loll, the laid Cardinal made his lletrestes to
karbrv.de not far from Metz, where they arc now out of dan-
ger of being farther purfued by Gallas his Army, which is
thought to be for the moft parte on this fide the Rhine, how
the raid Gallas will difpofe thereof is uncertain, whether to
heiiedge Mayene and Frankendall, o; to bring the Duke of Lor-
rain and Jean de Wert oft from Rhamber-Villiers, where they
are intrenched, or elfe jointly with them enter into France, one
of which they muft of neceffity do, it being impofiible for
Gallas, the Duke of Lorrain, and Wert, to fubiift any Time in
thefe Partes for want of Victuals, and yet very hazardous for
them to venture on any part of the Frontiers of France, the
French Kins having now ail his Troupes of the Ban and Ar-
rierban, and the new Levies of 12000 Suijfes in a redines, and
expecting daily the Duke de la I' alette with thofe he had with
him in Guyenne, yet it is thought there will be this Yeere fom
Blow betweene them, all the hether Partes of Germany being"
fo much ruined as Gallas mull of necefhty advance toward France
to find Victuals for his Army.

I am farther advertifed that your Ma- Kino's Anfwer.
ieftv's AmbafTador in France expects Order
from V our Mai elty how- he lholl governe u i >(lt Sf-irthtr oiunSc-c-
himfelfe toward the Princeiics of the Bloud -aim / content to allow

D d d ? there?

396 A COLLECTION

the,?:, there king no que/- there, touching the Title of Altefle which
. { i , . they expect to have given them, wnere-
unto if your Majefty fhall condefcende,
your Majefty may pleafe to coniider, whether it will not be
nt: to do it with this Condition, that the like fhall be don by
the French AmbaiTador here to your Majefty's Children.

It is likewife advertifed that the Prote-

King s Aniwer. flants in France complain much of an Al-

' *."'" j'T'^-'!^' tar which the Lord Scudamore hath caufed

to be let up in his Chappell there after the*

Manner of the Church of Fngland, which being held a greate

Superftition by the Proteftants there, they are much fcandaiized

at it, and it is thought it may hazard the Intereft your Majefty

hath in tlv.it Party, and thereupon hath bene forborne by your

Alajefty's former Ambaffadors. This Newes though it be of

little conn deration, yet I thought it not impertinent to reprefent

il to your Majeity.

I have alio thought feriouily 'upon the

; v] NG s Anfwer. bufinefs of Captain Brett, and do moft hum-

v., .,-,,-, ,;- ; , bly beeieecn your Majefty to give me leave

',' '. * f't : <) /'.;/(/,/'- 1 1 f fitly Ut J J - J O

..- / -uns tcobn/Ue in the to exprelTe my humble Opinion thereupon,
fnf-x-cr^hit now that 1 'have with fubmitfton to vour Majefty's Wifdom,
^J<ff h f, !t is ( if l miftakc not) theWateft and the
moil active Employment your Majefty hath
in Forain Partes, and therefore requires a Minifter of fome
proportionable liabilities, How then this Gentleman, haveine
bene bred in another way, and by his own acknowledgement
hath no Italian* nor ever was in Itaiv, but is a meere ftranger
to Letters, or to any thing that hath relation to the Penne,
comes to venter upon this great Service I underftand not, but
do believe, if he did underftand and confider it as he ought,
he would not undertake it upon any conditions, unlefs Father
Philips, (and 1 moft humbly befeeche your Majefty to vouch-
late a favourable and gracious Interpretation of this Conceipt)
have recommended an ignorant Man, and uneaqual to that
^erwee, induftriouily to deftroy and to render it of no Uie to
vour Majefty; J cannot imagine what other Ende he cold have
a i;\ ; -: Bufnes ; Befutes, your Majefty hatli hitherto vouchfafed

of LETTERS. 397

me the Honour to committ this Negotiation only to my Trull,
and this Correfpondence is likely to be held with me alone,
whether then it be for your Majefty's Service, that Philips
Ihould have more Intereft in the Party employed than myfelf,
and have now exact Intelligence of many Particulars that arc
to be treated of, and which wil be utterly oppofite to Philips his
wais, and may be moft pernicious to your Majefty's Service for
him to know, I moft humbly befeech Majefty to take into
Confederation ; I fhall only crave leave to inftance in ibme Par-
ticulars, namelv, the Negotiation concerning the Oath of A lie-
giance, to which I know Philips is not well affected, and
tikewife concerning the bringing of a Catholick Reman Bifhop
into England, which was the ende of the Italians coming hi-
ther from Rome, and to the effecting wher of Philips hath con-
tributed all he colde ; the Sollicctmg the Pope to cenfure Court-
??cy, if not for his Bale and Treasonable difcourfe, yet for pub-
liming it without Authority from thence, which I have Rea-
fon to think Philips will hinder as much as he can. His endea-
vouring to Difcover the Correfpondencies and Intelligences of
ihc Catholick Roman Party heere in Pngland, and their vvais,
.'..'id hi c fomenting their Schcfemes and Differences here, which
he maii do, and that with great Dexterity, if he Serve vou'
Majefty well, and vet muft not communicat it to Philips vaiWi-.-
he meane to overthrough the Service, thefe Thinges an h :blo
Man weii managed and inftructed mav be brought to doe u i
Hopes, that his Paction may thereby receive Advantage;
whereas a Man not verfed in Buiincfs will hardly he n:: .."..-
capable of them, and will be upon the Place 3 or a. Yta^c*
i ei'ore he underftand any Thing, and therefore I moft hum-
bly beefeeche your Majefty to weigh thefe Circumitancc:
Deliberately, tnd feeing the Queenes Maiefty (it I miiremem-
her not) was contented your Majefty moid make Choice
the Party, fo he were approved by hcrfeife to think upon row
other that may be a Man of Purines, that fo I may not have
to cio with an ignorent Perfonj or one in whom Philips lhall
have to much Intereft, as it thai! he in his
Power to Deftroy the Service j That tins , K:::(;
;.- a very honeft Gentleman, I doubt not: Ai - '
:.'/: Hoacly atone ivill not difpatch BaffincS)

:t Ho

1: '>'.

39 /} COLLECTION

and of the tn-j (J fpeakc as a Secretary, ami mojl humbly crave
your Majejlys Pardon) Hcnefly in this Romijh Ewplovwert /nay
better be [pared then fnfflciency. Leandcr and thole of his Side,
who do heartily afTcct your Majelty's Service, and do all
know it, and have repaired tome about it, are clearly of Opi-
nion that this Gentleman can do your Majefly no Service at all,
I mof- humble befeeche your Majelry to Pardon my pre-
fuming thus fair and the length of thefe, and to voucl

me leave to reft

Tour Majefly s mojl humble, and faith full
IV ejlml after Subject, and Servant,

j.Ofiob. 1635. Fran. Windebank.

Your Majefly is mofl humbly defired to King's Anfwer*
Burne thefe immediately. This is better tbunBurning,

It may - .cafe your Majeftv to perufe the
E'rl of Ltndjeys Letter heerwith fent, ami r

to vouchfafe me Order for his return, ac-
cording to his defire.

For your moll Sacred Majefty. King's Anfwer.

Retorted to yourfelf.

Robert Blake, Richard Deane, and George Monke,

Aih?iirr,,s and Generals, appointed by Parliament ; ,

to Command the Fleet this Expedition.

In fi.ru dtions to be Obferved by the Refpective Captains of and
belonging to any of the Ships or Frigots of the Com-
monwealth of England.

I. '\T O U ere in the haft Place and on all Occahons (as you
J5_ mall he able) to maintain this Commonwealth's In-
ter. A and Sovereignty in thefe Seas, againft all that mall op-

poi.

\ r ou are to feize and take, and (:n cafe of refinance) to
"- : thervvife deftroy, all Ships and Veffels belonging or
_;. to the United Provinces of the Low Countries -,

of LETTERS. 399

as alio, all Ships and Veifels belonging to the French King or
any of his Subjects.

3. You are to protect all Ships and VelTels, tiadmg and
palling under the Parliaments Obedience, in a way of Mer-
chandizing, and carrying Provifions to any of the Ports be-
longing to the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, or Ire-
land ; being in Amity with this Nation; and fairly and refpecl-
fully, to treat all Ships and Vellels pafling thefe Seas, which
belong to other Princes or States, in Friendihip, or not in
Enmity with this Commonwealth.

4. You arc when apart from us to Advertife the Conimif-
lioners of the Admiralty and Ourfelves, of your proceeding:-;
and prelent Employment, that fo we and you may be tire bet-
ter enabled to improve the Knowledge thereof to the puhlick
Service,

5. You are to have fpecial Care, that all the Officers and
private Seamen under vour Command, do behave themfclves,
juflly, civilly, and orderly, and in Cafe of mifcarriage in any
of them, you are to fee them feverely puniihed according to
the Laws Martial.

6. You are to caule the late Articles that palled in Parlia-
ment, to be fit up in fome publick Place in the Ship under
your Command, whereby tire Officers and Common Seamen
belonging to the Ship, may have free accefs unto them, to
the End they may have no juft Caufe of pleading Ignorance
in Cafe of offending againii any of them.

7. You are alio, from Time to Time to Publifh and Pro-
claim, or caufe to be Publilhed and Proclaimed, all Orders
ana Commands that (hall be lent on board your Ship by us
or our Order, and to fee the lame put in Execution accord-
ingly; As alfo, what Orders mall be fixed up at the Admirals
Main Matt. Given under cur Hands and Seals the 3 ill of
March 1653.

To Capt. jofeph Ames Ri. Deane,

Commander of the Samuel, Georg. Monck.

Sir

4 oo A CO LIE CT I O N

Sir Hcnvy Hide a Britifh Merchant of great Family
refuting in Turkey, and a near Relation, as hath
been [aid, of the Clarendon Family, being Commiff-
oned from King Charles the 2d in exile, as his
Mimjier to Tran/atl his Affairs at the Porte, flood
in competition with Sir Thomas Bendim, then Am-
baffador from Oliver Cromwell for Place and Pre-
cedency before the Vizier Bama ; the rejult of which
was that Sir Thomas Bendiili, jbould not only have
Place but difpofe of the /aid Sir Henry Hide as he
thought pood, who immediately fent him to Smyrna,

> C> 11/7

and from thence into England, where he was co?:-
demn d and beheaded before the Royal Exchange in
London. From Smyrna he wrote the following Letter

to Lord

Smyrna 165 c .

My Deer Good Lord end much honoured Friend e

I Am at this time and at this place a Pryfoner contrary to all
Juftice and the Law of Nations, and am to be brought over
to England, to be butcher'd in all probability for my zealous
Adherence to my Royal Mailer, and the Dignity of Monarchy,
in opposition to the mock Government of mole Mifcreants, who
after killing ibme good Subjects, impryfoning others and then
murthering their Leige Lord and Sovereign, would willingly
fatten on the Prince whofe Commiflion J bear, laying, this is
the Heir, Let us lull him and his Royal Relations, that the
Inheritance may be ours; for tho' the caufe of Liberty might
bring at riril ibme well meaning and Great Men into an Op-
poiition, they never intended toflretch it to a Rebellion, and left
the Party when they found its Politicks tainted with Ambition,
rind befmear'd with blood thirflinefs and perfonal hatred of his
Majeiiy. I expect my Lord, that my landing on my Native
Shore, will be Marching with a fure and quick pace to that

Earth

of LETTERS. 401

I a;th whence we were all taken, but I hope I may without
Vanity fay, in fo great a Caufe, that the dark Grave will be to
me a bed of eternal Honour.

I expect no mercy from that Fox upon whom the Lyons
fkin fits fo Awkardly, and that they will treat the poor Ser-
vant with little Ceremony when they make fo free with his
Mailer. They are in the Chariot and drive fiercely, and like
Phaeton unlefs ilopt by the everlafting vengance of Heaven,
they will let not only their own Country, but the whole
World on Fire.

If my Cale in Turkey has not as yet reaeh'd you, I fhall in-
form you that in honour to his Majefly, and in fupport of mv
Character as his Ambaflador, I fought it ftifly with Sir Thomas
Bendijh their mock Officer, and the Affair was to be argued
before and decided by the Vizir Bafia, but it went againifc
me, and Power and Poffeilion on the one Hand, and Bribery
in another, were too weighty Arguments with that Hypocri-
tical Mu I] elm an forme to withstand ; fo that rubbing hisWhifkers
with a fly grin he faucily told me, that in giving Precedence
and Ad million to the Credentials of Sir T. B. he paid the due
Honours to that Country he came from; that he was not to de-
cide National Matters in controverfy, nor receive AmbafTadors
from Princes depofed and out of PofTeffion. That if the
form of Government in England was chang'd into a Common
Wealth, like other Common Wealths in Friendihip with the
Port he fhould always treat it ; that he had great regard to his
Rank and Condition by whom I was CommilTion'd, but could
not in the prefent Circumilances prefer me to, or even admit
me as an Ambaffador from England. Thefe were the plaulible
Arguments which I fuppofe had been dictated to him, and
when Gold glitter'd before him, and CV/vvrj Bluilerous Cannon
fcem'd to roar in his ears, what was to be expected from Igno-
rance and Avarice ? and when an infidel cowardly Turk was mv
Judge. The iiiuc was mv being lent to Smyrna to be difpos'd
of at the will of my Antagoniil, which is as i have obfervu to
your Lordfhip, to Death, and if fo, I hope, to immortality.

But my Lord, life is precious to everv Mortal, and
for the poor privilege of living to know mere trouble, to Age

E e e ami

4 o2 A COLLECTION

and Infirmitys, we labour and go thro' the bufy fcenes of Life
with pleafure ; if therefore you can be any means with the
Powers that be (amongft whom you have feveral degenerated
Relations) to fatistie fuch a natural defire and propenfity, your
Intereft in that refpecr. will be a proof of your Friendfhip and
hncerity.

I leave my views and poor Life in your Hands, either to
endeavour to fave it, or to let me fhare the fate to which they
lhall deftine me ; and as I think you and all my Friends would
rather have me Dead than Live difgracefully, know, and be
allured my Lord, that I will accept of no diihonourableTerms ;
for every breath thev give me leave to draw mail be accomoa-
ny'd with prayers and wifhes for my Royal Mailer ; I will
never do any thing below myfelf and the Great Caufe
I have embark'd in ; for then I know what I (hall lofe, and
what fliall I gain but a little refpite from a Sentance which
Nature herfelf will foon pais upon me, and then mail I link
into the Grave with more Dishonour to my Name, than death
can bring to my poor mouldering Carcaie. My trufty Man
who brings you this Letter is enter'd as a common Mariner,
on Board an Englijh Vellel now Sayling from this Place, and
may probably without luiu^on convey it iafe to your Lord-
ihip. I pray God to preferve the Kino; from all his Enemvs,
and bring him fafely to his Kingdoms, and you to his Coun-
cils. If on my Arrival in Bonds, thev mould permit any
Friends to come to me in my Dungeon, I think I have not a
Greater, nor one whole Charitable Vilits will give me more
Comfort, or lighten my heavy Chains more than your Lord-
; till when i beg thole Prayers of your Lordmlp, which
from the unerring Word of Scripture 1 may hope will be
availing to,

My Lord j your unfortunate,
but ajjhred Friend.

H. Hyde.

N. }). There is a Copy of a Letter in Anfwer from Lord

Darby to Lvtou, han.U- 1 '.mongft the EngliJJj in thefe Parts,

t :11 of that Bravery and J']>;glifi Spirit, which becomes aNoMe-

and Loyal Subject, it ought to be printed in Letters

of GAd Th

L E T T E R S. 403

I following Letter being mentioned by Sir Henry Hide,
in the foregoing one with inch great Encomium s\
the Curiofty of fame, xvho may not have met with
it, may be excited to fee it, therefore 1 hope I /bad
be excufed publifiing it in this CetleErion.

\ Copy of a Letter from the Earl of Derby, to Commiffuv
General Ireton, upon his being Summoned to deliver up
the IJIe of Man.

I Received your Letter with Indignation, and with Scorn i
return you this Anlwer, that I cannot but Wonder,
whence you mould gather any Hopes from me, that I mould
like you prove Treacherous to my Sovereign, iince you cannot
be infallible of my former Actings in Ills late Majeures Ser-
vice, from which principles of Loyalty I am no whit de-
parted.

I lcorn your Proffers, I difdain your Favour, 1 abhor your
Treafon, aiid am fo far from delivering up this liland to your
Advantage, that I will keep it to the Utmoft of mv Power
to your Deftruction. Take this your final Anfwer, and for-
bear any further Solicitations, for if you Trouble me with
any more JVJerTages on this Occafion, I will burn the Paper,
and hang the Bearer, this is the immutable Refoiution, and
ihall be the undoubted Practice of him who accounts it his
chiefeft Glory to be

His Majefties moji Loyal
Cnflktcjim 1 2th and obedient Subject.

July 16 19. Derby

// Remarkable Annecdote concerning Lord Shaftsburys

r
S I R,

THE inclofed is the Paper which I told you of, and you
have Liberty to print it, if yni pleafe. Iliad the
Curiofity to feaich, and found the Original Minute Paper

L e e 2 taken

4 o 4 A COLLECTION

taken at the Tryal, and in that, the Evidence was taken, not
as mentioned in the printed Tryal, but as here inferted, ib
that I am convinced, that was the Truth.

/ am, Sir,
Tour humble Servant,

D. P.

An Account of fonts Converfation betwen Sir John
Moore, then Lord Mayor, his Chaplain Dr. P k,
and Mr. Papillon, at his Lordfiifs Houfe ^ April
2Gth, 1682.

'R. Papillon telling his Lordfhip among other Thing m
that Juftice ought to regard the Matter and not the
Pcrfons, the Chaplain reply'd, Sir, did not you look on Per-
ibns in the Tryal of my Lord Shaftjbury f Mr. P. faid, Sir,
you can't think it proper for me to Argue that Matter with
you or any Perfon living, I did therein difcharge my Confer-
ence and my Oath, that is fufricient. We had the Laws, the
Indictment, the Evidence all before us, and T will not give
an Account upon what we went, and what indue'd us to give
our Verdict.

My Lord laid, the Chaplain was at the Tryal, and that he
did own (as the Lord had before) that we did right upon the
whole Matter. The Chaplain acknowledged the fame, but
laid, had the WitneiTcs been credible Perfons, they fwore
enough, for to have found the Bill and brought the Matter to
Tryal j I anfwered, That was his Opinion, but I would not tell
him what was mine, nor upon what we went. I faid there were
many Miftakes in the Book printed of that Tryal, both as to
Questions asked by the Jury and as to what the Witnefles
faid, for Inftance, it's laid, We asked whether this Paper or
the AiTociation in this Paper was read in the Houfe of Com-
mons, whereas there was no fuch Queilion asked, the Chap-
lain faid, No, it was asked, whether there was not Debate
or Difcoiirfc In the Houfe of Commons about an AiTociation.

Yes,

of LETTERS. 405

Yes, faid I, it was fo, and whether the Act about the AiTo-
ciation in Queen Elizabeth's Time was not read. Another
Thing, one of the Witneffes faid, my Lord Shaft (bury laid,
he was forry the King did not fee his own Danger, and in the
printed Book it is. He was glad the King did not fee Ids own
Danger, which is very different. I faid there were many
other Miftakes in the printed Relation, but tho' it it was faid
to be published by Authority, yet no Perfon owning it, We
did not trouble ourfelves about it, but fatisfy'd ourfelves in
having faithfully difcharged our Confciencies therein.

This is the Subilance of what palled to the heft of m y
Remembrance, being Writ down before I Slept.

Letter from the D:tke of Monmouth, to the Duke of
Albemarle, 168$.
My Lord,

"HE RE AS we are credibly inform 'd. That there are
fome Horfc and Foot under your Command for "James
Duke of York, which were purpofely railed in Oppofition to
Ut, and our Royal Authority. We have thought ft to fignify
to you our Refentment, and do promife cur Self that what you
have tranfadted therein is through Inadvertency and Miftake,
and that your Grace will take- other Meafures when you have
receiv'd Information of our being Proclaim'd King to iiiccced
our R.oval Father lately Deceas'd. We therefore have lent
this MefTenger on purpofe to Intimat the fame to You, and it
is our Royal Will and Pleafure and We do hereby llriclly
Charge and Command you upon Notice and receipt hereof;
To Ceafe all Hoftilities and Force of Arms again!! Us and all
our loving Subject ; And that your Grace would Immediately
repair to our Camp, where von mail not faile of Kind and
Hearty Reception from Us ; And in Default of the Prcmiiies,
We mail be Oblig'd to Proclaim you and all thoie under your
Command Rebells, and Traitors, and lhall Prolecute both
them and You accordingly Yet W T e Allure our Self your

Grace;

A.O-J

A COLLECTION

Grace will Pav a ready Obedience to our Command. Where-

fore wc bid vou heariilv farewell

7b c*/r Trn : and Welbelrccd Coiifin and Car:-
fellor Chrifconher Duke ^/'Albemarle.

J. R.

7jb Duke of Albemarle' j Anfwer by the fame

Mejfenger.

have receiv'd your Letter, and do not doubt but you would
ufe me very kindly if you had me, and fince that you have
given yourfelf the trouble of an Invitation ; This is to let you
know that 1 never was nor will be a Rebell to my Lawful 1
King who is James the Second, Brother to my Lte Dear
Matter Charles the Second If you think I am in the wrong;
and vour Self in the Right, when ever we meet I do not doubt
but the Juftice of my Cauie mall iufficiently convince you that
vou had better have let this Rebellion alone, and not to have
out the Nation to fo much Trouble,

To James Scott, late Duke
of Monmouth

Albemarle.

Dear

Oii'

NO WING you to be a hearty Friend of that glorious
j ^ Revolution w Inch deliver'd us from Popery and Arbi-
trary Power, and procur'd for us the bleffmgs we now enjoy
under the unblemifhable legal and mild Adminftration of that
illuflrious Prince by whom we are govern d ; I have taken the
Liberty to lend you a very curious draught of K: 'James the Se-
cond's Army, which was lent at that time in a Letter to a certain
great Man very lately deceas d wherein it was filled an invinci-
ble Army, which all Holland and the protectant Powers united
couki not overthrow not defeat the Views of that Prince, to
bring tins obltinateNation in dutiful fubjetion to the See oiRome.

of LETTER S. 407

As this will flicw the wonderful hand of Providence, in the fucccfs - f
our great ana immortal Deliverer, againft thefe Pcpijh Menaces and the
lv .'led Strength and Grandeur of this Army, and as it may be a curioiity
to fbmethat may have never fcen it, and cannot without great dimculty
get it j I think, in the prefent Military Tafte, it will not be hup: -.
tor vou to infert in your Collection, and may be an Entertainment to
your iTicnds, as it was to Fours ^ &"Y.

Jmcr-Temple, November ill 1749. T. P.

A Lift of KingJrtWf.s's Army or Hc::;:/.c-jj Heath a? they ! ay encamped, with the Name? of all 'he
General! and Field Officers, Colour of their Cloaths, Number of Men, and Marine: of I u-
cam} ing, Is':. Jum 30th \(M .

I iis Majesty GencrailiMirr.o
Earl of Craven 1

};-ir] of Feveribam I Lic*tenant Generals
Ihii] r.f Durbart< n J

>ir John Phenwick ")

>h John Lannerc ( p . . ,.

. .,* , .,, >i>ricradier General

(

Col. Kirkt

Lor

d Ch.

i; cm:

(

Col

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Lnen

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O.ix

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1 Earl of Oxford

2 M::j. Gen. WorthciEs

; Queen Dowager's

f Shrewsbury

Horfe on the PJghr. Field Officers Names. CmourofClcath;. Companies. each. M n.

Regiments f E. of Oxford Col. 1

< Sir Fra. ComptcnL. Ccl '- Blue hrfd v.hh red o -o . -o

( Liricco'i Maj. J

fMaj. Gen WorthenCol. "j

-1 Barni. Howard L. Col i-Rt-dliifd with led 6 e.o mm

L Morgan Maj. .;

f Lord Lumky Col. " 1

< Vernon L. Col. > Red liifd v.kh o reo ', .-, zjp

f Cunningham MEi. j

f E. of Shrewsbury Col. ~1

-J Coy L. Col. [ Red EEd with '-.ufT

^_ foiir. Skelton Maj. }

f E. of hmrb rou :,h CM ")

I of i\ terborom h 's Sir John . ail t L. C\ I. ; R< > ; ''' \ \ :il: red 6 ..o : :

3 L Chilean Maj. J

Foot

1 Ti- ; 1! b. ict all ion, Col. ? f 1A <- r > .- r > 1 "1 D 1 < ' ' o : - ^

,, '. i- i D. 01 GrrrtonCol. I Red nr. 1 v t.. :.w:.\

.. , .'M^ummdant M .,-;,.. ;.,,,. L< CnL I j,,.^ ;,.. . ;

y liJ 'V- s ,3^ att!llll0n i ]Kr,-;itliaftiii..,xV;:.;. m:.E:

n y Cor.: . ) ' .5 <-

:. o- Cra.-er.'s illBar- f E. of Craven Col. V" .':..' ' : !v.e, ^ .,

- .1. ..' j. IlewitCom- Cob mieh.ville L. Col. / [:E:l ' jei.hr- a:. J - j

' ;nt / liewitMaj. jv.iiu :-;...,<

41 i !! ".all: on of S. otch C Sir jam'- /;"> E as C E " Re.: iin'd v ... .

Ciuiid--, Maj. Murray < v\"ond umL.Col.^v.h - brceei.ea and 7 - ' '-

Ci. mnu'ndant / Sir Ciiariei Murray ..mi. < flovkmi;, .

4 oS si COLLECTION

SSir Cha LittletonCol. 1 Red lin'd withyellow,
Nicholfon L. Col. >grey breeches and 12 50 600
BaggotMaj. j ftockings

r Sir Then TO^lcthorp Col. 1 Red lin'd witft afh,

( Colonel Ogletkorp's 3 Lord Hunfdon L. Col. > a Hi colour'd breeches 12 50 600

^ Starling Maj. 3 an< ^ dockings

r K. of Huntington Col. 1 Redlin'dwithyellow,

- Earl Huntington's ! Eeid. Hattings L.Col. > yellow breeches grey 10 50 500

(_ Morgan Maj. j dockings

Z. of Litchfield Col. 1 Red lin'd with white,

S Karl of Litchfield's

< Salisbury L. Col. [blue breeches and io 50 500

Trapps Mai. J ltockings

f M, of Worccfter Cc
slter's < Sir John Hanmore

I CarrMaj.

rE. of Bath Col. 1 Blue laid with red

< Sir Nich.SlanningL.Col. tred breeches anc
(_ SirCha. Carney Maj. j ltockings

\)1. 1 Red lin'd with tawny,
Marquis of Worcelter's { Sir John Har.more L.C. [tawny breeches and to

ltockings
E. of Bath Col. 1 Blue lmd with red,

ic Earl of Bath's { Sir Nich.SlannineL.Col. Cred breeches and 10

50 5 c

Charles Kirk Col. 1 Red lin'd with ereen

11 Colonel Kirk's -J Kirk L. Col. [green breeches and 10

t Lefiey Maj. J white 'lockings

1" E. of Dumbarton Col. 1 Redlin'd with white,

1 il. o: jL'unoarton v_oi. 1 Return a wnti wnite,

j Douglas L. Col. [grey breeches and ii,iGre- 5c

(_ Douglas Maj. J ltockings nadiers

1: Earl of Dunbarton's

Horfe on the left

f E.of Plimouth Col

1 Earl of Plimcuth's J Sunderland L. Col. S> Red lin'd with green 6 40

/ Worthcn Maj.

rE.ofScarfdaleC'oI. j

2 Ea.l of Scarfdale'3 1 Langton L. Col. > Red lin'd with yellow 6 40 240.

(_ I\crton ?viaj. j

>f Arran Col.

Needbv L.

J ) ,,-,.. 1 with w hitf- n k a hes " t v

f E. of Arran Col. 1 n , ,. ,, ., ...

\ xr 1, T r , , / Red lm d with white,

< Meedbv L. Col. > - , , . ril .- ,-.

) ,, , ,, . f with white ink iaihes

(_ 1 ar-ier Ah.j. J

f Sir John Lannerc Col. "j

< Legg L. Col. I Red lin'd with yellow 6

Sir William Board ?Jaj. J

f Sir fohn Lannerc Col.
4 The Queen's J Legg L. Col. I Red lin'd with yellow 6 40 240

Dragoons

f Lord Cornbury Col, ~i

1 The King's J L. Col. V 6

t Maj. i

Charles Bartlett Co!.

6 40 240

40 2 40

(Charles Bartlett Col. }

Princcfs of Denmark's J I. Col 5-

l HalleyMaj. J

{D. of Soinenet Col. T
L. Col. V 6 40 240
Maj. J
{Lord Dartmouth Col. 1 Red lin'd with yellow,
Saintclare L. Col. [grey breeches and 12 5c 600
Soper Maj. J Jtockings 1 miners

Gunners 56 )

Matroffes 28 )

Note, That onlv private Ccntinels are reckoned 1 o , 44

Their

^/LETTERS. 409

Their Manner of Encamping.

The Horfe, Foot, and Dragoons are encamped in a direct Line, the Intervals
between each Regiment of Hone about 50 paces, the Interval between the Foot 70
paces, the Intervals between the Horfe of the Left and the Dragoons (because of the

Ground) is near half a Mile The Lieutenants and Lnfigns Tents in the Rear or

tiieir refpective Companies in adiredt Line, ' 7 paces from the Soldiers Hutts or Tents,
the Captains Tents 12 paces behind the Lieutenants, the Colonels Tents behind the
Captains 10 paces, the Lieutenant Colonel on the Right of the Colonel, and the Ma-
jor on the Left in a direct Line.

Sir John Phenwick (as eldeft Brigadier) his Tent in the Rear of the Center of the
Horf: on the Right, 20 paces behind the Colonels Tents. Sir John Lannerc (as 2d)
in ihc Rear of the Left Regiment of Horfe on the Left. Colonel Sackville (as 3d)
in the Rear of the Interval between Lord Craven's Regiment and the Scotch Guard.;.
Colonel Kirk's (as 4th) in the Rear of the Interval between his own and the Earl of
Bath's Regiment, all four in a direct Line.

The King's Quarters is in the Rear of the Left of the Horfe on the Left, in an
inclofed Field, in which Quarter are the following Tents, w'z,
The King's Tent and Chappell "j

Lord Churchilis /The Generals Quarters is be- f Earl ofFeveriham*

Adjutant Generals I hind the Kings, in which J Col. Worthens

()uarttr Mailer Gencrails ( are thele Tents, viz. ) Lord Ranelagh

Sir Charles Murray* I (_Col. Orbe

iiirl of Dunbartons -^

The Fuziliers are encamped in the Rear of the Line, a good Diftance behind th.-
Interval between the Earl of Cravens Regiment and the Scotch Guards, and in fe-
veral Parties about the Store Carriages. The Guns are planted about 100 pace*
before the Line, before the Interval between the Scotch Guards and Prince George'
Regiment, guarded by a Party of Fuziliers, each Gun having 2Gunners and a Ma-
troife to attend it. 1 he Queen's Scaffold was about 150 paces to the Right of the
Guns, fomething more advanced from the Line. The Suttlery Booths are abouc
100 paces in the Rear of the Line.

N.ote, That beftdes the Forces abovementioned there were three Troops of the
Horfe-Guards and Granadiers this Day.

The following writing was found in the M s ofH s

Clofet, in Relation to King James the Second 1 s going
off ^ given to my Collection by Capt. Fletcher, a Ge?itle-
nian well blown and of Jlrict Honour and Integrity.

HP H E Kings efcape was not without the Prince of Oranges
J_ privity, for the King fent the Lord H. to the Prince
to ibllicit him on his behalf, and the Prince anfwered he could
clo nothing for him; for no Law wou'd fave him ; and produe'd
a fteel box of the Kings, wherein was a covenant and league
written moft of it with the King's own hand, fealed and fub-
fcribed by the Pope, the French King, and the King of Eng-
land, binding thcmfelves to extirpate and root out in all halt,
the whole Proteftants of Europe ; each of their Seals were ap-
pended ; this the Prince fhew'd to the Lord H. and faid,

Fff My

4 io A COLLECTION

My Lord, T fhou'd not read it myfelf, nor let any other read it
to you, but read you it, and as you love the life and tender the
welfare of your Self and of your Family do not prejudice it,
but after reading reltore it to me; which being read by the Lord
H. he was attonilhed, and faid he couid fay nothing in
the Kings behalf, he immediately went to the King, and told
him, he had undone us all, himfelf, his Family and Pofterity
and the name of the Stuarts for ever, the King oppos'd it lay-
ing, what have I done ? it is not fo ? he anfwer'd, yes Sir,
vou have undone yourfelf ; how ? fays the other, with your own
hand, laid he, for I have fecn a Covenant with three Seals ap-
pended, Yours, the French Kings and die Popes ; Saw you it,
fays the King ? I did Sir, quoth the other j can you fwear it is
my hand fays the King ? Yes, laid the other, and I will fwear
like wife it is the French Kings hand, for I know both your hands,
and the moll part is written with your own hand, and this I
will fwear. Then the King of England clapt his hands with.
forrow, and beat his breaft crying out, undone, undone for ever.
The way how this was difcovered was as followeth ; the Steel
box with the paper in it was fent to the Emperor to fubferibe,
and he out of difrefpec~t to the French King, let the Duke of
Lorrain fee it, he being at that time outed of his two Dukedoms
of Lorrain and Bar, lying within the territorys of the French
King, and knowing that the Pr. of Orange had the fame mea-
fare by the French King, being outed of his Principality of
Orange, &c. lying within the lame Territories, with all, he
himfelf having a hearty malice at the French King fent this fteel
box to the Prince of Orange, which was the lirft thing that
bred alj this in the Prince of Oranges breaft, yet out of duty
and affection to the King of England his Father in Law, he
fent him to Cobham-Cajile a place near the Sea and thirty miles
from London, that he might the more eafily make his efcape.

Speeches in Parliament, Letters, &?c. (as endcrfed

on the MSS.) of Lord Howard, after the Reflora-

t ion from 1660 to 1673, but not regularly dated.

A Speech in Parliament.

Stand not up (Sir) to oppofe any thing contained in this
Bill ; It is a Bill moil worthy of fuch a Parliament, molt
fuitable and agreeable to that Loyalty, Duty and Allegiance

of LETTERS, 41s

which all Englifimcn owe, and which, to your eternal Honour,
as the. true Reprefentatives of the People, you have, upon allOc-
cafions exprefl your Readinefs and Forwardnefs to pay, with all
handfome Circumflances, and moflemphatical Demonflrations
of a real, cordial and moil fincere Affection to his Majefly. Wc
now find, Sir, the Truth of that Maxim confirmed to us, ex-
pejjimis mcribus optima nafcwitcr leges. The Debauchery of
wicked Men, and the Iniquity of evil and corrupt Times have
always been the Production of the bed and rnofl prudential Laws.
I fpeak not this, Sir, as if I were about to accufe the good.
wholfome, wife, and prudent Laws of this Nation, of fo great
an Overfight as the Neglect of the Prefervation of the facred
Perions of our Kings, in whom are bound up the Safety, Wel-
fare Peace and Happinefs of this Kingdom ; this were an Hypo-
thecs not to be allowed, nor can any Man, who is not out of
his Wits, imagine, that what you are now doing is grounded
upon fitch a Suppofition, or capable of fuch an Interpretation.
The very Phrafe and Words of the Bill do plainly enough evince,
that it is not intended to be an Act constitutive and creative of

v/n

,k, . u

efote was not, but explanatory and declaratory ef what
before was, and ever has been ; and certainly, Sir, fince, in thefe
our Days there has flarted up a curfed, impious and moil auda-
cious Generation of Men, who, having not only like thofe Giants
in the Fable, bid Defiance to Heaven, made War with the Gods,
defpifed and contemned Authorities* affront a Majefly, and moil
impudently affafTinated and murdered the befl of Princes ; % but
have alfo endeavoured to gild and paint over this their Wicked-
nefs with the Name of Jufiice, and by their crafty Prevarications,
cunning Infinuations, and falfe abufive Gloffes upon this Law,
have been fo powerful upon the Minds of common, filly and
ignorant People as to imprefs upon them an Opinion and Be-
lief of the Legality of what they have done ; who is there that
will not think itnecefTary,atlafl, that fomethingfhould come from
you to flop the fpreading Contagion of the Doctrine of thefe
Devils, to reclaim Men from the dangerous Error of fuch a
Paradox, and to recal them again to their wanted due Reve-
rence and Adoration of thofe who have ever been held and truly
filled Gods upon Earth. To this End, Sir, this declarative
Claufe of this Bill iee'ms to be excellentlv well accomodated, and
I would hope, that it may be effectual for thofe Purpofes for

F f f 2 which

4 i2 A COLLECTION

which you intend; yet give me leave to tell you, Sir, that in my
Appruieniion there is fon ething wanting.

You are pleafed, Sir, to think fit, that it be declared, that
neither one nor both Houfes of Parliament have, or by the Laws
of this Nation can pretend to have any coercive Power upon the
Perfon of their King. This is a very good Declaration, and fuch
an one as will undoubtedly be able to juftify itfelf by the har-
monious Confent of all the Laws of this Nation; but this, Sir,
does but lop off one of the Branches of Rebellion ; this does
not put the Axe clofe to the Root of the Tree. Alas, Sir ! to
what Purpofe will it be to declare, that a King ought not to be
murdered, unlefs you alfo take care that, a King may not a.t
any time by rebellious Arms be conquered ; and how can it be^
thought, that you would, as much as in you lies, give Prevent
tion for the Future to the bold Undertaking of a rebellious
Hand, unlefs you do clearly determine, even to the Underftand--
ing of the moil: iimple and ignorant, in whom, and in whom,
-alone reft a Power of calling the Nation into Arms. This I
dare lay down for an AiTertion, as that which does molt naturally
prove itfelf, that .in whomfoever is lodged a Power of taking up
of Arms, to them muft alio be allowed the Exercife of, that
Power, when, and as often as they think a fit Occafion, for the
Rule holds as true in Politics as it does in Phyiic, frujlra datur
potent i a ejus quod nunquam ejl in affu.

And to whomfoever is allowed an Authority to take up Arms, .
to them alfo be allowed an Authority to fight with, kill and
deftroy all that make Refiftance againft them ; and to whomfo-
ever it is allowed to fight, to them alfo it muft be allowed to
conquer if they can; and to whomfoever is allowed a Right of
conquering, to them alio muft be allowed a Liberty of improv-
ing a Victory ; and what will be judged a due Improvement;
none but the Conqueror muft undertake to determine.

It therefore, Sir, you fufTer this Error to remain fixed and ra-
dicated in the Minds of Men, that there is an Authority in the
Nation feperate and diftinct from the King's which can juftify
the People in taking up Arms againft their lawful Prince, though
it be but under the Name of defenfive Arms only, and that for
the Preservation of the Laws againft arbitrary and tyranical Pro-
ceedings (the always pretended Excufe for fuch Undertakings.)
Do you thinkj Sir, you have made the King's Perfon one Jot

the

o/ LETTERS. 413

the fafer by declaring, That no coercive Power ought to be ex-
ercifed over him.^Will a Rebel, think you, made proud by Vic-
tory, be led to ftand by fuch a Declaration ? Will an infolent
Conqueror confine himfelf within the modeft. Bounds and Limits
of your Laws? Can it be imagin'd, that a poor Parchment Record
mall put a Stop to him, who has made the ftrongefi: Forts and
Catties to fall down before him ? No, Sir, none but that Om-
nipotent One who fets Bounds to the raging Sea, can fay to that
proud. Wave,- Thou malt go thus far, and no farther. The
Truth.of this, Sir, is too fully proved to you by fad Experience,
and it is fcom that Experience that Tarn emboldened thus to fpeak.
Did I believe that you intended nothing more than a mere
Compliment to the King, I mould be as ready as any one to
confels, that this Bill, as it is now framed, would ferve well
enough for that Purpofe; but I am confident, Sir, that if we
would (as that I am fure is your Defign) prevent this bad Ef-
fect, you muft be careful in time to ftrangle it in the dark Womb
of its mod: remote Caufes. If you would avoid the flinging of
the fiery Serpent, you muft break early the Cockatrice's Eggs.
If you would have your Kings fafe, you mufr. block up all thoie
Avenues and Acceifes by which Parricides have formerly made
their Approaches to the facred Throne.

I am not ignorant, Sir, that fome perhaps may be. ready tu
obj eel:, and fay, that the undoubted fole Power of the Militia is
in the King, and that therefore a Declaration of this would be
altogether unneceffary, there being none, or but very few, who
do believe, that a War raifed under the Pretence of any other
Authority, deferves any better Name than Rebellion: For if there
be few or none that do believe, that it is juftifiable to take up
Arms againft the King ; then certainly there are fewer who do
believe. that a King is accountable to his Subjects, and can be
arraigned and executed as a Criminal ; fure I am, that if there
be none to believe the firfl, there will be none able to do the
other -, and this I conceive will be no little Part of your Bill. 1
never heard that a King was apprehended as a Malefactor, by
Warrants iiTued out from Juftices of the Peace : I never heard
that a King was feized by a Conftable or a Purfuivant : Does
any Record make mention, of a King filed to appear before any
legal Court of Juflice ? This were a Thing fo abfur'd to imagine
fo altogether unneceffary to urge ; that a Parliament that fhould

make

4H A COLLECT! ON

make a Law to obviate and prevent fuch Mifchief ; which
never did, nor never, by any PofTibility, can happen, would feern
to act as fruitlefs a Work; as aPhyfician that mott'ld beat his Brains
to find out a Remedy for a Difeafe which Mankind never
felt, nor mav ever, according to Rules of Art, be obnoxious to.
Sir, Do but you take care that there never be a Cromwel again
in England, and I v. ill warrant you, you mail never hear of ano-
ther Bradjlaw ; free us but from the Fear of a rampant Army,
railed under the Countenance of a pretended lawful Authority,
and there will bene Danger thatMajeftyfhalleverftand arraigned
again at the Bar of an High Court of Juftice. Believe it, Sir,
this does more deferve your ferious Thoughts, than can, perhaps,
on a fudden be imagined. If you do but look Abroad a little,
and take a due meafure of Men, by fome Difcourfes intimative
of their Minds, which now and then drop from them, you will
have Caufe to conclude, that though at prefent (bleffed be God
for it) all the Idol Powers of the Nation are fallen, at the glorious
Appearance of our Sovereign, like Dagon before the Ark ; vet
there is a golden Image mil Handing, to which many are ready
to bow the Knee ; this, this, Sir, I conceive is to be broken in
pieces, or otherwife I do not fee how your Peace can be fuffici-
ently fecured, or the Throne of His Majefty firmly eftablifhed :
I will not hold you longer in the Clouds, I am fure I mean ho-
neftly, and I would hope therefore I may fpeak plainly, it is for
your Service only that I fpeak, and defire to do it without of-
fending any. Suppofe, Sir (for I muft fuppofe that which I
hope we mail never fee) that Mifunderftandings and Jealoufies
grew betwixt the King and his Two Houfes ; are there not ma-
ny Thoufands, Sir, think you, in the Kingdom, who are of
opinion, that at the Beck of the Two Houfes they may lawfully
take Arms, and march confidently under their Banners without
incurring the Danger of ^ailing under the dishonourable Name
of Rebels? Sir, I may fafely fay it with Sadnefs, there are many,
many honefl and well-meaning Men, who, poifoned with the
Doctrine of the late Times, do think it not only lawful, but their
Duty, thus to be obedient to the Call of Parliaments ; and there
are not few, I fear, who with Earneftnefi and longing Expecta-
tion wait for fuch a Call, that under the Pretence of a Parlia-
mentory Authority, they may gain an Opportunity of reducing
the Nation to that referable Condition in which you found it

when

of LETTER S. 4 i 5

when you firft took your Place. Here lies your Danger ; and
hence, Sir, mufl fpring all thofe Evils which have aheady been
felt, or we may hereafter fear.

This, Sir, I humbly conceive affords the fittefl Matter for a
Declaration for to work upon, this being a Controverfy managed
with fo much Fineffe, and polifhed over with fo many nice
Diilinctions, that 'till you undertake the Decifion of it, every
common and vulgar Underftanding will not know how to make
a Refolution in the Cafe. 'Tis true, indeed, Sir, to take up Arms
again!! the King, this is High Treafon in plain Englifi ; no Man
1$ to ignorant as not to know it, no Man fo impudent as to de-
ny : But modeftly, civiliy, and demurely, to take up Arms for
the Defence of King and Parliament, though without the con-
current Authority, of the King, and contrary to the declared
Mind and Will of the King : This is not High Treafon, as it
has been faid, &c.

Many- fuch moot Cafes, Sir, arifc, you fee, upon this Point of
Law ; many fuch Queftions, dainty, fine, nice, curious, critical,
philofophical Queftions, are ftartedupon thisOccafion j Queftions,
Sir, that have borne a Twenty Years Debate ; Queftions that
have been difputed up to the Ears in Blood ; Queftions that to
this Day remain undetermined ; and methinks, Sir, they are

now ripe, high ripe, for your Determination at this Time.

\Iiere the 1\1S. ends.}

Mr. Speaker,

I Think, I need not tell you that I do not Hand up to plead the
Caufe of thofe bloody AfTaffins, the Authors of that horrid
execrable and moft deteftable Murther and Treafon committed
againft, and upon the facred Perfon of our dread Lord and So-
\ L*reign of ever famous and renowned Memory ; I hope, Sir, 1
mav fay, that I have not carried myfelf fo fince I had the Ho-
nour to fit within theie Walls, as that it can be faid of me,
that 1 have at any time appeared an Advocate for Delinquents
of a much lower Form than thefe. But, Sir, as I uo not ftand
up to plead for them, fo give me leave to tell you, that I take
it to be a little foreign to the Matter now in hand, to declaim
or inveigh againfr. them : Surely, Sir, were there nothing more
than they only in the Qneftion, their Lives, their Safety, their
Impunity, not three Davs, nor three Hours had bcc$ fpent in the

Debat c

4 i6 ^COLLECTION

Debate. I am certain, Sir, you cannot but remember when the
Journal of the Proceedings of thefe bloody Traitors, preferved
with (o much Care upon Record, were read before you, you
cannot, I fay, Sir, but remember how great a Confirmation of
Mind did feize the whole Houfe : Did you not obferve, Sir,
every Man hanging down his Head like a Bulrufn ? Did not a
fudden Tremor fall upon our Joints ? Did not Palenefs, like the
Palenefs of Death, fit upon our Countenances ? Did not you fee
Shame, Sorrow, and Indignation, driving as it were for the Vic-
tory in us ? Was not every Motion of our Eyes, and every Ge-
fture of our Bodies, ftrong Arguments, and Indications, that our
Souls were agonized and couvulfed with an impatient Defire of
hastening Revenge upon the Heads of thofe curfed Mifcreants?
I do appeal to you, Sir, if fuch was not the Temper of this
Houfe, when this helliih Fad was firft fpread before us ? Nor
is it to be wondered at: What Ear can hear, what Tongue can
utter, what Heart can imagine, the tranfeendant Iniquity of that
ftupendous Act, without having his Blood fevered with Indigna-
tion againft it, and his Soul poiTefTed with an Abhorrency of it!
that a King, the beit. of Kings, the ben: of Men, the ben: of
Chriftians -, he who had cloathed us in Scarlet, and had turned
our Iron into Brafs, our Brafs into Silver, and our Silver into
Gold ; a Prince, whofe Prerogatives were our Ornaments, not
our Burthens ; whofe Power was our Safety, not our Danger j
our Security, not our Fear ; a Prince, in whole Reign, and un-
der whofe Government, the Church might more truly be called
Triumphant than Militant : That this Prince, Sir, mould be
haled to the Bar as a Criminal, mould be arraigned, accufed, con-
demned, under the black Characters of Tyrant, Traitor, Mur-
therer ; that he mould be reviled, fpit on, reproached, upbraid-
ed, defpifed, contemned, nay, murthered, murthered at his own
Door, murthered in the View and Sight of his own People ;
murthered, with all the unworthy Accumulations and fmarting
Circumftances of Affronts and Indignities, which either Malice
could contrive, or Barbarity execute; is a Wickednefs fo fuper-
latively exceeding all thelnftances of Wickednefs acted in former
Ages, that we may truly fay of it, it is that qucd nunquam vidit
antiquitas et cegre credent pojieri.

Certainly,

of LETTERS. 417

Certainly, Sir, I may fay, and I doubt not, but you are of the
fame Opinion, that fuch then was the full, free and univerfal
Concurrence of this whole Houfe, in expreffing their Deteft ation
of this hellim Parricide, that if the Edge of their Juftice had
not been abated by I know not what prudent Confiderations ob-
ftructed upon them, there had not been one of thefe Caitiffes now
living, to have been the Occafion of fo unhappy a Difference be-
twixt the Lords and us.

And if fuch were the Refentments we then juftly had of the
Injuries done to that good murdered Prince, whilft we were yet
ignorant of the Virtues of his Son, how much deeper muft thefe
Refentments be now radicated in us, who find ourfelves fo much
the more endeared to the Memory of the Father, by how much
the more experimentally we tafte and feel the Benefits we en-
joy and hope to enjoy under the moft excellent Government of
his incomparable Son. This Consideration alone, if there were
no other, would be enough to fire our Minds with fuch Indigna-
tion againft thefe Canibals, that were there a thoufand of them,
an Army of them, we mould rather ftudy how to heap compli-
cated Deaths upon them, than make it our Concern to fave their
Lives ; could we refign them up to all the Miferies that the
Rage of that Revenge could devife, or could command upon the
Pains of the infernal Pit, could we arm that great Scorpion Death
with Ten thoufand Stings, or bring upon them all thofe Torments
which Poets have invented to bugbear Men from the Practice of
Vice, all this would be little to be inflicted upon them as the
Punifhment of fo unparalleled a Villany. For my own part, I
mult declare, that as it was my very great Trouble to fee you
mangle and cramp your Juftice, by confining it to fo fmall a Num-
ber as Seven, fo there is nothing I could more heartily rejoice in,
or concur with, than the giving a larger Commiiiion to your
deltroying Angel now. If the fingle Queilion were concerning
theie Men's Lives only, I do nor fee how any one here, nor
have I reafon to believe, that any one here would be backward
to pronounce this Sentence without any Difcrimination upon
them all, Sat i wit fe f anguine quam jitierunt^ they have thirfted
after Blood, give them therefore their own Blood to drink, for they
are moft worthy j fill up the Cup of Vengeance to the Brim, and

G g g put

4 i8 ^ COLLECTION

put it into their Hands, and make them to drink it ; yea, drink
the Dregs of it till they be drunken therewith, and ftagger, and
reel, and tall, and never rife any more ; and may all thofe fo
perlfh who are the Enemies of our Sovereign Lord the King, and
let all the People of Engla?:d fay, Amen.

This were a Sentence, Sir, moft defervedly due to fuch Crimi-
nals, and furely they had not been thus long without it, if you
conceived vourfelves at liberty to give it ; but this is your Un-
happinefs at prefent, and I pray God it proves not an Unhappi-
nefs to the Nation, that you have fo fettered yourfelves by your
own Votes and Proclamations, that what is juft they mould fuffer,
you are not clear, that you in Juftice can inflict upon them.
How to extricate you out of this Difficulty, Hie labor hoc
opus eji. I do not think that a more perplexing Queftion did
ever come into this Houfe ; it feems to goar you with this Di-
lemma, either that, on the one hand, you fhould remit fome-
thing of the Severity due to the worft of Malefactors, which
would not be for the Honour of your Juftice ; or, on the other
hand, that you fhould depart from your own Engagements ;
which I am fure would much impeach the never to be violated
Faith and Reputation of this honourable AfTembly. Whether it
has proceeded from my Weaknefs, or from the real Nicety, or
Curiofity of the Queftion, I mail not determine, but I will not
be aihamed to acknowlege to you, that till now I could not
bring myfelf to fuch a Fixation, as to be pofitive in any Opinion ;
and what my Judgment is, fuper tot ?ieuter^ and upon what Reafon
grounded, I ihall humbly crave Leave briefly to acquaint you.

The Arguments that have been urged for your now agreeing
with the Lords, as near as I can remember, have been drawn
cither from your Votes, wherein you are fingle, acting only
within yourfelves, or from the Proclamations wherein you are con-
joined in a Concurrence with the King and Houfe of Lords.
As to your Votes, you have been put in mind, that upon mature
Deliberation you have voted, that only Seven fhould die for the
King's Murder ; and afterwards, by other Votes, have proceeded
to the Nomination of thofe Seven Perfons ; from which Votes, in
a Matter fo ferious, as the Lives of Men, it is urged, that in Ho-
nour, you cannot recede to this Objection ; the Anfwer has been

ready,

*/ LETTERS 4 i 9

ready, and often given, that you are fo far Mafters of your own
Votes, that upon better Rcafbns appearing to you, you can alter
and retract as you fee Occafion ; that this is done frequently in
divers Bills, and particularly in this Bill, as appears by divers In~
fiances, why your Votes, which are not conclulive to yourfelves,
fhould be any more conclufive to the Lords, who have an t ;-.;ii
Share in the legiflative Power, more than theirs to you; and wny
you fhould more infift upon them in this Cafe than in others,
where the Inducements to recede were not ftronger, if fo ft-ong
as in this, I confefs, I cannot underftand. The Arguments urged
upon you from the Proclamations, have been raifed, either from
the Title of the Proclamation, or the Penalty in cafe o Non-con-
formity to the Commands of the Proclamation, from whence is
infered a negative Implication ; thefe have been often and largely
infilled upon by many learned Gentlemen of the long Robe, and
others j but the Arguments on the other Side, feem to me, much
the ftronger and more powerful.

Upon the whole, Sir, I cannot fee, that either the Votes ab-
ftractly confidered by themfelves, or the Proclamation precifeiv
conlidered by itfelf, does, in Honour and Confcience, oblige you
to an immoveable Adherence. The Proclamation is neceifarilv
to be conftrued with the Votes previous to it, and both it and
them being fo conftrued together, an Adherence to them is highly
incumbent on you for thefe Reaibns : Firft, Becauie the Procla-
mation took its firft: Rife from you. Secondly, It was grounded
upon a Reafon of State, which was a valuable Coniideration for
the Benefit held forth in the Proclamation to thole that did, in
the Time limited, conform themfelves to the Commands.
Thirdly, Thofe that did come in upon the Confidence of your
Proclamation, did part with that Security which was valuable
te the Benefit promiied. Fourthly, It was really the Intentions of
this Houfe, that they that did come in fhould have the Benefit
of the Proclamation, as will appear, i. By an Appeal to every
Man's particular Confcience. 2. By open Matters of fact.
Fifthly, It is manifeft, that thofe that did come in, did thus un-
derftand your Proclamation, and upon that Confidence caft them-
felves upon your Honour. Sixthly, The whole Nation in general,
as well thofe that are not -concerned, as thofe that are, have, and

G g g 2 do

4 20 ^ COLLECTION

do fo underfland. Sir, this laft is not, to me, the leaf! preva-
lent Reafon, nor the leafl powerful Consideration j it is the Ho-
nour of this Houle, and nothing elfe but the Honour of this
Houfe, that in all this Debate has been confulted ; I am fure
there is nothing but the tender Care and Regard which I have
(and ought) of that, which does embolden me thus to give you
the Trouble of this Difcourfe. If therefore your Honours be
that which is at flake, I pray confider which way this is bell: to
be preferved. It is one of the greater!: UnhappinefTes of Man,
that that which of all things is moft valuable to him (his Ho-
nour) is leafl of all in his own Pofieffion.

The befl Courfe that any Perfon, public or private, can take to
fecure this flippery Thing, is to act with fo much Clearnefs and
Ingenuity, that Malice itfelf will -not have the Power to impeach
his Actions. Now, Sir, fuppofe (for I would, by Suppofition,
allow the moft that could be thought of) fuppofe, I fay, you
were Satisfied, upon the Reafons you have heard (which I confefs
are weighty ones) that, notwithstanding your Votes and Pro-
clamation, there is yet Room and Scope enough left you to cri-
ticife thefe Men out of their Lives ; I will not deny, but per-
haps you might make a hard fhift, with a great many good
Words, and fine Prevarications, to put fuch a Glofs upon it, that
the wifer fort of People, who are good at diflingui thing, may
entertain a pretty good Opinion of what you do. But I need
not tell you, Sir, that the greateft Number of Men, to whom
you are to approve yourfelves, and by whofe Judgment you mufr,
(land or fall, are not Critics, nor to be made Critics ; they would
rather, Sir, a Man fhould right down play the Knave with them,
than they would have one who is fo myilerioufly honefl, that
they muft take pains to find him out ; they will not put them-
ielves to the trouble of nice Diltinction to fave your Credit, nor
the Credit of all the Parliaments that ever were in England.
Can it be imagined, Sir, that thole that whiflle at the Plough, or
fit in their Shops all their Lives-time (and fuch are the Judges
you are like to have) will thefe Men, think you, turn Philofophers
on purpofe upon this Occafion ; do you think, Sir, that they
have nothing elfe to do but make Syllogilms to defend your Re-
putations. Upon my Word, Sir, they go a nearer way to work,

they

^/LETTERS 4 2i

they judge of Things as they prefent themfelves prima facie ; and
when they have once made their Conclufion, I would fain fee
that Logician that can difpoflefs them. The Cafe then {landing
thus, it is not fufficient to tell you, that according to nice and
i\nd Rules of Logic and Grammar, fuch an Interpretation is to
be put upon your Votes and Proclamation, as leaves you a Lati-
tude to recede from your firft Votes (though that is more than I
will allow to be true) but he that will be trufty, careful and
tender of your Reputation, mult mew you how you mould make
common People underfland this, before he advifes you to do it.
Really, Sir, give me leave to tell you, that if you be once taken
notice of to be a Parliament that is cunning to evade your own
Words, and in fpeaking oraculoufly in doubtful Senfes, the ho-
nefl Countryman, yea, and the Citizen too, will be as much
afraid of you, as ufually they are of thofe whom they call Con-
jurers, they will not dare to come near you, or have any thins;
to do with you for fear of Tricks to be put upon them. Par-
don, Sir, I befeech you, this Bluntnefs of Speech and Freedom,
I fhould not prefume to be thus bold with you but for your
Honour's Sake, which I do profefs I value, and will value above
my own Life, or any Concern of mine in this World.

There comes to my Mind an excellent Saying of Julius Cczfar
concerning his Wife, whom he had repudiated, fuos non tantum
crimine fed fufpitione cavere oportet. Methinks a Houfe of Com-
mons mould be as jealous of their Honour as Catfar of his.

Letters of Lord Howard to [no Name.]

It may pkafe your good Lordfiip,

MY Hand never moves fo heavily upon Paper, as when the
DiftreiTes of my perplexed Condition compel me to give your
Lordfhip a Trouble in my own Concern ; it being much more
agreeable to my natural Temper, and the Deiign of my Life (if
my unkind Fortune did not thwart it) to appear rather as a Per-
fon ftudious how to contrive myfelf into fome Ufefulncfs for Flis
Majefty's Service, than as One importunate and follicitous about

4-22 /; COLLECTION

my own Affairs. But, as Wounds (though they cannot be operi^
ed without fome Smart, yet they cannot be neglected without
more Danger) lb fuch, my Lord, are my Wants, my very pref-
ting Want.-, at prefent, that as I know not how to expreis them
without offering Violence to my own Genius, fo I cannot longer
conceal them without fitting down under ablblute Ruin. Beiide c
the violent Impulle of Neceflity, the miferable Effect of my
Unfortunacy, I have a gentler and more comfortable Encourage-
ment to this Application, from the AfTurances of your Lordfhip's
KindneiTes, which have already been moft fignihcantly expreffed
to me b TT many real and effectual Benefits beftowed upon me.

It was by your Lordfhip's Favour only, that I was at firft fo
far received into the King's good Opinion, as to be allowed a
Place in the Catalogue of thole who did defire to ferve him j it
was by your Lordfhip's Favour only, that my weak but faithful
Endeavours (when moft unfuccefsful) were yet fo advantageoufly
reprefented, that they found the Acceptance of more happy Un-
dertakings ; and it is by your Lordfhip's Favour only, that, fince
His Majefty's happy Reftoration, I have not been altogether with-
out fome Evidences and Fruits of his gracious Inclinations to-
wards me; and that I do every Day (which is better to me than
Life, and without which my Life would be a Burthen to me)
enjov thofe benign Afpects of his Countenance, which though (like
the Morning Appearance of the Sun) they have hitherto brought
more Light than Warmth with them, yet they have and do
quicken me to an hopeful Expectation, that I may hereafter in
time feel the Influences of his Grace more and more beneficially
operative and powerful upon me. Now, my Lord, notwith-
standing, that when I reflect upon myfelf, I have Reafon enough
to fear, from a true Apprehenfion of my many Defects, that
your Lordfhip may fee Caufe to repent you of this your Kind-
nefs begun to me ; yet, on the other fide, when I remember that
there is nothing wherein great Perlbns can fo much imitate either
the omnipotent Power, or the immenfe Goodneis, of the great
Creator, as in acting without the Foundation or Predifpofition of
a Subject-matter ; I am again encouraged to conceive Hopes, that
your Lordfhip will not altogether forget the Workman!] lip of
your own Hands, for fuch, my Lord, I am proud to declare my-
felf

of L E T T E R S 423

felf to be, nor fhall I ever be ambitious of any greater Honour
than to be fo accounted.

Thefe, my Lord, have been the Thoughts with which I have
thus long endeavoured to buoy and bear up my finking Spirits,
above the high-going Waves and Billows of a boifterous and
tempefluous Fortune j 'til now at lad, finding myfelf juft ready
to be overwhelmed and fwallowed up, I am enforced to lift up
my Voice to your Lordfhip, in the Words of that doubting Dif-
ciple to our Saviour, when he had iefs Caufe to be afraid, Do-
mine ?ne fac /ahum.

I know it becomes me not to trouble your Lordfhip long, nor
indeed do I take any Pleafure to dwell long upon a Difcourfe of
this nature : Briefly, therefore, to acquaint your Lordfhip with
a true State of my Cafe, it ftands thus with me : I am as a Perfon
againft whom Adverfity feems to have laid a clofe Siege; within,
threatned with Famine ; and without, with the Danger of a cruel
Enemy : When I think to keep myfelf within the Intrenchments
of a retired Life, and to efcape the more violent AfTaults of a peevifh
Fortune, by making myfelf a Reclufe in my Chamber, where
I might quietly enjoy the good Company of my Books, and my
own melancholy Thoughts ; I find I cannot polTefs myfelf long
of this Contentment, for want of that which mould bring in
thofe Reliefs to me which Nature expects at my Hands : On the
other fide, when I am about to take up a Refolution to fally out
into the World, to feek a Livelihood by an induftrious Practice
in the way of my Profeffion, I give up myfelf as a Prey to my
hafty and impatient Creditors, who think themfelves half paid
when I am quite undone.

This, my Lord, is my Condition, which I have lately repre-
fented in a Petition to His Majefty 3 who (according to his ac-
cuftomed Goodnefs) did exprefs fuch tender and companionate
Sentiments of my Misfortunes, and was pleafed to give me fuch
AfTurances of a fpeedy Relief from his princely Bounty, that if
your Lordfhip would be pleafed to be his Remembrancer in my
Behalf, and fo far to take me into your Patronage, as to co-ope-
rate with his propenfe Inclination, I cannot doubt of the good
Succefs. I humbly leave myfelf at your Lordihip's Feet, ex-
pecting from your Mouth the Sentence of Life or Death : This

only

424 ^COLLECTION

only I (hall crave Leave to add, which I befeech your Lordfhip
to entertain for an unfeigned Truth, that as I cannot hope to
live but by your Lordfhip's, fo I would not defire to live but to
your Lordfhip's Service ; for which, though there be many bet-
ter fitted by Opportunities, or better qualified by their Parts and
Abilities, yet there is none, I am fure, that mall with more con-
ilant Steadinefs direct all his Motions to that End, and with
more Chearfulnefs frame himfelf into a Conformity to all your
Lordfhip's Commands, than,

my Lord,

Tour Lordfiifs mofi humbly devoted Servant.

Lincoln s-Imi, this 226. of June, 1660.
My Lord,

I Find it fo impomble a thing to gain fuch an Opportunity of
Privacy with your Lordfhip as I have long defired and fought
for, that I am conftrained to have recourfe, at laft, to this new
way, of whifpering into your Lordfhip's Ear, from time to time,
a few humble and modeft Complaints ; to which, if your Lord-
fhip mall pleafe to give Audience at your bell Leifure, I fhall,
with a chearful Patience, expect the further IfTues of your good
Pieafure towards me.

My Lord, It is very far from my Purpofe, to fetch any Ar-
guments for myfelf, from the prefumptuous Topic of any opi-
niated Merits of my own : As my Religion teaches me better
Manners, than to ftile myfelf any thing but an unprofitable Ser-
IT?/:/, in reipect of God, fo I would be unwilling to appear fo
iil-inflrudted in the Maxims of a Subject, as to lay claim to Re-
ward as a Debt due to me from my Sovereign ; nay, I do pro-
fefs, my Lord, if I can boaft of any thing, it is of this, that the
Senle of my Duty hath ever been the fole Impulfe upon me in
all my Undertakings ; and my Zeal to ferve His Ma jelly, has
winged my Soul withDefires fo much above my lowPerformanees,
that when I look back upon what I have done, or rather allayed
X* do, I cannot but be afhamed of them, as of peer, weak,

abortive,

of L E T T E R S. 425

abortive Endeavours, fuch as I dare not prefume to call by the

Name of Services ; neverthelefs, this is my great Confolation,
that the very Intentions of my Heart have found more gracious
Acceptance from His Majefty than was due to them, though the
Succefs had fully aniwered myDeiign ; which is principally to be
afcribed to your Lordfhip's extraordinary Kindnefs to me, which
has found out a way to place Figures before my Cyphers, and to
give that the Reputation of Something, which in jul't Value has
been Nothing : I mean nothing more at this Time than to ac-
knowledge your Goodnels to me, whofe Heart, if you could fee
it, would teitify with what Sincerity of Affection and Grati-
tude, I am,

Tour Lordjkip's, &c

N.B. Pardon, my Lord, I befeech you, the Trouble of this Apo-
logy for myfelf, which (perhaps) may appear more than either the
Innocency I pretend to does need, or the Satisfaction your Lord-
lhip profeifes to have concerning me ; I confefs I have always
been of Opinion, that much laboured Excufes, if they are not
to be looked upon as Arguments of Guilt, yet they are moil
commonly the Indications of a weak Mind, not fufficiently pof~
felled of that Afllirance which naturally refults from a well-
grounded Confcience, fortified with an impregnable Innccency.
But I am not altogether unwarranted in what I do, from the Au-
thority of that excellent Perfon the renowned Lord Verulam. who
tells us, it is but a decent Regard we owe to our Reputation. As
thofe never omit to burn Perfumes in thole Rooms which (by any
Accident) happen to be annoyed with a Stink j lb it is as necef-
fary, that he who would be careful of his Reputation, mult be
content fometimes to ufe fome honeft Arts to fweeten the Air about
him, and to fubdue or fupprefs thole ill Savours which Calumnv
and Detraction are wont to leave behind them : To which Care 1
cannot but think myfelf the more obliged by this Reflection, that
ali the Credit I either have or hope to have with the King, is to
be placed to your Lord/hip's Account, who has been pleafed lb far
to own me, as to enter into a kind of Security for my Gcod
Behaviour ; and 1 know very well, that what Ctfj'ar laid, upon the
Occalion of fome Difcourfes concerning his repudiated Wife, is
no lefs true of all Perfon- in that high Station in winch vour Merit

II h h iv-

426 /? COLLECTION

has placed you, * Suos non tantum crimifte ; fed fufpicione cavere
cfortere. So long as I have the Happinefs of being unfufpectedly
in your Friendfhip and Confidence, no Stone from any other Quar-
ter will much affect me, they may help to untile the weak and
tottering Fabric, the outer Man, but cannot make the Mind of,
Mv Lord,

Tour Lordfiifts mo/I devoted, &c.

My Lord,

IT is an Obfervation of great Ufe to the Affertors of Religion,
that as there has never been a People in any Age, who
have not, from the common Light of Nature, been brought un-
der the awful Apprehenfions of fome Deity ; fo neither has been
any Generation of Men (howfover barbarous and favage they
may appear in other things) who have not, from the fame com-
mon Principle, been induced to form to themfelves fome way of
Worfhip, by which they might be able fignificantly to exprefs a
grateful Acknowledgment of the Benefits they receive from that
divine Power to which they owe their Being. Hence it comes to
to pais, that into whatfoever blind or dark Corner of the World
we carl our Eyes, we every where find, not only frequent De-
dication of Altars, but alio Altars made fat with the richeft Sa-
crifices and daily Oblations j and to this, certainly, the Poet had
a Refpect in thofe Exprefiions, or rather Charge which he gives,
after he had declared Augnjlus to be his God, and which your
Lordfhip is too good a Clafiic to ftand in need of my Quotation.

My Lord, from hence I am inftructed, that it is not fufficient
that I mould have my Lleart only affected with a religious Senfe
of the many great Favours for which I- ftand eternally obliged to
vour Lordfhip (which to want were unpardonable Atheifm) but
that my Hand alio fhould be ready to give fome outward At-
teftation of the inward Adoration of a grateful Mind (which to
omit totally, could be called no lefs than inexcuiable Impiety).
Notwithstanding, therefore, that I am not ignorant, that high
Altars ought not to be approached but with more than ordinary
Solemnity, yet when I confider, that though Hecatombs make a
thicker Smoke and fend a more confpicuous and pompous Pre-
terit to the Gods, yet that the Fume of mean Gums and low-
priced

* My Lord ftc:n3 mighty fond of this Paffagc, having quoted it before.

of L E T T E R S. 427

priced Spices find a more eafy and quick Afcent, and give as
good an Intimation to Heaven of the pious Intention of the hum-
ble and devout Adorer ; I am not only emboldened to come
with this fmall Offering to your Lordihip, but am alfo encou-
raged to hope, that though the Value of it is in no Degree either
fuitable to the Dignity of your Perfon, or proportionable to the
Meafure of thofe Benefits which I have received ; yet that your
Lordihip will be pleafed to accept it, as the bell Signification
which the Narrownefs of my Fortune can exprefs of that Honour
and Regard to your Lordihip, with which I am, &c.

June 30, 1673.
My mofi honoured andjlngular good Lord,
np H E comforting Affurance your Lordihip lately gave me,
-* that thofe unjuff Reports concerning me, had made no Im-
preffions upon you to my Difadvantage, gives me the Confi-
dence Hill to hope, that you have not yet put me out of your
Protection, and that you will not be backward to build upon
your own Foundation, by deriving to me the Benefit of thofe
gracious Inclinations of the King, which I have reafon to believe
have been the fole Effects of your kind and favourable Repre-
fentations. The Truth is, my Lord, when I made my Applica-
tion to his Majefly, I found him in fo propenfe a Difpofition to
grant what I defired, that I could not but conclude that your
Lordfhip's Kindnefs had prevented me, and that you had fmootli-
ed the Way for my Addrefs by a previous Preparation ; who,
upon the firft Intimations of the Diltreffes of my Condition, with
a princely Franknefs and Generoiity, immediately gave me a
Promife of a prefent Supply, and to make it the more fpeedily
effectual to me, directed me to your Lordihip as my Patron,
in whole Care, he knew I muft needs account myfelf moft fafe.
From this free Indulgence of the King's Grace towards me, I
think I may warrantably comfort myfelf with this Perfwalion,
that (at that time) his Ears had not been difturbed with any of
thofe lpiteful Insinuations againft me ; and if your Lordihip lhail
find, that the fame peevilli Spirit, which has endeavoured to pof-
fefs you with an ill Opinion of me, has been active alfo in im-
printing the like Jealouiies upon his royal Breaft, though I can-

II h h 2 not

4 28 ^ COLLECTION

not think it an eafy Matter to deliver myfelf from the Preju-
dice of inch malicious Whifpers, yet I am not altogether hope-
lefs (lupported by a Conicience of my own Integrity) that might
T but be admitted to make my Vindication before his Majefty,
.1 ihculd be able to put myfelf under a better Character, and
make it to be underftood, that thofe very Difcourfes of mine
(whatfoever they have been) which either Malice orMiftake has
made Arguments of my Difaffection to the Government, have
been the greateft Indications of my Loyalty, and the beft and
cleareft Evidences I can give, of a Mind moil: religioufly addicted,
and moil: intirely devoted to the real Service of the King and
Kingdom. I will not deny, my Lord, nay, I muft ingenuoufly
confefs, that I have been of the Number of thofe (not the worft
of his Majefty's Subjects) who have been much amufed at fome
late Proceedings, nor do I fee why I fhould diffemble, that as I
have not been altogether without making my private Remarks
upon fome late Tranfactions and Traverfes of the Times, fo I
have fometimes (as Occafion has offered itfelf, and when I have
judged it feafonable) affumed the Liberty of exprentng my Sen-
timents of the dangerous Tendency of fome dark and myfterious
Councils, which feemed to me to have a moil affrighting Afpect,
and luch as (not without jufl Caufe) have filled me oftentimes
with trembling Apprehenfions concerning the (too much expofed)
Safety of that, in which alone is involved the Safety of all honeft
FLtigl'lJhmen, the facred Perfon of the King.

That this, my Lord, has not been the Difeafe of an ill-affected
Spleen, nor the Caprice of a worfe affected Mind, or the vain
and idle Phantafm of a deluded Underftanding, might be ffrongly
enough evinced, from the concurrent Fears, and (almoft) univer-
sal Consternation of the whole Nation at once ; but befides thefe
Things, which (being of public Notice, and obvious to common
View) have been the Matter of all Men's Obfervation as well as
mine, there are fome other Things which (perhaps) have been pe-
culiar to myfelf, and confined within the Limits of my own Know-
ledge, which (however I have hitherto kept them fmothered in
my Breait) have been as Coals, of Fire within me, which have
fevered my Soul with fuch an inward Heat and Fervour of
Thoughts, as has fometimes conveyed a more than ordinary

Warmth

<?/ LETTERS 429

Warmth to my Difcourfes, and provoked me to give ftronger
Accents to my Words than I fhould have done, if I had been fo
fortunate as to have continued more ignorant of that, which has
hitherto been my great Perplexity, and may hereafter prove my
Inconveniency to have known.

Thefe Things, my Lord, which, in the Nature of them, are
of too nice a Concern to be whifpered in the Ear of any Sub-
ject, I have thought it my Duty to have laid open to the King,
long before this time, if I had found Encouragement from a ft
Opportunity 5 and could I yet hope to have Credit enough with
him to gain Belief of that, (the Truth whereof feems every Day
to be more and more confirmed by many Circumflancesj I mould
think it no hard matter to perlwade him, that there are fome
Perfons (of no fmall Eminency, and in no fmall Truft about
him) who may juftly be concluded to be of a much more (to
be fufpected) Dilaffeftion both to the King and Government than
myfelf, who, if I know any thing of the Complexion of my own
Soul, would chearfully depofite my Life for the Confervation of
either. My Heart is too full to offer any thing more to your
Lordfhip than an Affurance from the Bottom of that Heart, that
I am,

Tour Lordfiip's mo ft devoted, Sec.

My Lord, October o 5 1673

T Hough the unkind Reception I met with from his Majeiiy
and your Lordfhip was no fmall Surprife to me, yet I find
my Trouble much alleviated by a Confcioufnefs of my own In-
nocency, which bears up my Spirit above all my prefent Suffer-
ings, with this Affurance, that the prefent Jealouiies upon me are
nothing elfe but the empty Vapours of fome malicious Brain.
which may for a time (perhaps) obfeure me in a Cloud, but
muft neceffarily, after a little while, vanith and leave me fhin-
ing in the Luftre of my own Integrity. The Truth is, my
Lord, if I had not been too confident, upon the Strength of my
Sincerity (which I have ever been apt to think Armour of Proof
againit all the Affaults of Malice) I might have been forewarned

430 ^ COLLECTION

of the Evil that is come upon me, from the fenfible Alteration of
your Lordfhip's Countenance towards me, which your Lordihip
knows gavj me fo great a Difquiet, and put me under a Scrutiny
of Thoughts, that, like one groaping in the Dark, I was many
Weeks turning over every Stone, and torturing my Mind with
various and uncertain GuefTes and Conjectures at the Caufes of
your Lordlhip's Diipleaiure ; which, though it was in great part
ditfembled, vet it did difcover itfelf in luch plain Significations,
that I mull have been llupid not to have drawn it into Obferva-
tion. I muff cenfefs, I mould have gueffed long enough, before
I mould have thought of that, which, by my lair. Difcourfe with
your Lordihip in St. James\ Park, I found (to my great Afto-
niihment) to be the true Ground of the Umbrage I lay under,
viz. an Appreheniion that I was the fole, or at leaft, the partial
Author of that [editions Pamphlet called, T'he Appeal. This, my
Lord, you know you hinted to me then, but withal, protefted to
me, that you were not under any Imprefiions of the Belief of
it ; but looked upon the Information you had received (as in-
deed you had good Reafon to do) to proceed only from the
mil/taken Interpretation of fome Actions of mine (during the time
of mv laft being at the Hague) which though they might juffcly
be fufpedted by thofe who ftood at a Diftance, and were ignorant
of the myfterious Part I had to act, yet were too well underftood
by yourfelf to be made the Foundation of any Sufpicion. I ra-
ther chufe to comfort myfelf with the Remembrance, than to
trouble your Lordihip with the Repetition of the many kind Ex-
preliions you were then pleafed to uie to confirm me in a Belief
that I fcood unfhaken in your Thoughts, and fhould hereafter
find the real Effects of your Kindnefs towards me upon all Oc-
calions ; with which Afturance, being built up ftronger than be-
fore in a renewed Confidence of your Favour, I undertook this
lecond Expedition into Holland ; out of a Zeal I had to improve
any Opportunity I could pofTef s myfelf of to perform fome Ser-
vice for his Majefty, and give what Credit I was able to your
Recommendation of,

My Lord,

Tour LordJJjifs mofi deveted, &c.

of L E T T E R S. 431

His Letter from the Hague.

My Lord,

IN my former, to your Lordihip, I have beer, forced to lay
fome Restraint upon my Pen, not thinking it prudent to
truft any thing more to fuch uncertain and hazardous Ways
of Correfpondence, befides the common Occurrences of the
Times ; the Opportunity of this Bearer does a little enlarge my
Liberty, and gives me a greater Scope of difcourfmg v/ith more
Freedom, as well as Reafon of my Continuance here fo long,
as my Employment fmce I came hither, together with fuch
Obfervations upon the Poilure of Affairs in thefe Parts, as mav
be (perhaps) of fome Ufe to your Councils in this Juncture.

The Letter I received from Monf. M. gave me fufficient
Ground to think, that Newport would have been my farthefr.
Stage, and that as foon as I fpake with M. I mould have been fent
back with fome Propofal worthy of his Majefty's Confideration.
But contrary to my Expectation, when M. came to me (which
was not till the 4th Inftant) I found him entertaining me with
long Difcourfes concerning the late Negotiation of Don Bernardo
de Sikmts, and a former private Tranfaction managed by Sir An-
gujline Colonell, who, it feems, came with Credentials to die
Baron de Ifola from Sir Robert Howard, upon private Instructions
given him by the Lord Clifford \ in the Name and Authority of
the King : What the Effect of the former was I nctd not tell
your Lordfhip ; but as to the latter (and more myfterious one)
I am made to believe, that it was carried on without your Pri-
vity j and that if the Anfwer to thole Propofals tranfmitted bv
Colonell had fquared with the King's Expectations, a Peace had
been concluded, excluiive of the French -, and all this artificially
contrived and vigoroufly promoted by the Lord Clifford, upon
Defign only to put a fpeedy End to the War, and thereby to take
away the Neceflitv of the Parliament's next Seffion, the

Apprehenlion whereof was Matter of die greatefr Terror to him and
his Party. This great Secret, I fuppofe, was whifpered into my
Ear to this double Intent ; Firft, To imprint in me a Perhvaiion,
that as the King was ririt led into this League with France by
your Lordihip, fo chiefly it is by the powerful Influence of your

Counfel?,

432 ^ COLLECTION

Counfels, that he is null perfwaded to adhere to it, how detrac-
tive ibever it be to his true Intereft. Secondly, To infinuate to
me, that notwithstanding all the outward Profeflions made of the
unalterable Rciblution in the King, never to make a Peace with-
out the Concurrence of the French King j yet if any fuch Propo-
sals were ottered to the States, as would in any meafure anfwer
his own Ends, he would not be at the Charge of fo expenfive a
Compliment, as to lofe his own Advantage for the Friendship of
the King of France. Weil ! this Foundation being laid with
great Eagerneis, I expected what the Superstructure would be ;
but the Conclufion of all was to let me know, that it was necef-*
lary I mould {peak with the Prince; and in order thereunto, I
was prefentiy to refolve to go along with him to thf Hague.

This was no fmall Surprife to me; but unwilling I was (being
come fo far) to return into England, re infe&a ; and befides, I
considered with myfelf, that it fell out to be a time in which
dungs feemed to be in the highefl Cricis ; the general Treaty at
Cologne, the private Negotiations between the States and the Houfe
of Aujlria, the Return of Don Bernardo de Silenus out of Eng-
land, the Effect of whole Negotiation was not (then) known ;
the Preparation made by the Prince of Orange for fome confider-
able (but undifcovered) Expedition by Land, which was of
the greater! Moment ; the Expectation of a fpeedy Engagement
at Sea, betwixt two of the greatefl Fleets that ever the Sea bore
at once ; all concurred together to excite in me a Curioiity of
getting as near as I could to the Scene of thofe great Actions,
upon the Succefs whereof, the prefent and future Intereft of all
Chriftendom did fo much depend. Moved with thefe Confider-
ations, I Suffered myfelf to be overcome by lus Perfwafions, and
the next Morning away we went together towards the Hague,
where we arrived the 7th Inftant : The next Day I was brought
to the Prince, who having firft expostulated with me the Reaibn
of my not giving fome Account of the Letter lent by me to the
King (in which I gave him the belt Satisfaction I could) he
proceeded to tell me of the King's Unkindnefs to him in refufing
to receive his Letter fent by Don Bernardo, under the Condition
of not mewing it, or difcovering the Contents of it to the French
F.mbailador, from whence he took Occafion to bewail die Im-
possibility

^/LETTERS. 433

poflibility he was under of begetting a right Underftanding in his
Majefty, or of making any fuch Overtures to him, as might have
a Tendency to a happy Peace with England, which (he faid)
was dented, both by him and the States, above all things in the
World j and had been, and mould be fought by all Compliances
that could be reafonably expected. But if it were not to be
had without yielding to the Demands of the French King, and
thereby expofing not only thefe Countries, but all Chriftendom,
as an eafy Prey to his ambitious Defigns ; that he was refolved to
run all Hazards, and endure all Extremities rather than fubmit to
fuch Terms which were equally difhonourable and imprudent.
He was pleafed to enlarge much upon this Head, in the Profe-
cution of which he laid the whole Blame of this dangerous
League with France upon the mifleading Councils of fomeMini-
frers about the King, whofe Name he never mentioned but with
the greateft Difference and Refpect, and with the higheft Ex-
pressions, both of Duty and Affection that can be thought of.

After he had enlarged himfelf upon this Head as long as he
pleafed, 1 took the Freedom to tell him, that I fuppofed his
H. did not expect that I was prepared to give an Anfwer to
thole things of which he had been fpeaking. That I thought
it rather my Work at prefent to put his H. in mind, that I
was brought hither by the Invitation of a Letter from Monf.
du Moulin, which I fuppofed was not written without his High-
neftes's Privity and Direction ; by the Contents of which Letter
I was raifed to an Expectation, that his H. had fome Propofals
to make to the King of England, which might be leading to a
happy Compofure of the unhappy Differences between the two
Nations : Of which, as there could be no Man more defirous
than myfelf, fo if his H. mould think fit to tranfmit any fuch
Propofals by me, I fliould be very glad to be made an Inftru-
ment of conveying them to his Majefty, and would not be want-
ing in my beft Endeavours to prDmote fo good a Work. He
told me, it was true, that he had given Moulin Orders to write
to me, and was at that time in hopes that he could have fet
before his Majefty fuch a Scheme of the many Advantages which
might accrue both to himfelf and to his Kingdoms, bv entering
into an Alliance with the States and their Allies, as would have

I i i with-

434 ^ COLLECTION

withdrawn himfelf from that League with France, which was
likely to prove equally pernicious to himfelf as well as to his
Neighbours j but that he found (to his great Grief ) by the An-
fwers given to Don Bernardo, that the King was refolved to ad-
here lb clofe to the French, that he had little Encouragement to
believe that he mould be fuccefsful in any Endeavours for an
Accommodation ; neverthelefs, he faid, he would take it again
into his Confideration, and give me an Anfwer of his Refolutions
the next Day.

The Day following, he fent me word by M. that he could not
yet fo fuddenly come to a Determination in his own Thoughts
about a Matter of fo great Importance, but that he would feri-
oufly advife upon it, and within few Days would prepare himfelf
to give his final Refolve, which he commanded me to receive
from him at the Camp, whither he was then going.

This Adjournment gave me four or five Days Leifure to go
to Amfterdam, and from thence to fome of the frontier Garrifons
thereabouts ; during which Time (viz. upon Monday the 1 1 th
Inftant) happened that Fight at Sea, the Succefs whereof being
fuch as has furnifhed their Vanity with fome colourable Pretence
of a Victory, made me conclude within myfelf, that I was come
to a very ill Market, and was like to return altogether difappoint-
ed of the End I aimed at. Such as my Conjectures were, fuch
alfo I found it to be at my next waiting upon the Prince j for
having with fome Difficulty, and a great Fatigue, conveyed my-
felf to Gurtendcnburg, from thence to Boijleduc, and from thence
to O/lrew'ck, where the Army was encamped, I came at laft
to his Highnefs j who, after fome Difcourfes concerning the
Manner and IfTue of the late Engagement at Sea, fell again upon
the fame Heads upon which he had fo much enlarged before ;
in the Profecution of which, though he expreffed himfelf with
all the Deference and Refpect imaginable towards the King, yet
(methought) he made very fmart and fharp Reflections upon
the mifleading Counfels of his Minifters ; which I thought were
particularly levelled at fome Perfons who I could wifh were
better underfiood by him : In the Conclufion he excufed himfelf,
that the Care of the Camp and the prefent Expedition had fo
pofleffed his Thoughts, that there was not room left for any other

Confi-

./LETTERS 435

Confiderations at prefent, and therefore defired me to expect his
Anfwer a few Days longer, within which Time he would bring
himfelf to fuch Refolutions as did beft fuit with the prefent Cir-
cumftance of Affairs ; intimating to me, that he had fome In-
tention to addrefs himfelf once more to the King, upon the
Foundation of the late Propofals made by Don Bernardo, to
which he would endeavour to gain the Concurrence of the States,
when he could find that HisMajefty had an Ear open to them.

This obliges me to a longer Attendance, though I am almoft
made to think that it will be to no purpofe ; for by all the Mea-
fures I can take, there is not a Difpofition here to grant any
thing more to the King of E?tgland than the ancient Ceremony
of the Flag, befides fome fmall Sum of Money (perhaps) which
will not be yielded to neither, but upon the Condition of a
ieparate Peace without the King of France j with whom they
are refolved to continue the War, unlefs he will be contented
not only to part with all his new Acquifitions in thefe Countries
without any Equivalent, but alfo to reftore the Dutchy of Lor-
rain to its old Matter. That which raifes them of a fudden to
thefe exalted Thoughts are, the new Alliance entered into with
the Houfeof Auftria, the feafonable Diverfion given to the French
Army by the Imperialifts, the Hopes they have of recovering
much of their loft Territory this Autumn and the approaching
Winter, a ftrong Opinion they have of the general DiiTatisfadtion
of the People of England to this War, the Expectation of the
Parliament's great Difiatisfaction in the prefent prevailing Coun-
cils ; but molt of all, the feveral SuccefTes (as they call them)
which they have had this Year at Sea, and particularly in the
laft Fight, by the Advantage whereof they boaft themfelves Ma-
ilers of the Sea, and are perfectly delivered from the Fear of an
Invasion, under the Apprehenlion whereof they have trembled
ail this Summer.

Hitherto the Prince's Army has been an ambulatory marching
from Place to Place, by many doubling and deceitful Motions ;
at length they arc fet down before Naerden, and their Artillery
being come up to them, they have begun their Batteries againft
the Town, and it is believed will be Matters of it within few
Days ; from thence they intend to proceed to the other Towns

I i i 2 in

436 ^COLLECTION

in the Valley (fo they call that Spot of Land about Utrecht) all
which thev think, to reduce within a fhort time. 'Tis laid, the
Duke of Luxemburgh has drawn together ieveral Forces from
divers Garrifons, by which he has made up an Army of about
joooo Men, with which he intends to come to the Relief of
Naerden : That the Prince's Army, confirming of at leaft 25000,
whereof 8oco Horfe, is thought too much an Over-match for
them, that it is doubted whether the French will venture to en-
gage with them upon fuch Difadvantages of Number.

The Way being now open to the Camp, I intend to apply
myfelf to his Highnefs for his lafr. Anfwer ; of which as foon as
I am pofTerTed, I fhall, God willing, return into England^ and
more diftinctly acquaint your Lordfhip with all my Proceedings
{mce I came into thefe Parts.

I am, my Lord, &c.

To His Majejiy. \Without Date or Name.~\

SIR,

I Have been fome Years pari; a diligent, though filent, Obierver of
fuch Tranfactions of State, as by their viiible Effects rendered
themfelves obvious to the View of common Spectators, {landing
at fo great and difadvantageous a Diftance as the Obfcurity of my
Condition placed me in ; and I mud humbly crave leave to fav,
that I have long iince been of the Number of thole who have
rather wifhed than feen Caufe to hope, that either any Safety and
Honour to your Majefty, or Happinefs and Tranquillity to your
Kingdoms, could porTibly rtf'ult from that preponxrous Method
of Policy, which has hitherto been obferved by thofe who were
too long entruikd with the principal Management of Affairs.

I cannot but with Delight remember, and (fure) it will be
no unpleaiing Retrofpect to your Majefly, to call back your Eyes
upon that aufpicious and happy Day of your Reitoration. How
were you fucked into this Kingdom by the hearty Vows and
Prayers of all your Subjects ? Plow were you received with the

common,

{/"LETTERS. 437

common, the joyful Acclamations of all your People ? How were
you embraced in the Arms of Affections and of Duty ? How
did all Men of all Sorts, of all Interefts, of all Judgments, how-
ever different one from the other, harmonioufly agree in this one
Thing, whilft they differed in all other Things elfe, viz. to lay
themfelves at your Majefty 's Feet, and to promife themfelves tha<
Security from your Government, which they had vainly fought,
and could never find, from all the various Contrivances of their
own Imaginations and long-deceived Phantacies ?

This, Sir, was fo glorious a Sun-fhine Morning, as gave the
moft hopeful Prognoftications of the faireft Day that ever Eng-
land faw ; nor could it have proved otherwife, had it not been
bemifted and beclouded with the black and heliifh Defigns of
that fugitive Viper, who wickedly contrived to convey Death,
by his poifonous Breath, into the Royal Bofbm from whence he
nrft received his Warmth.

To fet forth by what various Arts and Methods he has for
many Years laft carried on thefe his wicked Purpofes, were the
Work of a longer Difcourfe than I dare prefume to trouble your
Majefty with j that one Thing only which I (hall infilt upon, and
which I may be bold to call the radical Caufe of all the Evils
under which your Majefty labours at prefent, is that fatal and
pernicious Counfel of his, by which he has prevailed with . >
Majefty to put thofe Hardfhips, Affronts, and Indignities, upon
all the Non-Conformifts, which, I may be confident to fay, are
at leaft Nine Parts of Ten of the whole Nation.

And although it is very well known to all who have the Ho-
nour to fraud near your Majefty, that you have a princely Soul,
large as your Dominions, and that there is nothing more con-
trary to your Nature, than to hear the Sighs of any of your Sub-
jects ; yet fuch has been the Artifice of this perfidious Miniftcr,
"that what has been done only or principally by his Dictates, he
has not wanted Impudence to infmuate into divers, to have been
done quite contrary to his Judgment and Counf. 1 ; and that if
he had not been overborne by others who were more prevalent
with your Ma ; eity than himfelf, Toleration had been allowed.

To trace this Serpent in all his crooked Windings, and parti-
cularly to fet forth, by what feveral Arts and Stratagems he has

438

A COLLECTION

for many Years paft fought to fubvert your Majefty's Authority,
by difappointing your (Councils, by embezzling your Treafures;
by bringing Difreputation upon your Perfon, by fruftrating the
Hopes of your Bed, and by blunting the Edge of your Sword ;
were a Work of much longer Difcourfe than I mall prefume to
trouble your Majefty with, and is perhaps too bold a Subject to
be treated upon by me.

Part of the Argument, with refpeti to the Payment of
Officers, and their Arrears due in the Civil Wars,

THERE are Two Evils of the late ufurped Powers, which
are here reflected upon in the Preamble of this Claufe, as
the principal Inducements and ftrong leading Motives to the
enacting Part of it, viz. their Injuftice, and their Partiality ; each
of which is emplified in its proper Inftance : i . Their Injuftice,
in an Inftance exprefTed, which is, their not giving any Satisfac-
tion at all to many of thofe Commimon'd Officers who had faith-
fully ferved againft the Rebels in Ireland before 1649. 2. Their
Partiality, in an Inftance not indeed fo plainly expreiTed, but yet
fo pregnantly implied, that the Senfe cannot be compleat without
fupplying it, and that is, their giving Satisfaction to fome of thofe
Officers with unequal Differences of Favour ; to which certainly
this Word (Partiality) muft needs have a neceftary, direct, and
immediate Relation ; for they might truly have been ftiled unjuft,
for their not allowing due Rewards and Compenfations, for the
Services of all thofe worthy Heroes, who by their Virtue and
Prowefs had reicued and redeemed a poor periihing Kingdom
from the bloody Hands of thofe prodigious Rebels : Yet (to give
then - ; their Due) I do not fee how they could have been charge-
able with Partiality, if they had ferved all alike, and had given
Satisfaction to none of them. So that I think it cannot well
be oppofed, but that applicando jingula fmgnlis, thofe two Words,
Injuftice, and Partiality, mult nave a divided Refpect to the
d /able Error of the Proceedings of thofe Times; that of Injuftice,
t o their not allowing Satisfaction to all ; and that of Partiality,

^LETTERS 439

to their different Regard had to fome. The Reafon of the firft,
I think, No-body will be much to.feek for, for who will won-
der, that Rebels mould not be forward to carve out Rewards to
Enemies of Rebellion ; but the Reafon of the fecond would be
more myfterious, if it were not very well known that there was
none, or very few, if any, who did mare in that their diftinguim-
:ng Grace, and fave only fuch, who though they had indeed been
initrumental to caft out Devils, yet did it upon Defign to advance
the Kingdom of Beelzebub himfelf, the Prince of Devils.

To this fecond Evil reflected upon in the Preamble, there is
a fecond Provinon made in the enacting Part, as an exact and
equal balanced Expedient for an indifferent Diitxibution of Re-
wards due to all thofe meriting Gentlemen, though in a different
Order, as well thofe who, by the Injuftice of the Ufurpers, had
received no Satisfaction for the faid Services, but alfo thofe, who
by the Partiality of the Ufurpers, had received fome Satisfaction
for their faid Services. The firft, indeed, are thofe who are prin-
cipally taken care of, as there is good Reafon they mould ; for
them therefore Provifion is made in the firft place, in the pofitive
Words of this enacting Claufe, viz. That all fuch Commiilioned
Officers fhall be fatisfied 1 2s. 6d. in the Money, according to the
Inftructions of the Act, viz. mall be preponed. As to the fecond,
viz. thofe who have fince 1649, received fome Satisfaction for
their Arrears due to them before 1649; though it is generally faid
they are mut from the Benefit of this Act, becaufe it is thought in
this Cafe deferre & auferre is the fame ; yet, to fpeak properly,
they alfo are provided for, ao to the remaining Part of their Ar-
rears unfatisfied, in that Order and Method which ftands with that
excellent Proportion intended to be kept between them and their
Brethren, in the Negative, Exclufive and Exceptive Words of
the Claufe, which, conftrued with the next Paragraph, do amount
to thus much, in fhort, that they fhall be poftponed.

Now, my Lord, having thus, by this fhort Analyfis of the
Words, melted down the Body of thefe Claufes into thefe feveral
general Parts, it remains that I fhould tie them together by the
Ligaments of Grammar, and that muft be done, by bringing
every Nominative Cafe ck>fe to his own Verb, and every Ante-
cedent clofe to his own Relative ; and then, I think, the Senfe

runs

+4 o ^COLLECTION

runs plainly thus : " Being fenfible (fays the King) that there are
"^ feveral Commitlioned Officers, who were engaged in our Ser-
'- vice in Ireland, and eminently acted and fuffered therein, &c.
<4 have received no Satisfaction for the fame, We do therefore
" declare, that all Commimoned Officers who ferved Our
" Royal Father or Ourfelf in the Wars in Ireland, at any time
<c before 1649, and have received no Satisfaction for the Arrears
" due unto them fi nee the 5th Day of June, 1649, mall be
v< praponed; and all thofe who, having ferved Our Royal Father
" and Ourfelf, as aforefaid, before the 5th of June, 1649, have
" received Lands or Money, for their Pay due unto them, fince
" 5th June, 1649, fhall be pcjlponed? So that from hence, I
think, the Concluiion will not be unfafe, becaufe warranted from
the natural and genuine Conftruction of the Words according to
Rules of Grammar, That only fuch Officers who, fince 1649,
have received either Lands or Money, in Satisfaction of their
Arrears due to them for Service before 1649, are under a poh>
ponable Qualification.

But, for all my Hafte, Mr. Keeling will not let it pafs fo ;
he will tell your Lordfhip, and therefore I had as good prevent
him, for I am fure I fhall hear of it By-and-by, that the Gram-
mar is altogether on his fide, and the Miftake wholly on my
part ; for, fays he, it is very plain from the true reading of the
Words, that Lands or Money, here mentioned, and fuppofed to
be received, is for Pay due unto them fince 5th June, 1649
which he enforces ffom a fubtil Obfervation of the Pofition of
the Comma ; for as it would ferve much for my Purpofe, to
r-lace the Comma betwixt the Words them andj$nce* t fo he thinks
and not upon flight Grounds neither) that it being placed (as it
W ; : '. will ftand him in as much ftead to juflify his Affertion,
1 hat all thofe who have received any Lands or Money, though
it was un\y in Satisfaction of their Pay due unto them fince the
5th of Jdiie, 1 649, without any refpect to thofe Services before
1 649, ihali thereby be brought under a poftponable Qualifica-
tion. Thus my Lord, this molt ingenious Gentleman, priding
himfelf in the Luxuriancy of his own tranfeendant Parts, lias, by
d rare Invention of Wit, placed this Comma fo to his own Ad-
vantage, that he thinks to make it like the Pillar of Cloud, and

j/.LET.TER S. 44-i' s

of Fire, betwixt the Ifralites and the Egyptians darktiefs to us,
but Light to our Truftees, but I would hope before I have
done to caufe this Pillar to pais behind us, and then it will W
Light to us, and Darhiefs to our opponents.

The end of Lord Howard's Letters, &c.

N. B. The Originals to be feen at the Comnilers.

An Original Co'mmiffon fro7n Oliver Cromwell, /jt j' ,
Lord Lieutenant General of Ireland, and Captain
General oj all the Land Forces of the Parliament
of the Commonwealth of England.

To William DraDer Captdine.

BY Virtue of the Power, and Authority to me derived from
the Parliament of England. I do hereby Conititute and
Appoint you Captain of that Company of Foot whereof Cap-
tain Difney was late Captain, raifed, and to be railed, under
my Command, for the Service of the Commonwealth, in the
Regiment whereof Sir William Co?ift able is Colonel. Thefe are
therefore to require you to make your prefent unto the faid Com-
pany, and taking Charge thereof as Captain, duly to exercife the
inferior Officers, and Soldiersof the faid Company in Armes, and
to ufe your beft care and endeavours to keep them in good Order,
and Difcipline, Commanding them to obey you as their Captain.
\nd you are likewife to obferve fuch Orders and Directions, as you
iliall from Time to Time, receive from myfelf and your fuperior
Officers of the faid Regiment and Army, according to the
Difcipline of War. Given under my Hand and Seal, the 20th
Day of July 1651.

O. Cromwell.

O o o Temp.

442** A COLLECTION

'Temp. Jac. idi.
An original Warrant for the Arms, &c. of Henry
Fitz James, natural Son of King James the id.

Whereas the Kings moil excellent Majefty fignified unto me
his Royal Pleafure under his Signet and Sign manuel as follow-
eth.

'James R.
^AME S the Second by the Grace of God King of England*
J Scotland* France and Ireland* Defender of the Faith, &c*
To our right trufty and rightly beloved Coulin Henry Duke of
Norfolk* Our Earl Marfhall of 'England* Greeting. Thefe are
to fignify unto you, that we are gracioufly pleas'd to give and
affign unto our dearly beloved natural Son Henry Fitz- < James y
fuch Arms and Creft as he his Heirs and Defcendants may and
Shall lawfully bear and ufe on all Occasions, according unto
the Law, Practice and ufage of Arms. And thereupon in
consideration of our natural Affection, and for the early hopes
he gives of his future Courage and conduct, we do declare and
ordain that our faid dearly beloved natural Son Henry Fitz-
yames, Shall bear our Royal Arms with a Batton Sinifter
Azure, charged with Flowers de Liz Or : (being the distinc-
tion given by us.) And for his Creft. a Sea-Horie argent,,
gorged with a coller Azure charged with three Flowers de Liz- Or.
And our further will and pleafure is, that you do require and
command our Trufty and well beloved Servants, the Kings
Heralds* and Purfuivants- of Arms, to Marfhall and Order, on
all fit and proper occasions the Arms of our laid dearly beloved'
Natural Son, according to the Blazon above expreft, arid unto<
the Law ufage and practice of Arms, and that you do alfo di-
rect and require this our Conceffion and Declaration to be re-
giftred in our Office of Arms. For which this fhall be your
Warrant. Given at our Court at Whitehall the 21 St. Day of
Ja?iuary i i68y. in the Second Year of our Reign.

By his Majefties Command.

Sunderland P.

TJiefe

vf LETTERS. 4+3 **

TH E.S E are therefore to Authom and appoint Oar end-
eux and Norroy Kings of Arms, each of them in their
refpc&ire Provinces, as occafion will require, to exemplify,
depict and give forth the faid Arms and Creft blazon'd as by his
Majefties faid Warrant is directed. And I do hereby require
and command all and every the Kings Heralds and Purfuivants
of Arms, that in obedience to his Majefty's Will and Pleafure,
before iignified, they and every of them do henceforth Mar (ball-
and let up on all proper Places and fit Occalions the Arms and
Creits of his Majefties laid dearly beloved Natural Son Henry
Fitz- James, accordingly to the Blazon fpecify'd and that the
fame be forthwith entered and rcgiftred in the College of Arms
together with this Warrant, and hereof fail not. Given under
my Hand and the Seal of my Office of Earl Mary ha II of En-
gland, the 24th. Day of January, in the Second Year of the
Sovereign Lord King James the lid. Anno Dam. i68y

To the Kings Herald's and
Purfuivants of Arms.

Norfolke, E. Marshall.

To the Compiler,

Dear Sir,

Have fentyou by the Bearer a very old MS being a curious and
remarkable Speech in the reign of Queen Elizabeth y It may
have been printed, and you may perhaps think it is
too well known for you to infert in your Collection; but I am
perfuaded many of your Subfcribers, have never met with it.
I have fent ittofeverai learned Men, who had never feenit and
returned it to me with many thanks, as very interefting and en-
tertaining. It is agreeable to your Propofals (asbeingacuriousand
fcarce tract) and I believe you'l have no reflection for making i t
more Publick. For my own part I have often wim'd to fee
curious pieces of Antiquity abftracted from old Books which may

O o o 2 inftruct

444** A COLLECTION

inftrud and improve thofe who cannot with convenience come
at the large Works, in which they are publifh'd, and where
the original Proprietors and Authors are deceafed and the Books
altogether, not worthy reprinting ; by which means the good
things in them are not loft to the Publick.

However you'l do as you think proper, I have fent it and
at the fame time an Aflurance of being with all Sincerity.

Tour well ivijher.
Gravs-Intt, November ift, 1753.

C. I

The Speech of Serjeant Puckering, Speaker of the Hea-
ther Houfe of Parliament^ in the Name of the Com-
mom, made before her Majefiy. y at Richernonde,

UN L E S S E execution of this juft Sentence be done
1 ft. Your Majefties Perfon cannot any while be fafe:
2d. The Religion cannot long continew amongft us:
3d. The moft nouriming prefent Eftate of this Realm fjuft
thortly receive a wofull Fall :

4th. And confequently in fparing her, your Majeftr. fhall
not only giue Courage and Hardines to the Enemies of God,
of your Majeftie felf, and of your Kingdom ; But mall difcom-
fort and daunt with defpaire, the Hearts of your loving People,
and defervedly provoke the heavy Hand, and Mjeftie of
God, &c. And that fummariiy for thefe Reafons enfuyng.

ift. Touching the Danger of your Majeftie.

Both fhee and her favourers thin he- that fhee hath Right nor
only to fucceed, but to enjoye yourCrowne in Poffemon. And
therefore as fhte is a moft impatient Competitor (acquainted
with Blood) fo will fhee not fpare any meanes that may take
you from us, being the only let, that /bee enjoyeth not her de-
lire,

Shec

of LETTERS. 445 **

Shee is hardened in Malice againft your royall Perfon, not-
withstanding that you have done her all Favour, Mercy and
kindnes, as well in preferving her Kingdome as faving her
Life, and falving her Honour.

And therefore there is no Place for Mercy, where there is no
Hope of Amendment, or that (hee will defift from her moft
wicked attempt. The rather for that her Malice appeareth fuch,
that fhee maketh as it were her Teftament of the fame to
be executed after her Death, and appointeth her Executors to
perform the fame.

Shee arTirmeth it lawfull to move Invafion ; Therefore as of
Invafion Victory may enfue, And of Victory the Death of the
vanquifhed -, So doth fhee not obfeurely profeiie yt lawfuil to
deffroy you.

Shee holdeth vt not only lawfull, but honourable alio j and
meritorious to take your Life, &c. as being deprived of your
Crowne by her Holy Father. And therefore fhee will (as (hee
hath continually done) feek vt by all meanes whatfoeuer.

Shee is greedy of your Death and preferreth it before her
owne Life, .tor in her late direction to fome of her Complices,
fhee willed whatfoever became of her, the tragicall execution
mould bee performed on you.

There is by fo much the more Danger to your Perfon fince
the Sentence then was before, by how much it behoveth them
that woulde preferue or advannce her to haften your Death ,
now (or never) before execution donne upon her, as knowing
that you and none elfe can give direction for her Death
(and that by vour Death the Sentence hath loft the Force of
Execution) and otherwife they fhould'come too late if they took
not the prefent Opportunitie to help her.

Her Friends hold Invafion unprofitable while you live, and
therefore in their Opinion your Death is firft and principally to
bee fought, as the moil compendious way to wynne the Rcalme
by Invafion.

Somme of the oldeft and wifefr. Papiites fet it down for a fpe-
cial Drifte to occupy you with conceite that the Prcfervalion of
her Life is the fafety of your owne, and therefore you may bee

allured

446"* A COLLECTION

afmred that they verely thinke that her Life will be your Death
and deftruclion.

**.-

2d. For fo much as conccrncth the Religion, Of

It is mo(l perillous to fpare her that hath continually breath-
ed the Overthrow and Suppreffion of the lame, being poyfon-
ed with Popery from her tender Youth, and at her Age joyn-
ing in that falily termed Holy League, and ever fmce and now
a profeiled Enemy of the Truth.

Shee refleth wholly upon popifh Hopes to be delivered and
advanced, and is fo devoted and doted in that Profeffion, that
ihee will (as well for Satisfaction of others as feeding her owne
Humour) iupplant the Gofpel where and whenfoeuer fhee
may : which evil is fo much the greater and the more to bee a-
voyded, as that it ilayeth the Soule, and will fpread itfelf not
only ouer England and Scotland, but alio into all Parts beyond
the Seas where the Gofpell of God is maintayned, the which
cannot but bee exceedingly weakened, if defection fhould hap-
pen in thefe two moil valyaunt Kingdomes.

3d. Touching the happy Eftate of this Realme.

The Lydeans fayd, union Regem agnofcunt Lidi : duos autem
tollerare non pojfitnt. So we fay, unicam Reginam Elizabethans
agnofcunt Angli : duas autem tollerare non pojjunt : And therefore
fmce fhe fayeth that fhee is Queen here, and we neither can
nor will acknowlede any other but you to be our Queen j It
will follow if fhe preuayle, fhee will rather make us Slaves then
take us for Subjects : And therefore the Realme figheth and
groaneth under feare of fuch a Stepmother.

She hath already provided us a fofter Father and a Nurfe,
the Pope and King of Spayne, into whofe Hande if yt fhould
mifhappen vs to fall, what can wee elfe looke for, but Ruyne,
Deftrudtion, and utter Extirpation of Goods, Lands, Lyves,
Honours and all.

Whilft fhee fhall lyue, the Enemyes of the State will hope
and gape after your Death ; they truft to make Invafion profita-
ble for them, which cannot bee but that the fame mould be

moft

of LETTERS. 447 **

moft lamentable for us, and therefore it is meet to cut off the
Head of that Hope.

As fhe hath already by her poyfoned Baites brought to de-
flruction more Noblemen and their Houfes, and greater Multi-
tude of Subiects during her being here, then fhee mould have
bene hable to have done if fhee had bene in PofTefTion of her
owne Crowne, and armed in the Field againft us : So will fhee
flill bee continuall Caufe of the like Spoyle to the great Lolle
and Peril of this Eftate ; And therefore this Realme neither
can nor may endure her.

Her Sectaries do write and print that we be at our Witts and
Worlds End; if fhe outlyue your Majeflie; meaning thereby
that the End of our World is the Beginning of theirs j And
therefore take her away and their Worlde will bee at an End
before it beginne*

Synce the fparing of her in the xivth Year of your Raigne,
popifh Traytors and excufants have multiplied exceedingly j if
you fpare her now, againe they will grow both innumerable and
invincible alfo.

Mercv now in this Cafe would in the End proue Cruelty a-
gainft us all. Nam efi qiuedam crude lis mifericordia. And there-
fore to fpare her is to fpill vs.

Shee is only a Coien to you, in a remote Degree j But wee
bee Sonnes and Children of this Land, whereof you be not on-
ly the naturall Mother, but alio the wedded Spoufe ; And
therefore much more is due from vou to us all, then to her
alone.

It would exceedingly grieue and wound the Hartc of your lov-
insr Subjects if thev mould for lb horrible Crime fee you not con-
dignely punifh her. If any bee wauering yt will wynnethem "o the
worier Parte, and many will feeke to make their own: where-
fore as well for Comfort of the one as Stave of the other, and
retaining of all ; It is moll needfull that Juilice bee done upon
her.

Thoufands of your molt loving Subjects of all degrees which
haue for fpeciall Zeale of your Safety made Oathe before (rod
to purfue to Death by all feafible and poffible Meanes, f nee as
fhee is by jufl Sentence now found to bee, cannot faue their

Oathe^

4+ b** A COLLECTION

Oathes if you keep her alive, for then either we muft take her
Lite from her without your direction ; which will bee to our ex-
treame Dannger by the Offence of your Lawe, or elie wee muft
lurrer her to lyue againft our expreffe Religion, the which will be
to the uttcrmoft Peril of our own Soules, wherewith no Act of
Parliament or Power of Man whatfoever can in any wife dif-
pence. And therefore feeing it rcfteth who ! ly in you by a moil
worthie and jnft Execution of this Sentence to keepe us upright
and free us in both, wee have moil humbly andearneftlybeibught
vou, &c. that fpeedie Juftice bee donne upon her: Whereby
yourfelf may bee fafe, the State of your Realme preferved, and
wee not only deliuered from this Trouble of Confcience, but
alfo recomforted ; and to endeuour to lave ourfelues and all
ours; into whatfoeuer Perill we run for the Preferuation and
Safety of you.

Laflly, Confider

God's Vengeannce againft Sauk for fparing Agag ;
Againft Achab for fparing the Life of Benedad ; Both which
were by the juft Judgment of God deprived of their King-
dom for fparing thefe wicked Princes whom God had de-
livered into their Hands of purpofe to be flayne to Death by
them as by the Minifters of his eternal and deuine Juftice.

How much thefe Magiftrates were remended that put to
Death thofe mifcheivous and wicked Eneemes 'Jefabell and
Athalia.

How wifely Solomon proceeded to punifli, intent in putting
to Death his own naturall and elder Brother Adonias for the
only Intention of a Marriage which gave fufpicion of Treafon.

Where is no more defiered of your Majeftie, than the ve-
ry Pope (now your fworne Enemy) of fome of thefe late Con-
ipirators, and the wicked Lady herfelf haue thought fitt to fall
on her.

He in like cafe gaue Sentence vita Conradini mors Charoli
Mors Conradini vita Caroli. They in their beft Mindes and
remorfe of Confcience fetting downe the beft meanes of your
Safety, faid, hee that hath no Armes cannot fight, and he that
hath no Leggs cannot runne away, but he that hath no Heade can
doe no harme - y Pi fa's primum a capite fcztat She by her vo-
luntary

of LETTERS. 449**

Iuntary fubfcribing to the late Affociation, &c. gave this Sen-
tence againfr. her felfe. And after in her Lies of thefe Trefons
to Babmgton, wrote that if fhe were difcouraged yt would give
iufficient Caufe to you to keep her in perpetual clofe Prifon, by
which laft Words lhee could meane nothing elie but paynes of
Death.

Therefore wee feing on the one Side.

How you haue to the Offence of mightie France advanced
Religion.

With what tender Care, and more then motherly Piety, you
haue always cherifhed us the Children of this Land.

