UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES SCHOOL OF LAW LIBRARY --tei Sill m lih JOHN WHITEHEAD. THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY BY JOHN VVHITHHEAD -%--> MhMHbR OF THE NEW JERSEY BAR THE Boston History Company, Publishers 1897 ICRRATA. 1 ff^T,.- tliP name "lust." is soniclinies fouiul wriUen "Juct. Paee 2. line 7 from bottom, the name jusu and he is also described as "clerk.- as well as -mate. Page 2. line 5 from bottom, for "were" read "^'^^; .. PaL 13. line 11 from bottom, for "1G33-34." read " 1603-04. Paee 28, line 7 from bottom, for "joint" read "Lieut. Pase 94 line 7 from bottom, for "1665" read " 16oo. Page 99, line 21, for "grantors" read "grantees. Page 100 line 12 from bottom, for "West read East. Page 111 line 20, dele letter "s" in word "patents. I To my brethren of the Bar of New Jersey, I dedicate this work, bej^-iin witli distrust, continued under multiplied obstacles and com- l)leted with a c^n'^iiiiimiii^s of Its many defects. JOHN WHITEHEAD. Morris I t»\VN, X. J. June, is;*:. CONTENTS. PART I. JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY. ciiai*ti:r I. First Discovery ; Sebastian Cabot; John Verrazzano; Stephen Gomez; Henry Hudson; Just's Journal ; Hudson's Explorations in Newark Bay and Hud- son River; Claims tothe Country by the English and Dutch Settlers in New Jersey; Hergen County Settled by Hollanders; Dutch Names of Families; (irant to Sir Edmund IMoyden ; Dutch Settlements in Southern New Jersey; Grants of I^and in New Jerstv to Hollanders; Swedish Occupation of South- ern New Jersey 1-13 CHAPTER II. (irant to the Duke of York by Charles H; Copy of Letters Patent Making the Grant; Attack on New Amsterdam by Col. Richard Nicolls; Attack on Southern Districts of New Jersey by Sir Robert Carre; Subjugation of New Netherlands by the English ; Terms Granted to the Dutch on the Surren- der; Results of Rule by the Dutch; Grant of New Jersey to Berkeley and Carteret by the Duke of York; Copy of Release; Name of New Jersey — how Derived ; Lord Berkeley and Sir ( ieorge Carteret ; Discussion of Right of English King to Transfer Governmental Authority ; Distinction between the Letters Patent to York and the Relea.se by him to Berkeley and Carteret; Methods Adopted by the English Crown for Government of Colonies in America ; Grants and Concessions of Berkeley and Carteret 13-32 CHAPTER III. Grants and Concessions of the Lords Proprietors; Lord Baltimore and Mary- land; Roger Williams and Rhode Island; Copy of Grants and Concessions; Elizabeth Town; Grants by Governor Nicolls of Land in New Jersey; Con- ditions of Legislative and Judicial Affairs in New Jersey; Settlement of vi CONTENTS. Newark- Characteristics of its First Settlers; Fundamental Agreements: ^ ' 32-50 Copy ---- - CHAPTER IV. Copy of Commission of Nicholls, as Governor; Effect of his Commission ; Proc- lamation by Nicholls ; Application by Six Inhabitants of Jamaica for Liberty to Buy Land upon which to Settle in New Jersey ; Terms of Proclamation Issued by Nicholls; Deed by Indian Sachems; Extract from Deed by Nich- olls; Indian Title to John Baker and Others; Monmouth Grant or Patent; Copy of Monmouth Patent; Description of Country Conveyed by that Grant; Title to Lands in New Jersey; Indian Title; Dutch Title; Title from Gover- nor Nicholls; Title from the Lords Proprietors; Crown Lands; Title from the King; Right of Sovereignty Claimed and Exercised by Lords Pro- prietors; Charles IPs new Grant to York; Lease and Release to Sir George Carteret for East Jersey; Directions, etc.. of Carteret; New Com- mission as Governor of East Jersey to Philip Carteret; Copy of Com- mission to Philip Carteret; Treatment of Indians by First Colonists of New Jersey; Deed of Berkeley to John Fenwick and by Fenwick to Penn and Others; Quintipartite Deed; Division into East Jersey and West Jersey; In New Grant Berkeley's Name not Mentioned, nor that of his Assignees; Deed to Fenwick Mentioned in Quintipartite Deed; Fenwick Cf»nveyed to William Penn and Others; Edward Billinge; Tripartite Deed Executed by John Fenwick, Edward Billinge, William Penn and Others; Tripartite Deed Vests East Jersey in Sir George Carteret and West Jersey in William Penn and his Associates; Some Landholders Deny the Title of Carteret and Penn; Question as to Berkeley's Title; Edmund Andross, Governor; Berkeley and Carteret Act in Concert; Charles II Recognizes Carteret's Title; Andross Issues Proclamation Affirming Prior Grants; Andross Claims Authority Over New Jersey, Imprisons John Fenwick and Arrests Governor Carteret; His Acts Repudiated by York; Condition of Titles to Land in New Jersey; Mode of Obtaining Title. •"•1-82 CHAPTER V. Legislation Vested in Governor and Council and Deputies; Freemen; General Assembly; Legislature, Two Bodies; Acts Must be Approved by Both Bodies; Gov. Carteret Published Proclamation for Meeting of Legislature; First Legislature Met May 20, 1668; Six Townships Represented; Bergen, its Settlement and History; Patroons; Patroon Van Rensselaer; Michael Paauw ; Harsimus ; Elizabeth Town; Augustine Heerman; Cornelius Werck- hoven; Negotiations between Dutch and Puritans of New England; Robert Treat; Company of Royal Adventurers Trading with Africa; Robert Vau- quellin; Four Families from Jamaica; Philip Carteret Governor of New Jersey; Carteret Acknowledges Title Granted by Gov. Nicholls; Carteret and his Immigrants did not Settle Elizabeth Town ; Associates of the Four CONTENTS. vii Families from Jamaica; Names of Associates; First Lot, Second Lot and Third Lot Rights; Town Meetinjjs; John <')gden, jr., Jacob Mollins, Dep- uties to First Legislature from Elizabeth Town ; Newark ; Division of Land in Newark; The Principal Streets; William Campe; Relation of the People of Newark to the Church ; Jasper Crane and Rt)bert Treat First Deputies from Newark to the Legislature; John Bailey, Daniel Denton, Luke Watson and their Associates; Daniel Pierce; Woodbridge; Piscataway; Convey- ance to Daniel Pierce; John Bishop, Robert Dennis, Deputies from Wood- bridge; Charter to Woodbridge; Piscataway; Second Baptist Church in New Jersey; Middletown ; Romantic Incident Connected with its Settle- ment; Legislation Exercised by the Patentees of the Monmouth Patent and Deputies Chosen by Middletown, Shrewsbury and Portland Poynt; First Legislature in New Jersey; James Grover, John Bound, Richard Harts- borne; Shrewsbury; Action of Middletown on Legislature which Met at Elizabeth Town May, 1G08; Delegates from Middletown and Shrewsbury Rtfuse to Tiike ihc ( );ith of Allegiance aiitl'are Dismissed 82-113 CHAPTKk \I. Importance oi First Legislature; Characteristics of Deputies; Names and Sketches of the (lovernor's Council; Nicholas N'erlet, Dauiel Pierce, Robert B<)nd. Samuel Edsali.Ro])ert Vauquellinand William Pardon ; Sketch of James Bollen, Secretary of Council; Laws Passed liy the First Legislature; Num- ber and Character of; Thirteen Crimes Punishable with Death; l)iscontent of Colonists; Governor Carteret Becomes Un]iopular; His Characteristics; Character of the Thirty Immigrants who came with Carteret; Carteret Claimed the Right to Make them "Freemen;" Grievance of Middletown and Shrewsbury; the Inhabitants of the Two Towns Attack the Legality of the Election of Deputies; Second Session of the Legislature; Names of Dep- uties; Continued in Session Four Days; Message fnjin Deputies to Gover- nor and Council; Answer to the Message; (juarrel Between Governor and Colonists about Ouil Rent ; Discussion of Propriety of Objections to Payment; Newaik's Action; Carteret's Behavior and Action; Colonists Elect a Legis- lature, which Appoints James Carteret Governor; Philip Carteret goes to England; Settlements on East Bank of Delaware; Peter Jegon and F'abrus Cutout, Delegates from "Delaware River;" Legislature did not Convene for Seven Years; Members of Legislature in 1G75; Philip Carteret goes to England; Legislature of 1675 Passed Thirty-seven Acts; Thirty-seventh Act; Places of Meeting from 1675 to 1681 ; Oaths of " Fedility" and Allegi- ance; First Thanksgiving Day; Re enacting Laws Pa-ssed ; West New Jer- sey Proprietors Offer Terms to Immigrants; Concessions and Agreements; (Quakers in New Jersey; Governmental Authority to Proprietors of West Jersey; Commissioners and their Powers; No Oath Required from Officers or Witnesses; Indians Protected; Mi.xed Juries; Election of Legislators; Penalty for Bribery ; Liberty of Speech ; Power of Legislature; Equal Tax- ation ; Religious Tolerance; First Legislature of West Jersey; Edward viii CONTENTS. Billinge; Fundamentals; Thomas Ollive; No Punishment for Capital Of- fences; No Specific Penalties for Certain Offences; Only one Specific Pen- alty; No Courts Created; Trial by Jury of Twelve Men; Commissioners to Sit with Jury; In Criminal Cases, Person Injured could Remit Punishment; Crimes Committed during former Government Remitted; Additions to Stat- utes; Land made Liable for Debts; Attachments: Security Required Be- fore Arrest in Civil Cases; Conveyances of Estates of Married Women; Quotations from Statutes in Both Provinces; Records of Deeds and Other Documents; Comparison of Laws of Both Provinces; Act for "Establish- ing" Schoolmasters jn East Jersey 114-15G CHAPTER VIT York Claims Riglit to Impost Duties; Claim Resisic-ii; correspondence between York's Private Secretary and Andross; Commissioners of West Jersey Protest against York's Claim; The Duke Consults with Sir William Jones; Jones Decides against the Clami ; The Duke Directs Deed of Confirmation, or Release, to be Prepared; Deed Executed to William Penn and Associ- ates, Releasing the Claim ; Condition of Affairs in New Jersey Prior to the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century; Weakness of Proprietary Govern- ment; The Earl of Perth and Lord Campbell; Written Protest of Commis- sioners against the Claim to Impost Duties; Inducements to the Pro- prietors to Surrender the Government; Negotiations for Surrender with William and Mary; " Memorial " from Proprietors of East Jersey to Council of Trade; Conditions upon Which Surrender Would be Made; Answer to "Memorial;" United Petitiprietors to the Answer of Councilor Trade; Joint Memorial of Proprietors to King; Opinion of Board of Trade on the (Jucstion of Surrender; In 1702 Anne Be- comes Oueen ; Surrender, 15th of April, 1702; Accepted by the Oueen; Corn- bury Becomes Governor and the Two Provinces Consolidated ; Conse(juen- cesof Surrender; "Grants and Concessions " and "Concessions and Agree- ments " Cease to Have Any Force; " Iustructi<)ns" to Cornbury; Their Character; Quotations from Them; Comparison between "Instructions" and the "Grants and Concessions"; Sketch of Lord Cornbury; he is Re- moved in 1708 156-178 CHAPTER VIII. Change of (lovcrnmcnt ; Only one Governor Prior to llie Divisiiui; I'niiip Car- teret; Quarrel between Him and the Legislature: Robert Barclay, Govern- or; Sketch of; Thomas Rudyard Deputy; Sketch of ; Gawen Lawrie, Dep- uty, Sketch of; Lord Neill Campbell, Deputy; Lawrie and Rudyard Removed for Disobedience; Correction of Date of Barclay's Term ; Tatham and Dudley; Moneybaird's Eccentric Devise; Andrew Hamilton Substituied Deputy; Sketch of; Andross's Invasion ; His Arrest ; Question as to Legality CONTENTS. of Hamilton's Commission ; Removed; Jeremiah Basse; Sketch of; Andrew Bowne; Question as to Hamilton Decided in his Favor; Edward Billinge, Governorof West Jersey ; Samuel Jennings, Deputj'; Daniel Coxe, Governor of West Jersey: Sketch of; Andrew Hamilton Reinstated; Sketch of Daniel Coxe; Legislature of the Whole Province After the Surrender ; Cornbury, Governor; How Legislature Constituted ; Thomas Gardiner, Speaker; Leg- islature Demands Certain Rights; Speech of Cornbury; Law about Purchase of Land from Indians; Process of Enacting a Law; Laws Introduced; Richard Hartshorn's Right as Delegate. Challenged ; Journal of the Votes of the Legislature; Controversy between I egislature and Cornbury about Raising Money ; Cornbury Dissolves the Legislature; Cornbury Attempts to Control the Elections; L^nsuccessful ; The Right of Gardiner, Lambert and Wright to Sit as Delegates. Challenged; They were Rejected; After a Year's Time, Admitted; Qualifications of Voters; of Representatives; Serv- ility of Legislature of 1704 to Governor; Change of Action of the Assembly; Legislature Refused to Raise any Money for Payment of Governor's Salary; Governor Prorogues the Legislature until 170G; During the Vacation, Dis- content; Third Assembly Met April 5, 1707; Address of Governor; Assem- bly Considers Speech in Committee of the Whole; William Anderson, Clerk of the House, and the Assembly Quarrel; Legislature Unanimously Decide that Committee of the Whole has a Right to Select its Own Secretary; Corn- bury Makes Another Speech; Assembly Stand Firm; Matter Referred to Governor; Anderson Discharged; Remonstrance Against Governor; Thir- teen Grievances; Remonstrance Presented to Governor; Incidents Accom- panying Presentation to the Governor; Answer of Governor; Peter Faucon- nier, Receiver General; Legislature Require His Vouchers; Action of Leg- islature; Quarrel between Governor and Assembly Brought to the Attention of the Queen ; She Dismisses Cornbury ; Lewis Morris Rival Candidate for Governor with Cornbury ; Comparison of Proprietary and Royal Rule ; Lord Lovelace, Governor; Sketch of; Governors Address; Reply; Lieutenant- Governor Ingoldsby and Part of Council Write a Letter to the Queen ; First Issue of Pajjcr Currency; Legislature Adjourned to November, 1709; Love- lace Dies; Succeeded by Robert Hunter; Sketch of; Composition of Assem- bly: Parker Family; Answer to Governor's Speech; Representation by Counties Appears; Salem, Sketch of; Freehold, Sketch of; Burlington, Sketch of; Quakers not Permitted to Sit on Juries; Attempt of Legislature to Remedy this Evil; Council Reject the Law Passed for that Purpose; Action of the Legislature with Reference to the Letter from Ingoldsby and Council to Q)ueen ; Members of Council Who Signed Letter Expelled; Leg- islation of 1718; Slaves; White Servants; Ferry Across the Delaware at Burlington; Duty on Slaves; Conveyances of Land; Recording of Deeds; Quakers Permitted to Sit on Juries; George I Becomes King; Legislature of 1716 ; Opposition to Hunter ; Daniel Coxe, Speaker ; Legislature Prorogued to May, 1716; Then only Nine Members Appeared; Four Brought in by Warrant; Speaker Coxe and Absentees Expelled; Some Re-elected, but Rejected: Legislature of 1717; Acts Appointing Commissioners to Define Boundary Line Between New Jersey and New York, and Division Line Be- ^ CONTENTS. tween East and West Jersey; William Burnet, Governor: Sketch of; John Montgomerie, Governor; Lewis Morris. President of Councd. AcUng Gov- ernor- William Cosby, Governor; Question of Separation from New \ovk Advocated- John Anderson. Acting Governor; John Hamilton. Acting Gov- ernor- Separation of the Two Provinces; Lewis Morris. Governor of New Jersey- Sketch of - Morris's Administration ; Failure of Morris as Governor; John Hamilton. Acting Governor; Jonathan Belcher. Governor; His Admin- istration- Influence of French War on the Colony; John Reading. Acting Governor; Francis Bernard. Governor; Josiah Hardy. Acting (.overnor; September 1T62. William Franklin Became (iovernor; Last Royal Gov- ernor; Troubles Between the Mother Country and the Colonies; Franklin s ^ Administration CHAPTER IX. Thirteen Counties in ITTU; First Mention ; Four County Courts; Four Counties in East Jersey Created in 1682.-Bergen. Essex. Middlesex and Monmouth; Boundary Lines; Counties Might be Divided into Townships; Defects in Description of Lines; Attempts to Remedy Defects; In 16U:J, Counties in East Jersey Divided into Townships; Somerset County. Boundary- of; Tenths; Representatives from, not from Counties; Officers Appointed for Tenths.' not for Counties; Courts at Burlington and Salem; Cape May. its Boundary, Change in ; Line Between Burlington and Gloucester Changed ; Burlington; Salem; Cape May; Bcninds of Bergen. Essex. Somerset. Mid- dlesex Monmouth; Line Between Burlington and Gloucester; Assanpink, Pensauquin and Old Man's Creeks; Salem; Cape May; Jecak's or West Creek- Nine Counties in New Jersey at Time of the Surrender; Partition Lme Between East and West Jersey; Keith Line; Act of 1719 Providing for Running Partition Line; Lawrence Line; Suit Settling which the Proper Line; Cornelius vs. (iiberson ; Hunterdon; Hunterdon. Boundary of; Boundary Line Between Somerset. Middlesex and Monmouth; Morris County, Boundary of; Part of Essex Annexed to Somerset; Cumberland. Boundary of; Townships in Cumberland ; Somerset and Morris; Sussex County. Boundary of; Legislature Passes Act Allowing Counties to Change Their Boundary Lines; Electors in Morris, Cumberland and Sussex Al- lowed to Vote in their own County; Each Allowed Two Representatives; Thirteen Counties in New Jersey in 1776; Townships Made Corporations; Wards and Precincts; Boundary Lines of Essex. Middlesex. Monmouth. Salem. Cumberland; Cape May Defined; Warren. Bounds of; Camden. Bounds of; Ocean, Bounds of; N..w Twcnty-(me Counties in the State.. ..302-32 CHAPTER X. Third Stage; Statehood; Different Parties; Titles of Acts, by Constitution, Re- quired in the Name of the Colony, not of the State; This Title Never Used; Qualifications of Members of the Legislature; Provincial Congress Ap- CONTENTS. xi proves the Declaration of Independence; Title of Provincial Congress Changed: Perpetuates Itself ; A Committee of Safety; Recognized by the Legislature and Called Council of Safety; First Meeting of Council of Safety; First Assembly of New Jersey Under Constitution; Oaths of Ab- juration and Allegiance; Three Legislative Bodies; Provision Made to Pre- vent Errors in Practice of the Courts; Deportment of Inhabitants in Their Changed Condition; First Legislation; Confiscation of Estates of Tories; Personal and Real Estate Sold; Change in the Laws of Descent; Court of Admiralty; Gift to Steuben; His Letter; William Livingston Elected Gov- ernor ; Sketch of His Lite 828-337 CHAPTER XI. Radical Changes in Government by Constitution of 1776; the Council and As- sembly; The Governor; No Essential Change in Selection of Judges; People Approved the Constitution; Second Meeting of the Legislature; Condition of Affairs in the Colonies at the Breaking out of the War; Jealousy of Smaller States Towards the Larger Ones; Continental Congress; Three Plans of Confederation; Franklin's Plan; Galloways's Plan ; Third Plan Adopted; Delegates from New Jersey; Crisis in Period from 1783 to 1788; Action of the Colonies During the War; the Articles of Confederation! Condition of Country at Close of the War; The Wyoming Catastrophe; De- fects of the Articles; Washington's Anxiety ; His Action with Reference to a Federal Constitution; Constitutional Convention; Charactor of its Mem- bers; Three Parties in the Convention; Two Plans in the Convention, the Virginia and the New Jersey; Action of William Paterson in the Conven- tion; Outline of the New Jersey Plan; Dissatisfaction with the Constitution; Washington Aids in its Adoption by the States; Finally Accepted; New Jersey's Action on the Constitution ; Convention Elected ; Its Action ; Amend- ments to the Constitution; Advantage of the Constitution to New Jersey; That Document an Evolution; Action of the Soldiers after Peace; Federal- ists and Democrats; List of (Jovernors from 177G to 1844 ..338-301 CHAPTER Xn. Constitution of 1770 Lacking; Attempt made to Change, in 1790; In 1844, Act Passed to Elect Members to Convention to Prepare New Constitution ; Provis- ions of Act; Isaac H. Williamson, President; Alexander Wurts, Vice-Presi- dent; Mr. Williamson Resigns ;Wurts Elected President; Convention finished its Labors June 29, 1844; Constitution Signed, Presented to the Governor, and Filed in Office of Secretary of State; People by Large Majority Ratified it; Changes in Government Created by New Constitution; Difficulty about Senatorial Districts; List of Governors Since 1844; Decision of the Courts as to the Constitutionality of System of Dividing States into Legislative ^'^tricts 36j_3g5 xii CONTENTS. chaptp:r XIII Courts of New Jersey not Established on any Systematic Plan until the 18th Century; Population, at first, not Homogeneous; Dutch, Norwegians, Puri- tans, English, Quakers, Swedes and a few Danes; Unsettled Character of the Province Prevented any System ; Settlers too Busy in Obtaining Sub- sistence; Courts not Needed; Division into Two Provinces Retarded Estab- lishment of Courts; First Court at Bergen in 1661 ; Surrender of Government to Queen Anne had no Influence on this Court at Bergen ; Court at Newark Created by Town Meeting in January, 1660; Character of this Court; First Legislative Action about Courts in 1675; Local Court at Woodbridge in 1668; Governor Carteret sought Aicj from these Courts; Courts in Monmouth, in 1667 Created by Governor Nicholls, by Patent; Three kinds of Court Created by Legislature, in 1675; In 1682 Change Made; Courts of Small Causes; High Sheriff; Court of Cf)mniou Right; Comparison with Modern Courts; No Rules for fiuidance of Ancient Tribunals; Grand Jury; Courts of Sessions; In 169;i, Supreme Court of Appeals; Influence of Quakers on Character of Punishments; Contrast between Penal Code of West Jersey and that of East Jersey; Thirteen Crimes Punishable with Death in East Jersey; No Enactment in West Jersey Providing for Death Penalty; In- fluence of "Concessions and Agreements" on Courts in West Jersey; Court of Chancery; Constitution of 1776; Courts of Appeals under Constitution of 1776; Defects of this Court; Cornbury's Action Relative to Courts; Creation of County Circuit Courts; Good Results of these Courts; Pleading in the Courts; Styles of Action Changed; First Term of Supreme Court in the Colony; Roger Mompessou ; William Pinhorne; Thomas Gordon; David Jamison; William Trent; Robert Lettice Hooper; Thomas Farmar; Lewis Morris; Daniel Coxe; Robert Hunter Morris; William Aynsley; Nathaniel Jones; Richard Salter; Samuel Nevill ; Charles Read; Frederick Smyth; David Ogden ; Richard Stockton; David Brearley; Provincial Congress 1776; Rev. Jacob Green; Constitution of 1776; Samuel Tucker; John De Hart; Robert Morris; John Cleves Symmes; Isaac Smith; James Kinsey; John Chetwood; Elisha Boudinot; .vndrew Kirkpatrick; William S. Pen- nington; William Rossell ; Mahlon Dickerson ; Samuel L. Southard; Gabriel H. Ford; Charles Ewing; George K. Drake; Joseph C. Horn- blower; John Moore White; Thomas C. Ryerson : William L. Dayton; Daniel Elmer; James S. Nevius; Ira C. Whitehead; Thomas P. Carpenter; Joseph F. Randolph; Henry W. Green; E. B. D. Ogden; Lucius Q. C. Elmer; Stacy G. Potts; Daniel Haines; Peter Vredenberg; Martin Ryer- son; Edward W. Whelpley; William S. Clawson ; John Van Dyke; George H. Brown; George S. WoodhuU; Joel Parker; Mercer Beasley; Joseph D. Bedle; Van Cleve Dalrimple; David A. Depue; Bennet Van Syckel; Ed- ward W. Scudder; Manning M. Knapp: Jonathan Dixon, jr. ; Alfred Reed; William J. Magie; Charles Garri.sou ; George C. Ludlow; Gilbert Collins.. 365-49^ CONTENTS. x:ii CHAPTER XIV. COURT OF CHANCERY. Court of Chancery; Discussion in 1709, as to this Court, in Governor's Council; Opinionsof Richard Stockton, David Ogden, C. J. Frederick Smj'th, Charles Reed and Samuel Smith. Three Opposed Court; Two Favored It; Court P2.xisted During and Since Cornburj-'s Time; Cornbury and other Governors Sworn in as Chancellors; Took Oath as Chancellors, or the General Oath to " Administer Justice Duly and Impartially ;'" Court at First Unpopular : Con- stitution of IT'iG Recognized Court ; Governor made Chancellor; Constitution of 1844 Made Chancellor Independent Officer; Change in Practice of Court as to Taking Testimony; Appointment of Vice-Chancellors; Names of Pres- ent Judges of Court; Sketches of Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors 497-527 PART II. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER inUO INDEX. JUDICIARY AM) CIVIL HISTORY. 591-598 BIOGRAPHICAL REtilSTKR 599-611 PORTRAITS, PART I. Beasley, Mercer facing 80 Dixon, Jonathan facing 392 Bedle, Joseph D. facing 192 Dodd, Amzi .facing 400 Bird, John T facing 416 Emery, John R facing 424 Bradley, Joseph P facing 96 Fleming. James facing 304 Cannon. Garrit S facing 312 Frelinghuysen, Frederick T.. facing 200 Collins, Gilbert facing 464 Frelinginiysen, Theodore facing 128 Depue, David A facing 376 Garrison, Charles G facing 448 CONTENTS. Green. Henry W... facing Green, Robert S facing Grey, Samuel H .facing Griggs, John W facing Halsey, George A facing Hobart, Garret A facing Hornblower, Joseph C facing Hutchinson, Mahlon .facing Joy, Edmund L facing Keasbev, Anthony Q facing Kirkpatrick, Andrew... facing Kirkpatrick, Andrew facing Knapp, Manning M facing Lippincott, Job H facing Ludlow, George C facing McCarter, Thomas N facing McGill. Alexander T facing Magie, William J facing Merritt, Ewan facing Miller. Richard T facing Nevius. Henrv M facing 48 Nixon. John T facing 176 216 Parker, Cortlandt facing 504 496 Parker. James facing 328 344 Parker, Joel .facing 168 320 Pitnev, Henrv C facing 408 352 Reed,' Alfred'. facing 440 32 Richey, A. G.. facing 280 296 Run von, Theodore facing 112 336 Scud'der, Edward W facing 184 240 Shipman, Jehiel G facing 272 16 Sims, Clifford Stanley facing 264 472 Thompson, David facing 248 232 Van Fleet, Abram V facing 224 432 Van Syckel, Bennet facing 384 456 Voorhees, Peter L facing 256 512 Vrcdenburgh, Peter facing 160 360 Vroom, Peter D facing 144 368 Whelplev. Edward W facing 64 2S8 Whitehead. John frontispiece 480 Woodhull. (ieorge S facing 208 488 PART II. Angle, (ieorge A facing 6 Applegate, John S facing 12 Habbitl, Robert O facing 18 lUinta, William S facing 24 Hartine. John D facing 30 Bedle, Joseph D.,.. facing 36 Beldon, Samuel W facing 42 Bergen. James J facing 48 Borton, Joshua E facing 54 Burnham. Frederick G facing «!(» Carrovv, Howard facing 66 Clymer, Robert S facing 72 Cole, Clarence L facing 78 Conover. J. Clarence ..facing 84 Coult. Joseph facing 90 Cutler. Willard W facing 96 Cutter, Ephraim facing 102 Douglass, Harry S facing 108 Dudlev, Edward facing 114 Duran'd, James H facing 120 Emlev, Eugene facing 126 Endicott, Allen B facing 132 English, James R facing 138 Fielder, George B facing 144 Flanders. Howard facing 150 Fuller, Charles W facing 156 Gangewer. Allen H. facing 162 Garretson. Abram O. facing 168 Gaskill, Joseph H. .~. facing 174 Hamill. Hugh H. ... facing 180 llarned, Thomas B. facing 186 Harris, Henry S facing 192 Havhurst. Walter F facing Heiidrickson. Charles E. facing Hilliard. William T. facing Hoagland. James R facing Hopper. John facing Hugg, Alfred facing Huston. Henry facing JetTery. Oscar'. facing Jessup. John S facing Johnson, John L facing lohnson, William M facing Johnston. Aaron E facing Kavs, Thomas facing Kcan, John facing Lewis, William A facing Lowthorp, Francis C facing McGee. Flavel facing Merritt, Charles Ewan facing Middleton, Thomas W facing Mills. Alfred facing Morgan, J. Willard facing Newcomb, Leverett facing ( )lds. Franklin M facing Pancoast. David J facing Patterson. C. Ewing facing Rabe, Rudolph F facing Reed. Charles A facing Revnolds, ( ieorge facing Ro'maine, Isaac. facing Rosebcrrv, Joseph M facing Rusliug, 'James F facing Russ, Edward ...facing 198 204 210 216 222 228 234 240 246 252 258 264 270 276 282 288 294 300 306 312 318 324 330 336 342 348 354 360 366 372 378 384 CONTENTS. Salmon. Joshua S facing- 390 bchenck, Abraham V facing ;J90 Schenck, Samuel M facing 40'' Scott. Francis facinl 408 Shipman. George M facing 414 Shreve. Benjamin D facing 420 Simonson, Theodore facing 4''G Sinnickson. Clement H.. facing 43'> Skillman, Charles A facing 438 Smith. Abel I facinl 444 Smith, l-ord D ..facinj450 Stephany. August facing 456 Strong. Alan H facing 464 Strong. Woodbridge facing 47" Stuhr, William S. . . . facincr 4sn Terhune.W,,,iamL..:::::::.f'jSn|4l8 Thonipson, Joseph f acinS 496 '/Z^^^h^t""^' ^^ facing 504 ruttle.Hobart...^.. facinj 512 ig ig Voorhees. Willard r;; ;:::;: [f^clnf 544 Whees. John S. facing 552 \ reeland John R. facinf 560 \ room Garret D. W facinj 568 Wn,?'"'wy.^ facinl 576 \\illiams, Washington B facing 584 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF New Jersey. CHAPTER 1. F'irst Discovery; Sebastian Cabot; John \'errazzano; Stephen Gomez; Henrj' Hudson; Just's Journal; Hudson's Explorations in Newark Bay and Hudson River; Claims to the Country by the English and Dutch Settlers in New Jersey; Bergen County Settled by Hollanders; Dutch Names of Families; Grant to Sir Edmund Ployden ; Dutch Settlements in Southern New Jersey ; Grants of Land in New Jersey to Hollanders; Swedish Occupation of Southern New Jersey. It is extremely dirticiilt io determine who was the first European to put his foot upon the soil of New Jersey. Six years after the discov- ery of America by Christopher Columbus, Sebastian Cabot, a Venetian sailor, but then in the service of Henry VH, the king- of England, coasted along the eastern shore of the North American continent, in the latitude of New Jersey. Whether he explored any part of the land along which he sailed until he reached the vicinity of New York Bay, or whether he went on shore at all, does not appear. He had, prior to that time, visited Labrador, discovered New Foundland, and had sailed southward as far, it is believed, as Cai)e Florida, but he made no settle- ment; he made occasional landings, but exactly where cannot be de- termined, and he took possession of the country in the name of the English king. Five years later John Verrazzano, sailing in a French ship, in the service of Francis I, king of France, visited the same part of the con- tinent. He made a landing, the exact location of which cannot now be ascertained, and reported of hi.'? yoyage, somewhat in detail, to his I 2 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSET. royal master, the French king; among other matters, sending him an account of this visit to the shore. He did not, however, give any land- mark to aid in the discovery of the precise spot where he landed, except that he spoke of steep hills; of a river; and told how the tide rose eight feet in this river. He also wrote of st>me inhabitants he saw there, described their clothing, and praised their friendly manner and hospitality. Verrazzano's description is so very vague and uncertain that no dependence can be placed upon it for the purpose of ascertain- ing whether the spot he thus visited was in New jersey. It is, in fact, very doubtful whether it was. In Ify'l-i .Stephen Gomez, a Spaniard, sailing in a Spanish vessel, reached the same shcjres. He was engaged about a year in this enter- ])rise, but it is nowhere recorded that he accomplished anything more than simply sailing along the eastern coast of America. No settlement was made by either of these navigators, nor was there any attempt to disctjver the resources of the country. Nearly a century elapsed before any further efforts were made, even tt) explore this new c(;ntinent. In HiOl) Henry Hudson, an ICnglishman and an experienced sailor, then in the service of the Dutch East India Company, sailed from I^>uro])c tinvards the west with the expectation that he could pass through America and thus reach the Indies. Late in the month of August he entered Delaware Hay, but did not proceed far in that direc- tion, as he found that body of water difficult to navigate. He left the ba\-, therefore, and directed his course northward, along the eastern coast of New Jersey and, on the :Jd of September, in the afternoon of a Thursday, dropped anchor near Sandy Hook. He spent a few days after his arrival in exploring the country and made his way a short dis- tance into what is now a part of Monmouth county. There can be no doubt that this is the locality he reached. A journal of the voyage has been published in the printed proceedings of the New York Historical Society which fully establishes this fact. This journal was kept by Hudson's mate, a man named Just. He then seemed to have directed his attention to another part of New Jersey, where he encountered some opposition from the natives. A boat load of his men were inter- cepted, as they returned to the ship, by two canoes, one having twelve and the other fourteen men on board. In the encounter which ensued, a seaman named Coleman was shot in the neck by an arrow, and was killed, and another sailor was wounded. The treatment which his men DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT. 3 received on this second exploring visit was so entirely different from that extended by the aborigines on his first, that curiosity is excited to learn the reason of the change. At the first visit they were received with all kindness, gifts were offered to them ; what in Just's journal was called "green tobacco" and "dried currants," probably preserved whortleberries, were among these gifts. No reason is given in the account for the change and, at this late day, none can be learned. There is no doubt from the description given in the journal, that this second visit of Hudson's men was made somewhere in the neigh- Ijorhood of the strait dividing Long Island from Staten Island, and now called the ''Narrows." It is almost certain that they reached Newark Hay. just says in his journal that they arrived at "a narrow river to the westward ])etween tw(» islands, so thcyiccnt in two leagms and saw an open sea and returned. " The "narrow river to the westward " may have been, in all jjrobability was, the Kills, and the "open sea" Newark Bay. Hudson abandoned any further exploration of the countrv and pro- ceeded up the river, to which his name was given. He .sailed, un- doubtedly, as far as the spot now occupied by the city of Hudson and anchoring his vessel there, sent a boat and some sailors to what is now Albany. He reached Hud.son some time between the 12th of Septem- ber, the day on which he entered the river, and the 4th of October, when he came out of the river into New York Ray and started on his return to Euroi)e. So, to this intrepid man, as the records now stand, must be awarded the honor of being the first Eurojjean who landed on New Jersey soil. On his return home some mutinous ?>nglish seamen ()bligcd him to anchor near Dartmouth, from whence the news was .sent to James I of iMigland of the discoveries made by Hudson. This monarch, whose dislike and jealousy of Holland often overpowered what little judgment he j^ossessed, led him to the commission of many acts of injustice and folly and to overlook his own real interests, de- tained Hudson and his \essel in England. They were, however, after- wards released and Hudson and his vessel, known as the Half Moon, returned tf) Holland. The fate cf this enterprising man was horrible. The next year after his return he entered into the English service and sailed for the northern seas. He reached Greenland in June, made his way to the straits known by his name and through them into the great bay also called after him. Although not well provided with food, he determined to remain in that inhospitable region through the inclement 4 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVTL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. season, so as to be able to prosecute his explorations during the coming summer. He made the incautious remark in the hearing- of his sailors that he might be obliged to leave some of his crew behind, in conse- quence of the dearth of provisions, and this led to his death. His crew mutinied, put him, his son, and seven men, who alone adhered to him out of his whole crew of twenty-three sailors, on board of a small boat and left them to the mercy of the waves and of the savage in- habitants of the country. Attempts were afterwards made to rescue him and his companions, but without avail. His memory, however, survives and will ever remain while the noble river he discovered, the beautiful city reared at the spot where he landed on the bank of that river, and the great bay into which he sailed — all shall bear his name. The English government claimed title to the American continent by virtue of its discovery by Cabot, at the close of the fifteenth century, and of the subsequent visits made by Hudson. He sailed, it is true, in a Dutch vessel and in the service of a Dutch commercial company, but he was an Englishman, they said, and .so they claimed title to the new found continent through him also. They did not see the inconsistency of claiming in the one case, through the vessel, because it was English, and in the other, through an Englishman, although his vessel was Dutch. The Hollanders, in their turn, claimed the right through their servant, though an luiglishman, but sailing in their ship, to that part of America where he landed. In iniO some Holland merchants of Amsterdam litted out a vessel and sent it to Hudson's great river, to trade with the natives in furs, the only commodities the aborigines had to exchange with them. It is not probable that, at the outset, the Dutch intended to colonize the country, but simply to trade. The land, however, was a goodly one, and possessed all the appliances necessary for the comfort and happi- ness of a people; so immigrants were attracted thither and very early began to make permanent settlements. In 1()14 two forts were erected, one at or near where now stands Albany, which was then called Fort Orange; and the other on Manhattan Island, which the Dutch called New Amsterdam. A trading house for the protection and convenience of European traders, was built on the southwest corner of the island, near the fort, and the whole country claimed by the Hollanders, including what is now New Jersey, was called New Netherlands. Other immigrants from the mother country flocked in and soon a small town sprang up near New Amsterdam, and settlements were made at other points on the river. DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT. 5 From this people came the first settlers of the northern part of New Jersey. In IfJlS some Hollanders, with a few Danes and Norwegians, crossed Hudson River and made lodgment in Bergen county. The Hollanders found in the low lands lying on the Hackensack and its tributaries a country similar to that they had left behind them in Europe, and attracted by this similarity, there they reared iheir sub- stantial dwellings, and there their descendants, of pure and unmixed blood, are to be found to-day, in what is now called Bergen county. If any representatives of other nationalities joined with them, they have been lost, amalgamated with this Dutch strain. The English and Dutch almost immediately, or, at least, so soon as England waked up to the consciousness of the importance of the Ameri- can continent, came to a contest about their respective claims to the country. Each claimed it by the right of discovery, and the Dutch added that of possession, but that of England was the better; though there was some merit in that set up by Holland. The first attempt made to enforce the English claim was, in a measure, accidental. A Captain Argall, of X'irginia, had headed an expedition against the P'rench in Acadia. On his return, in lOi:], late in the autumn or early in the winter, he visited the Dutch settlements and Manhattan Island. He required them to acknowledge the king of Great Britain as their sovereign, to contribute towards his own expenses, and to agree to pay in the future a sort of a tax or tribute to the authorities of Virginia. They were unprepared to resist his demands and at once agreed to all he required at their hands. But the acquiescence was only for the time being, for the very next year they renounced their allegiance to the Engli.sh crown and refused to make any further contributions to the treasury of Virginia. They were much encouraged in making this refusal, as Hendrick Christianse, in the following year after Argall's visit, arrived from Europe, armed with a charter granted by the States General, dated April 17, 1614, by which .some merchants of Holland were granted certain rights of trading in the newly discovered lands. This brought additional immigrants from Holland to the colony, and in connection with the forts already erected on the island and at Albany, created a degree of confidence in the colonists, and they became defiant. Complaints were made at the Hague by the representatives of Charles of this invasion of English rights, biit no regard seems to to have been paid to these remonstrances. The Dutch became more and more demonstrative and claimed con- trol over the whole country from Delaware Bay to New England. 6 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL Hlf^TORY OF NEW JERSEY. It is quite probable that some settlements had been made in what is now, or once was known as Bergen county, prior to that already men- tioned as having- been made in K318. A blockhouse was built near what is now jersey City, which was once in Bergen county, for the pro- tection of traders, and a small village had also been built at Bergen. This Dutch element finally spread through the whole of the county of Bergen and, in the beginning of the eighteenth century, made its way into Morris county. It has given some of the very best characteristics to the communities where it is found and has dominated those com- munities, so far as habits of thought, of manners and customs or relig- ious beliefs and cermonies are concerned, from that time to the present. Its influence in those directions has never been effaced, but in all gov- ernmental affairs it has been overpowered by the stronger and more energetic Anglo-Saxon. Dutch names, Dutch peculiarities of thought, of character, of manner, jirevail ; even the Dutch language is still spoken by a majority of the older inhabitants of the county, and, until a recent date, the services in the churches were conducted in the pure Dutch idiom. They and their descendants have been content to remain (piietly in their comfortable homes, satisfied with the sure results of their agricul- tural labors. They have not originated great schemes, nor established great enterprises; but they have made most excellent citizens, true as steel to the best interests of the Republic, and ever ready to defend its honor and its integrity with fortune and with life if necessary. They have been a staid, (iod-fearing peo])le, loving peace, seeking cpiiet lives, not fond of the rush and bustle of the busy marts of commerce and trade. Though they have not inaugurated courts, nor published codes of law, nor formulated systems of jurisjirudence; yet they have been a law abid- ing people. The very best blood in both New York and New Jersev is derived from this immigration from the land of William the Silent. These colonies on Manhattan Island and on Hudson River very soon became important; the mother country assumed control over them, sent governors to rule them, and a large and flourishing trade sprang up between them and the aborigines and Europe. Charles I of Eng- land was too much engrossed with his domestic quarrels with Parliament and people to attempt the enforcement of his claims by arms, and it was several years before the English government obtained control of the country. A feeble attempt was made in 163-1: to dislodge the Dutch, but it soon DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT. 7 came to nought and served no particular purpose. On June '^l, lGo4, a charter was granted to Sir Edmund Plo3'den b}^ the English gov- ernment, naming him as '"Earl Palatine" over the country occupied by the Hollanders and over which they claimed authority. This charter gave him the most ample powers of government. He claimed that he had " ampl\' and copiously peopled the same with five hundred people." His claim was undoubtedly untrue. The land granted by the charter was thus described in the grant: "All that entire Island near the Continent or Terra Firma of North Virgi)iia^ called the Isle of Plowden, or Long Island 2iw^ lying near or between the thirty-ninth and fortieth degrees of North latitude, together with part of the Continent or Terra Firma aforesaid, near adjoining; described to begin from the point of an angle of a certain promontory called Cape May and from thence to the westward for the space oi forty leagues^ running by the river Delaware and closely following the course by the north latitude into a certain rivulet there, arising from a spring of the Lcjrd Baltimore's in the lands of Maryland i\nd the summit aforesaid to the s(nith, where it touches, joins and determines in all its breadth; from thence takes its course into a square leading to the north by a right line for thespace of forty leagues, and from thence likewise by a square inclining towards the east in a right line, for the space of forty leagues, to the river and part of Readier Cod and descends to a savannah touching and including the top of Sandheey, where it determines; and from thence towards the south by a scpiare stretching to a savannah, which passes bv and washes the shores of the Island of Plowden aforesaid to the point of the promontory of Ca/>e May, above mentioned and terminates where it began." wSir Edmund made some ertorts to enforce his claim ; he resided seven years in his i)rovince, assumed the right to grant parts of his Palatinate to others, and actually made such grants on paper and pretended to exercise his authority, though it was never recognized by any other of the residents than by those whom he brought over from Europe with him, and possibly a few others who hoped for the ultimate success of his enterprise. His exercise of the office of governor has left no ap- ])reciable effect and certainly was never recognized by any Hollander. An attempt was made to effect a compromise of the conflicting claims, by an offer on the part of the Dutch to sell their ^' claim and iniprove- nients" for j^,'2, 500. Just exactly what was included in this offer to sell is not clear. It was not accepted, and the Dutch rose in their B THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. price until their demand reached ^'7,000. Finally, not desirous of mak- inj;- any compromise, they withdrew all offers to sell. Great efforts were made to secure immigration; pamphlets were published, present- ing great inducements to actual settlers, accompanied by the most glow'ing- descriptions of the country, its soil, its fertility, its many ap- pliances for human happiness and the richness and variety of its fruits and other products. Before the grant to Ployden the " privileged West India Company "' had been created by the States (ieneral and at once began operations in America. It did not, however, confine those operatitms to the settle- ments in and around Manhattan Island and on the Hudson River. An expedition was sent out, almost immediately after the formation of this company, in lij'il, under Captain Cornelius Jacobus Mey, who coasted along the continent as far as Cape Cod. He sailed into Delaware Bay, gave his own name to that body of water, also called the cape at the extremitv of New Jersey after himself, which name it still bears; the other ca])e of the bay he called Cornelius, after one of his christened ;i])])ellations. He made some settlements in the lower part of New Jersev and protected them by erecting a fort near the spot where the city of Camden is now situated. For .several years additions were made to this new settlement, but in Ht'.\'i it was abandoned and the country on the Delaware was left undisturbed, to return once more to the l^ossession of its original inhabitants. The Dutch, while they had possession of New Netherlands, exercised full control and absolute governmental authority over all the colonists there resident. The governors, who resided at New Amsterdam, took the name of Directors General, were commissioned by the States Gen- eral, and had full supervision over the whole country. Subordinate officers were appointed, whi) assumed and exercised the authority of lieutenant-governors over smaller districts, those on Delaware Bay be- ing known as the "three lower Counties, " and the whole government was carried on in the name of "Their High Mightinesses, the States-Gen- eral and the privileged West India Company." Grants of land were made, sometimes in very large districts, both in New York and New Jersey. Governor Kieft, in 1033, received one for Paulus Hoeck, the Dutch name for the peninsula where Jersey City is now situated. On May 11, 1647, Maryn Adrianse received a warrant for Weehawken ; a large tract of indefinite extent was purchased by Augustine Herman, on December 0, IGol, on Raritan River, which seems to have included DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT. 9 the land where Perth Amboy is now found; on February 5, 1063, Gov- ernor Stuyvesant made a grant to Nicholas Verlett, of a tract called Hobuk in the Indian dialect; this, undoubtedly, is the modern Hobo- ken. Many other grants were made of land in New Jersey to v-arious persons, some of which were confirmed by the English authorities when the country afterwards came into their possession. These grants were often accompanied by seignorial rights of lordship and of almost abso- lute government and all of these were made to Hollanders; for, anxious as they might be to encourage immigration, the Dutch sternly refused to admit any but their own countrymen as settlers within the bounds of New Netherlands. This name New Netherlands was applied generally by the Hol- landers to an indefinite extent of country, stretching from Virginia to Cape Cod and over which they claimed authority. But they never really exercised any control over any part of that undefined 'country, except what was included within the boundaries of modern New York and New Jersey. The residents in New England cast longing eyes on the more fertile fields occujMed by the Dutch, and made frequent advances towards arrangements for .settling among them, but without avail. They even went so far as to make encroachments on the land occupied by the Hol- landers. These encroachments and the pertinacious assertion by the English of their better right to the country led to various disputes, which at one time seriously threatened the peace existing between the two nations. The Dutch rejected all advances and met all these de- mands in the coole.st manner, and this increased the animosity of the New Englanders. They complained to the government at home, but with no result. Cromwell was then Lord Protector of England, but he was too much engrossed in strengthening the power of his country on the European continent and in protecting his own authority at home, to pay attention to these petty squabbles, and turned a deaf ear to the complaints. While all these disturbances were agitating the two colonies, both English and Dutch, the latter were not unmindful of the needs of the people; courts were established, under patents issued by the governor, in different parts of the country; one especially in New Jersey, which assumed considerable importance in the future history of that province, and to which fuller reference will be made hereafter. During the time of these transactions in and around New Amsterdam 2 10 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. attempts were made by the Dutch to colonize the southern part of New Jersey. Several settlements were made, fortifications erected, ^ovcrn- ocs were sent out from Holland and trade be^un with the Indians. Kut ill success followed the colonists; the aborij^ines were antagonized; the settlements in some instances were attacked, in others abandoned, and the inhabitants massacred. (Jne of the leaders of an expedition, on his return to the mother country, left a village in a prosperous con- dition, intending to revisit the settlement the ne.xt season with addi- tional immigrants and supplies; he did return, according to his resolve, but found the village in ashes and no vestige of its former inhabit- ants. But notwithstanding all this, the Dutch never relinquished their claim to the whole of New jersey, until the\' were dispossessed by the English. In the time of Gustavus Adolphus, tliat monarch's attention, and, in a measure, that of his people, was directed towards the American con- tinent, and especially, to the lands in the neighborhood of Delaware Hay, witli the idea of establishing Swedish colonies there. Strange to say, the man most prominent in this Swedish movement of colonizing New Jersey was a Holland merchant, named Usselinx and a resident of Stockholm. He was exceedingly earnest in urging Ciustavus to aid in furthering the objects of the enterprise, and was so far successful that the vSwedish monarch became very favorably impressed with the idea and fully committed himself to its accomi:)lishment. An association called "The vSouih Company" was formed, to whicli was granted the most lil)eral terms and the most extensive authority. Its plans em- braced three continents, America, Asia and Africa. The king himself entered so heartily into the undertaking that he issued a proclamation to his subjects, exhorting them to accept the offers made to actual set- tlers, which were of a ver\' enticing character. The company was established on the most substantial basis; plans were laid to raise the sum of two millions and more of rix dollars, an enormous amount of money for those times; a Heet was to be built for the purposes of the expeditions, to be officered by an admiral, a vice-admiral and other naval officials, and every possible means were taken to secure success. The Swedes were sailors inured to every hardship of ocean life; the old spirit of their Viking ancestors still survived and the plan became pop- ular among them. But the Thirty Years war broke out in (rermany about that time; (rustavus threw himself heart and soul into the con- test and his people enthusi^^stically supported their hennc king. In DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT. 11 1632 he fell at Lutzen, a martyr to the cause of tolerance. Further operations were suspended and nothing- practical was done until several years after Christina, the mad daughter of Gustavus, succeeded to the throne. She was a mere child, only six years old, at the time of her father's death, and inherited none of his better characteristics of mind and nature. The war in Germany still continued after the death of Gus- tavus, under the leadership of Uxenstiern, his accomplished minister, who, with the whole Swedish people, sympathized wath their illustrious master; and it did not end until the peace of Westphalia in 1648. In 1037 or 1638 a ship of war and a transport were sent from Sweden under the auspices of the South Company, to the southern end of New Jersey, with a view of forming a permanent settlement. The settlers, among whom were a clergyman and an engineer, landed on the east side <»f Delaware Bay. purchased a large extent of land, running up to what is now Trenton, made extensive jjreparations for establishing a city, and built a fort, to which they gave the name of Christina. The town, if there ever was one, and the fort have entirely disappeared; not a vestige oi either remains. During the war between England and France, in 1T4T, a redoubt was thrown up at this spot; and in making excavations about three feet below the surface of the ground, a Swed- ish coin, of the time of Christina, was found, together with some shov- els, a-xes and other utensils. In 1640 or n;41 other bodies of immi- grants came from Sweden and located in New Jersey. ^Several vil- lages, or perhaps hamlets, were .settled from time to time by vSwedes, the names of which appear on the maps of that day. It cannot be determined, at this time, whether these were actual settlements, or whether they were mcrel\- names given to a single farm, occupied bv one family. In 1641 the Swedes and the Dutch made common cause against a set- tlement started under the authority of Sir Edmund Ployden, Earl Pala- tine, already mentioned, and expelled the intruders. But the union did not ])rotect the vSwedes from the subsequent assaults made upon them by the Dutch, for, in 1654, Peter Stuyvesant, the governor of New Netherlands, a])peared in Delaware Bay with some five or six hun- dred men and utterly destroyed the Swedish authority, by attacking and demolishing the forts which had been erected by them. The con- quest, however, was effected without any bloodshed. After taking- possession of the country the Dutch governor proposed such terms that most cjf the Swedes remained, and their descendants are still 12 THE JUDICIAL AND CTYTL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. there. This was the end of all Swedish governmental control in New Jersey, except an occasional election to minor positions, such as burgo- master and the like. The Dutch were now in possession, nominally at least, of New York and New Jersey, certainly in actual possession of parts of both provinces. There was none within the bounds of the country they occupied to dispute their claim. But now there came on the scene an active and persistent foe of the States General, whose malice prompted him to do what neither his self-interest, nor his duty, as a sovereign, to his state, or to his subjects in the American continent, would have impelled him to accomplish or even to attempt. If Charles II had hated sin and unrighteousness with half the fervor that he did the Dutch, he would have been a better man and made a wiser monarch. Towards the close of the first half of the seventeenth century, this was the condition of affairs, as to population, in New Jersey: In the northern and northeastern parts of the province the Holland strain predominated very largely, with a slight mixture, perhaps, of Norwe- gian blood, though this was so slight as to be hardly perceptible; in the central eastern part a few English had crept in by the side of the Dutch, but so few in number that their influence was not at all felt; in the southern districts of the colony the Swedish and Dutch -ele- ments had contended for the mastery, and the latter had been success- ful in the contest, but the majority of the Swedish colonists still re- mained, and the two nationalities were fighting the battle of life, side by side, in the new land, with the Holland element the more powerful of the two. Here, too, was a small English contingent, with some other smaller elements, perhaps some Norwegians and some few Finns. All the other parts of the province were covered by unbroken forests, occupied by scattered and broken tribes of Indians, fragments of the Lenni Lenapes, who had, at one time, been the most powerful of the aborigines of northern North America, but who had been conquered and disgraced by their inveterate and relentless foes, the Iroquois. GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. ]3 CHAPTER II. Grant to the Duke of York by Charles 11; Copy of Letters Patent Making the Grant; Attack on New Amsterdam by Col. Richard Nicolls; Attack on Southern Districts of New Jersey by Sir Robert Carre ; Subjugation of New Netherlands by the English; Terms Granted to the Dutch on the Surrender; Results of Rule by the Dutch; Grant of New Jersey to Berkeley and Carteret by the Duke of York; Copy of Release; Name of New Jersey— how Derived; Lord Berkeley and Sir (Jeorge Cartaret; Discussion of Right of English King to Transfer Governmental Authority ; Distinction between the Letters Patent to York and the Release by him to Berkeley and Cartaret; Methods Adopted by the English Crown for Government of Colonies in America; Grants and Concessions of Berkeley and Cartaret. There was peace between England and Holland and Charles had no excu.se for declaring war against the government he so hated. He would not, however, wait for any overt act to be committed bv his wary antagonist which would enable him to strike Holland through her col- onies in America. His Xew England subjects were clamorous in their complaints, and the opportunity was at hand t(j attack the Dutch colo- nies at once. His excuse for this undoubtedly seemed to him to be all that was necessary for his purposed action. The Dutch were in pos- session of a country to which the right of the English was unquestion- ably paramount; they had been repeatedly asked to surrender and had defiantly refused; they were therefore mere trespassers, and he, as the lord of the soil, as he insisted, had the right to remove them. Whv should he hesitate? So, on the 12th day of March, 1633-34, he made a grant, called in the legal nomenclature of the day, "Letters Patent," to his brother, afterwards James II, then Duke of York and Albany and presumptive heir to the English crown. As this deed plays a verv important part in the civil and judicial history of New Jersey, and as it will afford a specimen of the very best conveyancing of that dav, it is given verbatim ct literatim, and in full. A critical examination of it will reveal the singular fact that there has been but little change in the form of deeds of like character from that time until this, except, per- haps, that modern forms have become less verbose. "CH.A.RI.ES the Second, by the Grace of God King of England, Scot- 14 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HK=^TORY OF NEW JERSEY. land, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, (S:c. To all to whom these Presents shall come drccting: KNt)\v ye, that we for divers good Causes and Considerations us thereunto moving, have of our especial Grace, certain Knowledge, and meer Motion, given and granted, and by these Presents for us, our Heirs and Successors, Do give and grant unto our dearest Brother James, Duke of York, his Heirs and Assigns, all that Part of the main Land of N civ- Rutland, beginning at a certain Place called or known by the Name of St. Croix, next adjoining to A^e^u Scotland '\n A incrico; and from thence extending along the Sea Coast unto a certain Place called Pctuaqiiinf or I\tn^>^ Duke of York, his Heirs and Assigns forever; to the only proper Use and behoof of the said JAMKs Duke of York, his Heirs and Assigns forever; to be holden of us, our Heirs and Successors, as of our Mannor of liast Grci'm\.'icli I GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. 15 in our County of Kent, in free and common Soccage, and not in Capitie, nor by Knight service yielding and rendering. And the said James Duke of York, doth for himself, his Heirs and Assigns, Covenant and Promise to yield and render unto our Heirs and Successors, of and for the same yearly and every Year, Forty Beaver Skins when they shall be demanded, or within Ninety Days after. And we do further of our special Grace, certain knowledge and meer Motion, for us, our Heirs and Successors, give and grant unto our said dearest Brother James Duke of York, his Heirs, Deputies, Agents, Commissioners and As- signs, by these Presents, full and absolute Power and Authority to cor- rect, punish, pardon, govern and rule all such the subjects of us, our Heirs and Succes.sors, as shall from time to time adventure themselves into any the Parts or Places aforesaid; or that shall or do at any time hereafter inhalnt within the same, according to such Laws, Orders, Ordinances, Directions and Instruments as by our said dearest Brother, or his Assigns, shall be established ; and in defect thereof, in Case of Necessity, according to the good Directions of his Deputy's, Commis- sioners, Officers or Assigns respectively; as well in all Causes and Mat- ters Capital and Criminal, as Civil both Marine and cithers; so always as the said Statutes, Ordinances and Proceedings be not contrary to, but as near as convenientl}" may be, agreeable to the Laws, Statutes and Government of this our Realm of Eiii^land; and saving and re- .serving to us, oui- Heirs and Successors, the Receiving, Hearing and Determining of the Apjieal and Appeals of all or any Person or Persons of, in or belonging to the Territories or Islands aforesaid, in or touch- ing any Judgment or Sentence to be there made or given. AND further, that it shall and may be lawful to and for our said dearest Brother, his Heirs and Assigns, by these presents from time to time, to nominate, make, ct)nstitute, ordain and confirm, by such Name or Names, Stile or Stiles, as to him or them shall seem good, and likewise to revoke, discharge, change and alter as well all and singular Gov- ernor's, Officers, and Ministers which hereafter shall be by him or them thought tit and needful to be made or used within the aforesaid Parts and Islands; And also to make, (jrdain and establish all manner of Orders, Laws, Directions, Instructions, Forms and Ceremonies of Gov- ernment and Magistracy fit and necessary for and concerning the Gov- ernment of the Territories and Islands aforesaid; so always that the same be not contrary to the Laws and Statutes of this our Realm of Jintl/aiiti, but as near as may be agieeal)le thereunto; and the same at 16 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. all Times hereafter io put in execution or abrogate, revoke or change, not onlv within the Precincts of the said Territories or Islands, but also upon the Seas in going and coming to and from the same, as he or they in their good Discretions shall think to be fitest for the good of the Adventurers and Inhabitants there. AND We do further of our special Grace, certain Knowledge, and meer motion, grant, ordain and declare, that such (Governors, Officers, and Ministers as from Time to Time shall be autJKjrized and appointed in manner and form aforesaid, shall and may have full Power and Authority to u.se and exercise Marshall Law in Cases of Rebellion, Insurrection and Mutiny, in as large and ample Manner as our Lieutenants in our Counties within our Realm of England have or ought to have, by force of their commission of Lieu- tenancy, or any Law or Statute of this our Realm. AND We do further by these Presents, for Us, our Heirs and Successors, grant unto our said dearest Brother Jamks Duke of York\ his Heirs and Assigns, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Jamks Duke of York, his Heirs and Assigns, in his or their Discretion from Time to Time, to admit such and so many Person or Persons to Trade and Traftique unto and within the said Territories and Islands aforesaid, and into every or any Part and Parcel thereof; and to have, possess and enjoy any Lands or Hereditaments in the Parts and Places aforesaid, as they shall think tit, according to the Laws, Orders, Constitutions and Ordinances by our said Brother, his Heirs, Deputies, Commissioners and Assigns from 'i'inie to Time to be made and establish'd by \'irtue of, and according t(^ the true intent and meaning of these Presents; and under such Con- ditions, Preservations and Agreements as our said Brother, his Heirs or Assigns shall set down, order, direct and appoint and not otherwise as aforesaid. AND We do further of our especial (irace, certain Knowledge, and meer Motion for L^s, our Heirs and Successors, give and grant unto our said dearest Brother, his Heirs and Assigns, by these Presents, that it shall a^id may be lawful to and for him, them or any of them, at all and every Time and Times hereafter, out of any our Realms or Dominions whatsoever to take. Lead, Carry and Transport in and into their Voyages, and for and towards the Plantations of (3ur said Territories and Islands, all such and so many of our loving Subjects or any other Strangers, being not prohibited or under re- straint, that will become our loving Subjects and live under our Allegiance, as shall willingly accompany them in the said \"oyages; together with all such Cloathing, Implements, Furniture and other t>aA^^ I GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. 17 Things usually transported, and not prohibited, as shall be neces- sary for the Inhabitants of the said Islands and Territories, and for their Use and Defence thereof, and managing and carr3'ing on the Trade with the People there; and in passing and returning to and fro, yielding and paying to us, our Heirs and Successors, the Cus- toms and Duties therefor due and payable, according to the Laws and Customs of this our Realm. AND We do also for us, our Heirs and Successors, grant to our said dearest Brother James Duke of York, his Heirs and Assigns, and to all and every such Governor or Gov- ernors, or other Officers or Ministers as by our said Brother, his Heirs or Assigns, shall be appointed ; to have Power and Authority of Gov- ernment and Command in or over the Inhabitants of the said Territories or Islands, that they and every of them shall and lawfully may from Time to Time, and at all Times hereafter forever, for their several De- fence and Safety, encounter, expulse, repell and resist, by Force of Arms as well by Sea as by Land, and all ways and means whatsoever, all such Person and Persons as without the special Licence of our said dearest Brother, his Heirs or Assigns, shall attempt to inhabit within the several Precincts and Limits of our said Territories and Islands. And also, all and every such Person and Persons whatsoever, as shall enterprise or attempt at any Time hereafter the Destruction, Invasion, Detriment or Annoyance to the Parts, Places or Islands aforesaid or any Part thereof. AND LASTLY, Our Will and Pleasure is, and we do hereby declare and grant, that these our Letters Patents, or the In- rollment thereof, shall be good and effectual in the Law to all Intents and Purposes whatsoever, notwithstanding the not reciting or men- tioning of the Premises or any Part thereof, or the meets or Bounds thereof, or of any former or other Letters Patents or Grants heretofore made or granted of the Premises, or of any Part thereof, by us or of any of our Progenitors, unto any other Person or Persons whatsoever, Bodies Politick or Corporate, or any Act, Law or other restraint, incer- tainty or imperfection whatsoever to the Contrary in anywise notwith- standing; altho' Express mention of the True Yearly Value or cer- tainty of the Premises, or any of them, or of any other gifts or grants by us, or by any of our Progenitors or Predecessors heretofore made to the said Tames Duke of York, in these Presents is not made or any Statute, Act, Ordinance, Provision, Proclamation or Restriction, here- tofore had, made, enacted, ordained or provided, or any other Matter, cause or thing whatsoever to the Contrary thereof in any wise notwith- 3 18 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. standing. IN WITNESS whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made Patent. Witness ourself at Westjninster, the Twelfth Day of March, in the Sixteenth Year of our Reign. By the KING, Howard." The description of the country conveyed by this grant is quite in- definite, and it will be noticed that it had no western boundary. So little, in fact, was known of the great West which lay beyond, that no accurate western boundary could have been given. It included some parts of the continent which it was not in the power of Charles to grant, but that made little difference to the careless monarch. It did include, however, that ])art which the Dutch claimed, and in that was to be found tlic modern States of New York and New Jersey. It would seem from the subsec[uent conduct of the duke relating to his domain thus given Kim, that he did not really claim any part of New England, although the description appears to have covered all of the country east of the Connecticut River and west of Nova Scotia, or New Scot land. The grant not only ccmveyed land but it conferred on the grantee and his '' heiis and assigns," governmental powers, both civil and military, of the fullest and most ample nature, such powers as the king alone possessed. Charles added to this grant the means for the rec reside there until liis death. Sir Robert Carre offered somewhat similar terms to the Swedes and Dutch whom lie found in New Jersey. The fact that he treated sep- arately with the Swedes, shows that they were recognized as an inde- pendent nati(mality. The names of some of the burgomasters attached to the agreement between Carre and the officers of the towns in New Jersey who entered into it, fully show that several Swedes were among the chief citizens of that part of the country, and that consequently there must have been a comparatively large number of Swedish colo- nists still remaining there. This action of the English in thus summarily dis])ossessing the Dutch, at a time when the two nations were at peace, gave rise to great con- troversy. Some historians and writers denounced the act of Charles as a gross outrage; others as strenuously defended it. At this lapse of time, it can be coolly and dispa.ssionately judged; then, the judgment was perverted, as the historian or writer happened to be connected with either of the nations wliose rights were involved. Charles, no doubt, hoped that the attack on New Amsterdam would provoke the Dutch to declare war. and he was not disappointed. The States General immediately opened hostilities and a war ensued in which the principal powers of Europe were soon involved. In 16(57, however, hostilities ceased, the peace of Breda was signed, by the terms of which New Netherlands remained in the possession of the English, and there it continued until July, 1(37:5. In March, l(;7*2-3, Charles II, in connection with France, declared war against Holland, and the .States- GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. 23 General, apparently remembering- the seizure of New Amsterdam by the Eng-lish king in J 664, dispatched a fleet of five vessels against New- York, in July, 1673, and on the 30th of that month the town was easily captured, and according to the preponderance of the authorities, with- out bloodshed. The Dutch emulated the action of the English, when, in 1663, New Amsterdam was seized by them, and by proclamation, guarantied to the settlers full possession of all their property and the privileges of free citizenship, upon condition that they should swear allegiance to the Dutch authorities. The majority of the magistrates and constables in the adjacent settlements proceeded to "New Orange," the name given to New Amsterdam by the Dutch, and took the oath. This seems only to have been the case in the settlements in New York, for, on the loth of August, the inhabitants of Newark, Elizabeth Town and Piscataway presented a petition to the Dutch authorities praying that their rights and privileges might be secured to them. A military tribunal was then sitting at New Orange, consisting of officers of the forces sent over by Holland, which received this petition and instantly acted upon it. The jjetitioners were confirmed in the possession of all lawfully acquired lands, were placed on an equal footing with the sub- jects of Holland, as far as their rights as citizens were concerned, and it was stipulated that if they conducted themselves properly, they would not be required to take up arms against England. The sale and con- veyance of their land were to be regulated by Dutch laws, but they were ijermitted to sell it or dispose of it by will, and they might re- move their personal property with themselves, if they chose to leave the country. Full liberty of conscience in all religious matters was accorded to them. The Dutch authorities were not satisfied, however, with the precautions for securing the loyalty of the inhabitants of New Jersey; for, in September, a sort of roving commission was appointed to visit the settlements in " Achter Kol," as New Jersey was called by the conquerors of the country in their official papers, and require an oath from each inhabitant. P'our settlements, Newark, Elizabeth Town, Woodbridge and Middletown certainly, were visited, and a list made of all the inhabitants who took the oath and of those who were absent, most of whom afterwards complied with the requirements of the Dutch. The lists give some idea of the number of people resident in these four towns: There were 73 in Newark and 11 absent; 50 in Elizabeth Town and 21 absent; 44 in Woodbridge and o absent; 81 in Middletown, and apparently none absent. Some large holders of detached plantations 24 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. were confirmed separately in their holdings and in their privileges as citizens. There is no record, so far as can be ascertained, that the settlers in Bergen county were required to take the oath ; presumably, because the authorities believed that as they were of Dutch blood, they were so attached to their native country as not to require that cere- mony to secure their loyalty. An assembly met on the 18th of Novem- ber, 1()73, at Elizabeth Town, where a code of laws was promulgated "By the Schout and Magistrates of"" Achter Kol, Assembly held at Elizabeth Town to make laws and orders." This code was intended to govern the province of New Jersey and superseded all English laws which had been passed for that purpose. It was exceedingly mild, certainly, in one respect, namely, the character of the punishments for crimes. It reflected great credit on the authority which passed it, as it made strong efforts to provide for the morality of the communities and for their regulation in such matters as were for their best interests in the very beginning of their history. Religion was not forgotten; the observance of the Christian Sabbath ; the providing for ministers of the gospel and the erection of chvirches were considered of prime importance and received due consideration. In less than a year after war was declared, the peace of Westminster was signed by the com- missioners of the belligerents. New Netherlands was restored to Eng- land and the country continued in her possession imtil the Revolution of 177(J, when New York and New Jersey, following the fortunes of the other rebellious colonies, renounced their allegiance to the English crown, became free and independent, and materially aided in founding the great Republic. It will be remembered that the deed to the Duke of York from his royal brother was made in March, 1668-64, and for a very indefinitely described country. Even before the duke had obtained possession of the land really claimed by him under the grant from the king ; even before the fleet which his brother had sent to America to aid him in dispossessing the Dutch had reached New Amsterdam, he made a con- veyance by the way of lease and release to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret of a portion of his domain. The lease is not copied here, as it is not deemed important for present purposes. It was in the ordinary form of a lease used in those days, dated the day prior to ' Dr. Hatfield, in his excellent history of Elizabeth, makes the strange mistake of calling Newark Bay "Achter Koll." There can be no possible doubt that by that term the Dutch in- tended to name the whole province of New Jersey. I GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. 25 that of the release, was giv^en for the term of one year and for the rent of a '' pepcr corn." But the release is important, as it is the founda- tion of titles to land in New Jersey, is very often referred to in the legal literature of the State, and gave rise to much discussion and some controversy in the courts, and was as follows: "THIS INDEN- TURE made the /c^z/rand Twentieth Day oi June, in the Sixteenth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, CHARLES the Second by the Grace of Ood of England^ Scotland, France and Irehind, King Defender of the Faith, &c. Annoq. Domini, 1064, Between His Royal Highness, Jamks Duke of York, and Albany, Ear/ oi Ulster, Lord High Admiral of Eni^land, and Ireland, Constable of Dover-Castle, Lord Warden of the Cinque-Ports, and Governor of Portsmouth, of the one part : JoIdi Lord In'rkeley, Baron of Stratton, and one of His Majesty's most Hon- ourable Privy Council, and .Sir George Caktkrkt of Saltrum in the County of Devon, Knight and one of His Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, of the other Part: Whereas his said Majesty King Chaki.ks the Second, by his Letters Patent under the Great Seal of England, bearing Date on or about the Twelfth Day of March, in the Sixteenth Year of his said Majesty's Reign, did for the consideration therein mentioned, give and grant unto his said Royal Highness James Duke of York, his Heirs and Assigns all that part of the Main Land of Neio- England, beginning at a certain Place called c^r known by the Name of St. ( n^/.r next adjoining to New-Scotland in America; and from thence extending along the Sea Coast unto a certain Place called Pemaqnie ox Penujt/uid, and so by the River thereof to the furthest head of the same as it tendeth Northward; and extending from thence to the River of A'ine/uyne, and so upwards by the shortest Course to the River Lanady Xortliwards; and also all that Island or Islands com- monlv called bv the several Name or Names of Matoicacks or Lon(r Isl- and, situate and being towards the West of Ca/>e Codd and the Narroic Highansetts, abutting upon the main Land between the two Rivers there, called or known by the several Names of tonnecticntt, and Hud- son s-River; together also with the said River called Hudson' s-River and all the land from the west side of Connecticutt to the east side of Delaware Bay: And also several other Islands and Lands in the said Letters Pattents mentioned, together with the Rivers, Har- bours, Mines, Minerals, Quaries, Woods, Marshes, Waters, Lakes, Fishing, Hawkings, Huntings and Fowling, and all other Royalties, Protfits. Commodities and Hereditaments to the said several Islands, 4 26 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Lands and Premises belonging and appertaining, TO HAVE and TO HOLD the said Lands, Islands, Hereditaments and Premises with their and every of their Appurtenances, unto his said Royal Highness James Duke of York, his Heirs and Assigns forever; To be holden of his said Majesty, his Heirs and Successors as of the Manner of East- Grctnwich in the County of Kent, in free and common Soccage, yield- ing and rendering unto his said Majesty his Heirs and Successors of and for the same. Yearly and every Year, forty Beaver wSkins, when thev shall be demanded, or within Ninety Days after; with divers other Grants, Clauses, Provisos, and Agreements, in the said recited Letters Patents contain'd, as b^' the said Letters Patents, relation be- ing thereunto had, it doth and inay more plainly and at large appear. Now this Indenture Witnesseth, that his said Royal Highness James Duke of York, for and in consideration of a competent sum of good and lawful Money of A"//^''/rt;/c/ to his said Royal Highness James Duke of York in Hand paid by the said John Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, before the Sealing and Delivery of these presents, the Re- ceipt whereof the said James Duke of York, doth hereby acknowledge, and therefore doth acquit and discharge the said John Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret forever by these Presents, hath granted, bargained, sold, released and confirmed and by these Presents, doth grant, bargain, sell, release and confirm unto the said John Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, their Heirs and Assigns forever, All that Tract of Land adjacent to Nczo-Eiigland, and lying and being to the Westward of Long Island, and Man/iitas Island, and bounded on the East apart by the main vSea, and part by Hudson' s-K^\\ev, and hath upon the West Delazcare Bay or River, and extendeth Southward to the Main Ocean as far as Cape-May 2,t the mouth of Dclazvare Bay; and to the Northward as far as the Northermost Branch of the said Bay or River of Dclatvarc which is forty-one Degrees and forty Minutes of Latitude, and crosseth over thence in a strait Line to Hudson s-^\m&x in forty-one Degrees of Latitude ; which said Tract of Land is here- after to be called by the Name or Names of Neiv Ceaserea or New Jer- sey: And also all Rivers, Mines, Mineralls, Woods, Fishings, Hawking, Hunting, and Fowling, and all other Royalties, Profifits, Commodities, and Hereditaments whatsoever, to the said Lands and Premises be- longing or in any wise appertaining; with their and every of their ap- purtenances, in as full and ample manner as the same is granted to the said Duke of York by the before recited Letters Patent ; and all the GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. 27 I'vState, Rij^jht, Title. Interest, Benefit, Advantage, Claim and Demand (jf thf said James Duke of York, of in or to the said and Premises or any Part or Parcel thereof, and the Reversion and Reversions, Re- mainder and "Remainders thereof; All which said Tract of Land and Premises were 1)\- Indenture, Ijearing Date tlie Day before the Date hereof, bargain'd and sold by the said James Duke of York, unto the said John Lord HKkKEl,E^ and Sik (iEOK(;E CAkri-REr. for the Term of One whole Vear to Commence from the first Day of May last past, before the date thereof, under the Rent of a l^eper C')-i he was ])laced at the head of the household (;f the Duke of York, and in 1058 was raised to the peerage as Baron Berkeley of Stratton, in the County of Somerset, the spot where he had gained a victory for the royal cause. When Charles II was restored, he made the baron one of his Privy Council, and later, he was elevated to the office of Lord Lieu- tenant of Ireland. In 1075 he was a]jpointed ambassador at the Court of Versailles. His life was a busy one in the service of the Stuart family. He died August 'iS, 1078 Lork Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, in the deeds, grants and proclamations made by them, some- times assumed the title of " the true and absolute Lords Proprietors of 30 THE JUDICJAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. New Ceasarea, or New Jersey," sometimes, simpl}- of the " Lords Pro- prietors of New Jersey. " By that latter name, they and their assignees have been known in New Jersey until the present time. The organi- zation which finally succeeded to the rights of the original grantees of the Duke of York, in New Jersey, is still in existence and has its office at Perth Amboy, where its records and papers have been preserved for many years. It still claims title to some land in New Jersey. An at- tempt was made about a half a century ago to claim the land lying on the banks of the Passaic River, between high and low water mark, which gave rise to a cause cclebre in the courts of New Jersey, and created a great excitement at the time, but the courts decided against the claim, and nothing has since been heard of any demand of a like nature. There can be no doubt of the right of an English king to make grants to any person or persons whom he may select, of '■' croivn lands," such as are found in a newly discovered country, in which the sovereign has a fee simple obtained by discovery, or by possession, or in any manner in which such fee may be gamed. But a serious question arose soon after these grants were made to the Duke of York and by hiin to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, whether the monarch could lawfully transfer the right of government over the inhabitants of the land so conveyed. The right to reign was an inherited one and was personal — attached to the person of the ruler, and could not be transferred. The subject had a right to demand that he should be ruled by his lineally descended king, and not by a stranger. If the king could assign dominion, the right of government, to a stranger and his assigns, the assignee could, in turn, assign to another stranger. Nay, more, the stranger assignee could split up the granted country into as many lesser dominions as he chose, grant these lesser dominions to other strangers with right of governing, and the spectacle would be presented of a country divided into infinitesimal sovereignties, each governed by its own ruler, with different codes of law and variant modes of administration. Another question was necessarily involved in the discussion: Government might not only be made the subject of bargain and sale, transferred for pounds, shillings and pence, but so might the allegiance of the citizens living in the transferred country. Besides the difference between the form of the deed from the king to the Duke of York and that made by the duke to Berkeley and Carteret, there was another very marked distinction and one of GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. 31 very great importance. There could be no mistake in the construction of the Letters Patent to the duke from the king, of the convej'ance of governmental power; it was clear and undoubted, absolute and uncon- ditional, and was indefeasible. But the release from the duke to Berke- ley and Carteret only conveys the right to rule by implication. The clauses which make this implication are these: "And also all Rivers, Mines, Mineralls, Woods. Fishings, Hawking. Hunting and Fowling, and all other Royalties, Proffits, Commodities, and Hereditaments whats(iever, to the said Lands and Premises belonging or in anv wise appertaining; with their and every of their appurtenances, in as full and ample a manner as the same is granted to the said Duke of \'ork by the before recited Letters Patents; and all the Estate, Right. Title, Interest, BeneHt, Advantage. Claim and I demand of the said James Duke of V«jrk, of in or to the said and Premises, or any J*art or J'arcel thereof, and the Reversion and Reversions, Remainder and Remainders thereof." But little notice of this distinction was taken at the time; the inhal^it- ants were few, and they were forced by absolute necessity to devote all thefr energies and their whole time and attention to the procuring of a mere subsistence. But, as the number of inhaliitants increased and their prosperity placed them beyond want, they began to cpiestion the right of the Lords Proprietors to rule over them, and this gave rise, as will be seen hereafter, to sharp conflicts. There were three methods ad(jpted by the Knglish government in dealing with lands in the newly discovered continent of America: By one of these the sovereign merely delegated the right to rule to ofHcers appointed by him, to hold during his pleasure, or for a term of years, or for life. These officers were representatives of the monarch, were resi)onsible to him and their authority was limited by the instructions received from him. This delegated authority simply gave the power to rule in the name of the king, was disconnected from an\- grant of land and was called a " royal government." By another method, the government in the colon}- was established through what was called charters; by which certain powers of ruling were granted to the people, limited, however, by the terms of the char- ter, or by the will of the monarch. No rights to property accom])anied this form of government. In the other case, power was given in con- nection with the land, which was conveyed in fee to the grantee of the ])ower to rule; this was called a proprietary government. That of th(; 32 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Duke of York was essentially, in every particular, a proprietary gov- ernment. The proprietary form v^as not new in the history of English colonies, but, in no instance was the grant so full, so ample, so far reaching as in the case of the one made to York. It is useless conject- ure to strive to fathom the motives which induced Charles to make so unlimited a disposition of land and authority to his brother. Whatever doubts may, at any time, have been entertained of the proper construction of the deed by York to Berkeley and Carteret, their conduct gave full evidence of what they thought the deed meant. They immediately became rulers as well as proprietors of the soil. On the 10th day of February, 1664-65, they commissioned Philip Carteret, a brother of Sir George, as governor of New Jersey. In the commis- sion, their first official act, so far as can be ascertained, they call them- selves the "true and absolute Lords Proprietors of all the province of New Ceasarea or New Jersey." CHAPTER III. Grants and Concessions of the Lords Proprietors; Lord Baltimore and Maryland; Roger Williams and Rhode Island; Copy of Grants and Concessions; Elizabeth Town; Grants by Governor NicoUs of Land in New Jersey; Condition of Legisla- tive andjudicial Affairs in New Jersey ; Settlement of Newark; Characteristics of its First Settlers ; Fundamental Agreements ; Copy. On the 10th day of Februar}-, 1664-05, the same day on which Philip Carteret was appointed governor of New Jersey, Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret issued their celebrated " Grants and Concessions," in which they described themselves as " The Lords Proprietors of the province of New Ceasarea or New Jersey." Great credit has been awarded them for this remarkable document and, perhaps, somewhat deservedly. But, it must be remembered that there were some circum- stances, existing at the time, which impelled them to issue it. The country granted to them was virtually uninhabited by Europeans, and was valueless to them unless it were peopled. To induce immigration, motives of the strongest kind must be presented. The country was new and, in a measure, unknown; the aborigines were still there, and j;fil«:j^|S;.. \ ^. ^ 'Ot^^^^ GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. 33 dan}4'ers attended the journey thither from the mother country. E-ng"- land was in a ferment ; the old dynasty had been restored in the person of Charles II, but he was mistrusted by many of his subjects. The old spirit of Puritanism was by no means dead; many thousands still ar- dently clung to its principles; thousands of Roundheads, who hated Rome, who feared its re-establishment in the country, who had no faith in Charles, who were disgusted by his follies and the open, shameless orgies of his court, whose hopes for the reign of a pure religion were centered in the establishment of a church freed from all taint of Ro- manism — still lived, and were longing for an asylum where they might find religious tolerance. The colonists in New England found there a sterile soil which returned them but little reward for their continued and laborious efforts and they desired a change, so that they might find a land where they could secure some return for their labor. Many of these colonists, like their brethren in old England, were dissatis- fied with the condition of affairs even in New England, and longed for a land and a government where perfect tolerance existed. Strange to say, some of these same colonists desired to locate where they could isolate themselves in a community in which perfect intolerance shpuld be the law. These conditions were known to the Lords Proprietors and they took advantage of them to induce immigration to the new province. There men of all views and of all religions might come and be assured that they would not be interfered with because of their religious be- liefs; that all reasonable demands would be met, the proper wishes of all respected and the requisite conditions of life would be supplied. So, for once, in that dark day of the world's history when intolerance was still the rule and not the exception, mammon surrendered and toler- ance triumphed. But. in one respect, too much credit has been given to the authors of this document, remarkable as it was at that time for its liberality. Berkeley and Carteret were not the first to found gov- ernments in the new world upon principles which included tolerance and the individual rights of the citizen. Lord Baltimore, a Roman Catholic, founded Maryland, and based its government upon the broadest tolerance, and in 1()4!«, by an act of the Legislature of that province, it was declared as fundamental law that "no person or per- sons whatsoever, professing to believe in Jesus Christ shall from hence- forth be in any way troubled, molested, or discountenanced for and in respect of his or her religion, nor in the free exercise thereof, nor in 34 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other religion against his or her consent. " Roger Williams, in 163G, established Rhode Island upon the doctrine of liberty of conscience and the personal rights of man. He had be- fore this preached all over the settled portion of New England the in- herent right of man to worship God in the manner he thought right and had proclaimed a purer and better government than had ever blessed humanity. In the preceding century, William Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland, that immortal hero and patriot, had perplexed and astonished the kings of Europe by his doctrines of religious toler- ance and of the equality of man, and had fallen a martyr in the sacred cause he so ennobled The world, then, was moving, a spirit of in- quiry was abroad, men were emerging from the darkness of supersti- tion, spurning the shackles of oppression and demanding the rights which had been denied to their ancestors — which their fathers had never known and had never appreciated. The "grants and concessions" are important in both the civil and the judicial history of New Jersey; they enter largely as a factor in the forming and moulding of the politics of the State, and are inti- mately interwoven into its very life. They may be called the first con- stitution of the colony and in them are embodied the best principles of a popular government that liave ever been formulated in any age or any country'. They are, as the)^ have been truthfully termed, the Magna Charta of New Jersey, were the basis and foundation of its early government and are embodied in it. The parts of this docu- ment deemed most important are as follows: "THE CONCESSION and AGREEMENT of the Lords Proprie- tors of the Province of New-Caesarea, or New Jersey, to and with all and every Adventurers and all such as shall Settle or Plant there." "IMPRIMUS. We do consent and agree, that the Governor of the said Province hath Power, by the advice of his Council, to depute one in his place and Authority, in case of Death or Removal, to continue until our further order, imless we have commissionated one before." " Item. That he hath likewise Power to make choice of and to take to him six Councellors at least, or twelve at most, or an)^ even Num- ber between six and twelve, with whose Advice and Consent, or with at least three of the six, or four of a greater Number (all being summon'd) he is to govern according to the Limitations and Instruc- tions following, during our Pleasure." GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. 35 " Item. That all Persons that are or shall become Subjects of the Kim. of Eiii^/aiid, and Swear, or vSubscribe Alleofiance to the Kin(;, and faithfullness to the Lords, shall he admitted to Plant and become Freemen of the said Province, and enjoy the Freedoms and Immunities hereafter expressed until sc^me stc^p or contradiction be made by us the Lords, or else the Governor Council and Assembly, which shall be in F'orce until the Lords see cause tc; the contrary: Provided that such stop shall not any ways prejudice the ri^ht or continuance of any Per- son that have been receiv'd before such stoji or (Orders come from the General Assembly." " lu EM. That no person cjualified as aforesaid within the said Prov- ince, at any Time shall be any ways molested, punished, disquieted or called in ((uestion for any Difference in opinion or Practice in matter of Relijiious Concernments, who do not actually disturb the civil Peace of the said Province; but that all and every such Person and Persons may from time to time, and at all Times, freely and fully have and en- joy liis and their Judj^inents and Consciences in matters of Religion throuj^hout the said Province, they behavinjj themselves peaceably and ([uietly, and not usinj^; this Liberty to Licentiousness, nor to the civil Injury or outward disturbance of others; any Law, Statute or Clause contained or to be contained, usage or custom of this Realm oi Eii^latid, to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstandinj^'. " " 1 1 EM. That no jiretence may be taken by our Heirs or Assigns for or by reason of our right of Patronage and Power of Advouson, granted by his Majesty's Letter's Patents, unto his Royal Highness James Duke of )'ork\ and by his said Royal Highness unto us, thereby to Infringe the general Clause of Liberty of Conscience, aforementioned: WE do hereby grant unto the General Assembly of the said Province, Power by Act to constitute and appoint such and so many Ministers or Preach- ers as they shall think ht, and to establish their Maintenance, giving liberty beside to any I'erson or Persons to keej) and maintain what Preachers or Ministers they please." " I 1 1 M. That the Inhal)itants being Freemen, or chief agents to others of the Province aforesaid; do as soon as this our commission shall ar- rive, by virtue of ft writ in our names by the Governor to be fOr the present (until our seal comes) .sealed and signed, make choice of twelve deputies or representatives from amongst themselves; who being chosen are to join with the said (iovernor and council for the making of such laws, ordinances and constitution as shall be necessary for the present 36 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. jrood and welfare of the said Province. But so soon as parishes, divis- ions, tribes and other distinctions are made, that then the inhabitants or freeholders of the several respective parishes, tribes, divisions and districtions aforesaid, do by our writts, under our seals, (which we ingage, shall be in due time issued) annually meet on the first day of January, and choose freeholders for each respective division, tribe or parish to be the deputies or representatives of the same: which body of represent- atives or the major part of them, shall, with the Governor and council aforesaid, be the General Assembly of the said Province, the Governor or his deputy being- present, unless they shall willfully refuse, in which case they may appoint themselves a president, during the absence of the Governor or the deputy Governor. " Which Assembly's are to have Power, First. To appoint their own time of meeting and to adjourn their sessions from time to time to such times and places as they shall think convenient; as also to ascertain the number of their quorum; provided \)x2i\. such numbers be not less than the third part of the whole, in whom (or more) shall be the full power of the General Assembly. " " II. To enact and make all such laws, acts and constitutions as shall be necessary for the well government of the said Province, and them to repeal : provided, that the same be consonant to reason, and as near as may be conveniently agreeable to the laws and customs of his Majesty's kingdom of England: provided also, that they be not against the interest of us the Lords Proprietors, our heirs or assigns, nor any of those our concessions, especially that they be not repugnant to the article for liberty of conscience above mentioned : which laws so made shall receive publication from the Governor and council (but as the laws of us and our General Assembly) and be in force for the space of one year and no more, unless contradicted by the Lords Proprietors, within which time they are to be presented to us, our h6irs, &c. for our ratification; and being confirmed by us, they shair be in continual force till expired by their own limitation, or by act of repeal in like manner to be passed (as aforesaid) and confirmed." " III. By act as aforesaid, to constitute all courts, together with the limits, powers and jurisdictions of the same; as also the several offices and number of officers belonging to each court, with their re- spective salaries, fees and perquisites; their appelations and dignities, with the penalties that shall be due to them, for the breach of their several and respective duties and trusts." / GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. 37 "IW By act as aforesaid, to lay equal taxes and assessments, equally to raise moneys or goods upon all lands (excepting- the lands of us the Lords Proprietors before settling) or persons within the several precincts, hundreds, parishes, manors, or whatsoever other divisions shall hereafter be made and established in the said Province, as oft as necessity shall require, and in such manner as to them shall seem most equal and easy for the said inhabitants; in order to the better support- ing of the publick charge of the said Government, and for the mutual safety, defence and security of the said Province." " V. By act as aforesaid, to erect within the said Province, such and so many mant-rs, with their necessary courts, jurisdictions, freedoms and privileges, as to them shall seem meet and convenient: As also to livide the said Province into hundreds, parishes, tribes, or such other divisions and districtions, as they shall think fit; and the said divisions to distinguish by what names we shall order or direct; and in default thereof, by such names as they please: As also in the said Province to create and appoint such and so many ports, harbours, creeks, and other places for the convenient lading and unlading of goods and merchan- dizes, out of ships, boats and other vessels, as shall be expedient; with such jurisdictions, privileges and francheses to such ports, &c. belong- ng, as they shall judge most conducing to the general go(xl of the said IMantaticjn or Province." "VIII. By act (as at'(jresaid) to give all stranger.s, as lo ihem shall seem meet, a naturalization, and all such freedoms and privileges within the said Province as to his Majesty's subjects do of right belong, they swearing or subscribing as aforesaid; which said strangers, so natural- ized and privileged shall be in all resjjects accounted in said province, IS the King's natural subjects. " " IX. By act (as aforesaid) to prescribe the quantity of land which shall be from time to time, allotted to every head, free or servant, male or female, and to make and ordain rules for the casting of lots for land and the laying out of the same; PROVIDED, that thev do not in their prescriptions e.xceed the several proportions which are hereby granted by us to all persons arriving in the said Province or adventuring thither. " " X. The General Assembly by act, as aforesaid, shall make provis- ion for the maintenance and support of the Governor and for the de- fraying of all necessary charges for the government; as also that the constables of the said Province shall collect the Lords rent, and shall 38 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. pay the same to the receiver that the Lords shall appoint to receive the same; unless the General Assembly shall prescribe some other way whereby the Lords may have their rents duly collected, without charge or trouble to them." "XL Lastly to enact, constitute and ordain all such other laws, acts and constitutions as shall or may be necessary for the good pros- perity and settlement of the said Province excepting what by these presents is excepted, and conforming to the limitations herein ex- pressed." "The Governor is with his Council before Express'd. First. To see that all courts establish 'd by the laws of the General Assembly, and all ministers and officers, civil and military, do and execute their sev- eral duties and offices respectively, according to the laws in force; and to punish them for swerving from the laws, or acting contrary to their trust, as the nature of their offences shall require." " IL According to the constitution of the General Assembly, to nominate and commissionate, the several judges, members and officers of courts, whether magistratical or ministerial and all other civil officers, coroners, &c. and their commissions, powers and authority to revoke at pleasure: provided^ that they appoint none but such as are freehold- ers in the Province aforesaid, unless the General Assembly consent." '' II L According to the constitution of the General Assembly, to appoint courts and officers in cases criminal ; and to impower them to inflict penalties upon offenders against any of the laws in force in the said Province, as the said laws shall ordain ; whether by fine, imprison- ment, banishment, corporal punishment, or to the taking away of member or life itself if there be cause for it." "VIII. To act and do all other things that may conduce to the safety, peace and well-government of the said Province, as they shall see fit; so as they be not contrary to the Laws of said Province." " For THE BETTER SECURITY OF THE PROPERTIES OF ALL THE InHAB- II ANis. First. They are not to impose or suffer to be imposed, any tax, custom, subsidy, tallage, assessment, or any other duty whatso- ever upon any colour or pretence, upon the said Province and inhab- itants thereof, other than what shall be imposed by the authority and consent of the General Assembly, and then only in manner as afore- said." "II. They are to take care that lands quietly held, planted and possessed seven years, after its being duly survey'd by the Surveyor GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. 39 (ieneral, or his order, shall not be subject to any review, re-survev or alteration of bounders, on what pretence soever by any of us, or by anv officer or minister under us." "III. They are to take care that no man, if his cattle strav, ranjje or graze on any ground within the said Province, not actuallv appropriated or set out t(; particular persons, shall be lyable to pay anv trespass f(jr the same, to us, our heirs or executors: Pronided, that cus- tom of commons be not thereby pretended to, nor any person hindered from taking up, and appropriating any lands so grazed upon : And that no person dA11) PrO\INCK may \U: vhk mokk H'l- KDII \ I'KOMOl ID." "1. We do hereby grant unto all persons who have already ad- ventured to .said Province of Nni' Caisarta or AV.i' Jersey^ or shall transport themselves, or servants, before the first day of /niniary, which shall be in the year of our Lord one thojisand six luDidrcd sixtv- five, these following proportions, vijc. : To every freeman that shall -<) with the first Governor, from the port where he cnibarcpies, or shall meet him at the rendezvous he appoints, for the settlement of a planta- tion there, arm'd with a good musket, bore twelve bullets to the pound, with ten pounds of p(jwder, and twenty pounds of bullets with l^andi- liers and match convenient, and with six months provision for his own ])erson arriving there, one hundred and hfty acres of land English measure; and for every able servant that he shall carrv with him, irm'd and provided as aforesaid, and arriving there, the like quantity Mf one hundred and fifty acres English measure: And whosoever shall send servants at that time, shall have for every able man servant he or she shall send, armed and i)rovided as aforesaid, and arrive there, the like quantity of one hundred and fifty acres; And for every weaker servant, or slave, male or female, exce(iding the age of fourteen years, which any one shall send or carry, arriving there, seventy five acres of land: And for every Christian servant, exceeding the age aforesaid, after the expiration of their time of service, seventy five acres of land for their own use." " II. ITEM. To every master or mistress that .shall go before the tjrst day oi Jaiinnrv, which shall be in the year one thousand six hundred sixty-five; one hundred and twenty acres of land. And for everv able man servant, that he or she shall carry or send, arm'd and provided as aforesaid, and arriving within the time aforesaid, the like quantity of 40 TfFF .TrnrrrAL and civil history of new jersey. one hundred and twenty acres of land: And for every weaker servant or slave, male or female, exceedin^^ the age of fourteen years, arriving there, sixty acres of land: And to every Christian servant to their own use and behoof sixty acres of land." "III. ITEM. To every free man and free woman that shall arr've in the said Province, arm'd and provided as aforesaid, within the second vear, from the first day oi January 1665 to the first day oi January one thousand six hundred sixty-six, with an intention to plant, ninety acres of land English measure: And for every man servant that he or she shall carry or send, armed and provided as aforesaid, ninety acres of land of like measure." " IV. ITEM. For every weaker servant or slave, aged as aforesaid, that shall be so carried or sent thither within the second year, as afore- said, forty five acres of land of like measure: And to every Christian servant that shall arrive the second year, forty five acres of land of like measure, after the expiration of his or their time of service, for their own use and behoof." "And that the l.-vnus may be rHE more regularly laid out anl> ALL persons the BETTER ASCERTAIN 'd OF THEIR TITLE AND POSSESSION." "III. ITEM. We do also grant convenient proportions of land for highways and for streets, not exceeding one hundred foot in breadth in cities, towns and villages, ^q. and for churches, forts, wharfs, kays, harbours and for publick houses; and to each parish for the use of their ministers two hundred acres, in such places as the General Assembly sliall appoint. " "IV. ITEM. The Governor is to take notice, that all such lands laid out for the uses and purposes aforesaid in the next preceding arti- cle, shall be free and exempt from all rents, taxes and other charges and duties whatsoever, payable to us, our heirs or assigns." "V. ITEM. That in laying out lands for cities, towns, vilages, bcjnnighs, or other hamblets, the said lands be divided into seven parts: one seventh part whereof to be by lot laid out for us, and the rest divided to such as shall be willing to build thereon, they paying after the rate of one penny or half-penny per acre (according to the value of the land) yearly to us, as for their other lands as aforesaid: which said lands in cities, towns, &c. is to be assured to each possessor by the same way and instrument as is before mentioned." VI. ITEM. That all rules relating to the building of each street, or quantity of ground to be allotted to each hou.se within the said re- GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. 41 spective cities, boroughs and towns, be wholly left by act as aforesaid, to the wisdom and discretion of the General Assembly." "VII. ITEM. That the inhabitants of the said Province have free passage thro' or by any seas, bounds, creeks, rivers or rivulets, &c. in the said Province, thro' or by which they must necessarily pass to come from the main ocean to an)' part of the Province aforesaid." "VIII. Lastly. It shall be lawful for the representatives of the Freeholders, to make any addjess to the Lords touching the Governor and Council, or any of them, or concerning any grievances whatsoever, or for anything they shall desire, without the con.sent of the Governor and Council or any of them. GI\"EX under our seal of our said Prov- ince the tenth day of Fchriiary in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred si.xty and four." "JOHN BERKELEY." "G. CARTERET." Philip Carteret was the first governor of Xewjersey and arrived in KWIS, landing at Elizabeth Town, where he foimd four families already located. While the Dutch ruled in New Netherlands, there was only one governor for the two jirovinces of New York and New Jersey; in fact, both colonies were then included under the general name of New Netherlands. Carteret brought with him thirty immigrants from Eng- land, who, with the four families already there, founded that ancient and venerable town, which at one time was the capital of the province and afterwards became famous in the history of New Jersey. It was named after Lady Elizabeth, the wife of Sir George Carteret, whose name is often mentioned after her husband's death, and is associated with some important events in the future history of the colony. Eliza- beth Town has grown from the four houses which formed the settler nient when Philip Carteret first saw it, to a city of more than forty-five thousand inhabitants and is now called E.izabeth. New Jersey was now an independent province, with all the appli- ances, so far as fertility of soil, salubrity of climate and convenience of position were concerned, for sustaining a large population. It had rulers who were vested with almost royal authority, who had appointed a governor to whom they had delegated a portion of that authority, and he had assumed the reins of government. It had a constitution of great liberality, fully guaranteeing the rights of the colonists and secur- ing their most sacred liberties; it was thus enabled to exercise all the functions of civil authority; but it did not possess all the requisites of ii ^1 42 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. well equipped and organized state. It had an executive, a chief mag- istrate called a g-overnor; but it had no legislature, nor any judiciary. Its inhabitants were few in number and found in spots, few^ and far between, within its borders, and the wants of these inhabitants were commensurate with the paucity of their numbers. They w^ere fighting the stern battle of life for mere existence, with their utmost efforts gaining only a bare subsistence for themselves and their families. The time was coming, and in the near future, when all the component parts of the machinery of government would be needed, but that time was not vet at hand. The people were not yet in a condition that required the protection of a popular legislature; they had little time in that dawn of the history of the State to seek litigation for securing their rights and redressing their wrongs. The process of providing legisla- tion and a judiciary must grow with the growth of the people and the process was necessarily slow and tedious. By the "grants and conces- sions " a legislature made up of representatives of the people and elected by them; and of the governor and his council, to be composed of six or more, not exceeding twelve, selected by him, was to be organ- ized. It should have power "/^^ make and enact all such laws^ acts and constitutions as shall be necessa?']' for the icell goTcrnnioit of the said province" provided they were consonant to reason, and '^ as near as may be conveniently agreeable to the laics and customs of his Majesty's kingdom of England; " and also provided they were not against the in- terests of the Lords Proprietors, or their concessions and ''especially that they loere not repugnant to the article f)r liberty of conscience. " But there was none from whom might then be selected either the legislators for the people, nor the council for the governor, nor were there liti- gants for any courts which might be organized. Few of the colonists, perhaps none, were fitted by education or mental training for the im- portant duties connected with legislatures and councils. The kind of men to fill these positions had not yet been attracted to the new colony, either by the hope of political advancement or of securing worldly gain, or of obtaining religious tolerance ; or by any of those induce- ments which impel adventurous spirits or men of advanced ideas to seek new cHmes and untried conditions. Newark had not yet received its immigration of stern, earnest, sub- stantial Puritans from Connecticut. Perth Amboy was still to be settled; It did not exist, not even on paper; there were no commercial marts, with bright-eyed, keen, bustling merchants, intent upon trade; GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS. 43 no busy workshops, noisy with the hum of industrious workmen; no pushing, th-rivinj)^ manufacturing towns, where artisan and mechanic ccmgregated and all was energy and life ; there was no commerce then ; there were no manufactures. There were a few Hollanders and with them some Norwegians who had crept over from New Amsterdam, when the Dutch ruled New Netherlands; some Dutch, some English and s(jme vSwedes had gone into the southern end of New Jersey; that was all — a mere fringe of population. How came those four families at I'^liz^beth Town which Governor Carteret found there, and to which he added thirty immigrants, when he landed? It will be remembered that Colonel Xicolls had been appointed governor by the Duke of York over the wht)le country described in the grant from Charles. He did not know, nor had he heard of the conveyance to Berkeley and Carteret until long after it was made, and until he learned of it, he supposed that his authority extended, as governor, over the whole country given to York. It was his duty to his royal master, as well as his own interest, to use his best endeavc^r to settle the land. To this end, and while believing himself to be such governor and vested with full authority to do so, he had made some grants of land in New Jer- sey to actual settlers, among them to these four families at Elizabeth Town. Governor Carteret did not disturb them; it was not for the in- terest of his superiors, nor of himself, that he should do so. The plan of subdividing the domain granted to the duke into smaller principalities did not meet with the approval of Governor Nicolls; he remonstrated with his royal master for depriving him of what he con- sidered a vested right and for separating one part of his province from the other; he atteni])ted to show him the loss he had sustained, com- paring the fertility of the soil of New Jersey with that of New York and i)raising the number and size of the rivers in the former province; foreseeing what might result if such a separation should be practically carried out, he predicted the result to the duke and to his grantees; the duke would reap no benefit from the grant from the king; his grantees would never be able to settle their part of the country to their satisfac- tion nor to recei\e any return commensurate with their expectations, and they would involve themselves and their heirs in irretrievable ruin by the amount of expense they would find absolutely necessary in pro- viding for the future needs of their province. Of course all these remonstrances were then made too late; the conveyance was already made; Berkeley and Carteret were in actual possession and Nicolls must surrender. 44 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Governor Carteret sent agents into New England and other adjacent colonies and even to the mother country, with copies of the "Grant and Concessions." The liberal provisions of this remarkable document naturally attracted the attention of the restive inhabitants of Connecti- cut who' were chafing under the rule of the ungodly who had invaded their settlements, had made their wicked assaults against God's elect and had abrogated one of their fundamental laws ; so, they must seek a shelter elsewhere, the result of which transfer was the foundation of the largest city in New Jersey and one of the largest in the Union, prominent for the great variety and extent of its manufactures. Newark was settled in 1666 by Puritans who came principally from three places in Connecticut — Guilford, Milford and Brandford. They were joined by a few other religious enthusiasts like themselves from New Haven and other adjacent localities, and they were all actuated by the same ruling purpose. They did not all leave their New Eng- land homes together or at the same time; their departures, however, were not many months apart ; they were strict in the performance of any duty which they believed incumbent upon them and strangely mingled the severity of the Old Testament requirements with the divine love which Christ, their acknowledged Teacher and Guide, pro- claimed as the only true foundation of his kingdom on earth. Tender and loving to wife and children, they demanded from them and from all who were in duty bound to obey them, prompt and implicit obedience to every command. They were merciless to the unrepentant sinner, inflicted the harshest punishment for crime and never forgave those who contemned authority. They claimed to be the saints of Christ's kingdom, and assumed the right to dominate over the lives and opinions of those who dwelt with them, or who sought shelter in their homes or in their community. All must conform to their mode of be- lief and Christian life. They were bigoted and intolerant, according to the modern notions of intolerance; but it must be remembered that they lived at a time when intolerance was almost universal ; when tol- erance was the exception to the general rule. They had braved the dangers of the ocean, the privations and hardships of a new life in the midst of a primeval forest, surrounded by savage foes; they had sur- rendered the delights of civilization and the associations of home and native land so that they might isolate themselves and enjoy their own ■peculiar notions of religious liberty. Having braved all this with a common purpose, they claimed the right to select from those who SETTLEMENT OF NEWARK. 