With what Honour and Renowne you have reftored the an-
cient Righte of the Crowne.

With what Peace and Juflice you haue governed.

With what Store and Plenty you have reigned over us.

On the other Side feeing that this Enemy of our Felicity

feekes.

To undermine the Religion, &c.
To fu plant us, and plant Strangers in the Place.
To transfere the Right of the Crowne to the Italian Prieft.
And the Crowne to herfelf or fome other from you.
And therefore lyeth in continuall waite to take your Life.
&e.

Therefore we pray you, &c.

For the Caufe of God :
His Church :
This Realme :
Our felues :
And your felfe:

That you will no longer bee.careles of your Life, our So-
ueraigne Safety :

Nor no longer fuffer Religion to be threatened :
The Realme to ftand in Danger :
Nor vs to dwell in fear :

P p p; But

450** A COLLECTION

But euen as Juftice hath giuen rightfull Sentence, err. fa
you will grant Execution :

But as her Life threateneth your Death : So her Deathe mai"
(by God's Fauour) prolong your Life :

And that this Evil being taken from the Earth,

Wee may praife God for your Deliuerance,

And pray him for your Contmewannce.

And with the Pfalmift fay, Deus fecit judicium > and the vn-
godlv is trapped in the Workes of her own Hands.

And fo pray God to enclvne your Heart to our jufl Defires.
Grr,

*?* Fli?

.1 It* I* J- -I if l /<^.

Lord Surry to Earl of Suflex.

My very good Lord.

AF T E R my moft hartie commendations, For as muche
as, at my lafl being withe youre Lordfhip, I did forgete
to renue mvne old fute, unto you in the favour and behalie of
my loving Friend this berer, late SerVante unto the Lord of
Richmond^ whom (if it fhall pleafc you to call unto youre good
remembrance,) youre mofte gentle promys unto me xii
Monthes part, and more, was for my fake to admitt him unto my
Lord the Prince his Hyghnes, line which time, to his no little
cofie and charge, hathe been his daily Attendance upon you,
in th' only Expectation and Truft of the fame. I am therefore
foe bold to defyre and hartely pray your Lordfhip to be fo good
now iinto him, at this my poor Requeft and Contemplation,
that his lor.gfuit herein may take Effect : Whereby the poor
man maye no longer to his greate Impoverifhmente, Hynderance
<and undoing, lofe his Tyme; enfuring you that in the good ac-
complishment hereof, ye mall not only do a Charitable dede >
but alfo help a right honeft Man, uppon whom (I doubt not)
ye mall hereafter have good caufe, to thinke your JBountie and

Goodnes

of LETTER S. 451**

Goodnes extended towards him in this behalfe, very well be-
ftowedj as knoweth hym who fend youre good Lordfhip, as
well to fare as your Harte can wyfhe or thinke, from Duref-
me place, this Friday the 28th. Day of Marcbe.

Youre Lordfjips ajjured to his Power.

H. Surry.

N. B.This Letter flews that Attendance ; Dependence and
Difappointment from Courtiers, which fo many have fat aly expe-
rienced, was the Fajhion of the former, as well as prejent 'Times.

In a deed of Eeofment dated 1554. from Chriftopher
Peckeryng, to John Pulvertoft, to few the Kings
fupremacy was the receivd Senje and Law of thofe
Times, though Queen Mary, a noted and obfttnat
Papifl, had a fc ended the llirone of thefe Realms,
the aforefaid deed began thus.

THIS Indenture made the 1 8th of May, in the Firfl Year
of the Reign of our Sovereign Lady Queen Mary the
Firft, , by the Grace of God Queen of England, France and In-
land, Defender of the Faith, and in Earth of the Church of En-
gland and Ireland the Supreme. Head, between Chrijlopber Pec-
keryng of Toynton, in the County of Lincoh Yeoman, on the
one parte, and John Pulvertofi, of Bennyngton in the County
aforefaid, Hu(bandman, on the other parte, WitnerTeth, <sc.

N. B. This original Deed is in the Collection of Mr fojeph
Ames, and it is to be remark'd that this Popifo Queen had
reign'd almoft a whole Year, when this deed was made,

P p p 2 The

452** A COLLECTION

"Temp. Eliz.
The Archbifhop of Dublin, to Secretary Wilfon.

I hathe plcafed God of late to call to his Mercie the Bufhop-
pe of -Femes, whereby the favde Bumooricke beins^e nowe
in her Majelties graunt, to recommend thereunto fome fuch
man -as her grace mall lyke of, I am crediblie given to under-
itande, that one Richard Dcvrox, Brother to the late Bufhoppe,
maketh earned Travell bothe heare 2nd in Inglande for her
Majelties Letters of Recommendacion in his behalfe, unto the
fayde Bufhoprick. And for that the faid Diocesys is a Member of
my Province, the firft Inglijhe and civill countray in Ireland,
Sythens the Conqueftj and nowe marveyloufly milled" and
drowned in Poperie, by reafon of certain Romauiji Freyars, to-
lerated by the negligence or carelefnes of the laft Bufhoppe, and
fhall therefore have more need of a godlie wyfe and ftrenuos
Man for that place ; I have thoughte good, as well to crave
yor ayde for the ftaye of her Majefties Letters of Recommen-
dacion, that it maie bee tyll my cominge to the Courte,
which mail God willinge bee verie fhortlie : As allfoe to defcribe
to you the manners of this Sewter, that however ytt be, conli-
deringe the Unworthenes of the Parfon, you may ufe yor ut-
termofte indervor, to the backinge of foe unworthie a Sewter.

Truthe js, that duringe the Lyfe of his Brother the laft Bu-
fhoppe, this Richard Devrox rulinge hym over in all refpects,
manie unlawfule and ungodlie things hee dyd and fufFered in
the Dioces : Hymfelf held tooe or three Ecclefkfticall Lyvings,
and yett lyved as a laye Man, deteftinge the minifterie, being
allfoe a notorious Papi/le, and an earnefte favorer of all fuche
profeflbrs, and a Man of unchafte lyfe, gyven to noe Godlie
Exercifes or Studdie, and beinge, towchinge dyverfe of thefe
poyntes detected and complayned of bothe in my Vifitation,
and before the Commimoners, uppon his Othe avouched hym-
felfe a Priefte, made nott longe fythens, more romano^ yett in
the Dioces denyeth his callings, and therefore hath procur'd
Bifpenfacion, de ?ion prcmovendo. And as thoughe all this

weare

of LET T E R S. 453 **

weare nothinge, he hathe of late married his own Cofen Ger-
man, one whom his Brother kepte in Adulterie by the con-
ftant and notorious fame of all the Countrie, and for whofe
fake onlie he feketh the Bimopricke : to confirme to her the
leafes made by his Brother, offeavenfeyeralChurch.es, and a
goode part of the Landes of the Bimopricke : The naughtines
of whofe hole Dealings, Life and Converfacion ys niche, that
ytt hathe carried my penne farther, then either my ufe or -nature
yi, towchinge anie Man's creditt : Howbeit as I am cheefe-
lie moved with the Zeale of Gods Church and his Flocks, foe
next my bounden Deutie to her excellent Majefties, moveth
mee to defyre earneftlie, that foe unfytte a Man maie nott bee
thoughte worthie of Recommendacion of foe gracious a Princefs
and foe carefull of the Health and Salvacion of her Subjects.
I have ufed this Boldnes with you to befeache you to bee the
means as well becaufe I knowe'the Letters, if any bee granted
doe pafTe yor Handes, as allfoe for that yor good Zeale to -fur-
ther good caufes, putteth me in hope of a good Event of my
Jvequefle. Befeachinge you notwithftandinge that as my Re-
q uefl ys to you pry vate, foe ytt woulde pleafe you, my Letters
may be alfoe pry vate to yor Selfe onlye. My L. Deputie
hathe tolde mee hee hathe wrytten to you, to procure her
Majefties Lyceance for my cominge into Ingland, but for
thatt as yett I heare nothinge of ytt. I hartelie befeche you
to be a means ytt maie bee fpeadelie fent over, for althouge I
have heare my L. Deputies Letter, yett ; I thinke my cominge
mail bee the better thought of, yf I have her Majefties allfoe.
And fo with my hartie commendacions, I committ you to
God. From Dublin this viiith. q September, 1578.

Superfcribed to the right Honorable
Mr. Secretarie Wilfon, one of
her Majefties moft honourable
Privie CouncelL Geve theef

Tour verie ajfured Friend,

Adam Dublin.
Ex originali per Honbilem, D: Thomam Wilfon, Baronettwn,

e Familia ead,

4.54** A COLLECTION

Having read a peice publijti d fometime ago^ by a very,
ingenious and learned Author y calfd the Pleasures of
the Imagination^ / have venturd to abfiraB the
following Account of the Progrefs of the Imagination ,.
fro?n a every old Parchment Book y partly Mfs, and
partly black Letfer\ It was- thought -worthy 'of a place
in the Collection y of the late Sir Thomas TwiiHen.

Of the iiature^ force and progrefs of the Imagination.,

AS the outward Sences are five: in number, So there,
are five interior Sences or Powers in Man, and yet
ibme reduce them into four ; but the firft is the com-
mon Opinion, namely, the common Sence, the Imagination,.,
the Judgement, the Fantq/ie,. and the Memory. Of the Office
and Virtue of all which Sences , I mall not treat at pre-
fent, but of the Sence of Imagination only; the Property
and Office whereof is to.retein and keep thofe Images and Fi-
gures that the common Sence receives, firft from the exteriour
tSrnce, and then fends it to the Judgement j from whence af-
terwards it comes to the Fancy, and there is locked up and cof-
fered in the Memory. And firft the Imagination alters
and moves with the Reprefentation- of things,, although
it have them not prefent, which the common Sence cannot
unleife they be prefent 5 In which appears the greatnefs and
marvellous force of 'the Imagination. For Example.

A Man flceps and all his Sences are at Reft, and yet
his Imagination ceafeth not to Work and to prefent Things
to him as if they were prefent and the Man awake. The
Imagination is able to move the pafiions and affections of the
Soul, and can in various manners provoke the Body to change
its Accidents: it can turn the Spirits Uppermofl, to be Lower-
?;ioft; the Injide, Outwards-, and produce divers Qualities to the
Members. Imagination can make a Man Jick or well. When
the. Imagination conceives fomething of Pleafure, then Joy
heightens and cafls the Spirits out ; and when of Fear lowers
and draws them inward, Joy inlargeth the. Heart, Sorrow pens

of LETTERS. 4S5*<

\t up and both are produc'd by Imagination. The Imagination
of fear, caufes cold, and makes the Heart quake, puts hat to
Flight, and makes the Tongue and Words to Tremble. The
pity, that is caufed and put forward by the Imagination, to fee
another Suffer, makes many times him that feeth iuch Diftrefs,
to change more than he that fuffers ; as We know many times,
fome Standers by will Swoon to fee another Jet Blood, and
alter more at an Incifion, or the dreffing of a Wound, than
the Patient.

A Itrong Imagination hath Power to change Things as
when we hear or fee another eat any thing that is (harp or
fower, we feel a kind of Sowcrnefs in our Mouth ; and feeing
another eat fweet or favoury Things, we feem to tafta kind of
Sweetnefs, &c. in our Mouth, and fo of bitter Things.

Examples

St. Aufien makes mention of a Perfon hearing a Song,
or any mournful Tune, or crying or weeping, who ima-
gined the Sorrow his own, and partaking of his Nature
fainted and fell down in fuch fort, that he would be without any 1,
manner of Senfe ; and yet if on a Hidden any one lung any
pleaiant Tune, he would come to himfelf again. Plinie re-
ports the like Thing of one called Hermotim, who by Strength
of Imagination, changed in fuch fort that his Spirits were gone,
and then coming again to himfelf, he would tell what he had
lQcn and felt.

Quillaum de Paris, faith, he knew a Man that only with
feeing a Purgation, without tailing it, apprehending it by a
firong Imagination, had 'as many Operations as he that took it. It
is fo with them which dream, for luppofc it is the Imagination
thatcaufeth it, yet if in the Dream they think they are burned, they
will feel Pain, although there be no Fire to burn. Strong Imagi-
nation can with fuch Force move feveral Kinds of Things, that
/lie imprints in them the Figure of Things imagined, and then
fetteth them to work in the Blood, and this is of fuch Force,
that it even extends itfelf to the Members of a third Perfon ;
as we fee in Women with Child, which by means of a ftrong
Imagination, that fhe hath of the Thing me defires to eat
(which is called Longing) many times the Print or Figure of
the Thing is found upon the Child ; and fometimes fhe dies.
Thus it often happens with him that is bitten with a mad Dog,

4^6** A COLLECTION

by the Imagination that he hath of the, Dog, there will be feen .
in his Urine, the Shape of a Dog.

As we have faid before, the imaginative Virtue hath fuch
Power and Force over the Bodies of the third Perfon, that
Damafcene recites, That in the Confines of Pifce, in a Place
called S. Peters, a Woman was brought to Bed of a Savage
She-child,, having the Skin in the Form and Likenefs of a*
Camel, which happened by reafon, that at the Conception of that
Child, fhe was contemplating upon the Image of S. John Bap-
tifty that .fhe had in her Chamber: So that as we have, faid of
Children, the Imagination hath fuch Power, that it can make
the Children refemble thole Perfons that the. Parents do ima-
gine and think of.

Avicen alfo is of Opinion, that the Imagination may be fo
ftrong, that it may make a Man fuddenly be deprived of the
Ufe of his Limbs, and can: him to the Ground, tormenting
him as if he were mad. So c Thomas fpeaking after Avicen, afks,
which foonefl kills the Body, the melancholy Imagination, or
the delegable Imagination, the Violence of the one or other ;
Joy as I have obferved expels and forceth out the Spirits, and
leaves a Man often as if without Life j the other binds them in
io ftrong, that thereby grows a violent Suffocation. I faw in
Sevile, James OJorius, who was taken by the Catholick King,
and by the flrong Imagination of Fear, became old, and white
haired, only in one Night being the Day before ftrong and
young. Laftry, Imagination many times makes Men become
Fools ; and at fuch times (o ill and crazie, that . its Effects and
Power is wonderfull.

Thus ends our Author's Account of the Nature and Effects
of Imagination, which tho' fomewhat ftrange I have pub-
lished to fhew, or rather expofe, an Effect I fuppofe of this
interior Faculty, which I was going to call Whim of the Mind,
from which many Conundrums have been bred in the Brain,
many Cafiles built in the Air, many chimerical Notions and Ex-
ploits, which have ended in Jayls, or in that Man/ton of Moor-

ffe/ds,

"* John had his Rayment of ComcVs Hair ; but with great fubmiflion to our
Author, this hath in it much of the Marvelous,

;*/ L E T T E R S. 457**

fields* which may not unaptly be called the Britifi Seat of an
exalted and crowded Imagination. And this puts me in mind,
before I proceed further, of an excellent little Piece of Poetry,
published foon after the South Sea Year 1720, a few Lines of
which I believe I can remember, and are applicable to my
prefent Subject.

Near fam'd Moorfields extends a fpacious Seat,
Where Mortals of exalted Wit retreat ;
Where wrapt in Contemplation and in Straw,
The wifer F ew from the mad World withdraw ;
There in full Opulence a Banker dwelt,
Who all the Pangs and Joys of Riches felt ;
His Sideboard glitter'd with imagirid Plate,
And his proud Fancy held a vait Eftate.

'The Hero of this Poem being reprefented as carrying .on great
Payments ana Money Affairs in this imaginary Com^ting Houfc,
the Poet makes him cut ten Notches in a Scuer, and then adds*
that the poor Man fuppcfing himjtif teas d for Payments

with Tndignation flings it on the Ground,
Here, take my Tally for ten thousand Pound.

Thus we fee the Power of Imagination in an in fane Mind*
nor are there more frequent Objects of fuch Diftrefs, than
thofe who have left the natural Plan of their Purfuits, and
have appeared extremely Happy and Joyous in the airy and
wild Flights of Imagination. For

Deleclat angitque Chimera,

The Pleafure as well as Pain of fuch Imagination* is as Great
as its F'orce is Wonderful ; and through all the great Sciences
and Profeffions, we may perceive Inflances and Examples of
imaginary Adepts happy in their Conceits and running upon this

Qjj q Rock

458** A COLLECTION

Rock y which by fome Fatality in Generation, feems placed in
the Brain for high Genius s and Wits to fplk on.

And firft as to Phyficians, that learned, great, and polite
Body of Scholars -, it is very common to fee an ignorant Cox-
comb with a wonderful Difplay of Face, large Muff r long,
Gold headed Cane, zndjparkling Ring, joining the Faculty in
fome Coffee-houfe or Affembly of the Sensijbles , there with,
his College Licenfe and; Permifjion, inflead. of regular Creden-
tials, he ftruts Jackdaw like amongft the "'Peacocks with the
Feathers of that Indulgence, and imagines himfelf the Hippo-
crates of the Profession,

How many Apothecarys and Surgeons hath the Strength of
Imagination feduced from their little Shops, and /It ft Vipers,
and Alligators, where they got a comfortable Livelihood,, to
commence Phifcians, and by changing the Mr. into the Doclor,
have foon reduced themfelves to the incapacity of changing a
Shilling, unlefs they have had Cunning and Com age enough to
pufh off a nonfenfcal Nojfrum, and puff its Succefs from the
Affidavits of Patients who have been cured, as they have^
up, from the Force of Imagination, that is, from the Change mo-
ther than Removal of Pains, from thofe little ones which
were more Troublejome than Dangerous, to thofe which are
more Dangerous than Troublefome, from thofe which they
might have endured many Years, and by the regular Applica-
tion of Phifick have had long and pleafant Intervals ; to thofe
which will very foon fend them to their Fathers. We hear of
every marvelous Cure of Quackery, but are ignorant of its ma-
ny Failures, of the Multitude deftroyed and made miferable by
the Tryals and Operations of their imaginary Skill and In vena-
tion. I cannot conclude my Obfervations on fuch modeft
Imaginants in Phifick, without relating an old Story of a
French Quack, fo long ago as the Reign oi Queen Elizabeth.

He pretended and fwore to it, that he had feen a Virion,
which delared to him the wonderful Effect of his own
Water, in feveral Cafes and Diforders, and efpecially in any
Inflamation or Difeafc of the Eyes ; which Water was to be
applied from that which he made firft in the Morning, for
none in any other Time of the Day was availing. His firft

Vouchers

of LETTER S. 459**

Vouchers were many of his People who were in the Secret,
and lwore to its marvelous and Salutary Enrols, till he had
every Morning as great a Levy as a Minifter of State, and as
many Shillings from each Patient as greatly enriched him.
Imagination worked very ftrongly in every Attendant till they
grew fo blind they could not find their way to his Door. In
ihort the imaginary Succefs of this Man's Water greatly fpread
and increafed through every Town, till a Strangury or Stop-
page of Urine frightened the foolifh Quack with the Thoughts'
of a Judgment upon him, and put an End to his Impudence
arid Impoiition.

With regard to Divinity, how many poor Country Cu-
rates have built the airy Caftle of a Biilioprick, or formed the
Plan of a Deanery in their Minds, 'til from the Strength of Ima-
gination, it has brought up their tattered Crape to this Town to be
covered in a little Time with Lawn : in which with all their
imaginary Parts and Learning very few have fucceeded, even
to a little Benefice, unlefs they have had the Fortune of get-
ting into the good Graces of Squire Somebody's House Keep-
er, or which is the more likely Step of Preferment, marry-
ing a Load's Cast off.

The fame has been obferved with refpect to the Law,
where the Strength of Imagination from a View of, or little
Envy at, the deferved Reputations and Succefs of fome great
Men, have brought little Attorneys and Clerks from their
Defks, and green Seal Wits thofe valuable Records of their
Knowledge to be called to, and ftarve at the Bar.

I might go through moft Profeflions and make the fame
Obfervations. I knew once a Parijlj Clerk that had worn a
Parifh Gown and Band fo long, that he imagined, and pre-
fumed himfelf in Orders, frequently prayed by thofe who per-
haps were too poor for the Curate's Attendance ; till at length
his Reafon returned, by being punifhed for marrying a Cou-
ple in Hafte and Extremity.

To conclude,

Many and fatal have been the ErTecls and Chimeras pro-
duced from Imagination; Bedlam, as I have hinted, is full of me-

Q^q q 2 lancholy

460** /COLLECTION

lancholy and frantick Kings, Queens, Lords, and dijpairing Sin-
ners, difplaying'the^tf^/ZDelufion and Force of Imagination y
and if Mr. Garrick would favour us with his Lift, I am
perfuaded he has a crowded one of many Taylors, 'Journeymen
Barbers, and perhaps fometimes good and fkilful Tradefmen,
full of Imagination of their theatrical Accomplijlwients, and
great Qualifications for the Bufkin ; till his Difcountenance of
their aukivard Exhibitions and refufal of their humble Proffers
of themfelves, have fent them again to their Shops ; unlefs the
diftempered Imagination has been very high and malignant, and
then the poor Inhabitants of Smithfield and the Borough of
Southwark have been annually punifhed with their Perfor-
mances. Permit me now to obferve an Inftance of the Effect
and Force of Imagination, which has fometimes, I dont fay
often, formed that odd kind of Creature which we call a
Humorist, one of the ftrangeft Productions in human Na-
ture.

A Humourifi as I intend to defcribe him, is one that from
this unhappy Difeafe of the Mind has granted himfelf a Li-
cence to think and talk as he pleafes j that imagines himfelf to
be great and eveiy one elfe little, except two or three of his
Complexion, but that rauft be natural, for like Apema?itus in
Timon he muft not be aped nor imitated, no Promethus muft
fetch Fire from him, he is an Original that muft not be copied,
for he'll fet to no Painter. He is above ftudying for a perfect
Knowlege of Things, that he leaves to the Drudge and Book-worm,
fo that perhaps you may fee him an Adept in no Branch of
Learning, but he has all the technical Terms, and fome fmat-
tering of every Science, and knows he cannot carry on his
Plan, but be called Fool inftead of Humouri/l, if he had not or
appeared to have fome Reading and a Knowledge of the Sub-
ject he enters upon. Pride and Self-fufficiency are prevailing
Ingredients in his Com'polition, he loves to be thought wife
and confiderable, but you muft not offer him any Praije, he is
fo Senjible as to feel that Stuff as it trickles down his Back, and
feems to defpife Flattery, perhaps much more than he really
does, Odd Conceits, Whimfys, Fancys, noftrums of Opi-
nions.

of LETTERS. 461**

Tiions, Prejudices to Perfons and Things fire the Habits and
Humours of his Mind. He is not brutal, he would grieve and
injure none whilft he loves to difpleafe all, he would fain make
bimfelf difagreeahle but has fomething about him which often
prevents it. In ihort his Mind is never in a thorough State of
Healthy there are the Chyle, the Bile, Spittle, pancreatick
yuices, and all the particular bodily Humours I mean the
Fermentations of Jndigejlion, Movements of the Gall, Swellings \
Choler, acid or fharp yuices, or fometimes irijipid, and lym-
phatick ones; or there may be perchance in the Mind of this
Humour i ft, fomething fiveet or civil wrapt up in the fame Coat
like the duc~ius Pancreaticus, which in the Body volatilizes the
Meat from the acid Ferment of the Stomach; ail thsfe Ef-
fects may be produced from the Humours of his Mind. He
has little or nothing of Humour in a veiy common and agree-
able Senfe of the Word, for to tell him he has pleajed or
entertained any one would be greatly to di/lurb him 5 he is one
wedded to his own Humour, and will Laugh if he pleafes at a
Funeral, or Weep at a Comedy ; he is half good natured,
half morofs, a great Dealer in the unaccountable, fometimes
laughing, oltner growling ; he is afraid to pleafe any Man with
Approbation, and delirous to offend a Multitude, kind and civil
in Appearance to every one that is generally dijliked, and that
not in Favour to him, but in Oppojition to others ; he is an Ad-
mirer and Puffet up of a Book, which lies under the Sentence;
of Folly and Condemnation, not that he likes it, or that he as-
together dont know a Book, but cannot bring himfelf to think
of it like other People ; he never gives his Opinion but deter-
mines, and who ever has his Word for it rauft be ingenious
and Jucceed in their Prof f ions.

I dont know nor I dont care whether I have defcribed or at
?11 hit off the Character of a Humourijl ; but this I know,
that there are Perfons of this Caff, produced from the Strength
of Imagination ; that it is the Temper and Conduct very often
of a Man that has nothing bad in his Principles ; and who
had never perhaps appeared fo wild and full of odditys, but
reading above his rate of Learning and Education, and finding

4.62** A COLLECTION

or being pleafed or alarmed with fomething he did not know,
before, has made him fet himfelf up for a Great Man and
tiven him Imagination of being a much higher Genius than he
is ; fo that with a Fluency of Words , fome juft though un-
common Obfervations proceeding from great natural Parts, he
pufhes himfelf at the Head of Tables, and awes much greater
Men into Attention, partly from a Defire of being diverted,
and partly from a hear of his Satyr. I have fometimes
known a Man turn & fewer Humourijt from an unhappy Opinion
of his being placed in Life much below his fancied Me-
rit and Capacity, which has made him fretful, and Laugh at
all Grandeur and Superiority to conceal his own difappointed
Ambition. But this is not the Humourifl I am levelling at,
who take him for all in all is a good fort of Animal. He is one
whom we may Laugh with without Laughing at, or may
Laugh at without Contempt or any mean Opinion of ; ii, fhort
there is no real Mifchief in him ; upon cajling him up, the Ba- ,
lance feems in his Favour ; and to prove ftill further the Oddi-
ty of this Character and ftrange Effect of Imagination, he has
a Goodnefs of Hearty and many valuable and humane Senti-
ments.

In fhort I muft diftinguifli my Humourifl, from the quite
Dijagreeable of that Species who generally di/like the World,
as much as the World does them, and who Jiving and acting
like themfelves, commonly live by them/elves. My Humourifl
has many fociable Virtues, and his great Quarrel with the
World is from the Opinion he has imbibed, that few People
are poifefled of any. My Humourifl can fometimes approve as
weil as condemn, and though Praife and Commendation dont
exactly tally with his Humour, yet I have known him give
N : erit its due, and feen him differ from himfelf in being Com-
plaifant, Civil, and in a fort of Intimacy with a worthy Man ;
I have feen him Lively, Jolly, and Jocofe, as well as Snarling
and Satyrical ; nay 1 have feen him very fevere and angry with
a very knowing, learned, and confiderable Man in his Profejfwn,
only for his Love of Calumny and Defamation.

He will not indeed be loud in the Character and Recom-
mendation of Society s, from which he has received no Ac-
count

of LETTERS. 463**

count nor Information of publick Utility ; and this perhaps ha*
made him free with certain Bodys of the Learned j he is a
Member of none himfelf, and for this Reafon amongil others,
becaufe it would deprive him the Pleaiure he takes in laugh-
ing at all of them. Some that efleem them/elves very Venerable
and Important, I have known the Fuels of his farcajlical Wit and
Genius ; he fpeaks of a learned Antiquarian with as much
Freedom and Contempt, as he would of one of the Bealts that
had been in Noah's Ark if he was in Exiftence j or of a cryed
up Mfs. from the Ruins of Herculaneum, which can be made
nothing of. So mighty odd is his Humour and Turn of Senti-
ment, that he thinks a Collection of Antiquity without any
thing remarkably Interefting is of as little Value as an Eftate
in old Houfes -, and the Tail almoif, as Ridiculous as to be fond
of a Coat becaufe it is Threadbare and Cut in the Fafl.non of the
lajl Gentry > what mould wc think of a Man, fays he, that was to
appear in the Habit of his great Grandfather s Piclure, or with a
ruity Hat, Cloak and Band, and with Holes in his Stockings, be-
caufe they are all Marks of Antiquity. As to my Humour ijl with al!
his Odditys, he thinks a good watered Brilliant of five hundred
Pound, as valuable and ornamental as an old Babboon upon an
Egyptian Pebble, though faid to be engraved in the Reign of
^Pharaoh. Such a Tail he thinks difcovers a Humourifi full as
odd as himfelf, always fupplys him with Cenfure and Ridicule;
fo that though my Friend will have his Humour, there is often
a Difplay of good Judgment, He is not like many other Hu-
mourifts, who never think like other People, from an Imagi-
nation that no Man can think right but themfelves, tho' they have
no better Reafon for their Singularity of Opinion, or general
Contradiction, than a fantaftick Perfuafion of their exalted Abi-
litys, and a Delire to. fink the Credit and Efteem of thofe whofe
fuperior ones they are afraid of.

There are other Symptoms of this Diflemper of the Brain,
and Progrefs of Whim and Imagination,, fuch as Beaftlinefs of
Drefs, exhaling Mundungus in an Alehoufe Kitchen, with.
his own Coach at the Door, and filling a well fpread Table
with the loweft of Company. This Humour borders I own up-
on Folly and Madnefs, and has made me too Sick of the Sub-
ject to dwell any longer upon it.

P. S.

464** A COLLECTION

P. S. Upon (hewing this Account of the Humourift to a
particular Friend before it was Printed, he reminded mc of a
most worthy and very we U known Man, of excellent Cha-
racter, great Adeptnefs in Bufmeis, and with many humane
and good Qualitys, but of great Oddity and humour. 1 hough
of an affluent Fortune, and in a very honourable Employment,
and many Servants in his Houfe, he would light his own
Fires, be found by great Men grealing his own Loots and
Shoes by the Fire with a Tallow Candle. His full Drefs was
a rufty Black, a Tye Wig, and one Side of his Hat fkpt. His
Appearance on Horfeback was without Boots, and if at the
Seafon for going into the Country, with his Cook Maid he-
hind him; efpecially if (lie hit his Humour in Cookery, which
was to boil French Beans till they were Yeilow, his Ba..on
with the thick Rind on, and fpoil every Dim which came up-
on his Table. He had great Goodnefs of Heart, much Com-
panion and Beneficence, with a mcfr. difengaging Appear 1 nee
of furly Morofsnefs ; he feldom gave a civil A?ijwer, but ne-
ver refufed doing a good Office, or denied a reafonable Requeft;
he would blow out all the Candles but one if he came home
on his Wife's vifiting Day, to give a Leflbn of Oeconomy ;
t ;t with all thefe little Humours, he had an Understanding
a? d Integrity which rendered him very valuable in his Office
and Station, and a devout, iincere, and ferious Regard, for
Go" and religious Dutys, which has I doubt not gained him
a; tr ; afring Reft and Felicity, and was an ample Amends
for <uch innocent Oddity s<

^/LETTERS. 441

The following Letters printed in the Weekly Mif-
cellany, in the Year 1738, I have been defired
to publiih in this Collection.

Quot Homines tot Sententic?.

Mr. Hooker,

f g ^ H O' the dirTerentTaifesand Opinions of Men, have been
fo long obfervable, as to eftabliih the Proverb which
I have chofen for my Motto j yet I can never perceive it with-
out Surprize and Admiration. 'Tis from this Oppofition of
Temper and Genius, that the Prefs fvvarms with fuch Variety
of Compofitions, and that the Town is crowded with its feveral
kinds of Diverfions. 'Tis what racks the Brains of Authors
for Subjects, as it does our Spital-Fields Weavers for Variety
of Patterns : There is not a Mercer nor Shopkeeper, who does
not reduce this Notion of the World to Experiment ; the taw-
dry Silk which the Duchefs would reject with Difdain, is pro-
due'd to her Chambermaid, as the mod genteel thing in Town,
and her gew-gaw Fancy is immediately taken with the party-
colour'd Piece of Finery. I have neither Time nor Inclination
to open thofe various Scenes which expofe Men in the Indul-
gence of their particular Pleafures ; nor have I any great Con-
cern about the Matter, unlefs when I fee Variety of Opinions
operate fo ftrongly in the Affairs of Religion -> with regard to
which I could wifh Men more regular and uniform, and that
they were all of one Mind, where Error and DifTentions may
be fo fatal and dangerous : This only excepted, I muff confefs
myfelf in the whimiical Mode of the World, and that I am
peculiar in feveral of my Notions and Opinions. I mail not tell
you what Party I efpoufe, nor whether the Craftfman or Ga-
zetteer be my Oracle in Politics. This only I beg leave to tell
you, that I very often diilike both. I am an Enemy as well to

K k k Flatterv,

4.42 ^COLLECTION

Flattery, as Infult ; and am often as fick with dull lufcious
Panegyric, as at other Times offended with Scurrility and Abufe.
You'll not be able to find out whether I am Whig or Tory by
tiiis Account j nor do I defire you mould, fince I do not know
what fide of the Queftion you take, and would willingly pro-
cure your Eileem, which I mould be afraid of lofing if our
Opinions mould clam. I have known many Inftances of this
kind in the Places where I have lived. Every Thing in a
Neighbour has been approved but a Man's Politics ; but, as
foon as he has made any Difcovery of himfelf in that Particular,
it has eclips'd every good Quality, and his Name has been as
odious as a Chrijliaris in Turkey : In fhort, I mall leave you in
the dark as to that Point, and only proceed to give you a Sam-
ple of my Tafte, with regard to the Pleafures and Diverfions of
the Town ; and here you'll think me quite alone in my Fancv,
when I tell you, that tho' I am a Man of Fortune, appear hand-
fomely drefs'd, with a good Equipage, well known and refpected
in Life, have no Averfion to Company and Pleafure, have an
Ear to Mufic, nor am an Enemy to Balls and AfTemblies where
the Company is good, and the Converfation decent j yet my
Tafte of Pleafures is on the City-fide of Temple-Bar, and of all
the Amufements in London, the Sefilons-Houfe in the Old-Baily
I have for fome Time adopted, where my Chariot is as well
known as a Phyfician's at Child's. 'Tis there I have a Specimen
of the Englijkmaris Liberty ; how he (lands and falls by the
Laws of his Country ; and, however Poor and Friendlefs, has
an honeft and fair Trial : It is not what a Man fays, but what
he can prove, that is of Confequence to the Prifoner, and as
Guilt after all its Impudence, Shifts and Difguifes, is forced to
hang down its Head upon Conviction and Condemnation : So I
am delighted with the Joy fparkling in the Face of clear'd In-
nocence, to fee it triumphing over Sufpicion or malicious Pro-
fecution. I own it Melancholy and Affedting to fee thofe Degra-
dations of Human Nature, which every Month prefents to my
View ; to fee a Fellow-Creature, and much more a Fellow-
Chriftian, fetter'd and arraign'd for injuring the Society he is a

Mem-

(/LETTERS, 44?

Member of, and owes his belt Services to. I am likewife con-
cern'd to fee little Villains only in Chains and Hand-Cuffs,
whilft great Ones of all Denominations have fometimes enjoy'd
the World in State. If all Villainy wore this Mark of Infamy ;
if every Hand of Corruption was held up at the Bar ; and all
the Iniquities of One Thoufand Seven Hundred and 'Thirty Eight ,
were to clink in fuch Pomp before me, I fhou'd be better
entertain'd ; but for want of that I pleafe myfelf with this Juf-
tice done to the Injur'd. As I would willingly have my Actions
appear well to Mankind, lb I muft tell you I am furnifhed with
fuch Reflexions from this feemingly odd and trifling Amufe-
ment as will fecure the Place which I hope to have in Mr.
Hookers Efteem, and juftify me in my Choice of Diverfions.
When I come from thefe Trials, I fometimes reflect on another
great Bar, where no Power nor Fortune will fcreen us ; where
I myfelf am to be try'd, and where, as a Son of Nature, I find
myfelf at a Lofs to plead Innocence. From viewing a puifne
Judge of Earth in this Place, my Mind is itruck and aw'd with
the tremendous Idea of the great Judge of all Men in another.
In every Malefactor I have feen brought here, the deform'd
Picture of myfelf, as an Offender againlt fome of the Divine
Laws, is before me. In this Court of Juftice I perceive fmooth
Oratory, and flourishes of Rhetoric ; I perceive Council loudly
haranguing, and Magnifying or Alleviating a Crime according
to their Inftructions and Fees. I can fee the falfe GlofTes, which
an hired Solicitor has put upon the Caufe of his Client: But at the
folemn Tribunal, to which this Bar turns my Thoughts, I can
fee only Truth prevailing and countenane'd. In that Court,
though the Judge wants no Information, as in this below \ yet
for the Public Manifestation of his own Juitice, the Confufion
of Guilt, and the Honour of Virtue, Witneffes will appear for
and againft the Parties. Methinks I fee unrelieved Poverty and
Diitrefs, bearing Teltimony of Uncharitablenefs and Inhuma-
nity ; Opprefiion of abufed Power ; and the innocent injur'd
Ward of its Truftee's Fraud and Injultice. Methinks I fee the
Luxuries and Effeminacies of a once glorious warlike State,

K k k 2 now

444 ^COLLECTION

now fhrunk into Softnefs, and Inactivity rifing in Judgment
againft it. Methinks I fee whole injur'd Nations crowding to
teftify the wicked Politics that have deftroyed them. In this
Court below, I ibmetimes perceive an honourable Acquital ;
and there a Parallel of Circumftance meets my Imagination.
Methinks I fee Innocence facing and getting the better of falfe
Accufation, and whom an Ill-natur'd World has cenfured and
condemned, that moft righteous and impartial Court releafes
with Honour. As at this Bar I have {ctn an innocent Prifoner,
calling creditable Vouchers to his Reputation, fo at the other,
methinks, I fee Virtue fummoning all her Graces as Evidences
for her ; Charitv with her bright Retinue of kind human
Offices, Temperance and Chaftity with their pure Affections,
Honour and Integrity with their fteady and unbiafs'd Practices,
Piety and Devotion in their graceful and becoming Habits, ap-
pearing to vouch for, and bring off the Chrijiian. I hope, Sir,
jou have by this Time a tolerable Opinion of my Tafte ; and
will give me leave to go there, if I return fo rationally enter-
tain'd ; if it produces fo much Improvement and proper Con-
templation. I can with Pleafure affure you my Hands were
never given to Picking and Stealing, and I was always tole-
rably honed ; but the frequent Arraignments I have feen here,
increafe my Contempt and Abhorrence of all Trick and cun-
ning Knavery ; and I am much improved in my Notions of the
Rcfpeet due to Men of Probity and Merit. In fliort, Sir, what
fo much entertains me by Dav, purines my Imagination by
Night, and I am in my Dream by turns Judge, Evidence and
Pnior.er. I am ibmetimes fo fhock'd upon my imaginary Bench
f >r fear I fliould have condemned Innocence, that in the fol-
1 ;\ving Day's Converfation I am the moft tender and referv'd
in giving my Judgment and Opinion. The Solemnity of the
Oath given me as an imaginary Witnefs at aTrialmakes me the
moft Cautious and Diffident in ail my Affertions. What is moft
dreadful to us in our waking Moments, is apt to rife up to
View, with double Terror, when afleep : To the Horror of
fueh Crimes it is owing that I am fometimes a Shoplifter in my

Dream - 3

/LETTERS. 445

Dream ; which has fuch an Effect upon me, that I am not eafy
'till all my Tradefmen are difcharged ; and fancy that whilft
their Goods are unpaid for in my PoiTemon, I am but little in-
ferior to the Character I arTumed in my Sleep. I had the other
Night a moft remarkable Virion, which if you would not think
it too abrupt, and too immediate a Tranfition, from the Grave
to the Chearful, I would take the Liberty of troubling you
with. I was laft Night in my Journey to the old Place, and
faw all the fettered Regiment marching before me from New-
gate to this monthly Review. In this ghaftly Group of Figures,
I faw a very arch-looking Fellow, whofe ragged Habit, and
yet fmart Appearance drew mine and every Body's Eyes upon
him : Moft of the other Prifoners had fome pitying Acquaint-
ance near them, who feemed to have a Fellow-feeling of their
Misfortunes ; but this young Fellow (as he has fince told me)
having loft all his Friends, was not comforted with a Jingle
Condolance. Upon his nearer advance to me I found him
much fcarify'd, and his Head appear'd to have been broken in
many Places. Every one was inquifitive about this Droll of
Misfortune, but could get no Account of him from the fturdy
Gentleman-Umer's, 'till having fpoke to one of them in a pro-
per Manner j I underflood it was a young Fellow call'd IVit,
loaded with Accusations, and now going to his Trial with thefe
Brethren in Iniquity j expecting fomething remarkable, I
haften'd to the Bench, when this Malefactor was foon call'd,
and Mr. Serjeant Profund, with great Solemnity open'd his
Indictment. Finding myfelf gone to the ufual Length of one
of your Letters, I muft therefore defer, a Poft or two, Mr. Ser-
jeant Arguments, and Poor Wit\ Defence : There are many
Things \\\ this imaginary Trial, which may furnim feveral Per-
fons with uieful Hints. However, at all Events, in making
this the Subject of another Letter, 1 (hall have one Opportunity
more of (hewing with what Sincerity

I cm

Tour Friend, to ajjijl you,

H P HIL ANTHRO P S.

446 ^ COLLECTION

SIR,

I A M one of thofe unhappy Fellows, whofe Progrefs in
Study was ftopp'd by the Death of my Father. In the fecond,
or third Year of my (landing at College, lie opportunely (as 1
then thought) went into the other World, which has made me
a good for nothing Saunterer in this. In ihort, Mr. Hooker, I
am quite vapour'd with Idlenefs ; and were it not for that
Amuiement of Coffee- Hon fes, I fhou'd long before this have
been under Dr. Monro* Management. I would not have you
think me a Man of no Religion, for tho' I mould have had
more if I had taken care to fludy more, yet the little Educa-
tion my Father gave me, whilft he liv'd, has given me lome
Senfe of my Duty ; and, I thank God, I am without thofe
loofe Notions and Practices which in my frequent Converfa-
tion with our Cqffee-Hou/e Infidels, I find to be the EffecT: of
Ignorance and Illiterature. But to go on -You may con-
itantly fee me at the mod frequented ArTemblies of Politicians
and News-Mongers, waiting at the Door for the Entrance of
a Paper, with as much Impatience, as a Bridegroom on his
Wedding-Day for the Canonical Hour, as Part of my Bufinefs
for the Day. I call'd for the Mifcellany, and to my great Sur-
prize found you in the Hands of a young Gentleman, who, I
imagin'd, would have been afham'd of your Company. But
when I faw fuch Strokes of Humour, and fo happy an Inven-
tion in the inflructive and entertaining Letter from Agricola, I
fho;.ld have wonder'd much more if its Credit had not excited
his Curiofity to look into it, and its Ingenuity had not obliged
him to read it through.

I was extremely entertain'd with this, as I was with your
former Letter ; and have carried your Athenia?i Couple, your
curious Brace of Antiques, to every Family of my Acquaintance.
Having no Bufinefs of my own, I am naturally inquiiitive
about other People's, and am as well-informed of the Matri-
monial State of their Affairs, from the Reception of this Paper,
as if I had fee'd my Lady's Woman, or confulted a difgufted

Servant.

^/LETTERS. 447

Servant. One Lady whofe red Eyes, tho' with a chearful Be-
haviour, has for fome Time convinced me that all is not well at
Home, feem'd very well pleafed with the Performance, hut
thought fomething wanting as to the Hujband's Conduct, and
fpoke her own Diftrefs in the following Remarks. " It is a
<c Pity, Sir, the Lady made no Reply, nor offered fome Things
<c for bis Confideration. She might have urged the Neceffity
" of his being the fame kind complaifant Man after, as before
" Marriage, and not letting the too fuppliant Lover foon change
<c into the morofe, domineering Hujband. How deplorable is the
tc Wife's, State, whofe Houfe is fo haunted with a Hufband's
c evil Spirit, that all her Friends and Acquaintance are afraid
" of approaching it when he is at home. He takes care,
,c indeed, of the main Chance, but can't bear a Butcher's Bill,
or any neceifary Expence, without putting himfelf out of
u Humour, and making every one unhappy about him. I
" wonder the Lady did not read him fome Lecture of Beha-
" viour, touching that Civility and Good-manners, which I
" think a Woman is nevertheless intitled to, becaufe me is a
" fFife, but rather more, fince me has done every thing to
" oblige him, made herfelf the Partner of his Cares and In-
' c conveniencies, and put fo much Confidence in him, as to
iC give him the Guardianfhip of her Perfon and Fortune." You
may fee, Mr. Hooker, where this Lady's Shoe pinches, and
what a growling Piece of Humanity is fallen to her Share.
Another Lady who has not been thus treated, in whom the
Coquet ftill reigns with all its Pertneffcs and Levities, who is
matched to the other Extreme, to a fond carelefsHufband, who
will let her run into Bankruptcy, with her Follies and Extra-
vagance, who confults the Fafhions more than his Circumltances,
and whofe Pleafures and Wardrobe bear no Proportion to his
Fortune ; She, Sir, took my Prefent in high Dudgeon, alk'd
me how long I had commene'd Member of the Club of Anti-
quarians, and where I had railed this Athenian Ghoft ixs: her
Amufement r As foon as the Alarm had run itfelf down, I
took the Liberty of telling her, that, tho' it was Old Stile, it

was

4+8 ^COLLECTION

was to her a very new Mode of Conduct ; fuch as I believe had
not been leen or worn by her Ladyfhip ; and that I thought if
(lie would put it on, it would better become her than any
Habit I ever law her wear. I was afraid to ftay for the Reply,
and went to my Chamber, to fpend the Evening in ferious
Reflexions upon the Subject of that Paper. I admired this
beauteous Piece of SubmifTion, drawn in her native Modefty,
and genuine Simplicity. It was an additional Beauty in the
Copier, to keep fo clofe to his Original. Had he given us his
ufual Ornament and Embellifhment of Drefs, tho' the Colour-
ing would have been more fafhionable, the Drawing could not
have been jufter, nor the Picture more agreeable. Lady Townlys
Vices are not the lefs contemptible for appearing drefs'd with
modern Exactnefs, and I prefer this Athenian Couple in their
antient Dialed:, and juft Notions, to any unhappy Pair of
Modern Gentry, who appear Sick of each other before the
Moon, that Emblem of their Ficklenefs and Inconftancy, has
gone through her Monthly Changes ; who loll in a Chariot to-
gether at a proper Diftance, and are uneafy till the Vifit is
over, which Decency, not Affection, has prevail'd upon them
to make together. I have often lamented the unhappy Cafe of
many young Ladies, who are taken only with the carved Image
and Figure of a Man, looking at the Tie of his Sword Knot,
more than the Turn of his Temper, and taking his Character
from the bribed Abigail, or his Taylor, or Milliner. You'll
think me very Whimfical, in comparing a new drefs'd Bride,
with all her Friends about her, to a new built outward-bound
Veflcl receiving her Owners in the River ; and with Sails fpread-
ing, Colours flying, and Mufic playing, fetting out on an
Ocean of Rocks and Quickfands. I have grieved to fee the
laft Day of a imgle Life, the only one of real Happinefs ; and
much Beauty and Treafure given for a fhort Month of Pomp
and Pageantrv. I pafs'd this Summer in a public Place, where
many Inftances of fuch Misfortune pafs'd daily in Review. I
mean, Ladies wedded to a Title, without any other good
Quality to recommend the Ilufband. One, whom I remember

2 to

of L E T T E R S. 449

to have triumph'd in the City, and to have been the Toaft and
Admiration of wealthy Merchants and Traders, appeared in this
Place a moving Skeleton, the pale Picture of her Hufband's
Vices and Debaucheries ; me is Quality indeed, and is called
my Lady ; poor Purchafe ! fhort-liv'd Amufement ! which
palls upon Ufe ; and when your Lady/fjip has been naufeouily
repeated, by Sycophants and Servants, for a little while, it is
made contemptible by Familiarity, and like a rich Brocade
grows common and diftafteful by conflant Wearing. The
Thoufands gain'd by her Father's Care and Induftry have found
their Way from his Counter to the Hazard-Table, and have
ferved only to pamper Gamefters and Sharpers ; thofe Lacd-out
Plunderers, who only change the Terms, not the Nature of
the Crime ; who, belides that upon their Company, commit
another Robbery upon Virtue, and demand their Impofitions
under the falfe Appellation of Debts of Honour. Upon fuch as
thefe and vile Proftitutes (whofe Diftempers in a good Humour
have been civilly convey'd to her) her whole Fortune is con-
fum'd, and nothing left of her Father's, but Taunts and Re-
vilings on his Trade and Occupation. As for her Quality, it
only ferves to bring her Mifery more within Notice, and to
point her out as a Beggar of Diftinction. I wifh my Friend,
Merchant Wronghead, and Mifs Fannys Mamma, would take
this Hint, and not think Grandeur the only Foundation of a
Child's Happinefs , but look out for a Man of Religion and
Virtue, and elleem the good Qualities of his Mind the mofl
valuable Rent-Roil, beyond what any Parchments or Heraldry
can give him. As Man is a fociable Creature, not made for
Solitude but Converfation, Marriage is a noble Inftitution, and
a little ufeful Society, from whence many Advantages arife.
The Sorrows of Life are leiTen'd by this Divifion, and the Com-
forts of it increafed by Communication. Marriage is, or ihould
be, the mod perfect State of Friendfiip. Mutual Interefl pro-
duces mutual AfTiftance. 'Tis owing to this Institution, that
Families have been raifed and formed : Where the moll: con-
flant Cohabitation wants this divine Licenfe, the innocent IfTue

L 1 1 is

450 ^COLLECTION

is loaded with Reproach. All Parentage and Proximity pro-
ceed from hence, and in a happy Marriage, where both Parties
behave well in their refpective Stations, the Honey-Moon in-
creafes to Years of Blifs, Long Poffeffion rivets the Affection ;
and nothing but parting can be a material Affliction. No Age
nor Infirmity can unhinge a matrimonial Efteem. The many
good Qualities, Services, and obliging Ufage of each other, are
fo lodged in the Memory, as to make Life a continual Scene of
Courtihip, and the Hufband to carry always the Lover about
him. This brings to my Mind a favourite Ballad, thought
worthy of a Tranflation, by the beft Latin Poet of the
Age.

Old Darby with Joan by his Side,

Ton have often regarded with Wonder -,

He's Dropjical, JJ:e is Sore-eyd,

Vet they re always uneafy af under,

Together they totter about,

Or Jit in the Sun at the Door ;

And at Night when Old Darby 's Pot's out,

His Joan will not fmoke a Whiff more.

I wifh the Imagination of its Author had been a little purer,
and that he had laid the main Strefs of this old Couple's Af-
fection, upon their former Virtue and good Behaviour, which
alone could make it fo real and lafting. When I fee Quarrels
and Difagreements in that State, I am concerned for the Def-
lation which the divided Houfe will certanly come into. How
moving is the Sight of an innocent Offspring in fuch a Family
of Difcord, with a Tendernefs of Nature pleading for both,
not knowing which Side to take, and ty'd up by Duty and filial
Affection, from acting againft either. What Inflruction can
Children receive in fuch Confuiion ? And how pernicious to
Pofterity fuch evil Example ? It is Matter of the greatelt Sur-

prife,

of L E T T E R S. 45 r

prife, that a Man, who aims at Character and Reputation, that
in the Bufinefs and Affairs of Life, will keen his Word to pre-
ferve his Credit, mould forfeit all Honour and Integrity at
Home, and have no regard to the folemn Engagements made to
a Wife. I mould judge in fuch a Cafe, like the well diitinguim-
ing Emperor, who would not employ nor depend upon any
Man's Oath or Fidelity to him, who had forfeited his folemn
Engagements to his God. The Good Man was the only Great
Man of that Court. It was another well judg'd Act ion of a
Prince I have read of, who took an Officer's CommifTion from
him, questioning his Courage upon an Information that he beat
his Wife. The Paw of the Lyon or Bear, which deals Slaughter
to every one elfe, is a nurfing Arm to the Female. But fuch
rough Difcipline is chiefly confin'd to the Vulgar and underbred
Part of Mankind. Porters and Carmen are chiefly diftinguiih'd
for fuch Domejiic Heroifm. The Beau Monde content them-
felves with filent Hatred and Indifference. Strangenefs and
Ceremony, feparate Beds and Apartments, kept MiftrefTes, &c.
are the genteel Exercifes of their Averfion. In fhort, no Man
can be ixjine Gentleman, who is not a Man of Honour, and no
Man can be a Man of Honour that makes a bad Hujband. The
Perfumer may perform his Part well ; the Valet may powder
and drefs him with Exadtnefs ; he may be a Judge of every
Air of Handel's, and be a Credit to his Dancing Matter in every
Minuet ; he may have an entertaining Wit, and fprightly Con-
version ; but if the Harp is always hung up at the Door, and
he carries Home none of that Pleafantry and Good-Humour,
which makes him agreeable Abroad ; whatever Talents of In-
genuity he maybe poffeifed of, however dignify 'd by Birth, or
honour'd by Station, he moves the Contempt of all wife and
good Men, and has no Claim to the good Opinion, which every
where but in his own Houfe he ftrives to eftablifh.

SIR,

H Tours, 6cc.

L 1 1 2 Ut

452 ^COLLECTION

Ut Alimenta Sam's corporibia Agricultural Jic Sanitatem
JEgris Medici na prcmittit . Ce l s u s .

SIR,

AS I have constantly one of the Weekly Bills of Mortality
left at my Houfe, it often gives me a pleafing Reflexion
upon the Goodnefs of Providence, in affording us by the Study
of Phyfic an immediate Help, in any of thofe Difeafes which fud-
denly affault us in this State of Infirmity, and without which, in
all probability, the melancholy Account thus diftributed would
be much increafed. Of all the Misfortunes incident to human
Nature, Sicknefs ftands in the foremoft Rank, by reafon where-
of the Pulfe, thofe Wheels of Life, move heavily, till the Matter
whereof we are compofed gradually fiiffens into its original Slug-
gifhnefs and Inactivity. When this Misfortune feizes us, it
puts a ftop to all our Purfuits, deprives Families of their Sup-
port and Comfort, and is a Calamity fo common and fatal, that
liad not the Science before-mentioned been brought to the Per-
fection it happily is, the mournful Sight of Widows and Or-
phans would oftner move and affect us j and this gay Landfkip
of a World be fo darkly fhaded with their fable Appearances, as
to render the Piece a mod melancholly Object.

Sir William Hemple feems to point out the national, as well
as private Benefit of Phyfic, in one of his ingenious E flays,
when he finely remarks, ' That Accidents of Health grow to
' be Accidents of State, and public Constitutions come to de-
1 pend in a great Meafurc upon thote of particular Men. Not
* only Humour and Invention, but Judgment and Refolution
' change and languifh with the ill Constitution of Body, and
c Kingdoms, and States as well as private Families may fall into
c Diftempers and WeaknefTes, by the Difeafes and Decays of
1 thofe that manage and fupportthem.' Sicknefs and Infirmity
were annex* d to Sin, and if Man had preferved his State o In-
nocence,

of L E T T E R S. 453

nocence, he had preferved his State of Health. From his Fall
this Evil arofe, and acute Pains and Difeafes then came to be
part of this Earth's galling Productions, its ^Thorns and Thi/lles.
But that we might not be remedilefs in this natural Calamity,
Mercy exerted itfelf with the Attribute of Juftice, and every
Field was made a fort of Difpenfary. TheDivinePreferver of Men
has been pleafed to infufe a healing and medicinal Virtue into
many Herbs and Plants, and to impart to his Creatures a Know-
ledge of their particular Qualities, fo as to make them become
his glorious Inftruments to help their fick and infirm Brethren,
by a diligent Inquifition and Scrutiny into the Nature and Ope-
rations, and a Skill to appropriate and accommodate them to
their proper and lingular Ufes. The Honour paid to Phyficians
is of an early Date. Give Place (fays the Son of Syrach) to the
Phyjiciari, for the Lord hath created him, i. e. qualify'd him for
this ufeful Office. The Romans dedicated a Temple to Mfcu-
lapias, and the Physician whofe Prefcriptions were thought
fubfervient to Augnjlas% Recovery, had a Statue of Brafs. In
ihort the Knowledge of Phvftc ftands very high amongfl human
Blefiings ; and not to pay a proper Deference and Regard to a
Set of Gentlemen, whofe Profefiion and Learning make them
fo ufeful, and fo ornamental to Society, would be unjuft and
undiftinguiming. I mall be grofly mifunderftood therefore, if
any thing in this Letter mould be conftrued reflective upon the
Faculty in general, upon as Polite a Body of Scholars as our
Nation can boaft of; who are fo immediately ferviceable in a
fick Chamber, and improving and entertaining in all Converfa-
tion which they compote a Part of.

But as it is a great Mark of good Senfe to be impartial, and
as no Man is fo fond of the Productions of his own Garden, as
not willingly to part with the Weeds, fo I queftion not but they
would be as ready to give up, as I am to expcfc, any ill or im-
proper Behaviour, injurious to the Faculty, and more detrimental
than may be apprehended to its Intereft.

No ProfefTion can fuffer by a juft Reflexion en an unworthy
ProfefTor, and I am inclined to think, every impartial Man will

allow

45+ ^COLLECTION

allow him worthy of Cenfure, who reflects upon that Divine
Providence, which muft co-operate with his Pre-ordination, by
whole Ill-nature an J private Advice, another Body of Scholars
and Gentlemen are unjuftly render'd odious and contemptible.

As Man is compos'd of a Body and Mind, fo the latter, like
the former, has its Maladies and Imbecilities, and fome offuch
a Nature as are not properly within the Province of the Bodily
Phyfician, and which require the Afliftance of thofe who have
directed their Studies another Way> and whofe- Fi/its, inftead of
being difpiriting and unnecejj'ary, have been proved of the
greateft Service in their Pains and Difeafes j and efpecially in
their Perturbations at the Approaches of Death.

In a Mew of that Eternity which the Sick Perfon imagines
himielf on the Brink of, there are Anxieties beyond the Power
of Phyfw to remove ; in which Cafe fome Help is unqueftion-
ably requifite. The Soul, like the Body in Anguifh, ftands in
need of Advice and AfTiftance, and there is a Gofpel as there are
Cordials difpens'd for the Service of the one as of the other. The
Clergyman therefore, whofe Education muft give him fome
Judgment in thofe Debates, and is early in his Advice to his
Friends and Parifhioners cannot be prejudicial, fince AfTiftance
in one Cafe leads to Recovery in the other.

The prudent Vifit of a Divine may in fome Terrors and
Apprehensions of Mind be ferviceable, nay inftrumental to the
better Operation of his own Medicines, and jointly tend to the
Benefit of the Patient ; why, any Phyfician then fhould repre-
fent him as unneceffary and impertinent, troubiefome and difpirit-
ing, I can only lay at the Door of Infidelity, which I fhould be
forry to think of, much more to charge that learned Body with.
If there is the leaft Ground for that proverbial Saying of, Where
there are three Phyficians there are two Atheifts, it muft have
taken rife from the loofe Principles and Converfations of fome
very Children of Paracelfus, fome weak Novices in the Science ; it
muft be underftood only offuch who are notMafiers of their Art,
who are ignorant of the Nature and Caufes of Things, from
which Dizzinefs, inftead of Clearnefs of Head, fome few may

have

^/LETTERS. 455

have fallen into the Gulph of Atheifm, and from fuch only, fuch
an unhappy few, the Clergy muft have met with the Treat-
ment I am complaining of.

From a Knowledge of Nature, we are led to a Knowledge
of God, and the more we know of Man's Frame and Consti-
tution, the more we muft be convinc'd of the Wifdom and
good Providence of his Creator. No Man has a more effectual
Antidote againft the Poifon of Infidels than a good Phyfician,
and Galen, with feveral others, have enlarged much to this
Purpofe from the Make and Parts of Man's Body, wherein
there muft be allowed the fweeteft Harmony in the feveral
Executions of their Offices, without any Intrenchment or En-
croachment upon one another, all obferving the greateft Order
and Decorum : Can his Vifit be then (hocking or improper,
who dictates a Truft and Confidence in fuch a Creator ? And
implores his Blefling on the Remedies which are given them,
without which they will be unavailing ; for tho' Medicine is
the Means ordered by Providence, tho' the falutary Herb grows
for fuch Service of Man, and we are not to neglect the ufe
thereof, yet the Blefling of God muft accompany, or a Phv-
fician's Prefcription is only a Scrap of Learning fignifying
nothing.

By a judicious Employment of his great Talent, the Phyli-
c'tan, under God, may return a Patient to his Family and Station
in Life ; and by a faithful Difcharge of the Minifters Office, he
may be rendered ftiil more ufeful in his Station ; for as if, in
the lofty Expreffion of Scripture, the Sicknefs had been unto
Death, he had been enabled and ftrengthen'd to depart in Peace ;
(o by being made fitter to die, he is rendered^/z^r to live, and is
recovered by the one to a Senfe of Religion and Virtue, as by
the other to a State of Soundnefs and Vigour. 'Tis true, thai
as there may be ignorant Phx/icians, who applv Biifters unfea-
fonably, and torment Patients when the Cafe don't require it ;
fo there may be imprudent Clergymen, there may be fome wild
Enthufiafts, Methodifts I think they are call'd, to terrify and
difpirit, to fill the Head with Nonfenfe and Abfurdity ; but will

tl '

456 ^COLLECTION

this be any Reafon to be general in the Accufation, and is the
Vifit of a prudent Minijier of no Ufe, becaufe there may be an
Abufe of his Office.

Notwithftanding the Sneers and Reflexions , the pretty
Coffee-Houfe Harangues, of thofe few who talk themfelves out
of Reputation, and the Employment of ferious Families ; there
is not a more ufeful Member of Society than a good Parijh
Minijier, and nothing more tends to the finifhing that Character
than a due Viftation of the Sick, as well in the meaneft Cot-
tage, as moil magnificent Manfion. Can he difpirit, who up-
on a Review of an ill-fpent Life points out the Means of For-
givenefs and Acceptance with God, and will endeavour to give
that Quiet to the Mind, which will raife the Spirits, and go a
great Way towards railing the Patient ? Is this at all improper ?
Or can thofe who alienate Men's Affections to the Clergy, by
thus rendering their Perfons and Functions defpicable ; can they
plead any Thing in Favour of fuch ungentleman-like, as well as
imchriftian-like Proceeding ?

It can be no View of Lntereft that leads to any Complaint of
this Treatment, fince no Fee is due, ever demandable, or taken
by Clergymen of Reputation ; nay, were they not to vifit, it
would promote their Eafe and lefTen the Duty of large Parifhes :
But I hope they will be always ready to perform, and be ac-
cepted in this important Part of their Office, nor fhould any be
denied or dirTuaded from the Comfort of Prayer, and fpiritual
Inftructions.

The Familv of a fick Man for their own Sakes are careful
that, tho' he may be difpirited, he fhould be told the Neceffity
of fettling his Temporal Affairs. The Lawyer who brings the
difcouraging Inftrumcnt of a Man's 1 aft Will and Teftament, is
readily admitted ; and why mull a Bill of Exclufion pafs only
againft a Clergyman, whole prudent Vifit may do much Good,
can do no Hurt, and vvhofe Bulinefs tends to the Settlement of
Concerns the moil material and important ? Who cannot
difpirit a lick Man, becaufe in the Courfe of his Duty he mull

acquaint

o/LETTERS. 457

acquaint him with the Power and Mercy of Him that can kill
end make him alive, that wounds and can heal.

I mail only intrude upon your Patience further, whilft I re-
mark, that as the Clergy are no Patrons of Quackery of any
Kind, and for the Good of Mankind contribute all in their
Power to the Credit of a regular Phyfician, it would be to the
general Detriment, and ungenerous and ungrateful, in any one,
to prejudice his Patients againft the Parifi Minifter. It would
fpeak, if not a thorough Infidelity, that Slight and Difregard
of religious Offices which will make him, how ingenious and
witty foever, dif-efteemed by the fober Part of the World. A
religious Man, who believes in the divine Power and Provi-
dence, will be afraid of fuch a one's Prescription, and his ill-
timed Wit and Ridicule of Things Sacred may keep him, as I
have before hinted, out of Bufmefs and Equipage.

I am,

Sir;

Tour's, &c

A Letter wrote in 1670, to a Gentleman of conjider-
able Note and Learning, running into the Folly of
that Age y called fearching after the Philofopher's
Stone.

SIR,

I Greatly honour your Defign, in applying yourfelf clofely to
Philofophy, a Science fo neceffary in Human Life, and re-
quisite to form a great Man ; but I cannot help condemning the
Opinion you have entertained, that it will enable you to find
what I cannot help laughing at the Thought of, the Philofo-
ph<r\ Stone -, how is itpoiTible that Learning, which Wifdom

M m m dictates

458 ^COLLECTION

dictates the Purfuit of, mould become the Slave of a fond I-
magination ? or how can that which hath fomething real for its
Object, follow a Shadow and be contented to feed upon Fic-
tion ? Some Enemies of Learning have fet up this Phantom,
to make Philofophy ridiculous; if it has any good Tendency,
'tis to make Avarice more ridiculous, in tempting the Ivlifer to
be a Spendthrift, and throw away his Fortune. Prodigality
and Extravagance never found out fuch a Vanity, after an Ig-
nis Faluns to fling away Money upon, and nothing but Diftrac-
tion and Amazement at our own Folly can be the Confeouence
of this fottifh Philofophy. Believe me, my dear Friend, there
is no Way to make Gold, but by preferring our Silver, and
Prudence and Oeconomy are the only true Rhihjbpher's Stones
to raife Riches. If you had not imparted to me your Scheme,
I mould not have taken the Liberty of giving you my Advice,
which is earneftly to dnTuade you from running into fuch Mad-
nefs and Folly, which muft impoverish, but cannot enrich you,
whereby you will forfeit all that Title to a Man of Senfe, which
you have fo juftly acquired, and be ranked among the Number
of thofe Fools, who throw down the Houfes which their A n-
ceftors have built for them, to build Caftles in the Air, which
will afford no Shelter, nor Security from the Inclemency of the
Weather ; which will give you the Camelion's Diet, without
its Quality to digeft or receive Nouriiliment from it. I am
afliamed to think of the Vanity and frantic Hypothefis of your
Letter of Gold being multiplied by the Virtue of Herbs, in the
Manner you propofe j and I am forry there mould be Room
for fuch Chimera's, in a Plead which I thought fo full and well
furnithed. I'J^w Sir, return to your Reafon, and build not,
like Children, Houfes of Cards and Sand, which the lean:
Breath of Reflexion and returning Senfe, muft throw down
and demolifh ; live contentedly with the Fortune God has given
you, which, if you manage prudently, will always give you a
Sufficiency, for, if lam not miffcaken, you have no expeniive
Vices that want great Supplies. If you mould continue in this
Delirium, by heating the Furnaces you talk of, you will melt

all

of L E T T E R S. 4S9

all the Gold you have, without making as much as wilt be
worth a Tingle Drachma ; if you confider what I have laid, as
you ought, you will now think me your true Friend, if not,
Poverty, and Experience of your Miftake, when it too late,
will convince you that I was fo.

1 am,

Dear Sir,

Tours, &c.

A Letter from Mifs -f f f f to Lady f + + + +.
a former Maid of Honour , on her Recovery from
the Small-Pox.

My dear Lady Charlotte,

' | ^HE Concern which your Illnefs gave me, could b'e
equalled by nothing but the prefent Contraft, my Joy at
your Recovery. I am told you are very angry at my not com-
ing to fee you; but pray, my Dear, hear the Reafon before
you condemn me. You muff know I never had the Small-
Pox, and- tho' there may be no Danger, I cannot help my
Fears ; I had once plucked up my Spirits, and lent for my
Chair ; but the Thought immediately came into my Head,
that the Hail which fell upon you, without its ufual Effects,
might revenge itfelf on me, and pepper me off for a ceremo-
nious and imprudent Civility ; and then what muff have become
of a poor Maid cj Honour, with nothing but her royal Mif-
trefs's Bounty, to get her a Hujband f

As yet my Face has no Pimples nor have I drank it into
RcdnefS) nor painted it into Wainfcot, but it retains 'the to-

M m m 2 lerable

460 ^COLLECTION

lerable Form and Features which my good Maker gave it.
If it has not Charms enough to catch a Duke or an Earl,
yet it may get a young Pair of Colours in the Guards, or throw
perhaps an old battered Colonel at my Feet : But disfigured by
that fpightful and uglyDiftemper, I muft either die a Maid, or
end my Days behind a Counter in the City, with no more
Balls, or Pleasures in my Profpect, but a Walk with my
fpruce Hufband to his Hall on a Lord Mayor's Day, to
open the Ball with fome clean fhirted Prentice, or Merchant's
Book-keeper. If this is not a fufficient Plea to excufe my not
waiting on your Ladyfhip, your good Nature, that Beauty of
your Mindy is gone, however favourable that Difeafe, which
is the common Enemy of a Complexion has been to your
Face. All her Friends trembled for Lady Charlotte but my-
felf : And now mark how I am going to prefent you with a
.fine Stroke, and a Simile. As the Sun drives back the Va-
pours of the Earth, by the Strength of its Beams ; fo your
bright Eyes have fent back the Malignity of the Small-Pox,
from your lovely Face, which Heaven would not fuffer
that Diftemper to pit and fpoil, becaufe it was unwilling one
of the fined of its Works mould fall its Victim, and ceafe
to promote its Creator's Praife and Honour. I forget, the Prin-
cefs has fent, and the Chair waits, or I could fay a thoufand
fuch Things. Lord keep every Girl of Face and Condition
from fuch a Misfortune as you have wonderfully efcaped, to
the Joy of all the pretty Fellows in Town, and the particular
P'eafure and Satisfaction of,

My dear Lady y

Tour ivhimfical Friend,

II A. B.

(/LETTERS. 461

In nova fert animus, mutatas dicere forma s.

Ovid..

Publifhed in a Weekly Paper in 1738.

SIR,

I Was the other Day at a crouded Coffee-houfe near the Royal
Exchange, when, to my great Surprife, not a Word was
fpoke of the Convention, which obtained for that Time a moil
favourable Reprieve from Cenfure and Remark j even the Pa-
pers of the Day went without their ufual Compliment of Pe-
rufal, and the Adventures of the Mafquerade, expelled every
other Topic of Converfation . The Night before it feems had
opened this Scene of Gallantry and Politenefs, and drawn
moil of the preient Company from their Shops, and their
Compting-houfes. As their Minds had been unbent to Bufinefs
fome time before, fo I found them as yet unfit for their refpec-
tive Employments, and the loofe Behaviour, which it would
have been next to virtuous to conceal, thefe Boafters of their
Shame feemed labouring for an Opportunity to difcover, info-
much, that out of Charity I could have almoft, wiflied the
Coffee- houfe a Mafquerade, and that thefe Mirrors of Folly and
Tndifcretion had ftill been incog.

In fhort, every one had fome Intrigue to brag of ; and the
the only Misfortune hinted at in this ingenious Diverfion was,
any favourable Opportunity loft of injuring fome Hujband or
Father. The charming Shcpherdefs, the pretty Quaker, the
[mart running Footman, and coy Nun, ccc. which compofed this
whimfical Group of Figures, were the Subjects of Converfa-
tion and Encomium. The Chrijlian and the Turk, the Short
Cloak, and the PopiJJj Domine, were there itcn in Coalition, and
could all play and get drunk together -, even the Merchant was
there reconciled to the Spaniards, and the Search and unlaw-
ful vifiting, which the former had fo much complained of, was

462 ^ COLLECTION

an unjuftifiable Liberty with another Man's VciTel, which now,
under this Cover, he had no Objection to.

J found from their Defcription, that the Jokes greatlv lay in
fuiting a Drefs to a Man's Perfon and Capacity. The Habit of
a fat, greajy Cook was thought extremely proper for a Man of
Bulk and Corpulency r ,and the plump Gentleman fo ingenioufly dif-
poied of was quite charming and engaging ; that of a Cbim-
ney-fweeper was efleemed very witty and humourous in a dirty
Fellow, who is naturally averfe to Cleanlinefs and Decency. A
four ill natured Man, or a growling Hujband was mightily ad-
mired in a Bear-Skin -, a rufiling Bar Gown was expremve of
Loquacity and Al/urance ; and fome Stations of Eminence were
archly, tho' faucily, reprefented in old Womem DrefTes j and
to the Man of complying Party Principles, Leading-firing*
were thought properly adapted. From this Defer iptipii of thd
mofl innocent and pleajing Part of the Diveriion, they proceed-
ed to an Account of their Amours and Ajfgnations, of the il-
legal Captures and Seizures which the Morning produced ; of
the whifpered Obfcenities, loofe Witticifms, and impure DiafecJ
of the Place ; and the w T hoie ended with a filthy Declaration^
of Intemperance and Debauchery, in a vain Boaft of thef$
young Prentices, that they had eat and drank out the Value
of their Tickets. I hadalmoft forgot to tell you, that, among
that wide Circle of Liflners to this ingenious Converfatiom
there were two fpruce Gentlemen of the Cloth, whofe Prefer-
ments were thofe upper Kind of Servants called Lords Chap-
lains, tho' they both confeffed their Promotions to be Sine
Cures ; and one of them in particular faid, there had not been
Prayers read in his Lord's Family fmce the Death of his Grand-
mother ; however, itfurnifhed them with broad Scarfs ; they ap-
peared fat with the Dainties and Luxuries of their noble Patron's
Table, and were qualified for two Livings, which they intended
to leave to the Curate they could get cheapen:, and to make
the fame SineCuresof to themfelves,as their prefent Preferment.
Thefe Gentlemen, who as Divines appeared in Mafquerade
themfelves, with a fmart French -(\r.\iped Coat, and a button 'd-

i up

of L E T T E R S. 463

up Hat, were extremely attentive to this captivating Topic ;
and upon my making my Head at fome of the Descriptions of
this high Diverfion, thev looked as if they thought me a
flupid old Put, and unfit for any genteel or polite AfFembly :
However, I could gather nothing from thefe fine Gentle-
men to alter the Opinion I had long entertained of this
expenfive Diverfion, and which I take to be corruptive to
the Morals, and hurtful to the Fortunes and Perfons of
Men ; for without gaming and intriguing, I have heard ma-
ny Lovers of Mafquerades fay it would be very infipid, af-
fording very little more Pleafure than the fkipping of Harle-
quins^ and fqueaking of Fools, with a Do you know me f which
compofes great Part of -the Wit of the Place. What a Con-
fefTion is this of the Badnefs of a Diverfion whofe Pleafure
and Entertainment are built upon two of the moft enormous
and deftruc~tive Vices of the Age. Every one put on a Difguife
to conceal himfelf and his Actions from Notice and Obferva-
tion, and which no one has Occalion for, whofe Deeds and
Words are always in Character. A Majk is put on for Liberty
to fay Things we are afhamed of without one > and the Tongue
indulges itfelf in Impurity and Indecency under this Cover and
Secretion of the Perion. To the Honour of the Fair Sex, and
particularly the Etiglijh Ladies, they have a native Modefty,
which is an additional Beauty of the Sex : And can a Parent
anfwer fending his Daughter in the Bloom of Innocence and
Virtue, where fne'will be in Danger of hearing Things to
blufh, and be confounded at ! There is fomething awful in
Virtue which keeps -Lewdnefs and Obfcenity out of a Mail:
a: a Diitance : And why mould the chafte Ear be a Moment
liable to the Offence of Ribaldry and Indecency ? We are natural-
ly averfe to Reproof, nnd hate nothing more than to hear of our
Faults, and yet croud to a Place where the Moment we are dii co-
vered, whatever our Rani; or Quality mav be, every minute
and ridiculous Action of our Lives is with great Freedom re-
lated to us by fome conceal'd and faucy Remomtrancer ; the
Liberty which we will not allow a Preacher at Church, we fuf-
fer any Fellow to take at the Mafquerade, are upbraided with

our

464 A COLLECTION

onr Miftakes and Failings, and are treated there with the
greateft Familiarity by thofe, who at another Time we mould
think much beneath our Notice and Acquaintance. Per-
ibns of high Rank and Dignity are not fecure from Abufe
and Impertinence ; and the greater a Man is difcovered to be,
the greater Whetftone he is made of faucy Wit and Raillery.

The Limits of your Paper will not fufTer me to enumerate
the many Dangers and Inconveniencies which, in my Opinion,
may arife from this Diverfion ; the many random Shots of Fol-
ly and Impertinence, which to a Man of Reafon and good
Senfe muft render it odious and difagreeable, at leaft vain and
whimfica!.

/ am. &c.

^LETTERS 395

A Letter from King Charles I. at Newcaftle.

BEING determined to give all jufl Satisfaction to the joint
*-* Deiires of both Kingdoms, we have now likewife thought
fit to affure the two chief Cities of both our Kingdoms, that no-
thing is more grievous to us than the Troubles and Diffractions
of our People; and that nothing on Earth is more defred by
us, than, that in Religion and Peace, with all the comfortable
Fruits of both, they may henceforth live under us in all Godli-
nefs and Honefty. And this Profeffion we make for no other
End, but that you may know immediately from ourfelves, our
Integrity and full Refolution to comply with our Parliaments in
every thing for fettling Truth and Peace, and our Defire to have
all Things fpeedily concluded, which mall be found requinte for
that End, that our Return to that our ancient City, may be to
the Satisfaction of our Parliament, the Good-liking of you, and
all our good People, and to our own greater Joy and Comfort,
We bid you heartily farcwel.

From Newcaftle, the
igth of May, 1646.

The Speaker s Letter of the Hcufe of Commons to the
Kings Mofl Excellent Majejiy, February the I2tb>
1641.

S I R,

T> Efides my Sorrows (which pre fled me very fore, and re-
-^ maineth frill upon me) the Troubles and Grief that fell
upon me for the lamentable breaches in Church and State, and
for your Sacred Majefty and hopeful Offspring, filled up my
'Sorrows; and in my Thoughts I was grieved, that thofe Fears
and Defolations fell out in your Days; I confefs Charity fuf-
pects not, and the beft Minds thinks the lead Hurt; and the
f r eer a Man is from Vice in himfelf, the more charitable he is
o others; and this is that which hath proved, vmerly, preju-
dice 1 to your Majefty ; but hud your Majefiy been the firit or the
bell that had been initead mifinformed or ill-rewarded, it would

D d a 2 be

396 ^COLLECTION

be an hard Thing to command Patience ; but Grief is arTwaged
either by Prefidents or Examples. It is true, of late Days, your
Majefty being mifinformed agaitiffc fome of your bed Subjects,
your Majefty thought to have dealt with them, as Jofeph thought
to have dealt with Mary, and fo put them away far from you ;
but with Mary, they travelling as it were with Child ; and that
that which they travelled withal might not appear Illegitimate,
the only wife God fent, as it were an Angel unto you, to let
you fee, that, like Mary, they being contracted unto you in Love,
they have not as yet defiled their Marriage-Bed, but remain, like
Mary, faithful to their Head and Sovereign ; and your Majefty
having been formerly feduced by falfe Opinions from others
againft them, I hope you will now be reduced unto them (and
by them) by true Perfualions 5 and that you may be fo, the
only wife God that gave your Majeity your Being, and fo knew
you better than yourfelf, hath dealt with your Majefty as he
did with Adam in Paradife, and fo hath provided you a Meet-
helper, when, with Adam, you thought no need of it, nor de-
fired it ; and your Majefty yielding, as Adam did (in fparing a fu-
perfluous Rib for to make him a Meet-helper) will become a
great Gainer ; for your Majefty mall not only lofe thofe who
may very well be fpared, but you will gain to yourfelf, and your
Pofterity, a Meet-helper, that will endeavour by all Means that
may be lawful, to eafe you of many Burthens that otherways
might have lain heavy upon you ; and this Helper is many Mem-
bers of that Body whereof your Majefty is become the Head ;
and confidering their Pains and Labour in Love, you lhould do
them Injuftice if you mould fuffer any for to accufe them. I
hope there is none (or will be none) near you (if near you, yet
dare not) fo ingrofe your Favours any more to their own Advan-
tage, whereby your good Subjects may be bereaved of thofe Be-
nefits that ought to be common to all. As for your Commons,
they go not about to fteal your Favours, but to purchafe them
legal 1 /, an.: a-.e become unto you, as Abraham * Servant was to
his Mafter, who would not either eat or drink until he 4 had done
' : Matter's Bufincfs ; and, I dare fay, if your Commons (as your
' \^ Vijnopolifts and others) had or did feek themfelvcs or their
own Advantages (more than the Good of the King and Kingdom)

they

of L E T T E R S. 397

they would have been wearied, after fo much Labour, before
now ; but methinks I hear your Commons fay, as Adam fad,
let us be but one, and that it may be fo, they are willing,
not only for a time, to be feparated from their domeftic Em-
ployments, but to forfake all, and run many Hazards, to cleave
only to your Majefty in a folemn Contract ; wherefore, to make
up the Contract, you mufr, with IJhac> part with fomething that
was formerly near unto you j and who would not fpare a Part,
to fave the reft : Being done, it will prove to your Majefty as
comfortable and welcome, as Rebecca was into lfac.es Tent.

This happy Match being made, it would not only refrefli
your People, but make glad your Heart in time of Fears and
Dangers. It is true, there are many that have brought your
Majefty into Troubles, and feared Dangers (and the more to
blame they, for leaving your Majefty, having brought you into
them). It is true, there are many, with Orpba, feeing your Trou-
bles, have left you ; but your Commons, like Ruth, are refolved
to ftick clofe unto you, and will endeavour to help you, if, with
David, you will be adviled by them (who bleiTed God for the
feafonable Counfel of a Woman, when he was upon a defperate
Defign). Judge then of their Loves and Affections to your Ma-
jefty, by yours to them, and then tell me, whether they do not
love you ; doubtlefs, yes ; accounting their Lives not dear unto
them, fo that they may but nnifh their Work with Joy, and
accomplifh their good Ends concerning you and I doubt not,
but that I fpeak it in the Name of many. And, in truth, by
your late yielding and free Expreftion, you have ftolen me from
myfelf, yea, and am now wounded within me, and, like Mcfes,
who was wounded within himielf, and could hardly endure to
look upon God when he defcended in Mercy- It is true, there
is nothing engageth a Soul to God, or a Subject to a King, as
the Appearance of Love ; this made Mofes to lay, How dreadful
is this Place, God ! and this is that which hath ftolen me from
myfelf; fo that I am no more mine own but yours : Yea, by this
Return of yours to your People, you will win them to Obedi-
ence with Kindnefs ; and by doing fo, you will make good that
which you were lent for, whofe Cares ought to be employed for
the Good of your Subjects ; knowing that their Love is your

greateft

398 ^COLLECTION

greateft Safety, and their Profperity your greateft Honour and
Felicity : And this is that which will make your Bed eafy, when
you mall poilefs the juft Title to the Crown with the Love of*
your People; and the Continuance of it with the willing Applaufe
of the Subject, is the nigheft way to a Bleffing ; and the Hopes
of this is that which hath brought me to renew and confirm the
Covenant that your Majefty made with me, from your firft
Entrance to the Crown ; and becaufe you could not fwear by no
greater, fwore by the Eternal God, that you would defend me ;
and at the firft of our Contract we made but one, your Power
and all that you had was mine, to defend me and do me good -,
but there have been fome of late that have fet your Majefty againft
me (I fpeak it in the Name of many) and have perfwaded you
to beat me, and to force me to Obedience ; though of myfelf
willing to obey, being of a Nature fooner won than compelled :
And this is that which hath fore troubled me ; yet this is not all j
but when an Oath (with an et ccetera) was put upon me, it
wounded me ; for by the Oath that I had taken already, I was
bound faft enough : But the Truth is, when thefe Things befel
me, I was afraid that fome evil-minded Men, like to Potiphers
Wife, feeing mine Innocency, and more faithful to you my
Kufband, than themfelves, had complained againft me without
Caufe : And this I could hardly bear; for by this means our great
Adverfaries, the Devil and Pope, ' laboured to low Contentions
and Jealoufies between us ; and this is that which will be a
Means to undo us both. When your Majefty (which is become
my Plead and Hufband) fpeaks kindly unto me, and is ruled
by thole that love us, my Heart is inflamed with a Love unto
yoi: ; but when your Minifters abufe your Majefty's Kindnefs,
and become Tirants to their Feilow-fervants ; yea, when they
mail go about to juftify themfelves, and lay all their Villany up-
on your Majefty j this I can hardly bear for by this means I
am deprived of my Marriage-bed, and of my wonted Society ;
and am troubled within myfelf, when I fee your Majefty (which
is become my Head and Hufband) ftrange unto me; but I hope
.-very former Breach will unite Love the ftronger. Wherefore
being now reconciled to your Commons, feaft, live, love, and
'jie together; and be more firm in your near Union, than ever

divided

of LETTERS. 3gg

divided in your hearty Unkindnefs ; fo mall you meet in the
End and never part, but be like Rachel and Leah, which two
buik up the Houfe of Ifrael. You are now in the way, and it
is faid, Gen. xxiv. 27. That whilft the Servant of Abraham was
in the way, God blejfed him ; the fame God blefs you -, and for
your Comfort and Encouragement know, by fo much mall you
grow to Perfection, by how much you draw near to Unity. I
confefs, had the Ba/aacs and Balaams of our Times been fo evil
as they would have been, the World had been over-run with Evil;
but fuch is the Wifdom of God, that oft-times he hides from evil
Men thofe Times and Seafons that might prove prejudicial to his
People : So it was when Saul fought for David. It is true, the
good God might have deftroyed the Balaams and wicked Sauls
of our Times, but many times he will not, for God hath fome-
thing more for them to do - y and it is not fo much Glory to God
to take away wicked Men, as to ufe their Evil to his own holy
Purpofes ; and gaineth many times. more Glory by working Good
by evil Inftruments, than by deitroying of them prefently in
their wicked Purpofes j for it is a true Maxim, that it fufficeth
a good Man, that he refifteth the evil Actions of the Wicked,,
whilft they love their Perfons. I confefs, our Balaams and our
Sauls had gone very far, but in fome Things God permits in In-
dignation, not for that he gives leave to the Act, but that he
gives a Man over to the Sin in the Act:, and yet this Sufferance
employs not Favour but Judgment, and God is contented the
Devil lhould win himfelf credit (fometimes) where he means to
judge ; I confefs our Sauls and our Balaams, like Cifera, trufted
in their Strength, but like Cijera, many of them run away ;
yet, in fpight of them all, the Lord hath made a feafonable
and hopeful Provifion for his People. It is too true, by the
means of our Sauls, your Majefty became to your People and
Commons, as the Angel was unto Gideon, and fo made them
afraid ; but like the Angel that made Gideon afraid, your Ma-
jefty hath returned to their Comfort ; and as God, where he
loves, he employs ; you are now willing to enjoy them
by a willing Contract:, and not by Ravifhment; and by this
means you appear now unto your People like Mcfes, who had
more Glory by his Veil than by his Face : And I do not

doubt.

4 oo ^ COLLECTION

doubt, when all Things {hall be made manifeft, but that one
faithful David will be in more account with your Majefty, than
either the Sauls or Balaams whatfoever. It is true, by the means
of our Sauls, the Crown is become full of Cares, and your Ma-
jefty having almoft been wearied by them, would fain now take
fome Reft ; and that your Majefly may reft, I will, with Jacob,
give God no Reft until he have blefled you ; wherefore, being
now reconciled unto your Commons, you will become as fweet
and pleafant to the Church and the three Kingdoms, as the Tree
that God mewed to Mofes, which when he caft into the Waters,
the Waters were made fweet (which formerly were bitter). I
know that Thankfulnefs and Love can do more with good Men
than Merit or Neceffity ; and methinks I fee you like our Sa-
viour, who thirfted after the Salvation of Mankind - y and I be-
lieve it was not fo much out of Drynefs as out of Love ; o-
vou and do fo likewife, knowing that modeft Beginnings and
hopeful Proceedings makes happy Endings ; and for your Com-
fort know, that God, whofe Battles you fight, will provide a due
Reward : And fo I commend the Saying of Solomon unto you,
Ecclef. ix. 10. Whatfoever thy Hand findeth to do, do it with thy
Might, for there is no Work, nor Device, nor Knowledge, nor Wif-
dom, in the Grave whither thou goejl.

To his much ejleemed Friend and Kinfman Sir H. W.
at his Houje in Weflminfter.

S I R,

Til E Indifpofition of my Body hath confined me to my
Chamber, we muft now therefore difcourfe by Letters :
Your Petition for Peace I fee is not fo happy as to find Succefs
in Parliament, at which while I wondred, I began to confider
the Reafons, winch are diverfe as the Perfons oppoling it ; there-
fore you muft firft obferve the Oppofers, and then the Reafons
will be evident. It is not fit the Houfes of Parliament fhould
denv the obedient Citizens of London anything, for that may

of LETTERS. 4 or

be diftafteful to the City ; nor yet grant the Requeil of the
Petition, for that may be deftructive to the Profit of many Mem-
bers of both Houfes, and to fome even of the City itfelf. It was
therefore wifely done of my abortive Lord Mayor and his zea-
lous Sectaries, to attempt the ftrangling of it in the Birth, bv
committing fome that were active about it ; their Reafons are
Reformation of Religion, that is, abolishing the Bock of Com-
mon-Prayer as Popiih, though juftified by the Compcfers Martyr-
dom under the Popifh Tyranny ; but that will make way for their
new Doctrines and extemporary Babiings ; next, the diffolving of
Biihopricks and Deanries, will repay the Money lent upon pub-
lic Faith, for advancing the Lord's War, (for fo they mifcal
Treafon) and conclude, that being the Lord's Debt, it isfittefr. to
be paid out of the Lord's Inheritance-, then Bifhops being eradicated
Elders may grow up and fiouriih as in Suf annas Days. And it
is considerable, that the Eftates of Malignants will be juft Re-
wards for the godly Labourers in this Harvefl j all which will be
loit by a beggarly Accommodation.

Touching the Houfes of Parliament, which confifts of about
140 Lords, and 500 Commoners, of which not a fifth Part do
attend in their feveral Houfes, fome being voted out, others
committed for not conforming their Confciencies to the Senfe of
the Houfe ; and very many, difliking the Proceedings and Tu-
mults, left the Houfe, and repaired to the King ; with whom a
greater Part, I am fure is, than attend both Houfes, being
come to preferve their Oaths of Allegiance, which is Perfonal to
the King.

Take, Sir, but a View of fuch as fit and acr the Bufinefs in
the Houfes of Parliament, obferve who among them have Com-
mands and Places of Profit in and about this War ; then examine
their imall Eftate, with their great Debt and Charge ; the rich
Profit of their Command, with their poor Revenue. The Lords
Mailings, Rochford, Wharton, Sir John Mandevill, Fee/ding, Gray
of Grooh, Sir Hugh Chamley, Sir Samuel Lake, Sir John Mertcke,
Matter Nathaniel Fines, Mr! Marting, Mr. Wingate, Mr. Walton,
Mr. Cromwell, Colonel Venne, Mr. John More, and others, art
Men whofe Credit (as appears by Seriveners Books) is as great
as their Eflates, not invited to Commands by die Profit of the

E e e Places

4 o2 ^COLLECTION

Places, but bv their confcientious Zeal to the Caufe j others of
the Houfes (led any Water mould run befide their Mill) prefer
their Sons, Brothers, and near Friends, to Places and Employ-
ments of Prorit about this War, as Mr. Pym his Son Alexander ;
Sir II. Mildemay his Brother Anthony^ my Lord Sy his Son
John, and Others other Friends ; while ibme Men of the Houle
have confeiTed, that the Pav made them undertake the Caufe,
and which of all thefe, lave Sir Job. Merric, knows ought of his
Place but the Profit ; nay, many of them, for the better Service,
fight by their Lieutenants, as they pay Debts by their Surities ;
and how many of them, fave two or three which were taken
Prisoners, received a Wound, or ftruck one Blow, in the late
Battels of Edge-hill and Braincejbrd ; what Hopes then, that thefe
Men will give their Votes, and 12 or 1500/. per Ann. for a bar-
ren Peace ? Will my Lord Mayor fubferibe a Petition that mall
takeaway his Toll, 12 d. for PaiTes out of London ? or Colonel
Marmering, the crafed Mercer ; Captain Bajfe, the Lace-man ;
Captain Mafon, the Button-maker ; Captain JVitberly, the Pewter-
er ; Captain Capcote, the Broker ; Captain Lee, the Vintner ;
with the Conyfkin Captain in Soutkiaark ; and divers other Debt-
compounding Citizens, their Pay and Protections againft. Creditors,
and leave themfelves nought but a Goal to live in ? What can
von hope for by your Petition, that thefe Men, and the like, can
hinder r

Now furvey, what they impudently call the popiih and beggarly
Lords and Cavaliers for and about the King, as the Duke of Rich-
mond, the Marquis Hartford, EarK of Cumberland, Darby, Lind[ey y
Bath, Dorfet, B'ridgewater, Danby, Leicejter, De-vonjhire, North-
ampton, Chejlerjield, Brijlol, Wejlmorland, Bark/hire, Ncwcajlle, Car-
narvon, King jion, and \fhanet ; the Lords Mowbray, Mount ague of
Bang/: ten, 1) nine court, Shandoys, Spencer, Gray, Mohume, Dnnf-
more, Newarke, Seymore, Cape/7, and others : Then of the Houle
of Commons, Sir Chrijlop. Hattou, Sir Jarvas Clifton, Sir Guy
Palmes, Sir. James T'hinn, Mr. John Coventry, Mr. Henry and
Mr. John Bella fey, Sir P'ho. Fanjhaii', Sir Richard Lew/on, Sir
Pho. Danby, Sir Job. Packington, Sir Ric. Lee, Sir Charles le Grofe,
Matt. Cat line, Mail. PLolborne, Mr. Bridgman, Mr. Chadivell, Sir
John Stra?/g r ii'avs and his Son, Mr. John Digby, Sir Ediv. Deri?ig 1

Sir

of L E T T E R S 4 c 3

Sir Will. Widdrington, Mr. Venables, Baron of Kinnerto?i, Mr. Rogers,
Mr. Newport, Sir J3</w. ^0W, Mr. Whit more, Mr. Chitchly,
Mr. Edgcombe, Sir jfc/j/; Stowell, Mr. GVoo, Mr. Nowell, Mr.
Sutton, Sir #7//. Oagle, Sir #7//. Ptf<?/<?, and one hundred more
than my Paper will hold, Men of Understanding and known
Integrity ; and which of all thefe, whole Age and Health would
permit, adventured not their Lives and Eftat.es in this War with
the King ? Now let us examine their Religion, and you fhall
find them daily at Sermons and Sendee with the King, hearing
and practising the fame Protcftant Religion and Liturgy, that
laved our Fathers, and hath been in our Church ever lince the
Reformation, and which we have vowed by the late Protestation
to maintain j then (no doubt) neither the King nor they are
likely to bring in Popery, nor be Separatists.

That they are Men of Eftates, the Countries that ele&ed them
(if not the Kingdom) knows, and which of them hath any Pro-
fit by the War ? Which of them goes not himfelf and Servants
to the War at his own Charge ? Nav, which of them hath not
otherwife, in a large manner, contributed to the Maintenance of
the King's Army, and that without any Commands of an Ordi-
nance ; yea, even againft the Declaration of the Houfes : What
would they and others then have done, had an Order of the
Houfes directed it as on the other fide ? By this then you fee
they are neither popifhly nor beggarly; nor can have any Re-
ward or Hopes of Repair out of the Eftates of the advene Party.

But they would induce arbitrary Government : I pray what
Proof is there of that ? What one Acl hath the King done lince
the Commence of the Parliament that favours of arbitrary Juftice r
Whom hath he diftrained, committed, or turned out of Town
for not lending ? Nay, what hath he not done to allure us die
contrary ? Read his Declarations, obferve his regal Promifes and
Proteitations, and then tell me, what Chriftian (that hath Charity)
or what Man (that would be believed) will not believe him ?
Hath he not regulated the Council-table? damned the Ship-
writs ? lupprefled the High-commiffion and Martial-court ? Nay,
hatn he not left all things to be tried by ftrict Proceedings of
Law ?

E e e ?, Whom

4 o4 ^COLLECTION

Whom can arbitrary Juftice more prejudice, than thole now
about ancl v/ith the King ? The rich and wealthy Men ? Surely
then they will not be a means to induce that Law that Oval!
undo and enflave them, their Children, Families and Eftates.
Yet mull we lend Money, fend Horfes, and raiie Arms againil
theie popiili and beggarly Cavaliers. For it is not againft the
King:, that were Treafon, and Breach of our late Proteitation,
which is to defend his Majefly ; yet was the King's Perfon in
Danger at Edge-hill Battle, when the undiftinguiihing Shot took
fome Perfons even about the King ; but Cod did then, and I
hope always will cover his Head in the Day of Battle.

Upon thefe Confederations, Sir, I cannot believe or fear the
Reducement of Popery or arbitrary Juftice ; nor think my Con-
ference, Perfon, or Eftate, tied by the neceflitous Ordinance of
both Houfes (for want of an Act of Parliament) to pay or let
the Twentieth Part of my Eftate (which you know may come
to three or four hundred Pounds) be taken to fupport a War,
wherein the Perfon of the King (which God forbid) may be
hurt.

I am fure that while God promifed the Scepter to Judah, he
put the Law- giver between his Feet, to let us know, that the
legislative Power is neither above nor without the King ; and I
know the King, by his Writs, doth call them to advife with
him, not to refoive without him j I will therefore keep my Hands
from giving, and fo preferve my Confcience ; I will fait, bolt
my Doors, and fo preferve my Perion and Eftate, until a ftronger
than I come j for I had rather others committed Trefpafs in tak-
ii :;.:, than I Treafon in giving : And I am fure that both Armies
arc not on the right iidej but one, with all their voluntary
Mair. Miners and Abettors, muff, without God's infinite Mercy,
be ; '-'ity of the Blood of all the Men flain on either fide. I
L .aii therefore, for my particular, believe and follow the Rule
of the Apoftle, to obey the King> for he is jet over us by God j
ather than run with the new Opinions and contrary Doctrine of
our militant Evangelifts, Dr. Burges, Dr. Downing, Mr. Marjhall,
and Sedgwicke, whofe Confciences flart out of the way at a white
Surplice, but never boggle at Garments rolled in Blood. There

are

vf L E T T E R S 405

mc other Things confiderable with us Citizens alfo, as the Re-
turn of Sir Faithful Fortefcue, Lieutenant-Colonel Wagftaff'e, and
my Lord E/fex's Favourite, Captain Scrimjhaw, unto the King j
next, the Danger and Jealoufy we are in, that even fome of the
Great Ones will follow (for thefe are but Harbengers) and ra-
ther than come empty-handed to the King, will make us their
Peace-offering.

Let us confider the Event of War, wherein we can yet boaft.
nothing but our Succefs at Winchefter. But had we had the Day
at Edge-hill, and totally routed the Cavaliers, would that have
determined the War ? I fear, rather have called in all the
Monarchs in Chriflendom to maintain Monarchy j and then
were we engaged, like the Low Countries, in perpetual Blood.
How great then is our Streight, for if we fucceed, we undo our-
feives j if the King, by Victory (or Treachery of our Comman-
ders) the Labour is faved us then, for having refufed his Mercy,
we muft. expect his Juftice.

I have now, Sir, unbofomed myfclf to you my Friend, let
therefore my Errors find a friendly Reproof, rectifying my Mil-
takes by your Advice, which I fhall take as Commands, return
you the thankful Acknowledgment of

Read and burn, Tour Friend and JGnfman,

Milkjlreet, London, X. R*

28 Decemb. 1642.

A re-

4 o6 ^COLLECTION

A remarkable Letter from O. Cromwell to the Go-
vernor of Edinburgh Caflle.

SIR,

BEcaufe I am at fome reafonable good Leifure, I cannot let
fuch a grofs Miftake and inconfequential Reafonings pafs,
without fome Notice taken of them : And firit, their Ingenuity
in relation to the Covenant, for which they commend themfelves,
doth no more juftify their want of Ingenuity, in anfwer to Co-
lonel JValleys chriftian Offer, concerning which my Letter char-
ged them with Guiltinefs, Deficiency ; than their bearing witnefs
to themfelves, of their adhering to their firft Principles and In-
genuity in profccuting the Ends of the Covenant, justifies them
fo to have done, merely becaufe they fay fo : They muff give
more Leave henceforwards, for Chrift will have it fo, will they
* nill they, and they mufr. have Patience to have the Truth of their
Doctrines and Sayings tried by the fure Touch-ftone of the Word
of God ; and if there be a Liberty and Duty of Trial, there is a
Liberty of Judgment alfo, for them that may and ought to try ;
which, if fo, they mufr. give others leave to fay and think, that
they can appeal to equal Judges, who have been the trued Ful-
tillers of the moil real and equitable Ends of the Covenant : But
if thefe Gentlemen which do affume to themfelves to be the in-
fallible Expofitors of the Covenant, as they do too much to their
Auditories of the Scriptures, counting a different Senfe and Judg-
ment from theirs, Breach of Covenant and Herefy, no marvel
they judge of others fo authoritatively and feverely ; but we have
not fo learned ChriiL We look at Minifters as Helpers of,
not Lords over the Faith of God's People : I appeal to their
Confciences, whether any trying their Doctrines and diffenting,
ihall not incur the Cenfure of Sectary ? and what is this but to
deny Christians their Liberty, and affume the infallible Chair ?
What doth he whom we would not be likened unto do more
than this ? In the fecond place it is affirmed, that the Miniflers
of the Gofpel have been imprifoned, deprived of their Benefices,
ilqueftred, forced to fly from their Dwellings, and bitterly threat-

ncd
% Sic Oiie.

of L E T T E R S 407

ncd for their faithful declaring the Will of God, &c. and that
they have been limited that they might not fpeak againft the
Sins and Enormities of the evil Powers : That to impofe the
Name of Railing, upon fuch faithful Freedom, was the old Pra-
ctice of the Malignants againft the Preachers of the Gofpel, &c\

If the Civil Authority of that Part of it which continued
faithful to their Truft, true to the Ends of the Covenant, did,
in anfwer to their Confciences, turn out a Tyrant in a way which
the Chriftians in After-times will mention with Honour, and all
Tyrants in the World look at with Fear ; and many thoufand^
of Saints in England reioice to think of it, and have received
from the Fland of God, a Liberty from the Fear of like Uiur-
pation ; and have caft off him who trod in his Father's Steps,
doing mifchief as fir as he was able, whom you have received
tike Fire into your Bofoms, of which God will, I truft, in time
make you fenfible. If Minifters, railing at the Civil Power, call-
ing them Murtherers, and the like, for doing this, have been
dealt with as you mention ; will this be found a perfonal Perfe-
ction ? or is Sin fo, becauie they fay fo ? They that acted this
great Bulinefs, having given a Reafon of their Faith in this Action,
and fome here are ready further to do it againft all Gainfayers.
But it will be found, that thefe Reprovers do not only make
themfelves the judges and Determiners of Sin, that fo they may
reprove ; but they alfo took liberty to ftir up the People to Blood
and Arms, and would have brought a War upon England, as
hath been upon Scotland, had not God prevented it. And if fuch
Severity as hath been cxprefTed toward them be worthy the
Name of perfonal Perfection, let all uninterefted Men judge,
whether the calling of this Practice Railing, be to be paralleled
with the Malignants Imputation upon the Minifters, for fpeaking
againft the popifh Innovations in the Prelates Times, and the ty-
rannical and wicked Practice then on foot, let your own Con-
fciences mind you. The Roman Emperors in Chrift's and his
Apoftles Times were Ulurpers and Intruders upon the Jewiih
State : vet what Footftep have ye, either of our bleited Saviour's
fo much as Willingnels to the dividing of an Inheritance, or their
medling in that kind ; this was not practifed by the Church tince
our Saviour's Time 'til Antichrift aftuming the infallible Chair,

and

4 o8 ^COLLECTION

and all that he called the Church to be under him, practifed this
authoritatively over civil Governors.

The way to fulfil your Miniftry with Joy, is to preach the
Gofpel, which I wifh fome who take Pleafure in Reproof at ad-
venture, do not forget too much to do.

Thirdly, You fay, you have juft Caufe to regret, that Men of
civil Employments mould ufurp the Calling and Employment of
the Miniftry, to the Scandal of the reformed Kirks, Gfc.

Are you troubled that Chrift is preached ? Is Preaching fo in-
clusive in your Function ? Doth it fcandalize the reformed Kirks,
and Scotland in particular ? Is it againlt the Covenant ? Away
with the Covenant if this be fo, I thought the Covenant and thefe
could have been willing that any mould fpeak good of the Name
of Chrift; if not, it is no Covenant of God's approving, nor the
Kirks you mention, in fo much the Spoufe of Chrift. Where
do you find in the Scripture a Ground to warrant fuch an AfTer-
tion, That preaching is included in vour Function ? though an
Approbation from Men hath Order in it, and may do well, yet
he that hath not abetter Warrant than that, hath none at all. I
hope he that attended up on high, may give his Gifts to whom
he pleafe ; and if thole Gifts be the Seal of Million, be not en-
vious though Elded and Mcdad prophefy : You know who bids
us covet earneftly the beft Gifts, but chiefly that we may pro-
phefy, which the Apoitle explains there to be a Speaking to
Inftruction, and Edification, and Comfort, which the Inftructed,
Edified, and Comforted can belt tell the Energy and Effect of;
if fuch Evidence be, I fay again, take heed you envy not for
your own fake, left you be guilty of a greater Fault than Mofes
reproved in yoJJ:ua y for envying for his fake j indeed, you err
through the Miftake of the Scriptures : Approbation is an Act of
Conveniency in refpect of Order, not of Neceffity, to give Faculty
to preach the Gofpel. Your pretended Fear left Error mould ftep
in, is like the Man that would keep all the Wine out of the
Country, left Men fhould be drunk. It would be found an un-
"juft and unwife Jealoufy, to deny a Man the Liberty he hath bv
Nature, upon a Suppofition he may abufe it ; when he doth abufe
it judge. If a Man fpeak foolifhly, ye fuffer him gladly becaufc
ye are wife, if errcnioufiy, the Truth more appears by your Con-
viction -.

of LETTERS 409

virion j flop fueh a Man's Mouth with found Words that can-
not be gainfaid, if hlafphemouflv, or to the Difturbance of the
public Peace, let the civil Magistrate punifh him ; if truly, re-
joice in the Truth ; and if you will call our Speaking together
fmce we came into Scotland, to provoke one another to Love
and to good Works, to Faith in our Lord Jefus Chrift, and Re-
pentance from dead Works, to Charity and Love towards you,
to pray and mourn for you, and for the bitter Returns to, and
Incrudulity of our Profeflions of Love to you, to do you all the
Good we can (of the Truth of which we have made our folemn
and humble Appeals to the Lord our God, which he hath heard
and born witnefs to) If, I fay, thefe Things be fcandalous to the
Kirk, and againfl the Covenant, becaufe done by Men of civil
Callings, we rejoice in them, notwithstanding what you fay.

For a Conclusion in anfwer to the Witnefs of God upon our
folemn Appeal : You fay, you have not fo learned Chrift to hang
the Equity of your Caufe upen Events. We could wifh Blind-
nefs hath not been upon your Eyes to all thofe marvellous Dif-
penfations which God hath wrought lately in England. But did
not you folemnly appeal and pray ? Did not we do fo too ? and
ought not you and we to think with Fear and Trembling of the
Hand of the great God in this mighty and flrange Appearance of
his ? but can ilightly call it an Event : Were not both yours and
our Expectations renewed from Time to Time, whilft we waited
on God to fee which Way he would manifeft himfelf upon our
Appeals ? And mall we, after all thefe our Prayers, Fadings,
Tears, Expectations, and folemn Appeals, call thefe bare Events ?
The Lord pity you, furely we fear, becaiiTe it hath been a mer-
ciful and gracious Deliverance to us : I befeech you in the
Bowels of Chrift, fearch after th*Mind of the Lord in it tow.irds
yen, and we Shall help you by our Prayers, that you may find
it out ; (for yet, if we know our Hearts at all) our Bowels do in
Chrift Jefus earn after the Godly in Scotland : We know there
are Stumbling-blocks which hinder you : The perfonal Preju-
dices you have taken up againfl: us, and our Ways, wherein we
cannot but think fome Occafions has been given, and for which
we mourn : The Appreheniion you have, that we have hindred
the gloroius Reformation you think you were upon : I am per-

F f f fuaded

4 io ^COLLECTION

fuaded thefe, and fuch like bind you up from an Undemanding
and Yielding to the Mind of God > in this great Day of his Power
and V ilitation ; and, if I be rightly informed, the late Blow you
received is attributed to prophane Counfels and Condutit, and
Mixtures in your Army, and fuch like -, the natural Man will not
find out the Caufe j look up to the Lord, that he may tell it you :
Which that he would do, mall be the fervent Prayers of

EJinhurgb, Sept.
12, 1650.

Tour loving Friend,

and Servant,

O. Cromwel.

^/LETTERS. 465

A Letter from Sir R. C. to Sir Edward Montague,
Anno 162 1. on the anticnt Power of the
Commons of England.

SIR,

p-ive you as fhort an Account of your defires as lean,

1 crave Leave to lay before you, as a good Foundation,
the Frame or firft Model of this Eflate. When after

the Period of the Saxon-Lyne, Harold had lifted himfelf into the
Royal Seat, the great Men, to whom lately be was no more but
equall, either in Fortune or Power, difdayninge this act of Arro-
eancv, called in William then Duke of Normandy, a Prince more
Active then any in thofe Weftern Parts, and renowned for many
Victorys he had fortunately atchieved againfl the French Kinge,
then the mod potent Kinge in Europe.

This Duke ledd alonge with him to this Worke of Glory, many
of the Younger Sonnes of the bell: Familys of Normandv, Picard\\
and Flanders, who as undertakers, accompany the Undertakinge
of this fortunate Man.

The Ufurper Slayne, and the Crown by Warr ganed, to fecure
certain to his Poflerity, what he had fo fuddenly gotten, he fliared
out his Purchafe, retaininge in each County a Portion to main-
taine the Dignity for ever, which was (tilcdDominiaRegm, now the
auntient Demefnes, and Affigning to ethers his adventurers, fuch
Portions sis fuited their Quality and Expence, retayninge to him-

N n n 2 felfe

466 ^ COLLECTION

felfe dependency of their Perfonal fervice, except fuch Lands, as
in free Almes were the Portion of the Church ; thefe were filled
Barones Regis, the Kings immediate Freeholders, for the word
Baron importeth them no more.

As the Kinge to thefe, fo thefe to their Fellows, fubdivided
part of their Shares, into Knights fees, and their Tennants were
called Barones Comitis, or the like, for we iinde the Kings write
in their Writs Barronibus fuis Francis et Anglis, the Soveraignes
gifts extending for the mod part, to entyre Countyes or Hundreds,
an Earl beinge Lord of one, and Baron of the inferiour Donations
of Townfhips or Mannors.

As thus the Land, fo was all courfe of Judicature decided even
from the the meaneft to the higheft Portion, each feveral had his
Court of Law, prefervinge ftill the nameing of our Aunceftors
the Saxons, who Jura per pagos reddebant, and thefe are termed
Court Barons, or the Freeholders Court, ten ufually in number,
who with the Thayne or Chief Lord were Judges.

The Hundred was next, where the Hundrerianus, or Arbitt-
manus, Lord of the Hundred with the Chief Lord of each
Townfhippe within their limit, judged Gods people, obferved the
Form in the Publicke Centuriones Et decani judicabant plebem
cmni tempore.

The Countie, or Ge?icrale Placitum was the next, this was fet to
fupply the Defect, and remedie the Corruption of their Inferiour
Vbi curia Inferiorum probantur defecijje, pertinent ad Vicefcamitem
provinciarum, the Judges here were Comes, Vicecomites, &
Barones Comitates qui liberas in eo terras habeant,

The

cf LETTERS. 467

The laft and fupreme and propper to our question, vras Generate
Placitum apud London univerfalis Synodus in the Charters of the
Conquerour, capitalis curiahy Glanvill, magnum & commune Rege,
magnatibus fuis in the Rolls of Hen. 3. It was not ftatiue but
fummoned by Proclamation Edicitur General* Placitum apud Lon-
don, faith the book of Abbyngdon whither Epifcopi, Duces, Prin-
ciples , Satrapcz, Restores, & Conjiliarij, ex omni parte confiuxerunt
ad ijlam curiam, faith Glanvill, caufes were referred propter aliquant
dubitationem, quc-e emergit in comitatu, et comitatus nefcit judicare.

Thus did Ethel-wold Bp. of Winchejler transfer his fuite againft
Leoftine from the Countie ad Generate Placitum; in the time of
Kinge Etheldred Queen Edgin againfl Goda from the Countie
appealed to Kinge Eldred at Loudon, congregates Principibus, &
fapientibus Anzlice.

A fuite between the Bp. of Winchejler and Durham in the time
of Sainte Edward, coram Epifcopis et Principibus regni inprefentia
regis vent Hat a et finita.

In the tenth Year of the Conqueror Epifcopi, Comites, & Barones,
regia potejlate, & wikrtfs pro-vincijs, ad unherfalcm fynodum pro-
caujis audkndis, & tr act audi s convocat ; faith the Booke of Wejl-
minjler and this continued alonge in the fucceedinge Kinp-s, untill
towards the end of Hex. 3. As the greate Court or Councell,
confiftinge of the Kinge and Barons, ruled the greate Affairs of
State and controuled all inferiour Court?, fo were there certain
Officers whole tranfeendant Power, feemed to be fett to bound the
Execution of the Princes will as the Steward, Cdnjlable, and Mar-
JI:all, fixed upon Families in Fee for many Ages,

N n n 3 They

468 ^ COLLECTION

They as Tribunes of the People, or Ephori amonge the Athe-
nians * growne by an unmanly Carriage fearful to Monarchye fell at
the Feet and mercy of the Kinge when the daringe Earl of Lei-
cejler, Mountford, was Slayne at Evejham.

This chance, and the Deare experience Hen. 3. had made him-
felfe, at the Parliament of Oxford, in the 40th Yeare of his Reign,
and the Memory of many ftreights his Father was driven to efpe-
cially at Rumney Meade, brought this Kinge wifely to begin, what
his fucceflbur fortunately finifhed, in comrnandinge the Services of
Knights, Cittizens, and Burge/fes, to the greate councell.

Now began the frequent fendinge of Writts to the Commons,
their affent not only ufed in many Charges, and makinge Laws j
for before all ordinances palled by the Kinge, and Peers confent
and judgment of all natures whether Civill or Criminall.

In proof whereof I will produce fome fucceedinge Preiidents
out of Records.

When Addamar that proud Prelate of Winchejler, the Kings
halfe Brother had grieved the State with his daringe power, he
was exiled by joint Sentence of the Kinge, the Lords, and
Commons, and this appeareth expreflly by the letter fent to Pope
Alexander the 4th expoftulatinge a revocation of him from Ban-
ifhment becaufe he was a fubject, and fo not fubjecl to a lay
cenfure.

In this the anfwer is, Ji Dominus Rex, ? regni majores hoc vellent
(meaning the revocation) communitas tamen iff us ingrejfum in
Angliam nullatenus fuft'merat.

The

of L E T T E R S. 469

The Peers fubfigne this anfwer with their Names, and Pctrus
de Mountford vice totius coj??itatus, as Speaker or ProBor of the
Commons, for by that ftile Sr. John Tiploft proloqutor firmeth
under his Armes, the deed of entayle of the Crown by Hen. 4th.
in the 8th Yeare of his Raigne for all the Commons.

The Banifhment of the two Spencers, in the 1 5th Year of E,
3d. Pra?lati, Comites, ? Bar ones de la terre, & Communes de Roi-
alme, give confent, and Sentence to the Revocation and Reverfment
of the former Sentence, the Lords and Commons accord and fo it
is exprefted in the Roll.

In the Fourth of E. 3d. it appeareth by a letter to the Pope,
that to the Sentence given againft tne Earl of Kent, the Commons
were parties as well as the Peers for the Kinge directed their pro-
ceedings in thefe words. Comitibus, Baronibus, Magnatibus, et
alijs de comitatu dicli regni ad Parliamentum illud congregates in-
junximus, ut fuper his difecrnerunt, et judicarent quod rationi et
juftitia corrcenirct, habere pro oculis folum deum qui cum con cor di
& unanimi fententia tanquam reum criminis l&fce maje/latis morti
adjudicareut ejus fententia.

When in the 50th Year of E. 3d. the Lords had pronounced
the Sentence againft Richard Lyons other wife then the Commons
agreed they appealed t the Kinge and had redreiTe, and the Sen-
tence cnter'd to their defires.

When in the ift Yeare of R. 2d. William IVejlon, and John
'Jennings, were Arraigned in Parliament for furrenderinge certaine
Forrefts of the King's, the Commons were parties to the Sentence
againft him given as appeareth by a Memorandum annexed to the
Record,

47 ^COLLECTION

In the Firft of Hen, 4th. allthough the Commons referr by a
Proteflation the Pronouncinge of the Sentence, againft Kinge R.
2d. to the Lords, yett are they equally interefted in it, as appear-
cth by the Record, for there are made Proclors or Commifihioners
for the whole Parliament, one Bp. one Early one Abbott, one
Baron, and two Knights, Gray and Erpingham for the Commons.
In the Seconde Yeare of Hen. 5th, the Petition of the Commons
importeth no leffe than a right they had to ad, and affent to all
things in Parliament, and fo it is anfwered by the Kinge.

Thus there have been frequent examples, to cleere this doubt,
and preferve a juft intereft in the Common- wealth, and conveni-
ently it fuiteth with Monarchies to maintain this forme, leaft the o-
ther part of the Welfavoured body, knitt together under one head,
mould fwefl too greate, and grow monftrous under the Weight of
an Ariftocracy, as it once did, under a Democracy, which it
never yett either felt or feared.

FINIS.

nsf?

The

of LETTERS. 47 i

.<T'

The following extraordinary Relation is taken from
a very Old Ml S. in Mr. Granger s Collection.

THERE is now in Germany near Helmftadt, an old
Prophet lineally decended from Anceftors who lived
in the World in Adam's Time, fome of them faved
in the Ark with NGab though not particularly mention'd by
Mofes; one of them near Christ when he was crucify 'd. This
Prophet is of a goodly prefence, having fparkling Eyes and a
red Beard that never was cut. For his habit it is ftill the fame,
The garment he weares fcarce comming down to his legs before,
though behind it is much longer. He feems very unwilling
that People mould handle it; yet as fhy as he is, diverfe ju-
dicious Perfon have preft upon him and done it. The nar-
rower!: obferver can find no feam in it, nor pronounce it to
be of Woollen, Linnin, Silk Twin: or Hair. They are fure
it is nether Knit or W r oven, and Judge it too curious to be
made by mortall hand. He walks with neither Staff nor fword,
but has fuch a Weapon as no Man we knows or read of ever
ufed to offend his Foes with. And though he know well how
to manage it, and is beudes of an undaunted Courage, yet he
nuts up many injuries from Men nor feeming to regard them.
To Reproches and ill Language he anfwers not a word. He
prophecies every Day, and when he begins, the Doors and
Windows near the place, are generally open'd at his Voice.
What he foretells, ftill proves true ; which gains him much
credit amongft his Auditors. He takes little reft and is admir'd
for his Watchfulnei'se ; when he does Sleep, it is not in any Bed,
nor Chair, nor with his Cloaths off ( as ever any could observe)
He upbraids Men for their Sloth and warns them to repent. For
his Religion he declares it not exprefly. Fie feems not to own
the Pope, nor takes any Notice of the Hoft as it paffes by. He

makes

472 ^ COLLECTION

makes no diltinction of Days, nor Places. Ufes no Ceremonies
neither Religious nor Civill. Salutes no Man, nor yet is any ref-
pecter of Perfons, High and low, Rich and poor are all alike to
him. He carries about him neither Purfe nor Scrip, nor Pocket,
nor has he two Coats, nor any Shooes, but goes barefoot, and
bareleg'd both Summer and Winter. He drinks no Wine nor Strong
drink, but confines himfelfto Water and retrains wholly from
Flem j Yet is obferved to keep no Faft, for any other food that
he likes, if it be offer'd him, when his appetite ferves, he accepts
and eats it, what hand foever it comes from. Herein he agrees
with the Mendicants, that he buys no Victualls, nor lays up for
the morrow ; And not diftrufling Providence he refufes to work
for his livelyhood. The truth is he lives as if he judg'd him-
felf to have a right to that is neceffary for the fuftaining
of nature ; fcr when he is hungry and none offers him any
Victualls, he fcruples not to take it in any houfe or place he finds
it, without k) much as afking the owners leave. But he is fofar
from the love of Money that he will wot receive any when it is
offered him He is never feen to laugh ; yet carries no fad coun-
tanance. When any Children afk him a Queffion he never ans-
wers them a Word. He regards not the ceremony of Marriage
but declares himfelf free to propagate his race, he is under no
vows of a fingle Life. Nay he holds it not unlawfull to have
as many Wives as was cuftom in the early Days of Reli-
gion, and amongft his generation all along, yet quarrells not
with the Laws of the Land he lives in, meddles not with State
matters, nor fpeaks againft their Magistrates, nor difcover any
Seditious Principles, He is never fcen to make ufe of a
Bible or any other Book. He beleives not Purgatory or the
immortality of Souls,

Letter

^/LETTERS. 473-

Letter from F. Grevill, at Venice, to Lord .

Right Honorable and my very good Lord,

MEE thinkes I forfee allready, that like as they who being
once entred into the Shallowes neare the Shoare, are trayn-
ed on ftill, and venture to wade into the Sea : Right fo it fareth
with me, the farther I goe forward the deeper I tread, and am car-
ried away into a vaft Ocean, and bottom eleffe Gulfe of Negotiation.
Wherfore, now leauing my oldc Tragetto, by Way of Informa-
tion uppon Particulars only, being (as one well noteth) the moll
compendious Way to know litle, I am refolued (God willing) to
imbarke my felfe uppon a deeper Channell, and try how this litle
Barcke of mine will guide it felfe in the Maine Ocean, and where
the Winds blowe on euery Side ; Una Eurufq; Notufq-, ruunt.

It is generally conceaued here that a fatall Crifis is not farr off;
and our Speculatiui doe imagine that they doe allready fecjigna con-
cocJionis. If wee doe not erre in our Calculation, by the End of
the next Moneth ther are likely to bee found loom. Swordes inrol-
led at the leaft, if not drawne pro Libert ate & contra Libertatem y
for into thefe Heades they doe diuide themfelfes.

To begin with thofe which are contra Libert at em : Wee doe al-
low in the Low Cuntreys unto the Marquis Spinola, and fuch as doe
depend uppon him, the Number of 40W. unto 'Tilly and the Impe-
rialifls with him 30W. unto the Duke of Feria 30;;/. which make
in all 100;;/. On the other Side, pro Libertate, wee doe give un-
to the Prince of Orange 30W. unto Count Mansfelt 30W. and unto
the League here in Itahe $om. which are loom. By this Account
made in groiTe the Ballance doth appeare to bee allmoft equall
ratione Nameri , and therfore, wee muft examine collaterall Cir-
cumftances to fee whether any may bee found which may giue and
add Weight unto either of the Scales.

O o o The

474 i COLLECTION

The contrary Party doth feeme to bee fauored with vis unita, which
doth increafe Strength by way of Concentration,* for all therCounfells
doe depend uppon one Oracle, or if there bee more Oracles then one
on that Side, yet, like the Oracles of Grece, in the Time of Philipp
of Maccdon, wee may truly fay that they doe all of them pXnnnliiv.
There Mony (which is nervus belli) doth' come all out of one Tre-
iurv, and it is conceaued that thefe golden Riuers cannot bee dried
upp as longe as ther Indian Ileadcs and Sources are free and unftop-
pcd. Befides, feare doth open the Purfe of the Genoefi as wide as
may bee, and inforce them to call: a plentifull dewe of Siluer uppon
this golden Fleece of Spayne. To defraude this Side of nothing
they can pretend unto, wee muft call: into ther Scale fome Graynes
of the temporall Power of the Emperor, of the fpirituallAuthorityeof
the Pope, of the Reputation that Side hath to bee Victorious, and
the Extenfion of Dominions they have to entertayne Armyes upon.
Now for the other Side, although it might bee doubted that Eng-
land, France, Venice, and Sauoy, and the Low Cuntryes, a Hea-
iien of five Spheres, wherof euery Orbe hath his feuerall Epicycle, -j-
can hardly maynetayne for any longe Time a regular Motion -, and
that the Irregularitye of any one Orbe may diftemper the whole
Body, yet thofe that doe confider how they were uppon a fuddayne
united, really without Formalityes of Treatyes, and how willingly
diuerie Perfones of different, and perhapps contrary Difpoiitions, doe
concurre, ad commune rcjlingiimdum Incendium, doe conceaue that
they may very well, and will very willingly continew ther Motion
with Conftancy untill they have obtayned the End which was pro-
pofed by them all. For ther is no Bond that can tye Princes and
States together but common Interefls, wherunto if feare of Op-

preiTion

* Concentration, it a retiring, or withdrav.'ing inwards, or moving towards the Center.

CoNCKNTRlCK, is a Mathematical "7 erm, fegnifying of the fame common Center with another.

Concentration, is likewife a Term in Cbymi/lry, fignifying an Operation, by which the mo/I
- Hive Parts of any Liquor, and thofe from whence it derives its principal Qualities, are col/ccled >
.:,:' ../. .:ie. 1 from the otho Part-, which dilute and render them weaker. N. B. This Defini-
tion will rive you an fiLa of Mr Grevill'j Meaning and Application of the Word.

: ,-, i , < ; i r.) little Cir, 1 , a- /wall Orb within the circumference of a greater.

^/LETTERS. 475

preffion bee added, it doth make a Gordia?i Knott. A Hand is not
the weaker for confirming of fiue Fingers, but hath the Aduantage of
imbracing more then a clofc Fift can doe. Befides, the Contribution
of Monv diuided amongc fo many doth much cafe this Side, and I
doe hold the Beneuolence of difopprefed Subjects well affected to the
Caufe, to bee a more lafling Mine then the Indyes can afforde.
This Side hath a great Aduantage confidering that England and
Trance arc plcthoricall Bodycs, out of which Supernumeraryes may
daylie bee drawne, and neuer miffed : Wheras the Enemy w r ould
bee to feeke if he were put to fuch a Shift, and I am lure if hee re-
ceaue but a fmall Checke here in Italy, it will inilantly bee fecond-
ed with a Mate. I fpeake nothing of the Peribns of the Duke of
Saucy, the Conftable d' Efdigueres, and Count Mansfelt, whofe
Reputation doth adde as much Weight unto this Side, as the Names
of the Emperor and of the Pope unto the other ; nor what may
bee expected of the King of Denmark and Sweeden, of many Princes
and States in Germany, and Bethlem Gabor, who doe expect: a fa-
uourable Conjuncture to take ther Aduantage, becaufe all thefe are
Parties Cafualles. But finding really that ther is no great Oddes in
the Number, nor in any collaterall Circumilances, I fuppofe that
the Juftice of the Caufe, will weigh the Ballance downe to the
right Side.

I have lately aduertifed your Lordfhip of the victorious March of
the Marquis De Conures through Rbcetia and the Valtelina, which
truly may be tearmed a Vent, vidi, vici ; never was there fo difficult
an Fnterprife undertaken more boldly, and executed more happelv.
It was Sabnacida fpolia, fine fangnine if fudore. The Lea^ures
fpeake no more of the Valtelina, but refolve to let uppon Nona and
the Fort DiFnetites, which are Members of' the State of Milan, and
from thence to open ther Way ad FluviumTicirium, and ther to jovne
with the Army ot Piedmont. But to leaue thefe minor Pronofitions,
which are nothing els but Informations touching Perfons and Ac-
tions. I will procecde to confirm my maior or general Proportion
beiore mentioned, and thence collect and obferue what I thinkc in

O o o 2 mv

476 i COLLECTION

my poore Judgment to bee of belt. Importance in a publique Survey.
Some are of Opinion, that feeing the Grifojis are now infranchifed,
the Valtelina reconquered, and the Paffage fecured, the League
mould moue no farther, hauing arriued to ther Termmui ad quern :
but thefe Men light uppon BulinefTe by chance, not by reflection,
they know the Referts and Falls of Bufinefle, but know not how
to examine or debate Matters ; they doe not diitinguifh well betwixt
the Caufe and the Occafion of a Warre. It is true that the Op-
preffion of the Grifons did give Occafion vnto the Princes of the
League to take Armes for the Redintigration of their Friends,
Neighbors, and Allyes into their Eftate and Libertye ; but the true
Caufe was a Defire in them to ftopp a Torrent of Ambition and
Violence, which having deborded of late Yeares in many Places of
Chriftendom, did threaten an Inundation univerfall, Hitherto.they
have but drained the Low Grounds which they did find overflowne,
but if they doe not prouide likewife to fiopp the Breaches and to
weaken the Force of that Torrent which doth fo often fwell about
and beyond his Bounds, all that they have done is to no Purpofe.
This being the true End unto w T hich the League dothayme, name-
ly, the reducing of the contrary Partye unto fuch a Moderation and
Modeity that all other Princes and States may quietly and peaceably
enjoy that, which God hath given them. It is to be thought they
will not lay downe ther Armes untill they have gained that Poynt,
which was principally purpofed. A Phyiition doth not retire from
his Patient as foone as he hath deliuered him from a Feauer, but
doth continewe to fortifye and ftrengthen him for feare of recidira-
tion : fo is it with the Rhcetian Body, they are now deliuered of
the Calenture which hath tormented them three Years together,
but parum diftat ab tegroto qui tantum fanus eft ; and if they bee not
comforted with flronge Cordialls, and potent Prefervatives, they
may foone relapfe, and their Relapfe proue irremediable. It is further
cbferued of Leagues in General!, that as they bee longe before they
car] refolue uppon the Undertaking of a Warre, becaufe euery Party
intcreiTed doth fore caft future Dangers and Inconveniences : So are

thev

of LETTERS. 477

they commonly as longe in refoluing uppon a Peace ; the Realbn
wherof is, that euery one in Particular doth infold within the Com-
mon Cauie his ovvne priuate Interests, fo that when the principr.ll
Poynt for which Amies are taken is capable of Accommodation,
the collaterall Refpectes doe imbroyle this Negotiation. Laflly, for
the Armes of the prefent League it muft bee confidcred, that ail-
though they doe not appeare openly in the Caufe of the Paliti-
nate, yet they doe take that BufinerTe to Heart as much as wee doe >
for they know that if Germany bee oppreifed, Italy fhall fuffer,
and therfore that they may have a faire Pretence to weaken the
common Enemye, they will keepe open this IiTue of the Valtchna^
and contribute to Count Mamfelt^ to eafe them by way of Di-
verfion.

But to ftopp the Courfe of thefe Proceedings, the Pope, at the
earneft Entreatye of the Spanyards, hath undertaken to treate an
Accommodation, and to that Purpofe he hath defigned his Nephew
the Cardinall Barbarini to goe Legatus a Latere into France, and
if neede bee, likewife into Spaine, and he hath lately difpatched in
Dilligence a Gentleman of his Chamber Signor Piccolommeni, to
let the French King know of the comminge of his Nephew, and
to deiire that all Armes may be. fufpended untill his arriuall. But
my Opinion is, the World is now growne fo well acquainted with
thefe Spaniftj and Italian Treatyes, that it dares truft them no more
then one would doe a broken Tooth, or a Foote out of Joynt.

Padre Giacinto Nafta is the principall Directer of this Legation,
and he doth receave all his Infiruclions from the Duke of Bauaria y
whereby it may eafily bee imagined to whom the Pacquet is princi-
pally addrefied, it being well knowne that the Worke of that Ca-
puchin is, ;vm\ hath bine fome Years, to procure the two Crownes
of r-;.\ .":.:" -i S'-:itr to ioyne with the Emperor, the Pope and
Ba r .-'ir:f, in . ' I'.ie !all Extirpation of Heretiques.

i your I.e. ..... perufc thefe fruitleiTc Collections, they may

h:\ - v W: ; a ?- -odell to decipher in Part the vail Body
Si A' 1 / Oii fojee in Europe, but no otherwife, then the

oi a it i iiiii

478 ^ COLLECTION

Stadium or Vefiigium did the Philofopher in his Search of thofe
large Dimenfions of Hercules. I fhould bee glade to improve this
poore Talent of mine, by looking farther, and riving at an other
Marke ; but wanting Winges I mull needes fall to Grounde, be-
ing not able to ilibiift where I am only with Bread and bare
Walks.

There is an Agencye of Savoy procured by my Lord Duke of
'Buckingham for one Mr Clarke, who as vet appeares not, on whom
as it is thought fome Diuerilon might eaiilye bee wrought for that
Prouince, and I am much affected to feme the Kinge in fuch a
Place where my Mafter hath bine trayned fo longe, and is both able
and willinge to give me his bed: Inftructions in the due Execution
thereof. May it pleafe your Lordfhip to favour this Motion fo
farre as to fpeake in my behalfe to the Kinge, and my Lord Duke,
and withall, if this Sute fucceede, to acquaint my Lord AmbafTador
here, that this was done without me, only by the good Advice
and Care of fome honorable Friends of mine in England, which
will bee both a Means to augment his Lordfhips Favour towards
me ; as ailfo to inable me the better for this particular Defigne.

I muft here, after a tedious and unmannerly Difcourfe, in all
Humilitye craue lcaue to kifie your Lordfliips Handes, and reft,

Tour Lordfiips mojl Obedient

* ; ; ^ ^Vn. z*. Poore Kinfman and Servant,

Sii. Nj. 1625.

F R ANCIS GREVI L L.

InJlriiElions touching the Bill for free Trade.

f~ipMIK Comitties from the Houfc of the Commons fate five
' JL whole Afternoones upon the Bill. There was a great Con-
courfe ot Clothiers and Marchants of all Parts of tins Realme,

^/LETTERS. 479

and efpecially of London, who were foe devilled, as that all the
Clothiers, and in Effect, all the Marchants of England complayned
grevoully of the Ingrofling and Reftraint of Trade by the rich
Marchants of London, as being to the Undoing or great Hindrance
of all the Red. And of London Merchants three Parts named in
the fame Complaint againft a fourth Part; and of that fourth Part
fome {landing ftifly for their Companye, yet repined at other Com-
panyes ; divers Writings and Informations were exhibited on both
Parts. Learned Counfell was heard for the Bill, and divers of the
principall of the Aldermen of London againft it. All Reafons ex-
actly weyghed and examined, the Bill, together with the Reafons
on both Sides, was returned and reported by the Committies to
the Houfe; where, at the third Reading it was three feveral times
debated ; and in the End palled with great Confent and Applaufe
of the Houfe, (as being for the exceeding Bencntt of all the Land)
fcarce forty Voices duTenting from them.

The moft principall Reafons for the Enlargement of Trade

were thefe :

I. Natural! Rivhte.

ALL free Subjects are borne inheritable, as to Heir-Land, fo
alio to the free Exercife of their Induftrie in thofe Trades
whereto they apply themfelves, and whereby they are to live.
Merchandizing being the Cheife and richeft of all other, and of
greater Extent and Importance then all the Reft ; it is againft the
natural Right and Liberties of the Subjects of England, to reftrain
it into the Hands of fome few, as now it is. For although there
may be now fome five or fix thoufand Perfons (counting Children
and Prentizes) free of the feveral Companies of Marchants in die
Whole ; vet apparent it is, that the Governors of thefe Companies,
by their monopolizing Orders, have lo handled the Matter, as that
the Made of the whole Trade of all the Realme is in the Hands of

fome

48a ^COLLECTION

Tome two Hundred Perfons at the moft : The Reft fervmg for a
Shew only, and reaping fmall Benefitt.

II. y;id?me?2t of Parliament. *

The Lawe ftands for it : And a Statute made the twelfth of
Henry the Seventh, never repealed by Parliament j only retrained
by Charters ftnce procured, (by which Meanes all the Monopolies
have had their Originall.) And the firft of thefe Charters fince the
making of that Statute, was purchafed in the End of the Reigne
of Henry the Seventh, at what Time Empfen and Dudley were In-
ftruments of wronging and oppreiling the People : Yet doth in no
wife reftraine the Liberty of free Trade, but exprefTely allow it, with
Reference unto that very Act in the twelfth of his Reigne ; and
fo it continued untill the Reigne of Elizabeth.
III. Example of Nations.

The Example of all other Nations generally in the World, who
avoide in themfelves, and hate in us this monopolizing Way of
Traffique. For it cannott be otherwife accounted by then a Mono-
poly, when fo large a Comoditye is retrained into the Hands of fo
few in Proportion, to the Prejudice of all other, who by Law and
natural! Right might have Intereft therin. And whereas fome al-
ledge that there are like Company es in other Countries, as of the
Ea/t-Indies in Li/bone, the Howfe of Contreclion there, the Fontego
at Venice^ the c ircinfana at Norimberg : Thefe Allegations are either
untrue or improper. Thefe are Places of AfTembly for Merchants,
and to confult for good Orders in all other Countries, but without
Reftmint of Trading from any Man. And how Marchandize by
this Freedom doth flourifh in other Nations, and principally in the
Low Countries more then in ours, it is apparent to all the World.

IV. Wealthe.

The Encreafe of the Wealth generally of all the Land, by the
ready Vent of all our Comodities to the Marchants at higher Rate.
For where many Buyers are, Ware growes deererj and they that

buy

of L E T T E R S. 481

buy deere at Home, muft fell deere Abroade. This will alfo make
our People more induftrious.

V. 'Equal Dijiribtition.
The more equall Diftribution of the Wealth generally of all the
Land, which is a great Stability and Strength to the Realme, even
as the equal diftributing of the Nourishment in a Man's Body
The Contrarie whereof is inconvenient in all Eftates ; and often
tymes breakes out into Mifchiefe, when too much Fulnes dee pufFe
up fome with Prefumption, and to much Emptinefs leaves the reft.
in perpetual Difcontent, the mother of Defire of Innovations and
Troubles; and this is the proper Fruit of Monopolies : Example
hereof may be Lmdon, and the reft of the Realme. The Cuf-
tomesand Impoftsof London come to 110000 Thoufand Pounds a
and of the reft of the whole Realme but to 1700 Thoufand.

VI. Strenzbte.

The Encreaie of Shipping, and efpecially of Marriners, in all Parts
of ' England y and how greatly the Marriners of the Realme have decaied
in all Places of late Tyme, and with how great Danger ot the State in
theife late Warrs, is known to them that have byn ymployed in
that kinde of Service ; who doe alfo attribute the Caufe thereof to
this Reftraint of Trade; free Traffique being the Breeder and
Maintainer both of Shipps and Marriners, as by memorable Exam-
ple in the Lowe Countries may be feene.

VII. Profit of the Crown e.

The Increafe of the Cuftomes and Subfidies to the Kins;, which
doth neceflarily follow the Increafe of Forrainc Traffique and Wealth,
is to be confidered : And they which faie otherwife will dare to faie
any Thing. Theife Reafons are in great Parte fett downe in the Acr.
of the twelfth of Hairy the Seventh ; other particular Reafons there
are, which this prefent Tyme cloth yeild.

VIII. Opportunitie Abroad.

Under our gracious Salomon, a Prince of Wifdom and Peace, wee
are like to be in League or Amity with all Nations j whereby as
there will be greater Freedome Abroade to trade to all Places, ib

P p p will

482 i COLLECTION

will be fitt to have greater at Home for all Perfons to trade. This
Alteration of Tymes may make that fitt nowe, which in Tymes of
Hoilility might have feemed unfkt.

IX. Necejjitie at Home,
And as there will be greater Opportunity Abroade, Co alfo much
more greater Neceffitye at Home ; for what ells mall become oi"
Gentlemens younger Sonnes, who cannot live by Arms when there
are no Warrs, and Learning-Preferments are common to all, and
meane : So that nothing remaines fitt for them, fave only Merchan-
dize ? (And fuch is the Ufe of all other pollitique Nations) unlefs
they turn Serving-men ; which is a poore Inheritance.

Divers other Reafons they have to continew the Reftraint of
Trade, the which we anfwere as folio weth :

I. Imputation to the State.

IT is a Taint to the Kinge and State, that theife retrained Com-
panies fhould be called or counted Monopolies : And by this
Act we juftifie and ftrengthen the Complaint of the Haunfe Townes
and other Nations againfl the State, for fuffering fuch Company es.

Answer.
The fame Reafon doth juftifie all the Monopolies that ever were.
It is no Touch to the State if Abufes creepe in ; but if Reforma-
tions defired by Parliament be denied. But furely this Taint cann
no waye attaint his Majeflie, who hath declared himfelfe a juft
Enimye to all theife unjuft Monopolies.

II. Not Monopolies.
Theie Companies are not Monopolies : For a Monopoly is when
Libertie of Selling, dew to all Men by Right, is reftrayned to one,
with Prejudice of all other.

Answer.
The Name of Monopolye, though taken originally from Perfonal
Unity, yet is fitly extended to all improporciable Pawcity of the
Sellers in regarde of the Ware which is fold. If ten Men had the

only

of LETTERS. 4J3

only Salle of all the Horfes o; ; England \ this were a Monopolyc ;
much more the Companie of Marchants Adventurers; which, irt
Effect, are not above two Hundred Perfons, h.ive the managing of
two third Partes of the Clothing of this Land, which might well
maintaine many Thoufand Marchants more. And with how great
Prejudice this is fondry waies to all the Land, let one Example fuf-
fice ; let the late Crie of all the Clothiers of England teftifie, and
the utter Overthrow of infinite poore Perfons which live by them
and in their Workes : For the Clothiers having no Utteraunce of
Cloth but to the Marchants Adventurers, they, by Complott among
themfelves, will buy but at what Tyme, what Quantity, and what
Price themfelves lift; whereby the Clothiers are faine often to re-
torne with LofTe to laie their Clothes to pawne, to ilack their mar-
kett, to the utter Undoing of their poore Workemen, their Wives
and Children.

III. Keeping up our Commodities.

Thefe Companies keepe upp the Price of our Commodities Abroad,
by avoyding an over-glutt of our Commodities in Places whereto
they trade. And this Experience doth witnefTe ; for our Cloth is
folde of late Yeres much deerer then in former Tymes : Whereas
contrary wife, when Trade is free, many Sellers will make more
cheape, and of leife Efteeme.

Answer.

It is tree that all Monopolies keep up their Commodities for their
owne private Lucre ; but they do it unjudly, and to the Difccntenf
of all other Men : Which have been the Caufe of fo many Edicts
of the Empire againft the Company of Marchants Adventurers,
(which hath driven them fo often to fhift their Marts) and it is
the Caufe that our Marchants are fo univerfally hated; no other
Chriflian Nation either ufing or enduring fuch retrained Companies
in Matters of Marchandize. Howbeit, both by Reafon and Expe-
rience we may conjecture, that there is no great Probability that it
Trade be made free our Commodities will much abate in their
Price Abroade. For the Marchants muft firft buy their Commodities

P p p 2 at

484 A COLLECTION

at Home, and where many Buyers are Ware will grow deerer?
and buying deere at Home, he muft fell deere Abroade. For it is
not true that there will be greater Glutt of our Commodities in
Forraine Partes : The Sellers will be more, but the Ware fold will
be much the fame ; efpecially in thofe principall Commodities which
grow out of the Land. It is the Store of the Commodities and
Marchandize, not the Multitude of the Merchants, which doe
make Things cheaper: Befides, when Trade is free, it is likely that
many young Men will feeke out new Places, and trade further for
greater Benefit ; whereby the Glutt in the former Places will be
lefle. The Weaknefs of their Argument of Experience is plaine,
for not Cloth only, but all other Things in the World have rifen
greatly in Price. And in Fraunce, where there is no Company, all
Kerfeys are fold at an exceeding good Price, and as deere in Pro-
portion as Broad Cloth by the Marchants Adventurers. But if it
were fo that they kept upp our Commodities Abroad, fo do they
by the lame Skill Forraine Commodities at Home. So a few rich
Men do gaine by their Out-going, and the whole Land doth lofe
much more by their Returne. They faie they gaine litle by the
Returne of Forraine Commodities. There lieth a Miftery: For it
is trew, and will be avowed uppon certaine Knowledge, that uppon
the Arrivall of the Marchants Adventurers Fleet, many of the Com-
modities on the other Svde are raifed at leafl Twenty in the Hun-
dred ; for fo do they quit one Wrong with another : But hereby
the LofTe falleth ftill heavy on the Subjecte, who is damnified now
againe in the Commodities returned, as he was before in the In-
gro/iing of thofe that were iffued.

IV. Venting all now.
The Companies that are now, do vent all the Commodities of
the Land; and yet are they hardly able to live one by another.

A N SWER.

It is not all vented which the Land might fpare ; and that by rea-
fon of the Courfes held by theife Companyes to their owne exceflive
Gain, and certain LofTe of all other Men. Beiide, when Trafftquc

mall

^/LETTERS. 485

fliall flourim with us as it doth in other Countries where Trade is
free, and namely in the Lowe Countries, who thereby have fup-
ported the huge Charges of their long Warrs j Things marchant-
able will increafe daily by this Encouragement to the Subject's In-
duflrie, even as they doe there. For naturall Commodities are
more then trebled by acceffe of Art and Induftry ; and howfoever,
yet the Devifion of Wealth will be more equall : For now, by
plotting of the Governors of thefe Companies, fome few overgrownc
Men devoure the Wealth, and make merry, whilft the Red:, even
of their own Company, want and weepe.

V. Pre?itisjJjipp necejfary.

This Ad: makes it lawfull to become Marchants without Prentis-
iliipp 3. which is an Injurie to them that have ferved, and a Hurt to
them that ferve not ; who venturing unfkillfully, {hall be fure of
Loffe.

An s we r.

The Loffe of new Marchants, it may be as much the Defire as
the Feare of the Objectors : But they that have ferved, have Skill
for their Labours ; and they that have not ferved, miift be at charge
of a Factor, or joyne with their Friends, and learne Skill by them ;
or at leaitwife adventure their Stocks with other Men, after the
Fafhion of the Low Countries, and other Places where Trade doth
flourifhe. By the fame Reafon alfo young Gentlemen might be kept
from their Lands, for want of Skill to governe them.
VI. Dijfohing the Companies.

This Act, by enlarging of Companies, and giving free acceile to
all Men, doth in Effect diflolve them for hardly are they able 10
governe thole that are in alreadie; and where Government faileth,
there will be certain Confulion.

Answe r.

This Act difTolveth no Companye, takcth awaie no good Govern-
ment : Thofe Orders in Companies which tendeth to Monopolyes,.
that abrogateth Orders for neceffarie Contribution to publique Char-
ges , it efbblifhcth the Pvelt, it leaves as it found them, neither in

worii

4.8S ^ COLLECTION

vvorfe Eftate, nor better. It is Weaknes to faie, that a greater
Multitude cannott be governed ; for fo neither Kings in their Do-
minions and Subjects, nor Citties in their Amplitudes mould in-
creafe. If for Matter of March". ndize there were no fuch Govern-
ment at all, no more then theru is for our Marchants in Fraunce,
or hath bene in Storde * for divers Yeres pad, or then there is in the
Low Countries, (where are the beft Marchants in the World) yet
provident Men would confult and joyne togeather in that which
were for their common Beniiitt, Eafe and Safetie. Such Companyes
there are in other Countries, but no fuch Monopolies as ours are.
VII. yoyned St o eke necejjhry.

This Acl is againft trading in a Joynt-Stock togeather, which,
in longe and dangerous Voiages, as to Mo/ko, and efpecially to the
Eaft-Indies, is neceffary; for in that Voiage one alone will not ad-
venture : Befides, the Marchant muft keepe fome Port there among
the Infidells.

Answe r.

It is true that it is fitt to trade to the Eaft-Indies in a Joynt-
Stock j and fo doe the Hollanders. This Act therefore doth not
forbidd Men to trade in a Stock if they lift, and fee it fitt j only
forbiddeth to conftraine Men to trade foe againft their Wills ; which
heretofore in other Trades, and at this Day in the Miifcovy
Trade doth turn to the <rreat Damage, both of the Common
wealth and of particular Perfons fo conftrained to trade. The Mof-
covie Companye confifteth of eight Score, or thereaboutes; hathfif-
tecne Directors, who mannage the whole Trade. Theife lymitt
to every Man the Proportion of Stock which he mall trade for;
make one Purfc and Stock of all ; and configne it all into the Hands
of one Agent at Mujko : And fo againe, at their Returne, into the
Hands of fome Agent att London \ who fell all, and give fuch Ac-
counts as they pleafe. This is a ftrong and fhamefull Monopoly ;
or Monopoly in a Monopoly, both Abroad and at Home. A
whole Companye by this meanes is become one Man, who alone
hath the uttering of all the Commodities of fo great a Country.
The Inconveniences which have enfucd thereof, are three. Firft,

* Sic 0, l>.

^/LETTERS. 487

By this meanes they vent Idle of oar Commodities ; for by Reafon
of their own Agent they vent all through his Hands; by which
meanes the Hollanders have come in betwene us; who trading
thither in fcveral!, and with our owne Englijh Commodities (which
are moft proper for that Countrie) utter much more then our owne
Marchants, and make quicker Returne : Which hath occafioned
manie Englijhrnen to come into trade with thefe Hollanders, to the
Detryment of the Kings Majeflie in his Cuflomes. And by this
meaner Trade is like utterly to decaie : For the Hollanders have
growen in fhort Space from twoe Shippes to above twentie. This
Spring they are gone to Mufcovye with neere thirty Shippes, and
our Men but with feven. The like fell out in the Turkey Com-
panye, when they conftrained Men to a Jovnt-Stock; lince the
Breaking of which Combination, there goes four Shippes for one.
Secondly, In their Returne with Mufcovy Commodities, they great-
ly prejudice the Common wealth and State : Example in Cordage,
which they bring home in fuch Scarcely, and fell fo deerely, as they
have raifed it infhort time from twenty Shillings to thirty Shillings;
yea, to fell their Wares deere, they have contracted with the Buy-
ers not to bring more of that Commoditie in three Yeares after.
Thirdly, This is hurtfull to all the yonge Marchants of their owne
Companie, which cannott forbeare their Stocke as now they doe,
and defire to employ their owne Induftrie in mannaging it ; having
often tymes bene all dampnified by the Breaking of the generall
Factor.

VIII. Publique Charges.

In divers Places, as namely in Turkey and Mufcovy, the Mar-
chants are at Charges in fending Prefents, in maintayning Embaf-
fadors, Coniuls and Agentes, which are otherwife alfo neceilarie
for the Service of his Majeftie and the State : Thefe Charges are
now defraied by thefe Companies.

Answer.

This Matter is exprellly provided for by this Act, that all that
trade to thofe Places, fliall be contributorye to thole Charges.

IX. The

488 ^ COLLECTION

IX. The now Mar chant es will give over.

The like Attempt for free Trade was in Anno Dom. 1588. at
what Tvme Libertic was graunted to all Men to buy Clothes at
JVejlminfter. The Merchants Adventurers gave over to trade at all,
whereby the Cloth of the Land lying on the Clothiers Hands, they
were forced by Petition to get the former Restraint reftored.

An s wer.

This is true ; and the fame Mifchiefe were like to enfue againe.
For it is laid, that the fame Pollicy is nowe in fpeach in their Com-
panye. But the Tymes being well altered from Warr to Peace,
this Mifchiefe would be but fhort, and other Marchants foon growe
to take their Places, if they mould (as being rich they may) for-
lake them. But it were to be trufted, that this Stomachfulnefs
being to their Loffe, would not long continew : Howfoever, it
doth not ftand with the Dignity of Parliament either to feare or
favour the Forwardnefs of any Subject.

X. The Rich would eate onte the Poore.

If poore Marchants mould trade togeather with the Rich, the
Rich beyond the Seas would buy out the Poore, being not able
to fell at the Inftant to make themfelves Savers ; and fo here would
growe a Monopolye ex facfo.

An swf, r.
This Reafon fheweth thus much, That a crafty Head with a
greedy Hearte and a rich Purfe, is able to take Advantage at the
Neede of his Neighbour ; which no Man doubteth of But if Dif-
ficulties and Difnoneilies mould deterr Men from Aclions, and not
rather increafe their Diligence and Warinefs ; then mould there be
no trading at all in any forte.

XI. Strainers will eatc out the Englifi.
If ail Men may be Marchants, the Sonnes of Strangers denyfed
will in tyme cat (rut the naturall Marchants of this Kingdome.

An s w f r.
If the Sonnes of Strangers become naturall Englifh, why ihoiild
they not reape a Subje&s Parte? and more they cannot reape. It

any

^/LETTERS. 489

any further Mifchiefe mould growe, it might at all Tymes by a
new Acl: be eafely remedied.

XII. All Men may goe forth of the Realme.

If Trade be free for all Men, then all may become Marchants -,
and under that Pretext any Man may goe out of the Realme :
Which will be good Newes for the Papifts.

Answer.

This Conceipt is weak ; for fo it may be faid that all Men may
become Marriners, and fo quit the Kingdome : And it is provided
for by the exprerTe Words of the Bill, that they may not go out of
the Realme, but for their prefent Traffique.
XIII. Againfi London.

This Ad is againft London, and the Wealth thereof; which is
neceflarie to be uppheld, being the head Cittie of the Kingdome.

Answe r.

Naye, it is for London, unleffe we will confine London into fome
two Hundred Mens Purfes. The Reft of the Cittie of London,
with the whole Realme, fue mainly for this Bill, and cry they are
undone if it fhould be crofTed.

XIV. Hurtc to the Kinges Cujlomes.

It will be prejudicial to the King in his Cuftomes, who, in
other Ports, will eafelier be deceaved then here at London.

An s we r.

Nothing can be more cleere, then that as Tranfporte and Returne
of Marchandize will increafe by this Act, fo alio the Kings Cuf-
tomes which depend hereon mull withall encreafe. And ir Doubt
be made thereof, the Marchants doe offer, fo this Bill may pafs,
that the King be pleafed to lett his Cuftome to Farme, to give
Five Hundred Pounds a Year more, communibus Anms, than hath
bene made thefe five laft Years. The Deceaving of the King is
now, when for want of Freedome, Men are enforced to purchafe
the Vent of theire Commodities out of Creekcs, becaufe they can-
not be admitted to publique Trade. Whereas, other wife, they fhould
have no Reafon to hazard theire whole Eftatc for the Saving of fo

Q^q q reafonable

490 ^ COLLECTION

reafonable a Dutie. As for Faults in Officers, they may as well
happen in London as in any other Place.

XV. Decay of greate Shippes.

During Freedome of Trade fmall Shippes would be employed to
vent our Commodities, and fo our great Shippes, being the Guard
of the Land, would decaye.

Answer.

It is Warr, more then Traffique, that maintaineth great Shippes ;
and therefore if any Decaie grow, it will be cheifely Peace, which
the Wifdome of the State will have Regarde of. But for fc> much
as depends on Traffique, no doubt the Number of fmaller Shippes
will grow by this Freedome; and efpecially Marriners, whereof the
Want is greateft, and of whom the fmaller Veffells are the proper
Nurferies. But that the great Shippes will decaie, doth not nece-
farily follow : For the maine Trade of all the white Clothes, and
and much Clothes of other Kinds, is fhipped from the Porte of
London, and will be ftill ; it being the fitted Porte of this Kingdom
for Garmayne and the Lowe Countries, where the Marchants Ad-
venturers trade only lieth, who mall have litle Caufe to alter their
Shippinge. Then for the Levant Seas, Mufcovie, and the Eaft-
Indies, whither wee trade with great Shippes, the employing of
them will be ftill requifite in the Marchants Difcretion : For other-
wife, both the Commoditie of the Returne will be lerTe, and the
Adventure too greate in fo rich Ladinge, not to provide for more
then ordinary ArTurance againft the common Hazard at Sea.

Other particular Reafons there are for Reftraint of Trades,
in Favour of certaine Companies.

XVI. Marchants Adventurers.

The Companye of the Marchants Adventurers is very ancient, and
they have bene heretofore great Credit to our Kinge, for Borrow-
ng of Money in the Low Countries and Germany.

Answer,

of LETTERS. 491

Answer.

The Company indeed is as antient as 'Thomas of Beckett, their
Founder, and may ftill continew. Their Reftraining of others,
(which this Bill doth feeke to redrefTe) is not fo antient, and was
difallowed by Parliament in the Twelfth of Henry the Seventh;
which Act ftands impeached by particular Charter, but never by
Confent of the Realme repealed. But in Truth, this Company be-
ing the Spring of all other Monopolies, and engrofiing the grand
ftaple Commoditie of Cloth into fo few Hands, deferves leaft Fa-
vour. The Credit to the King hath bene in the Cloth, (and not
in their Perfbns) which will be as much hereafter as heretofore.
X VII. Mufcovy Companye.

The Mufcovy Company, by Reafon of the chargeable Inventions
of that Trade fifty two Yeares iince, and theire often great LofTe,
was eftablifhed by Ad of Parliament in the Eighth of Queen
Elizabeth.

ANSWER.

The chargeable Invention had bene a Reafon worthy of Refpect
thirty or forty Yeares agoe, when the Inventors were living, and
their Charge not recompenced by countervailable Gaine ; which
fince that hath bene ; their Lofle hath bene their owne Faulte, in
employinge one Factor, who hath abufed them all. Private Acts
of Favour, when the Caufe thereof is ceafed, are often revoked.
Howbeit, this Bill diffolveth no Company, only enlargeth them,
and abrogateth their unjuft Orders for Monopolye.

An Argument unanfwerable.
Another Argument here is, not to be anfwered with Reafon, but
by their Integritye and Love of their Countrye, who mall be ai-
faulted with it. In Sum, the Bill is a good Bill, though not per-
happs in all Pointes fo perfect as it might be ; which Defect may
be foone remedied and fupplied in fome future Parliament.

The Marchants Adventurers alledge, Freedome of Trade will
overthrow good Shippinge ; for that all Men being Marchants,

Qj] q 2 they

492 A COLLECTION

they will tranfporte their Clothes in fmaller Parcells for faving of
Tyme, and coming oftener to the Markett.

Answer.

Hereunto wee Anfwere : It will not decay the Navigation ; for
that the maine Trade of all, the white Clothes, and much other
Kinde of Clothe, is fhipped from the Port of London, and will be
ftill, it being the iitteft Port of this Kingdome for Garmany and the
Lowe Countries, where the Marchants Adventurers Trade onely
lieth. And the great Shipping which heretofore have been employ-
ed, moft of the Marchants which defire Libertie of Trade are in-
tereffed in the fame ; who, no Doubt, will have a fpeciall Regard
to employ their own great Shipping for their own Prontts, before
they will procure any fmaller j though it ] may be, the greate
Fleets hereby will not be ufed as before : But thereat the
poor Clothier, and all that live by him, will finde Eafe ; and the
Kinge and State freed from many former Complaintes. There is
no queftion but that hereby great Shippes will be fet at worke, in
more ample Manner by a Generallitie then before : For that the
Marchants Adventurers doth covenant with the Owners and Maf-
ters, to take in no Marchants Goods but of their Companye, being
but two Hundred Traders at the mofte ; befides all Trades are open
to our Nation, wherby Shippes of all Sortes may be employed, to
a more Increafe of Marriners then in Tymes pan:, as the Matters
of the Trinity Houfe will affirme.

But the Marchants Adventurers alledge, That by their Skill
and Government the Cloth of this Kingdome is vented.

An swe r.

We deny that : For it is the Neceffitie of the People of thofe
cold Countries, with the Living they gain out of the Workman-
fhip of our Cloth, which caufeth the great Utterance of the fame,
and not their Poll icy : For by late Experience at Stoad, where they
have had no Government thefe four or five Yeares paft, the Cloth
hath had as good vent as before ; and our Nation better Wellcome
to the People, who many Tymes before oppofed their Mifgovern-

ment

of BETTERS. 493

ment in Reftrayning the Trade, which of late Yeares the better
Part of the trading Marchants procure from fome of your Honors.

But the Marchants Adventurers alledge, Libertie of Trade will
much damnifie the Kings Cuftomes.

Answer.

This, in equall Judgment, is not like 5 for the more ample Trade,
the more Commodities are tranfported and returned j by Means where-
of the Kings Cuftomes will be advanced. And if it mall pleafe
his Majeflie to lett his Cuftomes to Farme, there fhall be fiveThou-
find Pounds a Yeare paid more then hath bene, commimibus An?iis i
for five Yeares lad: paft.

They fay,

That Libertie of Trade will be prejudiciall to the Commonwealth.

Answer.

It is verie abfurd, by common Experience of the Lowe Coun-
tries, where free Entercourfe of Trade is maintayned : What intol-
erable Charges have they borne for the Maintenance of their Warrs,
and yet continew a moft florifhinge Eftate ? The like in Fraunce,
Spayne i Italy , and in the State of Vefiice ; neither is there any Na-
tion els that doth impeach their Subjects from their lawful Trade of
Marchandize, as the Marchants Adventurers would have it.

But that the Company of Marchants Adventurers are hurtful to
the Common wealth, it fhall appeare by theife Reafons following :
Firft, They would retaine in their fole Handling two third Parts of
all the maine Clothing of England-, they being not above two
Hundred Traders; and of them, not above Fifty Perfons that ma-
nage the Bulke of the whole Trade ; who by their Orders have
heretofore ruled the Clothiers, to fell when they will buy, and Re-
ftrayninge their Company to buy any more then they are lymitted.

To the Beating downe of the Price of Cloth.

To the Damage of the Grower of Woolle.

To the Hinderance of Cloth-making.

To the Overthrow of the Poore, who are not fet on worke fo
amply, as otherwife they fhould be,

494 ^ COtLECtlON

To the exceeding Prejudice of many other Merchants, that glad-
ly would trade with them.

To the greate Prejudice of the King, in his MajeftieB Cuftomes.

Again, It is alleaged by the Marchants Adventurers, That this
Libertie of Trade will be Occafion to abafe the Prices of our
Clothes beyond the Seas, and fo overthrow Clothing in England.

Answer.

It is verie unlike for that the more Buyers there he m England
at the Markett the Clothiers fell deerer : And if at the firft any
unfkilfull Marchant mall buy deefe here, and fell for lefTe Profitt
than the Marchant Adventurer, it will give them juft Caufe to
learne by that Experience to mannage this Trade better, or give it
over. And if leffer Gaine will content him then a richer Trader,
the oftener he cometh to the Markett, the deerer and more abun-
dantly our Commodities are vented. And in the meane Tyme,
their cheape felling beyond the Seas will difcourage all Forraine
Cloth-making ; whereby ours will continew in the farr better Efti-
mation. And the more convenient Place our Cloth is brought unto
for the Marchant Buyer, the greater Price may they afford to give
for the fame ; when as fo much the leffe Charge everie Man is at
by Tranfportation of the fame to his Habitation. And in like forte
will all Forraine Commodities be the cheaper unto the Marchants ;
and fo confequently to the whole Commons of this Kingdome.

But it is like, the Marchants Adventurers will alleadge, the like
Attempt for free Trade was in Anno Domini 15S8, when there was
Libertie by Authoritie for all Men to buy Clothes at Weftminfter.

Ans wer.

For Anfwere whereof we faie, That when that Libertie was
granted, the Merchants Adventurers called their Companye toge-
ther, making knowne what had pafTed, with great Perfwation, that
if the fame Libertie mould be continewed, it would be not only
the Overthrow of them, but alfo of their Pofteritie. Advifing them,
that, as they tendred the Good of themfelves and their Pofteritie,
they mould forbeare to buy Cloth for a Tyme. And their Go-
vernment

ef LETTERS. 495

vernment being then fo Uriel, they did accordingly. Only one
Mr Wbitmorej a rich Man of the Company, bought great Quantity
of Cloth at that Tyme ; who, for Breach of their forefaid Advifing,
they did not a litle malligne him to his dieing Daie. And Sir Ste-
phen Some (at that Tyme) not free amongft them, buying a great
Quantitie of Cloth, they meeting with the fame at their Place of
Trade, did fo moleft him, as he was forced to fell his Clothes to
them, and forbeare that Trade, and divers others by his Example.

And what they may now doe upon this Occalion, your Lord-
ihips may eafily conjecture ; which we humbly crave by your ho-
nourable Wifdomes may be prevented, by ratifying this worthie
AcT: for free Trade.

A firaggling or peddling Trade, without a certaine Aboad, we
utterly difallowe ; humbly craving, that more convenient navigable
Places may be affigned for refident Marte Townes, fitt and well
knowne of all Marchants for Trade. And hereby we fhall prevent
the fubtill Netherlander s, that is the Worme creeping between the
Barke and the Tree, maintayning their State and innumerable Na-
vies by the Reftraint of our Trade, and our felves to one or twoe
Places.

The State hath ever had great Care that the Marchants of this
Realme fhould fo mannage their Trades, as ftill they fhould the
better enrich this Kingdome ; and manye ftraite Lawes hath bene
made for Tranfportation of Coynes j and yet much is conveyed
away, and litle taken. And what is the chiefeft Caufe ? Reftrainte
of Trades. For as Gaine is the Object of all Courfes in Trades,
lb is the Exchanee the Rule of all Marchants in theire Trades.
Therefore, when the Commodities of this Kingdome are tranfport-
ed forth more abundantly then the Forraine Commodities returned,
the greater Overplus of Money refteth in the Marchants Hands
unexchanged; and fo confequently, the more Money the higher
Exchange; and high Exchange caufeth Importation of Money:
And, per Centra, the Scarcitv of Moneys bevond the Seas, beget-
teth low Exchange, and low Exchanges the great Exportation of all
manner of Coynes, to the exceeding Damage of this Kingdom.

496 A C O L L E C T I O N

. ,'-.. . _ . .

An ExtraEi of Dr Worthington'j Letter to Mr S. H.

Jan. 24. 1 661.

. f R ^HE Remainder of my Letter is to acquaint you with a

X ftrange remarkable Story, which I hearing of a while
fince, I procured one to write to his Friend in Kendall about it ;
and the Account he gives is in this Letter.

SIR, I receiv'd yours; in Anfwer to which I have thought fit
to give you this Account of the BufinefTe you write about. The
Woman (who is about a Mile from this Town) about fifteen Years
fince buried a Child whom (lie dearly loved 3 and returning Home,
expreifed her Difcontent in thefe Words : God . has now done the
Worft He can to me. She continued well a good while after; but
within a Year fell into a deep Melancholy, which brought her into
that Condition wherein me now is, and in which me hath conti-
nued fourteen Years. I went about a Year fince to fee her, and had
this Account of her, befides what my own Eyes informed me of
her. She eats not any thing, only two or three Spoonfuls of Milk
each Day before twelve a Clock, (for after that Hour fhe will take
nothing.) She hath no Evacuations. Her Body is much worn,
(except her Face, which is fomewhat flemy and frem) and as
cold as Clay. She moves not ordinarily, but as fhe is moved by
others. Yet twice me leapt out of Bed, and was met out of the
Chamber upon her Hands and Feet ; which was occafioned, the one
Time by an extraordinary Noife of a Hue and Cry palling by; and
the other Time, by a fudden Breaking-in of Light, the Curtain of
the Window falling down. When I was with her, one took her
by the Hand, and me endeavoured to bite him. She fometimes
groans much. There is an unpleafing Smell comes from her; vet
not lb bad as might be ex peeled. They have formerly had Phy-
ficians; and (leaft any Meanes fhould be wanting, right or wrong)
Popifh Priefts and Conjurers; who have told them, 'tis a.'meer
'Corp.-, kept in its Form by the Power of the Devill ; and that it

may

ifTL E T T E R S. ' . 497

may continue fo:tiH Doomfday. I have advifed her Hufband to
take two or three Phyficians, and make what Obfervations they can
of her, and fend them to fome eminent Phyficians in London % &c.
for their Judgment of her, and Advice about her. But her Huf-
band is carelefle, and (he is fcarce taken Notice of, nor fpoken of
hereabout. Sir, If in any Thing I may be farther ferviceable to
you in a farther diicovery of her Condition, none mall be more
ambitious to be commanded by you, than

Kendall, (in JVeJimof eland) Yours &CC.

May 28. i 66 1.

Thus have I given you a Tranfcript of that Letter. I fuppofe
they are Poor, and therefore neglected the more. If you, or any-
worthy Perfons to whom you communicate this Story, (hall fug-
gefr. any Particulars fit to be inquired of, I mail take Order that a
Letter be fent about them to Kendall. So ftrange an Occurrence
does not ordinarily happen. The Inquilitive and Ingenious may
perhaps make good Ufe of this Occafion, &c.

A SPEECH made to the King at Verfailles, the
i$th of July, 1685, by the moft Illujlrious and mojl
Reverend Daniel de Cofnac, Bijhop of Valence and
Die \ accompanied by the Lords the Archbifhops, and
other Deputies of the Ajfembly Generall held at St
Germains en Laye, in the Year aforefaid.

SIRE,

TH I S is the fecond Time of my having the Honour to ad-
drefTe your Majefly, as the Mouth of the Clergy of your
Realm. I know not what fliould be the Reafon that I find my-
felf this Day more furprized, and more out of Countenance, than
I was the Time before. My BufinefTe was then to fpeak to the

R r r ' mofl

498 -rf COLLECTION

mod Awful and moft Great King of the Earth : I am fpeaking
now to the very fame King ; but indeed to One who has fince
made Himfelf infinitely both more Great, arjd more Awful.

This Acceflion of GreatnefTe, Sire, proceeds not from the Num-
ber of your Conquefts, from the Provinces you have brought un-
der your Dominion, from your being now become the Umpire of
Europe ; It proceeds from that Zeal, and unflackned Application,
which has made you conftantly prefer the Defign of reducing the
pretended Reformifts into the Church, before all human Confide-
rations, before all Reafons of State whatfoever : It proceeds from
that innumerable Multitude of Converfions which are made by
your Orders, by your vigilant Care, by your liberal Difburfments.

'Tis upon .this only Part of your admirable Life, that I now
infiftj for you are too Great, Sire, to be fhewn at Length, or re-
prefented all together in your full Dimenfions. Nay, I fee clearly
it would be in vain for me to fearch into the former Ages ; boot-
lefs to call to my Affiftance all the encomiaftick Monuments of the
firft and moft holy Chriftian Emperours, I could never furnifh
myfelf from thence with Terms high enough to make out an ade-
quate Expreffion of the Glory your Majefty has purchafed in efpouf-
ing the Intereft of Religion.

But for Embellifhments to fet forth this Subject, what Need is
there to look farther than the Subject itfelf. You releafe us, Sire,
from a Talk wherein we, with our utmoft endeavours, could never
poflibly have been thus happily fuccefsful. What you have already
done for God's Glory, has advanced yours to fo high a Pitch, that
without need of Acclamations and Applaufes from Men, it will
fubfift by itfelf alone.

To fpeak in [from] the true Spirit of the Church, (to whofe
Service you are engaged more particularly than any of the Sove-
reign Princes befides ; fince there is none can difpute with you the
Right of being the Principal and moft Illuitrious of all her Chil-
dren) to fpeak, I fay, in [from] this Spirit, all that you have done
hitherto, which has not been done for the Glory of God and of

his

> '&f ] L ETTER S. 499

his Church, as your Triumphing over Enemies, your Re-eftablifhing
of the Royal Authority, attacked on all Sides by fo many factious
Intrigues; your Wrefting it out of the Hands of thofe that abufed it ;
in fine, your Reducing all Things into their juft Bounds; all thefe great
Actions have, 'tis true, juftly purchafed you the Names of Great,
Invincible, Master of Peace and War;, yet thefe Titles put
all together, are, after all, but Praifes that will laft only as long as
the Univerfe. But to be the Raifer of the Catholic Religion; the
Reliever of the Church of France, which you found opprefTed, and
have now made it the Wonder of other Churches; to be the Reftorer
of the Faith, and the Expellerof Herefy; thefe are folid Titles, im-
mortal Titles, that will not only make their Way thorough the
Thicknefs of all Times, but Subfift ftill when Time Shall be no more.

What Glory is it for you, Sire, what Satisfaction to us, that thefe
Encomiums are proper and particular to yourfelf alone ! Let any but
look back as far as the laft Age, and confider the Troubles which
the Proteftants have caufed; the Places of Strength which, with
their Swords in their Hands, they have fo often demanded, and as
often obtained ; how many Times they have forgotten themfelves to
be Subjects; how many Times they have attempted the fetting up
another Eftate within the Realm; how many Edicts of Pacification
broken as foon as publifhed ; how many Acts of Oblivion violated
by new Rebellions; and then fay, Whether any other King can be
found, who has not onlv eftated the Catholic Religion in fo Trium-
phant a Condition, as to have nothing left her of all her former Dis-
orders, fave only a light Remembrance of them ; but even delivered
her from the very Fear of ever feeing again fuch fatal Attempts, fuch
lamentable Times.

Pardon my Rafhnefs, Sire, if I here make bold to recal the
Names, and revive the Memory of your PredecefTors ; who as Vic-
torious and Invincible as they were, yet it was Seldom or never but
they found their Laws too ineffectual, their Arms too weak, for the
fuppreflmg and beating down that Monfter of Herefy. Should they
now conic back to this earthly Stage again (I mean in the Circum-

R r r 2 ftances.

5<x> i CO LLE C T.I-0 N

{tances of Humanity, capable of Paffions and Infirmities) what Sen-
timents would they have ; whether of Joy, to find fo happy an Al-
teration} or of Envy, to obferve that You alone, in fo fhort a Time,
have well near confummated, what all of them put together had
brought forward fo little in fo many Years Space ? What would
they fay of this Genius of yours, fo piercing, fo capable of finding
out Means (one while gentle, another while rough, always juft) for
enlarging the Empire of Jefus Chrift! With what Satisfaction
would they behold this pretended Religion (which in their Reign
was called, The Religion des Efprifs forts, i. e. of the ableft Heads,
or ftrong-pated Men ; and idolized, as I may fay, by a Party of the
mod powerful Perfons in the State, and of the fineft Wits in the
Court) now defpifed, fuppreffed, and reduced to fo low a pafs, as to
fee itfelf forlorn, and fhaken off by all Perfons of Senfe for ever :
And all this too without Violence, without Arms; nor yet near
fo much by the Force of your Edicts, as by the Influence of your
exemplary Piety! With what Grief would they call to mind how
affronted their Authority was, how difputed, how interrupted ; and
to how many Revolutions it was fubject ! With what Aftonifhment
would they look upon yours, fo abfolute, and fo eftablifhed ! What
a vaft Difference would they find betwixt the horrid Difturbance
which they lived in, and the glorious Tranquility which you enjoy,
and the Church too, through your Means!

But, as if it were not enough for you to have brought into the
Bofom of the Church fo many Millions of ftray Souls that lived
under your Empire, you have been pleafed to make a Conqueft of
new Provinces, that you might there re-eftabliih the Prelates, the
Wor/hip, the Altars. Holland and Germany have to no other End
lerved for a Theatre of your Victories, than merely the making Je-
fus Chrift to triumph in thofe Parts. And what ought we not to
expect yet farther : England is upon the Point of offering to your
Majefty one of the moft glorious Opportunities that you can defire.
The molt Triumphant, the Valianteft, the Greateft of all the*Mo-
narchsof the Univerfe (before Heaven had beftowed your Majefty

upon

* JamttU.

^/LETTERS, 501

upon Earth) wifhed that he might, for a Confummation of his Hap-
pinefs, meet with, once in his life, fome perillous Adventure wor-
thy of him. The King of England, by the Need he will have of
the Affiftance and Support of your Arms, to defend himfelf in the
Catholic Religion, will put you very fhortly upon finding out the
Means of affording him a Protection worthy of yourfelf.

Thofe unquiet and feditious Spirits, which in Dauphine, in Viva-
rets y in Sevennes, had thefe late Years fancied to themfelves that
die Times were juft ready to turn on their Side; and, in their airy
Projects, conceived fome Hope of Foreign Succours ; have coft you
fo little Trouble, and fo little Time in Chaftifing them, that they
deferve not to be remembered : And yet, they have withal occasioned
you fo much Glory in pardoning them, that they ought not to be
forgotten. The Salvation you have procured for them has been all
their Punimment ; and you could no longer look upon them as dif-
loval Subjects, fince the firfl Moment of their becoming loyal to
God.

But, Sire, among all the Great Things that your Zeal and your
Juflice have done for Religion, the Suppreflion of thofe Colleges,
eftablifhed without your Authority, where Youth was trained up in
Error; and of thofe Univerfities, out of which ifiued fo many falfe
Preachers, for the fpreading about fo pernicious a Doctrine in France,
and throughout all Europe; the Demolifhing of thofe Temples,
ufurped and upheld in contempt of your Declarations, are doubtlefs,
of all your Deeds, the moil: Profitable and the mod Important. Nay,
Sire, thofe very Temples, the Number and Erection whereof was
fo fatal to the State, fo difadvantageous and mortal to the Church,
will, amidft their Ruins and Rubbifh, leave for ever the mcft illus-
trious Monuments of your Piety. And as the Statues of thofe two
lafl of the Romans, that were never carried abroad in the public So-
lemnities, did more Honour to their Names, than all the other Sta-
tues, that were expofed to open View in thofe pompous Proceflions,
did to the Names of the Perfons they reprefented ; juft fo may it be
(aid, that the Temples which are now no more to be ieen, will make

your

5 02 A COLLECT I O N

your Glory fpread farther into future Ages, than all the Monafteries
that have been founded, than all the Churches that have been
erected, fince the Beginning of the Monarchy, have" done the Glory
of all your Anceftors.

And now what remains there to be defired more, but that fo fair
a Seafon may laft for ever. That a Work fo happily carried on,
may be brought to a compleat Perfection. And what Succefs ought
we not to hope for from a Protector, who in fo fhort a Time has
brought over fo many Souls unto our Party! What may we not
promife to ourfelves from a Prince, who never yet undertook any
Thing which he effected not with good Succefs ! Would it be juft,
O great God, nay, could it poffibly be, that he who has always
triumphed when he fought agairift People who have been only his
particular Enemies, mould not be able, with your AfTiftance, toac-
complim the total Deflruction of thofe, who fo many Times have
been both his Enemies and yours too!

How happy wOuld our Affembly be, Sire, if while they are re-
ceiving and tailing, in a higher Degree than the two other Bodies
of your Realm do," the Fruits of this Suppreffion of Herefy, they
could alfo, at the fame Time, what by their Care, what by their
Inftructions, what, by their Example, fecond more advantageoufly
your Zeal and Piety ! Or if, at leaft, as there redounds thence to
them particularly more of Glory, fo they could likewife make yours
fhine the brighter, by fuch grateful Acknowledgments as might bear
Proportion to the Obligations you have laid upon them!

But, Sire, it is I whom our AiTembly has honoured with this Com-
miffion,' when there were fo many to make their Choice out of.
May it not be faid, that it was in them a kind of Overfight, to pitch
upon a Perfon fo little capable of anfwering their Expectation ? I
muft freely acknowledge, that to the acquitting of myfelf well in
the Performance of fo glorious a Talk, I mould have faid nothing
but what was worthy of fo great a King, and nothing whereof any
other King beiides could be worthy.

Printed in French at Paris, by Fred. Leonard, the King's Printer in Ordinary, and Printer tc
the Clergy of France: With Licence from the King.

^LETTERS. 503

From the Original, figncd with the Queen's own Hand,
with the Privy Seal annexed.

Anne, R. Private InfiruBiom for Our Right Trujly^
and Right Well Beloved Coujin and Counfellor, Charleg
Earl of Manchefter ; whom We have appointed to be
Our Ambaffador Extraordinary to the Republic of
Venice. Given at our Court at Kenfington the 20th
Day of January, 1706-7, in the $th Tear of Our
Reign.

WHEREAS Our principal Defign in entering into, and
carrying on the prefent War, in Conjunction with our Al-
lies againft France, has been to reftore the Ballance of Power in
"Europe, and to reftrain the boundlefs Ambition of the French King,
whofe Aim feems to be nothing lefs than engrofling to himfelf the
univerfal Monarchy; and as the bringing the Republic of Venice
into the Confederacy, or, at leaft, to enter into proper Meafures
with Us and Our Allies, would contribute very much to, and fa-
cilitate thefe Defign s ; You are to found their Difpofitions in this
Particular ; and to take all Opportunities, and ufe your utmoft En-
deavours, in Conjunction with the Minifter of the States General,
if any be there, to engage them to co-operate with Us for the ac-
complishing thefe Ends. We have the greater Reafon to expect
their Concurrence in thefe Meafures, fince they, as well as the reft
of Europe, will find their Account and Advantage in it; efpecially
fince by the Emperor's having granted the Inveftiture of the Dutchy
of Milan to King Charles III. of Spain, all Pretence of Jealoufy is
removed, and they have nothing now to apprehend but from the
common Enemy of the Liberties of Europe.

And

S<H A COLLECTION

And in cafe you cannot prevail with them to enter into the Grand
Alliance, or openly to declare for the Intereft of the Allies, you are
neverthelefs to do your utmoft Endeavours with them for obtaining
their Afiiftance in every thing that may occur for the Intereft of
the common Caufe ; and, by Degrees, to engage them, either
openly or fecretly, to oppofe, as much as poftible, the Defigns of
France,

If you mall find them propofe and infift upon a Neutrality in
Italy, or that they mould flatter themfelves with the Thoughts of
being Mediators of a Peace, you are at all Times to cut that Mat-
ter fhort with them, by declaring, that We, and Our Allies, muft
look upon a Neutrality at this Time as a Declaration for France ;
and that as to their being Mediators for a Peace, it is a Thing that
you are directed not to enter into, neither can it be thought of, till
France be reduced to reafonable Bounds, and the Monarchy of
Spain fecured entire to King Charles III.

In cafe they (hall offer any Prbpofal to you, upon their entering
into Meafures with Us and our Allies, you are forthwith to tranfmit
the fame to one of Our principal Secretaries of State, in order to
your receiving Directions thereupon.

And whereas it will be a Service of the greateft Importance to
engage the Vice-Roy of Naples, and the chief Perfons of the Go-
vernment there, to embrace the Intereft of King Charles III. you are
to endeavour to inform yourfelf of their Inclinations; and if you
find them well difpofed to it, you are to ufe all poftible Means to
cultivate and improve that Difpofition in them, and engage them
therein: And for your Undertaking in this Matter, we hope you
will find a favourable Opportunity.

ANNE, R.

Original

^LETTERS. 505

Original LETTERS from the Earl of Peterborough.

SIR, Venice, Aprils;.

1712.

I HAVE omitted no Pains nor Expence in this Affair; and lent
immediately to Milan, to know whether Mr Mackenfic got
fafe thither after his Accident, and what Meafures he took. I am
informed, that he has appeared publickly ; which makes me con-
clude, that he has Orders to act according to his Inftructions, and
his own Judgment : Otherwife, knowing I was at Venice \ and, as
he might eafily imagine, upon this very Account, he would have
come or fent to me, and not have taken his Refolution in fo im-
portant a Point without hearing from me; he therefore knows beft
what he lias to do. I only defire, that in no Step he takes he any
way engages me; for it will make all my Endeavours ineffectual,
if this Affair be retrievable. That his Appearance has created the
utmoft Jealoufy is certain, and that any Application to any but the
Prince himfelf was very improper, will appear by the Confequences;
for whether Proteftant or Papift, it might be depended upon, that
the King had put no Perfon about him but what he was fure of. I
have no more to add, but that I defire you not to let fall the leafr.
Word which may fliew any Opinion or Judgment of mine in this
Matter; as I faid I have heard nothing of this Gentleman from any
Minifies and I fhall govern myfelf in the bell Manner I can in this
Matter, purfuant to the Orders I have received.

Tour Moft Humble Servant,

Peterborough.

5o6 ^COLLECTION

Mr COLE, Parma, Oaober 20.

1712.

I HOPE the Time of doing you fome Service draws near, lince
I expect, in a few Weeks, Leave to go for England, though
under Engagements for an immediate Return. Letters have proved of
no Effect in my own Concerns, and have not had the Effect I defired
in Money Matters for others: For feveral Letters, not only prefling
but rude, I have fhewn Mr Chetwind, that I have writ in your Be-
half.

I have fent you a Cypher; but you have an Opportunity of writ-
ing to me fafely as to all Matters and Particulars, as to public Af-
fairs, any thing relating to myfelf, or to the Venetians, who, I am,
informed, have been very bufy upon my Score, and very inquifitive.
Your Letter will be brought by a Perfon who will put it into my
own Hands. So, Bufinefs or Tittle- Tattle, you may put in it all
you pleafe; giving it to Mr Smith in two Days after you receive
this.

If good Meafures can be taken, leaving Spain and the Indies m
the Hands of the French, I believe our great Men are taking all
imaginable Pains towards bringing Matters to a tolerable Conclufion ;
at kaft, they will fucceed in what they defign Abroad, and have it
approved at Home; and I believe the Concerns of this Part of the
World, I mean Italy, may be more attended than formerly ; fo fhall
he glad of any Informations, former Projects, or new Confidera-
tions, that you, or the Merchants your Friends can give you.

SIR,

Tour Moji Humble Servant,

I'" or Mr Cole, the Queen'.-?

Minifler ?.t Vfnict. PETERBOROUGH.

S I R }

of L E T T E R S. 507

To Mr COLE.

S J R P.vtna, Oftober 25. 1712.

I Shall write to you more at length by the next Opportunity. I
had but juft Time to uncypher Part of your Letter. Sure the
Venetians are the mod: ill bred ignorant People in the World. You
tell me, that after Examinations of Smith, and having been in Sul-
penfe whether they mould do the mod brutal thing was ever heard
of to one of their own Women of Quality, that they mould allow.
Mr Smith to tell me, that I mould be repaid what I had lent.

Who the Devil told them that I had lent any thing to any Body ?
I am fure I never faid any fuch thing to any Perfon living; and I
deiire you, and every Body elfe to atteft, that I utterly deny any
fuch thing ; and further, that when I lend Money, I know how to
make myfelf be paid, without Affiftance of Councils and Govern-
ments. I am fo difgufted by their Impertinence, that I cannot
write with Patience.

I fee every Day the Perfon I would not fee at Verona, becaufe I
fee him where I cannot avoid him, and all that I intended to avoid
was having any thing to do with him, having no Buflnefs with him;
I am his humble Servant, tho' upon that impertinent Errand I am
now forced to be incognito at Parma upon Impoffibilities. But of
this I defire you to take no Notice ; my Servant will bring me an
Anfwer to the laft I writ, when you may write with Liberty.

Pray fend the inclofed to fome Merchant that may forward it to
Mr Prior at Paris; within is one for Lord Bolingbroke. Lord Go-
dolphin is dead. Without Compliments,

/ am Tours,

Peter borou gu,

3 s s 2 AX X A

5o A COLLECTION

ANNA) Dei Gratia^ Magnae Britanniae, Franciaa,
&* Hiberniae, Regina, Fidei Defenfor, &c. SereniJJimo
Principe Domino Johanni Cornelio, Duci Veneti-
arum, & Serenijftmce Reipublicce Venetiae, Amicis
Nojiris Charijfimis^ Salutem^ &? Profperos Rerum
Succejfus.

SereniJ/ime Princeps, & SereniJJima Refpublica,.

CU M Fidelis & Dilectus Nobis Cbriftianus Cole, Armiger, apud
vos complures jam per Annos Secretarii Noftri Partes obierit,
vifum eft Nobis tandem ipfi in Mandatis dare ut Domum reverteretur j
id quod hifce Noftris Literis vobis lignificare voluimus, rogantes ut
Amicitiae Noftrae, qua vos & Rempublicam veftram ftudiose com-
plectimur, Conteftationem quam noftro Nomine facturus eft, plena
Fide accipiatis, perfuafumq; habeatis. Nos idoneam quamlibet
Occafionem haud praetermifTuros, qua Animi Noftri in Utilitates
veftras admodum propenii uberiora exhibeamus Indicia. De caetero,
vos 5c Rempublicam veftram Divini Numinis Tutelae ex Animo
commendamus.

Dabantur in Arce No/Ira Vindefore, Die 'Trigejimo Men/is No-
vembris, Anno Domini Millefimo Septingentejimo Decimo T'ertio,
Regniq; Nojlri Duodecimo,

Veftra Bona Arnica,

Sereniinmo Prlncipi, Domino ANNA R.

Jibantii Cornelio, Duc*i Veneti-

aruri, k Serenitlima-* Reipublicrv
i'enit't, Amid 1 ! Noilri; Chariffi-

Signed underneath, Bolingbroke.

Copy

of LETTERS. 509

Copy of a Letter from Mr D'Avenant to His Grace the
Duke of Marlborough.

My LORD, Scblangmbad, Auguft 28. 1706.

ON Wednefday the 25th, the Margrave of Baden came to wait
on the Elector. I had then an Opportunity to take Baron
Forjiner aiide, and to refume the Converfation in which we were
interrupted the Day before, and to prepare him for what I defigned
to entertain His Highnefs with. The Difcourfe I had with the Baron
turned upon thefe Points.

I reprefented to him how much the common Caufe fufFered by
the prefent Proceedings on the Rhine, and that if a Fatality mould
happen in the Low Countries, it would moil certainly be imputed to
His Highnefs's permitting the Enemies to retreat from thefe Parts,
and that the Allies were already very uneafy to fee your Grace's Pro-
grefs in a Manner flopt by thefe Detachments. I alfo told him,
that it was to be feared that fome Body might be angry enough, in
our Houfe of Commons, to cenfure His Highnefs's Conduct, at
which he ought not to be furprized ; fince it was not with England
and Hollands it was with the Empire-, that we felt in a very ieniible
Manner the Weight of the War, and wiflied for nothing but a fafe
and happy Conclusion thereof. I then proceeded to tell him, that
His Highnefs was charged with concealing the true Force of his
Army, and reprefenting the Miferies thereof greater than they were in
Effect ; and defired him to reflect: on what the World laid : and told
him, that he could not be ignorant, that by the generality there was
a very bad Reafon given for his Mailer's Inaction -, and that there
were but a few, and thofe his Friends, who believed he acted thro'
a Spirit of Refentment, which was not a fufficient Excufe for the
Allies.

l bi<

510 A COLLECTION

This is the Subftance of what I laid to the Baron that Day, and
the Day before; to which he replied, that he found I was unac-
quainted with his Mailer's Condition : and faid, the fevere Cenfures
of the World were nothing new to him ; that we had been impofed
upon by Mr Defchlkk with regard to the State of the Army, and
to the Money he pretended to have brought with him from Vienna
to fupply the Necefiities thereof. As he was coming to Particulars
upon thefe Matters, we were interrupted; and he faid, he would
refer me to the Margrave, who was defirous to fee me as foon as
poffible ; designing to open himfelf very freely upon thefe Matters.

The Margrave was fo taken up with the Elector, that I had only
an Opportunity to make him a Compliment. The Difcourfe with the
Margrave palled upon indifferent Subjects, but as he left us to go to
Scfjwalbacby he ordered me to come to him the next Day; which
I did defign to do, had I not heard that he was then fo much out
of order, that he could fee no Company. His Diflempers are Wind
in the Stomach, and the Spleen, together with a Shortnefs of
Breath. When he came here, he paffed on Horfeback through the
Alleys, to avoid coming up Stairs: And the Elector told me, that
after having conducted him into his Apartment, he was fome Time
before he could recover his Breath to fpeak to him.

Yeilerday Morning I waited on His Highnefs, whom I found
lick in Bed. He began his Difcourfe by thanking me for the Free-
dom with which I had fpoken to Baron Forjlner, which Matters,
he fays, it would be eafy for him to clear.

As to the State of the Army, he faid we had been grofly deceived
by Mr Defchlick; and he defired me to give him fome Account of
the Computation he had made, which I did according to the Lift
I fent your Grace the 2 lit pail". Upon which the Prince allured
me, upon his Honour, that his Troops were in fuch a Condition at
prefent, that if he were to pafs the Rhine with Twelve Men, he
could leave but Nine for the Defence of the Lines, for the Garri-
fons, and for the Black Foreft; which he would make appear in a

few

^/LETTERS, 511

lew Days, as foon as his Health could permit him to fet himfelf to
work.

The next Point we difcourfed upon, was the Money which
Count Schlick pretended to have brought from Vienna \ he faid, that
he had heard the Count gave out, that he had brought 1900 Flo-
rins; but the Margrave afTu red me, that he brought but 180; of
which this Elector had 60, in Payment of a Debt ; the Margrave 1 8,
for his Portions for Winter Quarters; each Imperial Regiment 8,
the Margrave's Regiment of Baden excepted; and that he could not
tell to what Ufe the reft of the Money was employed.

Mr Defchlick had alfo arTured us, that he had paid the Imperial
Regiments all their Arrears, and for a good Part of the Summer ;
which the Margrave gave me his Word to be falfe, and dented me
to undeceive your Grace in thefe Points^

The Count had alfo perfuaded us, that he had remedied in a Man-
ner the Defect of Powder, which the Margrave denies; and affirms,
that he has fcarce enough for a Day of Battle, much lefs for a Siege.

He defigns to inform your Grace of all thefe Matters in a few
Days. He will alfo write to the States General upon the fame
Subject. And it is his Intention to fend Copies of thofe Letters to
the Diet of Ratisbon, and to the Emperor, of whom he will defire
Satisfaction and Reparation for Mr Defchlick' s Afperfions.

His Highnefs told me, that at the Conference held at Raft at, Mr
Defchlick delivered it as his Opinion, that he was fenfible no Opera-
tion could be made on the Rhine, that all NecerTaries were wanting,
and that it was not in his Power to bring Remedy to thofe Defects ;
therefore he judged it neceflary to detach from the Rhine to Hungary.
If His Highnefs is to be relied on, there will certainly appear a great
deal of Obliquity in Mr De/chlick's Proceedings.

When the Count was with the Margrave, he endeavoured to per-
fuade him that this Elector was no more his Friend. Upon which
Matter thofe Princes came to an Eclairciflement at their Meeting,
and the Elector gave the Margrave all Manner of Affurar.ces to the

contrary;

512 ^COLLECTION

contrary; and told His Highnefs, that I might ferve as a Witnefs of
his good Intentions towards him.

The Prince complained, that the Dutch pretended to govern this
War wirh too much Authority ; to which (fmce without Doubt the
lame Complaint was defigned againft England) I took the Liberty to
reply, that it was a received Maxim that Power would follow Riches;
and that it was very natural to believe, that they who had the
greateft Share in the Support of this War, would alfo expect to have
a proportionable Share in the Direction thereof.

As for the Margrave declining hitherto explaining himfelf par-
ticularly upon thefe Matters, and making in a Manner a Manifefto,
as he fays he will do at prefent, he gave me this Reafon ; that he had
always thought it his Duty, rather to fuffer than to expofe his Mat-
ter j but that Matters were drove to fuch an Extremity, that he
thought he owed himfelf this Satisfaction, efpecially fince all the
Emperor's Minifters were fo induftrious to amufe the World with
falfe Lights, which, he faid, he was very fenfible could not but
have an ill Effect with the Allies; who while they are poffeffed with
an Opinion that there is a great Army on the Rhine, he believes will
fcarce be brought to give any Ailiflance, though the Occafion were
never fo urgent, and though the Enemies mould detach from the
Low Countries, either towards the latter End of this Campaign, or
about the Beginning of the next. Upon the leaft Appearance of
Danger, it is the Prince's Opinion, that the Circle of Swabia will
take their Party; to which, I own, I think His Highnefs would ra-
ther perfuade them, than endeavour to divert them from fuch Mea-
fures.

After this, His Highnefs mentioned to me fome of the Reafons
why it was not iu his Power to prevent the Enemies from detaching
from the Rhine, but I pafs them by at prefent, fmce he defigns to
treat that Matter at large in his Letter to your Grace.

I Ie told me, that he had taken his Party, and that it was his Re-
folution to retire to his Wife's Eftate in Bohemia, if the Emperor did
not loon put him upon another Foot.

of L'E T T E R 3, * 5 rj

I inquired of His Highnefs what Force the Enemies might have
now upon the Rhine? To which he replied, -That according to
Mr Dethungen's laft Letter, they might have about 15000 Men,
the Report of their having made immediately a Detachment proving
falfe.

Lord Bolingbroke to M. Efq;

SIR,

I HAVE been informed, that among feveral Papers which lie ex-
pofed at Fetcham, there are fome Letters of mine writ to your
late Brother in the late Queen's Time ; and I know you enough to
be affured, that you will not approve they mould be fo : Permit me
therefore to defire you, to be fo good as to let me have fuch of them
as may relate to the Bufinefs of that Time j and particularly, fuch.
as may be in my writing. If you mould on any Occafion be pleafed
to employ my Service, you will always find me ready to approve
myfelf,

S I R,

Tour Moft Faithful,

And Mofi Humble Servant.

London, December 11,

H. St. J. Bolingbroke.

>.-

T 1 1 Lord

* 5 i4 ^ COLLE (TT I O N
Lord Bolingbroke to Sir Patrick Laules.

SIR London, June 30. 1721. O. S.

I Have waited long for the Pleafure of an Opportunity of writing
to you, which now offers itfelf. And, in the firft Place, give
me leave to congratulate you on the Agreement between the two
Kingdoms, which we both have fo long and heartily wifhed. I
think it incumbent on me at this Juncture, to trouble you with a Copy
of my Letter to His Excellency the Marquis Grimaldo, which was
delivered into his own Hands by a Friend of ours. That Letter
partly ftated the Matter that I now defire you will pleafe to repre-
lent to that Court; fince that Commiflion which I received from
your Hands, with a Letter at the fame Time from Monfieur Orry,
hath not been revoked; nor have I, as yet, had the Honour of an
Anfwer from the Marquis. The Minifters here do look upon me
as fo far concerned in the Affairs of Spain that relate to the Affiento,
that they are pleafed to communicate to me what paffes on that
Head ; and as I think I can be more ferviceable to his Catholic Ma-
jefty's Affairs in general here than any Stranger can poffibly be, I
think I am bound, where the Intereft of both Nations are greatly
concerned, in Duty to his Catholic Majefty, to defire it may be fo
reprefented to him, to know His Majefty's Pleafure, which I hope
will be iignified to me by the Marquis, either that I may ac~r. or
wholly defift.

Her late Majefty intended, upon the Difpofal of the Grants made
by His Catholic Majefty of the Refervations upon the two LicenfeSj
and the Annual Ship, to make the like Complement to the Mini-
fters at the Court of Spain, as was made by the French upon paffing
their Afliento, which was reprefented by Mr Gilligan to be 25000
Piftoles. His prefent Majefty hath confirmed that Promife, and I
retain thofe Grants in my Hands till I receive that Sum, which the
Minifters have promifed me mall be paid upon the new Settlement.

of L E T T E R S. * 515

I fay this to you, by reafon I think you arc juftly intitled to have
a Part thereof, towards reimburfing the Expence you were at in
your unfortunate Journey hither.

I fubmit it to you, whether if you are pleafed to make the Re-
prefentation I delire, it may not be proper to fay fomething of my
Sufferings for my firmly adhering to the Intereft of His Catholic
Majefty; as it muft. be well known to His Majefty, that the Ran-
cour of the Party who perfecuted me, was bent againft his Intereft.

To His Excellency SIR, &C.

Sir P. tattles,
at Paris.

Sir Patrick Laules to Lord Bolingbroke,

SIR, Decembers, 1722.

I Intend to anfwer fully the Contents of your Letter of the 21ft of
November by our Friend, and mail as freely give him my
Opinion of the other Particulars which he has communicated to me.
Methods are taken fince his Arrival here to facilitate the good In-
tentions of this Interview.

You have already experienced the Endeavours I have ufed to
promote a perfect Harmony betwixt the Court that I have the Ho-
nour to ferve, and that of England; and you are not ignorant of the
Return I had for my good Intentions. If oppofite Meafures and
Methods have hitherto been taken on your Side of the Water, I
wifh that thofe who now have it in their Power to take better one?,
may confult the true Intereft of their Country, as well as their
own; and make fome Reparation for pad Miftakes, by fincereJy en-
deavouring to revive that Friendfhip which lam convinced is necef-
fary for the Happinefs of the two Kingdoms; and to which I mail,

* T 1 1 2 on

*5 X & ^ COLLECTION

on my Part, endeavour to contribute, as well as on all Occafions
to give you Proofs of the unalterable Efteem and Friendfhip with
which, lam,

SIR,

Tour Moft Humble mid Obedient Servant.

Pat. Laules.

Lord Bolingbroke to A. M. Efq 5

SIR,

TILL the Death of the Duke of Orleans happened, there was
nothing of any public Nature to trouble you about; and I
was, and I ftill am, with refpect to my private Affairs, much in
the fame Situation as when we parted. But, Dear Sir, the King's
Arrival, the Approach of the Seflion, and the Inftances I make to
be drawn out of a State of Sufpence which has lafted feven Years,
but muft lait, no longer, may poffibly bring fomething or other on :
Whenever that happens I depend on your Friendship, and am hope-
ful that your Court will either reftore me, or at leaft leave me in no
worfe a Condition than they found me. Since Monfieur Le Due
governs in this Country, my Place of Refuge becomes more agree-
able to me, and I had rather make it my Home than live any longer
without one. As to public Affairs, I look upon them juft as a Man
who fits in the Pit does on the Play: They move my Paffions
enough to amufe me, and not enough to make any ftrong Impref-
lion upon me. Thus much however I muft fay, that it behoves
you to be very watchful and active in your foreign Affairs at this
Conjuncture, that you may keep the Ground you had gained in

this

^/LETTERS. *5*7

this Country, and recover that which you have loft in Spain. It
was no fmall Concern to me, to find your Son gone from this Place
a Day before my Return from the Waters. I hope he is fatisfied
with Paris, where all thofe who knew him regret his Abfencc ex-
tremely. You fee my Lord Harcourt without doubt often now,
that the Seafon of the Year has brought you both back to London ;
and I flatter myfelf that I come in for fome Part of the SubjecT: of
your Converfation. I mould be glad to be prefent at it, and to con-
tinue to learn of thofe who inftructed my Youth; but this depends
on what Mr Walpole will refolve. At prefent I can neither go
over, nor flay here, without Danger and Detriment. Be perfwaded,
Dear Sir, that no Man living has a truer Eiteem for Merit, or a
more fincere Friendfhip for your Perfon, than

Your Mojl Obedient Humble Servant,

Paris, December 29, 1723. BoLINGBROKE.

A LETTER from a Young Apothecary and
Surgeon in the Country to his Sifter, in Anfwer to
07te jhe fent him, which contained fome Critical Ani~
?nadverfons upon his Writing and Spelling.

Dear SISTER,

1 Received your laft, and am much obliged to you for it, though
fome of the Remarks which are made in it are not much to
my Advantage. You feem to think, I have not only forgot my
Writing, but am very much gone off too in regard to my Spelling.
Now as I {hall always endeavour to cultivate my clear Siller's good
Opinion, my principal Reafon for making fo fpeedy a Reply, is to

convince

*5*8 A COLLECTION

convince you of my Regard to your Judgment, and proper Atten-
tion to your Reproof and Advice.

But as the Beauty of the Writing, and the Corre&nefs of the
'Spelling in what I have already wrote, are a Demonftration that
my Abilities are not greatly impaired, I mud excufe the Inadverten-
cies which I have lately been guilty of in both thefe Particulars as
well as I can.

Now I know that I have fo often alledged Hurry and Multi-
plicity of Bufmefs to bring myfelf off on other occafional Neglects,
that I mail not have Recourfe to them at prefent to plead in my
Favour. Befides, were the Reafons above-hinted in every Refpedt
the true ones, yet as they are old and threadbare, I mull: not ven-
ture to offer them, as I am fenfible of the Tedioufnefs of Repe-
tition, and that Novelty is what every young Lady of Spirit has a
Right to be entertained with.

Well then, you muff underftand that for fome Time pari: I have
confidered fine Writing as a very mechanical Sort of an Affair, and
utterly unworthy of a Man that is every Day making Inquiries into
the deepelt Myfteries of Nature ; and as for Spelling, 'tis but the
Qualification of a Pedant; and little incidental Slips of the Pen are
by no Means uncommon with Men of elevated Genius and profound
Erudition. Their Minds are fo much taken up with the fublimer
Parts of Learning, that they have not Leifure to attend to every
minute and unconcerning Nicety. But, dear Sifter, more than
this, you know we live in an Age that is wonderfully given to Imita-
tion; and that we are vaftly apt to copy after our Superiors: Now
as you obferve in your laft, that Doctors have a Privilege to write ill,
no Wonder that an Apothecary mould think that the fame Liberty
would not mifbecome a Character that is but one Remove lower.

As to the Inconvenience of being mifunderftood, if our phyfical
Prefcriptions, and the Labels of our Phials, Powders, &c. are not
perfectly legible, (which you feem to think may in a Courfe of Prac-
tice be a very considerable one) 'tis all a Joke.^ We frequently don't
underftand them ourfclves ; and, to deal ingenuoufly with you, it is not

very

cf L E T T E R S. * 5 ig

very material how or when mofl Medicines are taken, or whether
indeed they are ever taken at all. Befides, to be unintelligible ge-
nerally gives People an high Idea of our Abilities: And you know
how much the good Opinion a Patient entertains of his Phyfician's
Power to work Miracles tends to ftrengthen his Faith j a due Pro-
portion of which is as necefTary in Phyfic as in Religion, as it has a
very excellent Effect in many Cafes, and is frequently the greater!:
Part of the Cure. This is the Reafon that the Faculty have invented
more hard Words and unintelligible Phrafes, than any other Set of
Men in the Univerfe. They find the good Effect of it themfelves,
and fure there can be no Harm in cheating other People to their
Advantage.

What I have faid I hope will help to re-eftablifh me in your
Opinion. I could fay a good deal more y and, among other Things,
could tell you, that as you are a Woman, I don't fuppofe you have
any Averfion to a Secret, and as the unravelling the Senfe of a
Letter that abounds with Mathematical Scrawls and Pot-hooks has
fomething of the Air of dilcovering one, I think I may plead fome
Merit in endeavouring to help you to a Pleafure that is efteemed
no inconiiderable one by the Generality of your Sex. I fhall not
trouble you any further, but fhall conclude with affuring you, that
I am at all Times ambitious of fharing your Approbation, and would
never baulk any Opportunity of mewing myfelf

Your Moji Affectionate Brother, &c.

Mr Theobald to Mr Cooke.

SIR,

LOoking over Madam Dacier's Anacreon the other Day, I took
Notice of a Remark there, which perhaps may deferve your
Perufal towards fixing your Title of the "E^a ii, &c. Lead you
mould not have the Book at Hand, I'll fubjoin the Pallage.

520 / COLLECTION

In Oden. XXXVII. P. 116.

c< 5. v E\a,w4^ *!?>*] Le Mot Gr^r fj^a fignifie / Champs culti-
" vez. Homere, Ify' htjuLGvlo. Ou Tlnterprete a ecrit, Ef>a,
" rot vuv yivgyia,. Les Gn?a appellent i^ya ce que nous appellons
" aujourd'hui yict^ytx. Herodote s'efl fervi de ce mot en par-
" lant du Sanglier qui ravageoit la Mysie, ra rv Mv<jv ?gyx
" af$&isioKt. Les Latins ont dit de la meme maniere Lahore s,
" d'ou nous avons fait Labeur, 6c Labor eur."

You'll beft judge, Sir, whether this Obfervation may be of Ser-
vice ; but if it is, I muft caution you againfl an Error committed by
this very learned Lady. The Words tgy* ivijusvlo, quoted by her,
are put together but once in all Homer's Works, viz. in Iliad \ Book V.
Page 751. And Madam Dacier has fuffered herfelf to be deceived
in the Scholiafl upon this Place, and confequently has given us a
falfe Interpretation of it. For the Words of Didymus, or whoever
elfe is the Commentator, are not as (he reads them, ret vvv yivpyix,
but vCv rd yi'jcey\cL. It is true, her Pofition gives them a Senfe
fuitable to what her Verfion carries, fcil. Quae hodie vocamus arva
fata. But the ScholiafVs Meaning is different to this : His Words
are to be placed and pointed thus, N& rd yicJ^yta, hoc loco, arva
fata ; to intimate, that though fgya has feveral Senfes in diftincT:
PalTages of Homer, yet that here, in this Paflage, it fignifies Corn-
fields. The Adverb vvv is ufed thus at leaft a thoufand Times in
this fhort Scholiafl. I Ihould beg Pardon for this occafional Piece
of Pedantry, were I not writing to the Editor of a Greek Author.

/ am, SIR,

On any Occafion wherein I may be of Service,

Tour Faithful Humble Servant,
Auguft3, 1727 Lew. Theobald,

of L E T T E R S. 513

Sir Dudley Carleton to the Earl of Salifbury, in his
Majejlys Office of Papers and Records for Bufinefs
of State,

I Have nothing worthie his Majeflies Knowledge, yet hold it
my Duty to give an Account of my felf, as well on the
Way, as the "Execution of his Commands in the End of my
my Journie ; Wherein having no manner of Charge but Ex-
pedition, I have performed as much as the length of the Way
would permitt. From London I came furnifhed with double
Provifion as well of Letters of Exchange and other Addreffes
to Strafburghy and Aujburgh by the way of Germanic, as to
Paris and this Towne, becaufe I would have it in my Power
to take the beft Courfe. But coming to Amiens where the
Ways divide themfelves, I underftood of fome Levies at Stratf-
burgh upon appearance of Troubles there, and likewife of the
return of the French Army from Cleve, whereof the moft part
difbanded on the Frontiers ; and therefore chofe this Way
though the longer, rather than run hazard among thofe Strag-
lers. By the way I have made no flay in any place fave at
Paris onely, and there no more than was requifit for necefTarie
Provilion of Tianfportation. For goverment of my felf in that
Place where the Court was then prefent, I referred my felf to
my Lord Ambailador there reiident, and with his advi'fe fent to
Monfieur de Pyfeux in abfence of Monfieur Villeroy to let him
underftand that pafftng by that Court pour la bien Jeance, I
could not but offer my felf to kifs the King and Queenes hands,
yet not to be importunat at a time of fo much Bufinefs, nor
to fayle of that Dutie which might tje expected. The next
day 1 went in companie of my Lord Ambaffador to Monfieur
de Fillercy, who was then come to Paris, and told him that
being in doubt of the way I mould take, I came unfurnifhed
of Letters or other CommifTion to the King and Queen , but
having charge from his MajefHe to mew particular refpect above
other to the French Ambailador at Venice^ I had made offer by

Ttt the

5^4 ^COLLECTION

the means of Monfieur de Phyfeux to prefent my felf to their
Majefties and to receave their comrnaunds, lut being preft
with hail in my Journie, I defired him to hold me excufed
that I could not further attend a time of leifure for that Ce-
remony. He told me that theyr Majefties being then uppon
theyr departure, the Sacre had the lefs time to fpare for any
thing but necefTarie affaires, and ofFred me in their Names all
helps for my Journie yf I mould ftand in neede of any through
this Countrie, and likewife to write to theyr AmbarTador at
Venice to hold all good correfpondencie with me. I underftood
by my Lord AmbafTador extraordinarie that the Prince of
yanvi-lle taking Knowledge by his Lordfhip that I had charge
from his Majeftie to advance his Sute with the State at
Venice, had a Purpofe to vifit me, but my fmall ltay (as
may feem) prevented his cuming. The Veneti an tAmbaffa.dor
was with me twice during my abode there, and once the Am-
bafTador of the United Provinces. To the former I returned a
Vifit, but to the other was forfed to excufe my felf by Mef-
fage, in regard of my haftie departure. The two AmbafTadors
extraordinary from Venice, Andrea Agujfod and Agofiino Nani,
going to Paris like Heraclitus and Democritus, the one to
condole, the other to congratulate, I mift on the midway be-
twixt this and Orleans, they taking the commoditie of the
River for theyr Defcent. Giorgio Ghijliniano who is to fuc-
ceede Antonia Giujiiniano now refident at Paris, is as I heare
on the way hetherwards, and I am like to meet him amungft
the Mountaines. Through Picardie, and at Paris, it was my
Fortune ftill to light in the Steps of my Lord of Cranburne,
cuming mofl commonly to the fame Lodging, and within few
Howers of his remove, and fownd he left nothing behind
him, fave only the Reputation d'un noble cavallier, and d'un
train Men regie. Uppon the fame reafon which guided me
hether, he turned his Courfe this way and parted from this
Towne on Saturday laft being owr Michaehnas Day. I am now
upon the point to follow. Here upon the place in the Countrie
of Lionnois and Bajoux I find a Levie in hand of 4000 Foote
and 200 Horfe for the Afliftance of the Duke of Savoy. The

Cap-

p/LE T T E R S. 5 i S

Captaines under the command of the Count de la Roche > are an
old Follower of the Dukes in the time of the late Warrs, and one
Monfieur de Grange a young Gentilman, and as Coronells, have
had theyr Commimons thefe three weeks, but tucht no Monie
till this day, there being now fome provifion come from Paris
to this purpofe, under colour of payment of the D. of Savoy?
annual Pention which he receaves from thence. What ufe
mall be made of thefe Men I cannot learne more then that they
mall lie in Garrifon at Vercelli and thereabout upon the Frontier.-,
of Navara and Milan for feare of the Spanifi Troops, which
are of late augmented in thofe parts. They begin to march
within ten days, mean time the fecond Son of Savoy, Phil-
liberty is pari: this way in folemn Ambaffade to the King of
Spaine to remove yf he may all Jealoulies conceaved againft his
Father.

The D. of Nemours is the chief Autor of thefe Levies and
Monfieur Defguires a great Amftant, who doth likewife rein-
force his own Troopes, and draw them down in readinefs to
fecond thefe. Thole of Geneva take allarm at trtefe Motions,
and haue drawn five Companies of theyr Neighbours the Pro-
teftant Cantons into theyr Towne in Garrifon. Now that the
D. of Savoy fhall fend his Son into Spaine, and Arme in Pie-
mont -, and that 'Geneva mould be fo apprenfive, where Def-
guires (hews fuch forwardnefs, are as the Spaniards term them
Difparates, and onely thought the effects of Jeloufie without
further defeign, the Savoyard being fometimes in feare of the
Spaniard, and thofe of Geneva always of the Duke.

Yf I mould now make obferuation of the veiw of this Coun-
trie, which is all I could take in my courfe through it, I mult
needs confefs that in regard of fumtuous Buildings, of cutting
new Cannals for transport of Merchandile, of paving high ways
almoft through whole Provinces, of building Bridges, and
other publicke Workes, France hath a new Face ; but in re-
fpect of Tirannie of Landlords, of exceflive Tailles and Imports
railed uppon thefe publicke Pretenies, there is fuch a poore face
of a People, and fuch extreme Miierie, that as happines is onely
knowne by comparrifon, 1 could not but every hower bid's the

Ttt 2 tims

5 i6 A COLLECTION

time we enjoy under his Majefties moll happie Government,
which I pray Allmightie God long to continue in Peace and
Profperitie j and your Lordfhip in Health and all Felicitie, rett-
ing, as I am ever bound,

Tour Lord/hips

meft faithfully devoted
, . to your Service,

From Lyons, tnefe 4th

Brittani^. DUDLEY CARLETON.

To the Right Honourable my lingular good Lord the Earl of

Salijbury,

Anno Domini ic6i.-

< *j

William Muigay, Efq; Mayor of the City of Nor-
wich, his Expences for a Dinner, at which he
feafted the Duke of Norfolk, &c.. the Lords,.
Knights and Gentry of the County.

EIGHT Stone of Beef, at Fourteen-pound / s d
__j to the Stone. 5 4

Two Collars of Brawn 014

Four Gecfe 014

Eight Puits of Butter, 016

A Fore-quarter of Veal, o 010

A Hind-quarter, Ditto, 010

Leg of Mutton, 003

Loyn of Mutton, and Shoulder of Veal, 010

A Breaft and Coaft of Mutton, 007

Six Plovers, ~__ , . , 010

o 14 fi

^/LETTERS. 5 i 7

/ s d

Brought over, 014 2

Four brace of Partridges, 020

Four couple of Rabbits, 018

Two Guinea Pigs, 010

Four couple of Hens, 020

Two couple of Mullards, 010

Thirty-four Eggs, 01 o

Two Bufhell of Flour, o 1 6

Sixteen Loaves of white Bread, 004

Eighteen wheaten Bread, 009

Three Loaves Miflin, Ditto, 003

One Barrel double Beer, 026

One Barrel fmall, Ditto, 010

One Quarter of Wood, 022

Nutmegs, Mace, Cinnanmon, and Greens, 003

Four Pound of Barberys and Sugar, 016

Fruit and Almonds, 007

Sweet Water and Perfumes, 004

Sixteen Oranges, 002

Two Gallons of White- Wine, and Claret, 020

One Quart of Sack, 009

One Quart of Malmfey, o o 5

One Quart of Buflard, o o

One Quart of Mufcadine, o

A SPEECH made by Johnny Martyn of Nor-
wych y a Wealthy, Honed Man, after Mr. Mayor
Muigay\ Dinner. Found in. the Collection or o:r.t
burner of Lyn Regis.

"j^ /TAISTER Mayor of Norwycb, and it plcaie your
J * JL Worfliip, vou have fearted us like a King, God blefs the
Queen's Grace.. We have fed plentifully, and now whilom !

car.

5 i8 ^COLLECTION

can fpeak plain Englifi, I heartily thank you Mailer Mayor,
and fo do we all, anfwer Boys, anfwer; your Beer is pleafant
and potent, and will foon catch us by the Caput, and ftop our
Manners. And fo Huzza for the Queen's Majefty's Grace, and all
her bonny browe'd Dames of Honour. Huzza for Mafter Mayor,
and our good Dame Mayorefs. His noble Grace, there he is God
fave him and all this Jolly Company. To all our Friends round
County, who have a Penny in their Purfe, and an Englijh Heart
in their Bodys, to keep out Spanifi Dons, and Papifts with their

Faggots to burn our Whifkers. Shove it about, Twrl your

Cap Cafes, handle your Jugs, and huzza for Mafter Mayor, and
his Brethren their Worfhips.

A Particular of Mr. (afterwards Sir) Thomas Wilkss
Embaffies, after Eight Years Travels to foreign
Princes and States, from April 1573, to March
1 593 3 wrote with his own Hand, and figned with
his own Name.

April 1573.

F T E R Eight Years travell in France, Germaine and
Italy j being fettled at his Studies in Oxford, he was by
Comandment from the Queens Highnefle, at the Inftance of
Mr. Doctour Dale, in April 1 573, called from his Studies, then
being Fellow in Allfowles Colledge in Oxford, and fent over into
France, as Secretaire with Doctor Dale, then AmbarTador, Re-
sident for her Majeftie with the French King.

May 1574. Monfieur the King's Brother, and the King of
Navarc, prefently after the Death of CbarL's the IXth, upon de-
fcouery of an Intention they had to have fled into Germany,
there to have procured Succours for reforming the Abufes
of the State, were committed to clofe Prifon, at Bois de
Vlnccnnes : at which time her Majeftie having a gratious Care to

relieve

(/LETTERS, Sl9

relieve them, did by fpecial Commiffion to Wilkes, authorife him
to attempt all means to fpeake with them, to deliver unto them
her Majefties Promifes for their Reliefe , wherein Wilkes did
often adventure his Liefe, upon remembrance whereof, the King
that now is gave him of late the Title of Knighthoode.

'July 1574. The Negotiation of Wilkes with theife two
Princes, was difcovered by Monlleur to the Queen his Mother,
and Willies layed for, to have been taken in Paris ; but being
efcaped by Means of the King that now is, was followed into
England^ with a bittir Lettre of Complainte from the Queen
Mother to her Majeftie againft him, bearing Date the 10th of
July.

Augufl 1574. The 9th. of Auguft, the Queenes Majeftie
being well informed of the Danger efcaped by Wilkes in this
Service, becaufe her Honor was interefs'd in that Negotiation $
dothe notwithstanding retourne Wilkes, with her Lettres and In-
structions to the Queen Mother, to deliur an Apologie of the
Matters complained of againft him, who with muche appear-
ence of Danger, trauelled to Lyons to the Quene Mother, and
there performed her Majefties Directions.

February 1574. Wilkes after this Negotiation with the Quene
Mother, remayned for the Quenes Majefties Services in France,
till February following ; and then was called home prefently,
and fent with Instructions and Lettres to the Conte Frederick
Pallatine, the 2 2d. of February, to treate for the Levye of the
great Armye, which in November following was conducted into
France, by the Prince of Conde and the Duke Ca/imire.

April 1575. He retourned Home, and was immediately
difpatched backe to followe and obferve the Actions of that War-
fare ; wherein he fpent fome 14 Monethes, and gave from Time
to Time Accompte of all that fucceeded in that Enterprife.

October

5 2o ^ COLLECTION

OBcbcr 1575. Before the Armye entred into France, he
was in treated by the Prince of Conde, and the Palfgrave in
October, to repaire to her Majeftie, to accquainte her with their
Preparations and the Time of their Intention to marche towardes
France, and did then immediately retourne with her Majeflies
anfwer and difpatche to Headleburgh, and fo forth withe departed
towardes France, with the Armye being mounted at his own
Charge, and fo continued in his Service for the Time above-
mentioned.

junc 1576. Wilkes was by direction from her Majeftie cal-
led Home (that Action being ended, and the Peace made) and
was the 1 6th. of 'June 1 576, fworne Clarke of the Counfaill in
Ordinarie.

December 1577. At this Time he was fent to the King of
Spaigne with her Majefties Lettres and Inftructions of the 20th.
of December, concerning the Matters between him and his Subjects
of the Lowe-Countrie, traueilled into Spaigne by Sea, to St. Se-
baftians, and retourned Home by Lande through France.

April 1 578. Ymediately after he was retourned in England,
her Majeftie did imploye him to Don John D y Aufiria, then Go-
vernor in the Lowe-Countries - 3 and by the waie treated with Don
Matthias, the Prince 0$ Aurange, and Counfaile of State at
Antwerpe : the whole Nobility of the Countries then revolted
from the King, upon the Caufes concerninn his Negotiation to
the King of Spaigne.

July 1586. Wilkes was fent to the States-Generall of the
United-Provinces, to bring her Majeftie a Report of the State of
thofe Countries, of their Government, &c. and returned Home
in September following.

Oclobcr 1586. He was fent againe in OBober, to refide there
in the Louce -Countries, -as a publique Minifter for her Majefties

Service,
1

of L E T T E R S. 521

Service, and withall was a Counfaillour of Eftate there, where
he continued one whole yeare.

May 1590. Imploied againe to the States to renewe the
Treatie and to demand Reformacon of certaine thinges omitted
and miftaken in the fame, where he continued by the Space of
four Monethes.

March 1592. Wilkes was emploied to the Frencbe King
with Letters and Inductions from her Majeftie to treat with
him for fome Townes of AfTurance, for the Securitie of her
Succours fent to the King's Ayde into Normandy and Britaigne.

THO. WILKES.

An original Love Letter of Sir George Hay ward to

in 1550.

MY dereft friend, nay my feconde felf, nay my infepa-
rable felf, natures perfection and heavens model, my
only comfort and all my affliction, for I know nothing I have
bin happie in but you (at leaft by way of comparifon) and in
nothing fo unhappie as in being forced thus violently from the
injoyment of her company who all her fex may be proud to
ferve. A jayle or banifhment from ones country, the fe-
queftrations of ones friends, being deprived of the bleflynig
of parents, poverty nay death it felf be it in the fouleft or no-
dded fhape it can come could not be fo unwelcome unto me
as the contents of your laft letter, by which I am more driven
into difpair than ever, for it is full of bitternefs, nay the very
gall of bitternefs. I would willingly intreat you to think of
your promife unto me made by writing of the freedom of dif-
poiing your felf, and I wyll rather fet the world, reputation,
friends and all, at nought and defyanee, than be unhappie in be-
ing deprived of her who is life and all to me ; and to that pur-
poie I pray think of fome means of getting a praul in a frofty

U u u morning

5 23 ^COLLECTION

morning very early, that if there be no remedy at all we may
conclude of fome courfe to be run in that kind, for I had ra-
ther a thoufand times fee death than live thus. They are vile
Machivilians we have to do with, notwithftanding all the feve-
rity held againfl us, yet at Mothers they fell difcourfing of
your worth to try me, and I could not diffemble but go along
with them in fo apparent truths, and after they grew furder
to affirm that it was pity you mould live iequeftred in a pri-
ibn from all your friends, and they could wiih and would ad-
viie you might live here comfortably and in Company. Unto
which I anfwered (tho' God knows much againit my harte)
that it were well it might be fo ; but howfomever it was fit
you mould give way to your uncle tho' it were ever fo difhafl-
ful to you. And they fell further in difcourfe that it were
happie that I fell into your company at Tardelays for they
thought I was a good means to keep away Ruffins and bale
company that would have been to their diihonor. I am afraid
all their feeming kindnefs to you is for their own ends, fo tak
care of your felf. He advifeth you thus who is more than
father, mother, uncle and all friends, and fo he fhal hate to live
if he make it not good. Think a little at the mifery he en-
dureth that is thus conftant unto you without ends and then
deal as your own hart will ferve you. If you did but know
how difharted I am for your abfence you would find fom
morning evening or night to fee him who is fick at hart. Let
me conjure you as you have worth or ever bore me any affec-
tion to do it. I proteft as I am a Gentleman you mall com-
mand me and my fortune, if you doubt this make your own
proportions and if I deny you any dowrie, anie thing that my
felf or my fortune can afford I defire not to live, or which
is more to live without you. I have deny'd my letters at my
mothers tho' one would have thought fhe had feen them, but
howfomever it had fallen out nothing could have drawn me
from living and dying your fervant if your ov/n-falfehood fhal
not prevent it, the which I am confident wil never be, and fo
not douting but you will fhew your felf worthy unto me, I
defire you wil excufe thefe fcribled lines from a pen that was

dipt

^/LETTERS. 523

dipt m my hart and is true and fincere in every word it writes
to you my foul's flame and chiefe delight, my only fweet object
and every thing I want in this world. I proteft I know not
what to fay to make you feniible of my conftant love and how
diftemper'd I am for your affaires and care for your good. So
I red yours or indeed have no reft but in you who is fo dear
to, my Angel Joy and Comfort,

Your' affeBionated and true friend

and loving fcrvanf,

G.H.

As you love me burn this imediately left your pockets be
broken open by force as mine have bin for you.

7%e King #/" Scotland to ^uee?i Elizabeth.

Madame and deareft Sifter ',

N tymes of ftyaitts true friends are beft tryed, now me-
rith he thanks of you and your country, who knowith him-
fe.if a friend to your countrey and eftate, and fo to this tyme
mud: moue me to utter mv zeale to the religion and how neire
a kinfeman and neighbor I fond my felf to you and your coun-
try. For this effect then have I fend you this prefent, hereby
to offer unto you my forces, my perfonne, and all that I may
command to be imployed againft your ftrangers in what fac'on
and by whatfoever means as may beft ftrive for the defenfe of
your country, wherein I promeis to behave my felf not as a
lira:". gear and forrein prince but as your natural! fone and com-
patriotc ui vour con trey in al refpecties Now Madame to con-
clude, as on the one parte I muft hartilie thanke vou for your
honourable begvnins; bv your Ambaffidores in offers for my
tati>fii6lionn, io on the other parte I pray vou to fend prefentlie

U u u ?, down

524. A COLLECTION

doun comifiioneires for the perfyting of the fame, while 1
proteft I defire not for that I walde have the rewarde of any
deferts bat only that I with Honor, and all my gud fubjectis
with a fervent gud wile may Imbrace this your godly and honelt
caufe, wheirby your adverfaries may have ado, not with Eng-
land but with the whole Yle of Britayne. Thus praying you
to difpofe all your matters with all poflible fpeid and wifhing
you a fuccefs conveniente to thofe that are invadid by Goddis
profefTed ennemies, I commit, Madame and deareft Sifter,
your perfonne eftate and country to the Miffed protectionn of the
Almightye. From Edinburt the fourt of Auguji 1588.

Your mojl Loving and affectionate
Brother and Cufmg, as tyme Jhall
now trye.

JAMES R.

A Lette? % from the French King to Lord Suflex,
from the Original in his own Hand.

MO N coufm en voyent ce Jentilhome trouuer la Royne
voftre meftreffe ce bien voulu vous efcryre ce mot
pour vous remerfier de tant de bons cihces que vous maues
faits aupres de la Royne, ie vous prie de continuer et de vous
afurez que vous ne fauries iamies parler en faueur de prinfe
du monde que 1'onnore plus que moy ne que afFe&ione fon
contantement plus que ie ferai toute ma vye, ie vous prie me
mender de fes nouuelles, et me tenes touiours en fa bonne
graffe et en reconpanfe vous feres eftat de moy coume du me-
lieur de vous amis prien dieu mon coufin vous a voyr en fa
iinte garde D'Engiers fe xxviii feurier

Vos tre bkn coufm

FRANCOTS.