45 might apply for admission to their community those whom they be- lieved would comply with the rules they had established for their own guidance. In making this claim, they asserted nothing more than what any head of a family, who had established his home and rules for its guidance, might properly demand from any stranger who should seek a permanent shelter under his roof. Impressed with this idea, which was a ruling one with them, they enacted a law in their Connec- ticut home, that no one, unless he were a member of a Congregational church, sh(juld be permitted to vote or hold office. The)' also pro- vided that (mly such should be admitted within their colony as land owners who could ])ass the scrutiny of the town meetings. These laws were annulled, and then, the sterner souls, who believed in such legis- lation, resolved t<; seek still another home, where they could enforce this rule to its fullest extent. The "Grants and Concessions " were brought to their ncjtice and they concluded to avail themselves of the offers made therein and find a new h(mie in New Jersey. But their re- moval from Ccjnnecticut was no hasty measure; it was carefully weighed and prayerfully considered. All jjossible ]jrecautions were taken to jirevent failure and to learn all the facts which should direct their judgment. vSo, the Puritans of Milft)rd sent Robert Treat, who, :is appears by the records of the time, was their most prominent and re- liable man, with some others from adjoining towns, to examine into the condition of affairs as they then existed in the province where such flattering inducements were held out to immigrants to settle. These agents visited (iovernor Carteret at Elizabeth Town and consulted with him about the place for a settlement and the terms. Their attention was first directed to the land on the east bank of the Delaware River, near the present location of the city of Burlington. That situation, however, was not .satisfactory to the pi'ospectors, and they returned to Iili/.al)eth Town and again consulted with the governor. He induced them to examine the land on the Passaic River, north of Elizabeth Town, and after some negotiation, they selected the present site of Newark for their future home. The Ilackensack Indians, a broken fragment of the great Lenni Lenape nation, roved over this part of the country and claimed it for their hunting and fishing grounds. Gov- ernor Carteret gave Treat and his companions a letter to the chiefs of their tribe to enable them the better to treat with them for the pur- chasing of the land. This was m the fall of 1005, and nothing more was done then, so far 46 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. as anv purcliasc of the soil was concerned. In May, 1666, the colonists committed themselves, their families, their beloved pastor, their church records and communion service, their deacons, their household goods, to the keeping- of .somevrude vessels of the day, sailed down the Con- necticut River into Long Island Sound, out into the East River and to New York Bay, then through the Kill into Newark Bay and up the Passaic River, reaching their appointed destination. The dangers and privations of this momentous voyage cannot be appreciated in these modern times when the appliances for speedy and comfortable travel are so multiplied. Their wuves and children, their old gray-haired men and women, had been subjected to confinement in inconvenient vessels with no comforts and nothing to relieve the tedium of the iourney except the slowly shifting landscapes through which they passed. After they had reached their goal and surveyed their promised Canaan, they could well believe their perils were over, their dangers past, and they might hope to rest quietly in their new homes and again raise their Ebenezer. But in this they were sadly disap- pointed. Mr. Robert Treat, some years afterwards, told the story of what happened to them, and his words will well describe their trials. He said, " But no sooner was the Company present got on the Place and landed some of their goods, than I with some others was by some of the Hackensack Indians, warned off the Grounds and | theyj seemed troubled and angry that we landed any of our goods there, tho' first we told them we had the Governor's order: but they replied the land was theirs and it was unpurchased and therefore we put Goods on board the vessels again and acquainted the Governor with the matter. " vSubsequentlv peace was restored between the white settlers and the Hackensacks, and the land now occupied by the city of Newark was bought from the aborigines. These first settlers in Newark were men of substance, considering the times and the circumstances, and brought considerable wealth with them; their minister, the Rev. Abraham Peirson, being rated as the wealthiest man among them. They first made a purchase from the Indians of the land which ex- tended to the foot of the Orange Mountain, from the Passaic, south- ward to the lands of Elizabeth Town, and northward to a boundary somewhat indefinitely described. The land thus bought was sufficiently designated, however, so that it is known that it included the modern sites of Newark, Belleville, Bloomfield and the Oranges. The consid- eration paid to the Indians was " sixty double hands of powder, one CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SETTLERS. 47 hundred harres (^f lead, twenty axes, twenty coates, ten guns, twenty pistolls, ten kettles, ten swords, four blankets, four barrels of beere, ten paires of breeches, twenty howes, [hoes?] eight hundred and fifty fathom of wamjjum, ten ankors of licqueurs, or something equivalent, and three trooper's coates. " This purchase by the colonists from the aborigines occasioned thereafter great difficulties between the Lords Proprietors and the inhabitants of Xewark ; they insisted that as the\- had been obliged t<> pay the Indians for the land, they were not bound to pay any rent to the pro]irietors, and it was many years before the question was finally settled. Beff)re leaving their Connecticut home, the immigrants made a ~')lemn comjiact, which was either then or afterwards reduced to writ- ing and signed by them and their associates. This compact played a jiromincnt ])art in the to.vn's history and was called the "■ fiiudatintital (}i(ri-i'iU(ii(s." Twenty-three signatures of former inhabitants of Brand- ford were appended to it and undoubtedly before they left Connecticut. I-'orty-one actual settlers, who were on the ground in the new colony, signed it there. The most of these, if not all, were heads of families, tnd their names are represented to-day in Xewark, with very few, if tny exceptions. The agreements were signed at Brandford the 3()th 'f October, HiOM, and at Xewark on the t»4th day of June, lOOT. According to the most reliable accounts that can now l)e reached, there were about thirty families who thus founded Xewark. At some places, exactly where can only be conjectured, the original olonists met together, at the very beginning of the history of this 'V;//r ''.17/ on the l\issaick\" and solemnl)' resolved that '" the aforesaid pcr- <>us" from Miltord, (iuilford and Brandford, "together with their asso- ciates, being now accepted of, do make one township, provided they end word so to be an\- time between this and the last of October next ■ nsuing, acc(jrding to fundamentals mutually agreed upon, do desire to be of one heart and consent, through God's blessing with one hand ihey may endeaver the carrying on of spirital concernments as also civil and town affairs according t(j God and a (lodly government, there to be settled by them and their associates." The majority of the ■'aforesaid persons " referred to in this resolution were in all ])rob- .ibility, immigrants from Milford, for, at first, the new settlement was called Milford. Scot's "Model of the Government of the Province of New Jersey, " published in 1(385, speaks of Xewark, '^ alias Milford'' vUid says that it was the m(jst compact town in the province and "has 48 THE .lEDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. about 100 families and about 500 inhabitants." It was, however, very- early called Newark in the records of the town. Those records, kept by Captain Robert Treat, mention a committee of eleven as being ap- pointed " to order and settle the concernments and people of the place " and that this committee mutually agreed "that the agents from Guil- ford and Brandford do take up and hold till June in the year one thou- sand six hundred and sixty-seven." Great care was taken to prevent any persons becoming settlers in " our town upon Passaick River" ex- cept those who were of good character and of like religious opinions with themselves, for no one could be admitted unless he "bring due testimonials to the Committee there." The " Fundamental Agreements " were these: "1st. That none .shall be admitted freemen or Burgesses within our Deut. 1-25 Town upon Passaick River in the Province of New Jersey Deut 11~15 ^^^^ such Planters as are members of some or other Congre- gational Churches, nor shall any but such be chosen to Magistracy or to Carry on any part of Civil Judicature, or as deputies, or assistants, to have power to Vote In establishing Laws and making or Repealing them or to any Chief Military Trust or Office. Nor shall any But such Jerem. 36-21 Church Members have any Vote in such elections; Tho' all others admitted to Be Planters have Right to their proper Inherit- ance, and do and shall enjoy all other Civil Liberties and Privileges, According to all Laws, Orders, Grants, which are, or hereafter shall be made for this Town. "2nd. We shall with Care and Diligence provide for the mainte- nance of the Purity of Religion professed in the Congregational Church. Whereunto subscribed the Inhabitants from Branford.", So here in Newark was established a law of perfect intolerance. The colonist were a busy people. No drones were permitted in that hive of industry and thrift. It is very much to be regretted that no historian of the day has written of those times; it would be intensely interesting reading for the descendants of the first settlers in Newark. The industrious habits, the sober sedate characteristics, the sensible thrift, the honest economy, the soul-felt enduring piety and the homely virtues of these founders of the great city have survived in many of its residents, who trace their lineage back to such ancestry. All the public business of the colony for more than one hundred and fifty years was transacted at their town meetings, which were held at sev- eral stated times during the year. Officers were regularly appointed, TOWN REGULATIONS. 49 whose duty it was to warn the citizens to attend these meetings, and fines were imposed for non-attendance by those whose duty it was to be present. Their ministers were called ; their salaries fixed ; their school- masters were selected and their compensation arranged ; the erection of church edifices and of school houses was discussed and plans adopted for their erection, at these meetings. At the very first one of these assemblies, held October 30, 16GG, a record was made of these utter- ances: " Item, it is fully agreed that every Man that comes to be admitted an Inhabitant with us, shall first produce and bring a certificate from the Chief of the Place from whence he comes unless the Town be upon their Knowledge satisfied in and about the Good Carriage and Be- havior of them otherwise; then it is agreed upon by a full Vote of the Town assembled, that all and every Man that comes to be received . . an Inhabitant in our Town on Passaick River, shall first subscribe his Name and declare his assent with the rest of the Town, to all and every one of our fundamental agreements on the other side recorded and here following agreed upon, viz. : That it is fully and unanimously agreed upon as a Condition upon the which every one doth reckon and hold his Lands and accommodations in the Town, viz. : that they will from Time to Time pay or cause to be paid yearly in their full Propor- tions equally, to the Maintainance & allowance agreed upon for the up- holding of the settled Ministry and preaching of the word in our Town, and that was agreed upon before any Division of Land was laid out ex- cept Home Lotts — and I^ghty Pounds per the year was agreed on and allowed for the present Minister." " Item, it is agreed upon, that in case any shall come into us or arise up amongst us that shall willingly or wilfully disturb us in our Peace and Settlements, and especially that would subvert us from the true Religion and worship of (iod, and cannot or will not keep their opinions to themselves or be reclaimed after due Time and means of Conviction and reclaiming hath been used; it is unanimously agreed upon and Consented unto us a fundamental Agreement and Order, that all and Persons so ill disposed and affected shall after Notice given them from the Town quietly depart the Place Seasonably, the Town allowing them valuable Considerations for their Lands or Houses as Indifferent Men shall price them, or else leave them to make the best of them to any Man the Town shall approve of." " Item, it was ordered and agreed upon, in Case of changes of Lands 50 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. o r any kind ot obligation whatsoever by Gift, Sale, Exchange or other- wise that any new Inhabitant shall arrive or come into Town to inhabit with us; it is agreed and ordered that he or they from Time to Time shall in all respects subscribe and enter into the same engagements as his Predecessors or the rest of the Town have done, before he or they can or shall be accounted Legal Inhabitants in our Town, or have . . . Title to their Lands or Possession therein." " Item, it is solemnly consented unto and agreed by all the Planters & Inhabitants of the Town of Newark from their settling together at hrst, and again publickly renewed as their joint Covenant one with an- other, that they will from Time to Time all submit one to another to be lead, ruled and governed by such Magistrates and Rulers in the Town, as shall be annually chosen by the Friends from among them- selves, with such orders and Law whilst they are settled here by them- selves as they had in the Place from whence they came, under such Penalties as the Magistrates upon the Nature of the offence shall de- termine." Special attention has been given to the history of Newark, not only because that city is the largest and most influential in the State, but, also, because of its exceptional origin, of the peculiar character of its first settlers and of the dominance which these first settlers and their descendants obtained over the civil and judicial interests of the province and State. Before the seventeenth century these energetic men sent forth colonies which founded the towns and villages in their neighbor- hood. They went towards the mountain and settled in the localities afterwards known as the Oranges, Bloomfield, Montclair, Irvington and other places In the beginning of the eighteenth century, they crossed the Passaic, went over into Morris county and extended them- selves, before the first half of the century had passed, into the central part of that county. Wherever they went, they made themselves felt in all religious, governmental and judicial affairs. The rise of the most, if not all the other large towns and cities of the State was at so late a period that they have not exercised a moulding influence on its governmental policy. XICHOLLS'S COMMISSION. 51 CHAPTER IV. CONTENTS. Copy of Commission of NichoUs, as Governor ; Effect of his Commission ; Proclama- tion by Nicholls; Application by Six Inhabitants of Jamaica for Liberty to Buy Land upon which to Settle in New Jersey ; Terms of Proclamation Issued by Nicholls; Deed by Indian Sachems; Extract from Deed by Nicholls; Indian Title to John Baker and Others; Monmouth Grant or Patent; Copy of Monmouth Patent; De- scription of Country Conveyed by that Grant; Title to Lands in New Jersey; Indian Title; Dutch Title; Title from (iovernor Nicholls; Title from the Lords Proprietors; Crown Lands; Title from the King; Right of Sovereignty Claimed and Exer- cised by Lords Proprietors; Charles II's new Grant to York; Lease and Re- lease to Sir George Carteret for East Jersey; Directions, etc., of Carteret; New Commission as Governor of East Jersey to Philip Carteret; Copy of Commis- sion to Philip Carteret; Treatment of Indians by First Coloni.sts of New Jersey; Deed of Berkeley to John Fenwick and by Fenwick to Penn and Others; yuintipartite Deed; Division into East Jersey and after this time, but about the period of the oc- currences just narrated. Governor Carteret put himself on the record under such circumstances that it would seem that he precluded him- self, and, so far as his action could do so, estopped his principals from making any objections to the Indian deed and to its confirmation by Governor Nicholls. The Indian deed and the grant by Nicholls were both made to individuals who were named in the deed and grants, "•and their associates^'' who were not named. On the 8th of Septem- ber, 1665, John Baylis, one of the original grantees of the Indian deed, conveyed to Governor Philip Carteret his part of the property belong- ing to him, as one of the associates. In this deed Baylis thus described the premises he intended to convey: "all and every my lott or lotts part or parts of a certain piece of land scituate lying and being on the maine Continent of America commonly called or known by the name of Arthur Cull or Emboyle, or whatever name or names soever it had been or now is called by which said parcel of land he the said John Baylis with several others did lazvfully purchase from the natives or Indians as by his said Bill of Sayle from the Indians, bearing date the 28th of October, 1664, will more at large appear, which was confirmed by his Royal Highness Territorys in America, his grant bearing date the first day of December, 1664." This was not the only transaction of the kind in which Governor Carteret was engaged about that time. He purchased other property from other associates, notably one from Capt. Robert vSealey, and he also became enrolled as one of the associ- ates and called himself an associate. It would seem therefore that Governor Carteret was most effectually estopped from denying the title made by the deed executed by the sachems and confirmed by Cover- THE ASSOCIATES OF THE FOUR FAMILIES. 101 nor Nicholls. He received a deed for land which declared that it was lawfully conveyed by the Indians and confirmed by Nicholls. It must be evident that, at that time, he did not expect ever to raise any ob- jection as to the validity of that Indian deed, nor to the legality of its confirmation by the governor. The historians who have written of New Jersey, wi^h perhaps barely one exception, have either boldly stated, or, at least, intimated in strong terms that Governor Carteret and his thirty immigrants were the first settlers of Elizabeth Town. They do not seem to discriminate between the four grantees of the Indian deed and their associates, and Carteret and his motley band of immigrants. These were mostly serv- ants, eighteen of them certainly were, and they were all, or very nearly all. Frenchmen, or persons bearing French names. They were possi- bly English subjects, born on the island of Jersey, but of French blood, and some of the thirty immigrants were women. There were only two gentlemen, or persons recognized as such, according to the notions of those times, besides the governor, among them, and they were Capt. James Bollen and Robert Vaucjuellin, a Frenchman, a surveyor, who afterwards became surveyor-general of the province. Bollen was an assured follower and devoted friend of the governor, whose cause he espoused with unswerving fidelity and unquestioning adherence, dur- ing all the future troubles between him and the people. He was clerk of the town and afterwards secretary of the Council. Carteret and his immigrants, it must be remembered, arrived at Elizabeth Town in August, 1665. On the 19th of February, 1665, six months before they landed, sixty-five inhabitants at Elizabeth Town took the oath of alle- giance. This was at a town meeting of the voters of the settlement held on the day when the land was divided into town lots and allotted to the colonists. All the males of the colony were obliged to attend that meeting, to take this oath. The names of those who subscribed the oath are given, but that of John Baylis does not appear among them ; he was away on business for the governor in pursuance of direc- tions received from London. If he had been at home he would un- doubtedly have signed. The names of those who took that oath on that wintry day are perpetuated by some of the most worthy and respectable families of the city of Elizabeth to-day ; Woodruff, Ogden, Crane, Carter, Moore, Marsh, Oliver, Tucker, Price, Bond, Whitehead, Meeker, Bon- nell, Hatfield, Headley, Parker, Barber and others. Mention has been made of the associates of the four grantees of the 102 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Indian deed. It would aid greatly in establishing some siippposed, but really unknown, facts relating to the first settlement of Elizabeth Town, if the truth relative to these associates could be learned. There is a record in the town book of Elizabeth Town, which may give aid in that direction. Fifty years after the date of the first settlement there appears this record: "Richard Nicholls, by virtue of the power and authority vested in him by James (then) Duke of York, &c., Did thereby Grant Bargain sell and confirm unto Capt. John Baker (then) of New York, John Ogden (then) of North Hampton and John Bailey and Luke Watson and their associates the premises afores'd in ffee simple, which same associates (together with them the sd Baker, Og- den, Bailey and Watson equally seized Each to a third Lot right in the premises), were the said John Baker, John Ogden, Jno. Bailey and Luke Watson and with them Thomas Young, Benjamin Price, John Woodruff, Philip Carteret, Two Third lotts, Robert Bond, Sealy Chap- man (Transfer'd to Benjamin Parkhurst) William Meeker, Thomas Thompson, Samuel Marsh, Town Lott for the minister, Will'm Piles, Peter Covenhoven, John Brocket (Transfer'd to Sam'l Hopkins) James Bollen, Jacob Melyen, Nicholas Carter and Jeremiah Peck. And, To each a Second Lot-Right in the same Premises, Isaac Whitehead, Joseph Meeker, Humphrey Spinning, Jeoffry Jones, George Ross, Joseph Bond, Matthias Hetfield, Barnabas Winds, Robert White, Peter Morss, John Winans, Joseph Sayre, Richard Beach, Moses Thompson, John Gray, William Johnson, John Brockett, Jun'r, Simon Rouse, William Trotter, John Ogden, Jun'r, Jonas Wood, Robert Morss, Mr. Leprary, Caleb Carwithe, William Pardon and Stephen Osborne. And to each a first lot-Right in the same Premises. Jonathan Ogden, Abraham Shotwell, David Ogden, Nathaniel Tuttell, Benjamin Price, Jun'r, Roger Lambert, Abraham Lawrence, John Hindes, Thomas Moor, Joseph flfrazey, Yokam Andross, Denis White, Nathaniel Norton (since transer'd to Henry Norris) Great John Wilson, Hur Thompson, Ben- jamin Oman, Evan Salsbury, Little John Wilson, Stephen Crane, Henry Lyon, John Parker, John Ogden, Jr., John Dickinson, Leonard Headley, Nathaniel Bonnel, George Morris, Joseph Osborn, Pardey, (Transfer'd to Henry Norris) George Pack, John Pope, ffrancis Barber, William Oliver, Richard Painter and Charles Tooker. " There were eighty of these associates, if this last extract be correct. Whether they all came to Elizabeth Town at the same time is problemat- ical ; it is not probable that they did. But it is certain that many of them ELIZABETH TOWN. 103 named in this record, forty in all, took the oath of allegiance on the 19th of Febriiary, 1665, and must have been at Elizabeth Town on that day. Many of the present inhabitants of Elizabeth and adjoining towns will recognize their ancestors in this list of worthies. It is now manifest that Philip Carteret and his thirty immigrants had little, if anything, to do with settling Elizabeth Town; when he landed he must have found quite a town there with perhaps two hundred inhabitants. Neither could they have exercised much influence in moulding the future of the settlement. Carteret was a youth of twenty-six years and although he showed some ability and a determination at times, yet in emergencies when he ought have risen superior to fear, he evinced a lack of courage which manifested that he was not equal to the de- mands made upon him as a ruler of a growing province, in a strange country, where firmness and intensity of purpose were required.^ The immigrants, who accompanied Carteret, were not qualified either by character, influence or education to make themselves felt bv the community into which they were introduced. They made no impression whatever on the people or the State, and are never heard of again, with perhaps one exception, Mr. Robert Vauquellin, who filled quite a prominent position in the colony. He was, as alread}- stated, afterwards surveyor-general, became a member of the Governor's Council and met with the first Legislature The real founders of Elizabeth Town, the promoters of its best inter- est, its most permanent advantages, were to be found among the eighty associates; those sturdy, self-denying. God-fearing Puritans who left the mother country and their new homes in New England for conscience's sake and for principle. It is possible that earthly motives may have entered into the inducements which led them to New Jersey, but, undoubtedly, the main impelling force which sent these associates thither were the liberal concessions and generous promises made in the " grants and concessions" which had been scattered all through New England in the early part of 1664. In 1661 a glowing description of the province had been published which expatiated on the goodness of the climate; the wonderful variety of its productions in fruits, vegetables, trees and grains ; of the numer- ' On page 41 of this history, reference is made to the settlement of Elizabeth Town. It is there stated that Carteret and his thirty immigrants with the four families already there, founded that ancient and venerable town. This is an error. Investigations made since that page was written have complelely satisfied the author that he was mi.staken. It is hoped that the error is now completely corrected. 104 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. ous kinds of game, fish, minerals, and of the exceeding fertility of the soil. If the account were to be believed, it was a veritable earthly paradise. As early as 1650, the natural beauty of the country, its great productiveness and its beautiful scenery had been described in most enthusiastic terms. This was the country to which came these hardy settlers imbued with the peculiar religious tenets of their Puritanic faith, and these were the elements with which this new colony was to begin the battle with the wilderness; subdue its savage fastnesses; to introduce the arts of a cultivated and educated life and interject a christian civilization into this western world. In some respects they seemed unfitted for those high ends, but they had peculiarities of temperament and culture which placed them in the front of the battle. The governor sent them from the mother country was of little aid; they were the real heroes, the true contestants in that noble strife. The enterprise had not been undertaken without thought, examina- tion and discussion. Persons with wisdom and large experience were sent to view the land where the settlement was proposed to be made; the prospects and other circumstances connected with the undertak- ing were discussed, and doubtless, the blessing of Almighty God was invoked for guidance. It was agreed that the land of the colony should be divided among the immigrants in the following proportions, according to the amount of money paid; first, second and third lot; the second to be double, and the third, treble the first. But whatever may have been the rights of the settlers as to the division of land, in the allotment of homesteads all settlers were on the same footing, each receiving a lot of six acres; the only difference being the location, which, as in Newark, was probably determined by lot. These home lots were laid out on both sides of the creek and the lands thus divided extended some two miles westward. There could be no exact regularity in these lots; the course of the stream, the conformation of the land and other circumstances undoubtedly prevented that. Very soon immigration began to pour in its scores of settlers who came mostly from the same source, New England, and were of the same class of people. Some came directly from Long Island, but originally from Connecticut and other parts of New England, For the first five or six years very few, if any, were emigrants from the mother country. NEWARK. 105 Like most of the towns in New Jersey the business of the munic- ipality was conducted at town meetings, and of these meetings a correct record was kept for nearly fifty years, or until 1718, when the town records disappeared in some mysterious manner, the probability being that they were stolen or destroyed by some person interested in their destruction. Fortunately, some few extracts from them have been preserved, from one of which a glimpse may be obtained of the growth of the town. In 1665-6, this appears: "At a meeting Court held at Elizabeth Town in the province of New Jersey, the 19th of February, 1665-6, by the Freeholders and Inhabitants thereof, James Bollen, Esq. , President by the approbation of the Governor Philip Carteret, Esq., it was concluded and agreed that the aforesaid town shall consist of fourscore families for the present and that if hereafter more shall present they may make an addition of twenty more, according to their discretion for the good and benefit of the town (as to them) shall seem fit." This is certified to be "A true copy from Elizabeth Town Book of Records, No A. fol. 14. per" "Samuel Whitehkad, Town Clerk." The number A, of this Book denotes that it must have been the first record kept. The number of the page also denotes that the record of some town meetings must have preceded that particular entry. The town was settled in the autumn of 1(!04. This record was made in February, Kiiw;, according to modern methods of computing time, The town meetings were held annually, but, in the early history of the town it ma}' have been necessary to convene the voters oftener. Elizabeth Town sent John Ogden, jr., and Jacob Mollins as their deputies or representatives to the first Legislature of New Jersey. These men both took the oath of allegiance, Mollins as Moullaines, and both are named among the eighty associates, Mollins by the name of Melyen. Newark was settled two years later than Elizabeth Town, by the same class of people — Puritans from New England. The immigrants at Newark were made of sterner stuff than those of Elizabeth Town, but there was always a brotherly feeling between the two communities ; it could not be otherwise. The first colonists at "our Town on the Passaick " took instant measures, as soon as possible after their arrival, to make an equitable division of the land among the settlers, according to the " Fundamental Agreements." They accordingly laid out three main streets, the Broad 14 106 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Street, the West Back Lane and the East Back Lane, now called Broad, Washington and Mulberry Streets. After providing that the inhabitants of the principal localities in New England from which the colonists came, should not be separated, they divided the land fronting on these three principal streets into home lots of six acres each, then, meeting together, they invoked the divine blessing and proceeded to draw lots for the choice of the plots of land thus divided. They first resolved, however, that specified parcels should be devoted to certain purposes; the minister's lot; the watering place; the burying place; the training places; the market place; the boatman's lot; the mill lot and the elder's lot were those which were thus excepted from the divis- ion by chance. Robert Treat, who was the Magnus Apollo of the colony, was not required to submit his choice to hazard, but was per- mitted to make the first selection. His election showed the wisdom and the forethought of the man, for it fell on the premises on the southeast corner of Broad and Market streets, always the most valuable ground in the town. After attending to these preliminaries, the people proceeded to draw lots. It can be determined to-day with perfect certainty which lot was drawn by each individual settler. A record has been preserved to this time of those who received their lands by this method of distribution. There is only one of the lots thus divided, any part of which is, to-day, in the possession of a descendant of the first proprietor. William Campe, one of the original settlers and one of those who signed the fundamental agreements, had alotted to him the ground now situate on the corner of Broad and Chestnut Streets extending southward towards what is now Pennington Street, and bounded on the east by the West Back Lane, as Mulberry Street was then called. One of his descendants, of the same name, still owns and occupies a portion of that ground. Until a very few years ago a part of another lot was occupied and owned by a descendant of Samuel Plum, former owner of the whole premises the title to which was acquired by lot. So soon as the necessary settlement of the division of the ground to the colonists was determined, the people went diligently to work to improve their homesteads ; to erect their modest homes ; to provide for the wants of their families and to protect the town and people against the attacks of wild beasts. These first settlers of " our town on the Passaick " were bold men ; ready for any emergency, but while mindful of present duties and provident for the future, they did not neglect to WOODBRIDGE AND PISCATAWAY. 107 provide the conditions for their spiritual and intellectual growth. They had brought their beloved pastor with them and he became one of the objects of their special care. As soon as circumstances would permit, they made haste to erect a house in which their minister, as they de- lighted to call their venerable pastor, could preach the word of God to his flock; then, that accomplished, they employed a schoolmaster and built a school house, thus providing for the education of their children. By a fundamental law of their colony only those who were members of a Congregational Church were allowed to hold office or to vote. The voters were therefore the Church and the State; each had the same in- terests and the same supporters ; there was no division of their inter- ests, and all were equally enlisted in providing at one and the same time for both. There was no strife, no bickerings; the colonists went on their quiet way, industriously striving to build up their own future and at the same time to strengthen and encourage the whole com- munity. At the town meeting held January, 1G68, Jasper Crane and Robert Treat were chosen " Deputies or Burgesses, for the General Assembly, for the Year Insueing; and Lieut. Samuel Swaine is chosen as Third man in case of either the other Failing." Mr. Crane failed to attend and Robert Treat and Lieut. Samuel Swaine appeared in the first Legislature of New Jersey as the delegates or representatives from Newark. On the record Lieut. Swaine's name appears as Swame, but this is a palpable error. The land purchased from the Indians by the men from Jamaica was of much greater extent than was needed for the colonists at Elizabeth Town. That deed was made to John Bailey, Daniel Denton and Luke Watson and their associates. Denton's name is not mentioned in the confirming deed, but it was admitted by the other parties that he had an interest in the land. Governor Carteret and John Ogden bought the estate of Denton and Bailey and thus became with Luke Watson tenants in fee, in common, of the whole grant. An arrangement was made on the 21st day of May, 1665, with Daniel Pierce and his associates, to form two other townships out of the property conveyed by the Indian Deed. One of these was Woodbridge and the other Piscataway, adjoining each other, and both now in the county of Middlesex. Woodbridge is situated between Rahway and Perth Amboy, and at one time was an- nexed to Amboy. It had a prominent position in the colony in its early history. . The Legislature was held there on several occasions; a 108 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. ' court house and a jail were built at this place; but it was not situated like Amboy, at the mouth of a large river and on the sea with an ex- cellent harbor in front of it; nor like Rah way did it command a posi- tion suitable for manufacturing; it therefore remained only a pleasant country village, little more than a hamlet, with a Presbyterian and an Episcopal Church, an academy and a few stores. On the 11th of December, 1G66, Carteret, Ogden and Watson in con- sideration of eighty pounds sterling, conveyed to Daniel Pierce, for the purpose of carrying out the arrangement made in May preceding, one half of the tract "known as Arthur Cull or Amboy le;" extending from the Raritan River to the Rahway, or as it is called in the deed to Pierce, the Rackawack, and running back into the country an indefinite distance, but following the description on that line found in the Indian deed. On the 3d of December, 1667, this deed was confirmed by an- other of the same general character, on the back of which Pierce in- dorsed the names of his associates, who were Joshua Pierce, John Pike, John Bishop, Henry Jaques and Hugh March, or Marsh, of New- bury, Stephen Kent of Havahall (Haverhill?), Robert Dennis, of Yarmouth and John Smith of Barnstable in New England. The land thus conveyed to Pierce was laid out by him as deputy surveyor and each associate received his proportion. This was done very early in the history of Woodbridge. Two of these associates, John Bishop and Robert Denis, were sent as delegates or representatives from Wood- bridge to the first Legislature of New Jersey and they were present and took part in the proceedings. Daniel Pierce was appointed deputy surveyor and as such officer he not only apportioned the property to its owners, but also laid out Woodbridge by bounds, six miles square, as a township. On the 1st of January, 1669, Carteret granted a charter to Woodbridge of a character more liberal than any other ever granted in any country. This charter contained some most remarkable provisions. It granted perfect self government to the inhabitants; they had the power to in- stitute courts; to elect their own magistrates, their military officers, their justices ; to choose their ministers, to whose support each inhab- itant was obliged to contribute according to his substance; two hun- dred acres of land were apportioned for the use of the minister and one hundred acres for a free school, which could never be diverted from these purposes, but should remain devoted to them forever; land was set apart, also, for building a church, a school house and for a market PISCATAWAY. 109 place and these properties thus apportioned to these purposes were freed from quit rent ; perfect tolerance in matters of religion was guaran- tied for all denominations; any inhabitant differing from the others in religious belief might call any minister he pleased; all causes between citizens for the enforcement of contracts were to be tried by courts in stituted by the inhabitants; criminals were also to be tried and pun- ished, if convicted, by their own courts ; imprisonment for debt was abolished, except in cases of fraud in the inception of the debt, or at- tempting to defraud creditors by leaving the country ; free trade was established with no excise or tax except such as might be imposed by the Legislature for defraying public charges. These were some of the provisions contained in this wonderful document. It was signed by the Governor and his Council and afterwards confirmed by Berkeley and Carteret. Woodbridge, at one time, contained within its bounds the city of Rahway, the flourishing village of Metuchin and some hamlets. But Rahway long since outstripped its parent township and became inde- pendent, and Metuchin is growing rapidly beyond it. On the 18th day of December, 1G66, a week after Daniel Pierce re- ceived his first deed, he conveyed a third of the land described in that deed to John Martin, Charles Oilman, Hugh Dunn and Hopewell Hull who, with some associates, formed the township of Piscataway. It was, at first, called New Piscataqua and is supposed by some to have received that name from a settlement in Maine called Piscataqua, whence came, as is claimed, some of its first settlers ; but that is problematical. Piscat- aqua in New Jersey occupied the site of an old Indian village and it is more than probable that the name originated in some Indian appellation of that village or other neighboring locality. In the early history of the colony, courts were held alternately here and at Woodbridge ; and, at one time, Piscataway was the seat of justice for Middlesex and Somerset counties. It is now an incorporated township with several villages in- cluded within its bounds, but has very little influence over the affairs of the State. It was not represented in the first Legislature, nor until the General Assembly which met on the 5th of November, 1675, when John Gilman and Hopewell Hull represented the town still called Piscata- qua. Hopewell Hull was one of the grantees of Daniel Pierce and John Gillman, was probably a relative of Charles, another of his grant- ees. The first settlers seem to have been Baptists; the second Baptist church in New Jersey was established here by the first settlers, one of whom, Hugh Dunn, was the first preacher. J 10 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HLSTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Middletown and Shrewsbury were included in the grant made by the Monmouth patent to which reference has been made. A romantic incident is connected with the first settlement of Middle- town. The exact date of the occurrence cannot be ascertained, but it was several years before Governor Carteret came to New Jersey and while the Dutch had the control of the New Netherlands, and about the time of the Indian wars in New England. A Dutch vessel sailing from Holland for New Amsterdam had nearly reached its place of des- tination when it was unfortunately shipwrecked near Sandy Hook. The passengers, however, were all saved and reached the shore. Among them was a young Dutchman and his bride, to whom he was married just before leaving Holland. The Indians of this part of the coimtry had been hostile and the passengers fled as soon as possible to Manhattan Island. The young Dutchman, however, was too sick to be moved, and remained at the Hook with his wife, who refused to leave him. As the other passen- gers left, they promised to send aid as soon as possible, but before help could reach them a band of savages came upon the man and his wife, killed him, mangled the woman brutally, and left her for dead. She revived sufficiently, however, to make her way to a hollow tree where she remained for several days, subsisting upon the fungi she found there. The Indians left a fire burning which she kept alive for warmth. A few days after, two Indians, one a young and the other an old man found her, and after a warm discussion whether she should be killed, one cf them threw her across his shoulder, carried her to his wigwam, near Middletown, nursed her, dressed her wounds, and she finally recovered. She remained some time with her captor, until the Dutch learning that there was a white woman with the Indians, sent after her. The old Indian gave her freedom and the right to go with her white friends to New Amsterdam. Here she soon made the acquaint- ance of Richard Stout whom she married and became the ancestress of the numerous family of Stouts found in New Jersey. After her mar- riage to Stout, she visited the place of her captivity and finally made a settlement in Middletown with her husband and some of his friends. The old Indian who saved her life used frequently to visit her. One day one of his visits, he warned her, in confidence, that the savages in- tended to murder the settlers. He had provided a canoe hidden at a place on the shore, into which she gathered her children and with them rowed away to New Amsterdam. She had told her husband, but he THE FIRST LEGISLATIVE BODY. Ill refused to believe her and remained. After his wife left, he, becomino^ alarmed, assembled his neighbors and gave them the information his wife had imparted to him. Arrangements were made to repel the at- tack, if one should be made. At midnight, the dreaded war whoop was heard, but during a parley between their assailants and the settlers, the Indians were told that the whites were armed and prepared for the assault and would fight them to the death if they persisted. Peace was declared and a treaty made which was never violated. This must have been before the Monmouth patent, which was made in 16G5. That pat- ent was made to Richard Stout, James Grover and John Bound and their associates The name of Richard Stout, one of the grantees, was the same as that of the husband of the young Dutch woman who was rescued by the old Indian. Whether he was the same or not, cannot be certainly ascertained, but, in all probability, he was. If he were, it is fair to presume that some, if not all, of these grantees were already set- tled in Middletown. In 1601 some residents of Gravesend, on Long Island, had attempted to land on the shore of New Jersey, near Middletown, and settle there, but were warned off by the Dutch. By the Monmouth patents, its patentees were vested with therightof legislation, so far as Nicholls, acting asgoverner under the Duke of York, could grant it. He made this provision by that patent: " I do further grant unto the afc^resaid Patentees, their heirs, successors and assigns, that they shall have liberty to elect by the vote of the major part of the Inhabitants, five or seven other persons of the ablest and discreetest of the said Inhabitants or a greater number of them (if the Patentees, their heirs, successors or assigns shall see cause) to join with them, and they together, or the major part of them shall have full power and authority to make such peculiar prudential laws and constitutions amongst the Inhabitants for the orderly governing of them as to them shall seem meet." In pursuance of this authority, a legislative body called a General Assembly, composed of the patentees and delegates elected from three towns, Middletown, Shrewsbury and Portland Povnt, was held at Shrewsbury on the 14th of December, 16()7, It certainly ex- ercised legislative functions, passing laws for the government of the three towns, and appointing officers, prescribing their duties. It met again in the month of June succeeding and thea gave full scope to its law making powers. This was a purel}^ local body and its jurisdiction, as to extent of country, was exceedingly limited. It was however, the 112 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. first body of men claiming any legislative powers which met in New Jersey. It differed from that body which met at Elizabeth Town in May, 1668, in this, that the latter claimed universal jurisdiction for all legislative purposes, over the whole State. Richard Richardson was elected secretary of the local legislature which met at Shrewsbury and was authorized to record acts, orders and deeds and hence might be considered the first county clerk of Mon- mouth, if that municipal organization had then been in existence. It had, however, no distinctive organization other than such as was de- rived from the Monmouth Patent, but was sometimes called a county before it was legislated into existence as such. The Deputies from Middletown to the Legislature which met at Elizabeth Town, in May, 1668, were James Grover and John Bound. This name. Bound, appears in different forms in the records of the time; in the Patent it is Bown ; again it is called Bound and in other places. Brown. Little dependence can be put upon the orthography of the time. The family, to-day, descended from this John Bound, is one of the most respectable in the vState and is known as Bowne. Portland Poynt, as it is sometimes written, in the oldest records, was settled by Richard Hartshorne, a Quaker or Friend, who came there in 1666. The name of Portland Poynt is still used to designate the locality where he settled, but it never rose to the dignity of a town. Until within a few years, the property originally owned by Hartshorne was still in the possession of his descendants. There is a statement, not well authenticated and which research has failed to corroborate, that there was a settlement within the bounds of Middletown long prior to the time when Hartshorne first came there. Shrewsbury lies south of Middletown, within the bounds of the Mon- mouth tract. It was probably settled in 1664 by immigrants from Connecticut, but this is not certain. Red Bank and Keyport are situ- ate within the original bounds of Shrewsbury. It had no district rep- resentatives in the Legislature which met at Elizabeth Town, May, 1668, but was represented by those from Middletown. In October, 1668, a few* days before the adjourned session of the first Legislature which met at Elizabeth Town was held, the inhabitants of Middletown assembled in town meeting and declared "for the satis- faction of the Governor and Councils" that James Grover and John Bown who had appeared as Deputies in the "■ Counties'' behalf were not legally chosen according to the summons. They complained that THEODORE RUNYON, MIDDLETOWN AND SHREWSBURY NOT REPRESENTED. 113 the Governor's proclamation, calling the Legislature together, was not published until the 24th of May, the day before the meeting of the Legislature and that, as the inhabitants or many of them were settled twenty miles apart, they could not be legally summoned. They further claimed that only a few citizens met and elected the Deputies w^ho attended at Elizabeth Town and that, in consequence of these irregu- larities, they were not bound by the acts of the Legislature. James Grover, one of the Deputies, was clerk at this town meeting. To this adjourned meeting of the Legislature Middletown sent Jon- athan Holmes, called Hulmns in the legislative records, and Edward Tart, as Deputies; Shrewsbury sent Thomas Winterton and John Hans. But these four men refused to take the oath of allegiance and fidelity, or to subscribe to them, except with provisos, and refusing also to sub- mit to the laws already passed, or the government, were dismissed, in the quaint language of the time ; in other words, were refused admission as members of the (ieneral Assembly and the two townships of Middle- town and Shrewsbury were unrepresented. This, then, was the be- ginning of the real legislation in the province of New Jersey and these were the elements of which that first Legislature was composed. New Jersey was always foremost in every movement for liberty and the sturdy independence, the resistance to what the citizen believed to be injustice thus early manifested, afterwards culminated in the War of the Revolution and in the Independence of the colonies. 15 114 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. CHAPTER VI. CONTENTS. Importance of First Legislature; Characteristics of Deputies; Names and Sketches of the Governor's Council: Nicholas Verlet, Daniel Pierce, Robert Bond, Samuel Edsall. Robert Vauquellin and William Pardon; Sketch of James Bollen, Secretary of Council; Laws Passed by the First Legislature; Number and Character of; Thir- teen Crimes Punishable with Death; Discontent of Colonists; Governor Carteret Becomes Unpopular; His Characteristics; Character of the Thirty Immigrants who came with Carteret; Carteret Claimed the Right to Make them " Freemen;" Griev- ance of Middletown and Shrewsbury; The Inhabitants of the Two Towns Attack the Legality of the Election of Deputies; Second Session of the Legislature; Names of Deputies; Continued in Session Four Days; Message from Deputies to Governor and Council; Answer to the Message; Quarrel between Governor and Colonists about Quit Rent; Discussion of Propriety of Objections to Payment; Newark's Action; Carteret's Behavior and Action; Colonists Elect a Legislature, which Ap- points James Carteret Governor; Philip Carteret goes to England; Settlements on East Bank of Delaware ; Peter Jegon and Fabrus Outout, Delegates from "Delaware River;" Legislature did not Convene for Seven Years; Members of Legislature in 1675; Philip Carteret goes to England; Legislature of 1675 Passed Thirty-seven Acts; Thirty-seventh Act ; Places of Meeting from 1675 to 1681 ; Oaths of " Fedility" and Allegiance; First Thanksgiving Day; Re-enacting Laws Passed; West New Jersey Proprietors Offer Terms to Immigrants; Concessions and Agreements; Quak- ers in New Jersey; Governmental Authority to Proprietors of West Jersey ; Com- missioners and their Powers; No Oath Required from Officers or Witnesses ; Indians Protected ; Mixed Juries ; Election of Legislators ; Penalty for Bribery ; Liberty of Speech ; Power of Legislature ; Equal Taxation ; Religious Tolerance ; First Legis- lature of West Jersey ; Edward Billinge ; Fundamentals ; Thomas Ollive ; No Pun- ishment for Capital Offences; No Specific Penalties for Certain Offences; Only one Specific Penalty; No Courts Created; Trial by Jury of Twelve Men; Commissioners to Sit with Jury; In Criminal Cases, Person Injured could Remit Punishment; Crimes Committed during former Government Remitted ; Additions to Statutes ; Land made Liable for Debts; Attachments; Security Required before Arrest in Civil Cases ; Conveyances of Estates of Married Women ; Quotations from Statutes in Both Provinces; Record of Deeds and Other Documents; Comparison of Laws of Both Provinces; Act for "Establishing" Schoolmasters in East Jersey. The first State Legislature of New Jersey was an important body in more senses than one. It took the initiative in all legislation in the province; the deputies who composed the popular branch represented CHARACTERISTICS OF DEPUTIES. 115 the sentiments of the first settlers and responded to their demands. Those deputies came direct from the people. They were plain, honest men who thought and acted independently, but conscientiously; who regarded integrity, the fear of God and hatred of sin as cardinal vir- tues without which no man was sure of Heaven. They probably lacked culture and education as those acquirements are now estimated and were not fitted to shine at earthly courts or adorn kings' palaces, but, if they lacked the graces of fashionable life, they had none of its vices and were equipped with an intensity of purpose, with virtuous desires and with a stubborn intention to do exactly what was right ac- cording to the strictest rules of the purest morality. They had suf- fered much and endured hardships to secure freedom, and they knew its worth; they appreciated its cost to them and its value to others and they were determined, having once .secured it, never to relinquish it. There seemed to be, and there really was, in that beginning of the his- tory of the commonwealth, little to be done, but, in dead earnest, they set about the accomplishment of their whole duty to themselves and their constituents. Unconsciously those few men who met at Eliza- beth Town, in that month of May, in the year of grace, 1668, were preparing the way for the descendants of the few inhabitants of that sparsely settled province for the creation of the grandest empire the world ever knew. They were wise in their day and generation, but they builded better than they imagined; in their wildest flight of fancy they never could have dreamed of the real future they were moulding and shaping in that little assembly of determined men. It is to be regretted that there was no historian with graphic pen to record the proceedings of those eventful four days ; to give the personnel of the members; to report their speeches, and, having sat by their sides, to tell how they looked, how they acted and talked. It would be instruc- tive thus to learn their various modes of thought, to hear their utter- ances, to study their opinions and to consider their methods of argu- ment. Doubtless, they were stern logicians, not given to metaphysical subtlety, nor to fine spun, hair-drawn niceties of argument, but, when they spoke, it was to the point. There was no historian of those times, and the only means of inform- ing ourselves at this day, about these law makers, is to examine the laws they enacted and learn from them, if possible, what manner of men they were. They were just four days in session and during that time they passed four different, distinct, independent acts. il6 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. These are the names of the Governor's Council : Captain Nicholas Verlet, Daniel Pierce, Robert Bond, Samuel Edsall, Robert Vauquel- lin and William Pardon. Nicholas Verlet, at one time, \vas prominent in the province of the New Netherlands, having- received from Stuyvesant a grant for Ho- boken, or as it was then called Hobuc. He seems to have been a man of substance and to have made considerable improvement at Ho- boken, where he had settled several years prior to the time when he received this grant from the Dutch Governor. How he came to be living in New Jersey, or what induced Governor Carteret to appoint him one of his Council cannot be ascertained. Daniel Pierce was the founder of Woodbridge. He had received a deed for that locality and had associated several others with himself, as already mentioned. He attended the first meeting of the Legislature as member of the Council, but does not again appear. He seems to have been the leader of emigrants from Newburyport, Massachusetts. Samuel Edsall, Robert Bond and William Pardon were among the settlers of Elizabeth Town, associates of the four men from Jamaica. Samuel Edsall was one of the witnesses to the payment of the consid- eration of the Indian deed. He had settled a tract of land at Bergen Point, of twelve or fifteen hundred acres and of considerable value — six or seven hundred pounds. Robert Bond was prominent in the early history of Elizabeth Town as a magistrate as well as a member of the Governor's Council. He was a "third lot right" man in the division of the land and signed the oath of allegiance. William Pardon was a " second lot right " man; his name does not appear among those who took the oath of allegiance. He was a fa- vorite of the Governor, and, at one time, when some land in the colony had been forfeited by a settler, Carteret granted the property to him. He was an ardent and rather unscrupulous friend of the Governor in his quarrels with the people and was openly charged with the destruc- tion of the minutes of some sessions of the Legislature. Carteret ap- pointed him a member of the court to try several citizens who were charged with riot. Robert Vauquellin, who was also called Sieur de Prairie, and whose two names are found in various records spelled in twenty-two different ways, was a native of Caen, in France, and was said to be of noble descent. He was not naturalized until 1669-70, but took the oath of LAWS PASSED BY THE FIRST LEGISLATURE. 117 allegiance in 1GG5. He was admitted as one of the eighty associates, but had little in common with the Puritans who composed the great majority of the first settlers of Elizabeth Town. In 1678, becoming dissatisfied with the puritanic sentiments of his neighbors, he removed to Woodbridge, where he became the owner of several hundred acres. In 1G81 he was succeeded by John Reid in his office of Surveyor Gen- eral. After 1686, he is not again heard of, but disappears entirely from the records of the colony. James Bollen, of all those who surrounded the Governor, was the most obsequious in his devotion to him. He never failed in doing his master's will, always supporting him in every measure, whether right or wrong. He did not come from England with Governor Carteret, but seems to have joined him at New York, where he had occupied some positions of honor denoting that he was a prominent man there. His entire devotion to the Governor during the troubles with the set- tlers made him obnoxious to the town's people and he exchanged prop- erty with an owner of land at Woodbridge and ceased to reside at Elizabeth Town. He was made a Justice of the Peace by Governor Carteret, besides being Secretary of the Council. The primal care of the Legislature was the establishment and up- holding of the lawful authority of the government; so, the very first act passed provided that if any one should resist the authority estab- lished by the Lords Proprietors, Justices, or any other inferior officers, '■'■either in words or actions," should be liable to such fine or corporal punishment as " t/ie Court shall Judge upon due examination thereof." This law was very comprehensive and was expressed in the simplest terms possible; but it imposed a great responsibility upon courts, which had not yet been established; for, at the time, there was not a single court instituted by legislative authority in the whole province. The next act passed was a very peculiar one and deserves some at- tention. It provided that every male from sixteen years and upwards ^^ should be furnished at their ouni eost and charge ivith good and suffi- cient arms and constantly maintain t,'>e same, viz.: a good serviceable gun, one pound of good powder, four pounds of pistol bullets or twenty- four pistol bullets suited to the gun; a pair of Bandaleers; or a good horn and a stuord and belt." If any person or persons should wilfully neglect and not provide himself according to the act within one month after publication thereof, he should pay one shilling for the first week's neglect and for every week thereafter the sum of two shillings, by way 118 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. of fine, to be levied upon his or their goods or chattels. This was partly for the citizen's personal protection, but mainly for the defence of the whole community. There was a necessity at that time that all the settlers should take measures not only for the protection of them- selves and of their families, but, also, for that of their neighbors. It was needful too that they should be ready, at any time, fully armed and equipped, to repel attack, to drive off an enemy and render efficient and intelligent aid in any emergency. The act told the story of the need for its enactment ; there were w^ary and unscrupulous foes men- acing the life of the young colony, foes who might attack at any time; the men of the province must be ready at a moment's warning to fight for life, for home, for family and for the community. The act im- plied that all men from sixteen upwards, who were thus obliged to provide arms, weapons for protection and offence, must know how to use them. A gun would be of little use in the hands of an ignorant man who could neither load nor fire it. The next act related to crimes; provided protection to the commu- nity from the consequences of the commission of sins affecting the per- sonal safety, the purity and morality of its members. Arson, murder, perjury, crimes against chastity, kidnapping, burglary, theft, witch- craft, seizing a town or fort, striking or cursing father or mother, night walking, drunkenness in any public place, at unreasonable hours, — after nine o'clock at night; — were the crimes for which punishment was provided by these stern moralists. The nature and character of the penalties imposed reveal the sources from whence they drew their in- spiration.' They were all based upon the Mosaic code; many of them were taken bodily from that stern system. A thief of goods, cattle or beasts, must make treble restitution for the first, second or third of- fence, with such increase of punishment as the court might see fit to impose ; but, if the thief were incorrigible, then death followed. If the criminal could not make restitution for first, second or third of- fences, then he should be sold, that satisfaction might be made. The court could also impose such corporal punishment as it deemed proper. If a child above sixteen and of sufficient understanding either struck or cursed father or mother, death was the penalty; but the awful pun- ishment was tempered with mercy to the insulted parent, for the of- fending child could only be punished on the complaint or proof of the parent, "■and not otiiei'ivise." vSodomy with beast was punished by the death of the oft'ender and the animal was slain and burnt. LAWS PASSED BY THE FIRST LEGISLATURE. 119 Thirteen diflferent offences, according to this code, were punishable with death. The mode in which this penalty was to be inflicted was not prescribed, but undoubtedly it was understood to be that used in the mother country. The thirteen offences for the commission of which the penalty of death was imposed were murder; arson, at the discretion of the Court, however; sodomy with beast; the like offence with man; kidnapping; perjury; incorrigible burglary; invading or seizing a town or a fort; highway robbery ; incorrigible thieving; witch- craft ; striking or cursing a parent and rape. It can hardly be imagined that at this early period in the history of the colony and with inhabitants of such character and religious senti- ments, it was necessary to pass such laws for the repression of these abominable crimes. They could not have existed among such a people. The Legislature was providing for the future. Such statutes were found to be necessary for the society which existed in the mother country and were recorded on its statute books, and so, these wise builders incorporated them into their body of laws, not for present re- pression, but to protect the future and to prevent their occurrence. Having thus provided for the purity and morality of their constitu- ents, the Legislature turned its attention to the government of the province. This subject had received no prior legislative action ; nothing could possibly have been done in that direction. It was therefore pro- vided that the General Assembly should meet thereafter annually, on the first Tuesday in November; that the Deputies should be elected in the various towns, yearly, on the first Tuesday in January. To insure the attendance of the members when elected, a fine of forty shillings, quite a large sum in those days, was imposed for willful absence, unless a sufficient excuse could be shown. The expense of the government, amounting to the modest sum of thirty pounds, was assessed upon the five towns proportionately, ac- cording to their respective abilities to pay. The amount so assessed might be paid in produce, the price of which was fixed by statute, then enacted. The subject of marriage was discussed and arranged. No one could marry without the consent of parents, masters, or overseers, and then only after the publication of banns at some public meeting or kirk, in the place where the parties lived, or at some particular house, fourteen days before the marriage. In this part of the act, regulating marriage, no reference was made to the age of the parties. None but approved Min- 120 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. isters or Justices of the Peace could perform the ceremony and then, only in some public place. The Governor might grant a license to such as were " at their own disposing," or to any other, " under the tuition of their parents, masters, overseers, who were present and consenting thereto." That " beastly vice, drunkenness " did not escape the notice of the Legislature. One shilling fine was imposed for the first time any person was found drunk ; two shillings for the second and third time, and for every time thereafter two shillings and six pence. If the drunk-' ard had nothing wherewith to pay his fine, then he should suffer corporal punishment. All unruly persons and disturbers of the peace were to be put into the stocks, until they became sober or during the pleasure of the officer in chief, in the place where the offender was found drunk. Profane swearing was punished by a fine of one shilling, one-half of which was to be paid to the informer and the other half to the country. The very last business done by this first Legislature was to provide this: '^Concerning taking aivay of a mans life; it is enacted by this present General Assembly, that no man's life shall be takoi aiuay, under any Pretense but by virtue of some Law established in this Province^ that it be proved by the mouth of tzvo or three witnesses.'" Then the Deputies sent a message to the Governor and his Council that they deemed it important that certain laws which had been sent to them for their con- currence should be passed, "but by reason of the Week so near spent, and the Resolution of some of our Company to depart and the meeting to surcease for the present, and therefore we shall be necessitated to refer the full consideration of them " (the laws sent to them by the Council) "for the present, until the next Sessions of this Assembly, which is to be the first Tuesday in November next. " This message was assented to by the Governor and his Council and so the Legislature was adjourned until the third of November, 1668. Between that adjournment and the day of the next meeting some events transpired which created trouble in the colony and had an im- portant influence on the Legislature and the province. There had been some mutterings of discontent among the citizens, jealous of their rights and quick to resent any inteference with their privileges, which finally culminated in disorder and almost open rebellion. At first, Governor Carteret made himself quite popular among the colonists. His entrance into the settlement as he landed from his ship, was made in a manner calculated to win the confidence and secure the good will of the settlers. But it was not long before he made himself CHARACTERISTICS OF CARTERET. 121 obnoxious to the people not only of Elizabeth Town, but also, of the adjoining- settlements. There were many causes of discontent, any one of which would, of itself, have been sufficient to create a breach between the Governor and his people. He was quite a young man when he came to New Jersey and had had very little, if any, experience in the art of governing. He came from the court of Charles II, who, like all the Stuarts, had the most exag- gerated notions of the divine right of kings and rulers to govern, and of the unqualified obedience to be required of the ruled. Very little notice is given him by the historians of his time and we are driven to judge of him by his acts. He died in 1682, still quite young. He had married a widow lady from Smith Town, Long Island, who survived him, but he seems to have left no children. In his will, the record of which is still preserved, he made no mention of any heir and disposed of his estate in such a manner as fairly to intimate that he had none. It is almost impossible to form an estimate of his character as a pri- vate citizen, and very little means are afforded by which we can judge of him as Governor. This much, however, is known and cannot be denied; he was arbitrary and dictatorial in much of his public conduct; he estranged the citizens whom he might have conciliated and imposed burdens in a manner which was not at all calculated to win their affec- tions, or to secure their confidence. He seems, however, to have had the power, often possessed, it is too true, by the vicious, of securing and retaining an unselfish devotion from a few immediately surround- ing him. There were those in his province who never swerved from their allegiance to him and who served him with unfaltering trust through all his controversies with the people. He was called upon to rule his province at a most critical time in the history of the young colony; it was in its formative period, when there was no settled law, no binding force of established legislation and when the minds of the colonists were in a ferment. Those who were subject to his rule were not the most pliant and, perhaps, not the most amen- able to good government as it might have been exercised by the young Governor, or to the principles of obedience due from the ruled to the ruler; the colonists were jealous of their rights and watched with sus- picion any encroachment upon their privileges, especially from a ruler so intimately connected with a representative of the hated Stuart fam- ily. To those stern, bigoted Puritans no good could come from any descendant of the beheaded Charles, and they feared and suspected any 16 122 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. relative of Sir George Carteret the gay courtier, who stood so near the wicked and debauched king of England. That Philip Carteret was chargeable with infractions of the "Grants and Concessions," the Mag- na Charta of the colony, is indisputable; that the colonists had good grounds of complaint against him, cannot be denied. Rut it is prob- able that if Carteret had been more conciliatory, less arbitrary, he might have gained and retained the esteem and confidence of the im- migrants. If the people had been disposed to be less suspicious of the Governor, it is equally probable that while they might have chafed and become restive, he would have relaxed his arbitrary conduct and been more in unison with those whom he attempted to rule. As is generally the case, there were faults on both sides; the people were too easily provoked; too jealous of any real, or even fancied invasion of their rights; too prone to seek occasion to criticise their Governor; he too ready to seize any opportunity of wreaking his wrath on his re- bellious and contumacious subjects; too tenacious of his prerogative as the representative of the Lords Proprietors and of th? royal authority, and so the breach widened and the chasm between the two opponents could neither be crossed nor filled. Carteret claimed that as Governor he was entitled to preside either personally, or by proxy, at the town meetings of the citizens. He also arrogated to himself the right to remove the military ofificers elected by the people and put others of his own appointment in their place. He had brought thirty persons with him from Europe, most of whom he himself called "menial servants." They were in no respect con- genial to the inhabitants ; they were alien to them in race, manners, customs and religion; there was no point of similarity between them. Carteret claimed the right to introduce such of them as he chose into the body of the colonists on an equality with the other citizens ; to invest them with a title in fee to home lots apportioned only to associates, in the original allotment of the land and thus make them '•'■ FrcejiienJ" This seemed and was, really, in itself a very small cause of grievance; — simply to sell and convey a few acres of land to a worthy man who had a family to support and had proved himself capable of becoming a good citizen and bearing his .share of the burdens of the colony. Why should any one object? But objections and very strong ones were made to the measure. It was an invasion of the rights of the associates; it was a tyrannical, oppresive infringement of the privileges guarantied to them by the " Grants and Concessions,'' the fundamental organic law of SECOND SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE. ]23 the province, the Magna Charta of the people. By those " Grants and Concessions " it was expressly provided that no one should be introduced into any one of the settlements in New Jersey, as a planter, without the consent of the whole community. These were grounds of serious complaint, which the citizens in this early period in the history of the colony could not and did not overlook. But they were to be followed by grievances of a much graver character and which finally led to an outbreak threatening a disruption of all relations between Governor and people. For the present, however, there was comparative quiet; there were mutterings and discontent plainly expressed, but no actual explosion ; the storm had not yet gathered its forces, although ominous clouds were hanging in the hori- zon ; the settlements were too far from each other, the country too sparsely settled for complete organization, but the people were almost unanimous in their opposition to the Governor and were impatiently awaiting the outcome of events; they were determined to brook no further oppression. The inhabitants of Middletown and vShrewsbury had a grievance peculiarly their own and between the first and second sessions of the Legislature they manifested their uneasiness in a very decided manner as already mentioned. The authorities had refused to publish the acts which had been passed, to recognize their binding force, to permit them to be enforced within the limits of their municipalities, or to pay any money towards the expenses of the government. Their representatives were present at the meeting of the Legislature, it is true, but it was claimed that they were illegally elected and that their acts could not bind their constituents. It was thus early that the battle cry of the Revolution, "No taxation without representation," afterwards so potent, was raised. The second session of the first Legislature also met at Elizabeth Town, pursuant to adjournment, on the third day of November, 1668. The Governor and five members of his Council, the same who appeared at the first session, except Daniel Pierce, were present, with James Bollen as Secretary. The same deputies came from Bergen; John Brackett was superseded by Jacob Mollins, from Elizabeth Town ; Jas- per Crane came from Newark, in the place of Samuel Swaine; Samuel Moore appeared from Woodbridge instead of John Bishop and two new delegates, Peter Jegon and Fabrus (Fabrius?) Outout came from "Delaware River"; four Burgesses appeared from Middletown and 124 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Shrewsbury, but the discontent of the people manifested itself through these men They were Jonathan Hulmns (Holmes?), Edward Tart, Thomas Winterton and John Hans, who all refused to take or subscribe to the oath of allegiance and fidelity unless they could interject certain provisos, which the Legislature would not allow, and not "submitting to the laws and government were dismissed." The second session of the Legislature continued only four days and adjourned on the 7th day of November. The uneasiness and discontent of the people were carried into the legislative chamber, where very little of importance was accomplished; the law makers seem however, to have been busy, as thirteen acts were passed. The importance of educating the militia in military evolutions was recog- nized ; all males from sixteen to sixty were required to meet on train- ing days in each year, ten days apart, at least, " in order to the better providing for the peace and safety of the inhabitants of the province and the more ready accustoming of our soldiers to an expert handling of their arms. " Horses and cattle were to be branded with a distinct- ive mark for each town ; every town was obliged to provide an ordi- nary for the relief and entertainment of strangers. Mr. Ogden, a dep- uty from Elizabeth Town, was authorized "to take cognizance of the Country's charges and rates and to order the disposal of the same. " Pur- chases from the Indians of cattle or horses, dead or alive, or their skins, were forbidden. One of the acts passed at this session has reference to the rebellious attitude of the people of Middletown and Shrewsbury. Luke Watson, not a delegate, and vSamuel Moore, Burgess froni Woodbridge, were directed to go to the recalcitrant towns and demand the money which was assessed upon them at the first sitting as their share of the ex- penses of the government, together with the further sum of forty shil- lings, charged against them by the second session, as their proportion of the sum of twelve pounds for defraying public charges. If they refused to pay, then a distraint was authorized, not only for the amounts claimed as due from them, but for the charges and expenses attending the distress. A law was also passed at this adjourned ses- sion, which, if the defiant state of the people be considered, is very significant of the sense of propriety and of right entertained by the cit- izens. "All fines but what by law are disposed of, shall be for the Publick in all respective Towns in this Provence, after the Publication hereof. Always Provided that the Lords Proprietors Rights are not hereby infringed upon." MESSAGE OP DEPUTIES AND ANSWER. 125 The discontent assumed unexpected form just at the close of this session of the Legislature, on the 6th of November, when the deputies sent a message to the Governor and his council which was very signifi- cant. The message and answer are so expressive of the views of both bodies and so quaint that they are copied. This is the message: "Honored Gentlemen, We finding so many and great Inconveniences by our not setting together, and your apprehension so different to ours, and your Expectations that Things must go according to your opinions, though we see no Reason for, much less warrant from the Concessions wherefore we think it vain to spend much Time of returning answers by writings that are so exceeding dilatory, if not fruitless and endless, and we think our way rather to break up our meeting, seeing the Order of the Concessions cannot be attended imto. " It is fairly deducible from the Grants and Concessions that the dep- uties were correct in their views thus expressed, and that it was the duty of the Governor and his council to sit and act together with the deputies. A careful reading of the clauses of the Concessions must impel a disinterested reader to that conclusion ; the deputies were to join with the Governor and Council in making the laws; the representatives with the Governor and Council were to form the General Assembly; the Governor or his deputy, being present, was to preside; if they re- fuse to be present, then the Assembly "may appoint themselves -a President during the absence of the Governor or his Deputy." The power granted to the General Assembly was for their joint action ; there is nowhere in the Grants the slightest hint that the Assembly could meet in separate bodies or act separately. The practice which obtained at the very outset, of using separate rooms for meeting and of acting apart was, doubtless, gained frohi the two houses of Parliament, in England. This was the answer: "In answer to your last Proposition we desire you to appoint two of your Deputies to consider with us in what Point we Act contrary to the Concessions, it being too late to Night to enter- tain so long a debate, we will be ready To-morrow Morning to give them a hearing, and if reason will satisfy you, we shall be very well pleased that you proceed according to the Lords Proprietors Conces- sions and the Trust imposed upon you, if not you may do what you Please, only we advise you to consider well of your Resolutions before you break up." The curt and ungracious reply does not seem to have conciliated the angry deputies. 126 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OP NEW JERSEY. This correspondence passed between the two bodies on the Gth of No- vember; on the next day the Assembly broke up and no Legislature convened again until the 5th of November, 1G75, seven years, almost to a day, after the adjournment in 1668. But in the meantime the quarrel between the Governor and the peo- ple had reached its height and had culminated in outbreaks and abso- lute riots. In 1670, on the 25th of March, the beginning of the year, according to the computation of time at that period, the quit rents claimed by the Lords Proprietors fell due, by the terms of the grants made to the colonists. Attempts were made to collect this quit rent, which were resisted. The amount was not large — only a half penny an acre — but its demand was all that was necessary to arouse the slum- bering elements of opposition and this action of the authorities fanned the smouldering fire into flames. The resistance to the payment of the quit rent was not entirely unanimous, but nearly so, and on the part of some, it was determined and immediate. Some of those, however, who objected to the demands of the Lords Proprietors could not have been honest in their opposition. They had taken the oath of allegiance to the king, of fidelity to the Proprietors, and had received confirmation from them of their title to land derived from the aborigines or from Governor NichoUs. vSuch persons had no excuse for their refusal to pay. But there were others who had never directly acknowledged the sovereignty of the Proprietors; had never sworn fidelity to them; had never received confirmation of their titles; in fact, had purposely avoided asking or taking any such confirmation and had always insisted that their Indian deeds, or their grants from NichoUs, had invested them with a complete title. They claimed that they had paid full con- sideration to the Sachems for the lands purchased of them and that the Lords Proprietors could have no title paramount to that of the Aborig- ines. For such there may have been some excuse for disobedience of the constituted authorities; but there was really no justification for any resident in the colony, in their refusal to pay. Neither their deeds from the Indian Sachems, nor the grants from Governor NichoUs, gave them any substantial titles to the lands. They were living under the government of the Lords Proprietors, who offered them protection as citizens and they had availed themselves of that protection and en- joyed the privileges of citizenship. For the other rebels there was not the slightest excuse; they suffered self interest to obscure their vision NEWARK'S ACTION CONCERNING QUIT RENTS. 127 and became insensible to the demand of ordinary justice, in their de- sire to escape the payment of honest dues. This question of quit rent affected all the land holders in the colony. The people of Newark met the demand in rather a peculiar manner. A town meetmg- was called on February 3, 1660-70. The regular an- nual meetino, but did not meet on that day. It was then adjourned until the succeeding May and again, until October 15th, of the same year, when it met at Burlington. No record can be found of these adjourn- ments, but there is a reference to them in the opening speech of the Governor made to the Assembly on the 17th of October. This Assembly was not so obsequious to the Governor as it had been ; a strong spirit of opposition had been aroused against him which was decidedly manifested at this session, not so much by what was done as by what was not done. Cornbury, in his opening address particularly recommended the introduction and passage of certain acts, not one of which, however, was passed or even introduced. Among them, of course, was that which provided for the revenue of the Queen for the expenses of the government of the province. Cornbury was interested in this, because from it came his own salary. The Legislature refused to do anything until the status of the, three members who had been re- fused their seats in the first session, was determined. They brought this question at once to the attention of the Governor, waited upon him with (xardiner and his associates and- requested a decision. The Gov- ernor dallied with them — postponed — required to know the reasons which induced the Assembly to declare that they were entirely satisfied that the three gentlemen were qualified to take their seats. These were given, and then, the Governor again postponed his decision, but, finally announced that he was satisfied that the Assembly was correct and permitted the rejected representatives to take the oath. This il- legal action of the Governor, thinly veiled under a pretended objection of two of his council, deprived the Assembly of the benefit of the ad- vice and presence of two of its best members and the constituents of those members, of representation in the popular branch of the Legis- lature, for eleven months. The question as to the qualifications of the rejected members could have been settled in an hour's time, but even CORNBURY'S ADMINISTRATION. 199 after full evidence had been furnished, he took ten days to render his decision. On the 31st of October it was resolved by the Legislature that the house now being full, it should forthwith proceed to the tran- saction of business. A speech was prepared by a committee appointed by the Assembly, in answer to the' address of the Governor. It was very short and plainly showed that the Legislature was determined to submit to no further encroachments upon its privileges. On the od of December it was ordered that the consideration of that part of the Gov- ernor's speech which related to the providing of a fund for defraying the expenses of the government should be referred to a special com- mittee, who should report their opinion to the House, and then, it was directed, that the same committee should prepare a bill for payment of the fees of the representatives for attendance in the (leneral Assembly. On the !»th of December, the Governor prorogued the Legislature until the first day of May, 1700. During the vacation, the discontent became more and. more prontninced ; it pervaded all classes. The j^roprietors f)f both Provinces were aroused and the opposition to the Governor as- sumed a most formidable aspect. The prior Legislature, when it was deprived of the presence of Gar- diner and his associates, with a majority favorable to the Governor, had passed an act directing that ^^2000 should be raised for the ex- penses of the government for two years. The two years were rap- idly passing away and it became necessary that some means should be provided for the future. The Assembly stood firm and refused to ac- cede to Cornbury's demand. The Legislature did not meet on the first of May, the day to which it was prorogued, but it did meet on the 25th of October, 1700, at Amboy. Nothing was done at this session; it ad- journed from day to day until the 1st of December, without accom- plishing anything and then, suddenly discontinued its session, for what reason cannot be ascertained. Nothing appears upon the Journal from that date until the 5th day of April, 1707, when the Third Assembly met at Burlington. At this meeting the o]:)position to the Governor manifested itself in a definite shape. The first day of the meeting was vSaturday, when Samuel Jennings, one of the foremost citizens in the western province — a man of excellent judgment and good ability, was chosen Speaker. There was a significance in this choice; Jennings and Lewis ]\Iorris had been two of the most active opponents of the Gov- ernor and had incurred his decided displeasure. On Monday, the 7th of April, the Governor made his opening address, in which his first 200 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. recommendation was the passage of an act settling a revenue upon the Uueen " as may be sufficient to support ye Dignity & Supply all ye necessary Charges of ye Governor." The amount limited by the ad- dress was ^1500, which, it was stated, the Queen was willing to accept instead of the ^'2000, which had already been granted but only for two years. The (xovernor also made recommendations as to the passage of other acts. In the afternoon of the same day, the Assem- bly resolved itself into a committee of the whole House to consider of the Governor's speech and continued this action for three days, the Chairman of the committee reporting progress from day to day and re- questing leave to sit again. On the afternoon of the 8th of April, a ([uestion arose as to the power of thecommittee to choose its own clerk, objection being made to the Secretary of the ^legislature using his of- ficial position to be present at the debates before the committee. The Secretary, William Anderson, was appointed by the Governor, but the Legislature claimed the right to select another person in his stead, when the House was sitting in a cominittee of the whole. Anderson violently disputed this demand and insisted that, by virtue of his official position, he was entitled to be present when the House was sitting as a committee of the whole. This led to considerable discussion and the matter was finally referred to the Assembly itself, which unanimously decided that the Legislature had the right to ap- point the Secretary for the committee. The Assembly objected io Anderson's presence because they had good reason to believe that he was acting as a spy on their actions, for the Governor. While this contention between the Legislature and their Secretary was in progress, the Governor sent for the Assembly and made them another speech, in which he charged them with irregularity of action and made the special complaint that they had turned out Mr. Ander- son, who was a sworn officer and had elected in his stead a representa- tive who was a member of the Assembly, and recommended them to return to their House and proceed "Calmly upon the Weighty matters before you, like men determined to do their Countrey service." Not- withstanding this advice of the Governor, the Assembly persisted in their action and ordered Anderson to withdraw from the committee, which he refused to do. The subsequent action of the Legislature is thus given in the Journal, in the report made by Lewis Morris when the committee rose: " sd comittee did draw up a paper wch they di- rected him to Report, wch was rec'd & is as follows, viz. Upon De- I ^'^ZTTuzn 7^c'^^~^r-^yx/?v C/L< cC . oy. J/LyC-^t^^..^,^ -^^ er« CORNBURY'S ADMINISTRATION. 201 bate Comittee of ye whole House, by ye Choice of a Clerk for yt comit- tee, Mr. Wm. Anderson, Clerk of ye House Insisted to be present at ye Debates of that Com'ee, to Offer as a reason for his being present, yt he was Sworn to discover Debates yt were dang-rousto ye Governm't, & yt he did not know but ye Comittee, were going to have said Debates, & yrfore to turn him out, upon wch ye Chairman Replied, ' to suppose we were going to have such Debates,' & Mr. Anderson Answered: ' It looks like It.' " The House did not suffer Anderson's conduct to re- main unrebuked and passed a resolution that his refusal to withdraw from a ccjmmittee of the whole House "when he was thereunto Re- c[uired, is a high Contempt, & a great Interruption of ye public Affairs of this Province, on which this House has met." They also resolved that his words spoken in the committee were misdemeanor and a scandalous reflection upon the Members of this House. The Legislature at last brought the subject of the Clerk to the at- tention of the Governor in a decided manner and desired him to ap- point another clerk who was a resident in the province, giving as a reason that it was a great injury to the country that all the records should be carried off into another government. They also charged Anderson with having misbehaved himself and having made scandal- ous reflections on the Assembly and therefore they declared that he would be no longer useful to the-Oueen and the country. To this address, the (Governor returned a reply in which he requested a specification of "the Misbehaviour of ye Clerk & the Scandalous Reflections '" said to be made by him. The result was that a few days afterwards the (jovernor discharged Anderson and appointed Captain John Pinhorn in his place. The Legislature continued from day to day sitting as a committee of the whole and discussing the grievances which- they had suffered b)^ the action of the Governor. The issue of their investigations and dis- cussions was the preparation of a remonstrance in which they stated their complaints against the Governor in a direct and forcible manner. On the 5th of May, the House resolved itself into a ''•grand'' commit- tee, which, after discussing the general subject, rose and reported, through Lewis Morris, a statement of the several grievances of which they complained ; they were thirteen in number, and it was further re- solved that the Legislature would lay these grievances " and the Ar- bitrary and Corrupt Practices of his Excell The lord Cornbury at her 26 202 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Maj'ts Royall feet and pray that her Majesty would ^'ive her poore opprest vSubjects such Reliefe as in her Royall Wisdom and goodness She Shall Judge most fitt." Instant action was taken ; a petition to the Queen was read and ap- proved by the House and the Speaker signed it. A letter to the Right Honorable Robert Harley, one of her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State was also prepared and signed by the Speaker. Not only this, but an ad(;lress to the Governor " Remonstrating some of the Griev- ances of this province pursuant to ye above Resolves" was presented to Cornbury by Samuel Jennings, the Speaker, who was attended by the whole House. This address spoke in no uncertain tones. While prepar- ed with great care and assuming the peculiar tone of deference used in those days by citizens, when addressing persons in authority, it gave full scope to the charges made against the Governor and recapitulated fully what those grievances were. Not only that, but it directly charged Cornbury thus: "It is Notoriously known that Many Considerable Sums of Money have been raysed to procure the dissolution of the first Assembly, to get cleare of the Proprietors Quit rents, and to claim such officers as the Contributors Should approve of, this House has great reason to believe the money so gathered was given to lord Cornbury and to induce him to dissolve the then Assembly, and by his own Authority keep three Members out of the next Assembly, and putting So Many Mean and Mercenary Men into office by which corrupt prac- tice men of the best estates are Severely harassed and her Maj'ts sub- jects in this province So Impoverished that they are not able to give that support to her Majesty's government as is desired or as they AVould otherwise be Encloyned to doe." The delivery of the address which was read by the Speaker, Jennings, to the Governor, was attended with some peculiar circumstances. The Governor assumed a very loud, dictatorial tone and haughty manner — interrupted the reader now and then with exclamations and questions; but, Jennings was equal to the occasion. He paid no attention what- ever to the manner of the Governor, but, when interrupted with a question or exclamation, deliberately, but more emphatically than be- fore, read the sentences over again. The principal matters set uj) in this address were non-attendance of the Governor in New Jersey; that some persons under sentence of death for murder, had not only re- mained unexecuted, having been condemned to die a short time after Cornbury came to the province, but had been allowed to go at large ; I CORNBURY'S ADMINISTRATION. 203 that parties who had been charged with crime, but against whom the Grand Jury had failed to find indictments, had been obliged to pay court fees; that the only office for the probate of wills, in the whole province, was at Burlington ; that the Secretary's office for the eastern division was not kept at Am boy, but that all persons living in that part of the province were obliged to go to Burlington if they had any busi- ness to transact with that office; that the Governor had granted a mo- nopoly for the carriage of goods from Burlington to Amboy; that he had undertaken to establish Court and other fees, which it was claimed could only be done by him in connecti(m with the Council and the Representatives; that he had put the public records of the eastern division in the hands of Peter Sunmons * who did not reside in the province and had not given security for the keeping of records in due order; that he had prohibited the agents of the Proprietors from grant- ing any warrants for the taking up of land in the western division; that he had refused to permit three members of the legislature to take their seats, allowing himself to be swayed by the groundless asser- tions of two of his Council ; that considerable sums of money had been raised to procure the dissolution of the first Assembly, and paid over to Cornbury so as to enable parties who honestly owed them, to rid themselves of the payment of quit-rents; and that he had put many mean and mercenary men into office. To this remonstrance the Governor, on the 1 2th of May, made his answer — long, desultory and rambling; lacking in dignity, wanting in force and inconsequent. In it, he vented his spite against the two men in the legislature who had been prominent in the opposition — Samuel Jennings and Lewis Morris. Mention has already been made of Jennings — a man without reproach and who had served the, province in several positions of honor and trust ; Morris, at this time one of the leading men in the province, became more and more prominent and will necessarily be mentioned hereafter. Both these men had been dismissed for their lack of subservience to the Governor. By this time a new cause of offence to the Assembly had arisen. Peter Fauconnier was the Receiver General for the province. The Legislature, in some manner, became dissatisfied with his action, as such Receiver, and commanded him to appear before them with his ac- counts. He appeared and presented them. The Legi.slature required ' Sonmans. •204 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. that he should verify them by vouchers. This he refused to do, claim- ing- that he was not the oflficer of that body and that he could only comply with its requests when ordered to do so by Cornbury. The Leg-islature instantly sent a committee to the Governor requesting that he should order F'auconnier to present his vouchers. He delayed, but finally said that the Receiver was only accountable to the Lord High Treasurer, who had appointed a deputy to audit such accounts and that if the House were dissatisfied with any of the charges, it could apply to the deputy, who would satisfy them. The breach grew wider and wider. Each party was determined in its antagonism to the other, the Governor refused to yield and the As- sembly unanimously resolved that nothing should be done until its grievances were removed. By this time the proprietors of both prov- inces, who had been thoroughly aroused by the action of Cornbury, took part in the controversy and sent a remonstrance to the authorities in England. The Assembly also sent one, but direct to the Queen, and the result was that in 1708, she, with very great reluctance, removed Cornbury from the office of Governor of New York and New Jersey. This date is incorrectly given by Gordon, who fixes it at 1709. Love- lace met the Council at Bergen December 20, 1708, then published his commission and summoned the fourth Assembly to meet him at Perth Amboy on the 3d of March, 1708, O. vS. Cornbury had become so obnoxious to the colonists in New York that they also had remonstrated to the Queen. After he was released from the prison, where he had been confined at the instance of his creditors, he returned to England, assumed his position as a peer of the realm, and died in 1723. It is a suggestive fact that Lewis Morris, one of his principal antag- onists in the Assembly, had been mentioned for the office of Governor just before Cornbury was appointed, but the affection of the Queen for her relative triumphed over her regard for the interests of her subjects. The administration of Cornbury gave the people of the colony a fair opportunity of comparing the rule of the Proprietors with that of a royal government. Under that of the Proprietors, the Colonists elected the members of the Legislature, which the Governor could not dis- solve, and it is very doubtful whether he could prorogue it. Philip Carteret, during the whole of his governorship, adjourned the Assem- bly only once and that was near the close of his term. During all his controversies with the Legislature, and they were many and continu- PROPRIETARY AND ROYAL RULE. 205 ons, he never dared dissolve it. The Assembly sat as long as it pleased and adjourned when it chose. But under the royal rule, the Legisla- ture might be adjourned or dissolved at a moment's warning, without cause or notice, and in the most abrupt manner. Under the rule of the Proprietors, the widest toleration was guaran- tied to all religions; no one could be molested on account of his faith. Under the new Government, there was a limited toleration only, to all Protestant denominations, Roman Catholics were directly excepted. But every possible opportunity was afforded for the growth of the Church of England. Queen Anne, in her instructions to Cornbury, required him to take especial care that "God Almighty be devoutly and duly served throughout your Government, the book of Common Prayer, as by law established, read each Sunday and holyday and the blessed sacraments administered according to the rules of the Church of England." Other directions from the Queen to her cousin, in these "Instructions," show conclusively that her great desire was that the State Church of Great Britain should be fo.stered and patronized, to the exclusion of all other denominations. It is true that while the Proprietors ruled the province, there were no newspapers in the colony and therefore there could have been no muzzling of the press. The " Grants and Concessions " were silent on the subject, though it is manifest from many of its provisions that no restrictions would have been placed upon the press under any circum- stances. But, under the royal rule, there was no liberty of the press. This is the clause of the "Instructions" referring to that subject: " Forasmuch as great Inconvenience may arise by the Liberty of Print- ing in our Said Province, you are to provide by all Necessarj^ Orders; that no Person keep any Press for printing, nor any Book, Pamphlet or other matters whatsoever be printed without your special Leave or License first obtained." While the Proprietors governed, all freeholders, or their agents, with- out limit as to value or amount of land owned by them, could vote at every election for members of the Legislature and any inhabitant who was a freeholder of any amount of real estate might be elected. But under the royal rule, a citizen, to be an elector must have owned at least a hundred acres of land, or be worth ^'50, and no one was c[uali- fied to serve as Representative unless he were the owner of a thousand acres of land, or were wovth ^500 of real or personal estate. Other comparisons might be made showing the great difference be- 20G THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. tween the two ^governments, but enough has been fjiioted for the pres- ent purpose. The colonists entertained great hopes that their condition would l)e improved with the change in the administration. Lord Lovelace came with an excellent reputation and was an entireh^ different man from liis predecessor. Lord Cornbury had filled all the offices within his patronage with his own favorites and the Assembly was perfectly cor- rect in its charge that these men were mean and despicable. But mat- ters were entirely changed under the rule of Lovelace. He was im- ])artial in his administration of public affairs and in his selection of men to fill the offices. He was of great candor and mild and amiable in disposition and manifested throughout the whole of his short career as Governor an earnest desire to conciliate all classes, to advance the interests of the colony and to serve the Oueen in all possible ways. I lis first meeting with the assembly was in the month of March, 170S, — the close of the 3'ear, according to the method of computing time at that period. Eighteen representatives only were present on the first day, eight from the eastern division and ten from the western; six afterwards appeared. Thomas Gordon was elected Speaker, (^n the 4th of March, the new Governor made his first address, which was very short and seemingly prepared with all caution so as not to excite any jealousy or irritation in the minds of the representatives. He made but two recommendations, one for the passage of a law provid- ing for the expenses of the government, and the other for the putting f)f the militia upon a better footing. The speech was in direct contrast with those made by Cornbury; there was an absence of all arrogance and dictation ; it was conciliatory, and suggestive, merely, and by no means authoritative. The Assembly at once made a short reply to the Governor's address, and on the Tth of March resolved to introduce fifteen bills, the first of which was to provide for the support of the government. The pro- ceedings of the Assembly went on smoothly, its first attention being given to the bill first introduced. The Assembly did not lose sight, however, of its old cpiarrel. The Lieutenant Governor, Ingoldsby, and the Council had addressed a let- ter to the Queen, in which they had spoken harshly of the Assembly. The Legislature requested Lovelace to obtain a copy of this address for its use, which he did; after receiving it, they desired him to appoint a time and place and invite the authors of the letter to appear before LORD LOVELACE, GOVERNOR. 207 him and substantiate their charges. The Governor complied with this request, appointed a time and place, but Ingoldsby and his faction evaded any appearance whatever, and nothing came of the action of the Legislature. The session of the Assembly continued until the 30th of June, when it adjourned until the last day of November, to meet at Burlington. It was at this meeting that the scheme of issuing paper mone}-, in the name of the province, was first introduced. War had been declared in 1702 between England and France and it was still raging with great virulence. France had firmly established herself through her colonies, in the country north of the St. Lawrence and the lakes, now known as Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Her possession of these coimtries had been acknowledged by Great Britain, as early as 1(532. In this way an active and determined foe had Ijecome a near neighbor of New England and was enabled to strike its opponent througli her colonies. Frecjuent incursions had been made by France upon the provinces near her borders. One of them had penetrated as far as the Merrimac River and had destroyed Haverhill, then cpiite a flourishing village. The colonists had applied tthat the line had not been really run, although attempts had been made by persons appointed by agreement for that purpose. The Commissioners selected to establish the bound- ary between New York and New Jersey went no farther in the execu- tion of their duty than to fix the northern partition point and that they GOV. WILLIAM BURNET. 221 settled as being at forty-one degrees, forty minutes north latitude, on the northern branch of the Delaware River, which they found to be the Fishkill Creek, Nothing whatever was done by the Commissioners to settle the division line between East and West Jersey. This was the last Legislature convened by Robert Hunter. He con- tinued Governor, however, until the 13th of July, 1719, on which day he left America promising and expecting to return, but soon after reaching England, he made an arrangement with William Burnet, by which he exchanged his office of Governor of New York and New Jer- sey for that of Comptroller of the Customs, and never returned to the colony. He had conducted his office with great prudence and wisdom, under trying circumstances, and received the approbation of the Leg- islatures of the two provinces which he had governed. William Burnet was the son of the celebrated Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury. He took his first name, William, from William, Prince of Orange, who became his sponsor at his baptism. He received un- common advantages in early life through the supervision of his educa- tion by his father and the more renowned Sir Isaac Newton. These advantages were supplemented by extensive travel and by his inter- course with the talented and learned associates of his father. He was an industrious student, and yet, if he himself is to be believed, his father discovered no more than ordinary talent in him before his twen- tieth year. He delighted in study and in books and was profuse in his expenditure for these, his loved companions. He was unostentatious, frank and social, and had none of the reticence and austerity that often characterize the student, but was easily approached and possessed great affability. Naturally alert and sagacious, his extensive acquaintance rendered him an excellent judge of his fellow men; while his wide ex- perience enabled him to meet the demands of the office of Governor, his acquirements and cultivation fitted him for the society of the wise and learned. He was impecunious, having lost most of his fortune by unwise speculation and some of his methods of obtaining money were questionable. Governor Burnet was fortunate in having had the benefit of an inti- macy with his predecessor. Hunter, who was enabled to give him much information relative to the province and to the men with whom he would become associated. He also assumed his office at a time when the most amicable relations existed between the three branches of the government. But, notwithstanding these aids, he made a serious 222 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. blunder at the very beginning of his term of office, in his address to the Legislature, the same left in session by Hnnter and which Burnet at once convened. Governor Burnet was fond of polemical discussion and of biblical study, and like some others whose tastes led them to the examination of abstruse subjects hidden in prophecy and oriental imagery, pursued investigations into realms where wiser men dared not venture. He wrote extensively on the prophecies in the Bible, and especially that of Daniel and published a volume on the Book of Revelation, adding one more theory to the many that have been formulated on that strange and mystical production. His brother, Gilbert, an English Divine, of some eminence, in the established church, when he first heard of the Governor's design of commenting on St. John's remarka- ble Book, endeavored to dissuade him from the undertaking. But his entreaties were futile; the book was written, printed and a copy for- warded to the clergyman, who, after reading it, was forced to admit it had great merit. Burnet did not confine his attention to the prophetic and mystical, but wrote on astronomical and some other scientific subjects. He was careless of forms and ceremonies, despised cant and disliked anything like an approach to formalism. His frankness of expression, together with these characteristics prompted him to make use of language which shocked the austere Puritan of his day. After he relinquish- ed his office of Governor of New York and New Jersey, having been appointed Governor of Massachusetts with some other provinces in New England, he was met, on his way to Boston, at various points of his progress, by several clergymen and members of the General Court. They were attracted by the reputation which he had acquired of great biblical learning. One of them, with whom he was about to dine, asked him how he preferred to have the blessing invoked over their meal. The dismay of the strict Puritan may be imagined when the prompt reply came: "Standing or sitting, or no way, just as you please." In his early life he was charged with infidelity, but, later on, he undoubtedly became a devout believer in Christianity. The whole tenor of his later life, at least, was that of a man who firmly believed in the truth of the revealed religion of Christ. A portrait of him still preserved in the Senate Chamber at Boston represents a large, burly man with a face indicating that its possessor loved a joke, was fond of the pleasures of the table and had enjoyed life and its blessings. It is BURNET'S ADMINISTRATION. 223 not an intellectual face, but rather that of a bon vivant, of one who cared more about the quantity of his food than its quality; it is the face of a man of native goodness of heart who delighted to please others provided no great demand was made upon him. Governor Burnet was fortunate in meeting with his predecessor in England before he assumed the duties of his office. From the intim.acy then acquired he received much valuable information relative to the province he was to rule and the men with whom he would become associated. He had great advantage in another direction ; he became Governor at a time when the most amicable relations existed between the three branches of the government. But, notwithstanding these aids, he made a serious blunder at the very beginning of his term of office. He convened, at a very critical period, the same Legislature which Hunter left in session. The colony was incumbered with a heavy debt, there was no circulating medium of a metallic or other character, except such as might be supplied by the paper currency of New York and other Colonies. The colonists were put to great incon- venience in the payment of taxes, when wheat, which was allowed by law to be used for that purpose, could not be obtained ; broken plate and different kinds of jewelry being then employed. The paper money issued by other colonies was not made a legal tender by statute in New Jersey, either for taxes or for debts. Great embarrassment was the consequence of all this and traders and their customers were alike in- volved in great difficulties in their^commercial transactions. The pop- ulation of the whole province was about 30,000. There had been no exact census of the inhabitants, but this seems to be the nearest approach that can be made to the real number of the people. It was at such a crisis as this in the history of the colony when Burnet reached New Jersey. Hunter had always succeeded in securing whatever the needs of the government required. He assumed a conciliatory method in his speeches, never demanding but always submitting the necessities of the case in a plain straightforward manner, and addressing himself to the good judgment of the representatives. The Legislature soon learned that he was entirely truthful in his statements and that he only asked for what was really needed. Burnet, however, in his first speech to the Legislature, assumed a different tone which seemed to irritate the members and their answer was brief and cold. There was no harmony between him and the House and this manifested itself in several directions. 224 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. A question was raised whether the action of Burnet in calling to- gether the same Legislature convened by Hunter, was legal. In fact, it was directly charged by some of the members of the Assembly that it was contrary to law. This challenging of the Governor's policy, the general coldness of the Legislature and its evident disinclination to agree with him induced Burnet to prorogue the Assembly until April 21, 1731. The antagonism seemed to increase and a new Assembly was called together. The precise day of the meeting of the Legislature thus convened is not known, but it was early in the same year. There was a better feeling towards the Governor, on the part of the new House, and matters were conducted much more smoothly. This Legislature was the only one summoned by Burnet and it con- tinued until th^ close of his term of office, in 1727. It had only two Speakers, Dr. John Johnstone, of Amboy and William Trent, of Bur- lington. Dr. Johnstone came from Scotland, in 1685. He was a phy- sician and highly esteemed for his skill and greatly beloved for his benevolence. He was a member of the Assembly for thirteen years, and, at first, established himself in his profession in New York, but afterwards removed to Amboy, at what precise time, it cannot be de- termined, but certainly before 1707. He was a man of great promi- nence in the province and took a very active part in public affairs. He had a large plantation in Monmouth County, but undoubtedly had his legal residence in Amboy, from which locality he was elected as a rep- resentative to the Assembl}^ and was twice chosen Speaker, and died in Amboy, in 1732, in his 71st year. A Philadelphia newspaper noticed his death and speaks of the "inexpressible loss to the poor, who were always his particular care." William Trent, afterwards Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, was a large land owner at Trenton, the present Capital of the State, to which he gave his name. This Legislature does not seem to have been very busily employed, l)ut it passed some very important acts. King George's title to the English crown was violently contested by a large number of his subjects in Great Britain, especially by those holding the tenets of the Roman Catholic Church. The Pretender, as he was called by the adherents of the Hanoverian, was giving the English government an immense amount of trouble by his attempts on the throne. Fears were entertained that the rebellion, incited by the adherents of the Stuarts, might extend to the EngHsh provinces in America. So, in 1723, the Legislature of the province passed an act ABRAHAM V. VAN FLEET. ACCESSION OF GEORGE I. 225 for secLirinj^ his " Majesty's government in New Jersey." The statute was very stringent in its provisions and made sweeping demands upon the colonists to maintain their loyalty to the reigning sovereign. It provided that two or more justices of the peace or certain persons to be approved by the Governor, for the purpose, might summon any sus- l^ected person before them, women and minors under eighteen excepted, and obb'ge them to take and subscribe four oaths, the forms of which were prescribed in the act. By the first, the affiant avowed his allegi- ance to his Majesty, King George. By the second, he swore that from his heart he did "abhor, detest and abjure, as Impious and Heretical, that Damnable Doctrine and Position " that any prince who was ex- communicated or "Deprived" by the authority of the See of Rome, might be deposed, or murdered by his subjects, or by any other persons. By the third, the affiant declared, in the most solemn manner possible, that King George was lawful or rightful King of Great Britain, that the Pre- tender, by whatever title he might be called, had no right or title, to the cnjwn ; he reiterated his allegiance to the present King and that he would maintain and defend the act of succession limiting the crown to the issue of the Electress Sophia, being Protestant. By the last, he de- clared that he did believe "that in the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper there is not any transubstantiation of the elements of Bread and Wine into the Body and Blood of Christ, at or before the Consecration there- of, by any Person whatsoever " He also declared that any Invocation or Adoration of the Virgin Mary or any other Saint and the Sacrifices of the mass as " they are now used in the Church of Rome are super- stitious and idolatrous." The strongest terms possible were used in these oaths and declarations to prevent those taking them from any glossing of words or putting any construction upon them than such as was used by "■English Protestants.^' If an)' person so summoned, should refuse to appear, or, if appear- ing, should refuse to take the oaths, then, the justices or other officers were directed to report his name to the next "Supream " Court held in the Division where he resided, and if he refused to appear then, or if he appeared, refused to take the oath, he should be adjudged to be a " Popish Recusant Convict " liable to all the punishments imposed by the laws of England. This Legislature first introduced the system of pleading payment and giving notice of any set otT. The Defendant in any suit, in any court in the province, when sued, having a claim against the Plaintiff, might 29 226 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. plead payment and oive notice ot set off. If, on the trial, the court or the iury determined that the Defendant by his set off had paid the I*laintirt"'s claim, judgment must be given for Defendant, with costs; if any part of Plaintift"'s claim were paid by set off, the amount was de- ducted from the Plaintiff''s debt and judgment given for the balance; if the Defendant's claim more than balanced the Plaintiff's demand, the Defendant recovered a judgment. If the Defendant neglected to file his set off, he was debarred from bringing any subsequent suit. But the most important action of this Legislature was the passage of a statute on the 24th day of September, 1723, for the support of the gov- ernment and for the issuingof ^40,000 of paper currency. This might have resulted more disastrously, but it proved of immense benefit. The two adjacent colonies of New York and Pennsylvania, for some time previous, had issued paper money to meet the wants of their re- spective business communities. The experiment had been successful and the colonists of New Jersey were clamorous for the adoption of the .same plan in their province. The statute was entitled: "An Act for an Additional Support of this Government, and making Current Forty thousand Pounds in Bills of Credit for that and other Purposes therein mentioned." The preamble to this act recited that many petitions and applications had been made to " the Governor of this Province by the Freeholders, Merchants and Inhabitants of the same setting forth that the Silver and Gold formerly Current in this Province, is almost entirely exported to Great Britain and elsewhere, and thereby the many Hard- ships which His Majesty's good Subjects, within this Colony, be under, for want of a Currency of Money, and that both the Neighboring- Provinces of New York and Pennsylvania, to which the Exportation of this Province is chiefly carried, have their Currency of Money in Paper Bills, and do pay for the Produce of this Province in no other Specie. And which Bills of Credit of the Neighboring Province being no legal Tender here, do expose the inhabitants of this Province to Numerous Vexatious Suits for want of Bills of Credit in this Province, by law made and declared a Legal Tender, as is done in the Neighboring- Provinces." .... "And that though they had enough of the Bills of Credit of the Neighboring Provinces, yet to pay the small Taxes for Support of this Government they have been obliged to cut down and pay in their Plate, Ear Rings and other Jewels; and that many Law Suits and Differences have arisen, and do daily arise amongst them, which would be the Ruin of a great Number of the said Inhabitants 1 ISSUE OF PAPER CURRENCY. 227 if some Method be not found out for their Relief. " . . . "And being well informed of the Relief which the Neighboring Provinces have found, in the like Case, by a Paper Currency, and hoping the like effects from it here, and finding no other way to Remedy the Griev- ances aforesaid of his Majesty's good Subjects here. " The statute enacted that Bills of Credit to the value of ^40,000 cur- rent money of America, or 110,666 ounces and 13 penny weights and 8 grains of plate should be printed within three months after the pub- lication of the act. The bills were to be issued in different denomina- tions of ^:3, ^1,15 shillings, l'^ shillings, 6 shillings, 3 shillings, 1 shilling and 6 pence and 1 shilling. ;^3,0()0 in value of these bills were to be delivered to the Treasurer of East Jersey and ^1,000 to the Treas- urer of West Jersey and the balance to Commissioners appointed for the different counties in certain proportions established by the act. These Commissioners were required to give security for the faithful performance of their duties. When the bills were thus passed into the hands oi the Conmiissioners they were to loan them out to applicants upon security, "by a mortgage on lands, lots, houses, or other valuable improvements lying hi the same County." Before the Commissioners should close the loan they were required to visit the land offered for security, to examine the titles thereto and satisfy themselves that the land was entirely clear of all incumbrances. The money was to be loaned only upon property worth double the amount advanced, which was to be repaid in twelve years with interest at 5 per cent per annum. Yearly payments were to be made for the first ten years at the rate of £S, ten shillings and £7, ten shillings the last two years. Every possible precaution was taken to secure the pay- ment of the money loaned with the interest. If the interest were not paid promptly, foreclosure proceedings were required to be instituted; but, while providing for the payment of the money loaned in this man- ner, the Legislature was careful to give the borrower full opportunity to secure himself against exigencies like ill health, or death, or other accident preventing him from paying. The bills of credit were made legal tender for the payment of taxes and of other debts. vSevere pen- alties were imposed if any person should refuse to receive the bills in payment of debts due or for goods sold. This was the first act passed at this session of the Legislature and was prepared with great care. The rights of all parties whose inter- ests were involved were properly protected. 