Lady

^/LETTERS. 525

Lady Stafford to Mr, Secretary Cromwell,

M After Sekrytory after my pour recommandafshyons which
ys fmally to be regardyd oft me that ame a pour ba-
nyilid kreatur Thys mall be to d-_fyre you to be goode to my
pour houfbande and to "me. I am feur yt ys nat oneknone to
you the Hy dyfplerTure that bothe he and I have bothe of the
Kyngs Hynes and the Quens Gras by the rcffon of our maryagge
wytheout thayr Knollyge wheryn we bothe doe, yeid our ielfs
faulty and doe knollyge that we dyd nat welle to be fo hafly
nor fo bold wytheout thayr Knollyge. But wone thyng good
matter fekretory confedar that he was younge ; and love ovar-
came reflbne, and for my part I faw fo myche oncfty yn hym
that I loyd hyme as well as he dyd me and was yn bondaggc
and Glade I was to be at lybarty, fo that for my part I faw that
all the world dyd fete fo lytyll by me and he fo myche that I
thoute I could take no betar way but to take hyme and to
forfake all othar ways and lyve a pour onefte lyffe wythe hym j
and fo I doe pout no douts but we fhould, if we myht
wons be fo hapy to recouver the Kyngs Grafshyous favour
and the Quens. For well I myht a had a greater Mane of
byrth and a hyhar, but I ynfuer you I could nevar a had wone
that mould a lovyd me fo well nor a mor oncft. man, and.
byfydes that, he ys bothe come offe an aunflyent ftok, and agayn
as mete, (yeffyt was hys Graifys plefaur,) to doe the Ryngier-
vys as any young Jentyllmane yne hys court ; therefore good
Maftar Sekretory thys (hall be my fute to you that for the Icue
that well I kno vou doe ber to all mv bloude, tho' for niv
part I have nat defarvyd yt but fmally bye the redone uf mv
vylle condafshyons, as to pout my houfband to the Kyngs gras
that he may doe hys duty as all outhar Jentyllmene doe, and
good Mafiar Sekretory fue for us to the Kyngs Hynes and
bemych his Hynes whyche ever was wount to take pety, to
have pcty one ous and that yt woull pies hys Gras of his
^oodines to fpeke to the Qwens Gras for ous ; for as far as I

526 A COLLECTION

cane parfayvc har Gras ys fo Hyly dyfplefTed wyth ous both
that wythoute the Kyng be fo Good Lord to ous as to wythe-
draw hys reguor and fue for ous we are nevar lyke to recovar
har Grafys favoor, whych ys to hevy to ber. And' feinge ther
ys no remydy, for Gods fake help ous for we have byne
now a quarter off a yer maryyd I thanke God and to late now
to call that agayn ; wherfor yt ys the more Almones to helpe.
Bout yeffe I war at my lebarty and myhte chous I ynfeure you
Maitar Sekretory for my lytvll tyme I haue tryyd fo myche
eneity to be yne hym that I had rathar beg my bred wyth
hyme thane to be the gretyft Quene kryftynd and I bylyve
veryly he ys yne the fame cas wythe me for I bylyve veryly a
would nat forfake me to be a Kyng, therfor good Mafiar Se-
kretory beyng we are fo well togethar and does ynetende to
lyve fo onefte a lyrTe, though yt be but pour, fhou part of your
goodenes to ous as well as you doe to all the worlde byfyds ; for
1 promys you ye have the name to helpe all them that hathe
nede, and amonkfi all your fuetars I dar be bolde to fay that
you have no mater more to be pytyd thane ours, and therfor
for Gods fake be good to ous for yne you ys all our trouft and
I befhveh you good Maftar Sekretory pray my Lord my fa-
thar and my Lady to be good to ous and to lete me have thayr
bleilyngs and my Houiband thayr good wyll and I wooll ne-
var defyr mor off them. Allfo I pray you defyr my Lorde of
Norfolke and my Lorde my brouthar to be good to ous, I
dar nat wryte to theme they ar fo cruel agaynit ous but yefx
wyth any payne that I could take wythe my lyfTe I myht wyne
ther good wyls I promys you ther ys no chyld lyvyng would
ventar mor than I, and fo I pray you to report by me, and
you lhali fynd my wrytyng true and yn all poynts whyche I
may pies theme vxe, I mall be redy to obay theme neryft my
Houfband, home I ame mode bound to, to whom I moil hartly
beihveh you to be good unto, whyche for my fake ys a pour
banvfshed Mane lb; an Cueft. and a Crudely cawes and beyng
that J have red yne old Bonks that fome, for aws jouft cauffys
I'javt by Kyna> andQueu; L n pardonnyd by the fuete of Good
j oi : -;--, f trouil yt lt:al! be our chans thourow your good help,

^/LETTERS. 5 2 7

to come to the fame, as knoyth the God, who fende you helthe
and harts efe. Scryblyd wyth her yll Hande, who ys your pour
humble Suytor always to Commande.

MART STAFFORD.

To the Ryght Wourfhypefutt,
and my fyngular good Frynde,
Mafiar Sekretory to the Kyngs

Hyncs thys be> S. S.

Le SERMENT que le Compte de Murray, a
Prononce pour le Government D'Efcoffe.

E Jacques Compte de Murray en la prefence de Peternel
mon Dieu, promets que durant la cource entiere de ma vie
de feruir icelluy eternal mon Dieu, a mon extreme pouvoir,
felon qu'il le requiert en fa treffainte parolle revellee et contenue
dans le Noueau et Uiel Teftaments, et fuiuant icelle parolle, et
la deue et droiete adminiftration de fes Sacremens a prefent receue
et pratiquee en- ce Roiaulme ; aufTy aboliray et feray tefte, a
toute faux religion contraire a icelle, et gouerneray le peuple
qui me'ft commis en charge, felon le uoloire et commandement
tie Dieu contenu en fa dicle Parolle, et iouxte les louables loix
ft conftitutionis recuis ence Roiaulme, nullement repugnante a
icelle parolle de l'Eternal mon Dieu, et procureray en toute ex-
tremite a 1'egliie de Dieu, et a toutes peuples Chrefliens, vraye
et partake paix, et tout le terns advenir le droiets et rentes auec-
ques tous les juftes privileges de la Couronne d'Efcoffe : Je pre-
ferveray et garderay inuiolablement fans les transfere ny aliener,
je defenderay et reprendray en tous eftats et tous degrets, les op-
preffions et toutes fortes de torts faiets en tous ingemens ; je

com-

5 28 A COLLECTION

commanderay et procureray que juftice et equite foit garder a
toutes creatures fans exception ; ainli me foit mifericordieux et a
nous le Seignor et Pere de toute mercie et des mes fouverains
Seignoirs paix et Empire : Je m'eftudiray d'extirper tous Here-
tiques et ennemis du vray feruice de Dieu, apres eftre conuaincus
par la fidele Eglife de Dieu, des diets crimes. Toutes les chofes
deflus diets j'affirme par mon Sermente fotennel,

Apres il mit fa main for la Bible aveques inclination

de fin Corpus, puis Jut Chant ee le Pfaume 72.

The Names of the A B B I E S whofe Abbots were
of the Houfe of Peeres.

T. Albans,

1 Q

2 ^^ St. Mary Abington,

3 St. Aufiin of Canterbury,

4 St. Martins of Bat tell,

5 St. Omrald of Bardeney,

6 St. 'John of Colchejler,

7 St. Guthlacus of Cropland,
$ St. Mary of Euejham,
9 St. Mary York,

10 St. Edmunds- Bury,

1 1
12

J 3

35
16

l 9

St.

Mary, Glaftonbury,

Peter, Glocefter,

Peter and Paid of Hide,

Bennet of Hulme,

Comit. Hartford.
Comit. Berks.
Comit. Cantij.
Comit. Suffex.
Comit. Lincoln.

- Comit. Effex.

- Comit. Lincoln.
Comit. Wigom.

Comit. Ebor.

- Comit. Suffolk.
Comit. Sommerfet.

Comit. Gloce/lerfire.
Comit. Hampfire.

Comti. Norfolk.

Aldelmus, Malfbury, Comit. Wilts.

Peterborough, Comit. Northampton.

James, Reading, Comit. Berks.

Mary and St. Bennet, Ramfey, Comit. Huntingdon.

St. Peter and Paul, Shrewfbury, Comit. Salop.

20 St,

^LETTERS. 529

eo St. Germans, Selby, Comit. Ebor.

21 St. Mary, Taveftock, Comit. Devon.

22 St. Mary, Thorney, Comit. Cambridge.

23 St. Peters, Weftminfter, Comit. Middlefex.

24 St. Mary, Winchcomb, Comit. Glocejier.

The Priour of Cmientrec was of the Lords Houfe, St. Mary

of Couentree.

Profeffor SAUNDERSON\ Leftures on

SOUND.

SOUND is an Undulation of the Air, which agitates the
Tympanum of the Ear ; by which means a Motion is com-
municated to the Air contain'd in that Organ, which by excit-
ing a Vibration in the auditory Nerve, raifes in the Mind an
Idea of Sound.

The Medium of Sounds is common Air, and not as fome
have imagined, a fubtile Fluid : That this is true, may be learn-
ed from Experiments. If a Ball be put into a Receiver and con-
tinually fhook, as the Air is exhaufting, the Sound con-
tinually decreafes, and at laft becomes fcarce audible, and vice
verfd. In condenfed Air, the Sound increafes according as the
Degrees of Condenfation ; that this is confonant to Reafon will
appear by attending to the Nature of Motion, which is com-
municated to all Parts of a Confiftent fooner than a Fluid Body.
Suppofe a Stick ftruck at one End, and Motion is immediately
communicated to the other End ; but fuppofe the Stick reduced
to a Fluid or Column of Water, the Motion would not be pro-
pagated to all its Parts fo foon.

Sir Ifaac Newton, calculated that Sound ought to move 960
Feet in a Second, where theAir is ferene and free from all hetero-
geneous Matter : But when thick and foggy, it ought to move
1 142 Feet in a Second, the Air then having more iblid Particles
in it ; which Calculation, confidering the Difficulty of the

X x x Thing,

53 o ^COLLECTION

Thing,agrees pretty well with the Experiments made by Dereham,
MaJ/enuSy and others. Befides, were there no folid Particles in
the Air, it could not be capable of Rarefaction, orCondenfation,
without which as we mall prefently mew, no Sound could be
propagated, which we thus prove.

TheAir's Elafticity or Springs depends upon a certain repellent
Force, inherent in each of its Particles, whereby they never
touch one another, but conftantly endeavour to keep one another
at as great a Diftance as pomble. Hence we fee that the Force
by which the Particles of Air fly from one another, encreafes in
the fame ratio, as the Diftance betwixt the Centers of thefe
Particles decreafe, i, e. that Force is inverfely as their Diftance.
Now it is plain, that fuch Particles as the Cartefians compofe
the fubtile Matter of, can't be endowed with fuch repellent
Forces, becaufe ex Hipotheji, there can be no Interfaces in that
Matter, without which there can be no Rarefaction or Conden-
fation, flnce the one confifts in the Enlargement of the Interfaces
between Particle and Particle ; the other, namely Condenfation,
in diminifhing and crowding feveral Particles into a lefs Space
than ufual : Hence we may fee how folid Particles help the
Propagation of Sounds.

In explaining the Propagation of Sounds, we muft premife
that every Body when ftruck, endeavours to dilate itfelf every
way, which we prove from Experiments. Let an Anvil be
ftuck full of Peas on the Top and Sides, by a little Wax, as
foon as it is ftruck with the Hammer, the Peas will fly off in
all Difections. Again, fuppofe a Sphere of Water thrown a-
gainft a Wall, 'twill indeed endeavour to dilate itfelf, as the
watry Sphere did, but the Particles of Matter cohering, l. e.
attracting one another with a Force great enough to overcome
the iclns impingcnSy will prefently contract itfelf again, becaufe
the Shock was not great enough to remove the Parts but of
each other's Sphere of Attraction j when the Cohefion of the
Parts is not able to overcome the Shock imping'd upon it, the
Body is faid to be broken ; when after the Shock a few of its
Parts are driven from their Places the Body is faid to be bruifed.

i In

of L E T T E R S. S3I

In order to explain the Manner how Sound is propagated,
we muft again have recourfe to our Anvil. As the Anvil by di-
lating itfelf throws off the Peas, fo it alfo throws off the Air in
all Directions, and for fome Time makes a Vacuum about it :
But the Air driven from its ufual Limits into a narrower Place,
by the Reftitution of it9 Spring, not only returns to its former
State, but by the Motion its Particles have acquired, does as it
were with a rebounding Force dilate itfelf again j after which
fecond Dilatation it entirely reits in its former State, and the Air
is compreffed toward other Parts, which alfo dilating itfelf as
before, compreffes the Air round about that, and foon this Agi-
tation of the Air is analogous to the Motion of a Wave on the
Surface of the Water, but with this Difference, viz. as the
Waves expand themfelves circularly upon the Surface of the
Water ; the undulatory Motion of the Air is like that of a Sphere
expanding itfelf into all Directions, and with this Addition,
whereas the Waves of Water keep continually driving forwards,
without ever returning to their former Pofition. On the con-
trary, fleeting Particles of Air in their going backward and for-
ward, fomething refemble a vibrating Pendulum, and would
entirely agree with the Action of it, if after two Vibrations, i. e.
once going backward and forward, the Action of Gravity fhould
ceafe as in the Air j after the going and returning of a Particle,
the Action of Elafticity on that Particle ceafes j each Contraction
and Dilation of a Sounding Bodv is called a Vibration, from
the Analogy it bears to the Swing of a Pendulum. The Im-
petus which fuch a Vibration in the Air makes is called Pulfe.
The Number of Pulfes propagated is always the fame with the
Number of Vibrations of the tremulous Body, and are not any
Means multiplied as they go from it. The Reafon of which
may be ealily (c^n by attending to what has been faid concern-
ing the Origin of Sounds. When a Body gives but one Vibra-
tion, the Sound is faid to be Initantaneous. The Sound ari-
iine from manv Vibrations, is called a continued Sound. It is
probable no Sound is initantaneous, but continued, though the
Jntter Vibrations may be fo fmall as not to propagate any fenfible
Pulfes. Concerning thefe Vibrations we mult further obferve

X x x 2 that

532 A COLLECTION

that they muft be performed with a Velocity greater than that
which the Air flows in, to fill a Vacuum, otherwife no Con-
denfation of the Air will follow : Hence, we fee that any
Thing moved to and fro, flowly in the Air, caufes no Noife,
becaufe the Air is at full Liberty to fucceed into all Parts of
Space relinquifh'd by that Body.

THE Velocity with which SOUNDS are propagated.

All Sounds, whether great or fmall, are propagated with
the fame Degree of Velocity j which may be proved by feveral
Experiments. Let feveral Sorts of Pieces be difcharged at a
Diftance, and by means of a good Pendulum Clock, the Sound
of the fmalleft will be found to move with the fame Velocity
as the greater!:. The fame may be faid of a Ring of Bells,
whofe Sounds are heard at a Diftance, exactly in the fame Order
as they are rung ; whereas, if the Sound of the great Bell moved
fatter than the little one, they would be heard in an inverted
Order : We find alfo, that Echoes reflect a fmall Sound, in the
fame Time they do a greater. What we have proved by Ex-
periments, may in fome Meafure be conceiv'd confonant to
Reafon, by confidering, that fince in this Cafe there is no pro-
grefiive Motion required, there is no Reafon why the ftrongeft
Vibrations fhould perform their Pulfes with the greater Velocity.
Hence it will follow that the Motion of all Sounds is uniform,
i. e. at leaft they move as fait ; which is alfo confirmed by Ex-
periments. If a Perfon hears a Gun let off, firfr. at two Miles
from him, then at one, in the latter Cafe the Sound will move
to him jufl twice as foon as in the former. To this fome object,
that if the Velocity of Sounds is as great at firft as at laft, thev
ought to move on ad infinitum. But 'tis anfwered, We muft
diitinguim between the Velocity and the Momentum of Sounds,
though a Sound moves with the fame Velocity at laft as at firit ;
yet it does not move with the fame Momentum. For that Quan-
tity of Motion which was at firft communicated to a Globe of
Air, of a very fmall Radius, is prefently communicated to feve-
ral Spheres of Air, whofe Radii continually increafe, till at laft

2 it

^/LETTERS. 533

it comes to be applied to a Quantity of Air, fo great as not to
be put out of its Place by it. This Diffufion of Sound, from
a fonorous Body is analogous to the Radiation of Light from its
Centre. The Velocity of Sounds is to be determined by Ex-
periments : Let a Gun be fired off in a Dark Night, from an
Eminence, and let a Perfon at any determinate Diftance, obferve
how long the Flafh precedes the Sound. It may alfo be done by
the Motion of Echoes, by obferving how long the Repetition is
heard after the Sound, half that Time will be the Velocity with
which the Sound moved to the reflecting Body. From feveral
Experiments of this kind it appears that the Motion, /. e. the
mean Motion of Sound in our Latitude is noo of Feet in a
Second of Time. In high Winds Sounds moving with the
fame Velocity, are heard confiderably louder than at other
Times ; whence fome think that the Winds contribute much
to their Velocities ; to their Momenta indeed they do contri-
bute fomething, but to their Velocity little, they increaie the
Momentums of Sounds by cauiing the Contractions and Dila-
tations to be performed with greater Force. But we have proved
that the Momentums of Sounds have no Effect upon the Ve-
locity's, fo as to increafe or diminifh it. The Reafon why
Sounds are heard fometimes louder, fometimcs fainter in windy
Weather, is owing to the floating Condition the Air is in at that
Time, it being in fome Places very denfe, in others very ya:c :
Denfe, where the Wind blows, and confequently rare in all
other Places. Where the Air is denied, there the Sound
moves quickeit, as above, (2 ) and 'tis found by Experi-
ments, that Sounds are carried fafter, though it be a little in
windy Weather ; and that Sounds are carried alio with greater
Velocity, though very little fecundo vento, or with the Wind
then for it ; and that the Velocity of Sounds is a little diminimed
adverfo r ve)ito, or the Wind being again it it, therefore Sounds
are not carried ficundo vento, but ftrongefl and confe-
quently farther ; but here we muft obferve, that when we
lay Winds have no Effect upon the Motion of Sounds, fo a
cither to accelerate or retard them, we mean, that Winds uo

not

534 ^ COLLECTION

not caufe the Contractions or Dilatations of the Medium to be
performed quicker than at other Times, only as they occafion
the Deniity, and confequently the ElafKcity of the Air to be
increafed. 'Tis true indeed, when Winds ftand fair, Sound
arrives (as Derham obferves) fooner to any particular Place, and
later when contrary. But this is not occafioned by any Contrac-
tions or Dilatations of the Air being performed quicker fecundo
e oento, and ilower in adverfo j but by the contracted and dilated
Mediums being moved towards you in the former Cafe, and
from you in the latter. From what we have faid concerning
the Origin and direct Propagation of Sounds it will not be dif-
ficult to explain,

The Augmentation and Reflexion o/SOUNDS,

WH E N a Pulfe of Air meets with any Impediment, the
Reaction of that Impediment forces it back again ; for that
Part of the Air which was moft contracted, not having room
to dilate itfelf forwards, will confequently dilate itfelf back-
wards. And after that all the Contractions and Dilations mull:
be performed backward as they were forward. Such a Re-
flexion of Sound is called an Echo.

If one ftand near the reflecting Body, and the Sound be
not far oflf, though an Echo be produced, yet it can't be heard,
becaufe the direct and reflex Sound enters the Ear almoft at the
fame time, but then the Sound appears to be ftronger and lafts
longer, efpecially when the Reflexion is made from diverfe
Bodies at once, as from Arches and vaulted Roofs. And pro-
bably it may be deduced, why concave Bodies are, ceteris pari-
bus, fitteft to produce great and clear Sound, fuch as Bells,
&c. for in fuch Bodies Sound is reflected very fvviftly and verv
often from Side to Side, and from one part of the Cavity to
the other, and the Bell hanging at liberty, this produces great
Tremblings and Shakings of the whole Body which occasions
the Sound to continue till they ceafe and are quiet. The Phe-
nomenon

^/LETTERS. 535

nomenon of the Speaking-Trumpet docs not arife from any
Augmentation of the Sound, but is occaiioned by the Sides of
the Tube, being fo contrived as to hinder the fpreading of the
Sound as much as may be. For, as we have laid, the reafon
of Sound's growing weak, is becaufe it dilates itfelf into all
manner of Directions. We mall conclude our Treatife of
Aconfticks with the feveral Modifications of Sound ex-
plain'd.

A Tone or Mufical Note is caufed when the founding
Body vibrates uniformly ; a Noife or common Sound is occa-
iioned when fome Parts of the Body vibrates fatter than others :
A Bell itfelf, were it not of an uniform Thicknefs, would not
found mufically but confufedly ; grave and denfe Sounds dif-
fer only in their Vibrations ; when the fonorous Body vibrates
quick, it gives an acute Sound ; when flow, a grave or dull
one. Thus two Strings of equal length but different Tenfons
will give different Sounds, the tighter!: founding an acute, the
ilackeft a grewe.

Sympathy of Mufick is that Power which one Body has
when itruck, of making another Body (that is at union to it)
found. Two Bodies are faid to be at union when they perform
their Vibrations at the fame time, /. e. have one and the fame
Tone. Thus if the third or fourth String of a Violin which
is in the Hand be ftruck, they will make a third or fourth
String of a Violin which lies upon the Table found, if they
are at union with one another, which we account for by this
Lemma. If you time your Pull to the String of a Bell, you
you may eafily raife it to any height, but if you don't, you']]
take away as much Motion at one Pull as you gave it another
You'll caufe the other to founds becaufe the Vibrations of the
firft String don't only begin, but continue the Vibration of the
other String till it be heard.

The Sympathy of Sounds gives Rife to a very odd Pheno-
menon, ivsj. the Breaking; of a Glafs bv an intenfe Sound that
is at Union to it : For the Vibrations of the Air affecting the
Glafs now, as before they did the Strings of the Viciin upon

luv.

53 6 ^COLLECTION

the Table. If a Perfon has a good Voice and Judgment to
fuit his Voice to the Note of the Glafs, he may, by fwelling the
Sound, crack it j the Vibrations of the Air which he caufes
being ftrong enough not only to make the Glafs vibrate, but
alio to fhake the Parts of the Sphere of each other's Attraction ;
or in other words, to break it j as the Bell is overthrown by
pulling long. If the Vibrations of two Bodies be as one to
two, this Confonance is called Octave or Diaphazon : If as two
to three, /. e. if the fecond Vibration of one Body always agrees
with the third of another, this Confonance is called a fifth or
Diapente. Vibrations which are as three to four give a Con-
fonance which is called a fourth or Diateflbron. Diftonus is
when the Returns of Air are as four to five. Sequiclitonus 3
when the fifth Vibration agrees with the fixth of another.

?/ LETTERS, 537

A Letter from the Emperor to his General.

Dear Scocndi,

1 Received your Letter, and took in good Part your Chriftian and
Frundly Condolence for my late Sicknefs. The eternal God, in
whole Hands are all Things, do with me according to his Will.
I blels him for every Thing that befals me. He only
knows beft what is healthful and profitable, and what is hurtful
tome. I do patiently and cheat fully acquiefce in his divine Plea-
fure : And indeed Matters go fo in this World, that a Man
can have little Pieaftire or Quiet in them ; for every where there
is nothing to be found bat Trouble, Treachery and foul Dealing.
God pity us and deliver his Church from thefe Miichiefs.

It weie no Wonder, if from fuch a Profpecl of Affairs, a Man
become ftupid or mad j of which I could fay much to you. I
begin to recover, and am now fo ft rong that I walk about with a
Stick, God be bleffed in all his Works.

For that ftrange Thing which the French have lately acted,
moil: tyrannically againft the Admiral and his Friend, I am far
from approving it ; and it was a great Grief to me, to hear that my
Son-in-Law had been perfuaded to that vile Maffacree ; though I
know that others reign rather than he, yet that is not fufEcient
to excufe him, nor to palliate fuch a Wickednefs. I would to God
he had afked my Advice, I mould have given him faithful and fa-
therly Council, and he fhould never have had my Confent to this
Crime, which has caft fuch a Blemifh on him, that he will never
wad i it off.

God forgive them that lie under fuch Guilt, I apprehend within
a little while they (hall perceive what they have gained by this
Method. For indeed, as you obferve well, the Matters of Reli-
gion are not to be handled or decided by the Sword, a..d no Man
can think otherwife, that is either pious or honeft, or defirous of
Public- Peace and Happinefs j far otherwife did Chrift teach, and
his Apoilles inlfruct us. Their Sword wa<= their Tongue, their
Doctrine, the Word of God, and a Life worthy of Chrijl.
Their Example fhould draw us to follow them fo far ^ they were
Followers of Chrift

X x x Befides

538 A COLLECTION

Befides, that mad Sort of People might have feen after fo many
Years Trials, and (o many Experiments, that by their Cruel-
ty, Punifhment, Slaughter, and Burning, this Bufinefs cannot be
effected. In a Word,

Their Ways do not at all pleafe me, nor can I ever be induced
to approve them; unlefs I fhould become mad or diffracted, which
I pray God eurneftly, to preierve me from.

And yet 1 fhall not conceal from you, that feme impudent and
lying Knaves have given out, that whatever the French have done,
was by my Knowledge and Approbation: in this I appeal to God,
who knows how deeply I am injured by it; but ft ch Lies and
Culumnics are no new Things to me, I have been ottentimes
forced to bear them formerly; and in all fuch Cafes 1 commit my-
felf to God, who knows, in his own good Time, how to clear
me, and vindicate my Innocence.

As for the Netherlands, I can as little approve of the Exceffes
committed there; and I do well remember how often I wrote to
the King of Spain Advices far different from thefe they have fol-
lowed. But what (hall I fay :

The Counfels of the Spaniards relifhed better than mine ; but
they now begin to fee their En or; and they themfelves have oc-
cafioned ali the Mifchief that hath fmce followed. I had a good
End before me, that the noble and renowned Province might not
be fo miferably deffroyed, though they would not follow my
Counfel, fo that I may well be excufed from meddling any more ;
yet I do not give over, but am fincerely preffing them, all I can,
to follow another Method.

God grant 1 may fee the wifhed-for Effect of the Endeavour,
and that Men may be at lafl fatisfied with what they have done,
and may ufe no more fuch violent Remedies. In a Word, let the
Spaniards or the French do what they will, they lhall be made to
give an Account of their Actions to God the righteous and the
juft.

1 am, &c.

N. B. No Name nor Date.

(/LETTERS, 539

An artful Letter from Pope Gregory XV. to
Charles Steward, Prince of Wales, and fine e King
0/* England, during the Time of his being in Spain:
Taken out of the Hiflory of England, at the Pages
1 162, 1 163, i\t>\> Written by the Sieur An-
drew du Chefne ; being the Third Edition^ printed
at Paris, in the Year 1641, by William Loyfon
at the Palace in the Middle of the Prifoners Gallery ;
and which is alfo to be met with in the French Mer-
cury of the Year 1623, when this Letter was
written.

Mo/} Noble Prince,

AFTbR wifhing you all imaginable Health, and the Illumina-
tion of God's Divine Grace, We give you to Underftand,
1 hat whereas Great Britain has always abounded in Vir-
tues, and in Perfons of lingular Merit and Eiteem, and confequently
filled both Worlds with the Glory - f iis Renown ; lo (lie has alfo
very frequently exacted the Confideration and Commendation of
the Apoliolick See. A'kI indeed the Holy Church was but yet in
in its Infancy, when the King of Kings pitched upon it for the
Portion of his Inheritance, and which he did with to great Zeal
and Affection, that fcarce the Roman Eagles got polTefiion of it
before the Crofs: And we may withal oblerve, that many of its
Kings like wile, being inflructed in the fureh: Means of their Sal-
vation, have all along preferred the Holy Crofs to the Regal Scep-
ter, and the Doctrine of Religion, either to Ambition or Co-
vetoufnefs, tranfmitting .hereby Examples of Piety both to foreign
Nations and Pofterity : So that having fufficiently merited in Hea-
ven, the Privileges and Pre-eminences of Beatitude, they have alfo
obtained on Earth the Triumphal Ornaments of never-dying

X x x a Sandtitv.

540 ^ COLLECTION

Sanctity. And now although the Church or England, has for Tome
Time, been borne and feparated fioin the true Catholic Faith, yet
at the lame Time \e perceive the Court of G* rat Britain adorned
and embelli Hied win ib many moral Virtues, that we cannot but be
encouraged in our Love towards her* and mould acknowldge her
as one of thechiefeft Ornaments of rhe Chriftian Name, provided (lie
were but qualified, and influenced with the orthodox, and univerfai
Truth. For which Reaf m, and fo much the rather, as we have
the deepeft Senie of, and the fincereft Refpecl for, the Glory of
your mod: ferene Father, and your own great natural Abilities, io we
heartily and paffionately defire that the Gates of Heaven may be let
open to you, and the Tenets of the true Church be received by you.
Moreover, whereas Gregory the Great, our glorious PredeceiTor of
moft pious Memory, fir it taught the People of your Nation to obey
the Law of the Gofpel, and to fubmit to the Apoftolic Authority,
fo we (though inferior to him, both in Piety and Virtue ye of
the fame Name and Dignity with him, do think it but reaibnable,
that we follow his holy Steps,, and endeavour to procure the Salvation
of your Country; efpecially at this Juncture, when your happy
Intentions, moft noble Prince, have raited in us Hopes of a fuccefs-
ful Event. Therefore as you are at prefent of the Court of the
moft Catholic King, with Inclinations to make an Alliance with
the Houfe of Auftria, wc cannot but extreamly commend your
Defign ; and the rather, by reafon that we are Jatisfied that your
principal End in it is, the promoting the Advantage of our iupreme
Prelacy and Dignity: For fince you feem fb earneftly to defire the
Infanta of Spain in Marriage, we may eafily infer that in all Pro-
bability that the antient Seeds of Chriftian Piety, which have for-
merly flourished fo profperonfly in the Hearts of the Kings of
Great Britain, may revive and recover their priftine Glory in you,
and we cannot think that he who profelTes fo fincere an Efteem
for fuch an Alliance, fliould bean Enemy to the Catholic Religion,
or be ever inclined to moleft the Holy See. In Purluance whereof
we have commanded continual and moft humble Orations, to be
put up to the Father of Mercies that it would pleafe his divine Good-
nefs toeftabliih you, as the blooming Flower of Chriftendom, and
the fole Hopes of Great Britain, in the Throne of your noble A n-
ceftjrs, who for the moft Part, have all made it their chiefeit Bufi-

nefs

c/ LETTERS, 541

ne(s to aflert the Authority of ihe Sovereign Pontificate, and to
combat the Mongers of Hcrefy, Fropofe co you rich the Models of
former Ages> infpect the Behaviour of your Fo.efathers, and they
will (hew you, what Method you are 10 ti.ke to gee the Throne of
Blifs ; and what Policy Temporal Princes have always made Uie of
to inherit an eternal Kingdom. Behold your glorious PredecefFors
enthroned above ! Who formerly, waited on by Angels, went to
Rome, to honour and do Homage to the Lord of Lords, and to the
SucceiTbrs of his holy Apoftle St. Peter. Their Works and Ex-
amples are of fo many Voices, whereby God exhorts you to imi-
tate their Lives, to whole Empire you (hall one Day arrive. Is it
poffible that you can fuifer the Hereocks to profane and condemn
thole holy Men, whom the Faith of the Church enjoin us to
believe, to reign above the Clouds with Jr/hs Cbrift ; and to have
Command and Authority over all the Principalities and potentates
of the Earth ? See thele bleffed Saints flretch out their Arms to
conduct you fate to the Court of this mod Catholic King j and be-
hold with what Ardour they defire to lead you to the Boiom of
the Mother-Church ; that Church which is often fuppliar.t with
inexprt-illble Agonies, before the Throne of almighty Wiidom,
for your Reformation and Safety, and which even now tenders its
Apoftoiic Charity, with all imaginable Chriftian Affection, to
receive you to herfelf : You, that are her darling Son : You, that
are her moil delated, though hitherto her too miiguided Offspring!
Certainly you can never be more obliging to the Chriftian State,
than to put the Prince of Apoftles into the Pofleffion of your
moil noble Ifland, which has almoff, all along hitherto approved
itfelf the moll potent Arbiter both of Church and State. The
moft glorious Work will the eafier be effected, if you fir ft mew an
Example, by opening to God that knocks at the Door of your
Heart, and wherein confiil the ablblute Huppinefs and Salvation of
this Kingdom. 1 his to great Chanty, occaiions us to defire that
you, and your moil ferene Father, ihould be qualified with the
glorious Tides of Deliverers, and Reftorers of the ancient and paternal
Religion of Great Britain, which we hope may be fpeediiy effec-
ted, by Means of the great Power and Goodnels of God, in wnofe
Huius the Hearts of Kings are, and who caufes the People of the
Earth to receive Relief, and which we (hall always be ready to fa-
vour

542 ^ COLLECTION

vour and encourage to the utmoft ot our Power: In the mean time,
be plealed to underftand by he Contents of i his Letter, that for our
Parts we will omit nothing T hat may any wile tend to procure your
Happinefs ; and that we mall never repent of having writ it, if it
may be but fo efficacious, as to raife the leaft Spark or the Catholic
Faih in your Breait, whole Benefit we fo much defire, and to
whom we wifh long Life, and an endlef, Encreafe of ail Chaiftian
Vi'tues. Given at Rome, in the Palace of Si. Peter the 20th Day
of April, 16^3, and in the third Tear of our Pontificate.

This Letter was delivered to the laid Prince by the Pope's
Nuncio, accompanied by all the Italian Lords, who were
then at the Court of Spain.

N. B. It is faid the Prince returned an Anfwer, but I never
faw it.

A Copy of his * Royal Highnefs, his Letter to Le
Chaife, about the Time Mr. Coleman wrote his long
Letter , 1675.

TH E fecond of June laft pad, his moil Chriftian Majtfty
offered me moil generoufly his Friendship, and the Uie of
his Purfe to Ailiftance, againfl the Dcfigns of my Enemies and his,
and protected unto me, that his Intercft and mine were fo clearly
linked together, that thofe that oppofed the one, mould be looked
uroj as Enemies to the other; and told me moreover, his Opinion
of my Lord Arlington^ and the Parliament; which is, that he is
of Opinion that neither the one nor the other is in his In tcref I or
mine ; and theieupon he defired me to make fuch Proportions, as
I mould think fit in this Conjuncture.

All was tranlacled by the Means of Father Ferrier, who made
Ufe of Sir William Frog?norton 7 who is an honeft Man and of

Truth >
* Afterwards James II.

of LETTERS. 543

Truth ; who was then at Paris, and held Correfpondence with
Coleman, one of my Family in whom I have great Confidence *.

I was much (atisfied to lee his moft Chriftian Majelly altogether
of my Opinion, fo 1 made him Anfwer the 29th or June, by the
lame Means he had made Ufe of to write to me, that is by Coleman,
whoaddrefled himfelf to Father Ferrier (by the foremen tioned
Knight) and entirely agreed to his molt Chriftian Majefty j a^ well
to what had Refpect to rhe Union of our Intereli, as the Unufe-
fulncfs of my Lord Arlington and the Parliament, in order to the
Service of the King my Brother, and his moil Chriftian Majefty,
and that it was neceffay to make Uie of our joint, and utmoft Cre-
dits to prevent the Succefs of thoie evil Defigns refolved on bv the
Lord A' ling! on ai.d the Parliament, againft his moft Cnridian Ma-
iefty and myielf ; which of my Side I promile really to perform 3 of
which, fmce that Time, have given realonable good Proof.

Moreover I made feme Propofals, which I thought neceflary to
bring to pffs, what we were obliged to undertake ; alluring him
that nothing could fo firmly eikblifh our Intereft with the Kin-*
mv Bi other, as the very lame Offer of the Help of his Purle, by
which Means I had much Realon to hope ] mould be enabled to
perluade to the DuTblution, diffolving of the Parliament, and
to make void the Defignsof my Lord Arlington, who woiks in-
ctftmtly to advance the Interelt of die Piince of Orange and the
Hollander S) andtoleffen that of the King your Mafter, notwith-
ftanding all the Proteftations he hath made to this Hour, to render
him Service.

But as that which was propofed was at a Stand by Reafon of the
Sicknefs of Father Ferrier. foour Affairs iucceeded not accoidino to
our Deligns, only Father Ferrier wrote to me the 15.fi of Lft
Month, that lie had communicated thofe Proposition' to his moll
Chriltian Majefty, and that they had been very well liked of,
but as they contained Things that had Regard to the Catholic Re-
ligion, and to the Orier and Ufe of his Purie, he gave me 'ounder-
ftand he uid not delire I mould treat widi Monfieur Ravi^/i) upon
the firft, but as to the lalf , and at the fame time acq aintf-.. uie>
that Monfieur Ravrgny, had Orders to grant me, whatibever the
Conjuncture of our Affairs did require j and have exptaed the Lf-

kds

* And afterwards fuffered him to be hanged.

544. A COLLECTION

feels of it to this v. ry Hour, but nothing being done in it, and
feeing on the other Hand that my Lord Arlington and feveral o-
thers, endeavoured by a thoufand Deceits to break the good In-
telligence which is between [he King my Brother, his molt Chriltian
JVlajefty and my(elf } to the End they might deceive us all three ;
1 have thought tit to advernfe you of all that ispaft, and deiire of

you your Atiiftanceand Friendship to prevent the R y of

thole who have no other Delign than to betray tlie Concerns of
France and Eng'ana alfo, and who by their pretended Service are
the Occafion they fucceed not.

As to any thing more, I refer you to Sir William Frogmorton,
and Coleman, who I have commanded to give an Account of the
whole State of our Affairs, and of the true Condition of England,
wkhmany others, and principally my Lord Arlington % Endeavours
to repiefent to you quite otherwise than it is. The two firfl I
mentioned to you are firm to my Intereft, fo that you may treat with
them without any Apprehenfion.

An Anfwer of the Reverend Father La Chaife, Con-

fejfor to the moji Chriflian King, to a Letter of the

Reverend Father Petres, Great Almoner to the King

of England, upoji the Method he muft obferve for the

Converfion of his P rot eft ant SubjeSls*

Mofi Rpvere?:d Father ,

WHEN I compare the Method of the Fre??cbJ2ourt 9
(which declares again ft all Herefies) with the Policy of
other Princes who had the lame Defign in former AgLir^ 1 find fo
great a Difference that all which paffes now-a-days in the Kind's
Council is an impenetrable Miftery, and the Eyes of all Europe are
opened to iee what happens, but cannot difcover the Caules.

When Francis I. and Henry II. undertook to ruin the Refor-
mation they had to ftruggle with a Party which was but begin-
ing and weak, and deftitute of Help, and confequently eafy to be
overcome.

of Letters. 54 -

In the Time of Francis II. and Charles IX. a Family was feen
advanced to the Throne, by the Ruin of the Protectants, who were
of the Houfe of Bourbon.

In this laft Reign many MaiTacres happened, and feveral Million*?
of Hereticks have been facrificed, but it anfwered otherways ; and
his Majefty has (hewed, by the Peace and mild Ways he uied, that
he abhors fhedding of Blood, of which you muft perfuade his
Britannick Majefty, who naturally is inclined to Roughnefs, and a
Kind of Boldnefs which will make him hazard all, if he doth not
politically manage it, as I hinted in my laft, when I mentioned
my Lord Chancellor.

Moft Reverend Father, to fatisfy the Defire I have to (hew you
by my Letters the Choice you ought to make offuch Perfons, as
are fit to carry on and further our Defigns, I will in a few Words,
(fince you defire it inform you of the Genius of the People of our
Court, of their Inclinations, and which of them we make Ufa of ;
that by a Parallel, which you muft make between them and your
Engli/h Lords, you may learn to know them and manage them
accordingly.

Therefore I fhall begin with the chief of them, I mean our great
Monarch j it is certain, he is naturally good, and loves not to do
Evil except defired. This being fo, I may fay he would never have
undertaken the Converfion of his Subjects, without the Clergy of
France, and without our Society and Correfpondency abroad.
He is a clear-fighted Prince, who very well obierves, that what
we put him upon is contrary to his Intereit, and that nothing is
more oppofite to his great Deiigns and his Glory, he aiming to be
the Terror of all Europe.

The vaft Numbers of Malecontents he hath caufed in his Kin-
dom, forces him in Time of Peace to keep three Times more
Forces than his Anceftors did in the greats ft domeftick and
foreign Wars, which cannot be done without a moft prodigious
Expence,

The People's Fears alfo begin to leflen as to his afpiring to an
univerfal Monarchy, and they may allure themfelves he lias left
thofe Thoughts, nothing being more Oppofite to his Defig.is than
the Methods we enjoin him. His Candour, Bounty and Tollera-
tion to the Hereticks, would undoubtedly have opened the Doors

Y y y to

546 ^ COLLECTION

to him of the Low Countries, the Palatinate, and all other States,
on the Rhine, yea even of Switzerland ; when as Things are at
prefent fo altered, that we fee the Hollanders free from any Fear
of Danger, the Switzers and City of Geneva refolved to lofe the
lad Drop of their Blood in their own Defence j befides fome Di-
verlion we may exped from the Empire, in Cafe we cannot hinder
a Peace with the Turks, which ought to haften the Undertakings
of his Britannick Majefty, whilft he can be aftured of Succours
from the moil Chriftian King.

His Majefty's Brother is always the fame, I mean takes no Notice
what paffes at Court. It has fometimes happened that King's-
Brothers have acted fo as to be noted in the State ; but this we may
be afTured will never do any Thing to ftain the Glory of his Sub-
million and Obedience, being willing alfo to lend a helping Hand
for the Deft-ruction of Hereticks; which appears by the Inftances
he makes to his Majefty, who now hath promifed him to caufe
his Troops to enter into the Palatinate the next Month.

The Dauphin is paflionately given up to Hunting, and little re-
gards the Conversion of Souls, and it doth not feem eafy to make
him penetrate into Bulinefs of Moment, and therefore we do not
care to confult him, which Way and how the Hereticks ought to,
be treated ; he openly laughs at us, and flights the Deligns, of
which the King his Father makes great Account.

The Dauphinefi is extreamly witty, and is without doubt un-
eafy to fhew it in other Matters ; befides the Compliments of Con-
verfation, fhe has given me a Letter for the Queen of England,.
wherein, after her expreffing of the Part (lie takes in the News of her
Majefty's being with Child, the gives her feveral Advices about the
Converlion of her Subjects.

Moft Reverend Father, me is undoubtedly born a great Enemy
to the Proteftants, and hath promoted as much as in her lay, all
that hath been done to haften their Ruins ; efpecially having been
bred in a Court of oar Society, and come of aHouie whole Hatred
againlt the Proteftant Religion is hereditary, as having been raifed
by the Ruins of the German Proteftant Princes, efpecially that of
the Palatinate ; and the King having caufed her to come to furnifh
Heirs to theC:own x fheanlwered Expectation to the utmoft.

Monfkuc

p/ LETTERS, 547

Monfieur de Louvois is a Man who very much obfervcs his
Duty, which he performs to Admiration, and to whom we muft
acknowledge France owes Part of the Glory it hath hitherto gained,
both in Regard of its Conquefts, and the Converfion ofHcreticks;
to which latter, I may fay, he has contributed as much as the King;
he has always (hewed himfclf fierce, wrathful and hard-hearted in his
Actions towards them, though he be not naturally inclined to
Cruelty, or to harrafs People. His Brother, the Archbimop of
Reitnes, has Ways which do not much differ from thole of his Soul;
and all the Difference I find between them is, that the Aichbimop
loves his own Glory, as much as Monfieur de Louvois loves that
of the King. He is his own Idol, and give him but Incenfe and
you may obtain any Thing ; Honour is welcome to him let it come
which Way it wiil. The leaft Thing provokes the Prelate, he is
one that will not yield to any Thing derogatory to his Pofterity.
He will feem Learned and a great Divine, and loves to be thought
a good Biihop, and to have a great Care of his Diocefe, and would
heretofore be efteemed a great Preacher ; I hinted in my la ft the
Reafons why I cannot altogetherlike him, which are neediels to
repeat.

The Archbifhop of Paris is always the fame, I mean a gallant
Man, whole prelcnt Converfation is charming, and loves his Plea-
fures, but cannot bear any Thing that grieves or gives Trouble.
He is always a great Enemy of the Janlenifts, which he lately in-
timated to Cardinal Camtr. He is always with me in the Council
of vJonlcicnce, and agrees very well with our Society, laying moft-
ly to heart the Converfion of the Protectants of the three Kingdoms.
He alfo makes very good Obiervadons, and defigns to give fome Ad-
vice to your Reverence, which I fhall convey to you ; I do lome-
times impart to him what you write to me.

My Lord Ki'igiion iias emb:aced lie apod l J auy ; I was present
when he abjured in the Church of 67. Dennis 3 I w;l! give you d\z
Circumftancesfome other Time.

You promifed to fend me the Names of all the Heretick Officer::.
that are in his Mai-fty's Troops, which will be of gteat Importance
tome, and you mall not want good Latftolick Officers to nil up
their Places; I have drawn a Lift of them who are to pals into
England, and his molt Chriftian Maiefty has approved thcreoi.

Y y y 2 Prav

54 8

A COLLECTION

Pray obferve what I hinted to you in my Lft, on the Subject of
the Vitus which our Fathers mull give to the chief Lords and
Members of the next Parliament. Thofe Reverend Father .--, who
are to perform this Duty, mutt be middle-aged, of a lively Counte-
nance, and have the Art to perluade. I al'fo advifed you in Tome
of my ether Letter-, how the Bifhop of Oxford ought to behave
himleli', by writing inceflantiy, and to insinuate to the People the
taking away the Ten, and at the fame Time calm the Storm which
the Letter of Petitionary taget lias raifed And his Majefty mull
continue to make vigorous Prohibitions to all Bookfellers in London,
not to print any Antwers, as well to put a Stop to iniolent herctick
Authors, as alio to hinder the People from reading of them. In
fhort, you intimate to me, that his Majefty will follow our Advice, in
publishing a Declaration for Liberty of Confcience, and it is the
quickeft Way, and I cannot find a better or quicker to difpofTeis
his Subjects from thofe Impreffions they have received. His Majefty
muit alio by the fame Declaration profefs in Confcience, {that if
complyed with) he will not only keep his Word to maintain and
protect the Church of England, but will alio confirm his Promife
with fuch Laws as the Proteltants (hall be contented with. This
is the true politick Way, for his granting all j they cannot but confent
to fomething.

His moft Chriitian Majefty has with great Succefs experienced
this Maxim, and though he had not to ftruggle with penal Laws
and Tens, yet he found it convenient to make large Promifes in
many of his Declarations j for iinceit isneceflary to dilTemble, you
muit endeavour all you can to perfuade the King, that it is the only
Method to effect his Defign.

I did alfo in my laft give you a Hint of its Importance, as well-
as the Ways you mult take, to iulinuate yourlelves dtxtroufly
with, the King to gain his good Will. I know not whether you
have obferved what palt in England lome Year3 fince. I will re-
cite it, becaufc fuch Examples inff.uct much. One of our aflining
Fathers of that Kingdom, (which w,is Fabler Par/dm) having writ a
Book againft the Succeffions of the Kings of Scots, to the Realm
or England; Father Crcigkton, who a as alio of our S-d-jty, and
upheld by many ot our Party, deiended the Caufe of the King, by
a Book intitLed, Reajons of the King of Scots, againjt the Bok

c/ LETTERS. 549

of Father Parfons. And though therein they Teemed divided, yet
they underftood one another very well j this being pr diied by
Order of our General, to the End, if the Honfe of Scotland were
excluded, they might fhew him who had the Government, the
Book of Father Parfom ; and on the other hand, if the King hap-
pened to be reflored to the Throne, they might obtain his good
Will, by mewing him the Works of Father Cretghton : So that
which Way loever the Medal turned, it ftill proved to the Advan-
tage of our Society.

Not to digrefs from our Subject, I mull defire you to read the
Engli/h Book of Father Parfons, entitled The Reformation of Eng-
land, where, after his blaming Cardinal Pool, and taking notice of
fome Faults in the Council of Trent, he finally concludes, that
fuppofe England mould return (as we hope in this Reign it will)
to the Catholic Faith, he would reduce it to the State of the primi-
tive Church, and to that End all the eccleliaftical Revenue ought
to be ufed in common, and the Management thereof committed to
the Care of feven wile Men, drawn out of our Society, to be dif-
pofed of by them as they mould think fit. Moreover he would
have all religious Orders forbidden on religious Penalties, not to re-
turn into the three Kingdoms without Leave of thofe feven wife
Men, to the End that Permiffions might be granted only to fuch
as live on Alms. Thefe Reflections feem to me very judicious,
and very iuitable to the prefent State of England.

The fame Father Parfons adds, that though England is reduced
to the True Faith, the Pope mud not expect at lealt for five Years,
to reap any Benefit from the ecclefiaftical Revenue, but mud leave
the whole in the H rids of thof kven wile Men, who will ma-
nage the fame to die Benefit and Advancement of the Church.

The Court goc> for Ma? li this Day, to take the Diverfions which
are there prepared. I nope toaccompmy the King, did will enter-
tain him about all this Aft\ir, and according as he likes, what he-
hiiits to me I (hall give you Notice.

I have acquainted him with his Britannick Majefty's Deilgn of
building a Citadel near Whitehall^ and Monfieur de Vauban our
Engineer was p r rfaii; after jome Ditcourle on the Importance of
tha Subject, his Mcijcrty told M nlieur Vauban, that he thought
it convenient lie ihould make a Model of the Defign, and that in

the

5so ^ COLLECTION

the Beginning of March he mould on Purpofe go over into England
to fee i he Ground.

I have done all I could to fufpend the Defigns of our great Mo-
narch, who continues in his Anger againft the holy Father j both
Parties are ftubbom ; the King's natural Inclination is to have all
to yield to him ; and on the other Side the Pope's Resolution is
unalterable.

All our Fathers mod: humbly falute your Reverence ; Father
Koinville acts wonderfully about Ni/mes among the new Converts,
who will meet notwithstanding the Danger they expofed themftlves
unto. I daily expect News from towards the Empire, which I {hall
impart to your Reverence, and am with the greateft Refpect

Tour y &c.

A Copy of Mr, Cutts (afterwards Lord Cutts^ his
Letter to the Earl of Middle ton, dated at Loo,
April 10, 1688.

My Lord,

I Am feniible that my coming here, and taking an Employment
in mis Service, will make a great deal of Noiie in Er gland >
and that my Enemies will not lofe io favourable an Occalion to
plunge me as dtep as they can in the King's Dilpleafure. And
therefore I defire your Lordmip to repreient to his Majefty the
Reafons that have driven me to this Refolution. It is with a great
deal or Regret that 1 find myfelf incapacitated to ierve his Majefty
in his prefent Defigns, and to improve the favourable Regard he has
been plrafed to throw upon me, tor my own Advantage, as well
as hi 1 - Majefty 's Service. No Man has a greater Veneration for his
Perlon, nor would go farther in hi> Service than myfelf, were not
the prelum Meaiures of State villbly oppoiite to the Principles and
Intereft of that Religion, which is dearer to me than all 1'hings in
this World, or than Liie itielf. The Laws of Confcience are ia-

cred

^/LETTERS. 55 i

cred, and inviolable. And fince my Principles are fuch, as make
me unfit to ferve at home, and my prefent Affairs in fuch a Pofture,
which do not admit of n idle Life; I defire your Lordfhip to do
me fuch Offices to his Majefty, that he may not be angry at my
taking Service Abroad. I hope much from his Majefty's Goodnefs,
and your Lord (hip's Kindnefs tome ; and defire your Lordftiip to
allure his Majefty that whatever happens, I fhall always pray for
his Majefty 's Perfon, and do Juftice to his Merit, and on all Occa-
sions, obferve that Duty and Refpect which becomes me. I defire
your Lordfhip to affurc his Majefty of the Truth of all this, and
permit me the Honour of ftiling myfelf,

My Lord,

Tour Lord/hip's

Mofi humble Serva?it.

To the King's moft Excellent Majefty.

the humble Addrefs of divers Protejiant Dijfsnters y
commonly called Anabaptijts, in and about the City
of London.

Mofi humbly Jhewetby

TH A F We your Majefty's moft: peaceable and loyal Sub-
jects, having been feveral years afflicted with diver:. Pro-
fecuiions, only for diftenting from the national Church, having,
received the Benefit, of your Majefty's royal Grace, in your Ma-
jefty's royal Proclama.io: of free and general Pardon, whereby
ourielves and many others of youi Majefty's diftreft d Subj'. ~z> -~j'
relieved from the faid Profecutions , and fome of us delivered

from

552 ^ COLL ECTION

from feveral Years Imprisonment. For this royal Grace we do
render unto your Majefty our moil humble and hearty Thanks.

Great Sir y
We do alfo humbly afTure your Majefty, That our Non-confor-
mity is in no wife inconfiftcnt with true Loyalty to your royal
Pe r fon and Government -, for though we difTent from the national
Church in fome Points about the Worship of God, yet we
(as well as they) do deteft all Principles and Practices of Sedi-
tion, Treafon and Rebellion, being taught by the holy Scriptures
to be fubject to the higher Powers ; and particularly unto Mo-
narchy -, even to the King as fupreme, and to Governors that are
fent by him.

And as (in Duty bound) we do moil: heartily pray to God
Almighty for your Majefty, that under your Majeily's Govern-
ment we may live a peaceable and quiet Life in all Godlinefs and
Honefty ; io we do mod humbly beieech your Majefty to conceive
no otherwife of us, than as Perfons firmly refolved to come be-
hind none of your Majefty's Subjects in maintaining your Ma-
jefty's Rights, and promoting the Peace and Tranquility of your
royal Pcribn aad Government to the utmoft of our Power and
Capacity.

And that God will be graciouily pleafed to crown your Ma-
jefty and your royal Pofterity with all temporal and eternal

Bleffings.

Wejhall ever pray.

Subfcribed in the Behalf of ourfelves,
and many others of the fame Per-
fuafion with us.

Tie

^LETTERS. 553

"Temp. Jac. II.

T/ie Lord Chancellors Speech to the Lord Chief- jfujl ice

Herbert.

Mr. Serjeant Herbert,

IPrefume it is not difagreable to any here, if I tell you, Sir, the King
has fent for you to iupply the Vacancy of the Chier-Jufticefhip
or this Court, a Place perhaps of a^ great Concern and Importance
to the King and his People as any in the Nation; but yet, Sir, his
M.'jefty thinks you fit for it, though I know you have other
Thoughts of yourfclf; and therefore this Place, (I mult do you Right)
co. fered on you, is without your ieeking ; but, Sir, his M jetty's
kind and gracious, and juff. Remembrances of the great Services and
Sufferings of your Relations, and father, with the bleffed Martyr
King Charles I. and with King Charles II. of ever blenrd Me-
mory, and alio his Experience of the Services even in Times of
great Danger, both in Storms at Sea and Land, of fome other of
your Relations, who have hazarded their Lives in the Service
of the Crown.

Thefe Things might juflly create graciouslntentions inhis MaieltVs
Breait towards yon; buc Sir, I am to acquaint you, it is not f ,r the
Merit vhich refledls on you trom your Relations, that you are
Called to this Honour and Dignity ; it is the long Experience of
your Nobility, and Fidelity in an eminent Place of Judicature in his
Kingdom, as well as in another ; he is very well fanned and pleated
with your great Lourage and Conduct in that Employment, and for
that Reafo -> hath now cholen you to ierve him in this high and
difficult Station.

Sir, I can t.f'1 yon, by my own Experience, it is a Place
of g-eat Labour and Fatigue, but I bids God with thofe
good Afiittances I had, I was well able in fome Meafure to cope with
thole Difficulties; and indeed I had very good and g-eat Aliiitances

Z z z horn

5 5 4- /? COLLECTION

from the learned, ingenious, and therefore loyal Gentlemen at
the Bir, who took a great deal of Care and Pain . to make the
Court underftand what was the Benefit of their Clients, and not to
prate impertinently to pleaie the Audience ; for if we meet with any
iuch, they are lure to meet with a Rebuke ; and therefore lean, ot
part with this Seat, where I have had the Honour to lit, without
giving my heartv Thanks for their Adiftance.

B- ; As this, I wasiifiiihd bv a learned, grave and judicious Bench,
1 whom tkcie remains two learned Gentlemen that fat en each
I -J and en me, who h*.d long Experience of the Practice of the
Court, and withall un luunt- d Courage to perform their Duty,
and I cannot but remember that we fat together, in Times as full of
Storms and Troubks, as and Madnefs, Faction and Rebel-
lion could make them; yet through God's Bleiling we were in-
abled to difcharge the Duty of our Places lb faithfully, that our
Services were accepted, and gracioufly approved of by the lute King,
and our prefent Sovereign, whom I pray God long to continue and
reiim over us.

Nor mud: I forget that we had the Benefit of an ingenious and

induftrious Company of Officers, who behaved themfelves in their
feveral Places in all Diligence and Integrity.

Sir, I have a further Encouragement, for that you have the Promife
of a gracious King, known to all the World never to have broken,
and 1 may lay it, and pardon the Expreftion, that dares not
break his Word; he hath promifed you ids royal Countenance and
Aiiiftance ; arid if io, go on, be profperous, fupprefs Vice, be fure
to execute the Law to the utmoft ot his Vengeance upon all thofe
that are known, and we have Reafon to remember them, bv the
K itr.e of Whirrs, and you are alfo to remember the Name of Whigs,
and. you are alio to remember the fnivelling Trimmer- , for you know
what our Saviour ye/us Chrijt in the Golpel fays, that they that are
not for u c , are a gain ft u Q .

Sir, when I have faid this to you, pray give me Leave to put
vou in Mind ol one Thin" or two : 1 know you will be indulgent
to the Gentlemen at the Bar who ftand round about you; as you
will be pleafed with the Aiiiftance, fovou will liii.cn to the Coun-
e ! ofyo.ir Brethren upon the Bench ; you will have a Care to give
\\ f:t*d:/j Countenance to thole inferior Magiftrates who ierve the

Kins

of LETTERS. 555

Kin** faithfully, and defire to keep his Peace inviolate, though
perhaps they have not arrived to that Perfection of Knowledge in
the Law, which is your good Fortune of particular Education in
your ProfeiTion.

In fhort Sir, I doubt not but you will take Care that the
Proceis of the Court be neither injurious to the King, nor op-
preiiive to the Subject ; which they will not be, if they be kept
from being too numerous on the one Hand, and too dilatory on the
ether.

In fine Sir, as the Sum of all your Duty, fear God and honour
the King; but do your utmoft Authority for the Supprefiion of
thofe that are given to change.

I have now no more to trouble you with Sir, but am ready to
adminifter you your Oath and deliver you your Writ.

An humble Addrefs to all the Englifh Proteflants in

this Ar?ny,

Gentlemen,

N r EXT to the Duty you owe to God, which ought to be the
principal Care of all Men, of your ProfeiTion, especially
becaufe you carry your Lives in your Hands, and often look Death
in the Face: The iecond Thing that deferves your Consideration,
is, the Service of your native Country, wherein you drew your
firft Breath, and breathed a free JLnglifh Air : Now I would defire
you to confider how well you comply in thefe two main Point;,
by engaging in this prefent Service.

Is it in the Name of God and for his Service, that you have join-
ed yourfelves w r ith Papifts, who will indeed fight for the Mafs-
Bock, but burn the Bible, and who feek to extirpate the Proteftant
Religion with their Swords, becaufe they cannot doit with their Ar-
guments j and will you be aiding and affiiting to fet up Mais- Houfes,
to erect that Popifh Kingdom of Darknels and DeioUtion amongft
us, and to train up all our Children in Popery ! How can you do

Zzz 2 thefe

556 ^ COLLECTION

thcie Things, and yet call yourfelves Proteftants ! And then what
Service can be done your Country, by being under the Command
of French aid IriJ/j Papifts, and by bringing the Nation under a
foreign Yoke : Will you help them to make forcible Entry into
the Houfes of your Countrymen, under the Name of Quartering,
diiectly contrary to Magna Charta, and the Petition of Right!
Will you be aiding and amfting to all the Murders and Outrages,
which they (hall commit by their void Commimons, which were
declared illegal, and fufficiently blafted, by both Houfes of Parlia-
ment, if there had been any Need of it : For it was very well
known before, that a Papiff. cannot have a Commifilon, but by
the Law is utterly difabled and .iifarmed ! Will you exchange your
Birth-Right of Englijh Laws and Liberties, for Martial and Club
Law, and help to deftroy others only to be eaten up at laft your-
felves. If I know you well, as you are Englifimen i you hate and
fcorn thole Things : And therefore be not unequally yoked with
idolatrous and bloody Papifts : Be valiant for the Truth, and mew
yourlelves like Men.

The fame Confiderations are likewife humbly offered, to all
the Englijl: Seamen, who have been the Bulwark oi
this Nation, againft Popery and Slavery, ever fince
1588.

TJje ^uee7i ^Sweden' s Letter to the Chevalier Torlon,

SINCE you defire to know my Sentiments about the pretended
Extirpation of Herefies in France, I am glad to tell you what
they are upon fb great a Subject. As I profefs neither to fear nor
Matter any Perfon whatlbever, fo I will frankly avow to you that
I am not much perfuaded of the Succefs of this great Defign, nor
can I be plealed with it as a Thing very advantageous to the Holy
Religion : On the contrary I forefee many Inconveniences which
lb novel a Proceeding will produce every where , in good Faith,
are you perfuaded of the Sincerity of thele new Converts ? I wifli

they

^/LETTERS. 5 c;7

they may fincercly obey God and the King : but I am afraid of
their Opinionativenefs ; and I would not have laid to my Charge
all the Sacrileges which will be committed by thele Catholick's
Force bv Miffionaries, who treat our Holy Myflc-ries too Soldier- like.
Military Men are a ftrange Sort of Apoflles : I brlievc they are
more proper to murder, to ravifh and to pilk.ge than to pertuade ;
thus the Relations made of them (which are not to be doubted of)
teach us, that they have difcharged their Mifhon alter their Man-
ner. I pity the Perfons whom they abandon to the Difcretion of
thefe Men, I lament the Ruin of fo many Families, io many
Perfons of Quality reduced to Alms ; I cannot reflect upon what
has happened now in France without Companion -, I am fony for
thole unfortunate Perfons who are born in Error ; butmethinks
they are more worthy of Pity than of Hatred : And as I would not
to gain the whole Empire of the World partake of their Error, fo
I would not likewife be any Ways die Caufe of their Mifcries. I
confider France at this Time, as one who is lick, whole Legs and
Arms they cut off, in order to the healing of a Diffemper winch a
little Patience and Sweetnels would have cured perfectly. But I am
very much afraid leallthe Diffemper be exafperated, and in the End
be rendered incurable; leallthe Fire hid in the Embers, one Day
break out into a greater Flame than ever; and lealt difguifed Herefy
become more dangerous. Nothing is more Praife-Worthy than
the Delign of converting Hereticks and Infidels ; but the Manner
which is ufed there, is altogether new : And ftnee our Saviour
made no Ule in the lead of luch a Method to convert the World, it
cannot be the heft ; I admire indeed, but cannot comptehend that
Zeal and that Policy, both which pals my Underitandi. g ; and am
belides very glad I cannot comprehend them : Do you believe that
now is the '1 ime to convert the Hugonots, and to render them
good Catholieks, in an Age in which fuch vifible Attempts are
made in France againft the Refpect and Submillion which are due
to the Church of Rome, which is the only and immoveable Founda-
tion of our Religion ; liuce it is the to whom Chri/i hath made
that glorious Promife that the Gates of Hell (hall not prevail againft
her. In the mean while the fcandalous Liberty of the Gallican
Church never advanced nearer to a Rebellion than fhe doth at this
preient. The lait Propoiitions, figned and pubiiihed by the

Clergy

55 S A COLLECTION

Clergy o France are, that they have givena very apparent Triumph
to Herefyj and I believe their Surprile to have, been extraordinary,
vvjien they faw themfelves very ibon after perfecuted by thole very
Men, who upon a fundamental Point of Religion entertain Tenets
and Opinions fo agreeable to their own. Thefe are the powerful
Reafons that hinder me from rejoicing at the pretended Extirpation
of Herefy. The Intereft of the Roman Church is certainly as
dear to me as my Life -, but it is that Intereft alfo which makes me
reflect upon what is done with Sorrow ; and I further avow to you,
that I love France fufficiently to lament the Defolation of lo brave
a Kingdom : I wifh with all my Heart that I may be deceived in
my Conjectures, and that all may end to the greater Glory of God,
and the King your Mailer ; I allure myfelf alfo that you will not
doubt of the Sincerity of my Vows, and that I am,

Tour Friend,

Rome, February Chriftiana.

2, l686.

To the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Eng-
land, before the Reftoration of King Charles II.

The humble Petition of the FellowJJjip of Trinity
College in Cambridge.

Sheweth,

THAT whereas, by a Provifo made in the late Act of In-
demnity, concerning Offices and Places of Trull, the Ma-
ftcrihipofthf faid College, made void by the Death of $ir Thomas
Hill, and afterwards confer'd on Sir John Arrowjmith, and fince
his Deceafe one Sir John IVilkins by n atent, dated March ,
1658, is, and is declared, to be in the Difpoial oi this Parliament :

Your

of LETTERS. 559

Your Petitioners having had good Experience of the great Worth nd
Abilities of the i.iid Sir John TV ilium, and being fully perluaGcd
of his well In.cn ion and Refblutions, to promote Religion, Learn-
ii '; and Ingenuity among ih. in, and in all Things vigoroufly and
fait hiully rod ifcharge the Truitand Duty belonging to that Place,
do very humbiy, and yet with much Earneilneis pray, that you
wou'd be plealul to conflitute and fettle him the laid Sir John
Wi/hins i Mailer of" that College.

And vour Petitioners, who promife to themfelves much Happi-
nefs bom his pious and diicreet Government, fhall ever hold them-
felves obliged, and fully to prefer ve the Memory or tins Act of
Favour, and upon all Occations dial i be ready to give real Teiti-
monies of their Senfe of your particular Care and tender Regards
to the Welfare, and to the humble Defires of that Society.

And fiall ever pray.

ni: d B 'gjhaw. Wilhitghbx Weft. Nicholas Sander/on.

f.bilus Rofbury. Ric'mul Watts, Thomas Gihbs.

Francis B*">okjby. Benjamin Pulleyn, Obadiah Sedgwicke.

Thomas Arronjmith. William Corker, Jeremiah White ^

yo/eph Hill, 'Thomas Baimbrigge. "James Duport,

Charles I!' right. Jo/epb Wilkes, Jofeph Pratt.

Thomas Blomer. Thomas Hill. William Di/ney,

John Ekins. Daniel Brattell. John Davies.

Roger Sparkes. John Wray. Walter Catllray.

Jo/epb Oddey. James Valentine. 11 illiam Lynnett.

William Dover. Henry Dear /lew John Nieid.

Stephen Scandrott, Edmund Pother by. Richard Stedman.

Thomas Griffith, Simon Smythes. Robert Scott.

John Hair kins. Robert Movie. Devereux Spencer,

Petei Pi van, Te imam Spencer. James Hodges.
y ames Parmer.

Tie,

5 6o

A COLLECTION

The Copy of a Letter from Lord Paget, dated Vienna.

June %i
Jul* h

' I69I

Sir,

I Cannot fay I trouble you in this, becaufe my News is To good,
that it will almoft jufthy my Tedioufnefs.
On Friday laft, we received Letters fiom Sir William Huffey,
dated at Adrianople, June s. giving an Account of his proiper-

ous Journey by Water rrom Belgrade \ beyond Nicopolis, and thence
by Land to Adrianople. All the Way he received wXtraoidinary
Honours, at Belgrade particularly. The Serafquier waited upon
himto the Boat (a Thing, they tell me, unuiual in 'Turkey, and fcarce-
ly beiore known) and among other obliging Expreffions told him,
that there never was yet any War, or the lead Diigoft between the
Porte and England, but always an entire Friendfhip , which he
prayed God to continue. A.^ he paffed by Widin, he lent to Ttckelej's
Camp, who was not there himielf, but two of his chief Miniflers
(a Colonel and his Secretary) came in his Name to compliment
him j and to complain of the ill Ulage of the Impenalif/s, elpecial-
ly in Matters of Religion. The poor Chriftians of that County al-
moft adored him as he palled. His Excellency arrived at Adriano-
ple about the latter End of May ; where he was met by leveral
Engli/Jj Gentlemen from Conjlantinople, and Smyrna. The 29th
of May the Grand Signor, and Grand Vizier arrived. Their En-
try was but mean, the Grand Sultan fitting in an ordinary Chariot,
with one of his Courtiers in the back Part. The G>and Vizier
palled quite through the Town, and went to his Tent pitched at
an Hour arid a Halfs Diftance off from it. He would not wait ;or
Sir IVilliam's Compliments, (as is ufual) but lent immediately to
invite him to Audience; which was performed with Marks of
Diltinclion, not formerly flievvn to other AmbafT.dors. His
Excellency was attended by the Cbtans Paffb, and twelve Footmen
in rich Liveries, half after the EnglJJJj, and half after the Turkijh
Mode, and a good Number of Gentlemen. The Turks all the

Way

c/ LETTERS. 5 6r

Way as he went, faluted him moft affectionately, crying out in
their Language, God projper your Undertaking; God grant your
Mediation may /ucceed, and grant us once a happy Peace! He
had, at his Arrival in the Tent, a Chair fet for him; and the Vi-
zier being come, and the fir ft Compliments pad, his Excellency
explained his Commiliion he had about a Peace. To which the
Vizier anfwered, (repeating it three Times) That he was mofl
willing to hearken to honourable Terms; and extreamly applauded
the generous Friendship of the King of England, in interpofing
to flop the bloody EfFe&s of fo long a War. Me alio obliged Sir
William to fend one of his Gentlemen back to Vienna, to acquaint
our Court with their good Difpofition. He prefented the ufual
Coffee, Sherbet, and Perfumes; and ordered Veils for the Gen-
tlemen of Sir Williams Attendance. This Exprefi has made your
Voyage in thirteen Days, being accompanied by a Chian to Bel-
grade; where the Serafquier ^knowing his Errant) prefented him
with a rich Sabre. His coming has extreamly rejoiced our Court j
who now look upon the Peace almoft as good as made. He was
Yeilerday heard at a Conference in Prince Leivis's Houfe; at which
the two Chancellors were prefent. And it is laid, within two
Days the Prince goes to the Army, and will have a full Power
intrufted to him to conclude a Peace.

Sir William adds, that if the Treaty of Peace went not on, the
Vizier was refolved to invade Tranjyhania.

My Lady Hujfey and her Women keep their Englifi Privilege
of going bare-faced, and are mightily admired.

Tours , cjV.

George Afh.

Honourable Sir, excufe this Scribbling, having neither Pen, nor
Time to write as ought, by

Tour mojl humble Servant }
London, July 7, 1691.

Thomas Paget.

A a a a An

562 ^ COLLECTION

An Account of King James the Second" s Reception at

Oxford.

TH E Vice -Chancellor received the King with a fliort
Speech; the King faid he did not understand it, but was
fure it was very loyal, as indeed, nothing elfe could be expected
from that Univerfity. After the King came to his Lodgings, the
Vice-Chancellor and Univerfity luffed his Hand. He had fome
private Difcourfe with the Vice-Chancellor. The King mention-
ed the Cafe of Magdalen College, and the Matter of the Oxford
Pamphlets printed at the Theatre. The Vice- Chancellor did fair-
ly and boneftly ffate the Cafe in point of Election; and for the
Prefs, told him, that, while Mr. Walker printed fuch Books,
they were obliged in Honour, to anfwer them; but that, if he
was ordered to ceafe printing, he would take Care of the Prefs.

Saturday Night paffed over in Silence ; neither Bells nor Bon-
tires, except two. In Univerfity College, they had an Illumina-
tion, as they call it, Candles let up in every Window, and Flam-
beaux in the College Tower.

On Sunday Morning the King went to Prayers and Sermon at
Majjeys Oratory, and at three in the Afternoon, to the Popif/j
Chapel in Univerfity College, where he was received with a
Speech in Englifo, by Sir Edward Hale's Son, in which were
many broad and plain Expreffions. Alter Prayers^ the Univerfity
attended his Majelty at Cbrift Church; the Orator made a Speech;
the Vice-Chancellor preiented him with a Bible, and a Pair of
Gloves ; he looked into the Bible, afked if it was printed there,
and commended it for an excellent Print. After this, the Fellows
ot Magdalen College were ordered to attend; the King told them,
Ik: hud appointed the Bifhop of Oxon their Prefident, and com-
manded them to go back immediately to their College, and admit
him. They offered to prefent a Petition. He told them, he
would hear nothing ; he was King, and did expect: Obedience.
Aa they were going out, he called to them, to know who pen'd
the Letter to my Lord Suttdtrland, which faid the Place was full,
and afked them, whether they haa done any publick Act fince they

were

of LE T T E R S. 563

were forbidden. To the firft, they anfvvered, it was not ary (in-
gle Perfon, but was the Act of the whole Company, and drawn
up by their Order. To the other, that they had only admitted
one Fellow, who had been elected the year before. The King
then bid them again go, and haften their Admifiion, ctherwifc
he would make them feel the Weight of a Prince's Hand. Ac-
cordingly they met in the College Chapel (twenty-one in Num-
ber.) One was for admitting the Bifhop, anothei defired Time,
though he had fome Time before prayed at St. Mary's, for Dr.
Hough, the undoubted Prcfidcnt of Magdalen College. The reft
were unanimous in this Relolutton, that they were very defirous
to comply with the King's Commands in every Thing, as far as in
their Conlcience they could ; but in this they could not poffibly do
it, without incurring the Guilt of a deliberate Perjury. Tins An-
fwer they ordered two of their Company to carry back to my
Lord Sunderland. The King is very much incenfed; (hey fiy it
will be put to the Judges, at the King's Pveturn, which will be
very foon.

On Monday between ten and eleven, the King was entertained
in the Library with a noble Banquet j he feemed, and expreflcd
himfelf extreamly well fatisfied with all his Entertainment j iold
the Vice-Chancellor and the reft, that he ever had, and mould
have a Kindnefs for that Place, where he had his Education, and
could not but look upon them as truly loyal, and all Church of
England Men were fo, thofe that were truly Church of England
Men, for there are fome Wolves in Sheep's Cloathing among us,
of whom he would have them beware j that he would no: have
them think hardly of him, for the Kindnefs he had iliewn thofe
ot other Perfuaiions, nor let their Eyes be evil, btcaufe his were
good.

At his taking Coach, he renewed his ExprefTions with a great
deal of Ardour and Earneitntfs, thanked the Univerfity for his
noble Entertainments, that he took all Things kindly from them,
laid, he ihould always conunue hi:- Favour to them, a. id could not
but ever look upon them as heartily loyal j that the Piinciples of
Loyalty were the fame in both Churches, and their Principles in
other Things moftly the fame. That in his Father's and Brother's
Time, they lived amicably together, anu he could not app chend,

A a a a 2 why

564 A COLLECTION

why they mould not do (o (till: That, as for his Declarations, he
would ftand to them, to a Tittle, and they lhould ever find him
their Friend.

An Accou?tt of the Czar, and his meeting King Wil-
liam in Holland.

TH E Czar having fignified to the King, that he defired to
fee him, but with all the Privacy imaginable; it was agreed
upon that the Toot aft t a great Ordinary, which, pro hdc vice, was
the Czars Lodgings at Utrecht, mould be the Place for their Con-
ference: Whither the King came from Soe/llyke, and the Czar
from Amfterdam. This Prince who affects to be incognito, to the
laft Degree, and is wonderfully averfe to publick Meetings, fent
to the King, that he would expect him in the Afternoon of laft
Wednesday, with no more than three or four Pei fons, if he pleafed.
The King made Anfwer, that he could not come with lefs than
fix or (even; which was agreed to. There was a vaft Concourfe
of People, furely expecting to fee the Czar go into his Houfe:
They were all difappointed; for he fecretly crept into an obfeure
Cellar-Door, on the back Part of the Houfe, and dreffed himfelf,
in Expectation of the King. His Incognifo-Drefe is very differing,
and very extraordinary; fometimes like a Peafant ; fometimes like
a Gentleman, with Hat, Peruke, Cravat, and Sword; other times
{and that often) with a Sailor's Cap, blue Shirt, and Canvafs-
Breeches. At prefent he had a purple Roll over his ufual Rujftan
Habit, nothing about his Neck, and his Hair cut to his Ears. How
he received the King, my Author (being not admitted till after-
wards) could not tell; but he found them in a large Room; the
King fitting on one Side of the Table in a Chair without Arms,
and the Czar exactly oppofite, during the whole Time of their
Conference; which luffed above an Hour. There were about

fever*

of LETTERS. 565

feven PeiTons waiting on tin; Kingj, viz. the Earls of Albn-tnarle^

Selkirk and Orkney, my Lo d I'-llars, and one grave Nobleman,
wh > flood behind the Czar i.ivl hi- Inierprecer. The Czar fpoke
his own Language, and the King French ; probably bi.-c.iule the
Interpreter under flood no Rnghjh. His M jetty gave l,im all a-
long the Tide of Emperor, or Imperial Majeily. The Czar ..(Iced
his Majefly a g eat many Qjeftions relating to the Army and Fleet.
The King allied him concerning the Canal he i^ making between
tho Wolga and the lanais, upon which he had 80,000 Men ac-
tually at work. The Czar offered the King to drink, which his
Majeily then excufed; but told him, that it he would dine with
him next Day, he would then drink a Bottle with him; to which
the Czar confented. Among other things the Czar told the King
why he was (o averle from appearing in Publick: The Reafon
whtreof he pretends is a Blemifh, or Contortion in his Eyes, the
Effect of convuliive Fits, to which he is Sometimes fubjecl, occa-
fioned by a fudden Attack of two Affaflins, of whom he flew
one with his own Hand, and cut off the other's Arm. After
an Hour's Conference, the Czar embraced his Maietty, Shook
him very heartily by the Hand, and So took his Leave, leaving
the King in Poffefiion of the Room. About the Evening he lent
to the King to tell him, he could not dine with him the next
Day, beca le he forefaw it was impoilible for him to meet his
Majefly privately at the Houfe not far from Utrecht, which the
King had appointed. This, his affected Privacy, makes him al-
ways chute to go by Water, and in common PafLge- Boats ; where-
in he has never yet been discovered: And indeed he has nothing
very diflinguiihing in his Perfon or Mien, except that fmall Ble-
mifh in his Lyes. He is very tall and flender, brown of Com-
plexion, and aged about twenty- fix Years. His frequent Change
ot Dels, Lodging, &c. does much contribute to his Concealment.
Sometimes he is a Seaman: then he will lie two or three Davs at
an Anchor- Smith's at Sordam, and work as hard and as well as
any Carpenter on hoard a Ship If he (lays So long as to appre-
hend a Difcovery, then our Imperial Potentate is metamorphoed
into fome other ttrange Creature, and lo to paSs through the Mob,
whilft they are eternally gaping for him. Tnere are a thoufand
flying Reports more of him, which i cannot vouch j but what I

have

566

A COLLECTION

have faid of him is true ad pedem literce. Wherein if I have been
too prolix, in mentioning light and trivial Things of him, pleafe to
excufe it, Sir, and to confider that every Nod, every Woid, and
every Action of Kings and Emperors, is weignty, admirable, and
facred.

P. S. We are told the Czar has had another Meeting with the
King at Dinner, by his own Requeft, to their mutual Satis-
factions.

A Copy of a Letter written in the Molucco IJIands,
in the Tear 1695, t0 t ^ e Burgo-Majler, Wilfon.

TO give you fome Account of the Things which happened at
Ba?ida, I muft tell you, that it has pleafed God to let us
fet- his wonderful Works, and mighty Hand upon us, on the 20th
of November, laft Year, which has been known to many now
living.

On the about the Evening, was feen a very thick

Smoak about the Top of the Mount Gonnony Apii, which was
much augmented on the aift and 2 2d, and fome following Days;
the Fire was continually encreafmg on the Weft Side, and with
fuch Blows, as if the greateft Pieces of Cannon had been difcharg-
ed ; fo that we feared the whole Mountain would have been cafl
upon us. A Day of Humiliation and Prayer was proclaimed
by the Government, againft the 7th, throughout all Banda.
Sometimes the Mount has brought forth fuch a Noife, as the
greateft Storms can do about the Rigging of a Ship, or a Building
on the Shore j and afterwards followed the Stones on the Weft
Side, as far as the Sea, which was a horrible Spectacle. Fisher-
men have related to me, that fo many Stones have been caft out
already, that the Place, where they uled to fifh with Lines, at
forty Fathom Water, is now dry j and the Fire comes out of the

Water

^/LETTERS, 567

Water fo vehemently, as is dreadful to fee, and the Water is fo
hot, that we cannot come near it ; and now the Mountain burns
mod: towards the Sea of hanto. The Trees on the Eaft and Weft
Side are altogether fpoiled, and the Weft Side covered with Stones,
God knows, how high. The Stink of Brimftone, during the
Wefterly Monfoon, is fo intolerable, that we could fcarce en-
dure it in the Streets of Neiza. The Noife continues ftill. How
God Almighty will pleafe to difpofe of us, is beft known to him-
felf alone. There is a great Sicknefs at Neiza; the Water which
raineth, is by Reafon of the Brimftone and Saltpetre, become four,
and without the natural Tafte. The Gardens which were on the
Gotinony Apii^ and formerly brought forth great Store of Fruits for
Man's Livelihood, are partly covered with Stones, and partly de-
left. The greateft Fear is, becaufe it is confumed inwardly to-
wards the old Hole, which was blown up in the Year 1615, and
becaufe the Fire feems to take its Courfe towards the South- Weft,
and, that it being quite hollow there, will tumble inwardly, or
be fubverted. 1 have been as near the Fire as I could approach ;
but the exceflive Noife and cafting of Stones, made me draw back
fpeedily.

Hoe Copy of a "Letter written by another Perfon from
Banda, to the fame Burgo-Mafer,

TH E Mount Gonnony Apti keeps us ftill in a continurl Fear,
bringing forth a Noife and Stones j and we fee nothing but
Fire and Flames, which is continually increafing. It efts out
Stones round about the Mountain, and the Fire afcends lo high,
that we can fee k above the high Land at Dender, as it i ippem.d
the 6th of this Month, that the Stci esand the Flame went up above
the high Land, which was horrible to fee.

5 68 ^ COLLECTION

An ExtraB of another Letter from the fame Place to

the fume Man.

WE are in Fear becaufe of the Mount Gonnony Apii,
which burns continually, and cafts out fo great Quan-
tity of Fire and Afhe-, that the Trees of the Country N- , iza i
and Part of thofe in the high Country Lontboir, are fo much
covered with A dies, that not one good Fruit is to be expected
from them.

A Copy of a Letter to the Burgo-Mafer, Wilfbn,
from the Molucco Ifands, June io, 1695.

IT is almoft impoffible for me to give a particular Account of
the prefent State of Banda; for at Netza, there is neither
Leaf nor Herb, the Ground covered with Stones and Ames, the
Trees look juft as thofe of our native Country in Winter; one
half of the high Country is likewife in a fad Condition, many
Trees wholly, or partly extinguiihed, and the reft lingering. If
we are to have luch another Weft Monfoon. all will perifh
to which that Wind can reach. Not one Houfe at Neiza is
undamaged ; fevcral are quite lupprefTed to the Ground by the
Weight of the Duft and A Hies ; and if all Hands had not been
continually at work to take and carry it off, net one Houfe had
been remaining at Neiza. One of my Houfes lies down ; thole
of Dender, Weyer^ Calams, and the inward Coaft, as far as /-/'#-
ling, have likewife a fad Experience of this Calamity. We are
fometimes vitited with Earthquakes; efpeciully on the 10th of
May, about two o'Clock in the Afternoon, we had two hard
Motions. Finally, Banda meets with many Crofles.

Part

{/LETTERS, 569

Part of a very old MSS. relating to the Maifon

Roy all de Lreux.

T T received its beginning from Robert of France, 4 th Son of
of Lewis 6th King of France call'd the Grofje firil Count allied
to Beatrix daughter of Henry the 3d. of England, and the Family
of Bourbon, Navarre, Burgundy, and Bretagnc : Yoland de
Dreux, firft married Alexander 3d. K. of Scotland, whole Mo-
ther was Mary de Coney, whofe Grandmother by the Father
was Alix de Dreux; the Marriage was Coniummatcd at Jedburg,
1286. Alexander Died without Children, having loft before
Alexander the Prince, and Margaret of Scotland, Q^ of Norway,
whofe Mother was Margaret of England. Alexanders fir ft Wife
Yoland return'd to France in 1288. and in 1292 Che Married
the 2d. Time Arthur D. of Bretagnc, whofe Father was John
2d D. of Bretagnc, and Mother Beatrix of England.

Guichenor Tlijhriographer of France in his Genealogical H'f-
tory of the Houfe of &ra?y fays that L^ztv'i of Savoy, K. of
Cyprus, Jerufalem, and Armenia; at the Age of 8 Years in
1.144. Married with Annabell Daughter of Robert 3d. K. of fe/-
/7:'\v/, this was concluded at Stirling by the Ambafladors of Savoy,
in nrefence of 7'^vj K. of Scotland her Brother, (lie was con-
dueled to &zi-o)' in 1455, for the accomplishment of the Marriage,
but Charles the 7th K. of France, whom the D. durft no: difoblige
was not pleafed with the Alliance, which he hinder'd, hav-
ing fcnt feveral Times Meflages to Savoy upon that account:
upon which K. James lent the 3. of JVhitchorn to Savoy, who
met them with the Count of Valpergues Chancellor of Savoy,
where in the prefence of Charles 7th of France, March 1455
this Marriage was difolv'dj the D. was to pay Annabell 2 coco,
Crowns for her Difappoitnment and Charges, which was vgrccd
to bv James by his Patents, dated at Perth, 1456, this Lewis,
married the Heirefs of Cyprus, and afterwards Princefs of Aniiccl ; a

B b b b 2 / .,,

570 i COLLECTION

I was defired by a fabfcriber, and particular Frind, to print the
following Imitation of Shakefpear, if it is publif/d already , / hope
it will be excusd, as it may entertain fever al of my Friends who have
not feen it, nor can conveniently get it.

A Soliloqui in HAMLE% Imitated*

'J i O Marry or Live fingle ! That's the Queflion !

Whether 'tis happier, in the Mind to ftifle,
The Heats and Tumults, of outragious Love,
Or with fome prudent Fair in folemn Contract
Of Matrimony joyn? To have and hold\
No more! and in a trice to fay we end.
The Heart ake, and the Thoufand love fick Pains _;.
Which Caelibacy yields ! A Confirmation :
Devoutly to be v/ifhed. In Nuptial Bands
To iovn till Death dlfjolve ay there's the Rub,
For in that fpace what dull remorfe may come,
When we have taken our folemn leave of Liberty,
Muft give us paufe. There's the relpect
That flacks our Speed in fuing for a Change:
For who wou'cl bear the Scorn and Sneers which Batchelors
When aged feel, the Pains and Fluttering fears
Winch each new Face gives to the Roving lover,
When he at once, might rid himfelf of all
By Marriage Knot ? Who cou'd with patience bear
To (iC: and Linger out a fingle Life,
But that the Dread of fomething yet unfeen,
Some hazard in a State from whofe ftrict Bonds
Death only can releafe, puzzles the will,

And

of LETTERS. 57 i

And makes us rather bear thofe ills we have
Than fly to others which perhaps are greater ;
Thus Cool Reflection makes us Slow and Wary,
Filling the dubious Mind with dreadfull Thoughts
Of future Di fiords Jealoa/ies and Co/is
Extravagantly great, entail d on Wedlock :
Which to avoid, the Lover cheeks his PafTion,
And rather dies a Batcheior.

Sir. Thomas Sadler's Epitaph^ very old and Scarce.

D. O. M.
E T

MEMORIZE. Ihomce Sadleiri
Equitis Aurati,

Hie fitus obdormit Chrifto, Chriftog refurget

Thomas Sadleirus ftemmate clarus Eques :
Quo micuere fimul bonitas, prudentia, candor,

Cum probitate pudor, cum pietate Fides.
Hcec ilium decorant, hoec funt monumenta fepulto,

Qui tumulo decus eft, ut fuit ante fuis.
Attamen hoc pofuit monumentum filius illi,

Ut conftet pietas offioiofa patri.

An Original Letter from Sr. R. IF. to Colonel Churchill,

Dear Claries,
^p HI 8 Place affords no News, no Subject for amufemeirt, or
Entertainment; for Fine-Gentlemen of Wit and I'leafure
about Town undenland not the Language nor Tafle the Charms
^fthe inanimate World,

B b b b 3 My

572 A COLLECTION

My Flatterers here are all Mutes ; the Oaks, the Beach's, the
Chefnutts, feem to contend which fhail beft Pleafe the Lord
of the Mannor; thefe cannot deceive, they 'will not Lie; I in
Sincerity admire tl e n, and have as many Beauties about me, as
fill up my Hours of Dangling and get me no Difgrace at 67 Years.
Within Doors we come a little nearer to real Life and admire
upon the almoft /peaking Canvafs, all the Airs and Graces,
which the Town Ladies can Boaft; with thefe, I am fatisfied,
becaufe they Gratifie me with all I wifh, and all I want, and
expect nothing in return which I cannot give; if thefe Dear
Charles are any Temptation I heartily wifh you to come and
partake of them; Shifting the fcene has fome time it's Recom-
mendation and from a Country farce you may poiTible return
with a more delicate Appetite to the more delicate Entertain-
ments of a refill d Life.

I have been furprifed fince I wrote the above, with the
Good-News * from Abroad, too much cannot be faid upon
it, for it's truly matter of infinite Joy becaufe of infinite Con-
fequence. I am Dear Charles &c. &c.

* June, 1743- Taking Porto Bello.

A Letter from Mr. P. to Mr. Cook.

Dear C.

[ Received your laft Ode : 'tis with great Pleafure, I have
thefe diftinguiihing Marks of your favour; and perceive the
high Regard you fliew to our antient friendmip, when our Ac-
quaintance is no more.

Your Poem is Eafy, delightful and beautifully defcriptive,
but, why thefe Namby Pamby Odes ? Leave off thefe trifling

Subjects

(/LETTERS. 573

Subjects, and Employ your Self about fomething of importance
to Mankind, Roufe your Genius, Write an Epic Poem, Mend
the hearts and Improve the Manners of Men.

I have read B ke's new Works-, in which there are ma

ny ufeful and noble Truths exprefs'd with great Energy and
Beauty ; yet, the Whole is a Rhapfody of Morality and Divinity,
Pagan and Chrifrian, but no Demonflration of any thing, no cleft
connecled Reafoning. When I confider Lord Shaffjbury on the
fame Subjects, I have the moft Sovereign contempt of this dog-
matical, fancy, loofe Writer; Read over the Enquiry concerning
Virtue, and you'll find a Demonftration, that Virtue is the chief
good of Man, And then, read the Rhapfody, as he calls it,
or Moralifr. ; And you'll find a Demonstration of the Being of
a God. Suited to every Capacity. But this Man has proved
nothing; no, not the Being of God, whofe Exiitence he fo
warmly talks for, his file Argument for the Creation is Univer-
fal Tradition, which is no Argument at all i for Univerfal Tradi-
tion may be falfe as well as true. There is no way of Demon-
strating the Being of God, but, by mewing, that this World
cannot be the Eternal felf-exiftent Being; For, then it undeniably
follows, that it mull: be produced by a Being who was Eternal,
underived, and Self-exijlent. This Dr. Clarke has done. And
yet, he calls him Prefumptuous Dogmatijl ; and fays, that ht
and Bentley have done little more than put us in Mind There
is a God ; Unparallel'd Impudence.

He only Rambles about and fays Things that have been much
better /aid before, his EfTays in the 3d. Volume, concerning the
Nature and Extent of the Humane Under {landing, is infinitely
jlortcr and clearer in Mr. Locke ; and his long tedious account
of the Pagan Theology, Plato's Family, and the ancient Chriftian
Divinity, in the 4th Vol. much Stronger in Cudivortb from
whom he Borrow d it, than in his Difconrfes ; and he feems

fenfible

57 4 ^ COLLECTION

fenfible of this, for he fays to Pope, (to whom he infcribes thefe
EilaysJ That he ought to make an apology for opening bis little
Pedlars Shop oj Learning before him, who has lying by him,
an Immence Storehoufe, in the true Intellectual Syftem. I have
no room to fay any more at prefent, than that I am, Sincerely
your Friend. T p^

EfTex-Street, I\'aj 4th.

Ne Exulent Histriones, an Oration, on the Ule

of tlie Stage.

Q U M tantam in/it Liter I, tantum Com modi capiamus, in

Oratione Tragicorum antiquornm, ad fugiendum, quod vitio

datur, & ad faciendum quod laudi eft, depiclos fpeSlare Thea-

tri t err ores par ate-, Quo omnia quce animam commovere vel lenire

poffimt, in profcenio viice mi?iiaturd accurate depinguntur. Hie

vofmet ipios coniemplari pot eft is. Hie infpicere tanquam in

fpcculum, in vitas omnium atque ex alijs exemplum fumere vobifmet

ipjis pot eft is. Hie vidi, quum crimlna jua palam ante c:ulos per -

jlringebant, libidinofum erubefceniem, fcenum garrientem malcdicen-

tern, dura ille, quern in?iocentia confeia fecurum praftat, nifi quum

virtus ifuriasvel contemptum patitur, imotus fubridet. Nunc mufa

tragica perniciem exhalat, & cum lei his exanguibus fcenam conjper-

'Tit; nunc habit um jocoforem geftat drama, & omni vitio omuique

(lultiiice arridct. Qiiofdam e mnltis Hijirionibus dim hodieque hdc

fcril endi ) "ie claros tacitus radio modi prater ire pofjlim, quoji lam enim

obgeflus <o act lone s turn ferias turn comic a i alios ob pr on unci ati ones

diierius & Orator I as, Jed nominatim per cur re re nimis longum effet,

ucc noflris egeni laudibus: lies enim fua ipjorum Opera melius pres-

dicant, quee fua Nomina ab obliviofa morte vindicata Jens trade?it

n 7 oiibus. ^uis unquam caionem aBoris Virtute afpexit, nee faclis

iuvidit? Quis gemitus audivit, nee dohiit? Aihenierfes atlcrcs legi-

mus

^/LETTERS. 575

mus fuiffe nobilitate aut ullo genere laud is prteflantes, plerumque eti-
am or a 'ores f Poetce fuerunt clarijjimo numero. Audi vim us reges
ipjos primas partes agentcs, & nepos afprmat, partem agere in pub-
lico Theatro non minim: alicui dedecori Jieri. Nominis immor talis
ceternwnque decus Rojcio confertur. Qui tantus Artifex hujufmodi
fcient'uv fuity nt folus digmis videatur, qui in Scend fpeclatur,
Quid igitur Tragadia qua apud prijlinos tantum Estimationis c>
Dignitatis obtinuit, ut a do&ijjimis veneretur ct colatur his tem-
po ribus exulety quid reject a & fpreta Jit, quid iflo Favor e et
Patroeinio indigeat, quorum in Augufti cet ate floruit? Praecipunt
Re rum pubis cor urn bene adminiftratarum finis fait ilia cetate, per-
mittendo fabulas exhiberi, ad commode aceipendum populum cum
aliquo lufu licito, quos tgnavia fcepe aiit, ad malos humor cs difjipan-
dos. Homo etenim, poflquam bonam et bene comment am Fabulam
vidit, Dramate placatus diferdit, parte ferid edafus, techna pre-
heufus, fermonis idiom a prqfeclus. frauclibus admonitus, exemplis
doe: us, vitio fucceufus, et virtu/is amore captius. Dum vera
T rancor um tantum I audi bus ex ere nit co ratio. Co mi cor um excellen-
tiam mentio mihi faciunda fit. Hi enim baud multo minus
laude & honor e quam tragi ci celebrari debent: Comici enim
ij fuerunt qui perfonam juvenum virgine vitiantium & in vino
immode/iorum gerebant avaris & merctricibus vitia monflrabant
dues in hnnc modnm a Tercntio ijlo dcclifjimo comico depingun-
tur, ut alijs illorum vitce fugiaut. uid igitur ijlud quod
omni rei public ec jit profit urum in aternum per eat i fed quid diclis
opus eft cum facia ipfa loquaniur ? Exemplis bonis Hiftrionum
pleni fuut omnes libri, vivar.t igitur omni que, felicitate f runt ur
Hiftriones, en, us Ego Viriiues ita aduuror & colo ut eas omni
pradicatione fuperiores agncjcaw, ideoque Jikre de ijs melius putem.
quam pauca ulcere,

576 i COLLECTION

To the COMPILER.

Dear Sir.

~p O expofe the Whims and ridiculous tafts of thole who
admire and love Dogs beyond nature and common Sence,
be flowing that care and expence upon which would fupport ma-
ny of their poor and diftrefs'd Species, I beg you'll print the
following foolifh Original Letter to a Painter. It was Shrewd-
ly fid by an Old Gentleman well known to a certain voim?

j J JO

Fribble about Town, that afk'd him for his Daughter in Mar-
riage, you fee Sir, me is provided, (who was extravagantly fond
of a little Pappy ) which fhe than had in her Lap.

Your T. P.

Dear Coujin, June 6 th 1741.

Beg the Favour of you to get Mr. T to draw the

Exact, picture of my poor dear little Silvia, I wou'd have
her to be lying on a Cufhion, let all her Beauties be drawn
as her fpotted Chin, Feet, Leggs, Ruffles, fine Ears, pretty
Face, and all the Creature as near like her as poifible ; It mull
be done foon becaufe me won't keep, and I muit. have her
fent home here ^gam to be buried, for I won't have her
thrown away. She died lafr, evening molt furprifir.gly fudden,
which gives us all here a great concern, we join in fervice
to your felf, good Father and Brother, which concludes m e
your affectionate Kinfwoman and,

Oblig'd humble Serv'. R. C,
P S 7 meafured the Length of her Ears, but a few Days
fince, and the Hair was eight Inches long from her Head to the
Top of her Hair.

of L E X .1 ii iv J. 577

y^ 7/ anjlation of a Letter concerning the Dif patch
of Mr. P to France in 1 7 1 1 .

T Doubt not but you arc curious, as many others arc, to
know the Secret of Monfieur C P , an Englifh Gentle-
man's late Journey from London to 'Paris. Perhaps, living
retired as you do, you may not have heard of this Pcrfon,
tho' lbmc Years ago he was very much diftinguifhed at Paris,
and in good Eftccm even with our augufc Monarch. I mud-
let you lb far into his Character, as to tell you, that Mon-
fieur P has ilgnalizcd himtelf, both as an eminent Poet,

and Man of Bufinefs ; was very much valued by the late King
William, who employed him in important Affairs both in
England and Holland. He was Secretary to the Englifi
Ambaily at the Treaty of Refii'iek, and afterwards ro my
Lords the Counts of jP d and '/ y > and, in the Abfencc
of the latter, managed, for ibrne time, the Affairs cf Eng-
land at our Court by himfelf. Since the reign of Queen
A he was employed as Commiilioner of Trade 5 bur the
Miniftry changing ibon after Queen A's coming to the
Crown, Monfieur 5P , who was thought too much attach'd
to the * Rigides, was laid aiide, and lived privately at j- Cam-
bridge y where he is a Profclibr, till he was recalled by the
prcfent Miniftry.

About two Months ago our King, refolving once more to
give Peace to Europe, notwithstanding the iiouriihing Con-
dition of his Fleets and Armies, the good Pofturc of his Fi-
nances $ that his Grandfon was almoft entirely fettled in the
quiet Poffcliion of Spain j and that the Affairs of the Korth
were changing every Day to his Advantage ; offered the Court
- E d to lend a Mmiftcr as far as Bolorn, who mould be

A a a a there

' A Mistake of the Author; for M.,nkV.ir / 7 iij

;t :. 1 j Can. Iridic, nor is a Profcilbr, but u l-Vilow.

57 8 ^COLLECTION

there nice by fome Pcrfons from E d } to treat the Over-
tures of a Peace. Upon the fit-it Notice that this was agreed

to, the King immediately difpatched Monfieur , in whom

lie very much confides, to Bo7ogn y where he rook Lodgings
a: a private Houfe in the Faux Bov.rg at one Mr. de Marais,
Marckand de Soy, who is married to an ErgliJJj Woman
that formerly had been a Suivante to one of the fore- men-
tioned Englijh Ambailador's Ladies, over-againft the Hoftel-
lerie de St. 'Jean. Monfieur ftay'd fix Days with much Im-
patience, when, late at Evening, on Wednefday the 14th of
July ||, a Pcrfon, whom we afterwards knew to be Mon-
fieur i 2 J - , came directly to the Door, and enquired for
Monfieur *De la Bajlide, (the Name and Place, I fuppofe,
having been before concerted:) He was immediately fhewn

unto Monfieur , where, as I am informed, they were

fhut up for three Hours together, without any Refrefhment,
tho' Monfieur T had rid Poft from Calais that Day in a
great deal of Rain. The next Morning I was lent for, in all
hade, by Monfieur de Marais, who told me, that a Perfon
of Quality, as he fufpected, lately come from England^ had
fome Occafion for a Secretary ; and, becaufe he knew 1 un-
derstood the Languages, wrote a tolerable Hand, had been
converfant with Pcrfons of Quality, and formerly trufted with
Secrets of Importance, had been lb kind to recommend me
to the laid Gentleman to fervc him in that Quality. I was

immediately called up, and prefented to Mr. P , who ac-

cofied me with great Civility ; and, after fome Convcrlation,
was pleafed to tell me, I had fully anfwered the Character
Monfieur de Marais had given me. From this Time, to the
Day Monfieur C P left Calais , in order to return to E d y
I may pretend to give you a faithful Account of all his
Motions, and fome probable Conjectures of his whole Ne-
gotiation between Bologn and Vcrfailles.

But

l New Style.

of L E T T E R S. 579

But perhaps, Sir, you may be farther curious to know the
Particulars of Monfieur *P 's Journey to Bologn. It is re-
ported that fome time before the Peace of Ryfwick, King
William did difpatch this very Gentleman to 'Parts, upon
the fame Account for which he now came: This pofTibly
might be the Motive (befides the known Abilities of Mon-
fieur jP ) to fend him a fecond time. The following Par-
ticulars I heard in Difcourfc between Madamoifelle de Ma-
rais and her Husband, which being no great Secrets on. our
fide the Water, I fuppofc were told without Confcquence.

Monfieur P having received his Inftruclions from the

E h Court, under pretence of taking a fhort Journey of

Pleaiure, and vifltinir the Chevalier de H in the Province

of Suffolk, left his Houfe on Sunday Night the nth of
July, N. S. taking none of his Servants with him. Monfieur
M- e, who had already prepared a Bark, with all Nccefla-
ries, on the Coaft of 'Dover, took Monficur P difguifed
in his Chariot. They lay on Monday Night, the 12th of
July, at the Count de J y's Houfe in Kent, arrived in
good time the next Day at Dover, drove directly to the
Shore, made the Sign by waving their Hats, which was an-
fwercd by the Vcffel, and the ; Roat was immediately fent to
take him in, which he entered, wrapt in his Cloak, and
foon got aboard. He was fix Hours at Sea, and arrived at
Calais about eleven at Night, went immediately to the Go-
vernor, who received him with great Refpect; where he lay
all Night, and fct out pretty late the next Morning, being
fomewhat incommoded with his Voyage, and then took Poit
for Bologn, as I have before related.

In the firft Converfation I had the Honour to have with
Monfieur P , he was plcafed to talk as if he would have
occasion for my Service but a very few Days, and fecmed rc-
folved, by his Dilcourfe, that after he had difpatched his

A a a a 2 Com-

5 8o A COLLECTION

Commifilon with Monficur de la Baftide (for Co wc (hall

>m henceforward call that Miniftcr) he would return
to Z- ^/. By this 1 found I mould have but Uttie Em-
ployment in Quality of Secretary 5 however, having heard
lo great a Character of him, I was willing to attend him in
any Capacity he pkaicd. Pour Days we continued at Bo-
logriy wiicre Monficur de la Bafltde and Monficur P had
two long Conferences every Day from ten to one at Noon,
and from fix till nine in the Evening. Monficur C P did
mc the Honour to lend me fomc Meat and Wine con-
ilantly from his own Tabic. Upon the third Morning I was
ordered to attend early, obferved Monficur P to have a
pleafant Countenance ; he asked me what I thought of a
Journey to E d? and commanded me to be ready at an
Hour's Warning j but upon the fourth Evening ail this was
changed, and I was directed to hire the beft Horfe I could
rind for myfelf.

W r c fct out early the next Day, Sunday the 18th, for 'Pa-
ris, in Monficur de la Bajhdes Chaife, whofe two Attend-
ants and myfelf made up the Equipage 3 but a lmall Valife>
which 1 fuppofe contained Monficur P J s Inilruciions, lie
was pieafed to trull to my Care to carry on Horfeback j
which Truil I difcharged with the utmofT Faithfulnefs.

Somewhat above two Leagues from Bologn> at a fmall
Village called Neile, the Ax!etrcc broke, which took us two
If./urs to mend 3 we baited at JSlontrevil, and lay that Night
at Allu'Jtlle. But I (hall not give you any Detail of cur
Journey, which palled without any confiderabie Accident,
till we arrived within four Leagues of 'Paris 5 when, about
three in the Afternoon, two Cavaliers, well mounted and
armed with Thiols, crolTed the Road, then turn'd fhort and

e up briskly to the Chaife, commanding the Coachman
'j - 0, Monficur de la Baft ides two Attendants were im-
mediately

^/LETTERS. 581

mediately up with them ; but I, who guciTed at the Impor-

tance of the Charge that Monfteur P had intruded me

with, tho' I was in no fear for my own Per fori, thought it
mod: prudent to advance with what fpced I could, to a imall
Village, about a quarter of a League forward, to wait the
Event. I iben obferved the Chaife to come on without any
Disturbance, and I ventured to meet it; when I found that
it was only a Frolick of two young Cadets of Quality, who
had been making a Debauch at a Friend's Houfe hard by,
and were returning to Paris ; one of them was not un-
known to Monfieur de la BaJUde. The two Cavaliers be-
gan to rally me, laid I knew how to make a Retreat, with
fome other Plcalantrics ; but Monfieur P , (who knew
the Caufe) highly commended my Difcretion. We conti-
nued our Journey very merrily, and arrived at 'Pans on
Tuefday the 20th in the Cool of the Evening.

At the Entrance of the Town our two Cavaliers left us,

and Monfieur de la Bajlide conducted Monfieur P to a

private Lodging in the Rue St. Louis, which, by all Cir-
cumftances, I concluded to be prepared for his Reception.
Here I fir ft had Orders to fay, that the Gentleman to whom
I had the Honour to belong, was calfd Monfieur Matthews ;
I then knew no othcrwife. Afterwards, at Ver failles, I
overhead in Conversion with Monfieur tie la Bajlide, that
his real Name was P .

Monfieur B would have had Monfieur Matthews to

have gone with him next Morning to Ver failles, but could
not prevail with him to comply ; of which I could never be
able to learn the Rcalbn. Our M miller was very importu-
nate, and Monfieur P fecmed to have no Fatigue re-
maining from his journey, perhaps he might conceive it
more fuitablc to his Dignity, that Monfieur de la Bajlide
mould go before to prepare the King, by giving Notice oi

his

582 ^COLLECTION

his Arrival. However it were, Monfieur B -made all
hade to Verfailles, and returned the fame Night. During
his Abfence, Monfieur *P never ftirred out of his Cham-
ber 5 and after Dinner did me the Honour to fend for me
up, that I might bear him Company, as he was pleated to
exprefs it. I was furprized to hear him wondering at the
Mifery he had obferved in our Country, in his Journey
from Calais, at the Scarcity and Poverty of the Inhabitants,
which he faid did much exceed even what he had feen in
his former Journey ; for he owned that he had been in
France before. He fecmed to value himfelf very much
upon the Happinels of his own Ifland, which, as he pre-
tended, had felt noEffeds, liksjhefc, upon Trade or Agri-
culture.

I made bold to return for Anfwer, Thnt in our Nation
we only confulted the Magnificence and Power of our Prince;
but that in England, as I was informed, the Wealth of the
Kingdom was fa divided among the People, that little or
nothing was left to their Sovereign 5 and that it was confi-
dently told (tho J hardly believed in France) that fome Sub-
jects had Palaces more magnificent than Q- A herfelf:
That I hoped, when he went to Verfailles, he would allow
the Grandeur of our potent Monarch to exceed, not only
that of E d, but any other in Europe, by which he would
find that what he called the Poverty of our Nation, was
rather the Effect of Policy in our Court, than any real
Want or Neceffity. Monfieur *P had no better Anfwer
to make me, than that he was no Stranger to our Court,
the Splendor of our Prince, and the Maxims by which he
governed ; but for his part, he thought thofe Countries
were happier, where the Productions of it were more equally
divided. Such unaccountable Notions is the Prejudice of
Education apt to give ! In thefc and the like Difcourfes wc

wore

of L E T T E R S. 583

wore away the Time till Monficur de la Baftides Return ,
who after an Hour's private Conference with Monficur T ,
which I found by their, Countenances had been warmly pur-
fued on both fides, a Chariot and fix Horfcs (to my great
Surprife) were inftantly ordcr'd, wherein the two Miniftcrs
entered, and drove away with all Expedition, myfclf only
attending on Horfeback, with my important Valife.

We got to Ver failles on Wednefday the 21ft about eleven
at Night ; but inftead of entering the Town, the Coachman
drove us a back Way into the Fields, till we ftopt at a cer-
tain Vineyard, that 1 afterwards undcrftood joined to the
Gardens of Madam Maintenoris Lodgings. Here the two
Gentlemen alighted ; Monficur C P calling to me, bid me
fearch in the Valife for a fmall Box of Writings ; after
which the Coachman was ordered to attend in that Place 5
and we proceeded on fome Paces, till we flopt at a little
Poflern which opened into the Vineyard, whereof Monficur
B- had the Key. He opened it very readily, and fhut it
after them, defining me to flay 'till their Return.

I waited with fome Impatience for three Hours, the great
Clock (truck two before they came out j the Coachman,
who 1 fuppofe had his Inftruftions before, as loon as they
were gor into the Chariot, drove away to a fmall Houfe
at the End of the Town, where Monficur B left us to our-
felves. I obferved Monficur !P was very thoughtful; and
without entering into any Convcrfation, defired my Affift-
ancc to put him to-bed. Next Morning, l^hurfday the 2 2d,
I had pofitive Orders not to 11 i r abroad : About ten o'Clock
Monficur B came ; the Houfe being fmall, my Apartment
was divided from Monficur *P 's by a thin Wainlcor, lb that
I could readily hear what they laid, when they railed their
Voice, as they often did. After fome time 1 could hear
Monficur de la Bajlide lay, with Warmth, Bon l Dieu ! &c.
1 Good

584 ^ COLLECTION

Good God ! Were ever fitch 'Demands made to a great Mo-
narch, unlefs you were at the Gates of his Metropolis ?
For the Love of God, Monfieur P relax fomething, if
your Injlrufiions will permit you, elfe I pall defpair of any
good Snccefs in our Negotiation : Is it not enough that our
King will abandon his Grandfon, but he mujl lend his own
Arm 1 pull him out of the Throne ? Why did you not
open y our f elf to me at Bologn ? Why are you- more unexo-
rable here at Verfailles ? Tou have rifin in your Demands,
by feeing Madam Maintcnon V Defire for a Peace. As able
as you are to continue the War, confider vjhich is to be moji
preferred, the Good of your Country, or the particular Ad-
vantage of your G 1 j for he will be the only Gainer

among your Subjects ? Monfieur P , who has a low Voice,
and had not that Occafion for Pafiion, anfwered fo foftly,
that I could not well underftand him ; but upon parting, I
heard him lay, If you infift fill on thefe Difficulties, my
next Audience will be that of Leave.

Three Hours after Monfieur de la Baflide returned again,
with a Countenance more compofed : He asked Monfieur
P if lie would give him leave to dine with him? Having
no Attendance. I readily offered my Service at * Table,
which Monikur P was pleated to accept with abundance
or Apologies. I found they were come to a better Under-
llanding. Air, P has a great deal of Wit and Vivacity s
he entertained Monfieur de la Bajtide with much Plealantry,
notwithfianding their being upon the Reierve before me.
That Mr/ificiir, fays Mr. Matthews, if he were un \ parti-
cuiicr, would be the mojl agreeable "Per fori in the World.
1 imagined they Ipoke of the King ; but going often in and
our, I could not preferve the Connexion of their Difcourfe.

Did

;)\ thi' and fome other preceding Particulars, we may difcover what
ivit ci S'.'.T'vtaiy the Author was j A j rivatc Man,

of L E T T E R S. 585

^Did you mind how obligingly he enquired, whether our
famous Chevalier Newton was ft ill living ? He told me
my good Friend poor * Dcfprcaux was dead fince I was in
France ; and asked me after J9. A 's Health. Thcfe are
ibme of the Particulars I over-heard whilft at Dinner, which
confirmed my Opinion, That Monficur T laft Night had
an Audience of his Majcfly.

About ten that Evening Monficur de la Bajtide came to
take Monficur Matthews to go to the fame Place they were
at before 5 I was permitted to enter the Vineyard, but not
the Gardens, being left at the Gate to wait their Return,
which was in about two Hours time. The Moon fhonc
bright, and by Monficur Matthews's manner, I thought he
appeared fomewhat dillatisficd. When he came into his
Chamber, he threw off his Hat in iomc Pailion, folded his
Arms, and walked up and down the Room for above an
Hour, extreme pen five. At length he called to be put to-
bed, and ordered me to ict a Candle by his Bed-fide, and to
fetch him ibme Papers out of his Valife to read.

On Friday the 23d in the Morning, Monficur Matthews
was fo obliging to call me to him, with the Affurancc tlmt
he was extremely pleafcd with my Difcretion and Manner
ofAddreis; as a Proof of which Satisfaction, he would give
me Leave to fatisfy my Curiofity with feeing fo fine a Place
as Ver failles j telling me, he fnould return next Day to-
wards Bologne ; and therefore advifed me to go immediately
ro view the Palace, with this Caution (tho' he did not fup-
pofc I needed it) not to fay any thing of the Occafion that
brought me to Ver failles.

Monficur de la Baftide having ftaid the Afternoon with
Monficur Matthews, about eight o'clock they went to the
Rendezvous. My Curiofity had led me in the Morning to

Bbbb take

* Monficur BolUwi, the famous French Poet.

586 ^COLLECTION

take a ftridter View of the Vineyard and Gardens. I re-
mained at the Gate as before. In an Hour and half's time
Monfieur Matthews, with Monfieur de la Bajiide, another
Gentleman, and a Lady, came into the Walk : T)e la Ba-
ft; de opened the Gate, and held it fome time in his Hand.
Whilft Monfieur. Matthews was taking his Leave of thoie
Perfons, I heard the Lady fay, at parting, Monfieur > Songez
vcus, &c. Confider this Night on what we have /aid to
you. The Gentleman feconded her, faying, Ouy, ouy, Mon-
fieur > Songez vous en pour la dernier fois : Ay, ay, Sir, con-
jider for the laft time. To which Monfieur Matthews an-
fwered briskly in going out, Sire, tout on rien, &c. Sir, All
or none, as 1 have had the Honour to tell your Majejiy be-
fore. Which puts it beyond difpute what the 'Quality of
thofe * Perfons were, by whom Monfieur Matthews had the
Honour to be entertained.

On Saturday the 24th Monfieur Matthews kept clofe as
before, telling me a Port Chaifc was ordered to carry him
to Calais, and he would do me the grace to take me with
him, to keep him company in the Journey, for he mould
leave Monfieur de la Baftide at Ver failles. Whilft we were
difcourfing, that Gentleman came in with an open Air and
a imiiing Countenance ; he embraced Monfieur Matthews,
and feemed to feci fo much Joy, that he could not cafily con-
ceal it. I left the Chamber, and retired to my own ;
whence I could hear him fay, Courage, Monfieur, no tra-
velling to day, Madam Maintcnon will have me once more
condiic'i you io her. After which I was called, and received
Orders about Dinner, &c. Monfieur de la Baftide told mc
wc mould feu out about Midnight. He {laid the red of the
Day with Monfieur Matthews. About ten o'clock they
went forth, but difpenfed with my Attendance ; it was one
in the Morning before they returned, tho' the Chaifc was at
* f'hy rli.Tj and Madam Maintcnon. the

^LETTERS. 5 8 7

frhc Gate foon after eleven. Monficur Matthews took a
iMorfel of Bread, with a large Glafs of Hermitage Wine ;
after which thev embraced with much Kindncfs, and Co
parted.

Our Tourney to Calais pafs'd without any Accident worth
Informing you. Monficur 'P , who is of a Conftitution
fomewhat tender, was troubled with a Rheum, which made
ipcaking uneafy to him; but it was not lb at all to me, and
therefore I entertained him as well as I could, chiefly with
the Praifcs of our great Monarch, the Magnificence of his
Court, the Number cf his Attendants, the Awe and Vene-
ration paid him by his Generals and Miniftcrs, and the im-
nienfe Riches of the Kingdom. One Afternoon, in a final!
Village between Ckaumont and Beauvais, as I was difcour-
fing on this Subject, fcveral poor People followed the Chaifc
to beg our Charity ; one louder than the reft, a comely
Pcrfon, about fifty, all in Rags, but with a Mien that fhew'd
him to be of a good Houfe, cried out, Monjieuf, pour I'a-
mour de T)ieu, &c. Sir, for the Love of God, give feme-
thing to the Marquis de Sourdis : Monficur T , half aflccp,
roufed himfclf up at the Name of Mar 'qui >, tailed the poor
Gentleman to him, and obferving fomething in his Beha-
viour like a Man of Quality, very generoufly threw him a
Tiftole. As the Coach went on ; Monficur *P- asked me,
with much Surprifc, Whether 1 thought it poflible that un-
happy Creature could be* un veritable Marquis? for if it
were lb, finely the Mifcrics of our Country mufl be much
greater than even our very Enemies could hope or believe.
I made bold; to tell him, That I thought we could not well
iiidgc from Particulars to Generals, and that I was lure there
were great Numbers of MarquiflVs in France who had ten
rhouiand Livres a Year, I tell you this Paflage, to let you ice

B b b b 2 tl

A rc.il Marquis,

1 if

588 ^COLLECTION

that the wiled Men have fomc Prejudices of their Country
about them! We got to Calais on IVednefday the 28th in
the Evening, and the next Morning (the 29th) I took my
Leave of Monfieur "T , who thanking me in the civillctt
manner in the World, for the Service I had done him, very
nobly made me a Prefent of fifty Piftoles, and Co we parted.
He put to Sea with a fair Wind, and I fuppofe, in a few
Hours landed in England.

This, Sir, is the utmoft: I am able to inform you about
Monfieur jP 's Journey and Negociation 5 Time alone will
let us know the Events of it, which are yet in the Dark,

/ am,

Sir,

Tour mojl obedient >

And moft humble Servant,

Du Baudrier.

Toftfeript by the Tranjlator.
HE Authc

T H E Author of this Trad having left his Matter on Ship-

board at Calais, had, it feems, no further Intelligence
when he publifhed it ; neither am I able to fupply it but by
what paffes in common Report ; which being in every Body's
Mouth, but with no Certainty, I think it needlefs to repeat.

To Dr. Owen.

Sir,

This Day, and not before, perufed two late Tracts

wherein you are concerned. I perceive you are fuf-

ticiently befmcarcd with the Spawn of a poifonous Pen,

and have to do with one that refolved to drain up the

Dreos

of L E T T E R S. 589

Dregs of his Choler, one whofc Talent lies in Railing, and
his Gift of Utterance in evil Speaking. The Contents of
his Book, from firft to laft, is nothing elfc but the naufcous
unlavoury Excrement of Lull and Paflion, which formally
constitute the Man. There is no End with fuch a fmall
theological Fop $ he'll never want ill Words as long as the
Alphabet lafts ; as is the Man, fo is the Book, earthly, fen-
ilial, dcvilifh ; the bell: Part of it feems no better to mc
than a School- boy's Declamation ; and as a rude one, exceed-
ing all Bounds of Civility and Good-manners, deferves the
Rebuke of a Whip. The Philolbphcrs arc Fools with
him, the Fathers arc the Dirt under his Feet s modern Wri-
ters (I perceive) beneath his notice. To quote Latin and
Greek he fcorns as pedantic, a Trunk-hole Learning; the
Reformed Churches are all under his heavy Damnation, but
that of the Bifhops here (there you may be fure the White
was hit with a witnefs !) He fports himfclf with the Sab-
bath, and calls it (that Sabbath) and makes it the Picafure
of his Scorn. Chrift himfclf comes under his Lafh (vile
Wretch) and is made to be tranfported with intemperate
zleal : He lays about him at that rate, and with fuch nimble
Removes flies from one Quarry to another, that I am con-
fident there's no lefs Motion in the Man's Brains, than there
is in the Earth, by the Hypothefis of Copernicus. Whither
will this little ecclefiaftical Huff, this Knight of the Sun, pur-
fiic this Errantry at laft! How far will this Phrenfy fupport
his Carrecre ? He has fparcd no one Thing in his way, but
makes an Jlgag of every Thing that comes near him, and
hews it to Pieces. I would as much avoid his Quarters, as I
would have done Robin Hood's Road. Well, I hope Ty-
thagoras his Metempfychojis was but a Fancy 5 'twere fad to
think fuch a Soul ihould infeft any other Bodies, or take a

Round

5 qo ^COLLECTION

Round in human Nature ; 'twere to be very cruel 'to Man*
kind, ro leave fuch a Genius as this entailed as an Hein&omc
upon the World. Did not I fometimes meet with better
Men, I would much fooncr let up for a SouI-fkcpcr y than a
Pythagorean. He has called you (and it's nothing to call a
Peribn of known Learning, Gravity, Age, and Moderation
lb) Fool, Knave, Sot, Rebel, Dunce, Viper, Beaft, and what
not ; that the Fail of Adam has ftaincd the World with ?
From the Womb of Eve, and the Loins of the firft Man,
never yet came fuch a raging furious Zealot for a Party of
Men. This patient good Soul, of an eafy Nature (if you'll
believe him) diflikes nothing but intemperate Zeal and reli-
gious Fury 5 and yet the World never produced an equal In-
fiance to himlclf in both. He gives every Man he deals
with Gall and Vinegar to drink, and ufes his Adverfary as
the Jews did our Saviour, who, when their Rcafon was
Ipent, took up Stones. If he keep temperate for a Page
(which is rare) immediately he treats himfclf again with his
Sweet-meats of Railing. He profefies (good Man) to balk
much, becaufe the Conqucft would prove too eafy, and he
has Triumph enough over the reft. What a merciful Hero
it is ! When he is full-gorged with the Blood of his Enemy,
and his Spoils grow too large for his Wardrobe, how kindly
he bears back ! Well, never could Ariftotle more juftly put
in his Claim to the Art of Logick, than thou mayft to the
Grace of Modcfty. Is there never a Shadwell living that
can write the Second Part of Sir Pofitivc ; and when fuch
a boifrcrous Humour infefts the World, and fwells to a pub-
Hck Nuifancc, can chafrife it upon the Stage, and turn fuch
fantaftick Empiricks into open Ridicule? There's no way to
lance fuch ulcerous Impofttirnations in Mens Brains, but by
publick Anatomy. How pleafant would it be to ice fuch a

c little

of L E T T E R S. 591

] -trie frisking Sophifter appear upon the Stage thundering
clown Legions of Phanaticks, and qualhing the whole Parry
with one Single Syllogifm ! Without doubt Archimedes his
Engines at Syracufe, were never more dreadful to the Ro-
mans under Marcellus^ than a Major and a Minor arc in
this Man's Hands, to the Phanaticks 5 certain Death always
in the Conclusion. Sir, in Short, 1 perceive the Man ab-
hors the Thoughts of Infpiration, and yet I dare fay he is
inlpircd (you may guefs by whom) above any Man in this
Age, unlcfs it be his trufty Roger that writes the Poftfcripr.
(Til wrong no Man of his Gifts) 5 they take their Turns, and
know their Parts as well as ever did any two Jugglers that
v. ere to Shew Tricks together. But, Sir, I hope you arc too
wife to purfue the Cornell ; you'll find, to your Cod, there
are dill Giants on the Earth; there are, as well now as of
old, Men of Renown. Believe it, you had better have dis-
puted the Eufincfs of a Syllogifm with Ariftotle, or any Point
of Divinity with St. Augiiftine : Kay, as he is affiftcd with
that Malleus Thanaticorum that brings up his Rear, yon
might, with lefs Danger to yourfclf, have fought Alexander
the Great , had he Julius Cafar for his Second ; (lain you'll
be, to be fare ; but to die in warm Blood, I confefs, is a
Death more generous and eafy. All the Hopes your Friends
have, is but to fetch off their Dead, and lave your Carcafe
from the Fowls of the Air. Sir, you fee I am plcafant, and
io are you, I hope. 'Tis no Dill' race, I allure you, to re-
ceive an Affront from one that makes it his BuSinefs to hec-
tor the Gofpe!. When I am ferious, I remember that Pal-
Sage, And vhat zi' 'ill you do in the End thereof? Heaven
is a quiet Place : Flow delightful is a Ail! and Safe Harbour
after a Storm : Sir, farewcl. I mall only tell you I am
not without my Litany ; 'tis a Short one, I confefs but

592 ^ COLLECTION

I think fignifi'cant, viz. From the Devil and all his Works,
from Parker and all his Books, good Lord deliver me.

Tours, See.

Letters fro7n the great Dr. Baker, of St. John's
College, in Cambridge, to Mr. Cook.

Worthy Sir,

ESTFRDAY, by the Conveyance of the Waggon, I
received your noble Prefent of Books, and take the
firft Opportunity of returning my Thanks for ib great and
undeserved a Favour 5 and tho' I have yet had little time to
perufe them, yet I have feen enough already to know how
much I am engaged to you, not only for the Prefent, but
for the Performance.

As I am to thank you for the Books, fo I am next to
apologize for the Print, which doubtlefs colt you too dear ;
I hope you will believe I had not Vanity enough to counte-
nance fuch a Dciign. When I firft heard of it, I did all I
could to fupprefs it, but it was not in my Power to hinder
them to play the fool with my Face ; they might have fpent
their Time and Pains better in taking yours, and I dare fay-
more to their Advantage.

I am forry to hear of your want of Health, which I fin-
cerely wifh you, as well for your own fake, as for the Uic
of the Public. I condole with you for the Death of my Lord
"Pembroke, a Lofs that will be lamented by all thofe that have
anv Regard to creat Worth and much Learning. I am,

Sir,

With true EJleem,
Cambridge, j a ^j ent humble Servant,

June 24, 1733. J >

Tho. Baker.

^/LETTERS, 593

From the fame to Mr. Cook.

Worthy Sir,

Y\f HAT you have heard concerning my Lord Oxford *
and me, I can aflure you is a great Miftake. I have
that Regard and Honour for his Lordihip, that any Book in
my Study mould be at his Service without Reward ; but the
Report you mention is altogether groundlefs, and without
Foundation.

I am glad to hear of Dr. Tancred Robin/on s Health, for
whom I have the fame Efteem he has for me, and much
more defervedly, well remembering the great Character he
bore in College, when mine was very obfeure. Be pleafed,
Sir, when you fee him again, to prefent my humble Service
and beft Wiihes for his Health.

I wifh you all Succefs in your new Edition of Hejiod, the
hrft whereof, as I have perufed with Pleafure, fo I am not
Critic enough, to pretend to make Improvements j which truly,
us far as I can judge, it will not want, I am.

Worthy Sir,

Cambridge,

luiy 22, 1-33. Tour moji obedient humble Servant,

T110. Baker.

Worthy Sir,

\ A M clearly of an Opinion, that it is beft for you to re-
tain the Latin. Name of -J- Gabrial Faemus. But that I
-night not feem to be opinionative, I confulted a Friend who
.has been in Italy, and a Year or two at Rome, who is of

C c c c the

* Which is, that Lord Oxford had purchafed his MSS.
t One of the earlieft and moft judicious Editors of Terence.

594 ^COLLECTION.

the fame Opinion, and thinks if you mould Italianize the

Name, it would be loft to Men of Letters, to whom he is

now fo well and fo defervedly known. He never heard of

fuch a Family-name in Italy, and is not fure but he might

be a German by Birth or Extraction.

I am to thank you for your entertaining Account of Mr.

Dennis, who with his fine Parts, feems to have been an

unfortunate Man. He may have been a Year or two older,

than entered upon the Books ; for it is ufual with young

Scholars to give in their Age too low, efpecially if they be

admitted old. I am,

Worthy Sir,

Tpur mofi obedient humble Servant %

Tho. Baker.,

IVorthy Sir,

*T* O your Enquiry I fend an Anfwer from Thijanus Anno
MDLXI. ] Subia: Gabriel Facrnus Cremonenfis ultimum

diem claujit, immaturd morte ereptus, qui in Pii IV. P. M.
dum adhuc Carduialis ejjet, et pojlea in Caroli Borromcvi non
minus nobilitate generis, quam morum fanSlimonid illuftrijjimi
Cardinalis Familid, politionis litter aturce Jludia excoluit, et ex-
act a in fcriptis veterum ad codices MS S. examinandis dili-
gent id ac folertid excelluit, quod qucedam Ciceroni s poft obi turn,
ejus publica, et lerrentius imprimis, aliquot pojl Am lis a P:
Viclorio, fummo Faerni admiratore editus pojleris viflabuntur.

The Duke of Somerfet was elected Chancellor of this
Univerfity Anno 1688, and has continued Chancellor longer
than any one ever did, to the great Honour and Advantage

j/LETT.E-RS, 595

of the Univerfity, to which he has been a noble Benefactor,
by giving f oo /. towards the New Building or Senate Houfe,
and i poo/, by himfelf, or by his Interefl, to our Prefss be-
fides Books of a confiderable Value, Rymer's Fadera Seven-
teen Volumes j and his Countenance and good Offices at ail
Times. I am,

Worthy Sir,

Cambridge, 2 our moll obliged humble Servant.

Aug. 26, 1733.

Tho. Baker.

Worthy Sir,

HP O your Enquiries I anfwer, Ifaac Newton was admit-
ted into Trinity-College under Mr. 'Pulieyn, (the fame,
I prefumc, that was afterwards Greek ProfeiTor) Jun. 3.
An. 1661. Art. Bac, An. 1664,-5. Art. M r An. 1668. ad-
mitted Socius Minor Coll. Trin. Otl. 2. An. 1667. Socius
Major 16685 fucceeded Dr. Barrow as Marhematic Pro-
feflbr, Nov. 8. An. 1669 ; who, tho' he were not his Tutor,
yet inftrueted and encouraged him in the ftudy of mathe-
matics.

Nat. Lee (the Poet) was of the fame College (admitted
from Weftminfter School) where I do not find he took any
Degree, as his Friend and Collcgean Mr. c Dryd&n did; and
their being of the fame College, might be one Grouud of
their Friendfhip and Acquaintance : His End, you know,
was deplorable, and much to be lamented, and is therefore
to be palled over in Silence.

Ben. Johnfcn (by Tradition) is claimed by '-.St. John's
College, of which Houfc he is generally allowed to have

Cccc 2 been

596 // COLLECTION

been admitted even by Mr. Wood(Athan. Oxon. Coll. fi8.)
who placeth him among the Oxford Writers, as having
taken a Degree there. We have no Regifter in the College
(o antient, and therefore I can fay nothing more from the
College Monuments. He (Ben Johnfon) is faid to have
imitated and borrowed from Tlautus -, and that, I pre-
sume, was the Reafon of your Enquiry. Wifhing you Sue-
cefs in that Undertaking, I am,

Worthy Sir,

Cambridge, Your moft obedient humble Servant.

March 5,1736.

Tho. Baker.

Mr. Henley to Mr. Cook.

SPear Cook,
HP O fpeak in the ministerial, or rather fenatoriai Stile, I
have been fo taken up with preparing Matters againft
the Houfe meets, that all other Bufinefs has efcaped from
me: Such mighty Power has Politicks !

Harry-, whofe Genius drives a different Way, has met
with vaft Succefs j Numbers of Blackbirds daily feel his
Power, and the Thrujh. tho' fo much in Requcft amongft the
Romans, is the common Food of my Houfekecper's car.

The Grub this Week has afforded me great Plcafure, the
delightful Articles between Player and Patentee are inimi-
table, and the beft Sneer that ever was printed 5 the Serene

Infant is a moft exquiftte Title for C r s the Tropofal of

Marriage a happy Thought to make the Comedy compleat ;
the Guarantees moft plcafant and ridiculous, can be taken
for no other Perfon, but the T)utch and fome others.
Whoever the Author was, I rejoice at his happy Thought,

and

^/LETTERS, 597

and mould be proud to kifs his for the Pleafure he has
afforded me.

You wonder what can keep me in the Country, now the
Verdure is nipt by the Rigour of the Scafon, and Nature
has robb'd my Groves of their fhady Leaves j when I fay it
is a Woman, you'll perhaps condemn me ; but fhe has only
the Name of Woman, and as much defpifes the Vices, low
abandoned Artifices and Follies of many of her Sex, as you
or 1 5 fhe has more Charms, and lefs Affectation, than the
whole Sex ; fhe has Wit to make her an agreeable Compa-
nion, and too much good Senfe to be impertinent. In
fhort, fhe now calls me to Breakfafl, fo can only fay, I am,

Grange, Jan. Tour obedient Servant,

i3> !733-

A. Henley.

Ambrofe Philips to Mr. Cook.

"Dear Sir, June 11, 1746,

/~\N the 13th paft I received the Favour of your Packet,
with a Specimen ofPlautus. I like your Ode, and the
Spirit of Liberty and Learning dirfufed through it. Your
Ode *, in my Opinion, runs into a greater Length than the
Vcrfe you have choien can well bear, through the two fre-
quent Return of the Rhyme.

This is the third Summer I have propofed to vifit Lon-
don^ but it will not do j when I can with Prudence do it, I
lhali not fail to vifit you. I am,

With great Truth and Affettion,
Tour mofi faithful and humble Servant y
I am very well. Ambr. Philips

* My Hymn to Liberty he here fpeaks of.

Ambrofe
4

S9 8 ^COLLECTION

Ambrofe Philips, Efq\ to Mr. Cook.
Sir,

T AM about five Months indebted for the Favour of your
laft > it mult have colt you no fmall Pains to. make fo
good a dramatic Piece of fo private and barren a Story qs you
chofe for your laft Play. I think your Preface to Plautus
is very proper, and am very thankful for the friendly Notice
you are pleafed to take of me. I have read the Pleasures
of the Imagination 5 there are in it frequent Obfcurities,
and it glares too much. I am forry I have been difappointcd
in my intended Journey to London > I (hall be glad to i
of your Health, who am, Sir,

Moft fincerely your faithful and humble Servant

July 31, 44-

A. Philips.

Grange, Aug. 19, 1733.

'Dear Sir,

T A M pleafed with your Reflections on Zeno, but excufe
me if I think them unjuft. Certainly the prefent Perfons
ele&cd, and who you fay are to be inftalled, will be rc^
corded in Hiftory, and never die while Liberty is refpe&ed
in this Nation, and the Names of thofe who would give it
up tranfmitted to Pofterity. You furprife me at the Slight
you put upon the EiTays which Mr. Tope now owns, fince
I was influenced by you to read them, whether from the
Worth ot the Thing, or your Recommendation, I cannot
fay; but I will endeavour to think ill of them, fince you
difapprove them.

The

^LETTERS, 599

The Barrennefs of News is what gives me moft Concern;
but what the Grub wants in Fables, it makes up in Moral,
I fancy, tho' you do not own it, I may fet you down fop
the Author of the Letter from the Pegafus, marked P. M*
if it is not, I afk Pardon, and think fome other Perfon has
happily your Vein of Writing.

I fuppofe Jack El/is, to whum I beg my Service, entertains
you with much Gallantry ; this vacant Time he may inftruct
you in Painting, while you give him fome Inftruclions to enjoy
the Mother of it Poetry. Perhaps it may turn out a motley
Breed, which has always been efteemed, by the Curious, to
be the moft perfect of the Harlequin race,

Having nothing more to add, and my boiled Milk coming
up, I hope you you'll permit me to be.

Your obliged humble Servant,

Ant. Henley.

P. S. If Dennis is fill alive, pray let me know who mends
Riding-breeches well ; I fiould de glad to employ a Perfon
recommended by fo judicious a Critic.

A Letter from the beforemention'd Dr. Bahr, of
Cambridge, to Mr. Cook,

Sir,

[ am glad, if my laft were of any ufe to you : That very Paf-
fage in He/iod, that occafions fo much Criticifm, is quoted by
//. Stephens in his Greek Lexicon : If you have not oblerv'd it
already, be pleafed to turn to the word W;.aw and you will find
fomewhat to your purpofe.

Lord Shaft/bury was of 'Trinity College in Oxford. His Life is
wrote under this Title, Rawleigh Redivivus, or the Life and
Death of Anthony late Earl of Shaft fury, 1683. 8vo. I prelume,
it is to be met with in the Shops, or if you have it not, I have
it at your Service.

I cannot find, that Algernoon Sidney was of this Univerfitv.

6oo A COLLECTION.

Learned. I know nothing more of him, then what you have in
pur common Hiltories, in his Book, and in his Tryal ; where
tho' I am fully fatisfy'd, he had hard meafure, yet if you look
into Ludlow 's Memoirs Vol. 3. Pag. 119, you will find, he was
not altogether Innocent in his Intentions.

Had I ever receiv'd your Book ( viz. Mr. Marvell's Poetical
Works ) I mould have been mod rude, as well as ungrateful,
had I not return'd my thanks. That I did not. I believe Was,
thro' old Mr neglec~l, for his fon was with me ; I owe

you my Thanks, for the two large acknowledgments you made
for the fmall Service, I could do you.

Mr. Cox's Waggon, Inns at the Vine in Biflcfs-Gate, goes
out of London on Wednefday and Thurfday. There is another
Waggon belonging to Mr. Lancafier, where it Inns, I am not
fure, no doubt, fome where in Bifiofts-Gate.

Cambridge, Sept. igth.

My humble Service to Mr. Grona.

I am Sir,
Tour mofl obliged humble Servant,
Tho. Baker

Mr. Whifton to M. Cook.

<j ? y Great -Rujfel-Street, over-againii

Mont ague ~Houfe, Sept, 9, 1730.

|J PON the Receipt of your Problem, which requires a pretty
deal of Calculation, and will not determine the Time of
Hefiod with any Exactnefs, I think it fit to inform you, that
perhaps you may determine the Time better with Sir. Ifaac
Newton, who obferves, Vol. V. pag. 32 your Author takes No-
tice, that in his Days the riling of Arclurus at Sun-fet was 60
Days after the Winter Solftice. Op. & Dies, v. 183 185,
which agrees to 870 Years before the Chriftian /Era, or therea-
bouts: Which correfponding to the Teftimonies of the Antients,
has no Objection againft it that I know of. However, if this
does not iatisfy you, I will try to refolve your Problem as foon
as I hear from you ; and am,

! VC) 'Ml,

W I i L W HIST N 1 .

/LETTERS. 601

The fame to Mr. Cook.

Sir, ^P- 21, 1 730-

Q O O N after I had font away my Letter to you, I looked

into Hefiod, and found, or thought I found, his Mean-
ing to be, that Harvcft began when the Pleiades a role ; or
20 Days after they were in Conjunction with the Sun ; and
ploughing, when there wanted 20 Days of that Conjunction.
Now fincc the Equinox was then about March 30, (in the
Julian Year) extended backward, and the Pleiades about 20
Degrees in Aries, or in Conjunction about April 10 in the
lame Year j Harveit mud then begin about May 9, and
ploughing 40 Days fooner, or about March 30, which an-
fwer now to April 20, and March 10. But how thefc
Days were called in the Year that Hejiod made ufe of, I do
not know 5 nor do I guefs how you can tell, that his nth
Day of a certain Month anfwercd to the nth Day of any
Julian Month. The Intercalations of the Greeks were
much later than his Days ; nor am I able to ftate his Year,
without which your Conjecture will be of no Ufe to us.
However, fince in Judea their Harveit began about three
Vv r ecks fooner than this Character allows for Greece, you
ought rather to have placed his nth Day for reaping to
May than July. As for your Notes upon Sir Ifaac Nek-
ton's Chronology, they are moft of them taken Notice of
already in my Confutation of his Chronology, which I fup-
pofe you have not leen ; and which, if you deftre it, I will
lend you. I am,

Sir,

Tour very humble Servant,

Will. Whisto#<

D d d d It

602 ^COLLECTION

If Hefiod ufes here a Lunar Year, that altering every Year
about 1 1 Days, which is the Lunar Epact, we arc (till at a
great Lofs to fix any of his Days to our Solar Year.

To Mr, Cook from the fame.
Sir,

TV/TR. Bedford has calculated the lifing of Arciurits at
Sunfet to the 1014th Year before the Chriftian /Era,
Animadverfions on Sir I. N. p. 191, 192 . If we conlider
that the Antients knew nothing of Refraction, that will re-
duce it to about 980 Years. And if we confult the 'Parian
Marble, Hefiod flourifhed about 940 Years before the fame
./Era 5 which fo nearly agrees to the other, that there fcems
no room to doubt when he lived.

W. W.

Copy of a Letter of Recommendation from the Die-
chefs of Marlborough to Prince Eugene, & c.

Sir: Marlborough-Houfe, June 26, 1735.

"jV/TR. Nugent, the Gentleman who will have the Honour
^ to deliver you this Letter, having a Defign to ferve as
a Volunteer in his Imperial Majeily's Army under your
HighneiVs Command, has defired me to recommend him to ]
your Countenance and Protection, that he may be provided
for as his Merit and Services (hall intitle him. As he is a
Gentleman of a good Family, many of his Relations, who
are my Friends, have follicited me in his Behalf 5 and I was
the rather induced to comply with their Dcfires herein, as I
thought it a laudable Ambition in the Gentleman to learn

1 the

^/LETTERS. 603

the Art of War from the grcatcft General this Age has pro-
duced 5 and this I may fay without any Sufpicion of Flattery,
having heard this Character of your Highnefs from my late
dear Lord, who was efceemed in fome Degree a Judge of
rhefc Matters.

This Gentleman, by being a Roman Catholick, is not
capable of any Employment in his Britannic Majefty's
Troops ; but fince he differs with us in our religious Sen-
timents, I am plcafed that he takes that Part in the prcfent
War, which I think the moft favourable to our civil Liber-
tics; and I own I am ftrongly prejudiced to think fo, be-
caufe your Highnefs is engaged on that Side > the Glory of
whofe Life has been to have fpent it equally in Defence of
the Chriman Religion, and the Civil Liberties of Europe.
But I perceive the Pleaiure I have in the renewing, in this
Manner, my Acquaintance with your Highnefs, will draw
me in before I am aware, to expatiate too much upon the
great Qualities I cftcem in you, which will be mifpending
lb much of your Time, from which all Europe at prcfent
expe&s great Advantage : Give me leave, therefore, without
taking up any more of it, to allure you, that I am, with
the greateft Efteem and Refpeet imaginable, your Highnefs'*

Mofl obedient,

Mbfi humble Servant,

S. Marlborough.

Directed,

To His Highnefs
Trince Eugene of Savoy.

D d d d 2 The

604 ^COLLECTION

The third Edition of Alciphron ; or, the Minute
Philofopher, being lately publifhed, I will give
the Public Voltaire'.? Opinion of the Book

The Occafion was this :

1X7 HEN Voltaire was in England, he dined twice with
Mr. Andrew 'Pitt a Quaker at Hampftead. Soon
after his Return into France, Alciphron made its firft Ap-
pearance. Mr. Pitt, who was a very orthodox Believer,
and thought Voltaire had not Faith enough, made him a
Prefent of this Book, and fent it into France after him for
his Converfion. When he had read it through, he returned
him Thanks in the following Letter, the Original of which
is in the Hands of a Friend of mine in Ejfex- Street.

My good Friend,
T Thank you heartily for the Book you have been pleafcd

to favour me with ; I am extremely fcnflbie of yourKind-
nefs, and own I have not received without Vanity thefc
Marks of your Remembrance.

I have read out the whole Book ; your Mind and mine do
not deal in Infincerity 5 therefore I muft tell you plainly,
that the Doctor's Sagacity has pleafed more than convinced
me. I admire his acute Genius, without allenting to him ;
and will profefs myfelf one of his Admirers, but not of
his c Difciples. In fhort, good Sir, I believe in God, not in
Pnejls ; it appears too plainly, this is a Party-book, rather
than a Religious-book. The Doctor endeavours to draw
his Readers to himfelf, rather than to Religion. In many
Places he is more captious and acute, than folid and judi-
cious :

*/ L E T T E R S. 6o 5

cio-is : I hive known the Man ; he is certainly a learned Phi-
losopher, and delicate Wit. I thank you extremely again for
your Prcfcnt, and I do remain, for ever,

Tour true Friend,

Voltaire.

This is the beft Account that ever was given of a Book
in (o few Words.

y. t.

Ihe following Letter is Jltppofed to be wrote to
' Sir R W .

Sir James-Street, Weftminfter, 15, 1733.

T is faid of William the firft Prince of Orange, that
none ever equalled him and his Minifters in writing of
Pamphlets and political Papers, or turning the pubiic Ac-
counts of News, by imall Variations, to his Advantage 3 and
that his Caufe was greatly fupported in the Netherlands
by this 5 becaufe he worked ftrongly on the Paffions of the
common People, or indeed on far the greateft Number of
Men. When all Abufes arc left out of fuch Papers, and when
fmall Turns, almoll imperceptible, arc confbntly given to
what is related without any Anger, the wifeft of Men, and
the mod artful on the other Side, fcarcc know how to con-
tradict it, and are caught in a Net. As loon as a Paper openly
cfpoufes a Caufe in Difputc, or attacks it in Form, that
Paper lofes much of its Force with Men of Judgment, who
always will read it with a Rcfcrvc ; and when their Opinion
is aiked, they lay fomctimes, He writes all that can well be
wrote on that Side 5 and that is at the bell j for when a

ftrong

6o6 ^COLLECTION

ilrong Party Spleen appears in it, they throw it away, and
often with a Curie.

I need not fay much on that Subject to a Man of your
Penetration and Experience 5 and I wont write a Ions Letter
to one who has fo little Time to read, and therefore I mail
come at once on the Project I have long thought on, and.
which my Judgment approves of more and more, as I turn
it in my Thoughts.

The Free Briton^ The 'Daily Cowant, and fuch Pam-
phlets, as defend Co very openly this or that Scheme, I
could wifh mould be dropt 5 for thofc who converfe with
Numbers of Men, fee that they hurt the Administration ;
and they very greatly hurt it.

I propofc that the London Gazette fhould come out
every Day 5 that it fhould be wrote by a Man veiled in fo-
reign Affairs, and who knows all Languages ; one that fhould
have no other Employment j he fhould never throughout
the Year quit the Town, write all himfclf, and have the
Prefs in his own Houfe, to overlook it with Care ; he fhould
be well payed for it, and live in Credit, that fo he might
ibmetimes frequent the Court and the foreign Ministers, and
all public Places, read all foreign and domeftic Books and
Pamphlets about Treaties, News, and political Things. This
Per f on fhould be very careful to give a fmall and flight Turn
to all the News in Favour of the Adminiftration, but fo as
to keep up the Character of an impartial Writer j the News
of a public Nature from the Miniftcrs which the King has
abroad, fhould be fent to him. And as fuch Papers cannot
be kept up, fo as to keep other Papers down, without it has
fbmc Home-News ; his London Gazette fhould have all
of it that can be fuitablc to the Dignity of the Paper, as all
Ecclcftaftical Preferment^ as low as Prebendaries 5 all Poli-
tical'

of L E T T E R S. 607

tical, as low as Places by which the Poflcflfor is dignified
with the Style of Efquirc ; all Military, as low as a Major
of a Regiment, or a Command of a Company in the Guards;
among the Navy, nothing lower than a Captain of any of
the King's Ships ; the Deceafe of all thefc Men, as alfo of
all Members of cither Houfe of Parliament j and in all thefc
Things (trier Regard mould be had to Truth. When there
comes a dead Time of News, and no Pods come in, then Ma-
nifefto's, Treaties, Refolutions, &c. of foreign Courts, would
make the Paper very entertaining. As the Writer mould
underftand French, Italian, Spanijb, High and Low c Dutch >
and Latin, he mud have the Papers printed Abroad in thofe
Languages fent him. It is eafy to pay the prefent Writers
of the Gazette what they get now ; the Profits on this Pa-
per would be great, as you will cafily judge. To keep out
all trifling Advertifemcnts, I would keep up the Prices of
of them as they now (land fixed.

I fuppole you think by this Time that I recommend my-
felf for that Employment j I own I ihould be glad of it. I
have been the greatcfl Part of my Life in Politicks and News,
I love it, and I flatter myfelf that you would not repent
your Choice if you chofe me, and that Numbers would ap-
prove of it ; for fuch a thing could not be kept a Secret, all
the World in a fhort Time would know who was the Man s
but though they might perceive a Turn, yet I would take
care that they mould be obliged to confefs, at leaft, that it
was pretty impartial, and vaftly better than any Paper now
publifhed.

If you do not employ me, I mail be glad if you approve
of the Thought, and chufe as proper a Man. The Paper may
be made worth to be bound up yearly, and would make a
very ufeful Hiftory for thofe who fhall come after us, if it
was well done. Th

608 ^COLLECTION

The following Letter was prhited fome Years ag o
in a Weekly Paper, to which the latter Part has
been lince added, aiid I have been much requejled
to publiflj it in this Collection. H.

'Donee eris falix multos numerabis Amicos :
Nullus ad amijfas ibit Amicus opes.

From my Hovfe in the Minorics. jf. C\

HpHOUGH all Mankind agree in the Praife of Friend-
pip, and the Condemnation of Ingratitude, yet fin-
cere Friendjbip and real Gratitude are very feldom found.
Nothing is fooner forgot than an Obligation, or more
avoided than a Friend that wants AJJljlance.

We feem to make a Traffic of our Services, and never
offer them but where we think we fhali be Gainers : We
pay our Compliments to Fortune not to Merit ; and when
jbe fpreads her Wings, to leave our Friend, we immedi-
ately prepare to follow.

Was it pofllble to difcern the Hearts of thofe objequious
Crowds that cringe about a Man iti Tower, we mould be
fiirprized at the Depravity of human Nature 5 to find amengft
them all nothing but T)ijguife and Artifice, Hypocrify and
^Dtffimulation, without the lcaft Spark of Honefiy or Sin-
cerity. Interest is the only Point in view, and at the
very Time they arc paying icrvile ProfcfTions of unlimited
Devotion, he is envied by them all, defpiied by moft, hated
'oy many, and beloved by none. Though now, his Praife is
all their Theme, and his Nod their Law, let him but loic
his Poji, every one of them will fly from him as if he was
infected, and nine in ten become his Imcmics ; no Rc-
1 membrance

^/LETTERS. 609

membra nee will be left of any Favours received from him ;
his Succeffor in Tower inherits their Attendance, and be-
comes immediately the Idol of their Adoration.

We arc grofsly miliakcn, when we imagine it is for our
Merit, and to do us Service, that People feem fo fond cr
us: No: it is wholly owing to their own Expectations
from us; and lb foon as we have done them all the Good
we can, we mud net wonder at their forlakim; us:< It is
well they don't reproach and injure us. This is the Temper
of Mankind, and he's deceived who judges other wife. We
love ourfeives preferably to all the World, av>d nothing is
befides regarded, but as it fuits with this firft Principle.

But, left I mould be thought too feverc, I'll give my
Readers an Example of worldly Gratitude and Friend-
fhip.

Roger Smart, Efq; was defcended of an ancient Fa-
mily, and when very young came to the full Pouctlion of
2000/. a Year. He was good-natur'd, liberal, and unfufpect-
ing ; fond of being admired and praifed, and confequcntly
open to Flattery and Defign. Mis genteel, unthinking Tem-
per leading him through too many Courfes of Politencfs,
there foon became a very great Diforder in his Affairs, info-
much that he could no longer appear in public fecurc from
1)u?iszndslrreJ?s ; the Cringes and Bows of Tradesmen w^cre
Turned into Infults and Reproaches; nor were Locks and
Bolts iufficicnt to exclude the Clamour of his noify Credi-
tors. He whofe rich Liveries and glittering Chariot, whole
coftly Laces and Embroidery ufed to pain the envious Bread,
and draw the Eyes of whole Streets after him, was now
looked upon with Fity or Contempt. No more were his
Ears tickled with Compliments and line Speeches, he met
with Rudencf^ every where, and thofe who had partaken

6io ^COLLECTION

mod: largely of his extravagant Bounty, were the readied to
revile him. Thus miferably circumftanced, he was driven al-
moft to Defpair, and had but juft Courage enough to ftrugglc
with his Misfortunes, and fcorn that cowardly and impious
Gallantry of deftroying Life, and affronting the Power who
gave it.

Unable to fell his Eftate, bceaufc it was entailed 3 and the
yearly Income of it being feized on by his Creditors, he was
ibon reduced to very great Neceffity and Diftrefs 3 every body
forfook him 5 and, to compleat his Mifery, the common Side
of a Goal became his Habitation. Here he found Time for
Reflection on his pad unthinking and unhappy Conduct ; and
(having nothing left to fave) was making continual Rcfolu-
tions againit Vanity and Extravagance : but the Wifdom came
too late, and fcrved now only to increafe his Mifery. In a
Year or two, however, his chief Creditors being fatisMcd
With the Security in their own Hands, and fome trifling
Debts only remaining to be difcharged, he flattered himfclf,
that amongft thofc who had fhared his good Fortune, ( was it
pofTible to come at them) he could collect more than would
anfwer that Purpofe, and put an End to his Confinement.
Tranfported with this Imagination, he breathed nothing but
the pleafing Hopes of Liberty, and obtain'd Leave, in the
Company of his Goaler, to put his promifing Scheme in Exe-
cution.

He expected nothing from his own Relations, though
rich and flouriihing 3 for long before he had worn out their
little Charity, and received repeated Slights ftom each of
them : But his other Friends, he made no doubt, would
readily aflitt him 3 and he had even drawn a Lift of Names,
and computed how much every one of them would probably
beftow on him.

The

^/LETTERS. 6u

The firit he waited on was a Nobleman ', great in Power
and Fortune, whole intimate Acquaintance and Fricndfhip
he formerly had been honoured with j who had always cx-
prefled for him the utmoft Eftcem, and given him innume-
rable Promifes of all the Services in his Power, whenever
he fhould command them. He found the 'Porter \\z& forgot
him, which fecmed a little ominous; but, however, by a
Bribe, foon refrefhing the Fellow's Memory, he obtained
Leave to ftand the foremoft among the Crowd that waited

in his Lordflnfis Anti-chamber. As my Lord pafl'cd along

to his Chariot, Mr. Smart, in the moft fubmiillve Manner,
whifpered his unhappy Condition, and begg'd Relief. His
Lordfi/p, with a low Bow, but a very cold Look, told him
he was forry for his Misfortunes, but there was nothing he
could do for him at prefent ; that he was in great hafte to
wait upon his Majefty, and muft therefore beg his Pardon :
And fo pulling up his Chariot glafs, the Coachman drove
away. The next he applyed to, was a rich Clergyman^ a
Dignitary of the Church, who had been almoft a conftant
Gutft at his Tabic, but more inclined to preach the Duty of
Charity to others, than practifc it himfelf; from him he
only got a Reproof for his pad Extravagance, fome Advice
about Occonomy, and a few pious Expreflions.

Thcfe Difappointments were very mortifying $ but hoping
bitter Succefs eUc where, he next proceeded to a famous
Inn of Courts where he had fever al Years been himfelf a
Student, and where having abundance of Acquaintance,
whom his generous Spirit had laid under great Obligations,
he made no doubt of meeting with a kind Reception: But,
alas! he found that Money was a Commodity few there were
Dealers in, and thofe who had it, had likewife a reten-
tive Faculty, and would not part with it 5 fo thai no better

E c e e 2 Succefs

612 ^COLLECTION

Succefsr attended him in this Seat of his Hopes, than in other
Places. Many he could not gain Admiflion to, (for the Fear
of Duns and Beggars had difpers'd itfelf in molt Stair-cafes)
and thofe who could not poffibly avoid him, evidently ex-
prefied in their Behaviour an Uneafmefs at the Sight of him 5
and pretended, in order to get rid of him, cither to be very
bufy, or juft going abroad : But from none of them could
he obtain fo much as Half-a-crown.

Not to recite the many Difappointments he met with in
his other Attempts ; moneyiefs and fpirirlefs he returned to
the Place of his Captivity, exclaiming againft the Ingratitude
of Mankind ; their unmeaning Profeillons of Friendfhip and
Efteem 5 and had no more Heart to purfue farther his fruit-
lels Project.

This concludes his melancholy Story, and the Trouble
given you at this Time, by,

Sir,
Tour moft humble Servant,

A. C.

of L E T T E R S. 613

To every Fable there is commonly the Moral annex'd, and
I think there is a very obvious one in the Story above- reci-
ted, to which the young People of this Age would much
oblige me, and perhaps not hurt themfelves in giving their
Attention. There is an ugly Word, beginning with a Diph-
thong, called Oe-conomy, which I cannot find in the Dic-
tionary of our modern fine Gentlemen ; and there are like-
wife fome Commands of God, and Lwjjs of rhcir Country,
which are as much beneath their Notice and Regard : Mil-
chiefs and Outrages, Infults of honed Men in the Streets pro-
ceeding on their lawful Occafions , bilking of Box- keepers,
knocking down Watchmen, difturbing every public Aflcmbly
but the Chttrch y compofe Part of the genteel Items in their
Courfe of Tolitenefs ; or, to lpcak more in their Dialed, is
the Fun they delight in. To be Jolly now, is quite different
from the chearful and innocent Mirth of former Times 3 and
to run into the Books of a Tradefman, and through the Body
of a Fellow-creature, on fome little Punctilio of Honour,
arc the diftinguifhing Gaitics of thefe Times : By which
whimfkal Exploits, and extravagant Eclats of Tafte, the View
of the natural and moral World, like that of the vegetable
in a general Blight, is extremely deplorable ; the lovely
Bloflbm of Youth is faded, and the withered Bud untimely
falls from the Tree.

By fuch diiTolutc and irrational Conduct, by Gaming,
Drinking, and other modifli Vices, the Face of Nature
appears quite altered and deformed, and in the Spring
of Life we fee the declining State of Autumn. The Tenth
(I was going to fay the Bloods and the Bucks) of the
prcfent Age, appear with the trembling Hands of old slge y
and the Constitution fecms advanced to a Century before
the Law acquits them of Infancy. Politcncls and High-Life
2 are

6r 4 ^COLLECTION

are meafured by the Standard of enormous Vices ; and the
molt antient Efcucheons of our Country are fhamcfully blot-
ted by the degenerate Poflerity of noble and illuitrious An-
ceflors j whofe Happinefs it is to be in the Place where all
Things are forgotten^ and that they were kindly removed
from the Evil to come. How can we expect Honefty, In-
dustry, and faithful Servitude from the labouring and low
Oafs of Mankind, when fo many Fafhions of Iniquity are
let them by their Superiors 5 when arrant Thieves and
Sharpers, thofe who fallen upon poor infatuated Men of
Fortune or Quality, with the unhappy Itch of Gaming,
dare to mix in noble AiTcmblies, and even to tread the Pa-
laces of Princes. Such a Pack, compofed only of picliird
Knaves without any Honours y mould not be dealt or play d
with 5 and, like bad Cards, are only fit to make thofe low
* Utenjils which are tipt and edgd with that combuftible Mat-
ter, which will be fhortly their Portion. The reeling Ma-
iler countenances a Servant's T)runkennefs ; and the curl'd
and powder-pated Footman, whom his Mailer fufFers to ape
him in his Drefs, will alfo in his Vices > in a word, my Lord s
Intrigue with Mifs Anybody abroad, is imitated by 'John's
Amour with his Wife's Servant at home. Thus pernicious
are ill Examples to the inferior Part of Mankind, who for-
get all the Ties of Religion, by the Neglect and Contempt
of it in their Superiors, till we may apprehend the unhappy
Profpect of a general Depravity, and Ruin of Society.

I could heartily wifh that young Gentlemen, amidft their
many Hours of Pieafure, would give thcmfelvcs one in a Day
for Confideration and Reflection, upon the Impoflibiiity of
any Fortune to fupport Gaming and exttavagant Luxury, or
of any Youth or Strength of Conflitution, a conflant Indul-
gence
* Card-matches.

^LETTERS. 615

gcnce and Gratification of loofe Paffions and vicious Appe-
tites. If they have any Tcndernefs of Nature or Sentiment,
any latent Goodnefs of Heart, how moving muft be the Sight
of their Sorrow and Diitraction, to whom, under God, they
owe their Being, and who are the more miferablc from their
ill-requited Fondnefs and Affection. I have often heard
young Fellows talk of Gratitude, and blame the want of that
Virtue in ibme of their Acquaintance 5 it is ftrangc they
don't recollect their own Want of it to an affectionate Pa-
rent ; the Reproach they often bring on the Family that has
enobled, dignified, and dittinguifhed their Pcrfons ; of their
Ingratitude to the nuriing Arms of their feeble, hclplels, and
Infant State; of their unnatural Wickcdnefs, in brinsinir
their grey Hairs with Sorrow to the Grave, who brought
them into the World and its Notice.

A Word or two of Advice, and I have done : Let the Jail
and general Difregard of Mankind in the above Letter, (hew
the NecciTity of Prudence and Difcretion ; how much fooner
a Fortune is loft than repair'd ; and a Character, like a Houfc,
pull'd down than rebuilt. A defpifed and diftrufted Rake of
Fafhion, is much lower than a reputable Citizen, whofe Word
is a firm Security, whofe Promife is a Bank Note, end whofe.
neat Drcfs appears much better, and fits eafier, from the riled
Receipts of the Draper and Taylor.

Think upon the different Vifits of the civil, cringing Mar-
ckand de Peruke fitting the unthinking Mead of the young
Squire ; and, when waiting upon his Honour for Paymcm ?
till, with Looks and Speeches more ftern and vulgar than
a Newgate Turnkey, he fwcars the next Yifit fhall be with
a Bailiff or Catchpolc. Think, whilft the fmooth flatter-
ing Tongue of the Taylor is complimenting your Shape, and
what an Honour and Credit your fine Pcrfon are to his

Work,

616 -rf COLLECTION, ftfc.

Work, to the fuperfluous Suit he has brought you ; that
you behold your Plaintiff and mercilefs Creditor, at whole
Suit you may foon take a Trip to his Majcfty's
fea, to regale in Gin, and be covered with Rags ; in
ghaftly Group of half-ftarv'd Wretches, who hardly bear
Figures of Humanity, though once in glittering State
Equipage. Think when you are dealing with U hirers, anu
iigning their Bonds of Cent, per Cent. Profit, that you are
figning alio your Mittimus for a Jail ; for where there is no
Equity and Fair-dealing, there can be uo Mercy. Let my
good Intentions plead my Excufe for thefe Liberties, and
think upon the Friend in the Tlain- C D dealer.

A P-

ef L E T T E R S. <?i 7

//7<jrj fo*# defired by fever al of my Friends and Subfcribers
to publifh, in this Collection^ the following Appeal, which
I printed and difperfed throughout the two Kingdoms \ at the
Time of the late unnatural Rebellion in 1 745. / hope there
never more will be fiich Occafion for Cautions and Terfuaflves
to Loyalty -, but if the like Wickednefs and Infatuation ffoould
ever again be vifible, 1 Jhould think myfelf happy in being
any Inffrument of keeping Men in their Duty to the befl of Kings
and Governments ; and therefore I prefent this little plain
EJfay to the TublicL

An earneft APPEAL to the PUBLICK

in this Dangerous Conjuncture, 1745*.

Cari funt Tarentes, Carl Liberty

Cic.

It may not be,

And you that do abet him in this Kind,
Cherifh Rebellion, and are Rebels all.

Shakespear.

Add thus much more, that no Italian Pricft
Shall Tythe and Toll in our Dominions :

But as we, under Heaven, are Supreme Head,
So under him, that great Supremacy
Where we do reign, we will alone uphold,
Without th' Aiiiitance of a mortal If and,
SO TELL THE POPE.

Friends, Countrymen, and Trotcflanls,

\S it would be too late to point out the Rocks, which lie in the
Way of the .Mariner, when his Vefiel is fplit upon them, or
to advertile you of your Danger when the Knife is at your Throats,
' o.juld not avoid joining in that laudable Association of Pens,
which, as well as of Hearts, is formed in Defence of our King-, and
Country.

F f f f In

6*i3 y/ COLLECTION

In fuch a noble Spirit and Refentment of the Wrongs and Infulrs
offered to thele free and P rot cftant Kingdoms, as now appears amongit
us; and as many excellent and loyal Pieces and Difcouries have bee
published, it may feem unncct'fiary to throw in my Mite into io lar^e
a Treaflirv : But fome good Subjects may have Inclination, and, by
their ftreight Circumfhmces, are not able to purchafe all, or any of
the before-mentioned Treatifes on this Occalion, I was therefore de-
termined zo give them an Opportunity, without any Expence, of ac-
quainting themfelves with the horrid Views and Deligns, ot thefe
Pcp'ib -and daring Rebels. If the Fare is not [ani.pt units, nor any Ele-
rance and Delicacy appear ; yet it is a Treat, and will, I hope, be

H^eeiJ'-'Wie.

ihc;

j hough the general Affection to his Majefty's Pcrfon and Govern-
aud the general Oppoiition of this nation?! Affront and Indi^-
nitv. may deter fome Perfons from publickly ihewing themfelves on
the Side oi this Rebellion j though the Winds of GWmay juftly be
iaid to have lloivn in oar Favour in a critical Minute, in bringing our
Forces from b landers ; yet, that i.s no ReauVu for us to be indolent
and lupine ; for I doubt not, but the Sparks and Embers of Rebellion
lie fmothering in the Breafts o!l many Papi/ts, and their -vtcak Nn-
juring Adherents, ready, on the leail Encouragement, to break out
into an open Flame of Sedition and Insurrection.

We cannot therefore be too circumfpec\ and watchful, be too
much upon our Guard, agamfl thofe, who, in the ; r Conduct, mav
give any Hint, or Intimation oi being feeret Abettors of this trea-
sonable, audacious, and wicked Attempt.

All Men of honeil and fober Principles, who diftinguifh Patricti'm
from an inveterate Oppcjlti'Jt, who are not * flifi in Opinion, and al-
ways, or generally in the Wrong, niu!l acknowledge our Happinefs un-
der his Majefty's mild and legal Government j mull fee the fenfible
Difference between what WQnoic enjoy, and what we are to expect,
from a Pop//?', and arbitrary Government. The Determination of
fuch a Q_ueftion, put to the Hearts and Conferences of Kn^lifhmcn,
would appear fo much in Favour f our prefent happy Eitablilhmenr,
that, if it was not to contradict fad Experience. 1 mould think a Ja-
cobite, or difaffeded Pcrfon, to be as fcarce as thole Afw/icrs and /lying
Dragons which are only drcadtul in Effigies, and do not, in rea'ity^
prefent themfelves to our View. But, unnatural as it is, the flubborn
Root of Jacobitifm is itill in the Ground and, like other rank arid
offenlive \Veeds, would feon increafe to its monftrous Height, if the
Climate and Soil were in the J call apt to favour it. It not, how

dared
v Devices Abf. and Archie.

^/LETTERS. 619

dared this young Pretender, fo weak and unattended, to land in his
Majeftv's Dominions, gamer fo manv, and form tb fe Hopes of fn-
cnafe and Sucoefs? But () vain arid fenfelefs Expectations ! to think
of conquering a Kingdom, overthrowing a Conftitution, and debat-
ing a large regular Force, conliiting chiefly ot approved Soldiers,
and brave Veterans, wh ofe Valour all contending Powers Abroad
have acknowledged, and will fcorn to trai:bk and fly from a Scotch
far? >-t and Broad Sivord. I doubt not, bv the Divine AiHftance, by the
n b!e Spirit and Refolution of the Rttfjifb Nation, and Courage and
Conduct of the brave Duke, fuch vain Hopes will be difappointed.

I abhor all national Rerlectaons; and am well perfuaded of the
Lovaltv and Affection of manv Scotch Noblemen and Gentlemen to hi*
Majeiiv's Perfon and Government, and, which plainly appears from
the Barbarities and Cruelties of the Rebels to their Tenants^ the De-
valuations and plundering of their Ellatesand Houfes, which lie in the
Way of thefe Robbers and Ruffians But I hope I may, without
Offence., g'vo i' e Reafons for my Surprize, that there lliould be one
Ger.remaii oC that Country in Rebellion.

''V ! ;)o!: into our Conn ih and our Gamps ^ into the Churchy and
ali h )r arable and profitable Employments of State, is to fee his
Majeih' r 5 groat an i tender Regard for the Scotch^ with the reft of his
Si \ : r . Ljt ; . m lay their Hands upon their Hearts, think on
theo .mprovee! \ rade. their I '/ nen Mann! art are, the many Favours
and L:i .);'...::.:. r.'s .iae-*,n to them, on all Occafions; on the Ad-
vintages of their n'ny oith hn?land- z and thev cannot but take
ihamc i.,. - ,{ fr >ir. the P^rt which They (I mean only the Dif-
afivcten, no,, ,i:i;s, or ready to take Arms), act in this lawlefs

ar ! ;xu ' Li raking. To all the Disaffected of that united King-
do.n, periv.it mc to fpeak in tne Words of Jlddifon to Gate's Confpi-

- Behold ungrateful Men.

Behold our BofomsmAecl to your Swords;

And let thv Scot that's injur'd ilrike the Blow.

Can thofe of the Romilh Religion pretend, that they have not the
Liberty to meet for religious VY'crfhip 3 They not only fvvarm in the
I'opifli Chapels, diperfed everywhere in thefe Kingdoms, again it
piahi and exprefs Laws, but they have perverted many poor and ig-
r.oranr P'oteihmts, to their Communion, by Money and fair Pro-
miles : And fuch has been our Complaifance, as to fuffer them
to go on. I think againfl the p 1 ain Rules of Self-prefervation, ii nee
it is found by conitant Experience, that all new Profelytes are in

Co:i-

62o A COLLECTION

Confequence Enemies to his Majefty's Perfon and Government ; and

therefore it is amazing to think, that they are not contented.

Had they indeed been retrained in the Enjoyment of their religious
Liberty, they might have had fome Excufe, tho' but a poor Excufe
fince Chriitianity, which they profefs, is a Religion of Sufferings
and we mull not do Evil that Good may come. Had they been
perfecuted, I fay, and not permitted to ferve God in any Place, ac-
cording to the Motions of their Confciences, tho 5 mifguided, there
might be fome Pretence for this Popifh Rebellion, for their Dirtur-
bance of the Government ; but under fuch Lenity and Indulgence,
to behave thus feditioufly, I am at a lofs to account for, as they
appear in the Form of Men and rational Creatures. No Prie/f dares
tyrannize over them in this Free Country ; and, together with their
Religion, they have enjoy'd in common, with other EnglUhmen^
their Liberty, without the Yoke of arbitrary Government.

In a word, how much Liberty is given to the Papifts, and how
great has been the Kindnefs of the Government, when, in reality,
they have no Claim at all to any Protection, becaufc, as Papi/fs, they
cannot give any Security to the Government of their Quiemefs, In-
cffenlivenefs, and Subjection. How ungrateful is it then in any
People, thus indulged, and with fuch a meafure of Liberty as has been
granted them, to rebel, or watch for Opportunities to rebel againft
an Administration of fuch Lenity and Mildnefs to them ?

But to proceed on the Confequences of this Rebellion ; if it
Should fatally fucceed, certain I am, that the Ruin would be as
general as it would be deplorable.

It has been artfully and wickedly infmuated, that the low Clafs of
Mankind would not at all be affected by this Event however fuccefs-
ful ; but give me leave to lhew the Falfity of this Suggeflion, and
that all my Countrymen and Proteftants, of what Station or Degree
foever in Life, would have their Share of the general Calamity.

As it is the End of Government to preferve Order and Regularity
in Society, to protect every Man's Perlon and Property, even though
it ihould be only the Fruits of his honcii Labour and Indultry: fo
that Government, which mod conduces to this falutary End, has
the jufteft Claim to our Aflection and Attachment ; and there is no
Individual but has a Concern in the Weliare and Support of it.

There is no one but has fomething to fecure,and fomething to lofe.
'Tis the Glory of this little Lland, that its loweft Inhabitant is
tree-born^ has native Privileges fecured to him by Laws; and ol the
Benefit whereof he has an equal Right with the great eft ol Britons :
This * fo true, that the loweft Mechanick can talk of, and does

often

^LETTERS. 62 1

often urge the Liberty of F.ngUfemcv, as much as if he was a Noble-
man ; And, if fi 9 any Subver/ion ot thofc Laws, or the Constitution,
which protects him, mult very feelingly affect him. Fetters arc bil-
ling in a Cottage, as well as in a Palace ; and the Thoughts ofSlaverv
are mocking and dreadful to a free Briton; though, initead oi the
loaded J'if-e and Fig-free he may have only his little Hedge 10 lit un-
der, and his fmiling Offspring, (which he would grieve to fee little
Sfi %! v> ?,) fnaring his homely Morfel: How melancholy then the Re-
flection to think of their being hourly liable to be torn from him at
the Will of arbitrary Power, by bold and impious Ruffians, who
would make the Tears and Afflictions of all they called Her cricks
their Sport and Recreation ! and who, infatuated with papal Zeal and
Fury, would make them efteem this Oppreflion, and murder, to be
doing God Service.

F. '-eery Afatt 9 from the highell to the loweft, has, or ought to have
fome Principle of Religion, for every Man has an immortal Soul, the
eternal Kappinefs whereof depends upon his Conduct towards God
and Man, which it is one great end ot Religion to regulate and mo-
ralize, livery one has a Conference reprefenting to him the Purity cr
Impurity ot particular Modes ofWoriliip; and any Power which
m iuld compel and force him by Torments and Perfecution, into a Re-
ligion which Scripture and his own Reafon and Confcience fhould
convince him was erroneous, iinful and.unfafe for him, would ren-
der him extremely uneafy in his Mind, and take off the Enjoyment of
his Liie unccr Inch Fetters upon his religious Principles, under fuch
Compuliion to bav dozen in the Hctt'e of Rimraon. If so, Popery
would make the Poor as well as the Rich unfpeakably miferable,
whole dangerous Errors and Superiiitions, Difobedience to God's
Command, and Contrariety to the Common Senfe and Reafon of
Mankind, have been fufHcientlv proved and mani felted : For it is a ve-
ry great Miitake to think, that they would fuffer us to enjoy private-
!y our own Opinions in religious Matters; No; they will not be con-
futed, unlcfs you fw allow down all their monitxous Doctrines; wit-
nci- that fioit and cruel Reign of Queen Mary^ who brought fo
many to the Stake.

1 ily.fl only obferve upon the Errors of the Church o Rome, that
they v, ere unheard of and unpractifed in the Days of our Saviour
and his Apoiiles, from whom we build and date our Church. And
if any lurking Prieft or Emiilary of Rime ihould (in the common
Cant of their Party) ask any of you, Where ivas xo:rr Cbarck before
I-'. R ''waticf/, tr Times of Martin Luther? I "would advife this

G g g g ihort

622 ^COLLECTION

fhort and unanfwerable Reply, Where ivas Popery in the Days of
our Saviour and his jhoftles ? Was there any Thine in their Times
like a Worihip, or Adoration oi" the Virgin Mary ? We read of
Glcry be to Gcd on high ; but does the Gofpel give any Part of God's
Worihip or Glory to a meer Creature ?

Was there the leaft Word or Injunction of our Saviour to his
Apoftles, concerning any Worihip of the Virgin Mary? Nav, fofar
from it, that as if his prophetic Spirit had forefeen this idolatrous
Practice, he ufed many Expreffions rather to arm us againft, than
promote any Adoration of the Virgin Who is my Mother ? fays our
Lord j He that does the \\ HI of my Father the fame is my Brother , and
Si/ier, and Mother. At another Time he fays, Woman ^ what hava I
to do -zcith thee?

What Errors and Superflitions muif we conform to, or dye fhould
thefePopifh. Rebels fuceeed in their lawlefs and horrid Undertaking!
We muit forfakeour Faith, our God, our Families, and Habitations j
we mull go to the Ma s or to the Stake ; and every Thing dear and
valuable to us as Christians, as Protectants, and as Men, mutt yield
to the Conquer!: of Rome over this free Country.

Was I the nobleft and richeit Man in the Nation, and fuch a
Scene of Miferv and Slavery before me, as this Rebellion gives us an
Idea of, I iliould wiili, in the Words of a noted Write]', to be ra-
ther a Villager than hold my Life on fuch Conditions as thrfe limes
rvonld give me. Nor would the Poor, whofe Princ ; ples and native
Rights are as dear to him as theRich, fare at all better. The Flames
and Tortures in Smith field were, in the bloody Reign 1 have already
mentioned, undiitinguiihably the cruel Fate of low and high Hcreticks,

In fhort, the fame rebellious Arm which is lifted up againit the
facred Perfon, and regal PofTefficns of cur King, is alio againit the
Perfons and Properties of his loweil Subjects : We are ail alike
Hereticks in their Opinion, and odious to theie popifh Rebels : We
are all embarked in the fame Vefjel ; and tho' fome may carry a greater
Command, and be in higher Stations and Offices than others, yet
if the Veffel links, we all periih.

We have had above feventeen Years Experience of his Majellys
Regard to our Laws and Conftitution : Every one has enjoyed his
civil and religious Rights, has been protected by his Government
under his own Vine, and his ozvn Fig-Tree. Shall we part with an
undeniable for a pergonal Security ? and given us by an Insolvent, by
one not able, it he ihould be willing, to perform his Promij'e j for he
muft ever be a Creature to France and Rome, and make their Will
and Commands the Mcafure of his Anions.

of LETTERS. 623

We muft, in the Nature of Things, be tributary Slaves, and with
filch a Viceroy ot France, called a King, over us, F.iivtand mull be
a Province, and its Inhabitants Captives, and wretched Bond fin en.
Are we awake then? Have we our Sculls and our Reafon? And
ilia] I we fu flier ourfclves any more to btamufed, or laughed out of our
Danger, till it becomes too formidable to be repelled? Thofe who
trill e with, or nuke light of fuch ferious Things, as a Nation's Li-
berties arid Religion, are anfwerable, to their Confciences at leafl,
tor the Confequences of the Inactivity thev may occalion, for the
Blood and Expence which may proceed therefrom.

Are \vc Lovers of France, more than our own Country? Are we
Friends to the See of Rome ? We mult be i'o in mewing the leait
Countenance or Favour to this Rebellion, or in not ftriving, with
all our Power, to exiinguifh. if. They are the Courts from whom
tlie Rebels boalt ot Succour and Ailittance. The jirfl is the com-
mon Diiturber ot the Repofe and Tranquility of Europe ; and bv
the laft our Streets have been dyed with the Blood of Thoufands of
our Countrymen, of Men Women, and innocent Children. Can
we think them milder by long Provocation ? Are not their Appe-
tites much ilu'per for their Church Lands, and former PoflefTions ?
Can the Pope be laid to have any Spirit of Meeknefs, whofe Curjes
and Anathemas we are no Strangers to ? Shall we part with the Li-
berty wc poi lefts for a Promife only ? A Promife which for the break-
ing whereof, they come with an Abfolution in their Pockets ; Shall
we, in ,1 vv ord, debate a Moment, in a thing of fuch Confequence to
every Briton, and not immediately lend a Hand to repel this French^
this Pvpijb lntcrpriz,e ?

As Power and Property would fall into Popiili Hands, fo profeft
Papiilf could alone expect Encouragement. Even Profelvtes would
be fufpected, and thofe poor unthinking Men, who, by joining in
.:jb a Rcieliicn as this, would endanger thcrnCehes. and ruin their
pc<r Fa;:d!ies, if it fkculd not fuccced, would gain nothing, ifitjboufd;
but would experience the Truth of what the great Addifon tells us,
from the Mouth oi a Traitor in the Roman Senate ; who, when he
engaged fome low People in the Confpiracv againil Cnto^ thus un-
ger.erouflv and ungratefully fpeaks to them, after tne Failure of his
i-ej'gii : Af/'Xi' ulen fuch Fan/try S/a-ves preu'iue to r/iis in Treajon^
> - Flo' .... ids, tl cy are throii'n ncglecfed by.

To yea;, my Countrymen, who are in a low Station of Life, who
are liable, by the wicked Artifices of Papifts, and Nonjurors, to be
drawn into this Rebellion, and your own Ruin, permit me thus
lerioufly and amicably to expottulate with vou. What can you

pofsibly

6*24 ^ COLLEC T I O N

polF.bly expect, fuppoiing that the Pretender was to become King ?
Can it coins in to your Imagination that he would recompense you
for having lided with him? Alas! you are at to j great a Diitance
from a Throne, to expect perfonal Gratifications. There would
be more Perfons in a higher Sphere of Life, that would claim more
Rewards for pall Services, than he could pofsibly give j and you
mull allow that you are too numerous, was he as rich as Grariis.^ to
hope that his Liberality could reach down to all, or, indeed, to any
cf you. But beiides, it is very unlikely, that he can ever be in a
Capacity to be liberal. A Kingdom obtained by Violence, where
fo great a Party mull be always againft him, cannot be fupportcd but
at a very great and continual Exper.ce, as well to his pcpflh Afa.'Urs
abroad, as to oppofe the juil Iniiinection ci^ his efij/n-vcd Subjects at
heme.

I appeal to any Man of common Senfe, what Advantage can be
procured by a Change of Government ? Can you expect perfonal
Advantages? I have made it appear you cannot. Cm you expect
to be more fecure in your Liberties and Properties- That cannot be.
1 defy the rank eft Jacobite to ihew, as I have oblerved, any one il-
legal Act King George has committed, during his Reign. And is
not that a greater Foundation to hope, that thele Privileges will
be continued to us, than any Promiles that can be made by a Man
we know nothing of 3

The Pretender indeed may promife, as I have told you, to prefcrve
them to you j but fuppoiing he was to be as good as his A'ord, is
it worth your While to unhinge a Government already fettled, to
fet up a new one, at the Expence of a Deluge of E?/gH/h;;ie/is Blood,
when you cannot pofsibh reap any Advantage equal to fuch a De-
valuation. But are you fure that he will be as good as his Word 3 I
have (hewn to you, there is ten to one againll it. There is no Ty-
rant, but, in order to eftablim himfelf, will be very liberal in Pro-
mi fes, till his End be ferved j and we know by fid Experience, that
it is a Maxim received in the Rom>(h Church, that no Faith is to be
kept withHereticks, and no Promiles made to them of any Obliga-
tion *

The

* By the Edict of Nantz, the Proteftants in trance had all the
r cemin% Security of being preferred in the Enjoyment of their Religi-
on and Liberty : Le-ivis XIV. in the moll lolemn Manner, engaged
ihictly tQ obferve fuch Y.ditl in their Favour, and yet how did he
break his Word, and his Faith, and perfecute and torment the Pro-
-tcllants. The

of LETTERS. 625

With a View, that one Time or other the People of England might
"be fomad as to part with their Religion, and Liberties, and reftore
to the See of Rome its Homage and S la villi Submifsion, with the
Lands and PolTefsions, for which it has a molt keen Appetite ; his
political Holinefs has maintained and ftipported thisPopilh Pretender,
to which France has given her Afsiftance ; that in any War or Quar-
rel with England Hie may have that Bugbear to fright us with ; that
wicked Engine of her Malice and Inveteracy, to play upon us. But
the wicked Policy is lien through by every Briton y and Liberty is
too valuable to be ealily parted with.

To conclude
Can the Church of England expect a Protector from the Hands of
the Pope ? or mall Paris and Madrid till the Britifi Throne ? Shall we
Kx k on our innccent OJfsping with a feeming paternal Fondnefs and
A flcc"ti< n, and fhall we procure Chains lor them, by our Indolence and
Inattention to a Caufe which fo greatly concerns us? Shall we not
unite a gain ft opprefsive Papifts, who will torture and imprifon our-
Peifons? whole Mercies are cruel, and will tear our Children frcm
our Arm?, if not to Death with ourfelves, to Nunneries, Convents,
and Monasteries. Suppofe, (which can hardly be fuppofed, from
the Lenity and Juftice of his Majefty's Administration, from his
known Honour and Integrity, from his Regard to our Rights and
Conititution) fuppofe, I fay, his Perfonand Family were indifferent
to us, are not our Religion, Lives, our Fortunes our Posterity, dear
to us ? And mail ice Cut/nit to a like, r xkich neither we 9 nor our Fa*
's y have been able to bear ?

It is a frea'ln againft our God, our King, and our Country, which
e iinji.crtths the Swords of Britons ; and I make no doubt, bu"
m the brave and vigorous Refolutions of our Parliament, and the
proved Courage and Conduct ct that Roval Youth and great
. Lr.il ecmmiUioned to lead our Armie?, an End will foon be put
this bold and unnatural Rebellion, and hie- Majefty's Throne and
;\ eminent receive a greater Strength and Eitablilhment.

li h h h Let

The '.'{ \'y ()neen l\L.ry gave the Ihongeft Ailurancesof Safety,
C . to the People in oVo'o/a^ and yet molt barbaroufly perfecuted
.-' : ! i< riu red tht m.

' Council of C./7 .'.;.;.: it was declared, no Faith fliould be kept
i:h Hereticks.

/. L I

626 ^COLLECTION

Let us then repent, and turn from thofe National Vices, which
occafion National Judgments. It was the Character of a great Gene-
ral, that he was not afhamed to pray, nor afraid to fight. As there is
a divine and over-ruling Providence, a God, by whom Kings reign,
and Princes decree Juffcice; let usobferve his Commands, and no more
offend the Lord of Hofts, by Pollution of hi3 Sabbaths, or Profanation
of his facred Name.

Let us pray for the Pence of our Jerusalem, they pall Proper that
love her ; that at this Time mew their Patriotifm, in their Fidelity
and Attachment to his Majefty and his Royal Family; who are, un-
der God, our Safety and Security, from lawlefs Rage, MafTacre, and
popilTr Inveteracy.

Let us, my Fellow-Subjefrs, in every Station, be ready to join
in the publick Endeavour, to preferve his Majeity's facred Perfen
and Government: Let us confider the DiftreiFes to which they have
reduced Co many poor Families, in thofe places where thev have been
admitted to enter , to rob, and to plunder? Let us ferioufly confider,
what we are to expect, if fuch a Banditti fhould prevail in the more
fruitful and tempting Cities of the South : Let us think how they
would fatten 2nd regale, on the Property and Fortunes of this opu-
lent Metropolis; Let us think on the Contributions which would be
exacted ; and let us vigoroufly prepare to preferve our Safety, our
Liberty, our Lives, our Wives, and innocent Children.

I cannot conclnde without one Remark more of the WeakneCs as
well as Wickedne r s of thefe Rebels- who, among]! other audacious
Falfities, &c. already declare, * that all the Acts of i\r.liamentjince
the Revolution Jhall be null and void ; if they go thus far now, how
much further wonld they proceed \i they were to get Poileiiion 3
Good God ! what Havock, what Confuiion, what Destruction of
Property, what pullick, what private Ruin would be the Confe-
quencc of their Succefs !

Who then can debate a Moment, whether he mall engage on the
Side of his God, of his King, and of his Country^ or aga.nll them
all ? I doubt not but every ont of my Readers, that will call Religion
and Reafon to his Aid, will determine in favour of the Government,
which is in favour of Liberty.

May the great God profper his Majefty's Anns by Sea and Lino :,
and let every Englijbman and Proteitanr, that fears ins God, that
loves his King, and regards his Country, lay Amen.

* Vide Votes of the Houfe of Commons o( the 7th of X'jvcim

of LETTERS, "521

The Two following LETTERS not coming to
Hand foon enough, could not be placed in their
proper. Order.

From Robert Earl of EfTex, who was beheaded in the
Reign of ^ueen Elizabeth, to the Earl of South-
ampton, when he was under Sentence of Death.

My LORD,

AS neither Nature nor Cuftom ever made me a Man of Com-
pliments, fo now I fhall have lefs Will than heretofore to
ufe fuch Ceremonies, when I have left to Martha to be follicita
circa multa, and believe with Mary that unum fufficit. Bat it h
no Compliment or Ceremony, but a real and neceffary Duty that
one Friend owes to another in Abfence, and efpecially at their
Leave-taking j when, in Man's Reafon, many Accidents may keep
them long divided, or perhaps bar their Meeting, till they meet
again in another World : For then (hall I think that mv Friend,
whole Honour, whofc Perfon, and whofe Fortune is dearer unto
me, (hall profper and be happy wherefoever he goeth, and what-
foever he taketh in Fland, when he is in Favour of that God, under
whofe Protection there is only Safety, and in whole Service there
is only true Happinefs to be found.

What I think of your natural Gifts, or your Abilities, in this Age,
or in this State, to give Glory to God, and to win Honour to your-
felf, if you employ the Talents you have received to the bed LYe, I
will not now tell you; it fiifficeth, that when I was farther!: of ail
Times from diilembling, I fpoke freely, and had WitnelTes enough.
Bat tilde Things only I will put your Lordihip in mind of: Fir/r.
That yon have nothing which vou have not received: Secondly ,

* Uuu Thar

*522 A COLLEC TI O N

That you poiTefs them, not as a Lord over them, but an Accompt-
ant for them: Thirdly, If you employ them to ferve this World, or
your own worldly Delights, which the Prince of this World will
feck to entertain you with, it is Ingratitude, it is Injuftiee, yea, it
is perfidious Treachery. For what would you think of fuch a Ser-
vant of yours, that mould convert your Goods committed to his
Charge to the Advantage or Service of your greateft Enemies? And
what do you do lefs than this with God; fince you have all from
Him, and know that the World, and the Prince. thereof, are at con-
tinual Enmity with Him? If. ever therefore the Admonition of
your trued Friend (hall be heard by you, or if your Country,
which you may ferve in fo great and fo many Things, be dearer unto
von ; your God, whom you muft, if you deal truly with youriel
acknowledge to be Powerful overall, andjuft in all, fhould be feared
by you j yea, if you be dearer to yourfelf, and preferve an everlafl-
ing Happinefs before a pleafant Dream, which you mud (hortly
awake out of. Then repent in the Bitternefs of your Soul, if any
of thefe Things be regarded by you ; then, I fay, call yourfelf to
Account for what is pad, cancel all Leagues you have made with-
out the Warrant of a religious Confcience, make a refolute Cove-
nant with your God, to ferve Him with all your natural and fpiri-
tual, inward and outward Gifts and Abilities; and then Pie that is
faithful and cannot lie, has promifed to honour them that honour
Him: He will give you the inward peace of Soul, and true Joy of
Heart, which till you have you (hall never reft, and which when
you have you can never be fhaken, and which you can never attain
to by any other Way than this that I have (hewed unto you. I know
your Lordihip, when you read this, may fay unto yourfelf, and ob-
iccl to me, this is but a Vapour of Melancholy, the Style of a Pri-
lbner, a*nd that I was far enough from it when I lived in the World,
as you do now, and may be fo again when my Fetters are taken
from me. I anfwer, Though your Lordihip (hould think fo, yet I
cannot diftruft that Gcodncfs of my God, that his Mercy will fail
me or his Grace forfuke me. I have fo deeply engaged myfelf, as

(/LETTERS, *52 3

I mould be one of the miferablefl Apoilatcs that ever was ; I have
fo avowed my Profeilion, and called fo many from Time to Time
to witnefs it, and to be Watchmen over me, as I mould be the
hollowefl Hypocrite that ever lived, and the mod detefted Atheiit
that ever was born. Bat though I fliould periili in my own Sin, or
draw upon myfelf mine own Condemnation, mould not you take
hold of the Grace and Mercy of God that is offered to you, and
make your Profit by my wretched and fearful Example ? I Was
longer a Slave and Servant to the World, and the Corruption of it,
than you have been, and therefore could hardly be drawn from it.
I had many Callings, and anfwered fome of them, thinking a
foft Pace fall: enough to come to Chrift, and myfelf forward enough
when I law the End of my Journey, though I arrived not at it ;
and therefore I have been, by God's Providence, violently pulled,
haled, and dragged to the Marriage Feaft, as all the World have
feen. It was Juil with God to affiicl: me in this World, that He
might give me Joy in another. I had too much Knowledge while I
performed fo little Obedience, and was therefore to be beaten with
double Stripes. God grant your Lordfliip may quickly feel tl e
Comfort I now enjoy in my unfeigned Converiion, but that you
may never feel the Torment I have fuffered for my long delaying it.
I had none but Deceivers tocall upon me; to whom I faid, if
my Ambition could have entered into their narrowed: Breafts,
they would not have been fo humble; or if my Delights had been
once tailed by them, they would not have been fo precife. But
your Lordfliip hath One to call upon you that knoweth what it is
you now enjoy, and what the greateli Fruit and End is of all Con-
tentment that this World can afford. Think therefore, dear Earl,
that I have flaked and buoyed all the Ways of Pleafure unto you,
and left them as Sea Marks for you to keep the Channel of religious
^ irtue. For ihut your Eyes never fo loner, they mull be open at
thelait; and then you mult fay with me, There is no Peace to the
Ungodly.

* U U U 2 I

*524 A COLLECTION

I will make a Covenant with my Soul not to fuffer my Eyes to
fleep in the Night, or my Thoughts to attend the firft Bufinefs of
the Day, till I have prayed my God that your Lordfhip may be-
lieve, and make Profit of this my plain and faithful Admonition}
and then I know your Country and Friends mall be happy in you,
and all you take in Hand, which mall be an unfpeakable Comfort
to

Tour Lord/hip's Coufin>
And true Friend,

Whom no worldly Caufe can divide from you.

Robert Essex.

A Copy of the Earl of Effex his LETTER to the
Earl of Rutland about his Travel.

My LORD,

IHold it for a Principle in the Courfe of Intelligences of State,
not to difcourage Men of mean Sufficiency from writing to me,
though I had at the fame Time very able Advertifes. For either
they lent me fome Matter which the others had omitted, or made it
clearer by delivering the Circumftances ; or if they added nothing,
yet they confirmed that, which coming fingle I might have the
more doubted. This Rule I have hitherto prefcribed to others, and
now give it to myfelf. Your Lordfhip hath many Friends, who
have more Leifurc to think, and more Sufficiency to counfel than

myfelfj

of LETTERS. * 5 25

myfelf; yet doth my Love to you dedicate thefe firft free Hours,
to fludy of you and your intended Courfe. In which Study if I
find out nothing but that which you have from others, yet I fhall
perhaps confirm the Opinion of wifer Men than myfelf. Your
Lordfhip's Purpofe is to travel, and your Study muft be, what Ule
to make of your Travel. The Queflion is ordinary, and there is
to it an ordinary Anfwer; that is, That your Lordfhip mall fee the
Beauties of many Cities, know the Manners of the People of many
Countries, and learn the Languages of divers Nations, Some of
thefe Things may ferve for Ornament, and all of them for Delight.
But your Lordfhip muft look further than thefe ; for the greatefl
Ornament is the inward Beauty of the Mind: And when you have
known as great Variety of Delight as this World can afford, you
will confefs that the chiefeft Delight is, /entire te indies fieri me-
licrem-, to feel that you do every Day enworthy (if I may fo fpeak)
and endear yourfelf. Therefore your Lordfhip's End and Scope
fhould be that which in Moral Philofophy we call Cultura Animi>
the Tilling and Manuring of your own Mind. The Gifts or Excel-
lencies of the Mind are the fame that thofe are of the Body; Beauty,
Health, and Strength. Beauty of the Mind is mewed in grateful
and acceptable Forms and Sweetnefs of Behaviour; and they that
have that Gift, fend them to whom they deny any Thing, better
contented away than Men of contrary Difpofition do thofe to whom
they grant. Health confifteth in an unremoveable Conftancy and
Freedom from Pailions, which are indeed the Sickneffes of the Mind.
Strength of the Mind is that active Power which makes us perform
good Things and great Tilings, as well as Health ; and even Tem-
per of the Mind keeps us from thofe that are evil and bafe. All
thefe three are to be fought for, though the greatefl Part of Men
have none of thefe. Some have one, and lack the other two; a few
attain to have two of them, and lack the third; and alrnoft none
have all.

The firft Way to attain excellent Form and Behaviour, is to make
the Mind itieif excellent, For behaviour is but a Garment, and it is

eafy

*526 A COLLECTION

eafy to make a comely Garment for a Body that is of itfelf well pro-
portioned ; whereas a deformed Body can never be fo helped by
Taylors Art, but that the Counterfei tings will appear. And in the
Form of our Minds it is a true Rule, that a Man may mend his
Faults with as little Labour as he may cover them. The fecond
Way is by Imitation j and to that End good Choice is to be made of
thofe with whom vou converfe: Therefore your Lord (hip mould
affect, their Companies whom you find to be worthieft, and not par-
tially think them worthy whom vcu affect. To attain to Health
of Mind, we muft ufe the fame Means which we do for the Health
of our Bodies j that is, to make Obfervation what Difeafeas we are
apteft to fall into, and to provide againft them. For Phyftc hath not
more Medicines againft the Difeafes of the Body, than Reafon hath
Prefervations againft the Pamons of the Mind.

The Stoics were of Opinion, that there was no Way to attain to this
even Temper of Mind, but to be fenfelefs ; and fo they part with
Good to ranfom themfelves from Evil. But not only Divinity, but
even Philofophy her Handmaid, doth condemn our Want of Care
and Induftry, if we do not win very much upon ourfelves. To
ve which, I will only ufe one Inftance. There is nothing in
Nature more general nor more ftrona; than the Fear of Death ;
and there is nothing to a natural Man more impoftible than to re-
iblve againft Death. Cut both Martyrs for Religion, Heathens for
Glory; fome for Love of their Country, others for Affection to one
ipecial Perfon, have encountered Death without Fear, and fufTered
it without Shew of Alteration. Arid therefore, if Man have con-
tracted Paffion's chiefeft arid ftrongeft Fortrefs, it is Lack of Under-
Handing in him if he get not an abfolute Victory. To let down
Ways how a Man fhould attiin to that active Power, which in this
Place I call Strength of Mind, is much harder than to give Rules
in either of the other two. For Behaviour and good Forms may
be gotten by Education, and Health and even Temper by Obler-
vation. But ii ; there be not in Nature fome Aptnefs to this active
Strength, it can never be obtained by any Induftry. For the Vir-
tues

of LETTERS. #527

tues which are proper unto it are Liberality and Magnificence, and
Fortitude or Magnanimity. And fome are by Nature fo covetous
and cowardly, that it is as vain to feck to inflame or inlarge their
Minds, as to go about to plow the Rocks. But while thefe active
Virtues are but budding;, they mufl be ripened by Clearnefs of Judg-
ment, and Cuitom of Well-doing. Clearnefs of Judgment makes
Men liberal; lor it teacheth Men to efleem the Goods of Fortune,
not for themfelves, for fo they are but Jaylors to them; but for
their Ufe, and fo they are Lords over them: And fo it makes us
know that it is beat ins dare quam acci-psrc, the one being a Badge
of Sovereignty, the other of Subjection. Alio it leads us to Forti-
tude; for it teaches us, that we mould not too much prize Life, which
we cannot keep, nor fear Death, which we cannot fnun: That he
that dies nobly doth live for ever, and he that lives in Fear doth
die continually : Th.it Pain and Danger are made great only by
Opinion, and that, in Truth, nothing is fearful but Fear itfelf:
That Cuftom makes the Thing ufed as it were natural to the Ufer.
I {hall not need Proof in thefe two Things, lince we fee by Expe-
rience it holds true in all Things. But yet thofe that do give with
Judgment, are not only encouraged to be liberal by the Return of
Thankfulnefs from thofe to whom they give, but do find in the
very Exercife of that Virtue a Delight to do Good. And if Cuilom
be (Irons; to confirm any one Virtue more than another, it is the
Virtue of Fortitude ; for it makes us triumph over Fear which we
have conquered, and anew to challenge Danger which we have al-
ready happily conquered, and to hold more dear the Reputation
and Honour which we have encreafed. I have hitherto fet down
what Defire or what Willi I would have your Lordmip to take into
your Mind; that is, to make yourfelf an excellent Man; and what
are the general Helps which all Men may life which have the fame
Delire. I will now move your Lordihip to conlider what Helps
your Travel mav dive you. FiriT:, When you fee infinite Variety of
Behaviours and Manners of Men, you may chufe and imitate the
bell, When you fee new Delights which you never knew, and

have

*528 A COLLECTION

have Paffions (Hired in you which you never felt 5 you {hall both
know what Difeafes your Mind is apteft to fall into, and what the
Things are that breed that Difeafe. When you come into Armies,
or Places where you fee any Thing of Wars, as I would wiih you
fee them before you return, you mall both confirm your natural
Courage, and be made more fit for true Fortitude, which is given
to no Man by Nature, but mull grow out of the Difcourfe of Rea-
fon. And Laitty, In your Travel you (hall have great Helps to at-
tain to Knowledge, which is not only the excellenteft Thing in
Man, but alfo in Man who would be eitcemed for Manners and Be-
haviour. Your Lordfhip muit not be caught with Novelty, which is
pleaiing to young Men; nor infected with Cuftom, which makes
us keep our own ill Graces, and participate of thofe we fee every
Day; nor given to Affectation, the general Fault of mod of our
E?igliJ]j Travellers, which is both difpleafing and ridiculous. In
difcoveringof your Paflions, and meeting with them, give not Way
to yourfelf, nor difpence with yourfelf in little Things, refolving to
conquer yourfelf in great Things. For die fame Streams which
may be flopped by one Man's Hand at the Spring-Head, may drown
whole Armies of Men when they have run long. In your being
at the Wars, think it better at the firil to do a great deal too much,
than any thing too little; lor a young Man's, efpecially a Stranger's
iirfc Actions are looked upon; and Reputation once gotten, is ealily
kept, but an ill Imprefhon conceived at the frit is not quickly re-
moved.

The laft Thing which lam to (peak of, but the fir ft: that you are
to feck, is Knowledge. To praife Knowledge, or to perfuade your
Lordihlp to the Love of it, I mall not need to ufe many Words.
I will only remember, where it is wanting, that Man is void of all
Good. Without it there can be no Fortitude ; for all other Kind of
Daring comes of Fury, and Fury is a PafTion, and Paiiions ever turn
into their Contraries ; and therefore the moit furious Men, when
their firft Blaze is fpenr, are commonly moil fearful. Without it
there can be no Liberality; for tnvin:; is but Want of Audacity to

deny,

tff LET T E R S. * S 2<)

deny, or of Discretion to prize. Without it there can be no Jus-
tice ; for giving to one Man that which is his own, is but Chance,
or Want of a Corrupter or Seducer. Without it there can be no
Conflancy or Patience; for Suffering is but Dulnefs or Senfelefnefs.
Without it there can be no Temperance; for we mall reflrain our-
felves from Good as well as from Evil ; for they that cannot difcern,
cannot elect or chufe. Nay, without it there can be no true Re-
ligion; all other Devotions being but blind Zeal, which is as flrong
in Herefy as in Truth. To reckon up all the Ways of Knowledge,
and to Shew the Ways to obtain to every Sort, is a Work too great
for me to undertake at any Time, and too long to difcourfe of at
this. Therefore I will only fpeak of fuch Knowledge as your
Lordfhip mould have Defire to fcek, and have Helps to compafs.
I forbear alfo to treat of divine Knowledge, which mufl direct your
Faith, both becaufe I find my own Infufficiency, and alfo becaufe I
hope your Lordfhip doth SHU nourifh the Seeds of Religion, which,
during your Education at Cambridge^ were fovvn in you. I will
only fay this, that as the irrefolute Man can never perform any Ac-
tion well, fo he that is not refolved in Soul and Conicience, can ne-
ver be well refolved in any Thing elfe. But that civil Knowledge
which will make you live to do well by yourfelf, and to do Good
unto others, mufl be fought by Study, by Conference, and by Ob-
fervation. Before I perfuade your Lordfhip to fludy, I mufl look to
anfwer an Argument, drawn from the Example of the Nobility in
all Places almofl in the World, which now is utterly unlearned, if
it be not fome very few; and the Authority of an Englifo Proverb,
made in Defpite of Learning, "That the greatefl Clerks, are not com-
monly the wifefl Men."

To the Firfl I anfwer, that this Want of Learning hath been in
Countries ruined by civil Wars, or in States corrupted through
Wealth, and too great Length of Peace. In the one Sort Mens
Wills were employed to their own neceffory Defence, in the other
drowned in Studying the Arts of Luxury; but in all flourishing
States, Learning hath ever ilourifhed. If it feem flrange that I ac-

* X x x count

*S3? A COLLECTION

count no State flouriftiing but that which neither hath Civil Wars
nor too long Peace; I anfwer, that politic Bodies are like our na-
tural Bodies, and muft as well have fome Exercife to fpend their ill
Humours, as they muft be kept from too violent or too continual
Exercifes, which fpend their beft Spirits. The Proverb I take to
be made in that Age when the Nobility of England brought up their
Sons as they enter their Whelps, and thought them wife enough
if they could chafe their Deer ; and I anfwer it by a notable Pro-
verb, made by a wife Man, Scientia neminem habet Inimicum
prater Ig?iora?item- } u Knowledge hath no Enemy but him that
knoweth nothing." All Men that live well, live by Rule or by Ex-
ample. And in Book-Learning your Lordfhip {hall find, in what
Courfe foever you propound to yourfelf, Rules prefcribed by the
wifeft Men, and Examples left by the worthier!: that have lived before
us. Therefore Knowledge is to be fought by your private Study;
and Opportunity you mall have to ftudy, if you do not too often
remove from Place to Place, but ftay fome Time, and refide in the
beft. In the Courfe of your Study, and Choice of your Books, you
muft firft feek to have the Grounds of Learning, which are the libe-
ral Arts ; for without them you fhall neither gather other Know-
ledge eafily, nor make Ufe of that which you have. And then ufe
Studies of Delight, but fometimes for Recreation; and neither
drown yourfelf in them, nor omit any Studies whereof you are to
have continual Ufe. Above all other Books be converfant in His-
tories; for they will beft inftruct you in Matters Moral, Politic, and
Military ; by which, and in which, you muft ripen and fettle your
Judgment. In which Study you are to feek out Two Things: The
Firft, to conceive and underftand ; The Second, to lay up or re-
member; for as the Philofopher faid, Difcere eji tantum rccorderi.
To help you to conceive, you may do well in thofe Things in which
you are but raw yourfelf, to read with fomebody that may give you
Help; and to that End, you muft either carry over with you fome
good general Scholar, or make fome Abode in the Univerfities
Abroad, where you have the Profeflbrs in every Art. To help you

(/LETTER S. * 53 i

to remember, you muft ufe Writing or Meditation, or both: By
Writing,. I mean the making of Notes or Abridgments of that
which you would remember. I make Conference the fecond Help
to Knowledge in Order, though I have found it the firit, and greateft
in Profiting : And I have fo placed them, becaufe he that hath not
ftudied, knows not what to doubt, nor what to afk. But when
the little I had learned taught me to find my own Emptinefs, I pro-
fited more by fome excellent Man in half a Day's Conference, than
by myfelf in a Month's Study. To profit much by Conference,
you muft iirft choofe to confer with excellent Men, I mean excel-
lent in that you defire to know. Next with many ; for excellent
Men will be of fundry and contrary Opinions, and every one will
make his own probable. So as if you hear but one, you lhall know-
in all Queftions but one Opinion ; whereas by hearing many, you
lhall, by feeing the Reafon of the one confute the Reafon of the
other, be able to judge of the Truth. Befides, there is no Man
that is excellent in all Things, but every great Scholar is excellent
in fome one; fo as both your Wit fhall be whetted by converging
with many great Wits, and you fhall have the Cream or QuintefTence
of every one of thefe. In Conference, be neither fuperftitious in be-
lieving all you hear (what Opinion foever you have of the Man that
delivers it) nor too defirous to contradict. For of the firft grows a
Facility to be led into all Kind of Error; iince you fhall ever think,
that he that knows all you know, and fomewhat more, hath infi-
nite Knowledge, becaufe you cannot found nor meafure it. Of
the fecond, grows fuch a carping Humour, as you mall, without
Reafon, cenfure all Men, and want Reafon to cenfure yourfelf. I
do conclude this Point of Conference with this Advice, that your
Lordihip mould rather go a hundred Miles out of your Way to
fpeak with a wife Man, than five to fee a fair Town.

The Third Way to obtain Knowledge is Obfervation. I fay
Obfervation, and not long Life, or feeing much; becaufe, as he
that rides a great Way often, and takes no Note or Marks to direct

* X x x 2 him

*532 A COLLECTION

him if he come the fame Way again, or to make him know where
he is if he come near to it, fhall never prove a good Guide; fo he
that lives long, fees much, and obferves nothing, fhall never prove
a wife Man. The Ufe of Obfervation is in noting the Coherents
of Caufes and Effects, Counfels and Succeffes, and the Proportion
of Likenefs between Nature and Nature, Fortune and Fortune,
Action and Action, State and State, Time paft and Time prefent.
The Philofopher did think that all Knowledge did fo much depend
upon the Knowledge of Caufes, that he faid, Id demum fciemus
a/jus Caufam fciemus y "We only know that whereof we know the
Caufe." And therefore a private Man cannot prove fo great a Soldier
as he that commands an Army, nor fo great a Politician as he that
rules a State, or is a chief Minifter of State; becaufe the one fees-
only the Events, and knows not the Caufe; the other makes the
Caufe that governs the Events. The Obfervation of Proportion or
Likenefs between one Perfon or Thing and another, makes nothing
without Example, no nothing new. And although Exempla illuf-
tra?:t non probant," Examples may make Things plain that are
proved, but prove not themfelves;" yet when Circumftances agree,
and Proportion is kept, that which is probable in one Cafe is probable
in a thoufand; and that which is Reafon once is Reafon for ever.

Your Lordfhip now fees that the Ends of Study, Conference, and
Obfervation, is Knowledge; you muft know alfo, that the true End
of Knowledge is Clearnefs and Strength of Judgment, and not Often-
tation and Ability to difcourfe; which I do the rather chufe to put
your Lordfhip in mind of, becaufe the moft of the Noblemen and
Gentlemen of our Time have no other Ufe of their Learning, but
in Table-Talk; and the Reafon is, becaufe they before fetting down
That their Journey's End, as they attain to it they reft, and travel
not fo far as they mould. But God knows, they have got little
that have only this Difcourfing Gift. For though, like empty
Calks, they found loud when a Man knocks upon their Outfide ;
yet if you pierce into them, you fhall find that they are full of no-
thing but Wind, This Rule holds, not only in Knowledge, or in

the

of L E T T E R S. 639

the Virtue of Prudence, but in all other Virtues. That is, that
we mould both feek and love Virtue for itfclf, and not for Praiie.
For as one fays well, Turpe eft Proco Anjiilam follicitare ; eft autcm
Virtitth Anftlla Laus :--< ' It is a Shame for him that woes the Miftrefs
to court the Maid; and Praife is but the Handmaid of Virtue."

I will here cut off; for I find I have both exceeded the conve-
nient Length of a Letter, and come fhort of fuch a Difcourfe as
this Subject doth deferve. Your Lordihip perhaps may find in
this Paper many Things fuperfiuous, moft Things imperfect and
lame, and all without Method, and confufed. But what you
find fuperfiuous, call that away; it is but my Labour loft: What
you find lame, I will, as well as I can, fupply upon a fecond Ad-
vifement, if you call me to Account: What Confufion you find in
my Order and Method, is not only my Fault, whofe Mind is con-
founded with too much Bufinefs; but the Fault of the Seafon,
This being written in Chriftmas, in which Confufion and Difor-
der have, by Tradition, not only been winked at but warranted.
If there be but any one Thing which your Lordihip makes ufe of,
I think my Pains well beftowed in all: And how weak foever my
Counfels be, my Wifhes fhall be as flrong as any Man's for your-'
Lordfhip's Happinefs, And fo I reft, &c,

P. S. My Lord, if any curious Scholar, happening to fee this
Difcourfe, mall quarrel with my Allufion of the Gifts of the Mind
becaufe he finds it not perhaps in his Book, and fays, that Flealth
and conftant Temper of Mind, is a Kind of Strength, and fo I have
offended aeainfl the Rule that, Membra dhidentia non deberent con-
fundi; I aniwer him, that the Qualities of Wealth and Strength.,
as I have let them down, are not only unlike, but mere contrary,
for one omits in the Mind, and reftrains it; the other raifes and
enlarges it.

* Y v y y A

640 ^COLLECTION,

A remarkable Stratagem of a former Dut chefs of
Bavaria, to fave and to gain the Dufa her Hufban&s

Liberty.

np H E Emperor Conradus having clamed with Guelphus
Duke of Bavaria, he bore up a good while againft
him -, at laft the Emperor, recruiting his Army with Italian
Auxiliaries, fhut up the Duke in Winjberga, and beleagred
him fo clofe that he was ready to famifh j and the Emperor
having been provoked fo far that he vowed to put all to
Fire and Sword; the Dutchefs, being a comely courageous
Lady, went through the Throng of the Army into the
Emperor's Tent, and made fuch a flexanimous Speech which
fo much melted the Emperor, that he publilhed a Ploclamation
that for her Sake all the Women of Winjberga mould have
Conduct to depart and carry away upon their Backs as much
of their moil precious Wealth as they could bear. Hereupon
the Dutchefs took the Duke upon her Back -, and ever Wyife,
by her Example, her Hufband ; Maids and unmarried Wo-
men took up their Brothers, and Kindred ; and fo all
marched out. The Emperor being much taken with this
witty Peice of Humanity, publilhed a general Act of Amnefty,
and fo the Duke was redintegrated into his Favour,

of LETTERS.

641

An Original L E T T E R of Lord Haftings, who
was beheaded by Richard III. for effoufmg the
Caufe of Jane Shore, to Richard Butler, Efq m > in
Behalf of his Servant, Thomas Mylesj fig?ied
with his own Hand.

Trujiy and rythe wel beloved Friend,

I Commend me to you, and praye yu, infomuch as I am
informed ye bend youre Labors to vexe a Servante of myne ,
Thomas Myles i of Everden y whom I love wel, withoute Cawf,
reafonable; that ye vouchfaf, becaufe of this my Prayer, to
have hym the rather in your Favor, as he be nt fo vexede
hereafter, but that he may fit in Reft - 3 for I am loth that
any of my Servantes fhoulde have caufe to compleine upon
you, or I, to have any Thyng againfte you, Wretten at
London, the 17th Day of March.

To my well beloved Friend
Rjcbarde Butkr, Equiere,

Tour Friend,

Hastyngs.

A Letter

642 A COLLECTION.

June, 12 th - 1748.

A Letter from * P. D. Efq; to the Authors of the
Candid Difquiiitions, &C.

Gentlemen ,
r Have read over your free and candid Difquifttions, with
very great Pleafure, and heartily wifh they may be attended
with fuccefs, tho' I dont fee much profpecl: to hope for it. I could

willi

* N. B. This Letter was wrote by Peter Dob/ee, Efq; of Clapbam deceafed, the
Author of fome religious peices very well receiv'd and which diicover'd great read-
ing, good digestion, and excellent Memory, he had a very ierious turn of Mind, and
Sincere regard to the holy Ordinances and institutions of our Church, especially the
S xred and indifpenfable duty of the Lords Supper, at his requefl I print this
letter front, his Original M.S.S. and of which I prefume not to give any opinion
ri" my own. I beleive the Author or Authors of the Candid Difquiftions had a
very honest intention, great regard to the Church of England; and thought their
Schemes would remove fome prejudices, tend to uniting Christians in her pure
VVorfkip and add upon the whole to the beauty of our Liturgy; how far they
.'.em right or iKifiaken I Shall not fay, but only obferve that they have been treated with
more illmanners and illnature, than the Decent and calm Temper of the Gofpel dictate,
and with a 'Zeal not in all rcfpecls according to knowledge. But to return to Mr. Debtee,
he was a considerable Merchant in great dealings but laid up his Ticdiurc chiefly in
Heaven. With ail his worldly affairs and incumbrances about many Things he never omitted,
T he '.ne thing veedful, was moll humble and affable in his Behaviour, the belt
of Hujbands and Fathers and Sincere to his Friend, to the leaf! tittle and Punctilio of
honour. He was a great lover of the Clergy and a fecret Mourner without being a publick
vpbraider of their failings ; he had always a kind veil ready to call over their natural
miflakes and human pafjlons if ever he was warm it was againft that Society which
is diiiinguifhed by the name of Methodifs, but generally his ipeeches and writings againll
them diicover'd a true Christian Spirit, a toolnefs oi bead as well as goodnefs of heart, he
apprehended much danger to poor weak Chriftians from their abfurditys in doctrine and
practife, which he thoflght tended to deStroy relative duties and focial virtues, he often la-
mented the private rancour of Mind and fecret antipathy if not hatred in many of
his Friends turned Metksdifts to their former acquaintance, that indecent expressi-
ons of the Bifhops and Governors of the Church too often fell from the Mouths
even of the Lov.e/l and mod ignorant of their People, and that they boafted of great gifts
and infpirations without any demonfhation of a truly Charitable and Spiritual Difpofition.
he obierv'd that too many of their Ministers in a thirjl of popularity encouraged
a publick fight and contempt of Parifhioncrs to their regularly appointed Paftors,
and that their affections to them became by their means and insinuations entirely
alienated and their Churches abandon'd. if this was Cbriflianity, and the Tem-
per of the Go/pel, he profefs'd himfelf to have mistaken its doctrines and
tenets; He was ( to conclude ) a Sober, Serious and fincere Christian, and wifely
thought that he and be only loved Chrifl, and was his Friend who was careful to
keep hi) Commandments and be a doer as well as hearer of the Word.

/LETTERS. 64.3

wiffi you had not made fo many Apologies (of which there was
little need as your Friend intimates, Page 274) becaufe the Book is
thereby languid in the Reading, and as it inhances the Price, fo
it will not befo generally perufed as it really deferves.

Page 10 ^ L 3. You fay, " we do in the Power of the divine
Majefty worfhip the Unity." I am pretty fure that Doctor Waterland
objected to this Phrafe in the Collect for Trinity Sunday, as may
be (Qtn in fome Letters publifhed in the Weekly Mifcellany\ and
fince collected in Volumes, I have not the Books by me, lb can-
not be exact to the Words ; but they are in the fecond Volume of
thofe Mifcellanies. Now therefore, upon a review whether it
might not be better to alter the Phrafe ?*

Page 141. You have taken no notice of the Irish Common
Prayer Book, which has mod of the Offices you juftly find
wanting in our's. As a form of Confecration of Churches,
a form for receiving relapfed Proteftants, or reconciling con-
verted Papiits to the Church j an office to be ufed in the
Reftauration of a Church, a fhort office for Exuiation and
Illuftration of a Church defecrated or prophaned; a form of
Prayer for the Vifitation of Prifoners, and for Perfons under
fentence of Death, vou take no Notice of the Scheme fet
on foot by Archbiihop Tillotfon. for a new Book of Homilies,
about the Year 1689. of which an account is pretty much
at large, in Billiop Bumeis book intitled, fome Sermons preached

* " Thefe Words are unhappily translated, by adhering too clofely to the Order
oi the Lat:u. '["hey are to be ur.derflood, as if they were placed thus, and
: ' to nvoyJ/:lp the. Unity in the Po-iuer of the divine Mcjejiy, that is to worfhip the
'< Unity of Perfons, or the three Perfons, which aie united in the Power of the
: ' divine Maje.ty, as having one and the fame Infinite power common to them
:< all." Sit Dr. Bt.-.net, on tit Commw Prayer, Page 142,

Our Author; in the Niw Edit, of the Difquifitions, have altered the Phrafe
above mention by Saying " We do with an humble, and fincere Mind worfhip the Unity;"
and they add by W. y of Note, " The other Expreffion being more obicure, and
" though* by many to be fcarce intelligible, it was judged proper to be altered
" as above : Which is hoped will give no offence, fince if the other be indeed
" plainer and better., it pay. on juit Conviction, be again retrained." Page ici..

644 A COLLECTION

on federal Occafions, and an ejfay toward a new book of Ho-
milies, &c. Printed ly 13.

Page j 73. I wifli you had put at length the Judgement
of the Lord Chancellor, for few People, except Lawyers, have
opportunity to look into Reports fee Page 177. I do not find in
the Inflitutions of a Cbrijiian Man, Page 46. a ( i. e. J
firil h* I fuppofe, any thing that you refer to in the Book,
but, however as the Book is very fcarce come at, it had been
a nleafure to your readers to have had the PafTage at length.

The Divines of Newfchajile and Valngin, in Swiflland, were
not afraid of introducing a new Liturgy into their Churches;
1 have now before me the Second Edit, printed in the
Year, 1737- There is a very judicious preface before the
Prayers well worth reading concerning the ufefulnefs of Li-
turgies, the Ncccfiity of a fhort Service, &c.

An Engliih Edit, in Quarto (even before the Printing of the
original French) was published about the Year, 17 12. with the
Letter of Doctor Jablonfki, which you refer to Page 287.

The Church of Gsne-va, tho formerly fo extremely itrict
in keeping her old forms, has within few Years, admitted
a new Liturgy in her Service, wherein they have inferted a good
many Prayers from that of Newft '.' lie. I have alio another
pour I'ufage des Eglifes du pays de Veux pretty much to the
lame purpofe.

Tho' the Churches have a form yet they give liberty to their
Mirufcers to fupply the extraordinary Occafions of their Flock,
: Pravcrs of their own and I never heard that it was attend
c ) v !tli any of the Abufes feared here, if the fame liberty
v/a? granted.

P.. ..e 328. I bought the Prayers of Dr. Bafiere, mentioned

homes Catalogue, for a Countiy Man of the Doctors

: Mr Dumarcfq~] who is now Chaplain at Pclerfburf\ There

a prnpofal for tlie Reformation of the Common Prayer,

which

of LETTERS. 645

which I thought very judicioufly drawn up, Something in the
manner of the Propofals, Page 253. I judge the Paper [by
the Hand] to be written between the Years, 1640 to 1660.
Page 147 there is a form printed in Letin to be ufed by the Con-
vocation, during ists fetting; printed fingly, and in the Latin Edit.
of the Common Prayer, of 1703 thus intituled, ' Forma free urn
Cc in utraque do mo Convocation} s five fynodi Prcelatorum & cctcri
f< ckri feu Provincialise feu nationalis : In ipfo Jiatim cujujlibet
1 * flfionis initio folemniter recitanda,

Page 161 Your obfervations on the Uncorrectnefs of the
Bibles are very jufr. ; However that abufe will foon be corrected,
fincc Mr. Broughton the Secretary to the Society for promot-
ing Chriftian Knowledge, has been employed to correct the
w" !e Bible, in which he has been employ *d fome Years and
has confulted the Society where there was occafion.

1 hefe are Gentlemen the Obfervations I have had an opportunity
to make by a Curfory reading of your Book, I had no
thought of fending you any remarks thereon till I came to
Page 238 and therefore you'll be pleafed to excufe if I have
made any miftakes. I heartily pray that God may incline
the Hearts of our Governors in Church and State, to hearken
to your Diiquifitions, whereby our Church may become a
praiie in the Earth. I fend thefe hints, becaufc they co-
incide with your pious Delign.

I forgot to mention that * Biihop Burnet has fome where
very judicioufly wrote again ft the prtfent forms of Subfcrip-
tions. There is a Parragraph in the Conclufion of his Hit.
very well worth confidering, and what he recommends has
met with great Succefs, and with no inconvenience at all as wr
may fee in Chandlers cafe of Subfcriptions, Page 176.

I am, &c.

* I fancy I was miftakenj and the Paragraph in the Conclufion of his Hift.
was rcfered to in the Appendix.

Copy

64-6 i COLLECTION

Copy of a Paper found amongft the M. S. S. of Dr.
Ba/ire, mention'd in the former Letter relating to
to fome Alterations, &fc. In order to Comprehen-
Jion it is humbly offered.

i Hp II A T fuch Pcrfons as in the late Times of Diforder,
have been ordained only by Prelbyters, mail be admitted
to the Exercife of the Minijlerial Function by Imposition of the
Hands of the Bijhops with this, or the like Form of Words,

C Take thou a legal Authority to preach the Word of God
cc and to Adminifter the Holy Sacraments in any Congregation
" of the Church of England, where thou malt be lawfully ap-
" pointed thereunto :

2 That the Perfons to be admitted to any Ecclefta/iical Func-
tion, or Dignify, or to any Preferment in the Univerfity, or to
the Employment of a Schoolmajler after the Oaths of Allegiance
and Supremacy mail inflead of all former Oaths, Subfcriptions,
and Declarations, ("excepting the Oath concerning Simony, and
the ufual Univerfty Oaths ) be required to Subfcribe this or the
like Form.

I, A, B. Do hereby profefs and declare that I do approve
the Doctrine, Worjhip, and Government, efiablijhed in the Church
of England, as concerning all things necefjary to Salvation; And
that I will not endeavour my/elf or by city ether, direclly or
indirectly, to bring in any Doctrine contrary to that which is
Jo cftablfhed, and I do hereby promife that I will continue in the
Communion of the Church of England, and I will not do any
thing to difturb the Peace thereof.

3. That

^/LETTERS. 647

3. That the Pofture of Kneeling at the Sacrament, the Ufe
of the Crofs in Baptifm, and Bowing at the Name of "J ejus be
left indifferent ; And that the Wearing of the Surplice in
Parochial Churches, be either left indifferent, or taken away,
as {hall feem moil convenient : Provided that every Minifter be
obliged to perform all publique Offices in a Gown : And
that the Rubrick and Canons be altered accordingly.

4 That for the Satisfaction of Difenters, the Liturgy and
Rubrick may be altered in fome Paffages, particularly

1. Such as Seem to determine the Opinion about Baptif-
mal Regeneration.

2. Such as Suppofe the Exercife of the Primitive Difcipline.

3. Such as Seem to give Suppofition of more Sacraments
than two.

4. Such as Seem unneceffary Repetitions, either of the
Lords Prayer, or the Gloria Pair a, &c.

5. That fome other Leffons may be appointed out of the
Canonical Scriptures, inftead of thole out of the Apocripha :
That the Reading the Pfalms may be ufed ( at leait in the
Parochial Churches ) according to the New Tranflation : That
the Tranflation of the Singing Pfalms may be mended.

6. That the Liturgy may be mortned, efpecially the Mor-
ning Service.

7. That the Having of Godfithers and Godmothers be
left indifferent, when either of the Parents are ready to anfwer
for the Child.

8. That the Rubrick may be altered, which obliges all
the Priefis and Deacons to fay daily the Morning and Evening
Prayers, either privately or openly not being let by Sicknefs, or
other urgent Cauie : And that other Rubrick after Baptifm, It
is certain by God\ Word, Sec. And that other which excludes
unbaptized Pcrfom from Chriftian Burial.

* Z z z z 9. That

648 A C O L LE C T I O N

9, That Such other Expreffions may be altered, as do now
according to the common ufage of Words, feem lefs proper,
in the feveral Parts of the Liturgy.

5. That Some Alterations may be made in the Canons, par-
ticularly :

1 . That in (lead of the 6 Canon there be a Prohibition of
Preaching, or Printing about the Necefiity, or unlawfulnefs of
Ceremonies.

2. That the PafTage in the 1 8th Canon, concerning Bow~
i*tg at the Name of fefus, be omitted.

3. That the 26th Canon concerning Godfathers and God*
mothers be omitted.

4. That the 36, 37, 38. Cannons concerning Subfcriptions
be altered.

5 That Some further Proviiion be made againil Simony
by confidering of a Remedy againil Bonds for Refignation.

6. That the 41. about Plurality s be further Regulated.

7. That the 5;. about bidding Prayer, be fo explained
or altered, as not to deprive Men of the Liberty of urine a
conceived Form o Prayer.