228 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. The first act having- a direct reference to the subject of elections was passed at the session of the Legislature, in 1725. The qualifica- tions of representatives and of electors had been settled by prior statutes passed as early as 1709. Writs had been issued by the Royal Governors for the election of representatives to the vSheriffs of the dif- ferent counties, after such divisions of the province had been created. Prior to that time, the elections were held pursuant to proclamations made by officers deputed to perform that service, in different localities. But, by this act of 1725, positive directions were given as to the man- ner of holding elections and making returns. The title of the act is quite significant: " An Act for the better regulation of Elections, and laying a Penalty on all Officers and other Persons whatsoever that shall by indirect Practices endeavor to obtain any Election contrary to the right, and Liberties and Privileges of the People, and the true in- tent and meaning of this Act." Its main provisions were these: The writ for the election of representatives was directed to the Sheriffs of the respective counties who were required to give twenty days' notice of the time and place of the meeting of voters by hand bills posted in three of the most public places in the county, city or town. The Sher- iff seems to have been the presiding officer at the polls, but a clerk and an inspector, nominated by each candidate, were appointed by him. The clerks were sworn to "take the poll fairly and indifferently by setting down the names of the electors and the places of their abode and the person they give their votes for." If the right of a voter were challenged an oath was administered, that he had been a resident of the county, city or town for one year, that the estate qualifying him to vote was his own proper estate, not conveyed to him in Trust, nor on condition that he should vote for any person. Quakers, instead of taking an oath, might affirm. If the Sheriff should be guilty of any violation of the law, he was to be fined ;^300. Bribery and corruption, in any form, directly or indirectly, were strictly forbidden, under severe penalties. The last clause of this act would serve an excellent purpose, if incorporated in modern legislation, and, if strictly en- forced, would greatly purify elections and prevent the recurrence of many crimes. " If any Person or Persons whatsoever, shall by assertion or false Report of any of the Candidates, either in Words or Message or Writ- ing, or in any other manner, endeavor to frighten, or by indirect means perswade any Elector to give, or diswade any Elector from giv- GOV. JOHN MONTGOMERIE. 22U ing^ his vote for the choice of any Person to be a Member of the Gen- eral Assembly of this Province " should forfeitable A most singular act was introduced into this Legislature, but not passed. It deserves only slight notice, as it was not often that the House attempted legislation on such subjects as were intended to be reached by this statute. The Governor was much interested in dis- cussions relating to religious dogmas and it is probable that the act was prepared by him. The title of this remarkable law was this: "An act against denying the Divinity of our Saviour Jesus Christ, the Doctrine of the blessed Trinity, the truth of the Holy Scriptures and spreading Atheistical books." In 1727 Burnet was removed and appointed Governor of Massachu- setts, but he left New Jersey with very great reluctance. A marriage into a wealthy and highly respectable Dutch family had introduced him into a large circle of the very best people in New York and this added to his desire to retain his relations with the two provinces. The people of the two colonies had learned to know him better and to ap- preciate his very excellent qualities and the attrition which, at first, marked his relations with the Legislature, gave way to a very cordial understanding, common to both. He was succeeded by Col, John Montgomerie, a vScotchman, who had been a member of Parliament and an officer in the family of the King. These positions had brought him in contact with royalty and iiad secured the preferment for him. He took possession of the gov- ernment in 1728. He had been a soldier earlier in life, but was averse from exertion and inclined to take as little responsibility as possible; in temperament, he was kind and gracious, and easily accessible. His term of office was short, being terminated by his death in 1731. The long session of the Legislature convened by Burnet created an uneasiness in the minds of the colonists and an act was therefore intro- duced and passed which rec[uired that an Assembly should convene at least once in every three years and that the representatives should be elected triennially. This act however was rejected by the King in Council November 25, 1731. A great injustice had been practiced in the criminal courts which had been the subject of controversy between the Assembly and some of the prior Governors. A Defendant, if indicted for an offence and acquitted, was obliged to pay costs. vSuitors in the courts were re- lieved from this grievance by the provisions of a statute which enacted 230 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. that thereafter all accused persons who were not convicted should go free without the imposition of any fees. An act was passed July 8, 1730, entitled "An act for securing the Freedom of Assemblies," the provisions of which were significant and were plainly intended to prevent an abuse which had crept into the official conditions of the province. The statute was drawn with great - shrewdness and with the evident idea that it would meet with opposi- tion from certain persons. The Preamble claimed that it might con- duce to the welfare of the province if the members of the House of Representatives should act with Freedom "disregarding Self-interest or any private Views of their own, when put in Competition with the publick Good," and that the acceptance of any office of profit might influence their acts in legislative capacity, "but more especially since the Parliament of Great Britain have deemed it necessary on the like occasions: Therefore we, the House of Representatives of the Province of New Jersey, being desirous to follow so good an Example, do pray that it may be Enacted." The act provided that if any mem- ber of the Assembly, while he should continue such member, accepted an office of profit either from the king or governor, his election should be declared void and a writ for a new election should issue. It w^as further directed that any person who, by the laws of Great Britain, was declared to be disabled from sitting in the House of Commons, should also be disabled from sitting or voting in the House of Representatives in New Jersey, and that if any such disabled person should be returned a member of the Assembly, his election should be void to all intents and purposes whatsoever and if any such disabled person should sit or vote in the House of Representatives, he should pa}^ a fine of ;^50. On the same day that this act was passed, another was enacted, entitled "An ACT imposing a Duty on Persons convicted o^ heinous Crimes and to prevent poor and impotent Persons being imported into this Province of New Jersey; and for Amendment of the same relative to Servants." The preamble admits a fact already referred to about the selling of immigrants to pay their passage money. The act provides that all masters of vessels landing or bringing any persons convicted of certain crimes into the province should pay a duty of -£h on each immigrant before landing such convict and enter into bond with at least one good surety in the sum of ;^50 conditioned for his good behavior, for one year. Any convicted person or poor or impotent servant or passenger found within the province twelve months after being landed, might be LEGISLATIVE ACTS. 231 arrested by a Collector and carried before a magistrate and be exam- ined. The examination was exceedingly strict and searching, its forms and subjects being prescribed by the statute. If found, on such ex- amination, to be within the purview of the act, then, the duty of £6 was imposed on the immigrant himself, and he was obliged to give the bond for good behavior required from Masters of vessels. On the same day that the last two acts were passed, a third one was enacted, referring to lotteries and for regulating " Pedlers. " The fol- lowing is the Preamble to the statute: " WHEREAS the frequent use and practice of vending Goods and Merchandizes let in this Province by way of Lottery and Raffling, is very prejudicial to the fair and honest Traders in the same, and hath given Opportunity to ill minded Persons to cheat and defraud divers of the honest inhabitants thereof; which Persons, in order to put off their unsalal^le, and sometimes almost useless Wares and Merchandizes and for the Desire of unlawful Gain, have not only imposed on the said Inhabitants in the Quality of the Wares and Merchandizes, but also by setting extravagant Prices, on the same, to the great Impover- ishment of this Province. Any Person vending or disposing or offer- ing to vend or dispose of any goods by way of Lottery, Raffling, Bal- loting, Voluntary Subscriptions, or by any other method, whatsoever, that shall depend upon or be determined by Lot or Chance, shall for feit and pay double the \'alue of such Goods." All peddlers were required to obtain a recommendation of the Justices of the Peace of the County where they dwelt, certifying their opinion of the honesty of the applicant, then, to obtain a license from the Gov- ernor, first giving bonds to the Clerk of the Court of Sessions, with one surety, at least, in any sum "according to the discretion of the said Justices in their Quarter Sessions, not exceeding ^50 nor under ^20 " conditioned that the peddler should be of good behavior and should pay all taxes and duties. A certificate was given to the travelling merchant which he was obliged to carry with him. Any person not being qual- ified as aforesaid should forfeit the sum of jQ\6, if travelling with a horse; if on foot, ;^10 and if a refusal should be made to produce the certificate, then, a forfeiture of 40 shillings. , The act was not to ex- tend to persons selling or exposing for sale any goods at the public market or fair, within the province, nor to hinder persons from trans- porting from town to town, or from house to house, any goods which were the growth, product or manufacture of New Jersey or of the neighboring province. 232 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. At the death of Montg-omerie, the duties of Governor devolved upon Lewis Morris, then President of the Council, until August 1732, when William Cosby arrived in the province, duly commissioned, as Governor of New York and New Jersey. Little is known of Governor Cosby; he was a civilian — had the title of Esquire appended to his name, which, in those times, denoted that its bearer wac entitled to more than ordinary credit. He must have been a man of some action as he and the Legislature of New York were constantly at war; but there was very little attrition between him and the Assembly of New Jersey, although they did not always agree. A few acts were passed by the House during his time, some of which gave evidence that the popular branch of the Legislature was restive under the condition of affairs. An attempt was made to revive a statute passed by the House in 1728, but rejected by the King in 1731, which prcn'ided for more frequent meetings of the Legislature, for triennial elections and alternate sessions at Burlington and Amboy. The statute embodying these provisions was passed by the Assembly, agreed to by the Governor and Council, and again rejected by the King, and no reasons were given for their rejection. The Assembly presented a representation to Cosby on the appoint- ment of members of the Council. In this they stated that, in their opinion, the members of that body should be gentlemen of " credit, estate and abilities " and contantly resident with their families in New Jersey. Cosby was somewhat offended at this and showed his resent- ment, replying that no Governor would recommend any gentleman as as member of the Council who was not worthy of the position. With this exception and a complaint from Cosby that a sufficient provision had not been made for his support, the relations between him and the Assembly were amicable. Cosby died in 1736 and the government devolved upon John Ander- son the President of the Council. He, however, only remained in office for the short space of tw^o weeks, then died and was succeeded by John Hamilton, son of Andrew Hamilton, formerly a governor under the Lords Proprietors, whose right to hold the office, it will be remembered, was questioned because he was not born in England. John Hamilton held the position for two years, when in 1738 Lewis Morris was ap- pointed Governor of New Jersey only. Prior to Cosby's time, as early certainly as 1728, the question of an independent government for New Jensey had been discussed. A peti- \X^<^^ ^ N ^ N>v^v Si^^PrTVOTr ^^Ttr-^-f'SVLi 7--^ ; GOV, LEWIS MORRIS. 233 tion had been presented to the King by the Legislature of New Jersey asking for a severance from New York. A'ery serious complaints were made in this petition : That the Governor with his family resided in New York and that he only came to New Jersey at intervals; that his interests were all in the larger province; that he did not appoint officers from New Jersey, but selected them from citizens of New York ; that the same ])ersons filled offices in both provinces, but as New Jersey was deemed only a sort of dependency of New York, the smaller province was overlooked; that the officers holding these duplicate positions were derelict in the performance of their duties and thus occasioned very great delays and vexatious hindrances to executive and judicial busi- ness. The King, therefore, was requested when he appointed a new (jovcrnor, to select one who should serve in New Jersey alone, indepen- dent of New Y(»rk. There was truth in these statements; olarino- in- justice had often been done l)y neglect and delay on the part of those holding jjositions in Ijoth lirovir.ces. But for several years the King disregarded the prayer of his sul)jects in America, although the Lords of Trade favored the measure and so reported to the Privy Council. Tlie people were so much aroused that the (irand Jury presented a similar ])etition which received as little attention as that sent by the people. Lewis Morris was one of the most noted characters in the Colonial history of New Jersey. He was, at one time, ap]X)inted second judge of the Supreme Court; but no record can Ijc found that he ever took his seat on the bench. It is believed tliat he never did, for very soon after his appointment, he was made Chief Justice of New York and re- moved to that colony. He was a restless man, of great ability and always assumed the popular side in the quarrels between Lord Corn- bury and his antagonists in New Jersey. He was a member of the Council which was appointed by Oueen Anne for her cousin, when he became Governor. But Cornbury could not consent that so refractory a spirit should be a member of the board which had, in a measure, con- trol over his movements. So, Morris was expelled, and Roger Mom- pesson appointed in his place. In the subsequent quarrels between the Royal Governor and the Assembly, Morris took a very prominent part. He was the author of the remonstrance sent to Queen Anne against Cornbury, and it can well be imagined that the expelled mem- ber of the Council did not spare the Governor. After his expulsion, he was returned a member of the Assembly and had ample opportunity 30 234 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. for revenging himself. The indictment against Cornbury which he presented to the Queen was a document of tremendous power, did not spare the Governor, nor did it fail to expose his meanness and his en- tire unfitness for the position of Governor. When an infant, Lewis Morris had the misfortune to lose both of his parents, and was adopted by an uncle, who was unable to curb his wild spirit. He left home in early years, strayed away to Virginia, and led a sort of vagabond life; but, tiring of this, he returned to his home and soon afterward became a Judge of the Court of Common Right under the Proprietors. After his appointment as Chief Justice of New York, he remained many years in that province and then returned, when quite advanced in life, to New Jersey. At seventy years of age, he again became prominent in public affairs, though not greatly to his credit. He was made Governor; but his life during his term of office was more than inconsistent with that of his earlier days, when he em- braced most enthusiastically the cause of the people; now, he became as strong an advocate of the rights of the Governor, insisted most ve- hemently upon all its prerogatives and quarreled constantly with the Assembly. He was the grandfather of Lewis Morris, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence and of that other most distinguished American, Governeur Morris, who contributed so much toward creating in European capitals a profound respect for the citizens of the new Republic. He was not always as mindful of his own pecuniary interest as pru- dence would seem to dictate. Being, however, the possessor of ample means, derived from his uncle, he did not need to acquire more wealth. This uncle, who bore the same name, owned extensive iron works at what was then called Tintern Manor, but now known as Tinton Falls, in Shrewsbury township, Monmouth County. There were large quan- tities of iron ore known as "bog" ore found in the marshes and wet meadows in the vicinity of the manor, which yielded under the methods used in its reduction in those days, about forty per cent, of metallic iron. The land where this ore was found was first located by James Grover, one of the original Monmouth patentees. Grover sent to New England for millwrights, miners and mechanics, skilled in the erection and use of furnaces and other appliances for the reduction of iron ore. He associated a number of others with him in his enterprise and a furnace and other works were erected. But, very soon afterwards he and his GOV. LEWIS MORRIS. 235 associates sold the property to Lewis Morris, who is described as being of the Island of Barbadoes. The deed was dated October 25, 1675, and conveyed 3540 acres of land. The trade which sprang up in consequence of the location of these works at Tinton Falls was of great benefit to East Jersey. Strange to say, quantities of the manufactured iron were exported to Pennsylvania, some of it went to Massachusetts and some to England. The usual price of a ton of this iron ore, in this country, was six dollars and fifty cents, and in England manufactured iron sold for ^18 sterling. In 1080, a large number of white workmen and seventy negi'oes were employed at these works. The attention of the public authorities was directed to this particular branch of industry and it was deemed of so much importance to the colony, that, in response to a petition presented by Col. Morris, the Legislature, on the Gth of April, 1676, by vote resolved "as touching Colonel Morris' request, the Deputies are willing the lands and works belonging properly to the Iron Works shall or may be rate-free for seven years, excepting in extraordinary cases, as war or the like." These were the first mining operations in New Jersey; they were successfully followed by C(j1. Morris for several years, and he was ena- bled through them to add greatly to the material resources of the County of Monmouth, directly and to the whole province, indirectly. Large numbers of workmen were employed and additions of a most excellent character made U) the population of the colony by the immi- gration of skilled mechanics. Lewis Morris, the elder, settled, lived and died at what is now called Morrisania, at "his plantation over against Harlem." He died in 1691, sixteen years after his purchase of the iron works, which he devised to the Governor. There were three persons with the name of Lewis Morris connected with the colonial history of New Jerse)^ who must not be confounded. One was Lewis Morris, the uncle of the Governor; another of the same name was also a nephew of the elder Morris; he lived in Monmouth and was connected with the public affairs of that County, holding several offices, such as Judge of the County Courts, Sheriff and Com- missioner of Highways. He was sometimes called Lewis Morris of Passage Point, and sometimes, Lewis Morris, jr. ; the third was the Governor. In 1714, Morris, afterwards Governor, petitioned the Lords of Trade, who had charge of colonial affairs, to encourage the iron interests of 236 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HIRTORY OF NEW JERSEY. New Jersey. This is the last mention of the Tinton Falls iron works, and that, it will be perceived, is merel}^ incidental. But it is quite cer- tain that prior to this date the works had ceased to be of any profit to the owner. Oldmixon, in 1708, referred to them, in this manner: " Between this town, (Shrewsbury) and Middletown is an iron works, but we do not understand it has been of any great benefit to the Pro- prietors. " Morris was a man of letters and took a deep interest in the promo- tion of learning in the province and delighted in the conversation and society of men of learning and ability. His literary capacity is mani- fested in the papers which emanated from him during the administra- tion of Cornbury. Through these and his active antagonism to the Queen's cousin, he acquired the intense dislike of that nobleman, who, in his answer to the remonstrances of the»Assembly, already referred to, charged that Morris and Samuel Jennings were the moving causes of all the difficulties between himself and the people. Although careless in the management of his personal affairs, while he was acting as the friend of the people, he was alert and zealous in his attempts to serve the antagonists of Cornbury, and when he was made Governor no man who had filled that office was more industrious than he in the discharge of what he considered the duties of the posi- tion. There was, however, a great drawback to his industry, for how- ever zealous he might be in his attention to public business, his doubts and discussions had the effect of delay in important matters which needed dispatch. This delay was, in some instances, not alone due to his propensity to debate, for, if his opponents had had the patience to permit him to exhaust himself, without reply, they could doubtless have succeeded in carrying their points. If met by obstinate debate in relation to any measure about which discussion could be properly entertained, he hesitated, doubted, debated, returned to the discussion, kept the Legislature in suspense and only yielded when absolute ne- cessity required. This dilatory action led to frequent angry discus- sion which served to increase his natural obstinacy and occasioned the most absurd and unnecessary delays of several months at a time. This course of conduct added to apparent wilful contempt of the rights of the people, an overvveaning fondness for self-assertion and a dogged maintenance of his power as Governor, drove the people from him. His last will was most peculiar, covering several pages of manu- script. In it he gave a short autobiography, referred to an attempt GOV. LEWIS MORRIS. 237 made to defraud him by an alleg-ed pretended Will claimed to have been executed by his uncle, in favor of that uncle's wife, and which he asserted was contrary to an agreement previously made between his father and his uncle, the testator, and related facts and circumstances not usually inserted in wills. He g^ave directions as to the kind of coffin in which he desired to be buried ; f(jrbade any rin<^s or scarfs to be given out at the funeral, or that any one should be paid for preaching- a funeral sermon over him. He gave the reason for this command in this quaint language: "For T shall die in a good old age and when the divine providence calls me hence, I die when I should die, and no relation of mine ought to mourn because I do so; but may perhaps mourn to pay the shop keeper for his goods, should they comply with (what I think) the common folly of such an expense." He directed that a vault of stone should be built near Morrisania, "where my good uncle lies buried " and that the remains of his relatives there interred should be gathered, put into coffins and placed within the vault, and then, he adds: " My executors may get a tombstone for me if they think fit." But, notwithstanding his faults. Governor Morris did much for the colony, was patriotic in his motives and really desirous of promoting the very best interests of the colonists. In his tlomestic relations he was admirable; being an indulgent l)arent, a kind husband and a good neighbor. He had a large family, all of whom became prosperously settled before the death of their father. An anecdote is related of him which shows the estimate jjlaced by some of his opponents upon his wife. Joseph Cooper was a representative in the Assembly from Gloucester, a position which he held for nineteen years. He was a man of superior ability, great firm- ness of character and unswerving integrity. He had opposed the Governor but never when Morris was right. During one of the ver}^ tedious sessions of the Assembly, occasioned, perhaps, by some willful- ness on the part of both the Governor and Legislature, Morris acci- dentally met Cooper in the street, and said to him: "Cooper, I wish you would go home and send your wife." " I will," replied the Dep uty, "if the Governor will do the same by his." The appointment of Morris met with the hearty approval of the great majority of the colonists. They remembered his active, en- thusiastic efforts in their behalf during their controversy with Cornbury, and fully expected that he would continue to be their friend. They 238 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. were not onlv grateful to him for his past action, in their former vicis- situdes, but they gave him especial thanks for the part he had taken in securing the severance of New Jersey from New York. They had chafed for many long years under the bond which had united the two provinces and now, relief had come at last, and they regarded him as their political savior from that evil. They were therefore prepared to meet him with open arms and generous hearts. The gratitude of the colony was soon manifested in a direction which should have been pleasing to the new Governor. In 1739, the year after he became Governor, Morris County was set off from Hunterdon and the people, in remembrance of what they owed him, named the new County and its County Seat after him. A change in the legislative functions was one result of the separation of the two provinces. Prior to that event, the Legislature, when con- vened, was composed of three branches: The Governor, the Council and the Assembly; the Council and the Assembly met apart, the one being presided over by the Chief Magistrate of the colony, the other by a Speaker chosen from among its own members. The style used in the enacting clause of all laws was: " Z-V it enacted by the Governor, Council and General Assembly.'' This style was still preserved, but the Governor withdrew from the Council. Before this, he presided over that body, took part in its discussions; but, now, its presiding officer was a President elected like the Speaker, from its own mem- bers. It is true that the change was only one of form, the Governor still retaining the right of approving or rejecting all laws. But the Council was relieved from the presence of the Governor, was now free to discuss and could be more independent in its action. It removed the Governor from what might be and frequently were heated discussions, in which he must necessarily take part. By his removal from these scenes, he gained much in dignity, securing freedom from consider- able criticism and from the labor of attending and presiding at the meetings. It was under such circumstances that Lewis Morris began his admin- istration No man in the whole colonial history of New Jersey assumed the reins of government with fairer prospect of success or with the people more ready to accede to any just demands he might make on their generosity or their patriotism. He convened the Legislature to meet on the 27th of October, 1738. His speech was long, somewhat desultory, not equal to his abilities, self laudatory; he was evidently GOV. LEWIS MORRIS. 230 desirous of impressing upon the minds of the members the debt of gratitude they owed him for past services and for what he might accom- plish in the future. The Assembly met Morris with a most ilattering manner, acknowledged the indebtedness of the colony to him, congratu- lated themselves that their Sovereign had blessed them with a Chief Magistrate whose wisdom, manifested in times of peril in the past, gave promise of his ability to carry them safely through any vicissitude in the future. They guarantied him their cheerful support and made pledges of a generous appropriation for the expenses of the govern ment. In fulfillment of those pledges, they proceeded to settle his salary, which they fixed at ;^1000 per annum, for three years. They also allowed him ^60 for house rent and gave him ^^500 to compensate him for his services in procuring the separation from New York. With this evidence of the good faith of the Legislature and its inten- tion to do its part toward promoting harmony between the Governor and the people, it would seem that he should have been equally desir- ous of maintaining the same harmonious relations and of aiding the As- sembly in any attempt it should make towards preserving the rights of the people and of the colony. But, most unhappily for all parties, Morris saw fit to precipitate a state of affairs which ended in a total withdrawal by the Assembly of its confidence in him, and finally, re- sulted in a disruption of all amicable relations. The Legislature very naturally assumed that the time had now ar- rived when it could secure the adoption of certain measures for which they had been contending for years. A Bill was introduced to secure regularity in the elections and sessions of the General Assembly. Twice before, this act had been passed by the Assembly and had re- ceived the concurrence of both Governor and Council. It was the act which provided for more frequent elections and sessions of the Legis- lature. Other acts were also introduced, regulating the practice of the law and for recording Deeds in the several Counties. The Governor was also requested to establish a table of fees so that they might be regulated by law. These acts were passed by both the Assembly and Council but the Governor refused his assent. His reply to the applica- tion for the settling of fees was rather ungracious. He said he would consult with his Council and do what was reasonable therein. The salary he received was double that allowed to any former Gov- ernor, yet he went to the extremity of forbidding the treasurer to pay the Deputies their wages although they were legally entitled thereto. 240 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. The Assembly became conscious, at last, that the pronoimced friend of the people in Cornbury's time, was not disposed to act as such in the time of Lewis Morris. It remonstrated with him on the impropriety of his conduct; he set up his right, as a component part of the Legislature, to oppose his veto to their votes and insisted in a very peremptory manner on his gubernatorial privileges. He harassed the General Assembly by frequent adjournments, by constant discussions, by his opinionated views and discourses on the theory of government, and, at last, dissolved the Legislature. An instance of his method of treat- ing the House occurred on a memorable occasion, when harshness of manner was certainly uncalled for. War had been declared between Great Britain and Spain. The colonies of North America were called upon to render assistance to the mother country. New Jersey promptly responded, passed at once a bill for raising clothing and victualling her quota of troops. Some of the minutiae of the act were unsatisfactory to Governor Morris and he delayed approval of the whole statute, without particularizing the parts of which he disapproved. The business of the session was accomplished and it only remained for the Governor to approve or veto this particular bill. The Assembly applied to Morris, in a respectful manner, and asked him to finish the business and permit them to return to their homes. His harsh and unfeeling- reply was in these words: "When I see fit." He kept the members in this suspense, with nothing to do, naturally anxious to return to their families, for six days and then, approved the measure. Finally, he dissolved the Legislature on the loth of March, 173U, but before doing so, he addressed them reviewing their action, especially with regard to the bill providing for the support of the government. His speech was harsh, imperious and calculated to arouse feelings of great indignation in the minds of his hearers. All this created the greatest discontent in the Deputies and Council, in which the people soon shared, and Lewis Morris, from having been the most popular man in the province, became the most hated of the royal Governors, except Cornbury. The next session of the Legislature was held on the 10th day of April, 1740, when Gov. Morris, as usual, addressed the Assembly, His speech was exceedingly inconsiderate and calculated to still more exas- perate the Deputies who were always at fever heat in their opposition to him. They met this address with great spirit, upheld the conduct of the prior Legislature and reflected rather strongly on the conduct of '"'^^^I-non Phal.-(ha^' GOV. LEWIS MORRIS. 241 the Governor, who, in his speech had hinted that the former Legisla- ture had withheld action on certain acts which he was desirous of hav- ing passed, in the expectation that he might be coerced into a certain line of thought and policy. The Deputies, in their reply, met this as covertly as the hint had been made. There could be no misunder- standing, however, as they proceeded at once to pass the same laws which Morris had rejected. They went farther, and instead of asking him to regulate the fees, they enacted a statute by which they them- selves established them. They also passed another law by which it was provided that ncj suit should be brought in the Supreme Court for a sum less than j^l^). Morris was opposed to this measure and also to that regulating fees and the Legislature knew it. Besides he was well aware that both these measures, if passed, would relieve the peo- ple from hardships; yet, he was of the opinion that it was good policy to extend rather than lessen the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and to preserve to attorneys and others the right to collect fees as they were then fixed, so as to secure their influence. Another motive doubtless governed him; his son was chief justice of the Supreme Court, whose emoluments depended upon fees, and therefore he still refused his assent. One of the laws passed by this Legislature related to the election of Deputies to the Legislature and to their more frequent sessions. By the two acts which had been passed triennial elections had been or- dered, but by the new aX:t, septennial elections were provided. Morris disapproved tlie act with the ungracious remark : " I do not take it to be a right you are entitled to, but a favor which a suitable conduct in you can only induce his Majesty to grant or me to recommend to his Royal consideration." The breach between the Governor and the Legislature finally became so wide that it was impossible to close it. He continued his arbitrary conduct with more and more violence. The Legislature, at last, as- sumed the offensive and refused to pass any act providing for the pay- ment of the Governor's salary until certain laws which they deemed important and necessary to relieve the people from injustice should re- ceive the Governor's approval ; one of these laws provided for the issu- ing of bills of credit, another related to the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, and the third referred to the regulation of certain fees. Morris would consent to neither. Bills of credit were a necessity to the business community, which had 31 242 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. no currency for circulation and required these bills in the ordinary transactions of trade. The fees of the various Courts and officers were arbitrarily arranged ; the Governor and Council had established them in the past, but they had been afterwards changed, though not lessened, by the Court and by usage. The payment of unnecessary costs caused great injustice and the Governor and Council were now requested to aid in relieving the people, but Morris refused. Three Legislatures, sitting from Octo- ber, 1743 to April, 1745, had been dissolved after distinctly declaring that they would not pass any law providing for the expenses of the government, unless these three bills were concurrent. The Legislatures after 1744 pursued the same course, refusing to appropriate any money for the expenses of the government, until the bills were passed which they deemed so necessary. And there was no restoration of harmony between the Governor and the Legislature until just before his death. A partial compromise between the contending parties was then proposed, which, perhaps, might have been carried into effect had not the death of Mr. Morris occurred about that time. He died on the 21st of May, 1746, after an illness of about two years. Although Morris had been so persistent in his opposition to certain acts, yet, there was considerable legislation during his administration and of an important character. On the 15th of March, 1738-9, an act entitled "An Act for regulating Taverns and Ordinaries, Inn Keepers and Retailers of strong Liquors " was passed ; the preamble to which was as follows : "WHEREAS the true and original Design of Taverns, Inns and Ordinaries, was for the accommodation of Strangers, Travellers and other Persons for the Benefit of Mens Meeting together for the Dis- patch of Business and for the entertaining and refreshing of mankind in a reasonable manner and not for the Encouragement of Gaming, Tippling, Drunkenness and other Vices so much of late practised at such Places, to the great Scandal of Religion, the Dishonor of God and the impoverishing the Commonwealth; and WHEREAS the present prescribed Methods of granting Licenses for the Purposes aforesaid are insuflficient to obtain the benefits hoped for; THEREFORE, to pre- vent as much as may be such Misfortunes and inconveniences for the future all persons retailing Liquors of every kind " were required to be licensed under penalty of 40 shillings for the first offense; for the second offense, ^5. The license was granted by the Quarter Sessions, LEGISLATION UNDER MORRIS. 243 in open meeting, on the recommendation in writing- "of the Free- holders and neighbors to sucli person craving license and the applicant must enter into recognizance to the king with two sufficient sureties — freeholders — in ;^20. " The condition of the Recognizance was this: That the applicant " shall not himself game nor suffer any Person to Game in his House for Money or the Value of Money but shall, during the said Time in all things respecting him as a Public House keeper or Inn keeper use and mamtain good Order and Rule and find and provide good and sufficient entertainment for men and provision for Horses." If the Justices should grant a license contrary to the true intent and meaning of the act each of them should forfeit the sum of ;^10; 6 shillings were to be paid for the license; 3 shillings and 6 pence to the Clerk. No Under Sheriff or Jail keeper was permitted to have a license and if those officers should sell any liquors or suffer them to be sold in the jail, a forfeiture of 20 shillings w^as imposed. The Clerk was required to give a list of the licenses to the Constables of the County, who were commanded to make "diligent Search and inquire in all the different parts of the City, Township, Count}', District or Precinct for which he or they are chosen for and of all such persons as shall presume to sell and retail strong liquors contrary to the true In- tent and Meaning of this Act." And if any were found violating the act, the Constables were directed to proceed against him. The Con- stables of the County were required four times every year to visit the Taverns and other places where liquor was sold and if any " enormities " were discovered, they were required to report the same to the Justices at their Sessions, The licenses were to continue for one year and any renewal was to be in open court upon the same terms and conditions as were provided for the original granting. If the keepers of places where liquor was sold were to entertain, entice, harbor or keep any Apprentice, white Servant, Indian, Mulatto or Negro, he should forfeit for the first offense the sum of 20 shillings and for the second offense 40 shillings and for every subsequent offense, j£b. The law provided for the establishment of prices by the court of Quarter Sessions for liquors, or food, or provender, sold to the traveller. If the tavern keeper permitted persons to misspend their time and substance at the taverns or should supply them with liquor " simple or mixed, more than is absolutely necessary for his or her refreshment, " upon conviction, he should pay for the first offense 20 shillings, for the second 40 shil- lings and for every one thereafter, ^5. No tavern keeper should credit 244 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. a customer above 10 shillint^s; if they did, they lost their money and were debarred from sueing- or recovering it, nor could they take a bill or bond or any security for any liquors sold by them or drank at their inns amounting to above 10 shillings. If the tavern keeper took any bill or other security for liquors sold and drank at their houses contrary to the act under pretence of selling victuals, pipes, tobacco, or any other thing with the intent of evading the act, they were rendered in- capable of recovering any amount of the security. Assessors were re quired to assess each tavern keeper yearly a sum not less than 40 shil- lings nor more than £'S, for the support of the poor. On March 15, 1738, an act was passed entitled, "An Act to restrain extravagant and excessive interest, "of which this was the preamble: "WHEREAS the great and excessive interest now commonly taken in this Province is found to be a very great Discouragement to the Trade, and an Obstruction to the Settlement of the same, and beyond the interest taken in any of the other Colonies." The rate of interest was fixed at seven per cent, and any security which required a larger amount was declared void, both principal and interest being forfeited. Provision was made to prevent any fraud by way of incorporating in the security the amount of a sale of goods. The act was very full in this respect Scrivener's fees for brokage and writing were at the rate of 2 shillings and 6 pence for ^^100 and a proportion of it for a greater or less sum. One shilling fee was given for making or renewing a bond or the bill for the loan. /^5 penalty was imposed for the breach of this part of the law. On November 4, 1741, an Act was passed authorizing the Supreme Court to appoint Commissioners to take special bail and to administer oaths and affirmation. On December 2, 1743, this act was passed: "An Act to encourage the direct Importation of Rum from the British Plantations in the West Indies and of such Wines as may be imported from the Places of their Growth, Product and Manufacture into the Eastern Province of New Jersey." The preamble to which was as follows: "WFIEREAS the direct Importation of Rum from the British Plantations in the West Indies and such Wines as may lawfully be im- ported into this Colony, from the Places of their Product and Manu- facture, would not only very much contribute towards the increase of the Trade of this Colony, but would also be a means of supporting the Credit of the Currency Thereof, and be a further means of increasing the Inhabitants of the same." LEGISLATION UNDER MORRIS. 245 Duties were levied upon rum or other distilled liquors not directly imported from the British West India Islands at the rate of one shilling per gallon, upon all wines, ^4 per pipe, and so, in proportion of a larger or smaller quantity and these duties were to be paid before the landing of the goods. If the liquors were smuggled, they were all for- feited and were liable to be seized by any person by virtue of a warrant from any Justice of the Peace and any magistrate was required, upon request, to issue the warrant. All persons assisting in smuggling were required to pay double the value of the goods, " to be estimated and computed according to the market price that each respective commod- ity bears at the place where any such seizure shall be made." A penalty of ^5 was imposed upon any one who should interfere with Custom House Officers or any persons in the discharge of their duty under the Act. On the "^nd of December, 1743, a law with this title was passed: "An Act subjecting Real Estate in the province of New Jersey to the Pay- ment of Debts and directing the Sheriff in his Proceedings thereon. " This act declared that all Real Estate of every kind should be liable to and chargeable with just debts whether due to the king or to any of his subjects, and "are hereby made chattels for the satisfaction thereof in like Manner as Personal Estates within this Province are seized, and sold or dispo.sed of, for the satisfaction of debts." The Sheriff was authorized by a writ of Fieri Facias first to seize the personal estate of the Defendant; if not sufficient, then he was to sell the Real Estate to satisfy the whole of the residue of the debt. The sale was to be adver- tised two months in the city, town or precinct where the land was situ- ate and in three or more public places in the County. The sale was to be made between 12 m. and ") v. m. The Defendant was permitted to choose what part should be sold first. After the sale, the Sheriff was directed to make a deed to the purchaser, who, by virtue thereof should hold as good an estate in the premises sold as the Defendant had at the time of sale. The first execution, if there were mure than one judgment by virtue of which the levy was made, had the prior lien. The following is a clause of the act which is partly quoted, " That if any Judgment by Virtue of which such sale shall be made as afore- said, .... shall happen to be reversed for error, yet the same Reversal shall not be given in Evidence or be enforced against any bona fide Purchaser, but the Purchaser, his Heirs, Executors, Admin- '24(5 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. istrators or Assigns shall hold lands or other Thing- so bona fide pur- chased notwithstanding- a Reversal of the Judgment after his Pur- chase, and such Reversal shall only operate ag-ainst the Plaintiff, his Heirs, Executors and Administrators, to compel him or them to restore the value to the Defendant for what he lost." There was other fegislation of an important character during the ad- ministration of Lewis Morris which will only be noticed by a mere ref- erence to the titles of the acts — Authorizing attachments against ab- sconding debtors; providing for the recovery of legacies and for affirm- ing acts of administrators bona fide done before notice of the will; for the settlement of the poor; for the proper method of acknowledging deeds and "declaring how an estate or right of a Feme Covert may be conveyed or extinguished"; for the "relief of poor, distressed prison- ers for debt; " — this act was passed the 17th day of November, 1743, and extended to persons " being in prison upon the first day of Decem- ber, 1713, or who should be committed afterward, during the space of five years"; to create courts for the trial of small causes; this con- ferred jurisdiction on Justices of the Peace over suits when the debt or demand was under the "real value of Five pounds", except in special cases; for regulating the militia of the province for the "repelling In- vasion and Suppressing Insurrections and Rebellions"; and one to "annex part of the County of Essex to the County of Somerset and to ascertain the Bounds thereof." The salary of Governor Morris for nearly two years before his death, remained unpaid and after that event his widow made application to the Legislature for its payment. But the Assembly rejected the claim. vShe then presented her petition to the Lords of Trade who instructed Gov. Belcher to recommend to the Legislature the payment of Mrs. Morris's claim. But the House still persisted in its refusal and when further urged by Belcher, replied that they had Gov. Morris's own opinion expressed upon a similar claim, to justify them in their action They then referred to the case of Lord Cornbury, in which, Morris, when a member of the House, had decided, under almost precisely the same circumstances, that he could have no just right to payment of any salary. They further added that the claim was "so universally dis- liked in the colony that there is none except those who are immediately concerned in point of interest or particularly influenced by those who are, will say any word in its favor." Morris was succeeded by John Hamilton, who was entitled to the COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY. 247 office by virtue of his being the senior member of the Council. He is sometimes called President, presumably because of his being- the pre- siding officer of that body. At the time he thus succeeded to the posi- tion of Chief Magistrate of New Jersey, he was in exceedingly preca- rious health and only survived his accession to the office for about a year. He had a large experience in the public affairs of the colony, having been a member of the Council continuously from 1713 until the death of Morris. He was, at one time, as has already been stated, Governor of the province, having succeeded Cosby in 1736. He then held the position for about two years, until Morris was appointed, when he returned to the Council. A very important public measure was inaugurated during his admin- istration ; the chartering of the "COLLEGE of NEW JERSEY," or, as it is sometimes called, "NASSAU HALL." The name by which this venerable institution was chartered, was, TJic College of Nczv Jersey. Governor Belcher, who was greatly interested in it, called the original first building NASSAU HALL, in honor of William the Third. A Charter had been previously applied for, but the applica- tion had been denied. The persons who presented the petition were Presbyterians, and it was understood that the Institution was to be dis- tinctively under the rule of that denomination. The college undoubt edly had its origin in the intense desire of the educated people of the province for more and better appliances for training their young peo- ple and especially in preparing ministers for the performance of their duties, but its actual beginning was hastened by an event which hap- pened at Yale College. David Brainerd, afterwards the great Indian missionary, was expelled from that Institution, and the authorities re- fused to reinstate him, although the Rev. Aaron Burr, a distinguished Divine aud the son in law of Jonathan Edwards, with many other equally distinguished gentlemen, interested himself in behalf of the erring youth. This led to a disruption of ecclesiastical relations, but young Brainerd was ordained and the College of New Jersey was founded. Its real place of birth was Elizabeth Town and the cele- brated Jonathan Dickinson became its first President, but almost im- mediately after its formation, Dickinson died, and there was a virtual collapse of the enterprise. The Rev. Aaron Burr, D.D., already men- tioned, was the pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Newark, and like Dickinson and many other clergymen of his time, conducted a classical school in connection with his pastorate. The students, eight 248 THP] JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. in number, were removed from Elizabeth Town to Newark and placed under the charge of Dr. Burr. This was in October, 1747, a few months after the arrival of Jonathan Belcher, who succeeded Ham- ilton. The new Governor took a deep interest in the institution and proposed its resuscitation. The old charter had never been filed; a new one was prepared by Belcher, himself, reg-ranted by him in Sep- tember, 1748, and on the 0th day of November of the same year, at a meeting of the Trustees held at Newark, presided over by Governor Belcher as President, cx-officio; Dr. Burr was elected President. The first commencement took place the same day, when six graduates re- ceived their diplomas and the first honorary degree ever granted by the college was given to Gov. Belcher. Among these six graduates were Richard Stockton, afterwards with John Witherspoon, President of the college, a signer of the Declaration of Independence; the others became clergymen. The college remained at Newark for eight years under the lead of Dr. Burr and was then removed to Princeton, where it has since re- mained. There are only three Colleges in the United vStates older than Princeton; Harvard, William and Mary, and Yale. Hamilton was an Episcopalian, but abroad minded man with no bigotry nor religious prejudice and he readily granted the charter. Objections were at first made,, in certain, directions, as to the legality of his action. But the objections never assumed any practical shape and the College of New Jersey began its wonderful career of usefulness. It has sent forth from its walls, fully equipped for their life work, divines, states- men, jurists, professors, authors, scholars and men to adorn all classes of society. It stands second to no other Institution in the land and has secured the admiring estimate of men of learning all over the world. Hamilton, earlier in his career, had invented a plan for the estab- lishment of a Post Office system in America. A patent was granted him for this, in 1(504, but he never put his plan into practical opera- tion. The government, however, bought his right imder the patent, giving him a suitable compensation. About this time the long drawn out controversy between the inhab- itants of some of the towns in East Jersey with the Lords Proprietors came to a climax. That controversy began as early as 1070 and some reference has already been made to it. The Proprietors claimed from the colonists payment of a quit rent of a halfpenny per acre. This payment was strongly resisted by the plucky colonists. Philip Car- ^r^^-^-r// / t:x7-7iy/ '^uJc CONTROVERSY WITH THE PROPRIETORS. 249 teret, the first proprietary Governor, had made himself peculiarly obnoxious to the people, had been obliged to flee the country, and final- ly to relinquish many of his claims. The proprietors were, at first, puzzled to find a tribunal which could enforce their rights. The courts were few and those that did exist had been created by the people and were entirely under popular influence. The Governor, under the Pro- prietors, undertook to establish courts by his own volition and to officer them with his own creatures, all totally subservient to his will and obedient to his commands. These courts, in some instances, issued warrants, arrested some of those who were claimed to be violators of law, pronounced judgment, attempted to impose fines and to imprison the defendants. The convicted were locked up in jail; the indignant populace broke open the doors of the prisons and released the prison- ers. Riots ensued, outrages were committed, general discontent ob- tained and real and substantial damages were the result. Ejectment suits were instituted, the defendants refused to appear, plead or make any defence, and when the vSheriff attempted to enforce the judgment of the court by writ, the parties in possession of the land defied the officer and retained their hoiises and premises. During the controversy, which lasted two generations and more, books of record, both town and legislative, were missing and grave charges were made that the loss was not accidental, but was caused by actual theft committed by those personally interested in matters the records of which would be positive proof in legal proceedings. Some of these books contained surveys, establishing beyond controversy, certain lines and boundaries. Countercharges were made, the names of the alleged thieves were given, and it was asserted that they were in the pay and interest of the Lords Proprietors. It was not a contest for a few feet or a few acres of land, but, it was claimed, that it afifected the great majority of the titles held by the whole body of the people and it was a fight between all of the colonists on one side and the Proprietors on the other. All classes were drawn into the con- troversy; the ministers preached from their pulpits resistance to op- pression, or obedience to the laws, as their inclination or interest dic- tated. Many of them became litigants in the courts, Plaintiffs or De- fendants, as the case might be. Society was demoralized, law and order were put at defiance, and advantage was taken of the general disturbance by rogues and rascals, to commit crimes, under pretences which would liave received no attention in ordinary times. This con- 32 250 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. dition of atVairs became intolerable and the Proprietors determined to invoke the aid of the Court of Chancery. Such was the origin of the cause, begun by what is known as the celebrated Elizabeth Town Bill in Chancery. This document was the most extraordinary pleading ever filed in any court of justice. It was prepared by James Alexan- der, the father of the Earl of Sterling, of Revolutionary fame, and Joseph Murray was his associate counsel. These gentlemen were both eminent lawyers with long years of experience in their profession. When printed, the Bill occupied seventy-eight double columned pages of folio volume, to which were annexed three maps and several lengthy schedules. Suqh full reference was made to the colonial history of New Jersey prior to its filing, that historians have drawn largely from its pages. In this respect, it is invaluable, as it is in the main, correct in its historical statements. The parties Complainants are the Lords Proprietors of the Eastern Division of New Jersey; the parties Defend- ants are those who held land in East New Jersey adversely to the claim of the Proprietors. The Bill is addressed to "his Excellency, Lewis Morris, Esq., Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Province of New Jersey, and Territories therein depending in America, and Vice Admiral in the same; In Chancery humbly complaining." The Bill was filed the 13th day of April, 1745, but was not answered by any document filed in the Court until 1751. The answer was prepared by Wilham Livingston and Richard Smith, Jr. ,^ two young lawyers who had, in spite of their youth, established reputations for ability. The town meeting of Elizabeth Town had assumed the quarrel for the Defendants and that body was called together Aug. 27, 1751, to hear the answer read ; it was read to the citizens then assembled and placed on the files of the Court a few days afterwards. On its face, this document is the answer of 449 land owners and residents of Eliza- beth Town and vicinity. It was charged that Governor Morris had assumed the office of Chan- cellor without proper authority, and if he had survived, it is probable that an objection to his jurisdiction would have been interjected into the cause. Undoubtedly, if Morris had had any opportunity to hear the case, he would have decided for the Complainants, as his interests 1 A local historian, Rev. Dr. Hatfield, states that this Richard Smith wrote the history of the province and afterwards became Chief Justice of Canada, but this is an error; Samuel Smith, a Merchant of Burlington and Philadelphia, wrote the history of New Jersey and William Smith that of New York. William Smith, at one time, was Chief Justice of New York and after the Revolution became (hiff hwti.r- of Canada THE FRENCH AND ENGLISH WAR. 251 and prejudices were with them. But he did not live long enough to adjudicate on the rights of the parties and the suit was never settled. Jonathan Belcher, who became Governor after Morris's death, was a strict Puritan, had been livingin Massachusetts and fully sympathized with the Defendants in their antagonism to the Proprietors, and it was well understood that his prepossessions were so strong for the people that the Proprietors would have no possible chance for success before him. James Alexander, the leading Counsel for the Complainants, died on the 2d day of April, 1756, and exactly a year afterwards, Joseph Murray, his associate, died. The French War very soon occupied the attention of the Colonists and the troubles with the mother country came in with all their conflicting interests, followed by the War of the Revolution, and nothing more was heard of the famous Elizabeth Town Bill in Chancery. The antagonists of the Lords Proprietors, whether right or wrong, succeeded in sustaining their claims There was a state of affairs existing in North America which affected the colony of New Jersey to such an extent that it ought be noticed. In the .spring of 1744, war had been declared by France against Eng- land. The New England colonies had suffered greatly from covert injuries inflicted by the French residents of Canada. The treaty of Utrecht had not restrained the French from stirring up the Indians to annoy and massacre the English. Massachusetts and her sister prov- inces in New England, stimulated by this past history of the injuries inflcted by their neighbors, entered eagerly into the contest, raised men, donated large sums of money and finally gathered a land and naval force to besiege Louisberg, then considered inpregnable. The French had spent twenty years of time and 30 millions of livres in fortifying this important fortress, the key to the possessions of the French lying- north of New England. The expedition was successful and Louisberg was taken on the 19th of June, 1745. The news of this conquest roused all France and vast exertions were made to subdue the English colonies in North America, especially those on the Atlantic coast. New Jersey was included in the contemplated attack and her government and peo- ple fully awaked to the danger of the situation. A large fleet sailed from France with 3000 troops on board, but it was shattered by a storm and demoralized by many other disasters. A part of the plan was a junction with more ships of the line from the West Indies and an addi- tion of a land force of 2000 Canadians and Indians. Preparations were made by the Legislature and people to aid in repelling this force. 262 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Troops were enlisted, laws passed authorizing the issuance of bills of credit, and stores of victual, clothing- and ammunition provided. For- tunately the two belligerents came to terms and peace was declared, articles being signed at Aix-la-Chapelle, in April, 1748. Common justice, independent of all other considerations, should have induced the mother country to have remembered her colonies in the treaty. They had nobly come to her rescue in her extremity ; they had sent their bravest and best to the siege of Louisberg; hundreds of her staunchest men had perished in battle and an enormous sum of money had been expended in furthering the interests of England. The Brit- ish were properly chargeable with wicked inactivity and had suffered the colonists to assume all the risks of the contest on the Western Con- tinent. The New England people rightly believed that Cape Breton, instead of being surrendered to the French as it was, by the treaty, should have been annexed, as an English province, to its possessions in North America and that the colonists should have been fully reim- bursed for their expenses. But, in the terms of the treaty, the Amer- ican Colonists were entirely ignored. About $900,000 was divided among the four colonies of New England, Massachusetts receiving the largest share and New Hampshire only $10,000, the other colonies get- ting nothing. The people were becoming restive under the selfish in- difference of a country which recognized no duty due from her to her children in another continent, but demanded so much. This selfish- ness, this wicked indifference, was preparing the way for the final dis- ruption between England and her North American subjects and all this was remembered \vhen, a few years afterwards, the colonies declared themselves independent and hostilities began between them and the parent country. Hamilton, w^ho followed Morris, died in the summer of 1747 and John Reading, the next oldest Councillor, took his place. Reading was an old man and reluctantly assumed the duties of the position. He was very soon superseded by Jonathan Belcher, who having been appointed by the king, published his commission some time in August, 1747. John Hamilton invented a scheme for establishing post offices in America, and, about 1694, obtained a patent from the crown for his invention, but he never put his scheme into practical operation, the government having purchased it for a consideration. Jonathan Belcher was born at Cambridge, Mass., in 1G81, and was the son of Andrew Belcher, a merchant and a man of great w^ealth, who GOVERNOR BELCHER. 253 g-ave his son all the opportunities for acquiring an education that the country, at that time, afforded. He graduated with honor from Har- vard College, at an early age and afterwards spent six months abroad, improving himself by travel. While in Europe, the ample fortune of his father and the influence of friends procured admission for him into the very best society. After being presented at court, he returned to his native country and engaged in business. In 1729, he was appointed Governor of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, which position he re- tained for eleven years. While quite a youth, he became a devout Christian, severely, though sincerely, puritanical in his views, and when George Whitfield visited North America, in 1741, he was one of his most ardent supporters. After a short visit to England, in 1747, he returned with his appointment as Governor of New Jersey, and came to New York, landing thereon August the 8th, 1747. Two days after- wards, he published his commission at Amboy, then the seat of gov- ernment of the colony. On the 20th of the same month he met the Legislature at Burlington and became, for a short time, a citizen of that town, living, at first, with a Quaker named Richard Smith, and then, in his own house. He was much pleased with the town and sur- rounding country, with its soil and climate, but his pious soul was sorely tried by the irreverent manner in which the people observed the Sab- bath. There were only two places of religious worship in the town — one Episcopalian, and the other, Quaker. He tried both, but was ex- ceedingly dissatisfied and longed for the old ways and customs of his own church. To obtain these, he frequently drove with his coach and four to Philadelphia, twenty miles distant. But his conscientious scru- ples against this apparent desecration of the Sabbath, led him to aban- don the effort to worship with those who shared his religious views. He removed to Elizabeth Town in 1751 and changed the seat of govern- ment from Amboy to that place. While attending the commencement exercises of the College of New Jersey, at Newark, in September, 1750, he was seized with a stroke of paralysis from which he never entirely recovered, but continued to exercise the functions of Governor until his death, August 31st, 1757. Governor Belcher was remarkable for personal dignity and grace of manner, which he retained to the last. He was a scholar, largely in- terested in educational matters and a firm and fast friend of the College of New Jersey, upon which he bestowed many benefactions. The Rev. Dr. Aaron Burr, who died just twenty days afterwards, preached his 254 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. funeral sermon to a very large congregation in the Presbyterian Church. He eulogized the deceased in the very highest terms, speaking of him as "the scholar, the accomplished gentleman and the true Christian," and referred to his unshaken i-ntegrity and uprightness, his zeal for jus- tice, his proof against all kinds of corruption and bribery, his distin- guished and unaffected piety and his sacred regard for the Lord's day. He was an excellent Governor and died universally regretted. The death of Governor Belcher again promoted John Reading from the Council Chamber to the Gubernatorial chair. He, at first, refused to accept the oflfice, but finally consented and served until the arrival, in June, 1756, of Francis Bernard, w^ith the commission of Governor from the king. Bernard only remained in office for about two years and was then removed to Massachusetts and became the Chief Magis- trate of that colony. He was succeeded by Thomas Boone, who was about a year in office, when he was transferred to South Carolina. Josiah Hardy followed Boone, but his term was still shorter than his predecessor's, as he was soon made Consul at Cadiz, in Spain. Hardy was succeeded by William Franklin, the last royal Governor of New Jersey, who was the son of Benjamin Franklin and had been educated by his father with the greatest care; but, under the influence of the ministry of England, he had become imbued with prejudice against the colonists and finally, when the struggle came, resulting in the indepen- dence of the colonies, he espoused the royalist cause, to his father's intense grief and indignation. In Governor Belcher's time the three acts, mentioned before, which Morris had refused to approve, were passed without any objection whatever. They were these: One obliging Sheriffs to enter into bond with sufficient sureties, conditioned for the faithful performance of their duty; one to prevent actions of ^15 and under being brought in the Supreme Court; and the other fixed the amount of the fees and costs for services performed by all the officers of the Government from Governor down to the criers in the several courts. On November 23, 1723, an ordinance had been published by Gover- nor Burnet, for regulating the fees of all these various offices, but, serious abuses had crept into the practice of the courts, to the very great discontent of the people, and this new law was demanded almost by public outcry. The act did not very materially alter Burnet's ordi- nance, but it virtually annulled it. By its terms its operation was sus- pended until the King's assent should be given thereto, which was done in Council, November 23, 1749. LAWS PASSED UNDER BELCHER. 255 There was a large amount of important legislation during Belcher's administration; among the acts were the following: "An Act to pardon Persons guilty of Insurrections, Riots, Tumults and other Disorders raised and committed in this Province," passed February 17, 1747-8. The act recites " That great Numbers of ill disposed Persons Inhabit- ants of this Province, had committed great and dangerous Insurrec- tions, Riots and Disorders; and, in open Violation of the established Laws of the Land, had frequently and in a most audacious riotous Man ner, assembled themselves together, broke open the Gaols of the several Counties of Essex, Middlesex, Somerset, Hunterdon and Morris, whereby they had rendered themselves obnoxious to grievous Punish- ment, Fines and Penalties," and that some of them "having for them- selves and others conscious of their guilt by their Petitions to the House of Representatives, brought their supplications of the Governor- on their behalf." By the terms of the act, a full and free pardon was granted. "An Act for the better enabling of Creditors to recover their just Debts from Persons who absconded themselves." The present attachment law of New Jersey is almost similar in its provisions to this. An act to prevent lotteries and gambling and "to restrain the abuse of Horseracing within this Colony for the future. " An act for the revival of the act for the relief of poor distressed prisoners for debt. An act to restrain tavernkeepers and others from selling liquor to servants and slaves and to prevent negroes and mulattos from hunting and carrying a gun on the Lord's day. An act to j^revent the exportation of merchantable flour to foreign markets. An act continuing an act to prevent actions of ^15 and under to be brought in the Supreme Court. An act to prevent the exportation of provisions, and naval or warlike stores from New Jersey to Cape Breton or any other dominion settled by the subjects of the French king. An act "more effectually to prevent the French from being supplied with provisions, naval and warlike stores from the colonies of New Jersey." 256 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. At the time of the passage of the last two laws England and France were at war. The following statutes were passed in John Reading's time: Several acts providing for the defense of the frontiers of the colony; the building of barracks; and preventing selling spirituous liquors to the soldiers. These act were all passed during the same war. 'J'/iise laii's were passed in Bernard's time: Further acts providing for the defence of the frontiers during the war with France. An act empowering certain persons to purchase the claims of Indians to land in the colony. An act to raise 1,000 effective volunteers. Tliese laws were passed in Thomas Boone's time: An act to explain and fix in what money taxes should be paid. An act to prevent the sale of tickets in lotteries " erected out of the province; " to enable three public lotteries to extend time for drawing until November, 1761-62-63. These three lotteries were authorized by an act heretofore quoted, empowering certain persons to purchase claims of the Indians to lands in the colony. These laws were passed in JosiaJi Hardy's time: An act effectually to prevent horseracing and gaming in the province of New Jersey. An act to postpone the drawing of the " Province Lottery." An act to empower the trustees of the College of New Jersey to raise by lottery a sum of money for the use of that college. Governor Bernard's influence upon the political situation, or upon any other interest of the colony was hardly perceptible. He had very little opportunity to make himself felt, as his administration lasted a little less than two years. He was an Englishman, of excellent an- cestry, and of good education, having graduated at Oxford College. At the time of his appointment to the office of Governor of New Jersey, he was a proctor and solicitor practicing his profession at London. He arrived at Amboy on the 14th of June, 1758, and on the 16th of the same month, two days afterwards, he proclaimed his commission with appropriate ceremonies. His reception by the people of his prov- ince was much more elaborate than that of any of his predecessors. It may be interesting to give a brief description of his inauguration. On GOVERNOR BERNARD. 257 the day when that event occurred he was escorted by his Council, the Mayor of the town and other civic authorities to the City Hall, where he proclaimed his appointment as Governor and his commission was read aloud in the presence of the people. The principal inhabitants and other persons of distinction were then presented, and these cere- monies were followed in the evening by various demonstrations of the citizens. The Mayor and city authorities waited upon the Governor the next day and made him an address, to which he replied in appro- priate terms and assured them, " that he would embrace every oppor- tunity to show his regard for the city of Perth Amboy. " Bernard had fine literary taste and great attainments, was fond of books and of study, especially of belles lettres. His memory was very retentive and it was one of his boasts that he could repeat all of Shakespeare's plays. These characteristics were fully shown by the patronage he gave to institutions of learning, especially Harvard College, to which when "Harvard Hall" was burnt, he made a hand- some donation of volumes from his own library. When that edifice was rebuilt, his taste and judgment were consulted and it long re- mained an illustration of his idea of architectural beauty. As evi- dence of his acquirements in the dead languages, it is said that on his journey from Elizabeth Town to Burlington, he made a visit to Prince- ton College, where, among other demonstrations in his honor, he was greeted by one of the students with an address in Latin, to which "his Excellency returned an elegant and polite Latin answer, extempore.'' Governor Bernard gave full credence to the revealed truths of Chris- tianity and acknowledged its claims upon his heart and conscience. Although a member of the Church of England and strongly attached to its mode of worship, he never exhibited any prejudice against other denominations but was frequently a devout worshipper at their churches when circumstances prevented his attendance at the services of his own. One important event, occurring during his administration in New Jersey, demonstrates the strength of his resources for government and his adaptability to meet the exigencies of a new and untried position. The Indian tribes in and near New Jersey were in a ferment and it was necessary that measures should be taken to quiet the restless savages. War was still existing between France and England and the alliance of the Indians was eagerly sought by both belligerents. Efforts were made to secure a conference with the aborigines near New Jersey, with- 33 258 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. in the rcacii ui French influence, which were successful mainly through the activity of Bernard and a general conference was held at Easton, Pennsylvania, October 8, 1758, when the claims of the Indians were heard and discussed, attention was given to their complaints and griev- ances and an amicable adjustment of all differences was made. The result of all this was exceedingly advantageous to New Jersey. Ber- nard was prominent throughout the whole transaction and its success was undoubtedly due to his exertions. In this most important affair Bernard manifested great aptitude for business, an alert shrewdness and an apparently intuitive knowledge of Indian character, which, under the circumstances, was w'onderful in one who had had no practical acquaintance derived from actual contact with the savages. The ceremonies accompanying the Council were exceedingly unicpie and interesting. There had been two or three conferences between commissioners appointed by the Legislature and representatives of the Indians, who first presented their claims and grievances at a meeting held in 1752, at Crosswicks. Another conference was held in the win- ter of 1757, at the same place. The Commissioners, on the part of the Legislature, consisted of six gentlemen, two from the Council and four from their own body ; on the part of the Aborigines, thirty appeared representing eight different tribes. Another conference between the commissioners and the Indians was called by a proclamation issued by Governor Bernard, to be held at Burlington, August 7, 1758, at which, besides the Governor, there were present six members of the Council and three Commissioners, but only five Indians, representing as many tribes, attended. At this conference the Governor sitting, spoke as fol- lows: "Brethren, as you are come from a long journey, through a wood full of briars; with this string I anoint your feet, and take away their soreness; with this string, I wipe the sweat from your bodies; with this string, I cleanse your eyes, ears and mouth that you may see, hear and speak clearly; and I particularly anoint your throat that every word you say may have a free passage from your heart ; and with this string I bid you heartily welcome." He then informed them that he would be glad to hear what they had to say; to which they replied that they would be ready in the afternoon, and then they thanked him for greeting them according to the customs of the fathers. In the afternoon the conference was resumed and then, the representative of the Munseys sitting, not being permitted to INDIAN TREATIES. 259 Stand until the Mingoian had spoken, first addressed the Governor. His address was short; he held a belt in his hand and committed his people to no course of conduct, but spoke in a conciliatory manner. Then a man of the Cayugas spoke, standing, for he was a Mingoian, one of the tribes which had conquered the Munseys. His address was longer than the first one; but, at the outset, he took care to inform the Governor that the Munseys were women and could not make treaties for themselves. He proposed a general Council to be held at the forks of the Delaware; and, like the Munsey, committed himself and his people to no particular line of conduct. At the end of his speech he delivered the belt he held in his hand to the Governor. This was of peculiar workmanship ; on one side were the figures of three men in black wampum ; on the other side there were four figures. The three represented three tribes, the Shawanese, Delawares and the Mingoians, and the four, the invited Councils of the Six Nations, which the speaker explained as meaning that the three tribes and the Six Nations were now united. On the next day they reassembled, when the Gov- ernor agreed to the proposition to meet at the forks of the Delaware, and again, at the close of his address, presented the representatives of the tribes with two belts. In pursuance of their negotiations, a grand Council was held at Easton, Octobers, 1T58, at which were present the Governors of Penn- sylvania and New Jersey with members of the Council of the respect- ive legislatures of the two States. Nothing of importance was done until the 11th of the same month, when all the parties came together, four- teen different tribes of Indians being represented, with their women and children, five hundred and seven in all. There seems to have been some little discord at this interview, as the Seneca Chief arranged the belts and strings on the table intending to speak first, but, as soon as the company was in order, the Chief of the Delawares arose and desired that he might speak first. Governor Bernard then interfered and said that he desired to bid his brethren welcome, and he asked that he might speak first, for that purpose. The conferences were pro- longed for several days, speeches were made on both sides, belts and wampum were freely exchanged and, at length, on the 20th of October, 1758, a treaty was concluded to the satisfaction of all parties, some punch and wine were drank and the grand council adjourned. The new Governor called the Assembly together on the 2oth of July, 1758, and on the next day, made his address, which was short, pointed 260 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. and patriotic. It was remarkable for what it did not contain. It must have been very refreshing for the members of the Assembly who had attended sessions prior to this, to listen to a speech from a new Gov- ernor which said not a word about raising money for his salary. This address did not even hint at that subject, but it did strongly and em- phatically call upon the deputies to prepare for what seemed an im- pending attack upon the western frontier of New Jersey by the French and their savage allies, who had been ravaging Pennsylvania, burning, pillaging and destroying hamlets and villages, farm houses and im- provements made by innocent settlers, and to these had added more dastardly outrages, in the murder of women and children. The an- swer to this address was delivered on the 27th of July. Bernard's rule was received with cordial approbation by all classes and universal regret was shown for its early termination. In 1760, he was transferred to Massachusetts and his last address to the Legisla- ture was made in March of that year, when he announced to them his approaching departure, expressed his regret at leaving the Colony and his thanks for their undivided support. The Assembly, in their reply, fully expressed their own sentiments and those of their constituents when they said: "Your Excellency's leaving this Government we esteem*a public loss. Your general conduct will remain gratefully im- pressed on the minds of the people, who will ever consider themselves in a manner interested in your future ease and happiness." There was no such unanimity between him and the authorities of Massachusetts as had characterized his intercourse with those of New Jersey. There were two political parties in Massachusetts; one aimed at curtailing the powers of the crown in the province, which they en- deavored to accomplish by attacking the royal Governor and the officers appointed by him. The other party was loyal to the English throne striving to strengthen its authority, by affording all the sup- port required to sustain the officers in the province acting under authority from England. Bernard, of course, affiliated with the latter and this led to antagonism between him and the opponents of royalty, composing the majority of the people of his new province. His cor- dial and efficient aid was undoubtedly given to all the measures of the English ministry, in their contests with the colonists, and this action was appreciated by the King who made him a Baronet, refusing to re- move him, although urged to do so by a strong petition from the people. But Bernard, himself, relieved the colonists by requesting and GOV. THOMAS BOONE. 261 receiving removal from his position, and left his office and America at as early a moment as possible. Some dog-gerel written in New Jersey in 1759, while he was Gov- ernor, and some published in Massachusetts, after his removal thither, will afford an idea of the different estimates made of him and also give specimens of the poetic ability and taste of the time. The Princeton students sang this in his praise : We sing great George upon the throne, And Amherst, great in arms; While Bernard, in their milder forms, Makes the royal virtues known. Thus sings the New England poet of Bernard : And if such men are by God appointed, The Devil might be the Lord's anointed. His oldest son remained in New England, espoused the colonial cause and died in 1809, in the West Indies. He was an eccentric character and lived for many years a hermit in a rude hut with his dog for his only companion. Governor Bernard left evidence of his ability as an author, in the shape of some Latin and Greek elegies which were printed in 1761, and, after his retirement from America, he wrote a few pamphlets on American subjects. Thomas Boone, the successor of Bernard, came to Amboy from New York, reaching New Jersey, July 3, 1760. He was received with the same formal ceremonies which had greeted his immediate predecessor. Like Bernard, while at Princeton, on his way to Burlington, he was addressed in Latin by a college student. There is no record of his reply. Little is known of this gentleman; his parentage and even the place of his birth cannot be stated with definiteness. It is supposed that he had been a resident of New Jersey prior to his appointment. He met the Assembly for the first time, October 30, 1760. His speech, on that occasion, contained nothing of consequence, but he did not follow the example set by Governor Bernard. The Governor called the attention of the Assembh^ to the fact that the fund raised for the expenses of the government was exhausted. A laudatory reference to the virtues of Governor Bernard was made in this speech, which must have gratified the numerous friends of that gentleman. His term of office was very short ; news were received in New York 262 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. and made public, on the 18th of June, 1761, that Boone had been transferred to South Carolina on the preceding 14th of April and that Josiah Hardy was to be his successor. On the 7th of July, 1761, the Assembly presented their last address in which they expressed their high appreciation of his conduct as Governor, spoke of his administra- tion as "not only unsullied, but publicly kind and benevolent, such an administration as yours demands our grateful acknowledgments." He left for his new government in December, 1761, and entered upon his duties there early in January, 1762, but did not succeed in Carolina and was recalled in May, 1764. He was a man of some humor, as several of his letters still preserved, written to Horatio Gates, afterwards a Major General in the colonial service, will show. He married in South Carolina, and writing afterwards, in 1767, to General Gates, with whom he was in constant correspondence, speaks of his family in this manner: " I hope to have an opportunity of presenting my Yainasee squaic to Mrs. Gates and the papooses when a little more civilized." He made no serious impression on the politics of the colony while in New Jersey, Two of his proclamations still remain ; one, naming the 24th of Octo- ber, 1760, as a day of thanksgiving, and the other forbidding any person to become a schoolmaster, after the year in which the proclamation was issued, without a license from him, granted on the certificate of two magistrates, who are especially directed not to issue such certificates without being fully satisfied of the qualifications of the candidates. Prior to the appointment of Franklin as Governor, there had been a deep seated feeling of uneasiness which extended to all the thirteen colonies. Mutterings of discontent were heard all over the land. Some out-spoken voices protested with no uncertain sound. The uneasiness was fast increasing and rapidly verging into an outbreak of open re- bellion. It did not begin with the Stamp Act, nor with the disregard of the rights of the colonists in being taxed without representation. When the early settlers first came to America, they fled from oppres- sion at home and fondly hoped that in this w^estern world they would be permitted to live unmolested. In their fierce battle for mere exist- ence, their contests with the savage wilderness and with the more savage Indian, they received no aid from the mother country and they asked for none. And when the territory in America, claimed by the English was threatened with invasion, these same colonists stepped manfully to the front, furnished men and money, and unassisted, re- pelled the invader. The English stood aloof; promised aid, but gave aOV. WILLIAM FRANKLIN. 263 none. The well appointed fleets of England were anchored, idle, in the home port, while the ill equipped vessels of the colonists were at- tacking forts and the lives of their bravest and best were sacrificed for an ungrateful monarch. This wicked supineness, this selfish in- difference, of the English king and ministrj^ in neglecting to assist the struggling colonists, fighting for the preservation of British ter- ritory, was never forgotten. Promises unfulfilled, made in the most solemn manner, provoked in the minds of the thinking men of the colonies a doubt of the integrity of the mother countn-. What could be expected from a nation that suffered its own children to brave and dare so much in fighting its battles, without acknowledging their sacrifice or ever fulfilling its solemn promises of aid ? The colonies increased in population and launched out in mercantile and commercial enterprises, which betokened strength and energy, and suggested to the English that this people might become their rival in the near future. The British ministr)^ also awaked to the consciousness that in this flourishing countrj' might certainly be found a source of revenue, and set about devising measures to control the budding enterprises of their subjects in America, so as to divert anv profit derived therefrom into the treasury of the kingdom The coun- try occupied by the colonists had an immense seaboard, great rivers, fertile valleys and boundless timber lands, God and Nature seemed to have created this continent for the development of a mighty nation. With blind fatuity that destroyed the very source of expected wealth, the British Ministry instituted a series of measures which stung and maddened the citizens who breathed the free air of this great country, and finally drove them into rebellion. In establishing the authority of the English Ministry in New Jersev. William Franklin, the son of one of the grandest patriots of those times, became a facile tool. It is difficult to understand wh)-, with such an ancestry, he should so far have fallen short of the high destiny which he might have attained, but it is, perhaps, to be attributed to the medi- ocrity of his character and talents, which made him subservient to those whom he thought would be undoubted \nctors in the contest. When he was appointed, great doubts were expressed in manv quar- ters, of his ability to perform the duties of the position to which he was called. He was made Governor at a very critical period in the history of New Jersey. Although, in prior 5'ears, the colonists in that province had been loyal to the core, yet the time had now come when 264 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. that loyalty was shaken and, in the near future, was to be lost to the English King-. A Governor of ability, of moderation, of firmness and of wisdom, might, perhaps, have achieved a different result. But Franklin did not possess the qualifications necessary to enable him to meet the stirring issues of the time. There is great difficulty in arriving at the time and the place of his birth, nor is it known who was his mother. Very little can be learned of his early youth, although he was received into his father's family when about a year old, and was under his fostering care until he at- tained his majority. In his earlier years he showed quite a fondness for books, but, later, sought a military career, even going so far as to make an attempt, clandestinely, to enter the Naval service in a privateer. Before he was of age he received a commission in the forces raised by Pennsylvania, in the French war. His commission was for a subordinate office, but he soon rose to the rank of Captain. He served for a short time on the frontier and then, returning to Phila- delphia, became an assistant to his father in his scientific experiments and professional work. B'or two years, from 1754 to 1756, he was in the general Post Office, of which the elder Franklin had the manage- ment, as Post Master General, and was also Clerk of the General As- sembly. In June, 1757, his father went to London, having been ap- pointed colonial agent in England, and Franklin went with him. The business, as well as the inclination of the elder Franklin, led him to make frequent iourneys over the continent and through England and Scotland, on which occasions he was accompanied by his son, who thus acquired great social and mental improvement from the society and conversation of men of science and learning whom he was constantly meeting. In 1762 the University of Oxford conferred the degree of LL.D. upon Benjamin Franklin, and that of A. M. upon his son. It was in the same year that through the influence of Lord Bute, without any solicitation whatever from his father, William Franklin was ap- pointed Governor of New Jersey. It is said that Lord Halifax, tlien Minister of American affairs, submitted him to a close examination, this being deemed necessary mainly on account of his having been born in the colony. Franklin was commissioned Governor on the 9th day of September, 1762, and reached New Jersey, February 24, 1763, coming direct from England. He met the Legislature at Amboy for the first time. May 26, 1763, when Robert Ogden from Essex County, who had just been Vv^-' I^iffer 3rss. JVii/a. GOV. WILLIAM FRANKLIN. " 265 elected Speaker, was presented to him, and he was graciously pleased to recognize the appointment. At the same time he made an address to the Legislature, as was always usual with a new Governor. The speech was short, common place and suggested nothing of impor- tance except the statement made by all prior Governors, with one notable exception, that it was desirable to make provision for the ex- penses of the Government, which included, of course, his own salary. He gave general promises of what his action would be, but distinctly avowed that he should at all times govern his course by his duty to his "Gracious Majesty." He was wise in one direction; — he gathered around him, as members of his Coimcil, some of the wisest and best men of the province. Among them were Robert Hunter Morris, Chief Justice and Charles Read, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the province; David Ogden, an eminent lawyer of Essex County, and afterwards also, an Associate Justice of the same court; vSamuel vSmith, the first historian of New Jersey; Peter Kemble, a prominent citizen of Morris County and the Earl of Sterling, a INIajor General in the colonial army during the War of the Revolution. Subsequently, Rich- ard Stockton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, took the place of a decea.sed member, on the recommendation of the Governor Cortlandt Skinner, at one time Attorney General of the Col- ony, later on, also became a Councillor. Abler or more competent men never met together in a legislative body than was the Council during the whole of Franklin's administration. It was generally in accord with the other two branches of the Legislature, never evincing a cap- tious spirit and never disagreeing with either, except in essential mat- ters. The second act of the Assembly, passed after the meeting with Franklin, was friendly and generous to him. It provided for the payment of a salary of ^1200 to the Governor and _;;^G0 besides for his house rent. The first act related to those volunteers, during the French War, who had become disabled by wounds, and made provision for the payment of indemnities to many of them. Franklin and the Assembly, as well as the Council, made frequent interchange of addresses. It was generally the case that some member of the Legislature was a Quaker and objection was frequently made by him to the style of the address; the matter was approved, but complaint was made of the manner. To the people of these mod- ern times, whether Quakers or not, the objection would appear proper, 34 266 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY.' for the speeches were fulsome to the last degree and so continued, even after the trouble between the colonies and Great Britain had broken out into actual rebellion. They always began with this formula : " JfV, /lis Majesh'^s loyal and dutiful subjects'" and the last speech made by the Legislature to the Governor which appears in the record of the Council, begins, as usual, with those words and besides, recognizes Franklin as the royal Governor and calls their address " the humble address of the Representatives of the Colony." But with all this ap- parent subservience all through the addresses within the last five or six years prior to the time the colonists proclaimed their freedom from the mother country, was to be found an unmistakable sentiment of sturdy independence and an undoubted adherence to the cause of lib- erty. In their expression of a determination to seciire freedom from oppression there could be no mistake and it is plainly evident that Franklin so understood it. There was a party in both Council and Legislature, during the whole of Franklin's rule, who were loyalists and who sympathized with him in his adherence to the English crown. This party was not in the majority, but it was by no means insignifi- cant. The Speaker of the Assembly, Cortlandt Skinner, did not hesi- tate, in 1775, when he presented the "■ hu7nble address " of "his Maj- esty's loyal and dutiful subjects," which he had signed as Speaker, to declare that the speech "being different from my sentiments, I think it necessary thus publicly to declare it — a step I should not have taken had I been permitted to enter my dissent on the minutes of the House. " While many causes of complaint existed against the mother country, there were two which came to the front almost immediately after Franklin was made Governor. One was the Navigation Act, the other the Stamp Act. The first did not directly affect New Jersey. There were no ports to receive foreign commerce in that colony ; Perth Amboy had sunk into utter insignificance as a port of entry and the bright hopes its founders had entertained of it's becoming a rival to New York in commercial enterprise, were blasted. New Jersey was obliged to depend almost entirely upon New York and Philadelphia for its foreign trade. But that act did materially affect Boston and New York. All Massachusetts was ablaze, and the other colonies sympathized with her and spoke out in loud protest against the oppression perpetrated by the officers of the crown in attempting to enforce its provisions. Applica- tion was made to the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, for a process, called a "writ of assistance," to be issued enabling the officers of the THE STAMP ACT. 267 crown to search for what were alleg-ed to be smuggled goods. The Court refused to issue the writ without argument. James Otis, who afterwards was a jfiery leader in the rebellion against England, was Advocate General and it was his duty to appear, and argue the motion for the crown. He resigned his office and used his ability and his great store of legal information in opposing the motion. The warrants were issued, but never used. In the sequel to the contest over the Navigation Act, Bernard, former Governor of New Jersey, again ap- pears. Pending the time between the appHcation for the writ of as- sistance and the argument, Chief Justice Sewall died. It was known that he entertained grave doubts of the legality of authorizing a right of search. Hutchinson had been re-elected Governor, a member of the Governor's Council and Judge of Probate. Yet with all these honors, Bernard, with full knowledge that Hutchinson would grant the writ, appomted him to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Sewall. This action made Bernard still more obnoxious than he had already become and led finally to the attempt to displace him. In this controversy over the Navigation Act, New Jersey could take no active part, but its citizens were in full sympathy with the patriots of Massachusetts. The origin of the Stamp Act has been much debated; it cannot now be stated definitely. It is however, quite certain that it had its germ of being in events which happened years prior to its enactment. Lord Bute had been driven from the ministry in 1763;' he was succeeded by George Grenville. The new Prime Minister, early in 1764, pronounced in Parliament, these words: ''It may be proper to charge stamp duties on t lie colonies and plantations." They were tew and apparently simple, but they were fatal to the British government and struck the death knell of its power over the colonies. But the idea of imposing a stamp did not originate with Mr. Grenville. In 1734, Governor Cosby pro- posed to the Legislature of New York, as a means of raising money to pay expenses of government, a duty on legal papers and on conveyances and deeds. The Assembly did not accept the proposition. If it had carried out the suggestion and passed a colonial stamp act, no one could have objected. Ten years later the first suggestion of the passage of such a law by Parliament was made by Lieut. Governor Clark, of New York, and in December, 1744, Governor Clinton, of that colony, wrote to the Duke of Newcastle that Clark had shown him two '^ scJieimes ivhieh had been sent him from England. '^ It is probable therefore that the " scheimes " related generally to trade; the other was a suggestion 268 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. for "establishing- by act of Parliament dutys upon stamp papers in all the British and American colonys." The Governor thereupon, in the same letter to the Duke of Newcastle, made a remark in language, which however faulty in orthography, was certainly very wise. " The people in North America" he says, " are quite strange to any duty, but such as they raise themselves and was such a scheim to take place without their knowledge, it might prove a dangerous consequence to his maj- esty's interest." Soon afterward the ministry began to make calcula- tions on the amount which might be realized if a stamp act were to be put into operation in America. In July, 1763, Hugh McCulloh, a clerk connected with the Treasury department, presented a report by which he estimated that ^^60,000 sterling could be raised annually, in this way, from North America. This was after Grenville had become Premier and undoubtedly was in answer to his order, or that of some of his sub- ordinates. • He, however, was not satisfied with this result of the arith- metical calculation of his clerk, as he demanded ^100,000. In August, 1764:, the Earl of Halifax mailed a circular to all of the royal governors in North America, directing them to transmit to him "a list of all instruments made use of in public transactions, land pro- ceedings, grants, conveyances, securities of land or money, within your government, with proper and sufficient descriptions of the same; in order that, if Parliament should think proper to pursue the intention of the aforesaid resolution, they may thereby be enabled to carry it into execution in the most efficient and least burdensome manner." If Gov- ernor Franklin received one of these circulars, there is no evidence in the records of the proceedings of the Council that he disclosed it to those who immediately surrounded him. While all this was transpir- ing in England and the English ministry were, perhaps, imagining that the intended encroachments on the rights of the colonies were, in a measure, masked and that the people, at large, were in ignorance of this movement, there were sharp eyes and ears watching and listen- ing, and however carefully such transactions might be hidden, they did not escape the notice of these sentinels. Each colony able to support such an officer, had its agent resident in London, whose business it was to obtain and transmit to the colonial authorities information of any important event transpiring there, which might affect their principals. At this time, Benjamin Franklin was the agent of New Jersey and it can well be imagined that no movement of the ministry or of any of the public authorities, which could in any wise affect the colonies THE STAMP ACT. 269 escaped his scrutiny. So, when knowledge came to these agents of the intention of the ministry to introduce this measure into Parliament, Grenville was told in the most unmistakable manner that the colonies would submit to no taxation which was not of their own creation. His reply was that he intended to carry the measure through that year, but that he thought it proper to submit it to the colonial Assemblies, so that they might, if they chose, suggest a different plan. There were several • reasons which impelled Grenville to urge this matter just at that time. The war with France had just closed, and its result was of the utmost advantage to England as well as to the colo- nies. All the possessions of France in the northern part of America became the property of Great Britain, and New England and the adja- cent provinces were freed from the danger which before had been constantly imminent, from a foe so near and so persistent in its at- tempts upon the English settlements. In that war the British subjects in America had expended ^^3, 000, 000 sterling, had kept a standing army of 25,000 men constantly in the field, had sacrificed 30,000 of their young men and had equipped 400 privateers to prey upon French commerce. All this had shown the English ministry the vast resources of the American people. So, Grenville imagined, first : That the colo- nists would be grateful for their rescue from so relentless a foe and their deliverance from the dangers which had theretofore so constantly threatened them and that they would be willing to undergo still further sacrifice to aid the mother country which, he would have them believe, had proved so great a benefactor to them. Second : That he could relieve the pressing necessities of Great Britain arising from the long war in which it had been involved with its inveterate foe, by this tax on the colonies, and third: He hoped to secure a reputation for good financier- ing and gain the approval of his own ministry by so shaping measures as to provide for the support of the English. But, he little understood the temper of the American people. They comprehended, better than he, the real situation; they knew that the result of the ^var was due more to their exertions than to those of the mother country; they ap- preciated their own sacrifices and, better still, they estimated their just claims to freedom and the injustice of their oppressors. Feeling all this, they were determined to maintain their liberties at any cost . The colonial agents remonstrated against the iniquitous measure; members of parlia- ment, better informed than the ministers, raised their voices in indigna- tion against the proposed act ; the colonists held meeting after meeting 270 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. and vehemently protested; and the legislatures of many of the colonies memorialized the House of Commons. Protests were in vain, remon- strances failed, notes of warning from their own members availed not ; Grenville and his associates had determined that the measure should be passed and so, on the 22d of March, 1765, it was passed, in a full House of Commons, after a very spirited debate and hot opposition, by the large majority of 252, out of an aggregate of 366 votes and became a law. It can well be imagined with what indignation the news of the passage of the bill was received in the colonies. But when the stamps reached America, that indignation was increased and the manifesta- tions of feeling all over the land were of a character which almost beg- gars description. In New Jersey, the demonstrations were not so vio- lent as elsewhere, but the conduct of the people was such as to show beyond a doubt that they would not submit to the indignity. All classes agreed not to use the stamps and it seemed, for a time, as if business would be suspended. The action of the lawyers illustrates the position taken by the business men of the community. Frederick Smyth was then Chief Justice; he was a loyalist and was charged with being a candidate for the position of stamp distributor. Smyth was appointed chief justice in 1761 and the stamps arrived in the province the next year. A meeting of the bar was called in September, 1765, expressly to discuss the situation, and after a full presentation of the matter, it was unanimously resolved that they would use no stamps for any purpose. Of course, this action, if persisted in, would put an end to all legal business, but, it would also prevent any return being made to the home government for the sale of stamps. The lawyers perse- vered in their determination and resolutely refused to purchase a single stamp. The Chief Justice requested the members of the bar to confer with him on the day after their meeting. He denied in the most posi- tive manner that he had sought the appointment of stamp distributor, or had accepted it. In fact, William Coxe had been appointed on the nomination of Benjamin Franklin. The ministry had resolved not to choose any of these officers from England, but to name them from re- sponsible citizens in the colonies, on the nomination of the colonial agents. At his meeting with the members of the bar before referred to, the Chief Justice propounded several questions to them, among them, this: — Whether they would agree to purchase the stamps if they should arrive at a certain time; to which a negative was promptly given. He also asked for their opinion as to the payment of duties and THE STAMP ACT. 271 whether he was under any obligation to distribute the stamps. To this there was only one answer — that the duties could not be paid and that he was not obliged to aid in the deliv^ery of the stamps. The Chief Justice acted on this advice and the result was that the Court was closed and remained so until the next April, when there was another meeting of the bar, at which the conclusion was reached that they would resume business, use no stamps and abide by the result. The stamps intended for New Jersey were never landed ; the oppo- sition against the measure was so pronounced that the English Captain, Hawker, who had the papers on board of his vessel, did not dare take them on shore. The Governor called his Council together on the 6th of November, 1765, for the purpose of consulting as to the proper method to be pur- sued under the condition of affairs in the colony arising from the threatening aspect of the people. Six Councilmen were present; the four absent members sent apologies, one of whom, Lord Sterling, gave his opinion in full and presented his advice to the Governor. Frank- lin had some correspondence which he presented to the Council, letters from Governor Colden, Captain Kennedy and Captain Hawker, in whose vessel then lying near New Castle, in Delaware, were the obnox- ious stamps. The Governor submitted several questions to the Council which were answered the next day. The result of the interview was that he was advised that he could not accept of the resignation of the stamp distributor, nor was he empowered to appoint any one in his stead; that there was no one in the province able to give the requisite bond, who would accept the position; that it was not safe for any per- son to execute the duties of the office "on account of the violent resentment too generally imbibed against the act; and the many re- peated threats by written advertisements, and otherwise, against any that should be aiding or assisting in carrying the same into execution; that it was unsafe for the Governor to attempt to send for the stamps from under Captain Hawker's protection." The Governor showed great wisdom during the whole of this un- pleasant affair, acted with firmness but moderation, seemed to appreci- ate the surroundings and to demean himself so as to show that he was fully alive to the situation. He never for a moment surrendered his loyalty to the king and yet seemed desirous of securing tranquillity in the province. The ministry gained nothing by the passage of the act but the 272 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. hatred of the colonists and lost greatly in the estimation of the people at home. In less than a year's time the stamp act was repealed,. But the repeal was accompanied by what was called a "declaratory act, " which insisted that Parliament had the power to legislate over the colonies "in all cases whatsoever." The mini.stry then in power had insisted upon the passage of this "declaratory act" and that it should accompany the repeal. This circumstance aroused an unfortunate jeal- ousy and distrust of the English Government throughout the colonies. Well it might arouse distrust, for it was but a menace of further op- pression in the future. But the great majority of the colonists were so jubilant over the repeal of the obnoxious law that they overlooked the threat contained in its companion act. Exuberant joy was manifested all over the colonies; statues were erected to the king, Pitt and Gen- eral Conway; loyal addresses were presented by the different assem- blies of the several provinces, to King George. But this satisfaction was short lived, and events soon showed that an evil genius had full possession of all who at that time were influential in the government of England. Further taxation was attempted to be imposed upon the colonists. Revenue must be raised from America, was the cry. The impelling incident which was the direct cause of the new act was this: Charles Townsend, in the turmoil of affairs in Great Britain, had be- come Prime Minister, succeeding the Marquis of Rockingham. He was a man of brilliant parts but not of sound judgment nor of the firmness of purpose required in those troublous times. Grenville, the former Premier, had had his hatred of the colonies increased by his defeats. Townsend was uttering a boast one day, in the presence of Grenville, that he would find a way in which he could tax America. "You dare not do it" was the sneering reply of the former minister. Stung by the implication that he was lacking in the requisite courage, without reflection, Townsend replied: "I dare tax America." His boast was no mere utterance, for he instantly set about concocting a plan by which he might carry it out. Unfortunately, there had been a change in the sentiments of the members of Parliament A bill was introduced by the ministers providing for the laying of an impost on glass, paper, pasteboard, white and red lead, painters' colors and tea. The most, if not all of these articles which were manufactured, were not produced in the provinces but were absolutely necessary in the ordinary business of the community. The preamble of the act declared that it was expedient to raise a revenue in America and to make more J. G. SHIPMAN. THE TAX QUESTION. 273 certain and adequate provisions for defraying the charges of the admin- istration of justice in the provinces. One of the clauses in the act em- powered the crown to establish a general civil list throughout every colony of any extent in North America, with salaries, pensions and appointments to the whole amount of the new duties. If possible, this was more obnoxious than the hated stamp act. If the object of the bill were attained, — the establishment of a civil list, independent of the legislature, — a great advance would be made towards the annihilation of liberty; nevertheless it became a law in the month of June, 1767. Very soon after, two other statutes were enacted which roused the people to a high pitch of indignant fury. The Legislature of New York had refused to comply with a requisition for supplying troops. This and the contumacious conduct of the Massachusetts Assembly gave particular offence to the English ministry and Parliament enacted a statute providing that the Legislature of New York should pass no act whatever until that colony should comply with the requisition. In- formation of these three acts reached the colonies about the same time. No terms can fully describe the amazement and exasperation felt by the colonists over these continuous attempts of the ministry, especially when it was remembered that the "Grants and Concessions" of Berke- ley and Carteret and the " Concessions and Agreements " of the Pro- prietors of West Jersey expressly provided " that the Governor and Council are not to impose any tax, custom, or subsidy, tollage assess- ments or any other duty whatsoever, upon any color or pretence, how specious soever, upon the said province and inhabitants thereof with- out their own consent, fiiist had, or other than what shall be imposed by the authority and consent of the General Assembly." True, the Proprietors had relinquished the right of government to the British sovereign, but, while they had a right to do this, that body could not surrender the rights of the people ; those rights were inherent in the whole body of the citizens, had been guarantied to them by the organic law of the land which had been their guardian and protector for a century. Besides, tax was a mere gift, a gratuity, from the subject to the sov- ereign, justly due, it is true, for protection given, but, still a free will offering which the ruler could not compel at his volition, which must proceed from the subject through his authorized representative. The colonists were free born, British subjects, entitled to the same rights, the same freedom, the same equality, as though they had been born in 35 274 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Engiand. Representations in the councils of the government was a privilege inherent in every native born citizen. It was impossible to send delegates to the English Parliament ; the distance between the two countries was too great, but, a colonial parliament would answer the purpose if the legislatures of the different colonies were unable to make provision for the proper administration of affairs. The colonial legisla- tures could better judge of the exigencies of any case that might arise, and knew better the wants, the sentiments and the peculiar conditions of their own immediate fellow citizens with whom they were in daily in- tercourse, than could a body of men surrounded by entirely different environments. These w^ere some of the arguments with which the proposed tax was met. The act which enjoined a colonial legislature from passing any law did not admit of any discussion; the mere statement showed its ab- surdity, its folly and its injustice. If the Assembly of one colony could be thus restrained, the same restraint could be placed upon all and there would be a cessation of legislation throughout the whole land. The Parliament might as well pass a law prohibiting men from breath- ing; legislation is as necessary to the body politic as breath to the natural body. The same temper and resentment which impelled resistance to former measures still continued, but was now increased to an intensity never be- fore existing, and only needed an incentive to again arouse the people to renewed and more vigorous opposition. All through the discussion the colonists claimed only that to which they were entitled as British subjects, and demanded that they should receive at the hands of their sovereign the same consideration — ncjthing more, nor less — as was given to other subjects of Great Britain. The discussion continued, circulars were issued by colonial legisla- tures, by governors, by officers and by individuals in the colonies; by ministers, members of Parliament and Boards of Trade, in England ; and were scattered broadcast. Acts of Parliament were met by counter action by the colonial legislature. The Parliament called on the As- sembly of Massachusetts to rescind an obnoxious law; the spirited col- onists refused obedience. New York put Parliament at defiance and held regular terms of the Legislature to correspond with other similar bodies in the colonies. Its acts, of course, were powerless, for, to make them effective, they must have received the royal assent; and so, they passed no formal laws. The English ministry threatened; the LORD NORTH'S ARROGANCE. 275 authorities in America kept on their way, coolly and calmly pursuing the course which they marked out for themselves, occasionally present- ing- moderate and respectful remonstrances, by way of petition, to the English sovereign, in which they set out their grievances in no uncer- tain manner and claimed that he, as their king, should protect them, his subjects, who ought receive guardianship and care at his hands. The excitement spread from Maine to Georgia. Massachusetts suf- fered the most, and her sister colonies gave substantial aid and assist- ance to her. But while all this turmoil existed, the hated acts were put into opera- tion and troops were quartered in Boston to secure compliance with them by force of arms, if necessary. This produced violence and dis- order and the public discontent was largely increased until it swelled into turbulence and blood was actually shed in the streets of Boston. Then came another outrage from England : Parliament requested the king to require the Governor of Massachusetts to make the most strenuous examination to ascertain who had committed treason and misprision of treason since 17G7, and to report the names of the crimi- nals, so that they might be brought to trial in England. This added more fuel to the flame already kindled and the whole people in every colony were incensed beyond degree. The measure was addressed especially against Massachusetts, but every province felt personally in- terested The Legislature of New Jersey resolved that all persons charged with these crimes, residing in that colony, could only be tried by the courts of the province, and that "the sending such persons beyond the seas to be tried, is highly derogatory to the rights of British subjects; as thereby the inestimable privileges of a trial by a jury of the vicinage, as well as the liberty of producing witnesses in such trials will be taken away. " This resolution gives the whole argument against the law. The year 1770 began and Lord North was prime minister, having succeeeded Charles Townshend in 1769, in which year an attempt was made to repeal the act imposing duties on glass, paper and the other commodities already mentioned. North, on that occasion, declared that though prudence and policy might suggest the propriety of repeal- ing the law, yet he hoped it would not be done until "America was prostrate at their feet. " A year had elapsed since that insolent remark was made and Lord North, himself, introduced a bill into Parliament to repeal the obnoxious act. It was repealed, but only in part; the 276 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. duties were taken from every article named in the bill except tea. The colonists objected not so much to the fact that certain imported articles were taxed, but, to the principle involved. That was insisted on with the same force after the repeal as before. It made no difference whether the tax was imposed on one article or on a hundred, and, of course, the compromise, for such it was considered, failed to satisf}' the colonists, and discontent still reigned. The malcontents in America had long since banded themselves to- gether by solemn compact to use no goods imported from England which were taxed, and the foreign trade had dwindled to almost noth- ing. But, notwithstanding this, King George and Lord North per- sisted in their mad attempt to bring "America prostrate to their feet." The king was a dull, stupid man, with an inflexible will. North was of a generous nature, with good impulses, who appreciated the peril of the situation much better than his royal master. It was ascertained after his death that he was of the opinion that a continuance of the ac- tion determined upon by the king against the colonies would eventuate adversely to the crown. But North, although nominally the Premier of the empire, was not Prime Minister ; the king governed and over- ruled his minister. North was a violent Tory, according to the polit- ical nomenclature of the da}'. A boast made by him on the floor of the House of Commons gives an index to his character; "since he had a seat there he had voted against all popular, and in favor of all unpop- ular measures." So the perilous plans of the sovereign were followed ; the declartory law which accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act, the " sugar act," the law creating a Board of Commissioners of the revenues, the mu- tiny act, that for quartering soldiers on the colonies and that restraining the action of the New -York Legislature, were still unrepealed. Noth- ing would satisfy the colonists short of the annulling of all these stat- utes, and the settling, beyond controversy, of the principle that there should be no taxation without representation. But the king was not satisfied yet ; he purposed to drive the iron still deeper. The Governor of Massachusetts and the Legislature had quarreled about the support of the colonial government and no bill pro- viding for that had been passed. In 1772, it was learned that provision had been made by King George for the support of the government in- dependent of the Assembly. The provision was afterwards extended to the judges of the Supreme Court, by providing independent salaries for these offices. THE TEA STRUGGLE. 