8. That the 58. about the Necefiity of Surplices, be
tiken away.

0. That the 74. about Habits, be further considered.

10. That the 86. about certifying the Decay of Churches
to the high Commiliioners be altered.

11. That the Oaths to be taken by Church-wardens, be
'veil ( ;;:nYicred.

12. Tiiat the Q2d. and the following, concerning Ecclefi-
jfiiciil Coat '., 1 e altered.

1^. That icveral tilings may be added to die Canon s
out of the C01 i.-n of 164c, as the 9th Conftitution about

:'; - Boohe f Article:, for Vifitation, and the 1 ith. 12th. 13th. con-
cernin?; Chancellors and the 17th concerning vexatious Citations.

1 a. That in fie ad of Excommunication for fmall Offences,
feme other Penalty may be indicted: In

^/LETTERS. 649

In order to Indulgence it is humbly offered:

I. ; I v HAT fuch Proteflants as cannot be comprehended
-*- under the Publique Eflablifhment, may have Liberty
for the Exercife of their Religion in publique, and at their
own Charges to build, or procure Places for publique Worjlip,
either within, or near Towns, as fhall be thought moil
convenient.

II. That the Names of all fuch., who are to have this
Liberty, be registered, together wi h the Congregation to which
they belong, and the Names of their Teachers.

III. That every one admitted to this Liberty be difabled
to bear any Publique Office, but they (hall Fine for Offices of
Burden, and be obliged according to their respective Qualities
to pay a Tearly Samme for this Indulgence, not exceeding .10 >
per Annum, for each Mailer of a Family, nor being under
2s. Which fummes at prefent may be riilpofed of to the
building a fufficient number of Churches in London.

IV. That fuch Perfons, upon {hewing a Certificate for
being lifted amongfl thofe who are indulged, fhall be freed
from fuch legal Penalties, as are to be inflicted upon thofe
who do not frequent their Parilh Churches

V That the Perfons * fo indulged, mail for their Meet-
ings in Conventicles be punifhed by Confifcation of E/lates.

VI. That they be obliged to pay all publique Duties to the
Parifhes where they inhabit, and be prohibited to preach
againil the Publique eflablifhment

* On the Back of this pnper is Written. The Chaos of Comprehension.

X. B. The above Articles relating to the Alterations receiv'd a jujl contewpt
r.nd di/countenancc, if it mould be thought neceftary to fare away and alter alubiij :d
firms and Liturgies according to every Dijfenting St.:s, Notions, Opinions, end
Scruples; why might not frcfejid Infidels be expected to come u;:h their Objections,
and if Cor,ifh:[ fl '. :.; dictate an Indulgence of tkc?n alio, 'tis to !e fear'd no

divine hii.t: at all wcuid be left There is an /lei of Toleration, it is very proper

there fhould be one, 1 hope there always will, and God grant they may, but
s to the other matters I hope they will continue as they are at prefent without
innovation or alteration, nor have we any thing to fear under a government to
regardful of our happy eilablifhment and conititution in Church and State.

* Z z z z 2 Letters

650 ^ COLLECTION

Letters from T. G. to the Rev. Mr. Lawrence , concern-
ing fome Alterations formerly Proposed.

Y O U were pleafed laft Week to caution me concerning my
difcourfe relating to the Intended alterations in our Church
Service, for which I return you thanks and own my Obli-
gation; I think the Particular occafion of your Caution, you
did not acquaint me with, neither do I greatly defire to know
it, but that I may fet the matter of my difcourfes about
the Alterations in as clear a light as I can, I trouble you
with this to acquaint you, I think [according to the bell: of
my remembrance] my difcourfes that have hitherto happened
about the Alterations have tended to fbew my diilike only to
the Method of introducing fuch Alterations and not to the
Alterations themfelves. For I thought the Alterations in their
own nature indifferent [tho' they may be of ill confequence] but
the Method taken to introduce them I thought tended to def-
trov Unity, upon the following Suppositions, viz.

I. That our Church is govern'd by BilTiops

II. That each Bifhop has agreed on, and fubcribed to
certain Rules as Tyes of Unity.

III. That the Diflike of fome of which Rules difcharges
not from the Obligation to obferve the good ones.

IV. That one of fuch Rules obliges to the ufe of the
Common Prayer and Adminiflration, of Sacraments ; as, fet
forth in a Book for that purpofe Published, without adding

to or diminishing ought therefrom :

V. That

^/LETTERS. 651

V. That fuch Rule concerning the Common Prayer,
ought for Unity fake, to be obferv'd by each Bifliop till its
proved to be contrary or repo..- - to the Gofpel of Chrift.

VI. That each Bifliop k : :ountable to the Colledge of
Bifliops for the breach of v or any fuch rules, and lyeable
to be removed for fo dot

VII. That the prefer'. nded alterations are all in their
own natures matters of inference and not declared iiv the
Scriptures to be either >f Gods commands or our Saviours

Inftitutions; and therefore ought not to be introduced, but
by a Majority of the Col .'edge of Bifliops abovementioned.

VIII. That [each Bifliop, being accountable to the Col-
ledge of Bifliops for all Acts relating to Church Service, and
there heino; certain Rules agreed on by fuch College] the
Breach of that Ru' or Cannon concerning the Common
leaver made by uvy one of fuch College, is an Act of
Difobedience.

IX. That Obedience is better than Sacrifice.

X. That the Scriptures contain all things necefTary to
Salvation, and that what is not there contained ought not to
be delivered as matter of Faizh.

XI. That what is not matter of Faith may be altered
when the Majority of our Governours think convenient but
not fooner.

If my fuppofitions are not righly grounded, I fliould be
glad to know in what particular Inftance, for I form'd them
partly from fome difcourfe I have of late had about the Al-
terations, with three feveral Divines of our Church who
did not approve of fuch Alterations at this time, and partly
from former Readings or Hearings of my own, and alio
from fome Letters, I have feen under the Hand of a Bifhop
of our Church; who is tor fuch Alterations being introduced.

652 A COLLECTION.

By which Letters, I do not find but the Author will give
up all the Alterations, prov'ded an oblatory Prayer may be
generally ufed in our Church Service before the AdminL
ftration of the Sacrament. And I think I can't conclude
from his Arguments that even the Oblatory Prayer to be fo
ufed, is erTentially neceffary, otherwiie than by his own bare
AfTertion. What is abovewritten I think [with due fubmilTion]
contains reafons for my mewing my difiike [on all fitting
occasions] to the Method taken to introduce the Alterations,
which at prefent to me feems like coming over a Wall to a
Houfe inftead of knocking at the Gate. But if they are
not fufricient reafons, I hope I mail be fo far favoured as to
be informed wherein they are inefficient.

Confidering my own Weaknefs and Difobiiityes, in learned
matters, I ought indeed to make an Apology for what is amifs
herein, but I hope your goodnefs will excufe what wrono-
expreffions you find and abftract [if you can] my meaning-
putting the belt, conftruction thereon.

I am good Sir,

Your Sincere Friend,

and humble Servant,

T. G. yum

The

Dear Sir,

^LETTERS. 6 5S

The Anfwer.

September, 1 2th . 1717.

T Hope you have kept a Copy of what you wrote me ;

becaufe the Time I have at prefent obliges me to be fhort;
efpecially now the Matters about which fome have fcrupled,
are fet in a clear light, in publick Print.

Your Introduction is founded upon a Miftake, that the Al-
terations intended are of an indijjerent nature: This wants
vour fecond thoughts, and time I doubt not will convince
vou of the great reafon I had to give you that Council which
I did laft Week, in the Spirit of Meeknefi and Love.

You give me eleven fuppofitions, for your diflike of the
Method taken to introduce the .Alterations.

Your 1 ft. is only introductory to the reft, and fo needs,
not to be dirTcufs'd : Tho' Governed, is what I beleive
you are not rightly appris'd of,

Your 2d. is a Miftake, if fpoken of Subfcription either
iince, or at the Time of, their being confecrated or mack-
BithopS;

Your 3d. may be allow'd, but fuppofmg a Lawful Sub-
fcription as to good rules,

Your 4th. is a Miftake, to affirm that it is one of the
<-ood Rules; audit is begging the Queflion in debate; for
,ve % that, that Book us it ftands alter'd bv Calvinifb iV

L-tective. And therefore
Vour 5th. amounts to nothing in the Prefent cafe , and vou
: remember that the Church is bcit Interpreter of the Scnft

of the

654 i COLLECTION

the Controverted Texts of the Gofpel of Chrift. This Church
does in erfect cenfure the Book you talk of.

Your 6th. may be allow'd you, with a qualification, for it wants
to be otherwife worded, things are bad by virtue of valid
Laws made about them, which things may not be bad, in then-
own nature; and fo a rule may be bad which is contrary to feme
previous Law, which rule in its own nature might not have
been bad, if that firft Law had not been a Bar againfl the
making of it now a rule. Therefore you mould have faid
all lawful or good rules, but the Rules we difpute about
are neither. I candidly interpret your meaning and fo let it
pais.

Your 7th. is a very great Miftake;

Your 8th. is a Miftake alfo, becaufe not limitted to mat-
ters indifferent; when you talk of Difobedience ; for, when
things are finful, one Bifhop alone, if the reft dirTent from
him, is fufficient to reform them. And therefore.

Your 9th. is brought in here to no purpofe,

Your 10th. is true in general as to matters of Faith; but
then you muft have a care that you do not make a private
Spirit, to be the Interpreter of- Scripture; and fo feparate
from the L T nity of the pure * ancient and catholick Church,
who by her Doctrine and Practice has taught all our moderns
what neceffaries are contained in Scripture: You muft alfo
remember, the Credenda and Agenda of the Chriftian religi-
on are not to be found in exprefs Texts of Scripture, but
only to be drawn out thence by a long Train of Inferences
and Del actions ftrengthned by and founded on a juft Enquiiy
nto the Knowledge of the Language and Cuftoms of the
Places and Times, &c. wherein they were written, and alfo

known

* The Prir.siflei of this Writer are eafily feen through.

of LETTERS. 655

known by the Tefldmony of the ancient Catholick Church,
without which we muit be always running into eternal con-
fufions; for Example, in the Baptifm of Infants, the Chrifr
tian Sabbath, Epifcopacy, the Chriftian Sacrifice, the Inlti-
tuted Cup of the Eucharift, the form of Confecration of
the Elements; the Interogatorys to be made to the Candi-
dates for Holy Baptifm, nay more, there is one matter
of Faith itfelf, for which you mull be beholden to the Tef-
timony of the Ancient Catholick Church, which it is not
contained in Scripture Texts, and that is, which are the-
Canonical books of Holy Scripture.

Your nth. is a very great Miflake for the necefTary agenda
as well as the Credenda of Religion, may and ought to be
fettled by a minority when the Majority refufe to fettle them.
This is manifefl from the Abfurdity of the Contrary
Pofition, becaufe, if Biihops mud flay for the Majority af-
ter they have refus'd and Hill continue to refufe it, it mull
be impoflible for them to reform even the Greateft abufes,
and fo chriftianity mull: or may go on corrupted more and
more to the End of the World without Remedy; which it
is monftroufly Abfurd, and contrary to the Eilential Powers
of Epifcopacy itfelf

Thus you may fee in parvo the little or rather no reafon
you have to be over hairy in determining for others, wha t
you have not yet rightly determin'd for yourfelf: I doubt
not your Sincerity, but I muft caution your Zeal to keep
itfelf within the Bounds of humility and fufpicion of your
own attainments, that you may not involve yourfelf and others
in the Sin of Condemning the Ancient Holy Primitive Fathers
of the Church of Chrift and confequently [by your Novel
practice] in a grievous Schifm from the Bell and Purefl
Church of the earlieft days of Chiftianity; in whofe

* A a a a fafeil

656 ^ COLLECTION

fafeft Communion I refolve by Gods grace to live and dye
wiming that you and yours may do lb too, as I am.

Dear Sir,

Your Affectionate

Friend and humble Serv t

Trin: Coll: Cant.

A curious Letter from Mr. Stamper, to Mr.

Lawrence.
S I R,

T Shall be glad if herein I anfwer vour requeft and defire

you would take it as an Earnefl I {hall always be ready
to do fo.

IIgie^ fignines originally to do, act, bring about, but is ufed
in as many iigninci.tlons as any Word almofl in the Alpha-
bet, fome of which are as follows.

To Create, Occafion, Raife, Gather, Enact, Committ,
Sett, Compofe, Profitt, Fix, &c, Acts 18. v. 21. to Ob-
ferve or Celebrate - y Sometimes in the old Teftament to Sacri-
fice, but never in the New.

Facio the fimple Conftruction of Uaeu is fometimes ufed
for facrificare as in Virvih Eclo^s.

Cum feci am vitula ^ro frugibus, ipfe r oemic. But when
Uaiu) in the Text you mentioned is explain'd to facrifice, it
proceeds from that figniiication in fome places of the old
Teftament, which was rendred fo by the Septaaghii from

the

^/LETTERS. 657

the Hebrew word that iignirles both to do, and to facrifice,
but cannot therefore [as Mr. Ellis obferves] fignifie fo in that
Place, becaufe it relates to the preceeding Adtions of our

Saviour.

This Sir is the befh Account, I can give of that Word at
Prefent, if it anfwers your expectation, it will compleat my

I have but one thing more to advertife you of; that is I
humbly requefl you wou'd take upon you that moft difficult

office of Contracting G rs Loquacity, or I mud allow

him to wear Petticoats; tell him fo.

Sure too, there is fomething in that Argument of one of
your Society, [look round and you will difcover him] who
formerly thought the more he talk'd, the fooner his breath
wou'd be gone and confequently he could live no longer: I
wou'd inlaro-e; but the Pofl is founding: his Horn.
Thus Brevity, is very good,
Whether ware, or are not underjlood:

Yours in all Sincerity,

Tho s . Stamper,

ft*

A a a a a 2 From

658 ^ COLLECTION

September, 25th. 1713.
From Mr. Nelson to the Rev. Mr. Lawrence.

/^ B O U T five Months fince one Mr. Read bred at a
Preibyterian Academy and aged about Twenty-fo ir Years
came to the Rev. Mr. Richard King, at Exeter, deiiring
that he would introduce him to the Lord Bifhop of Exeter,
in order to be confirmed; Mr. King complied with his re-
queft, but his Lordfhip objected that his Baptifm, being Preiby-
terian, was not valid; upon which Mr. Read fet himfeif to
examine that Controverfy, and perufed feveral books Pro and
Con upon that fubject, and after very mature deliberation and
full conviction, came again to Mr. King and acquainted him,
that he was entirely fatisfied, and withall earnestly defiring
that he might be baptis'd, by my Lords approbation he was fo,
Mr. King and the Rev. Mr. John Walker of Exeter being
his WitnefTes; and he is fince entered of Baliol College in

Oxford.

P. S.

This is a Copy, of a Paragraph, of a Letter which I
promifed to fend you, and you may depend upon the Truth of it.

Yours,

O Holer, 2 2c". >

,;,? ' S R. Nelibn.

gf LETTERS. 6 59

A very curious and fenfible Charge to a Grand
Jury, by Sr. Henry Buthr, whofc Speeches,
Sfr. arc inferted in the firft Volume. At a
general Seiiion or the Pej.ee, at Lmdon-Dciiy^
Odivber^ 1 1 th. 1 6 8 1 .

am very fenfible how juftly I cxpofe myfelf to Cenfare, by
tlie Formality of a charge, and unavoidably lubjedt myfelf
to the imputation of vanity, by a needlcfs repetition of cau-
tions, and instructions to .Men of your approved experience
and ability : But I had rather fupererogate in the Civility of
a plain Harangue, than be deficient in a customary Duty
by an abrupt precipitation into bufinefs.

It is laid, that Reputation and Poverty make Men induilrious
but it is the Law that makes them honeil: I wifh that
all perfons who are under the fime qualilications, were not lya-
ble to the fame neceility: but fuch is the perverfe and in
corrigible Difpoiition of Men, that they will not be moved
bv the foft Allurements of lean and meacrre vertue: but ai?-
parently owe the Praetife of ordinary Morality to the Sharp-
neis and Coertion of the Law; were it not for this, our
ftatutes would not fvvell to (o hugh a Bulk, our Laws
v 'uid be comprifed in a fmall Volume, and little ufe or oc-
cauon would there be for the Numerous fwarm of Practifers
and Pleaders. But indeed every Man is the caafe and Author
ot his own deitruction ; every Criminal is really his own
Executioner: Barefaced vice is not oneiv ihelterd, but is be-
come predominant in every Houle an J. Family, and hath
io farr counterfeited the Nature of goodnefs, that re is a
fcandal to walk Soberly, and denotes a melancholick and
ill-bred Man; and every one coin, ' ds to appear not onely.

66o A COLLECTION

in the Garb and Habit, but in the Fafhionable vices of this
Age: Nay, we are grown fo malicioufly ingenious in finning,
that when God hath made us upright y we have fought out
many Inventions, contrived new Arts and Modes of doing
evil, &c. when the King hath indulged us with Peace, and
Protection, we have ingratefully compell'd him to contrive new
Statutes adapted to the variety of our new Offences. Wherefore
ilnce the Dictates of Reafon, the Checks of Confcience,
the Admonitions of the Law, the Prefcription of the Statutes,
and Ccnfure of the Judges, and the Example of convicted
Perfons, cannot prove effectual to reflrain Men from a wan-
ton and exorbitant Cuftom of tranfgreiling; It is your Duty
to make a lfrict and impartial Inquiry through the County,
whereof your are the Reprefentatives and to prefent

AUO fences committed againji GoA, the King, or your Neighbour.
jlgainj} the Common-Law, or the Statutes.
Agahijl the Public Good, or particular Property.
Tho' the obdurate Papift will not fpeak Blafphemy, yet
he \yill commit Idolatry, by being prefent at the Mafs: Tho'
he do not publickly adore the Pope, yet fecretly he advanceth
him above his Sovereign.

Tho 1 the hypocritical non Conformiji will not openly fpeak
againft the King ; yet he will tacitly defy him, by going
-iflray from tlic Church, and herdine in a Conventicle:
Tho' he do not loudly difturb the Minider, or deprave the
Common Prayer, or fpeak in Deriiion, or derogation of
the Church Service; yet it amounts to as much, to be ab-
fent from his Pariih- Church, to ufe, or incourage a new
faiv- led way of Worfhip, and to prefer the Un-concocted
Jjacuiatior.s of a fehiimatical teacher, to the well order'd
Difciplinc cilabliili'd among us.

One

of LETTER S. 66r

One Man thinks, he religioufly keeps the Sabath, by
abftaining from manual Labor; when in the mean Time he
ir-reverently profanes it by Idlcnefs.

He, who thro' the Coidnefs of his temper may not be
apt to fly out into Curfcs, and Execrations j may yet by
the Frowardnefs of his Nature he given to Back-biting, En-
vv Slandrine:, and traducing of his Neighbor.

He, who by the advantage of Education, and the Benefit
of o-ood Company, may not have arrived at a Habit of
Swearing may vet be addicted to Lying, Calumniating,
Whifpering, telling of Tales, and fpreading of falfe News
and Reports.

Perhaos the Fear of Death, and terror of the Law mav
reitrain him from going into open Rebellion; who will pre-
fume in a clandeftins way to foment an inteftine Infurrection.

Pcradventure he, who will not be fo hardy as to perpetrate
Treafon in the open Sun; may in a Corner abett a Travtor,
and releive a * Tory.

Shame, and Fear, may withhold a Man from committ-
ing Robery, Felony, and Rapine; who will not boggle to
fquteze another by Fraud, Cheating, Counterfeiting, and
Forgery.

The Man, that thinks fcorn to pick a Pocket, or rob a
flail in a Fair, or Market; will think it no (hame to brino-
a poor Man to beggery, by Oppreiiion, and Extortion.

Few Men are grown to that defperate degree, of Wicked -
nefjj to commit Wilful and premeditated Murder; bat it j s
t c -amnion to have their Hands flamed in Bloodsheds,
V:\'\cvj:'\ and Mavhems.

The IVfrn that labors to purchafe hame, and an Eftate by
bis Frugality, and provident bargains; doc? not {tickle to

proilitute
M Irifii Vagrants and Rogues fo csll'd.

662 ^ COLLECTION.

proftitnte his Credit by an avaricious pradife of Fore-ftalling
and Ingroffing.

Some Men carry an outward mew of an Honeft, Candid,
and peaceable Behaviour; who privately Foment, Fewds,
mantain Quarels, and involve themfelves and others in trouble,
bv Bribery, Champerty, and Embracery.

Perjury is a bold Crime, it works like Poyfon. and is as
hard to be difcover'd, proved, or decry 'd by ail Men, yet it is
too much cherimed in this Country; but in my Judgment,
he that hires or fuborns another to forfwear himielf, is the
greater Villane, as bringing two Souls into danger, and bears
the fame proportion to him, as the Devil to the Witch.

Pie that will not have a hand in railing Warr, or feiiing
the Kings Forts, or Magazines, but applaudeth Peace, and
Quiet; may yet be ingaged in Ryots, * Routs, and unlawful
AfTemblies, enchroach upon his Neighbors Property, and de-
feat his Right by forcible Entry or Detainer.

Common Barretors are to be purfued like common Thieves,
and an Affidavit-Man is more dangerous, than a Man robb-
hr upon the High way.

To plow by the Tayl, to pull Wool of living Sheep, to
burn Corn in the Straw, are not aga'nft the Law of the
God, or Nations; yet being prohibited by the Law of the
Land, they are to be preiented, and punifhed.

To deftroy Fifh out of Seafon, or in Seafon by unlawfull
Fnpinesi to bark Trees, or deflroy Wood, tho' in themfelves
tiiev are not flagitious; yet fince they tend to a public in-
convenience, as well as to a private Injury, they are not to be for-
gotten, or excufed.

Gent-

* It' Sir Harry bad lived in thefe polite Times he would not have made fa
. _' with the Dtlicate nmr.t of one of our niuit hi^b and elegant diverfionu

^/LETTERS. 663

Gentlemen, you are obliged to make a general furvey, and
ftrict infpection in and through the whole Country; be not
afraid to grafp, and incounter the mod: Gyantlike and over .
grown Crimes; be not fo lupine to pafs by the moft demi-
nitive Peccadillos; be not ranted out of your reafon by the
Turbulent Heeler, nor wheedled into a remilTnefs by the
demure Precijian-, do not 10 fift the Faults of your Neighbours,
as to ftop and hj hold of the p-ccf Pmre/s, andfuffer the
fmatt Duji to drop away, do not make ule of fuch a Net
as mail catch the [mall Sinners, and let the great Ones ef-
cape. With an even Moderation, with a wary Circumipec-
tion, and an impartial Inquifition, you are to make prefent-
ment of all TranfgreiTions 3 from the higheft Treafon, to
the lowed: TreiTpas.

But this is not your whole Imployment, you are not onelv
to handle and fcarch the Sick and fore Parts of that Body,
but you are alio to provide for the Health and fafety of it:
You mull not onely prefent all common Nuiances to be re-
moved, but all Defects of, or in Bridges, and Highways
to be repaired, and fupplied.

I am now to put you in mind of two Particulars, the
one whereof is common to the Kingdom, and practifed in
every Country, but this; the other is new, and without
Precedent, yet I perfwade myfelf your Reafon will allow of it }
being re-commended by the Arguments, of a General good,
and convenience to the County. The firft is, to eftablilli
fome order, and certain Incouragement for the Militia of the
County; My Lord Leiutenant and Council have commanded
it, all other Countyes have obey'd it, and our peace and
fecurity do as much require it. The other thins; is this,
the Goal is extremely peder'd, and the Coim'rv much op-
preffed, by maintenance of Prifoners, wiiote number is in-

* B bbbb created

664 i COLLECTION

creafed, partly by the Cruelty of officers, and partly by
the Idlenefs of the Prifoners, who {landing committed only
for their Fees, do take no care, nor Pains to procure
their Releafe, but having endured Reflraint for two or three
Affifes [and in the mean time fedd and mantained at the
Charge of others] are ufuaily in Courfe difmhTed by the
jubile cf a Goal Delivery. I would offer this for an Ex-
pedition, that at every Seilion a lift ihail be given to the
Bench by the Sheriffs of all Prifoners in the Goal; and that
fuch as remain there for their Fees, or for want of Secu-
rity, or for fmall Offences, be by the Bench committed to
the Houfe of Correction, to continue there, till by their
Labor they earn their Redemption, and in the mean Time to
be mantain'd by the Product of their own Labor,*

* But it is time to remit you to your Bufinefs, whole
Patience has bin too long exercifed by the diverfion of a te-
dious and unpoliihed Difcourfe. Remember your Charge,
and remember your Oath, to prefent all Articles given you
in Charge. And fo God direct you.

^/LETTERS. 665

To the COMPILER.

SIR,

p^ S this Age has produced fome Great Genius's in the
Brutal nature call'd Les Chi ens Scavants > There is a very
fine Gentleman of that Canine order of wits dwelling in Doctors
Commons, known by the Name of Mr. Pompey who feems
entit'led to the firft place amongfl thofe Adepts and whole Senfe
and Ingenuity in a certain misfortune which befell him., oc-
ciuuiicd the Greek Lines which you receive inclos'd from,

Yours, &c.

ffrpitpodofiuv y xvvwv Ilou-irr^'og t'.y.i 0^/5-^,
r ' ia-QV %x\. , uro\Xo7g xvapxnv ocy^yo'jo.

'O uvrog Ttrpog tov ccvtqv
Aeousv^.

Ou (ft coo slfjit lyco, 'J tyvyotg-, in (pevvjg.
As<T7totv dxxd (J/a^, -arig'og te, kcu auv orrydGSy

(Jg VVV Zll'tZ t'J.'d -GTcVJ'&> WTA',]~CV %;',

Kai ra.tpov icawei tcsvsou rivi sv r sr?.prorr;'j,
Ho\Xd kcli ocixCu-'V csia tX.zytlot %'.

A'jo'ov pt xv xzolkqV) Kdt } tr~fo Avraov ura.iTC.g->
T^ ij-ea dcizctiov ^ccXkov oi.rocujoc Afr,

'ElTtTCtipiOV*

Kpocuyqv Ar'l'g'UQ p (cXtpipc ai\vg'&> toiKTBV*
'AAA* 6-ye Tiii' Buvee-^ Kvvre^^ du^cTtouVj

4ir t ~tze cl?i ^lopcou, ydXct vZv ctiX'dpe ye Aocyov
M' ccfTrxKJyg nrdv\uv * Q'j*>v ntwxf- ^i.^>.

D> cKi> Commons, A. C

Dec. 1, 1753.

* U b b b b' 2 A

666 A COLLECTION

A remarbable Epitaph, which having fome-
thing of the Nouvelle is committed
to Public view.

Hie Jaeet Johannes

Quern prope dilecta fua Catherina Worthy

Quos Amor et Eccleila conjunxit,

Seperavit et Rerum et Nominum edax

Tempus et Tumulus :

Haric AnnoDom:M.DC.LX.VI. aetate integram rapuit,

Hunc M.DC.XC.V. feneclute fractum vicit,

Facilis Victoria !

Veniet Veniet tamen dies

Qua? raptam dabit

Qua: Vidhim invidhim reddet :

Vis plura Lector
Scias honeftis ortos Parentibus
Et quondam hujus loci
Nunc Beatioiis Incolas.

^/LETTERS, 667

A Curious and Ancient account of Water.

'T H ERE is nothing more neceflary for the life of Man
than water; if at any time bread be wanting, a man
may be nourished by fiefo and other viands; if fire fail, there
are fo many things found good to eat raw, that he may
be fuftained, for a time without it 3 but without water nei-
ther man nor bead can live 3 nor is there herb nor any
other kind of plant that can bring forth feed or fruit with-
out it: all things therefore have need of water and q'I moif-
tare. This is fo true that Thales and Hejiod, have though*
that water was the beginning of all things, and the anci-
enft'/l of all elements ; again it is the mofr. powerfully for as
Plinie faith, and likewife Ifidorus, water mines and diilblves
mountains, reigns over the earth, extinguifheth fire, and
converting itfelf into vapours, furpaifeth the region of the air,
whence afterwards it defcends to engender and bring forth
all things upon the earth. So God eileemed water, that
having concluded to regenerate man again by baptijm, he
determin'd it mould be by the means of that clement.
And when he divided the waters, at the beginning of the
world, he had them in fuch efteem, that he fet them apart,
and placed the waters above the firmament, without com-
prehending that which compaffeth the earth.

The greatelt punilhment, which the Romans gave to thofe that
were condemned, was that thev prohibited them water and fire,
putting water before fire for its dignity. Seeing then that water is
fo neceflary for mans life, we ought with diligence and care, to

rind

668 A COLLECTION

find out that which is the beft. For which purpofc I will note
fome properties of water, alledged by Arijiotle, Plinie and JD/-
afcorides, and others, fpeaking of the election of waters.

The nrir. inmaattion is, that if a man travel into llrange
countries, and would know if the waters there are good for
his ufe, let him obferve and confider the neighbouring rivers
or fountains, and of what life and difpofition the people in-
habiting thereabouts are; if they be healthful, ftrong and
well coloured in then* faces, without fore eyes, or legs, fuch
bear witnefs of the goodnefs of their water, if contrary then
of the badnefs of it. But if the water be new found out>
fo that this experience is wanting, there are other proofs.

You mufi take a clean brafs bafon very well polifhed, and
call into it certain drops of tl,c water, whereof you would
make the experience, and after the water is dried, if the
baton nave no facts where the drops were, it is a lign that
the wafer is good.

It Is alio a good proof to boil, the wafer in the fame ba-
lon, and th^n let it cool and fettle, and after it is poured
out icftly, if there remain no gravel nor flime in the bot-
tom, it is a fign the wafer is good. And of two ibrts of
wnfer, that which is lcaft gravelly or flimy is tlie beit.

If in this veiTel or any other you boil pcafe, beans, or any
other nulfe that makes pottage, that is the beft water that
boils them fooneft. You muff alio confider, when you would
nv.'.ke a certain experiment of waters, from what place they
take their head, or original, whether it be Cindy neat, and
clear, or muddy, thick, and foul, or whether there grow
any rufhes on any other unwholefome herbs. But for more
fafety and fare remedy, if you will drink of an unknown
water, or which is not reputed good, let it be boiled a lit-
tle over a gentle fire, and let it cool again.

Plinie

of L E T T E Pv S. 669

Plinie faith, that the emperor Nero boiled his water I >
and cooled it again in fnow, and magnified h'm r c ! f that he
had found out fuch an invention. The reafon why Idled
water is more wholefome than others, is, becaufe the wa-er
that we drink is not fmi>le in its proper nature, but is
mingled with earth and air; now by the firs the wiadinef
is exhaled into vapour, the earthy parts by the nature of
the fire, (which doth refine and ft. par ate the divers natures
defcends to the bottom and there rots. By th.H means water
that is boiled becomes lefs windy than raw water \ becaufc the
windy quality that it had at the firit is evaporated, it is al-
fo more fubtil and light, being purified from the earthy parts,
and fo much more eafy to be kept and preferved, fo that it
cools again, and is competently kept without much altering.

And bv this we may know, that well-water is not {0
good as others; becaufe it participates more of the earth,
and is not purified by the heat of the fan; and therefore
is more eaiy to corrupt; yet the more water is drawn cut
of a ivcfl 3 the lefs hurtful it is, becaufe the continual mo-
ving, hinders the accuflomed corruption that fattens to waters
i'lclcjed and have no courie, and then nature fends new anj
frejh water according to the meafure that hath been drawn
out: For this reafon the waters of lakes and Handing pools
are the word oi ail; becaufe tor want of running, they cor-
rupt and breed evil things, and many times infeel the air, which
breeds difeafes to thofe that live near them. We mull aeain
conlider, that thofe waters which have their courfe towards
the loath, are not io good as thofe which run towards the
north, becaufe in the fouth parts the air is more mingled with
vapours, and moiflure which fpoils the water, and in the
north parts, the air is more fubtile ana lefs moijt 7 v> hereby it
iw ells not, nor is made fo heavy.

The

6 7 o i COLLECTION

The Water that is moft. clear, moil light, moft fubtile,
and moft purified is the bed:, becaufe, as we faid before, it is
lefs mingled with other elements, and again, being fet over
the fire it heats fooner than other Waters, So it is a fingular
trial! between two forts of Water, to fee which will be firft,
hot in the fame quantity, by the fame fire, and the fame
fpace of time; And alfo to fee which will be the fooner cold,
for thofe are two arguments of the penetrable and fubtile fub-
ftance : and for as much as the mingling of the earth among
the Water, argues the weight of it, it is good to choofe the
light eft, which may be done by this experiment.

Take two peices of linncn cloath, both of the fame weight,
and put one piece in one of the Waters and the other in the other
Wafer , and let them fo remain till they be throughly wet,
then take them out and fpread them in the air, where the
Sun comes not, and when they are dry weigh them again,
and that piece that weighs moft mews that Water to be the
heavier!.

Others weigh them in two neat glaffe viols, both of a weight
Arijhtle and Plinie fay, that the greatefl caufe that diverfifies
the quality of Waters is from the fubftance of the earth; from
Stones, Trees, Mineral!, and Mettals by which Fountains and
Rivers pafTe, and this makes the one hot, and the other cold ;
one fweet, the other brackilh, Wherefore it is a certain rule
that Water which has neither fmach nor fmell is known to be
the bef!:. All thofe that have writ of Water maintain, that
that which pafTes through the Mines of Gold is the bed. And
that thofe Rivers are the moft excellent in the world, whofe
fine fands engender and preferve gold.

And now of rain Water, which is praifed by fome, and
cenfured by others. Nitruves, Columellas and tome other Phy-
ficians, give great praife to rain Watcr t when it falls clear and

neat ;

of L E T T E R S. 671

neat; becaufe lay they, it is light and not blended, in as
much as it proceeds of vapour, which by its fubtilty is
mounted into the region of the air, and it is to be believed,
that the weighty and earthy part remains upon the earth.
And although fome fay, that water that falls from the clouds
corrupts prefently, as we fee in (lauding pooh which ingendcr
much impurity, yet we mull not fay it is the fault of the
water, but that it is received in fome place, where cither
mud, or fome other pollution is; and by the means of that
filth it carrieth along; with it as it falls upon tiie ground
when it rains abundantly: wherefore trie caufe of its fudde i
corruption proceeds from that it is fubtile and delicate, and
bv the heat of the Sun, and moiflure of the water, with
the mixture of fuch filthinefs. Yet if this water fo fubtile,
purged, and clear, was received falling from the tops of houfes
that are clean, or at leaft when it falls from the cloud; through
the air, before it touch any thing, and received in clean veffels,
it would be better than others, and would keep longer.

There are fome of the contrary opinion, as Plinie, who fair.':
rain water is fo unwholfome, that one ought not to drink it ; be-
caufe the vapours from 'whence it iilu.es, proceed from manv
caufes and places, whence it receives different qualities, as welt
bad as good; And {hewing yet further reafons, he anfwer s
thofe which we have before alledged, and faith that the trial 1
is not fullicient, to fay it is good, becaufe it is lighter, for
being drawn out of the region of the air; for fuch an evapo-
ration is drawn on high by a fecret violence of the Sun, and
by the lame reafon that is alio vapour whereof the ftonie hrrd-
neile or hail is formed in the air, which Water is pemitious,
and likcwife that of fnow ; he faith further that beiides this
defect, rain Water is made unwholfome by the vapour and heat
of the earth, when it Rains; and for an argument of its impu-

C c c c c ritv

672 ^COLLECTION.

rity, we cannot but fee how foon it will corrupt, whereof is
made a true experience at Sea, where rain Water cannot be
preferred. For this caufe we find fault with Wells and Citterns.

Upon all thefe opinions every one may give his own as he
thinks good ; as for me, I approve lefs of rain Water than o-
ther, although it be more neceilary, and that Plinie who finds
fault with it faith, That Fifhes grow fat in Pools, Lakes and
Rivers, and that when it rains they grow better, and that
they have need of rain Water. Tbcophraftus faith, that Garden
herbs and all others, water them never (o much, they grow
not fo well a> with rain Wafer*

The great Author from whom I have abftractei thefe re-
marks, fpeaks of two Lakes whole Waters have ftrange pro-
nertvs.

'The Fir/?, is a Lake of Judea called Asfaltide which fince
hath been named Mare Mcrtimm, The dead-fea; of this Water
is reported wonderful! things, by Plime, Collumel and Diodoras.

They fay there is not any fifli breeds in it, nor any other

living thing, and that no living thing links into it; So that

if a man be call in, or any other creature, they cannot fwim

in it, nor move. Plinie and Arijlotle report a reafonj

they fav, The Water of this Lake is grofs, very fait, and thick.

C i-iielhis c Tc;elt:-s adds to it this property, That for any great

wind whatfoever it fairs not, nor makes any waves at all. The

Authors, and alio Solon in his V alibi jlor faith, that at

certain times there conglutinates in tins Lake, a certain kind

of thick fubftance, or ilime, which is a very ftrong Cyment,

or glew, more ftrong than any other which is called Bitumen,

and Asfclca. We read alfo of other Lakes that brin; forth

like kind of Cvment.

As one in Babylon, with which Cyment, Semeramis caufed the

ftoncs of the great and renowned Walls of Babylon to be joined.

Into

of L E T T E R S. 673

Into tliis Lake of Juclca falls the river 'Jordan, whofe water is
excellent, but falling thereinto, this excellent water lo r e> its great
virtue, by the unaptnefs of this lake. It is laid that Domitii n
lent to make experience ot this lake, and it was found as is afore -
faid.

P////yfpeaks of the fecond, a lake in Italy, named Averiws near the
lea, in the gulf of Bagos. And that lake hath this propertv amonpft
others that no hard flies over it, that drops not dead into the water,
for this marvellous effect Lucrei ius gives this natural rcaion that
from the thicknefs of the trees which grow on the banks of that
lake and from the great made which they form the ufeful influenc
of the fun is loft, and that there comes forth, fuch a grofs, and
infected vapour, that the birds are lti tied as they fly over it, the
lame author faith further that there are mines of fulphire therea-
bouts which add to the foregoing effect.

It is reported of another water cali'd Ltcus in ( Jud:a, by TZv-
opbra/lus and Pliny, that it hath the property of oyl, ;\nd will
a in a lamp, that there is a lake alfo in Ethiopia whofe water
has the fame quality tho', fo fweet and clear, that people are temp-
ted to ham in it, but whenever they do they come out as greaiy
as if from a bath, made of oyl.

Herodotus ihcaks of a great river cali'd Hlppenh, whofe wai-
ter h in itf.lf very tweet and wholibme, but that there is a little
iitain conflantly running into ir.j which imewcew it to fuch a
de.aee that it his impolhbie to drink a drop of it. The fame au-
thor, as alii) Isiodorus writes oi two rivers in "'^-.tja, which
have vciy Grange and different properties, that one makes a man

fe hi- memory and the other flrmgthens it, that the on. c ;^s or
aualihw any itching or pricking of t - bl od, ana the other pro-
voke ' -, the lam" author fpeaking of a water cali'd r>w fo .- -
tain oi j.a a : >' i... ells us that four times a year it chants

i - e lo'.s.r, and. of anoihe, .. ' e which three time: a d.w and thn e

'' C c c c c 2 times

674 i COLLECTION

times a ni^ht changes its fweet taite, into bitter, and its bitter, in.
to fweet; and of another water in the country of the Garramonts y
which in the clay time is fo cold, that it is impomble to touch it,
or to drink it, and in the night time, is fo hot that whofoever puts
his liana in it, is burnt, it is call'd the fountain of the fun, and is
like wife mention 'd with thefe extraordinary qualitys by Arian Di-
i-tkritS) ^uinius Currius, Lucretius, ckc.

The fane authors fpeakof many waters with petrifying qualities
a ;d give an account of one in Epirus, with this marvellous des-
cription not to be mention'd but from fuch authority, viz. that it
vou put a burning torch in it, it will quench it, and if you put it
i.i uulighted, it will fet it on fire, that it is always dry at mid-day,
as the evening comes on, it fwells and never ceafes, and at mid-
night is fo full that it runs over.

There are fountains of fweet water which entring into the fea,
keep above the fait water, of which there is one in Sicily and in an
iile call'd Enarie upon the coait of Naples,

In a word nature produces her great works more evidently in water
than in any other element. As for the fea that great body of water
it has very hTange and marvelous property's, it is hotter in winter than
in fummcr, and yet it is very natural, the weather is more ftormey
and tempehtuous, which puts it in ftrong, violent, and impetuous
motion, which force or ftrength of motion, caufes greater heat
and rapidity, it is much falter in autumn, then at any other time,
and it is extreamly remarkable, but very true, that by a great quan-
tity of oyl, call into the lea it abatethits rage and fury, I mean within
the influence of that oyl,

To conclude, as there arc different qualitys of earth in
proportion to tb i fulphurus matter and mines, which arc in the
it, and through which ieveral fprings and fountains run: .c is no
wonder to fee inch various properties and cricks as have been quo-
ted 3 we dailv ice that vines and other fruits of the earth, are bet-
ter in one place man another, ia one place they are A. net, in ana-

Li ^

(/LETTERS. 675

rher iharp and lower, in one wholfome, in another umvholfome
ail which are produe'd from the property's of the earth, where
certain waters caufe the effects. The air itfelf is corrupted and
becomes peftilential according to the clymate, or country, it paries
through 3 what is there fo marvelous then in the different properties
of that, which waters and penetrates the earth. And thus ffones,
metals, herbs, roots, trees, ground and mines, take their good
;md evil quantities from the climate they are in, and the nature
and qualitys of their fubterrancous waters 3 and efpecially being al-
ibied and aftecled by the force of the Planets and liars.

Glory be to thee great God and author of nature. All thy works
pra/fi thee Lord, and thy faints give thanks unto thee,

* To Mr. Cieberj jun.
Dear Theo.

\\ Y love to good Mr. Wilks, in anfwer to his kind meffage
by Mr. Ray, and defire him to get delivered the inclofed

to my Mama, which I wrote, as you will find, in an

inexprembie conflict of paffions.

I have this afternoon had a villi from the poor illiterate
Ordinary, Mr. Guthrey, and rcceiv'd him with a decent re-
fnect for my own lake; but had no way of getting rid of
him, except one; which was by talKing on point.- or religion,

and learning, a little above his capacity; he orier : d me

to read the office; but I told him, <c that I had a particular
prayer of my own, and had no notion of any fet form of

prayer," and fo difmifs'd him: However I am to be

troubled with his inlipid viiits thrice a day; tho' I told him

< that 1 h.v.l a very eminent divine in Dr. Young." But

poor wretch will have his way, and fo let him.

* ".".''. 'jtter and '..: c ,, .a i "K c ler ar.J c : rcu -!i'',iic3: cC the iin'ortun.;tc jenon who

676 i COLLECTION

I hope you are mended in your health, as for death

am eafy, and dare meet it like a man, all that touchts

me is the concern of my friends, and a reconcilement with
my mother I cannot exprefs the agony I felt when I wrote

the letter to her 3 if you can find any decent excufe for

mewing it to .Mrs. Oldfcld, do;- for I would have all
my friends (and that admirable lady in particular) be fatisued
I have done my duty towards it. Pray my kindefl remem-
brance, dear Theophilus, to your wife. I am

moil affectionately, Yours

Saturday Kight

R. Savage.

P S. The weight of my fetters has (o weakerTd me (being oblig'd to lye in them)

that I can fcarce drag myfelfcrofs a room 1 could not help fmiling this afternoon

a kind of a bookfeller vifited me, in order to folicit me for an account of myfelf, to be

printed at my deceaie What indecencies will not wretches commit thro' hopes of

money : Dr. Young, to day, ient me a letter moil pafiionately kind.

J S the mind of man generally appears mojl undifguifed, in
his literary co?~efpondence, with his mojl intimate friends,
undefgncd for public view, the following letter, 'tis imagind,
may agreeably gratify the curious, as well as candid, reader :
'Twas wrote by that unhappy gentleman, the late Mr. Richard
Savage (a Natural Son of Earl Rivers, by the, then
Oamtefs of Macclesfield ) when he was under fentence of death .
to Mr. Theophilus Cibber. From him I had this true
copy of the original. 'Tis to be ohfrvd, This epifle was wrote
I f ' Mr. Savage was reprieved, or was in e?-p- tela: ton of the

royal mercy, afterwards bcjlowdon him, which :eas procur'd

by the fob 'citation of his friends, and a more favourable repre-

entatiO'i of the cafe, to his majejiy, than appear d on Irs trial,
from nuviy prejudiced, an J fome bad witirfes, for a jar-
deer account of this unfortunate perfon, be pleas d to look into

Mr.

^LETTERS. 6 77

Mr. Gibbers Lives cf the Poets, pubHjVd a year ago,

end now republifing, by Griffiths, in Paternoiter-row.

At the time. Mr. Cibber was concern d in writing thofe lives,
this letter was mi/laid, among a number of other papers; or,
'tis probable, it would have then found a place in the account
there given of the life of Mr. Savage, &c.

The date of the letter is only Saturday-Night, it being

fent bv a meffenger from Newgate to the Theatre Royal m
Drury-Lane 5 it may not therefore be improper to inform
the reader. The time of writing was in the firit year of
his prefent majeity's reign.

A curious Tract of the Amity and Enmity, which
by a fecrct property, arc in many Creatures.

HpHE ancient philofopher Heraclitus, and divers others iince
-*- him, have been of opinion, that all things are occalioned by
concord and difcord and that by peace and enmity, w inch is in all
things, comes the generation and corruption of them, of which
philofophy I will not now treat of as well became the fiibject would
be difficult for me, as that the reader would receive little pleafure.
However we will fpeak of the love and enmity which is between
many things, and that none knoweth truly from whence the caufe
; -oceeds, which in truth is a tiling very wonderful, as firft that
which is between the do? and the cat, between ey/and e-kw
between the jlag and the adder, and ilich like, that na-
turally hate one another, and yet this enmity proceeds not from
elements, for the contrariety and enmity which a ,veen

tin \gs of which they are compofed, is moft clear; aswef-e, that
v a.-, is an enemy to lire, becaufe the fire is hot an \ c-.ry, and the

water

6-3 A COLLECTIO N

water cold and moid, in fueh fort that thefe elements are totally
contraries. The water and the earth are friends in as much as they
arc hot]} cold, but they are contrary in this, that the water is moid,
and the earth dry. Betwixt tin? fire and the earth there is fome
conformity, bccaufe of the drinefs of them both, and difference
by the heat o^ the lire, and the cold of the earth. So betwixt the
elements there is a contrariety, and yet in part of them there is
fome conformity. All things then being, thus compofed,
that thing in which the elementary quality mod governs, takes the
name from that quality, and that we call things hot or cold, moift
or drie, fome in a more high degree than others, according as the
thing is qualified, with one of thefe fir ft four qualities. And fo
it comes to pais that one thing is contrary to another cauling divers
effects, which contradiction is molt manifeft, and we know it fb
fare, that now we will come to give the reafons.

But of this other enmity which proceeds not from the elements,
but from a fecret or hidden propriety orfuperior influence, requires
a deep contemplation to fearqh out from whence the caufe
proceeds.

The dog and the cat (as we have faid before) would do one ano-
ther mifchief, and yet we know not wherefore, we fee ailo other
things that agree and love one another, and vet this love is not de-
rived from the elements whereof they are compofed.

The ajfe delircs and loves an herb call fagapena or giant '-fennel^
which is venemous to other beads of the nature of horfes. The
f x is a friend to the adder which is an enemy to all other beafls.

'1 his is not of the lead consideration, that it is alio amongftmen
as among beads, teeing that, not knowing wherefore, nor how one
man Lii.it fc*wtl: another at the fird light, that never fiw or knew
one another before, v/iil contemn and loath him, and fometimes
fo foon as he i'iiall fee one he knoweth not, he will bear him af-
fection and reverence him, although they be great perfons, yea

lord?.

of L E T T E R S. 679

lords. There are others to he found, that feem as though they
were horn to he tutors and inilrudlers to other, as you may fee
two men, whereof the one will fufter himfelf to be led and gc-
verned by the &/.Atv, and in this many times the lord by his fer-
vant, in fuch fort, as it feemeth he were naturally fubject unto
him, and we can give no reafon for it.

in like cafe we fee fuch fubjeclion and enmity amongd beads,
as between the eagle and the /wan, between the raven and the kite,
and many times we fee that the kite {hatches the prey out of the
ravens claws. There is alio enmity between the kite and the owl,
the eagle and the p"co/.

The /7<nj perfecutes the adder, for with a drong refpiration of
his breath, which he makes at the mouth of the adders bi.ro wing
hole he draws him out and eats him. That it is true that there is
fuch an enmity between them, you may prove it by burning Lome
of the flags hair, for all the adders will fly from the fmoak of it.
There is alfo great enmity betwixt the raven, the affe, arid the
bull, becaufe the raven attempts always with his beak to drikc out
their eyes. The greated enemies to the wolf, are the fix, the ajfe.
and the bulls

There is alfo a natural quarrel betwixt the vulture md the eaf,
the lyon is afraid and fhuns the cock, alfo the fire, and noife of a
waggon. The Henna is an enemy to the panther. The jeorpiou
hath a deadl) hatred to the tarantola, whole biting or fling cannot
healed [as it is faid] but by mufick, and there is fo much enmity
between thefe two beads, that he that is thicken with the fcorpion
is healed with the oil wherein tarantolaes have been fteeped and
futrocated. The elephant which is one of the dronged beads, fear*
and limns a /hake or an adder, and alio a Jheep, and is amazed at
the grunting of a hog. There is a kind of faulcon \\A\\ch.Aripotle
calleth tieo, that hath a great war and debate always agamd the
/,.;, end as oL<jh as he em, beats and perfecutes him. Elian wri.es

* D d d d d that

68o ytf COLLECTION

that there is a great enmity between the raven, and a kind of
falcon called pelagre, and between the raven and the turtle-dove.
There is alio a deadly hatred between the owl and the fork, the
pat ridge and the tortoife. The pellican perfecutes the quail, above
all other birds. And the horfe is afraid more of a camel then of
any other bearl. There is alfo great difcovd and enmity amongfh
nines. The dolphin is an enemy to the lampry.

The adder if he feeth a man cloathed he will hurt him if he can,
and hath the boldnefs to venture at him, but if he fee him naked
he flieth from him. The rats and the fnakes, or adders, are great
enemies, and when they cover their eggs in winter, and that they
go not out, the rats perfecute them and make war againft them,
and the /hake which by inftinct of nature knows it, makes provi-
sion for the rats to feed on, that fo they may be bufied and leave
them. The rat is fo afraid of beech-mad, that if you fhould put
never fo little into the curds that make cheefe the rat will never,
eat of it. The monky ftiuns the tortoife and craw-fifi

There are birds of prey, very little ones, which Plinie calls efa-
fons that wifli fo much mifchief to the crow, that they fearch out
their nefts and break their eggs The fpider hath war with the
fnake, and Plinie faith will kill it, when the, fpider fees the fnake
fleep under the tree where fhe is, flie lets herfelf down by a thred
that {lie makes, and then gets into the head of the fnake, where
me bites, and fo fattens herfelf, that (he will not forfake him till
me hath killed him with her venome.

There is alfo amongft other inanimate things, a natural contra-
diction, and enmity. For oil is an enemy to glue, oil is an ene-
my to water, fo is lime; but the oil and the lime agree together
and join naturally.

Coleworts will not thrive, if they be planted near marjoram.
Salt-water becomes fweet, if it be mingled with mcal-Jlower, fo
that in two hours after it may be drunk.

?/ LETTERS. 681

We might bring fo many examples of thefe natural enmities,
which are between things animate and inanimate, that it might be
brought to a great length, and likewife of things that love one a-
nother. As the pehe/is love the company of pidgions, The tar//<?
the popengay. The blackbird, the ft Id if are or the tburflo. Arif-
toile faith, that there is fo much /sm'<? betwixt a /W of fparrow
and a crocodile, that this great beafl opens his mouth, that this
little bird may fee to cure and cleanfe his teeth and his gums
with his beak, and that thefe birds are nourifhed thereby: it is faid
alfo that there is great amity between the fox and the raven, be-
twixt the crow and the turkey-hen, and likewife betwixt the lark,
and the bird called the jone. The fox agrees well enough with
the fnake; and the Jbeep are not in danger among them, The
fea-mole is fo beloved of the whale, that Plinie faith, it goeth
fwimming before the whale to warn him of holes.

A curious and antient Tract giving an account vvhv
man goes upright: why lie weigfieth more faffing
than when he hath eaten, and the caufe why
he weigheth more dead than alive, &c.

HP H E contemplative matters, concerning the comoofition of
-*- man are infinite. Lac~la?itiu$ Fcmian writes a book of them

apart. An .1 fo have other learned men. In truth there is one thing
amongil many others that deferves particular contideration to be
known, tint is, why God hath made all other creatures [except
man, who is oorn the chief J whole eyes for the mall part look
downwards towards the earth, and not only reafonable creatures,

* D d d d d 2 but

682 ^ COLL EC T I O N

but alio vegetables, as we fee of trees who have their head and
foundation in the earth, and their boughs and branches above; as
for man, he hath created him only with his eye towards heavenj
his face upwards, and his body ftreight up . And although by all
reafon, for thefe things it were iufficient to alledge the will of God
yet it feems this was done by a myftery, and therefore worthy of
contemplation; fo in truth our difpofing or making, manifeftly
ihews us, that we were not born for the earth, but we were crea-
ted to contemplate high and heavenly things, which are not com-
municated to other creatures, not being capable of them, and
there is none but man only that is worthy of them; God had
created all beafts with their head downward, to fhew them that
man only reigns over them. One of thefe reafons is eloquently
noted by Lr.clantius, faying, that God having determined to make
man lor heaven, and other creatures for earth, he made man
flrcight and upright and difpofed to heavenly contemplation, that
lie might admire the effects, and have in reverence the place of his
original and his native country, making all other creatures low and
bowing towards the earth; becaufe they have no participation
in heaven. Arijhik that had no light and faith faith, that man
only amongit ail creatures goes upright, in refpect to his fubitance,
and his parts are celefirial and not terreftial. And the office o" the
fpirits is knowledge and underilanding, in which man could not
well know how to exercife, if his body were great and weighty ;
becaufe the charge of his body, would make his underftanding
dull.

Learned St. Thomas, who forgot not to difcufs, and to examine
any thing, leaves not this queifion undetermined, for in the ex-
pofition of youth and age, he faith, that for two caufes man was
formed upright towards heaven, the one that he might be the moil
perfect of all creatures, and he which participates and comes near-
er!: to the quality of heaven; The other becaufe in the proporti-
on

cf L E T T E R S. 683

on of his body, he is more hot than any other creature, and that
the nature of beat is to advance upward, other creatures keep the
mean as lefs participating of the heavenly quality, and having lefs
of this heat which raifeth up. For this caufe they are not of the
lame work and difpofition as man. It feems in this St. Thomas
would follow the opinion of the platonifts, maintaining that the
beat and the fpirit of man [in which he abounds more than any
other creature, confidering the proportion of his body] is the caufe
that man goeth upright and ftreight as he doth ; becaufe by the
force and vigour of the fpirits and the blood, he lifts himfelf up-
right, being helped by the composition and harmony of the ele-
ments, whereof man is cornpofed, with iiich equality and weight,
that he may lift himfelf. Now ibmething is in it feeing that by
that part of the foul, and this of the body, men are put forward
to the love and contemplation oi heaven, the " ousrht then to con-
fider and think of high., fpiritual and good things, and on the con-
trary to fhun low, bale, and earthly things, And yet neverthelefs,
we leave ourfelves fo to be overcome with the car. j 5 of this life,
and earthly confiderations, that moil of our time we lift up our
eyes to heaven, but our fpirits and thoughts are en the earth.

As for the propriety of the fpirit of man, whereof we have
fpoken, Plinie alledges one thing more, which though it be
not of fuch importance as the reft, vet it may pive a tin: of
fatisfaction to him that knows it not, or would not have thought
fo much, though experience manifests it daily. He faith, that a
man when he is dead, weigheth more than when he was alive,
and that it is fo in all kind of creatures, and that he that hath
eaten his breakfalt weighs lefs than when he was failing. Erafinus
m one of his problems faith as much, and other things of note,
giving the fame reafons that Plinie doth, which are founded in the
erknee of the fpirits and the air which doth lighten them as we
laid berore. So likewife a man that is failing weighs more than a

man

68 4 si COLLECTIO N.

man that hath eaten ibmething, although one would think he
mould weigh lefsj forafmuch as he that hath eaten a meal, hath
(o much the greater charge and weight. And neverthelefs it is fo,
and we need not marvel at it, for eating and drinking: augments
the fpirits and chears him, which makes him grow and increafein
natural heat. From hence it comes, that one man allaying
io lift up another j if he will that is lifted up, he can
make himfelf heavier by forcing forth his breath within
him, which if he mould keep in he would weigh lighter, alio
one that runs breaths but little that he may run the more fwift-
becaufe the air being a very light element, defires to lift itfelf up
high, where its place is naturally: as we fee, a peice of fkin
of chejucel, or a bladder unblown, thrown into the water, it
{inks prefentlyj but blow it up with air and it fwims above the
water. In the fame place Plinie faith, That a body dead in the
water, when it comes to float, if it be a man his face will be up-
wards towards heaven, if it be a woman, me will rife with her
face downwards, which provident nature hath fo ordained, to co-
ver the mamefull parts of a woman j There is yet an other natural
reafon for it ; And that is, that women weigh heavier in the
foreparts becaufe of their breafts j And men in their back-parts
becaufe of their moulders.

Some remarkable Anecdotes of Pope Sextus the
fourth, &*c. and of Philip of Mucedon.

\\/TI E N he came to be pope, one of his poor tret l l^ n n of he

order oi' St. Francis came to vifit him, to whom .-c v e

ihewd all his treafures, jewels and rings; faying hro 1 < m- ot

fay as St. Peter, freer and gold I have none ; it is tiuv, ,)..>'.. d

the

of LETTERS. 685

the poor fryer, nor can you fay as that apojlle did at the fame time
to the impotent and jick of the palfv, rife and walk: giving to un-
derstand thereby, that the popes were already more ftudious to be-
come rich, than to become faints-, And the pope which knew
that his brother (pake reafon, took it patiently.

There happened almoft the fame to an arch-bilhop of Col/ine,
tw a country labouring man. For one day a> this poor man w?
at work in the field, the arch-bifhop pniTed byfomewhat near him
having a train of guards armed in the German manner. And the
clown, at the paffing by of the arch-oifkop fel into great laughters
which the bifliop perceiving, afkeci what moved him to laughter.
the country man anfwered, I laught at St. Peter prince of prelates
which lived and died in great poverty, to leave his fuccefibrs rich..
The arch bifhop who round himfelf touched, to mftify himfelf
anfwered, my friend, I go fo well attended becaufe I am a duke
as well as a bifop, which the poor labourer hearing, he fell a
laughing much more than before? And afking him again why-
he laughed, he anfwered very boldly, I would my lord you would
tell me, if this duke you fpeak of mould be in bell, where do
you think then would be the arch-bifl:op\ inferring thereby, that
two profemons could not be in one man ; for offending in one, he
could not be juftified in the other. To which aniwer the arch-
bifhop, finking his head, made no reply, but without any injury
or difpleafure fhewed to the labourer, went his way afhamed.
Philip the father of Alexander, having underflood that Nicanor
(pake evil of him in publick, was counfelled by fome to fend for
him and punilh him: to which he anfwered, that Nicanor was
not the worn: man in his kingdom, and he would know f he
wanted not fomcthing; becaufe he held himfelf tied to relieve hi r.;
when being advertized that Nicanor was in great poverty, n.
of puniflnng him for the faults he had committed, fenthim i ri-Jj
iv.'cientj at which, he that had accufed him laid unto the king,

that

686 ^ COLLECTION

that Nicanor, went about the flreets {peaking gracioufly f him,
to whom the king anfwered. Now I fee Simicus (for fothe accu-
fer was named) that it is in my power to make men fpeak well, or
ill of me.

This Philip was again counfelled to banifh out of his kingdom
an ill-tongued fellow, and one that ftandalized him very much.
To which he anfwered, that lie would not have any fuch thing
done; becaufe he that would villify him in his own country *> he-
would not have him to do the like in "a Jlrange country, giving
to underltand, that what he gained by clemency, and noblenefs
proceeded from wifedome and good Counfel. This Prince was
in thefe Things and divers others very excellent ; he would
fay he was bound to give thanks to the governours and princes of
athens; becaufe by reafon that they fpake continually evil of him
and of hi. actions, to make them liars, he would every day grow
better and better, in the amendment and correcting of his govern-
ment, He would never puniih them that fpake evil of him,
but rather take away the occafion. Which rules being
well obferved by us, would yeild us great profit, two ways: the
one to amend our lives: the other \ that we fhould not have fo
many detractors. It is truly great not to be much troubled at
any evil, that we know is fpoken againfl us in our abfence. And
it is a greater temperance not to be moved or grow four at an
injury that is offered to us in our prefence.

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^LETTERS, 687

Jn the following conrfe of Letters y are many anecdotes of
Me?t and Books> great injlances of fne fenfe and
Politenefs.

From William Brown, Efq; Deputy Comptroller of
the Cujloms.

SIR,

Had the happinefs to be under the fame roof with you laft
Tuejday evening, but you had a brother poet, * how unworthy
foevcr of the appellation, to fave from the gallows, and the coro-
ners inqueft took up all your time and thoughts above flairs, while
your friends below could have curft the inqueft and the caufe of it,
for depriving them of your company.

I can remember one thing the laft time I enjoy'd that pleaiure
tho' the wine drown'd a great deal, you promifed to put Mr.
Birch's -f death in a news-paper, but I have not yet feen it. He
deferves at leaft fo fmall a monument, that it mould be known to
the world there was fuch a man, and to his friends and acquain-
tance thai he is no more. In cafe you are pleafed to perforin your
promife. I hope you'll pardon me to give you this caution, not
to take notice of his being fucceeded by Sir,

Your very humble Serv*.

Dec. 3d. .727.

William Brown.

* The late Mr. Richard Savage, who kill'd one St. Clare.

t Mr. Tbomai Birch who was a Deputy Comptroller of" the Cuiloms.

* E e e e e From

688 ^ COLLECTION

From the late Dr. Woodward the Phyjician, to Mr*

Cook.

Gresham Coll: Jan. iff. 1727,8.

Sir,
I^ r PI E N I fpokc to Colonel King about my Hefwd, 'twas on
fuppofition that you had done with it. Incafe you have not,
keep it as long as you pleafe. That or any other book I have is
at your fervice. Very few fcholars have or know that edition.

Hejiod is an author fo very crabbed and difficult that, if you ac
quit yourfelf well of that undertaking, I cannot think of any
that you are not equal to. I mail rejoice that it do you honour
and myfelf to contribute any thing in my power towards your
fervice 3 Nor mail a man of your parts, learning and accomplish-
ments ever want any thing that I can fupply you with. I am much
concern'd that I never fee you here. Let me do it as foon as you
can. As I am writing this there comes in from the carrier a fine
young turkey , pray come to morrow and eat awing of it with me.

I am much touch'd with companion for Mr. Savage's great
misfortunes and have endeavour'd to find out fome fit perfon to
make a tender of any afliftance I can poflibly give him. If it was
proper, and I might prefume to offer fuch a thing, I would fend
him a fmall new-years-gift. Be fo good as to find me out a way to
do it ; I wifh you heartily profperity in all your affairs, with a
happy new-year. And am,

Your Affectionate,

Faithful humble Serv*.

J. Woodward,

of L E T T E R S. 689

From the late Arch-bifhop Wake, to Mr. Cook.

S I R,

Til E confideration of your application determines me to break
a refolution which my age and infirmities made me take, to
have done with all fubferiptions as far as it is in my power, without
the ofrence of my friends, to obferve it. Indeed as I look upon
my life to be in a manner at an end, fo I have little more to do
with books than to amufe inyfelf fometimes and pafs away a ilate
of dullnefs and infirmity with the ufe of them: Whether I lhall
live to fee your work * printed is therefore what I look upon as
very uncertain: However if you pleafe to fet me down as a fub-
icriber I have herein enclofed the whole fubfeription as fet down
in your propofals, and am, Sir,
April, :6th. 1728. Your Loving Friend,

W. Cant.

* Mr. Cook's tranflation of HeJtiJ, which was publifh'd in quarto in the year, 1728.
and lbme years after in twelves.

From the late Lord-bi/hop of London, to Mr. Cook.

Sir, Cockpit, Whitehall, Jan. 30. 1728,9.

THERE is a great variety of learning in Clemens Alexandria
nits, very proper to be enter'd into and coniider'd by fcho-
lars: but at preient I am not fatisfy'd that it will be of much ufe
to Englijh readers. The perfon who has coniider'd that work moil
exactly is the prefent Biihop of Oxford; and if, upon application
to him, you find that he is of opinion it is a work proper to be
tranilated into Englifh, his authority in that particular will be of
more fcrvice to you than any other. I am, Sir,

Your allured Friend and Servr.

Edm. London.
* E e e c e 2 Mr.

690 ^ COLLECTION

Mr. Theobald, to Mr. Cook.

Dear Sir,
JAM to return you double thanks for trie favour of the
Volume you have been fo kind to fend me, and for the
many obliging things you have thought fit to interweave in
your eompolition on my behalf; I wifh the over complaifant
zeal of the friend on this occafion, does not draw upon me
fome fneers from Mr. Pope?, immediate partifans, and thofe
that are difpofed to look with more impartial eyes, than you
have done upon

Sir,

Your moil obliged and

Faithfull humble fervant,

Wyan's Court, April the lit. 1729.

Lew: Theobald.

When ycur affairs can draw you our way, I hope, I fhall have the favour of
iceing you.

From the late Mr. John Mottlcy, to Mr. Cook.

March , 1 73 1 .
Dear Sir,

YOU fay you prefer my company and eafe to any body elfe,

and yet I found you could give me up unjuftly and without a

hearing, in an inflant, and with fuch an air and fuch language,

as, if you had not put powder in my drink, I could not eaiily

forget or forgive.

^LETTERS. 691

As for the man who was principally the occafion of mv going
from Hunters, I fliould be lorry he mould have rcafon to contemn
me upon a fuppolition of my having done a mean thing, as much
as I really defpifethe acquaintance of one who, if he has a know-
ledge of words, feems perfectly ignorant of the behaviour of a
gentleman, and I mall always think the knowledge of what is
proper to be done is preferable to mch flamy rhetoric, as made
o - 1, an idol in three-half-penny clubs. lam, Sir,

four humble Servant,

John Mottley.

From the late Mr, Leonard "Welfted, to Mr, Cook.

Toiler , July, i6 173 1.
Dear Sir,

Was juft going to write to you, as your melTenger came, to
let you know, how infinitely grieved I was, that I was forced
to difappoint you; the truth is indeed this, I have, fince I receiv-
ed your commands, got up every morning, determined to write
inch an epilogue, as I could, but have been fo afflicted with the
gravel, which indifpofition Hill continues upon me, that I was
not able to ftrike out a fingle line, this is no evafion upon my hon-
our. I heartily wiih you joy of that extreme pretty prologue
which Sr. Robert Henley has writ for you, as well as of your own
agreeable performance, and am very fenlible with what difadvan-
t..,e I fliould have appear'd in fuch company: Iamfure if I could
have done it, my vanity would have been highly gratify 'd in it.
You may remember how poorly I acquitted myfelf to Mr. Mottley
in fuch an affair, and I dare lay, you would not wiih me to ex-
pole

bgz A COLLECTION

pole myfelf hull more and worfe, efpecially to the hurt of one I
have ib great a regard for ; good nature and a readinefs to oblige
or ferve thofe I love would perhaps make me indifferent as to my
own character, but abiblute inability from frequent interruptions
of health is an cxcufe which no man of your worth and fenfe will
heiitate about. This letter itfelf will perhaps convince you of my
incapacity to do what I promifed, at leafl it ought to convince you
of my concern for the inconvenience I may have put you to by
lo long a fufpence, and of the refpect and affection with which,
I am, dear Sir,

Your moil faithful humble Servt.

Leonard Welfted.

A Letter from Robert Earl of Effix to the Earl of Suffix.

Tempi Elizabeth.

[ Perceive by your letter the tender care of our honourable friend
who, doubted he had increas'd my difeafe or diitemper, bv
giving me occaiion to wryte unto your Lordfhip ; but I pray
you allure him, that it is a great comfort and contentment unto
me to hear from him, into whole hands and unto whofe affectio -
nate care I have committed my felf and my preient fortune j it
(hall never be pain to me to exprefs kindnefs and thankfulnefs
where it is Co well deferved, therefore I pray your Lordfhip remove
that doubt, and let him know that though myne extreme cold
have dulled all my fenfcs, and made me almoil a right mi lord
rf Angletcrrc, yet I mall never be as dull as not to feel and ac-
knowledge the kind and worthy offices I receive from him. and
to convince him that he hath an honeft debtor of your Lordfhip,

Moil obliged friend

and tender Coufin,

Effex.

/ LETTERS, 69

From the late Sir Robert Henley^ Baronet.

Dear Sir,

[ Have comply 'd with your requeft, and if you are not bet-
ter equip'd, and will venture the following Prologue hope
you'll efcape the ferpents In haft

Yours fmcerely

R. Iieuley,

HT H E tragick mufe full twice a thoufand years,

In lofty fcenes has rais'd our hopes and fears -,
By unexpected turns me gives furprife,
New joys me gives, then fils with tears our eyes j
A war of paffions in their breafts they feel
As the mufe fires, who have not hearts of Steel. '

Old Aschilus in traeick numbers bold,
The griefs of mortals, and immortals, told -,

He leaving nature and terreftial plains,
Sung Joves revenge, and bound a God in chains.

Next Sophocles majeftick in his rage,
To admiration charms a knowing age j

In all the pomp of words he greatly lings,
The wreck of empires and the woes of Kings.

Euripides fententious and ferene,
Bright tho' not blazing, grae'd the tragick fcene ;

Proud Rome that gather'd of old greece their ftore^
Compar'd with her, in tragedy was poor -,

In Nero's reiarn the moralizing fare

Drew but faint lines of the Greecian page.

694 A COLLECTION

To thefe fucceeds a race of monkifli days,
In which no learned bard was crown'd with bays ;

One difmal cent'ry to another yeilds,
No found is heard but the loud clafli of fhields ;

Hums, Goths and Sandals, from the northern clime,
S-ivarm on the Earth, and fright the land of rhime \

Mute are the ?iine i virtue and learning fleep
Whiifl war and zeal their wakeful vigils keep.

At length the tragick mufe again appears,
And gives the promife of fuccefsful years ;

Britain and France the facred influence feel,
From Shakespear, Fletcher, and the great Corneile.

Their bright examples other bards infpire,
And emulous of fame, their bofoms fire -,

In virtue's caufe the fons of verfe engage,
And moil inflrucling, moll they charm the age*

This night our bard the glorious tract perfues,
New to the Stage he courts the tragick mufe;

By an invented tale, a tale of love,
Without the guilt of blood, he flrives to move ;

To their own peace he fhews the parents blind,
Who difunite the hearts which love has join'd ;

With candour he intreats you to attend
And hopes your favour, as he's virtues friend.

June> 17 $1*

From

^/LETTERS. 6 95

From Anthony Henley, Efq;

Dear Cook,
HP 1 1 E hurry I have been in on account of my own election,

and attending our two candidate?, [who are rigid oppofers of
all excife fchemes] has prevented me from anfwering all your
letters; I am perfwaded the caufe of liberty juftly excufes me from
your refentment, fince I am convinced no perfon would act more
in that way, than yourfelf had you a fortune to fupport your fen-
timents, I had long before this time fent you the impreffion of
Terences head, but it is lock'd up in town and no one can gett at
it till I come, and then if of any ufe, 'tis much at your fervice,
Fielding who I fuppofe you have feen before now, did me the fa-
vour to call on me here, but to my misfortune I was then from
home- he has a vaft deal of humour, but I beleive you'l join with
me in this point, he is too free with his friends. The letter you
wrote me wherein you give me a fhort account of the company at
the Mitre was fo nicely drawn I thought myfelf prefent. I find
the pattentees and players go on juft as they did, I mould be glad
to hear how it is likely to end.

I am,
Grange, Nov; i/th. 1753, Your obliged,

Anthony Henley.

From Anthony Henley, Efq; to Mr. Cook.

Dear Sir,

VOU 11 defcription of the play-houfe fewds; give me much
fatisfaction, but a continuance of their follys will give me
more; And tho' my hurry of affairs in order to fecure my election
does prevent me from anfwering yours immediately, yet I hope
that will not be deem'd a neglect.

* F f f f 1 he

696 ^ COLLECTION

The Craft/man of the 24th, which has given much offence
to the hireling authors of this abandon'd age, was the produce of
this place, and wrote to my electors at Southampton : it was forced
to be curtail'd efpecially fome little hints to ******* I only
let you know whole it was and delire your thoughts on it, I am
fure you are too much my friend to difclofe this to any one, fince
I deiire you not.

If your time permitted betwixt this and chriltmas I fhould be
jrlad to fee you here. I am,

Your obliged friend,
Grange, Dec, 9th. 1733. Anthony Henley.

The fame to Mr. Cook.

Sir,

J Am lorry you are out of order but wifh for your recovery: I

no ways confented to the motion lately made, having a delire

[notwithftanding the levity of my temper] to bear the character of

an honelt man, which I am fure no perfon deferves, can expect,

or will receive from the uncorrupt part of mankind, who voted

for fuch a thing; what you hint at I lliould be glad to fee.

I am Sir, Your Obedient,

April, 1 ft. 1734. Anthony Henley.

Dr. Baker , of St. Johis College , Cambridge , to Mr. CooL

Worthy Sir,

g I N C E the death of bilhop Kennet and bilhop Buniet, to
whom I had great obligations, I have had no intereft. among
the bifhops, unlefs I have any in my lord arch-bilhop of Canter-
bury to whom I have not dared to write this year or two, under
his great weaknefs, It

?/ LETTERS, 697

It fcems you Lave ibme intereft in his Grace and If you think it
worth the while, I am very willing you mould prefent my duty
and fervice to his Grace and let him know yourrequeft fhould have
been mine, but that I did not think it proper to trouble him with
a letter in this weak condition.

To the reft you name I am a perfect ftranger, when I fee my
lord Oxford [who has not been at Cambridge this fummer, beino-
detatn'd firft by the marriage of his daughter, and fince by the fu-
neral of the dutchefs of Albemarle, by whole death he will receive
twenty-thouiand pounds] I (hall remember your plautus M. S.
I am worthy Sir,

Your moil Obed 1 . humble Serve
Sept. 1 6th. 1 734c Tho. Baker.

From the late good BiJJjop Hough of JVorceJhr, to

Mr. Cook.
Sir,

Have your letter of the 1 7th inftant, and think my felf ob-
liged to you ; as for the honour you defign me, I hope your
thoughts will be better employ M, for when I am out of this
world I ihall certainly be unconcerned, tho' it never be remember 'd
that I once was in ; t. I am now almofl at the end of my 89th.
year, and dare not prefume upon a month to come.

I every day look for infirmities, and the Jir/l may very probably
be fatal; but if it pleafes God to continue my life, and that degree
of health which I now am bleifed with, to the time when you
apprehend bufinefs or amufement may bring you near this place,
I defire you will promile yourfelf to be received with fincere
refpect and efteem, by Sfr,

Your very humble Servant,
Hartkbury i 'Jan. 23d, 1740, Jo. Worcefter.

* F f f f f 2 From

698 i COLLECTION

From Dr. Newcome, Dean of Rochefter aWMafter of
St. John's Coll: Cambridge, to Mr, Cook.

Dear Sir,

' Am much obliged to you for the very acceptable prefent yon

was pleafed to fend me ; it contains many ingenuous original

poems and excellent tranflations, after a more exact manner than is

generally obferv'd by fome of our moil: celebrated poets, who arc

more prone to imitate them to tranllate.

Imitation is much more eafy, but a very different thing from
tranflation I love the clofe way bed as reprefenting more faith-
fuilv the iQnih of the authors and better informing fuch as would
write after the manner of the antients.

I prefume you thought me an elector when you recommended
F**** of Trin. Coll. I am not an elector But am concern'd
for one of my own coiledge There are two other candidates in
Trin. Coll. and that Coll. has three electors out of fevenj fo that,
I prefume, they will agree to throw their votes upon one; and
that perfon [whoever he be] can hardly fail of fuccefs; My wife
joins in due refpect to you and yours with Sir,

Your Friend and Servant,
May, 2 1 ft. 1742. J. Newcome.

James Pitt, Efq; to Mr. Cook.

'T* HOUGH my dear Cook ! you are not to expect to hear
from me as often as I delire to hear from you, for the reafon
already given, That you fit at the fountain head of knowledge
and can fend ftreams to us but we return none to you, yet I cant
forbear letting you know how much I mail count myfelf obliged
to you for your general correfpondence, but more particularly
your parliamentary news, Sfc, go on and fend me all you can eve-
ry

/LETTERS. 699

ry way; And, as I am unable to pay you in kind, I will certainly
find fome other way to make my acknowledgements.

Your character of that beaft your neighbour is admirably well
drawn, 'tis a picture almoft to the life; with no learning he pre-
tends to be a fcholar : with a very little compafs of knowledge, he
is ignorant of nothing, with the language and boaft of a man of
courage, a great coward; fori know he moil fubmiffively took a
caning at a coffee-houfe in the city, and was kick'd out of a club
of ingenious men [Wallers and others] at the bull-head near tem-
ple-bar for lying, impudence and other fcandalous brutalities.
Befides all this a fpy and informer. Tho he mention'd me I deiire
you'd never make ufe of my name to him, for I am aihamed to
own, I ever knew him, I afk pardon of God and all good men.

I like your character of your new prodigy at the play-houfe* Ii
I am able to come to town next fpring, as I intend I'll go and fee
him act, and vifit your gardens too at fouth lambeth; I'll come,
and philofophize with fome friends, laugh \\ itli others, buy fome
cloath's, books, glailes and other things fit for an old man [now
almoft 64] flay a month or fix weeks, and then, retire to my
cocntry lodging, where you mall be meft heartily welcome when
the fpirit moves you this way.

I have Colliers great historical dictionary in three volumes : bin
want the appendix, which is a thin folio; If you can find, or
pick it up any where bound or unbound, buy it and fend it by the
waggon. Good night. I hope your cough is gone.

I am with great affection,

Norwich, No-v. 14th. 1742.

Your obliged humble Servt.

J- P.

P. S. Did you ever read that agreeable * odd man, who has

thrown together mod entertaining and delightful fcenes, particu-
larly about the pagan myfteries, the book of Job, &c 3 with a great
many other tracts and obfervaiion which occalion thought,
* W ~ ?

7 oo ^ COLLECTION

7o the fame.

Dear Sir,
yOU are always railing at men in power, prithee be a little more
philofophical, wifdom and experience teach us, that men in
like circumftances are generally the fame. Men in power are not
worfe than men out of power, nor do perfons in public life deferve
harder words than perfons in private life : they both carry on their
deiigns and particular views, by the propereft methods they can
think of, without any great regard to the rectitude or morality
of the means. There are as great R***** at the Exchange as
at the Court end of the Town, and I beleive greater ; for in
proportion as men advance in fenfe, learning, politenefs and a
defire of honour, they advance in virtue too, or at leaft, will fave
appearances better. Gather my foul with gentlemen and philofo-
phers; Odi profanum vulgus et arceo Remember the appendix.

Yours iincerely,
Norwich, March, 26. 1743. J. p.

To Mr. Cook.

Dear Cook,

VVTE need net carry on a difpute on the roguery of men, all I
fay is that I dont believe great men worfe than others. I
have as mean opinion as you of thofe who turn lackies when
they might be princes on their own eftates, I lik'd the fpirit
of your laft letter, and am pleas'd that I could roufe you from
that dead calm which fometimes hangs about you, and make you
paint the follies and vices of the hono?irable and powerful with fo
much dignity and eloquence, go on, and let me hear from you
oftner.

^LETTERS. 701

I thank you for your tranflation of that beautiful paflage
of Horace; The verfion is juft and elegant, but let me try to
mend it.

Inftead of able to Answer all, able to Look on all, and inftead
of that nothing Light without, that nothing Mean without, a
more expreffive word than light, however I fubmit to your judg-
ment.

I (hall be in London about the middle of the next month:

write to me very foon, and let me know every thing public and

private.

I am, dear Sir,

Your obliged Friend and Servt.'

J. P.

From Dr. A. A, Sykes, to Mr. Cook.

Sir, July, 9th. 1748.

T cannot but be forry that you mould fubject yourfelf to any in-
convenience of a profecution from the crown 3 however I own
I know not the caufe nor the ground of the profecution.

As to the book on facrih*ces ; I had never {ocn the fubjeft any
where treated, as I thought it deferv'd and wanted; I therefore
was willing to attempt it, and if I did not fuccced, I hoped it
might excite fomebody of more learning and judgment to coniider
that fubject 1 mould be glad to fee your obfervations j that which
you fcnt me I was aware of 5 but Plautus you know frequently
applys Roman cufloms under his Greek perfonages, as he fuited
the Greek plays to the Roman ftage. Let me obferve that the firil
of the places which I have cited from Plautus for a womans ufing
Hercle feems an interpolation, fince that word is not in the firft
edition, as I haxe been told, and therefore I would give it up. I
have (gqii two editions in which that word is us'd, viz. Gronovius

and

7 02 A COLLECTION

and an old one in 1 6 1 7 which prof efles to follow Haul/man; but
I prefer the nrfh edition on many accounts as far as I can learn the*

readings in it.

In return for your obfervations [whicn I mall expect] permit
me to iend an oblervation I made on your attempt to reform our
Englim language; It relates to the genitive cafe which you take,
to be a contraction of his , and then you conceive it a grofs abfur-
djty; and io it would be, were you right in your notion; The
queens majeftys jpeech, or her majeftys fpeech would be a flrange
foloecifm indeed were her majeftys as her majejiy his\ But in truth
there is no fuch contraction as is imagin'd; It is the ordinary iign
of the genitive cafe in faxon y and from them we have it ; and
therefore as queen is the nominative cafe t queens is the genitive
fee faxon grammar. This remark may be of fome ufe to them
that would understand endiih. I am Sir,

Your humble Servant,

A. A. Sykes.

From the late Rev. Mr. Welter, of Maidftone in Kent y

to Mr. Cook.
S I R,

Gladly lay hold of the opportunity of paying my compliments
to you by my brother, and of returning you my thanks for
the favour of your letter, and for the odes which I read with a
great deal of pleafure.

You have fuccceded happily in a difficult branch of poetry; and
there is only a verfe or two in both poems, ^bout which ) had any
fcruple and which I intended to have hinted to you hf.d lfeen you
when I was lately Tit Lambeth, butl loft the p'-ifureof feeing you
by your beingjd angeroufly ill while I was there ; anid' I heartily felici tate

you

of L E T T E R S. 703

you upon your happy recovery, fo fignal a deliverance and fo great
a bleffing, will I know infpire you with fentiments of gratitude
to God the author of them. That you may long enjoy that health
with which God has blefs'd you, is, good Sir, the fincere prayer

of,

Your moil: affectionate humble Scrv*.

Sundrich, Oct. 3d. 1750. Samuel Weller.

From the Rev. Dr. Richard Newton late canon ofC/jrif-
Church and principal of Hertford College^ Oxford^
to Mr. Cook,

Sir,
T N the utmoft hurry I thank you for your kind congratulations
and good willies. I am packing up in order to go for Oxford to
morrow morning, and after three days fray there to Landen Grange

near Olney in Bucks. No need of a bifioprick of durhani all

ecclefiaftical revenues are truft eftates. A canonry at Chrifl-
Church is more than I have yet determined what to do with .
I am, Sir,

Your faithful humble Servt.

R. Newton.

P. S. Mr. Ekins's, 1 753. a happy new-year to you and yours.

From the Rev'd Mr. Creffield, Fellow of Magdalen

College Oxford, to Mr. Cook.
Dear Sir,

r T was lo long before I received an anfwer to a letter which I

had wrote to Mr. Swanne, that I imagined he was detained by

fomc extraordinary buunefs in the country, which indeed wis the

Cafe, As foon as I was fatisried that he was in college [which I

* G g g g was

7 04 i COLLECTION

was not before faturday lail] I immediately wrote to him defiring
that he would difpatch that little affair, which I would mofl readily
have done myfelf for you had I been at Oxford, I thought it ne-
ceiTary to enclofe the bifhops letter, which I beg'd him to return to
you with the book.

The bifhop of Cloyne went off it feems without Co much as a
groan or figh, or the leafl difcompofure of his countenance. He
died as I think every good man might wifli to die, fleeping. The
principal of Hertford college had entered into a. moil intimate
friendfhip with him ; and told Mr. Swanne that the death of that
worthy Man, was the greateil lofs he had had for fome years, add-
ing that if any man ever faid the very thing he meant, and meant
always what was perfectly good and virtuous, it was the bifhop
of Cloyne. I. beg you to prefent my belt refpecls and fervice tc
the Mr. Daivfons and your family, and to believe me

Your fincere,

and moil humble Servant,
Cbappei, March, 20th. 1753.

Edward CfefHekL,
My Father defires his fervice to you.

From T. P. to Mr. Cook.

T Have read over the powers of eloquence two or three times and
every time with more pleafure ; for 'tis not only well imagined

and expreffed, but, ftrong well-bottom'd fenfe, and tho' Mr. *

Murray deferves your praife better than any man in England,

yet he is obliged to you,

The thoughts I have defign'd for the public, are wrote over fair,

ana are perfect as far as they are. carried. If I die. before, they are

* The prefent Attorney General.

fihim'd

of LETTERS. 705

finim'd I have left 'em to you as a legacy, Many of the parts are
entirely new; the origin of evil accounted for; and a demonflrati-
on that the world could not be better made, even by omnipotence
itfelf I mould be glad to fee you ; and am,

Jan, 24th. 1755.

Your affectionate humble Servs

J. P.

From the Rev. Mr. Swanne, Fellow of Magdalen
College Oxford. to Mr. Cook.

Have received a frefh inftance of your obliging civility, for

which I heartily wiih I could make you fome better return, than
that of my acknowledgments.

I dare fay you'll never fubject yourfelf to any difadvantages ari-
fing from a juft and fair adminiitration of our laws ; but if the mif-
application of 'em fhou'd ever affect you, you have as jufl a claim.
to a mod powerful advocate, as Archias had to the affiftance of
Tully, or as Catullus had, who, I think, has acknowledged the
fame patronage in a lhort, but very pretty compliment.

Our friend the late principal of Hertford's book has certainly
that recommendation which you mention; but I was in hopes he
wou'd have enter'd more into the nature of things, and the fpring
of human action; and fo much the rather, as he was generally
thought to be defective in that branch of knowledge, But as it
has been often faid of a polite-fcholar, contemnebat fotius lit eras
quam vcfeiebaf.So I am well allured that Dr. Newton was tho-
roughly acquainted with the world; and the only thing that made
him fufpected of the contrary was, that he had too much good
fenfe and honefly to conform to the notions of the wont part of it,

* G g Z Z g 2 r

7 o6 ^COLLECTION

6r even of that part which in appearance may be very worthy and
Tefpectable.

I had lately a melancholy kind of letter from Mr. Creffield $l\\\
in Effexy where the illnefs of his father and mother and other do-
medic concerns, feem quite to have deprefs'd his fpirits yet I won-
der that thefe circumftances fhou'd prevent his keeping up a corref-
pondence with you, fmce they muft naturally recall to his mind a
perfon whofe converfation, as he has often told me, ferved in great
meafure to dilpell the gloominefs of fueh another melancholy win-
ter in that country. I am,

Dear Sir your affectionate and

obliged humble Serv*.

G. Swanne,

Magdalen College, Feb. the ziil 1755.

To Mifs -going to throw herfelf away in Marriage,

Dear Mifs,
YVT HEN I went out of town, I mightily enjoy'd the flying
report of your going to be married, but cou'd not learn the
happy man that had gain'd your affections, however I had the
ftrongeft opinion of your prudence, becaufe you had given me fuch
frequent demonflration of your good underftanding. It may be faid
indeed that marriage is a trap which the wifeft fall into, and that
the greateft fools have fet it with fuccefs, yet ftill I thought you
cou'd not ealily be deceived, nor would grant your agreeable felf
to any one for fo long a term as life without a very valuable confi-
deration.

^LETTERS. 707

In a certain age and perticular caft of mind, girls are frequently
as a blind as their wanton Deity is painted, and their breajis being
in the prefentfajhion on purpoie as it were expofed to his dart, it is
on wonder to fee them ftruck at his pleafure, and that unconfider'd
and diiproportion'd marriages are fo perceivable and fo lamented in
the world, but with fuch a judgment as you are able to form of
men and their arts, if there fliou'd not be difcretion it wou'd be a
melancholy miracle that wou'd give me great furprife and uneaiinefs
fuch a miftake as fome people wou'd perfwade me yu are going
to make, wou'd prove that love is dimlighted indeed a defpifer of
reafon, and make one pray againft the influence of that paflion
more than againft the reign of the greateft Tyrant.

I cannot in fhort hear the particulars of your intended match
without infinite concern, nor fee my friend upon the brink of fuch
a precipice without that alarm of mind which neither my tongue
nor pen can fufficiently exprefs. A certain perfon went fo far as
to tell me (Tie fiw your wedding deaths trying on by the mantua
woman, upon which I cou'd not help conveying to myfelf the
melancholy idea of my friends being in her execution habit pre-
paring for a facriflce, and the altar ready for the unhappy and
inconfiderate tho' innocent victim; your good f^nfe and youricif are
the general concern and topick of converfation, and 'tis generally
concluded that both muft be loft in this monftrous adventure.

You are not arrived at an age to defpair, and the neceftity which
years and wrinkles may lay a poor woman under, to accept of any
propofals is an evil from which you are at a great diftance; your
elafs will clear me of flattery in faying you have beauty and
bloom to attract a man of the greateft birth, fortune and perfpicu-
itv, and the regiftry of that parifTi which hath been honoured with
vour birth will prove, to your own conviction, in this affair how
fir you are from your laft prayers. As to the creature with whom
the i-j\i'/i and news papers join you, I think he has no refemblance

7 o8 ^COLLECTION,

in life, but Garrick in the character of Fribble, with this fatal and
remarkable difference, that in one the part is acted by a man of fenfe
and that the other is realiy what he appears to be. As youno- as
I have hinted you to be, I think you are too old to play with fuch a
baby. Let not, my dear the moil ridiculous of human animals
boafl of a conquefl which the greater! prince might be proud of, O
think if the creature fhou'd have humours, and like our friend Mrs

JJ- 's little pompey be marling and fnappifh, how unpityed wou'd

you be in fuch a circumflance, obliged to take up lady 's

courage and refolution in a parallel diitrefs, and always have a little
flick ready to beat fuch a hufband into any tolerable behaviour.

It feems you are very fond of the family which has unhappily
and indeed miraculouily produced him, and talk of his fathers
good fenfe and judgment as if they were entaii'd on this his fon,
or rather his daughter in breeches ; whereas nature you know has
cut off that entail, and thrown him out of fuch a a valuable inhe-
ritance. I mud confefs indeed it is fome proof of your affection
for the family that you are fo defirous to take a fool out of it, but
I hone you'll follow the advice of your friends, confider confe-
quences, and Tend your puppet of a lover into Africa to court apes
and monkeys. O think if you fliou'd outlive him and be a young
widow, whether ever you can expect to know the real pleafure and
comfort of marriage; for every one wou'd defpife even good fenfe
like yours which has been once fo proftituted, and even beauty
which has been made the toy for fuch a child to play with. If you
can thus give yourfelf away I fnall think you weary of the world,
and that like Hamlet you hold not your life at a pins fee, if you
can thinker fpending it with fuch a fatire upon manhood. In the
lottery of marriage, if you draw a man of fenfe it is a certain prize
but a fool \vi\\ prove a blank, tho' ten thou/and pounds are engraved
on the ticket. If this letter fliou'd have no effect and notwith-
itanding all thefe remonitrances you fliou'd marry this minour

(/LETTERS, 709

of drefs and perfume; and if in the honeymoon of love you
fhou'd fhew your deary this epiftle, as is very commonly done,
1 mall expect a banifhment from your houfe and acquaintance
for the ihort time of your cohabitation; but in two months at
furthefl after your nuptials, I may hope for an invitation to my
forrowful and repenting friend; and then, tho' I may perhaps at
firil be divided between laughing at your folly and pitying your
misfortune, yet, upon the whole, friendiliip will refumeits place,
and I mall think your then ladyjhip in tears and publick contempt,
fuch an aftecling object of diftrefs, as to adminilter all the comfort
and fervice, in the power of Dear Mifs,

Your plain dealing; but,

Affectionate Friend,
Tanbridge-lVclls,. A. B.

To the Memory of
Mat. Concanen^ Efq; late Attorney General of Jamaica,

P Riendfhip began in unexperiene'd Youth,

In Honour founded, and fecur'd by Truth,
In diflant Climes, and various Fortunes try'd,
Xot Death, the grand Deftroyer, can divide:
True to thine honeft Fame, which long mail live,
This laft juft Tribute, to thy worth I give.

A Humour pleafmg, and a Wit refin'd,.

Knowledge, and Judgment clear, enrich'd your Mind;

In you, to full Perfection met the Pow'rs,

Which fweeten, and adorn, the focial Hours;

In iwy's llow'ry Gardens when you ftray'd,

It" you 'invok'd the Mufe, me gave her aid:

Nor, covetous, nor negligent, of Fame,

Vou've gain'd a fair, deterv'd a lulling Name.

to To

7 io i COLLECTION

To The Right Rev. Benjamin Lord Bifhop of Win-
chejler^ on his Collection of Sermons published in
in the Year, 1754.

T N early Days of Manhood you began,

To prove yourfelf th' impartial Friend of Man ;
With reafon arm'd, you broke the Tyrant's Rod,
And fhew'd that freedom's Foes were Foes to God :
You from our civil Right expel'd the Storm,
And drew Religion in an Angel's form :
Gladly we fee the fame Purfuits engage,
Thine active Soul in thy declining Age :
Proceed, as you began, the Friend of Truth,
The Comfort of the Old, and guide of Youth.
In thy rewards contented lhall thou reft,
Blefs'd in thy labours, in thine Offspring blefs'd ;
Yet, farther yet, throw thy difcerning Eye,
And fee thy Lot beneath a purer Sky ;
Where doubts no more the reftlefs Mind employ,
Where all is Health, and Harmony, and Joy.

^LETTERS. 7II

An ODE, to * Matter Stone, not a Day old.

H A P P Y Infant of a Day,

Safe from ev'ry flatt'ring Lay,
'E're thou yet halt feen the Sky,
Where thy luteft Glorys lye,
'E're thou halt arriy'd at Noon,
Take the Mufe's early Boon.

Millions unregarded pafs,
As beneath the Scythe the Grafs,
For of Millions, from their Birth,
Few are little more than Earth.
As thy future Days encreafe,
'E're thou know'ft the Stores of Greece,
Or half hear'd the Roman Lyre,
All familiar to thy Sire,
May 'ft thou lifp this faithful Lay,
Which to thee and Truth I pay.

Thro' thy young and fportiye Hours,
May 'ft thou bloom like vernal Flow'rs,
Which no fudden Blights, or Storm,
Ever fhrivel or deform:
Never may thy fpritely Years,
Fill thy Mother's Eyes with Tears 3
But may all thy joyful Days
Win thy Father's Love and Praife :
Then a Bard, as yet unborn,
May thy Name and Worth adorn,
While the Poet of thy Spring,
Form'd by Nature now to ling,
Sleeps with Worms beneath the Ground,
And with Kings whom Death uncrown'd.

* H h h h h An

* Son of Andrew Sam, Efqj Member of Parliament for tiajling in Sufis,

7 i2 ^ COLLECTION

To the Memory of the Right Hon. Henry Pelham^ Efq;

VfJ HEN Death at random throws his ebon Dart,

He wounds a Friend's, perhaps a Lover's heart,
This Day unweep'd a flothful Prelate fell,
The Mitre fits another's Brow as well;
Commons and Nobles undiftinguiih'd fall ;
And unconcern'd their Heirs fucceed them all ;
But, when the Fury lays a Pelham low,
A Nation weeps, a Nation feels the Blow.

To the Right Honourable John Earl of JVeftmor eland y
On his return from France^ in the Year, 1752.

n^ O foreign Climes, illuftrious Fa#e, you roan,

In fearch of Health you could not gain at Home ;
Yet, gen'rous man, thou no Relief could'll find
For the Diforder of (by troubled Mind,
Again return'd to thv lov'd native Shore,
Le: ftate afflictions rack thine Heart no more:
Hail Patriot true! Long on the Kcntijh Flairs,
On thy Paternal Lands where Plenty reigns,
With thy lov'd Confort may'ft thou live, poffefs'd,
Of the fair Cherub Health, compleatly befs'd.
Like the great Cenfor in the Sabine Ground
Enjoy thy Lot, in Quietude renown'd,
While the juil mufe, true to thy virtuous Fame,
Shall to thy Countrymen proclaim thy Name.

^LETTER. 713

To a Young Lady on dropping her Glove.

To ?ny ever charming Mi/lrefs,

p Erhaps you think you have reafon to accufe me with neglecfl
for not taking more care of the glove that was committed
to my Charge, But I beg you would fufpend your cenfures
for a fingle Moment. I affure you I have always with the
utmoft Diligence attended to the Bufmefs of my Office, and
the inftant that you dropt the above mention'd, I obferv'd the
accident, and hinted it to my filler Sylph who prefides with
equal Fidelity over the glove of your left Hand. She perfua-
ded me not to give you any alarm of what had happened ; but
{ as ev'ry little Incident gives you an opportunity of difplaying
fome inexpremble Grace) She was deiirous of feeing how char-
mingly you would become the perplexity which your lofs would
occafion. I had a further Reafon for liiming to hcrpropofal-
for I forefaw that " before the Ev'ning (hades had clos'd the
Day", you would meet a gentle Shepherd who takes no com-
mon Pleafure in contemplating your Hand and Arm, which is
infinitely more white and delicate, than the curious Texture
of that Covering which occasionally conceals it. I was willing
to indulge him tho' at your expence, and I knew you had
more good-nature than to relent it. Our fcheme anfwer'd in
ev'ry refpect ; for never lure was there a more agreeable Anx-
iety than that winch you exprefs'd when you difcovered the
pretty Fugitive's elopement, nor was there ever a more ple.il-
ino- admiration than that which the Shepherd felt, when

7 i+ A COLLECTION of LETTERS.

he beheld that collection of Beauties unveil'd, which too gene-
rally lay hid beneath the well glaz'd milk-white Veftment,
which I have the Honour to fuperintend. I fee it's difconfo-
hite Partner is laid by as ufelefsj but by my invifible Con-
veyance its other half is now replaced upon your Toilet, and as
loon as you pleafe, may refume it's agreeable Employment
when I fhall with great Duty and Obfervance preiide over it
and be ftudious at all Times to approve myfelf Your

Moft diligent

andfaithfull Sylph

Manilla.

An Anfwer to the above Letter.

Dear Sylph,
VOU always pleafe me when you fatter ,

Tho' now you very idly chatter :
I drop^my Glove it's true, what then ?
Such things are private Hints to Men j
And amongfr. other female Arts,
We drop our Gloves, to pick up Hearts,
Like Champions whom Poet's ring,
I threw my Gauntlet, in the Ring :
Nor can the Girl deferve rebuke,
That Challenge J and gains a Duke.

The End of the Second Part,

^COLLECTION 377

Some Chit -Chat in a Stage-Coach, between a young
Scholar and a young Lady, both well known,

C. ]\/f ADAM, Your humble Servant, I'm glad of your
-*--* good Company ; a Fellow-Traveller of your Fafhion,
will make me Amends for my Five Miles Penance.

M. T. Sir, I believe your Penance will continue, for Women ge-
nerally help to make your Sex uneafy, at lead if we may believe you.

C. Why Madam, that's as they are ; but my deaf and dumb
Neighbour would make a much better Wife than a Companion.

M. T. Then you think they can't be found in one. God help our
Sex ! fince the Generality of Mankind have fuch an Opinion ot us ;
it is in vain for us to hope for one that's a Hufband and Friend.

C. Madam, Education fits Mankind for Friendship, your foft
Sex is defigned for Love.

M. ST. O wretched State ! If Love and Friendfhip are not fo united
both in Man and Woman, as never to be parted. But Sir, I never
experienced either, Love has not yet reached me, I frankly own -,
nor have I ever found fuch a Treafure as a Friend, but in my Rela
tions : yet I mould be glad to be informed what Sort of an Educa-
tion that is, which fits your Sex for fo noble a Thing as Friendfhip
is defcribed to be, in the few Books I have read.

C. Why Madam, Do you ever read ?

M. T. Sir, it's to be fuppofed I don't always fay my Prayers with-
out Book

C. But I mean, Madam, for Improvement of the Mind.

M. T. That I can't tell ; What if only for Amufement and Di-
verfion ? x

C. O Madam, That indeed beft becomes your lovely Sex, and
moil lovely Self, the reft mould be left to us.

M. T'. G barbarous ! This is like J idlan the Apoftate , you'd ufe
the Women as bad as he did the Chriflians, and deprive them ot

the Advantages of Learning.

* N n n C. Lord

378 of LETTERS.

C. Lord Madam, you are verfed in Antiquity! Do you under-
hand Latin ?

M. T. Really no, Sir, I have not that Happinefs.

C. It is indeed a Happinefs which I often pity you Women have
not for your Improvement.

M. T. Does it make one wittier or wifer ?

C. O yes, by knowing the ancient Poets, Orators, and Philofophers.

M. T. Sir, That's their Wit and Wifdom you read, and not your's >
but we have it in their tranflated Books. Muft their Senfe always
go along with their Language ?

C. Ever Madam, the Spring-head, the Fountain is only to be
valued, and thofe who imbibe from thence.

M. e T. Then there never was a witty or a wife Man, or one to be
valued, but who underftood Latin or Greek ?

C. Very true, the others are but a Sort of fuperficial Fellows,
that only take Things upon Truft.

M. T. Sir, with Submiflion, to pafs away half an Hour of this ill
Weather, I'll difcourfe this Matter a little ; but I've one Favour to afk.

C. Any Madam, you may command me intirely. But what ?

M. T. That is, that you'll keep your Temper j for I have heard
a noble Friend of my Father's fay, that he never met with learned
Latin and Greek Scholars, that ever could have Patience when their
venerable Antiquity, Latin and Greek Languages were attacked.

C. Then he was an illiterate Wretch, and underftood them not ',
How elle durft he attempt fuch impudent Nonfenfe ?

M. T. Look you, Sir, how true a Prophet am I ? You fee you
are not Proof againft it. Your Darlings and Favourites are no more
ro be touched, than a fubftantial Merchant's Credit, or a Soldier's
Point of Honour.

C. Ha, ha, ha ! Madam, you've caught me, I own ; but it is
what hitherto I am a Stranger to. I humbly beg your Pardon, you
'nave free Liberty to fcoundrel the moft venerable Homer, Arijlotle,
Virgil and Horace, and fcout the Sacred Languages down to the De-
gree of the clucking of the Cape of Good Hope, Hottentots^ or Gip-

fies

^COLLECTION 379

fies Cant ; and ufe the Teachers and Readers of the ancient Sage?,
as fcurvily and unmercifully as ---

M. T. A witty does a mere Scholar. But Sir, this Gentleman I
mentioned, was both the Ornament, and a happy Inftru merit of the
State, a brave Soldier, a wife Senator, fpeakingand writing three or
four Languages of Europe, a Traveller, and moil ufeful Mathematician.

C. What ! and not underftand Euclid ?

M. T. Again Sir ? May he not underftand the Nature of a Circle
or a Triangle, and employ them to the Benefit of Mankind, with-
out the very Words and Language of Euclid; he was in Years
when I faw him, and I not Ten Years of Age, and yet fo univer-
fal, pleafant, and agreeable a Man, that we Children admired him
as much as our Parents.

C. This is a finsde Inftance.

M. T. That's enough to make it poflible ; but had you converfed
with the World half fo much as your Authors, you'd find
Numbers in the Glory and Prop of our Nation, Navigation, and
in the Revenues, Privy Council, Army, Engineers, &V. The French
King did not fetch Turenne or Luxemburgh from the College -, Nor
are his Forts, his Havens, and mighty Works built by Schoolmaf--
ters, Horace- mongers, or Hcmerians, and our noble and wonderful
Sir Walter Rawleigb went young into the World, and owed mod of
the great Knowledge he had of Greek and Latin, to his barbarous
LTage and Prifon ; his gallant Actions, he performed without it.

C. You are an Hiftorian too ! and give admirable Inilanccs :
Surely Madam, you muft have read much.

M. c f. No truly, Sir, and never one Line of Latin.

C. But Madam, How came the Gentleman you mentioned, (who
by your ingenious Defcription, muft be a Great Man) to be deftitute
of the learned Languages ?

M. T. As my Father told me, 'twas becaufe he was bred under an
impudent, ill-natured Kafcalof a Schoolm after, one fo much a Clown
himfelf,he either could not find out, or hated the Gentleman in another.

C, Madam, Scholars are not bred without Manners,

M> f, Where

3 8o ^/ LETTERS.

M. T. Where ihou'd they learn them ? Among lying orchard-
robbing Boys, or by Smoaking and Aie- bibbing, or Capping in a
Quadrangle : Bit tins Latin I'brajher, fo fco urged and buffered
Learning into him, that the Sound of Latin was as terrible to him
as Turkijh and Araiic is to a Spaniji Sea-Coaft Village at Midnight,
t hen a fma'l Fleet or' Moors* with their Mufquets, Scymitars, and
Shackles furprize it. He hated a Roman as much as ever a Rufs,
or p dander did a Tartar.

C. Smartly exprefs'd, but Madam, the Romans were the wor-
thieft and nobleit People in the Univerfe.

M. T. Yes, witnefs their Gladiators, and beaflly dealing with
their beii Prifoners of War. Not all the united Crimes of thole
Nations they call'd barbarous, ever came up to it. But, Sir, I llian't
difparage your Friends, whofe Virtues you find in their own Poets ;
and the Christian Apologifts, Minutius F<elix, Tertullian, Arnobius,
&c. for they arc in French. This Gentleman ufed to fay, The Cry
of Fire in a Ship, of Surprize and Slaughter in a Beat-up Quarter,
which he afterwards experiene'd, made not that difmal Impreilion
on him, as the Grammar Rules when rattled over him by this evil
Genius of Spit axis.

C. Madam, "tis impofllble to learn a Language without Rules
and Grammar, and our Method of teaching them.

M. T. Flis general ExprerTion was (how true I know not) That
ins wretched Mailer wou'd have kept him feven Years, to learn to
make Files, Axes, Hatchets, Saws, Plains, and Hammers, to do
but a Work of two Years, when he might have had all his Tools
made to his Flands. I guefs'd at his Meaning, and imagine a Lan-
guage was made before Grammar, that does but poliili the Work,
and often fpoil it. Pray Sir, how long was you at School ?

C Nine Years, Madam !

M. T. And were not you fcourged and beaten ?

C. O immoderately ! Madam.

M. T- . V. hat did you learn in that Time ?

C. Latin and Greek, and to write a pretty fcurvy Scholar's Hand.

M. T.

^LETTERS. 381

M. t. I fuppofe you fpeak them accurately well.

C. O Madam, that's not ufual, we don't fpeak them , that's but
a Cuftom of fome Foreigners ; perhaps, by Practice with them, I
cou'd be brought to fpeak them; though not fo readily, yet in a
more accurate Phrafe. But we pretend to write and underftand an
Author.

M. T. Then for fpeaking, you are to go to School again, I per-
ceive. But had you Arithmetick and Geography ?

C. That Madam, I learned fince.

M. T. Sir, I beg you'd pardon me the Impertinence of fome
Queitions.

C. Your Ingenuity and Goodnefs commands me, Madam.

M. T. Can you fpeak, read, and tolerably write French ?

C. Madam, I have eight Months fince, by the Help of Gram-
mar, Dictionary, and a French Refugee, began to learn it, and can
pick out the Meaning of an eafy Author ; but I can't pretend in a
Year or two to hope to fpeak or write it.

M. T. Can you Defign, or Paint, and Japan, or Diftil ?

C. One requires a Genius for it, and Practice, and a good Mailer;
and the other I may know when I go through a Courfe of Chy-
miftry.

M. 1. Can you Sew, Knit, Spin, Embroider, make Lace and
Fringe; Silk and Wax-work; Dance, Sing, play on the Karpfi-
chord, raiie Pafte, Preferve !

C. Heavens! Madam, thefe are Womens Work.

M. T. Yet all thefe, I may, without Vanity, fay, in lefs than
four Years, I learned, and never was once fcourged , and that you
may not expect any extraordinay Genius ; a dozen more Girls learn-
ed almoft the fame, and as wed. With almoft any two of thefe,
weii apply'd to, I could gain an honeft Livelihood in moft Pan
AX-.'. , Scotland, Ireland, or the Plantations ; where it is probable
the Lot oi a Native of England may fall ; with French, I am a
Stranger in almoft no Part of Europe; Sir, pray ' niM yrv, : ta-
ken a Slave by an Algeritie, or a Sallee-Man, who have not the Fear

*Ouq and

382 ^COLLECTION

and Reverence of Lathi, Greek., and their Authors before their Eyes,
could you do to five yourfelf from drubbing ?

C. Work and Dig if I had Limbs.

M. T. That a Negrce could do as well, who had never been at
School nine Years, to learn Homer, Virgil, Horace, and Terence.
Suppofe it mould happen (for to as eafy bred, and as well born as
you it has) would you not willingly part with fome of your Meta-
phyficks, Logic, old Philofophy, or Latin Poetry, to be able to
make a Horfhoe, a Saddle, or a pair of Boots, to help to gain your
Liberty or your Eafe ? And yet thefe are learnt to Perfection in half
the Time, and with half the Expence.

C. Madam, you have almofl confounded me , but our Learning
is for Ornament, and to improve our Souls in Thought and Con-
templation.

M. T. We live in England, and fpeak Englijh , and I think
Milton, Dry den, and Cowley, are as good Garniture for a Difcourfe
as your Latin Poets, if Ornament be your End ; and a few Divi-
nity and moral Books, may be better fitted for Reflections on a fu-
ture State, and our prefent Being, than by either Tully or Seneca,
they fpoke and thought well -, and we (improved by Divine Revela-
tion; fpeak and think much better. But Sir, mould you chance not
to get a Parfonage, cr not take to Phyfick, or the Civil Law,
what would you do with your Learning, even in England ?

C. Get a Curacy, or teach a School, or be a Tutor to fome
Gentleman's Son.

M. T. What might that gain you in a Year ?

C. Perhaps Forty, Fifty, or Sixty Pounds.

M. T. What might your Father beftow on you a Year in order to
your Learning ?

C. Madam, at the School for the nine Years, from twelve to
twenty Pounds a Year; and at the Univefity, from twenty to forty.

XL T. A hard Return for fuch Time and Expence ! A good

V, orkman of a Smith in our Neighbourhood, is not thirty Years of

'. lias got Eighty Pounds per Annum Land, a Sadler Fifty, a

Tanner

^/LETTERS. 383

Tanner Two Hundred, two Mailers of Ship?, one a JVcjl Indian,
the other a Baltick Trader, are worth each Fifiec n 1 [undrcd Pounds
Ail thefe, I've been told, fet out at the fame Time with my Bro-
ther, bred like you ; but their Parents had the Grace to take them
from uncharitable Learning, and he with his Authors is not like to
improve his moderate Eftate a Penny, unlefs the Government will
be pleafed to give him a Sort of a Gentleman's Sine Que, called a
Place.

C. Your Air and Face, Madam, made at firft an extraordinary
Impreftion upon my Heart; but now your Wit and good Senfe,
your bright Soul has quite enchanted me.

M. T. There it is, we can't difpleafe in Difcourfe, but all our Sex
are latyriz'd for our Sakes ; and if we chance to pleafe, then Love
is thrown about at our Pleads, as fome do Greek and Latin for want
of real Knowledg.

C. Faith Madam, its a Sign I have a real Value for you, to Ft-
teem you for making me an Afs, and mewing Ive been bred, and
fpent my Time like a Fool.

M. T. Well Sir, it's granted, I accept what you call your F.fteem
and Love.

C. Millions of BleiTmgs and Ten Thoufand Joys !

M. T. Hold no Raptures, for I have no Fortune,

C. Yourfelf alone is Heaven and all

M. T. Which will not buy me a Twelve-penny Su;;T Mantua,
you a pair of Shoes, or our Children Bread and Milk.

C. To gain fuch a Felicity, What would I not attempt ! What:
rnu-1 ! be to gain you !

M. '. A Ship-Carpenter.

C. 1 Lrav'ns ! That's ib foreign to my Education, that I mull be-
gin the \\ orki a-new.

M. T. c o vou mult to be any thing to purpofe, but that will al-
ways be of I in England; there if you excel, you'll gain an Ef-
tate, Reputa ., and the Comfort of being ufeful ; and a Satis-
faction arifh.g nun ail thefe, will go beyond the empty, ridiculous
Pride of the moit tow 'ring'Pedant.

C You

3 8+ ^COLLECTION

C. You might infpire me!

M. T> Hold have a Care I am afraid you're infected.

C. On my Soul, Madam, I'm found and wholefome, and

71/ T. With Poetry I mean, that Word feems to be a Symptom.
Have you no: loft Time enough with Latin Fuftian ?

C. Vr^ you not fenfible of the Power of Numbers, noble Ex-
preflion, arid well imaged Truth ? I heard you praife Milton, Cozv-
/;, and Dry den.

s.f. 7, Yes, I love it, and have been told our Language is as pro-
??< for it, as the moll boaftcd of Old : So I love Mufick extreamly,
but I would not marry a Fidler.

C. To obtain you, Madam, that you might 'be the Reward oi
: nv Labours, I would ftudy

If. T. Till you had made yourfelf very dull. Take Care of that,
obferve and read Mankind and yourfelf; he that encumbers himfelf
up with other Folks Stuff, has hardly Room for his own, but what
Inlblcnce I am upon, to inftruct a Man of Education.

C. I vvlfo ibmebody with their well turned Thoughts had inflrudt-
cd my Parents, who were ambitions to make me a Scholar, and knew
not what it was, or what good for. But Madam, iince you are
: fo far as to lay Things before me in a Light I am infinitely
^leafed with, and what I kn:v; not before ; for Heaven's Sake con-
tinue, pray tell me what you'd advife me to?

M. T. 1 ou fee I have had a fair Field of Ridicule, had you been
lull of yourfelf, but fince you are fo good-natured as to accept of
a Mijfiohi'rre in Petticoats, of twenty-one, (for Sir, I'll as frankly
my Standing, as you your Degree,) I'll advife you the bell I
caii, with what I can recollect from excellent Men and Women ; for
I ha-, e, thank God, converged with much better and wilcr than myfelf.
Firfi, Sir, as I am a Chriuian, I mull enforce the Virtues that be-
long to Ciui: : iity, among the r^fl lumility ; you have had a Hint
Low litiie . .... e to depend upon and advance yourfelf. Dei-

no Man ',-., Ww.t of Quicknefs of Parts, Repartee, or any
. ! '!:i , oi the huhioiubk A'aggery of the Place you are bred in.

C. What

^/LETTERS. 385

C. What if my Genius foar above another's, Mull the dull Ani-
mal have the Preference ?

M. T. I fay that's no Confequence ; but have a Care while you
are making Verfes and quaint Epigrams, he does not grow up to be
a Man of Note and Ufe, while you make Epigrams and Verfes ftill.
Next have a Care of Envy joined with Haughtinefs, confine not
Perfection to one Set of Men, or their particular Way of Educa-
tion ; it's abfurd and ill-natured, as the Papifts with their Pale of
their Church. You fee how ufelefs the moil of your gaudy Trap-
pings are.

C. Plow muft I live in the World ?

M. T. By living in the World, and like one of it , and as it is
prefumed you are ibberly bred, be fo. Let not the naufeous por -
terly Trick of fmoaking, over-run you ; your noble Places are ac
cufed of having it learnt there.

C. I think it for my Health, I cannot leave it.

M. T. Confult an experienced and unbiafled Phyfician, he'll con-
vince you of the contrary-, and it for Phyfick taken as a Vomit,
fhould be taken in its proper Time and Place. Endeavour to con-
verfe and be acquainted with Men of Bufinefs, among them you'll
find Converfation may be maintained without the Bottle and Glais
being the effential Part of the Company.

C A chearful Glafs with Moderation

M. T. Is an Excufe for frequent and naufeous bibbing. Mule a
Man of Letters and Ingenuity be like a dry Pump, nothing to be
got out of him till you pour Liquor into him : Were I one of you,
I'd fcorn the Brifknefs of my Wit and Mirth mould be owing to a-
ny Thing, but the Livelineis of my own Imagination.

C. No doubt fome dull, unconverfable Fellows, introduced the
Cuftom.

M. 7. Yes, perhaps our Neighbours, who have left it, and wc
have kept and improved it. Why fhould a Man of Quality and Bu-
finefs think going to a Tavern a Scandal, and you that think your-
felf us virtuous, and more learned, practife it ? They feem to leave

* P p p it

386 ^COLLECTION

it to the Mob of a higher Rank, I would fcorn to be reckoned one
of the Number.

C. Open-hearted Friendfhip, and hofpitable Entertainment, were
the firft Occafion of this good Fellowlhip, and I am afhamed when
I reflect how it's kept up by Clowns, or better born People as boor-
iih. Madam, you are in the right, and even the Beginnings of it
mould be carefully avoided.

M. T. To parallel in our own Sex, that Liberty and Gaiety of
Converfation, the French call Coquetry, has nothing really criminal
in it at firft, though it intrenches upon Maiden Decency (at lean: fo
it leems to us) but when continued, it often leads to Crimes, but
certainly to Scandal.

C. Madam, may I beg to know who I am obliged to for this in-
ftrufting and delightful Converfation ?

M. T. Sir, I am as willing to let you and all the World know

who I am, as you can be to know. My Father, Colonel T

had a handfome Gentleman's Eftate, which he ruined with his Loy-
alty in the Civil Wars, in which he was a confiderable Officer-, the
Remains of which maintains my Brother in an idle Scholar's Life.
My Mothr.r died, and left my Sifter and I very young. A Noble
Lady bellowed a good Education upon us, and took us home to
her ; whence my Sifter married to an honeft, induftrious Citizen ;
God has bleffed them with a competent Eftate, ftill encreafing. She
it was brought me to the Coach, from a little pretty Seat they have
purchafed. I am in the fame Noble Family ftill, relpecled as I'd
wim ; and am, I thank God, fecured hereafter from the Injuries of
the World, and Want, in a moderate, humble, fmgle Life, by a
bountiful, lettled Annuity. If ever I change my Condition, it
mull be to a Man of fome Wealth, and, 1 hope, Good Humour,
elfe my fmall Maintenance will not iupport us.

C. Madam, Pvlay I hope for the Continuance of your Friendfhip,
(I dare name no more till I am worthy of more) and the Favour of
an Vnfwer, if I mould beg your Advice, in Order to Improvement,
when Opportunity offers.

M 5T. With

^/LETTERS. 387

M T. With all my Heart, and the Afilftance of any of my
Acquaintance to ferve you. But Sir, the fame Queftion I muft afk

C. My Father was younger Brother to Sir Harry C , and by

my Mother, who lived but fix Years, had my elder Brother and
myfelf. Me fpent his Days in Drinking and Hunting, but howe-
ver, he rather increafed than diminifhed his paternal Eftate of 250/-
a Year. He died fix Years fince, and left it my Brother, and me
an Annuity of 40 /. and a good Study of Books of my Grandfa-
ther's. My Brother has taken to grazing, and is very fuccefsful ;
and they that know his Concerns better than I, fay he'll make a great
Eftate , he is unmarried, morofe and clofe-fifted to all the World,
but myfelf. Indeed, I never difobliged him, and we always loved
one another. He generally encreafes my Annuity to 60 /. His Quar-
rel to me, is like your Reflections, for Book Idlenefs, as he calls it.
I am of no Foundation, and therefore muft get into the World the
fooner, and my Brother fays he will affift me, but Patrons I know
none, mould I take Orders.

M. T. By no Means, enter not into that Sacred Function with-
out a Call in all Senfes.

C. If Madam, your Soul (that has kindled me) can enliven me
to be considerable in the World, and deferve your further Favour,
I then will wait on you -, and if in the mean Time, fome other Man
is to be made happier, I beg to have Notice of it.

M. T. That I promife you. I think we have chatted to our
Journeys End. Sir,

Tour Servant.

A POEM

-88

^COLLECTION

J POE M, on

the Death of E d w a r d Dawso n, Efq\ of
Vaux-Hall, June 19, 1755.

r?Arewel departed -and lamented (hade,
* W hofe wu k no long ot" flatt'ry (hall de-
grade ;
I've known thy virtues long, and known

them well ;
Which none can more efteem, or better tell.
Malice, or envy, never broke thy reft ;
For honour always occupy'd thy bread:
Thy friends were many, and thy foes were

few ;
Cnlythe foes of truth were foes to you.

Some to the grave defcend for arms re-
no wn'd,
And have for conquefts been with glory

crown'd :
On thefe the mufe has longbeftow'd her praife
And with heroic worth adorn'd her lays,
While the pacifick arts negkcled lye,
And milder virtues pals unheeded by,
Like flow'rs which rife to deck the lonely

glades,
And fade unfeen in unfrequented (hades.
Be mine the tad: thy praifes to prolong
To after ages in recording fong,
To give, as right decrees, thy iav'rite name
To, what thro' life you fhun'd, the voice
cf fame.

Proud J'enice long had triumph'd in her ftore
Of treafure rifing from her chryftal ere,
Long from from her fiery cells the liquid mafs
Tranfparcntflow'd, and hardened into glafsj
Of ail the nations sound me got the ftart,
Without a rival in the lucid art,
Till noble* Viilicrs role with project.'- fraught,
And the grand alchymy to E?ighnd\>xoug\\t;

Which, to thy country's profit, now we fee
Improv'd, and to perfection brought by thee :
The mirrour now to nature adds a grace,
Gives back a lovelier form, and fairer face.

As thro' the peaceful vale of life you trod,
And daily there walk'd humbly with your god,
The virgin Faith attendant at your fide,
And fair Benevolence your conftant guide,
Whene'er you met the painful fons of care,
You from their bofoms drove the fiend def-

pair,
With falutary counfel footh'd their grief,
And to their wants extended due relief

Oft have you clear'd the wrinkled brow

of need,
The naked cloth'd, and bad the hungry feed,
Pleas'd unexpected bleffings to difpenfe,
While they who had them had, but knew

not whence :
So the parch'd Indian from the fultry plain,
Where all the wither'd herbage thirfts for

rain,
Sees, as he travels thro' the tedious way,
Where the fmooth gliding winding currents

ftray ;
With eager eyes the friendly ftream he views j
And thro' his breaft new joys thtmfelves dif-

fufe ;
With the refrefhing draught he cures his

pains,
But ftranger to the fountain-head remains.

For truth, for honour, and for ev'ry wojth,
You was a conftant advocate on earth,

* George Vjllilr?, the fecond Duke of Buckingham of that Name, founded the Plate-
Glafs-Houfcs at Vauxbdh and brought Artificers with him from Venice, the Manufactory of which
was biought to Perfection by the late Mr. Edward Dawson.

/LETTERS.

To ev'ry vice, to ev'ry breach of truft
Severe, but never more fevere than juff. :
Had thine own Ton been from all virtues free.
That ("on no more had found a fire in thee.
Thro' all thy life thy fortitude of heart

3*9

Could baffle pain and blunt the tyi ant's dart .
With the fame firmnefs you refign/d you

breath,
In purer worlds to triumph over death.

An ODE /(5 the Right Honourable Sir John Ligonier, occasioned by
the fever al Accounts in the public Papers of his Death.

"Tp H E carrion crow, that hovers o'er
*- The armies on the blood-ftain'd fhore,

The vileft of the feather'd race,
Is like the icribling crew which run,
From morning to the fetting fun,

Collecting praifes and difgrace.

II.

The virgin's triumphs in her bloom.
Her early pafiage to the tomb,

Or her lamented follies pafs'd,
Her pains, her tranfports, or her eafe,
Alike the fcrvile wretches pleafe,

Whole breath is like the eaftexn blaft.

III.
On falfhood or on truth they prey,
The miniftcrs of rumour they,

Creeping in darknefs and in light :
Vermin like them none can be found,
In water, air, or under ground,

Deteftable to human fight.

IV.

Often the brazen lye they fling
From the nocturnal raven's wing,
Pointed with anguiih and defpair,

Heedlefs whofe gentle breaft they rend
Nor lover they regard, nor friend,
The brave, the virtuous, nor the fair,

E'en now, dear Ligonier, the dart
Of rumour rancles in my heart,

Which fpread the tydings of thy fall .
Still hangs the chryftal on my eye,
Still in my bofom heaves a iigh,

Obedient they to friendfhip's call.

VI.

And is he gone my forrows cry'd,

In camps, in courts more dang'rous try'd ?

Then break the warlike fpear in twain ;
Turn loofe the gallant martial fteed,
To neigh thro' Cobham's flow'ry mead,

For he'll a fecond lord difdain.

VII.

Thefe were the words of grief; but now
With rofes will I bind my brow,

And offer at Minerva's fhrine,
(Who mil her foldier's life regards
With glory who his worth rewards,)

The cheerful juices of the vine.

A monumental Lifer ipt ion for the Great and Good Dr. Charles Proby,

Haud Procul,

Cum reliquiis Johanna Mountfort, depofita? funt

Exuvke mortales Caroli Proby S. T. P. et hujus eccle-

fiae, per annos XXV. Rectoris.

Qualis erat paucis difce.

Propofiti tenax at femper aequitate clarus,

Pauperibus morbis confcc~tis Medicus indefeffur,

Innocua morum jucunditaie romes delideratiffimus,

Amore ct Beneficentia, cum conjugali turn paterno 3

Nulli fecundus.

Obiit 16 Jan. Anno Dom. J 728.

* Qj\ q Benedicite

390 ^COLLECTION

BENEDICITE all ye Works of God blcfs ve, &c.

I. VII.

E works of God on him alone, Ye fhow'rs and dews, whofe moifture fhed
fin earth hisfootftool, heav'n histhrone) Calls into life the op'ning feed,

Be all your praife beftow'd ; To him your praifes yield ;
Whofe hand the beauteous fabrick made, Whofe influence makes the genial birth,

Whofe eye the finifh'd world furvey'd, Drops fatnefs on the pregnant earth,

And law that all was good. And crowns the laughing field.

II. VIII.

Ye angels, who with loud acclaim Ye winds that oft tempeftuous fweep

Admiring view'd the newborn frame, The ruffled furface of the deep,

And hail'd th' eternal king, With us confefs your God :

Again proclaim your maker's praife, See thro' the heav'ns the king of kings,

/.gain your thankful voices raife, Up-born on your extended wings,

And touch the tuneful firing. Comes flyins; all abroad.

III. IX.

Praife him ye bright etherial plains, Ye floods of fire where e're ye flow,

. . here in full majefry he deigns With juft fuhmiffion humbly bow,

To fix his awful throne ; To his fuperior pow'r,

Ye waters, that above them roll Who {tops the temped on its way,

] mm orb to orb, from pole to pole, Or bids the flaming deluge {tray,

Oh I make his praifes known. And gives it ftrength to roar.

IV.

Thrones, dominations, virtues, powers, Ye rummer's heat, and winter's cold,

Oh ! join your joyful longs with ours. By turns in long fucceflion roll'd,

With us your voices raife ; The drooping world to chear ;

From age to age extend the lav, Praife him who gave the fun and moon.,

To heav'ns eternal monarch pay To lead the various feafons on,

Hymns of eternal praife. And guide the circling year.

V. XI.

("crleftial orb, whofe powYful ray Yc frofrs that bind the wat'ry plain,

Ope the glad eve-lid- of the day, Ye filent fhow'rs of fleecy rain,

Whofe influence all things own, Perufe the heavenly theme ;

Praife 1 im whofe courts effulgent mine Prait'c him who fheds the driving fnow,

Vv' t r.s far excelling thine, Forbid:-; the harden'd wave to flow,

As thme the palei moon. And flops the rapid firearm

\ I. XII.

Ye g-i:t'ring plans t of the iky, Yc days and nights that fwiftly born

- beam 1 the ablcnt fun fupoly, From morn to eve, from eve to mon:,

him the ion., pun'he; Alternate glide away;

himfelf fubmiifive own, Praife him whofe never varying light

rom a brighter fun Ahfent adds horror to the night,
ght he ieiicls to you, But prefent gives the Day

XIII. Light,

/LETTERS. 39 i

XIII. XIX.

Light, fromwhofc rays all beauty fprings, Praife him ye Hoods, and fcas profound,

Darknefs, whofe wide extended wings Whofe waves the fpacious earth furround,

Involve the dufky globe ; And roll from fhorc to more ;

Praife him who when the heav'ns he fprcad Aw'd by his voice, ye feas fubfide,

Darknefs his thick pavilion made, Ye floods within your channels rlide,

Arid light his regal robe. And tremble and adore.

XIV. XX.

Praife him ye lightnings as ye fly Ye whales that ftir the boiling deep^

Wing'd with hot vengeance thro' the flcy, Or in its dark recefTes fleep

And red with wrath divine, Remote from human eye;

Praife him ye clouds, that wand'ring ftray, Praife him by whom ye all are fed,

Or, fix'd by him in clofe array, Praife him without whofe heav'nly aid

Surround his awful fhrine. Ye ficken, faint, and die.

XV. XXI.

Exalt O earth thy heavenly king, Ye birds exalt your maker's name:

Who bids the plants, that from the fpring Begin, and with th' important theme

Renew their annual bloom; Your artlefs lays improve,

Whole fretjuent drops of kindly rain Wake with your fongs the riling day,

prol'.tkk fvvell the rip'ning g r ai::, Let mufick found from o. Yv (pray,

And bid's thy fertile womb. And fill the vocal grove

XV T. XXII.

Ye mountains that ambitious rife, Praife him ye beaits that nightly roam

And lift your fumir.its to the Ikies, Amid' the foiitary gloom,

Revere Ins awful nod ; Th' expected prey to feize ;

T'unk how ye once affrighted fled, Ye flaves of the laborious plough,

Whiie '.'-". 'an fought his fountain head, f\ our ffubborn necks fubm'.ilive b< w

And owivd a.f approaching God ! And bend eour wearied knees.

XVII. XXIII.

W trc 's that fi 1 s the rural fcene, Ye fons,of men, his praife difplav,

Ye fi w'rs mat o'er th' enumeli'd green, Who flamn'd bb imanc on \om claw

In native beauty reign, And gave ii pow'r to move ;

( "'b ' praife the ruler of the fkics, Ye that on '/'" r at's confines dwell,

Whofe hand the genial fa p fupplics, . I rom . ,;e to aye fucc.f.ivc til!

And cloathes the thankful plain. The wonders of his love.

XVIII.

Yc fecret fprings, and icntle rills Let [.:':' ire :.. W y

That murm'ring rife among the Hills, Till arc i en to tru '.' - .. .

Or b'l th.e humbler\alc, And. tend ..' ntivc .. v.

life h : m at whofe almighty nod 2 the 1 ."Yd '

Phe ruzered rock diifoUing fiow'd, PI a M wiiilc they hear ; ru r; . :r .. .:

And fenn'd - (printing well. ^o fweet, iv like Lb. :

XXV.
And ye your thankful voices join,
That oft have bow'd before his fhrine,

On Sim's fa c red hill ;
Where eril tlv effulgent glory flood,
And utter'd from the myftick cloud,

The dictates of his will.

XXVI.

Ye Spirits of the juft and good,
That eager for the bleil abode,

To heav'nly manfions foar ;
Oh ! let your fongs his praife difplay,
Till heav'n itfelf fhall melt away,

And time (hall be no more

^COLLECTION

XXVII."

Praife him, ye meek and humble train,
Ye faints, whom his decrees ordain

The boundlefs blifs to fhare;
Oh ! praife him till you take your way
To regions of eternal day,

And reign for ever there.

XXVIII.

Let us who now impaflive fland,
Plac'd by the tyrant's ftern command

Amid' the fiery blaze ;
While thus we triumph in the flame,
Rife, and our maker's love proclaim

In hymns of endlefs praife.

APPENDIX.

APPENDIX

TO THE

SECOND Volume.

As it is the defer e of the Compiler^ to hifeert what is ge-
nerally Intercjling and Inferucting, as well as En-
tertaming alone to particular 'Tafees^ I have put the
following Oeconomy of High Life, in my Collection \
and hope it will he as acceptable as it is intended to he
ufeful.

THE

O ECONOMY

O F

HIGH LIFE.

Calculated for the Inftruction and Improvement of
all young Princes, Noblemen, and Youth of Fortune
and Family.

With an Abftract of feveral great Characters, and
affecting Examples of the different Confequences
and Effects of Virtue and Vice.

a 2

APPENDIX. 5

A Letter from the Author to the Right Honourable
the Lord - - - - -

My Lord,

WITH that Affability and Freedom of Accefs for which
you are fo remarkably diftinguifhed in your high Qua-
lity and Station, I had the Honour fome time ago to be ad-
mitted to your Lordfhip, and was fuffered to give my poor
Opinion with regard to feveral Matters, which were the Top-
icks of our ferious Converfation. As it chiefly turned on the
Luxurys, Vices, and Follys of the Age, your Lordfhip very
juitly obferved, that this Country, whole Annals have exalted
her to the Roman Empire in its greateft height of Glory and
Character, was, by its Effeminacys and finking Morals, re-
duced to a fid Refemblance of that once great State in its
Decline and Ruin. The good effect of Government we agreed
to depend on the Governed, and that no Nation in the World
could boaft of better Laws, nor of a greater or more upright
Magistracy, but what we determined to be the Misfortune,
was the Difficulty, for many Rcafons, of executing the Laws,
and the Influence of bad Example. Your LordfTiip was fo
good as to acknowledge the great Depravity of the Age to
proceed in a great Meaiure from the unbecoming and inconiift-
cnt Behaviour of many Perfons in high Life, whofe Birth and
Fortune placed them above Law, or at lealt fecured them from
the rough andfiarp Edge of it, who prefume on their Rank and
Condition to commit the moil atrocious and vulgar Offences,
doing things themfelves degrading to their oicyi Quality and Con-
dition, and patronifmg and defending others who- do them.

Your Lordfhip was pleafed to take Notice of the mean a-;
well as vicious Perfons, whom Perfons of Quality and Fafhion
fometimes make their Companions ; of the Hangers on, the
Parijites, which are admitted to fome great Tables and Inti-
macys ; who have only Senfe enough to find out their own
Intcrcil, and Compliment and Humour Men of Fafcion in

the;-

6 APPENDIX.

their Oddity's and Indifcretions, to dip in their elegant Dimes,
and receive the Advantages of their ill judged Bounty.

Your Lordfhip exprefTed yourfelf with great Indignation on
this Head, and heartily pitied fuch of your coronated Brethren :
But we both hoped and were pcrfwaded they were but few in
Number ; as to your oven part you condefcended to a flu re me
that your Chariot had never been foiled nor yourfelf difgraced,
with the prophanc, low, and obfeene Jefts of Companions,
which are a Reproach to thofe that favour and entertain them.
Your Lordfhip proceeded to a very warm and noble Con-
demnation of their Conduct, who by their Juices, Frofufions,
and Irregulari/vs hurt their Eftates, bring; themfelves into a
State of Abjection and Servitude to Power, and being reduced
to the Compliances of Neceflity, blot the Arms and Efcut-
c Irons which they bear and inherit from their illuflrious An-

CCn' ; S.

Amongft ether Things your Lordfhip will be pleafed to re-
member we were extremely angry with the Number of
loofe and immoral Treatifes, thefe Conveyances of Poifon to
the Minds of young People. We lamented that peffonal Slan-
der, that private, publick, and political Scandal, Abufe, and
Scurility, with which the noble Liberty of the Prefs is abufed ;
but, now and then we remarked a virtuous and moral Treatife,
Jiealing as it were into the World and among!! others, your
Lordfhip exprefTed your Approbation of a little Work prin-
ted fome time ago ; for which the Taite of the Age has re-
ceived the Compliment of fcveral Editions, and is called the
Oeconomy of Human Lift:. Your Lordfhip was pleafed
to exprefs your Fears of yourfelf in the unguarded and hecdlefs
State of Youth, and in an ylge fo fertile and inventive of Vices,
Decoys, arid Temptations. With great Earneftnefs and Gra-
vity you wiihed for fome plain and fmccre Friend of Expe-*
rience and Abiliiys, that would with a manly Freedom
and without an abject Fear of offending, inilruct you fo to
tread the Paths of Life, that you might avoid fuch fatal Rocks.
Your Lordfhip with a Sigh wifhed to avoid every Action
which might be a Reproach to thofe noble Anceftors, whofe
Uluftrious Actions and Virtues, joined with that Prudence and
Oeconomy

APPENDIX. 7

Oeconomy which are fo necelTary in all Stations and Condi-
tions of Life, had acquired and left the Honours, Titles, and
Fortunes, which you poflefs : Your Lordfhip fpoke fo affect-
ingly, and feemed fo much in earneft, that untill you find a
Perfon within your Lordfhips Defcription and fit for fuch Coun-
cil and Advice, I mould take it as the higheft Honour if vour
Lordfhip would be pleafed to accept this little Work which I
have compofed, abstracted, and compiled, from feveral learn-
ed and ingenious Authors, containing fome Maxims, moral
Observations, Characters, hiftorical Inftances, &c. and which
(perhaps vainly) I call an Oeconomy of high Life ; as calculated
chiefly for young Princes, Noblemen, and Youth of Figure and
Fortune : And as your Lordfhip would greatly honour me, I
hope you would not injure yourielf, in perilling it, and which
it is my Prayer may have fome tendency to keep your Lord-
ihip in thofe Notions and Practices of Virtue which you feem
at prefent fo inclined to, and will make you a mining Example
to all the yoimg Quality of thefe Kingdoms ; and amongft other
happy Confequences, it will give inexpreflible Pleafure to that
good Lady, your tender Mother, and, by making it eafy, pro-
long that Life which you have often told me is more valuable
to you than her Jointure ; and as your Loyalty and high Qua-
Jity mu ft carry you often to Court, and into the Royal Pre fence,.
inch Virtue and Conduct of your Lordfhip will likewife pro-
cure you the particular Eftcem of that great and honeft King
of this Country, who delights in Truth and Honour. It will
finally be the Joy and Satisfaction of all vour Jincere Friends,
amongft whom, though in the loivejl Degree, permit me to
rank myielf, who am, my Lord, with the greateft Duty and
Affection,

Tour Lord/hips mojl obedient, and devoted Servant, Szc,

St. George s, Southwark, L. II,

Jan, i//, 1755.

DEDI-

DEDICATION

To George Onslow, Efq; Son and Heir

apparent of the Right Honourable Arthur Onflow,
Efq; Speaker- of the Houfe of Commons ^ and
Member of Pa7 liament for Rye, in Suflex.

Sir,

rpHE Pleafure you take in every Opportunity of prov-
ing the Sincerity of the Friendship you profefs, encou-
raged me to beg your Patronage of this iittie Work, wherein
I have endeavoured to point cut thofe Errors and Miftakes in
High Life which tarnifh the natural Luftre of great Quality
and Dcfcent, and however it may be executed pleads the merit of
an h on eft Intention.

I mall not in the ufual Manner of Dedications, give any
detail of your good Qualitys ; for, as you poiTefs the Virtues,
I am perfwaded, you have the Sentiments of the Speaker,
and confequent y are much better pleafed with deferring than
receiving Praife and Panegyrick : I mail therefore be as iilent
with regard to your Worth, as if I had not the Honour of
being at all acquainted with you.

But permit me, Sir, to take this Occafion of congratulating
you upon two great and fortunate Occurrences of your early Life,
viz. your Marriage, and your Scat in Parliament ; from the
Firft, a delightful Scene of Happinefs opens to your View,
in the i oileiiion of one of the moir. amiable of. her Sex,
and by whom you enter into io great and honourable an

Alliance ; but I mud not dwell on this Plead for

if I mould be naturally led into the juft Encomiums of
that noble Relation to whom this Country, in his remark-
able Services of the prelent Royal Family, is lb much
obliged, I might be charged with ielr-interefled Views,

b and

io A P P E N D I X.

and to mean iomerhing more than the humble Compliments
and Refpect, which I thought it my Duty to pay you on this
happy Event.

As to your Scat m Parliament which I have alio mentioned
as the Subject of my Congratulation, it is not only a Poll of the
great eft Honour and national Confidence -, but is one of the be ft
Schools to compleat a young Gentleman's Knowledge, and
make thofe Parts and Learning ufefutt, whicli might otherwife
be only admired-, after all the Travels and Tours which are
made through foreign Countrys, a Britijh Houfe of Parliament
is the Place where the Char after of the Scholar and the Gen-
tleman receives its /aft Improvements. I doubt not Sir but your
Conduct will be to the Satisfaction and Credit of your Cointi-
tuents, that the Service of vour King and Country will be vour
great Object, and that no material and important Bufinefs of
the State or pubiick Utility, will for any unnecejjary Avocations
want your Aid and Attendance.

I do not Sir mention thefe Things by way of any Caution
to you, but to exprefs the Hopes which may be formed
from your Election j for it is next to an impoffibility that
you mould fail in any Duty effential to a good Mem-
ber of Parliament, who to your own honed Sentiments and
Qualifications, have had the additional Advantage of being
bred under the greatest Master.

I mail take up no more of your time, than humbly to offer
the Prayers and Willies, of my Heart, that for the Comfort
of your tender and affectionate Parents ; for their Sakes,
in young and high Life, who in the Age ive live, ftand greatly
in need of good Examples; and for her Jake laftly with
whom a Divifion of your worldly Honours and Happinefs will
be fo pleafmg and fatisfacfory to you, 1 he great God may
extend your Thread of Life to the longeft Period of this State
of Mortality, and then Reward the Virtues of it with eternal
Felicity.

I am } <S';r, Tour tnoft obedient, and devoted humble Servant y

St. Georges Scutbivark, ift. Jan. ij^-

L. H,

A P P E N D I X. ii

Introduction to the O economy of High Life.

^UCH is the weak Frame and Difpofition of Man, that
his Head is very apt to turn and gro^v giddy upon an Af-
cent ; and bad as the Times, full as the World is of Difap-
pointments, Breaches of Promife, faife Friendship, &c. It is
a much eafier Matter to thrive and fucceed, to acquire Riches
and Honours, than to behave right when we have gained
our Point. High Stations require the Safeguard of Virtue, and
Soloinon tells us, even Thrones are eflabUjhed by Righteoufhe/s ;
Honour and Integrity are true Marks of Nobility ; Honour is
only another Name for Honejh, and were there are no Pat-
terns of Probity and Virtue in the Lives of great Pe,rfons } the
World receives no Advantage, and thcmfelves only Reproauh
and private Contempt from their Rank and Quality.

In the facred Writings, we have the beir. Examples and
Precepts of high Life, their Observations are juft, their Subli-
mity ii remarkable, and which adds to their Weight, they are
wrote with the Finger of that moil high, wife, and great
Being, who is righteous in all Ins Ways : There is no Virtue ci
their Hero's unmemorifed, nor Vice of any great Man unflig-
matized ;. there is no Prince handed down to us from
thole Writings in any falfe Colours, nor placed in anv favour-
able or honourable Light, but where, notwithstanding tlu
Errors and Frailtys of human Nature, his Virtues prepon-
derate. The ill Life and Example of yeroboham y the Son oi
Nebat, is frequently quoted with the repeated Degradation,
that he made Jfrael to Sin ; it is mentioned with a particula:
Reproach to wicked Princes, that thrv did that which was Ei'ii
in the Sight of the Jjord ; whilit on the contrary, Thrones jufth
and virtuoully filled, are mentioned with the greateft Eclat and
Honour to their royal PoiTefTors.

The Beginning: of 'Yob'* Hiftorv acquaints us with his bcins*
a great Isian of the Eaii, but as if his Greatre/s chiefly con-
fided in Go:>dnJ}. hi; l'l*'tucs are placed, like a* beauteous and

b z veil

i2 APPENDIX.

well drawn Effigies in the Front of his Book ; and before the
Account of his Camels and his Oxen, he is remarkable for a
perfect and upright Man, one that feared God and efchewed
Evil. He was extremely popular but it was for no mean
cringing, nor fertile Behaviour and Compliances, it was no art-
ful Stratagem to catch an unthinking and undiflinguiflnng Mul-
titude. It is an eafy matter to obtain the deaf ning Hollows
and unfavory Acclamations of a gazing Croud, and as Dryden
well expreffes it, bowing popularly low may gain adherence to
an undutiful Abfalom's Caufe, and produce Applaufes to the
moft iniquitous and unnatural Behaviour ; but the great Man
I have been mentioning, was popular for nobly and juftly de-
fpeniing, that Power and Fortune with which he was intrud-
ed : We read that the Ear when it heard him blefsd him, and
the Eye when it faw him gave Wiinefs unto him, but it was be-
caufe in his judicial Capacity, he delivered the Poor that cry'd,
the Faiherlefs, and him that had none to help him -, . it was be-
cause as a rich Man he was Charitable and Beneficent, for
which he tells us, the Blcfjing of him that was ready to perijh
came in full Meafure upon him. It was a Largenefs of Senti-
ment and Dilpofition in his Profperity which made him fo va-
luable to the World in a high Circumftance, and then like
the Glow-worm made him mine in his Night of Adverfity.

All Defires but of Virtue infinuate themielves into the Senfes
only, but that inflames the Soul, to exercife its Facultys in no-
ble Exploits, and makes it mount and afcend to true Glory and
Honour ; there is a natural Odour and Sweetnefs in Virtue
which a good Mind retains, and a bad one fpills and corrupts.
There is a Method of judging our own Actions not to be ac-
quired from Books, or in Schools j when we receive from any
Action an inward Pleafure and Satisfaction, and the Mind re-
joice-, in it, it is a certain Symptom of the Goodnefs of that
Action, but on the contrary, if we have an inward Emotion
and Perturbation, we may for the moil Part be fure it was a
bad one. A vicious Action, like certain Food not well digefted,
r \fct again and re-vifits difagreeably, and uneafy Reflections

may

APPENDIX. 13

may be aptly called the Blufies of the Mind, for having fpoke
or done amifs. It is offending againft the Rules of Virtue
which caufes the Difturbance, for the good Man fays Solomon
is fatisfied from himfelj '; hence Perfons in high Life may
form Judgments of themfelves, and if they would not . be
their own Tormentors, it is the sreatefr. Adt of Prudence and
Wifdom to be Virtuous. As there is no Beauty like that
of the Mind, fo there is no Pleafure fo Subftantial and In-
nocent as a peaceful and unaccufing Confcience ; this taken
for granted, Perfons of Rank and Fortune never diiplay a
better Senfc and Underflanding than when they fquare their
Words and Actions by the decent Rules of Religion and Vir-
tue, and preferve Honour and Integrity in all their Converfa-
tion and Deportment.

Virtue hath many QbjeBs for its regard, many Faces and
Appearances, but all finely featured and with juft Symetry and
Beauty. Virtue gives Giory and Honour to the poor eft as
well as richefl of Men, to the Pea/ant as well as the Prince.
Virtue communicates a glorious Luflre to all, and the vreat
Ones of the World have no larger Share than others of its
intrinfick Glory and Honour ; the Circle of the former indeed
is wider, and they may gain more temporal and worldly Ho-
nour and Efleein from their greater Power and Opportunity's
to do Good, but Virtue is Virtue, in whatever Station it is
exercifed, and when a Man doss Good to the Extent of his
Capacity and Abilitys, it enobles and dignifys him.

The good and mild Government of a Khig, the Sub-
jection and Loyalty of a Teople, a true Love and Regard for
their- ountry in Senators j Humility, Freedom of Accefs, and
Performance of Tromifes in Courtiers and Men of 'Power ;
Juftice and upright Dealings in Traders ; C harity and Com-
panion in rich Men ; and Honeity and Induftry in poor ones ;
Goodnature and Humanity in the Mafter, and Diligence
and Fidelity in the Servant, a willingnefs to initrudt and im-
prove the World in the Learned, and an humble Teachable-
nefs and Defire of Knowledge in the Illiterate 3 all thefe are

amiable

T4 A P? EN D IX.

amiable Virtues though of a different Species, and communi-
cate a Splendour, Character, and Honour, to all that exercile
them in their different Stations and Conditions.

SECT. I.

Of the Religion and Virtues of great Princes, as
characterized and beautifully defcribed by the Son of
Sirach.

O Prince give thy Mind to the Law of the moji High, and
be occupy 'd in the Meditation thereof ; keep the Sav-
ings of renowned Men y and feek out the Secrets of grave Sen-
tences ; give thy Heart to refort early to the Lord that made
thee, open thy Mouth in Prayer and make Supplication for
thy Sins ; mew forth that which thou haft learned, and glory in
the Law of the Covenant of the Lord : So will many com-
mend thy Underihmding, and Jo long as the World endureth
it mall not be blotted out j thy Memorial mall not depart awav,
and thy Name mail live from Generation to Generation ; Na-
tions mall mew forth thy V/ifdom ; if thou die thou malt leave
& greater Name than a Thou/and, and if thou live thou malt
increafe it.

Examples.

David called upon the mod high Gcd, and he gave him
Strength in his Right Hand, and fet up the Horn of his Peo-
ple ; fo the People honoured him with ten Thoufand, and
Praifed him in the Blefiings of the Lord j and he gave him
a Crown of Glory. In all his Works he praifed the moft High;
with Words of Piety, and with his whole Heart he Jung Songs,
and loved him that made him.

l-T

APPENDIX. i 5

After him rofe up a wife Son, and for his ake he dwelt at
large ; Solomon reigned in a peaceable Time and was ho*
noured, God made all quiet round about him ; how wife was
he in his Youth and as a Flood filled with Underftanding ! His
Soul covered the whole Earth, his Name went far unto the
Ijlands, and for Peace he was beloved; by the Name of the
Lord God he gathered Gold as Tin, and multiplied Silver as
Lead ; but at laft he Jlained his Honour fo that he brought
Wrath upon his Children and was grieved for his Folly.

The Remembrance of Josias is like the Compofition of the
Perfume that is made by the Art of the Apothecary j it is fweet
as Honey in all Mouths, and as Mufick at a Banquet of Wine.
He behaved himfelf uprightly in the Conversion of the People,
and took away the Abominations of Iniquity : he directed his
Heart unco the Lord, and in the 'Times of the Ungodly ', he efla-
blified the Worfip cf God.

Thefc are the beautiful Remarks and fublime ExprefHons of
the Son of Si rack. I hope they will not be unacceptable,
as they are the Contents of thofe facred Volumes, where I think
we ihould firji fearch fo: Inftruclion, and where it is fo finely,
hftih, and impartially given.

SECT. II.

Of a Prince's Deportment in order to become great

and efteemed.

IT is rot lefs necefTary for the Prince, than for the Subject,
to have a Confcience void of Offence, both towards God
and Man ; and it was abominably and wickedly faid by a mean
and fervile i ourtier to King Philip, that if he had his Con-
fcience he Ihould reftore the MefJ'enians their ( aftle, but if he
had the Confcience of a King he ihould keep it.

Vicious Inclinations tranfport and carry away the Soul in a.
High Tide and dwell of Power and Fortune ; they hurry the
Mind and Ideas to feveral Objects at one Time, and confe-

quently

16 APPENDIX.

quently perplex, confound, and difturb them ; but the Princi-
ples of Religion which produce Virtue and Prudence, corred:
the wild bailies of Youth, when high Rank and Fortune fill
the Sails of its Pride and Vanity j they reftrain the Paffions
and fix the Motions of the Mind ; they are the beft
Governours and Directors of thofe who are appointed to
govern and direel others, without which their Adminiftration
will be injurious to thofe within the reach of their Power,
and may be, and commonly is experienced to be deflructive
to themfehes.

Princes fhould not be fearful and diftrufiful in the Chair of
Power and Government, and with the Security of Virtue and
Innocence, mould not fuppofe themfexves to have any Enemy's ;
for to deferve none is the fure Method of having very feiu ;
but yet they are not to put Confidence in, nor trull: their Per-
fons and Characters with lend and vicious Sycophants and At-
tendants upon Grcatnefs ; Virtue and Houefiy mould be fome
of the Ingredients and Quality* which compofe the Characters
ot thofe which they truft and receive into Favour ; for great
Parts and Abiiitys are nothing without them. It was once laid
to a great Prince, my Lord is a Man of much greater Learn-
ing, Parts and Policy, very true faid the King, but this Lord
is perfectly Honeft. Where there wants Virtue in a Princes Fa-
vourite, ^elflove and Interen: arc commonly at the Bottom of
his fine Words and fervile Behaviour, and the End of all his
Purfuits will be found the Gratification of his own Ambition,
and not the real Service, Glorv, and Honour of his Prince :
Faithful Counfel is the Pillow of a Prince on which he may
''ficly Sleep.

It is threat Wifdom in a Prince to know how to make ufe of
Counfel, but it is greater to find out the Intention of them that

: it-

. affability and Court efy, without dropping of MajefJy, a

Phincj; fhould remove from his People all Terror and Dread

:. ins Perfon, and never throw them into Dcfpair of his Favours;

: iiv! e can be no real Affection where there is Fear, and when

' ; have loft the Hope of Good, they commonly loofe the

Fetr

APPENDIX. 17

Fear of Evil, the Confcquence of which is frequently Faction
or Sedition. The proper Medium is fo to Govern, as to
have all Good to I iope, and no great Evii to Fear.

Disaffection in Great Men to a Prince is a double Crime, for
their Duty and loyal Example are like Laws to the People.

From the Nature and Dignity of princely Power and Sta-
tion, there is always enough of Fear mixt with Affection j
but when a Prince leeks only to be fear'd he ceafes to be lov'd.

It is a kind of Inceji in a Prince to violate the Laws of his
Country, for he is the Father ot the Laws.

The ill Government or Tyranny of a Prince, is to the Body
Politick, what a violent Fever is to the Body Natural, for as
the one caufes Convulfions and great Alteration in the natural
Frame and Constitution, fo the other Troubles and Convulfes
a State, and disfigures the natural Complexion of a People.

SEC T. III.

Of Royal and other great Perfonages.

IT is no fuch happy Thing as may be imagined to be Com-
panions and Intimates of a loofe young Man of Quality be-
fore he attains his Title and Eftate; it is great odds if we are
much taken notice of afterwards, and we are in Danger oi
being heartily hated ; for having been confided in, and perhaps
for things of a vicious Nature, there is always a Fear of bcirej;
laid open or difcovered by us, and from that Fear proceeds
a thorough Diflike or Averiion.

Fear is a very ufeful PaiTion in thole who attend Courts,
when it is made the ^nflrument to correct the Excels of Hope,
and to lower the Imaginations of Piide and Ambition.

There is nothing which Princes and great Men oiu;ht
10 be more defirous of than Reputation; lor Praife and Ho-
nour do not always depend upon what the Perfon really is, as
what he is reputed to be ; to this End the Senate oi Rome fear-
ing the publick Difturbances and bad Confequences which
might proceed from the ill Behaviour oi their Emperor Nero,

c decreed

18 APPENDIX,

decreed him the Honour of publick Eloquence, as he had ob-
tained the Character of Playing and Speaking well upon a Stage;
thereby wifely and artfully thinking to cover his Infamy 5 thus
faithful and loyal Subjects and Friends to publick Peace and
Quietnefs conceal the private Vices of Princes, and fpeak of thole
Things by which they can give them Honour and Reputation,

He that punifhes the Crimes of every one and fhews Mercy
to none, diicovers more revenge than dijiike of the Offences, or
delire of Reformation j a few Examples of Puniihment iervc
for the Chaftifement of many Crimes.

A wife Prince has his Eye as well on his Friends as his Ene-
mies j and fo (Indies them a part, that he may know how to
keep the one and fecure himfelf from the other.

It has often proved dangerous to do even a great Adfion,
contrary to Orders ; of which there is a notable Example a-
rnongft many others in the Roman Hiftory : when Atticus
boafted that he had killed Otho, who would have feized on
the Empire, Galea afked him, who commanded him to do
it, for though he looked upon the Action as beneficial to the
State, yet he refented it as an Entrenchment upon his Autho-
rity.

The Signs of a corrupt Age, and the Decay of publick Vir-
tue are many, and amongir. the reft, when the Serpent is ad-
mired, and the Dove defpifed, or in other Words, when clai-
ming and crafty Men are honoured and cried up for Men o!
U/uierfhiudiug ; and Hone ft and good Men are reputed Fools.

Courtiers arid Street Beggars have been wittily laid to bear
a near Reicmblance to each other, the former feldom remem-
ber the good Olfices that have been done them or the State,
nor the latter thole who have relieved them, for in the next
Turning of a Street, or within a little while, they do not know
the Pet Ton, and hold out the Hand to him that has already

Jcalojiv and Emulation between Equals whets the Spirit of
Action, and lerve as a Spur to Excellence j but when 'tis be-
tween Superiors and Inferiors, 'tis often dangerous to the latter.

Fndifcreet Liberality adds to the Vices which ruin and im-
poveriih a Man of Fortune j but a prudtnt Generofity, and

APPENDIX. 19

to worthy Objects, embellifhes his character ; and by pro-
curing the Bleffing of that fupreme Being from whom every
good and perfect Gift cometh, adds to his Greatnefs, and mav
to his worldly Happinefs and Profperity, Honour 5 the Lord
fays Solomon with thy Subftance, &c. So (hall thy Barns be
full and plenteous with all manner of Store ', and thy Sheep Jhall
bring forth "Thonfands and ten Thoujands, etc.

He that hath been forgiven an Offence fhould be greatly
upon his Guard for the Future ; for fuch Offence, tho' pardon-
ed, has created fuch a juft Sufpicion of him, as to keep the Eye
of Power conftantly upon his Actions, and from that Regijler
as it were of one Offence, he can hope little Mercy to the next
he ilia.ll commit; of this we have a lively Inftance in the Treat-
ment of Shimei by Solomon : a Pardon though never lb gra-
cious leaves a Scar on the Reputation of thole that have offend-
ed, and wounds and weakens the Affections of his Friends.

No regard to Liberty ought to encourage Licentioufnels ;
one of the Names of a profligate and vicious Man is a Liber-
fine, that is, one that takes Liberty to lay and do what he
pleaies.

SEC T. IV.

Of that Cojiducf of St ate [men which is ferviceabh or
prejudicial to their Country and themfelves.

"^ H ERE are two Things which are commendable in
themfelves, and neceffary to a State, if not caried into'
Extremes j viz. Vunifuments without Barbarity and Cruelty,
and Tributes not rigidly exacted; with regard to the latter, it
was once very prettily and humanely faid to a poor Man, by a
great Minijler, after he had given him a low Office in the Re-
venue, <c never do a little Thing, and never Wink at a great
one."

All the Habits and Garments of Virtue are rich and magni-
ficent, but Truth is its diflinguifhine Drefs, which the honeil

c 2 State (man

Sir R. W

20 A P P E N D I X.

Statefman always puts on when he waits upon Princes and is
called to Council j Virtue and Truth have been faid by a great
Writer, to be Security and inviolable Pledges for each
other.

There is wide Difference between the repofe and quiet of
Retirement, and a State of inactive Idlenefi -, one fills the Soul
of him who hath fpent his time in great Actions, with many
ielf Satisfactions and Pleafures of Reflection ; but the other
permits the Allurements of Vice to fteal into the Mind, and
calls and awakens the fenfual and vicious Paffions.

No Man arrives to any height of Greatnefs 'till he has Power
and a Heart to do Good to others.

When the Counfellors of Princes fpeak freely their Thoughts
they may be faid to fpeak to Princes themfehes, but when they
difguife Truths, and flatter and diflemble in their Difcourfe,
they may be laid to fpeak only to their Po^cer, Tomp, and
high Station ; from the one a Prince will always meet with
true Service and Fidelity; whilft the Loyalty and Affection of
the other, will varv with his Fortunes.

The Life of thofe that attend upon great Perfons, is like
the Art, or Cunning, rather than "Judgment of a Fencer j
however madly he pufhes, if he can either on the Right or
the Left hit the Heart, he is fure to win and partake of his
.Bounty.

The Difcontent of the Vulgar, is a Field wherein great Men
that are difgufted commonly fow their Confpiracies and evil
Defigns againfr. Government.

The outward Raptures and Admiration of a Man's Actions
are extremely pleafmg; but being for the moil part, a Stretching
and Elevation of the Mind, it feldom lalts long.

A great and learned Man, has very nicely rdlinguiihed be-
tween the Heart and the Soul, which have been often blended
together, and fuppofed to iignify the fame thing ; the Heart >
fays he, is the Lover of Fortune ; the Sold, of Wifdom and
Virtue 3 to the former the Heart opens and dilates itfelf, but
from the latter the Soul receives it Satisfactions.

Great Employments beget Jealoufy and Envy, but well
conducted, produce alfo Honour and Eftcem from the Wife

and

APPENDIX. 2 j

and well Diftinguifhing, for the great Employment is a
Proof of his Patriotijm, who executes it faithfully, iince a
State no more than a private Family can fubiiit without Ser-
vants or Perfons to perform its Offices ; and as to Jealoufy and
Envy, and as to the Speeches and Invectives they often produce,
thev are of little Weight with Men of Difcernment. Some
Mens Politicks have been compared to Cricket Matches,
where thofe that are out, drive to catch the Ball, and bowl
them out that are in, and if they are in too long the next
Thing is a Wrangle.

He that is not too much elated, nor over much dejecled,
in the different Fortunes of Life, knows bed how to meafure
Events and Accidents, according to the Condition of Human
Nature.

It is a geater Act of Courage to fear Difljonour than to be
covetous of Honour.

SECT. V.

Further Obfervatious and Rules for Princes, &tc.

Prince that pardons many Faults, and commits none of
them himfelf, is in a high Degree of Virtue, and beai^
ibme refemblance to the Deity who cannot fill into the Crimes
lie pardons.

We cannot avoid common Misfortunes, but we may common
and r cn!\[ar Errors and Vices.

We fjiould never thank a great Man too much for any Fa-
vour we have obtained of him againlt his Will, for that is to
open the Wound afrelli of his Prejudice and Diflike; but we
mould quietly oblige him in everything we can, that his dif-
eiteem may more eanly pafs off.

When a Minifter of State difpenfeth his Power properly,
and tor the good of his Country, he publiOieth the Wifdom of
the Prince that hath made choice of him; and unites and
makes a fort of happy Marriage, between the AfTccllons of the
Prince and the People.

22 APPENDI X.

As the malignity of Poifon is qualified hy certain reftri&ive
and difcreet Mixtures in Phyfick, whereby the Compofition be-
comes Medicinal and Healthful ; fo Terpentine Wifdom and
Cunning, and all thofe great Abilities which render bad mind-
ed Men more capable to do Mifchief, when tempered and
mixed with Virtue and Innocence, produce great and noble
Actions, and are not at all dangei-ous j a jufl Notion of public x k
Virtue and a Regard to it, iteer the great VerTel of State to a
fafe Harbour, and its profitable Freight, if I may fo fpeak, is
a Country's Honor, Welfare and Advantage.

To confide in all, and to trull: none, are equal Errors in a
Prince ; it is good Policy and great Prudence in him without
particular Knowledge and a Conviction of Bafenefs, to give all
an outivard Sbeiv of his good Opinion, or at leaf! to conceal
little Dijlikes and Prejudices, which may be formed in his
Mind, perhaps from Envy and Mifreprefentations only ; for
feme Diipohtions are foon enilamed, and Men are very apt to
be difguited, ?nd to run into Factions and Seditions, from
Appearances and Intimations of their Prince's Diilike and Dif-
pleafure ; that Temper of weak Women, is often featured in
the Minds of Men, which one of our Poets prettily defcribes,
ii-ho thinks us falfe Jlmll never find us true. Though a Prince
therefore ought to truft but few, he mould create in as few as
pofiible a diftruft of his Efteem and Affection.

The Virtue and mild Government of a Prince may be more
relied on, than the Skill of his Generals, or the Number of
his Forces ; for they raife him an Army of his Peoples Af-
fections, which are his greateft Security and Pledges of Safety,
It is laid of Queen Elizabeth, that going out one Day, as the
was entering her Coach, and a great Number of People af-
fembled about the Gates of her Palace, my Lord Burleigh
humbly defired her Majefty to wait a Moment, for me was
too foon for her Guards fhe anfwercd, they are here, do you
not fee how many of my Subjects are here their Love and
Hearts are my Defence. There wants the Sap of true Love
and Affection to a Prince, where there is a mean Abjection
and fervility of Behaviour; true Affection is always accom-
panied with a generous Fidelity, whether promoted or not,

whiltl

APPENDIX. 23

whilft the other varys according to the Gratification or Dii-
appointment of Expectation. It was once afked Woolfey,
that haughty Prelate, by a Perfon that did not fear him, whe-
ther he ever made a Bow, but at Court ? I fear his Piclure
may be leen in theie Days.

All irreligious and vicious Authors mould be carefully kept
from the Infpection of young Princes ; it is barbarous, and a
Species of Diiaffe&ion, if not of Treafon, to Taint and Poifon
their young Minds with bad Tenets and Principles, ivhofe
Office, Glory and Safety it will be, to think and behave as
true Defenders of the Faith, and Preferver and Protector of
the Religion of that Country which they are to govern and
prelide over ; the pampered Nature of Perfons of Affluence and
and hiczh Living, is apt enoueh of itfelf to rebell againft
the chait and wholefome Rules of Modefty and Virtue ; the
longer therefore that Youth of all Conditions, and efpecially
of fuch Rank, are kept from them, and abftain from Vice, the
ilronger their Reafon grows, and enables them to conquer and
fubdue their fenfual PaiTions ; by thefe Means they lay the
greater and furer Foundation of Health and long Life, and oi
which, Virtue and Temperance are commonly experienced to
be a Preservative ; it is therefore bafe and unajfeBloiuiU . nay very
difqualifying for any Place or Office under them, to corn:;::
their Idea 1 -, toinfufe into them any early Infection, by putting ill
Notions in their Heads, and ill Books in their Hands, to prey
lent and fupplv them with thole evil Communications rJ.-lch
corrupt Mens Manners.

They that Compliment and feem dehrous to gratify e r :o ;
Pa [/ion of a young Prince, without humble e.nd decent Remon-
itrances and Reprefentations of their ill Conlec ; uev;ces, may
be cal'ed perhaps icell bred and polite, but are not faithful Ser-
vants. An hone// Freedom and Fidelity are always linh\i toge-
ther, and is what Tiki. xi us meant, when feeing fomc of his
Sr.bicc'rs throwing themfelves to the Ground, and Killing his
Feet, reproached them oi Plebeian Bafenefs, and of Minds and
Difpofit.ons, lit only fays he for Cowards. I would be ferved
fays he, by Men and not by Slaves, with proper Subjection and
Duty, but with a Roman Freedom and decent Courage; By

thofe

24 APPENDIX.

thole a Prince fees the Hearts of his Miniffers and Servants,
and has the Advantage and Experience of their real Judgments
and Opinions,

It is hardly poflible for a Perfon in great Poft, or of large
Fortune, to be without Envy ; it is the Pyrate that meets us
(3ii the High Sea of Prosperity, with its black Enlign of
Slaughter. Let us therefore examine into the deformed Na-
ture of this Vice, and if we are iniecled with it ourfelves, or
meet with it from others, learn a Remedy again!! it. As the
lame Greek Word which iignifys Emulation, has been alfo put
for Envy, fome injudicious People have blended them together,
whereas the Former is a Virtue, and widely differs from the
Latter. Emulation puts us upon ftriving for the Excellence
we perceive in another, and to he as High and as Great as he
for this Reafon publick Schools have been recommended
lor the Education of the noblcfc Youths. Put the envious
Man, meanly, narrowlv, and bafely ftrives to bring others in-
to as low a State as his own, and aims not fo much at Climb-
ing himfeif, as at the Fall of others. In a Word, he has
greater Delight to hurt and ruin another, than to ferve
himfeif. The "reateil Man degrades himfeif with this
Vice j And, when even a Prince bends fo low as to envy
the Creditor the Glory of Subjects and Inferiors, it has been
remarked, that it is a Counterpoize to level him with their
Weight.

S E C T. VI.

Further Directions to Perfons i?i High-Life.

TH E R E is nothing more reproachful to a Man in
High-Life, than to deviate from the itrict Rules of Juf-
tice. The frequent Sufferings of poor Tradcfmen for their Bills,
tarnifh the Lultre of a Birthdays Magnificent Drefs, he that
Dines at the fine Table of a Lord that never pays his Debts,
is really under no Obligation to him for his Dinner, and after
all his Thanks, Cringes and Bows, to my Lord, has been
treated by his Butcher, &c. Juftice in every Degree of it
ihould be performed by thofe that call themfelves Noble., or

APPENDIX. 25

it is an Epithet which does not belong to them by what-
ever Family or Defcent they are diftinguimed, for without
Juftice there can be no Honour, and Honour and Nobilitv
are Synonymous ; impartial Juftice is more dignifying
than the greateft Parts or Judgment without it ; d
this the Grecians had fo Juft a Notion, that they painted
Juftice betwixt the Signs Libra and Leo, to fignify, that
there muft be IndifFerency and no Refpect of Perfons in
judging and determining ; and Courage and Intrepidity in ex-
ccuting the Laws; The Egyptians improving upon Juftice be-
ing painted blind, painted her alio without Hands, to fignify,
that as lhe is to fee No-body, fo the is to be likewife free from
Bribery and Corruption.

Many are the Examples in Hiftory, of Regard to Juftice,
even to the niceft Punctilio, and it is what the greateft Alan
ne,d not be afhamed of, becaufe it is an Attribute of the Di-
vine Nature. I ihall never loie the Imprefiion which the fol-
lowing Story in the Spectator made upon my Mind, though
that ingenious Writer was miftaken in the Duke and in the
Country. A Citizen of Ferrara being caft into Prifon, upon
Suspicion of fome Crime, lent his Wife to implore his Deli-
verance of the Perfon by whom he was detained, but flic
could not prevail, except upon thefe hard cruel Conditions,
that fhe ftiould firft fatisfy his unlawful Deiires, and then give
him a large Sum of Money, to both which, at the Requeft of
her Huiband, (lie confented 5 but notwithstanding, her Huf-
band was afterwards executed ; upon which, Gonzc/a, Duke
of the Country, detefting the Villainy, ordered him to reftore
the Money to the Widow, give her an additional Sum, and
then marry her, and on the Wedding Night, hanged him for
his Treachery.

There is not a greater Act of Cruelty and Injuftice than
Breaches of Promiie in Men of Power and high Station. It is
abliird to imagine that any Perfon would ne. lect his Bufinefs,
and give himfelf the Trouble and Expence of attending a great
Man's Levy, if a Dependance for fome good Reafons had not
been created ; and it fo, not to anfwer it, is an high Act of
Diihonour and Injuftice. I think the Letter of that f Cardinal

d mould

+ Cardinal RichlUu or as others fay, Mazar'ni,

26 APPENDIX.

fhould have been burnt by the Hand of the common Hang-
man, who gave a poor fupplicant Frier the warmeft Letter of
Recommendation, and bid him read it, which he did with the
greateft Joy, and earned it to the great Man to whom it was
directed, but private Marks being given where to flop in the,
Keading, it contained the vileft Character of the Bearer.

No Man can be difpleafed at an honefr. Denial, and an End
being immediately put to the Anxiety of Expectation -, which
puts me in Mind of a Story very honeftly and faectioufly told,,
by a certain late Minister of himfelf. A. poor Gentleman had
attended him three or four Years fora Place, hut he had it not in,
his Power as he faid to provide for him -, however, to keep alive-
his Intereftand avoid difpleafing him with a flat Denial, he al-
ways received him with a peculiar Smile of Affection, and dif-
mifled him with great Civility and Encouragements of Service,
iill at length ouite wearied out, he waited on him with two
Papers, which he requefted him to perufe and anfwer, and he
would never more take the Liberty of troubling him ; upon
which he. faid, he had not time in his hurry, of Bufinefs to
look over them io foon as he might expect, but afked him the
f: ubftasce of what they contained, the Gentleman anfwered,
that one was his Shoemaker's Bill, and the other his Expenccs
for Coach-hire, &c. during his long Attendance, and which
if his Honour would be pleafed to pay, it fhould quit him of
ill Promifes, and for ever rid him of fo troublefome a Vifitor.

Men in Power and high Station fhould be grateful them-
ielves to the. great Power above, as well as expect others
to be fo, , whom they may have ferved or obliged, and this
mould remind them of the Dutys of Religion, which is
made fuch a Jeff of in many of the rich and fpacious Seats
of the Scornful. No one is treated fo ungratefully as the Kind-
eft and moft Powerful of Beings, it is he that Heals, whilit
the Phyfician only has the Fee and the Thanks 3 but let fuch
great Scoffers recollect, that he can kill as well as heal, and
that they are liable with all their Fortune, Dignity, and Emi-
nence, to Calamities and DiftrefTes, from which none but that
omnipotent and merciful Being can preferve or deliver them.
-> ; Profanenefs and Immorality are the greateft Re-
flections

APPENDIX. 27

flections upon a Man's Understanding, oppofe even Nature's
Law of Self-prefervation, and are the greateft. and moil fhame-
ful Acts of Imprudence, Prefumption, and Ingratitude,

It is mighty common to fay, that a Perfon is a well meaning.
Man, and to hear a great Man declare that he wifhes us well,
when he neglects to exert his prefent Abilitys; which puts me in
Mind of a Servant in Spain, that had ftay'd a long time on an
Errand, upon whole coming home, his Lord who had been ma-
ny Years tantalizing him with Hopes of Preferment, and fay*-
ing he meant him well and heartily wifhed him Promotion,
was extremely angry, and afked him where he had been ? The
Servant replied, in Hell my Lord. Such an unexpected An-
fwer blunted the Edge of his Paffton, and Laughing very
heartily, my Lord afked him who he faw there ? my Lord,,
lays the Servant, I was mightily deceived, I thought to have,
met with very frightful and horrid Wretches, but there was a
Parcel of as fair fpoken Gentlemen as ever I met with, Hell
was full of great Men that meant well and wifhed well, in
fhort I was jlmken heartily by the Hand and frniled upon, and
great Promifes made me of their Service and Intereft when \
ihould come among them j but I have been informed fince 1
came out, that Deceit is the Fafhion of their black Region, and
was one of the Practices that brought them there, fb I de-
termined never if pofTible to join fuch a Society,

N. B. This old Story may be applied to thole who neglect
the Dutys of Religion, and continue in vicious Practices ; and
in Anfwer to any Reproof, always tell you, they mean, intend \
and wijlj to do better.

Whatever Fortune a Man pofTefTcs, or whatever Pretence
he may think he has to the Character of Politenefs and of a
fine Gentleman, he can have no juft Claim without fteady
Virtue and a Goodnefs of Heart. The late Prince of Wales ve-
ry politely and ferioufly faid to a certain Lord of great Wit and
good Senfe in his Drawing Room at Norfolk Houfe, " I won-
*' der my Lord we have fo many good Comedies and no true
" Character of a Jine Gentleman, upon which his Lordihip
tc replied, that the Character of Dcrimant in Sir Foppling
<{ Flutter was thought by fome to come up to it; no, faid the
" Prince, I can't allow a fine Gentleman fo many Vices."

d 2 SECT

28 APPENDIX.

SECT. VII.

Of Reputation.

EPUTATION is the, appearing to Advantage in the
Eye of the World; how far this prevails upon and in-
fluences Mens Actions, when it is of ufe and beneficial to
the Pubiick, or to Individuals ; and when of ill Confequence mall
be the Particular Inquiry of this Section. And firft, tis a Matter
of no nice Obfervation to difcover how far Defire of Reputation
influences Mens Actions ; for not to inftance the Men of Arms
alone, who are in the High Road to Honour, whofe more
profeiied Purfuit it is ; others are no lefs actuated by it ;
witnefs the Labours of the Brain that every Day appear in
the World, the Authors of which are incefTantly knocking at
the Temple of Fame, and challenging a Place (with how
much ArTurance and little Merit I need not fay) among the
Worthies of Character and Diitinction \ But to defcend a Step
from thefe who take a Pride in ftyling themfelves the learned
World, we may trace the fame Principle in the Mechanick
and the Peafant ; and even thofe of no Confideration at all, no
Figure in the World, beffow upon and receive the Applaufes
of their little Clans and Societys, and have marked out De-
grees and Lengths of Reputation. In a Word, this Paflion.
for Fame is the Motive and impulfe of our Actions, 'tis ri-
vetttd into and woven with our very Nature: and I believe,
vou'l icarce find a Man of fo diilempered and cold a Palate,
as to have no relifh of it. Since then thiti Defire of Reputation
prevails fo much it may not be amifs to enquire, 2dly, how it
may or may not be of ufe and beneficial to the Pubiick. Whe-
ther the Defire itfelf be allowable, and how far it may be admit-
ted as a jultifiable Motive to good Actions I will not take up-
on me to determine^ this is certain, it derives to the Pubiick
many and great Advantages. What noble Steps and Advances
in Learning has the fearching Mind of Man made, and yet

does

APPENDIX. 29

does make ? And what necefTary Conveniences of Life are
not owing to his fruitful Invention ? What puts him upon
this laborious fearch but a Third of Reputation ? fure
Attendant upon his Difcoveries ! This not only kindles Mens
Minds and inflames them with great and generous Thoughts,
but keeps them alio within the Bounds of Decency and Vir-
tue : It bridles their irregular and inordinate Appetites, for
Fear they ihould be betrayed into fuch Actions as would prove
inconhflent with and obdruct this great End they purfue : It
awakens their drowfie Faculties, and bids them chcarfully fet
about what Nature has made them capable of attempting.

Without being alarmed by the Apprehenfion of Contempt or
Infamy, or without being fpurred on by the Hope of Reputa-
tion, Men would lleep over their Capacities, and Arts and
Sciences, now polifhed and refined, would have dill lain like
the Oar in the Earth. The Deiire of Reputation is the
indrument and Conveyance of fo much Good, that in Tacitus's
Judgment, a fapientikiis etiam cupido gloria; novijjhna excitur.
Yet it may be of ill v^onfequence, either firft when we arTign
Honour and Reputation to thofe Things which are in their
own Nature vitious and difhoned, as 'tis common for modern fine
Gentlemen as a Mark of Character, to bond: of Favours received
from debauched Women ; or their Strength in Drinking^ when
the-/ have laid a whole Company at their Feet: Thefe they midake
tor the Materials of a well built Reputation, and therefore they
boafl of what they ought to be afhiuncd. This Deiire of Re-
putation may be of ill Co.nfequr.ee, when we are too fond of
it and adore it too much. Reputation 'tis true is a very ten-

oughly, but when it
Ar rument of its not
a! 'ill ' a Revolution of
and weighing them

There are Men whom the World calls Men of Konou,\
that wou'd rath':. Ke upon the Spot than Ikw or foreivt
a wry Word, o; unguarded Eyp:v{fion, ar. r; thao

put up a ilena'cr Anlo-it would b : ;. throi h : Laws
of Religion anel their Couiurv. Thefe Me; : JnroatierJce

der T

'hin

g am

:1 m n

not be hand

lied

wont

be.

r the

gentl

Touch, 'tis ;

: tru<

being

fou

no.

Thei

e : "

v we ought

to e,

o f

conii

lerir

>g T

hiim-

they real:'/

are,

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: Ba

lance

f . n <

on and T'rut

3 o APPENDIX.

creates them more Uneafmefs then the Perfons who oo
calioned it, and are more injurious to themfelves, than thev
are, whom they complain of.

Having thus confidered Reputation, or the Acquifition of
Fame and Character, let us now defcribe its contrail, and iee
what real Dishonour or bad Character is, and when or when
not affecting.

The greateft Dimonour proceeds from a bad and vicious
Life, for that puts a Man out of the Efteem of God, the
Source and Fountain of all Honour ; it muft be confeifed that
many ill Livers and Perfons guilty of the mod infamous Prac-
tices are honoured and courted in the World, and, which is
greatly to be wondered at in a Chriftian asd civilized Country,
becaufe they are vicious and fo wickedly Complaifant, as to
join with every ill Cuftom and extreme of Folly and Iniquity.
Others that are in the Favour and Love of God, are often re-
proached and difhonoured for thofe Virtues which have pro-
cured them the divine Regard, and the Efteem of wife and
well diftinguiming Perfons. To be well with the Multitude,
is to follow them to do Evil : Thus Erroneous and Fantaftical is
worldly Opinion ; but as the Praifes of Men are very often
nothing but Wind, fo their blame and infamy are as often of
the fame Subjlance.

A great and good Man will not only defpife fuch an ima-
ginary Evil of Slander, but even the Remedy that is frequently
offered, which like a Plaifter where there is no Sore is ex-
tremely troublefome, and may poflible make one. The Reme-
dy in fuch Cafe mould be applied to the real Difeafe, to the
Weaknefs and Wickednefs of the Slanderer, to the Raflmefs of
his Judgment, the Intemperance of his "Tongue, and the Sicknefc
of his Brain.

Innocence, and the Confidence of good and wife Men that
attends it, ftand fo high above the Calumny and Detraction of low
and narrow Minds, that they are no more to be moved with
it, than the Stars are with the Winds blowing in the lower
Regions. However, becaufe the World being prepoiferTed
with a wrong Opinion of a Man, may be perfwaded to do him
harm, or fo prejudiced as not to do him any good; and becaufe

the

APPENDIX. 3,

State may be thereby deprived of his Service, and himfelf and
his Family of the Reward of his Abiiitys; v.e mould
endeavour to rectify as far as we are able, the Mi/conceits
which have been taken a^ainft us : if the evil Retort is
grounded on the leajl Truth, we fliould endeavour to wipe it
off, not by Excufes, falfe Afleverations, and the like, but by
Amendment and pratlijing the Good that is oppolite to the Evil
we are charged with. Calumny mould always put us upon
looking into ourfelves, and reforming what we perceive amifs;
and that out of hatred of the Evil, more than the Difgrace of
it j for that being only a Shadow of the Vice, it will vanifh as
the Rays of Virtue appear. To conclude, as a Houfe is form-
er pulled down than rebuilt, io a Character is much eaiier de-
ilroyed than recovered, and though Common Fame is figured
with a Trumpet and filled with Wind, yet it makes a great
Noife, and has very often its fatal and mifchievous Conic-
auences.

SECT. VIII.

&/ Beauty addrejfed to Laclys of Rank and Condi-

dition,

BEAUTY fliould not be attended with Pride, nci the
Want of it with any Grief, or Uneaiinefs. As the Pair
Sex form a considerable, and if good and virtuous a verv or-
namental Part of High Life, it may not be quite improper to
touch upon fome Things which may be of Advantage to that
amiable Species of Human Nature. It io often to be lament-
ed that what tends to render them fo admirable, tends alio to
render them very difagreeable in the Eyes of Judicious Per-
fons, and Men of good Obfervation, I mean Beauty, or that
ptrfonal Figure, Symetry, and Harmonv of Features, which
come under that Appellation, and is ftiled and thought by
many vain People the hrit. Gift of God, and greater: Advan-
tage and Accomplishment of Nature ; it is an Ornament T
confefs which our kind Creator has placed if I may fo fpeak

32 APPENDIX.

on the Front of this Building of Flefli, and which by the de-
pravity of Nature is often ornamental only, without being at all
ufeful, nay is too often the Occaiion of Misfortunes.

Great Authors and Naturalifts have been very laviili even
rapturous in the Praifes of Beauty. It certainly gains the Af-
fection at mil Sight, and gives an advantageous Prejudice in
its Favour. Beauty indeed has been laid to be a Sign of
a Goodnefs and Sweetnefs of Nature, and feme have gone fo
fir as to ailert the Similitude of the Mind to the Face; that
the Vigour, Sparkling, Pleafing Colour and quick Vivacity of
the Eyes, the SmoGthnefs of the Skin, the lovely White and
Red, handibme Lineaments of the Face, and comely and ex-
act Formation of the Features, are Marks of an eafy and a-
miable Difpofition, and that fuch Looks are Indexes of a
good Mind ; But fome Authors, I fuppofe the Ladys will
call them '-eery old cues, have been impolite and ill-natured,
and have difallowed any good Qualities to be peculiar to Beauty;
that Pride, Fantafticalneis and Coquetry are annexed to it j
that Beauty is amongft the deferable but not among the laudable
Things of Life, for nothing is truly amiable but Virtue and
good Behaviour, thofe real Beauties of the Mind ; that no
Paints, V/ajhes nor Arts, nor what is more E/timable, no
Beauties nor Perfections which Nature can give to the Face or
Features, are comparable to that Virtue which 'tis poffible a
Beauty may be without, and its oppofite may have the great-
eft Share of ; the mod beauteous White is that of In?wcc??ce, nor
is there a more becoming Red than the Blujh of Modefty.

Thefe Authors i^o on to fay that Beauty is more to be feared
than defired, and that it generally does more harm than good
to the fair PofTefTor ; that it has expofed Women to Tempta-
tions which have ruined them, and by the Compliments and
Speeches of its fond Idolaters many Women being made wick-
ed and wanton, which has made them alio miferable and un-
happy : it has often proved fatal to the Man that has courted and
pofleffed it; it has placed him as a Mark for adulterous Injury s
and ill Treatment ; and many might have led a quiet Life, and
might have efcaped many fatal Evils, if their Wives had not
been fo handibme.

I mufl

APPENDIX. 33

I muft own that the Nature, Conduct, and Value of Beau-
ty, mould be well confidered, for fear of the Rocks upon
which it may drive fuch charming Objects ; it mould be con-
Jldered in the fame Light with a noun Adjeclive in a School Boys
Accidence ; that it requires another Word called Honour to he
joined with it, or it is delu/ive, trifling, and unavailing to per-
fect Happinefs and Content. It fhould be conlidered as an exte-
rior and fupcrficial Ornament only of human Nature, that it is
a fair but Jading BloJ]o?n ; that it blooms and charms only in the
Spring of Life, will go off as Age approaches, or in that very
Spring will wither with Cares and Sicknefs ; but when accom-
panied with Virtue it is like a mafterly Piclure, whole Draw-
ing is exact as well as its Colouring beautiful, and gives the ra-
tional Faculties of the Soul, Entertainment and Satisfaction, at
the fame Time that it pleafes the bodily Sen/es. If fuch a one-
had not been the ntteif Companion for Man, God would have
given him a Friend rather than a Wife, and as a Woman may
thus tend to our Happinefs, and have an amiablenefs in her
Converfation and Deportment, which may render her Ange-
lick, however indifferently or unhappily featured, I mall
now make a few Obfervations upon that llighted, neglected
Fart of the Sex, and conclude this Section.

And frit, if a Woman without Beauty will but have Patience,

Ao:e or pif-afes, as I have obferved, have a fort of levelling

. . . &

Quality and will bring all the Beauties into her Row; and there

is a Day drawing near which will put handfome and unhand-
fome upon an Equality. It is foolilh to fret for the Want of a
Thing, which by its Nature is every Hour decaying and pe-
ri jking.

The Woman that is without this brittle Toy and pretty Ma-
chinery of Nature, and which a rational Mind and Lover of
real i ranquility will turn to its own Advantage, may not
be admired, it is true, but, on the other Hand, me will not
be importuned by the Lewd and Vicious, nor made a Prey to
Lu/l and Infolence. Whoever Reproaches her, reproachcih her
Maker, and offends againft Religion as well as good Manners
and the Rides of Polite?iefs. There is no real Merit in Beauty,
but there is in Goodnefs and Virtue : Amongif thole that want

e Beautw

34 APPENDIX.

Beaut) ', many are fo wife and pkajing in Converfation, and have
fuch a Livelinefs of Wit joined with Solidity of Senfe, and.
Happinefs of Temper, that they really become Handfome j with
regard to themfelves are free from that Vanity, and Affectation
which, if I may fo fpeak, deform Beauty, and are vifited by
Perlbns ol the moft rational Tail and Observation j there is the
fame Difference between the Beauty of the Face only and the
Beauty of the Mind, as between the baubling Shew GiaJJcs
of Toy Shops, and thofe for the real Neceffaries of Life -,
good Women more than Beauties adorn the Marriage State j
give leis Care, Pain and Jealouily to their Hufbands,.
are very ftudious to oblige them, and are confequentlv moft.
Happy. I am in ihort a great Admirer of Beauty, but a fair
and promifing Shell without any Kernel, or full of Dufi and
Maggots is vexatious and dif appointing. Let the fine Picture
be let in a good Frame ; that is, let Honour and Virtue accom-
pany Beauty, and Nature prefents nothing to. our View more
pleating and delightful,

SECT. IX,

Of thai falfe Honour and Courage called Duelling,.

TIT ERE is no juft Occalion of War, no honourable
Field of Battle, but againft the Enemys of our Coun-
try, and as a Man may be wanted in fuch ufeful and
noble Station, he is an Enemy to it that ventures his Life in
Refentment of triffling Injuries. The Caufe of a good Prince,
and the invaded Rights and Libertys of a People, are the only
iufl Reafons for drawing a Sword, unlefs indeed in Self-de-
fence againft outrageous Affaults and Attacks of our Perfons.
If a Alan ipeaks reproachfully of and takes away another Man's
Miftrefs, and fhe is a common Proftitute and Harlot, what is
his Crime: And how does it affect us? He fpeaks a known
Truth, and a Truth that ought to be fpoke, he detracts from
no Virtue, and juftly expofes Vice ; is not a Spider hideous, or
an edged Tool dangerous, becaufe fimple Flies are enfnared in
the Web of the one, or foolifh Children play with the other ?

APPENDIX. 35

to root out fuch Creatures from a chili zed Country, is no
more Injury than bru filing down Cobwebs in well furnijbed
Apartments. With a Prcfervation of the Laws in regard to
their Perfons, I think lend Women cannot be treated too op-
probriouily, especially when we confider the Ruin which thev
bring on many well circumilanced and honourable Families j
if this is admitted, no obloquy in that refpect can be worth
hazarding a Life for ; and if a loofe Brother of Venus fliould
take her away from you, what is the real Injury ? according to
the old Proverb, he takes a Thorn out of your Foot and puts it
in his own.

To fight with a fcurrilous ill-mannered and mean Perfon,
is as a noble Lord once remarked, to kick fomething which
it is more Prudent to tread over ; it is like beins; ansrr? with or
relenting the Freedoms at Billmgfgate, and is much fuch a
Piece of Courage or fuch a Ufe of Arms as a City Militia or
tame yJrmy exercife when they fur ioujly attack a Dunghill.

But to be ferious. The Blood of a Fellow Creature taken a-
wav in a fudden and frantiok Start of Anerer, or in a rasing Fit
and falfe Notion of Honour and Courage, as foon as Reafon and
Reflection return, leaves Imprelhons on the Mind which are
never worn off or quite extinguifhed j befides there is no real
Courage in fighting, as Duelijls very often do againfr. Inclina-
tion, only for the little Puff or Feather of Flonour, or perhaps
to five fome military Poft they enjoy ; the poor Bruifers, who
at Night in the Quality of Linkmen run before you and fub-
mit to be caned for a Penny, do every Day as much for the
httle Profits of a Stage at B>'oughto?fs Amphitheatre. What
a mighty Honour to ftrut into the Field lay fomething to
nothing, and venture the Lhe which is to continue a Famiivs
Name and Honour in Revenge of his Affront who is poUeffed
only of the * Philofophers Fortune ? what a Figure a young
Gentleman of Faihion makes as Sir Ha? ry Wilciair obfervcs,
with a Thruft. in the Guts, or with his Hand hehi up before a

M --dd x Jury? furnifhing a News Paper with an nge-

e 2 nioug

* Omnia mca mecum PortCr

36 APPENDIX.

nious Paragraph of his Courage or Knight Errantry, and
making himfelf the Jeft of a Town, and the Subject of yelp-
ing Hawkers.

Such ridiculous Feats of Honour and Flaihes of Courage
feem unworthy of any Rank or Command in great and pro-
perly difciplined Armys. One happy Prevention of fuch Evils
is indeed pretty often experienced, that the HecJor and the
Poltroon, the Bully and the Co-ward, often meet in one bl utter-
ing and mock Hero ; and Sir Richard Steele's Obfervation will
commonly hold true, that he hath fcldom a Heart to Fight
whofe Hand is always upon his Sword-, upon the whole, Life
is too precious to be trifled with, if we fight for the Abufes
of a drunken Man it is like relenting the wild ExpreHions and
Frenzys in Bedlam, or if we quarrel with a Fool it is like tak-
ing up the Box or throwing our Stake upon an empty Gaming
Table, we have the Difcredit to be (cen in the Place and can
win nothing.

The Poor labour in order to fupport Life, and great and
rich Men ftudy nothing with fo much Pains as how to live
long ; can then an offenfive Word or two between Friends,
an unmeant In j wry proceeding from warmth of Temper and
abfence of Reafon, juttify robbing an other or ourfelves of
i'j valuable a Poffeffion as Life ? invading the Property of
God, and hazarding that eternal Happinefs which we were
mercifuily redeemed to inherit and enjoy? our Duty to God, to
Society arid to ourfelves, require a Prefervation of Life ; if
we pre fuccejsful in our Duels, the Honour of Fighting them
centres, as I've obferved, in the Difgrace of an Old Baily Bar,
and the Place and Situation of a common Malefactor; if we
fall. Sir y$kn Faljlaffvcry nicely defcribes it, by the Terms of
// ;t:iu? Honour. The Law is the proper Scourge of Infolence
and Abufe, and I hope to fee it the Refoit of the Injured in
all Fortunes, Pctts and Stations; that I (hall fee the Time
when from the General down to the private Man, it mall be
matter of Difgrace, deemed an Ad: of publick Difhonour, and be
punifhed as a Crime againfl the common Intereft of the State,
for any one to give or accept a Challenge ; that a Verdict againfl
any Murdering Dueililt, or Proof of fuch Provocations and
oftenlive Language or Behaviour, as now are urged in

Defence

APPENDIX. 37

Defence of this pernicious Cuftom, mall be a Difqualification
for any Poft or Commiifion. Then may we hope to fee the
Life of every brave young Fellow preferved till his King and
Country call for it ; and no wanton Proftitute nor ilru iken
Folly and Indifcretion produce the fatal Effects of Duelling.
Let not the Refufal, but the Acceptance of a Challenge, be the
Reproach and Difadvantage of a Perfon's Interefr. with his fu-
perior Officers and Patrons ; and we mail loon fee this hot
and fiery Spirit evaporate, and the Conduct and Converfation
of Men be more and more civilized.

A very ancient Anecdote.

A great Man in a Treatife called^ The Lawfulnefs of
Combats, fpeaks (amongft. others, ") of Sentence awarded a-
gainif a Ouelliit or Combutarr, I think Lord Segrave f Fit
fuper hoc Dominus Rex, volens habere avifemmtum Com* turn, Ba~
ronum, Magna L um, ? aliorum de co alio fuo, injunxit eifdem,
in howagic, f.delitate & llgcantia quibus el tencntur, quod ipji
co?ijUere?it quaVs pcena pro tali fa&o faerit injllgenda. Qui om-
nes, habi to fuper hoc confnio, dlcuni quod huj if modi faBum mere-
tur paenam amijfonis vita', Whereupon he was committed to
the Tower, and Ro. Archard, that attended him in France,
was committed to Pnfon, arraigned, and fined at 200 V^arks.
In the End, and after much lnterceiTion, the Lor .; Segrave
was pardoned by the King, but could not obtain his Liberty,
until he had put in Security for his good Behaviour.

And this Courfe, holdeth Proportion with an ancient Law
made by Lotharius rhe Emperor, in thefe Words; % De his qui
dlfcordiis & corJentionibus jiudere folcnt, & In pace vivere nolue-
rint, & rade convicii ''.eri-: r i limi liter r columus, utperfidejuffores
ad 10/lrum Pnlatium veniant, & ibi cum no/Iris fidelibus conjider-
abimus quid de tali bus be mini bus faciendum jit.

t Placlta coram Regs Tr'in. 33. EdivarJi I.
1 Ex lege Longobard, 45. circa annum 830.

S E C T.

38 APPENDIX.

SEC T. X.

Of Cowardice and unmanly Fear.

AS unfavourable as my Sentiments appeared i the
former Section, to the falfe Notion of Honour which
has io often produced that impious Practice of Duelling ; yet I
am as averfe to Cowardice and unmanly Fear, that timorous
Spirit, that low Apprehenfion of Danger, which putting fome
Lion in the Way, makes the fmoothejl Path difficult, and the
difficult one inacceflible. A Coward is the Figure of a Man
that Nature has left unfinished j his Fear begets delay, and de-
lay breeds what he fears, Danger. The Fear of a Fire in
Battle difcourage many and greatly ffrenthen the Enemy, who
naturally advance as the other ihrink back. I believe it is fome-
times good Generaljlnp to retreat, but a very beautiful File does
not often prefent itfelf to View. Valour and Intrepidity in
fudden Onfets difcomfit an Enemy, and take away Time for
Fortification, &c. Jf a Coward is to act his Part by Speech,
Fear gives his To?igue an Ague, and makes him quite Confufed
and Speechlefs. It was the Maxim of a very great Man, /
would rather be confidently Bold, than J'oolifily Timorous. He
that in any little Remonftrance of Danger fears to do well,
will eafily be intimidated and perfuaded to do ill.

One of a fearful Difpofition is of all Men the leaft behold-
ing to Nature, and is the mod unhappy of Beings-, a timo-
rous Mind enjoys nothing; even in Sleep, fome imaginary %hief
is always in his Room and at his Scrutore; he Sweats with the
Idea of a Pi/iol at his Brcaft in every Journey he takes, and the
overturning of his Coach makes him tremble and be unhappy
in magnificent Equipage ; he anticipates and (ends for Misfor-
tunes, and puts them in a more dreadful and tremendous Form,
than is to be done by any Enemy or Accident. Every bafe
FtWowJlrikes when he knows the Hlow will be taken ; and ma-
ny Cowards if they were not k iown would efcape beating, or
thought valiant ; the only thing that Nature has obliged a

Coward

APPENDIX. 39

Coward in, is making the Wounds or Stripes which are given
to a certain Part of the Body lefs dangerous than others, it being
what he chiefly expofes and turns to the Adverfary.

Though the Water may be rough, yet if we maintain an
even Poife and lit ftill in the Boat we are fafe, but if we rife
up in fear of Drowning, we often drown ourfelves and the reft.

There is Wifdom mValour, it cafts an Honour upon God and
fhews our Belief and Truic in his Goodnefs and Providence,
whilft the Coward wickedly and unworthily doubting whether
God can deliver him, docs all he can to eclipfe bib Onmipo-
tency. No Armour can defend from Fear, it makes us Slaves
to the World, to Men and even to Beads if the Coward has a
Guard he fears that, if none he is uneafy for the want of one.
Fear is a weak, vexatious and unprofitable PaiTion, which de-
prives us the Pleafure of a happy Circumilance ; there is no
uieful nor becoming Fear but that of God, and to do III;
let Religion therefore and Reafon rule in the Mind, that this
PaiTion may not domineer, and be allured that Courage in
fome Troubles is better than the weak and trembling PuHe of
Fear in the moil prosperous Circumiiances.

SEC T. XI.

Of Drunkennefs.

IT may be thought extremely unneccfTary in any Addreis or
Cautions to Perlbns in high Life to touch upon a Vice io
low and defpifeablc as Drunkennefs, which as well as the un-
profitable one of Swearing, has. Thanks be to God, been in a
great Meafure banifhed from the polite Work", fr..-m the
Serious and recollecting Part of it, and retired with it-
beaitly Effects to the vulgar Retort of Porters ana Carmen ;
yet it mufl be confciTed, that fome unhappy Peifons oi Figure
and Fortune, in a heedlefs and unguarded h^a.c of Youth,
boafl of this Vice as a manly Vcei : pl:J men:; anc 1 i.s if it was
fome Qualification for Rank in . -\:\r- i ?r 1 z l.1\ . c State, tri-
umph, as Solomon exprefles it, in being hr:->7g to Drink.

I fliall

4 o APPENDIX.

I fliall not enumerate the many deplorable Victims to this
enormous Vice, nor lead you to thofe dark Sepulchres where
lo many young Heirs and Hopes of Families lie mouldering in
Dull for the Gratification of this fhameful Paflion ; how many
fprightly and blooming Youth of Quality and Diftinction, en-
tering into Life with lhength of Parts and Constitution, and
with all the Advantages requilite to form great Men, have
been unfortunately drawn in to this deftructive Vice ; till with
trembling Hands and jaundiced Eyes, full of the Pains of Con-
fumptions and Dropjys, with its many Trains of Difeafes, they
are marching with quick Pace to thofe Beds which they have
fooliihly made in the Darknefs, and prove the pernicious Ef-
fects of Drunken nefs and Intemperance. As wife a Mem as
any of them can pretend to be, puts theie Queftions, and an-
iwers them himfelfj who bath Woe? to whom is Mourning f
to whom is given Wounds without Caufe ? and to whom is red-
?jtfs of Eyes ? they that tarry long at the Wine, they that go and
feek mixt Wine j and concludes with this very fenfible Advice,
look not upon the Wine when it is Red, when it fieweth its Colour
in the Cup and goeth down pleafantly, for in tee End it will Bite
like the Scorpion and Wound like the Cockatrice.

From Drunkennefs as from an infected Fountain flow many
foul Streams of Misfortune and Iniquity, which as fo manyAf-
fociates are always accompanying, always depending upon it.
It defers the Minds of Men, lays open their fecret Propenj: f ys and
what is prudently concealed by Senfe and Sobriety > itir/acteroufly
di '/covers and expefes. This loathiome Vice may rptiy be
termed the Prodigal's Nurfery of Evils, here are his Harlots
and his Jrcfufions, his foohm Boaits of Debauchervs^ here
are his Lifting anu half uttered Jeils and obfeene R'baldrys ;
here are his contentious Quarrels, Cut-th.oating and Murthersj
and what is there which may be called .11, that does not pro-
ceed from this TTfeuife of Humanity, this Abfence of Rea-
fon and Reflection? there is not a Faculty of the Mind nor part
of the Body that it (ices not weaken and impair. By expo-
fing Noah it eclipfed a (Lining v. haracler in Holy Writ. Righ-
teous Lot by this act of Intemperance committed Inceft with

his

APPENDIX. 41

his Daughters ; Amnon was llain by his own Brother in a
drunken Fit, and the great General Holofernes having drowned
his Senfes, and turned and giddicd his Head with Wine, loft
it fliamefully by the Hands of a Woman. It changes the
wife Man into an Tdeot, difapparels the Soul and deprives us
of Realbn, the great Faculty which diftinguifhes the hu-
man from the brutal Nature. In a Word, it anatomifes the
Mind of a weak Man, and clouds and enfeebles the ftrongeft
Judgment. Memory is that noble Recorder of our Actions,
which makes a great Man's former Life pafs in a pleafing Re-
view before him, but as no Life is free from Error, and we may
have Secrets of our oven, or may be entrufled by others who con-
fide in our Honor, when projlituted by this filthy Vice, we
difcover what Prudence and the Safety of ourfehes and others
dictate a Concealment of: We fpeak we know not what, nor
remember what we fpeak, we utter things we ihould forget,
and. forgetting what we have uttered, with Anger and Impre-
cation denv them. Drunkennefs is the Funeral of Wifdom
and Difcretion, which nothing but Sleep, Time, and Abfti-
nence can re (lore ; a Drunkard's Mind and Stomach are both
alike, neither can retain what they receive. With a Man that
Drinks, and a Man joon angry (and the one leads to the o-
ther) there is no cultivating any Friendfhip ; Anger and Pal-
lion are Fevers of the Soul which heat of Drink produce, and
which difpoffelling us of our Senfe and Reflection, that prong
Garri/lu m the Citadel of Man, open the Mouth very idly as
well as offhijivcly, and gives every Enemy advantage of us.

Drunkennefs is the Blemifti of our Times, in deilroving
our Youth, it deftroys the Strength of the Nation, and dulls
and inervates the braved. Spirits ; the Courage of Drimkenne',^
is only a Flajh, does no honourable Execution, and the Enemy s
it Charges arc commonly as hiv and mean as the Attack ; how
charming to our Morning Reflections and return of Reafon,
are the Lifts of our i:anquijhcd Foes f old IVjincn, j'ceble /Patch-
men, Waiters, &c. &c. csV. with thofe glorious Feats of Arn:>
oKM-OLtSHED Windows, and ^W the ragged 'Trophy) , torn Shirts
and hruifed Juices of fueh -noble and gallant Riots. Philip of Ma-
cedon deipifed the Pcr/ians, and would not make War agunfl
(hem, when he heard, that Dr'?>i':,';?r-'f; was their national

Vice.

42 APPENDIX.

Vice, for poor Wretches laid he, they are ruining themfelves
without me. This was the Poifon which killed Alexandtr the
Great, and the Scythians were fuch Practifers of it, that it
proverbially grew into their Name. Though the Heathens Tem-
pled and adored Bacchus whom they ftiled God of Wine, yet
in many Afcriptions to him they feemed to mock and dijhonour
him, they pictured him with the Furies for his Guard, his
Chariot was drawn with the Lynx and the Tyger, and the Beajh
which they made facred to him were Goats and Swine, as juft Em-
blems of them who frequently honoured him with exceflive
Draughts ; and with others offered up to him beajlly Sacrifices of
themfelves. Let then Rakes and Debauchees laugh at you for be-
ing Sober, I am fure Drunkennefs is the properefl Subject for
Laughter and Ridicule, the Jejl will turn upon themfelves,
and every Day which fucceeds a Debauch, every fwimming
Eye, fevered Body, boiling Stomach, offenfive Fumes and fickened
Brain of a Drunkard, prove the foregoing to be juft Invectives.
I have often laughed at the foolifh but frill fevere Epitaph of
Timocreon the Redian, related by Lilius Giraldus in his Lives
of the Poets j

Malta bibens, turn multa vorans, ?nale denique dicens
Multis, hie fit us efi Timocreon Rhodius.

To conclude,
How Melancholy is the Sight of a bright and great Genius
under fuch an Eclipfe ; to fee a Man in one Part of the Day,
above the common Rate of Mortals in Oratory, fine Senfe and
Judgment, and at another Part below the Brutes, guilty of an
Excefs which they cannot be whipt into. As Prefervatives a-
gainft this fijameful Vice, I could heartily with that young
Gentk?nen of Family, Fortune and Dijlinflion, defigned by
Birth and Education to adorn Camps, Counfels and Senates,
would convert fuch a Madnefs rather than Amufement, to man-
ly and rational Diverfions, and the Exercife and Practice of
Arts either Military or Civil j that their Places of Refort
might be fitted with In/lruments fo as to conftitute them little
Academys of Initrucfion and Proficiency ; that they would
raife and recruit their Spirits with moderate Draughts, but not

continue

APPENDIX. 43

continue Co long at the Bottle, as to dull and ftupify them,
and be the Jeffs and Remarks of all Spectators.

There are innocent, noble and illoeiive Entertainments for
Youth of Birth and Fajhion, and what noble Exercifes and
Diverfions were in life with the fourijlnng Romans, they had
their Compitales, Scenicos, Ludicros, etc. all which were as
Schools to their Youth ; were Leffons as well as Diver/ions,
teaching them Virtue, Oratory, Aclivenefs and Magnanimity ;
They banidied and prohibited the Bacchanalia of their Youth
as deftrudtive of their Manners, promotive of Vice, and tend-
in 2; to the Ruin, as they afterwards proved, of that great Empire - y
which was enervated, and fell by its Luxury s, Effeminacy*
and Debauchery.).

SECT. XII.

Virtue and good Behaviour the true Characterijlicks
of Noble and great Men.

"MIE ivrv Name of Nobleman fuppofes Virtue and Ho-
nour, nor has a Country any thing more Ornamental
or Glorious than its ancient Nobility. That Mind is truly Bafe
and Vulgar that will not revere the Noble Blood that has run
untainted through fucceeding Generations. The Power and
Greatnefs of a bad Man gives Vigour to Vice, and where
there is a Mind and Means to do Evil, it is a Misfortune to
be imcontroulable \ for Power, Titles and Fortune, are Auxilia-
ries to loofe and fenfual PaiTions. Such a one tami/Jjes the
Honor of his Birth, and the Brightnefs of his Anceflors make
his own Darknefs more palpable. An underbred and de-
bauched Man of a great aud ancient Family, is like a verv
clown ilh and ill figured Actor in a genteel Play, he difgrace*
both the Plot and the Poet ; whereas Virtue and good Beha-
viour in a Man of the obfeureft Parentage, honours and dignify s
him, he is like a Dimond accidentally mixt amongft Pebbles,
may be negletled by die undijlijiguijhing Vulgar, but the wife
Lapidary gathers it up as a Valuable Jewel.

f 2 It

44 APPENDIX.

It is the Glory and Dignity of the prefent Age, that many
Noblemen and illuftrious Perfonages, have added by their
improved Abilitys and Fortunes, to the ancient Honour and
Nobility of their Familys ; have gained new Titles by new
Virtues and Acquirements > but where it is otherwife, and the
undent bright Flame of Honour and Virtue is dwindled and
extinguijhed, in fuch cafe the Goodnefs and Antiquity of a
Family rather expofe and degrade than honour the Defcendant.
The bad Morals and Plebeian MeanneiTes of the noble Of-
fering of great Anceflors bring Tears from every Friends Eye,
that remembered fuch Houfes in their former Sate and Glory.
Family Pictures are moft melancholy Furniture in that Houfe
where its Lord has degenerated from the wife Conduct and noble
Behaviour of his Ancejlors.

SECT. XIII.

Scandal and Defamation, too low Juices for Perfonx

in. High Life,

A S the Evils of Scandal and Defamation , or to ufe the
jL\_ more common and proper terms of Abufe and Scurrility,
proceed from the low Clafs of Mankind, I would weed them
out of noble Gardens and chafe them from Perfons in high Life,
as unbecoming their Rank and Quality ; I would have the Man
of Fajhion and Di/iinction, as amiable for Good Nature and
Greatnefs of Mind, as remarkable for his Magnificence of
Drefs and Equipage. I would have him caft a Luftre of Be-
neficence on all around him, and every thing he fpeaks to, or
of Men, mew his Humanity and fine Breeding. Thofe that
drf'rve Cenfure and Reproach, a Man of Quality mould' not
know, at leall be lb i?itimate with, as to know his Vices and Im-
perfections ; as nothing but Light and Chearfulnefs are re-
flected by the Sun, fo nothing that is bafe, nothing but Bene-
ficence and Good-will to Mankind mould proceed from the
High and Noble. In things uncertain a bad Conftruction mufl
needs flow from a bad Mind, and a bad Mind ' joined to a
Perfon Noble and Right Honourable by Birth, is inconfiftent \
Affability and Generojity are two glorious Pearls in a Coronet ;

and

APPENDIX. 45

and knowing that all Civility and good Manners muit be thrown
cut of the Converfation that is Abufive and Opprobrious, a
^(W il/tftf is fo cautious of injuring another by //7<"(> Cenfure,
and ill Nature, that he would rather firain a little to lave and
defend, than be loud in defaming and calumniating a fellow
Creature. A great Alan tells us, he grieved to fee how many
injured themfelves by wronging others, and how a Man of Sa-
tyr and evil Invective was hated and avoided.

There is not a greater Prefer vative from this Vice, than to
Study and know ourfelves and our own Errors ; then would out
wife and good Saviour's Caution be obferved, and he alonj that
is without Sin would be ready to caft a Stone. All the Ac-
tions of Men are Mifcellaneous, fom Good, fome Evil ; and.
it were to be heartily wifhed, that in this Cafe, we ob-
ferved the Golden Rule, that we loved our Neighbours as our-
fives, who are defirous all our Good mould be known, but In-
du/lrious to [mother and conceal the Bad.

It is a Mark of good Senfe and good Nature, to weigh
Mens Actions in a juft Ballance,. and fee whether the good or
the bad ones preponderate ; if the former we perform a very
inhuman Part, for a few Errors to condemn much Worth; it is
not one bad Action (unlefs very attrocious and enormous)
that fhould blacken the whole Man, if he has many good Qua-
litys they mould be Pleas for and make us caft a Veil over his
/// ones.

SECT. XIV.

Of Humility , that lovely Drefs of People of

Quality.

N" O T H I N G adorns a high Station like Humility, a.
proud Man walks among drawn Daggers pointed againft
him, but the Humble and Affable have all Men for their
Guard. Humility -o our Superiors is Duty and Decency ; it
is becoming and g '\$ upon cur Equals, and to our Infe-
riors it is Cburtefy, g:od Nature, Dignify and true Grandeur.
The 7/e/v Scriptures if Men would be :// and good enough to

perufe

46 APPENDIX.

penile them, abound with Inftances of divine Humility and
of the Checks which are given to Pride and Arrogance j of
all Trees God has choien the Vine a low Plant, that creeps
upon the Wall ; but it produces valuable Fruit. Amon^
Beafls, the meek and inoffenfive Lamb was the Appellation of
the Son of God. Among Birds, the mild and innocent Dove
was the Image to exprefs the Sweetnefs and Harmleflhefs of
the divine Nature. Our Saviour is called the Rofe of the Field
and the Lilly of the Vally, and when God appeared to Mofes
it was not in the lofty Cedar , nor in the Jlurdy Oak, nor in the
ivide fpreadi?ig Palm Tree, but in a Bujh, that low and humble
Plant ; by all which Choices, beautiful Metaphors, Images and
Figures, the lovely Virtue of Humility is dictated and recom-
mended to us. It is the Drejs of the Mind which is truly or-
namental, nor does any one appear at Court in fo graceful and
becoming a Habit as the Nobleman or great Man that is
c loathed with Humility.

An old Friend went to wait upon a Priejl in Rome, that
was made a Cardinal, who hardly feemed to know him, and
treated him with great Hauteur and Dijdain, upon which he
took his Leave, and waited upon him the next Day in deep
Mourning, upon which his Eminence afked him why he ap-
peared in Black, who anfwered, for the Death of your Hu-
mility, and with zfecret Contempt of him turned upon his Heel
and departed.

No Benefits nor Services fink deep in the Mind of a proud
Man, for he thinks them due to his Greatnefs or fancied Me-
rit, and therefore very feldom rewards them. To prefer or
promote a proud Man is Weak and Injudicious, for he can do no
Good, will do much Mifchiefi and create many Reflections on
his Patrons.

SECT. XV.

Of Honejly.

"^HER E are acts of Difhonefty from which
Riches and a high Station in a great Mcaiure fecure

Men,

APPENDIX. 47

Men, but there are departures from Honour and Jufice,
which are too perceiveable in all Ranks and Conditions of
Men. It has been obferved with fome Sarcafm by a great
Author that the Temple of Honour feems to have been removed,
and to be fet up like an Arbour in the Wildernefs ; Honour
like a true and noble Virgin, will never agree to grace the bold
Raviflier, fhe muft be won byjuft, legal, and virtuous Propo-
sals ; and to offer Violence to fuch Beauty and Innocence, is
to arm all the fober, the fenfible and rational World again (1
us. Honour and Ju/lice fatten Friends, and link Men to us
in the Chains of Affection. They are the be/l Friends which
Plonour and Virtue purchafe ; when we are in Power and lift-
ed up above the common Rank of Men, they will guard us a-
gainft the dangerous Affaults of Envy ; nor will the Love they
produce abate if we mould fall. Bad as the World is there are
virtuous Men enough in it to compofe a Jury that will find Difhon-
our and Injuftice Guilty j let us then preferve Honour in a great
Station, put it on like a rich Jewel in high Places and Palaces,
we mall then experience that it will preferve our Perfons and
Characters, and where the 'Prince is a good one, will rivet us
in his Favour and Friendfip. There are many Uneafincjjes
which attend a want of Honour and Juftice : Though the
Perfons of Men may be privileged and Je 'cure, clamorous Cre-
ditors are a difagreeable Retinue, and to have our PaJ/age barred
by thofe we cant with common Modeffy be angry with, is ex-
tremely Vexatious. This puts me in Mind of a very extrava-
gant Gentleman who going out, very angrily faid to his Stew-
ard that was with him, pray order me more Attendants, I am
aihamed to go out with fo few People - 3 upon which the hone/!
Man, who wanted to be difmifed from the Trouble and Dif-
o-race of his Service, told him if his Honour would wait till the
next Morning, he would have Attendants enough, for he had
appointed his Trade/men to come with their Accounts, which
gave him a fudden Turn of Refection, and without any Paf-
ilon or Anger, he thanked the blunt and well-meaning Steward*.
and reiblved to alter his Conduct.

SECT.

APPENDIX.

SEC T. XVI.

Of Difficulties attending Men of Fortune^ and fome
additional Rules and Examples of Conduct.

IT appears a great Fafk upon human Nature, and extreme-
J^ ly Dangerous to be Rich and Profperous, which often lifts
up Alen above themje/ves, like Ovid's Giants to fling Mountains
'M Heaps, and blinded with their airy Happinefs, to forget
their Duty both to God and their fellow Creatures. Too much
Profperitv feeds our Vices, and makes us neglect all Study, but
how to add to our Greatnefs ; to live always in the hot Climate of
Profperitv changes and taunys the fairefl Complections of Nature ,
and which is verv jirange and unaccountable, nothing carry s
us lb far from God and our Religious Duties, as the Favours
and (railing ''Providences which he is pleated to impart to us. Jt
i the Miferv of the Poor to be neglected of Men, and it is the
frequent Misfortune, and will be the final Mifery of the Rich
to neglect their God. It is no fmall Abatement to the Incon-
veniencies of Adverflty that they teach us the Way to Heaven ;
but it is a great one to the Felicities of the Rich, that they of-
ten put them in a contrary Road ; hence let us learn Contentment
with our Station ; if Rich be thankful to the kind Doflor and
Penehic'tor, if without a great Fortune or high Station, to
think ourfelves Happy, that we are without the many Cares
that attend them. Who Whi files r Ait more Satisfaction than the
io-ii i or tuned Ploughman? And to be out of the prying Pre of
[ealoufy and Ambition, is to be out of the dangerous F.'ivx of
the World. In the Virtues of the Mind we mould endeavour
th it none mould be richer than ourfelves, and in all Fortunes
ild preferve Innocence, a Quality which gives Man in a
Degree the Nature of God. Power and Fortune mould pro-
duce no Infult nor Overbearing ; for there is no Creature fa

.' but may do us a Mifchief no Man (o low but may have
7. Op: 'ortunity of hurting us j the Spider has his Poifon, the

its Sting, and the little Fly can troubh and annoy us.

APPENDIX. 49,

In all fenfitive Creatures Nature has put fuch a kind of vin-
dictive Juftice, that in ibme manner or other they are able to
return an Injury ; but Man hath a more able and impatient
Soul, more fufceptible of Injury, and though Reafon teaches
him not to be furious, yet the fame teaches him not to be
too tame and unmanly. Great Injuries often rouze an extre-
mity of Good Nature to an extremity of Revenge, as a Loro that
is hardeji to be bent fends out an Arrow with the greatefi Force.
Great Patience provoked beyond itfelf often turns to the fiercefl
Rage.

How do Hiftorians fet forth Examples of the virtuous
and inoffenfive Deportment of the Romans of DijlinBioji, and
of their felf denials to preferve the Dignity of their Stations.
Notwithstanding Scipio Africanus, that young Roman Lord had
the Jlrong 'FaJJions of other Men, yet he would not gratify them
at the Expence of his Honour and Character, and a remarkable
Act of Virtue and Continency is recorded oi him by Titus Livius
and other Hiftorians. After he had taken new Carthage in Spain,
a young Lady was brought a Frifoner before him, who was fo
Beautiful that (lie ravifhed his and every Eye that beheld her, but
he I titled his own Flame, preferved from others, and reflored her
fate to her Friends, if I were, fays he, a Soldier only 1 would
indulge this Paffion, but being Commander of an Army I will
not hurt her ; Polybius reporteth that he thus anfwered the
Perfons that brought her to him ; " there is no Capture, no Pre-
" lent where in I could take more Delight were I a private Man,
" but becaufe I command others, I am refolved to fet an Ex-
<c ample of Honour and refrain from it/' which Anfwers, though
they feem to tolerate fuch Vice in private Men, give us hczc-
ever this ufefull Hint, that it is a Eafenefs only fuited to Tle-
beian Minds, and that a General, an Officer and a Gentleman,
mould Scorn fuch Acts of Lewdnefs and Diihonour, and avoid
the Barbarity of ruining Innocence, and injuring a Family be-
yond Reparation.

When the Ancients law their Youths inclining to Lewdnefs
and unlawful Pleafures, and of bad and corrupt Hearts ; they
confidered of fundry Methods to turn them from their Vice*,
and to inure them to Hcnour and Virtue ; they knew that en-

:: r ; iir

so APPENDIX.

t icing Pleafures and foft Effeminacys infeeble the Sonl, over-
throw all Good Nature, cloud the Underftanding, and pro-
duce many Imprudencies and Ruins. A great Author remarks
very ferioufly and juftly, that fo foon as Vice is committed,
Regret and Repentance iucceed, in which interval or rack of
Confcience, the Man feels the Sting of the Pleafure that
deceived him.

Thofc wife Ancients had their little Tales and Fables to form
their noble Youth into Virtue, under the Cover of entertain-
ing their Children. To teach them Care and Watchful nefs
againlt the Y ices of the Age, and not to lay themfelves too
open to an infinuating World, they had the excellent and
well known Fable of the Crab and the Oy/ler in great Vogue
among them, which watching the Opportunity of the Oyfter's
banking and opening its Shell, is feigned to put a little Stone
to prevent its jlmt ting again, and by that Means eafily gets in
and deftroys it. Thus do many young Perfons confume their
Time in Idlenefs and Sauntering, and their Hearts and
Thoughts being open to vicious Pleafures, a Temptation intrudes
and offers itfelf when not being able to fl:ut the Shell of Pru-
dence and Reafon that would preferve them, they are feduced
and ruined. We mould therefore refiit the Jirfi Approaches of
Vice, which when encouraged in the Mind and the Thoughts,
are not eafily difplaced.

For the Induction and Caution of Youth, the Ancients
painted Syrens fitting in a fine and pie af ant Garden, but fur-
rounded with Carcafes and dead Mens Heads \ intimating that
Lewdnefs and Vice are pleafant in their firjl Appearance, but
are accompanied with Shame, Ruin and Death.

James Boissard very eminent for Images and Emblems,
to mew that the Fruits and Effects of loofe Pleafures, though
Sweet at the Beginning, have a galling Sting in the End,
painted a Bee-hive with this Motto, Delect at et Angit.

It was wifely laid by Scipio to Maffinijfa, that we mould

iot fo much fear armed Enemys, as vain and vicious Plealures

which apply themfelves to our Pafiions, and affault us on every

Side ; he obferved that /landing Walls are no Defence where

jinking Morals are obfervable, and another fays, that they are

Princes

APPENDIX. 51

Princes and Lords, Jit to be called fo, that can matter their
P/V and conquer their PaJJions. It is reported by an Au-
thor called Vives, that in a certain City of Spain, the no-
ble Youth abandoning themielves to Luxury, and only ftu-
dying Pleafures and Divcrfions which were not at all pro-
fitable to their Minds nor Bodys, and made them neither
Wife nor Learned, to the great Grief of the aged and ferious
Patriots, who from fuch bad Beginnings conjectured tha
Ruin of the State ; had daily Coniultations how to Remedy
theie Diforders ; when one amongfr. them propofed the
following Scheme ; having obferved that they were might-
ily given to, and were wholly governed by Women, he
counlelled that every Man mould fpeak to his Daughter,
Niece, Ward, or even Female Servant, that they mould dif-
encourage and turn their Backs upon all Dancers, Fops,
yefiers, Sots, Gamefters, &c. fhew them no Grace nor Fa-
vour, nor admit into their Companys any but fenjible, mode/l,
fober and prudent young Men, as thofe who would be the
Safeguards of Parents, their Houfes, Fortunes, Country,
and their Lives, in a Danger which then threatened them ;
and that on the contrary, it would be hajlencd and their Ruin
com pleated by thofe of a contrary Stamp and Character ; this
Couujel as ibon as it was imparted to all the Women, was care-
fully put in Execution, and no young Men of loofe Characters
and Behaviour were admitted to their Converfation ; upon this
the Youth of that City who were naturally Grave and Polite,
and who rightly judged that the Converfation of the Fair was
the greater! Entertainment, and inured Men to a gentlenefs
and civility of Manners and Behaviour, became in a little Time
fo changed and altered, and gave themfelves to fuch laudable
Couries and Practices, that they every Day became more and
more fit for managing of Affairs, both Publick and Private ;
and from that Time this City began to Floriili and Profpc
more than in any preceding Age.

g 2 s e c ';

52 A P P E N D I X.

SECT. XVII.

Of Oeconomy.

TH E next thing I would obferve is the neceffity of
Prudence and Oeconomy, in Men of Rank and Fortune^
of being careful of an EJiafe, without Avarice and Mean-
nefs, and Generous without Profujion and Prodigality, not
departing from the Nobleman and Afa>>z o/' Faflnon, nor yet
reducing themfelves to Subjection and Dependence on their
Inferiors in Power. Few wife Men pity thofe who have fpent
their whole Eflates, and brought themfelves to Beggary and
Misfortucs by Luxury, that Bane of Empire, and Deftruction.
of Individuals, whereby the Nature of Things becomes in-
verted, the empty Lord cringing to the loaded Peajant, and
the Peafant infulting the impoverijhed Lord -> to confirm
which Obfervation, I have fome where read of a great Prince
that was petitioned in Behalf of one of his Court, that
had confumed a great Eftate by Luft and Luxury, and had
created fo many Debts that he could have no Credit for
the Neceflarys of Life, and was alio in. Danger of being caft
into Prifon ; upon which the King replied, " that if he had
" fpent his Fortune in the Service of his Prince, or for the
" Good of his Country, or in the Relief of poor Kindred.;
" though he might not altogether have acquitted him of In-
" difcretion, yet he would have favoured his Petition, but as
" he had fpent fo much upon his Body, it was fit his Body
u mould fmart for it.

The Lofs of Fortune is the trueft Glafs to fee the Compac-
tion of worldly Friends ; we feldom want their Civilitys and
Compliments, till we want their Favours, and the Perfon of
meaneft Birth and Behaviour, poifemng great Riches, has more
Refpect paid him than a necemtous Nobleman ; this is a mov-
ing Caution to Prudence and Oeconomy, To engage in no

expenfive

APPENDIX. 53

expenfive enterprifes and Services upon Promifes and political
Chimeras, but to take care of our own Vines our own Figtrees >
which are pleafanter to fit under, than the tranfitory Sunfiine
of a Court j that high Sea where the 'Pirate called Envy al-
ways meets us with his black En/ign of Slaughter and Mifchief.
A certain dying Statefman's Letter to his Son has thefe mov-
ing Expreflions : " By the Expence of forming and keeping
" up our Family Interejl I leave you a very fmall Eftate and
" large Debts, the latter upon my deceafe, will only affect the
" poor People that have truited me, and I leave you Trivelege
l '- and Protection from any Infult they may give you, or any
" compuliive Law with regard to Payment j but pray Son be
" diligent to clear my Allies and Memory if poffible from
" Reproach, and if Fortune pitches on you with her golden
c< Wings, and puts it in your Power, think the Cafe of in-
fc jured Tradefmen a moft affecting and compaffionate one, re-
" member Son, that you as well as I have been cloathed and fed,
<c and great part of our Grandeur and Equipage kept up from
" their Labour and Confidence. The Demonftration of fuch a
" good Heart, juft Principle, and the laff Duty and grateful Af-
" lection you can mew to a tender Parent, will give you more
' Honour and Dignity than Thrones can beftow : But if you
" fail in your honeft Purfuit of Ability and Fortune for fuch
<c noble Purpofe, and you mould not be able to do it live
" frugally and within your narrow Income ; add no more Re-
" proiches to our Family. Blow up no vain Bubles in your
<{ Imagination. And confider that the Weather about Courts
' is very changeable. Endeavour to deferve other Honours than
" what great Defcent or Family Titles give you, for if thofe
cc are your only Merit, you receive Honour from your An-
" ceftors but do them none."