277 During- all the years of this disquiet, the people at large had not been idle. Meetings of citizens were held all over the country; committees had been appointed to take measures to secure an alleviation of their grievances. In 1773, the people seemed to cease the mere expression of their sentiments on the conduct of king and ministry and to adopt practical measures tending to a consolidation of public sentiment, a closer union of the colonies and more united action. The colonies were bound together by no organic bond, no covenant controlling and requiring a combined effort. The want of such a bond was keenly felt by the thinking men of the country. A remedy for the defect was attempted in the selection of what were called Committees of Correspondence. In March, 1773, the Assembly of Virginia through several resolutions referring to other matters, suggested the appoint- ment of such a committee. Its object, as stated by these resolutions, was " to obtain early and authentic intelligence of such acts and resolu- tions of Parliament as might relate to America, and to maintain a communication with sister colonies." This action met with the appro- bation of almost all the other colonies. The Assembly of New Jersey accepted the suggestion coming from Virginia, and, at their meeting, held at Burlington, on the 8th of February, 1774, after carefully and solemnly discussing the whole situation, appointed a ver}^ strong Com- mittee of nine members, vesting them with full powers to act within the lines proposed by the Virginia resolutions, and also directing them to report "occasionally" to the Assembly. The Chairman of this Committee was James Kinsey, afterwards Chief Justice, but a loyalist in his views and actions. Similar committees were appointed by all the colonies and served a most important purpose in the after history of events. They brought the colonies closer together, with one com- mon purpose; moulded public sentiment; directed affairs so as to secure a systematized effort to obtain relief from 1;he evils of the times. The end was fast approaching; the stupid, self-willed King imagined that the time was near at hand when America would be prostrate at his feet and that it would require only a few more turns of the political vice to force his rebellious subjects to surrender. So, the East India Company was permitted to carry its tea to all the colonies and leave it almost free from duty. The colonists had refused to buy this product of the dominions of that overgrown company and it became financially embarrassed. Such arrangements were made that the company could afford to sell the tea nine pence per pound less than it had been offered 278 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. before, and it was supposed that self-interest would induce the colonists to purchase the commodity. But the kin.o- and ministry again failed to appreciate the sentiments of the people. It was not the amount of money to be paid, but a great principle for which they were contesting, one involving the liberties of a nation, and they persisted in their re- fusal. There was an immense interest to the company at stake in the sale of its tea; 17,000,000 pounds of that commodity were stored in its warehouses. Under a false impression, as to the action of the colo- nists and trusting to the protection of the government, they sent for- ward their vessels to American ports, with the tea consigned to recognized friends, or to those who were known to be loyalists. The result was almost sublime; the people seemed actuated by one spirit in their determination to resist. At every port preparations were made to prevent the landing of the tea. In Boston the ships were boarded by a band of citizens disguised as Indians, who broke open the boxes and poured the contents into the sea. Little opportunity was afforded the citizens of New Jersey to show such a decided opposition to the action of the English ministry. There were no ports in the colony where it was supposed tea could be landed. But New Jersey did have a tea party, fashioned somewhat after the larger and more celebrated one at Boston. A captain of a ship loaded with tea, consigned to Philadelphia, did not dare land his cargo, as the patriots of that city had given notice that they would not allow any vessel containing that commodity to enter their port He, therefore, sailed up the Cohansey River, in Cumberland County, then a port of entry at which there was considera- ble foreign trade, secretly landed his cargo and stored it in the cellar of a house fronting on the "Green." The inhabitants became aware of the circumstance and appointed a committee of five to look after it. This was shortly before a general meeting of the citizens of the County, held at Bridgeton, December 22, 1774, to consider some recommenda- tions of the first Continental Congress. At this meeting, in pursuance of certain resolutions, a committee of twenty-five persons was appoint- ed, which was immediately notified of the facts connected with the land- ino-of the tea and of the selection of the committee of five by the inhab- itants of Greenwich; but, after consultation any action was postponed until the next day. During the night, some persons dressed as Indians broke open the house where the tea had been stored, carried it to the public green and burned it; this was done in the early evening so that NEW JERSEY'S TEA P4RTY. 279 the sight might be enjoyed by the people. At a meeting of the com- mittee of twenty-five held on the next day, news was received of this action, and two "resolves" were passed. "1st. That we entirely disapprove of the destroying of the above mentioned tea, it being entirely contrary to our resolves, 2d. That we will not conceal nor protect from Justice any of the perpetrators of the above fact." It was shrewdly suspected at the time that the committee were not so much disposed to condemn the "fact" as the resolution would indi- cate, and certainly, that they were glad the tea had been disposed of, as it would have been a burden on their hands. Those engaged in th^ burning were among the most prominent citizens in the County. Among them was Ebenezer Elmer, afterwards a surgeon in the patriot army, and the father of the Hon. L. Q. C' Elmer, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, in the early part of this century. Suits against some of those engaged in the affair were commenced by the owners of the tea, at the succeeding April Term of the Supreme Court. Eminent Counsel were employed on both sides; those for the de- fendants were retained by money raised by the citizens by subscription. At the proper time, the plaintiffs, being non-residents, were required to file security for costs. They were not able to do that, as thev could not induce any resident of the State to become surety, the feeling being so strong in favor of the defendants. In November Term the demand for security was repeated and in the succeeding April Term, 1770, the plaintiffs were non prossed. But, a month later, the bond for costs was furnished, the non suits set aside and the suits revived. But that is the last action taken in the cases; they still remain unde- termined, to this day. An attempt was made to punish the offenders by criminal proceed- ings. Chief Justice Frederick Smyth, who was a Tory, presided in the Oyer and Terminer held in Cumberland in May, 1775, and called the attention of the Grand Jury to the offence, entering very largely, in his charge, into the case, with its facts and circumstances. The Sheriff of the County was the brother of Ebenezer Elmer, and a Whig, He summoned a jury of the same party in politics as himself /and the fore- man of the jury was Daniel Elmer, another brother of the Doctor. It is not at all improbable that some members of the jury knew, person- ally, more about the burning than was told by the Chief Justice. No bill was found, although Judge Smyth sent the jury out the second time. Jonathan Elmer's term as Sheriff expired in June succeeding. 280 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Governor Franklin appointed as his successor, a man named Bowen, who was supposed to be a Tor3\ Dr. Ehner kept a diary at the time, and in it he writes this: " 'Twas expected, as Sheriff Bowen had g-ot a jury of Tories, we would be Indited for burning Tea and taking Wheaton, but they could not make out, but made presentment." The news of the action of the colonists, relating to the tea, was re- ceived m England with great indignation. But the wrath of the king and of his ministers was directed particularly against Massachusetts and that colony was very soon destined to feel the results of its insub- ordination. The ports of Boston w^ere closed by act of Parliament; no vessels were permitted to enter or leave its harbor ; the custom house and its appliances were removed to South Salem. By a gracious pro- vision of the act, however, these restrictions were to be withdrawn upon condition that the East India Company was compensated for its losses. Although the king and his council believed that good order was restored in Massachusetts and that the laws of Parliament would be observed in that colony, yet the ministry were not satisfied with this, but proceeded to test the power of endurance of the citizens of Massachusetts by other enactments. Another law took away the charter from the people of Massachusetts, under which they had lived for nearly a century and a half, and reserved to the crown the appointment of all offices in the colony during the royal pleasure. By another act it was provided that if any person were indicted for a capital offence and it were stated, under oath, that the crime was committed in aid of the magistrates in sup- pressing riots, and that he could not be fairly tried in Massachusetts, the offender could be sent to another colony, or to England, for trial. Another law passed almost at the same time, provided for the quarter- ing of soldiers upon the inhabitants. But the colonies, while sympathizing w^ith Massachusetts in this her time of peril, were, if possible, more indignant and filled with more dread for the future by the passage of an act at the same time with the three to which reference has just been made relating to the province of Quebec. This act vested all legislation in a council appointed by and dependent on the crown, and placed all the revenue in the hands of the king for his absolute disposal. If this were to be the fate of a province which had been quiescent during all these troubles, what would become of those who had been violent in their denunciation of the English ministry and had placed obstacle after obstacle in the way of obedience to law? If any measure had been needed to unite all the colonies, this would seem to be the indissoluble bond that would accomplish it. «a& ^*i^. ^ ■ 1 i X iili fc - r EFFECT OF THE PORT BILL. 281 The citizens of Boston were not idle; they had foreseen the blows which would be aimed at their welfare and so, on the 13th of May, 1774, three days after the news of the "Port bill" was received, they announced by a resolution their intention to meet the crisis with an undaunted spirit and, at the same time, to submit a plan to the other colonies for united action which might bring relief. They proposed that each province should agree to stop all importations from Great Britain and the West Indies until the odious acts were repealed. Copies of this resolution were sent to all the other colonies and the result of this action wa& the convocation of the first Continental Congress. The Assembly of Virginia, as a mark of sympathy with the suffering citizens of Massachusetts, proposed that the first of June, the day on which the "Port bill" was to go into effect, should be observed throughout the continent as a day of fasting, humiliation and prayer, " to implore the divine interposition to avert the heavy calamity which threatened to deprive them of the exercise of their civil rights, precipi- tating the evils of civil war and to give one heart and one mind to the people firmly to oppose every invasion of their liberties. " This was the first hint that had appeared in public utterances of the possibility of war. The colonists, up to this time, had still preserved the attitude of loyal subjects to the British government. But now, it became a matter of discussion whether it would not be better, under the circumstances, to declare themselves independent. There w&s no doubt in the minds of some of the leading men as to the proper course to be pursued; they were outspoken for separation, but they were few in number, and although afterwards they became a power in directing the people in the course which they had foretold must eventually be pursued, yet, at first, they were either misunderstood or were not ap- preciated. At this juncture of affairs. Governor Franklin was earnestly re- quested to call the Legislature together. The exigency of the case demanded that this course should be pursued; discontent prevailed all through the colony; other colonies were in commotion, having openly avowed thier intention to rebel; hostilities were threatened; but Frank- lin still persisted in his refusal to act and it was evident that meas- ures must be adopted by some authoritative body, deriving its power directly from the people, to meet the alarming emergency of the time.. That was accomplished in this manner: In the months of June and July, 1774, there was a simultaneous movement of the inhabitants of 36 282 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. the several counties of the province which must have been the result of a preconcerted plan. Meetings of the citizens were called at differ- ent places in the colony, which were very largely attended. At these meetings various plans were discussed and many suggestions made, all having reference to the same end — the settlement of the controversy with the mother country. It was understood by all. that some measure must be adopted and that right speedily, to relieve the unrest of the public mind and to preserve the liberties of the citizens intact from the encroachments of the English ministry. Boston had proposed a general non -importation and exportation act. All were ready to agree to that course, however ruinous it might be to the interests of mer- chants and traders and of the community in general, if by adopting it any good could be accomplished. A few might have entertained the idea and undoubtedly did, of separation from England. But, if such a measure were thought of, no one proposed it in the Legislatures or Congress until later and it was not discussed in those bodies. It would have met with no favor, for at every one of the meetings where dele- gates were appointed to the Convention, with one single exception, the strongest asseverations of loyalty were made to the English crown. In many instances, professions of abiding confidence in the Sovereign ; of cheerful obedience to all constitutional laws of England and of an earnest desire to remain dependent upon the British government, characterized the resolutions passed at the various meetings. The Convention itself, composed as it was of delegates coming up from the people at large, representing faithfully the sentiments of their constit- uents, voiced the wishes of the great majority of the colonists when, in its first resolution, it was declared that the inhabitants of the province "are and ever have been firm and unshaken in their loyalty to King George and tJiat JJiey detest all thoughts of an independence on the Crozvn of Great Britain.'' Although these various meetings w^ere almost simultaneously held and undoubtedly with a prior understanding on the part of those who called them, and the Electors present did not seem to have any con- certed plan for future action, yet, it was evident from their proceedings and resolutions that a provincial Congress or Convention, was deemed necessary and that delegates should be appointed to that Congress. The minds of the people were so oppressed, the danger was so immi- nent, the emergency so full of peril, that no question was raised as to form, or, as to what should be the jurisdiction of the proposed provin- cial meeting. THE PROVINCIAL CONVENTION. 283 From the many discussions and suggestions, a plan was finally evolved which met with the approbation of all, and that was the assem- bling of a provincial convention or congress, to which should be re- ferred the whole subject and which was to be charged with the respon- sibility of pro\^iding some measure of meeting the dilemma. ' That con- vention or congress was composed of delegates from the different Counties. This was a momentous measure, and it was the beginning of the end. Seventy-two delegates, in all, were appointed to this Congress, which met at New Brunswick, July 21, 1874. These delegates were repre- sentative men, wise, judicious, thoughtful, conservative, coming up from every county, representing all classes — the very best men in the colon)'. They continued in session several da3's, discussed the whole range of circumstances surrounding the situation, the dangers that menaced the life of the colonies, denounced the obnoxious acts of Par- liament in strong and unmistakable terms, recommended a general non-importation and non-consumption agreement, appointed a com- mittee to raise funds to afford relief to the suffering inhabitants of Bos- ton and rendered grateful acknowledgments " to the noble and worthy patrons of constitutional liberty in the British vSenate, for their laudable efforts to avert the storm they beheld impending over a much injured colony, and in support of the just rights of the King's subjects in Amer- ica." The last action of the Conv^ention was to appoint James Kinsey, William Livingston, John De Hart, Stephen Crane and Richard Smith delegates to represent the Colony of New Jersey in a general Conti- nental Congress, to be held in Philadelphia, about the first of Septem- ber then next, " to meet, consult and advise with the Deputies from the other colonies; and to determine upon all such pendent and lawful measures as may be judged most expedient for the colonies immedi- ately and unitedly to adopt, in order to obtain relief for an oppressed l^eople and the redress of our general grievances. " These men were not all staunch patriots ; Kinsey was one of the best men in the community and was afterwards made Chief Justice; but, al- though enjoying the unbounded confidence of all classes, there were ex- cellent reasons for doubting his adherence to the patriot cause. He and JohnDe Hart, in November, 1775, declined to serve any further as del- egates, and Kinsey, after the breaking out of the war, refused to take the oath prescribed by the Colonial Legislature. Richard Smith, after the adoption of the Constitutionof 1776, was elected a member of the first State 284 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Council, but refused to serve and tendered his resignation. The Coun- cil held that they could not receive it and therefore expelled him. Most of the counties and of the townships, also, appointed committees of correspondence, and of " observation " and "inspection," the first of which were directed to correspond with similar bodies from the other counties and townships. These various committees were industrious in the performance of their duties; they met from time to time, adopted rules of conduct, assiduously guarded the public interest, watched the actions of suspicious citizens, organized the militia of the colony, ap- pointed their officers and the proper persons to drill them in martial exercises, and when the war with all its horrors was upon the people, they provided for obtaining information of the approach of the enemy's forces, or vessels, gave notice to the authorities of movements of the British, provided ammunition and arms for the patriot soldiers, acted as express riders and corresponded with other committees and with friends of their cause, not only in New Jersey, but, in other colonies. Congress met in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, October 4, 1774. Its proceedings belong to the whole country, and, although New Jersey is identified with it and was loyal to all its resolutions, yet, it is not the province of a historian of a single State to record minutely all its meas- ures, but only such as may relate to that particular State. It may be said however, that it advised all the colonies to accept the proposition of Massachusetts, to "cease importing, purchasing or using any goods from England, Ireland or their dependencies from and after the first of December then next, and also to stop exporting any goods to Great Britain or the West Indies, after the first of September, 1775, unless the grievances of the colonies should be sooner redressed." The New Jersey delegation reported the proceedings of Congress to the Assem- bly on the llth of January, 1775, and they were unanimously approved by that body. The same persons were continued as delegates to the next Congress, with power to propose and agree to every "reasonable and Constitutional measure for the accommodation of the unhappy differences existing between the mother and her colonies." vSo the fateful year of 1775 was ushered in with no possible hope of an adjustment of the controversy between the English Government and its subjects in North America. The king still ruled his ministers; his obstinate will saw no possible solution of the problem but by a contin- uance of vexatious and irritating measures, only widening the breach and driving his American subjects into open rebellion. GOVERNOR FRANKLIN. AND THE LEGISLATURE. 285 The relatioiLS of Governor Franklin and the Legislature during all this commotion, became strained, and finally led to greater alienation between them. The Assembly did not fail to recognize the entire hon- esty" of Franklin's opinion as to his duty to his sovereign. He fully and sincerely believed that his first obligation was to the king and that he was bound by every consideration, in this terrible crisis, to devote all his powers and influence to his sovereign's cause. There were several matters which came up in dispute between him and the Assembly. In 1771, the Governor called the attention of the Legislature to the subject of providing for the support of some British troops which had been quartered in the province. This measure had been one of the causes of complaint by the colonies and the people and their representatives had been very restive under what they considered an invasion of their rights. In June, 17G7, the Legislature passed "An act appointing Commissioners for supplying the several Barracks erected in the colony of New Jersey with Furniture and other necessaries for accommodating the king's troops in or marching through the same, for supplying de- ficiencies and Defraying other Incidental charges." This act had re- ceived the concurrence of the Council and had been approved by the Governor. But, when it was presented to the English authorities for approval, they reported adversely to the king and it was disallowed, with an order that one of the Secretaries of State should " admonish " Governor Franklin for having passed the act. Lord Hillsborough, in pursuance of this order wrote a sharp letter to Franklin, severely rep- rimanding him not only for allowing the bill in question to be passed, but for other alleged derelictions of duty. A very long and labored reply was returned by Franklin, which is only important, in one respect, for the present purpose. The objection against the law made by the king's ministers was that it had not been passed in exact compliance with a previous act of Parliament. The Governor showed very plainl)' not only that the Legislature had complied wath the spirit if not with the very letter of that statute, but that it questioned very seriously the right to call on the colonies to pay for the troops quartered on them against their consent and utterly denied any authority for taxing them without representation. So, in 1771, when, in his address at the open- ing of the Legislature, on April 18th, Franklin called for further ap- propriation for the support of the troops, the Assembly flatly refused, and then, the Governor entered into an elaborate mathematical argu- ment to convince it that their constituents were amply able to pay more. 286 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. The Assembly, however, was firm and refused to load the country with additional burdens. It was unmistakably true that the people of the province were exceeding- irritated by the presence of the king's soldiers at a time of peace, and the delegates were strengthened in their refusal by the knowledge of that fact. The Freeholders of Hunterdon County, about that time, presented a remonstrance to the representatives from that County, at the close of which they presented these four questions for solution : " 1st. Whether to have the king's Troops stationed among us in Time of Peace is Constitutional and Agreeable to our Rights and Privileges?" "2nd. Whether they are or can be of any use to us, or whether any proper Officer of this Government has the command of them in any Case of Immergency?" " 3rd. Whether Regular Troops does not spread Vice and Imorality in a Country when they are maintained in Idleness?" " 4:th. Is it Consistent with Honor and Justice to support those who do us no service?" "5th. Whether there is not Danger that a Military Power may in Time interrupt the Proper Influence and Management of Civil Ad- ministration?" In the fall of 1771 the Legislature, however, agreed to pay any arrears that might be due for the subsistence of the troops, but this was done with the implied assurance that the soldiers should be with- drawn and that the colony would not be again called upon to raise money for that purpose. Accordingly, early in 1772, the troops were removed and that cause of dissension ceased. Another disagreement arose in the same year. A member from Essex, named John Ogden, after accepting the position of delegate to the Assembly, and taking his seat, became insolvent and resigned. The House accepted the resignation and directed the Speaker to issue his warrant to the Clerk for another election. The Clerk drew the writ and applied to the Governor to have the (jreat Seal affixed. The Gov- ernor doubted the legality of the act and consulted with his Council, who advised him that it was "by no means regular or constitutional." A controversy arose at once between the Government and the Assem- bly, Franklin claiming that the House could not accept a resignation; that after a member had once qualified and taken his seat, his subse- quent insolvency did not disqualify him. The dispute was settled in a GOVERNOR FRANKLIN AND THE LEGISLATURE. 287 most singular manner. The Governor appointed Mr. Ogden a Justice of the Peace of Essex County. By an act' of the Assembly, passed July 8, 1730, it was declared that if any member of the Legislature should accept an office of profit from the crown or from the Governor for the time being, his seat should be vacant and a writ for a new election should issue. The law did not provide by whom the seat should be declared vacant, nor who should issue the warrant. The Governor, however, in this instance, made the declaration and issued the writ. This the Assembly declared to be irregular and insisted that no one had the right to interfere with their sitting members but themselves, and that the writ should issue from them. But, as a diffi- culty which promised, at one time, to create some disturbance was thus settled, the delegates were not disposed to pursue their opposition further. Another discussion, more violent than those already noticed, al- though much less important, arose in 1773, between the Government and the Assembly, in which Franklin allowed himself to depart from the dignity which had generally characterized his deportment. About four years before, vSkinner, the Treasurer of the Province, complained that the chest in which the funds of the colony were kept, had been broken open and seven thousand and more pounds of bills and money stolen. About a year afterwards, Skinner was appointed a member of the Council and Franklin became very much attracted to him and would not admit that there was any fraud on the part of the Treasurer, in the case of the robbery. But the Assembly took a different view, alleged that the money was lost through the negligence, at least, of the Treasurer and intimated that his story about the alleged theft was not to be entirely believed. This gave rise to very acrimonious correspond- ence, in which the Governor lost his temper and allowed himself to in- dulge in language not becoming the Chief Magistrate of a province. But the chief source of disagreement between the Governor and the Assembly was the absolute divergence of their opinions and actions in the differences between England and the colonists, Franklin never disguised his sentiments in the slightest degree, but whenever it was necessary, proclaimed his adherence to the Crown. His position was fully understood, but such was the respect felt by the Assembly to- wards him that his salary, ^"1200 and ^60 for house rent, was allowed him to the very close of his career as Governor. But the end came at last. Concord and Lexington sent their dread 288 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. echoes throughout the land, Bunker Hill followed and the die was cast. An appeal was made by the undismayed and spirited colonists to the wager of battle, and war was declared. Franklin remained at his post, from time to time transmitting to England information of events, as they transpired in the colony. During the year 1775, he found that his Council was not, at all, in accord with him. Theretofore, there had been no discord, but, in that year, one of his Councillors, the Earl of Stirling, accepted a military commission under the Provincial Congress and Franklin suspended him. At the end of 1775, he found himself almost entirely unsupported and in a most embarrassed position. On January 6, 1775, a letter which he wrote to the Earl of Dartmouth contained this sentence: "My situation is indeed somewhat particular and not a little difficult having no more than one or two among the principal officers of government to whom I, even now, speak confiden- tially on public affairs." This was intercepted by General Stirling and instant means were taken to prevent him from leaving the province. There is not the slightest evidence that he contemplated any such step. He was then living at Amboy and nominally attending to the duties of his position. A guard was placed at his gate and he was virtually under arrest. Later, in 1775, he received some despatches from the English ministry which he thought it his duty to lay before the legis- lature. He thereupon issued a proclamation directing the Assembly to meet on the 20th of June. The Provincial Congress, then in session, considered this a violation and in contempt of its order, which had sundered all relations with England, directed that the Governor's proc- lamation should not be obeyed and that no more salary should be paid to him. He was arrested on the 17th of June, 1775, by Nathaniel Heard, afterwards General in the Colonial Army, under an order from Samuel Tucker, President of the Provincial Congress, or Convention, as it was afterwards called. That order manifested the respect felt for the Governor; the officer making the arrest was directed to accept Franklin's parole of hopor, to permit him to select one of three places of residence, one of them his own farm at Rancocus, and "that this necessary business be conducted with all the delicacy and tenderness which the nature of the service can possibly admit of." The Governor indignantly refused the parole of honor and was therefore placed in actual confinement, in his own house, however, a guard of sixty men being placed around it. The proceedings were reported to the Conti- nental Congress, which directed that the prisoner should be examined. ^U/^OaaJ CONFINEMENT OF FRANKLIN. 289 " If, on such examination, they shall be of opinion that he should be confined to report such opinion to Congress, and then the Congress will direct the place of his confinement." He was removed to Burl- ington and there submitted to an examination. He denied the juris- diction of the Legislature, claiming that it had usurped his prerogatives and absolutely refused to answer any of the questions put to him. He was then declared an enemy of the country and ordered to be put "under safe guard" until the pleasure of Congress should be ascer- tained. The original minutes of the convention, until recently and, perhaps, still in existence, show an erasure of the words "in safe cus- tody" and an interlineation of the words "under safe guard " On the 22d of June, 1776, Congress directed that he should be sent, under guard, to Governor Trumbull, of Connecticut, "who could admit him to his parole, but if Mr. Franklin refused to give his parole, that Governor Trumbull be desired to treat him agreeably to the resolution of Con- gress respecting prisoners. " The Chief Justice of the State induced Franklin to accept parole and he was quartered in the house of Capt. Grant, at East Windsor. There was an apparently unnecessary sever- ity connected with this imprisonment which cannot be accounted for. Gov. Franklin was married to an estimable woman just about the time he came to New Jersey as its Governor. They were living at Amboy when he was arrested, but, during the whole of his stay in Connecticut, more than two years, were separated, Mrs. Franklin remaining in New York. Several attempts were made for an exchange, but, on April 22, 1777, Congress transmitted a resolution to Governor Trumbull stating that evidence had been received that Franklin had "sedulously employed himself in dispersing among the inhabitants the protection of Lord Howe and General Howe, the king's commissioners for granting par- dons and otherwise aided and abetted the enemies of the United States," and therefore he was instructed to order the late Governor into close confinement, "prohibiting him the use of pen, ink and paper, or the access of any person or persons but such as are properly licensed for that purpose by Governor Trumbull. " His confinement lasted until October, 1778, when he was exchanged for J. McKinley, president of Delaware. His wife, in the meantime, had died in New York and was buried before her husband was released. Franklin sailed for Eng- land in August, 1782. The English government donated ^1,800 to 37 2'M'>, whence some of the name removed U) this State, set- tlinxr in Hunterdon county, where his j^randfather and father (Daniel) were prominent and inlluential men. He was graduated from Lafay- ette College at Easton, Pa., in 180S, and immediately entered the law office of Hon. Robert Hamilton. He sul)se(iuently read law with Soc- rates Tuttle, of Paterson, and was licensed as an attorney at the No- vember term of the Supreme Court in 1871 and three years later was admitted as counselor. Soon after his admission he formed a copartnership with his precej)- tor under the style of Tuttle ic (iriggs, which continued for several years. In 18T5 he was elected to the Assembly from the old Fourth district of Passaic county and was re-elected in ISTO, serving in both sessions as a- committee appointed to revise and harmonize the laws affected by the new Constitution. In 1878 he was appointed counsel of the Board of Chosen Freeholders and in 1879 received the appoint- ment of city counsel of Paterson, which position he held four years. In 1882 he was elected State senator from Passaic county and served two terms, defeating James Inglis, jr., at both elections. In 188G he officiated as president of the Senate and also president of the Court of Impeachment. In the fall of 1895 Mr. Griggs was elected governor of New Jersey by a handsome majority, being the first Republican chosen to that office since 1805. He has been president of the Paterson Safe Deposit and Trust Com- pany since its inception, is president of the Paterson National Bank, and has served as trustee of several large estates. Henry Haiin, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., Septembers, 1872, is the eldest son of Rev. Joseph and Hcrmine Hahn, and a nephew of Dr. Adolf Huebsch, of New York city, one of the foremost Jewish rabbis of this country. His father was a rabbi of Jewish Oheb Schalom Congregation of Newark. Mr. Hahn was educated in the ])ublic and High schools of his native city, graduating from the latter institution in 1890, and read law during 1887-88 with Samuel Kalisch, esq., and Hon. Ludlow M. Carter, and for four years with Coult & Howell, of Newark, selling newspapers meantime (eight years) to help pay ex- penses. On February 23, 1894, he was admitted to the New Jer- sey bar as attorney and since then has successfully praticed his profession* in Newark. He will make chancery and corporation BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 35 business his specialty. He has been a delegate to several Republican conventions and is a corporal and judge advocate of Co. E, 1st Regt. N. G. S. N. J. Mr. Hahn has written and read numerous essays and papers before various literary societies of which he is a member, and for one year edited the Current Literature column of Town Talk. Thomas B. Hall, Camden, son of John E. and Catherine (Watts) Hall, was born in Jersey City cm the 9th of October, 18G9, and read law in Camden, N. J., in the oiifice of Thomas B. Harned. He was ad- mitted to the New Jersey bar at Trenton as attorney at the November term in 1890, and as counselor at the same place and term in 1893. Morris Robeson Hamilton, Trenton, was born at Oxford Furnace, Sussex (now Warren) county, N. J., May 24, 1820, son of Samuel Ran- dolph Hamilton and Eliza (Robeson) Hamilton. Samuel R. Hamilton was a son of John and Phoebe (Ross) Hamilton, of Princeton, N. J. ; he studied law with Gov, Isaac H. Williamson, at Elizabeth, after his graduation at Nassau Hall in 1808, and was admitted to the bar in November, 1812; he became a counselor in 1823, and a sergeant in 1837; he was quartermaster-general of the vState from 1830 to 1855, when he resigned on account of his health, and during this period he converted the old State Prison into the present State Arsenal; he was prosecutor of the pleas of Mercer county from 1843 to 1848, when he was elected mayor of Trenton. His death took place in 1856. Mrs. Eliza R. Hamilton was a daughter of Morris and Tracy (Paul) Robeson; she died in 1865. Morris R. Hamilton was graduated from Princeton College in 1839, obtained his legal education with his father; he was admitted to the bar as an attorney at the September term of the Supreme Court in 1842, at Trenton, but never applied for admission as a counselor. He was appointed master and examiner in chancery by Governor Pennington in 1843; removed from Gloucester county, N. J., to Phila- delphia in 1844, and was admitted to the bar of that city, by Judge Stroud, in 1845. In 1849 he returned to New Jersey to take the editor- ship of the Trenton True American, and for thirty-five years there- after was engaged in editorial work in the State of New Jersey, Penn- sylvania and Missouri. In 1884 he was appointed State librarian of New Jersey, which position he now holds. In Philadelphia, July 2, 1844, he was married by the Rev. Albert TiiK jrr)i("i.\K AND CIVIL iiisT(»i:Y oK NEW .fp:ksp:y. Barnes, to Harriet Pennin^jlon Halsted, daughter of John and Mary (Pennington) Halsted, of Phihidelphia (formerly of Newark, N. J.). .She died in 1SI»*2, leaving seven children and five grandchildren. His oldest son. Kllis, was captain of Company F, 15th N. J. Vols., in the late war, and was fatally wounded, May 8, 18(;4, at the battle of the Wilderness, and died at the Georgetown Hospital eleven days after; he was buried in the Mercer Cemetery, Trenton. His youngest son, Harrv. after being trained in the actuary department of the Newark Mutual Benefit Insurance Company, became actuary of the Penn Mutual Life Company of Philadelphia, but being a Latin and (ireek scholar, as well as a mathematician, he employed his leisure time in translations, among which were Virgil's yluieid (Putnam, 1889), Keating's New Pronouncing Dictionary of Medicine (\V. B. vSaunders, Phila.), and Saunders's Medical Lexicon, and eventually died of brain fever, caused by overwork. His other children survive and are all married. Cn.ARLES Hardenberg WiNKiELi), Jersey City, born in the town of Ueerpark, Orange county, N. Y., November 8, "1829, is the son of Henry and Deborah (Westbrook) Winfield, and was graduated frotn Rutgers College in 1852. When a young man he came to Jersey City, where he read law with Abraham O. Zabriskie, and was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton as attorney in ]8oo and as counselor in 1858. He was State senator in 18GG, 18(»7, and 18G8, and was appointed prosecutor of the pleas in Hudson county by Governor Ludlow in 1883, reappointed by Governor Green in 1888, and for the third time appointed by Governor Wertsin 189:5. Mr. Winfield was prosecutor of the great ballot box frauds in Jersey Citv in 1889, and has been identified as counsel for defense with such important and interesting cases as Harrison vs. Vreeland, and Smith and Bennetts ads. The State, indicted for murder. He is the author of " Histor}' of Hudson County," "History of the Land Titles in Hudson County," "Surprise and Capture of Paulus Hook by Major Lee," " Monograph on the Founding of Jersey City," " Hoboken a Pleasure Resort for Old New York," and "Adjudged Words and Phrases," all of which have met with warm and favorable reception as works of literary and historical merit. John R. HARr)iN, Newark, born in Green townsliij), Sussex county, N. T., April 24, ISr.O. was graduated from Princeton College in 1880, (3uiel7nan Pholo-GT'ji'ure Co. ^^^a3^^>2:^ BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 37 and read law in Newark with jMcCarter & Keen, whose office he entered in June, 1881. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney in June, 1884, and as counselor in June, 1887, and since the first named year has practiced his profession in Newark. He was attorney for the Board of Health from April, 1887, to February, 1890, and represented the Fifteenth ward of Newark in the Board of Aldermen from Febru- ary, 1890, till January, 1892. He served in the As.sembly from the Sixth district of Essex county in 1891 and 1892, and in that body was chairman of the Committee on Judiciary, Passed Bills and Federal Re- lations, and a member of the Committee on Ways and Means, and others. Teunis a. Haring, Hackensack, son of Abram B. and Polly (Hopper) Haring-, was born in Washington township, Bergen county, N. J., No- vember 19, 1842. His father was sheriff of Bergen county from 1853 to 1856 and served as member of assembly in 1865 and 1866. Mr. Haring was educated in the common schools of his native town. He was appointed by Governor Abbett sheriff of Bergen county to fill the unexpired term of N. C. Demarest, and in 1889 was elected for the full term to that office. In 1892 he was chosen surrogate of Bergen county and still holds that important position. Howard Wortley Haves, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., May 9, 1858, is the son of David A. and Caroline (Davis) Hayes, and a lineal descendant of Thomas Hayes, who settled there in 1689. Educated at Newark Academy, Phillips Academy in Andover, Mass., and Yale College, he read law in his native city with George W. Hubbell and at Columbia Law School, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in June, 1882, and as counselor in June, 1885. He was assistant district attorney for this State from October, 1888, to August, 1891, and judge of the first criminal court of Newark from March, 1891, to March, 1893. Walter Foowood Havhurst. Lambertville, is a son of Jeremiah and Mary E. (Foowood) Hayhurst, and a lineal descendant of Cuthbert Hayhurst, of Yorkshire, England, who came to this country in the good ship Welcome in 1682. He was born in Langhorne, Bucks county, Pa , September 21, 1856, received a common school education, which he has supplemented by some private instruction and much reading, and read law in the office of Charles A. Skillman, of Lambertville, N. J. He was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney in Febru- 38 TlIK .H'DICIAL AND ("IVII, lIISToKV (>F NKW JKRSKY. ary, ISSO, and as ct)unsclt)r in I'cbniary, IH8:{, and has served as city attorney of Lanibertville for five years, and is at present prosecutor of the j)leas for Hunterdon county, X. J. Mr. Havhurst is the author of Genealogical .Sketches oi Hunterdon County and a valuable contributor to the Hunterdon Historical Society. He married Miss Florence M., daughter of C. I'rank and Mary C. (Blackwell) Moore. Wii I. C. Hk.\I)I,kv, Newark, born in Brooklyn, N. V , June'^i."), 185:5, only son of John Stiles and Sarah A. (Courter) Headley. In 1857 he removed with his parents to the part of Union known as Headleytown. his father partly by purchase and partly by inheritance having obtained about eighty acres of land, a portion of the original Headley homestead farm at Vaux Hall, Union county, X. J. He was educated in the pub- lic schools of Unionville (Headleytown) and Springfield, Union county, and St. Stephen School, Millburn, X. J.; read law in the offices of Hon. John Whitehead and Samuel Morrow, jr., of Newark, and was admitted to the bar of this .State at Trenton, as attorney at the Novem- ber term, 1STkok El wood Ci n mi k, Newark, l)t>rn on uif i ui i>t March, 18(»H, in Newark, N. J., is a son of l^dward Swain and Uretta (Van Kurcn) Clvnicr, and was educated in the public and private schools of his na- tive city, (^n February IG, 1880, he bcj^an the study of law in the office of Judj^^e James D. Cleaver and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey at Trenton as attorney at the February term, 1890, and as counselor at the same term in 1893. He was manaj^Hng clerk for Hayes & Lambert till April, 1891, and since then has been enj^aj^^ed in the practice of his profession in Newark, beinj,^ employed for three years as extra counsel to the comjitroller's department of the city of Newark under the Martin Act. He is counsel for the Board of Health, and secretary of the Park Avenue Protective Association of East Orange, N. J., where he resides, and is connected with the Fra/.er Lee will case in Union county and P>edford will case, now ])endinjTf in the Essex County Orphan's Court. Mr. Clymer is a descendant of Georjjc Clymer, who was born in Philadelphia in 1739. The latter was one of the signers of the Dec claration of Independence, an active patriot durinj,^ the Revolutionary war, and founder of the first bank in North America. R.wroN Pv. HoKToN, Paterson, bf)rn in Chaumont, Jefferson couniy, N. Y., March 7, 1869, is a son (jf George H. Morton, received a public school education in his native town, and fmi.shcd his literary studies at Cazenovia Seminary in Madison county. He read law with Eugene Emley and was admitted to the New Jersey bar in June, 1S92. John Hoim'KR, Paters(jn, born on the homestead farm of his father in the township of Lodi, Bergen county, N. J., March t>, 1814, is a .son of John J. and Maria (Terhune) Hopper and a descendant of a family who were among the oldest settlers in New Jersey. His father, who died in 1833, was a successful and enterprising farmer during his life- time; his farm, comprising about 300 acres, extended from Pollifly to Saddle River, and was occupied by his son, Jacob, until his death in 1889. John Hopper, the sixth of nine children, was brought up on the homestead farm, and received an early education at the old Washingtcm Academy, Hackensack, and at Lafayette Academy of the same place. He was prepared for college under the Rev. JohnCroes, who conducted BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 11 a classical school in Paterson, and by Thomas McGahagan, at the old, academy at Bergen Town, now Hudson City. He entered the soph- omore class of Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N, J., in 1830, and three years later was graduated from that institution, dividing the sec- ond honor of his class with Robert H. Pruyn, of Albany, subsequently minister to Japan. Since 1851 he has been one of the trustees of Rutgers. After his graduation he entered upon the study of law in the office of Gov. Peter D. Vroom, in Somerville, N. J., and remained there two years. He completed the study of law in the office of Elias B. D. Ogden, in Paterson, and on September 8, 1836, was licensed by the Supreme Court at Trenton as an attorney at law and solicitor in chan- cery. On February 27, 1840, he was licensed a counselor at law. He had already (November 10, 1836) formed a partnership with his pre- ceptor at Paterson, and the firm of Ogden & Hopper did a successful business until the senior member was elected to the bench of the Su- preme Court. Mr. Hopper continued the business and in 1869 took his son, Robert L. , into partnership. He has been called repeatedly to fill public positions and has dis- charged the duties of office with uniform fidelity and success. He was town counsel of Paterson from 1843 to 1847; surrogate of Passaic county for two consecutive terms, 1845-55; counsel to the Board of Chosen Freeholdtrs from 1855 to 1864; and prosecutor of the pleas of Passaic county from 1863 to 1868 and again from 1871 to 1874. He served as State senator from Passaic county from 1868 to 1871, and again from 1874 to 1877. In March, 1877, Governor Bedle appointed him judge of the District Court of Paterson and he continued in that office until January 8, 1887, when he resigned and was appointed by Governor Abbett to the office of president judge of the Court of Com- mon Pleas, Orphans' Court and Quarter Sessions of Passaic county for the unexpired term of Absalom B. Woodruff, deceased. He was re- appointed to this office by Governor Green on March 15, 1887, and again appointed on April 1, 1887, for the full term of five years. On April 1, 1892, he was reappointed by Governor Abbett. He was ap- pointed one of the advisory masters in chancery in 1879 by Chancellor Runyon, and has held a number of other positions incidental to his profession. Judge Hopper was married on June 16, 1840, to Mary A., daughter of the late Robert Imlay, a former merchant of Philadelphia. Fifty I 42 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL IlISTOIiY (iK NEW JERSEY. \L.ii- .iiicrward he celebrated his j^niklen wedtliii}^^ in tlic same house in which he had been married, and which liad been his residence for half a century: the occasion was one which brouj^dU toj^ether a larj^^c num- ber of the most pnmiinent men of the State. Six of his children are livinjj, viz.: John II., a silk manufacturer; Robert Imlay, a law partner of his father; Mary A., widow of Frank W. Potter, formerly U. S. consul to Marseilles; James Burling, of Parkersbury:, W. Va. ; Miss Caroline Imlay; and Margaret Imlay, wife of John T. Boyd, now residing in Brookline, near Boston, Mass. As might have been expected from his Dutch ancestry. Judge IIoj)- per was one of the earliest members of the Holland Society of New York, having been chosen in lS8(j, and since 1889 has been one of the vice presidents of that organization. Before he was entitled to a vote, and ever since, he has been an active member of the Democratic party, serving on the State Committee many years, and has repeatedly repre- sented New Jersey in the national conventions of his party. He was one of the original stockholders of the Paterson and Ramapo Railroad Company, owners of the line between Paterson and Ramapo, which is lea.sed and operated by N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. Co., and has been secretarv and treasurer of the first named company since its incorpora- tion in 1S42. During the entire time that Judge Hopper was engaged in the prac- tice of his pn^fession he was recognized as a lawyer of ability, not only well read, but possessed of those mental faculties that conduce to the attainment of success. He was engaged in a large number of the most important cases tried in the vState courts, and brought to the dis- charge of his professional duties a certain urbanity of manner, com- bined with an incisiveness of thought and a clearness of exposition, that almost uniformly led to decisions in favor of his clients. He has already been recognized as one of the most foremost lawyers of the State. As a legislator he earned laurels which might well excite the envy of his fellows, and wcnild undoubtedly have done so towards a person less popular than Senator Hoi)per. His elevation to the bench was hailed by all not only as a recognition of the eminent services he had rendered his party, but as a just tribute to the man who had done so much towards maintaining the dignity of his i^rofession by an ever straightforward course. As a judge of the county courts he has gained the respect of all and the gratitude especially of the younger members of the bar, whom he is ever ready by means of kind words and advice to direct into the proper paths so familiar to himself. SAMUEL W. BHLUON, BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 43 William Howard, Elizabeth, born in Brooklyn, N. J., August 14, 1840, is a son of Horatio N. and Cornelia (Finley) Howard, and re- ceived a good public school education. In 1852 he removed with his parents to Somerset county, N. J., near Plainfield. In the fall of 18(39 he removed to Rah way, N. J., where he engaged in the grocery busi- ness, and since that time, in addition to his public duties, has continued the business, being among the leading grocers in the cit}', and having- during that time held many offices of public trust in addition to those herein mentioned. He was a member of the Chosen Board of Free- holders of Union county, N. J., for ten years, has served as a member of the Common Council of Railway, and in 1894 was elected county clerk of Union county b}" a handsome majority, being the first Repub- lican elected to that important office since the formation of Union county. In 1864 Mr. Howard enlisted in Co. I, 39th Regt. N. J. Vol. Inf., par- ticipated in the battles of Hatcher's Run and Petersburg, and was present at the final surrender of Lee. In 1872 Mr. Howard married Miss Merrick, youngest daughter of David P. Merrick, of Rah way, N. J. He has three sons living, the eldest being twenty-one years of age and now engaged with his father in the above business. James Edward Howell, Newark, born in Wantage township, Sussex county, N. J., is a son of William C. and Julia A. Howell, was grad- uated from the Law Department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1870, and read law at that institution and also in the office of Coult & Blarcom, of Newton. He was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney in February, 1872, and as counselor in June, 1880, and is a member of the firm of Coult & Howell. Abraham T. Huff, Somerville, born at Neshanic in Somerset county, N. J., June 23, 1836, is the only son of Tunis and Maria (Quick) Huff, and a lineal descendant, in the sixth generation, of Pieter Hof, who set- tled in the county of Somerset prior to 1705 and was a large owner of real estate in this country as early as 1707. His father was a success- ful bridge builder. Mr. Huff was graduated from Rutgers College in 1855. In 1867 he was elected to the Legislature, and in 1887 and again in 1892 he was chosen surrogate of Somerset county. His wife, Phoebe H , was a daughter of Rev. Gabriel Ludlow, D.D., and Susan Rapel- yea. Alfred Hugg, Camden, son of William and Keziah K. Hugg, was TMK .irnicfAr, and civii. iiist(ii:v ok nkw .ikrsky. Ddiii 111 \. .luiutu v...u.n>. .. J., Aujjust '^t.. ...-■. ami received his edu- cation in the private schools of the city of Camden and Philadelphia. He read law in the oHice of William N. JelTcrs in the city of Camden and was admitted to the practice of the law by the Supreme Court of New Jerscv as an attorney at law at the October term in the year lS4i». and as counselor in June, 1853. He has held the ofhces of city clerk, city treasurer and city solicitor of the city of Camden, and was appointed president judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the county of Camden by (iov. Robert S. (ireen and held the otTice for the term of five years. In his early manhood he was appointed to the office of prosecutor of the pleas of the county of Atlantic, X. 1., by Gov. Joel Parker, and again by Gov. Theodore F. Randolph and held the .same for a period of four years. He has also held the office of clerk of the Board of Freeholders of the county of Camden. In the years 181)2, 1803 and part of 1894 he served in the capacitv of counsel for the Board of Freeholders of the county of Cam- den. In every office in which he .served he was an able, faithful and efficient officer and filled the same with ability and distinction. Barton Bf.llangee Hutchinson, Trenton, was born in Allentown, Monmouth county, X. J.. June 10, 18(i0, son of Charles R. and Mary Coward Hutchinson. He was educated in the public schools and studied law in the office of Holt & Brother at Trenton. He was ad- mitted to the bar as an attorney at Trenton, at the June term, ISHI, and as a counselor at the June term, 1884. He was elected to the Assembly from Mercer county in 181*1 and IxO'i. He has been presi- dent of the Board of Trade of Trenton. He married at Xew Kgypt, X. J., October 1, 188'), Sarali M. Hulme. dau-hter of John L. and Anna Meirs Hulme. SvMMKs B. Hutchinson, Trenton, was bcjrn in Trenton (Hamilton township), September 2, 1851, son of George A. Hutchinson and Ida V, Hutchinson, His great-grandfather. George Anderson, was vice- president of the State Council in 1800. He was graduated from Prince- ton College, and studied law with Hon. Edward T. Green at Trenton. His admi.ssion to the bar as attorney occurred in February, 1870, and as counselor in February, 1882. He has been townshij) attorney, solic- itor of Wilburborough, and county counsel of Mercer county; in 1880- 87 he was a member of the Xew Jersey Hou.se of Assembly. He was one of the managers of the impeachment trial of Patrick H. Lavcrty. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 45 His literary work consists chiefly in the compilation of a Manual of Laws Relating to Counties of the Second Class. He was married at Alilford, Conn., June 1-4, 1893, to Elizabeth Street, daughter of Henry Street, M. D., and Elizabeth (Allen) Street, of New Haven, Conn. George Trenchard Ingham, Atlantic City, born in Salem, N. J., June 19, 1839, is the son of Jonathan Ingham, of Ingham Spring, Bucks county. Pa., and Harriet Howell Sinnickson, his wife, of Salem. He attended the academies at Salem and Trenton, was graduated from Union College at Schenectady, N.Y., A. B. in 1860, M. A., 1864, and was commissioned first lieutenant of Co I, 4th N. J. Militia, April 25, 1861, and first lieutenant in the 11th United States Infantry, May 14, 1861. He was aid-de-camp to General George Sykes, commanding the regular division in the Fifth Corps of the Army of the Potomac, in 1862, 1863, 1864, and resigned August 9, 1864, on account of injuries received in service on the field. He was brevetted major in the United vStates army ISIarch 13, 1867. He read law in Salem with Clement H. Sinnickson and was admitted at Trenton as attorney in June, 1880, and as counselor in June, 1883. He became master in chancery December 18, 1880; supreme court commissioner February 27, 1884; examiner in chancery April 16, 1889; special master. May 1, 1889, and United States commissioner September 27, 1892. Charles Henry Ivins, Red Bank, born at Rumson Neck, N. J., INIay 25, 1855, is the son of Charles E and Elizabeth (Carpenter) Ivins, and spent his early life in farming, securing an education and teaching. He attended "Friends New England Boarding School," in Providence, R. I., for three years, taught the public school at Little Silver, N. J., one year, studied law with R. Allen, jr., and John F. Hawkins, and was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney at the February term, 1884, and as counselor at the same term in 1891. He has served as member of assembly two terms (1890 and 1891); was twice appointed, prosecutor of the pleas on account of the illness of Prosecutor Charles Haight (October term, 1890, and January term, 1891); and on the death of Mr. Haight was appointed to that position by Governor Abbett on August 5, 1891. On January 18, 1892, he was appointed prosecutor by Governor Abbett and confirmed by the Senate for a full term of five years. December 1, 1885, Mr. Ivins was married at Red Bank, N. J., to Miss Annie P., daughter of Rev. F. R. and Ellen B. (Potts) Harbaugh. 4G THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTOKV (>K NKW JKRSKY. EnwAki) WiMii.sKV Jai ksus, Newark, born in Iklkvillc, N. J., Oct<»- ber l.'l, 18G1. is the son (jf William and IClizabelh (HrinckcrhofT) Jackson, and a jjrandson of Peter Jackson, of Aecjuackanonk. lie was educated at the College of (Jeneva, Switzerland, and at Heidelberg, (iermany, and on his return home became identified with political affairs. He was treasurer of the Borou;;h Commission of Belleville in 18H,S, member of the New Jersey Legislature in 1S90 and 18iH, rejiresenting the l'21ev- enth Assembly District of Essex county, member of the County Board of Election from 1K1)2 to 1H'.>5 inclusive, and one of the Park Commis- sioners of Essex county in 1804. In the fall of 18I>4 he was elected surrogate for the county of Essex for five years. He resides in liclle- villc. N. J. Wilson IIavw akd Jf.nkins, Camden, son of Adam Hubley and Mar- garet (Glover) Jenkins, was born in Waterbury, S. C. November 0, 1840. He attended the Arsenal School in Columbia and the Citadel School in Charleston in his native State. He read law in the office of Richard S. Jenkins and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in 1874 and as counselor in 1877. He has served as prosecutor of the ])leas two terms. Amcmg the several important trials with which he has been identified was the somewhat celebrated Hunter murder ca.se. John S. Jissri', Woodbury, was born in Harrison township, Glouces- ter county, X. J.. August 28, 1842, a son of Jo.seph and Mary Jessup. He was graduated from Princeton College in June, 18C»5, served a clerkship of two years in the law office of Hon. Frederick T. Freling- huysen, of Newark, and spent one year in Harvard Law School. He was admitted as attorney to the bar of New Jersey at the June term, 18G8, and as counselor at the same term in 1871. Wii.i.iAM M. Johnson, Hackensack, was born in Newton, Sussex county, N, J., December 2, 184'. His mother, whose maiden name was Ellen Green, was a sister of Hon. Henry Green, justice of the Su- preme Court of Pennsylvania. His father, Whitfield S. Johnson, was born in Newton, N. J., iu isOO, studied law in the ofTice of Chief Justice Hornblower at Newark, was admitted as attorney in 182- and subse- quently as counselor, and practiced his ])rofession in Newton. He was prosecutfir of the pleas for .Sussex county for several terms, and was appointed secretary of State by Governor Dlden in 18(;i, removed to Trenton, and served in that capacity until 18(10. He was ajjpointed register in bankruptcy in ISO?, and died at Trenton on December 24, BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 47 1874. William M. Johnson was educated in the Trenton Model School, was o;raduated from Princeton College in the class of 1867, and read law in Trenton with Judge E. W. Scudder until the latter's appoint- ment to the bench, and afterwards with G-. D. W. \"room. He was admitted to the bar at Trenton as attorney in 1870 and as counselor in 1873, and practiced his profession in that city in the firm of Kingman & Johnson until 1874:, when he removed to Hackensack, where he has since resided and prosecuted a successful legal business. In the fall of 1895 he was elected State senator from Bergen county. Abner Kalisch, Newark, born in Cleveland, Ohio, September 2, 1853, is a son of Rev. Isidor Kalisch, D.D,, and Charlotte his wife. He was educated in Leavenworth, Kan., under the direction of his distin- guished father. After graduating from the Law School of Columbia College in 1874, he studied law with his brother, Samuel Kalisch, in Newark, N. J., and was admitted to the New York bar May 9, 1874. He was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney June 9, 1875, and as counselor in United States Court October 6, 1876. He commenced the practice of his profession in Newark, making a specialty of criminal law. In 1881 he was assigned by the court to the defense of James Graves for homicide; this case became a noted one, not only in New Jersey, but throughout the country, and ]\Ir. Kalisch was much complimented for his skill and ability in handling- it. He has also been connected with many others of noteworthy importance, such as the Kissam and Chisholm homicide cases. Notwithstanding his extensive practice Mr. Kalisch has found leisure to devote himself to literature and art. He is an accomplished linguist, and his well selected library, one of the finest in New Jersey, contains both the standard and the best foreign works in the original. He is an inde- fatigable collector of old prints and engravings. Mr. Kalisch takes no part in active politics, but belongs to several clubs and is a 32d degree Mason, being worshipful master of Oriental Lodge No. 51, F. & A. M.. and a member of Harmony Chapter No. 9, and Mecca Mystic Shrine of New York. Frank S. Katzenbach, Jr , Trenton, son of Frank S. and Augusta (Mushbach) Katzenbach, was born in Trenton on the 5th day of No- vember, 1868. He was graduated from the State Model School at Trenton in 1885 and from Princeton College in 1889, and read law in his native city in the offices of James Buchanan and Carroll Robbins. 48 THK Jl'DiriAl. AND CIVIL HISTOKY OF NKW JKRSP^' He Hnished his Icj^-^al studies at C'oluiiibia College Law School in New York city and was admitted as an attorney in New Jersey at the No- vember term, 189*2. and as counselor at the November term, 181)5. Ernkst Ferdinand Kf.er, Newark, born November 1, 1870, in Newark. N. ]., is a son of Julius and Josephine M. A. Keer, and was educated at the University of the City of New York. He read law with Louis Hood and later with McCarter, Williamson & McCarter, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney at the June term of the Supreme Court in 1803. Thomas H. Kei.i.kv, Jersey City, born in the city of New York, on the 14th of March, 1855, was the son of Thomas and Mary Kelley, and received his education in JSS. John and Xavier College. He read law in the office of William McAdoo and was graduated from Columbia Law School in 1880, being admitted to the New York bar immediately afterward. In February, 1801, he was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney. He was member of assembly in 1885, deputy col- lector of internal revenue of Jersey City from June, 1885, to 1888, and collector of customs at that port from 1888 till 1801, positions he filled with ability and credit. He has since died. Timothy M.\nsi ikld Ki-.i.i.y, Elizabeth, born in Ireland, June 24, 1802, came with his parents, John and Annie Kelly, to America when ten years old, and was educated in Cooper Union Institute in New York City. He read law in the offices of Gen. J. Augustus Fay, jr., and Judge T. F. McCormick, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney in June, 1878, and as counselor in June, 1801. In 1803 he was member of assembly from the First district of Union county. John Francis Kkrr, Paterson, born in Scranton, Pa., April 30, 1857, is a son of Hugh and Josephine \'. (Tynan) Kerr, attended public schools in Massachusetts and New Jersey and Manhattan College, and was graduated from Seton Hall College in South Orange, N. J., in June, 1876. Jidy 15 of the same year he entered the law office of Hon. H. A. Williams, ex-senator from Passaic county, and was ad mitted to the bar of this State as attorney at the November term, 1870, and as a counselor in June, 1883. In every political campaign since 1876 he has been active as a Democratic speaker. He was mem- of assembly from the Second district of Passaic county in 1800 and 1801 and was judge of the Paterson District Court from April 1, 1801, (J^tu/ y/L-f--<^ jt^ '^ f BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 49 to April 1, 1896. While in the Legislature he served as chairman of the Committee on Elections, and as member of the Committees on the Judiciary and Bill Revision, and as member of the Special Committee on Ballot Reform, being one of the committee appointed to frame that law. Mr. Kerr conducts a general law practice, but makes a specialty of obtaining American and European patents. Elmer King, Morristown, born on the 4th day of November, 1870, in Stanhope, N. J., is a son of Owen W. and Maria King, and was ed- ucated in the Netcong public schools and for three years under private tutelage. He read law in Morristown, N. J., with Judge Willard W. Cutler and was admitted to the bar at Trenton as attorney at the No- vember term, 1892, and as counselor at the November term, 1895. He is deputy surrogate of Morris county under ^Surrogate George Pierson. wSeptember 5, 1894, Mr. King was married to Miss Ellen Elizabeth, daughter of William H. and Addie P. (Losee) Stackhouse. • The most important case in which Mr. King has been interested is the case of Thomas O. Bullock vs. D., L. & W. R. R. Co. for the dis- possessing plaintiff of packages carried into car of railroad defendant, and the carrying of same into U. S. Express car; a large judgment was obtained for plaintiff. Walter Kip, Passaic, born in Bergen county, N. J., on the 23d of March, 1853, is a son of Walling and Ann (Van Blavern) Kip, and was graduated from Rutgers College in the class of 1875. He read law with Cornelius S. See, was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in June, 1878, and in 1895 became corporation attorney of the city of Passaic. Mr. Kip makes a specialty of real estate law. William J. Kraft, Camden, born in Camden, N. J., February 20, 1870, is a son of Jacob and Catherine (Engel) Kraft. He is of German descent, his paternal grandfather being a Lutheran divine. He re- ceived a public school education, read law. in his native city with Judge Howard Carrow, and was admitted to practice as attorney at the Feb- ruary term, 1891, and as counselor at the same term in 1894. March 7, 1891, he was made master in chancery by Chancellor McGill. Mr. Kraft is an active Democrat, solicitor for Pennsauken township, Camden county, has been connected with several important criminal and civil cases, and is one of the counsel for the New Jersey Trust and G 50 THK .TrniClAL and civil history of new JERSEY. Sate Dcpusil Li'. June O, l.^'.'t, iic was adinillLHl as alloniuy ami coun- selor t() the United States District and Circuit Courts for New Jersey. He was married on April t>r, 1S92, to Miss Rose S. Pfeiffer, sister (jf U. S, Marshal PfeitTer, and has one cliild, Hayard Randolpli Kraft, aged two years. RuH.\Ki) S. Kriii, was born near Fleniinj^ton, X. )., Auj^ust '^4, 1839, son of Leonard P. Kuhl. He received his education at Lawrence- ville. and read law in the offce of Bennet Van Syckel. He was ad- mitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in 1805, and as counselor in 18«;8, and from 1887 to 1891 served as presiding judge of the Hunterdon County Court of Common Pleas. In 1803 he was elected to the vState Senate by a handsome majority. Martin AV. Lank, Millville, born at White House, Hunterdon county, N. J., November 22, 1858, is a son of Andrew -and Margaret (WyckofF) Lane, and was graduated from Rutgers College in June, 1881. He studied law in Newark in the offices of McCarter, Williamson cV Mc- Carter, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney in No- vember, 1884. William M. Lanning, Trenton, was born in l'>wingville, Mercer county, N. J., January 1, 1840. His earliest ancestor of whom any record is preserved settled on Long Island, from whom Robert Lan- ning was descended, whose name appears in the History of Western New Jersey in 1G98, and from that date the family is traceable in that section of the State to the present time. William 'SI. Lanning received a high school education, and after grad- uation taught for a time in the Trenton Academy. His law studies were prosecuted with George A. Anderson and Gen. Edward L. Camp- bell, and he was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in 1880, and as a counselor in 1883. In 188G-87 he was solicitor of the city of Trenton, and from 1888 to 1801 he occupied the office of judge of the District Court. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention f)f the State of New Jersey in 1804. In 1886, in collaboration with Garret D, W. Vroom, he published a supplement to the revision of the laws of New Jersey; his peculiar fitness for the task, as evidenced by his pre- vious work, induced the appointment by act of Legislature of himself and Mr. Vroom to compile and publish all the general .statutes of the State now in force. RuLiK V. Lawrence, I'^rccliold, snn of laeob C. and Elizabetli (Wool- 1 BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 51 ley) Lawrence, was born in Freehold, N. J., April 29, 1871. He received his education at the Freehold High School and in the Freehold Institute, read law in the office of F. P. McDermott, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in February, 1893, and counselor in 1896, and is a master and examiner in chancery. Jacob Spicer Leaking, Cape May City, born in Cape May, N. J., November 16, 1853, is a son of Jacob and Maivina (Eldredge) Leam- ing. He attended Pennington Seminary, and was graduated from Dickinson College in 1874. He is a lineal descendant of Aaron Learn- ing and Jacob Spicer, of the Leaming & Spicer Grants and Concessions. He read law with Hon. F. Carroll Brewster, of Philadelphia, and was admitted to the bar of Pennsylvania in 1875. He practiced in Phila- delphia until 1887, when he removed to Cape May, 1887, and was ad- mitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in 1887, and as counselor in November, 1893. He has practiced law in Cape May City since 1888, and has been corporation council for two terms during that period. The Leaming family has been prominent in the politics of Cape May since New Jersey became a State, probably representing the county at least one-fourth of the time in either one or the other branch of the Legislature. Francis Bazley Lee, Trenton, is the only son of Benjamin Fisler and Annabella Willson (Townsend) Lee, and was born in Philadelphia, Pa., January 3, 1869. The Lee family is of Scotch-Irish descent. Francis Lee, the original American immigrant, was a justice of the Chester county (Pa.) courts early in the present century, while Thomas Lee, grandfather of Francis B., served as congressman from the First dis- trict of New Jersey during President Jackson's administration. Ben- jamin F. Lee is clerk of the New Jersey Supreme Court. The Town- sends descend from John Townsend, high sheriff of Cape May county in the latter part of the seventeenth century. Francis Bazley Lee attended a seminary in Trenton and also the Lawrenceville school. He was graduated from the New Jersey State Model School in 1888, being class poet. In October, 1885, he estab- lished The Signal, the official organ of the State schools. In 1888 he entered the Wharton vSchool of Finance and Political Economy of the University of Pennsylvania, where he was associate editor of the Pennsylvanian and " Ivy " poet, and received a certificate of proficiency from that institution in 1890. After a European trip he read law in the .V2 THE jrniciAi. and (•i\ii, history of new jersey. office ot lion. . W . \ m, <•! rn.:iii..n, aiul in 1H0(»-'.»1 took a special course in Enj^lish literature at the University of Pennsylvania. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney in June, 1893, and from July of that year till May, 1804, assisted the city solicitor of Trenton, Edwin R. Walker. In June, 18!)(i, Mr. Lee was admitted as counselor at law. Mr. Lee has been a member of the Board of Mana- gers of the New Jersey State Charities Aid since December, 18!»:5, and is one of the secretaries of the Revisioners of the Public Statutes of New Jersey. lie is a member of the New Jersey and Pennsylvania Historical Societies, the American Academy of Political and Social Science, the American Dialect and New York Medico- Legal Societies, the American Numismatic and Archeological Society, is corresponding secretary of the New Jersey Society Sons of the Revolution; a mana- ger of the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania; president of the Alumni Society of the New Jersey State Scho51s; recording secretary of the Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey; and ex-archon of the first district Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. In April, 1805, he was appointed by Governor Werts a member of the committee to examine the penal laws of New Jersey and other States and report to the Legis- lature. He is the author of numerous papers and works of more than local interest. Among them have been a " Memorial of George White Worman," University of Pennsylvania, Law, 1888, issued in 1800; "Supreme Court of New Jersey," Medico-Legal Journal, March, 1802; series of articles on colonial laws, legislation, and customs, N. J. Law Journal, LSOl-05; Colonial Jersey Coinag'?, ISICJ; Agricultural Im- provement in vSouthern New Jersey, 1804; " Jerscyisms," 1804; His- tory of Trenton, 1805; History of the Cireat Seal of New Jersey, in Zieber's American Heraldry ; Translation of the Constitution of Belgium, historical preface, proceedings of the New York Constitutional Conven- tion; Outline History of the Com])ilations and Revisions of the Colony and State of New Jersey, I7l7-180r., in the (ieneral Statutes of New Jersey, published under authority of the Legislature. ISOt;; and various articles on local history, law and economics. June 12, 1804, Mr. Lee was married to Mi.ss Sara Stretch Eayre, of Vincentown, N. J., only child of Capt. George Stretch Eayre and Marie Burr Bryan. Capt. Eayre was commander of the Colorado Independent Battery during the late war. Mrs. Lee is a lineal descendant of Col. Timothy Matlack, the "Fighting Quaker" of the Revolution. EowiN A. S. Lkwis, Hoboken, born in Pau, France, March 15, 1870, BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 53 is the son of Edward Parke Custis and Mary P. Lewis, and was grad- uated from Princeton College in the class of 1891. After graduating from college he entered the New York Law School and graduated in June, 1893. He was admitted to the New York bar in the spring of 1893, and to the bar of New Jersey in June, 1894, serving his clerk- ship in the law office of Parsons, Shepard & Ogden, of New York city, and in the law office of J. C. & vS. A. Besson of Hoboken, N. J. Henry Watson Lewis, Atlantic City, born in Lewiston, N. C, No- vember 9, 1868, is a son of Watson and Anna F. (Crichlow) Lewis, at- tended the Bingham School, and was graduated from the University of North Carolina June 7, 1888, and from the law department of that institution in 1891. He was admitted to the North Carolina bar as attorney and counselor September 26, 1891, and to the bar of New Jer- sey as attorney November 7, 1895. John Lilly, Lambertville, is a son of Dr. Samuel and Mary Ellen (Coryell-Torbert) Lilly, and was born in Lambertville, N. J., July 20, 1851. The family in America descends from Samuel Lilly, ap attorney by profession, who came to the LTnited States from England in 1794, studied theology in Albany, N. Y., while teaching school there, was ordained an Episcopal clergyman by Bishop Benjamin Moore, of New York, and became rector of St. John's church, Elizabeth, N. J. John Lilly read law in Flemington, N. J., in the offices of Bennet Van Syckel and John N. Voorhees, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in July, 1872, and as counselor in July, 1875. He was city attorney of Lambertville in 1885. His w'ife, Lavilla, is a daugh- ter of George S. Smith and Rebecca A. Cor}', of Atchison, Kansas, and has one son, William Lilly, born November 25, 1884. Richard Vliet Lindabury, Newark, born in Peapack, N. J., Octo- ber 13, 1850, is a son of Jacob H. and Mary Ann Lindabury, and was educated in the common schools of Somerset county. He read law in Somerville with Alvah A. Clark and was admitted before the Su- preme Court of New Jersey as attorney at the February term, 1874, and as counselor at the same term in 1877. He was counsel for the State in the Rockwell murder case at Toms River in 1886, the Race Track cases in 1892, and the Senatorial case in 1893; and one of the counsel for the defendants in the Cigarette Trust case, and for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in the National Docks crossing cases in 1895. He was also counsel for Mrs. Drayton in the Drayton divorce case. »,4 TlIK .irniClAl- AND CIVIL IIISToKV OF NKW JKRSKY. AoRiAN LvoN, Pertli Aniboy, born in IMuckaniin, X. J., July 2r», 1S0!», is a son of William L. and Ursula (Scbrin^) Lyon, read law with James S. Wi^ht, of Perth Amboy, and was j^naduated from the New York Law School in 1894. He was admitted to the bar of New Jer- sey, however, in lune, 18'Jti, and has served as sui)erintendent of pub- lic instruction and city attorney of Perth Amboy and rej,Mstrar of jjen- eral proprietors of East Jersey. May 8, 1895, Mr. Lyon was married to Miss Cornelia Post, daujjhter of John C Post, of Pa.ssaic, N. J. Thom.vs Fr.vncis McCoRMicK, Elizabeth, born in Elizabeth, N. J., August 1, 1844, is the son of John and Mary McCormick, attended >L-.nhattan College and Seton Hall, and was graduated from St. John's College on July 7, 18(;4. He read law with Sam D. Haines and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney at the November term, 1871, and as counselor at the same term in- 1874. He has served as attorney of Union county and as law judge since 1878, being first appointed by Governor McClellan, reappointed in 1883 by Governor Ludlow, appointed in 1888 by Governor Green and reappointed for the fourth tinie in 1893 by Governor Werts. Mr. McCormick has been con- nected as counsel with many important law cases, notably the Railroad vStrikes of 187G, and several very important will cases have been tried before him, notably the E. G. Brown will case, the Latimer will case, the Tucker case, and others. JosEi'H A. Ml CkEKRv, Hoboken, read law with MeCarter & Keen, of Newark, and was admitted to the bar as attt-rney in November, 1870, and as coun.selor in November, 1879. He is master in cliaiiccrv. and practices his profession in Hoboken. Ai.i.AN La.nudon McDf.rmott, Jersey City, born in South Boston, Mass., March 30, 1854, is the son of Hugh F. and Anne J. McDermott, and came to this State with his i)arents in 185(1. He was educated in Bigelow School in Boston and at the I'niversity of tlic city of New York, read law with Hon. Leon Abbctt and H«)n. Alfred B. Dayton, of Jei'sey City, and was graduated fr(jm the law department of the New York City University in May, 1877, being admitted to the bar there as attorney and counselor in June of that year. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in November, 1877, and as counselor in June, 1881. In April, 1879, he was appointed corporation attorney of Jersey City and filled that office until he resigned, in 18S3, to accept the appointniL-nt of district court judge by Governor Ludlow, which he A^<^ ex/ cr /\y ry-x.e-«^^<^ BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 55 held for three years. He was a member of the State Board of As- sessors in 1884-86, clerk in chancery since 1886, served as member of the Constitutional Convention of 1894, and as a Democrat was nominated by the Legislature in 1895 for United States senator. He was also member of assembly from the Fourth district of Hudson county in 1880 and 1881 and president of the Jersey City Board of Finance and Taxa- tion in 1884-86. From 1886 to 1895 he was chairman of the Demo- cratic State Committee, and has frequently filled important positions in the conventions and councils of his party. Judge McDannott has been connected with such notable cases in- volving" questions of municipal law as those reported in 13 Vroom, 94, 118, 575; 14 Vroom, 135, 453; 15 Vroom, 156, 626; 16 Vroom, 246, 256, 480; 17 Vroom, 158, 194, 297; Farrier vs. Dugan, 18 Vroom, 368; Conger vs. Comery, 23 Vroom, 417, and 24 Vroom, 468, 658; Millburn vs. South Orange, 26 Vroom, 254; Owens vs. Fonly, do, 1; State vs. Woegtson, 27 Vroom, 126; Storage Co. vs. State, do, 389; vState vs. Rogers, do, 480: Alexander vs. Elizabeth, do, 72; counsel for defend- ant in the Robb vs. Thompson case, in which the verdict for defend- ant was sustained on rule to Supreme Court, vesting the title to shore front of Gloucester city in his client; Chandler vs. Day, 27 Vroom, 682; counsel for appellants in Dempsey Will case (14 N. J. L. J. 259), Mc- Dermott vs. Evening Journal, 14 Vroom, 489, and McDermott vs. Jer- sey City, 27 Vroom, 273. He was engaged in journalistic work from 1872 to 1877, and for many years has been a valued contributor to the press. Frank Pierce McDermott, Freehold, son of William and Lydia E. (Thompson) McDermott, was born at Tennent, N. J., October 23, 1854, and received his education at the Freehold Institute. He read law with Acton C. Hartshorne and ex-Judge Chilion Robbins and was ad- mitted to the New Jersey bar at Trenton at the Novemberterm, 1875, and as counselor at the same term in 1878. He was a commissioner of the town of Freehold for four years and has since represented the town in its litigation. Among the many cases in which he has appeared as counsel in the court of the last resort Blatchford vs. Conover, 13 Stew., 205, and Brown vs. De Groff, 21 Vroom, 409, are noteworthy. Mr. McDer- mott, in 1894, opened an office in Jersey City where a portion of his time is spent. On March 11, 1880, Mr. McDermott was married to Miss Anna Eliza- 56 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HL^ToUV OK NEW JERSEY. beth, daujjhtcr of J()sc'])h C. and Elizabeth R. (Combs) Thomjis. ■;.. ... Tenncnl. N. J. Fi.Avi I M.iiii. Jersey City, born in Frelinghuysen townshij), War- ren county, N. J., April G, 1H44, is the son of Rev. William C. and Anna Sherrerd (Clark) McCiee, attended school at Newton and Hlairs- ton, N. J , and was ;^raduated from Princeton College in lSGr>. While in that institution he joined Clio Hall and won several first prizes in debate, and since his graduation has delivered numerous orations and addresses on patrit)tic occasions or at college reunifjns. His maternal great-grandfather, Joseph Clark, while a student at Princeton, withdrew and enlisted in the Continental army early in the Revolutionary war and rose rapidly to the rank of quartermaster bv the appointment of General Washington. Near the close of the war he returned to college and was v^raduated in ITSl, was or- dained a clergyman of the Presbyterian church at New Brunswick, and died there, a trustee of his alma mater, in 1.'-!1.'5 His son, John Flavcl Clark, was graduaced from Princeton in 1807, became a tutor there, and later was a Presbyterian clergyman at Paterson, N. J., and Fish- kill, X. V. Rev. William C. McGee was graduated from Princeton College in is:}(j, was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in I.S41, presided for many years over the united churches of Hardwick and Marksboro, N. J., and died in 18G7. Flavel McGee was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in 18P8 and at the earliest ])ossible age as counselor, and later was admitted to practice in the U. S. District, Circuit, and Supreme Courts. In ISfJS he settled in jersey City. He is an ardent Republican and a member of the New Jersey llistorical Society, Unicni League Club of Hudson county, Princeton Club of New York, Society of the Sonsof the Amer- ican Revolution, and {Society of the Cincinnati. December 1, 180!», the law firm of Muirheid & Mc(iee was formed and in 1878 ex-Governor Joseph D. Bedle became a partner. In 1890 the latter's son, Joseph D., jr., and in ]81»t> another .son, Thomas F., were admitted to the firm, which is now known as Bedle, McGee & Bedle. Upon the death of Ju.stice Bradley Mr. McGee was recommended to the vacancy on the United States Suj^reme Court bench. He mar- ried a daughter of the late Judge B. F. Randolph, and is a ruling elder in the First Presbyterian church of Jersey City. WoQp McKee, Paterson, born in the city in which he now resides on ^ BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 57 the 10th of November, 18G6, is a son of James W. and Margaret (Bush) McKee, attended the high school of Paterson, and was graduated from McManus Seminary in 1883. His law studies were pursued in the of- fices of Henry E. Samuels and Hon. Francis Scott, and in November, 1888, he was admitted to the bar of this State. His practice is chan- cery and estates, being counsel of several large estates of Passaic county. George W. Macpherson, Trenton, son of Thomas J. and Ellen S. Macpherson, was born in Trenton on the 24th of November, 1856, was graduated from Trenton Academy in 1873, and prosecuted his legal studies in his native city in the office of \V. D. Holt, counselor at law. He was admitted in Trenton as attorney in November, 1878, and as counselor in November, 1881, and since the first named year has been in active practice. He has served as secretar}^ and president of the Board of Education and since 1890 has been a member of the Com- mon Council of Trenton. He was a member of the House of Assem- bly of the New Jersey Legislature for 1896, representing Mercer county therein, and is at present city counsel of the city of Trenton. Mr. Macpherson was married at Bridgeton, N. J., on October 25, 1882, to Miss Emma D. Bleu, daughter of Lehman and Lydia A. (Spence) Bleu, of that place. William J. Magie, Elizabeth, born in Elizabeth, Union county, N. J., December 9, 1832, is the son of Rev. David Magie, a native of the same town and for nearly forty-five years pastor of the Second Presby- terian church of that city. Mr. Magie was graduated from Princeton College in 1852, read law with the late Francis B. Chetwood, of Eliz- abeth, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in 1856 and as counselor in 1859. For six years he was associated in practice with his preceptor, Mr. Chetwood, and after practicing alone for a time he formed a co-partnership with Mr. Cross. In politics he is a staunch Republican. He was prosecutor of the pleas for Union county from 1869 to 1871, has been connected with the banks in Elizabeth and has acted as counsel to several corporations, and in 1875 was elected to the State Senate from his county for a term of three years. He was ap- pointed a. justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey by Governor McClelland in 1880, reappointed by Governor Green in 1887, and ap- pointed for the third time by Governor Werts in 1894. His district embraces the counties of Morris, Sussex and Somerset. OS THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL IJISTORV OF NEW JERSET. CkAii; A. Marsh, Plaintickl, born December 8, 1850, in Plainfielcl, X. )., the son of Warren and Kate II. Marsh, was ^nadiialed from Union Colley:e in 18T<;, and read hiw with Amzi Dodd and J. Hervey Ackerman. He was {graduated from CNjlumbia Law School in 187i», and in November of the same year wiis admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney and three years hiter as counselor. He has served as corporation counsel of the city of I'lainlield for fifteen years. Amonj^ the imiK)rtant cases with which he has been connected were Carrie B. Taylor vs. Plaintield Fire Department, resultinj;- in the dejiartment's charter being: declared unconstitutional; Joseph B. Jenninjjs vs. J, and as counselor June 0, 18T2, and began practice in Sussex county, but soon removed to Passaic. He has been connected as counsel with such important law cases as City of Passaic vs. Delaware, Lackawana & Western Railroad, 8 Vroom, pp. 13Tand 538, Court of Frrors; Acquackanook Water Com- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 59 pan}^ et al. vs. John Watson, 2 Stewart, 360; Acqnackanook Water Company vs. Manhattan Life Insurance Company, 9 Stewart, folio 580; and Van Blarcom vs. Dag-er, 4 Stewart, 783 ; Gregg vs. vStone, 22 Vroom, 549; Kastell vs. Hillman, 8 Dick., ch. 49. Eli AS F. MoKROwwas born near Deckertown, Sussex county, N. J., and was educated at Mount Retirement vSeminary, then a very popular educational institution in Northern New Jersey. At the early age of sixteen he began teaching school and, after two years spent as a teacher in Newton Collegiate Institute, he received an offer of five dollars for five recitations each day in Stamford Military Institute, Stamford, Conn., which he accepted. He was considered one of the most suc- cessful teachers of his day. In 1870 he began the study of law with Theodore Runyon, late am- bassador to Berlin, in whose office he remained as practitioner until General Runyon was made chancellor of New Jersey. He then opened an office by himself and speedily obtained a large and lucrative practice, his income the second year of his practice amounting to the sum of $3,007.32. Within one year after he was made counselor at law he argued cases both in the Supreme Court and the Court of Errors and Appeals and won them. He is considered a strong lawyer before a jury and one of the newspapers in commenting on his summing up said, "His address at times was very eloquent and pathetic." Mr. Morrow has never aspired to any political office. He occupies the same building in which he began the study of law twenty-six years ago. Holmes W. Murphy, Freehold, was born in Freehold, N. J., Novem- ber 28, 1822. His parents were Joseph and Alice (Holmes) Murphy, and he is a descendant of Timothy Murphy, who settled in Key port, N. J., about 1750. He attended Wesleyan University in Middletown, Conn., for a time, and was graduated from Princeton College with the class of 1842. Afterward he read law in Brooklyn, N. Y. , in the office of Hon. John Dikeman and in 1845 was admitted to the New York bar and in 1874 to the New Jersey bar. Mr. Murphy was clerk of the Mon- mouth county Board of Chosen Freeholders for fifteen years, and county clerk for ten years, and in 1881 was elected to the Assembly. He married Miss Lavina C. daughter of Daniel D. Swift, of Lancaster county. Pa. James Prentice Northrop, Jersey City, born in vSpringfield, Mass., CO TMK JI'DICIAI. AND CIVIL HISToKY OF NEW JERSEY. August 5, 1S5(;, is a son of James R. Northrop and Catherine S. Pren- tice, his wife. Receivinjj his education in the common schools of Con- necticut and Xew Jersey, he studied law in Jersey City in the offices of William A. Lewis, Raymond P, Wortendyke, and Wallis & Edwards, successively, and was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney at the November term, 18S0, and as counselor at the February term, 1H02. He was city attorney of Bayonne, N. J., two years, resides at North Planfield, and is a member of the law firm of Wallis, Edwards & Bum- sted, of Jersey City. Mr. Northrop is enpaj^ed in general practice, with preference for the Court of Chancery, general corporation and re- ceivership matters. John Dlkndokf, Jersey City, born June 14, 1848, in Albany, N. V., is a son of John Olendorf and Anna N. Loomis, his wife. He was grad- uated from Vale College, class of 1800, read law in Jersey City, with W^illiam A. Lewis, and was admitted before the Supreme Court of this State as attorney at the February term, 187»J, and as counselor \n No- vember, 1880. He maintains a law office in Jersey City and resides in Bound Brook, N. J., where he has served as a member of the Board of Education. S. Duncan Oliphant, Trenton, born at Franklin Forges, on the Youghiogheny River, Fayette county. Pa., in 1824, was graduated from Jefferson College in Washington county. Pa., in September, 1844, and from Harvard Law School at Cambridge, Mass., in July, 1847. He was admitted to the bar in Fayette county, Pa., in September, 184T, and in the fall of 1849 formed a copartnership with Hon. Thomas Williams, of Pittsburg, where he practiced his profession till the spring of 1852. He then, on account of his family's health, returned to Union- town, Fayette county. Pa., where he resumed and contiued his pro- fessional business until April, 1801. On the IKth of that month, having recruited a volunteer company of 100 men, he volunteered in the mili- tary service of the United Stales with the rank of captain, and was promoted from time to time to major, lieutenant-cololonel, and colonel. Near the close of the Rebellion he was brevctted brigadier-general " for faithful and meritorious service," and assigned to the command of the Second Brigade of the garrison at Washington. In July, 1800, he was honorably discharged and mustered out of service. In the spring of 1807 Mr. Oliphant moved to Princeton, N. J., and was admitted to the bar of this State. In September, 1870, he was ^ztheJmsrz Fhel-cS'y^L-^iJJ'^ dr. %-.x. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 61 appointed by Hon. William McKennan clerk of the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of New Jersey, which position he has ever since held, a period over twenty-five years. In the spring of 1874 he moved to Trenton, where he now resides, Frederick Parker, Freehold, is a son of Hon. Joel and Maria M. (Gummere) Parker, and was born in Freehold, N. J., January 14, 185(J, His grandfather, Hon. Charles Parker, was sheriif of Monmouth county one term, state treasurer for fourteen years (1821-31 and 1833-35 in- clusive), and member of the Assembly for five terms; his (Charles Parker's) wife's father, Joseph Coward, served as a soldier in the American Revolution. Joel Parker was graduated from Princeton College in 1839, was ad- mitted to the bar in 1843, and practiced his profession in Freehold. He was elected to the Assembly in 1847, was for five years prosecutor of the pleas for Monmouth county, was presidential elector in 18G0, was several years brigadier-general of Monmouth and Ocean, and in 1861, was appointed major-general of the counties of Monmouth, Ocean, Mercer, Union, and Middlesex. In 1802 he was elected governor of New Jersey for three years, and m 1868 his State delegation, at the National Democratic Convention in New York, cast their full vote on every ballot for him for president of the United States. In 1871 he was re-elected governor and in 1875 was appointed attorney-general by Governor Bedle, but soon resigned. In 1880 Governor McClellan ap- pointed him a justice of the Supreme Court^ which position he held until his death January 2, 1888. His wife was a daughter of Samuel R. Gummere, principal of the Friends School at Burlington and clerk in chancery. Frederick Parker was graduated from the Freehold Institute in June, 1873, and from Princeton College in 1876, read law with his father and spent one year at Columbia Law School in New York city, and was admitted before the Supreme Court at Trenton at the June term, 1879, and as counselor at the same term in 1882. He was at one time vice- president and a member of the Board of Managers of the New Jersey Society Sons of the American Revolution, has been one of the com- missioners of the town of Freehold for two years, president of the Free- hold Board of Trade and is now chief commissioner of said town. He has held several important ofifices in the Masonic fraternity, and is su- preme court commissioner and special master in chancery. He served one year by appointment of the New Jerey Supreme Court as an ex- r,» TllK .irniC'lAL AND ("IVII, IIIST<>i;V o)- XKW .IKFiSEY. aniiner of caiulidates for admission to the bar. lie lias for many years enjoyed a j^eneral law practiee in all the eourts of the State. Mr. Parker has made numerous political speeches at Democratic mass meet- injjs, and fretiuently addressed (jrand Army reunions and other ])atri- otic gatherings. He is also a trustee and deacon of the I-'irst Prt-shv- terian church of Freehold. April ;{(>, IS'.K), he was married to Miss Mary Hunt Bedle daughter of I'^Iihu B. and Kate E. (Craig) Bedle, of Freeh(jld, both of Revolu- tionary descent. Her mother, Kate E. Craig, lived from her childhood until her marriage within sight of the old Tennent Church. His fam- ily consists of himself, his wife and one son. Jamks Parkkk, Perth Amboy, born in Newark, Licking county, Ohio, June l."(, lS"c.», is a son of Hon. James Parker (who was eminent as a politician, lawyer, and judge of that State) and his wife, Anna (Forl)es) Parker, and a member of one of the most j^rominent families of New Jersey. His paternal ancestry in New Jersey is (1) Elisha, {'Z) IClisha, (3) John, (4) James, (5) James, (0) James, (7) James. Tlie first two lived in Woodbridge, N. J., 1070-1715; the others all resided in the "Castle" (which was built by John in 17"21) at Perth Amboy, which is now occu- pied by the subject of this sketch. He is also descended from the \'an Cortlandt and Schuyler families of New York, through whom his American ancestry reaches back to about the year 1 *;;]*>. One of his maternal ancestresses was Elizabeth, wife of Sir Philip Carteret, the first governor of New Jersey, from KWJo to 1681. She was a daughter of Richard Smith of Smithtown, L. I., and, when she married (iovernor Carteret, the widow of William Lawrence of Flush- ing, L. L After Carteret's death she married Col. Richard Tovvnley. Her son, Joseph Lawrence, married Mary Townlcy; and their daugh- ter Abigail married Major Forbes of the British army; their son, Alexander, married Susan Gifford (an aunt of Archer Gilford); their son, Cleaveland Alexander Forbes (named "Cleaveland" after Moses Cleaveland, the founder of Cleveland, f)hio), was the father of Anna, Mr. Parker's mother. Hon. Cortlandt Skinner, att, is a son of l^lias S. and Ali)honsa E. Reed, and read law in Atlantic City, N. ]., with Jud^e Josejjh Thompson. He was ad- mitted to the bar of New Jersey at Trenton as attorney at the Febru- ary term, IS".*'). Jon.N I. Hi.Aik Rkii.k.v, Pliillipsburj^, born February .'», ISoO, in Blairs- town, X. J., is a son of Rev. Joliii A. and Ann (Carroll) Reiley, was educated at Rlair Hall in his native town from 1H71 to 1873 and under Rev. A. H. Somes in 18T3 and 1874, and was {graduated from Princeton Collejje in 1878 with the degree of A. H. In ISSI lie received the de- gree of A. M. from the same institution. He studied law in Pliillips- burg under Jacob S. Stewart and was admitted before the Supreme Court at Trenton as attorney in November, 1881, and as counselor in February, 189r». He served as postmaster at Phillipsburg from Feb- ruary, 188-2, to April, 1886, and from March, 1800, to April, 1894, and has been atttorney of the Board of Education since April, 1894, his present term expiring in Ajiril, 1897. John Rki.i.m.M!, Trenton, was l)orn in Trenton, N. J., and is a son of John and Theresa Rellstab. His father was a native of Zurich, Switz- erland, came to America in 1840, and became one of the pioneer potters in New Jersey. He was educated in the public schools and read law with Levi T. Hannum, being admitted as attorney in November, 188"^, and as counselor in November, 1889. He has served as borough coun- sel of Cliambersburg, and as city counsel of Trenton, and is tlie present judge of the District Court of the city of Trenton. He married Miss Mary L., daughter of Thomas Francis. Pali. Rkvkrk, born in Morristown, N. J., on the '28th of September, lS")f), is a son of Gen. Joseph Warren and Rosanna D. (f>amb) Revere anfl a great-grandson f)f the gallant Paul Revere of Revolutionary fame, tlie hero of Longfellow's immortal i)oeni, " Paul Reverc's Ride." The fatnily is of French descent, numbering among its ancestors Judge Rivoire, who lived in France more tlian twcj hundred years ago. Gen- eral Revere spent the most of his life in the army and naval service of the United States and in 1873 published a bof)k of his travels; his father, Dr. John Revere, was one of the founders of the medical department of the University of the City of New York. Paul Revere was educated at Morristown Classical School, read law in Jersey City with ex-Gov. Joseph D. Bedle and in Newark with Staats BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. * 71 S. Morris, and pursued his legal studies at Harvard Law School. He was admitted to the bar of this State in 1881 and practiced in Newark nearly five years. Since then he has resided and for a time followed his profession in Morristown. He has served two terms as member of the Common Council, is president of the Morristown Association for Public Improvement and All Soul's Hospital Association, has taken an active interest in politics, serving as delegate to, and often as chairman of, political conventions. He is a director in the Morris County Savings Bank, the Morristown Trust Company, and Morris County Realty Com- pany, member of the Sons of Veterans, one of the vice-presidents gen- eral of the Sons of the American Revolution, president of the Morris County Golf Club, and a frequent contributor to the press on such subjects as taxation, public improvement, and municipal government. The house in which he resides was built in 1807. James Kearny Rice, New Brunswick, was born in Washington, D. C, November 20, 1849, a son of Nathan Rice and Eliza W., his wife, a daughter of the late John G. Warren, of New York city, one of the first members of the New York Stock Exchange. He was graduated from Lawrenceville High School in 1865 and was in business in New York city for several years. He commenced studying law in the office of Woodbridge Strong in New Brunswick, and was admitted to the bar of New York in 1875 and as attorney of New Jersey in November, 1876. He was graduated from the Law School of the University of New York and was admitted as counselor in New Jersey at the November term, 1880. In 1882 he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas for Middlesex county by Governor Ludlow, was reappointed at the expiration of his term by Governor Green, and in 1890 was appointed law judge of Mid- dlesex by Governor Abbett and reappointed by Governor Werts in 1895. Mr. Rice was the first law judge who ever sat and held the Circuit Court in this State after the passage of the act authorizing law judges to sit in the Circuit, and ever since that act was passed most all of the Circuit business has been tried before him under the assignment of Chief Justice Beasley. Judge Rice was also the first law judge who ever sat in the Oyer and Terminer, alone, without a justice of the Su- preme Court, in a capital case, under the provisions of the act of 1894: the case of the State vs. Aragio and Spina, charged with the murder of. Antonio Prisco, being the occasion. It was first tried in the Middlesex Oyer and Terminer, December term, 1894, before Judge Rice. After two weeks' trial the jury disagreed; another trial was held ftt the April :_• TIIK II Min \l \\l> CIVIL lIIST(ti:V OK NKW .IKHSKY. term, lS'.i.*», ami ihc dctciuiants were Loiiviclcd (j1 murder in llie lirst decree. The case is somewhat celebrated by reason of the facts con- nected with it, and also from its beinj;- the first time in the history of the commonwealth when a capital case has been i)resided over by any one except a justice of the Supreme Court. In February, 1890, Judjj;e Rice, havinjj been appointed by President Cleveland, United States attorney for the District of New Jersey, re- siy;ned the office of president judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the county of Middlesex, and entered upon his duties as such district attorney, which office he now holds. Judge Rice lives with his family at S2 Carroll Place, New Brunswick, where he has resided for many years. His wife was the eldest daugh- ter of the late Theodore G Neilson, of New Brunswick. Hakkv E. Rich.akds, M. D., Newark, born in Newark, N. J., Sep- tember 15, 1853, is the son of Henry E. and Elizabeth (Van Winkle) Richards, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1873 and from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York city in 1875. He studied chemistry in Europe and in the Columbia College School of Mines, and then became assistant in physics in Stevens Institute of Technology. He was engaged in business in New York city from 1879 to 1885 as a member of the firm of Richards & Co., importers of scientific apparatus. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in February, 1880, and subsecpiently to the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States, and to the bar of the vState of New York. Dr. Richards resides in Bloomlield, N. J,, while his law offices are in Newark. Fkank B. Riix.wav, Woodbury, is a son of Benjamin and Mary L. (Battan) Ridgway, was born inCireenwich township, (lloucestercounty, N. J., February 17, 1840, and received his education in the common schools. In 1801 he enlisted in Co. A, Ikl Regt. N. J. Vol. Inf., and took part in all the principal engagements on the Peninsula, receiving an honorable discharge August 10, 1802. He was a member of the Board of Chosen Freeholders for four years, served as sheriff of Gloucester county from 1887 to isno, and in 1892 was elected county clerk, a position he now holds. Carroi.i. Roi'.hins, Trenton, of linglish and Irish ancestry, is a son of Sylvester and Sarah I. Robbins, and was born in Bloomsbury, Hun- terdon county, N. J., December 3, 1858. He was graduated from ROBERT S. CLYMER. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 73 Princeton College in the class of 1881, read law in Trenton with James Buchanan, and completed his legal studies at Columbia Law wSchool, where he remained from September, 1885, to May, 1886. In Novem- ber, 1886, he was admitted at Trenton as attorney, and in November, 1889, he was admitted at the same place as counselor. Mr. Robbins contributed a chapter on the law of New Jersey relating to city district courts to the second edition of Honeyman's "Practice and Precedents in the Courts for the Trial of Small Causes." He is well versed in the science of the law and ranks high as a writer and counselor. October 12, 1887, he was united in marriage to Miss Edna Thomp- son, daughter of Thomas K. and Sarah J. (Johnson) Thompson, of Urbana, O. Samuel K. Robbins, Moorestown, Burlington county, N. J., was born in Mount Holly, N. J., May 9, 1853. He is a son of Barzillai W. and Annie W. (Wilson) Robbins, and was graduated from Princeton College in the class of 1874. His law studies were pursued in the office of Charles E. Hendrickson, of Mount Holly. He was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney at the June term, 1880, and as counselor in February, 1884. He settled in Moorestown and opened offices in Camden soon after his admission to the bar, and has prac- ticed extensively in the courts of Burlington and Camden counties, as well as in the higher courts of the State, since that time. While his practice has been confined almost exclusively to civil causes, he acquired a reputation as an able criminal lawyer in his de- fense of Barclay W. Peak, who was tried in Burlington county in 1887 for the murder of Mary Anderson, and it was largely due to his efforts that Peak escaped the gallows. Israel Roberts, Camden, was born in Evesham township, Burling- ton county, N. J., June 19, 1858, a son of Emmor and Martha (Lip- pincott) Roberts, and was graduated from Swarthmore College in 1878. He read law with Thomas H. Dudley & Son in Camden, and was ad- mitted to the bar of New Jersey in November, 1883, and as counselor in November, 1892. Charles J. Roe, Jersey City, born September 1, 1850, in Sussex county, N.J., is a son of Charles and Elizabeth A. (Coult) Roe, and was graduated from Princeton College in the class of 1870. He read law in the office of Levi Shepherd, esq., and was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney in June, 1873, and as counselor in June, 1876. Among 74 TIIK .IIDICIAI. AND CIVIL HISTORY OK x\KW JERSEY. the several iniiiortant law eases with which Mr. Roe has been con- nected as counsel were those of Shotwell vs. Dalrymple, rei)orte(l in 'iU N'rooni, .VM); Hart vs. Kennedy, 'i Dick.. ")! ; Roe vs. Moore, 8 Stew., 90, and 52»J; Roy vs. Decker, 15 Vrooni, M.J; Brasted vs. Sutton, 2 Stew., 5i:}, and .i Stew., -H'ri; in re Margaruni, 'H'> \'room, \'i; and Slouten- burgfh vs. Hopkins, l(i Stew. ,'577, and S Stew., SW. He was made a special master in chancery in 187»t. and is a supreme court commissioner. Until about May 1, 1805, he i)racticed law at Newton; since then he removed to Jersey City. I.\Mi>H. Rof,KR.s, Paterson, born on November 10, 1S4S, in I*aters(jn, N. J., is a son of Alexander W. and Anna (Hague) Rogers, and was graduated from the University of the City of New York in isr,!i. He read law in the office of H. A. Williams, of Paterson, and also in the Law School of his alma mater under John N. Pomeroy, and was ad- mited to the New Jersey bar as attorney in 1872 and as counselor in 1875. He served as member of assembly in 1888. John T. Roski.l, Freehold, son of Joseph H. and Elizabeth L. (Brow- ing) Rosell, was born in Freehold, N. J., January 21, 1853, He was graduated from the Freehold Institute in 1872, and learned the harness maker's trade with his father, after which he read law in his native city with Hon. Charles Haight and Robbins & Hartshorne, spending two years in each office, and was admitted to the bar of this State at Tren- ton on the 0th of November, 187!l. He is the attorney for the Jacob B. Tallman estate in New Jersey, alscHhe attorney of the American Surety Company. While studying law he built up a nice insurance and real estate business, which he still carries on in connection with the practice of law. On April '.», 1891, he was appointed postmaster at Freehold by President Harri.son, and took charge of the (office on May 1, 1891, which office he held until F'ebruary 15, 1890. Mr Rosell was a member, and the secretary of the Republican County Committee of Monmouth county for .several years; after his appointment of po.stmaster he re- signed his office as secretary of the committee. In December, 1888, the Ancient Order of United Workmen started a lodge in Freehold, at which time Mr. Rosell was elected recorder, which position he still holds. He is also a member of the Royal Arca- num and Loyal Additional Association. November 14, 1877, Mr. Rosell was married in Freehold to Miss Katie v., daughter of J. Conover and Sarah C. (Marcellus) Smock. He has BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 75 three children, Laure Marcellus Resell, Chilion Robbins Resell (who was named after Hon. Chilion Robbins), and Dorathy Rosell. The two former graduated at the High School in Freehold on June 19, 1896, Chilion Robbins Rosell having the salutatory and receiving a scholar- ship in Rutgers College. LiNSLV RowE, Jersey City, born in, and educated at the classical and private schools of, New York city, came to Jersey City in 1871 and be- gan the study of law in the office of Muirheid & McGee. He was ad- mitted to the bar of this State as attorney in 1875 and as counselor in 1878, and in 1879 was appointed United States commissioner and dep- uty clerk of the United vStates District Court at Jersey City. He held the last named office three years, during which time the admiralty busi- ness increased until New Jersey became the third largest admiralty district in the country. On July 1, 1883, he was appointed clerk of the United States District Court and removed to Trenton, where he re- mained and filled that position for ten and one half years, wdien he re- signed and returned to Jersey City, resuming the practice of law in partnership with Joseph M. Knapp, son of the late Justice Manning M. Knapp. After the death of Mr. Knapp in the spring of 1895, Mr. Rowe associated himself with De Witt Van Buskirk and Charles Wolcott Parker, forming the present firm of Rowe, Van Buskirk & Parker. Mr. Rowe makes a specialty of admiralty law, in which he is widely recog- nized as authority. The firm also conducts a general law business. Nelson Runyon, Plainfield, born in Green Brook, Somerset county, N. J., December 3, 1840, is a son of Squire and Mary (Le Forge) Run- yon, and received a public school education. He read law with Cor- nelius Boice and Enos W. Runyon and was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney in February, 1862, and as counselor in June, 1865. He served as city judge of Plainfield for three years and has made a specialty of real estate law. Geor(;e Phillii> Rust, Passaic, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., March 9, 1861, is the son of Andrew C. and Henrietta C. Rust, and was educated in the public schools. He studied law with Henry K. Coddington, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in June, 1882, and as counselor in June, 1885. He was corporation attorney of the city of Passaic for seven years, and among his more important cases were those of the Newark Aqueduct Board vs. The City of Passaic, reported in 18 Stewart, 393, and affirmed by Court of Errors and Appeals in 76 THE JUDICIAI. AND riVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. 1 Dickinson, 552, and the case "In tlic matter of tlie application to confirm an assessment for the construction of a sewer in tlie city of Passaic," reported in '^5 Vroom, paj^e loO. Ai'.kAHAM V. Schenck, born in New Brunswick, X. J., October 12, 1821, is a son of Henry Harris and Eve Van Voorhees Schenck, and a grandson of Abram Schenck, a noted patriot during the Revolutionary war. He is of pure Holland de.scent, a member of the Holland Society of New York, and has served as vice-president of that society for Mid- dlesex county, N. J. He is also a member of the New Jersey Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. He resides in New Bruns- wick. Mr. Schenck was admitted to the bar at the November term, 1843, and was licensed as counselor at the January term, 1847, of the New Jersey Supreme Court. He was mayor of the city of New Brunswick in 1851; prosecutor of the pleas for Middlesex county from 1872 to 1877; and was elected to the Senate of New Jersey from Middlesex county in November, 1882. In 1884 Mr. Schenck was one of the Sen- ate committee which reported the present important law for the taxa- tion of railroad and canal property in the State of New Jersey, and was instrumental in the drafting and passage of the same. He served as president of the Senate in 1885. He has been throughout a long and successful career intimately identified with the bar of his native citv and State, of which he is one of the leading members. Mr. Schenck has been connected as counsel with such important cases as State vs. Fox, reported 1 Dutcher, 5(iG; Freeholders of Mid- dlesex County vs. State Bank at New Brunswick, 2 Stewart, 208, affirmed by the Court of Errors and Appeals, 3 Stewart. 311 ; State vs. Hart Moore, 13 Vroom, 208, and Hart Moore vs. State, 14 Vroom, 202; also reported in 11 Central Law Journal, 507, 13 Central Law Journal, 70, and 2 Criminal Law Magazine, 370. In 1863 Mr. Schenck married Miss Emily Wyndcs Barker, who died June 20, 1870. He married for his second wife, her sister, Miss Sarah Estelle, daughter of Abraham and Henrietta Wyndes Barker. Francis Scott, Paterson, born in Paterson, N. J., August 28, 1857, the son of Francis and Elizabeth (McCarthy) vScott, was educated at Yale College. He read law with James Evans, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney at the November term, 1878, and as counselor at the same term in 1881. He was corporation counsel of J BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 77 the city of Paterson in 1885 and 188(3, judge of the District Court in 1889, 1890, and 1891, and is now a member of the State Board of Edu- cation, He has been a frequent and valued contributor of the New Jersey and Albany Law Journals. Hervev C. Scudder, Trenton, was born in Trenton, N. J., May 13, 1868, and is a son of Uriel T. and Eliza A. Scudder. He was gradu- ated from the Trenton High School in June, 1888, studied law in his native citj^ with Judge William M. Lanning, and was admitted to the bar as attorney in November, 1892, and as counselor in February, 1896. He is a member of the Board of Education of Ewing township, Mercer county, where he resides, and in 1895 was assistant counsel of the New Jersey Senate Investigating Committee. John L. Semple, Camden, born in Mount Holly, Burlington county, N. J., is a son of John and Elizabeth Semple, and was educated in private schools and at Nazareth Hall. He read law in his native town with the late Frederick Voorhees, and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of New Jersey as attorney at the November term, 1880, and as counselor at the February term, 1885, and to practice in the United States Supreme Court in February, 1895. He is well known as a criminal lawyer, having successfully defended no less than eleven persons charged with murder in a period of less than three years, es- tablishing a record unparalleled in criminal history. He gained an almost world-wide reputation in his ingenious and persistent defense of Theodore Lambert, the murderer of William Kairer, a wealthy cracker baker of Camden. The case was carried through all the State courts and went twice to the Supreme Court of the United ^States, where it was recognized as one of the most remarkable attempts ever made to evade the verdict of a jury. Thomas H. Shafer, Rahway, born in Newton, N. J., June 15, 1820, and was educated in Princeton and Lafayette Colleges. He read law in his native town with William T. Anderson and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in June, 1843. Clifton C. Shinn, Atlantic City, born December 27, 1866, in Cam- den, N. J., is a son of James S. and Mary S. (Hancock) Shinn, and re- ceived his education in the public schools and at the LTniversity of Vir- ginia. He read law with Slape & Stephany, August Stephany, and Allen B. Endicott, and was admitted as attorney in November, 1888, 78 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL IIISTnRY oK NKW JKRSKY. and as counselor in February. IS'.I.'L lie was mercantile apf)raiser in 1801 and lS'.)'i, and is master in chancery. Gkorok M. Smi'MAN, Belvidere, born in Belvidere, N. J., April 20, 1850, is a son of the late Jehiel G. Shipman and Mary L., his wife, pre- pared for college under Rev. Frederick Knighton, D. D., at Belvidere Classical Academy, and was graduated from Princeton in June, 1870, admitted to the bar of New Jersey in June, 187)5, and as counselor in June, 187n, and has practiced law in Belvidere ever since. lie has been connected with the defense in the murder cases in Belvidere of Patrick Ward, Titus, Bolan, Andrews, and others, and in important railroad litigations in the county. He was a law partner with his father until the latter's death in 1802, and since that has practiced alone. Jehiki.G. Shii'.man. Belvidere, born near Hope, Warren county, N. J., October 3, 1818, died in Belvidere, N. J., December 10, 1802. He was the .son of David Shipman, a prominent citizen of the town of Warren. The family is of Norman descent, its founder having been knighted, history tells, by Henry III of England in 1258. Edward Shipman, from whom the American branch of the family descends, was a refugee from religious persecution, and came to America and settled in May- brook, Conn., in lOoo. The grandfather of J. G. Shipman was one of the first settlers of Morristown. Three of his uncles served with credit through the Revolutionary war. Mr. Shipman spent one year at Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., under the tutelage (jf Dr. George Junkin, then president of the institute. He was graduated from Union College, New York, in 1842, while Dr. Eliphalet Nott was its president and wiierc Clarkson N. Potter and W. A. Beach were members of his class. He began the study of law before leaving college and immediately upon his graduati(;n entered the law office of William C. Morris, of Belvidere. Mr. Shipman was admitted in 1844. and soon secured prominence at the bar and a lucra- tive practice. The first case in which he appeared, tried a few months after he was admitted, was the Carter and Parks murder trial, a cause which ex- cited great interest throughout New Jersey and adjoining States. He was retained by the State and it fell to him to ojjcn the ])rosecution. His powerful argument in that exciting case electrified his hearers and gave him wide and lasting fame as an advocate. From that day to the time of his last illness, Mr. Shipman had been regarded as one of the C. L. COLE. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 79 leading lawyers and great advocates of the New Jersey bar, a reputa- tion not easy to sustain for half a century in such a brilliant constella- tion as that which has given the bench and bar of New Jersey a fame which reaches far beyond the confines of the State. Mr. Shipman was engaged in very many important cases before the different courts of New Jersey, as well as the courts of other States, and before the Supreme Court of the United States. In the case of New Jersey vs. Yard, 5 Otto, 104, he appeared for the Morris and Essex Railroad Company, and was successful in reversing the judg- ment of the highest court of the State of New Jersey on the question of taxation of the Morris and Essex Railroad Company and the right of the State to levy taxes against that corporation under its charter. In the New Jersey Law and Equity Reports his name will be found as counsel in very many of the most important cases in the history of the State. His criminal practice was large and varied. He was engaged with the late Justice Bradley in the defense of the Rev. J. S. Hardin, a Methodist minister, who was convicted and hung for murder of his wife, in 1860, a case which created a great sensation throughout the whole country at the time. He was also engaged in the famous trials of the Warren county ring thieves, which created a great sensation a few years ago, and in the defense of Titus for the murder of Tilly Smith, at Hackettstown, and in many other cases of note. Probably not a single criminal or civil case of importance in the county where he lived can be mentioned in which he was not engaged during the time he was in practice. He represented many corporations as counsel, and was counsel for for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, the New York, Susque- hanna and Western, the Lehigh and Hudson companies, and others. He assisted in the organization of the Warren Railroad, a very im- portant branch at this time of the D., L. & W. R. R., and was a life- long director of the road. He was long a director of the Belvidere National Bank and of other corporations. He was appointed one of the advisor}' masters of the Court of Chancery of New Jersey in 1878 by Chancellor Runyon, late ambassador to German}", and he heard many important cases while sitting for the chancellor. He was a trus- tee of Lafayette College for many years and took a deep interest in the institution. He was an active and lifelong church member, having been a ruling 80 tup: .irDiciAi. and civil history of new jkrsp:y. elder in tlie First Presbyterian church of Helvidere since 185IJ. In politics he was a Republican. He was an earnest and forcible cham- pion of his jiarly's principles, both in i^rivate and on the platform, but never sought and never occupied any public office, and although he was often urged to become a candidate for political honors, and upon several occasions was spoken of as a candidate for governor, he always felt that he had no time to turn aside fmni his jMX'ssing professional duties for othce-seeking. • He was married in 184T to Mary Louisa Morris, daughter of William C. Morris. His widow and his son, George M. Shipman, who was long his partner, and twt) daugliters, survive him. Tin oooKK SiMoNsoN, of Ncwton, X. J., was born in the township (jf Vernon, Sussex count}', N. J., April '2(1, 1848, is a son of Thomas T. and Mary (Hynard) Simonson, and his ancestors were among the early settlers of the county. He \\as educated at Warwick Academy, War- wick, X. Y., and at WaiTing's Collegiate Institute, at Poughkeepsie, X. V. He began the study of law witli Hon. Robert Hamilton, of Xewton, completed his law course with Hon. Thomas Anderson, and was admitted to the bar of Xew Jersey as an attorney in February, 1870, and as a counselor in February, 1S83. After he was admitted to the bar he began the practice of law in Xewton, where he now resides. (Jn March 10, 1881, he married Fannie, daughter of the late Judge Townsend. lie has been prosecutor of the pleas of Sussex county since 1883, being appointed by Hon. George C. Ludlow on March 7, 188:}. reappointed by Governor Green on March 20, 1888, and appointed for the third time by Governor Werts on March 20, 1803. He was a presi- dential elector in 1802, and aided in casting the electoral vote of the State for Hon. Grover Cleveland for president, and he has made a spe- cialty of practice in the Orphans' Court, and Court of Chancery, and the settlement of estates. His father, Thomas T. Simonson, was sheriff of Sus.sex county from 1870 to 1873, and his grandfather, Major William Simonson, and his grandfather on his mother's side. Major David Hynard, both represented the county of Sussex in the General Assembly of this State and were active men in public affairs in their day. Oka C. Simpson, Newton, born in McAfee Valley, Sussex county, X. J., December 1, 1854, is a son of William and Frances (Smith) Simpson; received a common school education and entered his father's BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 81 store as manager, whom he afterwards succeeded; he has served the town of Vernon for sev^eral years as clerk and justice of the peace, and in 1892 was elected clerk of Sussex county. Clement Hall Sinnickson, Salem, is a son of John and Rebecca K. vSinnickson, was educated at the Tro}^ Polytechnic Institute, and was a graduate from Union College in 1855. He read law with Hon. William L. Dayton, of Trenton, and was admitted to the bar in that city as at- torney in November, 1858, and as counselor in February, 1864. He was in the military service of the United States for three months in 1861 as captain of Co. I, 4th Regiment New Jersey troops, and served as member of congress two terms from March 4, 1875, to March 4, 1879. He is judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the county of Salem, having been appointed April 1, 1896; is one of the advisory masters in the Court of Chancery of New ^Jersey, a member of the Geological Board of this State, and vice-president of the New Jersey vSociety of the Sons of the Revolution. He has been in active practice of the law in Salem since 1858, excepting while in the army and in Congress. Charles A. Srillman was born in Hopewell, Mercer county, N. J., December 16, 1827. His paternal ancestor, Captain Skillman, came over with the English forces in 1664, and assisted in capturing New Amsterdam (now New York city) from the Dutch; he subsequently settled on Long Island. His grandfather, Cornelius, and father, Abra- ham Skillman, both lived on the family homestead in Mercer county, N. J. Mr. Skillman was graduated from Princeton College in 1848, read law with Hon. William Halstead, of Trenton, and was admitted to the bar of this State in 1851. In 1852 he opened a law otifice in Lambertville, where he has ever since been in active practice, being TPow the oldest lawyer in Hunterdon county. He has been president of the Council of Lambertville, and in 1858 was appointed prosecuting attorney of the county, an office he held five years. He has been solicitor for the Pennsylvania Railroad ever since the Belvidere division was leased, was secretary of the Lambert- ville Gas Light Company for twenty-five years, is treasurer and direc- tor of the Lambertville Water Power Company, and was one of the originators, and for about thirty years a director, and for several years president of the Lambertville National Bank. He is also president of the Lambertville Water Company, was president of a local building and loan association during its whole existence, and has served as city 82 TIIK Jl'DICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY ()K NKW JKRSKV. solicitor several terms. He joined the Masonic fraternity in 1H54, and for twenty years has been president of the board of directors having^ charjje of the Masonic Temple, lie has been a Republican since the orj;ani/.ation of the party. In l^'A Mr. Skillman married Sarah A., dauyhlerof Abram S. Skill- man, of Ringoes, N. J. Wii i.iAM ICkskink Skinnkk, Iloboken, was born in (ilasj^ow, Scotlantl, a sun of Rev. John Skinner, D. D., was educated at the University of Virjj^inia and Lafayette and Princeton Collejj^es, and read law chielly in Newton, N. ]., with John Linn, now of the Hudson county bar. He was admitted at Natchez, Mis.s., in 1S57, and at Trenton, N. J., as at- torney, in November, 180O, while residing in Newark, as counselor in 1S«)4, while living at Kearney, Hud.son county. He is a master, examiner, and special master in chancery of New Jersey, a supreme court commissioner and United States commissioner. He was jiresident judge of the Bergen ctjunty Courts of Common IMeas, (Juarter Sessions and Orphans' Court, from April 1, 1878, to April I, 1888. He was coun.sel for c Vroom, 381. • He is now practicing law in the city of Ilobeken. In 18SG he was the Democratic candidate for Congress in the Fifth congressional district of New Jersey, but was defeated by William Walter Phelps, the Republican candidate, who subsequently became minister to (iermany. Hknuv M. Snvdkk Jr., Camden, is a native of Philadelphia, Pa., antl a son (if Henry M. and Caroline N. (Poinsett) Snyder, and received his education in the common schools of the Twcnty-.seventh ward of his native city. He read law with Peter L. Voorhees and was admitted to the bar of this State in June, issj, and as counselor in June, 1884. He was a member (»f the City Coimcil of Camden from 1S85 to 18!)*i and officiated as president of that body two years. He recently served as one of the commissioners appointed by the Legislature to revise and codify the acts concerning corjjorations, and the revision submitted by them has since been enacted into a law. Will i.\M Chetwoud Si'KNCEr, Elizabeth, born in Mount Holly, N. J., SlOGHAPHiCAL REGISTER. 83 May 29, 1849, is son of Robert Dayton and Elizabeth (Chetwood) Spencer, and received his education in private schools. He is lineal descendant of John Ogden, one of the Elizabeth associates ; great- great- grandson of General Elias Dayton, of the Continental veteran brigade; great-grandson of Captain Jonathan Dayton, of the Continental line and afterwards brigadier- general of the United States army; also member of the United States Constitutional Convention, and speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1795 to 1799; United States senator from New Jersey from March 4, 1799, to March o, 1805; great-grandson of John Chetwood, one of the justices of the Supreme Court of the State of New Jersey; great-grandson of Lieut. -Col. Fran- cis Barber, of the New Jersey Continental line, adjutant-general of Sullivan's expedition against the Indians and aide of Marquis Lafayette at the attack on the redoubts at Yorktown, the other aide being Cap- tain Jonathan Dayton above mentioned; great-great-grandson of Gen- eral Mathias Williamson; great-great-grandson of Colonel Oliver Spencer, of Spencer's Regiment, Continental line; great-grandnephew of General Mathias Ogden and of Governor Ogden, of New Jersey ; grandson of Doctor Oliver Hatfield Spencer, chief surgeon at the battle of New Orleans; great-grandnephew of Elias Boudnot, president of the Continental Congress. He studied law with Chancellor Benjamin Williamson and was ad- mitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney February, 187(1, and as coun- selor three years later. He was secretary of the Society of the Cincin- nati of New Jersey until July 4, 1S95, and is a delegate to the General Society. He is also a member of the Executive Committee of the General Society of the War of 1812. As counsel he has been connected with such important cases as Collerd vs. McAndrews, Rader vs. vSouth Easterly Road District, and Wetherbee vs. Baker et al. He resides in Elizabeth and has an office in Jersey City. Lewis Starr, Camden, born August 11, 18G5, near Woodbury, N.J., where he resides, is the son of Charles W. and Emma R. (Terry) Starr, and was graduated from Woodbury Academy in 1881. He read law with Hon. Charles G. Garrison, now Supreme Court justice, and also with Thomas E. French, and was graduated from the law department of the University of Pennsylvania in June, 1887. He was admitted to the bar as attorney in November following and as counselor at the No- vember term, 1890. He was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of 84 TIIK JI'DU'IAI, AND CIVIL lilSToliY ( »K NKW JEUSEV. (il«)uccstcr c»)unty by (lovcrnor (JiIkks January '17, ISIM',; his was ihe first appointment of a Republican by a Rei)ublican j^overnor in thirty years, ami was the lirst appointment made l)y tlie present (ISlu;) governor. Kic.ENK SrKVKNSoN, Paterson, born in l^rooklyn, N. Y., June 2:5, 1849, is the son of Paul K. Stevenson, and was j^naduated from the Uni- versitv t»t" the City of New Vt>rk in ls7<). He studied law with Socrates Tuttle, of Paterst)n, and in 187(» was -graduated also from the law de- partment of his alma mater. He was admitted to the bar of New Jer- sey as atlornev in ls74 and as counselor in ISTT, and served as prose- cutor of the pleas of Passaic county from issi to ISSf,. Pi TKR Stii.wf.1.1., Rayonne, is a son of (ieor^e and Catherine (Schomp) vStilwell and was born in Whitehouse, Hunterdon county, N. ]., Au);(ust2'2, ISc;;. He was graduated from Rutgers College in the class of ISSt;, read law in the office of Cortland Parker, ami was admitted to the bar of Colorado in ISSS and to the bar of New Jersey in 1H8'.». Since then he has rcsideil and practiced his profession in P>ayonne. Bavaki) St(jckton, Trenton, was born at Princeton, N. J., son of Richard Stockton and Caroline Bayard Dodd Stockton. Richard Stockton was the eldest son of the well-known naval officer, Commo- dore R. F. Stockton, who was the son of Richard Stockton, a lawyer whose fame is still bright, and he was the son of the Richard Stockton who signed the Declaration of Independence. Bayard Stockton was educated by private tutors and at Princeton College in the class of 187t>, He read law with Leroy H. Anderson, at Princeton, and was admitted to the bar as attorney at the February term, 18T8, and as a coun.selor at the .same term for 1S81, both at Tren- ton. He was appointed ad interim, Se])tember 27. 1887, prosecutor of the pleas for Mercer county, and for the full term, February 7, 18H;5. He has also held the offices of master, examiner, and special master in chancery, and was alternate commissioner to the New Orleans ICxpf)- sition. His standing as a criminal lawyer is high, and his ability in the con- duct of cases of this cla.ss is eminent and worthy of emulation. He was leading counsel in the Shann, Walwitz, Koccis, Myatt, and Had- dock murder cases, and in many other im])ortant and .sen.sational cases for lesser criminal offenses. He married first, May I'.i, 1881, Charlotte Julia Shields, daughter of J. CLARHNCH CONOVtR. I BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 85 Prof. Charles W. Shields and Charlotte Julia Bain vShields, of Princeton, N. J. ; and second, July 12, 1894, Helen Hamilton Shields, daughter of Prof. Charles W. Shields and Elizabeth Kane Shields, of Princeton, He has two sons by his first marriage ; Bayard vStockton, born January 19, 1884; and Richard Stockton, born September 29, 1885. His at- tractive home, "Morven," is at Princeton, and his office is at 105 E. State street, Trenton. William S. vStrvker, Trenton, was born in Trenton, N. J., June G, 1838, of Dutch descent, his ancestors having left Holland in 1G52 and settled in New Amsterdam. There as great burghers of the colony the representatives of this Knickerbocker family took part in the memora- ble councils of Governor Stuyvesant. In the Revolutionary war a very zealous soldier, Capt. John wStryker, a partisan officer of the State troops of New Jersey, greatly distinguished himself during the entire struggle by the damage he inflicted upon the British whenever they passed through the Jerseys. Mr. Stryker's grandfather fought at the battle of vSpringfield and his great-grandfather at the battle of Mon- mouth. The two brothers of his great-grandmother, Colonel Nathaniel and Lieutenant-Colonel William Scudder, both took part in the battle of Monmouth and the former was the only member of the old Conti- nental Congress who was killed in battle during the war. William S. Stryker was early prepared for college, and was gradu- ated at Princeton in the class of 1858, and began the study of law in Trenton. He enlisted as a private soldier April IG, 18G1, assisted in organizing the Fourteenth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, and in February, 18G3, was ordered to Hilton Head, vS. C. , where he served as an aide-de-camp, with the rank of major, to Maj.-Gen. Quincey A. Gillmore, commanding the Department of the South. He participated in the capture of Morris Island, in the night attack on Fort Wagner, and in all the toils and danger of the bombardment of Fort Sumter and the siege of Charleston. Returning to the North on account of severe illness he became senior paymaster in charge of all disbursements in the district of Columbus, O., was brevetted lieutenant colonel for mer- itorious services, and resigned from the army June 30, 1866. vSoon after he was placed on the military staff of the governor of New Jerse)', and since April 12, 1867, has filled the office of adjutant-general of the State. He was brevetted a major-general in February, 1874, by the governor and Senate of New Jersey for long and meritorious service. He was admitted to the bar in 18G6, and for some time was president of ftft TlIK .irniflM. AND civil. IlISToKY oK NKW .IKR8KY. the 'rrciUcii liankm- i Ompany, and is now president of the Trt-nton Saving I'lind Society. He lias l)een a close student of American his- tory, and in his residence at Trenton has a larj^e and valuable historical library, especially rich in Americana. He has compiled a " Rej.(ister of Orticers anil Men of New Jersey in the Revolutionary War" (Trenton, 187*2), the first work of this character e\er prepared and issued by any State, and a " Record of Orticers and Men of New Jersey in the Civil War. ISOl-lSr.r*" (1ST(>). lie has also ]Md)lished many monoj4ra])hs relatinj,^ lo the hislorv of New jersey, amonj; these bein^ " Reed Con- troversy" (Trenton, ISTti); "Trenton ( )ne Hundred Years A^o" (ISTS); " Xew jersey Continental Line in the \'ir«4inia Campaign (jf ITSI" (188*2); "The Princeton Surprise " (lSSt>) ; " Washington's Re- ception by the Peo-ple of Xew Jersey in ITS'.t " (ISS'2) ; "The Massacre near ( )ld Tappan " (188'2); " Tiie Capture of the Block House at Toms River, Xew Jersey " (1S,S:5) ; " Xew Jersey Continental Line in the In- dian Campaij,^ of 1779 " (ISS*.) ; "The Old Barracks at Trenton, X. J." (188"»); "The Xew Jersey Volunteers-Loyalists" (1SS7); "The Artair at E<,^iC Harbor, X. j., (1S!)4); "The Battle of Trenton " (189G): "The Continental Army at the crossing of the Delaware River" (180G). He has for many years ensrag^ed in the preparation of two works entitled "The Battles of Trenton and Princeton " and "The P>attle of Mon- mouth." In writing" these two volumes he made an exhaustive search for new facts concerning the Hessian contingent among the military archives of Germany which promise to be of permanent value. He also wrote one of the Century War Papers entitled " 'J'he Swamj) An- gel " in the siege of Charleston. General Stryker is a member of a large number of State historical societies, a Fellow of the American Geographical vSociety and of the Ro3'al Historical Society of London, and a member of the American Historical Association and president of the Xew Jersey Society of the Cincinnati. Francis J. Swavzk, Newark, born in Xewton, X. J., on the loth of May, 18(;i, is a son of Jacob L. and Joanna (Hill) Sway/e, and was graduated from Harvard College in 187!t. His legal studies were inir- sued in the ortlce of Martin Rosenkrans in Newton and at Harvard Law School, and he was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in June, 1882, and as counselor in June, lss'». Mr. Sway/.e was chair- man of the Sussex County Republican Committee from 1880 to 1889, a member of the Republican State Committee from 1889 to 1892, and a BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 87 delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1892. He remov^ed to Newark September 1, 1892, when the present law firm of Colie & Swayze was formed. Charles Addison Swift, Elizabeth, born December 5, 1858, in Eliz- abeth, N. J., is a son of Charles J. and Mary E. Swift, and received a public school education in his native city. He read law in the offices of Joseph Alward, George T. Parrott, and Robert E. Chetwood, and was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney in February, 1880, and as counselor in June, 1891. Mr, Swift was four and a half years a member of the Elizabeth Board of Education, and makes a specialty of real estate law. He was elected city attorney March 1, 1896. John Svkes, Trenton, was born at Trenton, N. J., December 24, 1856, son of John Sykes and Achsa Sykes. After leaving the public schools he entered and was graduated from the New Jersey State Normal School. He entered the office of Woodbury D. Holt and there pursued his legal studies. At the November term in 1887, at Trenton, he was admitted to the bar as attorney, and at the June term, in 1895, at Trenton, he was admitted as a counselor. He married, in Trenton Emma S., daughter of William H. West and Mary Sinclair West. George G. Tennant, Jersey City, born February 1, 1869, in Jersey City, is a son of Thomas and Hannah Tennant, and read law in the office of Robert L Lawrence. He was graduated in 1891 from the Columbia Law School with Dr. Dwight's last class, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney at the June term, 1892, and as coun- selor in November, 1895. Charles Dederer Thompson, Jersey City, born in Newton, Sussex county, N. J,, June 28, 1853, is a son of David and vSusanna (Dederer) Thompson, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1874 and from Columbia Law School under Dr. T. W. Dwight. He also read law at Newton with his father and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney at the June term, 1877, and as counselor at the same term in 1880. He practiced his profession at Newton from June, 1877, until January, 1886, when he came to Jersey City and formed a part- nership with Col. Asa W. Dickinson as Dickinson & Thompson. In April, 1892, John S. McMaster joined the firm under the name of Dickinson, Thompson & McMaster. Mr. Thompson was a member of the Town Council of Montclair, 88 THK Jl'DIClAI, ANI> ( 1 V I L lIISToKV OV NEW JKUSEY. where he resides, in JS'.M ;iiul 1S'.»,">, ami became a member of the Mont- clair Bt)ard of Health in 1S'.>'). He was attorney and counsel fc»r de- fendants in the cases entitled Trotter vs. Heckscher, \:\, II, and l.'i Stewart, and New Jersey Zinc and Iron Company vs. Lehi}.;h Zinc ami Iron Company, ^*4 X'room, and also for the National Docks and X J. J. C\)nnectinj4 Railway Company in the cases against the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, ".':>, "il, "i."), •.*<;, and '.•s X'room and ' and S Dickin- son. ICiiMiMi M. Tmkoi KMoK roN, Red Bank, deceased, was born in Red Bank, X. j., in ISx*"). He was j^raduated from Princeton College, read law with ex(iov. Peter D. Vroom, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey about 1S47. He enjoyed an extensive professional business for many years, lived an upright and honorable life, and died in ISTo, widely respected and esteemed. As a lawyer, he won the entire confi- dence of his clients. He was a man of strict integrity and sound judg- ment, and his legal advice and argument carried the weight of convic- tion. John G. Tkusdell, Newark, born in Wrnon. Sussex county, X. J., May '2'i, 1831, is the son of Jesse and Christiana Jane Trusdell, and a grandson of Stephen Trusdell, who served nearly the whole period of the Revolutionary war, and died upwards of one hundred years of age. Jesse, a farmer, was born July I'.i, IS04, always lived in Sussex county, and died Ai)ril 1), 18'.)4, Jolm G. attended the district schools of his native county, and also studied under the private tutelage of Rcw J. M. Harlow, editor of the Sussex County Home Journal, at Deckertown. He began teaching school in the winter of 1845. but meanwhile con- tinued his literary studies, and in 184!) engaged in mercantile business in Xew York city. He was also connected with other enterprises there and in I*2ssex county, X. J,, until he entered the law oflice of the late Hon. Charles L. C. (iilTord, of Newark. He was admitted to the bar at Trenton in February, 1S7-^, and immediately formed a partnership with his legal preccptf)r under the style of GilTord «.\: Trustleli, which continued until Mr. ( iitTord's death. At the I'ebruary term, 1S75, Mi'. Trusdell was admitted at Trent<^n as counselor. Mr. Trusdell was elected JState senator from Essex county in 18(;;{ and served as such during the sessions of iSfJI, ISO'), and isiw;. He has been a manager of the Dime Savings Institution of Xewark ever since that concern was chartered, and on April 1, 1801, was appointed BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 89 by the governor, judge of the First District Court of that city for five years. He is also special master in chancery. As attorney and coun- selor he has had a large general practice in all the law and equity courts of this State and United States District Court of New Jersey, and throughout a long and eventful career has stood in the front rank of his profession. He has been prominently connected with politics, and from 1860 to 1876 wrote many political articles for newspapers, etc. Mr. Trusdell's brother, Bernard H., two years younger, was licensed and practiced law in this State in 1857, but removed to Illinois and fol- lowed his profession there until 1890, when he retired. Another brother, Abram K. Trusdell, ten years his junior, read law with Ber- nard in Illinois, was admitted there, and for many years has been en- gaged in active practice in Dixon. HoBART TuTTLE, Paterson, born a son of Socrates and Mary (Dickey) Tuttle in Paterson, N. J., on the 25th of August, 1869, was educated in the public and private schools of his native city, and read law with Garret A. Hobart and Eugene Stevenson. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar in Paterson in June, 1895. James Henry Van Cleef, New Brunswick, N. J., born in Branch- ville, Somerset county, N. J., July 12, 1841, is descended from sturdy Dutch stock and traces his Holland ancestry back to 1641. At an early age he removed with his parents to Titusville, Mercer count}-, N. J., where he acquired a rudimentary education in the district schools. He attended Rutgers College Grammar School at New Brunswick, N. J and also Lafayette College at Easton, Pa., and in 1872 received from the last named institution the honorary degree of A. M. He was ad- mitted to the bar of this State as attorney in June, 1867, and as coun- selor in November, 1876. In 1867 Mr. Van Cleef came to New Brunswick, where his mother a member of the Hutchings family, was born, and soon became an in- fluential factor in local politics. An ardent Jeffersonian Democrat he was counsel for the Middlesex county Board of Chosen Freeholders in in 1873 and 1874, corporation attorney of the city of New Brunswick in 1877 and 1878, and assemblyman in 1875, 1881, and ]882. In the As.sembly he was chairman of the Committees on Revision of Laws and Fisheries, and a member of the Committees on Ways and Means Judiciary, Corporations, Reform School for Boys, and an Industrial School for Girls. He has served as mayor of New Brunswick since h 90 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL insTuRV UF NEW JI«:i{SKY. IKSO, hcinj^ eiulorsc'd by both jxtlilical parlies, and in the fall of 1895 was nominated by liis jjaity f«)r Slate senator from Middlesex county. He is a finished scholar and a j^raceful orator, president of the New Hninswick l-'ire Insurance Company, and a member of the Holland So- ciety, Odd Fellows, Masons, Knij^hts of Pythias. Junior Order of American Mechanics, New Jersey Historical Society, Zeta Psi, Ancient Order of United Workmen, and several other orj^^anizations. Gkorc.k V. Van dkk Vker, Somerville. born in Somerset county, N. J., Sei)tember 10, 1S51>, is a son of Isaac and Mary (Skilman) Van der Veer, and descends from a family of the name who settled on Long Island about 1880. He was ^raduatetl from Rutj^ers Cc^llege in 18T'.i, read law in the oHice of Hon. John D. l^artinc. of Somerville, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar in 188'^. He married Miss Adelle IC. Peters and resides in Somerville, N. J. Bknnkt V.an vSvckki , Trenton, was born in Hunterdon county, N.J., April 17, 18;30, and is a son of Aanm and Mary Van Syckel. His ances- tors came to this country from Holland about 1G52. He was graduated from the College of New Jer.sey in 184(J, read law with Alexander Wurts, of Flemington, N. J., and was admitted U) the bar of the State as attorney in 1851, and as counselor in 1854. He was appointed justice of the Supreme Court t)f New Jersey in ]8(]!t, and reajipointcd to that exalted oflice in 1870, 188:5, and for the fourth time in 181>0. He ranks high both as lawyer and jurist, and his services on the bench have been characterized by dignity, fairness, and sound legal judgment. Judge Van Syckel married Miss Mary I'.lizabeth, daughter of William Hand and Caroline Inlay Sloan. Chestkr \'an Sniki.i, is a son of Aaron and Mary Yun Syckel, and was born at Van Syckel Corner, Union township, Hunterdon ct)unty, N. ]., June (», 18:58. He jjursued his preparatory studies at the private schools of J<^hn Van Dcveci- and Thomas Apple in ICaston, Pa., and was graduated from Princeton College in June, 185'.». He read law in Flemington, N. J., in the office of Bennet Van Syckel and was ad- mitted to the bar of this State at Trenton at the November term, 18(;-.', and as counselor at the same place in February, 18(;T. December I'.t, 18r.5, Mr. Van Syckel was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. Mount, daughter of Thomas II. and Catherine (Fisher) Mount, of Mercer county. N. J. John II. Van Winki.k, Plainfield, born in Jersey City on the 4th of A SlOGtlAPHiCAL REGISTER. 91 December, 1842, is the son of Daniel G. and Rachel Van Winkle, and was educated at Rutgers College. He read law with Cornelius Boice, of Plainfield, and was admitted to the bar as attorney in February, 18G6, and as counselor in the same month in 18G9. He was the first mayor of North Plainfield, and has served as corporation counsel of the city of Plainfield. He is a member of the Board of Education of North Plainfield. Harrison Hvres Voorhees, Camden, born in Bennett's Mills, Ocean county, N. J., August 24, 18G7, is a son of Jacob A and Margaret Voorhees, and attended the schools of his native town until eighteen years of age, when he came to Camden, N. J., and was graduated from Richard Fetter's school June 30, 1886. He read law in that city with J. Willard Morgan and was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney in June, 1890, and as counselor in February, 1894. Mr. Voor- hees was elected clerk and auditor of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Camden county on May 8, 1894, and again, for two years, in May 1895. John N. Voorhees was born in White House, Hunterdon county, N, J., March 4, 1835, son of Peter and Rebecca (Wycoff) Voorhees. He was graduated from Rutgers College in 1854, and read law with Hon. Alexander Wurts. He was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney in 1857, and as counselor in 1803, and is one of the most ac- tive lawyers in the county of Hunterdon. He is counselor for the Le- high Valley Railroad, and tried the somewhat celebrated Brennan and Nixon murder cases. Mr. \^oorhees is the owner and publisher of the Flemington Democrat Advertiser, and a frequent and valued contributor to the Princeton Review, the Christian Intelligencer, and other period- icals. He married for his first wife Miss Ellen Large, and for his second wife her sister, Hannah M., both daughters of John K. Large, deceased. His son, Henry Martin Voorhees, is now associated with him, and the law firm is John N. & H. M. Voorhees, Flemington, N. J. Charles Henry Voorhis, Jersey City, born in Spring Valley, Bergen county, N. J., March 13, 1833, is a son of Hon. Henry H. and Eliza (Westervelt) Voorhis, the former being judge of the Bergen Common Pleas from 1857 to 1862. He prepared for college at the ^Spring Val- ley public schools and Washington Institute, Hackensack, and was graduated from Rutgers College with first honor in 1853. He read &2 TIIK Jl'DIClAI. AND ("IVII, HISTollV oK NKW JKUSEV. law in Jersey City witli Zabriskie & Worleiulykc, and was admitted as att«»mey at Trenton at the Novcinhcr term, lS'»t;, and as cf)nnsel<>r at the same term in isr»'.i. Since his admission he lias jiractiecd hiw at Jersey City, with the exception of three years from ISSl to 1SS4 in Ifoboken; he resided in Ilackensack from ISAHto ISSl. Mr. Voorhis was appointed by (Jovernor Ward, president judj^cof the P.erj,'^en Com- mon Pleas in September, 18(!8, in place of II<.n. K. R. I'aulinson, de- ceased. He was the Reimblican representative in Congress from the rifth New Jersey ilistriet. comjirisinji^ the e(»unties of liervjen, Morris, and Passaic, from March I. ls;'.i, to March 1, iSSl, and was president of the First National Hank of Hackensack from January, 1S7"2, to Octo- ber, 1871I. He was also president and treasurer of the first local gov- ernment for Hackensack villajic (established in iscs), the Hackensack Improvement Ct)mmission from 1S7(» to 1S7'2, by which that old town was first im]iroved and by which it is still ijoverncd. WiiiiAM H. \'kKi)i.M;ik(.ii, l''rcehold, is a son of Peter anil ICleanor (Brinckerhoflf) Vredenburgh, and was l)oin in iM-eehold, N. J., August 19, 1840. He was gradiuited from Ruti^ers College in 18r»(», read law in the office of Gov. James D. Bedle, and was admitted to the bar of New jersey as attorney in June, 18G'2, and as coun.selor in June. lS(;."i. He has held the position of advisory master in chancery, and during an active professional career has been cf)nnectcd with many important cases in the various courts of the State as well as before the Ignited States Circuit Court of the District of New Jer.sey. Mr. X'redenburgh was united in marriage to Miss P)essie H. Williams, a daughter of E. Hartshorne Williams, and resides in Freehold. l«iu.\ P.I \\i VkH-i..\M>, Morristown, born in Newark, N. J., Decem- ber ;J0, 185"^ is the son of (ief)rgc Washington and Sarah M. (Smith) Vreeland, and received a common school education. He studied law in Morristown, N. J., with Frederick (i. Hurnham and Frederick A. De Mott, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney at the November term, 187"», and as counselor in June, 18T'.>. He served as township clerk in isTS, IHTO, and 1S8(I, and has had charge of the defense of three murder trials, succeeding in each case in reducing the verdict to murder of the second degree. In November, 1895, Mr. Vreeland was elected to the office of State senator for Morris county for the term of three years. December IS, 1H88, Mr. X'reeland was married at Morristown, N. J., BtOGRAfHICAL tlEGISTEU. &3 to Miss Ida Amelia, daughter of Walter and Emily (Bailey) Piotrowski, of New York city. Mrs. Vreeland died April 2, 189G. George A. Vroom, Camden, born in New Brunswick, N J., October 21, 18G1, is a son of George A. and Gettine M. (Doane) Vroom, and received bis education at Rutgers College. He read law in Camden with John T. Woodhull and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in June, 1885, and as counselor in June, 1888. On March 11, 1893, he was appointed law judge of Camden county. Edwin Robert Walker, Trenton, son of Walter and Mary (Paxson) Walker, was born in Rochester, N. Y. vSeptember 13, 1862, and received his education at the State Model School in Trenton, N. J. He read law in Trenton with S. Meredith Dickinson, esq., and Hon. Garret D. W. Vroom, and was admitted to the Supreme Court of New Jersey as attorney at the June term, 188G, and as counselor in June, 1889. He was counsel of the Board of Cho.sen Freeholders of the county of Mercer in 1891-93 and city counsel of Trenton in 1892-94. Mr. Walker is a lineal descendant of Mahlon Stacy who was one of the Quaker settlers of the city of Burlington in 1078. In 1G79-80 Mr. Stacy bought land on the site of what is now Trenton, built a mill there and was really the founder of the city, although it was named for Judge Trent, who lived in the town many years later. Mr. Walker is a mem- ber of the New Jersey Society Sons of the Revolution, and of several clubs. June 20, 1891, Mr. Walker was married to Miss Sarah Fritz, daugh- ter of Jacob and Sarah (Carlin) Fritz, Hamilton township, Mercer county. N. J. Samuel Walker, Jr., Trenton, was born in Trenton, N. J., October 1, 18G0, was graduated from the High School in his native city in 1879, and read law in the office of ex-Judge James Buchanan. He was ad- mitted in Trenton as attorney in November, 1883, and as counselor in June, 1888. He was a member of the Board of Education in 1882 and 1884, treasurer of the city of Trenton in 1892-94, and county collector in 1894. Alfred Walling, Jr., Keyport, was born in Keyport, N. J., Octo ber 2G, 1845. He is a son of Alfred and Elizabeth (Stout) Walling. Mr. Walling, after completing a common school education, entered the office of Marcus B. Taylor, at Keyport, for the study of law, and was U4 THK .irnKMAl, AND (IVII, HISTnUV oK NEW JKRSEY. adniilted to the bar of New Jersey at tlie November term of ls7:j. ami as counselor in February, ISTT. He served as law judj^e of Mon- mouth county from 1ST".» to IS'.K). Jud^^c Wallinj^ married Miss Hen- rietta Ogden, daughter of Rufus and Susan Oj^dcn. Kdcar Bkthunk \V\ki), Wwark, born in Afton, Morris county, N. J., is the son of Moses D. and J. Louisa Ward, and was educated at Cornell rniversity, Ithaca, X. N'. lie read law in Newark with Kun- yon tV Leonard and with Stone tV Jackson, and was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton as attorney in November, 1872, and as coun- selor in November, ISTTi. He has been a member of the Board of lulucation of Newark, and for over twenty years lias had charj^^e of the law department of the Prudential Insurance Company, the guid- ance of its corjiorate manaocnicnt, framing unicpic insurance contracts, and the intcrjjretation and enforcement thereof. These contracts, which relate to mdustrial insurance, being at the outset unknown in this country, recpiired an endless amount of explanation and the most careful and patient attention before the courts. They have never been overthrown in courts of last resort. Mr. Ward has conducted all the legal cases in which the company has been interested during a period of over twenty years. On October 'M. 1ST7, he was married in Newark U> Miss Hattie N. Jube, daughter of John P. and Sarah A. Jube. He resides in Orange, N. J. C'l.AKKNt K I). W\Ki>, Kahway, born on the 7th of April, 18/)0, in Newark, N. J., is a son of Cai)t, Samuel I). Ward, and received a pub- lic and private school education. He read law in the oftice of J. R. cV N. ICnglish, of Elizabeth, X. J., was graduated from Columbia Law School of New York in May, 1S77, and was admitted to the New Jer- sey bar as attorney in November of that year and as counselor in No- vember. ISSL In ls71 he, with Hon. li. A. Vail, formed the law firm of Vail t!t Ward, of Railway. N. J., and jiracticed law continuously ever since under said firm name. Mi Ward .served as city councilman from the year 1S83 tf) I88G and as counsel for the Hf)ard of Chosen I'^rceholders between the years 1887 and lS'.i-». He married Miss Anna Pauline, yoimgcst daughter of Fred- erick Schumacher. D.wiit O. W^^TKl^•s, Woodbury, son of William and Honore Watkins, was born in Woodbury, N. J.. June 8, 180'i, received his education in BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 95 the public schools of his native town, and read law there with Robert S. Clymer and subsequently with Elbert D. Weed, of Helena, Mont. He was admitted at Helena to the bar of Montana on January, 0, 1803, and before the Supreme Conrt of New Jersey on November !), of the same year. He has been mayor of Woodbury, N. J., four terms, coun- cilman from the Third ward, and president of the Common Council of that city since March, 1895. He is also captain of Co. E, 6th Regt., N. G. S. N. J. He has been connected with several important law cases in both the State and United States Courts. Frederick Weigel, New Brunswick, born on the 10th of March, 1859, in New Brunswick, N. J., is a son of Philip and Anna (Silzer) Weigel, who came to that city from Germany about 1852. He was graduated from Rutgers College in 1880, read law wuth Adrian & Weston imd Hon. Robert Adrian, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar in 1883. He was elected corporation attorney of the city of New Brunswick in May, 1885, and has ever since filled that office He has also for sev- eral years held many positions of trust and responsibility, and as coun- sel has been connected with numerous municipal and tax matters of vital importance. His wife, Catherine A., is the daughter of Daniel and Jane McCurdy, of New Brunswick, N. J. George T. Werts, Jersey City, born in Hackettstown, Warren county, N. J., on the 24th of March, 1816, is a son of Peters Werts, who died about 1886, and a nephew onhis mother's side of the late Attorney- General Jacob Vanatta. In 1849 he moved with his parents to Borden- town, N. J., where he attended the public and high schools. He was later a student at the State Model School in Trenton, and at the age of seventeen went to Morristown to read law in the office of Mr. Vanatta, where, after his admission to the bar in November, 1867, he commenced the practice of his profession. He was recorder of that town from May, 1883, to May, 1885, and mayor from 1886 until he resigned in February, 1892. He was also State senator from Morris county from 1886 to February, 1892, when he resigned to accept the appointment by Governor Abbett of justice of the Supreme Court, succeeding the late Justice Knapp of the Hud- son county circuit. While a member of the Senate he drafted the liquor and ballot reform laws, always took a prominent part in legisla- tion, and during several sessions was the leader of his party (Democrat) on the floor. In 1889 he officiated as president of the Senate, and dis- charged the duties of that office with marked ability and impartiality. 96 TIIK .MDICIAL AND ("IVII, lIlSToIiY C)K NKW JERSEY. In the fall «•» l.S'.fv* Mr. Wcrts was elected j.,M)verii(»r of New Jersey by a plurality of 7, •;•.'.'» voles over John Kean, jr., the Rei)ul)lieaii nominee. He oeeupieil his seat on the Supreme Court bench durinj; the entire campaij^ii, taking; no personal part in it beyond formally accepting; the nomination, wliich was unanimously tendered him by the democratic Stale I'onvention. His term l)e^an in Januar), IS'):5, and expired in January, IS'JO. (iKOktiK S. Wi sr, Camden, is a son of Samuel and Mary (Weldon) West, and was bt»rn in Boston. Mass.. September ]'l, 18")1. William Weldon. his maternal i^randfather, was a prominent member of the bar of I^nj.;land. Mr. West received his education in the schools of Cam- den, N. J. Mr. West was elected t and served three years. In the fall of ISST he was elected surro- jjate of Camden coimly f, Camden, is a son of Charles F. and Kate K. Weygand, and was born in Camden, N. J., June S, 1,ST(». He was educated in the i)idj)lic schools of Camden and Philadelphia, and pur- sued his law studies in his native city in the tjllice of James E. Hays. February 'i;;. IS'.M, he was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as at- torney. Hknkv Si.mmons WnrrK, Jer.sey City, born in Red Bank, Monmouth county, N. J . July Lj, 1844, early decided upon medicine as a i)rofes- sion. He matriculated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York city, and i)assed his final examination in lS(j4, but being un- der age did not receive his degree of M. 1). from that institution until March, 1860. In 1804 he enlisted in the United States armv as assist- ant surgeon and at the close of the war settled in Red Bank, N. J., W. W. CUTLER. I I BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 97 where he practiced his profession two years. He then read law with Hon. William A. Lewis, of Jersey City, was graduated from Columbia Law School and admitted to the bar of New York in June, 1870, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney at the November term, 1872, and as counselor at the same term in 1875. Since then he has practiced law in Jersey City, and resides at Red Bank. In 1890 Mr. White was appointed United States district attorney for New Jersey, to succeed George S. Duryee, who had resigned. Albert A. Wilcox, Paterson, born May 14, 1856, in Haverstraw, N. Y., is the son of Jared and Mary E. (Ashbey) Wilcox, and received his education under private tutelage. He read law with Hon. G. A. Hobart, and was admitted to the bar of this State in June, 1877. He makes a specialty of corporation law. CoRRA N. Williams, Newark, born March 11, 1858, in Mendham, N. J., is a son of James M. and Eunice A. Williams, and was educated in Newark High School and under private tutorship of professors of Columbia College. He was graduated from Columbia Law School, where he read law, and also pursued his legal studies in New York city with Daniel H. Chamberlain, Walter S. Carter, and William B. Horn- blower, and in Newark with A. Q. Keasbey & Sons. He was admitted to the New York bar in 1881, and to the bar of this State as attorney in 1883, and as counselor in 1889. Mr. Williams has since been engaged in the general practice of his profession. He is secretary of the Baltimore and New York Railway Company, and counsel for a number of corporations, including the township of Summit, N. J., where he resides. Edmunj) Wilson, Red Bank, born in vShrewsbury, Monmouth county, N. J., December 15, 1863, is a son of Thaddeus and Charlotte (Miller) Wilson, and was graduated from Princeton College with the class of 1885. He read law in the office of Hon. Henry M. Nevius and finished his legal studies at the Columbia Law School, and was admitted to the bar as attorney in June, 1888, and as counselor in November, 1891. His wife, Helen, is a daughter of W. S. Kimball, M. D. He is the junior member of the law firm of Nevius & Wilson, of Red Bank, N. J. Alhkrt D. WiNFiELi), Paterson, born in Vernon, Sussex county, N. J., June 21, 1845, is the son of Bartlett C. and Rebecca (Rutan) Winfield, and received a common school education. He .served as commissioner M 0^ TIIK .IIDKIAL AND CIVII, IIISTOKV oK NKW .IKRSKY. «»t Uixcsut Palerson tor foil i years ami in November. IS81. was eleeled county clerk of Passaic county, beinji the first Dt'imnrat cliosiii to (ill that ortice in nearly forty years. Fkkkm AN WooDHkiixiK, Xcw Hrunswiclv, born June 'i, IXW, in Sara- toj;a Sprinj^s, X. Y., is a son of John and Helen (I'reeinan) Woodbridj^e, and was j^raduated from New York I'niversity in June, lSSi>. He reail law in New Hrunswick, N. J., with W. Strong &: Sons, and wiis ad- mitted to the bar of this vSiate at the November term. 180*-!. In the same year he was appointed master in chancery and notary public. He is a member of Zeta Psi, and a member of local organizations at New Brunswick. CnAKi.Ks Mandavim.k WooPRii k, ^'ewton, born in Sparta, Sussex county, N. J., September 17, 1.S4S, is the son of Moses and Syrah M. Woodruff, received a public school education in his native town from 18")4 to 1804, and read law with John Linn, of Newton. He was ad- mitted before the Supreme Court at Trenton as attorney November I(», 187:3, and as counselor at the February term 1883, and has been trustee of the Newton public school since 1890. Phii.kmon Woodruff, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., March 17, 1853, is a son of George D. and Mary (Cireen) Woodruff, and was grad- uated from Newark Academy in 1869 and from Princeton College in 1873. He read law^ in his native city with Whitehead &Condit, finished his legal studies at Columbia Law School, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney at the November term, 1876, and as counselor at the same term three years later. Mr. Woodruff was chairman of the ttjwnship committee of P>ast Orange (where he resides) in 1SS4 and township counsel in 1892. He has practiced his profession in Newark continuously since 1876. RoiiKKi Si'KNeKK WooKKiFi , 'rrent(»n, is a native of Newark, N. J., and a son of James H. and Diana (Menagh) Woodruff, and was ed- ucated at the State Model School, the State Normal School, and Rut- gers College, receiving from the latter institution the degrees of A. Ij. and A. NL He r'^ad law in Trenton with Lewis Parker, jr., and wa.s admitted to the bar as attorney at the June term, 1868, and as coun- selor in June, 1876. He was a member of the Common Council lA Trenton in 1870, president of the Board of Education in 1879, 1880 and 189'>, member of assembly in 187.'), receiver of taxes from 1871 to 1876, judge of the District Court of Trenton from 1877 to 1888, trustee of BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 99 the School for Deaf Mutes from 1886 to 1891, and president jiido-e of the Court of the Common Pleas from 1890 to the present time. He was also principal of the Rutgers College Grammar vSchool from 1871 to 1874 and lecturer on commercial law at that institution from 187oto 1875. Judge Woodruff is a prominent lawN^er, well versed in the jurispru- dence of the State, and is universally recognized as an able jurist and sound advocate. H.XRRV WooTTON, Atlantic City, born in Atlantic City, N. J., Octo- ber 31, 1869, is the son of Henry and Ann Jane Wootton, and received his education in the High School of his native town and at Columbia College. He read law with Hon. Joseph Thompson, of Atlantic City, and with Birdseye, Cloyd & Bayliss, of New York, was graduated from the New York Law School in June, 1892, and was admitted to the bar of' New Jersey at Trenton as attorney at the June term, 1892, and as counselor at the February term, 1896. During the four years in which he has practiced his profession he has built up a large and suc- cessful business, and makes a specialty of real estate law. One of the important cases carried successfull}- through the Court of Errors and Appeals by him was that of Collins vs. Waters, decided at the March term, 1896. Raymond P. Wortendyke, Jersey City, born at Pascack, Bergen county, N. J., December 30, 1845, is a son of Peter P. and Harriet Wortendyke, attended the public schools of Pascack and Hackensack, and was graduated from the New Jersey State Normal School June 10, 1862. He then taught school for upwards of seven years, the last three in Hasbrouck's Institute in Jersey City. Meanwhile he had studied law three and a half years in the office of Hon. Jacob R. Wor- tendyke and six months with ex-Senator Brinkerhoff, and being thus prepared was admitted to the bar at Trenton as attorney June 3, 1869, and as counselor June 6, 1872. He resides in Englewood, Bergen county, where he has served as public school trustee for twenty years and as counsel of the Public Road Board for ten years. He has also been the counsel of the township of Englewood for many years and is now city attorney of the city of Englewood. Rynier J. Wortendyke, Jersey City, born August 24, 1860, in Jer- sey City, N. J., is the son of Jacob R. and Susan J. (Doremus) Wor- tendyke. He was graduated from Rutgers College in 1882. His law 1(M> TllK Jl'DICUL AND CIVII IIISTOFiV nF XKW .IKRSFV stiulics were pursued in the <»fiicc ol \'reclenbui-h lV ijariclsun ol Jer- sey City, and at Columbia Law Sehool, reeeivinj^ from the latter in- stitution the degree of LL. H. in 1SS4. At the June term in ISS/i he was admitted as attorney, and at tlie same term in IHSH as eounselor, to the bar of New Jersey. jwii-C, VoiN(;iii.oon, Morristown, born Xovember'^5, 1H40, in Mor- ristown, X. j , is a son of Jacob and Maria Younj^blood, and eom- pleted his common school education at the aj^^e (^f fifteen. He read law in his native city with Hon. X'ancleve Dalrymple for three years, and with Hon. Henry C. Pitney for fourteen mcjnths, and was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton as attorney at the June term, 1SG4, and as counselor at the same term in iSdT. He was in partnershij) with Mr. Pitney for about nineteen years, and the firm durinj^ its ex- istence had charge of many important law cases and other legal busi- ness. Mr. Voungblood served as counsel of the Board of Chosen Free- holders of Morris county fnnn May, 1800, to May, 18T3, was a mem- ber of assembly from the First district of Morris county in 1875 and 18TG, served as senator from Morris county from 1881 to 188G inclu- sive, and was postmaster of Morristown from Februar}' "28, 181)1, to February 'iS, 1895. On November 20, 18(;T, he was married in the church of the Holy Trinity, Brooklyn, X. V., by Rev. William F. Mf)rgan, D. D., rector of St. Thomas's church, Xew York city, assisted by Rev. Dr. Littlejohn (now bishop), to Miss Mary F., daughter of Philemon D. and Hannah M. Lawrence. FkEDKKic Ada.ms, Newark, born October 1>, 1840, in Amherst. X. H., is the son of Rev. Frederic Augustus and NL'iry J. (Means) Adams; the father, of New Ipswich, X. H., being a graduate of Dartmouth College and a clergyman and teacher, and the mother a daughter of Col. David McOregor Means, of Amherst. Mr. Adams was graduated from Phillips Academy at Andover in 1858 and frf)m Yale College in 18G*2, read law at Harvard Law School in 18G3-(;4, and was admitted to the bar in New York city in 18G4. He was admitted to practice in this State as an attorney in February, 18GS, and as a counselor in Xovembcr, 18?3. On October 27, 1870, Mr. Adams was married in I'utnam, Ohio, to Ella, daughter of John S. and Martha S. King. She died on Xovem- ber 14, 18ru'), leaving five children surviving her. Mr. Adams resides in Summit, X.J. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 101 John Stilwell Applegatk, Red Bank, is a descendant of Thomas Applegate, who was with the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts prior to 1G35, and was the progenitor of the Applegate family in America. Of his three sons, one, Thomas Applegate, jr., settled in Middletown, Monmouth county, X. J., in 1674, and to his line belongs the subject of this sketch. The father of John was Joseph vStilwell Applegate, whose grandfather, John Stilwell, was an ofificer in the war of the Revolution. His mother was Ann Bray, a descendant of Rev. John Bray, a Baptist clergyman from England who settled in Monmouth county about the year 1G80, and was the founder of the Baptist church at Holmdel, N. J. John Stilwell Applegate was born in the township of Middletown, August 6, 1837. He was graduated at Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y., in the class of 1S58. Choosing the law as his profession, he studied in New Jersey with Robert Allen, jr., esq., and later with Hon. William L. Dayton, until the latter was appointed minister to France, when he completed his course with the late Edgar B. Wakeman, of Jersey City. He was licensed as an attorney in November, 18G1, and as counselor in ISGo. He began and has continued the exercise of his profession at Red Bank, N. J., practicing in the vState and Federal courts. Among the more important reported cases with which he has been connected are those of Marsh vs. Mitchell, New York and Long- Branch Railroad against Taylor, Second National Bank of Red Bank against Farr, Western Union Telegraph Company against Rogers, Township of Middletown against Hallenbake, City of Long Branch against Sloane, George W. Childs against Collector of Long Branch, New York and Long Branch Railroad Company against Borough of South Amboy, Eatontown against Shrewsbury, Edwards against Braeu- tigam, Holmdel against Shrewsbury, and State against Borough of Atlantic Highlands. Between 1875 and 1879 Hon. Henry M. Nevius was associated in business with him in the name of Applegate & Nevius, and in 188-4 he formed a copartnership with Frederick W. Hope, in the name of Apple- gate & Hope, which still continues. During the Civil war he was special deputy of the Union League of America, organizing a number of chapters of that patriotic organiza- tion. For a number of years he served as school superintendent of the township of Shrewsbury, being elected as a Republican. He was a member of the State Republican Committee in the successful guberna- 102 THK JUniriAI. AND ri\ II iil-iMi;^ ..h \K\\ .IKKSKV. lorial campaig^n of Marcus L. Ward in 18»i5. He assisted in orjjanizinp the first l)uilding and loan association of his town, for a number of years serving as its president, and in IHT') he initiated a movement which resulted in the orj^anization of the Second National Bank of Red Bank, and was elected president of the new institution, which position he filled until his resij4:nation in 1S8T. Uj^on the incorporation of his town he was one of the first members of its governing body, and was elected as its chief the following year. In 1881 he was elected a mem- ber of the New Jersey State Senate, being the first Republican to rej)- resenl the cf)unty in that jiosition, and receiving the largest majority ever given to a Rej)ublican candidate by the voters of Monmouth county. While a member of the Senate he drafted and caused to be passed under the pressure of his influence a number of important laws. ( )ne of these was the act requiring the public ])rinting to be done by contract by the lowest responsible bidder, which resulted in a large pecuniary saving to the State In 1882 he assisted in organizing and building the New York and Atlantic Highlands Railnxid, serving as its president until its consolidation with the Central Railroad (jf New Jersey. He is counsel of a number of corporations, and among those are the Western l'ni«in Telegraph Ctjmpany, The New York and Long Branch Railroad Company, The Second Nati0, and as counsel in 1H88 and lH90-'t;;. and is now mayor of the city <»f I'^ast Newark, where he resides. He lias arj^ued several cases «»f municipal importance. July S. ISSO, he married Helen O'Uonavan. of Newark. Mr. Ken- ny's father came from Dublin. Ireland, to Newark, N. J., in 1S4T, and died there in ISST; his wife Margaret died in 1SK8. Fk.xNcis Wai.l.a*. I Knowiis, Newark, horn in HutValo, N. V.,July K;, 1S65, is the son of Rev. Dr. Joseph H. Knowles and Ellen J., dauj^h- ter of Isaiah Toy, his wife, and came to Newark, N. J., in his youth. His father was pastor of the P'irst M. H. church of Hutfalo, and is now on the editorial staff o{ the New York Mail and Express. Francis was {graduated from Newark Academy in 1S.S2, attended Wesleyan Univer sitv, and was graduated from Harvard College in 1888, winning two pri/.cs and paying his expen.ses in newspaper work. He then entered the law office of Hf)n. J. Frank Fort, in Newark, and also took a course of lectures at Columbia Law vSchool, and was admitted to the bar of this State before the June term of the Supreme Court in 1801. During his three years in the office of Judge Fort the latter was part owner of the IVess- Register and Mr. Knowles had entire charge of the editorial pages of that paper. Mr. Knowles is attorney for several large corporations and has been connected with such important cases as Seder vs. Jacobs, Duerr vs. Hoard of Fire Commissioners of Newark, Boylan vs. City of Newark, the Fox and Slater estates, and the Industrial Land Development Com- pany, He is president and managing director of the C (in the practice of his profession), and continued to practice law tlicre until August, ISOl, when he entered the Union army as first lieutenant, Fifth Regiment, New Jersey Volunteers. He served all through the civil war — in the Army of the Potomac to the fall of lRf;:j; in the Department of the Cumberland to summer of 1805; and in the U. S. War Department to September, 18(;7, when he retired as brigadier-general, U. S. \'olunteers (brevet), " for meritorious and distinguished services, War of 18fil." He was thus five times pro moted on the recommendation of such otTicers as Generals Mott, Hooker, McClellan, Thomas, Sherman and Grant, and served in suc- cession at regimental, brigade, division, corps, army, department and general U. S. army headquarters — a record unetpialed in kind by any New Jersey officer. Returning to Trenton, he resumed the practice of law. and in ISOS was nominated for Congress by the Republican party, Second New Jersey District (over ex-Governor Newell), but was defeated by a small majority, this district being heavily Democratic as then constituted. In 1800 he was appointed United States pension agent for New Jersey by President Grant, and reappointed imtil 1877, when the New Jci-sev a'^eiicy was abolished, with otliers, by consolida- I BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 107 tion. Since then he has been engaged in general law practice and real estate business, and is now counselor at law in all New Jersey and U. S. Courts. In 1895 he was appointed by Governor Werts on a commis- sion to consider the advisability of the State accepting certain lands at Englishtown, N. J., for a blind asylum, etc. ; in 1896 he was appointed by Governor Griggs on a commission to investigate the subject of tax- ation in New Jersey; and in 1897 he was appointed a commissioner from New Jersey to the Tennessee Centennial Exposition, and became president of the New Jersey commission. As an author, he has written considerably for various periodicals; for the Quarterly Review, United States Service Magazine, Harper's Magazine, the Century, Christian Advocate, etc. In 1875 he published a volume entitled "Across America, or the Great West and the Pacific Coast," being an account of his observations and adventures there, when inspector U. S. army, which passed through two editions. In 1886 he wrote a " History of State Street M. E. Church, Trenton, N. J." with a summary of the early history of Methodism in Trenton and New Jersey. In 1876 he delivered the annual address at both Dickinson Seminary and Dickinson College, and in 1888 and 1895 the annual ad- dress at Pennington Seminary. In 1890 and 1895 he wrote a " History of Pennington Seminary." In 1889 he delivered the Fourth of July Oration at Ocean Grove, N. J. In 1890 he received the degree of LL.D. from his alma mater, Dickinson College. In 1895-96 he delivered an address on the "March of Methodism," in Philadelphia, Camden, Bridge- ton, Trenton, Bridgeport, Conn., Cleveland, O., and elsewhere, and he has been a frequent speaker at literary, political and religious gather- ings in New Jersey and elsewhere since 1859. On June 17, 1896, at As- bury Park, he read a paper on the " Battle of Monmouth," before the Society. of the Sons of the American Revolution of the State of New Jersey, which was a clear and critical account of that battle and of much historic value. He was president of Mercer County Sunday School Association 1875-1876, and trustee of Dickinson College 1862 to 1880. He was elected trustee of Pennington Seminary in 1868 and has served con- tinuously since (except a year or so), and has been president of the Board of Trustees there since 1889. In 1852 he was one of the chief founders of the Alpha Omega Society there. In 1888 he founded the " Rusling Medal " for good conduct and scholarship there. He joined the Methodist Episcopal church in 1848, and is now a member and 108 THK JIDICIAI, ANT) ciVII. 11IST()|;V oK NKW .IKRSKV. trustee of the State Street M. IC. church, Trenton, X J. His father, j^ rand fat her, and j^rcat-jjrandfalhcr were all Methodists before him — indeed, back to John Wesley and his times. In IH'.M) he was elected a lay dele^^ate to the Oeneral Conference of the M. IC. church at Cleve- land, O. , for the New Jersey Conference, and delivered the address on behalf of the laymen in response to that city's address of welcome. General Ruslingf, it must be said, has thus served his age and time honorably and creditably, both as a lawyer and soldier — as a citizen and man, and few public men in New Jersey now command a more attentive audience. lie was married January 1, isr)8, to Mary Freeman, daughter of Rev. Isaac Winner, I). D., of Pennington, N. J., who died the same year, without issue. He re married June 3(>, 1870, to Emily Welles, daughter of Mr. Isaac Wood, of Trenton, X. J., by whom he has had a son, James Wood, born May :}, 1874, and a daughter, Emily Welles, born October 18, 1884 — both living. His grandfather, James Rusling, emigrated from Winterton, Lincolnshire, England, in 1705, and his great-grandfather, William McCullough, was a captain in the Revolu- tionary war. His father, Henjamin McCullough, also a captain in tliat war, came from North of Ireland about 173"), and settled in (jreenwicli, Sussex (now W^arren) county, N. J. S.vMUKi. Moi N r S( MKNCK, of Hightstowu, born near Freeh(jld, Mon- mouth county, X. J., is the son of Henry vSchenck and Mary Ann Mount, his wife, and on his father's side traces his lineage through other families of Dutch descent, notably the van Schuyler, the van Voorhees, the Smock, and the van Couwenhoven. He is of Schenck van Nydeck, the Holland branch of the German family. Die Schencken (the Cup Bearer), the first now known being the. Knight Edgar, surnamed the Schenck, who in the reign of Charlemagne was the Burg-Schencke, Wine Keeper of the Castle of the Imperial Palat- inate at Aix-la-Chapelle, which office his posterity inherited for a long time, deriving their name from the same. He flourished about 79S A. D. His wife's name was Fredegundc, born in the region of the Moselle. The old Coat of Arms of the family is derived fn^m the office formerly belonging to its members in the German Imperial household at Aix-la Chapelle and exhibits a goblet in the center of a blue shield. The blazon of the Arms and the Crest of the family Schenck van Nydeck, HARKY S. DOUGLASS. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 109 Dutch heraldry, are as follows: Arms — Sable, a lion rampant, Or, lang-ued et arme. Gu. and Az. Crest — Out of a Coronet (German baron's), Or, a demi-lion rampant. Or, langued et arme. Gu. and Az. (wSee America Heraldica, by E. De V. Vermont, and authority there quoted ; also Lieutenant A. D. Schenck's Rev. William Schenck, his Ancestry and Descendants, and the family of Schenck, by its genealogist, the late Rev. Garret C. Schenck, in Ellis's History of Monmouth county.) Through the Barons van Toutenburg, the family, upon the authori- ties stated, is traced down to Christianns Schenck van Nydeck (German, Schenk von Nydeggen), the second son of Reynier Schenck, Baron van Toutenburg, in 1225, and from him through Gen. Peter Schenck, the brother of Sir Martin, so prominent in the war between the Neth- erlands and Spain, is further traced, without a break, down to Roelof Martense Schenck, who emigrated to America from Amersfoort, Hol- land, in 1650, and settled on Long Island. He was a Captain of Horse, styled Gentleman, commissioned justice for Kings county, N. Y., and was one of the richest, if not the richest man on the island in his day. His son, Garret Roelofse Schenck, also styled Gentleman in his will, and of large means, settled in Monmouth county, N. J., in 1696, and was a member of the Provincial Assembly of New Jersey from 1721 to 1726. His son, Koert, was the father of the Rev. William Schenck, the ancestor of the late Gen. Robert C. Schenck and of Admiral James Findlay Schenck, of Ohio. The same Koert was the grandfather of one Koert, quite a traditional hero in the war of the Revolution, whose son, Peter Voorhees Schenck, was commissioned lieutenant by Governor Bloomfield in 1806, and this Peter was the father of Henry Schanck, the father of Samuel M Henry Schanck was a farmer, one of the five justices first elected by the people under the new con stitution for five years; was re-elected, and after the second term de- clined another election. He was elected a commissioner of appeals in 1854 and annually thereafter until his death in December, 1881. The surname should be spelled with an c instead of an a, the latter form having been first adopted in this line of descent by Lieut. Peter, to make the spelling suggest the correct English pronunciation. Samuel Mount Schenck was educated at Freehold Institute, then in charge of O. R. Willis its principal, a prominent educator, and under the private tutelage of Charles A. Walters, an excellent teacher in that school. He read law with Aaron R. Throckmorton, of Freehold and 110 THK .Il'I»l«! \I. AND CIVIL IIISTOKV (»K NKW JKRSEY. James Oiterson, «)t' I'hiladelpliia, and while in the latter city took a CDiirse of lectures in the Law Department of the I'niversity <>{ Penn- sylvania under E. Spencer Miller, Peter McCall, and Judge Sharswood. lie was admitted before the Supreme Court of New Jersey as attorney at November term, 18G2, and as counselor at the same term in 1805. He was elected mayor of the Borough of Hightst(nvn in 1870 and 1882, was its attorney for several years, is att(jrncy for his township, and was one of the prime movers in organizing the First National Hank of Ilightstown, of which he is attorney, and for some time was one of the directors. He was highly influential in consolidating the Central National Bank with this institution and harmonizing their conflicting interests, and was also vice-president and treasurer of the Pennsylvania, Slatington Sc New England Railroad Company, running from Slating- ton, Pa., through Wairen and Sussex counties, N. J., to Pine Island, N. Y. To the great slate interests in the t(iwn Pen Argyl, on the line of this road, in connection with II(;n. E. T. R. Applegate and others, he added the enterprise of purchasing lands, laying out streets, and the sale of lots, by which that place became rapidly built up. He also organized the company owning its beautiful cemetery, and the Blue Ridge and Pen Argyle Slate Companies, as well as the Pen Argyle Land Improvement Company. Returning from these enterprises to the active practice of his profession, his tastes, as well as the interests of his clients prompt him, to shun the expense and risks of trials in the courts when it can well be avoided. He has a varied and extensive law practice. Mr. Schenck resides at li^vergreen, a farm and sul)urb of Hightstown. He was married on June "20, 1806, at St. Peter's church. Freehold, N. J., to Mary Augusta, daughter of James Lloyd and Nancy Ely Johnson, his wife. Mr. Lloyd was a merchant and the son of William Lloyd, who was a member of the General Assembly and Legislative Council, judge of the court of Common Pleas, county collector, sheriff of Mon- mouth county, and a soldier all through the Revolution. Brevet-Major Richard Lloyd, a brother of William, was an oflicer of prominence in the Revolutionary war, and one of the first members of the Society of the Cincinnati in New Jersey. Nancy Ely Johnson was a grand- dnughter of William Johnson, also a soldier of the Revolution, who as tradition gives us, was confined in the prison ship Jersey, from which he escaped by swimming; it is certain he was imi)risoned in one of the old Sugar Hou.ses in New York, from which he was taken to Statcn BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. HI Island and from there escaped. Mrs. Schenck, like her husband, is connected with several other old Monmouth families, and in the direct line of descent with the Corlis, Grandin, Throckmorton, and Forman. Peter L. Voorhees was born at Blawenbur^h, Somerset county, N. J., July 12, 1825. He was of pure Dutch ancestry, and was a direct descendant in the male line of Coert van voor Hees, who lived prior to IGOO in front of Hees, near Ruinen, Drenthe, Holland, and whose son, Steven Coerte, a man of means, emigrated from Holland in the ship Bontekoe, in April, 1660, to America, settling at Flatbush, Long Island, where he purchased a large estate. The New Jersey family was founded by Peter Gerritse Van Voorhees, the great grandson of the emigrant, who left Long Island in 1720 to escape the payment of tithes to the English Church, which the Colonial Government was en- deavoring to collect. He settled at Blawenburgh, N. J., becoming one of the chief land owners in the county. The original plantation de- scended in a direct line through successive generations to Judge Peter Voorhees, the father of Peter L. Voorhees, the subject of this sketch. Peter L. Voorhees received his education in the common schools of his native township, and upon reaching his majority chose the law for his profession. He entered the office of Richard vS. Field, of Princeton, as a student, and at the same time attended the lectures of the law school of Princeton College, from which he was graduated in 1851. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar in the same year, and in the following year settled in Camden, N. J., where he practiced his pro- fession continuously for nearly forty-five years, and where he died No- vember 29, 1895. Mr. Voorhees's strong mental characteristics, supplemented by an unflagging zeal, a persevering industry and a sterling integrit}^ soon secured for him an acknowledged position among the leaders of the bar. He was a profound lawyer, of marked ability in the preparation and trial of causes, and the judicial reports of his State show him to have been engaged in many large and important suits. He was opposed to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in the memorable suit of Black vs. the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company, in which was involved the control of the New Jersey railways now operated by the former corporation, and was so successful in court that it was compelled to procure special legislation to effect its purpose. In his early practice he was counsel for the city of Camden, and later, about 1866, he was 112 TMK .MDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OV NKW JKRSK7. tendered the appointment of justice of tlie New Jersey Supreme Court, whieli, however, he declined, on account of the insufficient salary at- tached to it. For a lonjj term of years he was counsel for the Pennsyl- vania Railroad Company, and its associated comi)anies for the district of Camden, resi}4:nin<^ about two years before his death on account of his health. At the time of his death he was president of the Camden Safe De- posit and Trust Conii)any, a director of the West Jersey Ferry Company and of the West Jersey Title and (luaranty Company, one of the man agers of the Cooper Hospital, one of the trustees of the Cooper estate, president of the Camden County Bar Association, a member of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution of New Jersey, an ex-vice- president of the Holland Society of New York and (^f the Xederland Society of Philadelphia, and in wisdom, ability and worth the foremost citizen of the community in which he had lived. In his religion he was a member of the First Presbyterian church of Camden, X. J., which he largely assisted in establishing, and was a sincere and faithful follower of the doctrine and beliefs which his Dutch ancestors contended for with so much persistence and success. Frkdkric Wii.i.i.A.M W.\RD, Newark, born in Rahway, N. J., January 30, 1S58, is the son of Samuel D. and Rebecca M. Ward, and a descend- ant of the Morris county, N. J., branch of the Ward family. Samuel was born and lived until his majority in Hanover, his mother being a member of the Dodds of Bloomheld. His wife was a daughter of Isaac Miller, a long time resident at Lyons T^arms, while her mother came from the Miller family which lived prior to the Revolutionary war in what is now a part of the city of IClizabcth. V. W. Ward was gradu- ated from Rahway Seminary in ISTO, read law in Newark with Fred- eric W. Stevens, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney at the February term, isTit, and as counselor at the same term in 1S,S*2. From his admission imtil May, 1S(»1, he was in parlnershij) with his preceptor, and since then has been connected with many cases mainly in the Court of Chancery and Circuit Court. June 14, 1S8S, Mr. Ward was married to Miss Jessie ()., daughter o\ James and Harriet M. (Iledden) Peck, of Fast Orange, where he resides, Jacoi! Ewinc; Ward, Newark, born in Afton, N. J., is a son of Moses Dodd and J. Louisa (Sayre) Ward, and was graduated from Rutgers BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 113 College in 1875. His ancestors on both sides fought for independ- ence in the Revolutionary War, His law studies were pursued in Newark with Stone & Jackson, and he was admitted as attorney in ■June, 1878, and as counselor in February, 1892. He resides near Madison, N. J., his office being in the Prudential building', Newark, N.J. Charles D. Hennion, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., March 23, 1855, was educated in the Grammar School of his native city, and also read law with the late firm of McCarter & Keen. He was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton at the June term, 1877, as an attor- ney, and since 1884 has been a clerk in the Essex county Surrogate's Court. George William Wrav Porter, Newark, born in Phoenixville, Ches- ter county. Pa., December 22, 1863, is a son of Rev. Joseph W. and Rebecca (Stem) Porter, and was graduated from Trenton Model School in 1881 and from Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., in 1885. He studied law with McCarter, Williamson & McCarter, of Newark, and was ad- mitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in 1888, and as counselor in 1891. Mr. Porter served under Joseph Coult as assistant city counsel of Newark from February, 1890, to May 1, 1892, since which time he has had charge of the completion of titles, under the Martin act, to prop- erties bought by that city. Mr. Porter was elected on the Republican ticket a member of the Assembly of New Jersey of 1897 from Essex county by a majority of 21,575, which was the highest majority of any of the Assembly candidates. AbGUST W. RosiNGER, Newark, born in Germany on the 31st of De- cember, 1853, came to this country with his parents at an early age. He was educated in the public schools of Harrison and Newark, N. J., and under private tutelage, and read law in the office of Charles T. Glen, of Newark. He was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton before the Supreme Court as an attorney at the November term, 1878, and as a counselor at the June term, 1886, and is now a member of the law firm of Glen & Rosinger. He was married in January, 1880, to Miss Mary E., only daughter of the late William C. Davis, of Newark, captain of Co. H, 2d D. C. Vols., in the war of the Rebellion. Eliwari) Wade Benjamin, Newark, born in Brooklyn, L. I., January 13, 1867, is the son of Edward and Hannah Benjamin, and received a o 114 TIIK JIDICIAL ANI> CIVIL HlSTOFiV kK NKW .IKFISEY. jireliminary educatioti in the public schools. He is descended from an old New Enjifland family, whose projj^enitors came over in the May- flower. While a youth he served about two and one-half years as clerk in the Chemical National Hank of New York city. After bein;; jtradii- ated from Columbia College Law School in ISHS. he studied law with McCarter, Williamson & McCarter, of Newark, and was admitted to the bar at the February term of the New Jersey Supreme Court, IH'.tj. He is a member of the Common Council fnmi the IClevenlh ward of Newark, and in the fall of 1885 was elected a vice-president to rei)re sent the Sixth Congressional district of the State Republican League of New Jersey. Adrian Rikkk, Newark, liorn in Clinton township, Essex county, N. J., Auj^ust Kl, 1858. is a son of William Riker, of Holland-Dutch descent, and vSarah M. Hunter, his wife of .Scotch- English ancestry. He was educated at Newark Academy, Princeton College, and Colum- bia Law School, and was admitted to the bar of New York in 1S".»1 and to the New Jer.sey bar as attorney in June, 1883, and as coimselor in November, 1887. He is master in chancery and was member of assem- bly in 1888 and 1889, and is a member of the law firm of Riker & Riker. December 'i, 1801, he married Louise C, daughter of Ichabod W. and Mary L. Dawson, of Newark, N. J. Edward S.anderson Black, Newark, bt)rn in Newark, N. J.. March iy, 1856, is the son of Joseph and Hannah R. (Sander.son) Black, a Scotch- man, and was educated at Peddie Institute and Columbia Law School, graduating from the latter May 14, 18TH. He read law with Hon. J. Frank Fort, was admitted to the bar as attorney in February, 187'.», and as counselor in June, ISH'I, and has been connected with such cases as the Newark Savings Institution's second failure, the Maggie Albrecht murder trial and Orrin Iv Run\(in vs. Wilkinson, Ciaddis & Co. Ik- was i)resident of the First Presidential \'oters' Association in 1880, and of the old Thirteenth Ward Republican I'.xecutive Committee from 1882 to 1885, and has been a member of the city and county Republican committees. He is a member of the New Jersey Historical Society and has delivered several lectures, written many articles for newspapers, and translated numerous poems from the (MVII. IIISTolvV nV NKW JKRSKY. of the Rricli churcli in Orange and latei' as treasurer of the Union Tlieo- lojjical Seminary. His wife, Susan C, born in St. Johnsbury, Vt., in 1814, was a dauy^hter of Luther Chirk. Joseph I), (iallaj^lier read law with Hon. John Whitehead, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in November, 1880, and as counselor in June, 1885. No- vember 15, 18S1, he married Barbara Mary, daughter of William and Eli/.abetli ( Whiterijjlit) Mcintosh, of Bloomlield, N. J., wliere lie resides. Tmo.mas Nksihi t McC.artkr, Jr., Newark, born October 'iO, 18('.7, in Newark, N. J., is the son of Hon. Thomas N. anil the late Mary L. (Ha^jj^erty) McCarter, and was graduated from Princeton C(»llege in ISSS. He pursued his legal studies under the direction of his father and at Columbia Law School and was admitted as attorney in June, 1801, and as coun.selor in June, 1894. He is a master in chancery and a member of the law firm of McCarter, Williamson & McCarter, of Newark. In February, 1895, he was appointed by Governor Griggs judge of the First District Court of the City of Newark, and assumed the duties of that office April 1, 1895, for a term of five years. This l^osition, however, docs nr)t interfere witii the duties of his j^rivatc practice. Ernkst E. Coe, Newark, born in Newark, X. J., I'Y'bniary 14. 1S41, is the son of Joseph D. and Abby W. (Brown) Coe, and of English de- scent. His ancestors on both sides were among the earliest .settlers of his native city and took an active part in the Revolutionary war. The house of his great-grandfather, Benjamin Coe, on the corner of Court and Washington streets, Newark, was burned by the British during that struggle. Mr. Coe was educated at the Newark Wesleyan Insti- tute (now the Newark Academy), read law in the same city with David A. Hayes, and was admitted to the New Jensey bar as an attorney in February, 1862, and as a coun.selor in February, 1865, and since his ad- mission ha.s been in active practice in Newark, where he. has been officially interested in several public improvement associations. He is the recording .secretary of the New Jersey Historical Society, is a mem- ber and formerly a director of the Sons of the American Revolution, and over the nom-de-plume of " Antiquary " has done considerable newspaper work, mainly on historical subjects. He is also the treasurer and one of the organizers of the Revolutionary Memorial Society. September T, 1870, he married Julia P., daughter of Jacob H. Burnet, of Newark. i BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 117 Aaron Cok, Newark, born October 2, 1779, in Newark, N. J., was the son of Benjamin Coe and Bethia, daughter of Ichabod Grummon, his wife, and the grandson of Benjamin Coe, whose home on the cor- ner of Court and Washington streets, Newark, was burned by the Eng- lish in the Revolutionary war. Afterward the family moved to Han- over, Morris county. Mr, Coe was graduated from Princeton College in 1797 and was licenesd as an attorney in 1801. In 1834 he was ap- pointed judge of the Essex County Court of Common Pleas and served iive years. For several years he was a director of the Newark Banking and Insurance (now the National Newark Banking) Company. As a lawyer and jurist he commanded respect and confidence, and during an active career was highly esteemed. In 1804 he married Catharine Han- sen Elmer, daughter of Dr. Philemon Elmer, of Westfield, N. J., whose first American ancestor came from England in the ship Rose in 1632, two years prior to the coming of Robert Cooe (from Sussex county, England), the ancestor of the Coe family. Judge Coe died in West- field, N. J., June 20, 1857, leaving two sons: Philemon Elmer Coe, born June 20, 1815, died unmarried December 20, 1873, who was graduated from Princeton in 1834, entered the Presbyterian church in 1839, and became a clergyman in the Protestant Episcopal church in 1842, hold- ing as such pastorates in Plainfield and Westfield, N. J. ; and George Washington Coe, born February 22, 1818, practiced as a physician in Orange, N. J., and died in 1846. Catherine E., a daughter of Aaron Coe, married Alfred Mills, counselor at law, of Morristown. Another daughter, Julia E., became the wife of Dr. Nathan W. Condict. Abraham Manners, Newark, born in Mercer county, N. J., July 14, 1835, is a son of Jacob S. and Ann Maria Manners, and received his early education in the schools of Hunterdon county. He read law with Bennet Van Syckle, now judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, and at the Poughkeepsie (N. Y. ) Law School, and was admitted at Trenton as an attorney at the June term, 1859, and as counselor at the November term, 1862, Since his admission Mr. Manners has been in active and successful practice in Newark, N. J. At the charter election of 1895 he was elected alderman of the Fourth ward of that city. On December 21, 1864, he married Mary Ann, daughter of Charles W. and vSarah (Merrill) Stout, of Hopewell township, Mercer county, N. J. John Albert McGown, Newark, born in Glasgow, Scotland, JanTiary 23, 1865, came to America in 1886, leaving Glasgow on September 24, IIH THK .irniriAl. .\NI» civil, IIISTOKV oV NKW JKRSEY. ami arriving at Newark. N j, < )ct<)ber «', He is a son of Thomas and Hannah (Alexander) Mcdown, and received his education in Scotland, atlendinji the Paisley (iranimar ScIkxjI and Academy at Paisley and was j^raduated from the University of (ilasj^ow. He read law in New- ark with iCdward M. Colie from January 'iH, 1S87, until his admission t(» the bar of New Jersey as attorney in June, ISIU. While a collejje student at (rlas^ow he received tifth prize in class of Conveyancinjf in lH85-8r», and was one of six mentioned in the honor list in a two days' special examination in April, issr,, on the completion of Feudal Titles, conducted by the l'\iculty of Procurators of the city of (ilasj^ow. No- vember '14, IS'.U, lie married Martha Allen (ialla^her, dauj^hter of lames and C'harlotle (Holton) (iailatjhcr, of Newark. N. J., but all na- tives of Scotland. Hon. Am/1 I)oi>i>,' Newark, son of 1 )r. Josej))! Smith Dodd, and nephew of Amzi Dodd, esq,, was born in Bloomfield, N. J.. March 2, lH*,i:{. He is a lineal descendant of Daniel Dod, an Knj^li.sh Puritan, who emigrated to America about the year 1G4<5, and, in company with other immigrants, helped to form a settlement at Sagus (now known as the citv of I^ynn), a thriving seaport on Massachusetts Bay. This, his earliest American progenitor, died prior to KiCS, leaving four sons, all in their minority, the eldest of whom was, after his father, named Daniel. While yet under age he joined the colony of Rev. Abraham Pierson, who founded the town of Newark in MUU), and to him a home lot was assigned in the neighborhood of what was for so many years known as the "Stone Bridge." He was a good mathematician, a surveyor by profession, and in lO'.ri a member of the colonial (ieneral Assembly. His son, John, and grandson. John, and great-grandson, Jolin, were all, in a direct line, ancestors of Dr. Jt)se])h Smith Dodd, father of Amzi Dodd, and in their times were all men of mark. Dr. Dodd was boru in Bloomfield, N. J.. January lo, \','.>\, was graduated fr(tm Princeton College in 1Hi:{, and commenced the practice of medi- cine in his native place in 1S1(», He was a skillful physician, and a man widely esteemed and respected. He was elected to the State Sen- ate in 1K42, and was largely instrumental in establishing the State Lu- natic Asylum. He died September 5, IH4^. Am/.i Dodd, the subject of this sketch, after receiving a good pre- paratory education, entered the sophomore class o{ the College of New ' .\iliipU-d frmn "Ili.Hlory of Es-sexiiiul Hiulsun Countic.H, Xiw Jersey," by Williuni M. Sliaw. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 119 Jersey, at Princeton, in May, ISoii, and was graduated from this institu- tion in September, 1841, with the highest honors. Very soon there- after he went to Virginia, where he taught school until 1845, and then returning to Newark, N. J., began the study of law. Having been ad- mitted t(; the l)ar as attorney in 1848 he formed a connection with H(Mi. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, subse([uently Secretary of State, in his law business, and thus remained until 1850. In this year he was appointed Clerk of the Common Council of the city of Newark, an of^ce which he held till 1853, when he resigned it. In the Fremont and Dayton campaign of 185G Mr. Dodd, who was a strong Freesoil man, was nominated as the Republican candidate for Congress in the Fifth District, which was composed of Essex and Hud- son counties. He was defeated, however, by Jacob R. Wortendyke. During all this time he continued in the practice of his profession, year by year increasing his reputation as an attorney and counselor until 1871 , when he received the appointment of Vice-Chancellor of New Jersey. In the delicate and important work thus assigned to him he was engaged until 1875, when he resigned ; but to the same duties he was again called in 1881. At the close of this year Lewis C. Grover, president of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, of Newark, N. J., re- signed his office, and Mr. Dodd, who had been the Mathematician of the company since 1863 (as the successor to Joseph P. Bradley, late Justice of the United States Supreme Court), and who was well ac- • quainted with its vast and complicated business, was strongly urged t •MVII. HISToIiV OF NKW .IKRSFIY. Chic.i;;o, late assistant rniicil Slates atti>rney for Illinois. Mary Sophia, widow of Rev. William Renwick (ilen, died at Hradfordton, Sanj.(amon eounty, 111., January 25, 1804. The j^randinother, Isabella Renwick, was of the same family to which Renwick the Covenanter belonged. Hon. Thomas Nksimtt MciCakhk, of Newark, one of the most dis- tinjjuished lawyers of New Jersey, was born in Morristown, this State, January 31, 1K24. He was the second son of Robert Harris and ICliza (Ncsbitt) McCarter, of Morris county, and a }.^randson of John Mc- Carter, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, who caiue to America in iTT't. Mr. McCarter inherited in lilieral measure those sturdy qualities that have marked him as a man of unusual capacity and force of character, yet coriibined with this rich inheritance he has from boyhood manifested and cvdtivated the natural instincts of a scholar. He was carefully pre- pared for college by Rev. Clarkson Dunn at Newton, N. J., and when sixteen entered the junior class of Princeton, where he soon took high rank as an industrious student. He was graduated with honors in Sep- tember, 1842, being one of the commencement orators, and received the Master's degree in course in 1847. While in college he was a prom- inent member of the "Whig" Society and always took an active jiart in deviating circles. He early decided upon the law as .'i profession, and very soon after graduation entered the law ofHcc of Hon. ^Martin Ryerson, of Newton, N. J., where he laid the foundation fc^r an eminent and successful legal career. In October, 1845, he was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney and in January, lS4'.t, as a counselor, and in the former year became a partner with his distinguished preceptor. This associa tion ccmtinued until 1853. Mr. McCarter rapidly accpiired a large law practice and a reputation fi^r industry, perseverance, and integrity. He studied carefully every question that came before him, solved with remarkable clearness the smallest problem of litigation, and gave close attention to even the minutest detail — characteristics which have at- tended him throughout a notable career. In 1854 he was elected col- lector of Sussex county, an office he filled for three years. In 1862 he was elected to the New Jersey Assembly by a union of both political parties without opposition, and in that body became chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. He prepared the new tax law, and was active and influential in other important legislation. In 18f!3 he was appointed reporter of the Court of Chancery by Chancellor Green, BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 123 and published two volumes of its Reports. He was a director of the Sussex Bank, the Sussex Railroad Company, and the well known Morris Canal and Banking- Company, and still holds the latter position, being its oldest director in commission. In 1865 Mr. McCarter removed to Newark, N. J., where he has since resided and practiced his profession, and where he had associated with him as a partner Oscar Keen from 1808 to 1882. He is now the senior member of the law firm of McCarter, Williamson & McCarter, com- posed of himself, his two sons, Robert H. and Thomas N. McCarter, jr., and his son-in-law, Edwin B. Williamson. This is one of the strongest and best known law firms in the State, having- an extensive practice in the State courts and the courts of the United States. Mr. McCarter is a strong advocate, and a man whose arguments are at once convincing and logical. Courteous and dignified in the highest degree, of a commanding presence, he is a powerful advocate, and be- fore a jury is the personification of all that is noble and just. His ability to grasp and elucidate the most intricate points of the law has few parallels. He is profoundly versed in jurisprudence, a scholar of rare legal as well as literary attainments, and a lawyer whose honesty, in- tegrity, and fidelity have never been questioned. He is recognized as one of the strongest and most eminent membersof the New Jersey bar, and as a citizen is universally respected and esteemed. He is a Pres- byterian in religion, a g-entleman of the purest Christian principles, and a man whose sense of honor and justice is exalted. On all moral questions he has ever taken a decisive stand for right and purity. His exuberant wit and repartee are well known and seldom equaled, and always give the keenest pleasure. Mr. McCarter was nominated a presidential elector for New Jersey on the Douglass ticket in 18G0, but withdrew from the Democi-atic party on the issue made in 1804 of the prosecution of the war, and has ever since been a staunch Republican. He was a strong supporter of the Union during the Rebellion, has always taken a keen interest in all public questions, and is a man of unswerving loyalty and patriotism. Twice he was tendered 'the position of justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, — once by Governor Olden and afterward, in 1866, by Governor Ward, but declined the appointment on each occasion, pre- ferring the regular practice of his profession, in which he has been so eminently successful. Together with Professor Cook, of Rutgers, and Hon. Abram Browning, of Camden, he was appointed by Gov. Bedle a 124 THE .II'DICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY (iK NKW JKRSEY. commissioner for the New York ami New Jersey boundary adjustment, Mr. Dcpew, Chancellor Picrson, and Elias W. Leavenworth bein^ the New York members. In ISdS he delivered the annual Commencement address before the Whiyf and Clio vSocieties at Princeton College, the trustees of which in 1875 conferred ui)on him the honorary degree of LL.I). For many years he has been a valued trustee of that institu- tion, and has always taken an active interest in its progress and welfare. He was for a time one of the trustees of Evelyn College, and was an organizer and the only president of the old Citizens' Law and Order League of Newark. He is an honorary incorporator of the Dickinson Law School at Carlisle, Pa., fellow of the American Geographical So- ciety ; a vice-president of the Scotch-Irish .Society of America; and a member of the Washington Association of Morristown, N. J., and of the Princeton Club of New Y^ork. He is counsel for the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, the Morris Canal and Banking Company, the East Jersey Water Company, the New Jersey Zinc and Iron Company, and many other corporations. Both as lawyer and citizen he is one of the noted and influential men of the State. On the 4th of December, 1849, Mr. McCarter was married to Mary Louise, daughter of Uzal C. Haggerty, a prominent resident of New- ton, N. J. Mrs. McCarter died June '28, 181m;, leaving six children: Robert II., a member of the law firm of McCarter, Williamson & Mc- Carter; Uzal H., secretary and trust officer of the Fidelity Title and Deposit Company, of Newark ; Thomas N., jr., also a member of his father's law firm; and Fannie A., Jane Haggerty (Mrs. lulwin B. Williamson), and I'^liza Nesbitt, all of Newark, N. J. Benjamin Gakkison Dkmakksi, Newark, born in Passaic, N. J., June 2. from the Columbia Law School in 1888, received the degree of LL. M. from the New York University Law School and read law with William F. Gaston, of Passaic, and Abner C. Thomas, of New York city. He was admitted to the liar of New Jersey as an attorney in Nf)vember, 1888, and as a counselor at the same term, 18(tl, and was admitted to the New York bar in 1890. Since 1893 Mr. Demarest has been title officer of the Fidelity Title and Deposit Company of Newark, N. J., where he resides. Charles A. Dickson of the city of Newark, born Ai)ril 2;;, l.s;-j, in Newton, Sussex county. N. J., is a son of Darius M. and Alice (Swarts) BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 125 Dickson, and was graduated from Seeley's Classical School at Decker- town, N. J., in 1888. He read law with Hon. J. Martin, of Decker- town, N. J., and Coult & Howell, of Newark and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey, as an attorney in June, 1893, and as a counselor in June, 1896. He remained with the firm of Coult & Howell from the time of his admission luitil October, 1895. vSince that ,time he has held the position of settlement officer for the Fidelity Title and Deposit Company, of Newark. On April 3, 1894, Mr. Dickson was married to Adelaide Hoff, daugh- ter of John Hoff, of Belvidere, N. J. Charles Borcherling, Newark, born in Berlin, Prussia, January 11, 1827, is the son of Charles F. and Christiana (Helmund) Borcherling, and came to America when comparatively a young man, settling in Newark, N. J. He read law with Hon. Cortlandt Parker, and was ad- mitted to the bar of this vState as an attorney at the June term, 1860, and as a counselor at the November term, 1863. Since 1860 Mr. Borcherling has practiced his profession in Newark with unusual suc- cess, and in all the higher courts of the State, having for many years an extensive and lucrative law business. William P'oster Day, Elizabeth, was admitted as a counselor at law at the November term of the New Jersey Supreme Court in 1841, and successfully practiced his profession in Elizabeth. N. J. He was vice- president of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, of Newark, for two years prior to his death, which occurred April 6, 1870. He married Mary Almira Kellogg, daughter of Elijah Kellogg, of Eliza- beth, N. J. His two sons, Edward A., and William T., are prominent lawyers of Newark, N. J. Edward Augustus Day, Newark, born August 36, 1852, in Eliza- beth, Union county, N. J., is the son of William Foster Day (see sketch), and Mary Almira Kellogg, his wife. He was graduated from Williams College in 1873 and from the Columbia Law School in 1875, and read law in Newark, N. J., with McCarter & Keen. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney at the November term in 1876, and as a counselor in 1879, and subsequently to practice in the U. S. vSu- preme Court. In May, 1879, he formed a copartnership with his brother, William T., which still continues under the style of Edward A. & William T. Day, with offices in Newark. This is an exceptionally strong law firm, and has been connected with such important cases as the 126 THK JI'IUCIAI. .\.M> < l\ 11. IIISIOK^ <»F N K\V JKKSKY. Rahway Debt Settlement, Columbus Construction Co. vs. Indiana Na- tional (ias and Oil, tlie City of Newark vs. New York and New Jersey Telephone Co. {Hnryin.i.,^ (Jround Case), Central Trust Co. vs. Metro- politan 3. He was admitted to the bars of Georgia, Tennessee, and New Jersey in February, lSi)4, and is a master in chancery. He is treasurer of the Esse.x Bar Association and of the Republican Club of Newark. Mr. MacLiai \v.i> married May l'.>, IS'.m;, to Charlotte, daughter of Robert and Margaret (Dillon) (irimshaw. John C. M» Donald, Newark, born in Princeton. N. J., October 1, 1831, is a son of William K. and Hannah M. McDonald, and was graduated frrnn Nassau Hall in IX'yi. He read law with his father, one of the leading lawyers of Newark, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in November, 18,'),'), and as a coun.selor in November, 185H. He is a master and examiner in chancery. Mr. J BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 127 McDonald has never sought nor held public office, but instead has de- voted his time to his profession, in which he has gained eminence and honor. He is one of the oldst and strongest members of the Newark bar, and has always enjoyed an extensive practice. He resides in Nutley, N. J. Edwin Augustus; Ravnkr, Newark, born in Moosic, Pa., August U, 1857, a son of Warren G. and Catherine B. Rayner, was graduated from Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., in 1875, and from Amherst College in 1879, read law in Newark with Elwood C. Harris and at Columbia Law School, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in November, 1882, and as counselor in November, 1887. He was a member of the Bloomfield Township Committee from 1890 to 189o and a member of the Essex County Board of Elections from 1890 to 1895 inclusive. He is a member of the New Jersey Societv of the Sons of the American Revolution, of Bloomfield Lodge, No. 40, F. & A. M., and of Bloomfield Council, No. 960, Royal Arcanum, and an honorary member of the National vSociety of American Fire Engineers. Waldo Bradford Smith, Newark, born in Orange, N. Y., July 2, 1860, is a son of J. Eugene and Mary E. (Tichenor) Smith, and was graduated from the Orange High School in 1880. His ancestors have resided in Orange and have been identified with its history since its early settlement. He read law in the office of Judge J. Frank Foit, received the degree of LL.B. from the Law Department of the Uni- versity of New York city in 1882, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney in February, 1884, and as counselor in F'ebruary, 1887. In the latter year he formed a partnership with his preceptor. Judge Fort, as Fort & Smith, which continued until 1893. He was a member of the Board of Education of Orange from 1891 to 1893 and served as president of that body in 1892. He resides in Orange. Joseph Lewis Munn, Newark, born in Orange, N. J., Decemger 5, 1840, is a son of Asa B. and Mary P. (Hand) Munn, and was grad- uated from the College of New Jersey at Princeton, receiving the de- gree of A. B. in 1862 and that of A. M. in 1865. He read law from 1862 to 1865 with Amzi Dodd and was admitted to the bar as attor- ney in June, 1865, and as counselor in November, 1868. He served as counsel for several townships at different times, as count}^ superin- tendent of public instruction in 1867, as member of assembly in 1881, 12S THK .ITDK lAl. AND ("I\'ir. IIISTni;^ cl- nKW .IKRSKY. as surroj^ate ol Essex county in 1SH4. as county counsel in IS'.U, as counsel for the Park Commission in 1SIK5, and as a member of the Kast Oranj^c Board of lulucalion continuously from l^iVi to IS'»5, a period of thirty-three years. TnKoi>oKK I. RiNNoN, Newark, was admitted to the bar of New Jer- sey as an attorney in June, 1S(;\*, and is associated with the Mutual Henetit Life Insurance Company of Newark. He resides in Plain- field. N. J Wii.i.iAM 11. iv\ii KM)N, Jk., Newark, was achnillcd to tlic New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1SS7, and is a master in chancery. At present he holds a position as under shcritY of ICsse.x count\- Aiuix.K L. 1)1 Cosii-.k, Newark, was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in June, 18S(>, and as a counscliM" in November, ISH'.i. He is a master in chancery, and resides in Summit, N. J. El wonii C. II.AKKis, Newark, born in Independence townshij), War- ren county, N. J., is a son of Cummins () and Abij.jail R. (Winter- mute) Harris, and was j;raduated from Princeton Collej^e in 18(JS. He read law with Thomas Kays, of Newton, N. J., and with Hon. Thomas N. McCarter and Oscar Keen, of Newark, and was admitted to the Ixir of New jersey as an attorney at the June term, 1H71, and as a coun- selor in June, 1874. Amonj^ the many important law cases with which he has been connected is that of the Drainaj;e of Great Meadows, 10 Vr(Jom, r.t7, aff. in 11 \'room, :}8(>, and also the Sunimerbell divorce case, 10 Stewart, ^!0;j. He is a prominent lawyer and enjoys an exten- sive practice in the various courts. Mr. Harris was married Septem- ber 'i'Z, 1874, to Adelaide E., diiw^hicr of (ieor^^e ( ). and Mary (Little) Duncklee, of Newark, N. J., where he resides. JosKi'H Na I M.A.MKi. Tu r 1 1.I., Ncwark, was a lineal descendant of Will- iam Tuttle, who at the age of twenty-six, landed at Boston, on April i, lf):{5. The first and second of Mr. Tuttle's American forefathers, William and Joseph Tuttle, lived and died in Connecticut. The third, Stephen, settled in Woodbridj^e, N. J., and became a prominent citi- zen and jniblic officer. The fourth, Timothy Tuttle, removed in early life to Newark arrd later to Hanover, N. J. The fifth, Daniel, was the father of fifteen children, and with five of his sons did good service in the Continental army during the Revolutionary war. The sixth, Joseph, was a busine.ss man and puhii< <.tTfu ir The seventh, William Tuttle, 1 BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 129 the father of Joseph N., was born in New Vernon, Morris county, N. J., removed in early life to Newark, where he learned the printing busi- ness and for many years was the proprietor and editor of the Sentinel of Freedom, He was a man of great piety and benevolence, and de- voted much of his time and means to charitable objects. The story of his exemplary life was written by President Tuttle of Wabash College. William Tuttle married Hannah, daughter of Nathaniel Camp and a great-granddaughter of William Camp, who in 1G6G removed from Branford, Conn., and became one of the founders of the town of New- ark, N. J. Joseph Nathaniel Tuttle, their son, was born in Newark, on January 1, 1810, was graduated from the College of New Jersey at Princeton, in 1827, and read law with Hon. Joseph C. Hornblower. Upon his admission to the bar of this State in 1831, he opened an office in Newark and successfully practiced in the various courts of common law until 1842, when he began to devote his time to business in the Court of Chancery and the management of important private trusts. In 1863 he withdrew entirely from the courts and assumed the duties of treasurer of the Howard Savings Institution of Newark; an office he held until his death. Mr. Tuttle was originally a Whig, and in 1835 was elected a mem- ber of the General Assembly, being the sole representative in the Legis- lature of Newark, Elizabethtown, and Paterson. He was re elected in 1836 and 1837, and in 1836 assisted in preparing the charter and secur- ing the incorporation of Newark as a city, which he served as clerk of the Common Council until 1844. In 1845 he was elected alderman of the West ward, and during that year was president of the Common Council of Newark. At the expiration of this term of office, he retired from politics to devote his whole time to his profession. He was one of the founders, and original director, and the first vice-president of the Howard Savings Institution, and in 1863 became its treasurer. In 1840 he was elected a director of the National Newark Banking Company, which he served as notary for eight years. He was largely instru- mental in founding the Newark Foster Home and was one of its trus- tees and svipporters from 1848 until his death; was an incorporator of Fairmount Cemetery and long one of its managers ; and was a director of the Newark Library Association and chairman of the finance com- mittee of the New Jersey Historical vSociety. For thirty-five years he was a ruling elder of the First Presbyterian church in Newark. He was a man of large, yet unostentatious charity, and his memory is Q 130 THK Jl'DU'lAI, AND (MVII, 11IST(»KY oK NKW JKRSKY. cherisheil by a number o\ relatives whom Ik- assisted in llieir educa- tion. Waiter Jtnis Knu.hi, Newark, born in lirij^hton. Sussex county, l''nj;land, is a son of William and Catharine Knij^^ht, and was educated at Christ Church ICpiscopal vSchool in his native town. Coniinj^ to America when a youny; man he settled in Newark, N. J., and read law there with Colonel Abeel (prosecutor of the pleas) and Henry Young, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in November, 1877, and as a counselor in February, 1882. He is si)ecial master, Supreme Court commissioner and master and examiner, and for two years was clerk of the Grand Jury, a position he resij^nied, his beinjj the first resignation fnMii that office known in Essex county. He was con- nected with the interesting case of Beech vs. Morton, where, in a bill to foreclose, the defendant (a woman) set up marriage to mortgagee; the injunction suits against the Electric Light Co., and for some years defended all the accident suits against the street railways of Newark, Paterson and Jersey City. He argued the case of the Canadian Credit Sytem Co. vs. Dominion Government before the Privy Council of the Canadian government at Ottawa, and succeeded in reversing the deci- sion of the Domini(m insurance commissioner, wIkj liad refu.sed the company a license to do busine.ss in Canada. He married Marie An- toinette Bessere, eldest daughter of Frederick and Emilie Bessere. Her father was a sergeant in Dc Kalb's Regiment in the Rebellion and died .soon afterward from injuries received on the field. Her grand- father was for many years an attachd of the French C riVIl. IIISTOKV ( •!•' NKW .IKRRKY Uti January "Ji;, l^TtJ, Mr. llubbcll was inarncii l<> LOrnclia S., ilau^ijhtcr of William C. and Caroline (Shcnill) Churchill, of (Jreen- wich, Conn. They reside in Newark. X. J. John Jackson Huhbeli., Newark, born June KI, ISr).'}, in Newark, N. J., is a son of Aljjernon S. and Julia (Jackson) Hubbell, and a grandson of Wolcott Hubbell, a niinutenian in the Massachusetts Militia, a member of the Committee of Correspondence, and a jiartici- ])ant in several skirmishes and the battle of Bennin.ijton in the struj^j^lc for American independence. His maternal ;^reat-}^randfather, Adrian \'an der Linde, was an adjutant in the Revolutionary army. His father is noticed elsewhere in this volume. Mr. Hubbell was educated at the Newark Academy and Princeton University, and received thor ouj^h preparation for a professional life. He read law with his dis- tinj^^uished father and at the University of Leipsic and obtained the decree of LL. B. from Columbia C(»llege Law School. He was ad- mitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney at the February term, ISTT, and as a counselor at the same term three years later, and in September, 1896, was admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court. Since his admisssion Mr. Hubbell has successfully followed his profession in his native city, where he occupies a high place among the leading members of the bar. He has done considera- ble literary work, including magazine articles on travel in Europe, an article on the celebrated Passion Play of Ober-Ammergau for the Newark Daily Advertiser in 1880, and an address on the Battle of Red Bank before the New Jersey Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. Charles A. Bennett ex-judge of the Common Pleas Court of Mon- mouth county, a senior member of the bar and a leading citizen of F"reehold, is a son of William H. and Jane LefFerson Bennett, and was born June 4, 1820, in Freehold, Monmouth county, N. J. Judge Charles A. Bennett, sixth son of William H., received his elementary education in the Freehold public schools. He entered Princeton College in 1841 and was graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1844. He subsequently received from that college the degree of A. M. He studied law with Judge Benningttjn F. Randolph at Free- hold, from whose office he was admitted to the bar as an attorney in July, 1847. and was a counselor in July, 1851. Opening an office in the town of his birth he settled down to an active practice f)f the law, ALLEN B. ENDICOTT BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 133 in which he won distinction besides holding many iinportant pubh'c positions. In 1850 he removed from his own office to that of the sur- rogate, where for a period of eighteen years he was the acting surro- gate of Monmouth county, during the terms of Drs. A. V. and John R. Conover, and was in full control of the business of the office. In April, 1882, Mr. Bennett was appointed judge of the Court of Com- mon Pleas of Monmouth county, by Governor Ludlow, and he occupied a seat on the bench for ten years. At the expiration of his term he resumed and still continues his practice as a lawyer. From March, 1848, to March, 1874, Judge Bennett held the office of clerk of Freehold township, and he was the secretary of Freehold Mutual Loan Associa- tion from 1853 to 1869. In 1859 he was elected secretary of the Mon- mouth County Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which position he still holds. He was treasurer of the Monmouth County Agricultural Asso- ciation from 186G to 1883, and he has been secretary and treasurer of the Freehold Gaslight Company since its organization in 18C0. He is secretary and treasurer of the Freehold Electric Light Compan}-, and an incorporator and a director of the First National Bank of Freehold. Judge "Bennett is a staunch and true Democrat, and has always evinced an active interest in the policy of his party. He is a member of Olive Branch Lodge No. IG, F. & A. M., in which he he has occupied a number of chairs. Judge Bennett was married September 28, 1854, to Eleanor B, Clay- ton, a daughter of Elias C. and Louisa M. Clayton, the former a mer- chant for many years, and a farmer of Millstone, N. J. They had three children: Charles A., jr., an attorney at law, general manager of the Gas and Electric Light Companies, and assistant secretary of the Monmouth County Mutual Fire Insurance Company, married Clara Bell James, and deceased July 24, 1895; Mary Louisa, born January 4, 1858, died November 17, 1883; and Frederick D. Bennett, a merchant in Freehold, a thirty-second degree Mason and a member of Olive Branch Lodge No. 10, F. & A. M. Frederick T. Johnson, Newark, born in Newark, N. J,, September 18, 1851, received a public school education in his native city, and read law in the office of the late Hon. Theodore Runyon, Leonard & Coult, and Henry Young. He was admitted to the New Jer.sey bar at Trenton as an attorney in June, 1876, and as a counselor in June, 1879, and is a master and examiner in chancer}'. He was assistant for four 3'ears to Henry Young, while the latter was city counsel of the \:u THK .irniciAi, and civii, iiistoi;v ov nkw jkrsey. city of Newark, and in May. IS'.h;. was appointed by Mayor Seymour, city attorney for a term of two years. Mr. Johnson lias successfully practiced his pr«>fession in Newark since his admission to the bar in lS7t;, and in is'.il formed tlic ])resciU law firm of Johnson «.V IMlch. Harrv CAMi-roN, Newark, born in Leicester, Leicestershire, Enj;- land, is a member of an old Warwickshire family, and the son of John and Selina Campton, and received his educaticMi in his native town. He read law in Leicester with the well known firm of Fowler, .Smith iV Warwick, solicitors, and after 18S4, in New York city, where he first settled on cominjj to America. In 1S85 he removed to Newark, N. J., where he has since resided and finished his law studies in the office of Franklin M. Olds and Michael T. I^arrett, counselors at law. Immediately upon the termi- nation of the recpiired four years clerkship he was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney November term, 1889, and three years later as a counselor November term, 18nt>. He has been associated in practice with Michael T. Barrett since 1888. Mr Campton has won a high reputation at the bar as an able, conscientious lawyer, and amoni,^ the several important cases with which he has been connected, was the murder case of State vs. E^mma Woods, in which he was assistant counsel. He has also gained deserved recognition in the Etpiity Courts, his knowledge of English pleading and practice being of service in New Jersey where iMiglish rules obtain more than in other States. He was married at Trinity church, Newark, on June T, 188G, to l^mily P>urford, a native of Wales, (ireat Britain, whom he knew in England. CuAkii-.s M \M»kKi) Lr.\i, Newark, born March '.•, jsoo, in Chatham, Morris countv, N. J., is a son of Harvey M. and Phebe J. S. (Bruen) Luni, both of whose ancestors were among the earlist settlers of Mor- ris county. He is a descendant of Obadiah Bruen, one of the first set- tlers of Newark, and of the Chandlers, a prominent fami-ly of Eliza- beth, N. J. A number of his ancestors won distinction as soldiers in in the Revolutionary war. Mr. Lum was graduated from Columbia College, New York, in 1881. read law with (iuild «.V Lum, of Newark, N. J., and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in June, 1884, and as a counselor in February, lS8'.t. He is a member of the firm with which he pursued his legal studies, and a member of the Col- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 135 umbia College and Phi Beta Kappa Alumni Associations. i\Ir. Lum has a large office business and is counsel for numerous estates, etc. His literary work consists mainly of essays and papers for the various societies with which he is connected. He resides in Chatham, N. J., his native town, where he was married on October 4, 1894, to Eliza- beth S., daughter of Jacob H. and Sarah N. (Swinerton) Kirkpatrick, of that place. ■ Elijah vS. Cowi.es, Jersey City, born in Coventry, Vt., April 30, 1836, received his education at the vSt. Johnsbury Academy, and prose- cuted his law studies with Hon. Ephraim Paddock, formerly a justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont. He was admitted to the Vermont bar and practiced for two years in that State, and in 1860 came to New York city, where he was admitted to the bar of New York and whei-e he practiced until 1868. He then removed to Jersey City, N. J., and with Washington B. Williams formed the well known firm of Williams & Cowles, which continued for twelve years. In November, 1892, he became associated with William H. Carey, and the firm of Cowles & Carey now practice both in New York and New Jersey, Mr. Cowles was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in February, 1868, and as a counselor in February, 1871. He is a mem- ber of the Jersey City Board of Education, and is also president of a New York corporation known as the Automatic Fire Alarm and Ex- tinguisher Company, which for several years has done a successful business at No. 413 Broadway, New York city. Charles Lynn Carrick, born in Jersey City, N. J., November 4, 1861, is a son of George H. and Margaret L. Carrick, and received his education in the public and high schools of his native city. He read law with Washington B. Williams and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in November term, 1883, and as counselor at the same term in 1886. He is a member of the law firm of Carrick & Worten- dyke. Richard Stevens, Hoboken, born in Paris, France, May 23, 186S, is the son of Edwin A. and Martha B. Stevens, and was graduated from Columbia College in 1890 and from the New York Law School in June, 1893. In November of the same year he was admitted to the bar of this State, and is now a member of the law firm of Besson, Stevens lK: Lewis, l.'Jf. TIIK .HDH l.M. ANIi CIX'II, IlISTOin' (iK NKW .IKRSKY. Wii I lAM C II^^l■^ NiiKiMKK, Hoboken, horn in New York city on the •JTth of March, 18(i(», was educated at IIeidcll)crj^, Oermany, read law with (»ov. Leon Ahbett, anil was j^raduated from Columbia Collej^e and Harvard Law Schools, bcin;; admitted to the bars of both New York and New Jersey. In May, 18H7, (Jovcrnor (Jreen apjjointed him aide-de camp on his personal military statT with rank of colonel, and in 1880 he was appointed inspector j^eneral of the National (iuard. He served four successive years (1887-00) in the Assembly, Fourth district of Hudson county, and in 1880 won distinction on the Hoor as leader of his party, serving as chairman of the committees on judiciary, militia, and treasurer's accounts. In 18'.t() he was elected speaker of the House. In 1891 (ieneral Hcppcnheimer was elected State Comptroller to suc- ceed Major Anderson, and served a term of three years, which expired in March. 1894. Ki)W.\Ri» K. M.AXsoN, Jersey City, b(jrn in Newark, N. J.. December 'i'i, 18(50, is the son of Charles E. and Mary Maxson, and fmished his education in Columbia College. He read law in Trenton with G. I). W. Ciroom, was graduated from the Columbia Law School in 1891, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in June, 189:5. Ill NKV TuAiMiAt.! N, J crscy City, born in Jersey City, N. J., June 1, 1842, is a son of Henry M. and Sarah (Consclyea) Traphagen, and completed his education at Brown University in Providence, R. I. He read law in the office of Isaac W. Scudder and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as att(jrney in November, 1804, and as ccninselor in the same month in 18(57. He served as mayor of Jersey City from May 1, 1874, to May 1, 1876, and as corporation attorney from November, 187<», to March, 1881. Prior to the consolidation of the three cities — lersey City, Hudson City, and Bergen — composing what is now Jersey Citv, he was counsel for the Board of Water Commissioners of Jersey Citv. He is a member of the Holland Society of New York and was for one year (1801-02) one of its vice-presidents. November 0, 18G9, he married Annie Matilda Campbell, datighter of I)avid Campbell, of New York city. j vMi> I». VRKDKMUKr, n, JcTscy City, born in l*"reehold, N. J., Octo- ber 1, 1844, was graduated from Princeton College in 1sg:{, and read law with A. R. Throckmorton. He was admitted lo the bar of New Jersey as attorney in June term, 18(;(;, and as counselor at the same term in 1860. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 137 John C. Inwright, Jersey City, born in the city of New York on the 24th of October, 1858, is the son of John and Margaret Inwright, and received his education in the High School of Jersey City. He read law with William A. Lewis, of Jersey City, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney at the November term, 1883, and as a counselor at the same term in 1886. vSince his admission he has practiced law in Jersey City, where he has resided since 1869. John A. Dennin, Jersey City, born in Elizabethport, N. J., April, 18, 1865, is a son of John J. and Mary A. Dennin, and was graduated from St. Peter's College of Jersey City in June, 1881. He studied law with Hon. Abram Kling, of the New York bar, and at Columbia Law School, and was admitted as attorney and counselor in New York city in November, 1885, and as attorney in New Jersey in June, 1886. He has never sought public office. As a lawyer he has a considerable cir- cuit and chancery practice. George L. Record, Jersey City, born in Auburn, Mo., in 1859, is a son of Calvin and Melancy (Beals) Record, and was graduated from Bates College with the class of 1891. He read law in New York city with Strong & Cadwalader, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in June, 1886, and as counselor in June, 1889. He has been a member of the Board of Education of Jersey City and coun- sel for tlxe riparian commissioners three years. Guv J. Edwords, Jersey City and New York, born in Chester, 111., March 19, 1861, is the son of Dr. John L. and Mary J. (Widen) Ed- words. Raphael Widen, his mother's father, was one of the earliest members of the Illinois bar and State senator for many years. His father, Dr. John L., and paternal grandfather. Dr. John J. Edwords, were physicians, the latter of Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. Edwords was graduated from Monmouth College, Illinois, as A. B. in 1882, and M. A. in 1885, read law under Washington B. Williams, of Jersey City, and at Columbia Law School, where he took a special course of study in 1885-86, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an at- torney in February, 1887, and as a counselor in February, 1890, and to the bar of New York in 1893. He is the author of an article on the "Medico-Legal Aspect of Insurance" in Dr. Witthaus's book on Medico-Legal Jurisprudence. Robert Carey, Jersey City, is a son of Hon. Thomas Carey, a prominent member of the New York and New Jersey bars, and was R 138 THK jrr)ICIAL AND CIVIL IlISInUY OF NKW JKRSP:y. born in (ireenvillc, N. J., SeiUcniber IG, ISTx*. lit* received his edu- cation at scIiodI No. 20 and at the Ilijjfh School of Jersey City, read hiw in that place with Judj,^e Rcjbert S. Hudspeth, and received the degree of LL. H. from the New York Law School in 1S03. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in November, 1893, and since then has successfully practiced his profession in Jersey City. While pursuing his legal studies Mr. Carey did considerable newspaper work, being connected with the staffs of the New York World and Herald and various Jersey City papers. Wii.i.i AM liKiNkKkHoKr, Jcrscy City, was born in Bergen, now a part of Jersey City, N. J.. July iH, 1S4:{, and received his education at Rutgers College. He read law in Jersey City with Jacob R. Worten- dvke and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in No vember, 18G5, and as a counselor in February, 1SG9, and since the first named year has been in active and successful practice in Jersey City. He was president of the Common Council of Bergen in 1807 and be- came mayor ix officio on the resignation of Mayor Hilton. In 1870 he served as a member of the New Jersey Legislature and in 1878 as a member of the State Constitutional Convention. He was a ])rominent member of the Democratic State Executive Committee from 1880 to 1883, was State senator from Hudson county from 1884 to 1887, and was corporation counsel of Jersey for several years after 1884. He was counsel to the Board of Chosen Freeholders of the County of Hud- son from 1808 to 1872, and for a number of years was a director in the First National Bank of Jersey City. As a lawyer he is one of the leaders of the bar of the State. TiioM.AS I'kancis Bkiu k, Jersey City, the third son of the late ex- Gov. Joseph D. Bedle, was liorn in Freehold, Monmouth county, N. J., August 1, 1805, and received his early education at the Hasbrouck In- stitute in Jersey City. He was graduated from the Lawrenceville (N. J.) Institute (jiopularly known as the Hamill Scho(jl) in 1883 and from Princeton College as civil engineer in 1887. He subsecpiently read law with Bedle, Muirheid, McGee & Bedle, jr., in Jersey City, was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney in November, 1800, and since then has successfully conducted a general law practice in Jersey City, being now a member of the firm of McGee, Bedle & Kcdle. He is quartermaster with the rank of major of the First Brigade. N. G. N. J., And is a member and was formerly a trustee of JAMES R. ENGLISH, BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 139 the Palma Club of Jersey City. He is also a member of the Carteret Club of Jersey City and the Princeton Club of New York. John W. Bissell, Jersey City, was born in Matawan, Monmouth county, N. J., January 0, 1847, and moved to Jersey City in June, 1873. Was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney, in June, 1873, and as a counselor in June, 1880, and since the former year has suc- cessfully practiced his profession in Jersey City, where he resides. Isaac Stuart Taylor, Jersey City, was born in Jersey City, N. J., on the 14th of December, 1842. His father, the Rev. Benjamin C. Taylor, was pastor of the Reformed Dutch church of Bergen (now a part of Jersey City) during a period of fifty-two 3'ears. His mother was Anna Romeyn, a daughter of the Rev. James Y. C. Romeyn, of Hackensack, N. J. Isaac S. Taylcu' was graduated from Rutgers College in June, 1861, and pursued his legal studies with Hon. Abraham O. Zabriskie in Jer- sey City. "He was admitted to the bar of this vState as an attorne}' in June, 18G4, and as a counselor in November, 1871, and was the partner of Alexander T. McGill, under the firm name of McGill & Taylor, of Jersey City, for nearly ten years and until Mr. McGill was appointed chancellor. Mr. Taylor's energies have been devoted to his profession. He has held no office, judicial or otherwise, excepting that of advisory master in chancery, to which he was appointed in June, 1887. Roderick Burt vSkvmour, Jersey City, was the son of Ephraim San- ford Seymour, a native of Vermont, a graduate of Middlebury College, a member of the Illinois bar, and a promoter of the Panama railroad. His family originally settled in Norwalk, Conn., in 1660. His mother was a daughter of Dr. Bestor, of Wilmington, Vt. , and a descendant of the Foote fainily of New England. Mr. Seymour was born in Newark, 111., May 21, 1843, was educated in Jersey City, N. J., and at Monson Academy and Yonkers (N. Y.) Military Institute, and was graduated from Columbia College with the degree of A. B. in 1865, receiving that of A. M. in 1868. He attended Columbia Law vSchool, and was admitted to practice in this State as an attorney in June, 1869, and as a counselor in June, 1872, and later was admitted to practice in the United vStates courts on motion of ex-Gov. J. D. Bedle. He followed his profession in Jersey City, and built up an extensive general and admiralty practice in all the courts of this 140 TIIK JrniClAl, AND civil, II1ST(iI:Y iiF NKW .lEliSKY. State. Mr. Seynumr enlisted in 18G2 in Co. A, 2*-Jcl N. Y. State Militia, and participated in the caniixiipn at Harper's Ferry and in the Shenan- doah Valley, beinj^ honorably discharged at the end of his term of en- listment. In 18G4 he raised a company of one hundred men, who were mustered in as Ct). A, 3Tth X. J. Vols. He was commissioned captain and with his rej.i^iment joined the Army of the James, where he served until the war closed. Ik- was one of the first members and for several terms judjje advocate of the department of the (i. A. R. in Xew Jersey. Bect)minj4- a Mason in 1S(J9 he received the 3'2d degree, and held high offices in that order. He was police justice of Jersey City from IS? I to 18T4, was a nvmber of the Hudson County Chosen Board of Free- holders in 18S:{, and in 1885 was elected to the State Legislature, where he was one of the committee to revise the Martin act. He was a mem- ber of the Board of Finance and Taxation of Jersey City in 1882 anil 1883, and was corporation counsel of that city for several years after 1885. He was a member of the Hudson County and Jersey City Re- publican Committees almost continuously from 1808, being chairman of the latter for ten years, and in 188!t became a member of the vState Committee, and was also connected witli many other i)olitical and social organizations. He was appointed judge of the Second District Court of Jersey City, but died soon afterward on March ;3(), 18!»1, was j^radualetl from Princeton CcjUc^c in 1841, and read law in tlie oflice of (iovcrnor Pc'nnin3L,flon He was adniiltt.'d t(» the New Jersey bar as an attorney in ISM and as a counselor in 1848, and first practiced in Newton and Deckertown, N. J. In iKf'tT he removed to Jersey City, where he lias since resideil. He is well known throu;^h- out the State, and in ISGv was a candidate for Conj^ress. At different times he has been a partner of Joseph C. Potts and Robert O Babbitt. He is recos^ni/.ed as an expert in mining' law and operatit^n. C'l AKKNTK. Linn, Jersey City, was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in June, 18S;5, and as a counselor in June, 1S8<'.. He is in active practice in Jersey City, Edwin M annkks, Jersey City, is descended from Joliii Manners, of Yorkshire, I'^ngland, who settled in New Jersey about ITOO, and who married Rebecca Stout, a granddaughter of the Penelope \'an Princes Stout of tragic history. His gfreat-great-grandfather, John Schenck, was a captain in the Revolutionary army and by a well-planned am- buscade prevented the British from overrunning Hunterdon county, N. J. His grandfather, David Manners, was an (^fiicer in the War of 1812, On his mother's side Mr. Manners is descended from Edward and Anne (Griggs) Johnes, natives of Hinder, Somerset, England, who landed at Salem but soon settled at Charlestown, Mass., in 1G30, and in this line he is connected with David Johnes, a captain and major in the Revolution. David S. Manners, father of Edwin, was for several terms mayor of Jersey City. Mr. Manners, who is a son of David S. and Deborah Philips (Johnes) Manners, was born in Jersey City, N. J., March 0, 1855, was educated in jniblic school No. 3 and Hasbrouck Institute of his native place and at Mount Pleasant Military Academy, Sing Sing, N. Y., and was grad- uated from Princeton University, receiving the decree of A. B. in 1877 and that of A.M. in 1880. At the.se three institutions he was connected as editor with the Uuill, the Mount Pleasant Reveille, and the Nassau Literary Magazine, and in them also won prizes for composition and speaking. He has for .several years contributed both prose and verse to leading newspapers and magazines. He read law with Collins «.V Corbin, of Jersey City, received the degree of LL.B. from Columbia Law School, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey at Trenton as an attorney in November, 1880, and as a coun.selor in November, 1883. ^^^^/^«/^^^'^^^C^'^^rr■^^'f /f" -<<^rt^f.yr^^j^^ffy. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 145 Since his admission he has been in active practice in Jersey City, where he has been prominent in securing an adequate water supply for that place. He is a Democrat in politics and a member of the Palma and Princeton Clubs, the Jersey City Board of Trade, and the Sons of the American Revolution. WirxiAM I. Lewis, Paterson, was born in Wales, England, April 12, 1861, a son of Isaac A. and Hannah M. Lewis, and came to Paterson, N. J., with his parents in 1863. He was educated in the public schools of Paterson and under private tutelage. He read law with the late Absalom B. Woodruff, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1882, and as a counselor in February, 1886. He was clerk of the grand jury of Passaic county from 1878 to 1882, has been counsel of the Paterson Board of Health, and served as member of the New Jersey Assembly in 1894. He is the author of Digest Laws of New Jersey, 1876-87. In April, 1890, he was appointed by Governor Griggs judge of the District Court of Paterson for a term of five years. Charles Wolcott Parker, Jersey City, born October 22, 1862, in Newark, N. J., is a son of Cortlandt and Elizabeth W. (Stiles) Parker, and received his preliminary education at Pingry School, Elizabeth, N. J., and Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N. H. He was graduated from Princeton College in 1882, read law under the direction of his father and at. Columbia Law School from 1882 to 1885, and was admit- ted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1885, and as a coun- selor at the February term, 1890. Since his admission in 1885 he has practiced his profession in Newark till 1890, thereafter in Jersey City. November 22, 1893, he was married to Miss Emily Fuller, of Boonton, N. J. They reside in Bergen Point, N. J. John H. Reynolds, Paterson, born in Paterson, N. J., February 11, 1855, is the son of John and Elizabeth Reynolds, and was graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in June, 1876. He read law with James H. Rogers, of Paterson, was graduated from Co- lumbia College Law School in 1878, and was admitted before the vSu- preme Court to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1879, and as a counselor at the February term, 1886. He has successfully prac- ticed his profession in Paterson since 1879. John J. Toffey, Jersey City, born in Pawling, Dutchess county, N.Y., June 1, 1844, came to Hudson county, N. J., in 1854. At the age of eighteen he enlisted in the 21st N, J. Vols., and served nine monhts in 14C THK jrniCIAL and CIVII, IH-IoKV ()1- nkw jersev. the war of the Rebellion. He at once re-enlisted in the 2?»d X. J. \'ols. , was commissioned first lieutenant of Co. (i, and on November 23, iHGIi, at Mission Ridge, Tenn., was severely wounded and disabled from further service in the field. I^ater President Lincoln commissioned him lieutenant of the Veteran Reserve Corps, and in this capacity he remained with the Union army imtil June, IHCG, when he was honorably discharged. From 18G6 to 1874 he was engaged in business. In 1874 he was elected to the Board of Alderman of Jersey City and served two years. In 1875 and again in 1S7'I he was elected to the Assembly and in 1875 was chosen sheriff of Hudson county. In 1878 he was elected treasurer of the State of New Jersey by ynnt session (jf the Legislature and served six years. In lS!t:i he was again elected sheriff of Hudson county. In ISGT Mr. Toiiey organized Co. D, -ith Rcgi. N. J. Rifle Corps, which became a part of the National Guard. He was elected major and later lieutenant-colonel, and resigned-this position in 1876. He is a member of G. Van Houten Post No. :3, G. A. R., Pennsylvania Com- mandery, Order of the Loyal Legion, Mount Vernon Chapter, R. A. M., Hugh de Payen Commandery, K. T., and New Jersey Consistory, A. A. S. R., and past master of Bergen Lodge No. 47, F. S: A. M. Mr. Toffey was married in 1870 to Miss Mary E. Sip, granddaughter of Col. Garret Sip and great-granddaughter of Peter Sip, one of the first judges of Hudson county. Ch.\ki.es Edward Wkf.ks, Newark, the second son of the late John Randel Weeks, was born November 27. 1850, in Newark. N. J., where he has always resided. He was educated at the Newark Academy, read law with his father, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in November, 1878. He is a master and examiner in chan- cery, and since about 1872 has been connected with the Mutual Bene- fit Life Insurance Company of Newark. November 14, 1877, he mar- ried Miss Josephine Williamson, of Somerset county. N. J. JoH.N R.^NDKL Wekks, Newark, the youngest son of the late John R. and Mary F (Adriance) Weeks, is a native of Newark, N. J., where he resides He was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in November, 1881, and is also a member of the bar of New York city, where he practices Hknrv Wf.stp.ro(jk WiNiiEi.D, Jcrscy City, born January 4, 1857, in Jersey City, N. J,, a son of Charles Ilardenburgh and Harriet Mc- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 147 Dougall (Allan) Winfield, was graduated from Rutgers College in 1876 as A. B., and received the degree of M. A. from that institution in 1879. He read law in Jersey City with Gilchrist, McGill & Gillmore and with Hon. Alexander T. McGill, and in 1879 received the degree of LL.B. from Columbia Law School. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey at Trenton as an attorney in June, 1879, and as a coun- selor at the same term, 1883. He served as supervisor of elections of Jer- sey City in 1878 and as counsel to the Hudson County Board of Health in 1887. He resides in Bayonne, N. J. Augustus Z.ABRiSKiE, Jersey City, is the youngest son of Chancellor Abraham O. and Sarah A. Zabriskie, and was born in Hackensack, N. J., March 4, 1843. He was educated at Princeton College and at Harvard Law School, read law with his father, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1869, and since his admission has been in active practice in Jersey City. Earle Ixslev, Jersey City, born in Jersey City, N. J., July 21, 1858 a son of Henry E. and Sarah A. F. (Babb) Insley, who graduated fromthe Jersey City High School in June, 1878, read law there with Peter Bentley and Charles H. Hartshorne, and was admitted to the bar of this State as attorney in June, 1882. Charles Hopkins Hartshorne, Jersey City, born in Jersey City, N. J., November 22, 1851, is the son of Samuel H. and Elizabeth V. Hartshorne, read law with Peter Bentley, sr. , and was admitted to the bar at Trenton as an attorney in November, 1872, and as counselor in November, 1875. Among the important cases with which he has been connected are those of the Mayor et al. of Jersey City vs. Vreeland, 14 Yroom, 638, and the Provident Institution vs. Jersey City, 11 U. S. Reports, 506. He is the author of Hartshorne's New Jersey Index- Digest. William F. Midlige, Jersey City, born September 12, 1860, in Jersey City, N. J., is a son of Frederick W. and Anna Middlelegge, and was educated at the Jersey City Grammar and High Schools. He was graduated from Rutgers College in 1882, read law with Judge William P. Douglass, of Jersey Cit}^, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in June, 1885, and as a counselor in June, 1888. Mr. Midlige has since practiced his profession with success in his native city. 148 TIIK jrDIClAl. AND ('I\ II. IIISTitKY (>K NKW JERSEY. JiniN l.AWkiNii Km.1.1 K, Jersey Lity, Doin l'ci»niaiN- ".M), |hG*-i, in the city of New York, is a son of Jacob and Catharine Keller, and was graduated from Princeton College in 18H.'3. He read law in Jersey City with William I). Edwards and was admitted there as attorney at June term, ISHO. and as counselor at the same term in 1889. Jamks S. ICkwiN, Jersey City, was born in Jersey City, N. J., Sep- tember 5, 1857, the son of Matthew and Caroline A. Erwin. He re- ceived his education at public schools Nos. 1 and '.i in Jersey City, at the Cooper Union vScientific School in New York and under i)rivate tutors. His legal studies were pursued in the office of Washington H. Williams in Jersey City, and he was admitted to practice as an attor- ney at the February term of 1881 at Trenton and as a counselor at the same term and place in 1894. He was corporation attorney or Jersey City in 1894, ami iii liie }C'ar 1890 served as a member of the General Assembly. Since his admis- sion to the bar he has resided and practiced his profession in Jersey City in partnershi]) with John L. Keller under the firm name of Erwin cK: Keller. His ])ractice is mainly in chancery and civil work in the civil courts, and he has been connected with many municipal cases re- lating to the tenure in office of Union soldiers, and to policemen and firemen. During the years 1894 and 1895 he edited the Criminal Law Magazine and Reporter, published by F. D. Linn tSc Co., of Jersey City. John A. Hl.air, Jersey City, born in Blairstown, Warren county, N. J., July 8, 1843, was educated at the Blairstown Presbyterian Acad- emy, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1860. He read law with Hon. J. C. Shipman, of Belvidere, N. J., and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 18G9, and as a counselor in Jime, 1872. On the passage of the law creating District Courts in Jersey City Mr. Blair was appointed one of the first judges by Gov- ernor Bedle. He was appointed corporation counsel of that city in 1885, resigned in 1869, and was reappointed in 1894. He has success- fully practiced his profession in Jersey City since January, 1870, win- ning a high reputation as an able, conscientious lawyer and advocate. He is possessed of sound and discriminating judgment and scholarly attainments of a rare order. In politics he is an ardent and consistent Republican. George W. Cassedy, Jersey City, born July 5, 1824, in Jersey City, BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 149 N. J,, was educated at Columbia College, read law with his father, Col. Samuel Cassedy, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in 1845. He was city clerk of Jersey City from 1850 to 1865, when he was elected county clerk of Hudson county. In 1870 he resumed the prac- tice of the law in Jersey City. He resides in Elizabeth, N. J. Elijah T. Paxton, Hoboken, born near Jamesburg, Middlesex county, N. J., was educated in the public schools and at Englishtown Academy, and read law with the late Hon. Joseph D. Bedle, of Freehold. He finished his legal studies at Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., and 'was admitted to the bar of New Jersey at the June term, 18GG. He began active practice in Jersey City. For some time he was cor- poration attorney for Union Hill, and in 1877 he represented the Eighth district of Hudson county in the House of Assembly. In the latter part of the same year (1877) he was appointed one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas of the county of Hudson, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge John Wiggins. In 1880 he was elected to the State Senate, where he served with honor and credit for three years. Afterward he was corporation attorney of Jersey City and as- sistant prosecutor of the pleas for Hudson county. He is now jvidge of the district court of the city of Hoboken, N. J. Judge Paxton is an able lawyer and jurist, and has attained a high place at the Hudson county bar, of which he is one of the oldest and best known members. Abraham Van Horn, Jersey City, born in Jersey City, N. J., July 14, 1849, is a son of Garret and Agnes Van Horn, and was graduated from Rut- gers College in 1870. He read law with Garrick M. Olmstead and was admitted to the bar at Trenton as attorney in June, 1873, and as coun- selor in June, 1876. Among the important cases with which he has been connected was that of the Germania Savings Bank of New jersey settlement. Albert Chandler Wall, Jersey City, born in Kingston, N. J., Jan- uary 24, 1866, is a son of Edward and Sarah (Berry) Wall, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1886. His law studies were pur- sued under the direction of Vredenburgh & Garretson, of Jersey City, and at the Columbia Law wSchool and he was admitted to the bar as at- torney in November, 1889, and as counselor in February, 1894. He resides in South Orange, N. J. William Charles Cudlipp, Jersey City, born June 15, 1860, in Jersey 15(» TIIK JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTuKV (»F \K\V .TFnSKT Cily, N. |., is a son of William H. and Harriet i.. Ludiipp, and was graduated from the University of the City of New York in June, 1881. He studied law with Wallis & Edwards and Collins &Corbin, of Jersey City, and was admitted to the bar there as attorney in June, 1884, and as counselor in June, 1SS8. John CiAKkicK, Jersey City, born in P>olton, Lancashire, ICngland, November lo, 1840, is ason of John Garrick, and cameto America when six years old, settling in Jersey City, N. J., where he has since resided. He was educated at St. Mary's College, Wilmington, Delaware, and at St. Francis Xavier's College in New York, and read law with Hon. Isaac W. Scudder of Jersey City. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in June, 18G2, and as a counselor in February, 18G0, and is a special master and examiner in chancery. He has al- ways practiced his profession in Jersey City, where he has won a high place at the bar, and where, in 1870, he was appointed special counsel for the police commissioners under the new consolidated city, a position he held one year. In 1878 he was appointed by Governor McClellan a judge of the Second District Court of Jersey City for five years, and later he became secretary and treasurer of the Jersey City Law Library Association. In 1874 he married a daughter of Gen. E. R. V. Wright. Mr. Garrick's father, John Garrick, was one of the Serrell engineer- ing corps engaged in building the works before Fort Pulaski to attack that fortification, and died while the works were in course of construc- tion. WiM.iAM M. I)4, and in December of the same year was made master in chancery. He acted as deputy superintendent of schools of Klizabetli from May, 1880, to March, 18*)2, and as city superintendent from October, 1804, until he resiy^ned September 1, 18'.>5. He has resided in Elizal)eth, N. J., most of the tunc since April, 1857. Edward Y. Rogers, of Rahway, father of Edward L. Roj^ers, of New York city and half-brother to Mrs. Julia I'. Dix, was lonj^ a well known member of the New Jersey bar. Mr. Dix was married on February 1, lSS:i, to Miss Elizabeth Le Rhn Small, who for many years was prominently connected with the management of the Morris Canal. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 153 GusTAVE J. WoLRER, Ncwark, born June 28, 1857, in Newark, N. J., is a son of John T. and Theresa M. (Fritz) Wolber, natives of Baden- Baden, Germany, who came to America and settled in Newark in 1852. He was educated in the public and private schools of his na- tive city, and when only twelve and one-half years of age entered the office of the New Jersey Volksmann. One year later, or in 1871, he entered the employ of the New Jersey Freiezeitung, one of the leading German newspapers of the city of Newark and State of New Jersey, with which he has ever since been connected, becoming day foreman when nineteen. He has been an active Republican since 187G, has been delegate to various district and State political conventions. In the fall of 1884 he was elected to the Board of Education from the Sixth ward, and served four years, 1885, '86, '87 and '88. In 1887 he was elected coroner of Essex county and re-elected in 1893, for terms of three 3'ears each. He is a member of various political, benevolent, and fraternal organizations of Newark. In 1879 he married Frances, daughter of John Tithorn, of Newark, N. J. Frederick Henry Pilch, Newark, was born in Newark, N. J., March 5, 1842, and died in Bloomfield, N. J., December 3, 1889. He was a son of Rev. Frederick W. Pilch and Martha Alexander, his wife. Rev. Mr. Pilch was a well known M. E. clergyman, who had charge of the Bethel church for seamen in Newark for many years, and was a mem- ber of the first Board of Trustees of the Fifth ward public school of the same city. He served through the Peninsula war. Frederick H. Pilch was educated in the Newark public schools, read law in that city with Hon. Samuel F. Bigelow, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey at Trenton as an attorney in November, 1874, and as a counselor at the same term in 1877. He served one year in the Rebellion; was commander of William S. Pierson Post, G. A. R., of Bloomfield, and was a trustee of the schools of Bloomfield, and had a large civil law practice. As a writer and poet he acquired a high reputation, winning the approbation of such critics as Edmund Clarence Stedman. He was the author of a volume entitled "Homespun Verses," and also wrote numerous articles for the newspapers. He married Frances H. Gelling-, of Rochester, N. Y. ^i->) Frederic Rohert Pilch, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., May 4, 1864, is the son of Frederick Henry and Frances H. (Gelling) Pilch, and received his education in the public schools of Newark and Bloom- T 154 THE jrniri \i. and rivii. iiisTr)KY or nkw jkr^ey". field, N. J. Ho read law m liic oinccs oi !■ rcdfrii; Adams, llalscy M. Barrett, Francis K. Howell, and Frederick II. Pilch, all of Nework, and was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton as an attorney in February, 1S87. Since then he has been in active and successful practice in his native city. On November 7, 188!«, he married Jane, daughter of Stephen and Mary Gilson, of Bloomfield, X. J., where Mr. and Mrs. Pilch reside. Hknrv G. Pilch, Newark, born March 4, 1S7:{, in Newark, N. J., is the son of Frederick Henry and Frances H. (Gellinj^), and received his education in the Bloomfield public and high schools. He read law with his brother, Frederic R. I*ilch, and Frederick T. Johnson, of Newark, was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1894, and since then has been associated in practice with his preceptors. He resides in Bloomfield, N. J. Hknrv Holmstkr Dawson, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., Octo- ber 31, 18G0, is a son of Edw'in H. and Julia M. (Hollister) Dawson, and was graduated from the Newark High School in 1877, and from the New York University in 1881. He read law in his native city with Francis K. Howell, was graduated from the Columbia Law School as LL. B. in 1883 and was admitted to the bar of New York as attor- ney and counselor in the same year. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in November, 1885, and as counselor in Febru- ary, 1889, and since 1885 has successfully practiced his profession in Newark, where he resides. Mr. Dawson was married May 7, 1890, to Ida A. Wharton, daughter of John Wharton, of Newark, N. J. Cn.vRLEs F. Herk, Newark, born in Little Falls, Passaic county, N. J., March 5, 1803, is the son of Frederick and Elizabeth (Heinrich) Herr, natives of Germany, who came to America about 1825. In 18U7 the family moved to Newark, N, J., where Mr. Herr received a good German and English education, and where he read law with Oscar Naundorff. He was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in Februar)', 1885, is a master in chancery and for two years was a mem- ber of the Newark Board of Education. He has successfully carried on a general practice, giving special attention to real estate and chan- cery law. Mr. Herr was married in 1887 to Anna L., daughter of Franz Schweitzer, of Newark, N. J. Frederick Harvey Lum, Newark, born in Chatham, N. J., October Vl BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 155 5, 1848, is the son of Harvey M. and Phebe J. S. (Briien) Lum, and descends on both sides from the earliest settlers of New Jersey. He was graduated from the school of Julius D. Rose, M. D., of Summit, N. J., read law with Hon. John Whitehead and William B. Guild, of Newark, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney at the February term, 1870, and as a counselor at the November term, 1873. Mr. Lum is a master in chancery, a member of the well known law firm of Guild & Lum, of Newark, and has been president of the village of Chatham, N. J., where he resides, since its incorporation. On the 10th of March, 1870, he married Alice Elizabeth, daughter Edward C. and Rachel P. (Banta) Harris, of Nyack, N. Y Henry Young, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., October 24, 1844, is the son of Charles E. and Charlotte Denman (Wilbur) Young, of that city, and grandson of John and Catherine (Tuttle) Young, of Morris county. His maternal grandpareats were Rodney Wilbur, of Elizabeth, and Charlotte Denman, of Springfield, N. J. Mr. Young was grad- uated from Princeton College in June, 1862, read law with Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, and at the Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in November 1865, and as a counselor at the same term three years later. Since his admission he has successfully practiced his profession in Newark, where he resides. He was assistant United States district attorney from 1866 to 1871, and counsel of the city of Newark from 1876 to 1884. He has given special attention to questions of constitutional law, and law relating to corporations, and in these branches is considered an au- thority. In June, 1870, Mr. Young was married at Cornwall-on-the- Hudson, to Margaret Anna, daughter of James Kent and Mary (Kel- logg) Hitchcock, of Utica, N. Y. Henry Young, Jr., Newark, born November 22, 1871, in Newark, N. J., is a son of Henry and Margaret (Hitchcock) Young, and was graduated from Princeton University in 1893. He read law with Henry Young and John R. Hardin, of Newark, was admitted to the New Jer- sey bar as an attorney at the June term, 1896, and is associated with his father in practice. Ernest V. A. Belfatto, Newark, born in the Commune of Aquilonia, Province of Avellino, Italy, July 23, 1863, is the son of Vincenzo and Concetta (Sepe) Belfatto, and when twelve entered the college atNusco, where he spent three years. He continued his studies at Avellino and 156 THK jrniClAL AND CIVIL III.^ToRY oF NEW JERSEY. Xajilcs and at the ajjc of twenty, was called t<» serve in the army, in which he passed twenty months as a soldier. Later he i)assed, in Naples, ten cxamijiations in as many days on special and civil li\ws (and was the voimgest man approved in his class, being third in point of merit), for the purpose of securinji^ a jrovernment fiosition, but his love of liberty and natural ambitit)ns led him to embark for America. He arrived in New York city, April 28, 1887, and at once settled in Newark, N. J., where he read law with James M. Trimble for four years. He was ad- mitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in June, 1891, and as a counselor in June, 1894, and since his admission has been in active prac- tice in the city of his adoption, having a large and lucrative law busi- ness, especially among his countrymen. He has the distinction of be- ing the first Italian to become a member of the New Jersey bar. Mr. Belfatto has made a special study of the French and English languages as well as that of his native country, and is master of all three. Besides this he possesses a liberal knowledge of Latin and Greek. He is a Democrat and a member of the JefTersonian Club of Newark, N. J., and other jjolitical and literary clubs. David D. Caknkv, Newark, was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in June, 189-i. He resides in Harrison, N. J. Arthur R. Dkn.man, Newark, born in New York city, February 19, 1850, is a son of Asahel A. and Ann vS. (Peck) Denman, both deceased, andagrandson of John Denman,of Sussex county, England, who, coming to America settled at Hyde Park, Dutchess county, N. Y., about the year 1795. His mother's family were New Englanders and early set- tlers of Greenwich, Conn. Mr. Denman attended the public .schools of his native city, until obliged to relinfjuish his .studies at a very early age and earn his own living. His education and i^rofession are wholly the result of his personal efforts. His youth and early manhood were spent at his trade of patternmaker, and in constant study and self-im- provement. He read law in Newark with vStone & Jackson, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in February, 1881, and as a counselor three years later. Since his admission he has contin- uously practiced law in Newark. He was actively as.sociated in organ- izing the Fidelity Title and Deposit Company of Newark, and became its first secretary, resigning the office in 1889, John Jay Jovck, Newark, born in Chester county, Pa., on November 20. 1S48. is a son of William R. and Mary M (Joyce) P.lakeslee. Will- I T^ ^^^£~,^/^35«Sa-77s £ BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 157 iam R. Blakeslee was a physician, whose ancestors for several genera- tions were New England people. Mary M. Blakeslee, the mother of Mr. Joyce was a daughter of John J. Joyce, of Philadelphia, long a prominent iron manufacturer in that city and whose ancestors came from Coventry, England. John J. Joyce went to live with his mater- nal grandfather at an early age, and ultimately assumed his name. He was educated in the preparatory schools of Philadelphia and at the University of Pennsylvania, from which latter institution he was grad- uated in the class of 1871, among his classmates being Charles G. Gar- rison, now one of the associate justices of the vSupreme Court of New Jersey, and Hampton L. Carson, the historian of the Supreme Court of the United States and a prominent member of the Philadelphia bar. Mr. Joyce also spent two years at Yale University, pursuing graduate and special studies, and during this time studied Sanskrit and Com- parative Philology under William D, Whitney. He read law in the of- fice of the Corporation Counsel of New York and after practicing sev- eral years in that city was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in November, 1888, and as counselor in February, 1892. He was as- sociated as counsel with the late Richard vS Newcombe in the litigation that followed the discovery of the attempt to wreck the Sixth National Bank of New York city. Mr. Joyce is a member of the bar of the Su- preme Court of the United vStates. His practice in New Jersey has been confined largely to real estate law, and for several years he was connected with the Fidelity Title and Deposit Company of Newark as assistant title officer. He maintains offices in New York city and New- ark, N. J. Mr. Joyce married in 1877, Mary Struthers Jones, of Rox- borough, Philadelphia, daughter of Nathan Levering Jones and his wife, Margaret S. Jones (Struthers). Mrs Joyce is a niece of the late Horatio Gates Jones, for a longtime vice president of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, and a lineal descendant of David Jones, the fighting- chaplain of the Revolution. Mr. Joyce has two children, a son and daughter. They reside in East Orange, N. J. Samuel Vaughan Hulse, Newark, born in Hightstown, N. J., Decem- ber 31, 1848, is the son of Anthony and Hannah A. (Shepherd) Hulse, and a great-grandson of James Hulse, of Monmouth county. He was graduated from Peddie Institute in 1869 and from Harvard University in 1872, and read law in Boston with Hon. Charles Allen, formerly attorney-general and justice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, and with Stone & Jackson, of Newark, N. J. He was admitted to the 158 THK jrniClAL AND riVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. bar of this vState at Trenton as an attorney in June, 187.3, and as a counselor in June. 187(5, and is a master and examiner in chancery. Mr. HuKse was counsel for the defence in the celebrated Vernon divorce case, and durinj^f a lon^ and successful le^al career has been actively connected with many other important trials. He has practiced his pro- fession in Newark, X. J., since his admission to the bar. He is counsel for, and one of the executors of the estate of S. S. Doughty, and coun.sel for several other large estates. Also counsel for several financial, benevolent and religious corporations, Julv 14, 1S81, he was married to Carrie E. White of Newark, N. J. L. D. Howard Gii.mour, Newark, born in Cape May City, N. J., Oc- tober 27, 18G0, is the son of Dr. Henry L. Gilmour, and was educated at the South Jersey Institute, of Bridgeton, graduating as honor man of his class in June, 1870. He read law in Camden, N. J., with How- ard M. Cooper, and was admitted before the Supreme Court to the bar of this State at Trenton as an attorney in February, 1885, and as a couselor at the same term, in 1888, and to practice in the United States Supreme Court at Washington, D. C, April 3, 1893. Mr. Gilmour has been interested principally in real estate and corporation work, and was connected with the legal department of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company from 1883 to 1892. Since the latter year has been a trustee of his alma mater, the South Jersey In.stitutc. On April 2, 1885, he was married to Jennie D. Paullin, daughter of Norton L., and Maria D. (Dare) Paullin, of Bridgeton, N. J. Ei.viN Williamson Ckank, Newark, born October 20, 1S53, in Brc^ok- lyn, N. Y., is the son of Samuel and Naomi (Williamson) Crane, both of old colonial stock, and who moved to Newark, N. J., when he was (piite voung. On his mother's side he is descended from Gen. James Williamson, a soldier of the War of 1812. Mr. Crane was educated in the public and St. Paul's schools of Newark, read law there with Joseph P. Bradley and G. N. Abeel and was admitted U) the New Jersey bar as an attorney in February, 1875, and as a counselor in February, 1882, Since his admission he has had large experience in criminal law. He was assistant prf)secutor of the Essex County Pleas under Col. G, N, Abeel and Oscar Keen, and in 1888 .succeeded the latter as prosecutor, to which office he was reappointed by Governor Werts in 1893 for a second term of five years. He has been connected with a large num- ber of murder and other criminal cases, notable those of Emma Wood, I BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 159 Fiddler vSmith, and Henry Kohl. He became a trustee of the Newark City Home in October, 1881, and served several years, was chairman of the Democratic city central committee for a time, and in 1887 was elected a member of the New Jersey Legislature. In every capacity he has served with great credit, fidelity, and distinction. Mr. Crane was married July 9, 1879, to Emma J. daughter of Jacob Esch, and they have oneson,Elvin N., born August 16, 1890. Edward Oakes, residence Glenridge, formerly Bloomfield, was ad- mitted to the New Jersey bar at Trenton as an attorney in February, 1882, and as a counselor at the same term in 1885, and is a master in chancery. He is in active and successful practice in Newark, N. J. Frederick Frelinghuvsen Guild, Newark, born September 22, 1858, is the son of William B. (see sketch) and Anna M. Guild, of Newark, N. J., and grandson of the late William B. Guild, for many years one of the associate judges of the Essex County Court of Common Pleas. He was educated in the Newark Academy, read law in his native city, Newark, with the firm of Guild & Lum, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney at the June term, 1878, and as a coun- selor at the February term, 1882. April 1, 1896, he was appointed by Gov, John W. Griggs judge of the Second District Court of the city of Newark for a term of five years. Judge Guild was married June 30, 1887, at Orange, N. J., to Eliza- beth P. Baldwin, daughter of William H. and Cornelia H. (Price) Bald- win, now residents of Newark. Robert Harris McCarter, Newark, born April 28, 1859, in New- ton, N. J., is the son of Hon. Thomas N. McCarter, one of the fore- most members of the bar of New Jersey, whose biography appears elsewhere in this volume. He was educated at Princeton University, read law in Newark with McCarter & Keen, and at the Columbia Law School of New York, and was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton as an attorney in June, 1882, and as a counselor in June, 1885. He is a member of the well known firm of McCarter, Williamson & McCarter, of Newark, and has been in active practice in all classes of cases. October 12, 1886, Mr. McCarter married Mary Bouvier Peterson, of Philadelphia, Pa. They reside in Newark, N. J. John H. Meeker, Sr., Newark, born July 2, 1823, in Newark, N. J., 160 THK .irniClAl- AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JKRSEY. was a son of Samuel Meeker, who w as president of the State Bank of Newark, the Newark .Savings Institution, and the Newark Gas Light Company, and warden and treasurer of Trinity church, Newark. His great-grandfather was Major Samuel Meeker, who commanded a com- pany of horse, Continental Army, at the battle of Springfield in the Revolutionary war. The family is descended from William Meeker, who came from New Haven, Conn., to near I'^lizabeth, N. J., in the early part of the seventeenth century. John H. Meeker was graduated from Yale College in 1842, in the same class with the late Hon. Theo- dore Runyon, and read law in his native city with Amzi Armstrong and Algernon S, Hubbell. He spent the years 1844 and 1845 travel- ing in the United States and Europe, and returning home was ad- mitted to the bar of New Jersey in May, lS4t;. He practiced his pro- fession in Newark with uninterrupted success until his death on January 2(», 1880. He was special master and examiner in chancery, to which court his business was largely confined. In 1SG4 and again in 1865 he was chosen secretary of the State Senate, and in 1877 was ap- pointed associate judge of the E^ssex County Court f)f Common Pleas, which position he held five years. He married Henrietta A. Bolles, who survives him. Their old home on Orange Mountain at South Orange, N. J., was destroyed by fire in February, 1895. John II. Mkkkkr, Newark, born May 19, 1854, in Newark, N. J., is the son of the late John H. and Henrietta A. (Bolles) Meeker, and was educated in the schools of his native city and at the University of Ins- bruck in Tyrol, Austria. He read law with the late Hon. Theodore Runyon and Judge Ludlow McCarter, was admitted to the New Jer- sey bar as an attorney in June, 1878, and as a counselor in June, 1881, and is a master and examiner in chancery and a notary public. He has been township counsel and is now special counsel of the town- ship of South Orange, and is also counsel for the Dime Savings In- stitution of Newark, N. J. Among the important cases which he has tried in the higher courts of the State may be mentioned that of Hoetzel vs. East Orange Township, which was determined, in ac- cordance with his views, in tlie Supreme C<»urt and the Court of Errors and Appeals, the proper method of making assessments for public im- provements in that township, all previous assessments having been for many years illegal, and that of Hart et al. vs. Village of South Orange, relative to the sewerage system of that jilace. Others of his cases are BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. - 161 reported in the New Jersey Reports. Mr. Meeker resides in Orange, N. J. Louis Huff Schkx(.:k, Newark, born in Neshanic, Somerset county, N. J., October 25, 1853, is the son of Hon. John G. and Sarah M. (Huff) Schenck and a great-grandson of John vSchenck, a captain in the Revolutionary army. The family came from Holland to Long Island about 250 years ago and moved thence to Monmouth county, N. J. John G. Schenck was a member of the House of Assembly from the Second district of Somerset county in 18G1-63 and 1872-74, or six years, and served efficiently as State senator from that county in 1879, 1880 and 1881. Louis H, Schenck was graduated from Rutgers College in 1874, and read law in Elizabeth, N. J,, in the offices of William J. Magie, justice of the Supreme Court, and ex-Judge Joseph Cross, composing the well known firm of Magie & Cross. He was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton as an attorney in June, 1877, and as a counselor in June, 1880, and since September, 1877, has successfully practiced his profession in Newark, N. J. He was admitted to practice in the United vStates District Court in November, 1884, and in the United vStates Circuit Court in December, 1893. Mr. Schenck has been a member and president of the Board of Education of Branchburg Town- ship, Somerset county, since 1894, and is a member and past chancellor of Neshanic Lodge No. 145, K. of P. He is a staunch Republican, has been active as a campaign speaker for several years, and has written a number of articles for the newspapers. In the spring of 1892 the Re- publican part}' gained control of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Somerset county and at the organization of the board in May of that year he was appointed as counsel to the board for a year, and held that position until May, 1893, when, owing to a change in the political complexion of the board he was superseded. He has been township counsel of Branchburg Township, in Somerset county, continuously since 1889, and of Hillsborough Township for the years 1892 and 1893. June 18, 1885, he was married at New Brunswick, N. J., to Emma A., daughter of John F. and Gertrude A. (Williamson) Babcock. Mr. and Mrs. Schenck reside in Neshanic, N. J. Frank B. Allen, Newark, born July 4, 1851, in Branchville, Sussex county, N. J., is a son of John L. and Charlotte (Bell) Allen, and was graduated from the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in 1870. u ir,-.' TlIK H'DICIAL AND < I \" 1 1 IlISToKV ( iF NKW .IFR.^FY lie rciul law with the late Lalcb h. 'litswtulh, ui .Newark, A. j., was admitted t<» tlie bar of this Stale as an attorney in November, IS?",', and as a counselor at the same term in 1875, and is a master in chan- tery. He has always practiced his profession in Newark, where he also resides, and is well known on account of his connection with liti- gation affecting that city in tlic matter of street assessments and taxes. For about three years he was the attorney for Dakota, for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company. Mr. Allen was married in 18HU to Anna, daughter of the late Jacob Skinkle, a well known citizen and real estate owner of Newark. She died October II, 1S95, leaving one daughter. John Stkvknson McMastkr, Jersey City, was born at Poconiokc City, Md., December 29, 1859, his parents being John T. B. McMaster. M. D. , and Elizabeth (irace Stevenson* his wife. Dr. McMaster was a Union Democrat during the war, served one term in the Maryland Senate, held various Federal offices, was first president of the railroad to I'ocomoke City .{now extended to Cape Charles, X'irginia), and prac- ticed his profession in that place for forty years until his death in is8!t. Mr. McMaster's mother was of Irish descent and distantly related to ex Vice-President Adlai E. Stevenson. His great-grandfather, Rev. Samuel McMaster, came from Scotland and was pastor at the sanic time of the Presbyterian churches at Snow Hill, Pitts Creek, and Reho- both. Maryland (his only charge), from 1774 to 1811. John S. McMaster was educated at the P(K"omoke High Schocjl and Delaware College at Newark, and was graduated from Lafayette Col- lege, Easton, Pa., in 1883, with the degreee of A. B., being Latin salu- tatorian. He taught mathematics and the natural sciences for five years in the Morris Academy, Morristown, N. j. While in Morristown he .studied law with Hon. H. C. Pitney, and later at the University of Virginia, and in June, 1888, at Trenton, was admitted to the b.-f i< ;it. torney, and in June, 1891, at the same place, as counselor. He came to Jersey City in 1889, and among his first cases there lie was one of the counsel for Mayor Cleveland in the contested electi(jn case»of Perkins vs. Cleveland. He served as private secretary to Presi- dent Werts of the Senate in 18S9, and- in a similar capacity to %S])eaker Hei)penheimer of the Hou.se in 1890, and to President Adrian of the Senate in 1891 and 1892, and to Governor Werts, during his term (1893-96) as governor of New Jersey, private secretary as soon as he took the oath. &^i/ 3^/777 ar? 7^fyj7h7~ ^?-y7\^ur'/' CtK BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 163 Mr. McMaster became a member of the present law firm of Dickin- son, Thompson & McMaster, of Jersey City, on April 1, 1892. He was appointed receiver of Liebmann Bros. Co., of Brooklyn, N.Y. (general merchandise, assets selling for nearly a quarter of a million dollars), and in the following important cases, with others; Atlas Iron Con- struction Co. (builders of the iron work in the American Tract Society building. New York), L. & C. Wise & Co. (large shoe house. New York), McKnight, Chidester Co. (woodwork factory, Jersey City), and Mt. Arlington Hotel and Land Company of Lake Hopatcong, N. J. His firm were the attorneys for the National Docks Railway Co. in the celebrated seven years' terminal fight against the Pennsylvania Rail- road Co., the latter finally losing the case. He was married at Pocomoke City,. Md. , May 15, 1894, to Louisa Jane Dennis, davighter of Hon. Samuel K. Dennis and Sally Crisfield, his wife, all of Maryland. Robert Linn Lawrence, Jersey City, is a son of Thomas and Mar- garet Rembert (Taylor) Lawrence, and was born in Sparta, Sussex county, N. J., October 4, 1851. His great-grandfather, Thomas Law- rence, of " Morrisvale," Sussex county, was appointed judge of the Sussex Common Pleas in February, 1801. His great-greatgrand- father, Lewis Morris, one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- pendence, was judge of the Court of Admiralty from 1760 to 1776, and this office his father, also Lewis Morris, held in 1738, having jurisdic- tion in the provinces of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Lewis Morris, the father of the last named Lewis, was governor of New Jersey, was judge of the Court of Common Rights in 1692, and was chief justice of the Supreme Court of New York from 1715 to 1733. Robert L. Lawrence was graduated from Princeton College in 1873, read law with Thomas Anderson, of Newton, and was admitted to practice in New Jersey as an attorney in November, 1876, and as a counselor in June, 1885. He has for many years, been one of the prominent members of the bar of Jersey City, where he resides. He was associated with Stewart Rapalje in conducting the Criminal Law Magazine from the commencement of that work until 1883 and also in preparing the valuable work entitled "Rapalje and Lawrence's Law Dictionary." Mr. Lawrence was married December 18, 1893, to Lillian M., daughter of the late John H. Fisher and Jeannette P. Walters, his wife, of Jersey city. \(M THK .IT'DiriAl. AND rWW. HISTORY OF NKW JERSEY. Wiiiiwi Kavm"\i' W ki K-, Newark, was i)(>rn Auji^ust 4. 1h}H, at Newark, X. ]., in the parsonay^e of his ^grandfather, Rev. William Kay- niond Weeks, D.I)., beinj^ the eldest son of John Randel Weeks. He was {graduated from the Market Street (Irammar Sehool, and entered the Hijjh School in IHGO, and was graduated from the Newark Acad- emy in 1 SG5. He has for several years been a trustee of the Academy, and is now historian of its alumni, of which he was i)resident at their cen- tennial in IKO'^. During- a portion of the Civil war he served in the New Jersey Militia, and was also a member of the council in Newark of the Union League. He spent a year in business in Newark and New Vork, and in ISOr. entered the office of his father to study law. He was admitted to practice as an attorney, in New Jersey, November 3, 1870. and as a counselor February 15, 187(J. He has never held ])oliti- cal office, although for many years an active worker in the Rejjublican party. In 1883 he organized a volunteer fire department at Bloomfield, N. J., served the following winter as a member of the Legislative Committee of the New Jersey State P'^iremen's Association, and, in 1884, was chosen its first State counsel, which office he retained four years, spending much time each winter in the Legislature obtaining laws favorable to the interests of the firemen of the State. He com- piled and published a compendium of these laws and a series of forms for firemen's relief associations. As a student and assistant to his father, who was the real estate counsel of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, he became an expert in will questions and in examining real estate titles in New Jer- sey and New Vt)rk, but after obtaining his license as a counselor he took up the general i)ractice of the law. He was one of the counsel for J(jseph A. Blair, of Montclaif, who was tried in 1870 and acquitted of the charge of shooting his coachman, John Armstrong. Owing to his inherited prejudice against litigation, Mr. Weeks has made the reputa- tion of being a " com])roniise " lawyer; and while he occasionally tries cases at law and in the Court (jf Chancery he is better known as hav- ing charge of large estates, in real estate and probate practice, and in the organizing of business or manufacturing corporations in New Jersey and New York. In March, 1895, he opened a branch law office in New Vork, and was admitted to practice there March 15, 1895. He is a member of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York and of the Lawyers' Club in New York, and of the Essex County Bar .As- sociation and Lawyers' Club in Newark. He has been a member of BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 165 the American Bar Association since 1879, and is a member of the American Numismatic and Archaeological Society, the Twilight Club and the Dunlap Society of New York, the New Jersey Historical Society, the. American Historical Association, the New Jersey Societies of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Order of the Founders and Patriots of America, and the Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jerse}'. In 1869 he married a daughter of the late Andrew Le Massena, of New- ark, by whom he has two daughters. Mrs. Weeks is a great-grand- daughter of Andre Massena, Prince of Essling, one of Napoleon's marshals, and is also descended from the Williams and Whitlocks of central New Jersey and from the Lees of New York. Mr. Weeks is the author of a History of the Newark Academy, and is preparing a Bibliography of New Jersey, a History of the Colonial Schools and vSchool Masters of New Jersey, a Monograph on The Jerseys in America, their Nomenclature and Cartography, prior to 1700, and a History of the First Endowment of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). Some years ago he published a History of the American Numismatic and Archaeological vSocietyof New York city, of which he was for several years the historiographer. John Randel Weeks, Newark, was born Octobor 18, 1817, at the parsonage of his father. Rev. William Raymond Weeks, D. D., at Litchfield South Farms, now Morris, Conn. During the war of 1812 Dr. Weeks was pastor of the Presbyterian church at Plattsburg, N. Y., and chaplain of the U. S. army. In 1815 he took charge of the Morris Academy at Morris, Conn. In 1818 he re- moved to Oneida county, N.Y., and, in 1832, to Newark, N. J., where he became pastor of the old Fourth Presbyterian church. This church was mobbed, July 11, 1834, when Mr. Weeks was to preach a sermon on the " sin of slavery." During his studies at the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, where he graduated in 1809, he advocated anti-slavery theo- ries. In 1837 he opened a collegiate school in his parsonage. Ill health caused him to give up preaching in 1845 and he died in 1848. He was a great linguist, having a knowledge of eight or ten languages, was a frequent contributor to the religious and secular press, and was the author of an arithmetic and lessons in Latin and Greek and of many controversial religious works. Having in his youth acquired the trade of a printer, he taught his sons the same trade. His wife, Hannah Randel, was a daughter of John Randel, a jeweler in New York city during the early \i\i\ TIIK .UDICIAI, AND (MVIL HISTORY OF NP:W JERSEY. pall .-i liic Rcvolutii>narv war, and a member of a committee to fit out l)rivateers, ami was arrested by the Hritish and sent to Nova Scotia, where lie was lon^ kei)t a prisoner on a j^rison ship. John Randel's father, John Randel, a descendant of Daniel Kandel, of Kandeltown, in the North of Ireland, came to America early in the eighteenth century. Hbenezer Weeks, father of Rev. William R., married a daughter of Rev. George Griswold, of Lyme, Conn., and, at the outbreak of the Revolu- tionary war, was a resident of New London, Conn. He responded to the Lexington alarm in April, ITTo, and marched to the relief of Bos- ton. His earliest ancestor in this country, George Weckes. a brother- in-law of Roger Clap, came from Uevonshi^;, England, in 1037. He was descended from the landed gentry of England, one of his ances- tors, Sir Robert le Wrey de la Wyke, a Norman knight, being granted large estates in England by William the Concjuenjr. From the Cla])s the family are descended from O.sgod Klapa, a Danish noble. The coats of arms of the Weeks family entitle them to sixteen (ptarterings, the first being an ermine shield with three battle axes. The Newark Daily Adverti.ser was first issued in 1832, the editors be- ing Am/.i Armstrong and John P. Jackson, both lawyers. One of its first printers was John Randel Weeks, who assisted in printing the first Newark directory, i.ssued at the Advertiser Press in 1835. /^fter he became twenty-one he spent several years in New York as a compositor and proof-reader. While em])loyed on the Newark Daily Advertiser he gained the good will of Mr. Jack.son, who, when re-elected clerk of Essex county in 1844, ap])ointcd ?.Ir. Weeks his assistant. Mr. "Weeks was at that time a student in the law office of Lewis C. (irover, and was admitted to practice law in New Jersey as an attorney in NLiv, 184'). In 1840 he was elected the successor of Mr. Jackson, as county clerk, and after his term ended, in 18.')4, he became the real estate counsel for the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company. He was for many years a director of this comj)any, and also of the Ameri- can Fire Insurance Company of Newark. During his service as county clerk he formed an antipathy to litigation. He (^fien said " three- (piarters of the cases could be settled, and nine-tenths ought to be. " The familiarity he gained, while in the clerk's office, with .searching titles, led him to adopt that work as a sjjecialty in his profession, and he became well known and resj^ected as an expert coun.sel in real estate titles an«l will questions in New Jersey and New York, and was often . consulted in intricate matters relating to mining titles in other States BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 1G7 and in the territories. In the Masonic fraternity he held prominent and important positions, being- for many years a trustee of St. John's Lodge and a member of Damascus Commandery of Newark. He was identified with several of the musical societies of Newark, and for up- wards of twenty years was choir leader of the High Street Presbyterian church, of which he was also a trustee and deacon. In politics he was first a Whig; on the organization of the Republican party he joined its ranks and remained actively with it until his death. He served seven years as a volunteer fireman in Newark, being- a member of Eng-ine Company No. 3, 1840-1844, and of Engine Company No. 5, 1844-1847. He became a life member of the New Jersey Historical Society soon after its organization in 1845. Prior to the establishment of the Board of Education he was a member and secretary of the School Committee of Newark, and from 1868 to 1871, he represented the Second ward in Newark on the Board of Education. He was a subscriber to the New- ark Academy and the Newark Public Library. He miarried, October 22, 1845, Mary Frances Adriance, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., a daughter of Charles Piatt Adriance, a jeweler. Her grandfather, Theodorus Adriance, was a private, corporal and sergeant during the Revolution- ary war, enlisting at Hopewell, N. Y. Her mother, vSarah Camp Adriance, was a descendant of William Campe, one of the original set- tlers of Newark, in 1666, from Milford, Conn. Her grandfather, Aaron Camp, was a private in an artillery company, raised in Newark during- the Revolutionary war, of which his father, Nathaniel Camp, was cap tain. As a special mark of favor, for personal services rendered, Gen- eral Washington gave Captain Camp a cannon, afterwards known as "Old Nat," which his descendants donated to the Washington head- quarters at Morristown, N. J. Mr. Weeks had six children : fhreesons, William Raymond, Charles Edward, and John Randel, are now New Jersey lawyers. Mr. Weeks was drowned on the evening of vSeptember 6, 1879, from a ferry boat at Jersey City. His death was the cause of the erection of gates at both ends of all the New York ferry boats. His wife sur- vived him only a few months. Gkorge John McEwan, Jersey City and New York, is a son of Thomas and Hannah (Ledgett) McEwan, and was born in Piermont, N. Y., January 16, 1862. He was graduated from the Jersey City High School in June, 1879, ;-ead law with his brother, Hon. Thomas McEwan, jr., and with Philo Chase, and was admitted to the New York i.,^ liiK .rrniciAL and civil histoky ok nkw .ikrsey. bar as aiiorncv and connscldr in January, IH.sf). lie was admitted to l)ractice in this .Slate as an attorney in June, 4887, and as a counselor in June, ISIU). He waseouncilnian of the town of West Hoboken, N. J., from May 1. is. lie was a member of the eonsliluliunal commission appointed by (iovernor Werts, and has been a delegate for several years to the various Republican Slate and local conventions. He has also been ft)r some lime counjjel for the tcnvnships of Manchester. Wayne, and Little Falls in Passaic county. Mr. Hmley is widelv known as a campaign speaker, and has won distinction at both, the bar and in politics, PniLii- LowY, Newark, is a S(jn of Bernard antl iJora ((ians) Lowy, natives of Prussia, and was born in Newark, N. J., June 5, 1K5H. His father was one of the earliest Hebrew residents of Newark, .settling there about 1845, and was one of the organizers of the first Hebrew church in that city. Mr. Lowy was educated in the public and high schools of Newark, and .spent nine years in the law offices of Guild & Lum. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar in June, 1881, and since then has been in active practice in his native city, making a specialty of real estate and building and loan association law. He is counsel for eight and was the organizer of four building and loan associations, has been one of the tax commissioners of Newark since 18S5, and is a direc- tor of the Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Society and a school trustee of the Benai Jeshurin Congregation of Newark. June 28, 1882, Mr. Lowy married Fannie daughter of Mendel Samuel, of Newark, and they have three sons, Milton, Mortimer, and Harry. GiLitKRT CoLi.iNS, Jerscy City, associate justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, is the son of Daniel Prentice Collins, a prominent man- ufacturer of Stonington, Conn., who died in 18G2, and a grands. and as a counselor in February, 1872. He practiced his BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 171 profession in Jersey City, first as a partner of Judg-e Dixon, and afterward with Charles L. and William H. Corbin, under the firm name of Collins & Corbin. For many years he was one of the leaders, not only of the Hudson county bar, but of the bar of the State, and in connection with his firm enjoyed an extensive legal business. Few lawyers in New Jersey are better known or had a higher reputation than Justice Collins. He was mayor of Jersey City from May, 1884, to May, 1886, but ex- cepting this has always declined public oflfice, preferring to devote his time wholly to his large law business. On March 3d of this year (1897) he was appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court of this State by Governor Griggs, and on March 8 his nomination was by the vSenate unanimously confirmed. He is a steadfast Republican and has always been an active worker for the success of his party. He is a member of the Union League and Palma Clubs of Jersey City, and one of the board of managers of the New Jersey Society of the Sons of the Revo- lution. He has a house in Jersey City and a handsome summer resi- dence near Stonington. In June, 1870, Justice CoUins was married to Miss Harriet Bush of Jersey City. They have three children. ■yyALTER Collins, Jersey City, son of Gilbert and Harriet (Bush) Collins, was born in Jersey City, N. J., August 9, 1872; was graduated from Williams College in 1893, taking one of the honor prizes, and read law under the direction of his father. He was admitted to prac- tice as an attorney in November, 1896, and is associated with the firm of Collins &- Corbin, his legal preceptors, of Jersey City. He is a member of several social clubs in New York and Jersey City, and of the New Jersey Society of the Sons of the Revolution. Samuel Hayes Pennington Jr., Newark, born March 9, 1842, inNew- ark, N. J., where his paternal ancestors have resided since the settle- ment of the town in 1666*, is the eldest son of Dr. S. PI. Pennington, the first president of the New City National Bank of Newark, and Anna J. M., his wife (deceased), and a great-grandson of Major Samuel Hayes, well known in the Revolutionary annals of New Jer- sey. He attended the Newark Academy, studied under the late Dr. J. F. Pingry at Roseville, and in 1858 entered Princeton College, from which he was graduated in 1862. He then began the study of law in the oi^ce of the late Joseph P. Bradley, afterward a justice of 172 THK JUDICIAI. AND (MVll. IllSTOlJY OF NKW JERSEY. the United States vSupreme Court. In 1S(;:J lie entered the military service of the United States at the time of Lees invasion of Pennsyl- vania. Returning to New Jersey he entered upon recruiting service, and in September, ISOli, became first lieutenant in the IJfjth X, ]. Vols. In l!S»'.4 he was made captain, and remained in service until he was mustered out August 1, IHCS. At the close of the war he resumed his law studies, attended Harvard Law Sclujol, and in November, 1HG«;, was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney, and in November, 1S(J".>, as a counselor. In September, 1878, he was admitted to jjractice in the United States Circuit and District Courts on motion of John Whitehead. Since 18F NKW JKriSKY. actcnslic pciiuips was In^ h'vaiiy. d^ui i" lus couiury ami his t'ricrnls. He achieved success in every sphere of life and was universally respected and esteemed. He was anion;^ the pioneers in the American leather trade abroad; and at home was ofTicially connected with many of the leadinj^ financial and commercial institutions of Newark, where he lived. Companionable, courteous and di^nitieii, charitable, unostentatious and svmpathetic, a Presbyterian in relijjious associations, his memory is cherished in the hearts of all who knew him. and his name illumi- nates the historv of the State he loved and honored. Jacoi! Wkakt, Jersey City, third son of Spencer Stout and Sarah ((iar- rison) Weart, was born at Hopewell, Mercer county, N. J., June S, lS-,".i, read law with John Mannen, of Clinton, X. J., and with the late Hon. Mercer Beasley, and was admitted in this State as an attorney in June, 1S5*2, and as a counselor in June, 1855. He was the successful coun.sel in Watkins vs. Kirkpatrick, 2 Dutcher, 84, and in Durant vs. Hanta, :5 Dutcher, 024, which fixed the law of commercial paper in New Jersey. His opinion on the legality of the Hudson River police act of 18(;<; pro- duced the case of Pangburn vs. Voun},^ :J Vroom, 29, which established a police commission in Jersey City. He was retained by the county of Hudson tolitics, was an alderman of Jersey City in 18S1 and 188*2, and in 18!I0 was elected to the New Jersey Legi.slature. In April, 1801, he was appointed by Governor Abbett judge of the First District Court of Jersey City. He is a prominent Odd Fellow, being president of the Home for Aged and Indigent Odd Fellows of New Jersey. January 2:3, 188:5, he married Julia A., daugh- ter of John C. Wenner. of Jersey City. J. IUrci-ri Polls. Jersey City, was born in Trenton, N. J., Jidy :{, 1S51, was graduated from Princeton University in 1S72, read law with Hon. Edward T. Green, of Trenton, and was admitted to practice as an attorney February 5, 1874. The same year he came to Jersey City and associated himself with Joseph C. Pott.s. In 1875 he was appointed assistant clerk of the New Jersey Assembly, and in 1880 and 1881 was a member of that body from the Sixth Assembly district of Hudson county, being in the former year chairman of the committee on the re- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 183 vision of the laws and in the latter chairman of the judiciary committee. He was re-elected to the assembly in 1889, 1800, and 1891, beino- the only Republican member from Hudson county in the session of 1892, when he was leader of the minority. In 1892 he was the Republican nominee for State senator from Hudson county and reduced the Dem- ocratic majority from 8,000 to o,000. In 1894 he was appointed police justice of Jersey City. He is a member and formerly vice-president of the Carteret Club of Jersey City, and a member of several other social and political organizations. In 1876 he married Louise, daughter of Charles Bechtel, for many years the publisher qf the State Gazette at Trenton. Thomas F. Noonan, Jr., born in Hudson City (now a part of Jersey City), N. J., December 9, 1859, was educated in the public and parochial schools, read law with the late M. T. Newbold, and with Job H. Lippincott, of Jersey City, and was admitted to practice in this State as an attorney in February, 1885, and as a counselor in February, 1892. He was reading- clerk of the New Jersey Assemby in 1883 and 1884, for several years thereafter was reading secretary of State Demo- cratic conventions, and in 1886 and 1887 was a member of the Legis- lature from the Eighth Assembly district of Hudson count3\ He took an active part in securing the passage of the Martin act. In 1889 and 1890 he was clerk of the House of the Assembly, and in the latter year was appointed judge of the District Court of Bayonne, N. J. He has achieved a State reputation as a Democratic political speaker. June 25, 1891, he married Hannah Paterson Kelly, of Bordentown, N. J, Warren Dixon, Jersey City, son of Justice Jonathan Dixon, was born July 2, 1865', at New Brunswick, N. J., was graduated from Rut- gers College, and read law in the office of Collins & Corbin, of Jersey City. He was admitted as an attorney in June, 1889, and as a coun- selor in June, 1892. He has always practiced his profession in Jersey City, and for a time was the law partner of Judge John A. McGrath, John J. Lowden, Elizabeth, born in Jamaica, L. I., November 13, 1862, is a son of Joseph and Rhoda Lowden, and received a public school education. He studied law with J. R. & N. English of Eliza- beth, N. J., and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey February, 1884. Hunt, Isaac L., Rahway, born in Woodbridge township, Middle- sex count}', N. J., February 3, 1862, is a son of Isaac L. and Caroline (Allen) Hunt, and a lineal descendant of one of three brothers of the isj THK .irniCIAl, AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JKRSEr. name wh" ^Liiicii ai Hums I'oiiit, W'csu iiusitT (.nuniy, N. V., in 1»>4(>. Receiviii}^ a public scliool education, Mr. Hunt read law in the office ex-Senator Benjamin A \'ail and Clarence D. Ward, of Rahway, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar in November, 1884. He has served as a member of the Rahway ComnKjn Council for three years and also as a member of the water board of that city. As counsel, he has been connected with the Eliza H. Cory will case and other cases of equal importance. Mr. Hunt's paternal j^reat-ji^randfather, Marmaduke Hunt, settled in Woodbridj^e township. Middlesex county, N. J., about 1740, where he owned a large tract of land. He had a son and a dauj^hter. The son, James, had eleven children, five of whcmi were sons, Isaac L., sr.. beins^- the youngest. Only the subject of this sketch and his four brothers bear the family name in New Jersey. Zkrman K. Norman, Elizabeth, born in Milton, Morris county, X. J., December 0, 1840, is the S(jn of James and Amelia (Chamber lain) Xorman, and received his education at the Chester (N. J.) Insti- tute. He read law with J. R. & N. English of Elizabeth, and was ad- mitted to the bar of this State in November, 1874. Mr. Norman has been official searcher of records in the county clerk's office of Union county, N. J., since March 1881, having had charge of all court busi- ness in connection with the office for the past ten years. He was married March 15, 1890, to Mi.ss Celine L., daughter of Will- iam M. Garrison, of Elizabeth, N. J. J AMIS Palmkr, Jersey City, was born in the city of New V«)rk on the 11th of February, 1854, and removed to Jersey City, N. J., with his parents in 1859. He attended the public schools, and at the age of sixteen entered the law office of the late Thomas W. James, of Jersey City, where he remained until his admission to the bar of this State as an attorney in February, 1874. He was admitted as a counselor in February, 1877, and is a master in chancery. He has been in active practice in Jersey City since 1874, practicing in all the courts of the State, and is a lawyer of ability. In the management of several large estates he has been especially successful He has never taken an active part in politics, preferring to devote his time entirely to his jirofession. He is a member of the Jersey City Club. Mr. Palmer was married in 1889 to Miss IClizabeth, daughter of John Wilson, of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. AxTEi.i., Chari.ks p., Morristown, born in Morristown N. J., May 5J6, BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 185 1845, is the son of Jacob T. and Rachel (Enslee) Axtell, and was edu- cated in the common schools. He is a great-grandson of Major Henry Axtell and in the eighth generation from Thomas Axtell, who was bap- tized at Berkhamstead, England, January 27, 1619, came to America in the good ship Globe in 1635, and settled in Massachusetts. Mr. Axtell read law in his native city with Pitney & Youngblood, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney at the June term, 1877, and as a counselor in November, 1891. He has served as town clerk and treas- urer of Morristown, and was a member of the State Legislature in 1879 and 1880. On September 26, 1883, Mr. Axtell was married at Stratford, Conn,, to Miss Ella M.- Patterson. Patrick H. Gilhooly, Elizabeth, born in Portabello, Scotland, of Irish parentage, is a son of James and Catherine Gilhooly, and received his education in the common schools of Somerset county, N. J., having come to this country with his parents at an early age. He read law in Somerville, N. J., with Gaston & Bergen and Alvah A. Clark, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney at the June term, 1873, and as a coimselor in February. 1877. He was county attorney of Un- ion county from 1880 to 1882, member of Elizabeth Common Council from 1880 to 1890 and was president of that body in 1889 and 1890, and district court judge from 1882 to 1887 and 1891 to 1896. Frank Bermkn, Elizabeth, born in Hillsboro township, Somerset county. N. J., is the son of Peter S. and Rebecca M. Bergen, and was educated at Somerville, where he read law with Isaiah N. Dilts. He was admitted as an attorney in November, 1873, and as a counselor in November, 1876. He served as city attorney of Elizabeth from Janu- ary 1, 1881, to March 1, 1890, and has conducted much important litiga- tion arising from local indebtedness. May 24, 1887, he married Lydia M., daughter of Robert and Louisa M. Gardiner, of Mystic, Conn. De Witt Van Buskirk, Bayonne and Jersey City, born in what is now the city of Bayonne, then the township of Bergen, N. J., April 22, 1858, is a son of Nicholas C. and Elizabeth (Vreeland) Van Bus- kirk, and a grandson of the late James C. Van Buskirk, whose farm is now a part of Bayonne city. He was graduated from the Jersey City High School in 1877 and from Columbia Law School in 1880. He read law in Newark with Cortlandt and Wayne Parker, with whom he continued until 1885, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in X 186 THE JUDiriAl. AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NKW JERSEY. February. IHSI, aiu. .i-> .v oi.unsel»ank. George G. Rinvon, Morrislown, se7777arr P/rz^/a-^rciv _ - BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 187 county, Pa., from January 1, 1885, to January 1, 1888. On June 6, 1895, he was admitted at Trenton to the bar of New Jersey, and since then has practiced in Hackensack. Janes Edward Degnan, Red Bank, is the son of John and Mary Deg- nan, and was born in Princeton, N. J., February, 13, 1863. He was graduated from the Princeton Model School in 1877, and also prose- cuted his studies under the "private tutelage of one of the professors of Princeton College. He read law in the offices of Alexander & Green, of New York city, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney February 18, 1892, and to the New York bar as an attorney and counselor in December of the same year. He has practiced in Red Bank, N. J., since September, 1893, becoming a member of the present firm of Applegate & Degnan in January, 1894. He was made a coun- selor in this State in February, 1895. On November, 29, 1889, Mr. Degnan was married to Miss K. Doro- thy Renter, daughter of Anton and Annette Renter, of Newark, N. J. John W. Harding, Paterson, born in Tunkhannock, Pa., May 28, 1863, is the son of William B. and Cynthia A. (Ward) Harding, and after attending Wyoming vSeminary entered Princeton College in the class of 1886. He read law in Paterson, N. J., with Z. M. Ward, and was ad- mitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in June, 1889, and as a counselor in February, 1893. Charles Tiebout Cowenhoven, New Brunswick, born in New Bruns- wick, N. J., is a son of Nicholas and Anna Cowenhoven, and was graduated from Rutgers College in 1882. He studied law with Abraham V. Schenck of New Brunswick, and was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of New Jersey as an attorney in November, 1865, and as a counselor in February, 1869. He served as president judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Middlesex county from 1869 to 1874 and from 1885 to 1890, and was prosecutor of the Middlesex Pleas from 1877 to 1882. Isaac Romaine, of Jersey Cit}-, is a lineal descendant of (1) Klaas Jansen Romeyn, who came from Holland to America in 1653 and event- ually settled in Hackensack, N. J., where his son (2) Albert was born in 1686, and where the latter's son (3) Nicholaas was born in Deceyiber, 1711. The next in descent, (4) Albert Romein, son of Nicholaas, was born in Schraalenburgh, N. J., February 11, 1752, and had a son (5) Roelef A., whose-birth occurred July 24, 1774. John R. Romine, (6) 188 TIIK .lIDI'iNf \\!' f'lNII, 1IIt Koclef" A. Rt'iucin. wa.s boin m Kcr^cn cmnily, N. J., May IH, 180»;, and married Ann, daughter of John Zaliriskie, of old Hergeii (now Hudson) county. They were the parents of Isaac Romainc, the sub- ject of this sketch, wh<) was born in Bergen township. Hudson county, X. J., on the -Ith of May, 1840. These worthy ancestors not only took a lively interest in public and business affairs, but transmitted to their numerous descendants in general and Mr. Romaine in particular their sturdy Dutch characteristics and habits of thrift, and left behind them careers which illumine the pages of history and grace the annals of their respective communities. Mr. Romaine was educated in the public schools and at a classical institution in his native town, and was graduated from Rutgers College with the degree of A. B, in 1850. He read law in the office of Hon. A. O. Zabriskie, of Jersey City, afterward chancellor of the State, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in November, 1862, and as a counselor in November, 1865, and since the spring of 1863 has been in active and successful practice in Jersey City. For many years he has been prominent in the councils of the Republican party. He was corporation counsel for the city of Bergen in 1865, 1866, and 1867, and was also an alderman of the .same city from May, 1869, to May, 187(t, and 1870, when Bergen was consolidated with Jensey City, serv- ing as president of the board during said term. He was a member of the Jersey City Board of Education from'1880 to 1882 and 1883 to 1885, and became a member of the Board of Finance and Taxation of the same municipality in 1883, but owing to legal complications did not take his seat until 1885. In 1.H84 he was elected a member of the New Jersey 'ieneral As.sembly and served one term with credit and distinction. As a lawyer Mr. Romaine is one of the leaders of the Hud.son county bar, and for very many years has enjoyed a wide and successful gen- eral practice. He is a master and examiner and sjiecial master in Chancery of New Jersey, a Supreme Court commissioner of the State of New Jersey, and a commissioner of the Circuit Court of the United States for the district of New Jersey, and was one of the principal orgaji- izers and the first vice-president, in 1885, of the Star Mutual Building and Loan Associati(jn (jf Jersey City, of which he has been president since 1886. He is also a member of the Jersey City, Carteret, and Union League Clubs of Jersey City, the Holland Society of New York, and a number of other social, civil and political organi/.ations. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 189 December V,), 1863, he was married to Miss Annie A., dauo-hter of John W. Morton, of Jersey Cit}^ vShe died February 1, 1895. Joseph Coult, one of the ablest and foremost members of the New- ark bar, is descended from an earh^ Connecticut family who came to New Jersey about the middle of the eighteenth century and first settled in Sussex country. He was the youngest of ten children, and was born in Frankfort, N. J., May 25, 1834-. In the common and classical schools of his day he received a thorough preparation for college, but after considerable delay acollegiate course was abandoned, much against his cherished hopes and ambitions. All inducements held out for him to enter mercantile life were of no avail ; he was determined to take up the stud}^ of law and adopt that as his profession. In 1858 he became a student in the law office of Thomas N. McCarter, then of Newton, vSussex county. A little later he entered and was regularly graduated from the Albany (N. Y.) Law School, and upon his admission to the bar of that State in 1858 he began active practice in New York city. In 1861 he was admitted to practice at the New Jersey bar and the same year he opened an office in Newton, where he practiced success- fully for thirteen years. In 1874 Mr. Coult removed to Newark, N. J., where he has since resided and followed his profession, and where for a time he was a partner of his distinguished preceptor, Hon. Thomas N. McCarter. Later he formed a copartnership with James E. How%l], who had been a student in his office in Newton, and thus organized the law firm of Coult & Howell, one of the oldest, best known and most successful in the State. Mr. Coult was prosecutor of the vSussex County Pleas for a time, and, from 1884 to 1892 he served as city counsel of the city of Newark. While acting in the latter capacit}^ it was largely due to his efforts that the new and present water supply for that city was accomplished ; and it was also mainly due to his indomitable efforts and personal direction that the law known as the "Martin Act" was passed. He prepared the original draft for this act, and worked incessantl)' to secure its pas- sage by the Legislature; and, by its operation, many cities di the State were relieved from burdensome indebtedness. Mr. Coult has always been a Republican, and has represented his part}' in several important political conventions, both State and National. He was a delegate to the Baltimore Convention, at which Lincoln was for a .second time nominated for president ; to the Philadelphia Convention, which nomi- 190 lllh .11 DKMAL AND < IVII. !IIST(»ItY < tK NKW .IKRSKY. nated (icneral (irant for that liij^h oflice; and to the- Cincinnati Conven- tion, which };ave the presidential nomination to Rutherford B. Ilaycs. Mr. Coiilt is properly placed among the most sagacious and reliable lawyers in New Jersey. A man of rare legal attainments, courteous, dignified and honest, his great force of character and unerring grasp of fundamental principles, make him a powerful advocate. He has few equals as a counselor, and of late years he has been often called upon to act as counsel by prominent lawyers who recognize his special i)ow- ers. As a citizen he is highly esteemed and universally respected, and takes a lively interest in all public affairs. Mr. Coult was married in May, 1851), to Miss Frances A., daughter of Joseph A. Osborne,of Frankfcjrt township, Sussex county, X. J. They have four children: Margaret, ICliza, Lillian and Joseph, jr. Hon. Ai!k am Otkk Ci.\KKKTsoN, of Jersey City, descends from two of the earliest families in vSomerset county, N. J., both being of Hol- land Dutch stock. His parents were Martin Schenck and Ann Beek- man (Uuick) Garretson, and liis maternal great-grandfather, Abraham (;uick, was a colonel of New Jersey militia in the Revolutionary war. His ancestors took an active part in public and commercial atTairs, held posts of honor and trust, and were always among the foremost citizens of their time. ^!r. Garretson was born in Franklin lownshi]), Somerset county, X. J., March 11, 1S4'2, and prepared for college at the academy and at Sam Farrand's celebrated school at Trenton. In isr»!t he entered the sophomore class of Rutgers College, from wliich he received the de- gree of A. M. in course in ISC.o. His graduation from that historic institutit»n was marked by his standing first in his class, a position which ranked him as a student of unusual capacity and thoroughne.s.s. At a comparatively early age he decided upon the law as a profession, and in Xovember, iscy, almo.st immediately after he had graduated at Rutgers, he registered as a student in the otlice of Hon. Abraham O. Zabriskie. of Jersey City, afterwards chancellor of New Jersey. He suKsefjuently attended Harvard Law School, and in Xovember, 18G5, was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney and in Xovem- ber, 18 ii»r aboiii im i\ \ l.h >> a Jll^- lice of the peace, bej^inninjj^ in Morris county, and for some time was a jucljje(»f the Essex Common Pleas. Mr. Haines was educated in the New- ark, i)ublic and hijjh schools, read law in his native city with the late John R. Weeks, and was admitted to tlie New Jersey bar as an attorney in February, lfS73, and as a counselor in 1870, and is a master in chancery. He has always practiced his jjrofession in Newark, where he resides. In ISCiThe married Miss Julia M., daujifhterof Edwin Ross, of Newark. HiNkN M. T. Hkekm.an, Jersey City, isa descendant of the well known Beekman family of the city of New York, his first American ancestor beiuii William Beekman, who in 1G4T came from Holland to this coun- try with Gov. Peter Stuyvesant. He was bt)rn, a son of John and Fanny (Stiger) Beekman, at Xoiih Branch, Somerset county, N. J., April 11, 1S57, and received his preparatory education under Dr. Cor- nell, of Somerville. He was graduated with honor from Rutgers College, receiving the degree of A.R. in 1877 and that of A.M. in 1880, and is also a member of the Phi Beta Kappa society; and after his graduation became a student in the law office (jf Charles H. Winfield, of Jersey City. He was admitted to the bar of this State as an at- torney in June, 1880, and as a counselor in February, 1880, and since the first mentioned date has been a partner of Henry Traphagen under the firm name of Traphagen & Beekman. Mr. Beekman has successfully followed a general law practice in Jersey City, where he has also been counsel for the Fifth Ward Savings Bank since about 1882. He is also a member of the New York l)ar. In 1803 he was the Demo- cratic candidate for State senator from vScnnerset c(ninty. Mr. Beekman is also one of the vice-presidents of the Holland Society of New York. RoHKKT O. B.\i:nri I, of Jersey City, is descended from one of the old- est and most prominent families of Mendham, Morris county, N. J., where he was born, a son of Robert Millen and Henrietta Marie (Jolly) Babbitt, on the 5th of Ncjvember, 1848. His ancestors were Seth Bab- bitt and Eunice Condit, whose son, Stephen Babbitt, married Mary Beach, and died in 180:5, his wife dying February 23, 1842. Elias Bab- bitt, eldest of the seven children of Stephen, was born January 11, 1788, married Nancy Millen, and had three children, of whom Robert Millen Babbitt was born June 21, 1820. Nancy Millen, who married Elias Babbitt on February 10, 1818, was born February o, 170!>, and was a daughter of Robert Millen, (born March 14, 1766, died March 3, I /7//^// X.^^^^^W, BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 193 1837), and vSarah Wyckotf, his wife (born November "M, 1771). Robert Millen Babbitt's wife, Henrietta Marie Jolly, was descended from the vSalter and Molyneaux families, who at the time New York was evacu- ated were respectively tories and colonists. The Molyneaux family had one little girl, who on account of her mother refusing to leave her Tory friends was taken by her father to a Quaker family named Large, living in South New Jersey, where she resided until her marriage with Richard Jolly, whose son, Elisha Jolly, married Frances, daughter of Joseph Tucker, a Revolutionary soldier. Joseph Tucker's wife Debo- rah was a daughter of Capt. Joseph Lines, of near vScotch Plains, who served as an officer in the war of the Revolution, and whose father be- longed to the English army at the time, but remained neutral here. A daughter of Joseph Tucker married Elisha Jolly, whose eldest daugh- ter, Henrietta Marie, became the wife of Robert Millen Babbitt and the mother of the subject of this sketch. Robert M. Babbitt was a manu- facturer of heavy wagons, and his homestead at Mendham has been in the family for about 150 years, the present house being built in 1780. Robert O. Babbitt's opportunities for securing an education were lim- ited, yet he obtained an excellent knowledge of the English branches in his native town, principally at the school of William Rankin, a cele- brated teacher under whose skillful guidance many noted men acquired their earlier training. He prepared for Princeton, but was obliged to abandon a college course and place himself in a self supporting position as soon as possible. He therefore entered the law office of Frederick G. Burnham, then of Morristown, N. J., and now of Newark, and on May 1, 1871, came to Jersey City, where he finished his law studies un- der Joseph C. Potts and John Linn. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in February, 1873, and as a counselor in November, 1878, and is a master and examiner in chancery. Imme- diately after his admission in 1873 he became a member of the law firm of Potts, Linn & Babbitt, which in 1874 was changed to Linn & Bab- bitt, which continued successfully until February, 1883, when the firm of Babbitt & Lawrence, consisting of Mr. Babbitt and Robert L. Law- rence, was organized, to which David W. McCrea was admitted in 1890. This is one of the strongest law firms, not only in Jersey City, but in the State, and has long enjoyed an extensive practice. It is counsel for New Jersey for the Equitable Life Assurance vSociety of the United States, of New York, and for many other large corporations. Mr. Babbitt has always had a heavy law business, and for several Y \'J\ Tin. .iritlCIM, \NI> CINII. IIISTOltY OK NKW JKRSKY. vt'.irs iia^ III. UK' (.1 >i j)' •! .lin 111 i.iw .i >.|icL'ially. lie lias l)ccn hm >«j\i.ii- tccn years the counsel for the Second National Hank of Jersey City, for which he first went to the Republic of Mexico, where he has also had extensive corporation work for the past thirteen years or more. He was counsel f(»r the plaintitTs in the case of the Farmers' L<»an and Trust Comjiany of New York City vs. the liank of London and Mexico of the CMty of Mexico, which was closed in favor of his clients in May, IS'.m;, after a le^al i'\iihi covering; a period of seven years, and which .secured for them property in the heart of the Mexican capital worth at least $T,()0O,(K)(». These professional connections caused him to master the S|)anish lanj^uage, which he both speaks and writes lUiently, and he has translated all the Mexican codes into lCnj;lish. He is coun.sel for a larj^^e number of corp<»r.iiioiis and individuals doing business in the Republic of Mexico. As a lawyer Mr. Babbitt has won a hij^h place at the l)arof New Jer- sey. He is a stnjng advocate, well versed in the .science of the law, and is necessarily conversant with Mexican as well as with American jurisprudence. He is officially and professionally connected with a large number of corporations (operating in this and adjacent States. As a citi/.cn he is public sjjirited, enterprising, and highly esteemed, taking a lively interest in all matters affecting the general welfare. He is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, the Lawyers Club (jf New York, and the Carteret, the Palma, and the Union League Clubs of Jersey City. In jiolitics he is independent with Republican tendencies. He has read a number of papers before the Cosmos Club of Jersey City, ( New Jersey as an attorney at the November term, 1887, and as a counselor at the same term in 1890. In April, isin;, he was elected to the office of city collector of the city of New Brunswick for two years He is al.so secretary of the Ncw Brunswick Mutual Fire Insurance Company. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 195 Edward Wai.dron Hicks, New Brunswick, born November 19, 1808, in New Brunswick, N. J., is a son of Joseph D. and Christiana J. Hicks, was educated in the public schools of his native city, and read law there with John S. Voorhees. He was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court as an attorney in February, 1890, and as a c(nm- selor in November, 1893. In November, 1894, he was elected mem- ber of Assembly and in the following year was re-elected to the same office. Louis A. Grafk, Elizabeth, born in Elizabeth, N. J., January 2(J, 1863, is the son of John and Appollonia Graff, was educated in the public schools of his native city, where he read law with Gerber & Norman. He was admitted to the bar of this State on February 24, 1884, as an attorney, and became a counselor in November, 1896. He has always practiced his profession in Elizabeth. Francis B. Graff, Elizabeth, son of John and Appollonia Graff, was born in Elizabeth, N. J., November 36, 1869, and was licensed to prac- tice in June, 1893. William Hyres, Freehold, son of John B. and Amanda (Oakerson) Hyres, was born in Bennett's Mills, N. J., September 15, 1866, and descends from a family that settled in Ocean county, N. J., about 1750. He received a public school education, read law in the office of E. W. Arrowsmith, of Freehold, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in February, 1891, and as a counselor in June, 1894. He married Miss Ada, daughter of William and Lydia Clayton, and resides in Freehold, N. J. George Kyte, born in South America on the 22d.of May, 1846, came to this country with his. parents when two years of age, and when sev- enteen enlisted in the United States army and served during the war of the Rebellion. He was a member of the township committee of Fanwood, Union county, thirteen years, and, a member of the Union County Board of Chosen Freeholders from 1887 to 1893, when he resign- ed to accept the office of sheriff. He was a justice of the peace for a time, and served as member of assembly from the Third District of Union county in 1891, 1892, and 1893. As assemblyman he was placed on such important committees as those on Bill Revision, Boroughs, Com- merce and Navigation, etc. In 1893 Mr. Kyte was elected sheriff of Union county, reversing the usual Democratic majority of 1,600 to a IIMJ TilK " !'!''IAL ANP <'IVII, IIIoard of Aldermen, being elected in 189*2 and again in 1S94. Charlf.s H. RiNvoN, New Brunswick, born December 9, 18.')1, in New Brunswick, N. J., is a son of Mahlon and Susan Runyon and a descendant of Vincent Rognion, a Huguenot refugee who came to this country about 1(!(»3. He received a public school education, read law in the office of Hon. George C. Ludlow, of New Brunswick, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in February, 1870, and BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 197 as a counselor in February, 1870. He married Mary, daughter of Will- iam and Lydia (Stitt) Booke, of Patefsoh, N. J. Warren Rrdcliffe Schenck, New Brunswick, born in Middlesex county, N. J., June 7, 1870, is a son of Abraham V. and Emily Wines (Barker) Schenck, and was g-raduated from Rutgers College in 1890 with the remarkable record of winning seven prizes and two honors in his senior year. He read law at New Brunswick with his father and was admitted to the New Jersey bar in June, 1893. In March, 1804, he was appointed counsel of Raritan township, Middlesex county, for a term of three years. He resides at Redcliffe, the family homestead, near New Brunswick, N. J. Theodore Strong, New Brunswick, born in New Brunswick, N. J., January 15, 1863, is a son of Hon. Woodbridge and Harriet A. H. Strong, and was graduated from Rutgers College in June, 1883. He read law with Woodbridge Strong & Sons, of New Brunswick, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1886, and as a counselor in June, 1889. He is solicitor for the county of Middlesex, and master in chancery. He was a member of the State Committee in 1896, and has achieved a splendid reputation as a prominent and active local leader of his party. William B. Southard, Newark, was admitted to the New Jersey bar at the November term of the Supreme Court, 1892, and since then has practiced his profession in Newark. He is a master in chancery. Robert D. vSalmon, Newark, was admitted to practice in this vStatc as an attorney in November, 1854, and as a counselor in February, 1869. Edward S. Wilde, Newark and Bloomfield, was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in June, 1864. Edwin Manners, Jersey City, is descended from John Manners, of Yorkshire, England, who settled in New Jersey about 1700, and who married Rebecca vStout, a granddaughter of the Penelope Van Princess Stout of tragic history. His great-grandfather, John Schenck, was a captain in the Revolutionary army and by a well -planned ambuscade prevented the British from overrunning Hunterdon county, N. J. His grandfather, David Manners, was an officer in the War of 1812, On his mother's side Mr. Manners is descended from Edward and Anne (^^^'i§'g's) Johnes, natives of Binder, wSomerset, England, wlio landed at !Qs TiiF ir'nn MI \\n civii. iiist(»rv of nkw .ikrsky. Saiciu bill >>uua >clllL(.l .iL Liiaiiesiown, Mass., in lti;juill, the Mount Pleasant Reveille, and the Nassau Literarv Magazine, and in them also won prizes for composition and speaking. He has for several years contributed both prose and verse to leading newspapers and maga/.ines. Me read law with Collins »!i: Corbin, of Jersey City, received the degree of LL.H. from Columbia Law School, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey at Trenton as an att, came to America in 1700, and married Sarah one of the thirteen daughters of lienjamin and Anna (Duer) Hull, and located on a farm near Frank- ford township, near Moden, where he died in 18"2'.*. Benjamin Hull, of English extraction, settled in the Delaware valley above I'^latbrook- ville as early as 1750. Thomas Kays, father of the subject of this sketch, was l)orn June 5, 1785, and owned and operated a grist mill at Lower La Fayette from Ajiril I, 181!». until his death May 9. 18;K). Mary Bale, the mother of Thomas Kays, was born September 10, 171»1, being one of eleven children of Peter Bale of Baleville, Sussex county, who was the eldest son of Henry Bale, a German, who came to this country and settled at La Fayette. N. J., as early as 17."»o. and there built one of the first flouring mills in Sussex county. Mr. Kayss maternal grand- WALTER F. HAYHURST BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 199 mother, Elizabeth was one of nine children of Leonard vStruble, also of (lennan descent, who was a pioneer settler of that part of Hampton township west of Baleville. Thomas and Mary (Bale) Kays had ten children; Sarah, Martha, and John, all of whom died young; I^>lizabcth (Mrs. Benjamin Dormada) ; Mary vS. (Mrs. George W. Collver); Henry B., who married Sarah Morris; Dorcas (Mrs. George W. Collver); Phebc (Mrs. Samuel Shotwell) ; Martha, who married Judge James B. Huston ; and Thomas, of Newton, N. J. Thomas Kays, son of Thomas and Mary (Bale) Kays, was born in La Fayette township, Sussex county, N. J., October 15, 1829, and re- ceived only a common school education. At the age of sixteen he be- gan learning the trade of patternmaker, machinist, and millwright with his brother, Henry B. Kays, at which he served until he attained his majority, becoming thoroughly versed in every detail of the business. All of his leisure time during those five years, and many )'ears follow- ing, -was spent in study. He became conversant with the higher branches of education and especially with mathematics and engineering, •and also read law to some extent. In February, 1852, in partnership with Dr. Franklin Smith, he engaged in the general foundry, machine, and millwright business at La Fayette, and later in the milling busi- ness, and so continued with uninterrupted success until 1859, when he sold out his interest to his partner. Although his earlier life was spent in business pursuits he seems to have had, from youth, a strong incli- nation for a legal career, and after a short but successful career in busi- ness and manufacturing he resolved to adopt law as a profession. In 1858 he began his regular legal studies with Hon. Andrew J. Rogers, of Newton, and continued them under the preceptorship of Mr. Rogers, and his cousin, Hon. Martin Ryerson, until he was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of this State as an attorney at the February term, 1863. He was admitted as counselor before the same court and at the same term in 1872, and shortly afterward as a covmselor in the United States Circuit and District Courts at Trenton, and in 1881 he was ad- mitted to the U. S. Supreme Court at Washington, D. C. Mr. Kays began the active practice of his profession immediately upon his admission to the bar in 1863, when he formed a co-partnership with his first preceptor, Andrew J. Rogers, under the firm name of Rogers & Kays. The firm rapidly built up a large and successful law business in Newton, which continued in existence until April 1, 1867, since which time Mr. Kays has practiced alone, except from March 1, 2nn TIIK .II'DP'I \I, AN'n CIVII, IIISTmHY (iF NKW .IKltSKY. I,s,s4. 1(1 Aj)!i. I. i^'.'l, u McMi IK' was tiK- sfiiiDr nicini>cr ol liic law tinii of Kays, IIust«)n «.V Kays, the imlividual iiK'ml)crs heinjj Thomas Kays, Ilcnry lluslon, and Thomas M. Kays. As a hiwyer Mr. Kays has won a hijjli jjUicc at ihc New Jersey l)ar, of wliieh he is one of llic oklest and best known aetive members. Ku- dowed with lej^al attainments of great merit, profcnindly NXTsed iji the fundamental prineiples of the law. and possessing sound judgment, un- erring pereeptions, and great reserve power, he is a str(*ng advoeate and a safe counselor. His industry, perseverance, and natural qualifi- cations have made him eminent in his profession. Tie has been engaged (»n one side or the other of all the important litigation in the courts of Sussex county for more than a (luartcr of a century, and has also been engaged in many important cases in other parts of the State of New Jersey and in other States. Among the many noteworthy cases with which he has been cfMinect- ed was that of Peter A. X'ansickle against the New Jersey Midland Railroad Company, in 1874, in which he secured a decision in our Court of Errors and Ap])eals, establishing the doctrine that a license founded upon a consideration is irrevocable, and by which he fully established the company's dreferriny; to devote his time almost exclusively to his i)rofessi(jn, in which he has been so eminently successful. In 1S80 he rebelled against the "spoils system," and purchased, and for six months con- ducted, the New jersey Herald, of Newton, to defeat J. N. I'idcock for Conj^ress, and foUowinj^ this he orjjanized and manaj^ed the fi.i^ht that defeated the late Leon Abbett for United States senator in the winter of 1S8T. After this he eschewed politics entirely until the i)residential campaijt^n of ISIM), when he did considerable editorial work in favor of free coinajje of silver, havin.^ always been an unswervinj^^ binietallist. A portion of his editorial writini^s on this subject have been published in pamphlet form. Mr. Kays was married on the ^Uth of September, 1S57, to Miss Amanda E. Slater, daughter of Ha/Jet and Rachel (Backer) Slater, of La Fayette, X. J. Wii I lAM Ai i.KN Liwis, distinguished as one of the leading members yf the Hudson County Bar, was born in the townshi]) of Shrewsbury, Monmouth county, N. J., May Kj, 183(J, and comes of New Jersey an- cestry. His father was Joseph H. Lewis; his mother's maiden name was Mary Allen. His parents (now deceased) were prominent residents of Monmouth ccnmty, widely known and highly respected for their sterling qualities and exemplary lives. Their j^arents were also natives of New Jersey, honorably identified with its hist(»ry and develojjment, Mr. Lewis received an academic education at the Freehold Institute, N. J., and then pursued a college course of study in Madiscm Univer- sity, at Hamilton, N.^Y., and was graduated at that university in \H^t'.\ with the degree of A. H. In IHfJ-^ Madison University conferred upon him the degree of A.M. Selecting the legal profession, he commenced the study of law in Jersey City, in the office of Judge James S. Nevius, and subsetjuently attended the courseof lectures and study at the Al- bany (N. Y.) Law School, where he received the degree of LL. B. in ISOL Upon examination he was admitted as an attorney and coun- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 203 selor at law in the State of New York. Returning then to Jersey City, he resumed his legal studies in the ofhce of Hon. Isaac W. Scudder, and completing the three years' clerkship and study required by the rules of the Supreme Court of New Jersey was admitted as an attorney at law in New Jersey, in November, 1862. He then commenced the practice of law in Jersey City, where he soon secured and has ever since maintained a large and successful law business. In 1863 he formed a partnership with Hon. Nathaniel C. Slaight, as Slaight & Lewis, which continued up to the time of Mr. Slaight's death, in Feb- ruary, 1868, since which time Mr. Lewis has continued the practice of the law by himself. In 1867 he applied for and received his counsel- or's license. He is widely recognized as an able lawyer, a strong advocate, and a man of strict integrity, enjoying the confidence and esteem of all who know him. He is well versed in the science of the law, and is also thoroughly conversant with general literature and current events. De- voted to his profession, ever studious, diligent, and faithful, he has attained distinction and honor, fully meriting the high regard in which he is held. In 1868 Mr. Lewis was appointed attorney and counsel for the City of Bergen, N. J., and held that office one year, discharging its duties with marked ability. In April, 1872, he was elected a member of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Hudson county, and served two terms, being re-elected in 1873. He took an active part in the work of that body, and rendered valuable and substantial service to the county. In 1871 he received the appointment of city attorney of Jersey City, suc- ceeding Hon. Jonathan Dixon, and later was appointed corporation counsel of Jersey City under the law of 1873, which created the sepa- rate office of attorney and counsel for that city. During his term of office, vast labor devolved upon the city's law department. Assess- ments exceeding four millions of dollars were revised and adjusted by a commission appointed by the State, and in the work of sustaining the great bulk of them Mr. Lewis performed very important and valuable service. During his term, a question arose respecting the title to otifice of police commissioners convicted of malfeasance and sentenced to pay a fine and costs. The controversy created great public interest. The attorney-general of the State, Hon. Robert Gilchrist, had given to Governor Parker an opinion adverse to the commissioners' title, and the Governor, in conformity therewith, attempted to remove the com- 204 TlIK JI'DHMAI. ANI> (IVII. HISToKV OK NKW JKRSKY. ihissh'Iuts iroin olticc, ami aiipoinlcd oliit'is. 'i'iic (|in.'stiiiii wiu-tner these cointnissioners hatl forfeited their office was referred to Mr. Lewis, as corporation counsel, for his written ojiinion. He submitted opinion, holding that the commissioners (ai)pointe(l by the Lej^islalure) were State officers, and as such could be removed from office only.by death, resignation, imprisonment, or imi^eachment ; and that they still held title to their office. This " Opinion " increased jiublic interest, as it raised a sharji issue of law between the city's counsel and the attorney-general of the State and the governor. The (jucstion was litigated in the courts, and the opinion of the city's counsel fully sus- tained in all respects both by the vSupreme Court of New Icrscv and by the Court of Errors and Appeals. Mr. Lewis held the office of city counsel of Jersey City ti)V tour years, discharged his duties with fidelity and marked ability, and re- signed in the spring of 18T<;. In Xovember, 1875, he was elected on the Republican ticket to the (icneral Assembly of New Jersey, from the first Asseml^ly District of Jersey City, then Democratic, and served during the legislative session of 187(1, the first held under the amended constitution, which provided for a system of general laws. He devoted all his energies and learning to the important work of that session. One of his first acts was to draft and introduce the bill, wliich passed, making it a penal offence for municijial and other boards to exceed their appropriations, thereby effectually restraining public boards from creatmg deficiencies and accumulations of debt. This bill is still on the statute books, being Chapter III f)f the General Laws of 187(), and is frequently referred to as the " Lewis Act." Mr. Lewis prepared, introduced, and advocated the first bill to bridge the "gap" at Washington Street in Jersey City, and labored assiduously to secure its enactment. On the vital question to Hudson county respecting mortgage taxation, as affected by the amended con- stitution, he ably championed the plan of relief, and was styled in the newspapers as the *' Wheel hor.se " of that measure in the Assembly, His legislative services were highly commended. He was spoken of as " One of the ablest members of the House, serving with marked credit on several of the most important committees, and occupying a commanding position in the discussions on questions of public inter- est." On his retirement from the Legislature the Argus of Jersey City a Democratic newspaper, though differing from him in {politics, said: "The withdrawal of Mr. Lewis from the Assembly is regrettable. His BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 205 clear head, his honesty of purpose, and his untirino- energy have ren- dered him of inestimable value to our city. He has introduced and enforced the rigid principles of economy in the Legislature, and has, with the aid of his colleagues, established many long-needed reforms." In 1892 he was nominated by the Republicans as State senator from Hudson county, but declined the nomination. As a public vSpeaker Mr. Lewis has won distinction and merited praise. Two of his addresses are especially noteworthy ; that deliv- ered before the Alumni of Madison University in June, 1873, and the one made in Jersey City, by invitation, on the occasion of the death of President Garfield in 1881. He is a member of several organizations, including the Lincoln Association of Jersey City, and the Delta Kappa Epsilon Club of the City of New York. August 15, 1872, Mr. Lewis married Virginia H. Post, daughter of Ira H. Post and Minerva his wife, of Hamilton, New York. William A. Righter, Newark, was born in Parsippany, Morris county, N. J., vSeptember 1, 1826, was graduated from Union College in 1842, read law with Hon. Joseph C. Hornblower, was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in July, 1848, and practiced in Newark until his death, October 18, 1890. He was actuated by those principles which should ever adorn the true lawyer. Endowed with sound common sense, with legal ability of a high order, and with indomitable perse- verance and industry, he became one of the leaders of the Essex county bar. He was prominent in civic and political life, being a Democrat. In 1876 he was his party's candidate for Congress, and in 1877 he was a strong candidate for the gubernatorial nomination. He was a mem- ber of the Newark Board of Education for several years, one of the first members of the Newark Board of Health, and a director of the Security Savings Institution of Newark. Samuel Johnson, Newton, born in Newton, N. J., April 19, 1833, is a son of William H. and Anna M. (Couse) Johnson, and belongs to a family that has held prominent positions in Sussex county for more than one hundred years. He was educated in the common schools, has served as a member of the Newton town committee and as a chosen freeholder, and in 1893 was elected surrogate, being the first Republi- can surrogate ever elected in vSussex county. HiKAM C. Clark, Newton, born in Sussex county, N. J., August 16, 1830, is a son of Jeptha and Susannah (Corseline) Clark, and received a ■20r, TlIK iri>lil\l Wn civil IIISToKY nV NKW .IKRSKY. ri.iuinon sciuku (.uiu.ukmi His ancestors came friMii I'^ssex counly, ICn^laiul, tt» Sussex counly, X. J., in 1TG4. Mr. CMark was elected to the Assembly in 1868, ISOO, 187<», served as one of the Sussex county judj^es for eleven years, has been one of the managers of the asylum at Morris Plains for eleven years, and was secretary of the board of that institution for five years. He has also served as president of the New- ton Hoard of Water Commissioners and is a director in the Second National Hank of Newton. I)\\v^(>s WooDRiKF, Newton, son of Moses and Sarah (Lozier) Wood- rutV, was born near Sparta, Sussex county. N. J., jmie .">, 183G, and was ^-^raduated from the State Normal School at Trenton. Me read law with Hon. Andrew J. Roy^ers and Hon. Rf>t)ert Hamilton, at Newton, and was admitted as an attorney in June. 18(;f), and as a coun.selor in June, 1800. Exceptinj^- two years spent in Port Jervis, N. Y., he has ])racticed his profession in Newton, N. J. For ten years he served as justice of the peace. November -^2, 1870, he married Marj^^arct. dauj^di- ter of William M. Cox, of Newton. John Lawkknck Swav/k, Newton, born October 18, 1808, in Xcwton, N. J., is the .son of Jacob B. and Joanna H. Sway/x', and was educated at the Newton Collegiate Institute and Phillips Exeter Academy. His law studies were pursued under the direction of Allen R. Shay and Theodore Simonson, at Newton, and he was admitted at Trenton as an attorney at the November term, lS'.t4. John Rn !i.\ri) Si-ohk, Hoboken, is a .son of John and Eliza (Baehr) Spohr, natives of (Germany, and was born in New York city. May *-», is»;»j. He was educated in the New York public schools and Hoboken (N. ].) Academy, read law in Hoboken with Henry A. (iaede, and was admitted to the l)ar as an attorney in June, IS'.t:5, and as a counselor in June, ISOO. (iKok(;K S. Sii./KK, New P>rnnswick, son of Theodore and Christina (Zimmerman) Sil'/.er, natives of (icnnany. was born Ajiril 14, 18T0, in New Brunswick, N. J., where he was graduated from the High School in 1888. He read law in his native city with J. Kearny Rice and in New York at Columbia Law School under Profes.sor Dwight, and was admitted as an attorney in this State in November, 1802. He was elected a member of the l^.oanl of Aldermen of New Brunswick in 1802 and served two vears. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 207 Edward C. Mookk, Passaic, was born in Newton, N. J., February 19, 1864, being- the youngest child of Edward C. and Jane (Martin) Moore. He read law with his brother, Thomas M. Moore, of Passaic, was admitted to the bar as an attorney in November, 1886, became a master in chancery, and in 1892 was appointed police justice, an ofifice he held one term. He practiced in Passaic, N. J., until his death, February 20, 1897. He married the only daughter of Demarest Hop- per, who with two daughters, survives him. William W. vScott, Passaic, son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Weaver) vScott, was born in Morrisville, Pa., February 6, 1855, and in July, 1858, came with his family to Passaic, N. J., where he received a public and private school education. He read law there with Thomas M. Moore, was admitted as an attorney in November, 1877, and since then has practiced in Passaic. He was a member of the Passaic City Coun- cil for three years, was counsel for the city in 1895, and has been a member of the Passaic Board of Education since 1891:. In 1879 he married Matilda, daughter of James Trimble, of Boonton, N. J. Edward S. Savage, Rahway and New York, was admitted as an at- torney in June, 1877, and as a counselor in November, 1880, and is a special master in chancery. He resides in Rahway, N. J., and prac- tices law in New York city. Samuel P. Savage, Rahway and New York, was admitted as an at- torney in June, 1885, and became a counselor in June, 1894. He is an active member of the New York bar and resides in Rahway, N. J. GouvERNEUR Vroo.m Packkr, Trcntou, was born in Trenton, N. J., in 1871, was prepared for college at the Trenton High School, gradu- ating in 1888, and read law in his native city with Hon. Garret D. W. Vroom. He was admitted as an attorney in June, 1893, and has had considerable practice in the line of corporation law. He is a lieutenant in Co. A, 2d Regt. N. G. N. J. Thomas J. O'Brien, Newark and Morristown, was born in Camden, N, J., October 2, 18G1, was graduated from La vSalle College, Phila- delphia, and read law in Morristown with Hon. (leorge T. Werts, whom he succeeded in practice at that place. He was graduated from Columbia Law School, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1891. He has achieved considerable success as a criminal lawyer. In 1890-92 he was tax collector of Morristown and in 208 TIIK .IIDHIAI, AND CIVIL lIlSToKY <»F NKW JKUSEY. 1893 servfii .i> .i iucinbcr «>f the Lcjjislulure, heinj; chairman uf the Committee on the Revision of Laws. On January 22, lHi»5, he was appointed assistant United States district attorney Ik- married Anna M, Timmons, of Morristown Maiiolm \V. Nivkn, Hoboken, is a grandscjn of Uaniel \V. Niven. who came to America from Scotland soon after the close of the Revo- lutionary war. He was born November 20, ISr)], in Monticello, N. V., attended the academy of his native town, and in 1805 moved with his father to Kinjfston, Pa., where he learned the trade of machinist in the shops of the I)., L. cV- \V. Railroad. He attended the Riverside Insti- tute at Wilkesbarrc, Pa., for two years, and in 186!) settled with the family in Hoboken. X. j., where he read law with Hoffman & Morgan and Hon. Frederick li. Ogden. He was admitted to ])ractice as an attorney in February, 1874, and as a counselor in February, 1877, in this State, and to the bar of New York in 1887. From 1878 to 1881 he was corporation counsel of the city of Hob(;ken. With his brother he founded the firm (incorporated in 1889) of Niven 6: Co., coal dealers, and has since been its president. He is also officially and professionally connected with a number of other large corporations. He was for sev- eral years a member of the old Ninth Regt. N. G. N. J., serving on the staff of Col. B. Franklin Hart as judge advocate with rank of captain, and on that of Brigadier-General Plume as judge advocate with rank of major. He is the senior member of the law firm of Niven,' Minturn tV Hawkes, having offices in both Hoboken and New York city. II"\s AIM' M \i SuKkRv, New Brunswick, is descended from one of the oldest families of New Brunswick, N. J. He was admitted to practice in this State as an attorney in February. IsTc, and i^ a master in clian- chery. Lisi II, Lui'TON, Rahway, son of Henry P>uck and Anna (Leslie) Lup- ton and grandson of Col. David B. Luptt>n, tjf the State militia, was born April 22. 1844, in Bridgeton, N. L, where he prepared for col- lege at the West Jersey Academy. He was graduated from Prince- ton in 1804, read law with Hon. John T. Ni.xon, of Bridgeton, and was admitted as an attorney in November, ISO', and as a counselor three years later. He practiced in Bridgeton until 1872, and since then has followed his profession in Rahway, N. J., where he served as c(jrpora- tion counsel about three years. In 1873 he married Caroline James, daughter of Robert S. Buck, of Bridgeton. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 209 Harry Randolph Anderson, Rahway, was admitted as an attorney in New Jersey in November, 1894. He is also a member of the bar of New York city and Rahway, N. J. Franklin B. Levis, Mount Holly, born in Mount Holly, N. J., in 1834, is a son of vSamuel F. and Sarah B. Levis, was educated in his native town, at Westtown, Pa., and at Haverford College, and was graduated from Princeton College in June, 1853. He read law with Hon. John L. N. Stratton, of Mount Holly, and was admitted at Trenton as an attorney in June, 1856, and as a counselor in February, 1881. He was deputy collector of internal revenue in 1862, 1863, and 1864, and served as judge advocate of the First Division of New Jersey Militia during the Rebellion. He is master and examiner in chancery, special master in chancery, supreme court commissioner, and counsel for the Union Na- tional Bank of Mount Holly and of other corporations in and out of the State. Mr. Levis has been engaged in many important law cases and always resided in Mount Holly, where he has had a large general prac- tice. He is a director of the Mount Holly and Medford Railroad Com- pany, a director and treasurer of the Mount Holly Water Company, and a director of the Union National Bank, and has been junior warden and treasurer of Trinity Episcopal church, Mount Holly, for twenty- five years. His ancestors settled in Delaware county, Pa., in 1684, and his great-grandfather, vSamuel Levis, served as a member of the Provin- cial Assembly of that Commonwealth. In 1857 Mr. Levis married Rebecca B., daughter of Peter V. and Eleanor Coppuck. Newton S. Kitchel, Boonton, son of Abraham F. and Elizabeth M. (Farrand) Kitchel, was born near Rockaway, Morris county, N. J., January 16, 1845, and was educated at the Hudson River Institute, Claverack, N. Y., and Heman ]\Iead's private school in Morristown, N. J. His great-grandfather, James Kitchel, served throughout the Revolutionary war, enlisting at the age of sixteen, while Abraham Kitchel, father of James, was agent for Morris county in the sale of confiscated property. The first of the family to locate in New Jersey was Robert Kitchel, who was one of the early settlers of Newark. Newton vS. Kitchel read law with the late Samuel S. Ilalsey, of Morris- town, and was admitted to practice as an attorney in November, 1868, and as a counselor in November, 1871. He practiced in Morristown, until 1870, and again during the year 1873, and excepting that has fol- lowed his profession in Boonton. He was counsel for the Morris County AA 210 THK Jl-DICIAI, AND ("IVII, IIISTOIIV (>F NKW JKKSEY. Hoanl of CliDScn FreclioUlcrs one year ami for the corporation of the town i»f Hoonton several years, and is now counsel for the township of B<><»nton. On May 29, 187H he married Mary Eva, danjjhtcr of Milton Paine, of Webster, Mass., and later <.f l-:ast Pntnani, Conn. IkviNc. HoAGi.ANit, New Brunswick, son of J. Calvin and Mary H. (Voorhecs) Hoa.uland, was born at Franklin Park. vSomerset county, N. J.. July *24, isnit, and was j^jraduatcd from Rutgers Collej^e, receiv- ing^ the dc^'ec of A. 11. in IS'.K), and that of A. M. in IS'.CJ. He read law with John S. Voorhecs, of New Brunswick, was j^^raduated from the New York Law School in June, 181U, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an att«»rney in November. 1803, and as a counselor in February. 