Affability without Meannefs and over acting the Part, Free-
dom of Accefs ; Fidelity in Promifes, or making none; friend-
ly Viiits rather than crouded Lcvys, Perfeverance in Loyalty
and Affection to the Prince, without Dijgujf and peevifi Op~
fofitiotiy are the true Characteriftkks of a great Man.

c c T

54 APPENDIX.

SECT. XVIII.

Ije Excellency of a chew it able and benevolent

Difpoftion.

Man with a great Mind as well as great Fortune ^ never
receives fuch Pleafure as from the Reflection of doing
Good; if he grants a Favour, it is in fuch a manner as dou-
bles the Obligation, and if he refufes it, 'tis for fuch juft and
honed Reafons as fatisfy the Petitioner. He never flings Be-
nefit; at a Fellow Creature as we do Food to Dogs, nor makes
the Bed of Affliction more hard and uneafy by Upbraidings and
Rcvilings. He never Probes a Wound meerly to give Pain,
nor uies his Lancet only to tear it open and torture
the Sufferer ; and his Words and Actions have a per-
fect Intelligence with each other. If he gives his Word to
ferve you it is undeniable Security, he is great in all his
Actions, nor are his Charitys attended with the leaft Infult or
Barbarity of Exprcflion, or with the leafl Contempt or Deri-
lion of the Ckcumftances he Relieves ; he is fenfible, in the
Expreflions of Scripture, that the Rich and the Poor meet toge-
ther, and the Lord is the Maker of them both. Every Object of
his Charity you would imagine to be a Child, a Brother, or a
near Relation, and that it was a fort of Debt he was paying,
rather than an Aci of Charity ; he performs in an inferior De-
gree what the afflicted Chriftian may expect from the Hand
and Word of God, and according to his Ability wipes away
every Tear from the Eyes of the Unhappy.

The Sight of Diftrefs moves his immediate Relief, and his
Inquiries of the Perfon, and Caufe of the Misfortune, are pofl-
poned til! the prefent Mifery is alleviated. His Engine is al-
ways ready, and he throws his Water on the raging Flame before
lie afks bow the Fire began. The Greatneis and Generoiity
of his Sou], refemble the Suns Rays, which are writer jally
ciliehtenine and ufeful ; not confined to high and wide Streets
->nh r , but to little Lanes and Alleys. Charity and Goodnature

arc,

APPENDIX. 55

are. In a Word, the diftinguifhed Accomplishments of a truly
great Man ; but where there is a fordid narrow Mind, the gilt
and ihewifh Equipage which fuch a Man appears in, and winch
the claihing Pailions of Pride and Vanity ten pt him to Pur-
chafe, onlv expofe and render him ridicuk as. It was vetv
prettily faid at Chichejler^ to a Ccunti) Gentlewoman, who
feeing the late Duke of Richmond \ afked what chat bright Star
was put upon his Breaji for ? That il was a Bill upon
the Doer to defcribe what was within. And, it is certain,
his Grace, had the bright Quality s of Uoodnature and Huma-
nity in the greateft Meafure, and was if I m y fo fpeak, a
Cancellation of facial Virtues'. Whereas nothing moves with
greater Odium than a mean Contra/l of Beha :mr.

A fmart young Lady walking one Day from the Park, to
make a Morning Viiit to a certain Dutchefs of her Acquain-
tance, upon her coming into the Room, laid, dear Lady
Dutches excufe the Liberty, but I have fpoiled the Bottom of
my Petticoats, and have been out of all Patience to fee the
Steps of your Grace's Door fo deplorably dirty, and your next
Door Neighbours as white as Snow., O Child fays me, Mr.

* * * * Member for lives there, and you know no Body

goes near him : Ah but Madam, the very Tradtfmen and Beg-
gars one mould think would leave fome of their Footflcps ;
why Child fays me, he eats nothings wears nothing, and givt .
nothing : The very Mice won't Quarter with him.

'Tis amazing indeed to think there can be fuch Creatures,
fuch forded Animals in Existence, as are often heard of with
immenft 1 ortunes, who are forced to be outwardly Civil to every
one for fear of the puhlick Ridicules, and Confcqucnccs of a
g< neral Contempt. As to Friends he cannot be fuppofed to
have one, that would not give Sixpence to make cue. So that
in one Senfe of the Words, he pcjjejjes as though he pojjejjcd
not; and is a Man of Fortune indeed, but in greater Want,
Scorn and Contempt of Mankind than the poorefr. Beggar.

But to return to the Jir/l noble Object of divine and human
Favour, his "bride is Beneficence, he takes more Plealure in
Cloathing the Naked, and Feeding the Hungry, than in the
Laces and Embroidery s of a Birth Day Suit, or in the Excel-
lence;

56 APPENDIX.

;euces and Sauces of a French Cook ; a plain Suit, and a />/#/#
D'jl\ with the ioyous Reflections of helping thofe that were
ready to Perijh, are the fuperiour Elegancys of his Toft, and
will one Day bring their Bleffings in -full Meafure upon him -,
the poor Attendants of his charitable Gifts and Penfions,
form a daily and noble Levee in his hofpitable Manfion, and
the Prayers and Acknowledgments of their grateful and honefi
Hearts, are more fubilantial and rational Satisfactions than the
fervile Court, low Bows and flattering Compliments of needy
Sycophants, whole Refpect and Civility s depend upon his con-
tinuing in Power and Employment, who is the Object of their
Adulation.

As in all other Virtues, fo in this of Charity, the great
Man I am mentioning acts upon Principle, he has no Orien-
tation, or any other Views of Satisfaction than what the Act
itlelf gives him -, there wants no Company, no Decoys, no
Arts, nor Entertainments, to gain or rather fqueeze from him
a charitable Contribution; the Exigency of the Objects, and
die companionate Cafe move him, without any Stratagem or
Contrivance ; nor is he drawn to any good Office, like Nebu-
chadnezzar's Subjects to a very bad one, who were called to
the linage which he had Jet up, by the Sound of the Sack-
but, Lute, Harp, Pfaltery, Dulcimer, and all Kinds of Mu-
jick : Though the Bulk of his Fortune, his Prudence and Oe-
conomy, are the Provijions which he things it proper to make
for his own, and efpecially for thofe of his own Houfe ; yet he
always contrives that there mail be fome Gleaning, little Rem-
nant or Saving, as a fort of Fund for the Poor and Needy.

The Life of a charitable Man is a publick Blemng, and his
Death like the withdrawn Influence of the Sun, caufes a Win-
ter in his Neighbourhood, where many who were nouri/l.ed
and enlivened by his Bounty, fade and wither.

I cannot clofe this Section without offering my little Mite, of
Honour and Regard to the Memory of a -(-great Nobleman,
who in manylnftances of his Goodnature and Humanity, anfwer-
ed the Defcription I have given of Charity, and of whofeGoodnefs
this Subject particularly reminds me. As he was livelv and chear-

ful

+ Duke of Met-. Jtar-t.

A P P E N D I X. cy

ml himfelf, fo he loved to fee others and contributed to make
them fo, he nobly fympathized with every Diflrefs in his View,
nor felt their Sorrows without relieving them, he truly ?r-
fwered the Scripture Account of a merciful Man, and had
Cornpafiion even on the poor Beaji whom he faw too heavily
leaded and too old and weak for his Burthen, it is affirmed of him,
that feeing a poor worn-out Horfe groaning under the Shafts and
> .//;. Whipping by the more brutal Carman^ he enquired and im-
mediately drove to the Matter or Owner of him, and purchased
and turned him fbr Life into one of his own Pa/iurcs.

SECT. XXIX.

A Caution to youn? Noblemen.

Rich Orphan as well as a poor one, is an Object of
Diftrefs. Youth of every Hank and Condition, want the
Experience, Difcretion, and Wifdom of Age to guide them-.
The worldly Smiles and courtmips which attend a young Heir of
Fortune, kill him with their Kindneis and Civility, he has loft that
paternal Care, Council and Reproof, which are Frefervatives of
Youth. The forgiving Arms and Embraces of a tender and affec-
tionate Parent, are greatly preferable to the Slights and ill Treat-
ment of a World and falfe Friends, after a Fortune is fpent and
confumed, for as foon as a young Man becomes Matter of an
Fixate, his PaiTions too often become Matters of him, And
the Name 01 Phaeton is given to a fort or Vehicle, as if to in
timate the Pofnbility of its Owner and fierce Driver, to de-
ftroy and ruin himfelf and others.

If veu attain Poicer and high Station, and are confequently
furrounded with Flatterers and Sycophants, do nothing f

apam

Li ie

it Honour and Conicience : Ii even vour intimate Frien!

Relatione are bad Men, hurt not the State nor reproach
vourfelves by preferring them, left you appear to be a \vt ik
Man, or that ~ au love your friend better than your Count/)
'>: vourfclf, vv-hich is unn'tural and no where required.

S S A P P E N D I X.

If you arc Covetous, your Houfe will become a melancholy
and uncomfortable Solitude ; Moth and Ruft will canker your
Coin, and only Thieves nnd deiigning Men pay their Court to
you, robbing you of your Money and your Reafon, with their
tempting Premiums. Never defpife or neglect a poor Rela-
tion, nor on the contrary lift him up above his natural Sphere
or 'Province ; provide for him and help him in his own Station
and Profemon, leaf! you blind him with your Glare of Kindnels,
and in the End ruin him. This reminds me of a certain facetious
Author who has this entertaining Story : A poor Hnfband-
man once claimed Kindred with Robert Grot/head, Biihop of
Lincoln , and upon that Claim, afked him to beftow fome Of-
fice upon him ; Con/in faid the Biihop, if your Cart be broke
I'll pay for the Mending of it ; if your Plow be old I'll give
vou a new one, or if you have no Seed to Sow your Land
I'll buy you fome, but a Hujbandman I found you, and a
Hujbandman I'll leave you.

Permit me to fum up all my free but I hope wholefome Di-
rections, with a Sentence taken out of ^puleius, " If thou praife
" a Man becaufe he is Noble ; thou praife/l his Race ; if becaufe
" of his Riches, it is a Compliment to his Fortune j but if thou
" praife and 'ejleem him becaufe he is Studious, Learned and Vir-
11 tuous, it is ju/l Commendation, and thou praifejl and defcrib-
" ejl a Man indeed; for thefe Virtues come not merely by Suc-
i( ceflion from Father or Mother, are not fubject to the Change
" of Time, nor yet die with the Body."

fni- End of tiif, Oeconomy of high Life.

S U P P L E-

SUPPLEMENT

To THE OECONOMY OF HIGH LlFE.

A Collection ofjome great ami remarkable Characters.

THE Landgrave of Hejfen was a Prince exceedingly be-
loved by the Proteftants, he being a conftant Defender of
their Religion, and very firm in his Friendihip with his Aliys and
Confederates, never Jailing in his Promi/e, though inevitable
Ruin thereby appeared to his Dominions. Therefore did the
King of Swethlcind to mew his Affection, when he fell
to praife any one, never forgot the Landgrave of Heffen y
and Duke Bernard Weimar , affirming that thole two young
Princes furpaffed the gray headed Wits of Germany y and that
the Kingdom wherein they were had reafon to Boah:. The
Landgrave was of a comely Prefence, his Body well compofed,
he enjoyed a proportionable Activity, and his Afpect was plea-
fmg ; whilff young he went into Holland, and lived under
the Difcipline of the great Maurice, Prince of Orange ; by obey-
ing whom he learned how to Command, as Students get Learn-
ing from good Mailers, lb he, feconded by his warlike Genius,
learned in this famous School that exquifitenefs which is required
in a perfect General. Going afterwards to Holland he vifited
all the feveral States of Europe, and through a general Know-
ledge which he acquired, he knew fo worthily, politically, and.
iudicioufly to behave himlelf, as that his Superiors reverenced
him out of Duty, loved him out of Affection, and out of
Gratitude adored him ; the Soldiers out of Wonder admired
him, and took Glory to obey him; and happy was the Man
who by any Action could outftrip another, that fo he might
obtain Thanks from him, or but one gracious Look. The
Gravity of his Condition mixt with Affability to Inferior.-,
won the Praife of all Tongues ; he lived like a Prince, died like
a Soldier, and treated every one like a Man, he pad away h'n,
ieifure Hours in exerciiing his Arms, in the perulal oi~ good
Books, and in Drawing, and Defigning; he had wont to fay,
a Prince had no greater Enemy then Reft, that when the Bo-
dy was at quiet, the Mind was moil unquiet, and that the
Labour of the Body did quiet the Intellect - t he affected not

h 2 Pomp ;

60 SUPPLEMENT.

Pomp 5 be was not fubject to Ambition ; and he ufed no Subtle-
ties ; lie held that Gravity in a Soldier, was a Vizard or Malic,
which made Men miitake how he v/as affected ; for to him that
makes Honour his greateft and chiefeft Incitement; the greateil
Pleasure lie can have, and the greateil: Reward he can receive, is
Honour; he (aid, that fome Men were iikc dijgiajtd Muiitiers, who
being let upon a couragious Horfe, and thinking it to be their ac-
c uitomed Mule, they through Indifcretion run headlong upon
the Rocks of Hatred and Difaffedtion. Fijbes by the Hook,
and Birds by the Net, are taken by fuch Baits as are proper
for their Nutriture, not with Meat contrary to their Nature.

He put no great Valuation upon * lafcivious and foppiflj Men,
nor accounted them better than Women ; he faid he could, not
think they had any Heart, who taking it off from Glory, had
bafely imprifoned it in the fickly Thought of effeminate Plea-
fure ; Anger bailed no longer in him, than did the Fire lair
which firff kindled it; as he was apt to take up Anger, fo he
was apt to lay it down, and though it blazed a little, it ivent
cut, even like a Fire of Straw ; he mightily blamed thofe
who referving a private Hatred in their Breaft, did revenge
themfeves by their powerful Hand, and detefted their Actions,,
who armed with their Princes Authority, made ufe thereof to
compafs their own odd Ends ; he faid, it was a Sign of Bafe-
nef< to refent any thing done by an Inferiour, or one of leis
Power ; that not to confider one private Pafhon, when the
publick Intereft was in Queftion, was the Effect of a generous
Mind ; in brief, he was very punctual of preferving
hi; good Name, which employing all his Endeavours there -
unto, lie obtained ; and he was conftant in his Defign in be-
v . thought conftant unto his Friend, or wherein his Friend
was concerned: not regarding even Reafon of State, when
hi.i Pro-mile was once paft, he would rather be thought Indif-
. rcct then falfe of his Word ; nay, he would maintain that
Reafon to be falfe which would have a Prince be like a Clock,
which (lands itill or goes about, only as driven by the Coun-
terpoife- of his own Intereft; alledging, that thofe Princes, who..
:b euiily tack about, diftrufting all Men, though they become

not
Mcrjrr.x: have y-Ivcn the Name of Fribbles.

SUPPLEMENT. 6r

nt a Prey to their Enemy, they reft: at lad inflaved to their
own Minds, for their Fear of repenting, is fure to make thtm
Repent. To conclude, if the Landgrave who was known to
be one of the worthier]: Princes in all Germany, had known
how to hide, at leaft to dilTemble his perfect hatred againft the
Romanics, no doubt but his very Enemies would have com-
mended him, and would have confeft him, to be a Prince de-
ferving all Honour, and a better Condition ; but both by his
Tongue and by his Deeds, he expreft himfelf too bitterly a-
gainft them upon all profered Occafions, and Otherwife than
became the Qualities he was endowed withal, which did much
letTen his Renown. Amongft many things he laid, he was
went to injift much upon one, though upon falie Grounds,
to wit, that it might be permitted to fome of regular Ojrders
of Friars, to keep Academys and Schools of fecular Sciences,
ailedging for his Reafon, that every religious Order mould bo
like a Republick, which always aims at its own Prefervation
and Intereft of Greatnefs, by feafoning its Pupils during
their younger Years, in the Rules of their feveral Orders, bur
that they make them only fit for a Pulpit or Quire, and fo de-
prive their Prince of many a Subject, who if employed icme-
times in Civil or State Affairs, might have proved very bene-
ficial to their King and to their Country.

Ferdinand the Second, Emperor of Germany, was
one of the moll religious Emperors that ever was in Christendom,
having always preferred Religion, and divine Woriliip, before
his own Intereft of State ; inftead of Peace he had the conti-
nual Vexation of War, wherein increasing in Glory (the King
of S-ivct bland not being yet entered Germany, nor Waleftine be-
ing difcharged from his Place of General) all Germany appear-
ed to Reverence, and Bow unto him, which none of his Pre-
deceftors had obtained, though many of them had endeavour-
ed it. He was a Prince of a ianguine and manlike Complexi-
on, of a middle Stature, and majeftical Afpedt j his Exercifes
were Hunting and Mufick, the one for the Exercife of his
Body and the Delight he took therein, the other for the Glo-
rv of God, and to Solace his Spirit, bent upon the Intereft or
tl\c Empire ; in thefe he fpent the idle Mours of his Reign,

and

62 SUPPLEMENT.

and much Money. Who beheld him could not chufe but
Love him, and whofoever heard him fpeak would confefs he
was beholden to him; his Pretence was affable, his Look
mild, his Voice pleafing, his Gefture grave and comely, at-
tracting the Goodwill of the Lookers on in all his Actions, lie
lived eighteen Years a crowned Emperor, in which time he
conftantly maintained fix Wars, in five of which he was Vic-
torious;- to wit, againft Bethlem Gabor, Prince of lranfihania ;
againft the Prince Elector Palatine, and thole that fided with
him in Bohemia ; againft Mansfeld the chief Leader of a League
of four Kings ; againft Bftmfwick, and the King of Denmark ;
againft the Duke of Mantua, and at laft againft the King of
Swethland -, in which War, if in the Battle of Leipzick, and
in other Encounters, his Armies had the Worft, it was eafily
fcen that the Blame and Injuftice of the War of Mantua,
whereunto he was perfuaded by the Self-intereft of his Mini-
fters of State, could not efcape unpunifhed, and unrevenged
before the Tribunal of Juftice ; nor the Extortions ufed by
his Soldiers in Lombardy, left unpunifhed.

Some affirm, that as to his former SuccefTes and
Victories, no whit at all varying from his accuftomed and na-
tural Modefty, he devoutly paid his Acknowledgements to
God Almighty by Thankfgiving, that he no lefs in thefe his
Adverfities and laft Misfortunes, did Praife and Glorify him,
whereby he won unto himfelf deferved Credit. He was wont
to fay to them that brought him any ill Tydings, 'tis good, 'tis
God's Pleafure, I am contented. He termed thofe Unhappy,
who died Happy, and thofe Fortunate, who died Unfortunate.
In his Court, Charity, Devotion, and Piety did Flourifh. He
was G!o?'ious in Pardoning, nor did he ever more freely Par-
don than when the Offenders hoped leajl therein ; his Endea-
vours were to have fair Repute, not to be magnified or cried
up j neither did he defire by his Victorys fo much to enlarge
his Dominions, as to increafe his Power of (hewing Mercy.
None of his PredecefTors did ever exceed him in Generofity of
Mind, in extending Favours, in the well accepting of Actions,
and in Sincerity of Good. His rewarding Service received, his

Magnanimity

SUPPLEMENT. 63

Magnanimity of honouring fuch as deferved well, and his De-
monftration of Affection to his faithfulleir. Servants, were io
many Trumpets to invite into his Service even thofe that
lived moil remote from him. Ferdinand was ih very
good in his Government, that his People wonderfully-
loved him, out of meer Gratitude. His Government was
without Contempt, his Greatnefs was without Excels, his
Glory void of Ambition ; he befiowed what was gotten by his
Armies, in adding greater Splendor and Glory to the Worfhip
of the Church, in rewarding fuch as deferved well, and in re-
lieving of his VaiTals. His Confcience could not tolerate the
unfeemlinefs of Herefy ; he detefted Ingratitude, and his na-
tural Magnificency liked not the vulgariety of Cuiloms ; in
brief, good Men lamented his Death, the Soldier bewailed his
Lofs, the Churchmen were afflicted at this Misfortune, and
the People thought that by his Departure the Heavens loft
their Serenity, and the Earth its Fruitfulnefs. He left two
Sons, Ferdinand King of the Romans, Leopold Archduke of
Aujlria ; and two Daughters, Anna Maria, married to Max-
ami li an Duke of Bavaria ; and Cicely, married to StaniJIaus
King of Poland.

John Tcherctas Count of Tilly, General of the Im-
perial and Bavarian Forces, was a Commander of tried Valour
and of great Experience ; his Defcent was not great among the
Walloons ; in his Youth with continual Patience perfevering in the
Dutys of a private Soldier, and by his peculiar Valour, work-
ing himfelf by degrees from one Preferment to another, he at
hilt to his great Glory, to the Satisfaction of his Princes, and
to the great Advantage of the Roman Religion, arrived at the
Honour of being fupreme Commander ot the Armies of the
Roman Catholick League; wherein he behaved himfelf fo wife-
ly, and with fuch Courage, as being Victor in many Field
Battles, and Vanquisher of many People, he delervedly Merits
to be numbered in the firir. Rank of the famous Commanders
of our Time ; he was of a middle Stature, of a ifrong Com-
plexion, and of a Martial-like Agility, preferving even in his
gray headed Years a Youth -like bodily Strength: He was

zealou>

64. SUPPLEMEN T.

zealous in the Service of his Princes, and a very great Defen-
der of the Roman Qiiholick Religion ; for he was often heard
to fay he would rather run the Hazard of his Life, than mini
the Occasion of well-doing ; his Devotion in all his Actions
was Admirable ; he never went about any Action before he
had humbly beeped of God that the Event mieht be anfwer-
able to his divine Will : 'Tis laid, that if a Man may live a
religious Life in War he did fo. All the Works of this Ge-
neral were commended by the Soldier, and admired by the
People ; his very Enemies not undervaluing him. The only
Thing that might fully his Pioufnefs, was the Cruelty and
Barbaroufnefs committed by his Soldiers at the taking of new
Brandenburg and Magdeburg, which was fuch, as the Romanijh
themfelves were fcandalized at the Report thereof ; many were
of Opinion, that this his want of Companion cried for Ven-
geance from Almighty God, who is not pleafed with Cruelty,
though exercifed affainft Infidels and Barbarians ; and that the
Chaftifement which ufeth to fall upon wife Men, to wit, the
Infatuation of their Wifdom, happened unto him ; for the
Moderation, for which in all his other Acftions he was ad-
mired, being fuffocated by his too great daring, he run pre-'
lumptuoufly to the Battle of Leypfick, which was the Break-
neck of all his Glories ; for had he therein carried himfelf ac-
cording to his wonted Warinefs, many are of Opinion he could
' not have miffed the Glory of happy Succcfs ; and for that one
Misfortune, treads on the Heels of another, as though he had
been unwilling to outlive his Lois, he ended his Life, in the
Bofom of Glory, writing in Characters of his own Blood
to Pofterity, his Eternity of Merits from the Duke of Ba-
I'aria.

John Aldringer, the Bavarian Field Marshal, was
of a lively Spirit, of mature Wifdom, of a refined Underflanding,
and of a Valour leveled to great Enterprizcs ; his Counfels were
accompanied with the Freedoms of Voice, with part Examples,
and Forefight of the Future, infomuch, that in all Confutations
held, they were prcfercd before the Advice of any others ; the
Information of Ins Pen, proportionably difplayed, opened the

Gates

SUPPLE MEN T. 65

Gates to Capacity, enlightened tlic Underflanding to make
Refolves, and were moil gratifying to the Curioiity of hi ;
Mailer, and Mailer's Officers. The diverfe Countries he had
been verfed in, the diverfe Maxims he had obferved, the In-
clinations of many People traced cut by him, made him fo
wary in all his Actions as no Italianized Spaniard could out
doe him. He was in tine, grown to io great a Height of
Perfection, in what belonged to a valiant, wife, and expe-
rienced Commander, as there was nothing more to be defired
in him, had he not been fo much fwayd by Avarice and Seve-
rity. He was fo great a Hufband, that he was as Intent to the
Service of his Prince, as to his own particular Interefl ; he was
uncompaffionate towards the Subject, being exceffive in lavino-
on Contributions : very fcrai^ht handed in letting the Soldiers
partake thereof, or in bearing with them, fo as he was not
much beloved by them ; his Aufterity in this Kind, particu-
larly at Mantua (were 'tis reported he got inch Spoil and Boo-
ty, as that none of Qrfar's Commanders ever parted from
thence with greater Riches) made him hateful to all the le:^-
pie, not beloved of the Soldiers and Contumacious apair.fi Go J
Almighty. And this did Preia-e that the Promoter:; of th>
War would make good this Proverb, that Riches ill got, are
not ufiially long enjoyed.

Godfrey, Count Papenbezmr, was by Birth an Ahnan^ of
noble Parentage, and an excellent Edn cation ; he applied himielf
from his firil Wars to the Wars and pafdng through ail De-
grees of Preferment, he at lail arrived to vm Command of
being one of Qrlhrs Colonels, a Place of great Eileem and no
fmali Confequenee ; the tlrit Proofs he gave of his Worth .md
Valour, was in the Defence of Rk'a Ji Cbianena ]:: the t ',;.'.:.-
line, which was played upon by the 1 re:;e'j ; where he railed
his Renown, and made Men curious to enquire after his fu-
ture Actions: behaving himfelf afterwards no lefs Coura 'ioude
in Germany 1 he appeared more worthy to Command than :;>
Serve, and therefore being advanced to be Lieutenant Ocm-ml
of the Catholic 1 : Lea^'.e, he did mare than fathfy the he-o -
ration that was had oi him. In the moil difficult Action..-, he
was Couragieu?, in aJxerje lortune not moved, in mak-

66 SUPPLEMENT.

ing of Matches politick, in Deliberation bold, in Council well
adjured, modeft in Victory, fevere in Executions, in his Deal-
ings a/Fable j in fine, he was in all things Vigilant, Expert, Vali-
ant, Merciful when proper and Magnanimous ; the many Scars
wherewith his Face was adorned, were the Characters wherein
his good Services were written ; the Love and Reverence the
Soldiers bore him, teftified his civil and noble Carriage j the
good Repute his very Enemy s had of him, publifhed his in-
effable Worth to be without Spot ; his Eitimation and Re-
nown were the Trumpets of his Valour and Experience ; Ger-
many hath not produced a private Gentleman of fo mature an
Underftanding, of fo diligent a Mind, of fo fprightly a Wit,
nor one fo Generous ; he never undertook any Enterprize,
before he had well weighed what the Event and Confequence
might be ; he met with no Difficulty, which he found not
lome Means to overcome, he prifed not any Preferment, Pro-
fit, nor Intereft, wherein his particular Perfon was concerned - y

Q P r

er-

he was held to be in all Things Zealous to his Mailer's
vice, defirous of Reputation and ambitious of Glory -, " He
" had wont to fay to fome of his Friends, who would per-
<c fwade him to be more fparing of the Moneys that were paid
<c him ; that to deferve well of a Prince did not confift in hav-
" ing ones Cheft full of Gold ; that Soldiers loved not there,
" where their Captains were too mindful of themfelvesj that
(l a faithful Servant could have no more glorious Title than
" that of Bankrupt .*" In fine, he had a Soul to which nothing
was wanting but a Body of Sovereignty, that therein might be
{een whatfoever of Good, Wife, Courteous, or Confcious,
may be deiired in a Prince. He was renowned by his Soldiers,
and admired by his Companions ; he gratified Princes, and
deferved very well of the Roman Catholick League, and all the
1 loufc of Auftria.

Walejiine, General of all the Forces of the Roman Catholick
League, was Bern a private Iiaron of Bohemia, a Child of For-
tune, not much enriched in Patrimony nor other Endow-
ments ; he pad his Infancy under the Tutorfhip of the Jefuits,
where his lively Spirit, when he began to be firft down Fea-
thered, broke the Reins of Obfervancy, and Fear of thofe

hi?

SUPPLEMEN T. 67

his Elders. Varying in the Stability of his Difpofition, he
feemed fometimes inclined to Arms, fometimes to Learning,
fometimes to other Extravagancies ; being afterwards entered
into the larger Field of Youth, and therein giving himfelf over
to what his Genius moil led him to, and a Freedom to his un-
quiet Spirit, leting his Defircs domineer over him, he fpent
fome Time undifturbed by Confidcration, whereby he got the
repute of unwife and unliable ; defirous afterwards to know
other Countrys, and the Fafhions of other Nations (a Know-
ledge which well become Men of Command) he viiited Flan-
ders, enjoyed a Sight of England, fatisfied himfelf in France,
went into Italy, (a Country which refines the Northern Wits)
and bavins; admired the Magnihcencv of Rome, the Delights of*
Naples, the Qaaintnefs of < Tf(fca?iy, and the Fertility of Lorn -
bardy, his Curioiity iixt itielf in Padua, a City appertaning to
the moft illulrriaiis State of Ten ice, the Mother of liberal Sci-
ences, Receptacle of the Learned, Fountain of Virtue, and
there he applied himfelf to divers Studys, whereof he made
himfelf a Partaker at lean:, if not a perfect Mailer ; but
the Vivacity of his Spirit, and his unquiet Opinions made ma-
ny efleem him to be foolimly conceited.

Leaving Padua with little of Renown, though he had got t! c
Language and Cuftom of the Country, he returned into Bclvwi a,
where notable to remain Idle though laught at by many, mid
contrary to the Will of his Comrades, lie difpofed himfelf oi part
of what liis Truflees had gotten in his Abfence, and vet heir.-*
naturally thereunto inclined, he applied himfelf to Arms, the
firongKcys of Glory and Creamers. The Archduke Fcrdirai i
being moleiled in Fruli bv the Venetian Forres, defired Aid of
The Emperor j whereupon Walejline boldly profered to raife
three hundred Horfe at his own proper Culls and Charges j
which Offer being accepted off", and bv him punctually per-
formed, lie went with the Title of Colonel to the Succour of
Gradifta, where he tarried during that Action, begetting
Wonders in Men, by his generous Extravagancy's and cour-
teous Liberality; bee was Sumptuous in his Invitations (the true
Lyes of Affection) reviving the Conversation of his Friends,
rewarding and fohcing the Soldiers, nothing being more able

i 2 to

68 SUPPLEMENT.

to captivate the Goodwill of the Militia than Generofity ; ma-
ny therefore began to he defirous of his Service, which by
thefe Actions was pleafing to the Archduke and his Miniflers.
Charles Count of Arach, a much favoured Counfellor of Fer-
dinand's, would join Alliance with him, gave him his Daugh-
ter to Wife, and consequently made him Partaker of his Af-
fection and Protection. The Differences of Friuli beinjr com-
pofed in Peace, Trouble ariiing in Bohemia, and the Arch-
duke made Emperor, he had Occafion to exerciSe his warlike
Genius, and his Father in Law had Opportunity to Countenance
him, and Fortune to Favour him. Being afterwards of a pri-
vate Man become a Prince, being of a Colonel prefered to be
a General; and discovering himfelf to be Wife, after being
thought a Fool, lie made the World fee, that his Study was
not to change Opinion, but Condition ; and that there is no
better Fence againSt the Blows of Envy and Malice, then the
received Opinion of not being greatly Wife ; and that Fortune
there (hewers her Favours, inhere are the Clouds of Extrava-
gancy.

The War being afterwards brought to a happy End, as
by his means the Imperial State was augmented, fo didCafar
(who was always went munificently to Reward good Ser-
vices) by invefting him in the Dukedom of Mechelburgh, make
him Sovereign Prince, and of a Subject, a Feudatory of the
Empire. Being arrived at this Height, furrounded with io
many Applaufes, Secured by fo great Merit, and glorying in.
his worthy Actions, knowing that good Militia is the Securing
of Principalities, and that Soldiers flock thither where Recom-
penccs are frequent, Honour invites, Eitimation inhcartens,
and Gratitude opens the Door to Munificence; by cheriming
Ambition with Titles, pulling up Valour with Praifes, and
Li-curing Affection by Effects, he drew into his Service the beft
rd>, and befl Wits, that of late Ages have managed Arms.
/; 'a/e/tine was Ambitious in all his Actions, Grave and Haugh-
tv in all bus Treatys, Wife and well adviSed in all his Refolu-
rions ;. he was not governed by Self-interefl, nor moved by
Profit, nor pliable by Adulation ; he exceedingly delired to be
reverenced, coveted to be obferved, end was a great Main-

tainer

SUPPLEMENT. 69

tainer of Punctuality ; he could not endure any Defect in his
Army ; he liked not Confufion ; he was offended at the Sloth
and Ignorance of thofe who were not endowed with thofc
Parts and Conditions that he defired, to wit, Greatnefs of Spi-
rit, Quicknefs of Understanding, Readinefs in Trcatys, Fore-
fight in their Doings, Obedience to Commands, Faithfiilneis
in Executions. He did lb abhor any bale Action, as that his
Favour being once loft by any {ingle Fault, it was not to be
regained by any meritorious Act.

He declared that under his Command, Soldiers were to
live and behave themfelves like Soldiers, and not think thev
had girt their Swords about them (as many do) to win Fa-
vour amonq-ft the weak and vulgar Sort, but amoneft Men of
Courage. Such as were abandoned by Fortune, and yet abound-
ed in Worth and Valour, were by him fplendidly entertained,
aiiiited with competent Helps, and fuch as exceeded many of
their Defervings; his Magnaminity of Mind could not tole-
rate that a gallant Wit fhould beg that which fo many unwor-
thy Men pollen: ; and therefore he afforded them means to ex-
ei-cife their Talents, and to climb up thofc Steps which Princes
ought to leave free to fuch, as gathering Ruft in Idkneia, and
kept low by the Antipathy of fuch as Govern, if they had
wherein to employ themfelves, would (being efteemed off bv
others) prove paradventure the Abftract of Perfection. No
Mans Authority nor Protection was of Weight with him, net
permuting that either the Conditions of Birth, nor the Intcrccfjioii
of fuch as were Powerful, fhould obfeure the Quality's of In-
feriors, and bereave that which worthily becomes a Man of
Merit.

Valour and Knowledge in Arms, were to him the only
Recommendations of a Soldier; Doctrine and exemplary Lije,
the like to him in Churchmen ; Wifdom and Capacity, in State
Officers ; Diligence and Faithfulnefs in Servants Speech, nor
Writing, nor the Requeft of great ones, were not able to
nut any one in his Favour j whofoever made uie of fuch means,
rather impaired his Caufe then bettered it. In his Soldiers he
especially loved Quicknefs of Spirit, Extravagancy in Thoughts,
and Ambition ; affirming, that Valour would not admit ot' h

o SUPPLEMENT.

love Mind, a limited Opinion, nor even what is call'd refpeclfull
Humility. A ready Action, anew Thought , xu\ utiufual Audacity,
were the ready Ways which led to his Favour. He valued
high Spirits above vulgar Wits, no lefs than do good Breakers of
Colts. He held an Opinion, that a Soldier, who had too ten-
der a Confcience, and was too Scrupulous in his Refolution,
could never be perfect in the Soldier's Craft. He was not
given to Senfuality ; for fince Luff reigns only in Idlenefs, he
that hath his Underftanding bufied about the Speculation of
Greatnefs and fublime Affairs, could not bend to a flying Sha-
dow of imperfect Fruition. He affirmed, that there was no
Defect more blameable in a great Man then Senfualitv ; that
the Strength of Mars grew weaker in the Delights of Venus,
that the lioughnefs of the Mind was diilempered by the Fire
of Appetite ; that Conilancy was loft in the Labarinth of too
much Tendcrnefs, and politick Wifdom in the like of Spe-
culation, that Livelinefs of the Spirit fuffered through the
Mill: of Effeminacy.

He much coveted to exceed others in Glory, and being
a! mod: Drunk with Envy, he let himfelf loofe to be governed
thereby ; he termed thole poorly minded, who content with
the Condition they were in, did only live to eat, and Jlcpt to
divert the tedioufnefi of Time, which they could no other-
wife employ then in fatisfying their Senfes ; he was unmea-
furable Angry, fudden in his Hatred, ram in Refolutions, ob-
f filiate in the Execution thereof. Laiinefs. was never lodged
in his Eolom -, he fpent fuch Hours as he could exempt, from
either politick or military Affairs, in the Study ox iome Sci-
ence, and in Speculation how he might make himieir more
Remarkable. Dillimulation was banifhed Ins Court, nor cared
he for any that ufed it ; he laid, it was the Weapons of fear-
ful and bafely minded Men, who would cover their Puiilani-
mity under a Smile or Tear; that bafe Flattery became not
Freedom and Liberty. He was well pleafed with Pompj
Sumptuoufnefs, and Applaufe. He affirmed they Merited not
the Honour of Command, whofe Appetite led them net to
Glory ; that Glory was the Lanthom which lea the Way to
worthv Actions. Such of his Followers which were moil:

Brave

SUPPLEMENT. 71

Brave and Coftly in their Apparel, were bed: liked by him 3
he had no Harbour for Covetoufhefs ; he abounded in Libera-
lity; he called thofe who were Money Mailers, Servants-, and
that wife Man a Fool which did Worfhip his Cofj'ery ; he was
of Opinion that he who had not a greater Heart and much r 1
Generofity, could never become a great Commander : He
would Reply to fome of his Friends, who would put him in
Mind, that Gold was the Sinews of Greatnefs, you fay welly
" but it muft be then in the Hands of one that is not a Sui r :e
'* thereunto: Greatnefs follows Greatnefs, great Soldiers have
tl great Hopes, and thefe keep the Field ; where great Re-
'* wards are to be had: Whilft Ccefar pours on me his great
l< Magnificencys you fee how he is ferved, I find no Gold that
" can weigh in the Scale, with the Merit of a valiant Soldier ;
'" read theBedrole of my Commanders, and then argue upon
:c Actions". He added, that Soldiers were Majlers of Gold, not
that of them ; Kingdoms might be faid to be cheaply got, bv
rewarding the Militia , that no better Interclt or Uie was made
of Moneys then from that Principle which was inverted in the
Sword, in a bold Courage, and refolute Headpiece : That
Princes were never impoverished by rewarding their Servants.
1 le greatly loved his Matters Greatnefs ; he defired he mould
be reverenced, and defired ftill to make him greater ; know-
ing very well that by how much the greater Princes are, lb
much more Confpicuous is the Function of their Officers. He
laughed at fome ignorantly Ambitious, who for having mut-
tered their Squadrons, or ftood Centinel fome one Night, in
fome fafe Fort, far enough off from the Enemy, pretended to
be equally treated with them who had loll their Blood, and
by their Experience had made themfelves worthy of Employ-
ment ; as his Favours mowered down plentifully upon Men of
Worth, fowere the Hopes cf ignorant and poorly tpirited Men
but fmall.*

To Counterpoise his praife worthy Conditions, they
were much allayd by his Haughtinefs, Cruelty, and hafty
Fiercenefs; his unllability in Religion. The little Reipcct he

* This Character one wou'd think by this revcrfal muft kz drawn by a fen-
ftblt hut bigotted Prie/l,

bore

-2 S U P P L E M E N T. '

bore to Churchmen, and his heretical Maxims, made him
known to be Wicked, and not deferving a good Name ;
he together with the Churchmen, exceedingly hated their
Riches ; were it either that he himfelf coveted them, or for
the Natural love he bore to another Man's Goods, or for that
lie would curry Favour with the Germans^ the greater!. Part
whereof where no Friends to Friars -,-f he would abufively fty
amongft fome of his Friends, that the exorbitant Greatnefs of
fome of thefe Churchmen, was, both raticne Divina & Hu-
mana, to be moderated by wife Princes ; exagerating, that
clothing their Appetites with thefe worldly Preferments, and
giving Way to Temptation through their having the World at
their Will, they became Idle and ran into many publick Scan-
dals ) he added, that the enriching of thefe Men was the ini-
pc r cerijhi?ig of the Laity ; fince that the Moneys which were
more then fuoerf uous for them, and was loft in Luxurvs ;
might be imployed to the publick Service of the Empire ;
moreover, that iincc by their great Revenues the Incomes of
Princes were leffened, it was a Matter of great Consideration
that to many mould be fuffered to enjoy fo pkafing a Quiet ;
for that if they were turned loofe into the World, neither
would Generation io much decline, nor would Chriftian
Princes be put to fuch Straights for Soldiers, Towns won! 1
not be fo unpeopled, neither would Principality's be fo ranch
prejudiced. He had under his Service Men of all Nations of
Europe, and every valiant Man found Place in his Favour,
bat of all other Italians had the Preheminency ; he would call
that Nation Sprightly, Wary, full of Craft ; and to this Pur-
nofe he was wont to fav, the Italians were the only Wits on
the other Side the Mountains ; to thefe that would propound
tipai.n unto him for a wife Nation, he would reply, that the
jreat Wifciom wherewith the Spaniards maintained their
( rrcatiieA, had not its Original in Spain, but was learned in
it ah ; the Councils of that Monarch being beft pnided bv
Spaniards Italianatec, and Italians Spaniolized. He was of
Opinion, that the quicken: Spirits were bred up 2:1 the

} Which was much to their praifc.

Oe -

S U P P L M E N T. 73

Academics of Craft. His Thoughts were high, his Hopes
vaft, and his Ends ftrongly profound ; he confented not to
the War of Mantua, hut difwaded from it, and made it ap-
pear, that the unconqucred Forces of the greatc'ft Emperor
that for many Ages had reigned, and who was Victorious
over fo many Provinces, ought not to be imployed againft one
of his own innocent Feudatorys. His Intention was (as his
rnoft intimate Friends faid) to carry his Forces againft the 0/-
icman Empire, and he vaunted himfelf, that lie would give a
happy Beginning to that War without putting the Emperor t
any Coil; A high Dciign, but who mall confider his For-
tune, the Quality and Numbers of his Commanders and Sol-
diers, will fee that no Emperor fince Charles the Firft's Time
had a more flouriming Army, greater Store of Soldiers, nor
abler Commanders, nor more Experience ; leaving out ma-
ny who betook themfelves to ferve other Princes after hi.
Charge was taken from him at the Diet of Ratifbon.

Victorco Amadeo, Duke of Savoy, was of an Afpect not un-
plcafmg, of a reafonable Stature, and courteous in his Beha-
viour (as are all the Princes of that Family) and he governed
himfelf very wifely ; he by his Wifdom compared all his Ac-
tions, and by Dexterity knew fo well how to cover his Weak-
nefs, as he was efteemed of, and held by many for a much
"knowing Man. If on the Mother's Side he had partaken fome
of her Father's Character, and had mared of his own Father's
Conditions, he might have been truly termed Son of that
Great Charles, whole Worth and Virtue no Tongues are able
fumxiently to Celebrate ; and Heir, not only to his Principality
but Intellect, alio, if Fortune, which Smiles not alike upon
all, had fuffered him to govern in another Conjuncture of
Time ; lie feemed to be more inclined to Peace, and quiet! v
to increafe his State, then adicrcd to Novcltys of War ; he go-
verned himfelf with much Policy in all his Affairs, making it
appear, he trufled more to his Wifdom then to his Daring.
He lived a Friend to Glory, endeavouring Greatnefs, an 1 co-
veting Eftccm ; he therefore invented the Title of Regal
Alezza; he made new Pretences, not formerly f-und n v.t 1>\
his PredccerTors ; And thinking better of nimfeif tmn '.'

k F. ce

7+ SUPPLEMEN T.

Forces could make him good, he feemed more by the Prero-
gative of his Birth, then by the Increafe of his Dominions, to
pre tea I to a gi eater Efteem then his PredecefTors had j he was
a good Prince for his Subjects but not for his Friends, his
i ri icipal Scope being his own proper Intereft, and having no
ether particular Affection.

Henry, Duke of Rohan, was a French Prince, Duke and
Peer of France ; being bred up and educated in the Wars un-
der Henry the Great, he attained to fuch Experience as fol-
lowing the Opinion and Party of the Protectants, he was by
them cliofen to be their General, in which Charge he always
worthily behaved himfelf, untill fuch Time as he got the
King's Pardon ; he was civily behaved, courteous in his En-
tertainment, and of a very fweet Condition; which made him
much approved by fuch as had Dealings with him; he had a
fliarp Wit, was wary in his Proceedings and advifed in his
Counfels ; he was not Proud, nor feemed to be Ambitious,
nor were there any repreheniibie Faults found in him ; he
was noble in his Expences, and defpifed Increafe of Wealth,
(a gallant Part in a compleat Commander) and when any
Difcourfe was offered upon this Point, by any who were
ftraight handed and had betaken themfelves to War only for
Lucre fake, he had wont to fay, that fuch Men ought to be
abhorred by all Princes j becaufe where particular Intereft ini-
tiates, the Glory of the Publick keeps not the Field ; and
Good-Mill dwells not where Avarice keeps Houfe ; that the
Soul wants the Freedom of facrificing its felf to Glory, where
it is fettered with Gold, that nothing of Worth or Generouf-
nefs can be expected from him who fludies only how to >-
quire Riches. Ke was always diligent in what concerned Bu-
nnefs, infinitely Inquifitive after Noveltys, defirous of Corres-
pondence with Men of Worth ; he ufed fuch Subtlety in all
his Actions, as that he achieved his Ends more thereby then
by his Forces ; he fpared not for Money in rewarding Intelli-
gencers, which he kept in all Parts, and affirmed fuch were
the Eyes of an Army ; he was fo Suipicious, as where he held
a bad Opinion he feared even Truth iifelf ; he was of fuch an
I?nt^JJion y as where once he fixed his Mind, Reafon itfelf

could

SUPPLEMENT. 75

could hardly alter him. He difcourfed willingly, fpoke with
all Men, was very Inquifitive, and would know every the
meaneft Matter ; whereupon he was wont to fay, that as eve-
ry Heart hath its Virtue, fo every Man hath his Saying ; and
that of Times he was learned from the meaner Sort, what
was not had from the Greateft 3 and he added, that thofe
Frinces were of no great Worth, that were not the Subject of
the Peoples Chat ; he loved, and acknowledged himfelf be-
holding to a Pen that could Write without Pain, and to
an eafy Pen - y and hold that thofe Princes were not happy
who were never reverenced by an ingenious Writer ;
hereby laid he the Unierflanding is inlightened, Doubts are
expounded, M , Minds are cleared, and Counfeliors are
ftrcngthened , he thought notwithstanding that there were but
few that were 0; J at the Knowing, Remembering, and
Writing y had feen and heard , and on the contrary

he ^ii.cd thofe that were guided by a prefumptuous Informati-
on, by a faife Signification, and by an ill grounded Judgment; for
by their v ounfels Piinces do mifcarry, Wifdom is confounded,
Pvefolutions are preverted. He oft times interpreted Things
quite ainifs, and was fo Refolute in what he conceited, that he
thereout framed to himfelf abfurd Conceits ; he was fo great
an Enemy to the Spaniards^ as he hated even them that /bake
well of them ; and when his King had not as yet any War
with them, his Antipathy was fuch unto them as he endea-
voured their M.fchief as much as in him lav; and would fay
that as the Spaniards Love, nor Efteem not any Nation but their-
own, fo all Men knowing their Affections to be feigned ought
to hate them ; he left no Heirs Male behind him, had only
one Daughter, who as is reported is one of the fairefl Ladys
in all France.

Duke Crcqui l General of the King of France's Forces in the
State of M.Ian, was ot a gallant Behaviour and grateful Pre-
fencx, lus Courage and the Efteem that every one had of him
m'ght be r^ad in his Countenance ; he was bred up in War,
eci cated amongft Soldiers, and had his growth in Armies,
and by his Actions he fhewed he had deferved the Character
oi a worthy gallant Gentleman, His many Actions and the

manv

;6 SUPPLEMENT.

many Victorys won by his Sword made him be dreaded, and
trumpeted his Deferts. His Alliance with cfEfdeguieres, whofe
Daughter he married, conferred Refpect upon him, and made
way for the Greatnefs to which at laft he arrived j he lived
fplendidly, performed punctually the Dutys of his Charge,
and managed the King's Affairs with much Advantage ; he was
of a high Spirit, witty, and very advifed. In brief, had he
not been a little too Vain-glorious, and too much given to the
latisfying of his Senfes, nothing of amifs could be laid of him,
but he affected too much his own Appetite ; he was as well a
Son of Venus as of Mars, he too much expofed his Wifdom
to the Surprifals of Folly : The fair Looks and good Demean-
or of every Lady imprifoned his Heart, and he cherifTied all man-
ner of Senfuality ; as foon as he came to any Town, his firft
Inquiry was after Women of Compofition, and would prefer
his Familiarity and Domefticks Licenteoufnefs with them, be-
fore any Refpect of his Place, Quality, or Condition, and his Le-
vity in Difcourfe withdrew much from his Eftimation ; he
died an old Man being pafl feventy Years old, and forfaken by
that good Fortune which had protected him in ib many
Bickerings.

F I 7V I S.

SUPPLEMENT. 77

After finijhing this Second Volume, I was greatly dejired to add
the following Letters, Sec. which could not therefore be inferted in the
Index, nor placed in their proper Order.

A Letter from Lord * * * to his Son, on being pro-
moted to a high Pojl in the AdminiJlratio?i.

Dear Son, .

THE Pod was moft welcome that gave me, with your
dutiful and obliging Letter, the agreeable News of that
high and important Office of State, of which, this brings you my
Compliments of Joy, and hearty Congratulation.

In this great Honour conferred upon you, his Majefty not only
fhews the generality of his Nature, but his integrity and gcodnefs
ot heart, in performing the royal Promife he made me, when like
poor old Barzillai to David, King of Ifrael, I pleaded lols of Tafte
to the Pleafures of a Court, my Age and Infirmities to his noble
Proffers, and (as he was pleafed to fay) Rewards of my long and
faithful Services , Thou art my Chimham, my dear and beloved Child,
and the King hath done unto you whatfoever feemed good unto him.

You muft imagine me to have all the natural Joy of a Parent at
fuch Advancement and Honours in fo early Life , nor am I without
fome Share of Vanity in being the Stem from whence fuch a thriv-
ing Branch is produced , but you have a greater Parent, to whole
Bleffing and Providence you owe that Promotion, which cometh
neither from the Eaft, from the Weft, nor yet from the South, but
from that great Being, who putteth down one, and fetteth up ano-
ther.

You tell me you had not this Place from any Solicitation of Mi-
nifters , that it was the Effect of no fervile mean Compliances, or
change o Party; and that you went into Parliament without Am-
bition oi adding to your Family, Title, or Fortune, nor thought

1 , of

7 8 SUPPLEMENT.

of any Confequence from your Vote, but the good of your Coun-
try. As to Ambition, it is too natural in Perfons of your Age and
Parts, had it been one of your Paffions , a Poet calls it Man's
Hunger and his Tbirfi of Nature, the noble Appetite that will be
fatisfied, and like the Food of Gods, makes him immortal but
this is a Rant, and I think Sir Francis Waljingham fpeaks of it with
greater Senfe and rectitude of Judgment when he fays, ' Ambition

* in itfelf is no Fault, but the natural Commendation of the Soul,
c as Beauty is of the Body : It is in Men, as Beauty is in Women ,
1 for, as to be naturally handfome is the greater! Commendation of
1 :hat Sex, and that for which they moil defire to be commended;
k lo that Ambition by which Men defire Honour the natural Way

* 'which confifts in doing honourable and good Acts) is the Root of
4 the moil perfect Commendation that a moral Man is capable of.*'
If you had been therefore thus active, pufhing. and ambitious, and
with Honour and Character had gained your Point-, the juft and na-
tural Reward of Virtue, and fuch innocent Emulation and Ambi-
tion, would have given me no Uneafmefs, and have done very little,
if any Hurt to your Character.

But now, dear Son, permit me to have my Sufpicions of the fu-
ture, as well as my Joys for the prefent. There is a Giddinefs and
Turn of Head very natural to him that is upon a high and unufual
Afcent, for there is often another and higher Hill in the View,
which we want to climb , being in the * Ring, we are apt to look at,
and wifh for the Equipage more fplendid than our own, and -when
once wc are raifed, we are tempted to do thofe Things to rife high-
er, which we would not have done for cur prefent Advancement,
Pride and Ambition are heated, and grow refllefs by afcending fome
Steps, and drive us up, till in making too much Hafte to get at the
Top, a very fudden and fatal Fall from the prefent Honours we
nave attained, has been frequently the Confequence.

Believe me, Son, a Statefman is furrounded with Spies on his
Conduct, and Envy bends all its Artillery againfthim. The Outs
are fly and careful Obfcrvers of the Iks, and ready to catch and

take

* A Place fo called , , where the Quality Is'c, ufed to drive round,

and vyc with each other in fplendid Equipage,

SUPPLEMENT. 79

take Advantage of thofe Errors, to which Human Nature is liable.
It is not all Sunfhine in Courts, that bright Hemifphere is fomctimes
overcaft and cloudy, there are Ropes as well as Ribbands, Axes as well
Honours within a bad Statefman's View and Profpect ; there arc,
what in my Opinion, is ftill more affecting, the Accuiations of Con-
icience, which are not lets gnawing and tormenting for Injuries of-
fered to the Publick, than to private Perfons. Our Country as well
as our private Interejl and Character, claims our Care, Regard and
Affection, and has equally its Demands upon us of faithful Service
Honour, and Integrity, nor can Nations fuffer, but Individuals mult
be affected. The Burden of State, therefore, is heavy and toilfome,
though Power is glittering and pluming, we bend and fink under a
J /hid of Gold, as well as other Goods, and there is more Trou-
ble, Labour and Uneafmefs in high Offices, than they who are fuch
Seekers of them are generally aware of. There arc many Talks up-
on Minijiers, many great and proper Schemes which are very dange-
rous to execute, many neceifary Meafures which may be extremely

There is very often a national Enthufiafm in Things which are
abfolutely againft a Country's Intereft ; and Politicks are fometime;-
adopted by a Multitude, which are wrong, and improper to be pur-
sued: How difficult is it for an Adminiftration to act againft a ge-
neral Clamour ? But no more of this. I fhall now take Leave to
prefcribe fome Rules to you, which from reading, and perianal Ex-
perience, I know to be fate and neceffary, and whereby you will
help to fteer the VefTel of State, clear of any Recks or Quickfands.
And firft, let Ccunfel and Deliberation go before Action, and avoid
Rafhnefs or Dependance upon your own Judgment; Have the
Vouchers of other Men's Opinion and Advice to produce, againft a
o-eneral Audit of your Accounts, and Examination of your State
Conduct -, and, what I would greatly recommend to you, is Secrecy,
Secrecy, and keeping from General Kncivledge, all private Debates*
Confultations, and Determinations; and with Reg-rd lo the State Vir-
tue of Secrecy, that neceffary and wile Policy, an > r'ent Writer gives
the following good Rcalbns-, and quotes many i; ftructive Examples,

So SUPPLEMENT.

4 One of the principal Things which makes a Man known to be
; wife, is that he can keep Counfel, and be fecret in that which hath
c been declared unto him by another, and to keep his own proper Aj -
fairs filent. Thofe that lhall read ancient Hiftories, will find in-
' finite ->ood Enterprizes to have failed of their deiired End, either
; in Peace or in War, for Want of keeping Counfel, and thereupon
' have followed an infinite Number of Mifchiefs. But among other
4 Examples, we will confider one notable above all the reft, as pro-
' ceeding from GOD, who fo well keeps his own Counfel, that he
4 lets not any one know (whoever he be) what mail happen to
c Morrow ; Nor thofe of Times paft, could ever know what mould
' happen at this Hour : So in Truth we may fee that GOD himfelf
' hath loved Secresy. For this Caufe under fiayiding Men have
' always loved to do their Bujinefs fecretly. We read that Cato Cen-

* for, would often fay to his Friends, that he always repented of
4 three Things, if at any Time he fhould happen to do any of

* them, The firft, if he mould declare a Secret to any one, efpe-
1 daily to a V/omau. The fecond, to have travelled by Sea, when
4 he might have gone by Land. And the third, if he fhould fpend

* one Day idly without performing fome vertuous Act. The two

* lait deferve to be noted, but the firft ferves to our Purpofe. Alex-
' ander had received from his Mother, a Letter of fome Importance,

* and after he had read it in the Prefence of Hepheftion, he clofed
' up his Mouth with his Seal- Ring, wherewith he was wont to feal
4 his mod fecret Letters, whereby he (hewed, that he to whom one

* reveals his Secrets, fhould have his Mouth fealed up. When King

* Lyfmachus bid the Poet Philipides afk what he would, and it fhould
* be granted, the Poet anfwered him, the greater! Good you can do

* me, is, that you communicate not to me any of your Secrets.
' Ant c^iits Sebeliicus writes a notable Example to this Purpofe. hi
' the Time of Pope Eugenius, faith he, the Senate of Venice had a
c Captain named Cnmigncl, by whole Treafon and Means, the whole

* Army was difcomfited, by Means whereof, the Senators aflem-

* bled to determine what mould be done in this Cafe. Some advifed
' that he mould be fent for and apprehended, and receive Juftice ;

1 others

SUPPLEMENT. Si

1 others were of the contrary Opinion. At the laft it was concluded
c that there fhould be no Notice taken of his Fault, waiting for a
' better Opportunity: All agreeing neverthelefs that he fhould fuf-
' fer Death for his Fault. This Conclufion and Occafion was de-
' ferred for eight Months, with fuch Secrecy, that there was no
Speech of it during all that Time, which was a marvellous Thing,
c feeing there were fo many Senators, whereof there were many of
' them great Friends to Cremignol, and many of them poor, which
' had received from him great gifts and much riches, yet gave him
' no Advertifement ; fo that this Thing was kept fecret among
' them till thofe eight Months were paft, then they proceeded as in
' the Pliitory.'

Pardon, my Son, thefe Hints to your better Judgment I fcorn
to flatter Boy I know you have great Abilities, but I tremble ftill
for fear you mould loofe thofe noble Sentiments of public as well as
private Virtue, which you have imbibed, and have fpoke to greatly and
feelingly of. It is an excellent Conftitution and Habit of Body, that
is not hurt, impaired or infected in fuch Places as you are likely to
vifit, and though we may not be in a bodily Difpofilion to catch an
epidemical Difeafe, yet few wife Men go abroad without fomething by
way of Preservative, or without preparing for the Climate they are
going to. I know you love your King and Country, let their Honour
and Welfare be your Object and Point of View ; it is next to Trea-
fon to advife a Prince into Meafures deftruclive of his Peoples Af-
fections, for as foon as you lelfen him in their Efteem, you take out
the main Pin that fupports the Throne, you deprive him of the belt
Jewel of his Crown, and weaken his Government. Efteem gives
Weight to Power and Authority, and large Armies have fail'd where
that has been wanting ; permit me to point out fbme political Paf_
fages of a remarkable Speech of Sir Robert Co/ton's, wherein that
good State-Conduct is related, with its happy comequences, and tha't
Mai Adminijlratiou from which this Country and its Rulers have
fufrered very cruel Effects.

1 For Matters of State, the Council-Table held up the fit and
4 ancient Dignity. So long as Lord Scmerfei flood in State of Grace.

M 4 and

82 SUPPLEMENT.

and had, by his Majefly's Favour, die Truft of the Signet Seal,

* lie oft would glory juftly, there patted neither to himfelf, or his
e Friends, any long Grants of his Highnefs's Lands or Penfions :
{ For that which himfelf had, he paid Twenty Thoufand Pounds
* towards the Marriage Portion of the King's Daughter: His

* Care was to pais no Monopoly or illegal Grant : There was no
' giving way to the Sale of Honours, as a Breach upon the Nobility

* (for fuch were his own Words) he refufing Sir John Roper's Office,
4 then tendered to procure him to be made a Baron. The Match

* with Spain, then offered (and with Condition to require no further
4 Toleration in Religion than AmbaiTadors here are allowed) dif-
4 covering double Dealing and fome Dangers, he diffwaded his
< Majefly from, and left him fo far in Diftruft of the Faith of that
4 King, and his great Inftrument Gondomar, then rending here, that

* his Majefty did term him, long Time after, a Jugling Jack. Thus
' flood the Effect of his Power with his Majefty when the Clouds
' of his Misfortune fell upon him. What the future Advices led
4 in, we may well remember. The Marriage with Spain was again
' renewed : Gondamar declared an honefl Man : Our old and faff AI-
c lies difheartened by a tedious and dangerous Treaty : And the

* King, our now Mafter, expofed to fo great a Peril, as no'wife and
4 and faithful Council would ever have advifed. Errors in Govern-
4 ment, more in Misfortune by weak Councils than Princes.

4 The Lofs of the County of Pojntiffe in France, was laid to Bi-
4 fhop JVickham's Charge in the firft of Rich. II. for perfuading the
4 King to forbear fending Aid when it was required : A Capital Crime
4 in Parliament. The Lofs of the Dutchy of Main was laid to ~De
4 la Poole, D. of Suffolk, 28 Hen. VI. in fmgly and unwifely treat-
4 ing of a Marriage in France.

4 What Grants of Impofitions before crolTed, have lately been

* complained of in Parliaments ? As that of Ale-houfes, Gold Thread,
1 Pretermitted Cujloms, and many more ; the leafl of which would,

* in jO Edw. III. been adjudged an heinous Crime, as well as thofe

* of Lyons and Latymcr.

4 The

SUPPLEMENT. S$

' The Duke of Suffolk in Hen. VI. Time, in procuring fuch ano.
c ther Grant, in Derogation of the Common Law, was adjudged

* in Parliament.

The Gift of Honours kept as the moft facred Treafure of the
c State, now fet to Sale. Parliaments have been Suitors to the Kino-
4 to beftow thofe Graces, as in the Time of Edw. III. Hen. IV. and

* Hen. VI. more now led in by that way only, than all the Merits

* of the belt Defervers, have got thefe lafl five hundred Years. So

* tender was the Care of elder Times, that it is an Article 2 8 Hen.
* VI. in Parliament, againft the Duke of Suffolk, that he had pro-
' cured for himfelf and fome few others, fuch Titles of Honour ;

* and thofe fo irregular, that he was the firlt that ever was Earl,
Marquis, and Duke of the felf fame Place. Edw. I. reftrained
' the Number in Policy, that would have challenged a Writ by Te-
4 nure : And how this Portion may fuit with Profit of the State, we

* cannot tell. Great Deferts have now no other Recompence than

* coftly Rewards from the King : For we now are at a vile Price of

* that which was once ineftimable. If worthy Perfons have been ad-
vanced freely to Places of greateft Truft, I mall be glad. Spencer

* was condemned in the 15 of Edw. III. for difplacing good Ser-
vants about the King, and putting in his Friends and Followers,

* not leaving either in the Church or Common- wealth, a Place to

* any, before a Fine was paid unto him for his Dependance.

* Improvidence and ill Counfel led Hen. III. into fo great a Strait,
as after he had pawned fome of his foreign Territories, broke up
his Houfe, and fought his Diet at Abbies and Religious Houfes,
1 engaged not only his own Jewels, but thofe of the Shrine of St.
Edward at Weftminfier, he was in the End (not content, but) con-

* drained to lay to Pawn (as fome of his Succeffors after did) Mag-
' nam Coronam Anglia, the Crown of England. To draw you out to

* Life, the Image of former Kings Extremities, I will tell you what

* I found fince this Affembly at Oxford, written by a Reverend
1 Man, twice Vice-Chancellor of this Place : His Name was Gaf-
4 coign ; a Man that faw the Tragedy of De la Peek : He tells you
1 that die Revenues of the Crown were fo rent away by ill Council,

' that

S 4 SUPPLEMENT.

that the King was inforced to live de Tallagiis Populi : That the
1 King was grown in Debt quinque centena millia librarum : That his
4 oreat Favourite, in treating of a foreign Marriage, had loft his

* Mafter a foreign Dutchy : That to work his Ends, he had caufed

* the Parliament to fit in Villibus &? remotis partibus Regni, where few

* People, propter defectum hofpitii &f vittualium could attend, and by

* fhifting that Affembly from Place to Place, to enforce (I will ufe

* the Author's Words) illos paucos qui remanebunt de Communitate

* Regni, concedere Regi quamvis pejjima. When the Parliament en-

* deavoured by an Act of Refumption, the juft and frequent Way
' of repairing the languishing State of the Crown (for all from Hen.

* III. but one, till the 6 of Hen. VIII. have ufed it) this great Man

* told the King it was ad dedecus Regis, and advifed him from it."
From what this Great Man has faid, be cautioned, my Son, againft
a^airrft doing ill Things, and grafping at a Tranfcendency of Pow-
er , always conduct yourfelf inyour Station, as if your Actions
were next Week to undergo a publick Scrutiny and Examination.

From this Minifterial Conduct and State Policv which I have
tfiou^htproperto recommend to your Confideration, and hope you'll
obferve ; I fhall enter a little into that private Behaviour which may
render you valuable to your Friends, and give your own Mind, very
happy Reflections. Your high Station will croud your Levees with
Variety of Perfons and Genius's, and many Men of Merit which
are not known to you, or in the common Manner of Exprefllon who
have no particular Pretence or Claim to your Favours, will make
their Applications, and interfere with fome intimate Object of you r
Regard, who, perhaps may not have his Qualifications, and be e-
oual to the Thing he applies for. In this you may be greatly per-
plexed and difturbed, but I hope you'll properly diftinguifh ; for e-
very one that you injudicioufly and partially advance, will be your
Reproach, and indeed, you'll reproach yourfelf. Make therefore, few
Promifes, create few Dependances, but always perform what you
promife, and think it as juft a Debt as any you can contract. If
the Object has not Abilities, Character, or Merit enough for what
you would do, yet do fomething, and do not publickly expofe

yourfelf

SUPPLEMENT. 85-

your own Want of judgment in making fuch an Acquaintance, and
Friendship, by excufing yourfelf to him and the World, on Account
of his Demerits, which they will fay, you mould have found out in
your former Intimacies. I have known a Man very heartily dcfpiiid for
his Neglect or Refufal to do any Thing for a former Friend, lie has
folemnly promifed, and given an Engagement to , whereas the Ho-
nour oi being faithful and true to his Word, 1ms often cleared him,
nay, recommended him to publick Efteem, though the Perfon may
have been fomewhat unworthy. It. is reported of a late Bifhop,
when unbeneficed, and without Friends, or Hopes of any con-
fiderable Preferment, that for a fmall Sum, he &ave a Note for a
confiderable one, if ever he fhould be made a Bifhop ; he obtained a
Bifhoprick, and very worthily, being a Perfon very eminent in Di-
vinity, and of high Character and Merit, but when applied to for
Payment of this Note, laughed at the Contract as foolifh ana a
Joke, but could not bear, and was extremely uneafy, at the Up-
braiding3 of thofe who knew it, which was a great Part of twz Coun-
try he then lived in, though his darling Paffion of Avarice would
not permit him to pay it.

We fliould be very cautious with Regard to Promifes of Service
before we have Power, becaufe if fuch Power come?, we cannot with
Honour and Confcience get off. No Lord or Patron has fuch a
Right to afk a Thing of us, as the former Friend or Acquaintance
we have promifed, nor any Engagement 10 ftrong as cur Word ; we
may make a Jeft of fuch Tilings, and turn them into Ridicule, but
where there is a Breach of Promife, there can be no real Honefty ,
nor is fuch a one worthy of any publick Confidence or Efteem^
whatever good Qualities he may, in other Refpecxs be- poilefied or.

As to my own Part, I (hall trouble you with very lew, perhaps,
no Recommendations, fincc your prefent Income will enable me to
advance more of my own in the material Services of thofe I
would help and oblige, but there is poor Jack , your Schoolfel-
low, whom you have often recommended to my little Influence, and
promifed to provide for, and advance in Life, if ever in your Pow-

N er

86 SUPPLEMENT.

er , that Power you pofTefs, and fuch Provifion he greatly wants, for
he is reduced to a very low Ebb of Fortune, and has not been able
by unforefeen Misfortunes, to preferve any thing but his Honour and
Integrity ; he was in the fame Clafs with you, and his Parts, Me-
rit, and GoodSenfe, are well known to you.

Strict Honour, Good Nature and Humanity, I once knew, and
Hill hope, are the amiable and diftinguiming Graces of your Mind,
and as you know his Worth, and entered into a particular Friend-
fhip with him in a State of Childhood, Innocence, and Equality, (for
he then had a Family and Views, great as yours, though Deaths
and Difappointments have fruftrated his Hopes and Dependances,)
let not your prefent Superiority and Sunfhine of Fortune dazzle
arid weaken your Sight, from difcerning and regarding him in his
Diftrds.

It is a Pity we mould ever part with thole Qualities in Manhood,
which in the artleis, open and unprejudiced Seafon of Youth, are
fo amiable and ornamental, and whereby, if we retain them, we be-
come afterwards fo ufefui to our Acquaintance, and mew ourfelves
regardful of early Friendships and Engagements,

In the Days and Places of our Education, when the tender Brain is
moulding into that Knowledge, which diftinguifhes the Man cf Senfe
and cf Letters, from the low and illiterate-, when the Mind is featuring
into the Beauties and Perfections which afterwards adorn it, and the
Child is in his Progrefs to real Manhood, that is, to thtPitch of Learning
and Judgment which properly forms the Man, and to whichhe as natu-
rally arrives by Education, as by bodily Growth, to manly Strength and
Stature ; In this charming Seafon of our Lives, this lovely Spring in
the human Nature, we frequently fee fuch Difpofitions to Priendjhip,
and iuc\\Jlrong Affections imbibed, as ripen and increafe to that mu-
tual Efiecm and Union of Hearts, which no future Inequality of For-
tune, can r cary or d.ifuand.

And this natural and happy Bent of young Minds, is a moil no-
ble Gilt oi Providence, as it fo often becomes the Occafion and
Means o; Help and Prefervation in the Changes and Chances of an

uncer*

SUPPLEMENT. 87

uncertain World , wherein we all feem, at one Time or other, to
have Plans of Happinefs put into our Hands, but how differently
they are executed and fucceed, is in every one's Obfervation. There
is not a more experienced, though melancholy Truth, than what
the wife Prince afierts in Scripture, that the Race is not to the fvift,
the Battle to the ftrcng, nor yet Favour to Men of Skill, See. Thefe
are Things which make the early Friend/hips of Superiors fo extreme-
ly beneficial, and for which Reafon, amongfi many others, Public
Schools and Universities, are preferable to private 'Tutorage and
Education.

Now Son, you mu.fi be ftrangely altered, if any one, you ever
vouchfafed to enter into any Friendihip or Intimacy with, is, on Ac-
count of any Inferiority in Circumftance, treated by you with Slight
or Contempt \ I am much miftaken in you, if you have any Tinc-
ture of that hateful hauteur, which often renders People in high Life
and Station, extremely dreadful, difficult of Accefs, and mod unpo-
pidarly and dif agreeably ineffable \ I would not. be underftcod to in-
timate any Neceffity of improper Familiarities and Freedoms with thtlc-w-
Oafs of Mankind, from fuch a School or early Acquaintance -, the Friend-
flips I have mentioned are to be formed conditionally, and may be
juftly forfeited by an enormous and criminal Conduct ; I have often
thought of the Proverb with fecret Pleafure and Approbation, that if
we play with a Beg at home, he will jump upon us in the Palace, and
there is a Diftance and Rejerve confident with the Dignity of our
Character and Station.

An abject Smile or cringing Civility in great Perfons, though \t ge-
nerally means nothing, is apt to create indecent Liberties, and unhap-
py and troublefome Applications and Dependancies, I do not think
a Great Man (hould Jhake every dirty Hand that approaches him,
with fecming Hear thief s and Affection, and for this Reafon, that in an
L'-p.omnce of the World, and efpecia'ly of that tine Part of it which
we call Courts, it may blozv a Alan up into an Extravagance of Ex-
pectation, make him negligent, or throw him out of his proper and
natural Calling ana Purfuits, and by that Means be very fatal and

88 SUPPLEMENT.

ruinous : All I propofe is to gain a Sprinkling of your Favour, for
this old Acquaintance, as an Object of real Merit and Cempaffion.

Your poor Mother rejoices with an Excefs of Plea f lire, at this Ex.
altation of her darling Child, which feeds very agreeably the Paflii-
ons of Love and Ambition, fo predominant in moil of her Sex for
their Children ; her Affettion wifhes you great, and her Pride is gra-
tified in the Power and Grandeur of your Station, infomuch that
fne catches an uncommon Pleafure and Tranfport of Mind up-
on this Cccafion ; but on the Foundation of Virtue only, I hope you
will build your Fame and Fortune, and emulate the Greek and Roman
Character, in all your Actions ; I am therefore much better plea fed in
this Promotion, with the Idea of your Merit rewarded, than my Son's
being raifed and preferred. I was once in Place and Power, and have
my joyous Reflections in my Retirement, that Intereji never governed
me in Parliament ; that I never voted with any Minijlers when I
thought their Meafures were wrong, nor ever oppofed them when they
appeared to my Judgment and Confcience to be right ; I never lifted
into any Party for Pay ; never was neutral to be taken in, nor in an
Oppofition to be taken off This may appear too much to fay of my-
felf, but 'tis cntre nous, J write to my own Child, who will not expofe
me in fuch feeming Vanity, and for this Reafon, becaufe it is meant
and intended for his Advantage.

Upon the whole Dear C I feel all the Joy you poflefs in this

Acquifition of Power, and Increafe of Fortune, I feel it with a Cor-
diality of Affeclion, which none but fond Parents experience ; but at the
fame Time I know you are a Man, and could not help hinting at
what I feel too, my Fears and Dijlrufis of a young Man in fuch a dazling
Light of Honour, as hath broke in upon you. Be hov.efl and happy, and
make him fo, who reckons it among the chief Bleffings of Providence,
that he can fubferibe himfelf,

Tour affectionate Father and Friend,

SUPPLEMENT,

9 1

^Letter to her Grace theDutcbefs of Richmond, on the Death

of the Duke.
Madam,

TH E Tears which flow for your Grace's Lofs arc fo juft and natural, and
the noble Urn at which you offer them is fo defcrving of fuch a grateful
Tribute, that when you honour'd me with your Commands of Advice and
Confolation, and I determin'd to take this Liberty of obeying them, I was al-
mott unwilling to give any Check, to luch a becoming and generous Flood of
Grief; for I confider'd it was for the Duke of Richmond, for a Hufband of
uncommon Tendernefs and Affection, for a Father the kindeft and moft in-
dulgent, for a Matter the molt obliging and affable, for a Friend, the moft fin -
cere and conftant, for a Subject the molt loyal and faithful, and for a Man of
Quality and fine Gentleman of as much Politencfs and Eafincfs of Addrcfs as
ever this Nation produced ; when therefore the Widow and Fatherlefs came
into my Thoughts, and the melancholly Train of his weeping furviving Friends
patt as it were in lad Cavalcade and Review before me : I redeemed on fuch an
affecting Subject for Sorrow, on fuch a Family, nay fuch a national Lofs, with
jarring Difpoiitions, fometimes reiblving to purine, and at other Times to defift
from my Attempt to affwage that Grief which Nature and Affection had fo
great a Part in : But that being gratefully offer 'd to his noble Remains, I
cannot give myleif Leave to doubt of your Grace's Fortitude of Mind, or that
you will not conduct your ielf by the Rules of that Religion which I hope you
have fo long and fmcercly profefs'd and liv'd up to, and whofe Tenets and in-
difpenfable Injunctions arc bubmiifion to the Wife, tho 1 afflictive Difpenfations of
Providence, and a Difplay ot that Charity which endureth all Things.

The Rcfignation of a rational Creature to the Will of his Creator is a Duty
fo naturally to be expected, that 'lis turpi izing it fhould ever be efteem'd a Talk
upon us. Whatever Blelhngs wc receive from the Hand of God are much more
than we deferve, the longer we poflefs them the greater is his Favour, and when-
ever he relumes what he gave, not to fubmit is extremely unaccountable, and has
only the Frailty and Infirmity of human Nature to plead in its Defence. We are
God's People and the Sheep of his Pafturc, he is Owner and Proprietor ot
ever/ Thing we enjoy ; and {hall he not do what he will with his own r If an
earthly Friend has granted us the Favour of any Loan, and without commuiri-
catin-.i any Reafon to us, fhall demand and relume what he has but lent and
obliged us with, for a Time, whatCaule have wc to complain or be angry ?

With Regard to your Grace, though the Calamity is molt affecting, yet I
cannot think it unattended with many alleviating Circumttances, if I had Time
to enumerate, or vouLcifurc or Spirits to coulider them. And ruft the high Cha-
racter and general Eltcem in which the Duke retired from this bufy and vain
Scene of Lite, and that eternal Repofe and Happinefs with which his many
Virtues are now rewarded, your Grace will certainly agree with me in think-
ing ibme Allevation of the prefent Dittrefs. Tho' there are many to join woe
fo woe, and to give your Grace Tear for Tear on this moving and melancholy

N Occafion,

9 2 SUPPLEMEN T.

Occaho;:, and though lueh a general Concern and Lamentation may fecm at
hrit View to widen the Circle or" Grief; yet it muO: afford fome Comfort to
furviving Friends, and be allowed to be more pieafing and fatisfa&ory, than the
Death, or Departure of a hated Contrail, of that ill Hufband, morofe Parent,
cruel Mailer, falte Friend, and brutal and ill behaved Perlon, whofe Lofs may
he laid to be a Gain to his Family and Acquaintance, and to caufe a Sort of
Jubilee in that Houl'e to which his Temper and Behaviour were difagreeable
and dreadful : It is the greateft Proof of true and fmcere Affection, to be i^lad
at any profperous Turn of a Friend's Affairs, though it may be fome Inconve-
nience to burfelves, and the Paflions of Joy and Grief will fo claih in the
Mind of a true Friend, as to ftop the Excels of the latter, where we perceive
the Object of our Affection to be an Object of inch public Veneration, as
your Grace has the Pleafure of perceiving in your prefent Calamity.

Your Grace in the Lite-time of the Duke would have denied yourfelf any
Satisfaction for his Health and Amufunent, and though it was alwavs the
greateft Addition to his Pleafure when your Grace fhared in it, and when
you was the agreeable and beloved Companion of his Travel?, yet w hen Ju s
King, his Country, and his Honour ever called him from you, your -ftffifrfmjrf
regard to his Character, made vou fubmit and be eaiy in his Ab-

Je.'lce. His prefent removal, Madam, is only Ah[ai:c extended a little further, he
only obeys the call of the King of Kings, his great and divine Lord and Mailer,
he has met and conquered the laft and great Enemy of Nature, has leit with
Honour and an Eclat of Reputation, her I aft and dreadful Field of Battle, and
now wears the never fading .Laurels ofthcGoipel Victory, and has happily
palled through tins Wilderneis, to the delightful CariotJu, which he now
inhabits. Great and Noble as lie was, he could not live without fome Experi-
ence of Life's Changes and Chances, Vexations, Difappointment and Dilquie-
tucles ; and that he is now in Poiieilion of Pleafurcs and Jovs which are pure
and permanent, cannot but give lo affectionate a Friend as your Grace fome
Delight and Satisfaction. You have lot! a noble Partner and Contort, that
merited every Thing; from vour Grace, and the Tears which fall from your
Eyes, drop, as 1 have hinted, into a general River of Grief: But our own In-
tereirs fhould never oppofc the Intcrelts of thole we love ; we are exhorted not
to be forrv as Aden without Hope, and it is to be lorry without Hope, when
our Grief is immoderate and exceflive j for it luppofeth the irrational Notion
ot Annihilation to have taken Ro->t in our Mind-;, and that the Friend we la-
ment lhares no better Fate than the Brutes that pcrifh ; a Sorrow like this I
cannot fuppoie your Grace will give into, and it the Hopes oi Chriliianity are
mixt with your Grace's Concern, it will appear cruel, and that fome Part of
your Grace's Affection was loll with him, if his prefent Releafe from all Uu-
eafmets, and his Advancement to celeitial Honours are not able to moderate
your Grief, or if you could, for your own Sake, with him deprived 01 his fub-
lime Felicity, Rcafon, and Affection, therefore join their Efforts, and Die-
fate Contentment and Refutation, with an Event vou cannot, and 1 hope would
not alter.

I cannot but recollect, tho' I with on thisOccafmn it was ;;->! (b deeply rivet-
ted in your Remembrance, vein mutual I ir-ppinc;: Li that ' : '.' , '."hich for the

Geueulity

SUPPLE M E N T. 93

Generality is fo full of Variance and Difcord ; what aconftant ami unalterable
Regard did you both pay to the lolemnContract of Marriage? and in theCharac-
ters of Hufband and Wife, none could excel, few ever equalled you. I knew not,
in hi-- Grace'.; Life-time, where to direct my Sight to fuch another Pair, except
I mirrht have prefumed to life it up to thole * roval,illuirrious and happy Perlon-
uges, who are lo exemplary in that State, and whole Harmony ami Affection
are Inch tacit Reproofs to many Families of Quality ; amongft whom, permit me
to fav, there is too often a Difagreement, Inconltancy, Strangenefs and Indiffe-
rence, if not that utter Avcrfion which degrades the divine Inltitution, and ren-
ders Inch Perfor.s, however great and noble by Birth or Fortune, the Con-
tempt: and Reproach of the Chrillian World.

Ti-toi'uii one lb good and valuable to you is no more, he is featured in that
lovely Oft sprint:, in whom, by your Care and Education, you will ice the ami-
able Virtue- and Graces ot your dear Lord grow and lpring up before vour
Eves , and when that noble Tajk now left and committed to vou is finifhed, and
that lovely Prolpect of their Father's Excellencies is compleated in them, and
vou fhall receive your Call horn this tranfitorv State, you have the infallible
and unerring Word or God in lacred Scripture lor your Security, that their
noble Parents will again reunite and meet again, after this fad parting, in a Place
where their Joys will he infinite, and no more liable to Death or Seperation.

Think, Madam, how glorioufly he now triumph.-, and fhines in the Court
of the divine Maieffy above, whole approved Fidelity to his Prince, God's
Vicegerent on Earth, was fo remarkable, and whole true Nobility of Behaviour
and many Accompiijhments added fuch LuiTre to a Court below.

i^HATH has untied the matrimonial Knot, and for a while untwiited vour
united Hearts and Affections ; but in the Account ol the Creation we read, that
God brought the Woman to the Man, that he honoured the firjl State of Innocence
with performing, it 1 may lo (peak, the Holy Office, or Matrimoncy ; and if he
expected and exprefsly ordered that they Ihould never be putajjiindr, whom the
King of Kings and Lord of Lords, the great High Prie/l and Bijhop of Souls had
condefcended to join together, it is a molt eajy and natural Condupon, that he
would not him/, //'part vou tor ever, but after the irrevocable Stroke of "Mortality,
order you wiothtr ana more joyous Meeting in Heaven, there to recompence
with eudieis Love and Harmony, the Credit which you gave jn Earth to his
own divine Ordinance.

With Regard therefore to yonr Lofs, T hope I have proved to your Grace
there are lbme Alleviations, and that for one more Reafon, which i fha'i take
f'ne Liberty of mentioning, your Grace's Grief will not proceed to that Exccis
we far,.! Confeuuences with regard to your own Health, to a
>!c to the World, and m a particular Manner to the dear Remains
that t )bj--ctot your Affections, and conieuucntlv, belt Wiihe.-- and
noble Polterity. I am perfuaded theielore, that your Grace's
favourably accept thetc Efforts ol my poor Capacity, and will
filter my Reafons, mean as they are, to lellen your Grief, and lower ta. :e
PaiTuns oi ham m Nature, which are io apt to lwell, race ana be tumuhuou- in
fuch a cuttiu Calamity. 1 am in hope.-, that the prelcnt Fi-iicitv of 'our be-
loved Cji*ibri. tii it vour Regard to God and Nature's Law ot Sell-pie enation,

and

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94- SUPPLEMENT.

and to the innocent and noble Orphans, who will want more and more the In*
flucnce and Advantage of your Example and Precepts, will flop the Scream of
Nature's tender Sluices, and though it is a Pain the meft acute to be feperated
from a Part of yourfclf by the Death of fuch a Hufband, that you will recollect
his Advantage in your Lois, and make yourfclf eafy in a noble and generjus
Preference of his Happinefs to your own Satisfaction.

Nothing is loft but that mortal Part, which by the Fall of Man, is deftined
to Diiiolution ; his Soul exults with the celeilial Choir of Angels and Arch-
Angels, whilft the Memory of his Virtues dwells in the Hearts of all his
Friends, amongif, whom, I hope you will place

Your Graces mojl Dutiful, Obedient^

and Devoted humble Servant)

CD.

Verses on Mortality \ extracted from a Poem of the Compiler'jj
on the Death of the Right Hen. Henry Pelham, Ejq- 3

WHY falls this Tear, why fwells the flooded Eye ?
Why languifhes the Heart, and why this Sign :
No Stab of cruel Slander wounds my Name,
Nor Breath of Envy blafls my little Fame ;
No noify Creditors infeft my Door,
Nor Scorn of flighted Friends proclaims me poor ;
Her faircft Afpect gentle Nature wears,
Her vernal Drefs, her beauteous Bloom appears j
Her annual Favours, rich autumnal Fcaits,
Her Fruit with fweet Variety of Tafles ;
Enamel'd Gardens, and the Works of Art,
Which raife the Genius, all their Charms impart :
But ftill to me thefe pleaiing Views are vain,
And Life's Enjoyments agravate my Pain ;
The gloomy Grave my ficken'd Soul affrights,
And renders tallies Nature's gay Delights j
Some Friend inform me what the Fates can mean,
"Why have we, or why lo/'e this gilded Scene ?
O King of Terrors, juir. Revenge of God,
Rebellions Creature, and proud Mortals Rod;
Thou dreadful Venom of the Serpent's Sting,
That ftrik:^ the Peafant, nor regards a Kin^ ;
When thro' the World thy pointed Arrow glide.;,
Ta'-ct-, F:i"'.''i-: from Friend,, an 1 tv/ifkd Hl-ris dwldes - y

Whit

SUPPLEMENT. 95

VVhat rich Reflections doft thou give the Mind,

Of him thou leav'ft a little while behind !

From Duft we learn thy brittle Life began,

To Duft again returns, O reptile Man !

No Prince's Favour, nor the Pomp of State,

Nor Birth, nor Coronets, which made thee Great,

Which kept the gazing vulgar Crowd in awe,

Can fcreen thee from offended Heaven's Law.

In darken'd Rooms our mortal Ruins fee,

The dying Pains which foon will fall on thee ;

There view the Orphans Groans, the Widows Fears,

And Friends like Conduits dropping into Tears.

But with the Woes of Death fome good appears,
If * Solon's right, unfeemly are our Tears ;
By Death's Arreft the bufy Tongue is {till,
Nor evil Natures do us further 111.
The JP'eary there, the troubled are at Peace 4
And all our reftlefs raging Paflions ceafe ;
If good, our Exit leads to Scenes of Joy,
We gain a Treafure, and We lofe a Toy.

Shoot forth ye Cyprefs and ye Trees of Yew,
Ye Rofemary, and Beds of earthy Rue,
To make a dreadful Pofy for his Breaft,
That dotes on Life, and here expebhis Re/?*
'Tis in this Vale of Tears that Ills abide,
No Pains nor Sorrows in the Grave refide.
There upright Ministers that lov'd the State,
Nor murmur'd at the Checks of juft Debate ;
From cruel Darts of black'ning Envy reft,
And are by Angels and by Saints cared.
The Fruits of Virtue we may tafte and live.
But no fuch Fruits forbidden Trees can give ;
From Vice's painted Form rank Poifons flow,
And ev'ry Draught will prove a Draught of Woe ;
No Lands nor Lordfhips by bad Minds poiTeiVd,
No Stars With Vices fully'd on the Breajl,
Give ought to Man, 'tis Virtue makes him great,
Fit for the Smiles of Kings and Helm of State.
Ail private Knaves their public Potts difgrace,
Reproach the Friends that vote them into Place;
With Part., the' iavour'd, proftitute their Seat,
And arc more dangerous for being great.
In ancient Times 'ere Modes of Vtee "began,
The Man of Fajh'ion was the honejl Man ;
Untainted honour, modeft worth prevail'd,
Nor wicked Arts, nor crafty Schemes avail'd ;
* No Man is Lapov befcre Death.

O * ' None

96 SUPPLEMENT.

None courted Profligates, tncourag'd Tools t
And fools however circumftanc'd were fools.

By great Examples let us fquare our Lives,
Obferve when Merit dies, where Worth furvives ;
In Pope's Expreflions be in Virtus bold,
Live o'er each Scene and be what they behold ;
See great Men falling in a mortal State,
And copy Virtues which have made them great j
Who learn from fuch to live from fuch to die,
Can quit this tranfient World without a Sigh ;
When the grim Tyrant fends his gafliful Train,
And die pale Group convince us Life is vain ;
When they undrefs us for the Sleep of Death,
Stop by Degrees the lulling Wind of Beath ;
How bleft is he whofe Deeds fecure the Soul !
Who has that lively Faith will make him whole !
His Mind's unfhaken, and his Burthen light,
He dies allur'd whatever is, is Right.

I. H,

7?v Genealogy of Christ, as it is painted on the Eajt TFinikiv
if the College Chapel at Winchester.

AT once to raife our Rcv'rence, and Delight
To elevate the Mind, and pleafe the Sight,
To pour in Virtue at the attentive Eye,
And wait the Soul on Wings of Extafie ;
For this the Painter's Art with Nature vie:..
And bids the vifionary Saint ariie.

Who views the facred Form in Thought afpircs.
Catches pure Zeal, and as he gazes tires ;
Feels the fame Ardour to his Breafr. convey "d,
Is what he fees, and emulates the Shade.
Thv Strokes, great Artiir, fo (ublime appear,
They check our Pleafure with an awful Fear :
While thro' the mortal Line the God you trace,
Author himfelf, and Heir of 'Jeffe's Race ;
Jn Raptures we admire the bold Defign,
And as the Subject, own the Hand dviu(\
While thro' thy Work the rifmg Day (hall flrcam.
So long mall laft thy Honour, Praifc, and Name;
And may thy Labour to the Mule impart
Some Emanation to its Sifter Art,
To animate the Verfe, and bid it (bene
Ar. Colours eafv, ftrong, ar.d bright a, Tiiinc*.

SUPPLEMENT.

Supine on Earth an awful Figure lies,
While fofteft. Slumbers fecm to fcal his Eyes ;
The hoary Sire Heav'n's guardian Care demands,
And at his Feet the watchful Angel ftands :
He re Armon glories, proud, inceffuous Lord ;
This Hand fulfains the Robe, and that the Sword :
Frowning, andr'icce, with haughty Steps he tow'rs,
A id on his horrid Brow Defiance low'rs.
There Abfalom the ravifh'd Sceptre (ways,
And his frolii Honour all his Shame displays ;
i'he hale ulurping Youth, who ioins in one
The rebel Subject, and ungrateful Sen.
Amid the royal Race fee hlathan Hand,
Fervent he feems to fpeak, and lifts his Hand,
His looks th' Emotion of his Soul difclofe,
And Eloquence from ev'iy Gefture flows.
Such, ana fo item he came ordain'd to bring
The dreadful Mandate to the guiltv King :
When, at his dreadful Voice, a hidden Smart
Shot thro' the trembling Monarch's confeious Heart,
From his own Lips condemn'd, fevere Decree !
Had his God prov'd fo ftern a Judge as he :
Rut Man to frailty is alb/d by Birth ;
Confummate Purity ne'er dwelt on Earth :
Thro* all his Soul, tho' Virtue hold her reign,
Heat at his Heart, and fpring in ev'ry Vein ;
Yet ever from the cleareit Source have ran
Some grois Allay, fome Tincture of the Man.
But who is he deep mufing in his Mind,
Who feems to weigh in Reafon's Scale Mankind ?
I ix'd Contemplation holds his fteady Eyes :
i know the Sage, the Wifeft of the Wife ;
H'elt with a!! Man cou'd wifh, or Prince obtain.
Yet his great Heart pronounce thole Blcffmgs vain.
And lo ! bright giitt'ring in his facred Hands
hi miniature the glorious Tcmpie f'rands.
Effulgent Frame ! itupendous to behold,
Golcfthe ftrong Valves the Rn ,f of burnifli'd Gold.
The wandring Ark, in that bright Dome enfhrin'd,
Spreads the i'rong Light, eternrd, uriconhn'd ;
Above tli.it venerable Glorv plays,
Faience c'ivine ! and the full ffrcaming Rays
Pour thio' reluctant Clouds intolerable Bla/e.
But jlern Oppnffion rends Re'hn?n\ Reign ;

pv;

i^ee t,.e gay i rinee, i!i|unous, proun, and vain :
Th imperial Sceptre totters it) hb Hand,
-Vr' pnjud rebellion U'ium; !us o'er the Land - f

Cur'rt

98 SUPPLEMENT,

Cur'ft with Confufion's ever fruitful Spring

A beardlefs Senate, and a haughty King.

There Jfa good, and great, the Sceptre bears ;

Juftice attends his Peace, Succefs his Wars.

While Virtue was his Sword, and Heav'n his Sheild,

Without Controul the Warrior iwept the Field :

Loaded with Spoils, triumphant he return 'd,

And half her Swarthy Sons fad /Ethiopia mourn'd.

But fince thy flagging Piety's decay'd,

And God's Defence exchang'd for human Aid,

See thofe fair Laurels wither on thy Brow,

Nor Herbs, nor healing Arts avail thee now.

Nor is Heav'n chang'd, anoflate Prince but thou. J

No mean Attonement does this Lapfe require*

But fee the Son, you muff, forgive the Sire.

He, the juft Prince, with ev'ry Virtue blcft,

He reign'd, and Goodnefs all the Alan poflcit.

Around his Throne fair Happinefs and Peace

Smcoth'd ev'ry Brow, and I'mil'd in ev'ry Face*

As when along the burning Wafte he ftrav'd

Where no pure Stream in bubling Mazes play'd,

Where Drought incumbent on the thirfty Ground,

Long fince had breath'd her fcorching Blafts around*

The Prophet calls ; th' obedient Floods repair

To the parch 'd Fields ; tor "Jofirphat was there.

The new fprung Waves in many a gurgling Vein

Trickle luxurious thro' the fucking Plain :

Frefh Honours the reviving Fields adorn,

And o'er the Defert Plenty pours her Horn.

So from his Throne his Influence he incus,

And bids the Virtues raiie their languid Heads,

V\ here're he goes attending Truth pervails,

Oppreffion flies, and Juilice lifts the Scales.

Sec on his Arm the royal Eagle ftand ;

Great Type of Conqueft, and fupreme Command ;

'I \\ exulong Bird dilcingulih'd Triumph brings,

And greets the Monarch with expanded Wings:

Fierce Mutb\ Sons prevent th' impending Blow,

Rum on themff Ives, and fall without a Foe.

The pious Hero? vanquifh'd Heav'n by Pray Y

Fiij Faith an Army, and his Vows the War.

"1 lice too Uriah Fate indulgent bleft,

And thy Days ftione in brighten 1 Action iFcfr,

Til! that ivfh Hand by fom." blind Frenzy iwav'd,

Ln'iean the facred Office durfi invade,

Quick o'crthv Limbs the fcurvy Venom ran,

Aii J hoai , Fiilfi b npri; kled au the Aran.

Ti ai'swfl-vr

SUPPLEMENT. eo

v /

Tranfmiflive worth adorns the pious Son,

The Fathers Virtue, with the Fathers Throne.

Lo there he (lands j he who the Rage fubdued

Of Antrum's Sons, and drenched his Sword in Blood.

And doit thou Abaz, jfudab's Scourge, difgrace

With thy vile Front the Glories of thy Race ?

See the bafe King his iron Sceptre bear,

His only Praife attends his pious Heir.

He in whofe Soul the Virtues all confpire,

The heft good Son from the word wicked Sire :

And, lo ! in Hezekialfs golden Reign

Long exil'd piety returns again ;

In genuine Purity again fhe (bines,

And with her Prefence gilds the long-neglecled Shrines.

Ill-ftarr'd does proud Ajfyria's impious Lord

Bid Heav'n to Arms, and vaunt his dreadful Sword.

His own vain Threats th' intuiting King o'erthrow,

And breath new Courage on the gen'rous Foe.

Th' avenging Angel, by divine Command,

The fiery Sword full blazing in his Hand,

Leapt down from Heav'n, amid the Storm he rode, >%

March'd Peftilence before him, as he trode v

Pale Defolation bath his Steps in Blood. \

Thick wrapt in Night thro' the proud Hod he pafs'd

Difpenfitig Death, and drove a furious Blair. ;

Nor bad Deflxuchon give her Revels o'er,

Till the gorg'd Sword was drunk with human Gore.

But what avails thee, pious Prince, in vain

Thy Sceptre relcucd, and AJJyr'wns flain,

E'en now thy Soul maintains its lated Strife,

And Death's chill Grafp congeals the Font of Lite ;

Yet fee kind Heav'n renews the brittle Thread,

And rolls full fifteen Summers o'er thy Head :

Lo ! the receding Sun repeats his Way,

And like thyfelf, prolongs the falling Day.

Tho' Nature her inverted Courfe forgo,

The Day for ret to reft, the Time to flow ;

Yet (hail Jehovah's Servants (land fecure,

His Mercy fixt eternal (hall endure,

On them for ever healing Rays (hall (hine,

More mild, more bright, more Cure, O Sun, than thine,

At length the long expected Prince behold,
The laft good King, in ancient Days foretold - s
When Bethel's Altar fpake his future Fame,
Rent to its Bafe at good Jo/lab's Name.
Bled happy Prince, o'er whofe lamented Lrn
In plaintive Sons all Judab's, Daughters mourn :

P w ' For

ioo SUPPLEMENT.

For when fad Sions fofteif. Sorrows flow,

And "Jeremiah pours his fweet melodious Woe.

But now fall'n Sisn, once the Fair, and Great,

Sits deep in Duff, abandon'd, dcfolate.

Bleeds her fad Heart, and ever ftream her Eyes,

And Anguifh tears her with convulfive Sighs.

The mournful Captive fpreads her Hands in vain,

Her Hands that rattle with the fervile Chain ;

Till the great Chief, in Heav'ns appointed Time,

Leads back her Children to their native Clime :

Fair Liberty revives, with ail her Joys,

And bids her envy'd Walls fecurely rife.

And thou great hollow Dome in Ruin fpread,

Again {halt raife fublime thy facred Head :

But, ah ! with weeping Eves the Ancients view

A faint Refemblance of the old in you.

No more th' effulgent Glory of the God

Speak awful anfwers from the myftick Cloud :

No more the Altars blaze with Fire divine,

And Ileav'n has left thy folitary Shrine.

Yet in thy Courts hereafter (halt thou fee

Prefence immediate of the Deity : L

The Light himfelf reveal'd, the God confefl in thee. J

And now, at length, the fated Term of Years
The World's Defire hath brought ; and, lo ! the God appears.
The heav'nly Babe the V irgin Mother bears,
And her fond Loots confefs the Parents Cares.
The pleafing Burden on her Breaft me lays,
Hangs o'er his Chains, and with a Smile furveys.
The Infant fmiles, to her fond Bofom preft
And wantons fportive in. the Mother's Breaft.
A radiant Glory (peaks hirn all divine,
And in the Child the Beams of Manhood mine.
But no?/, alafs ! far other Views difclofe
The blackcft, comprehenfive Scene of Woes.
Sec where Man's voluntary Sacriiiee
Bows his meek Head, arid God eternal dies :
Fix'd to the Crofs his healing Anns are bound,
While copious Mercy dreams fromev'ry Wound.
Mark the Blood drops that Life exhamling Roll,
And the ftrong Pan^s that rend the ftrugling Soul,
- A s ail Death's Tortures, with (evere D^ay,
Exult, and Riot in their nobleft prey.
And can't thou, ftupid Man, thole Horrors (cc,
Nor (hare the Auguifh which he bears for thee ?
Canft thou ? while Nature fmarts in ev'ry Wound,
And each Pang cleaves the Sympathetic Ground,

Thy

SUPPLEMENT. ioi

Thy Sins for which his facred Flefh is torn,

Point ev'ry Nail, and fharpen ev'ry Thorn.

Lo ! the black Sun his Chariot backward driv'n

Blots out the Day, and perilhes from Heav'n :

Earth trembling from her Entrails bears her Part

And the rent Rocks upbraid Man's ftubborn Heart.

The yawning Grave reveals her gloomy Reign,

And the cold clay-clad Dead Hart into Life again.

And thou, O Tomb, once more (halt wide difplay

Thy fatiate Joys, and give up all their prey.

Thou Earth malt heave abforb'd in Floods of Elaine

As the lafr. Pangs convulfe thy lab'ring Frame,

When the fame God unfhrouded thou fhalt fee,

Wrapt in full Blaze of Power, and Majefty,

Ride on the Clouds, while as Ids Chariot flies ;

The bright Effufion ftreams thro' all the fkies :

Then mall the proud, diilolving Mountains glow,

And yielding Rocks in fiery Ri"ers flow.

The molten Deluge round the Globe fhall roar,

And all Mens Arts, and Labours be no more.

Then fhall the fplendour of th' cnliven'd Glafs

Sink undiftinguim'd in the burning Mafs ;

And oh ! till Earth, and Sea, and Heav'n decay,

Ne'er may that fair Creation fade away :

May Winds and Storms thole beauteous Colours fpare

Sill may they hit, as p -rrnanent, as fair.

And the vain Rage 01 waiting; Time repel,

And his Tribunal ice, whole Crofs they print fo well.

A r eerv curious Piece of Anliamh (an Original) Petition and
Reference in the Reign of Henry the Vlth.

'To the King our Sovcraigne Lord.

26 II. '). ) TJLEASE it yovrc Highneile of youre habundaunt Grace, con-
J448. )X fidering five Service that vcure humble Sutor, "John Ponvcoke^
Gcntalman Husiher ot vour honourable Chamber, hath done unto you before
Tv.nc, ar.d of that he purpoieth to do in Tyme comyr.<r, to graunt unto him
Licence to fhippe, or caufc to hz (hipped, in o.ne Shippe, or divers Shippes,
at anv Port, or Portes, within this youre noble Realme of Ireland, c. c. Sak
of \ Voile to be carried by him, by his Attorn , or by his Aflignee, Deputec,
or Attomes, Ins Heirs or Executors, unto fuch.c Place, as fhall be thought to
be be:!l (or Ins molt Increas and Profitte, as v. ell within youre Obe nance as
otherwhere; vel cling therefore unto you, ol ev'ry S.kxxS. for Allmanner of
Cufloms, Suhfidies and Charges due unto you in that behalfe, without Lett,
Interruption, Contradiction?, or witb.'ta: iinge of vou, youre Heirs, voure
DjSccrsj or any of youre Ldge Pepill, bothe by Water and by Land, waere-

fovVv .

102 SUPPLEMENT.

foever they be, any one Statute, Prohibition, enacted, made, rccevect, cf pro-
hibited unto the contrary, or to be ordeyned unto the contrary in Tyme com-
yng not withstanding, and he mail pray for you.
A/em. quod ijla fignat. & rejferatur Cancellar.
nojlro Augl. 29 Auguji nojlri Regni ihto.

By the King.
Henry Rex,

RYGHT reverend Fader in God, our ryght trufty and ryght welbeloved Ser-
vaunt, John Penycok, Hufher of our Chamber, hath reported unto us
that he hath certain Matters to fhew unto you at this Tyme. We therefore
pray you ryght fpecially to be his good and honourable Lord at all Tymes in
fuch wife, as we may haue Caufe to thank you for his Sake.

Given under our Signet at our Caftel oifVindefore, the xxii Day of Scptembre.

To the Ryght Revd Fader in God, and our
ryght trufty and ryght welbeloved th' Arch-
bifnop of Canterbury ', our Chancellor of England.

Endorfed on the Back, To our Chancellor of England.

An original Receipt and Acquittal of the Marquifs of Dorfet to
Edmund Knyghtley, EJq-,for his Right and Inter ejl in BliiT-
worth, te?n. Hen. 8.

THIS Bill made the fourth e Day of June, in the xix Yere of the Reign of
our Soveraigne Lorde King Henry the Vlllth. Witnefleth, That I
Thomas Lorde Marques Dorfet, hath receaved the Day of making hereof of
Edmund Knyghtley, Efquier, one hundreth Poundes fterling, in full Contenta-
tion and Payment of and for a Bargain and Sale of all my Right and Intereft
in BliJJwortb in the Countie of Northampton, made to the faid Edmund, as by
Indenter thereof made, bering Date the Daye and Yere above wryten dothe ap-
pear. In Witnes whereof I have figned this Bill with my own Hand

Thomas Dorssett.

A*. B. The Original is figned by die Marquis in his own Hand, and in my
Collection.

A true

SUPPLEME N T. 103

A true Tale of a certain eminent Thy fid an.

A Humorous Friend o! the phyfical Tribe,
For a funeral Sermon, a Parson' would bribe.
Tallc'd of Gloves, and of' Scarfs, and of Rings, and a Will,
In which he fhould find a Reward tor his Skill.
So rny Domitle Doclor, fays he, when I die,
Get into your Tub, and fay fomething that's high.
To be high, quoth the Pried, on a Subject fo low,
Is a difficult Tafk brother Doctor., vou know,
Of a Creature fo odd, O what can I fay,
Or how earn what I want, and you proffer to pa\- :
O where is your Merit, good Nature, or Grace,
Or for what are you known but for playing a Face.
You've Letters, 'tis true, and the Honours poileis,
Of L. M. orM. D. or perhaps F. R. S.
But what are all thefe for a pulpit Oration,
Which after vou're gone may travel the Nation.
For where is the Man that a Teller won't pay,
To fee what of you, I could poffibly fay ?

Live or die, then my Friend, think no more of this Matter, -

Unmerited Praife is the keenejl of Satyr, J.

Nor oblige me to rail, nor tempt me to fatter. J

A Letter from to a particular Friend, wrote

fome Tears ago, on the Publication of a fcandalous Print, re-
flecting on a worthy Dignitary of the Church.

SIR,

I HAVE the Favour of your Letter with the inclofed Print of the Ass, crV.
and am extremely forry to perceive that any thing lo low, fcurrilous ami
ill natur'd, mould give my Friend the leaft Pleafure ; and am dill more con-
cern'd that he mould think it could afford me any, who hate Scandal, and be-
fides live in the Neighbourhood, and am well acquainted with the Character
of the Gentleman, who I think is verv unjuiilv, as well as unkindly, made the
Object: of public Ridicule. It was his particular good Fortune to marry
the Daughter of a very eminent and pious Pre 1, who had thofe Prefer-
ments in his Power, and thought he could not bellow them better than where
natural Affection, as well as Regard to Merit dictated. He was an Eye Wit-
nefs of his behaviour in the Character of a Huiband, of his Tendernefs to a
beloved Child, and that he was never charged with, or guilty of any bad Con-
duct, to trivc him any Reproach, or do the leaft Discredit to his [udeinnit, in

O billcwir.s

j 04 SUPPLE M E N T.

' rig thefe Preferments upon him. For my own Part, Sir, I never rc-
cdved the leait Favour from any Part o: that Family, nor have any View, but
to:d you right i:> any ill Opinion which this ludicrous and ill manner 'd Print
may have given you cf that Gentleman ; lor you fay, you do not know him

Your chief Oh : ,cciion feems to be his monopolizing the Promotions in the
gift of that See, and that he pontiles what would be a Provifion for many
Clc-u; men. The fa me may be faid with regard to any large Fortune, which
a Man r.iav poifefs !rom the particular Eltecm, or Benefaction of a Friend,
It I'jQUi'd ;::a!:e many happy hut if the Pcrion in whom the fole Pro-
perty and difponng Power are veiled, mould lor any Realbns to himielf, or
out of cireat Efteem to a particular Relation give him his whole Fortune ;
thou, h his nearer and disregarded, or difinhcrited Relations might be pitied, or
even the Teftator cenfured, could any one blame fuch Legatee for being the
hanpy Object of his Notice, or would you, Sir, refign the Gift which you re-
ceived from his Bounty, and took no fraudulent Meafures to obtain ?

Permit me, my dear Friend, to bring the Matter nearer to yourfelf. You
have a large Eftate from a diftant Relation, to whom there were many of much
nearer Kin, you have many rich Farms and Eftates from tlxit Wdl\ what
would you think of a parakll Treatment, and if any Creature fhould be pic-
turd with all your Farms and Efhtes upon his Rack, and difperfed as Mr.
* * * * hadi d ivitb Fortune ?

As there are few Conveniences without fome ill ones attending them, it is
the Misfortune of this glorious Free Country, that many unwarrantable
L Ustties are taken with Superior 1 ;, many evil Speeches ot Dignities, and Free-
bgm, the darling Acquijiiion and Enjoyment of Mankind, is apt to degenerate
into Liccntioufnefs The Obiter of Envy is conftai tly the Object of Satyr and
iReurcule ; i nd Ivr no other Reafon than tor polTemng what our own ambitious
Hearts have been fet on. We are apt in thefe /ra? Times, andFafhion of Slander,
to give into fuch Sneers, Reflections and Abufes, as you feem at prefent mightily
cirv erred with : But take heed, my Friend, the Stones we fling very often re-
lerberate, and to peffefs large Eftates without enjoying, or making any gozdUfc
of them, discover in reality a human Brute loaded with Fortune.

Generofity, good Nature, and Plnfpitality, remarkably diftinguifh the Gen-
tleman which you apprehend this Picture fatyrlfes. He fii!s his Station and Pre-
krments with great Dignity and Decency; no Man of Fafhkm in the Country
live", or entertaines mere genteel v; and as his paternal Fortune is confiderable,
ins ecclefiaftical Acquifitions give him little more Pleafure than increafing his
Power and Ability to do good. Thefe Things I thought proper in common
juflicc to his Character, to obferve to you, and fhaH for the future be much
better pleafcd with a letter, though it only gives mean Account of your Health
than with any incisure of Invec'Tes however fmart and wittv. For as the
poor Fro'-s in the Fable complained to the idle Hits that were flindng Stones at
them // rti/v-i he (port to ton but is Death to a loiber.

<iatio>> is too tender a Tiling to be treated with Freedom and Sarcafm,
an I . Stab c! Ch: met r is cue! and inhuman, becauie the Wound is incurable,
an el :u:e fonoe 'is i: , are feldom Oi ever healed, but they leave fume Relied,
tcj ..-eCi the Cer-ititutiou.

Many

S U P P L E M E N T. ro 5

Many Perfons give into a little Wit and Archnefs which may femctirnes antjer
another ; but like a Bee, there may be fome Honey as we!: as Stir^ in their
Jokes, fbmething to pleafe as well as offend, but the fcurrilous and ahuhve
Man, who take.-. Pleafire in Defamation, is a IVafp, whom to be near is
dangerous, and who has ^:ily a Sting to gall and torment us.

You will think mc tedious, I ftrall therefore only add a Word or two by way
of Anfwcr to the bail Part of your Letter, and conclude.

You fay, that fuch a Number of Preferments, in one Man's PoiTeffion is u;.
preceduiled ; 1 a m lorry you are lo unacquainted with the Emjljh . >.:. ; . .
which gives us an Account of a very great and learned Msn in the IVboi >;
fames the fit, who was aiterwards ififhop ot Lincoln, and [keener of the i i: .
Seal, who was polieftof more Perferments, as you v ill perccb.e at the- End <-
Ins Letter to the Duke of Buckingham, as printed the Cabala, and; which, with
the Compliments of the Scafon, I have taken the Liberty to lend vou a Copy or.
It is a very curious remarkable Letter, and as well as a Cafe in Point, mav pro-
bably entertain you as it has done,

December 31, SIR,

i rom my 1 [oufe,
in Keut, 174c. Ten, m.'Jl obedient Servant,

Mv moil noble Lo>

Dr. w uiiams ft &><? )#?.

i' hath pleafed God to call for the fJifhop of London. I am Co confeious of
mine own Weaknefs and L ndefervin^s, that, as I never wa.s, lb now I
dare no; be a Suitor fur f<> great a Charge : But if ids Majefty, bv your ho-
nours Mediation (hall refblve to call me to perform him the belt Service I can
iii that Place, I humbly befecvh your Honour to admit me a Suitor in thcib
thn e Circumftarxe.

Firir, that whereas my Lord of London hath, furvived our Lady-ekiy, and re-
ceived all the Profits that mould maintain a Bifhop until La k-day ; 1 may by
hi. iviajeily's Favour retain ail mv I\ leans until the next Day after Michaelmas ;
tin-, i a Petition which i fhall be ncccTitatcd to make unto hb Majefty, if by
vou: bavour Ire i'houkl advance me to this Place, and injureth no Man elle in
the Wodd.

Secondly-, That whereas the Onnmifrions chalcivjre irom the Bifhons Re-
ve:r.: s r.oo/. \ r .d >\ 1 this ififhopuck bi dirs r already very meanly endowed, in
i" '"i.:\\ of the continual Change arnl exbauitmems (-1 the . 'bice ;) it would pieaic
bio .... -fly to leave :n mv hr:iub, 'e>\ \v:\\ of C:r:."ic:d;m, one Benciice or
mi:: , v. Inch fall. .::.: hi Mabib/b. IJhp' e ;:nun mv Remove, until it be oe-
t.nrbme by the b. .id. '. ; mmhrti :;-.;?, whcihci any Part of the Jjiihop's Means.

io6

SUPPLEMENT.

be due unto the Fabrick. My humble Suit is for IVahrave, a Benefice with
Cure in NcrthampUnJhire, where I have laid out all my Lftate in temporal Lands.
LafHy, That if it be found that the Bifhop is to join with the Refidentiarics
of St. Paul's in the Repair of the Church, his Majcrcy would qualify me by a
Ccmmendam to hold one of my Prebends, when it fhall fail to be a Rfidentiary
alio ; that if I be charged with the Burthen of Refdentiary, I might enjoy the
Profits of a Rcfidentinry. Thefe three Requeft 4o, I coi fefs, add unto me,
but co prejudice to no one elfe whatever. I fubmit them and myfelf to your
Honours Wifdom, tJc

1'he Names cf fucb Eccleftattical Promotions as I now retain, and will fall to be
difpnfed of by the King, if I fiwdd ht removed.

i Deanery of Wefbriinf}er,

2 Rectory of Dinam,

3 Re&ory of Walgravc,

4 Rectory of Grafton,

5 Prebendary of Peterborough,

6 Chaunter of Lincoln,

7 Prebendary of Afgarby,

8 Prebendary of Nonington,

9 Refidentiary of Lincoln,

FINIS.

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