1807. CoRNKi.ius BikNM.AM Hakvky, Jcrsey City, son of Joel B. and Su.san Arzilla Ilarvcy, was born in Enfield, Tompkins county, N. V., October tiO, 1830, and was reared on a farm. In 1859 he received a license to teach from the school board of Monmouth county, N. J., where he then lived. After tcachinj^ two terms he attended school in New York city, and in Ausj^ust, 18r.2, enlisted in Co. I), 14tli N. J. \'ols., serving three years and becoming chief musician of his regiment. He then taught school for three years in Monmouth and Bergen counties, and in 18U8 entered the office of Hon. Robert Gilchrist, of Jersey City, as a student at law. He was admitted as an attorney in November, 1873, and as a counselor in February, 1877, and has always practiced in Jersey City, being for a time a partner of Mr. Gilchrist. Mr. Harvev is one of the liest known genealogists in the State and the author of several works of that nature. March 4, 1873, he married Mary Frances, second daughter of Peter J., and Sarah (Zabriskie) White, of Closter, Bergen county, N. J., where she was born October 29, 1848. Jamks R. Bowen, Jersey City and New York, is a son of John and Elizabeth (Lewis) Bowen, natives of Ireland, and was born in New York city December 5, 180:J, His mother came to this country in 1853 and his father in 185«I. and in 18G7 settled with their family in Jersey City, N. J., where James attended the public and high schools, graduating in 18si. He read law with ICdmund H. Brown, of New York city, and was admitted to the New York bar as attorney and counselor in November, 1X85, and to the bar of New Jersey at Tren- ton as an attorney in June, 188G. He practices in both vStates, having W. T. HILLIARD. BIOaRAPHICAL REGISTER. 211 offices in both Jerse}' City and New York. October 3, 1894, he mar- ried Miss Mary E. Keegan, of Jersey City. Matthew Bowen, Jersey City and New York, a yoimger brother of James R. Bowen, was admitted to the bar of this State in June, 1803. He is also a member of the New York bar, and is associated with his brother in practice. Daniel L. Campbell, Paterson, son of Daniel and Jane Campbell, was born December 18, 1873, in Rothesay, Scotland, finished his edu- cation at the Glasgow Technical College, and in 1888 came with the famil)^ to Paterson, N. J., where he read law with John H. Reynolds. He was admitted as an attorney in February, 1895, and since then has been associated with his legal preceptor. Henry Bewkes, Jr., Paterson, was born in Apeldoorn, Holland, March 7, 1859, came with his parents to Paterson, N. J., in 1871, and was educated in Paterson public schools, the University of the City of New York and under private tutors. He read law with Thomas C. Simonton, jr., of Paterson, was admitted as an attorney in November, 1888, is a master in chancery, and has practiced his profession in Paterson. Cornelius W. Berdan, Hackensack, was born in New York city December 24, 1850, and came to Hackensack, N. J., with his parents, James and Mary (Wortendyke) Berdan, about 1855. There he was educated in the public schools and at Professor Williams's Classical Institute, and there he read law with Hon. Martin M. Knapp and Gar- ret Ackerson, jr. He was admitted as an attorney in June, 1878, and since then has been in practice in Hackensack. October 15, 1879, he married Mary P., daughter of John C. O'Conor, of Milford, Conn. Walter A. Barrows, Mount Holly, son of Aimer and Sarepta (Brigham) Barrows, was born in Willington, Conn., December 27, 1839, and was graduated from the academy at Monson, Mass., in 18(11. He read law in Mount Holly, N. J., with Frederick Voorhees and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney at the June term, 1873, and as a counselor in 1876. John Ridley, Plainfield, was graduated from Columbia Law vSchool in 1877, and in December of the same year was admitted as an attor- ney and counselor to the New York bar. He had been reared in the city of Brooklyn. Soon after his admission ill health compelled him 412 TIIK JlltlCIAl- AND (IVII. illSTOKV ( iK NKW .IKKSKY. to seek rest and he came to riaititieUl, N. J., whcie he finally read law in the utVice uf Jiidjje I'lrich. lie was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in June, ISS'.t, and as a eounselor in June, 1893, and practiced in Plainlield until his death in June, 1H04. Mr. Ridley was an uncommonly promisin;^ lawyer, and even durinjj his brief career accpiired a lii^h reputation at the bar. Chancery practice was his specialty. In 1S!>:} he arranj^ed and annotated the chancery acts in a volume entitled " Ridley's Chancery Acts of New Jersey," and later he prepared the extensive index to " Dickinson's Precedents." IIksrv E. Samikis, Paterson, was born in Philadelpliia, Pa., Sep- tember 'i'i, 1854, and received his education in the public schools of that city. In 1871 he came to Paterson, N. J., and entered the county clerk's office, where he remained four years. He then read law with Judge John Hopper, of Paterson, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1879, and continued in active and successful practice in that city until his death, December S, lSli:5. He married Lottie, daughter of William Waite. of Essex countv. who, with an adopted son, survives him CuAkiKs C. C(jui.TKK, Camden, read law in the office of Hon. Ed- waul A. Armstrong, of Camden, X J., and was admitted as an attor- ney at the June term, 18S1», being the first graduate under the Five Counsellors' act from Camden county. lie was counsel for the Cam- den Board of Education for a time, and was associated in practice with Judge Armstrong until his death. May 12. 1S94. Stkphkn Hii.i.im;s Ra.n^om, Jersey City, was born in Saleiu, Conn., October r2, 1S14, and spent a p(»rtion of his early life in teaching school, c:5, leaving a widow, five .sons, and two daughters. Biographical register. 213 James F. Conkling, Deckertown, was born in 18G0 in Deckertown, N. J., and read law there with Judge Lewis J. Martin, now of New- ton. He was admitted to practice as an attorney in February, 1881, and as a counselor in February, 1884, became a special master in chancery, and for several years was Judge Martin's partner. In 1896 he was appointed law judge of Sussex county, but on April 7, of that year, a few days after he had qualified, he died. He married Eliza- beth, daughter of Hon. Jacob Gould. Charles Ewan Merritt, Mount Holly, is the son of Absalom E. and Esther P. (Kindle) Merritt and was born in Waynesville, Ohio, No- vember 22, 1842. His father was a brother of Ewan Merritt, a fore- most lawyer of Mt. Holly, N. J , and was engaged in business as a con- tractor and builder. He held a number of public offices, being for many years a school trustee and at one time the postmaster of Waynes- ville. Mr. Merritt received his preliminary education in the public schools of his native town. In 1861 he entered the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware and remained one year, when his patriotism impelled him to enlist in July, 1862, in Co. H, 79th Ohio Vol. Inf., in which he served as private, corporal and quartermaster-sergeant, being honorably dis- charged in June, 1865. He was attached successively to the Army of the Ohio, the Army of the Cumberland, and the Army of Georgia, and par- ticipated in Sherman's march through the Carolinas and to the sea. Returning from the war he resumed his college course, through all of which he stood at the head of his class, and was graduated with honors from the Ohio Wesleyan University, receiving therefrom the degree of A. B. in 1868 and that of A. M. in 1871. While at Delaware, Ohio, he became a charter member of one of the first Grand Army posts organ- ized in that State and was its delegate to the first Ohio State encamp ment of the G. A. R. In 1863, after entering his name as a law stu- dent in the office of General John S. Jones, of Delaware, he came to Mount Holly, N. J., and took up his legal studies with his uncle, the late Ewan Merritt. He was admitted as an attorney and counselor to the bar of Ohio at the December term of the Supreme Court, 1870, and to the New Jersey bar, before the Supreme Court, as an attorney in June, 1871, and as a counselor in November, 1874. He began active practice in Moimt Holly, but in 1872 went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and for two years suffered from ill health. In 1874 he returned to Mount 214 TMK .nF>l(MAL AND CIVlI, IllSToItV OF NKW JKRSEV. Holly, ami since Ihcn lias enjoyed a larj^e professional business in all the courts of the State, becoming one of the prcjniinent members of the bar. Thouj^h conduelin}^ a general law practice, he has made the probate and ccjuity branches somewhat of a specialty, and in this con- nection has often ajipeareil in the ( )rphans' Courts and the Court of Chancery. Amonj^ the many important will cases with which he has been identified as counsel are those of Pluston vs. Read, .5 Stewart, T)!*! ; Brown vs. Pancoast T, Stewart, '.\'i\; and Haines vs. Haines's execu- tors, ir. Atlantic, s:{n ; and also in the matter of the estate of William C. Hancock, 11 N.J. Law Journal, 50. He is a lawyer of ability, of jjood judgment, and of uncpiestioned intej^rity, and is widely respected for his personal characteristics and scholarly attainments. Mr. Merritt has also been active and prominent in civil life and local military affairs. He has served as township committeeman, counsel and treasurer of Northampton township, Burlington county, was for some time secretary and afterward chairman of the Burlington County Republican Committee, has been frecpiently a delegate to State Republican conventions and in 1882 was his party's nominee for State Senator. From 1884 to 1888 he was the editor of the New Jersey Mir- ror of Mount Holly, and not only wielded a graceful and fluent pen, but exerted a marked influence on pfjlitical affairs and attracted much attention by his jjungent editorials, which were of high literary merit. He has been president of the Burlington County Lyceum of History and Natural Science since 1885; is a director and solicitor of the Farmers National Bank of Mount Holly and the Burlington Ccnmty Safe Deposit and Trust Company of Moorestown, being one of the orgt.nizers and principal incorporators of the latter institution; has been for several years a director articiiiatin}^ in important cnj^a^enients on both sides of the Mississijipi River. In isr.4 he was apjjointed by President Lincohi major and judge advt)cate United Slates \'olunteers and as- signed to the 7th Army Corps. He was subsefjuently made jiulgc advocate of tlie department <>f the Arkansas with headcpiarters at Little Rock, and in this position had much to do with the administration of justice in Arkansas and the In- dian Territory, wliich was also within his jurisdiction. In this .service he was engaged two years, and in addition to his official duties aided in the organization of a State government under a new constitution for the State of Arkansas. When the war had ended Colonel Joy located in Newark. N. J., where his father, Charles Joy, a successful business man, had settled in ISoo. He became associated with the latter in the management of extensive business interests, and upon his father's death in 187.'} succeeded him. Edmund L. Joy was elected to represent his district in the Legisla- ture of New Jersey in 1871 and 1872, years in which important legisla- tion was discussed and enacted at Trenton, and in 1872 was chairman of the Judiciary Committee, wherein his legal knowledge and effec- tiveness as a speaker enabled him to render valu.^ble service to the State. For twelve years he was a member of the Board of Education of the city of Newark, being the jiresiding officer in 1885, 188(5 and 1887. He was an early member of the Newark Board of Trade, was its president in 1875 and 1870, and its treasurer from 1870 to the time of his death. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convcn tion of ISSO which nominated James A. Garfield for the i)residency of the I'nited States, and in 1884 was appointed by President Arthur a gov- ernment director of tlie Union Pacific Railroad Com])any. His extensive liusiness operations and well known abilities as a lousiness man made him prominent in matters afTecting the financial interests of the city in which he lived and often placed him in positions of great rcs])onsi- bility. (Ireat activity and energy of both mind and body were the prominent characteristics of Coh^nel Joy. Whatever he undertook was done with all his might and failure in any enterprise was with him almost an im- possibility. Ills fjuickness of apprehension and correctness of judg- ment were equally remarkable and if we add to these invaluable pos- sessions the ability to express his thoughts in language both strong and JAMES R. HOAGLAND. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 217 elegant, it is no wonder that he should have been so successful as a soldier, a jurist, a statesman, and a man of business. He was a genial and entertaining companion, a warm and reliable friend, and withal a Christian gentleman, conscientious in the discharge of every duty, mindful of the rights of his fellowmen and faithful in the service of his Maker. In 1862 he married Theresa R., daughter of the late Homer L. Thrall, M.D., of Columbus, O., who was for many years a professor in Kenyon College and subsequently in Starling Medical College. Colonel Joy died at his home in Newark, N. J., February 14, 1892, and besides his widow left surviving his two sons, Edmund Steele and Homer Thrall, and one daughter, Harriet Shaw, wife of Robert D. Martin, of Chicago. Edmund Steele Joy, Newark, was admitted to practice in this State as an attorney in November, 1889, and became a counselor at law in November, 1892. Edward Russ, Hoboken, eldest surviving son of Edward and Emelie (Fieder) Russ, natives of Westphalia and Hamburg, Germany, respec- tively, was born in New York city on July 12, 1856. His father, who drilled the Revolutionary forces at Hamburg, in 1848, came to Amer- ica in that year, and in 1801 settled with his family in Hoboken, N. J.,, where he died in 1884, and where his wife's death occurred in 1885. Edward Russ was graduated from the Hoboken Academy in 1872, and soon afterward began the study of law with Judge Roger A. Pryor of New York. He was graduated from Columbia Law School in 187G, and was admitted to the New York bar as attorney and counselor in 1877 and to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in February, 1879, and as a counselor in June, 1883. He remained with Judge Pryor until 1881, and since then has been in active and successful practice in Hoboken, being now senior member of the firm of Russ & Heppen- heimer. This firm probably has the largest law business in connection with brewing establishments in the State, and also acts as counsel for a large number of other corporations, maintaining oflfices in both Ho- boken and in New York. Mr. Russ is a Democrat in politics, but outside the duties of a loyal and enterprising citizen has never accepted a salaried public office. His energies and influence have been exerted mainly in promoting the welfare of the city of Hoboken, where he resides. He has ably filled 218 THE JUDICIAL AND (MVII. HISTORY OF NKU JERSEY. various posts on several local commissions, ami since 1803 has served as an adjustment commissioner under the Martin act. The Hoboken body created under this act has been one of the most successful in the State. He drafted the act providinj^ for the erection of the Hoboken Free Public Library buildinj^-, and secured the funds therefor. He is also president of the Hoboken Board of Commissioners of Public In- struction and of the Industrial School of Hoboken. As a lawyer he has won a high place at the bar of the State, and is widely recognized f(jr his legal attainments and eminent ability. Hon. Jon H. LirpiNcoii was born near Mount Holly, county of Burlington, X. J., November 12, 1842, He received a common school education, and also attended a private academy at Vincentown, N. J., conducted by John G. Herbert, for something over a year. After this he was a pupil and teacher for nearly two years in the Mount Holly Institute, which at that time was under the management of the Rev. Samuel Aaron. On January 1, 1863, he entered as a law student, the law office of Ewan Merritt, esq., at Mount Holly. During his period of service as a law student he attended the Dane Law School of Har- vard University, at Cambridge, Mass., and in July, 18«i5, he graduated therefrom with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, and at the February term, 1867, of the Supreme Court, he was admitted to the bar of New }ersey. In May, ISO?, he located in the practice of law in the city of Hudson, now a portion of Jersey City. He was a member and j^resident of the Board of Education of the city of Hudson from 1868 to 1871. In 1874 he he was elected coun.sel of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of the county of Hudson, w'hich office he held, by annual election, for thirteen successive years. In 1886 he was appointed by President Cleveland, United States attorney for the district of New Jersey, which office he held one year, and then resigned to accept the position of law judge of the county of Hudson, to which he was appointed by the late Governor Green to fill the unexpired term of Hon. A. T. McGill, who held that office at the time of his appointment as chancellor. In 1888 Judge Lippincott was reappointed as law judge for a full term of five years. In January, 1803, he resigned this pf)sition and was appointed by Governor Werts as (jne (^f the associate justices of the Supreme Court for the full term of seven years Judge Lippincott is one of the ablest and foremost lawyers in the State BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 219 and as jurist enjoys wide distinction for his great ability, his impartial- ity and his profound knowledge of the law. John Griffin, Jersey City, was born in Jersey City, N. J., June 26, 1858. and received a public and high school education. He read law in Jersey City with Bedle, Muirheid & McGee, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1881, and as a counselor in June, 1884. Since his admission he has practiced continuously in Jersey City. During one year Mr. James A. Romeyn of Hackensack was his partner. Mr. Griffin has been counsel to the Hudson County Board of Chosen Free- holders since April, 1896, and in politics is a Democrat. He has a large law practice in the various courts in the State, and has made a specialty of admiralty law, and while connected with Messrs. Bedle, Muirheid & McGee successfully argued the admiralty case of McCarthy et al. vs. the Sarah E. Kennedy, 25 Federal Report (1885) page 569, which settled the territorial jurisdiction of the District of New Jersey to the middle of the Hudson River. Mr. Griffin was married vSeptember 30, 1884, to Miss Agnes V. Stanley of Jersey City, and has three children. Andrew Kirkpatrick, Newark, judge of the United States District Court for New Jersey, is a son of John Bayard Kirkpatrick of New Brunswick, and Margaret Weaver, his wife, and a grandson of Hon. Andrew Kirkpatrick, a justice of the vSupreme Court of this State from 1797 to 1803 and chief justice from 1803 to 1824. He was born in Wash- ington, D. C, October 8, 1844, attended Rutgers College Grammar vSchool, and was graduated from Union College at vSchenectady, N. Y., in 1863. His father was a merchant engaged in foreign trade. Read- ing law in Newark, N. J., in the office of Hon. Frederick T. Freling- huysen, Judge Kirkpatrick was admitted as an attorney in June, 1866, and as a counselor in June, 1869, and was engaged in active and suc- cessful practice in Newark until his elevation to the bench, being first a partner of Mr. Frelinghuysen and later of Hon. Frederick H. Teese. He rapidly acquired wide prominence as a lawyer of ability and unerr- ing judgment, while his scholarly attainments and personal character- istics won for him the highest commendation. In April, 1885, he was appointed by Governor Abbett as law judge of the Essex County Court of Common Pleas, to succeed Judge Ludlow Carter, and by reappoint- ments held that position until November, 1896, when President Cleve- land appointed him judge of the United States District Court for New 220 THK .II'DiriAL AND CIVIL lILSTOin' OF NP:\V JKItSEY. Jersey to succeed Jiulj^e Edward T. (ireen. deceased. He is an ciiii nent jurist, whose decisions have commanded resi)ect, not only foi their clear and lucid statement of tacts, but also for their literary excel lencc and evidence of thorouj^h scholarshij). Judj^e Kirkpatrick was married in 1S0!» to Miss Alice Condit, daugh- ter of Joel W. Condit of Newark, X. J. She died in 1877, leaving three children: Andrew, jr., John Bayard and Alice C. On December fi, 188:5, he married, second. Miss Louise C, daughter of Theodore P. Howell of Newark, by wliom he has also had three children: Littleton, Isabelle and Elizabeth. Hknrv Simmons White, Jersey City, is the son of Isaac P. White, a prominent citizen and lumber merchant of Red Bank, Monmouth county, N, J., where he was born July i:j, 1844. He is of the fifth gen- eration of the White family in that county, the founder, Thomas White, coming there about two hundred years ago. His mother, Adaline Simmons, was descended from an old Maryland family from which State her father, Abraham wSimmons, moved into Ontario county, N. V , where she was born. She died May 7, 1894. The death of Isaac P. White occurred January 2S, 1870. Hcnr>- S. White early decided upon medicine as a profession, and in 1800 matriculated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York city, from which he was graduated in 18»i4. Being under age, however, he did not receive the degree of M.D. from that institution until March, 1800. In 1864 he enlisted in the United States army, was appointed acting assistant surgeon, and was assigned to duty in the Army of the James, where he remained till the close of the war, i)er- forming efficient service at the front and in the hospitals. For many years he has been jjrominent in Grand Army matters, both at home, in the State, and in the nation, and from February, 189'), to June, 1890, was commander of the department of New Jer.sey fi. A. R. Returning from the army Dr. Wiiite practiced medicine for two years in Red Bank, N. J , and then decided to adopt the legal profes sion. He read law with Hon. William A. Lewis, of Jer.sey City, was grad- uated from Columbia Law School, and was admitted to the bar of New York as attorney and counselor in June, 1870. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in November, 1872, and as a coun.selor just three years later, and since the former year has successfully prac- ticed his profession in Jersey City. He resides in Red Bank. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 221 Dr. White was an assistant collector of the Port of New York located at Jersey City from 1878 to 1882, and on August 22, 1890, was appointed United States district attorney for New Jersey to succeed George S. Duryee, of Newark, who had resigned. Soon after his admission to the bar he was made a special master in chancery. On November 3, 1876, he was appointed United States commissioner. In 1888 he was a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago, which nominated Benjamin Harrison for president. He is a director of the Hudson County National Bank of Jersey City, vice-president of the Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, and counsel and director for several large corporations. November 19, 1878, Dr. White was married to Annie H., daughter of ex-Judge Amzi C. McLean of Freehold, N. J., and a granddaughter on her mother's side of John Hull, a soldier in the Revolutionary army who was captured by the British and held a prisoner in New York. They have one daughter, Margaretta P. Frank H. Dunn, Elizabeth, son of John T. aud Mary A. Dunn, was born in Providence, R. I., September 7, 1869, and received his education in the public schools of Elizabeth, N. J., where his father is a prominent lawyer. He read law with R. V. Lindabury, then of Elizabeth, was admitted as an attorney in February, 1891, and as a counselor in June, 1895, and since 1891 has been a member of the law firm of John T. Dunn & Son. He is assistant prosecutor of the pleas of Union county. William S. Hancock, Trenton, was born in Trenton, October 19, 1854. His education w'as obtained at the State Normal School and the Trenton Business College. When seventeen years old he began his business life by an association with ex-Senator John Taylor in the live stock and provision trade. In 1881, with others, he organized the Crescent Pottery Company of Trenton, which was absorbed by the Trenton Potteries Company. In May, 1892, Mr. Hancock was made vice-president of the latter organization, which position he still holds. He was elected a member of the Trenton Common Council in 1888, and served his entire term of three years as chairman of the finance committee. It was during his incumbency of this office that Cham- bersburg and Millham were added to the city of Trenton, a new sewer system established, public parks purchased, and a paid fire de- partment created. These improvements required the highest finan- 222 THK JUDICIAL AND CIVIL IIISTlJliY OF NKW .IKR8KY cial anil executive aWility, which needs were fully met in their man- agement by Mr. Hancock. In IS04, at a meetinj^ of the joint Lej^ns- lature, Mr. Hancock was elected state comptroller for the term of three years. Ci.KMKNT Hai.1. SiNNu kson, Salem, is a son of John and Rebecca K. Sinnickson, and was born September in, 1S;J4, in Salem. N. J., where he has always resided. The family emij^rated to this country from Denmark in 1638. His great-grandfather, Andrew Sinnickson, 4th, was a colonial judge, a member uf the Provincial Congresses of l??/) and 187<;, and a member of the first Council of New Jersey in 177<;. His grandfather, Andrew Sinnickson, 5th, son of the above Andrew, was an active patriot and officer in the Revolutionary war and one of the seventeen vSalem county patriots who were proscribed by name by Colonel Mahwood, commander of the British forces in South Jersey, and refused amnesty. John Sinnickson, father of Clement H., was a member of the New Jersey Legislature. The family for several gen- erations have been active and influential in public affairs, and have always distinguished themselves in whatever profession or calling they adopted. They have retained and still hold a considerable portion of the lands in Salem county which were purchased of the Indians by their original ancestor, Andrew vSinnickson, 1st, in 1038, and which have never been out of the possession of the family. Mr. Sinnickson received his preliminary training at the Troy (N.Y.) Polytechnic Institute and was graduated from Union College in 1855. He studied law in the office of the late Hon. William L. Dayton, of Trenton, and was admitted to the bar in that city as an attorney at the November term, 1858, and as a counselor at the February term, 1804. On his admission in 1858 he began active practice in Salem, N. J., where he soon won an excellent reputation as an able and pains- taking lawyer. Hut the family spirit of patriotism impelled him to enlist at the first call for troops in the spring of 18(;i as captain of Co. I, 4th N. J. Militia Vols . in which he served with honor during his term of enlistment. Returning from the war he resumed the practice of his profession in Salem, and rapidly won a foremost jilace at the bar of Salem county, of which he is now a recognized leader. In 1874 and again in 1S70 he was elected to Congress, serving from March 4, 1875, to March 4. ISTO, with universal satisfaction and great credit, and the approval of all cla.sses of citizens irrespective of party. c L'L^ 'O/Lt^ BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 223 Under the act of 1896 he was appointed president judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the county of Salem for a term of five years from April 1, 1896. He is also one of the advisory masters in the Court of Chancery of New Jersey. Judge Sinnickson is an able lawyer, a jurist of the highest attain- ments, and a man greatly respected and esteemed. He has always taken a deep interest in scientific and historical matters, and is vice- president of the New Jersey Society of the Sons of the Revolution and a member of the Geological Board of this State. On June 18, 186'3, he married Sarah M., daughter of Louis P. and Henrietta Smith, of Salem, N. J. James Fleming Stewart, Paterson, born June 15, 1851, in Paterson, N. J., is the son of David and Janes Stewart. He attended the public and private schools of his native city and finished his education at the University of the City of New York. He was graduated from the law department of that institution in 1870, taking the first prize of $250 for passing the best examination. He was admitted to the bar of New York city in 1872, and to the New Jersey bar as attorney in 1875, and as a counselor and special master and examiner in chancery in 1894. Mr. Stewart was recorder of the city of Paterson three terms, and in 1894 was elected to Congress from the Fifth district of New Jersey by a majority of 6,000, and re elected to the 55th Congress by a majority of 10,178. He was counsel in the Iron Hall litigation and also in the case entitled Catholic Club of City of Paterson vs. Father Sebastian B. Smith. Alfred A. Stein, Elizabeth, son of Francis and Frances (Weinhart) Stein, was born in Elizabeth, N. J., April 9, 1875, was graduated from St. Michael's parochial school of that city in 1889, and read law there with James C. Connolly and for one year at the New York University Law School. He was admitted to the bar as an attorney June 8, 1896. Charles M. King, Paterson, is a son of Elias Brown King and Rose Mitchell, his wife, and was born August 30, 1849, in Paterson, N. J., where he has always resided. He received a public school education in his native city, was graduated from the Adelphic Academy at New Milford, Conn., in 1866, and then learned the machinist's trade, spend- ing three years in the Grant Locomotive Works and two years with John E. Van Winkle, both of Paterson. On May 16, 1871, he became a clerk in the surrogate's office at Paterson, with which he has ever 224 TIIK JrniClAl, AND (MVII. HISTORY oF NEW JKRSEY. since been connected. He was elected surrujrate of Passaic county in 1HS5, and reelected in 18!»0 and again in 181)5. and is now serving his third term in that capacity. In politics he is a staunch Rei)ublican. October 15, 1879, Mr. King married Charhdte M., daughter of John P. Mayer, then of Paterson and now of Brooklyn, N. Y. They have two sons, William Bcrdan and Leonard Charles. E.MORV Nr.Ai, Yard, Trenton, was born in Trenton, N. J., May IS, 1847, a son of Joseph B. Yard and vSarah A. Yard. Mis ancestors for six generations have been residents of Trenton. Mr. Yard received his education at Trenton Academy after preparation therefor in the public schools. In 18G5 he went to Denver, Colo., and thence to Texas and California, returning in 1870 to Chicago, where he spent a year; he then returned to Trenton and engaged in business with his father. In 1875 he was appointed on the police force of Trenton and served five years. In April, 1889, he was made deputy U. S. marshal, and at the expiration of his term in 1893, was reappointed. His personal pop- ularity and interest in the prosperity of Trenton led to his election as mayor of that city in 1895, on the Republican ticket, by a majority of 2,"-i54, the largest ever given to any mayoralty candidate. He married Rebecca A . daughter of Otis F. and Adelia S. Claflin. Jamks Pakkf.k.^ (^f Perth Amboy, was a son of James Parker, a dis- tinguished citizen of Perth Amboy, Middlesex county, and sprung from a family prominent in New Jersey from its first settlement. Wood- bridge was settled by the Puritans from New England in 1G6«;. Among those from Massachu.setts was Elisha Parker, who in 1057 had married a sister of Governor Hinckley at Barnstable. One of their sons, also Elisha, became a wealthy citizen and in 1817 was made a member of Governor Hunter's Privy Council, an act that was attacked by a clergyman of the English church resident in Pennsylvania on the ground that Mr. Parker was a Puritan, and defended by the as.sertion of his high standing and because the governor designed by new appoint- ments, including this, to establish the Court of Chancery. After some delay his plan was endorsed and this court established. Perhaps this position led Mr. Parker to the adoption of religious connections more common in the case of public officers. But, whatever the cause, his children became Episcopalians, and their descendants since have always been earnest and influential in that denomination, 'Adapted from " Hiographical Encyclopedia of New Jersey," 1877. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 225 John Parker, son of Elisha, jr., born November 11, 1(J1)3, married a daughter of Dr. John Johnston; he was a man of education and influ- ence and was a member of the governor's Privy Council from 1719 till his death in 1732. James Parker, his son, born January 29, 1723, served on the northern frontier in the French and Indian war as captain of a company raised in Middlesex county, and later became a merchant in New York, but lived in New Jersey. He was a member of Gover- nor Franklin's Privy Council, was elected to the Provincial Congress, but did not take his seat, and was long mayor of Amboy. In 1789 he was a candidate for Congress. He was one of the founders of the American Episcopal church in New Jersey, a leading member of the Board of Proprietors, from whom all land titles came, and died in 1G97. James Parker, son of the above James, and the subject of this me- moir, was born March 1, 1776, and died April 1, 1868. He was grad- uated from Columbia College, New York, in 1793, being the second in his class, and was destined for mercantile life. On leaving college he entered the counting room of John Murray, but the death of his father, in 1797, called him at the age of twenty-one to take his place as the virtual head of the family. Having large landed interests to manage he necessarily acquired an intimate knowledge of the law, for which his sagacious mind largely fitted him, and this caused him to be re- garded generally as a lawyer of eminence, though in fact he never prac- ticed the profession. In 1806 he was elected to the New Jersey As- sembly, and was re-elected for eight successive years ; after a year's interval he was elected for four years more; and was again elected in 1827 and 1828. He was a leader in the Legislature and in the State, and though a Federalist he was not a partisan. His independence, in- tegrity, and remarkable capacity made him exceedingly useful. He was a statesman as well as a speaker, and many of the best known statutes of the State were prepared by him. He was among the origi- nators, if not himself the author, of the fund for free schools. Hon. R. S. Field wrote of him: "When the history of the great movement on behalf of popular education in our State comes to be written, the first and highest place in it will be assigned to James Parker." He was a leader in measures for the prohibition of the domestic slave trade, which the gradual abolition of slavery actually encouraged by leading runners to anticipate the period and export their slaves to other States. Both as a member of the Legislature, through which he caused the passage of efficient laws, and as foreman of the Middlesex CO 22G THK JUDICIAL AND ("I VI I, IIISTOIiV OF NKW JKRSEY. (iraml Jury, in punishinj^ offemlcrs, lie dici mucli to lielp the iic^ro ami to i)rotL'ct New Jersey from disj^^raee. lie was one of the orij;inators of the Delaware and Raritan Canal, entering the Lej^islature in 1827 in order to earry throuj^h that enterprise and sueceeded; he was a director of that company until his death. Mr. Parker was three times appointed a commissioner to settle the boundary between New Jersey and New Vork, first in ISOO and aj^ain in 1827, his colleagues bein^ John Rutherford, Richard Stockton, Theodore Frelinghuysen, and L. Q. C 1-^lnier; and third in lS"i'.), when his associates were Messrs. Frelinghuysen and IClmer. In all these cf)nnections Mr. Parker was a leading factor. He was a presidential elector in 1824 on the Federal (Jackson) ticket, and in 1829 President Jackson appointed him collector at Perth Amboy. In 1S32 and again in 1834 he was elected to Con- gress on a general ticket, and served with great distinction, winning the cognomen of "Honest James Parker" and distinguished him- self as a champion of the right of petition and as a guardian of the finances of the Union. He was a trustee of Rutgers College from 1825 to 1829 and of Princeton for a much longer period, mayor of Perth Amboy for many years, and till the very end of his long life was useful and public spirited. His views were ahead of his day. After leaving Congress he was first a Whig and then a Republican, and a staunch supporter of the Union and of emancipation. Mr. Parker had three sons. James, the eldest, died in 1801 in Cin- cinnati, Ohio, where he was a distinguished lawyer and judge. Will- iam died in 18G8 at Aspinwall, Central America, where he lived several years as superintendent of the Panama Railroad. Hon. Cortlandt Parker, the youngest son, now one of the foremost lawyers in New Jersey, is noticed elsewhere in this volume. IIenkv Woodhull Grekn, Trenton, is a son of Charles E. and Mary L. Green, a grandson of Chancellor and Chief Justice Henry W. Green, and a great-grandson of Chief Justice Charles Fwing, and was born in Trenton, N. J., April 30, 18G8. He was graduated in 1887 from the Lawrence vi He vSchool in this State, and is now one of the board of trustees of that instituti(;n. He was graduated from Princeton Col- lege in the class of 1891, and afterwards read law with Judge William S. Gummerc, of Trenton, and later with Frederic W. Stevens, of New- ark, and was graduated from the New Vork Law School in June, 1894. He was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton on No- filOGRAl^HICAL REGISTER. 227 vember 9, 1894, and has since been in active practice in his native city. Mr. Green was married in Grace church, New York, on the 14th of January, 1895, to Miss Helen W. Watts, daughter of George B. and Helen (Wood) Watts, of that city. James M. VanValen, Hackensack, traces his ancestry to Daniel Van Valen, who came from Holland in 1652 and settled in the present city of New York. In 1657 he was followed by his father, Johannes Van Valen. Daniel subsequently moved to Harlem, where he was one of the five original patentees of the Harlem Grants and the last sur- vivor of them. His descendants finally removed to Bergen county, N. J., and became extensive land owners. James M. Van Valen is a grandson of James and the son of Cor- nelius Van Valen by his second wife, Jane, daughter of Abram Zabris- kie, and was born at Teaneck, Bergen county, N. J., July 21, 1842. He spent his early life attending the public schools. In September, 1861, he enlisted in Co. I, 22d N. J. Vols., and served ten months in the war of the R.ebellion, being attached with his regiment to the Army of the Potomac. He then engaged in the book trade in New York and afterward taught school for several years in his native county. He read law with the late Garret Ackerson, of Hackensack, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1875, and as a counselor in No- vember, 1878. In 1875 he formed a copartnership with his legal pre- ceptor, Mr. Ackerson, which continued until the latter's death, Decem- ber 23, 1886. Since then he has practiced alone. April 1, 1888, he was appointed by Gov. Robert S. Green as president judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Bergen county, and on April 1, 1893, Governor Werts reappointed him to the same office for a second term of five years. Judge Van Valen has won eminent success and a high reputation as both lawyer and jurist. His opinions, except in two instances, have never been reversed. Beginning active life as a teacher, he has always taken a deep interest in educational affairs, and for eighteen years served as chairman of the Hackensack Board of Education ; he de- clined a re-election in 1895 on account of professional demands. He became a private in Co. A, 2d Battalion, N. G. N. J., November 1, 1870, and was transferred to Co. C, of the same battalion, October 8, 1872. He was promoted first lieutenant Octoijer 18, 1872, and first 228 THK JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY oK NKW JERSEY. lieutenant and quartermaster of the 2cl Battalion April 18, 1H7G, and resigned June 1.'), of the same year. He became captain and in.spector of rifle practice February '-iO, 1883, colonel and assistant inspector- general of rifle practice June 8, 1880, and was brevetted brijjadier- gcncral and retired on his own recjuest July 5, 1893. In politics he has always been a Democrat, independent and fearless, never allowing politics even to be hinted at in connection with his duty as judge; in religion he is a member and was formerly a deacon of the First Re- formed church of Hackensack. As soldier, teacher, lawyer and jurist, he has always been highly respected and enjoys the confidence and esteem of all who know him. He was married June 24, is74, to Anna Augusta, daughter of Theo- dore Smith, of Park Ridge, Bergen county, N. J. They have nine children : James A., Garret A., Emma E., Frederick M., Raymcmd, George W.. Arthur, Howard W. and Anna 1'". John Pol iek Stockton, Jersey City, formerly of Trenton, was born in Princeton, N. J., August 2, 1820, and is a son of Commodore Robert Field Stockton, of theU. vS. navy, and Harriet Maria, daughter of John Potter, of Charleston, S. C, his wife. He was graduated from Prince- ton College in 1843, read law in his native town with Judge Richard S. Field, and was admitted as an attorney in the Supreme Court at the April term, 1847, and as a counselor in April, 1850, He practiced his profession in New Jersey with eminent success until 1857, being ap- pointed in the mean time commissioner to revise the laws of the State, and in this capacity made a report to the Legislature which was adopt- ed. In 1857 he was appointed by President Buchanan United States mmister to Rome, where he officiated with dignity and credit till 1801, when he returned home and resumed the practice of law in Trenton. He has been connected with a large number of important cases, civil and criminal, for the vState, and during the earlier part of his profes- sional career was counsel for the Delaware and Raritan Canal and the United Railways of New Jersey. He was elected to the United States Senate for a term of six years commencing March 4, 1805, but was un- seated on account of the election by a plurality act wanting one of a majority. He was. however, re-elected to that responsible position for six years l^eginning March 4, 180U, and served the full term witli distinguished ability, being one of the leaders ui the Democratic :^*^^*- '^ W^\ ' ^^'J, - ' - V-..^*-i? BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 229 forces. Returning to Trenton he again resumed the practice of his profession. On April 8, 1877, he was appointed attorney-general of the State for a term of five years, and in 1882, 1887 and 1893 was reappointed to that office, serving with eminent ability. At the close of his fourth term as attorney-general, on April 5, 1897, he again re- sumed the practice of law, opening an office in Jersey City. Mr. Stockton's official and professional career has been characterized by unswerving fidelity to the interests and welfare of the public and his numerous clients He is profoundly versed in the science of the law and possessed of legal attainments of a high order. In 1845 Mr. vStockton was united in marriage in Philadelphia, Pa., to Miss Sarah Marks. Robert Field Stockton, Trenton, is a son of Commodore Robert Stockton and Harriet Maria Potter, his wife, and a grandson of Richard Stockton, " the Duke," who was a son of Richard Stockton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He was born in Prince- ton, N. J., January 21, 1832, and received his preliminary education at private schools and under the tutelage of Revs. James W. and Addison Alexander and Rev William A. Dod, He was graduated from Prince- ton College with the degree of B. A. in 1851 and received the degree of M. A. in course in 1854, read law in his native city with Richard S. Field, and was admitted to the bar in November, 1854. He began active practice in Princeton, but soon removed to Trenton, where he has since resided. His early professional career brought him into con- tact with extensive railroad interests, with which he soon became iden- tified as both owner and officer. He was made secretary and treasurer of the Belvidere Delaware Railroad Company, and later general man- ager of the Plymouth Coal Company of Wilkesbarre, Pa , president of the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company, and an employee of the Pennsylvania and Erie Railroads. He is now president of the United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company. Shortly before the war he was appointed adjutent-general of New Jersey and served with great ability until after the war closed, when he resigned, receiving the unanimous thanks of the State Legislature for his services. While holding this office he was appointed a major in the regular army, which position he accepted, but soon declined at the urgent request of Gov- ernor Olden, who thought his services of more value to the State in the adjutant- general's department. When his brother, John P., then 230 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSET. chancery reporter, was appointed minister to Italy, (leneral Stockton, at the request of tlie Chancellor, prepared and published one vol- ume of the Chancery Reports, thus fillinj,^ out his brother's unexpired term of otTice as reporter. General Stockton was married in I8.')2 to Anna Mar^retta, daughter of Woodburnc Potter, then of Washington, !> (" John B. Hi'MPiikKYs, Passaic, was born in the North of Ireland on the 10th of July, 1854, and is the son of John James Hamilton Hum- phreys, a prominent member of the chancery bar. Inner Temple, London, Enjjland. He was educated at Rugby and Oxford, read law in Ontario, Canada, and practiced his profession as barrister for three years in Toronto. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an at- torney in February, 1889, and as a counselor in February, 1892, and is almost a special master in chancery. For several years he was engaged in practice in Paterson, whence he removed in 189(5 to Passaic, N. J. WiLi.iAM Frederick Gaston, Passaic, is a son of John and Anna L. (Terhune) Gaston, and was born in Pompton, Passaic county, N. J., February 11, 1854. The family were early settlers of Somerset county, his maternal great-grandfather being a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Mr. Gaston was graduated with honors from Rutgers College, receiving the degree of A. B. in 1874 and that of A. M. in 1877. He read law in Jersey City with Hon. Jonathan Dixon and Hon. Gilbert Collins, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in June, 1877, and as a counselor in June, 1880. Since his admission he has been in active practice in Passaic, N. J., being appointed a special master in chancer)' by Chancellor McGill in January, 1894. Among his more noted cases may be mentioned the Rusling will case, entitled Gershorn Rusling and Sarah H. Rusling vs. JamesS. Rusling and William Henry Rusling. He was elected to the New Jersey Assembly in 1881 and again in 1882, and was made chairman of the commission under the Martin act to ad- just taxes in the town and city of Passaic on its formation. In 1876 Mr. Gaston married Mary, daughter of Christian A. Zabris- kie of Bergen county, N. Y. L. DkWitt Tavi.or. Belvidere, born in Lower Mount Bethel, North- ampton county. Pa., is a son of William S. and Nancy Taylor, and was graduated from Dr. Knighton's Classical Academy of Belvidere, N. J. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an a^torney in February, 187G, and as a counselor at the same term in 1879, and has served as BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 231 attorney for Oxford Township and for the town of Belvidere, as attor- ney for the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Warren county during the investigation of the county frauds, and as special counsel in the in- vestigation which resulted in the prosecution and conviction of a num- ber of Warren county officers. He is a director and attorney for the Warren County National Bank, and has always been recognized as an independent Democrat, but has never sought political office. For ten years he has been a trustee of the First Presbyterian church of Belvi- dere, and has frequently spoken in the interests of temperance. James F. Minturn, Hoboken, is the son of John and Anna Minturn, who came from Ireland in 1846 and settled in Hoboken, N. J., where the subject of this sketch was born July 16, 1859. Mr. Minturn was educated at Martha Institute in Hoboken and Columbia College in New York, read law in his native city with Ogden & Niven, and was admitted to the New York bar in 1879 and to the bar of this State as an attorney in November, 1880, and as a counselor in November, 1883, and to the United States Supreme Court in March, 1888. He is a special master in chancery, and has always practiced his profession in Hoboken, of which city he has been corporation cotmsel since 1885. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Hoboken Free Li- brary and judge advocate of the 2d Regt., N. G. N. J. Among the cases with which he has been connected were those before the vSu- preme Court and Court of Errors and Appeals and the United States Supreme Court, involving the lands under water in Hoboken, and that of Hutchins vs. Henry George, which involved the request to circulate the Progress and Poverty newspaper. This latter case was tried in the Court of Errors and Appeals, whose decision he caused to be re- versed in the Court of Chancery. Mr. Minturn has compiled the char- ter and ordinances of the city of Hoboken to date, and has con- tributed several articles of wide interest to Belford's Magazine. November 19, 1890, he married Miss Anna C, daughter of Timothy and Margaret (McKeon) Foley, of Hoboken, N. J. Frederick Gordon Burnham, Newark, residence Morristown, N. J., the only living son of Gordon and Marcia (Condict) Burnham, is de- scended on his father's side from ancestors who settled at Ipswich, Mass., about 1635. His maternal great-great-grandfather, Jonathan Dickinson, who married a grand-daughter of Melyn, the patroon of Staten Island, was the founder and first president of Princeton Col- 232 THK .irniClAl. AND CIVIL HISTORY oK NKW JERSEY. lejje. The Coiulicts were anion^ the lirst settlers of Morris cotinty, N. J., and lar;,'e land owners there, buyinj^ from the Indians. The old Condict homestead, now known as the Hurnham place, is occnpied by Mrs. Hyron Sherman, sister of Mr. Burnham. His ma- ternal grandfather was Judge Silas Condict, of Morris county, who was distiny:uished throu}.,^h a long life for sterling integrity and great financial ability, and whose father, Col. El)enezer Condict, was a com- missioned officer in the Revolutionary army and died while encamped at Morristown. His paternal great-grandfather was a soldier in the French and In- dian wars. On his mother's side he is also descended, in a direct line, from John Alden of the Pilgrim Fathers. His father, Gordon Burnham, was for many years a large wholesale merchant in New York city, but removed with his family in 1840 to Morristown, N. J., and died on the homestead in August, 1881, his mother .soon following, dying in 1884. Of the three children of Mr. Gordon Burnham one died in infancy, the other two, Mrs. Byron Sher- man and Frederick G. Burnham, reside in Morristown. Mr. Fiurnham was born in New York city June 20, 1831, prepared for college at the Morristown Academy, in 1847 entered the freshman class of New York University and graduated as A. B. in 1851. His alma mater conferred the degree of A. M. upon him in 1854. He was president of the various organizations in his class after he reached his senior year, was a thorough student and active in all debates and literary matters. In 1851 he began his legal studies in the office of Barney, Humphrey & Butler, tlien one of the largest and foremost law firms in New York city, and in 1853-54 attended Harvard Law School. He was admitted to the New York bar as attorney and counselor in 1853, and the next year entered upon active practice in that city, where he conducted a large and successful business until 1804, when, his health failing, he was obliged to seek relief in travel. In 1858 he became a ])artner of John Van Buren, formerly attorney-general of New York and one of the mF NKW JKHSKY. He sliulietl hiw with McCarter cV Keen and was admitted to the bar as an attorney at tlie June term, 1S7H. He held tlie offices of city and township solicitor of Bordentown, and for the past eight years has been in the employ of the attorney-general's office in connection with miscellaneous corporation tax cases. Mr, McMichael's wife was I'^lizabeth R. Tlionipson, dauj^hter (jf J. Hergen Thompson, of Freehold, N. J. TnKoixikK SiMoNsoN, Xcwtou, sincc ISSiJ prosecutor of the pleas of Sussex county, was born in the township of X'ernon, Sussex county, N. J , April '26, 1848. His ancestors originally settled in the vicinity of New York, whence his great-grandfather, Simon Simonson, a cap- tain of the Second New Jersey Militia Regiment in the Revolutionary war, removed about 1790 to a farm in Vernon, where he became a large land owner. This homestead remained in the family for more than one hundred years. Among Captain Simonson's several children were two S(jns, of whom Major William, an officer in the war of 1812, lived and died in 187U on the homestead farm. He took an active part in public affairs and represented the county of Sussex in the General Assembly of New Jersey. Thomas T. vSimonson, son of Major Will- iam, was born in Vernon in 1818 and died there in 1870, leaving two children: Theodore and Malvina II., the latter the wife of Charles M. Woodruff, a prominent lawyer of Newton. Mr. .Simonson was one of the active and inllucnlial cilix.ens of Sussex county, which he served as sheriff from 1870 to isTiJ. He niarried Mary Hynard, whose father, Major David Hynard, was alscj a prominent resident of the county of Sussex, which he represented in the .State Legislature. Theodore Simonson has spent his entire life in his native county. He received a classical education in the Warwick (N. Y.) Academy and at Prof. Warring's Collegiate Institute at Pcnighkeepsie, N. Y., and began the study of law in the office of the late Hon. Robert Hamilton of Newton, cf)mpleting his legal course with Hon. Thomas Anderson, then of Newton, now of Newark, N. J. He was admitted to the bar as an attorney at the February term of the Supreme Court, 1876, and was made a coun.selor in Feljruary, 188:5. After his admission to the bar he began the active practice f)f his profession in Newton, N. J., where he still resides. Mr. Simonson was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Sussex count V 1)y Governor George C. Ludlow on March 7, 188.'3, and has ever BiOGRAPHiCAL REGISTER. 236 since performed the responsible duties of that office, being reappointed by Governor Green on March 29, 1888, and by Governor Werts for a third term on March 29, 1893. As prosecutor he has conducted many important and far reaching cases. His strict integrity, his keen sense of right and wrong, his impartiality and unquestioned honesty, and his high legal attainments combine to make him an able officer and a man whom to know is to respect and honor. He is not only one of the fore- most members of the Sussex county bar, but one of the ablest practi- tioners at the bar of New Jersey. He has for many years had an ex- tensive civil practice, and in his capacity as prosecutor has attained distinction in criminal procedure. In his private law business he has made a specialty of practice in the Orphans' Court and the Court of Chancery and in the settlement of estates, in all of which he has had wide experience. As a citizen Mr. Simonson has always taken an act- ive interest in public affairs, and has been somewhat prominent in pol- itics. In 1892, as a presidential elector, he aided in casting the elec- toral vote of the State for Hon. Grover Cleveland for president. He is a director in the Sussex National Bank, the oldest financial institution in Newton ; a trustee of the Newton Library Association ; and a mem- ber of the vestry of Christ's church, Newton. On the 10th of March, 1881, Mr. Simonson was married to Miss Fan- nie, daughter of the late Judge John Townsend of Newton, N. J., and a sister of Mrs. Henry C. Kelsey, wife of Hon. Henry C. Kelsey, of Trenton, N. J., late secretary of state of New Jersey. John Townsend, Newton, was born in 1815 in Vernon township, Sussex county, N. J., and spent his early life in rural pursuits. At the age of twenty-one he purchased a farm in Warren county, but a few years later removed to Newton, N. J., where he resided until his death in 1868. His public life began in 1843, and thereafter he took a prom- inent part in the affairs of his county. He was one of the lay judges of the Sussex Common Pleas from 1804 until shortly before his de- cease, when he resigned. Few men in civil life ever attained higher distinction on any bench of our Common Pleas than did Judge Town- send. He was noted for his honesty integrity, dignity, and learning, and as an officer and citizen was widely respected and honored. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Christopher Simonson, of Vernon township, who died in 1889. Gkorge Washington Df, Mkza, Plainfield, son of George H. and 236 THK JUDKnAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Charlotte L. (Lyncss) De Mcza, was born in Hartford, Conn., Febru- ary 1«'.. 1S7I, and moved with his parents to Plainfield, N. J , when very youn^^ The family afterward settled in North Plainfield, where he attended the public schools until twelve years of age. For several years thereafter he followed mercantile pursuits in a clerical capacity. He read law with Jackson tK: Codinji^ton, of Plainfield, was admitted to the bar as an attorney November •^, 180"i, and since then has success- fully practiced his profession in Plainfield, where on January 1, 1800, he a.ssumed the duties of city judj^e, to which office he was elected as a Republican in the preceding December. Though following a general practice he has made a specialty of criminal and railroad law, and is one of the most prominent and active of the younger members of the Union County bar. Hknkv C. Suvi».\.m, Bound Brook and Plainfield, was born in Fleni- ington, N. J., April 19, 1853, the son of Daniel and Mary Suydam, and was graduated from Brown University with the degree of A. B. in the class of 1876. He read law with Vice Chancellor John T. Bird and George A. Allen, both of Flemington, and was admitted to the New Jersey Supreme Court as an attorney at the June term, 1870, and as counselor at the same term in 1884. vSince his admission to the bar Mr. Suydam has> been engaged in the general practice of the law, making specialties of settling estates, partition cases, and collections. He is counsel for the town of Bound Brook and a number of local corpora- tions, including the First National Bank of Bound Brook, and has offices in both Bound Brook and Plainfield. On the 1st of December, 1881, he was married in Flemington, N. J., to Miss Emily Parker, daughter of Avery and Ellen II. Parker. Hugh Henderson Hamii i,, Trenton, is a son of Rev. Samuel M. Hamill, D D., and Matilda (ireen, his wife, and was born in Lawrence- ville, Mercer county, N. J., August 11, 18ol, Receiving a preparatory education in the Lawrenceville schools and under his father's instruc- tion he entered Princeton College in 18G8 and was graduated therefrom in 1871. For eight years he was an instructor in the Lawrenceville school, being vice-principal during Dr. Hamill's time. Afterward he entered the law office of his cousin, the late Hon. Caleb S. Green, of Trenton, as a student, and was admitted to practice in New Jersey as an attorney at the February term of the Supreme Court, 1S77, and as a counselor in February, 1888. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 237 Mr. Hamill devoted his whole attention to his law practice in Tren- ton until 1890, when he became president of the Trenton Trust and Safe Deposit Company and of the Real Estate Title Company of New Jersey, which position he has since held. In 1891 he was one of the organizers of the New Jersey Building Loan and Investment Company, which he has also served as president ever since. These corporations owe much of their success and present substantial prosperity to Mr. Hamill's financial ability and executive management. He rose to the front rank in his profession, being widely recognized as an able lawyer, and he still continues in practice. In the field of finance, in which his energies have been mainly exerted during the past six years, he has won a high reputation as a trustworthy and successful business man. His knowledge of real estate values in both Trenton and the State is extensive. Noted for his strict integrity, sound judgment and unusual executive capacity, he enjoys universal respect and is highly esteemed by all who know him. He has never sought nor accepted political preferment, but can point with pardonable pride to the evidences of the confidence that has been placed in him by his fellow citizens. He is a trustee of Princeton Theological Seminary and prominently con- nected with various social and other organizations. In October, 1879, Mr. Hamill was married to Miss Elizabeth Drinker, daughter of the late Hon. Barker Gummere, of Trenton, N. J. Charles Joel Parker, Manasquan, is a son of the late Hon. Joel Parker and Maria M. Gummere, his wife, and was born in Freehold Monmouth county, N. J., August 13, 1848. He was graduated from Princeton College in 1870, read law in Freehold with his father and in Trenton with the late Barker Gummere, and was admitted before the Supreme Court of New Jersey as an attorney at the June term, 1873, and as a counselor at the November term, 1876. Mr. Parker is an able lawyer, inheriting many of the personal and intellectual charac- teristics which made his father so illustrious in civil and professional life. He has won honor and success at the bar, and is president of the Board of Education and the First National Bank of Manasquan, Mon- mouth county, where he resides. On September 11, 1877, he married Alida, daughter of Adam V. and Catharine (Chapman) Marcellus, of Freehold, N. J. John T. Van Cleef, Trenton, was born at Coxsackie, N. Y., July 9, 1849, and is a son of Rev. Paul D. Van Cleef, who has been for forty- 238 THE JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY seven years the pastor <>f the Wayne Street Reformed Churcli in Jersey City. Colonel \'an Cleefwas educated at Dr. Hashnnick's Institute in Jersey City and at Rutgers College, was admitted to the bar as an at- loniey in June, 1873, and as a coun.selor in June, ISTC, and became a member of the law firm of Fleming-, Van Cleef tV Van Horn, In 1874-7.") he was a member from the sixth district of the Board of Alder- men of Jersey City, and for ten years was secretary of the Board of Finance of that city. In 188S he was appointed on Ciovcrnor Green's personal stall, and reappointed by (iovernors Abbett and Werts. To Colonel Van Cleef belongs the credit of having formulated the blanks on which the railroads make their tax returns; he has also been sec- retary of the State Board of Assessors since its orgainzation in 1884. Frank Van Ci.f.ve, Paterson, son of (iarrct and Catherine (Schoon- maker) Van Cleeve, was born in New York city on January 24, 1853, and was graduated from the University of the City of New York in 1871. He studied law in the office of the late John C. Paulison, of Paterson, and was admitted to the bar of this State in June, 1879. He was district, court judge of Paterson one year and justice of the police court two years. He has practiced in Paterson since 1889, succeeding his preceptor, Mr. Pauli.son, in 1882. January 13, 1874, he married Catherine, daughter of John P). \"an Riper of Richfield, Passaiccounty N. J. Ror.K.K r vScnKNCK Ci.vmkk, Woodbury, born in Philadelphia, Pa., August 23, 1855, is a son of David M. and Abigail A. (Ashcraft) Cly- mer, and a lineal descendant of George Clymer, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Receiving a good education in the Central High School of his native city, he read law in the office of Bel- mont Perry of Woodbury, X. J., and was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton as an attorney June It, 1882, and as a counselor June 7, 1885. He was admitted to the Philadelphia bar in October, 1890, to the United vStates District and Circuit Courts February 10, 1891, to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania May 21, 1894, and to the United States Supreme Court December 10, 189<'i. Judge Clymer has practiced in Wo()dl:)ury since liis admission in 1882, and for several years has been a recogniz-ed leader of the bar of Gloucester county and South Jersey. He has been uniformly suc- cessful, giving his whole time to his extensive j^ractice, and has been connected with most of the important litigation in that part of the State BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 239 during the last fifteen years. He is solicitor for various townships in Gloucester county, and for a number of corporations, and has acted in that capacity for the Farmers' and Mechanics' National Bank of Woodbury since its organization. For four years he served as city clerk of Woodbury and for one year as a member of the Gloucester County Board of Chosen Freeholders, and in each case declined a re- nomination. On December 1, 1891, he was appointed by Governor Abbett as president judge of the Gloucester County Courts, and on April 1, 1892, he was reappointed for a full term of five years, which expired April 1, 1897. In this position he won high honor as an able and upright jurist. He is not married. George Bragg Fielder, Jersey City, was born in Jersey City, July 24, 1842, and is the only son of the late James Fairman Fielder, who was one of the most prominent citizens of Hudson county. His mother, Charlotte Bragg, was born at Oyster Bay, L. I., and died when George was but two and one- half years old. His paternal ancestors were Rev- olutionary soldiers and on his mother's side they were of English ex- traction. Mr. Fielder was graduated from Dickinson's Lyceum in Jersey City, and from Selleck's Academy at Norwalk, Conn. After leaving school he engaged in the banking business and subsequently with his father built the New Jersey Southern and New York, New Haven and Willi- mantic Railroads. He enlisted as a private in the 21st N. J. Vols, in the war of the Rebellion, and fought in all the battles in which his reg- iment was engaged up to May 4, 18G3, when he had risen to the position of sergeant major. At the battle of Marye's Heights, which was part of the Chancellorsville fight, and where his regiment was in the thickest of the carnage, both he and Colonel Van Houten, the regimental com- mander, were severely wounded during a brilliant charge. They were captured by the Confederates and taken to an old barn, where the col- onel died of his wounds the next day, and was tenderly buried by Ser- geant Fielder. For months the latter languished in rebel prisons, and when exchanged under general orders from the War Department, was so ill and emaciated by his long confinement that he was obliged to return home. For his conduct in that fight, Joel Parker, the War Gov- ernor of New Jersey, commissioned him a lieutenant of his regiment and assigned him to special service as assistant chief mustering officei until the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged. 240 THK JIDKIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Mr, FicUler returned to civil life and en^ajjed in the contracting business with his father. He was made clerk of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Hudson county and filled that position for nine years, when he was elected register of the county, to which otTice he was re- elected for a second term. While serving in this capacity he was nom- inated for Congress as a Democrat, to take the place of Hon. Edward F. McDonald, who had been nominated by the Democratic convention and who died on the Saturday previous to the election. Under the laws of New Jersey, ballots bearing the name of Edward F. McDonald were handed to every voter presenting himself; none bore the name of Mr. Fielder, who was elected solely by the use of pasters, receiving a majority of 2,831 votes over Frank O. Cole the Republican nominee. Mr. Fielder served with credit in the 53d Congress and was {ilaced on the committees on interstate and foreign commerce and invalid pen- sions. Upon the expiration of his term as congressman and register, he was complimented by his party by a choice of a renomination and he selected that of register of Hudson county, to which office he was again elected in the fall of 1895. He was a captain in the 4th Regt. N. G. N. J. for seven years; was president of the old Sixth Army Corps vSociety for many years; and in 1883 was elected department commander of the vState G. A. R., serving one term. He is a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion and the Prisoners of War Association of the United States; a member and past commander of Van Houten Post No. 3, G. A. R., of Jersey City, and the first president of the 21st Regt. Veterans Association of the late war, having been elected in February, 1897. He is a Mast)n, holding membership in Bergen Lodge No. 47, F. & A. M., and has also received all the degrees up to and including the 32d. He is also a member of Jersey City Lodge of Elks and of Court Littlejohn, the mother court of Foresters (jf Hudson county. In ist;5 Mr. F'ielder married Eleanor A., the only daughter of Judge John lirinkcrhoff, of Jersey City, and they have two sons: James Fair- man (a member (jf the New Jersey bar, j^racticing in Jersey City) and George Brinkerhoff Fielder. He has occupied his present residence (which he owns) for thirty years, and is the possessor of a valuable library and a choice collection of art and paintings. P. Alhi.rt Voorhkes Van Doren, Princeton, is a son of J. Boyd and Garetta van Doren, and was born in Franklin Park, Middlesex county. sir "*^S^W^'^\ S3gf OSCAR JEFFfcKY. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 241 October 22, 1859. His ancestors on both sides were Holland Dutch immigrants who settled in this country early in the seventeenth cent- ury. He was graduated from Princeton University with the class of 1879, studied in Columbia Law School and with A. Q. Keasby & Sons of Newark, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1885, and as a counselor in February, 1892. In 1888 he was elected recorder of the city of Pasadena, Cal., on the Harrison ticket, and served a term of two years. Soon afterward he returned to New Jersey and settled in the practice of his profession in Princeton. He is counsel for the Prince- ton Savings Bank, the Princeton Bank, and. the Bayhead Land Com- pany. Herbert Boggs, Newark, son of Rev. Edward B. and Elizabeth D. (Deshler) Boggs, was born in Swedesboro, Gloucester county, N, J., June 3, 1853. His great-great-grandfather, James Boggs, came from the North of Ireland to Philadelphia, Pa., in the latter part of the seventeenth century. His great-grandfather, also named James, was a surgeon in the English army during the Revolutionary war and later moved to Nova Scotia. His grandfather, Robert Boggs, was a lawyer in New Brunswick, N. J., for many years, and died there about 1830. Robert Boggs was the first clerk of the United States District Court for New Jersey, of which his uncle, Robert Morris, was the first judge, being appointed by General Washington. Rev. Edward B. Boggs was a graduate of Rutgers College and the General Theological Seminary of New York, became an Episcopal clergyman, and held pastorates in Swedesboro, New Brunswick, and Newark, N. J. Herbert Boggs was graduated from Rutgers College in 1873, attended Columbia Law School for two years, and read law with Parker & Keasby, of Newark. He was admitted to the bar at Trenton as an attorney in November, 1876, and as a counselor in November, 1879, and has always practiced his profession in Newark, being for some years a partner of Alexander Grant. In May, 1896, he was appointed by Mayor Seymour assistant city attorney. He was married in May, 1893, to Frances M., daughter of Henry Le Viness, of New York city. Hon. Abel I. Smith, of Hoboken, is a worthy descendant of ances- tors who figu.red prominently in the early history of New Jersey, and who from their first settlement were active in local affairs and in the development of their respective communities. In 1732 Abel Smith, one of his forefathers, settled on a large tract of land at Secaucus, 242 THK JL'DKMAL AND ClVII, HISTORY OF NKW JKKSP:Y. wliich was then inclmlcd with Ilcjbokcn in ulil lier^^cn county. This land formerly belonj^^cd to the celebrated Wilhain Pinhore and was con- veyed by deed to Abel Smith October 24, 17:52; it has ever since been owned and occupied by a member of the family. Jud^c Smith's grcat- i;randfather, Daniel Smith (son of Abel), served with honor in the Rev- olutionary war as a member of Col. Oliver Spencer's cavalry regiment of the Continental army, an orji^anixation noted for its efiiciency and bravery. The judge's grandfather was John Smith, whose son, Abel I. Smith, sr. , was a private in the war of 1H12 and held many positions of trust and honor in both Bergen and Hudson counties. lie was one of the most prominent and best known citizens of the county until his death in 1805, and was one of the few persons honored by Robert Ste- vens with a pass for life over the HoiM)ken ferry. The original pass, in the handwriting of Mr. Stevens, is now in the possession of the family, and reads: "Abel I. Smith and his wife, if he gets one." Judge Smith, son of Abel T. sr. , was born in Secaucus, Hudson county, X. J., June 12, 18-43, and received his early education in the pnblic schools of his native place. He was for eight years under the tutorship of Rev. William V. V. Mabon, later a professor in the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, and in 18G2 was graduated from Rutgers College. After graduating he commenced the study of law in the office of J. Dickerson Miller, of Jersey City, where he remained four years. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in June, isijiJ, and as a counselor in June, 1873, and in the former year began active practice in the town of Union, Hudson county. In 1808 he opened an office in Hoboken, where he has ever since followed his profession, having since 1S85 John S. Mabon, a son of his early tutor, as a partner. As a Republican, Judge Smith has always taken an active interest in politics, and for many years has been one of the leaders of that party in his native county. In ]8G'J he was elected to the Legislature from the then 8th assembly district of Hudson county, comprising North Bergen, West Hoboken, Weehawken, and the township of Union, being the first Republican chosen from that district, and the only Republi- can member from the county in the Legislature of 1870. At the close of his term he refused to stand for re-election, although he was reason- ably sure of winning. In 1888 he was appointed judge of the district court of Hoboken under Governor Green's administration, and filled that office with dignity and credit until 18'.tl. Of the many cases de- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 243 cided by him few were taken to the higher courts for review, and all but two of these were affirmed. Judge Smith's more than a quarter of a century's connection with Hoboken, and his life-long residence in Hudson county, make the wel- fare and prosperity of these communities of great interest to him. He is one of the ablest members of the Hudson county bar, and being de- voted to his profession has justly attained a wide reputation as a law- yer and jurist. He has confined his practice almost entirely to civil suits in the Court of Chancery and the Circuit, Supreme, and Or- phans' Courts and in the Court of Errors 'and Appeals. In 1804 he was admitted to the bar of the U. S, Circuit and District Courts of New Jersey. He was counsel for the county of Hudson in the important matter of the crossing of the New County Road by the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and also for three of the most prominent improve- ments in Hudson County, namely, the "Bull's Ferry Road," the "Ber- gen Line Road" and the "Bergen Wood Road," For ten years he was counsel for the township of North Bergen in Hudson county; for the last three years counsel for the Jersey City, Hoboken and Rutherford Electric Railway Company; and for three years presi- dent of the Hudson County branch of the State Charities Aid Associa- tion and a member of the committee on laws of the State Association. At his home Judge Smith has a large and valuable collection of continental money and many rare old coins, a number of which have been in the possession of his family since its settlement in America. His collection includes many gold pieces of various countries dating from 1632 to 1800, and a number of Continental coins which were re- cently exhumed at or near the site of the old family homestead at Se- caucus. He also has a large and valuable private library, one book especially noteworthy. This is an old family Bible containing the date of the birth of Mary Bailey, one of his ancestors, in St. Philip's Parish, Bristol, England, in 1653. Judge Smith was married December 7, 1870, to Miss Laura Howell, daughter of Martin A. Howell, a leading citizen of New Brunswick, N. J., and well known throughout the State, being a director in many large corporations, such as the New Jersey Railroad and Transporta- tion Company, the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company, etc. EwAN Merritt, Moimt Holly, a son of Charles and Keziah Merritt, was born in Springfield townshi]!, Burlington county, N. j., Marcli 24, 244 THK .irniriAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NKW JKRSEY. iS23, and died in Mount Holly, in the same county, C)ctober (J, 1874, jjreatly lamented by the whole community. He sjicnt his early life on his father's farm and obtained his education by hard study, chiefly in the academies of his county. For two years he attended Madison University at Hamilton, N. V., but did not comjilete the course and pjraduate. His subsetjiicnt career, however, pro.'ed his education to be solid and lasting and afterward the College of New Jersey at Prince- ton conferred upon him the honorary degree of A. M., thus recognizing his high culture and scholarly attainments. He read law with Hon. Joshua S. Thompson at vSwedesboro, N. J., and sub.sequently with Hon. John L. N. Stratton of Mount Holly, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney at the October term of the Supreme Court, ISoO, and became a counselor in June, 1854. He practiced his profession at Mount Holly, where he was highly esteemed both as a citizen and lawyer. He not only won a foremost place at the bar of his native county, but became one of the eminent practitioners of the State, and was widely known for his legal ability and high personal characteristics. Somewhat early in life he became afflicted with the gout, which troubled him nnjre or less until his death. He was a fine looking man of large physique and inclined to corpulency, and was possessed of great bodily strengtli, without which he could not so sig- nally have triumphed at the bar. Witli this were united great mental power and extraordinary intellectual endowments. Mr. Merritt had not long been in practice before his ability was recognized. He had remarkable powers of memory, was a man of good judgment and of undoubted integrit) in all business relations; an able advocate and genial friend. His honesty and uprightness of character caused him to be universally trusted. He nev^ r designed to mislead the court, hul was always careful to express tc^ them any doubt he might himself entertain with regard to legal principles, thcjugh he thereby detracted from the strength of his own case. This was one of his most striking characteristics. No better tribute can be recorded of Mr. Merritt than that embodied in the proceedings of the Burlington county bar at a meeting held shortly after his death. On this occasion Judge Joseph Carr, his life- long friend, said of him: " In all my intercourse with him I ff)und him a strictly honest and upright man. He was in every sense of the word a good and useful citizen. Especially was he conspicuous for his use fulness in local affairs. Whenever matters were at issue touching the BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 245 public weal he was always prompt and energetic in defence of what he conceived to be for the true interests of the people, giving bold ex- pression to those views which the occasion seemed to demand without regard to his own personal popularity or private advantage. Mr. Merritt was not only a truly upright and conscientious man, but he was in every sense of the term an honest lawyer. His counsel could always be relied upon, and he ever avoided involving his clients in needless and endless litigation. In his practice before this court, I speak not only for myself, but I think for my associates on the bench, in saying that when a question of law was raised and Mr. Merritt presented his views the court were as much influenced to decide in his favor by their knowledge of his character as by the characteristic ability with which his ideas were enforced. They believed that he would not for the sake of success misinterpret the law or misstate the facts. He was one of the most faithful men to his clients that I ever knew. Even pain and sickness of the most serious character would not prevent him from following up his case. I have frequently seen him racked with bodily torture, working with all his zeal and energy to secure justice to those who had engaged him to defend their cause. His character as a man was beyond reproach. He was devoted to duty. He was a generous, warm-hearted friend. When I look at that familiar chair and see that he is no longer in his accustomed place, I know that the community and this court have met with a great loss; that one has been taken away who will always be missed ; that a strong mind has gone, a noble man fallen. When I looked upon him clothed in the habiliments of the tomb I was forcibly struck with the firmness of his countenance in death, indicative of his strength of character in life. As I saw his re- mains deposited in their last resting place in the beautiful St. Andrew's ground, I wondered could this be the last of such a man ; and looking up to the bright blue sky, immortality was brought to light and I knew that though this was the last of earth, his great soul still lives — lives where good deeds and true lives are rewarded forever. " In June, 1853, Mr. Merritt married Miss Catharine C, daughter of John Kempton, of Mount Holly. They had three children, all deceased. Mrs. Merritt died December 13, 1892. William M. Smith, Paterson, born on the 14th of June, 1854, in Paterson, N. J., is a son of Samuel and Alecia (Morrow) Smith, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1874. He read law with 24r, THK .irniriAL and civil history of new JERSEY. VVilli;im Pennin«;t()n, of Patcrson, and was admitted to the bar f)f tliis State in November, 1877. He served as county clerk of Passaic county from 18S1 to ISOl, a period of ten years. S\ i.vKSTKR C. Smi 111, Phillipsburg, i)(>rn in Essex, Conn., April 17, IS.")!, is the son of Henry Gatty and Temperance ]Z. (Griswold) Smith, and was graduated from Lafayette College at Easton, Pa., in the class of 1872. He read law in Phillipsburg, N. J., with B. C. Frost, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in November, 1875, and as a coimselor in November, 1878. He served as prosecutor of the pleas of Warren county from April, 1881, to 1891, and is master and examiner in chancery and a supreme court commissioner. Wii.iiAM Nklson, Paterson, is a grandson of Thomas and Jane (Coulter) Nelson, and the son of William and Susan (Cherry) Nelson, who taught school at one time in Newark, N. J. He was born Febru- ary 10, 1847, and was educated in the pul^lic schools of Newark, grad- uating from the High School in 18G2. In 18G3 he was a reporter on the Newark Daily Mercury. He taught English in a German school in Newark in 1864, and a district school at Connecticut Farms (now Union) in 1865, and on June 19 of the latter year removed to Pater- son, N. J., where for about ten years he was engaged in journalism. In April, 1868, he was elected a member of the Paterson Board of Education and served three years, during which period he was largely instrumental in completely reorganizing the public schools of that city, in elevating the standard of teaching and in causing a great ex- pansion of the system. In May, 1871, he was elected clerk of the Pa.ssaic County Board of Chosen Freeholders, which oflfice he held by annual re-elections (usually without opposition) until May, 1894. He was al.so clerk of the Paterson District Court from 1877 to 1887. When fifteen years of age he began the study of Blackstone, but other occu- pations delayed his admission to the bar until June, 1878. His legal studies were pursued in the oflfice of Hon. John Hopper, of Paterson. He drafted a supplement to the Paterson city charter in 1869, ma- terially altering the provisions relative to the Board of Education. In 1871 he drew up an entirely new charter for the city, on novel lines, which have been retained for the most part. He is the author of fully a hundred important laws now on the statute books of New Jersey, principally relative to State, county and city administration, besides many in the interest of corporations by whom he has been retained, and he has one of the most valuable law libraries in the State. Suiehrrarr P/;£;h:' -^ray^/7'e df. k BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 247 From the first year of bis residence in Paterson he has taken an active interest in politics, and "stumped" the county in behalf of the Republican party from 1865 till 1890, with few exceptions has attended the National, State, Congressional and local conventions with unfailing- regularity, and has written a great deal for New Jersey and New York papers in the same behalf. He has traveled extensively in this coun- try and Europe. His principal recreation is found in literature and history, particularly the history of Paterson and vicinity and of New Jersey. His private library numbers something like 10,000 volumes in all departments of literature, perhaps one-third relating to this State. He was elected a member of the New Jersey Historical Society in 1872, was recording secretary, 1880-90, and has been corresponding- secretary since 1890. He is also a member of the Washington Asso- ciation of New Jersey, the Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey, and of various other historical, learned, benevolent and relig- ious societies. He has edited several volumes of the New Jersey Archives, and has published forty or fifty legal, historical and bio- graphical monographs, among them "Summary of the Law of New Jersey in Relation to Public Bridges," "Fees of Justices and Con- stables in Criminal Cases," " Joseph Coerten Hornblower, Chief Jus- tice of New Jersey, 1832-1846," "Clifford Stanley Sims— Soldier, Statesman, Jurist." A list of his publications is printed in the Report of the American Historical Association for 1894. The honorary de- gree of A. M. was conferred on him by Princeton University in 1896. Mr. Nelson was married July 25, 1889, to Salome Williams Doremus, daughter of Henry C. and Ann Eliza (Banta) Doremus, of Paterson, N.J. Jacob Steinman Stewart, Phillipsburg, born in Alexandria, Pa., March 3, 1849, is a son of John G. and Elizabeth Stewart, and was educated in the public schools of his native town and at the academy at Pine Grove Mills, Pa., and for two years attended Lafayette College at Easton, Pa., but left at the beginning of the junior year in Sep- tember, 1871. He read law in Easton with Matthew Hale Jones, and was admitted there to the bar of Northampton county. Pa., December 8, 1874. He came to the bar of New Jersey at Trenton as an attorney March 1, 1877, and as a counselor February 26, 1880. Richard Randall, Paterson, born in London, England, January 18, 1859, is a son of Thomas W. Randall. His law studies were pursued 248 TIIK JIDICIAI, AND (MVII, IIISToKY (»F NKW .IKKSKY. ill the office of Hon. Frank \'an Clcvc, of I'aicrson, ami he was ad mitted to the bar as an attorney in November, 1885, and as a coun- selor in 1880. He is a master in chancery, and makes a specialty of the practice «>f criminal law. Jacoi; H. Hi.AL'VKi.T, Paterson, born on Aut^usl '4S, 1845, in Paterson, N. J., is a son of Jacob T. and Evelyn -Blauvelt, and was educated in the public and hiyh schools of his native city. The family descended fn)m Cosyn Blauvelt, who came from Holland to New York city be- tween 1030 and 1040. Mr. Blauvelt studied law in the office of Soc- rates Tuttle, but in 1800 became deputy county clerk, a position he held until 1871, when he was elected clerk of Passaic county. He filled the last named office with great credit and ability for a continuous period of ten years, or untill 1881. Since then he has confined his attention to the examination of land titles, for which his long ex- perience in the county clerk's oflfice eminently qualifies him. Augusi 28, 1807, he married Amelia B., daughter of Isaac Schoon- maker, of Paterson, N. J. She is a direct descendant of the first minister of the old Ac([uackn(jnk church in what is ncnv the city of Passaic. Loris Hood, Newark, born February 13, 1857, in Radwonke, Prussia, is the son of Myer S. and Ernestine (Samuel) Hood, and came with his parents to America at a very early age. He was educated in the pub- lic schools of Newark, N. J., and at Yale and Columbia Colleges, read law in New York city with Martin &: Smith, and in Newark with John R. Emety, and was admitted to the New York bar as an attorney and counselor in June, 1880. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey at Trenton as an attorney in November, 188*^, and as a counselor at the same term in 1885. Mr. Hood has been in successful practice in Newark since his ad- mission in this State in 1882, and is universally recognized as an able, careful and conscientious lawyer. He served as special police justice of Newark from January, 1884, to January, 1885, and in April, 1888, became assistant prosecutor of the Essex County Common Pleas, which position he still holds, Ai.i.F.N Brown Endicott, Atlantic City, son of Thomas D. and Ann Endicott, is a lineal descendant on his father's side from the first gov- ernor of Massachusetts and on his mother's side from Governor Pen- nington of New Jersey. He was born at May's Landing, N. J., March BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 249 7, 1857, was educated at Peddie Institute, Hightstown, and the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and read law in Camden with the late Peter L. Voorhees. He was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in June, 1880, and as a counselor in February, 188-1. Mr. Endicott has always practiced his profession in Atlantic City. He is one of the most prominent civil lawyers in South Jersey, and probably enjoys a larger practice in this branch (to which he gives his entire attention) than any other member of the bar in that part of the State. He is a man of great ability, of the strictest integrity and of high legal and personal attainments and is widely esteemed. Through- out New Jersey he is well known. He has been county collector of Atlantic county since April, 1883, and city solicitor of Atlantic City since 1887, and has also been president of the Union National Bank of Atlantic City since its organization. In 1890 he compiled the charter and ordinances of that city. Among the many important law cases with which he has been connected was the contest between the State of New Jersey and Atlantic City as to which should tax electric trolley lines; the condemnation of the water plants in Atlantic City; and the defense of Robert Elder and John Rech, who were charged with murder. On June 8, 1880, Mr. Endicott was married to Miss Ada H., daugh- ter of Rev. J. B. Davis, D. D., of Hightstown, N. J., and four chil- dren have blessed their union. William Allen Stryker, Washington, was born in Hackettstown, N. J., in 1855, and was educated in the seminary at wSchooley's Moun- tain, and the Bryant and Stratton Business College in Newark. He read law with James H. Neighbour, of Dover, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1878, and as a counselor in June, 1890. He was appointed master in chancery by Chancellor Runyon and special mas- ter by Chancellor McGill, and a Supreme Court commissioner in 1893. He is also an attorney and counselor of the United States Supreme Court. Mr. Stryker has resided and practiced his profession in Wash- ington, N. J., since 1878. For several years he was corporation coun- sel of Washington, and in 1893 was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Warren county. He is a Democrat in politics, and a campaign speaker and orator of considerable prominence. He married the youngest daughter of the late William Shields, Chauncey Haven Beasley, Trenton, son of the late Hon. Mercer 250 TMK JUDICIAL AND (MVII, HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Hcasley, chief justice, ami C'allKiinc A. Haven, his wife, was Ijoim July 4, 1858, in Trenton, N. J., vvliere he received his early education in the academy and State Model School. He was j^raduated from Princeton College in 1880, read law with Hon. Henry S, Harris, of Belvidere, and later with Judye Jehiel d. Shipman, of the same place, and was admitted as an attorney at the June term, 1883, and as a counselor at the November term, 1880. He began active practice in Helvidere, Warren county, where, in 1884, he was coun- sel for the Board of Ch(jsen Freeholders. In 1880 he returned to Trenton, where he came into prominence as a criminal lawyer in the Mvatt, KnilTen. Tash, Haddock, Koccis, Shann, Collins, Julia Craig, Kohl, Clancy, Aragio, and Spina, and other noted murder and man- slaughter trials. His experience in civil law is extensive. In April, 1891, he was appointed judge of the District Court of the city of Tren- ton and held this position for the term of five years. He has long been an active and prominent Democrat, and in 1887 was his party's nominee for Congress. Judge Beasley was married in 1880 to Miss Jessie Fleming, daughter of Frederick N. and Pollen D. Fleming, of Stamford, Conn. Charles Arthur Reed, Plainfield, State senator and one of the lead- ing members of the Union county bar, is a son of Hugh B. and Annie E. (Thompson) Reed, and was born in Fort Wayne, Ind. , December 4, 1857. In 180G the family removed to New Jersey, settling first in New- ark and sub.sequently on a farm in the county of Somerset. Mr. Reed received his preparatory education at a grammar school in New Brunswick and completed his studies at Rutgers College in the class of 1878, but did not graduate. He read law with Judge John D. Bartinc of Somerville, and at Columbia Law School and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in June, 1882, and to the bar of Lu/.erne county, Pa., as attorney and counselor in 1883. He then tried and passed the civil service examination with a view to acquiring practical experience in patent law, but instead, in January, 1884, accepted a position in the war department at Washington, D. C. In July follow- ing he resigned and was appointed special examiner of pensions in the Department of the Interior, in which capacity he served one year. In 1885 Mr. Reed began the active practice of law as a partner of Hon. Alvah A. Clark of Somerville, and very soon won a reputation as an able advocate. This partnership was dissolved in the fall of 1887 BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 251 and since then he has successfully practiced his profession in Plainfield, residing in the borough of North Plainfield, which he has served as corporation counsel for the past ten years. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as counselor in February, 1888, and in the fall of 1894, formed with William A. Coddington, the present law firm of Reed & Coddington. Though one of the younger members of the Union county bar, Mr. Reed has for several years been one of its recognized leaders. He has had a large general practice in all the courts of the State, and among the many noteworthy cases with which he has been connected as counsel may be mentioned the celebrated Job Male will case, the Hyde vs. French trial and the wSarah M. Lattimer will case. He has also been for some time an active and prominent Republican and in 1890 received his party's nomination for State senator. In 1895 he was elected to the New Jersey Assembly and served wuth great credit during the session of 1896, being chairman of the committees on boroughs and borough commissions and on incidental expenses. The latter committee distinguished itself by keeping the incidental expense account lower than ever before or since in the history of the wState. In November, 1896, he was elected State senator from Somerset county for the term of three 3'ears and during the session of 1897 was chair- man of the joint comuiittee on public printing, and also of the Senate committee on boroughs and borough commissions, which revised the borough laws of the State. In all these capacities Senator Reed has borne a conspicuous part, espousing the cause of right and justice and winning the approbation of all classes of citizens irrespective of party. At home he is universally esteemed as an enterprising, public spirited and progressive citizen, and is president of the Park Club, the leading social organization of North Plainfield. Mr. Reed was married on the 4th of October, 1887, to Miss Katherine L. Clark, daughter of his former law partner, Hon. Alvah A. Clark, of Somerville. John Rogers Beam, Paterson, born December 19, 1850, in Paterson, N. J., is the son of David B. and Jane (Stitt) Beam, and was graduated from Brown University in 1872. He read law with Thomas D. Hoxsey and Henry A. Williams, and was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court as an attorney November 4, 1875, and as a counselor November 7, 1878. He has been in active practice in Paterson since 1875, and since 462 TlIK JUniClAL AND ClVII, IIISToKY OF NEW JRRSp:Y. 1892 has been a member <>t the firm of Penninj^ton & Beam, wliich was orij^inally organized about 1SS4 as Harkalow, Pennini^ton & Beam. John RvriiiioM Ramsky, Ilackensack, born in Wyckoff, Bcr^^en county, X. J., where he resides, Ajiril 25, 1S(52, is a son of John P, and Martha (Rathbone) Ramsey, and received a private educatif)n under Prof. Jolm C. Nash, of Parkersburg, W. Va. He read law in tlie office of rieorjje H. CotTey, attorney for the late Hon. William Walter Phelps, and also with the late A, D. Campbell, of Hackensack, and was ad- mitted to the New Jersey bar before the vSupreme Court as an attorney at November term, 1883, and as a counselor in February, 1887. Since his admi.ssion he has practiced in Ilackensack. Mr. Ramsey was candidate on the Republican ticket for clerk of Hcrj^en county in 1890, but was defeated by about 400, the county jijoint;: 1,200 Democratic. November 5, 1895, he was elected to that office by 961 majority over Walter Christie, the Democratic nominee, and was sworn in on the IHth of the .same month. H.vkMON P. Tu.MsoN, Trenton, born in Mount Horeb, Somerset county, X. J., January 24, 18^9, is a son of Harmon H. and Sarah l-. Tunison, and was educated in the State School and Trenton P>usiness College. He read law with George D. Scuddcr, son of the late justice of the Supreme Court, Edward W. Scudder, at Trenton, and was ad- mitted to the bar there as an attorney June 7, 1894. FosTKR M. VooRHEKS, EHzabcth, whose ancestors came from Holland to Long Island about KiGO, is a son of Xalhanicl W. and Naomi (Leigh) Voorhees, and was born in Clinton, N. J., November 5, 1850. His father was admitted to the New Jersey bar in 1854, but never practiced. Mr. Voorhees was graduated from Rutgers College in 1870, and after teaching in a grammar school there for one year he began the study of law with Magic (S: Cross, of Elizabeth. He was admitted as an attorney in June, ISSO, and has always practiced his profession in IClizabeth, where he has become one of the foremost members of the Union county bar. He served with distinction in the New Jersey As.sembly in 1888, 1889 and 1S90, and since the fall of 189:} has held the office of State senator from his coimty, being re-elected in 1S9(;. In 1S!I4 he was ten- dered the appointment of Circuit Court judge by Covernor Werts, and later Clovernor Criggs offered him a clerksnip in the Court of Chancery, but Mr. Voorhees declined both honors in preference for his large gen- eral law practice. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 253 In the House of the Assembly he was leader of the minority in 1889 and 1890, and was twice nominated by his party (Republican) for speaker. In the Senate he has been the minority leader since 1895, He was a prominent member of the Elizabeth Board of Education for five years. Alan Hartwell Strong, New Brunswick, is the second son of Hon. Woodbridge Strong, one of the foremost members of the Middlesex bar, and was born on the 5th of March, 1856, in New Brunswick, N. J., where he has always resided. He springs from some of the most noted lines of ancestry in this country, several of them dating back to the first settlement of New England. He is of almost unmixed Puritan descent. On his father's side he is a lineal descendant of Elder John Strong (the progenitor of most of the name in America), who came from England in 1630 and settled at Dorchester, Mass. Among his paternal ancestors he also counts the famous John Eliot, apostle to the Indians, and Governors Dudley of Massachusetts, Leete of Connecticut and Brenton of Rhode Island. He bears the same degree of collateral relationship to Nathan Hale, the patriot, as that gloried in by the Hon. Edward Everett Hale. His mother was Harriet Anne Hartwell, of Littleton, Mass. She is descended from William Hartwell, who settled at Concord, Mass., in 1036. Her grandfather, John Hartwell, was a minuteman and private in Captain Brooks's regiment of Massachusetts Militia, while her maternal grandfather, Seth Walker, served with dis- tinction throughout the Revolutionary war from second lieutenant to the grade of captain. As lieutenant-colonel he was placed by Gov. John Langdon in 1809 in command of all the militia of the State of New Hampshire to enforce the Embargo act. Hon. Woodbridge and Harriet A. (Hartwell) Strong are both descended from Anthony Dix, who landed at Plymouth in 1623, coming in the ship "Ann." John Dix and vSamuel Warren, great-grandfathers of the subject of this sketch, were minutemen who fought in the ever famous " Lexington Alarm," when the shot was fired that echoed round the world. Mr. Strong is a member of the New York Society of the vSons of the Revo- lution. Alan H. Strong was graduated with honor from Rutgers College in the class of 1874. He had already determined upon the law as a profes- sion, and immediately after graduating commenced his legal studies in his father's office, where he rapidly and thoroughly acquired that 264 TMK .II'DICIAL AND OTVII, lIISTollV OF NEW JERSEY. knowledge which has since made him eminent at the bar. He was licensed as an attorney at the November term of the New Jersey Su- preme Court in 1ST7, soon after becominj,^ of aj^'^e, and was made a coun- selor at the same term in ISSO. On his admission in 1877 he formed a copartnership with his father and elder brother, Edward W., under the firm name of \Vot)dl)ridj4e .Strong cV Sons which continued under the same name, though with a change in membership, until the appoint- ment of the senior member as judj^e of the Middlesex County Court in 18ii0. Edward W. vStrong withdrew in 1SS5 and nmioved to Cincin nati, Ohio, to enter into partnership with his father-in-law, William P. McClintock, of Cincinnati and Chillicolhe, whom he subsequently suc- ceeded as solicitor to the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern Railroad. In 1880 Theodore Strong, another brother, entered the firm, which became in IS'.M) Alan H. tV Theodore Strong, Judge Strong at that time assuming his duties on the bench. Though comparatively a young man Alan 11. Strong has already attained distinction as a prominent member of the New Jersey bar, and is one of the best known lawyers in the State. His chief characteris- tic, perhaps, is his untiring and unswerving devfition to his profession. He has repeatedly declined to accept public office, though frequently urged by the better elements of both political parties to do so. Twice he was oflfered the nomination for State vSenator from the county of Middlesex. In every instance, however, he preferred the practice of the law, in which he has won a high reputation and a wide circle of friends. The only post of a public nature that he has accepted was that of commissioner of New Brunswick under the Martin act, to which he was appointed by the late Justice Scudder. In April, 1895, he was appointed by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company their solicitor for the G:kl, G4th and Coth districts, embracing the counties of Mercer, Hunterdon, Warren, Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean, Somerset and Un- ion. He succeeded Hon. William S. Gummere, who had been ap- pointed a justice of the Supreme Court of that State. Mr. Strong sustains in full measure the noblest and loftiest charac- teristics of his race, a race that has been noted for generations for its purity of manhood and womanhood, for its singleness of purpose and strict integrity and for its patriotism, loyalty and umblemished reputa- tion. Inheriting personal and mental qualifications of a high order he has by his own efforts, won eminence and honor, and is recognized as one of the ablest lawyers of New Jersey. His briefs and legal docu- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 255 ments are models, possessing not only luminous, clear, and logical in- terpretations of the law, but evidences of unusual literary ability and thorough scholarship. His reasoning is cogent and indicative of hard study. As a citizen he has always taken a keen interest in the public welfare, supporting and encouraging every good movement, and using his influence for the best interests of the community ; and a number of local institutions have been materially assisted by his efforts and means. Modest and unassuming, he has never sought public prefer- ment of any kind, but he has unceasingly labored for the moral ad- vancement and substantial prosperity of his native city and county. His tastes are purely domestic. His favorite relaxation is in reading and he is widely acquainted with the English classics. He was married in Grace Church Chantry, New York city, on April 17, 1893, to Miss Susan de Lancey Cullen Van Rensselaer, daughter of John Cullen and Cornelia J. (Codwise) Van Rensselaer, formerly of New York and subsequently of New Brunswick, N. J. William R. Wilson, Elizabeth, son of William, is of Scotch-Irish de- scent, and was born in 1853 in Elizabeth, N. J., where he received a public school education. He read law in his native city with Magie & Cross, was graduated from Columbia Law School in 1875, and was ad- mitted to the bar as an attorney in November, 1875, and as a counselor in November, 1878. He is a Democrat, and in 1880 was appointed city attorney of Elizabeth, an office he held one year. In 1881 Gover- nor Ludlow appointed him prosecutor of the pleas of Union county, which position he filled with great distinction for ten years. He came into prominence not only in the conduct of criminal trials, but espe- cially in the celebrated race track cases, in which he was one of the very first in the vState to take an active part as prosecutor. He is a thirty-second degree Mason and past master of Orient Lodge, No. 126, and past high priest of Washington Chapter, of Elizabeth. William Maxson Stillman, Plainfield, son of Charles H. and Mary E. (Starr) Stillman, was born in Plainfield, N. J., November 23, 185('>, and was graduated from the high school of his native city in 1872 and from Rutgers College in 1877. He read law with Judge William J. Magie, of Elizabeth, was graduated from Columbia Law School in 1879, and was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton as an attor- ney in June, 1880, and as a counselor three years later. He served as city judge of Plainfield in 1889-90, and was connected as counsel with 25G TIIK Jl'DK'IAL AND CIVIl. IlISToltY oF NEW JERSEY. the well-known Job Male will case. He has been a director and the secretary of the Plain field Public Library for the past fifteen years, a direct«)r and the counsel of the First National Bank of Plainfield for about ci;;ht years, counsel for the Home Huiklinj^ and Loan Associa- tion of Plaintield since its organization in 1888 and for the Plainfield Lanil Ini])rovcnient Conii)any for al)out eight years, and executor and trustee of the George H. Babcock and Peter Wooden estates of Plain- field. He is also a trustee of the S. D. Baptist Memorial I'^ind, the .American Sabbath Tract Society, and the vS. D. Baptist church of Plainrteld, and a member of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Phi Beta Kappa Society. March 4, 1887, he married Elizabeth B., daughter of Isaac B. and Elizabeth (Copeland) Atwood, of Cambridge, Mass. Ho.N. Hi NKV M. Nkvius, Red Bank, ncjw Circuit Court judge presid- ing in Hudson county, was born January 31, 1841, in Freehold town- .ship, Monmouth county, N. J. He is a grandson of David Nevius, who was a brother of Judge James S. Nevius, for upwards of fourteen years a judge of the Supreme Court of the vState of New Jersey. The subject of this sketch was the son of James S. and Hannah Bowne Xevius. His father was a prominent farmer of Monmouth county and Judge Nevius spent his boyhood engaged in such occupations as or- dinarily fall to the lot of the farmer's .son. The rigor and healthful- ness of this life gave him strength and physical vigor which has always stood him in good stead. His earlier training as a student he received at the Freehold Insti- tute and afterwards matriculated at the High School, Grand Rapids, Mich., with a view of preparing for admission to Ann Arbor Univer- sity. In the spring of 1861, however, he determined to enter upon the study of law and entered the oflRce of E. Smith, jr., and Gen. Rus- sell Alger, as a student, at Grand Rapids. He had hardly entered this new field of activity when the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion interrupted his plans. In response to one of the earliest calls for vol- unteers he enlisted in July, 18G1, in the company being organized at Grand Rapids. This company afterwards became known as Co. K, of the 1st N. Y. Lincoln Cavalry. He entered the. service as a private in the ranks, where in consequence of his courage and capacity he won for himself promotion. In January, 1863, he was made second lieu- tenant of Co. D, 7th Mich. Cav. This regiment and 1st, 5th and 0th BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 257 Mich. Cav. were the brilliant instruments by which Gen. George A, Custer won fame for himself and splendid achievement for the com- mon cause in the campaign with the Army of the Potomac. In the winter of 1863-04 Jndge Nevius resigned his commission and a few months afterward re- enlisted as a private in the 25th N. Y. Cav. Regt. Promotion followed almost immediately, and as first lieutenant he did much efificient and courageous service. At the time of Early's raid Lieutenant Nevius was stationed at Washington, and during the en- gagement in front of Fort Stevens on the 11th of July, 1864, he was severely wounded in his left arm. In consequence of this injury the arm was afterwards amputated. For conduct in this battle, which was conspicuous for bravery, he was promoted to the rank of major. Though the injury just referred to disqualified him for active service, and though much time was spent in the hospital, he still remained in the service on detached duty until July, 1865. When peace had been declared he returned to his native county and at Marlboro, near the place of his birth, he established himself in the insurance business. From 1866 to 1868, in connection with this busi- ness he filled the position of assessor of internal revenue for the dis- trict then comprising Monmouth county. In 1868 he again determined to enter upon the study of law, and as a student entered the office of Gen. Charles Haight, of Freehold, where he remained until he received his license as a practicing attorney in February, 1873. He immediately entered actively upon his chosen profession at Freehold, and there re- mained for two years, when he entered into partnership with Hon. John S. Applegate, of Red Bank. This law firm continued for several years, when it was dissolved by mutual consent. Judge Nevius con- tinued his vocation alone and enjoyed a large and lucrative business. In 1888 he entered into a partnership with Edmund Wilson, a former student, and this relation lasted until Judge Nevius was appointed to a place upon the bench. He was admitted as a counselor in 1876. His active service at the bar made him conspicuous as a trier of causes and his great earnestness and eloquence brought him many vic- tories. Governor Griggs, in 1896, in recognition of his attainments and character, appointed him Circuit Court judge, and he was assigned for services to Hudson county, where he is at present presiding. His career on the bench has made it manifest that he is a lover of justice. His willingness to preside continuously, his uniform courtesy to the bar, his ability to grasp and state tersely the legal principles in- 258 THK Jl'DICIAl. AND CIVII. IIISTOIIY OK NKW JKKSEY. volved. have combined l«> make his court a popular arena for litij^M- jjation. His political alViliations have always been with the Republican party. With uncompn)misinj^ faith in its principles he has always been one. of its stronj^est sui)portcrs in the county and State where he lived. He was never an aspirant for oflice and many times declined nominations which were freely ICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NKW JERSEY. In l)ecenil)er. IST'.I, he was married to Miss Mary 15., dauji^hter of John J. Hinchinan of Brooklyn. X. V. They have four daughters and two sons. 'iKORCE S. Poi.i.Aki), Newark, was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton, as an attorney in November, 1S70, and is a master in chan- cery, lie is associated in active jiractice with the well known law firm of Riker iS: Rikcr, of Newark. Jon.N \'. B.vroi, Jersey City, is of Huguenot descent, and a son of Robert C. Bacot and Mary Gilchrist, his wife. He was born in Jersey City, read law there with the late Attorney-General Robert Gilchrist and with Chancellor Alexander T. McGill, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in February, 1881, and as a counselor in February, 18S4 He is especially prominent in corporation law, having successfully con- ducted a large number of important cases in that branch of the pro- fession. He resides in Orange, N. J. Hkxry Wii.son Gi f.dhii.i,, Patcrson, is a son of William Gledhill and Mary Hopper, his wife, and was born in Pater.son, N. J., November 1), ISfU. He was educated in his native city in the school of James D. Donnell, attended Princeton College for a little more than a year, and read law in Paterson with William Prall. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey, as an attorney in June, 1S8S, and as a counselor in June, 1891, and has achieved success and prominence in the practice of his profession During the sessions of 1800 and 1807 he served as a mem- ber of the House of the Assembly and won a State reputation for his active work in that body. fi.vKKF.r A. HoiiAKr, LL I)., Paterson, i)orn on tiieikl of June, 1844, at Long Branch, Monmouth county, N. J., was graduated from Rut gers College, and read law with the late Socrates Tuttle in Patersf)n. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, IS(iO, and as a counselor in June, 18T1. lie served as city coun.scl of I'ater- son in 18T1, was elected member of assembly from the third district of Passaic county in 1S72 and re-elected in 187;j, and was chosen speaker of that body in 1874. In 187*5 he was elected vState senator by a ma- jority of 1,800, and three years later was re elected to the Senate by a majority of 1,800. During his six years' service in the Senate he was twice its president and was a member of the more im]wrtant commit- tees, being chairman of the judiciary committee in ls70 and ISSO. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 263 In 1883 he received the nomination of United States senator and since 1884 has been a member of the National Republican Committee. In all these positions he served with conspicuous ability and great credit. In 1896 he was nominated and triumphantly elected vice-president of the United States, and with President-elect William McKinley was sworn into office at Washington March 4, 1897. In 1896 he also received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Rutgers College, of which he is a trustee. Alfred Elmer Mills, Morristown, was born July 22, 1858, in Mor- ristown, N. J., where he has always resided, and is the son of Alfred Mills and Katharine Elmer, his wife. An extended sketch of his father, one of the foremost members of the New Jersey bar, appears in this volume. Mr. Mills received his preparatory education at Trinity School at Tivoli-on-the-Hudson, and was graduated with honors from Princeton College, receiving the degree of A. B. in 1882 and that of A. M. in the course of 1885. He read law with his father, at Morristown, with whom he has been associated in practice since his admission to the bar. He was admitted as an attorney at the June term of the Supreme Court, 1886, and became a counselor at the same term in 1889. Mr. Mills is one of the ablest and most prominent of the younger members of the Morris county bar, and in a number of important cases has distinguished himself as a shrewd and talented lawyer. He was cor- poration counsel of Morristown from the spring of 1892 to the spring of 1894, and is now (1897) treasurer of the Washington Association of New Jersey. Allen R. Shay, Newton, represents the fifth generation of his fam- ily in Sussex county, whither they originally came from Ireland. Tim- othy E, Shay, his father, who married Catharine Layton, held several local offices, and was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly in 1851, 1852 and 1853. Allen R. Shay was born in Sandyston town- ship, Sussex county, N. J., August 10, 1850, and was graduated from Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn., receiving the degree of A. B. in 1872 and that of A. M. in course in 1875. From 1872 to 1875 he was principal of the public schools in Hamburg, N. J. He read law in Newton with Thomas Kays and Charles J. Roe, being a student and managing clerk in the latter's office from March, 1876, to Jan.^iary 1, 1880, since which time he has been engaged in active practice in 264 THK jrniCI \I, AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NKW JEKSE7. that town. Mc was licensed as an attorney in Fel)rnary, 1877, and be- came a counselor in June, IKSO. He was counsel for the Sussex County Hoard of Chosen Freeholders from 18SI to 1883, and a member and director of that body from May, 1883, to May, 1885. Mr. Shay married, first, January 10, 1883, Amanda J., dau;,dUer of Luther Hill, of Newton. She died in August, 188l», leavinj^ three children. Henry D., Ivmnia W. and llulda J. Shay, On December 2(>, 18".»3, he married, second, Miss Cora Shinier, for several years a teacher in the Newton public schools. Ivi>MrNi) Drake H.alsky, Morristown, son of Samuel Beach Halsey and vSarah Dubois, his wife, was born September 11, 1840, at Rock- away, Morris county, N. J., and died at the same place, October 11, 181)6. Dr. Abraham Halsey, his {grandfather, born in Hanover, N. J., February 10, 17G4, served in the Revolutionary war, studied and after- wards practiced medicine at Hopewell, N. V., married Mary Beach, and died May 7, 1822. He was a kind-hearted, useful citizen, a man of broad intellectual attainments, and a liberal promoter of education and all worthy movements. Samuel Beach Halsey was born at Fish- kill, N. Y., July 24, 1796, and was of the seventh generation from Thomas Halsey, the Pilgrim, who was born January 2, 1592, in Lon- don, England, and where he became a mercer. Thomas is recorded as the owner of 100 acres of land at Lynn, Mass., in 1637; in 1640 he became one of the founders of Southampton, L I., the first English town in New York vState. His first wife, Phebe, was murdered by the Pecpiot Indians in 1649. Samuel Beach Halsey was graduated from Union College in 1815 and read law in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., with Hon. James Talmage, who, as governor, appointed him an aide-de- camp in 1817. He was admitted to the New York bar October 30, 1818, was twice elected to the Legislature from Dutchess county, and in 1834 removed to Rockaway, N. J., and engaged in iron manufac- turing. He was elected to the Assembly from Morris county in 1841, and was re-elected in 1S43 and served as speaker. P'rom 1846 to 1851 he was a judge of the Court of Common pleas. H6 died September 15, 1871. Edmund D. Halsey was prepared for college at Phillips Academy at Andover, Mass., and was graduated at Princeton with the philosophical oration in 1S60. He read law with his brother, Samuel vS., from I860 tolS62, when he enlisted in Co. K, 15th N. J. Vols., and served at the i AARON E. JOHNSTON. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 265 front until 1865, becoming adjutant in 1864. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in November, 1865, and as a counselor in 1869, and practiced in Morristown with his preceptor-brother until 1875 and after that alone till his death. He was a strong Republican, an able, learned lawyer, and a man of rare business ability, and de- voted himself largely to practice in the Orphans' Courts and to the management of estates. In 1875 and 1876 he served as a member of the New Jersey Assembly, and at the time of his death was president of the National Iron Bank and director of several other financial in- stitutions in Morris county. He wrote and published a history of the 15th Regiment and many other historical pamphlets. Garret Dorset Wall, Trenton and Burlington, was the fourth child of James Wall, an officer in the Revolutionary war, and the fifth in descent from Walter Wall, who settled in Monmouth county, N. J., in 1657. He was born in Middletown township, Monmouth county, in 1783, and when fifteen came to Trenton, where he read law in the office of Gen. Jonathan Rhea, then clerk of the Supreme Court. Mr. Wall was admitted as an attorney in 1804 and as a counselor in 1807, and began the practice of his profession in Trenton. In 1812 he was elected clerk of the Supreme Court and served five years. He was also a lieutenant and captain in the war of 1812, and in 1820 was called to the bar as a sergeant-at-law. In 1822 and again in 1827 he was elected to the New Jersey Assembly from old Hunterdon county, and in 1829 was elected by the Legislature as governor of the State, but declined the honor. In 1829 President Jackson appointed him United States district attorney for New Jersey, which position he held several years. He was elected United States senator in 1834, and in 1848 was made a member of the bench of the Court of Errors and Appeals. He served in this capacity until his death in November, 1850. Judge Wall was an able lawyer and an eminent jurist and achieved a lasting reputation. He was active in establishing Burlington Col lege and served some time as a member of its Board of Trustees. Nathan Clarence Horton, Orange, born in Chester, Morris county, N. J., November 1, 1869, is the son of David Lewis and Mary P. (Dil- dine) Horton, and a great-great-grandson of Nathan Horton, a captain in the Revolutionary war, through whom he is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution. He received his preliminary education at the Blair Presbyterial Academy of Blairstown, N. J., and in 1887 was grad- nn 266 Tin-: JrDKMAl. AND riVII- HISTORY OF NKW JERSEY. uatcil with honor tn)iu the Slate M«Klel School at Trenton, where he was one of the founders and editors of The vSi^nal, now the oHicial or^an of tliat institution. He read hiw with Artliur W. Ilorton, of Philadelphia. l*a., received the de}.,Mee of LL. B. from the law depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania in 18S!», and was admitted to practice in the Philadelphia courts as an attorney and counselor No- vember 1, 18U(), and to the bar of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in January, ISIK}. He be^an practice in Philadelphia and from 1889 to 18*J:;i also edited and managed the Insurance News. In February, 18'J2, he was admitted to the bar of New Jersey and in the followin}^ Septem- ber settled in Orange, where he has since practiced his profession, and where he served as city counsel one year, 1803-114:. He has always done connsiderable literary work, and while in the University of Penn- sylvania was the editor of the law department of the Pennsylvanian, the collegfe paper. He is a member of Union Lodge No. 11, F. & A. M., of Orange, and lieutenant of Co. I, 2d Regt., N. G. N. J, WiLLi.x.M S. GuM.MERE, Ncwark, is a son of the late Barker Gummere and was born in Trenton, N. J., in June, 1852. He was educated in the old Trenton Academy and the Lawrenceville School, was graduated from Princeton College in 1870, and pursued his legal studies with his father, being admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court as an attorney in June, 1873, and as a counselor in June, 187(;. He subsecjuently be- came a special and advisory master in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner. Judge Gummere began the practice of his profession in Trenton in partnership with (i. D. \V, Vroom, and subseriuently came to Newark as a partner of his uncle, the late Governor Parker. Later he was ass<^ciated with Oscar Keen. He rapidly won a foremost place at the bar, and became one of the ablest and most prominent lawyers in the State. In politics he is a Republican. On February 18, 1895, Gover- nor Werts appointed him a justice of the vSupreme Court of New Jer- sey, for a term of seven years, to succeed the late Justice Abbett, and the appointment was unanimously confirmed by the Senate on Febru- ary 19. Prior to this he was counsel for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for South and West Jersey, being appointed to succeed Judge Edward T. Green in tliat capacity. M.AKTiN Philip Grey, Camden, vice-chancellor, is a brother of Hon. Samuel H. Grey, attorney-general of New Jersey, and a son Philip BIOGRA^PHICAL REGISTER. 267 James Grey, who was the second son of Martin and Eliza (Derham) Grey, and who was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1798. Philip James Grey came with his father to America when a child, and became one of the leading editors in this State and a prominent Republican. He was secretary of state, long- collector of the Port of Camden, for fifteen years a judge of the Common Pleas of Camden county, and from 1833 to 1860 editor of the West Jerseyman, formerly the Camden Mail. He died in Camden January 8, 1875. In 182ii he was married at Wood- bury, N. J., to Rachel, daughter of Jacob Glover, a surrogate of Glou- cester county. After her death he married, in 1834, Sarah Woolston, daughter of Isaac Stephens, and they had two sons, Samuel H. and Martin P., and two daughters, Mary G. and Anne. Martin P. Grey was born in Camden, N. J., December 20, 1841, was educated in the public schools of his native city and Philadelphia, read law with the late Abraham Browning, of Camden, and came to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in June, 1863, and as a counselor in June, 1866 He began the practice of his profession in Salem, N. J., where he continued until January 1, 1887, when he came to Camden and formed a copartnership with his brother, Samuel H. The firm of Grey & Grey continued in successful practice until May, 19, 1896, when Mar- tin P. Grey was appointed by Chancellor McGill as vice-chancellor. He has always been a Republican, and in 1872 was a presidential elector on the Grant ticket. Like his brother, he has achieved eminent success at the bar, and as an advocate and jurist is widely respected and esteemed. September 25, 1862, he was married in Christ Church, Philadelphia, to Julia Hubley, daughter of Charles C. Potts, of that city. John T. Nixon, Bridgeton, son of Jeremiah S., was born in Fairton, Cumberland county, N. J., August 31, 1820, and when a child moved with his father to Bridgeton. He was graduated from the College of New Jersey in 1841, spent a brief period in Princeton as a teacher of languages and in Staunton, Va., as a private tutor, and was ad- mitted to the bar of that State in 1845. Returning to his native county he was admitted to the New Jersey bar and began active practice in copartnership with the late Charles E. Elmer, and rapidly rose to the front rank in the profession. In 1849 he was elected to the Leg- islature, and in 1850 was re-elected and became speaker of the House. In 1858 he was elected to Congress, as an independent candidate, and in 1860 was re-elected as a Republican. He prepared successi\^e edi- 2rs TIIK irniClAL AN'I) ("IVII, HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. lions "I ii!c iMi;i>i i.i llie vStatute Laws of the State, and was also the author of Nixon's Forms. In May, 1S70, President Grant appointed him judjijeof the U. S. District Court to succeed Jud^e Field, deceased, and he held that office with distinjjfuishcd ability until his death. He became a trustee of the College of New Jersey in 18G4, and a director of the Princeton Theoloj^ical Seminary in 1883, and received the de- jfree of LL. I), from the former institution in 1877. He was one of the four residuary lej^atees of the estate of John C. Green, was a delegate to the Pan- Presbyterian Council at Edinburgh in 1877, frequently represented his Presbytery in the (xeneral Assembly of the Presbyte- rian church, and was one of the committee appointed to revise its pres- ent Book of Di.scipline. He was elected a member of the New Jersey Historical Society May 15, 1873, and for several years served as its first vice president. He died while on a summer vacation at Stockbridge, Mass., September 28, 1889. In 18.")1 Judge Ni.xon married Mary H., the youngest daughter of lion. Lucius (J C. Elmer, who survives him. Lkwis J. Martln, Newton, is the son of James J. and Eleanor A. (McCoy) Martin, a grandson of Humphrey Martin, of Deckertown, and a great-grandson of Nathaniel Martin, a Revolutionary soldier, and was born in Wantage, near Deckertown, Sussex county, N. J., Feb- ruary 22, 1844. His father was clerk of Sussex county from Novem- ber. 1S51>, until his death in January, 18G9, at the age of fifty-three. Mr. Martm was educated at the Deckertown district school and in Newton under Miss Susan McCarter, and was graduated from the Newton Collegiate Institute in 1802. He then entered the Sussex county clerk's office under his father's administration, but soon began the study of law with John Linn and later with Linn & Shepherd, of Newton. He was admitted to the bar as an attorney in February, 1HC»7, and practiced in Branchville, N. J., for three months, when he returned to Newton and assumed charge of the county clerk's office, his father being in ill health. On his father's death he was appointed by Governor Randolph as county clerk to fill the unexpired term. In February, 1870, he entered upon the active practice of his profession in Deckertown, where he remained until September 1, 1892, when he returned to Newton, where he has since resided. He was appointed law judge of Sussex county by Governor Ludlow on April 1, 1881, and was reappointed by Governor Abbett in 1880 and again in 1K91, holding BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 269 the office continuously for fifteen years. His legal ability and eminent personal qualifications have won him distinction as a lawyer and jurist. He was appointed by Chancellor Runyon a special master in chancery, and for more than fifteen years he was a director of the Farmers' Na- tional Bank of Deckertown. He is now (1897) chairman of the Town Committee of Newton and attorney for the Board of Chosen Freehold- ers of Sussex county. October 14, 1868, Judge Martin married Frances M., daughter of George C. Shaw, of Sussex county. Jacob Rynier Wortendyke, Jersey City, was born of Holland an- cestry at Pascack, Bergen county, N. J., November 27, 1818. He was graduated from Rutgers College, and spent about ten years of his earlier life as a school teacher. He also mastered the Hebrew lan- guage, while reading law with the late Hon. M. M. Knapp, of Hacken- sack, and translated the Book of Genesis into English. He continued his legal studies with Hon. A. O. Zabriskie, in Jersey City, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1853, and as a counselor in Feb- ruary, 1800. He began practice as a partner of Mr. Zabriskie. In the spring of 1856 he was elected an alderman of Jersey City, and in the fall was elected to Congress from the Fifth New Jersey District. In 1860 he was chosen a water commissioner of Jersey City, and from 1861 to 1863 was president of the board, a position he also held in 1868. He became a member and the president of the Riparian Com- mission of New Jersey in 1864, president of the Fifth Ward Savings Bank of Jersey City in 186.5, and a trustee of Rutgers College in 1862. He was also one of the original managers of the State Geological Sur- vey, had charge of numerous estates, and was a member of the Gen- eral Synod of the Reformed church in 1860 and 1866 and one of its Board of Publication and Executive Committee. Mr. Wortendyke was an able, industrious lawyer, a respected citi- zen, an earnest and devout Christian and a man of the highest integrity and probity of character. He died November 7, 1868. On June 2, 1853, he married Susan Jane, daughter of Nicholas Doremus, of Pomp- ton Plains, N. J. jAiMES Sproat Green, Princeton, was a son of Dr. Ashbel Green, and was born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 22, 1792. He was graduated from Dickinson College in 1811, read law with Hon. George Wood, and was licensed as an attorney in 1817 and as a counselor in 1821. In 1834 he 27M TIIK .ITDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NP:W JERSEY was called U) the rank of scrgeaiU-at law. He soon acquired an exten- sive practice in all the courts of the State, and for many years held an eminent position at the bar. For several terms from 1829 he rep- resented the old county of Somerset in the State Legislature, where he was active and useful as a law maker, and as such was also an ex officio member of the Court of Appeals. He held the post of reporter of the Supreme Court from 1831 to 18;{0; was United States district attorney by api)ointment of President Jackscjn until the election of Harrison in 1840; and was nominated by President Tyler as secretary of the treasury, but with others failed of confirmation in the opposition Senate. He was professor of the law department of Princeton Col- lege from 1847 to ISao, was a trustee of that institution from 1828 until his death, and for many years was treasurer of the Theological Seminary at Princeton. He was one of the original directors of the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company, and was also treasurer of the joint Railroad and Canal Companies. He died Novembers, 1802. Mr. (ireen was one of the foremost men of the State in his day. He was an able lawyer, and as such achieved a brilliant reputation. As a legislator and statesman he rose to eminence, and during his en- tire career enjoyed universal confidence and respect. RonKRT E. Stki'Hanv, Atlantic City, born at Egg Harbor City, N. J., October 6, 1872, is a son of August and Louise Stephany, and was graduated from the public schools in his native town in May, 1887. He read law in Atlantic City with liis father, and was admitted as an attorney at the November term, 1894. Since January 1, 1895, he has been associated in practice with his father. He is first lieutenant of the Morris (iuards, of Atlantic City, the leading military organization of southeast New Jersey. C. Hkrvey Skillman, Lambertville, is a son of Charles A. and Sarah A. vSkillman, and was born in Lambertville, N. J., July 10, 1857. He was educated at the State Model School in Trenton, .studied law with his father in his native town, at the old Law Department of Lafayette College at Easton, Pa., and at Yale Law School, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in June, 1870. He practiced with his father for several years, and is now engaged in l)usincss in Piiiladdiihia, Pa. He still resides in Lambertville. Frederic M. Payne, Newark, is a son of Warren L. and Sarah H. (Davies) Payne, and was born in Mf)rrisvillc, N. V., August 15, 1807. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 271 He was graduated from the State Normal School at Cortland, N. Y., in June, 1890, and studied law at the Sprague Correspondence School of Detroit, Mich., and with Colie & Swayze, of Newark, N. J. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in March, 189G, and since then has been associated with Hon. John Whitehead. William H. Long, vSomerville, born in Bridgewater, N. J,, February 37, 1841, is a son of Jacob and Theresa (Moore) Long, and a descendant of Jacob Long, who came from Holland to Somerset county, N. J., about 1730. He was educated at the Rahway Classical Institute, read law in Somerville with the late Hugh M. Gaston, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in February, 1870, and as a counselor in June, 1875. He served as surrogate of Somerset county from 1878 to 1888, a period of ten years. His wife, Mary A. , is a daughter of Peter T. and Elizabeth (Ten Eyck) Tunison. Asa Jones, Flemington, born in Flemington, N. J., May 17, 1851, is a son of John Lambert and Catharine S. Jones, and received his educa- tion in the public schools of his native town, at Peddie Institute, Hights- town, N. J., and at Lehigh University, vSouth Bethlehem, Pa. He read law in Flemington with Hon. John T. Bird, subsequently vice chan- cellor, and was admitted at Trenton before the Supreme Court as an attorney in November, 1876, and as a counselor in November, 1879. He has always practiced his profession in Flemington, and has also done considerable newspaper work, being from 1882 to 1891 one of the editors of the Democrat-Advertiser, of Flemington. October 8, 1879, he was married at Imlaystown, Upper Freehold township, Monmouth county, N. J., to Laura C, eldest daughter of Hon. Edward B. and Louise (Bruyere) Potts. Abraham Chalmers Hulsizer, Flemington, born in Bloomsbury, N. J., August 20, 1855, a son of William Sloan and Emily A. (Bird) Hul- sizer, was educated in the Blairstown and private schools, read law with Hon. John T. Bird, and was admitted at Trenton as an attorney in February, 1880. He has been justice of the peace in Flemington since 1887. June 15, 1882, he was married at Flemington, N. J., to Alletta Van Nest Hill, daughter of William and Mary (Burr) Hill, of that place. Lewis Van Blarcom, Newton, is a son of William and Hannah (Sutton) Van Blarcom and a grandson of Garret and Mary (De Graw) Van Blar- •.'7*.' TIIK JIDKIAI. AND CIVIL llISTdliY OK NEW JERSEY. coin, ami was horn in Sparta township, Sussex county, N. J., July I'.i. IS35. Garret Van Hhirci)ni, of Holland descent and a soldier in the war of IS r^, came from Bergen county, N, J., io Sussex county, in 181 G. His wife's ancestors were Huguenots. Lewis Van Blarcom was educated at Mount Retirement Seniinar\- in his native county, and taught school for four winters. In ISoO he began his legal studies in the office of Col. M. R. Kimball, at Hamburg, N. J., and in 1857 be- came a law student of Joliii Linn, of Newton, nijw of Jersey City. He remained in Mr. Linn's otlice until August, 1802, when he enlisted as first lieutenant in Co. D, loth N. J. Vol. Inf., and went to the front. May 8, 18G4, he was wounded and captured at the battle of Spottsyl- vania, sustained amputation of the left leg, and was confined in Libby prison from May 19 to September 12. He was honorably discharged May 19, 1864, as captain, having been promoted to that rank in June, 18G3. Returning to Newton he resumed his law studies and was ad- mitted as an attorney in June, 1865, and as a counselor in June, 18G8. He has always practiced his profession in Newton, and has won a fore- most place at the Sussex county bar. For five years he served as pros ecutor of the pleas. He was married October 17, 1871, to Mrs. Mary Cummins, daughter of Alexander H. and Rachel Thomson, of Marksboro, N. J. H. BuKDKrr Hekk, Flemington, born in Rockland county, N. Y., read law with J. N. Voorhees, John T. Bird, and A. A. Clark, of Flem- ington, N. J., and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in June, 1875, and as a counselor in June, 1878. He was appointed law judge of Hunterdon county in April, 1896. JamksL. Griogs, Somerville, born in Blawenburg, {Somerset county, X. J., is the son of John S. and Sarah J. (Van Zandt) Griggs, and was graduated from the Lawrenceville school in 1870 and from Princeton College in 1874. He read law in vSomerville with Hon. John U. Bar- tine, and was admitted to the bar in November, 1877. In 1880 he mar- ried Mary S., daughter of David K. Craig, of Somerville. OcTAvii's P. Chami'.kklin, Flemington, son of Amplius B. and Eliz- abeth (Myers) Chamberlin, is a member of an old New England family who moved to the "Lake country" in the State of New York soon after the Revolution. His father, at the age of twenty, came to Hun- terdon county, N. J., as a school teacher, and afterward was prominent in public life, being sheritT and clerk of that county and secretary of BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 273 the State Senate. Mr. Chamberlin was born in Delaware township, Hunterdon county, May 16, 1832, was graduated from Lewisburg Uni- versity in Pennsylvania in 1859, and read law with Capt. George A. Allen, of Flemington, N. J. He was admitted to the bar at Trenton as an attorney in February, 1864, and as a counselor in February, 1867, and since the first named year has successfully practiced his profes- sion in Flemington. He is a special master and examiner in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner. He was prosecutor of the pleas of Hunterdon county for ten years, and law judge of the same for five years from 1891. In politics he is a Democrat. His first wife, whom he married in Locktown, N. J., was Miss Lizzie Rittenhouse, who died four years after their marriage, leaving one child. In 1865 Judge Chamberlin married Miss Mary E. Fisher, of Flemington, and they have three children. John A. Bullock, Flemington, born in Easton, Pa., March 6, 1847, is the son of Edward R. and Jannet (Pollock) Bullock, and a descendant of John Bullock, of Quaker extraction, whose parents settled in Bur- lington county before 1713. Receiving a public school education, he read law with his father and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in November, 1869, and as a counselor in June, 1873. His wife, Eliza A., is a daughter of David Van Fliet. Adrian S. Appelget, Hightstown, born August 16, 1841, in South Amboy, N. J., is the son of John B. and Ellen Appelget and a de- scendant of the Applegets or Applegates who emigrated from Massa- chusetts to Gravesend, L. I., whence Bartholomew Appelgate came to Cranbury, N. J. The letter's son, Thomas, bought and settled on the homestead farm now owned by Adrian S., in 1738. Adrian S. Appelget, read law in New Brunswick with Col. Daniel R. Boice and was ad- mitted to the bar as an attorney in November, 1876, and as a counselor in June, 1882. He was counsel for relator in the case of Union Dis- trict Trustees vs. Pierce, 18 Vroom, 348. He served two years in the Civil war in Captain Kilpatrick's 1st Cav. Troop, was commissioned lieutenant in Co. C, 2d N. J. Cav., and served until September, 1865, and at one time was acting major, commanding left of line under Col. George E. Waring, jr. Two days later he was captured with the rear guard and confined in the rebel prisons at Andersonville, Macon, Sa- vannah, and Columbia, escaping finally to the Union forces on the Knoxville and Chattanoosfa railroad. 274 THE JUDICIAL AND C'lVII. HISTORY OK NEW JERSEY. May 2, 1S»](;, be manictl Hlla Mi^rris vScudiler, daughter f»f James and Ami E. Scuddcr, of Cranbury, N. J. La Ri'K VREDENBUKiiii, JK\, S( )mervillc, l)<)rn July 2'.t, 1H55, in Som- crville, N. }., is a son of La Rue and Hlandina (I'^lmendorf) Vre- denburjrli. The family traces its lineage to William Vredenburgh, who came from Holland in the ship (iilded Braver in 1058. Mr. Vre- denburgh was educated at Rutgers College, read law with Hon. John I). Bartine, of Somerville, and was admitted to the bar of New Jer- sey in November, 18TW. For some time he has been connected with the First National Bank of Somerville. Ai.BKRT Day Anderson, Lambertville, born October i;5, 1855, in Lambertville, N, J., is the son of John A. and Cornelia E. Anderson, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1878. He read law in Trenton with James Wilson, was admitted to the bar as an attorney in November, 1881, and as a counselor in November, 1884, and is a master in chancery. LhAMiNi; Ma I Loc K, W(jodl3ury, is a son of Robert K. and Abigail L. (Learning) Matlock, and was born in Woodbury, N. J., March 26, 1854. He received his education at the L^niversity of Pennsylvania in Phila- delphia, read law with his father, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney at the June term, 187 <'IVII. HISTOKV nF NKW JKR8KY. Mr. Bergen atluiuletl Kdjfehill School at Princeton and was jjrad- u.' "' 4c in isr,:i. He read law in Camden with Ih- , and was admitted to the bar as an altorni y at the November term, 18Gt!, and as a counselor at the same term, 18tii). S' I in active and successful practice in Camden, u teen years he has served as city superintendent Mr. Heryjen is one of the eminent members of the Camden wuuuly bar, and as a lawyer ami citizen is hij^hly resjjected and esteemed. February 'iH, ISSO, he married Mary A.. (lau;4lUer of Charles anil Kllen (VcMirhees) Atkinson, of Camden, .\. j CiiRiSTOpHEK A Hi K".i n, Camden, son of Samuel D. and Charity (\" I Bergen, was born at Hrid^e Point, Somerset county, N. J., A ^ . 1S41, was ctlucatcd at ICdj^ehill Classical School at Princeton, and was graduated from Princeton College in 18(>3. He read law with the late Peter L. V'oorhees, of Camden, was admitted as an attorney in November, IStJG, and as a counselor in November, IHDU, and has always practiced his profession in Camden, being a member <»f the widely known firm of Bergen c'v Bergen. He is one of the foremost lawyers of Southern New Jersey. In November, 1SS8, he was elected to Congress from the first Congressional district of New Jersey, and served two terms, being re elected in IS'.Mi. He married, first, August 5, 1H61», Harriet, daughter of Tiiomas D. and Augusta S. James, by whom he had two sons. His second wife, whom he married January 26, 1880, was Fanny C, daughter of William L. and Adele C. Hirst, of I*hiladelphia. Norman Grkv, Camden, son of Martin P. Grey, vice chancellor, and Mary J. Dunham, his wife, was born in Salem, N. J., April 3, 1868. His grandfather, Philip J. (irey, a native of Dublin, Ireland, was judge of the Court of Common Pleas of old Ciloucester county and subsequent- ly president judge of Common Pleas of the county of Camden, and for n s collector of the port of Camden. He died in 1875, aged sr ght. Mr. Grey was educated in the common and high sch»»ols of Salem a- I at Selwyn Hall, Reading, Pa, and prepared f' ^ :, Mass. Hntering Princeton I'niversily in 1885 he was graduated therefrom with the class of 1889, and then began the s' ■' the office of (irey & Grey, of Camden. In 1891 he en- t< I ><;i)artment of the I'niversitv .,.. ..lul was admitted to the bar in November, 18ri3. A member of the Camden City Couneil for several years. A (!»KT Dt Ustuk, Camden, born in Trenton. N J .Octobers, I^70, ; ' *.\" * s Dv I'njjer, an\ K I J • >i I N I , i .11 IK in 1, IN .1 ^' Ml I li j I Ml ii \ .III I )yKC aiul A r (Voorhees) Ji»Iinc, and was born in Princeton, N. J., Au- jjust 7, 1851. He was j^^raduated fn>m Princeton Collej.(e in 1S71, read law in Camden with the late Peter L. Voorhees, and was admitted to the bar at Trenton as an attorney at the June term, 1874, and as a counselor at the same place in June, 1877. He has been in active prac- tice in Camden since 1874, and was appointed jud^^'c of the District Court of that citv by (iovernor Cirij,fjjs for the term commencinj^ Ai)ril 1, 1896. John Forsyth Jomnk, (Mmden, born in I'riiicclon, X. J., February 4, 1850, is a son of Dr. Jolm Van Dyke ami Alice Anne (Voorhees) Joline, and was graduated fmm Princeton Collej^e in June, 18T0. He read law in Trenton with James Wilson and in Camden with the late Peter L. Voorhees, and was admitted lo the New Jersey bar as an at- torney in November, 18T3, and as a counselor m November, 1H70, and lo the Philadelphia bar in April, 1882. Benjamin Auoustus V.mi., Rahway, is descended from Edward Fitz R ■ ■ who came from ICni.^'^land to Massachusetts about 1(»;}7. His j^r • r, lienjamin \'ail, was an early settler between Rahway and Plainfield, N. J., and like his ancestors was a worthy member of the Society of Friends. Mr. Vail is a son of Benjamin Franklin and Mar- tha C. (Parker) Vail, and was born in Woo'Jl)rid}.;e township, MidiUesex county, N. J., Auj^ust 15, 1S44. lie was j^^raduated from Haverford Collejje, Pa., in JHC,.'), read law in Newark with Parker «& Keasby, and was admitted as an attorney in N8, and as a coun.selor in November, 1871. He has continuously and successfully practiced his pT ;it Rahway since 18fJ8, and for many years has been recog- n. nc of the Icciders of the Union county bar. He has been a member of the Rahway Common Council, was a member of the New Jersey Assembly in 1870 and 1877, and in 187s was elected to the State Senate, where he served with distinction for si.x years or two terms. In 1884 he was president of that body. Frank Churchman MKKTKKk, Camden, born in Newark, Delaware, BIOGRAPHKML REOISTER. 283 October 18, 1852, is a son of Joseph C. and Henrietta C. Meeteer, and was graduated in 1870 from the old Friends School, then located on Pine street, near Second, in Philadelphia. He read law with Herbert A. Drake, of Camden, N. J., and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in June, 1889. Samuel M. Roherts, Camden, born on a farm in Chester township, Burlington county, N. J., January 30, 18G2, is the son of vSamuel and Ann Eliza (Haines) Roberts, attended the public schools, and finished his education at the Friends Central High School, Fifteenth and Race streets, Philadelphia. He registered as a law student with Samuel K. Robbins, of Camden, with whom he remained four years, supporting himself meanwhile by work on the farm. He was admitted to the Supreme Court of New Jersey at Trenton as an attorney February 18, 1892, and as a counselor June 6, 1895. George M. Roiseson, Trenton, was born in Oxford, Warren county, N. J., in 1830, and is a son of William P. and Anna (Maxwell) Robe- son. The family is of Scotch descent, the first American ancestor being Andrew Robeson, who was surveyor-general of the State of New Jersey in 16G8. Mr. Robeson was graduated from Princeton College in 1847 and read law in the office of Chief Justice Hornblower, of Newark. He was admitted to the bar in Trenton as an attorney in July, 1850, and as a counselor in February, 1853, and became prosecu- tor of the pleas in Camden county. He was attorney-general of the State from 1867 to 1869, when he resigned and was secretary of the navy under President Grant from 1869 to 1877. Subsequently he rep- resented the first district of New Jersey in Congress. Since about 1879 he resided in Trenton. He is a man profoundly versed in the science of the law, has filled every position with great dignity, credit and ability, and occupies a foremost place among the eminent lawyers of the State. William Lane Wilbur, M. D., Hightstown, son of Dr. Lloyd Wilbur, for some years superintendent of schools of Mercer county and since 1895 supervisor of the school census of the State, was born August 22, 1864, in Hightstown, N. J., where he has always resided. He was graduated from Peddie Institute in 1881, from Princeton College in 1885 as A. B., and from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1888, in which year Princeton conferred upon him the degree of A. M. in course. liiK ,, .... . v.. ■ '• ■ '^ 'I. IIIST<»!V "'■ NKW .IKiiSKV While Dr. Wilbur has lK.cn ticv<»lcil to llic iii.iciice of his pioicssion in })is native town he has also been an active Republican and proni- ;:i. !i' ti : ; )lic and civil affairs. lie has served as township physician township, Mercer county, and as medical director of L ^... Board of Health, and in ISii.l and 1HD4 was elected to the New Jersey Assembly by the largest majorities ever jjiven an as- an in the county of Mercer. His service in the House was .,. V rizcd by unswervinj; faithfulness to his constituents and honor and credit to himself. He is first lieutenant and assistant surgeon of the 7lh Regt., N. G. N. j. Xki.son Young Dunoan, Si>merville, born iii Lambcrlville, N. J., May 3, 1S67, is a son of Edmund B. and Martha (Vounji) Dun^jan, and received his education in the public schools. He is a self-made man. He read law with James L. f»ri}.(},^s, of Somerville, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney November 0, IS'.td, and as a counselor on the Dth of November, 1893. In I'ebruary, IS'.t.O, he was 1 i)rosecutor of the i)lcas of S(jmerset county fc^r a term of • s. He is a thirty-second dej^rcc Mason, and captain and judj^e advocate in the 3d Regt., N. . Gaston, of Hugue- not descent, was born at Basking Ridge, Somerset county, N. J., Sep- tember 29, 1810, and was educated at the Somerville Academy. He read law with the Hon. George H. Brown of Somerville, where, on his admi.ssion to the bar in 1844, he began an active and successful practice which grew rapidly and became the largest in that county. He was a man of strict integrity, of great strength of character, and of ability, and for many years was the recognized leader ...v.ci bar. He was for some time prosecutor of the pleas of Somerset county, and was counsel for a number of leading corpora- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 285 ti(nis, including- the First National Bank of Somerville and the l^aston and Amboy Railroad Company. In 1S()2 he formed a law partnershii) with James J. Ber*^en, whicli as (Jaston & Berf;en continued for twenty years. In politics he was a Whis^- and afterward a Republican, and in 1872 was elected a presidential elector. He declined several honors, inchidino- a nomination for State senator. In 1 84'.) he married Miss Frances M. Prevost. He died in May, 1892. Hugh K. Gaston, Somerville, is the son of the late Hugh M. Gaston, and was born in Somerville, N. J. August 10, 1858 He was educated in the schools of his native town, read law there with Hugh M, Gaston, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in February, 1880, and as a counselor in June, 1888. He has successfully practiced his profession in vSomerville since 1880. William V. Steele, Somerville, read law in the office of Alvah A. Clark of Somerville, and at Columbia Law School. He was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney at the June term, 1878, and as a counselor at the same term in 1881. In April, 1884, he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Somerset county by Governor Abbett, and served for ten years, being reappointed in 1889 by Governor Green. He is the senior member of the law firm of Steele & Meehan, of Som- erville, N. J. James J. Meehan, vSomerville, born October 25, 1865, in Somerville, N. J., is a son of John and Isabel Meehan, and received a public school education. He read law in his native town with Gaston & Bergen and Alvah A. Clark, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney at the June term, 1889, and as a counselor in November, 1893. In April, 1894, he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Somerset county and re- signed after about one year. He is the junior member of the law firm of Steele & Meehan, of Somerville. William Read Howe, Orange, a descendant of James Howe, who came from England to Ipswich, Mass., in KioO, is the son of Henry Arnold and Helen (Larned) Howe, and was born August 18, 1855, in Orange, N. J., where he has always resided. His father was a dry goods commission merchant, under the firm of Shepard (K: Howe, and later Bradley & Howe, in New York, and later president of the Niag- ara Fire Insurance Company of New York city. Mr. Howe was edu- cated in the private schools of (Jrange and at the Collegiate and Com- '"«■■ " '■'■ ' • ^ '' Mn , ami received the ilejjrec <»f .,- .;. ; - . '. He reail law wiih AriKnix, Rilch &: '»rk city, and was j»;radiiated from Colunibia Law - LI^. li. in 1S8(), beinj; adniilted to the New York bar in the ...ir. lie practiced in the otliee of his le;^al preceptors until . when he became associated with the law firm of North, Ward iV , of New York, with whom he continued until February, ISK.""*. 1:. . iiecame a member of the firm of lilake cV I'Veeman, of Oran^^e, X. J., being admitted to jiractice in this State as an attorney in June, jss.'i, and as a counselor in February, ISlKt. In iso'i the firm name was changed to Blake cV IIi>we. June 7, 1881, Mr. Ilowe was married to Miss Annie 11., daughter of John L. Blake, his law partner, of Orange, N. J. John Franklin Fort, Newark, only son and eldest child of Andrew Ileisler and liannah Ann (Brown) Fort, was born in^ Pemberton, Bur- lington county, N. J., March 20, 1852, and is descended from R(»ger l".>:t, who came from Wales to Pemberton (then New Mills) in IGDO. lie was educated at Mount Holly Institute and Pemberton vSeminary; read law with Fwan Merritt, of Mount Holly, and (iarret vS. Cannon, of Bordentown, N. J., and Chief Justice Edward N. Paxstm, of Penn- sylvania; was admitted in this State as an attorney in November, 1873, and as a counselor in November, 187<); and received the degree of LL. B. from the Albany (N. Y. ) Law School in 1872. He has prac- ticed his n in Newark since 1874. He wa> . clerk of the New Jersey Assembly in 1873 and 1874; judge of the First District Court of Newark from 1878 to 1886, being ■ ' 1 by Gov. George B. McClclIan and reapi)ointed by Gov. '' Ludlow, and resigning in the third year of his second term; and member of the Republican Nati<»nal Conventions of 1884 and 1890. In lli vear he had the distinction of placing Ciarret A. Ilobart in n- i for the vice-presidency. He was a member of the State Coustitutional Commission of 1804, and on December 1, 18'.Hj, was ap- ; ' • firiggs president judge of the Iv.ssex County Com- !■ Hon. Andrew Kirkpatrick, resigned. Judge Fort has been conspicuous in political affairs since 1872. He member and in 1 88;) vice-chairman of the State ' '•; chairman of the State Republican Conventions of 1880 and 1895 and one of the most active leaders in the great reform BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 287 movement which resulted in the election of John W. Grig-g-s as gov- ernor. In 1895 he was appointed by Governor Werts for a term of five years a commissioner to confer with like commissioners from every State in the Union to bring about uniform laws in each State. He was one of the founders and since July, 1895, has been president of the East Orange National Bank, is counsel and was one of the promoters of the Security Savings Bank of Newark, was for many years a direc- tor of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Newark, is counsel for the D., L. & W. Railroad Company, and is a member of several social and other organizations. He is a member of the wSons of the American Revolution through his great-grandfather, John Fort, a private in the Burlington county militia. Judge Fort was married April 20, 187G, to Charlotte E., daughter of Hon. William and Margaret (Ballard) Stainsby, of Newark. They reside in East Orange, N. J. Lambert H. Sergeant, Lambertville, son of Gershom C. and Charity A. (Howell) Sergeant, was born near Flemington, N. J., May 4, 1841. His family traces its ancestry to Joseph Sergeant, who came to this country from Germany about 1750. After receiving a public school education Mr. Sergeant commenced the study of law in the office of Hon. Bennet Van Syckel, then of Flemington, and was graduated from the Albany Law School and admitted to the bar of New York in 18G8. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney m November, 1868, and as a counselor in February, 1878. vSince the former year he has been engaged in active practice in Lambertville, N. J., where he served five terms as mayor, and where he has also been city solicitor, member of the Board of Education, and in 1896 superintendent of the public schools. He is a prominent lawyer and citizen, and a special master in chancery. His wife, Sarah, is a daughter of the late William Scarborough, of New Hope, Pa. George A. Dilts, Raritan, born in Raritan, N. J., June 16, i860, a son of Asa R. and Ann Gaddis Dilts, is descended from a family of the name who settled in Hunterdon county before the Revolutionary War. He was educated in the public schools, and in early manhood took a lively interest in Republican politics. In 1891 he was nominated for member of the Legislature in a Democratic stronghold. In 1893 he was elected sheriff of Somerset county for three years, being the only Republican candidate who carried that section of the State at that election. Itii J I i>i< i.\L AND CIVIL HISToKY (►F NKW JKKSKY. M Miss Marian, ilaughler of William W. Bonnell, and rCSIuv"- ;ii IX. 11 II. in, .^. J, \V '■ 'r •■ "IKY, Paters«»n, is a son of IKnry and Catharine (Il<)\ wasborn in (iilford, County I)«)\vn, Ireland, March 'i, I8A7. He came to America with his parents in lH(j(i and settled in " • -. N. J., where he has ever since resided and where he received ition in the j^nblic schools and under private tutelajje. He read law with James Kvans, ex-city counsel, and Albert Comstock, both of Paterson. and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an at- torney in June, 1880, and as a counselor in June, 18H3, and afterward was admitted to the bar of the United States Circuit and District Courts. Mr. Gourley has always practiced his jirofession in Paterson, enjoy- ing a large and lucrative business, much of which is in connection with corporations. On the ffirmation of the old Fourth Assembly District of Passaic county in 1881, he became the independent candidate for mblyman against Hon. Thomas Flynn, the regular nominee, and an exciting canvass was defeated by twenty-six votes, the only . iinent against him being his youth. In 1885 he was regularly nom- inated by the Democrats and elected to the Cieneral Assembly by nearly 1,300 plurality, the largest majority ever given to an assembly- man in the county up to that time. He served in this capacity until April 1, 1880, when he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Pas- saic county, which oflice he (illed with ability until April 1, 18!M;, or for tw«> terms of five years each. He has been very active in Demo- cratic politics, being chairman of the sub committee on organization of !' " ;>ly committee for ten years prior to December, 181(5, .: i. While a member of the Assembly he won especial distinction on the floor by making an all-night speech against a meas- ' nt the bridging of the Arthur Kill. On this occasion he lou.sly for five hours. JMSKiMi Dour.i.ASS, Jr , Cape May Court House, was born at Dias k, Cai>e May county, X. J , August 7, I set, and is a son of Joseph *T W. (iarrctson, his wife. His paternal ancestry ' rnal English. He obtained a public .school ed- ucation, and for eight years was engaged in teaching in the .same .schools. He studied law at Cape May Court House with his brother, Judge Harry S. Dou;^'lass, and was admitted to the bar as an attornev at FRANCIS C. LOWTHORP. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 289 Trenton in February, 1896. He became collector for the borough of Anglesea, N. J., in 1893. His wife, to whom he was married at Goshen, N J., was Hannah Stiles, daughter of George and Elizabeth Stiles, of Dias Creek. Pennington T. Hildreth, Cape May Court House, became an at- torney at the June term, 188G, and a counselor in June, 1889. Houston Fields, Freehold, son of Theodore and Rachel (Morris) Fields, was born near Eatontown, Monmouth county, N. J., October 23, 1861, and completed his education at the Freehold Institute. His legal studies were pursued in the offices of E. W. Arrowsmith and Will- iam Hyres in Freehold, and in February, 1894, he was admitted to the bar of New Jersey at Trenton. In politics he is an active Democrat. He was under sheriff of the county of Monmouth from 1887 to Novem- ber, 1896, when he was elected sheriff for a term of three years, suc- ceeding Matthias Wool ley. In June, 1880, Mr. Fields was married to Miss Laura E., daughter of Thomas L. and Isabel Tilton, of Manasquan, Monmouth county, N. J. De Witt C. Bolton, Paterson, born in Rah way, N, J., June 16, 1848, came to Paterson when very young, and for a time worked under his father, who was superintendent of one of the largest cotton mills in that city. His education and legal studies were pursued in the face of difficulties that would have turned a less resolute man from his pur- pose. He was admitted to practice as an attorney in June, 1881, and as a counselor in June, 1884, and has always followed his profession in Paterson, where he has become one of the foremost members of the Passaic county bar. He is counsel for that county and for the Court House Commission, has served for several years as a member of the Passaic County Republican Executive Committee, and is now its chairman, and in 1884 and again in 1885 was elected to the New Jer- sey General Assembly, where his wit was the delight of the House, and where he took an important part in legislation, serving on some of the most important committees. He is a prominent member of Fabiola Lodge No. 57, Knights of Pythias, and was elected chancellor-com- mander in 1884, member of the Grand Lodge in 1885, G. M. at A. in 1886, G. P. in 1888-89, G. V. C. in 1889-90, and G. C. in 1890-91. In 1894 he was elected supreme representative to serve four years. Morgan Hand, Cape May Court House, born March 14, 1854, at KK H)0 THF •'''"■' VI \NF> I'lVII. IIISTdl;^' (»F NKW .IKMSKV. Chh: MayCv>iJil lluu.sc. N. J., is a sdii ol Joiialiian aiui Jiuiilh W. Hand, and received his education in the public ami private schools and al Ca|>c May County Academical Institute, His paternal ancestors Wf • ■ st settlers of the county of Cape May, more than tvv .:.. .■.i:> ago, and some of them have nearly all the time \ public office. His father was clerk of Cape May county Hum February 27. 1S4<», to February 27, IS'.tO, a continuous period of fifty years. Morgan Hand read law at Cape May Court House with John B. Huffman, and at the same time acted as deputy clerk of Cape May county. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar before the Supreme Court as an attorney in February, 1882, and as a counselor in June, 1890, and has been notary public since March 2'.«. 1882, mas- ter in chancery since November 22, 1882, Supreme Court commis- sioner since July 10, 188';, examiner in chancery since June 7, 1887, and special master in chancery since January 8, 18'.>5. He was deputy clerk of Cape May county from August 20, 1870, to February 27, 1800, president of the Bryant Literary and Debating Society for several years, and counsel for the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Cape May county and the borough of Anglesea and several other townships for a number of years, and president of the Mechanics' and Laborers' Building and Loan Association of Cape May Court House for about twelve years. Jo.SATHAN H A.Mt, J k., Capc Mav Ccnirt House, is a son of Jonathan and Judith W, Hand and a younger brother of Morgan Hand, and was admitted to the bar at Trenton in June, 1804. Ik- is a master in chancery. Jamrs M. ]•>. HiiiiKi 111, Cape May City, born in Cape ^L1y City, N, J., December 0, 1858, is a son of Alvin P. and Lydia H. Hildreth, and was educated at the Mount Holly Academy. He read law with Walter A. Barrows and Judge Joseph H. Gaskill, of Mount Holly, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1881, and as a counselor in P'eb- niary, 1888. He was mayor of Cape May City from March, 1803, to March, 1895, has been borough solicitor for the boroughs of Cape May Point, West Cape May, and Holly Beach, and is a director of the New Jersey Trust and Safe Deposit Company. He is a master and exam- iner in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner. In August, 180G, he was elected city solicitor of Cape May City. H. Freeman Douoi-ass, Cape May City, was admitted to the bar as BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 291 an attorney in June, 1872. He is a master and examiner in chancery, and in point of admission is the oldest lawyer in Cape May City. vSamuf.l D. Hoffman, Atlantic Cit}', was born in Auburn, Salem county, N. J., February 27, 1856, and was graduated from the State Normal School at Trenton. He was admitted as an attorney at the February term, 1881, and as a counselor in February, 1884. Prior to this he taught school for seven years in the counties of Salem and At- lantic, and for some time was also school examiner. Upon his admis- sion to the bar he settled in Atlantic City, where he rapidly acquired a large practice and came into prominence not only as an able lawyer, but also as a public spirited citizen and officer. He was several times chairman of the Atlantic County Republican Committee, and in No- vember, 1884, w^as elected alderman of Atlantic City and served as a member of the committee on finance. He was elected city superin- tendent of schools in 1885, and mayor of Atlantic City in 1886, 1888, and 1890. In 1892 and again in 1895 he was elected to the New Jer- sey General Assembly, where he served with ability and distinction. He has done considerable newspaper work, and for a number of years has been president of the Atlantic City Journalist Club. Ja:mes Adam Gokdon, Jersey City, is a son of John and Isabella (Leslie) Gordon, and was born in the city of Bergen, now Jersey Cit)% N. J., on the 7th of October, 1860. He w^as graduated from the Jersey City High School in 1881, read law there with John Linn and Linn & Babbitt, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney at the June term of the Supreme Court, 1885, and as a counselor in June, 1888. He is recognized as one of the ablest of the younger members of the bar of Hudson county. Robert H. Ingersoll, Atlantic Cit)', born at May's Landing, N. J , November 17, 1869, is a son of Denman B. and Mary D. Ingersoll, and was educated at Rutgers College. He read law with J. E. P. Abbott, of May's Landing, and Allen B. Endicott, of Atlantic City, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1890, and as a counselor in June, 1895. He was coroner of Atlantic county from 1892 to 1895, was alderman and president of the city council of Atlantic City in 1895, and since then has been recorder of that city. William J. Leonard, Atlantic Highlands, born in Leonardsville, Monmouth county, N. J., July 8, 1857, is a son of Richard A. and Sarah •J, J T'"- II '"' i\i \\'lt CIVIL lll-Tn|:V < »F XKW .TKRSKY. (k«»berli.) 1. : .a i. ".-ale Acaiiciuy 111 lianniioii, N. Y. He :- . .. ' i!^' Hope, of Red Hank, and was admitted at Trenton as an attorney February 21. 188H, and as a coun- • •ars later. Since May 'it'>, M^'J'i, he has been the ^ . nth Press, published in Atlantic Highlands. No- vember 30, 1882, he married Frances M Clark, of Haddani Neck, Conn. Georce Clark Low, Toms River, son of William A. and Sarah A. (Rogers) Low, was born at Cedar Creek, Ocean county, N. J.. January 14, 1858. His father was lay judge of Ocean county about fifteen years, presidential elector in 18G8, and cashier of the First National Bank of Toms River from 1803 until his death in March, 189C. Mr. Low was graduated from the Freehold Institute in 1874, attended Princeton College, and read law with Hon. Albert C. Martin, of Toms River, being admitted to the bar in February, 1880. He did not begin active practice, however, until 1802, when he established himself in Toms River. He has been a member of the Board of Registry and Elections of Dover township. Ocean county, since 1890, and a justice of the peace since 1892. W1LI-IA.M Cranstoun, Hoboken and Summit, is a son of William and Marion (Paterson) Cranstoun, both natives of Scotland, who settled in Canada in 1832, m(»vcd to New York city and thence to Princeton, N. J., in 1837, removed to Bordentown, X. J., in 1S42, and in February, 1843, came to Hoboken, N. J., where the mother died April 28, 1882, and the father December G, 1K85. Mr. Cranstoun was born in Hobo- ken, September 1, 1843, and finished his education at the Parochial School of the Scotch Presbyterian church in 14lh street. New York city. He read law with J. Harvey Lyons (his brother-in law) and Hon. Abel L Smith, both of Hoboken, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in February, 1875. Since then he has resided in Summit, N. J., and has successfully practiced his i)r;lish descent, I greut-)(randsun «>f Thomas Middlcton, a member of the Monmouth I " Revohition; a ;jrandson of Thomas Middlcton, of • ; the son of ICscck Middlcton, who, as captain of the Grovcvil i X'olunteers, participated in one of the receptions < :ii I >•,'/». Mr. Middlcton 's mother, Rebecca, was a Charles Jenkins, who was a son of Jesse Jenkins, the owner and founder of Jenkintown, Ta., and the chief carpenter of I )c- catu!" " • • '!' li. Ti; .» >1 < Ion was born at (jrovevillc, near Trenton, X. J., July 24, 1828, was educated in Rev. Aldcn C. Scovel's preparatory school at Bordentciwn, and read law there with the late Garrit S. Can- non. He was admitted to the bar in November, 1852, and for about one year followed his profession in Bordentown. Cominjj to Toms *' ■ '-':] he was in active practice until the war broke out in ISHl, . ><-d the first company of troops in Ocean county. He went out as captain of Co. D, lUh N. J. Vol. Inf., and served with j^jrcat credit until he was wounded at the battle of Ncwbern, March 14, 18G2. He returned home to recuperate and later was ordered to Camp Con- valescent, Baltimore, where he served as jud^e advocate under (ien- eral Wool for about six months, when he resijj^ned and again ci»me home. Karly in 1803 he was commissioned by President Lincoln as a captain in the Veteran Reserve Corps and attached to the ISth and ■ 1 to the 23d Rej^imcnt. He was detailed for special duty, first I iiting at Kingston, N. Y., and later to Washington, where f(jr nine months he was in command of four c(»mpanics at Columbia Col- lege Hospital. Thence he went t(j St. Louis as commandant of the draft rendezvous barracks, having charge of four companies. After about two years his old wound l)roke out and in the fall of 1805 he was •" recuperate. Soon afterward he resigned and resumed •f his profcssi(»n at Toms River, where he has since re- sided. M' M ' ■ sof)n won consider. il>le prominence as a lawyer of .:;y, and on Fel)ruary '^S, 18^2, (iovernor Joel Parker 1 him prosecutor of the pleas of Ocean county, which position without interruption until March 15, 1807, a period of twenty- s. During that time he attended every one of the sevenly- > of the court. In this capacity he prosecuted three murder f£a.c'i .1 linic practiced in Harlford, Conn. In 1 - : nal clerk of the New Jersey House of Assembly. He was counsel of the Hoard of Freeholders of Hunterdon county for seven years from 1881, and was city solicitor of Lamberton, N. J., in 18S2. He was a member of the Hoard of Education of Atlantic City in 1880, and on March 7, IS'.KJ, was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Atlantic county. On Ajjril 'i:\, l.ss;», he was elected cajHain of Co. F. Oth N. J. Rejct., Mehrer Rifles. MoKkis Hancock Stkatton, Salem, born in Xewbern, N. C, July 19, 1838, is a son of Rev. Daniel Stratton, a Presbyterian minister, and Kleanor C. Hancock, his wife. His ancestors on both sides were natives of New Jersey. He was j^raduated from I'rinceton Colle).je in 18.'>8, attended the Albany Law School, was admitted to the bar at Albany, X. Y., in 1800, and i)racticed in Troy, N. Y., until 1S(;3. He subsequently read law with Andrew Sinnickson, of Salem, X. J., and came to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in 1877 and as a coun- selor in 1880. He served as a member of the Board of Education of this State for nearly ten years from 1879. In ist;:} he was commis- sioned by Governor I'arker as second lieutenant and subsecpiently as captain of Co. K, ^d V . S. Cav. \'()ls. WiLi.iA.M L. Tkkhink, Matawan, is descended from a family of French Huguenots who fled from France to Holland early in the six- teenth century. In the same century, John Tcrhune (born in 171(>), with his wife and two children, came to tliis country to escape j^erse- cution, and settled at (Iravesend, L. I., where the old family residence- still stands. Thence one f)f his descendants moved to near Princeton, N. J. Mr. Terhune was born May 15, 1815, in New Brunswick, X. J., his father being Hon. John Terhune, for several years judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Somerset county. His mother was P^tta Let- .son. His paternal grandfather, Abraham Terhune, born 1701, died 1854, was a lieutenant under Captain Van I)eventer in the 1st Regt., Middlesex county, fought at Monmouth and Sj)ringfield, and at one time was sta- ' ' *'' ^t Point when La Fayette was there. His record in the 1 y war was most honorable. Mr. Terhune was graduated from Rutgers College in 18:i5. one of ' " " r)emf)nt Frelinghuy.sen, of Somerville. He read s S. Nevius, of Xcw Brunswick, was admitted to the ^ >tember, 1838, and is a master and examiner in chancery. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 297 a Supreme Court commissioner and notary public. In 1842 he settled in Matawan, Monmouth county, where he has ever since practiced his profession. He is one of the oldest lawyers in the State, both in age and in point of admission. He has been a director and counsel of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Matawan for many years. In Oc- tober, 1843, he married Margaret, daughter of William and Deborah (Scott) Little, of Matawan, N. J. Henry Stafford Terhune, Long Branch, born at Matawan (form- erly Middletown Point), Monmouth county, N. J., June 9, 1860, is the son of William L. Terhune, attorney-at-law, and a nephew of Hon. Henry S. Little, three times elected to the Senate of New Jersey and appointed for two terms to the office of clerk of the Court of Chan- cery. He was graduated from Princeton College and from Columbia Law School, read law with Hon. John S. Applegate, of Red Bank, N. J., and was licensed as an attorney at the June term of the Supreme Court in 1885, and as a counselor at the November term, 1890. Since his admission he has practiced at Long Branch. Mr. Terhune was counsel for the Board of Commissioners of Long Branch for five years, has also served as counsel for the Boards of Commissioners of Matawan and Sea Bright, and is counsel and a direc- tor of the First National Bank of Long Branch. He was chairman for several years of the Executive Committee of the Democratic party of Monmouth county, and in 1892 was elected to the State Senate for one year to fill the unexpired term of the late Senator Brown, being the youngest senator ever chosen from old Monmouth. Again in the fall of 1896 Mr. Terhune was tendered the regular Democratic nomination for senator by the unanimous voice of the delegates assembled at the nominating convention held at Freehold, N. J. While it was generally conceded that the nomination would prove equivalent to an election, Mr. Terhune, having previously determined to retire from an active participation in political affairs, felt constrained lo decline the same. On the loth day of July, 189G, he married Miss Mar}' W. Crane, of Matawan, N. J. David ScHENCK Crater, Freehold, is a son of John A. and Catherine (Jeroloman) Crater and was born in Clarksburg, Mercer county, N. J., July 19, 1846. He received his education in private schools, read law in the office of Aaron R. Throckmorton, of Freehold, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney on the 6th of November, 1879 '29S TMK JI'IUCIAI, ' '^ " '•'^ II. H1ST<'!:V "K NKW JKRSEY. ami 08 a counselor June ;>. I.sm.. lie scivctl assunoj^iiteof Monmouth county by appointment from February H, 1S82, to January '^2, IHK.'J, and from the latter date to the present by election. He has also been treasurer of the town of Freehold since May 2»j, 1S76. January 19, 187»I, Mr. Crater was marn't d to Miss Amiic \V. C.nihs, daughter of Gilbert and Maria Coombs. I.KVKkErr Nkwcomh, Vineland, is a son of HoiK-aiul I'hilena (Turner) Newcomb, and was born in Mansfield, Tolland county, Conn., January '2, 1840. His father's elder brother, Abncr Newcomb, was an officer in the Revolutionary war. Mr. Newcomb was jjraduated from the Connecticut Literary Institute at Shefiield and Wilbraham Academy in M;i- ' tts, read law in Hartfjjrd, Conn., with Hubbard, Waldo & l\\ . was graduated from Harvard Law School in 1888. Two years later he came to Vineland, N. J., where he has since resided, and where he continued his le^al studies with the late Edwin M. Turner. He was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton as an attorney in June, 1870, and as a counselor in June, 1873, and since the latter year has been in active and successul practice in Vineland. Mr. Newcomb, though always a .staunch Republican, has never sought or held public office. He has frequently declined political honors, jirefcrring to give his entire attention to the practice of his pro- fession, in which he has won success and wide recognition. He has been connected with many important cases in South Jersey, notably among them that of the State vs. Charles K. Landis, in which he was associated with Attorney Cieneral Jacob Vanatta and District Attorney Joseph B. Hoagland, the defense being represented by Benjamin Har- ris P.rcwster, afterwards attorney-general of the United States, Benja- min William.son, ex-chancellor, and Col. William E. Potter and James H. Nixon, Landis was indicted for the shooting of Uri Carruth, editor of the Vineland Independent, who died about six months afterward. The trial came up at the January term of the Oyer and Terminer at Bridgeton in 1876, and became a celebrated one. Mr. Newcomb was •••d with the Elden will cases, and with many others of far- g importance. He has not only won success as a lawyer, but hxs also achieved prominence as a financier. lie was one of the foun- ' the Vineland National Bank in 1883, and has served as a director attorney ever since. He was also a founder of the Bridgeton National Bank and of the Cumberland Trust Company (in 1890), and BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 299 is a director of the latter institution. He was especially instrumental in recovering- considerable money for banks that had been swindled by one " Horace D. Baker," and in bringing- him to trial and conviction. Baker was one of the most noted bank swindlers in the country, his mode of operation being in the field of temperance and religion in or- der to secure the confidence of the commimity. Mr. Newcomb has achieved uniform success in every capacity. He has won the respect and esteem of every one with whom he has come into contact and is recognized as one of the most prominent men of South Jersey, Isaac W. Carmichael, Toms River, is a son of Elijah and Rachel (Wilson) Carmichael, and a grandson of Ezekiel Carmichael, who came to America from Scotland, and was born in New Sharon, Mercer county, N. J., March 1, 1840. His father, who moved to this State from Orange county, N. Y., was a railroad contractor and built the tunnel near Bordentown. His mother's ancestors were English, her great-grand- father coming to New Jersey about 1700 and taking up land near New Sharon. Her grandfather, Robert Wilson, a lieutenant of militia dur- ing the Revolution, was several years a judge of the Court of Common Pleas, being appointed by Governor Livingston, and also served some time as collector of Middlesex county. Mr. Carmichael was educated in the schools and seminaries of New York State, read law with Chief Justice Mercer Beasley, of Trenton, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1863, and as a counselor in June, 1868. After practicing one year in Frenchtown, N. J., he moved in 1867 to Toms River, Ocean county, where hehas since resided. He is a special master, master, and examiner in chancery, a Supreme Court commissioner, and a notary public, and in 1896 was elector for the second New Jersey district on the regular Democratic ticket. He was counsel in the Rockwell murder trial, which occupied about six weeks; in the Balder-Jennings ejectment case, involving title to Long Beach land, in the U. S. Circuit Court; and in the case of Burham vs. Jen- nings, for the same matters, in the New Jersey Supreme Court. He has also done considerable editorial work for local newspapers. In 1867 he married Elizabeth M., daughter of Dr. Lewis and Sarah E. Lane, of Toms River, N. J. Thomas Whitaker Trenchard, Bridgeton, was born in Centreton, Salem county, N. J., December Kj, 1863, and is the son of William B, J.irt THK JrniriAl, AND CIVIL HISTOKY OF NKW JKKSEY. M his' wife. The Trcnehard family in this Mt, the first of that name in America hav- ,„^ .n ihe early part of the last century. j^l ^ liicated at the South Jersey Institute at Hriilj4e- ton, and studied law in the office of Potter & Nixon of the same place. \\i 1 to the bar as an attorney at the November term of the . .., ^ s- 'urt in 1880, and as a counselor at the February term 1893. He was solicitor for the Board of Health of Bridjjeton from 1888 to 1892, and has been city solicitor from 181)2 to the present time{ 18117). He was a member of the General A.ssembly in 188l», a member of the Republican State Committee in 1895 and 1896, and presidential elector from the First Congressional District for McKinley and Hobart in 189G, He is a member of the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. On the r2lh of November, 109*2, he was married at Red Bank, X. J., to Harriet A. Manninj.r, daujjhter of Rev. Joseph K. Manning and Beulah Young, his wife James L. Van Svckei., Bridgeton, born June S, 1848, in Perryville, Hunterdon county, N. J., is a son of Elijah and Hannah Van Syckel, and was educated at the Towanda (Pa.) Institute and Lafayette Col- lege. He studied law in the office of Hon. John T. Bird, of Fleming- ton, and was admitted to the bar June 7, 18G9. lie served as solicitor of Millville one year, of the city of Bridgeton two years, and of Holly Beach one year, and was a member of the Assembly in 18'.tl. He is a Democrat in politics, and for a time was the editLTL-inin;r 18, 1801, in Torring- ton, Conn., is a son of Iliibbell B. and Caroline (Fowler) Alvord, and a grandson of Saul Alvord, a graduate of Yale College and a practicing lawyer in Connecticut until his death, at the age of sixty-three. His mother was a sister of ex-Senator Fowler. Mr. Alvord was educated in the public schools of his native State and at the Vineland (N. J.) High School, and read law with E. M. Turner and Leverett Newcomb. both of Vineland. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney at the June term, 1883, and as a counselor in February, 1892. H« ' en borough solicitor of Vineland and is a director of the Ti s Bank of that place. John W. Tavior, Newark, was born in Buckland, Mass., in 1830, re ^ood academic education, and engaged in teaching school CHARLES EWAN MERKITT. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. *301 with great success, especially in Morristown, N. J. Tie read law in Newark with Hon. Amzi Dodd, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1857, and as a counselor in June, 18G0. Soon after receiving- his first license he began active practice in Newark, where he continued, giving his time almost exclusively to his large law business, until his death on vSeptember 20, 1893. In 1869 he was elected State senator from Essex county and served three years; in 1873 he was re-elected by a majority of 4,o32, and on his return was unanimously chosen president of that body. "He proved himself to be a most efficient presiding officer, displaying intimate knowledge of parliamentary prac- tice, holding the scales evenly between both parties, and at all times upholding the dignity of the position and of the Senate." A man of scholarly attainments, he owned one of the largest law libraries in the vState, and also had an extensive collection of rare and valuable miscel- laneous works. He was for several terms a member of the Newark Board of Education, and from 18G8 was counsel for the Essex County Board of Chosen Freeholders for many years. He married Anna M. Burnett. Henry Burnett Taylor, Newark, son of John W. and Anna M. (Burnett) Taylor, was born in Caldwell, N. J,, June 3, 1854, was edu- cated at the Newark Academy and the Lawrenceville High School, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1854. He read law with Frederic Adains, of Newark, and at Columbia Law School, and was ad- mitted as an attorney at the November term, 1877, and as a counselor in June, 1882. In April, 1880, Mr. Taylor married Miss Fannie, daughter of the late George B. Jenkinson and Jane Stringer, his wife, of Newark, N. J. Amzi Dodd Taylor, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., March 19, 1859, is the son of John W. and Anna M. (Burnett) Taylor, and was educated at Newark Academy and Princeton College. He read law with his father and at Columbia Law School, was admitted to the New Jersey bar in November, 1887, and since then has been in active ]M-actice in his native city. Ford D. Smith, Dover, is the eldest of three children of the late Miller and Mary B. (Trowbridge) Smith, and was born in Dover, Morris county, N. J., April 23, 1845. His paternal great-grandfather came from Long Island to what is now Union Hill, Morris county, and MK JUDICIAL AND CIVIL MISTOKY OF NKW JERSEY ;r Revolutionary war; ami his j^rantl/alher, I i and died there, participated in the war of 1812. N: -.on .ii John, was l)orn at I'nion Hill in 1818 and spent i, in that vieinity as a farmer. He suhse<|uenlly renicjved to Dover, cng^aged in the lumber, wo;ht), «»f Baltimore, Md., and Sydney T., of Dover. The latter read law with his brother. Ford D. , and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in February, 18S2, but has never practiced. He is enj.(aj^cd in the real and insurance business in Dover. r.id D. Smith read law with Lyman A. Chandler, of Morrisiown, N. J., and with Martin Shallenber^er, of Stark county. 111., and was admitted to the Illinois bar as attorney and counselor before the Su- jireme Court June 5, 1SG7. He practiced his profession in that State until 1874, when he returned to his nati.e county and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney November .'>, 1874. and as a ■v>elor November 3, 1881. Since liis admission he has been in c and successful practice in Dover. Mr. Smith has always been a steadfast Democrat and for many years h. ' . prominent member of that ])arly. He served in the New Jersey A in 1H1»1 and lH'.)i, and during the latter .session was chairman of the Committee on Revision of Laws, which liad in charge and sup- pressed the notori«nis race track legislation attempted that year. With three other DeuKJcralic members of the House he also opjjosed and voted against the coal combine of ]i<'J'i. He has liekl a number of local offices and positions of trust, and has always taken an active interest in the prosperity and advancement of the city of Dover, where he resides. July H, 1809, Mr. Smith was married to Mi.ss Martha, daughter of J. lines Fowler, of Kssex county. N.Y. Of their five children three are living: Lyman M.,astudent at Rutgers C«»llege, class (.f 1898; Olivia, wife of Dr. William E. Derry. and Clara E., all of Dover, N. J. HfNRY SiAKKoRi. Ln 1 i.K, Treutou, was born in Matawan, Monmouth county. N. J., August 17, 1823, and is a son of William and Deborah Little, of Scotch descent, who came to this country from Ireland in His father was a merchant and banker. After graduating from ■ton Collrvf in l^tl Mr Little entere<1 tb.- l .»■ ..tT,,-,. ,.f Asa BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 303 Whitehead in Newark and was admitted as an attorney in April, 1848, and as a counselor in July, 1851. He was one of the presidential elect- ors to seat James Buchanan, and went as a delegate to nominate Ho- ratio Seymour for president. In 18(i;5 he was elected to the Senate of New Jersey and was re-elected for three succeeding tei-ms, serving twice as president of that bod_v, and resigning during his third term to accept the office of clerk in chancery, which he held from 1872 to 1882. He succeeded the late Judge Lathrop as receiver of the New Jersey Central Railroad system and was subsequently elected president of the company, a position he filled with conspicuous ability for five years. He was one of the founders and organizers of the New York and Long Branch Railroad. He settled in Trenton in 1850, and for many years has occupied a foremost place in the professional and railroad interests of the States. LiNDLEv Miller Garrison, Camden, is a son of Joseph Fithian and Elizabeth V. (Grant) Garrison, and was born in Camden, N. J., No- vember 28, 1864. He attended school at Exeter, N. H., spent one year in Harvard College, read law with Redding, Jones & Carson of Philadelphia, and Thomas E. French of Camden, and finished his legal studies in the University of Pennsylvania. He was admitted in Phila- delphia in 1886 and to the bar of New Jersey in 1888, and as counselor in this State in 1892. He has been in active practice in Camden, N. J. since 1888. Isaac E. An trim, Bordentown, was born in New Jerse}^, prepared for college at Peddie Institute, Hightstown, and was graduated from Princeton in the class of 1883. He read law at Mount Holly with Capt. Charles Ewan Merritt, and was admitted to the bar as an attor- ney at the June term, 1886, and as a counselor at the February term, 1890. Schuyler Colfax Woodhull, Camden, is a son of the late Hon. George S. Woodhull and Caroline Mandeville Vroom, his wife, and was born in Camden, N. J., October 22, 1863. He received his education in private schools and under special tutelage, read law with Hon. Da- vid J. Pancoast, of Camden, and was admitted to the bar of this State in February, 1886. Since then he has been in active and successful practice in his native city. Henry Schknck Harris, Bclvidere, was born December 27, 1850, 301 TItK Jt'ninAI, AND (M\ IL IlISToliY (»K NKW JEK.SKT. \\ .i: n II i.":nii\. N. J., whore liis father, Israel Harris, he- <-Mt in 1845. He is ihnnigh liis paternal j^randmother, I'.iiM : 1 Harris, a direct descendant of John Hart «>f New I tne sijjncrs of the Declaration of Independence. His Dr. Henry S. Harris, was for fifty years a |>rominent phy- 1 in the northwestern part of this State, mostly in the county of Israel Harris, born in Rcadin^ton, Hunterdon county, June ■V ,vas for a long time cashier of the Belvidere Hank, and also a prominent Odd Fellow, beinjj j^^rand master of New Jersey and for six ind representative to the (irand Lodj^e of the United States. 1. cd Susan, dati.i,'^hter of John and I*"liza Lawrence (Kveritt) Stuart. Mr. Harris received a classical cducalion in the ])ublic school.s of Belvidere and under Rev. Frederick Knij4hton, and was graduated from Princeton College in IHTO. He read law in his native town with Jehiel O. Shipnian, and was admitted as an attorney in Jime, 1H7:{, and as a counselor in June, 1870. Since 187:} he has successfully prac- ticed his profession in Belvidere. In March, 1877, he was ap])ointed 1 .r of the pleas of Warren county by (iovernor Bedle, and while ::i this cai>acity was brought into special prominence through his connection with the famous Warren county ring trials of 187H, wherein twelve high officials of the county were indicted, convicted, and sent to Slate's prisf)n and jail for conspiracy, forgery and embe/.- zlement. These cases attracted wide attention at the time and are 'a most noted in the annals of New Jersey. Mr. Harris's V a lawyer has been very successful and for many years he has held a high place at the Warren county bar. He was counsel for the State in the trial (in September, 1880) of James J. Titus for the murder of Tillic Smith, and counsel in the defense of Samuel C. Carpenter, who was indicted for the murder of Rachel Blackwell, and who.se trial ' ' ! J"b'i l^-'^N ^'h1 resulted in a verdict of not guilty. He •isel for the United States Pipe Line Company in its litiga- tion with the Delaware, Lackawanna «S: Western and the Pennsylvania Rail' I npanies. In , Mr. Harris has always been an active and for a long time an influential Democrat. After an unusually exciting contest he was • in 1880 over Gen. Judson Kilpatrick, from the ' . . district, comprising the counties of Hunterdon, Somemet, Sussex and Warren. He served a term of two years in the BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 305 House of Representatives with great credit and ability, being a mem- ber of the committee on Naval Affairs and one of the Board of Visitors to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis. He is a member of the New Jersey Society of the Cincinnati, representing Surgeon Jacob Harris of the Third New Jersey Regiment of the Continental line. August 19, 1874, Mr. Harris was married to Miss Martha, daughter of the late Anthony B. Robeson, of Belvidere, N. J. She died Janu- ary 22, 1894, leaving one daughter, Roberta Robeson Harris, surviving; another, Susan E. S., having died December 7, 1880, aged three years. Henry Irick Budd, Jr., Camden, was born in Mount Holly, N. J., January 10, 1868. and is a son of Henry Irick Budd and Josephine Budd. He was graduated froui the College of New Jersey at Princeton in 1888, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and from the same institution he received the degree of Master of Arts in 1891. His law studies were pursued with Charles Ewan Merritt, of Mount Holly, and also at the Law School of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, where he received in 1892 the degree of LL.B. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey at the November term of the Supreme Court at Trenton in 1891, and as a counselor at the same term and place in 1894. In 1894 he was admitted as an attorney and counselor by the United vStates Circuit Court for the District of New Jersey, and in November, 1893, as an attorne}^ and counselor at the Philadelphia (Pa.) bar. Edward Ambler Armstrong, Camden, born in Woodstown, Salem count}^, N. J., December 28, 1858, is a son of Frances W. and Rebecca B. Armstrong. He studied law with Benjamin D. Shreve, of Camden, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in February, 1880, and as a counselor in February, 1885. He has served as member of assembly from the first district of Camden county for four consecu- tive terms, beginning in 1884, being elected on the Republican ticket by handsome majorities. He was the youngest member of the Legis- lature of 1885, when he was elected speaker of the House, a position to which he was re elected in 1886, and at the close of each of these terms, as presiding officer he was presented with substantial memorials as evidence of his ability and impartiality. Mr. Armstrong was appointed judge of the District Court in 1880, and served in that capacity until 1892. He was also president of the Board of Public Works in Camden in 1892-93. On February 8, 1897, he was appointed by Governor THK jrPiriAl. AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NKW JKRSEY. in. V ..lirt of C<»inin«)n Pleas of Caiiukn county for a N ounmcncinji April 1st. June 15, l»«i, Mr. Armstronjf married MissMellieM. Fortiner, who died March 23, 1883. IIekiikkt Armitaok Dkakk, Camden, son of Reuben Armitage Drake and Mary Voorhees, his wife, was born in Hopewell township, Mercer N'. I.. July 2. 184.'). His mother's ancestry is Holland Dutch, ... ^ ..;.dfather being Capt. John Schenck, of Ringoes, of the New Jersey militia in Revolutionary times. On his father's side he is of !'•■'- Ilii-lish, Irish, and Scotch descent, his paternal grandmother : tjin- .1 \ .i:; Kirk (Dutch) and her mother an Armitage (English) His paternal grandfather was Scotch and his mother a Bryant, of Irish ex- traction. Mr. Drake attended the Lawrenceville vSchool and was graduated from Rutgers College in 1868. He read law with his maternal uncle, Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden, and was admitted to the bar as an at- torney in June, 1871, and as a counselor in June, 1874, and has suc- cessfully practiced his professif)n in Camden. Among the many im- pn Mr. Horner resides at Palmyra, X. J. WooDHin.i., Camden, is a son of the late lion. George S WiM.oiuul, .iiul was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in February, IS7.V lie is a prominent member of the Camden county bar. T.v.L- Rlchanan, Trenton, born in Kails township, Bucks county, 1 -mber 1, 1849, is the son of William and Abigail Buchanan, and was graduated from the College of New Jersey in the class of 1874. He began the study of the law in the office. of Augustus G, Richey, and continued it with John H. Stewart, both of Trenton, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney at the November term of the Supreme Court, 1877, and as a counselor at the June term, 1883. He married Mary Crow, daughter of Alexander and Martha Crow, at their 2 T-jy Spring Garden street, Philadelphia, Pa., on Jan- FridericN. Voorhkks, Bound Brook, born in New Brunswick, N. J., in 18C7, is a son of Frederic V. D. and Anna L. (Mettler) Voorhees, and a descendant of Garret Court von Voorhees, who came to this ■ ■■""try from Holland in the ship Spotted Cow, in 1680. He was edu- : at the Detroit (Mich.) High School and Columbia College, was ^railuatcd from the Law School of New York University in 1881, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney at the February term, 1894. He has contributed a number of articles to the press, and is a master in chancery. THKtJDoRK RiJNvoN, LL. D., Newark, was a lineal descendant of \*in- cenl Rognion, a Huguenot, who fled to this country with the Stelles and other French families and was among the original settlers of •away township, Middlesex county, N. J. He was born in Som- ie, N. J., October 2.'), 1822, being a son of Abraham Runyon, and was educated partly in this State and i)artly in New York, whither his father had removed when he was quite young. Having received h'- ' • tratory education in Plainfield, he entered Yale College and ated therefrom with the degree of B. A. in 1842. He read law in Newark with Asa Whitehead, and was admitted to the bar as an attor- ney in July, 1840, and as a coun.selor in July, 184'.t. In 184ri Mr. Runyon began active practice in Newark, where he be- cam< • .rney in 1863 and city counsel in IS5G. The latter office BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 30!) he held for eight years. His brilliant achievements at the bar soon won for him wide recognition, and before many years had passed he was conceded to be one of the ablest lawyers in East Jersey. Hut al- though devoted to his profession, he nevertheless took an active inter- est in military affairs and in both rose to the highest i)ositi()ns of honor. He was appointed brigadier-general of militia for Essex county on May 8, 1857, and in 18G1 was made brigadier-general of the 1st New Jersey Brigade, the first fully equipped and organized brigade of troops that went to the defense of Washington. General Rvmyon received his commission from Governor Olden and took command April 27, and on the 30th the quota was declared full. The brigade reached Wash- ington on the 6th of May, nineteen days after the first man had been mustered. He served until the expiration of their term of enlistment, being engaged on the fortifications of Virginia, opposite Washington, where Fort Runyon (named after him) was erected. He returned home in August, 1861, and on February 25, 1862, was appointed by Governor Olden major-general by brevet in compliance with recom- mendations of the Legislature. After this brief but highly important service at the front General Runyon resumed his law practice in Newark, where he served as mayor of the city in 1864 and 1865. In the latter year he was the Democratic candidate for governor, but was defeated by Marcus L. Ward by a majority of only 2,789. On April 7, 1869, he was appoint- ed major-general commanding the National Guard of the State, and held that position till May 1, 1873, when he resigned to accept at the hands of Governor Parker the office of chancellor of New Jerse}^, which he filled with great honor and ability until May 1, 1887, being reap- pointed in 1880 by Governor McClellan. On April 29, 1873, he also became a member of the commission appointed to prepare amend- ments to the Constitution of the State. In March, 1893, he was ap- l)ointed by President Cleveland envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Germany to succeed the late Hon. William Walter Phelps. He sailed May 6, and shortly afterward was made the first United States ambassador to that country in accordance with a law of Congress raising the official rank reciprocally with similar action on the part of the German government concerning its representative at Washington. He filled that exalted office with great dignity, honor and credit until his sudden death at Berlin 'on the 27th of January, 1896. :itO THK jrniriAT, AND ClVn, HISTORY OF NKW JKI18EY. .\.i> "iie »»f the most {listinguished men that the has ever produced. In every capacity as a citi- jurist, diplomat, he achieved the hij^hest honor ii,,i..ni record. A Jerscyman by birth and education, his s the annals of the State and shines with peculiar lustre u|>on all Its history. So great and sincere was the esteem won by him -' ' ' - of his duties as chancellor that the entire bar of New ' reappointment on the termination of his second term, but he preferred to resume his private practice, which he did, in New- ark. As minister and ambassador he won a reputation at the German capital second to no representative of a foreij^n power, and by common consent it wasagreed that the United States had never had his superior in a representative at the German Court. He was a man of great natural ability, learned in both the law and polite literature, master of several modern languages, an accomplished orator, and a brilliant and fluent writer. His scholarh' attainments were recognized by Wesleyan University in 18G7, by Rutgers College in 1875, and by Yale University in 1882, by the conferring upon him the honorary degree of LL. D. He was a lifelong Democrat and for many years was a prominent and influential factor in State and national political affairs, taking an active part in the councils of his party. In 1800 he was cho.sen a :.tial elector. He always took a deep interest in the city of where he resided, and was prominently identified with many of its institutions, including the Manufacturers* National Ikink, of which he was president from its organization in 1S71 to 1S73. In 1804 (ieneral Runyon married Miss Clementine Bruen, daughter of William D. Bruen. of Newark, who survives him. Their children are Mary Clementine (Mrs. Harry C. Haskins) of New York city, aneen connected with several other well known cases. He has contrib- uted articles to the Yale Review, the American Journal of Politics, the American Maga/.ine of Civics, Public Opinion, and the Trenton news- papers, and for about one year held a reportorial position on the Phila- delphia Record. June 20, 189:{, iu- was married at Germantown, Pa., to Florence W., daughter of Fdward H. and Catherine (Willis) Hibbs. Lewis Pkrrink, Jr.. Trenton, was born in Trenton, N. J., August 12, 1859, educated at the Trenton Academy and the State Model School, and was graduated fr(»m Princeton College in 1880. He read law with Levi T. Hannum, of Trenton, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1883. On May 23, 1881, he was appointed assistant quartermaster- general on the governor's staff with the rank of colonel, and continued in that office till his father's death in 188^*, when he resigned. He was secretar)' and treasurer of the Trenton Horse Railroad Company from 1881 to 1889, when he succeeded his father as president. In 1891 he consolidated the street railway system of Trenton, substituted elec- tricity for hor.se power, and operated it till about January 1, 1895, when he sold out. He is still heavily interested in railroad property. Walton M. Watson, Trenton, born May IG, 18('»8, in Lambertville, Hunterdon county, N. J., is a .son of John and Phoebe A. WatstMi and a grandson on his father's side of Jonathan Watson, of North of Ire- land descent, and on his mother's side of Yarnall Walton, of English ancestf)'. He finished his education at the State Model School in Trenton, read law in that city with (ien. James F. Rusling, LL.U., and was admitted there as an attorney June 4, 1893. Since then he has been ass^'.^'> Sinif tli.n lu- li.-m i„-<-ii in active practice in Plainfield. David Thompson, Newton, for many years a member of the Sussex county bar, was bom October 2G, ISOS, at Mendham, Morris county, N.J. Me was the son of Stephen and Susanna (Harris) Thompson, who lived u|>on the old homestead purchased in 1710, and was descend- ed in the fifth generation from Thomas Thompson, a Scotchman, who •'.''■] in Eli/.abethtown, N. J., in \(U'A. \\ lie very younjj Mr. Thompson showed rare ability as a student, and at the age of eleven was reading " Virgil." lie was prepared for college under the tutorship of vSamuel II. Co.x, D. I)., and at Bloom- field, N. J , entering the junior class at Princeton in 1823, at the age of fifteen, graduating with honors in 1825. Among his most noted classmates were Hon. W. L. Dayton and Chancellor A. O. Zabriskie. For four years he was classical teacher in the academy at Mendham. In 1830 he entered the law office of Jacob W. Miller, of Morristown, N. J., wheie he remained one year, and then went to Newton, N. J., and completed his studies with Judge Thomas C. Ryerson. He was admitted to the bar as an attorney at the November term in 1833 and made counselor at the November term of 1836. Mr. Thom])son re- mained in continuous practice from his admission to the bar until a few years before his death, November 8. 1888, at Ncwtf the New Jersey bar, ai)i)ears received his preparatory education at Trinity Scliool in TivoH.on-the- Hudson, and was jjraduated with honors from Princeton ( if^c. receivinj^ the dejjree of B. A. in 1SK2 and M. A. in course in !>>;<. He read law with his father, at Morristown, with whom he has been associated in practice since his admission to the bar. He was ' as an attorney at the June term of the Supreme Court, lH8r., line a counselor at the same term in 1889. Mr. Mills is one of the ablest and most prominent of the younjjer members of the Mor- ris county bar, and in a number of important cases has distinguished himself as a shrewd and talented lawyer. He was corporation counsel of Morristown from the spring of 1892 to the spring of 1894, and is now (1897) treasurer of the Washington Association of New Jersey. Ci iFKOkh Stani.kv Si.ms, Mount Holly, son of John Clarke Sims and Emeline Marif)n Clark, was born at Emeline Furnace, near Dauphin, Dauphin county, Pa., February 17, 1839. He traces his ancestry back for twenty seven generations to Sym of Yetheram Tower, in Rox- burghshire. Scotland, and his wife, Ada, granddaughter of Oswulfe, Earl of Northumberland, whose grandson, Bueth Sym, established himself on English soil, being Thane of Gilles Land, in Cumberland, and in common with his Saxon compatriots resisted the invasion of the Normans and fell in the concjuest of lOGO. In this line was Rev. John Sim, of Aspatria, County Cumberland, and his wife, Anne Osmotherly, whose son, Launcelot Sim, was born in 1687 and died in 1712. Launce- lot's great-grandson, John Simm, born October 24, 17G9, came to America in 1793, and married Mary Neale, of Burlington, N.J., July 18, 1797. He died July 9, 1H2»;, at Uniontown, Pa. She was born June 29, 1774, and died July 10, 1867. Mr. Simm changed the final letter of his name into an "s," making it Sims, which style has since l>een followed by his descendants. John Clarke Sims, one of his sons, was bom in Burlington, N. J., February 11, 1807, removed to Phila- delphia and there married, December 8, 1830, Emeline Marion Clark, '' •■ ''• ■• -V ' - '?. She was a daughter of John Lardner Clark and ; the latter was a daughter of John Ro.ss, M. D., : Dr. Alexander Ross, a native of vScotland, and Elizabeth BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 323 Becket, his wife. Dr. Jolm Ross, of Mount Holly, was a surg^eon and finally a lieutenant-colonel in the Revolutionary war and one of the original members of the New Jersey Society of the Cincinnati. Clifford Stanley Sims was educated at the Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia, and in 1856 began the study of law in the same city, being admitted to the Pennsylvania bar May 6, 1860. He very early developed a taste for literature, especially in the line of history and genealogy, and on July 3, 1861, was elected a corresponding mem- ber of the New England Historic Genealogical Society. He had be- come a member of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania March 9, 1857. On March 4, 1861, he was admitted to the New Jersey Society of the Cincinnati by virtue of his descent from Dr. John Ross. In 1862, he published his first book, "The Origin and Signification of Scottish Surnames, with a Vocabulary of Christian Names," and on July 4 of that year he submitted a historical account of the founda- tion of the New Jersey Cincinnati, with a list of its original members, their successors, and other valuable data. Before carrying out his in- tentions of publishing this work he enlisted as a private in the 25th Pa. Inf., September 15, 1862, the regiment having volunteered to repel Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania; but Lee having been repulsed at An- tietam, it was mustered out of service October 1, 1862. Mr. Sims had been appointed on September 28 captain's clerk on the steam frigate Colorado; he resigned this February 11, 1863, to accept the higher rank of acting assistant paymaster of the United States navy, to which he was commissioned March 10. He served in this capacity nearly a year, most of the time west of the Mississippi. On June 22, 1864, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the 4th Ark. Inf., U. S. Vols., but two days later was wounded at Clarendon, Ark., taken prisoner and consequently was never mustered into the service. He was finally released on parole, but was not exchanged until the close of the war, when he resigned, June 10, 1865. During the period of his enforced non-combatancy he turned his attention to the study of the laws of Arkansas, and on September 13, 1864, Gov. Isaac Murphy appointed him judge advocate- general of that State, with the rank of colonel. At the close of the war he removed to Tennessee, where at Memphis, on August 2, 1865, he married Mary Josephine, daughter of Charles Steadman Abercrombie, M. D., of Roseland, and a granddaughter of Rev. James Abercrombie, of Phila- delphia. She survives him and resides at Mount Holly, N. J, Their ..-.'i liih M i.ii i\i. aNI) civil. IIISTOItY OF NKW JKKSKY. children were Charles Abercrombie, ClilTonl Stanley, jr.. Laiincelot Falcon, H '• ^" A'H*rcr(»mbie (deceased), John Clarke, Thomson Neale, famrv R- ised), and Ross Brainerd. Suns was licensed to practice law in Tennessee in 18(;g. . .^ iward he returned to Arkansas and settled in Desha county, he engajjed in cotton plantinjjf. In ISOO he was commissioned U. S. deputy marshal for Eastern Arkansas; in 18G7 Major-General Ord api>ointed him a justice of the peace, and he was an active maj^is- trate until the comjiletion of the reconstruction o{ the Slate. May 10, he was offered, but declined, the presidency of the Board of IN. -i>irars of Desha county. On November 5 of that year he was elected a delejjate to the Constitutional Convention of Arkansas, in which he served as chairman of several important committees. Feb- ruary 12, 1808, he was appointed a commissioner to jirepare a digest of the laws of the State, and three days later was named as a com- missioner of elections. On March i:{ of the same year he was elected a member of the Leijislature, and became chairman of the Commit- tee on Ways and Means and a member of the Committee on Hanks. July 14, following, Gov. Powell Clayton appointed him judge advocate- general, with the rank of brigadier general On A\n\\ 21, 1869, Presi- dent Grant appointed him U. S. consul for the district of Prescott, Canada, embracing Ottawa, and he discharged the duties of that office with great ability and satisfactit)n until 1878, when he resigned to be- come secretary of the Pennsylvania Company, and of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railway Company, both connected with the Pennsylvania Railroad system. In 1881 he became general assistant in the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and in this capacity prepared a series of volumes containing the legislation in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland and Vir- ginia, relative to the Pennsylvania Railroad and its several subsidiary companies. He also spent a number of years in studying and per- fecting the legal titles of the New Jersey lines of that great corpora- lion, and having a more accurate knowledge of their charters, leases and grants than anyone else, his advice was continually sought in their ■ '^nt. In 1887 he resigned this position and became president '.aware Company, which constructed a number of water works m I'ennsylvania and Ohio. In '-•- '• '..nel Sims settled in Mount Holly, X. J., where he spent '^® ' ''f his life. He was elected president of the New Jer- -U*.,V«?:5»«(?3WB5 LhVERHTr NhWCOMB. \ BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 325 sey vSociety of the Cincinnati July 4, 1883, and held that office until his death, being' largely instrumental in making it one of the soundest and most successful bodies of the order in the country. He was also a member of the Council of Proprietors of West Jersey, and the author of a new edition of Noy's "Grounds and Maxims; and also an Analysis of the English Laws," with a biographical sketch of Mr. Noy published in 1870. March 28, 1894, he was appointed a judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals and the same year was licensed as an attorney and counselor in New Jersey. In 1895 St. Stephen's College, New York, conferred upon him the degree of D. C. L. He was a deputy from the Diocese of New Jersey to the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal church 1889, 1892 and 1895, and was elected a resident member of the New Jersey Historical Society January 15, 1885, and a corresponding member of the New York Historical Society October 6, 1888. He possessed an extensive knowledg-e of Scottish ancestry, heraldry and numismatics, and was a scholar of superior mentality and a man of inflexible integrity, great strength of character and warm friendship. He died in Trenton, while on his way to sit in the Court of Errors and Appeals, March 3, 1896, widely esteemed and respected. Henry Huston, Newton, president judge of the Sussex County Courts, is of Scotch -Irish ancestry and a lineal descendant of John Huston, a linen-weaver who came from the North of Ireland to Sussex county, N. J., over one hundred and twenty five years ago, and settled near the town of Newton. Alexander Huston, one of the children of John, was a successful farmer and for more than a third of a century assessor of the township of Newton, which then embraced a large part of Sussex county. John Huston, one of the sons of Alexander, was a well-known farmer in the same township. His son, James B., the father of Judge Henry Huston, was born in 1818, and held positions of trust nearly all his active life. He was a lay judge of the Sussex Com- mon Pleas for ten years, a member of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of the count}' for many years, a member of the board of directors of the Sussex National Bank of Newton for twenty five years, and for about forty years was engaged in the milling and mercantile business at La Fayette, where he died March 18, 1894. James B. Huston in his long and useful life had dealings with most of the farmers and business men of Sussex county, and there was probably no man in the county I-, TIIK jrniriAl, AND (MVII. IllSTOKV (•!•' NKW .IKRREY. u n <>v who possc'sscu as uir;;(.' a iiuniDt-r <>t warm f Martha Kays, a dauj^hur of Thomas Kays, who was a son of John Kays, a Revolutionary soldier. John Kays married Hull, one of the early farmers of Sussex I children and one hundred and four grand- ren, and whose descendants may be found in nearly every State " ■ Judjje Huston on his mother's side was a lineal descend- ii' :\ Bale, who came to this country from Germany about IT.Viand built the first prist mill in Sussex county east of the Blue Rui-e. Judge Henry Huston, fifth son of James B. and Martha (Kays) Hus- ton, was bom at La Fayette, Sussex county, New Jersey, November •2«>, 1853, and received his preparatory education at the Blair Presby- lerial Academy at Blairstown, X. J., graduating therefrom in 1871. The same year he entered the sophomore class of Princeton College a 'Mated with honors in 1874. Deciding upon the law as a pTo- :■ <-■ entered the office of his uncle, Thomas Kays, a leading law- yer of Newton, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attor- ney in 1877, and as a counselor in 1880. Since his admission in 1877 he has practiced law in Newton, and from 1884 to 18111 was a partner with his uncle and Thomas M. Kays, the firm being Kays, Huston & Kays. In politics Judge Huston has always been an active and aggressive Republican; for many years he has exerted a strong influence as a political speaker and writer, taking a prominent part in these capacities in every campaign since 187G. His articles in the newspapers have always created wide interest, and on several occasions have contributed largely towards important reforms. He has earned the reputation of being one of the keenest and most effective political writers in north- ern New Jersey. He is an earnest, fluent and convincing speaker, a r leasing address, and one whose literary attainments are of a ; „ -r He has always been at the service of churches, societies and other organizations for lectures and addresses, and is also well known as a ready and bright impromptu speaker. In the practice of his profession he has met with success; he has conducted many important law cases in the courts of the State, and is > an able member of the bar. He was appointed United I Court commissioner for the district of New Jersey in admitted to practice in the United States Circuit and District BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 327 Courts in 1881, and was appointed by Chancellor Runyon a special master in chancery in 1884. In April, 1896, Governor Grig-gs appointed him law judge for Sussex county to fill a vacancy, and in January, 1897, he was reappointed by the governor and confirmed by the Senate for a full term of five years. The lay judges in the several counties of the State were abolished in 1890, and the law judges now preside alone. Judge Huston possesses a judicial mind and temperament and with his educational training and legal experience is exceptionally well qualified for his position on the bench. Judge Huston was married September 2, 1878, to Miss Laura A., daughter of William and Mary (Kays) Sn3^der, of La Fayette, N. J., and a lineal descendant of Benjamin Hull. They have two children: Henry W. , aged seventeen, and Frances Willard, aged six. Edward Grant Cook, Trenton, born in Trenton, N. J., May 13, 1845, was a son of William Grant and Elizabeth (Grant) Cook, and was edu- cated at the academies in Trenton and Lawrenceville, graduating from the latter in 1862. He was graduated from Princeton College in 1865, studied law in his native city with Hon. James Wilson and at Cam- bridge, Mass., in Harvard Law School, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in June, 1868, and as a counselor in June, 1871. He con- fined his activity largely to office practice. He died in 1897. J. Oakley Nodyne, was born in New York city in 1820, was gradu- ated from Union College in 1841, read law with Abel Meeker, of Ball- ston Springs, N. Y., and was admitted to the New York bar in 1845. He began practice in Ballston Springs, and afterward lived in New York city and Brooklyn. He was registrar and librarian of the New York City College for about ten years, and an alderman of Brooklyn one year and street commissioner of that city three years. He settled in Plainfield, N. J., in 1872, and there he has served as city clerk for a short time, overseer of the poor eight years, and a justice of the peace continuously since May, 1877. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in November, 1882. Samuel S. Swackhamer, Plainfield, son of Ruliff F., was born at Whitehouse, Hunterdon county, August 7, 1859, received a public school education, read law with his brother, Austin H. Swackhamer, of Woodbury, and Hon. J. D. Bartine, of Somerville, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1894, and as a counselor in February, 1897. 338 THK JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. WiNriLii Scott Anci.eman, is a son of Abniham and Sarah A. (Tinyf- Icy) An^lemnn. and was born in Plainlicld, N. J., October 20, 1802. i from the PlainficUl Ilijjh School in 1880, and for , cnj^aj^ed in ncwspajn-r work, and was also associated r James B. Pond in connection with his lecture tours. He \(. :atcd from the New York I'niversity Law School with the '■ ; LL. B. in 16'Jl, and beci.me an attorney in June, 1802, and a tlor in February, 189G. He bejjan practice in Plainfield, August 5, as a partner of John H. Jackson, and since the latter's death in ..; . ... 18'J4, has been alone. Thomas Bicc.s H.^rnf.d, Camden and Philadtl])hia, is the second son of Henry S. and Harriet Harned, and was born in Philadeljihia, Pa., March 15, 1851. His father, a woodcarver by occupation, was born in New York of Holland Dutch ancestry, while his mother was a na- tive of Norwich, England. In 1852 the family settled in Camden, N. J., where Mr. Harned received a public school education. His early life was largely spent in self support and in such employments as errand boy, serving a newspaper route, and reportorial work on the daily papers, but meantime he lost no opportunity to study and satisfy his great taste for literature. Deciding upon the law as a profession he took up his legal studies in the office of Charles T. Read, of Cam- den, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney at tlie June term, 1874, and as a counselor at the same term in 1877. He at once entered upon an active practice in Camden, where he soon gained success and wou an enviable jjosition as an able and tal- ented lawyer. He rapidly acquired a large business in all branches of civil procedure, and at first was connected with many important criminal cases in Camden county. Later he engaged more especially in equity and corporation practice, which for .several years has occu- pied his principal attention. Among his noted cases may be men- tioned that of Burrough vs. Branning (the county clerk contest); the Starr will case, 2 Dick.. 244; the Westcott will case, (', Dick., :n5; Dob- bins vs. Cragin, 5 Dick., 040; the Seashore Railroad case, 8 Dick., 073; and Keim vs. O'Reilly, •( Dick., 418. He represented the United States Si; '" "ning Company in the erection of its large plant in Camden, the Standard Telephone Company, which is estab- lishing a large telephone system in Philadelphia in competition with the Bell Telephone Company. In December, 1802, he was admitted BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 329 to the Philadelphia bar, and since then has maintained offices in both that city and Camden. Mr. Harned is a lawyer of great ability, and during' a successful career has displayed fine legal acumen, excellent judgment, and a thorough knowledge of the law. He has long held a high place at the bar. As a Republican he was for several years an active and influen- tial factor in politics, and in 1884 was a delegate to the Republican Na- tional Convention at Chicago. He was an intimate friend of Walt Whitman during the last decade of the distinguished poet's life, was appointed one of his literary executors, and at the request of Whitman spoke at his funeral with Robert G. Ingersoll and others. The " Good Gray Poet " was a frequent visitor at his house, and for a long period dined there every Sunday, on which occasions noted persons were pres- ent to honor the illustrious guest. In 1893 Mr. Harned and his co- executors edited and published " In Re Whitman," which received ex- tended reviews in the leading journals of America and Europe. Mr. Harned is a member of several Philadelphia organizations, in- cluding the Art, Contemporary, University, and Lawyers Clubs, and of various other historical and scientific bodies. He is also a member of the Unitarian church, and was twice elected president of the Unita- rian Club of that city. In his beautiful home at Germantown, Phila- delphia, where he has resided since 1893, he has exemplified his taste for literature and art by collecting a large librar}' and many fine paint- ings. He is a forcible and eloquent speaker, is often called upon to make addresses on public occasions, and has been prominently identi- fied with liberal movements in both thought and action. In August, 1877, he was united in marriage with Miss Augusta A. Traubel. Harry Chase Runyon, Plainfield, son of John C. and Harriet M. (Chase) Runyon, was born April IG, 1809, in Plainfield, N. J., where his father was the publisher of the Central New Jersey Times. He was educated in the public schools, read law with Elias F. Morrow, of Newark, and Hon. Charles A. Reed, of Plainfield, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1892. December 28, 1896, he married Louisa, daughter of Jenio wS. Bakei, of Plainfield, N. J. Clarence Logan Murphy, Plainfield, son of Rev. Thomas Logan Murphy, an Episcopal clergyman, and Annie E. Mixsell, his wife, was pp 330 THK JUDICIAL AND riVlL IllSToKY oF NKW JKRSEY. bom in Tamaqun, I'a., June 3, ISiiS, and came witli his parents to Pluinfield. N. j., in February, 1877. After jjraduating from the North PI. > school he was en^aj^fed in mercantile business in New N' , .., six years, and then read law with Jc»hn H. Van Winkle, :iheld. lie was admitted to practice as an attorney in Feb- ruary, 18l»5. H AKKKR GuMMKKK, Trcuton, son of Samuel R. and Elizal)cth (Drinker) Gummerc, was bt)rn in Burlinj,4on, N. J., in January, 1S22, and was descended from a prominent Ouaker family of Burlington county. Ills father was a leading Whig, and from 1S4() to 1851 served as clerk in chancery, succeeding vStacy G. Potts. Mr. Gummere attended a boarding-school in Providence, R. I., and was graduated from Haver- ford College in 1830. He read law in Trenton with Hon. Henry W. Green, was admitted as an attorney in May, 1845, and as a counselor in June, 1854, and successfully practiced his profession in Trenton until his death, April 10, 1805. He was an advisory master, master, examiner, and clerk in chancery, and acquired a high standing at the bar. During the latter part of his life he was associated with his sons, Samuel R. and Charles E. He married Ivlixabeth, daughter oi Samuel S. Stryker, of Trenton. Charlks Euwaki) Gl.mmkrk, Trenton, born in Trenton, N. J., Feb- ruary 4, 1807, is a S(m of Hon. Barker and Elizabeth (Stryker) Gum- mere, and was educated at Trenton Academy and Lawrencevdle School, graduatinv; in 188«j He read law with his father and was ad- mitted to the New Jersey l)ar in his native city as an attorney Feb- ruary 10, 1801, and as a counselor P'ebruary 23, 1804. October 10, 1804, he married Annie Blair, daughter of Rt. Rev. John Scarborough, bi.shop of New Jersey, and Catherine Trivett, his wife. Mr. Gummere is the attorney for the Pennsylvania Raibijad Company at Trenton. Sami'kl R. Gummkkk, Trenton, was b(jrn in Trenton, .\. J., and was graduated from Princeton College in the same class with his brother, Judge William S. Gummere, of Newark. He was admitted to the bar as an attorney in June, 1873, and as a counselor in June, 187ii. Asa Whitehead, a leading member of the New Jersey liar. praciicinK ;ii Newark. After oal education he became a student in his ■ tlie bar in Sepleniher, 1H40, and hejjan at tice of law, remaininjj with his uncle until 1S4:1, when he ice for himself. In IS.'iCi Mr. Whitehead was ai)i)()inted a - Circuit Court Commissiuner for the District of New Jer- icity it became his duty to investigate complaints for ■. lou (4 Federal Statutes. His i)atience and breadth of le^al „ .^c made him a most admirable committing magistrate. During his long practice Mr. Whitehead has never sought political or«>ther honors j)utside of his i)rofession, the only temptation to which he yielded being the indulgence of his literary tastes. lie had a strong sympathy for the colored race, although never a ])ronounced aboli- tionist, and took great interest in furthering their efforts to obtain the elective franchise. His lectures on history and philology evinced deep research and great familiarity with those subjects, and valuable contributions have been made by him to the legal literature of his Slate. The cause of education has always found in him an earnest advocate. He was a member of the "Public School Committee " of Newark as early as 1845, its meetings being held in his private office. In IS.*)!, after the Legislature had enlarged its powers, as the " Board of Education," its meetings were still held at the same place, Mr. Whitehead being its Secretary and Treasurer until 1S55. The people of Clinton Township, of which he then became a resident, immediately availed themselves of his devotion to the cause of education by select- ing him for their School Superintendent, which position he held for four years. He was, for a long time, Secretary of the State Society of Teachers and Friends of Education, and in the interest of this soci- • much of his leisure time visiting different parts of the State, ling to rouse the people to a realization of the importance of fnrnishing their children with better educational advantages. He was als) a prominent member of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Education, chant, and was educated at the State Model School in Trenton, and Washington and Jefferson College at Washing- ton, Pa. His legal studies were pursued at Harvard Law School and in the office of F. C. Lowthorp, of Trenton, and he was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney at Trenton in June, 18S7, and asacoun- .selor in June, 181K). In September, 18;»2, Mr. ( )liplKuit was married to Margaret S., daughter of Dr. Thomas and Margaret (Stockton) McKennan, of Wash- ington, Pa. Lkvi Tavi.or Hannum, Trenton, born in Trenton, N. J., April 24, 184U, is a son of Joseph Hannum, ami was graduated fr, lS;iT, and received his education in the High School of Philadelphia. He read law with Edgar B. Waketiian, of Jersey City, and was admitted as an attorney in February, ISoS, and as a counselor in February, 1801 He was a member of the New Jersey Assembly in IHiJO, and a law partner in Jersey City of William A. Lewis from 18G3 until his death at Nice, France, February 1.}. 1808. He was a highly respected citizen and an able lawyer. Lansing Zauriskik, Jersey City, the eldest son of Chancellor Ab:a ham O. Zabriskie, was boi;n in Hackensack, N. J., April 'iO, 1837, and received his education at Columbia College. He read law with his father and was admitted to the bar in February, 185'.>, becoming a counselor in November, \A(',2. He practiced for about twenty-five years, but Iwjing fond of travel spent inuch lime abroad. £ik;ak Banks Wakkman, Jersey City, b(»rn in MK NKW IKKSKV. I o Ml iIk- ir.Kui.s (if the Hiirliiii^um Lounly War .1 most respected and honored citi/.ens. He was a commissioner of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, a I'nited S md a master and examiner in chancery. In pol- !■ a Whij;, and in IS").'} he was elected by that party to the Stale Assembly from the First district of Hurlinj4:ton county. I! d with jjreat credit for two years, beinj;^ a member of such I cs as the judiciary, educational, and insane asylum. In isr*") he declined a renomination. At aliout this time he became one of the first members of the Republican party, which he ever afterward sup- ported. In 1800 Governor ( )Idcn appointed him ])rosecutor of the pleas of Burlinjjton county, and he lilkHl that otVice with signal ability for a term of five years. He was a delejjate to the Republican Convention at Chicago in 1.SS4, and was one of the presidential electors for James G. Blaine. He also had charjje of many large estates and was always deeply interested in local affairs. In Bordenlown he was for many years a member of the Public School Board, president and trustee of the Female College, president and director of the Hordcntown Banking (" , and an elder in the First Presbyterian church. lie was also .1 ; of the First National Bank of Trenton. For twer.ty five years he was prominently identified with railroad construction in New Jersey. He was a director of the West Jersey and Atlantic Railway Company and (me of the most active promoters of the Peniberton and Hightstown line. Mr. Hutchinson was married to Ann ICli/.abeth Hamilton, daughter of C<»1. Hamilton of Trenton, N. J., March 2T, 1844. She died August 2, 1845. A daughter, Mary Eliza, died the same year. He married second, February 2:1, 1848, Amy N., daughter of Caleb Shreve, of Hurlingt«m county. They had one son, John P., a lawyer, of Borden- lown. John P. Hutchinson, Bordentown, only son and child of the late Mahlon Hutchinson and Amy N. Shreve, his wife, was born in Borden- town, N. J., March 29, 1849, prepared for college at the Lawrenceville school, and was graduated from Princeton in ISOS. He read law with i -, was admitted to the bar in June, 1872, and since then has I • -- • in his native town, doing mainly an office and ecjuity business. He is a director in the Bordentown Banking Company, and interested in various other corporations in the State. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 345 December 13, 1872, Mr. Hutchinson married Annie, daughter of Isaac Harrison, of Burlington county. vShe died July 2, 1884, leaving two sons, John H. and Isaac H. He married, second, November 11, 1885, Alice, daughter of Michael T. Newbold, of Springfield, N. J., and they have three children: Mahlon, Newbold, and Alice L. Michael T. Newbold, Jersey Cit}^ was born in Springfield, Burling- ton county, N. J., May 11, 1843, was graduated from Yale University in 1865, read law with Frederic Voorhees, of Mount Holly, and at the Albany Law School, and was admitted in this State as an attorney in November, 1868, and as a counselor in 1871. He built up a large and successful practice in Jersey City, where he died March 20, 18i)0. He was a prominent and active Republican. Frank A. Foy, Mount Holly and Philadelphia, was born in Mount Holly, N. J , May 4, 1857, was graduated from Rock Hill College in Maryland in 1877, read law in Philadelphia, Pa., with Earle & White, and was admitted to the Philadelphia bar January 15, 1881, and to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania January 10, 1888. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney February 21, 1889, and as a counselor February 24, 1893, and practiced for several years in both Mount Holly and Philadelphia, but recently has transferred his law business wholly to the latter city. He is a prominent Democrat, was for some time chairman of the Burlington County Democratic Execu- tive Committee, became secretary of the American Catholic Historical Society in 1889, and served as its second vice-president in 1890-91. William Talcott, Jersey City and Paterson, was born at Fort Plain, N. Y. , May 3, 1843, and was a son of William H. Talcott, the engineer who built the inclined planes on the Morris Canal. He attended Phil- lips Academy at Andover, was graduated from Williams College and from Columbia Law School, was adniitted to the bar of Illinois in Feb- ruary, 1871, and for six years practiced his profession in Chicago. He had been admitted in New Jersey as an attorney in November, 1868, and returning became a counselor in November, 1877. He practiced law in Jersey City until 1887, when he moved to Paterson, N. J. In 1882 he was admitted to the New York bar. With Joseph F. Randolph he edited the fifth edition of Jarman on Wills, with American Notes. He died at his brother's in Goshen, N. Y., September 14, 1893. 3V, THK Jri>I irii. i niii«'ii, was ailmiluU lievoort, his wife, l>otli natives of ; . and was born in Somerset county, N. J., May 28, ISlo. Dr , his father, receiveil the dej^ree (jf I). D. from Union Col- 1 for thirty years was professor of theoloj^y in tlie l)iiich Ke- Iheolojjical Seminary at New Brunswick and for a h)ni; time ; : . 1- of metaphysics in Ruty:ers Collej^e. He died in 1852. Mr. Cannon received his preparatory education at the Rutgers (irani- mar School in New Brunswick. Enterinj; Rutgers College in 1821» he was graduated therefrom in 18:j;i, and then took up the study of law with B. R. Brown, of Mount Holly, N. j. He was admitted as an attorney in September, ]S',]i\, and as a counselor in 18.31), and i)racticed his profession in Bordentown, Burlington county, where he died April 21, 188G. He rapidly rose to a foremost place at the bar, and for many years was an acknowledged leader. As an advocate he mani- fested rare good judgment, sound common sense, and keen discrimina- tion, and won universal respect for his great ability and thorough knowledge of the law. He was one (;f the best advocates in the State. His presentation of the fact and the law in the case, his keen analysis of evidence, and his citations of authorities were rapid, clear and decisive. He was fluent in speech, thorough in prei)aration, and brilliant in legal strategy. In 1850 he was appointed by Gov. Daniel Haines as prosecutor of the i)leas of Burlington county and filled that position with great credit for fifteen years, being reap- l^ointed by Governor Price in 1855 and Govern(»r Parker in 18G5. In 1853 President Pierce appointed him United vStates district attcnney for New Jersey and in 1857 President P.uchanan reappointed him to the same office. Early in life Mr. Cannon became an active and inlluenlial factor in the Jeffer.sonian school of Democracy, and in 1845 was elected to the Slate Legislature, where he served with ability and zeal. Later he withdrew from active politics and devoted his time solely to his pro- fession, in which he attained eminent succes.s. In the welfare and pro.s- pcrity of the city of Bordentown, where he lived, he always took a deep interest and was prominently connected with many of its institutions and enterprises, being president of the Gas and Water Works Com- i BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 347 paniesand a director and counsel of the Bordentown Banking Company from its organization until his death. Mr. Cannon was married in November, 1839, to Hannah, daughter of Charles Kinsey, of Burlington, N. J. She died in 1875, and he was again married in 1880 to Sarah, daughter of William Biddle, an old resident of Bordentown, who survives him. His only surviving child, a son, is Charles K. Cannon, of the Hudson county bar. Samuel Cassedy, Jersey City, was born in Hackensack, N. J., June 22, 1790, and was educated in his native town. His elder brother, George, a distinguished member of the Hackensack bar, was three times elected to Congress, serving from 1821 to 1827. Another brother, John, was judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Bergen county, a member and president of the vState Council, member of the Constitu- tional Convention of 1844, and State senator from Hudson county in 1850. Samuel Cassedy removed to Kentucky, where he was admitted to the bar in 1814. Returning to New Jersey he was admitted as an attorney in May, 1816, and the same year became the second lawyer to settle in Jersey City, succeeding James Williams, who was admitted in May, 1812. Mr. Cassedy became a counselor in September, 1833. He was a successful practitioner, a volunteer in the war of 1812, lieu- tenant-colonel on the staff of Governor Vroom, and prosecutor of the pleas of old Bergen county. He died August 30, 1862. Edward D. Gillmore, Jersey City, was born at Fortress Monroe, Va., November 9, 1851, and was a graduate of Rutgers College. He was admitted as an attorney in November, 1875, and as a counselor in 1878, and practiced with Robert Gilchrist, attorney-general of New Jersey. Mr. Gillmore died in 1890. Lewis D. Hardenbergh, Jersey City, was born in New Brunswick, N. J., in 1803, and was a son of Jacob R. Hardenbergh, who was ad- mitted to the bar in February, 1805. His grandfather, Jacob R. Har- denbergh, was the first president of Queen's (now Rutgers) College. Mr. Hardenbergh read law with George Wood, was admitted as an attorney in May, 1825, and as a counselor in November, 1828, and practiced for a time in Utica, N Y. , where Horatio Seymour, subse- quently governor of New York, was a student. Returning to tliis State he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Bergen county in 1836, but resigned, and in 1840 became prosecutor of the pleas of the county of Hudson. He practiced his profession in Jersey City until J48 TIIK JUDICIAL .\NI> CIVIL HISTORY (iF NKW .IKRSKY. 1 anil aftciwanl hcid liic- SL'crctarvshi|) of the Hudson ,\1 (• Company iiiilil his ileath in 1S*)T. lie was one of ihc organizers and first deacons of the Park Kctdrmcd ehiiixli of Ji i- llis son, Jacob R., practiced law in Jersey t'ity several . ,d removed to Omaha, Neb. 1 -UN Dunn Littei.i., Hoboken, son of Richard 1). Liitell, for many years an associate jud^e of Richmond county, N. V., was born al I'orl Richmond, Staten Island, October I'.i, lS-24, and read law with Chan- cellor Williamson, of li)lizabeth, N. J. lie was admitted in this State as an attorney in July, 18<»/), and was the first settled lawyer in Ho- boken, N. J., where he held the office of city clerk. He was a member of the New Jersey Assembly in lS5fi, and prosecutor of the pleas of Hudson county from 1S55 to 1800. He died February H), ISOl, Ma r riiiAS Ot;i)KN, Jersey City, a son of Gov. Aaron O^den, was born in IClizabethtown in 1702, and was graduated from Princeton College in ISIO. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in November, 1S14, and as a counselor in February, 1818, and practiced in Jersey City from 1840 to 1848. He died in July, lHt;o. Kkanki.in Makcellus Oi.ds, Newark, N. J., traces his ancestry ihnnjgh residents of Vermont and Massachu.setts to Windsor, Conn., where Robert Olds settled in 1(;(J8. His father and paternal grand- father were natives of Vermont. Mr. Olds is the son of David Osman and Rosanna Hortense (Seaman) Olds, and was born in Port Hyr<»n, C county, N. v., August 20, 1851. His earlier education was in the public schools and his lirejjaratory studies were pursued at the Academical High School in Aul)urn, N. V. In the fall of 1809 he entered Williams College, from which he was graduated in 1873, taking the highest honors in his class. In 1870 that institution c(^n- ferred upon him the degree of M. A. In the autumn of 1873 he began studies with Cortlandt Parker, esq., of Newark, N. J. Mr. • took a course at Columbia Law School, graduating with the degree of LL. R. in 1877. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar at '•' at the Nf)vember term of the Supreme Court, 1876, as an , and at the same term, 187lt, as a counselor. '.7 Mr. Olds opened a law office in Newark, where he has ever ■ie general practice of his profession, with uniform and . giving es])ecial attention to ecpiity cases. His stead- fastness of purpose, h-is integrity, and his close application, combined I BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 349 with his great abiHty and excellent jiidgment, have won for him a large legal business, and for many years he has been a recognized leader of the Essex county bar. Seeking no political or judicial ])referment, never accepting public office, he has steadily and successfully pursued an honorable career. Mr. Olds has also engaged with equal success in several commercial ventures and enterprises. As a pastime he has given much attention to forestry, arboriculture, and landscape gardening. He is enabled to gratify his taste in these directions by the ownership of a fine country estate at Mountain Dale, Sullivan county, N. Y., in which locality Mr. Olds's mother was reared, her father, Rev. Isaac Seaman, late of Middle- town, N. Y., having been settled there for a time. On Christmas day, 1878, Mr. Olds was married to Miss Catherine Austin Walker, adopted daughter of S. D. Lauter, of Newark, N. J. She died February 20, 1897, and their only child, Jane Louisa Olds, born September 29, 1879, died November 2, 1884. William Young Johnson, born in Blawenburg, N. J., April 14, 1845, was a son of Henry D. and Catherine (Young) Johnson, and a descend- ant of Ruth Johnson, who came to this country from Germany with two brothers, Samuel and William, in the sixteenth century, and set- tled in Princeton, N. J. He was graduated from Princeton College in 1865, read law with Hon. John P. Stockton, of Trenton, and was ad- mitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in June, 1868, and as a counselor in June, 1871. He was assistant to Attorney- General Stock- ton, his legal preceptor and later his law partner, from the hitter's appointment in 1877 until his death on October 27, 1895, in Princeton, where he resided. Jonathan Dickinson Miller, Jersey City, was born January 22, 1804, in Soraerville, Somerset county, N. J., where his family lived for many generations. He was admitted as an attorney in May, 1827, and as a counselor in May, 1830, and was the third lawyer to practice in Jersey City, where he was a ])rominent and active citizen for forty years, becoming quite wealthy. He died in June, 1867. He married Ann Eliza, daughter of John Van Voorst, a grandson of the Cornelius Van Voorst who is known in history as " Faddy." William Cullen Morris, Belvidere and Jersey City, son of Dr. Jon- athan Ford Morris, and a grandson of Major James Morris, of Revolu- tionary fame, was born at Middlebrook, Somerset county, N. J., Feb- .liO THE JUDICIAL AND (MVII. HISTOKV ny SKW JKRSKY. '\ was cdmalctl al Uic v^oiiuTviiii-, ( .\ . J.) Academy. [i John FicIiiij^liiiystMi and (icoiiic McDonald, and was admittctl to ihc New Jersey bar in Xovciubcr. Isis. For thirty-one \ ! his profession in Hclvidcre, X. J., where for a qnar- c was i)rosecutor of the pleas of Warren connty. Re- ■ lience to Jersey City he held for four years from 184I> a posi- :i ihe New York custt)m house, and then resumed his law i)rac- In ISr.l he was appointed a lay judj^'^e of Hudson county antl held that office until his death May i;, 1870. Jiidpe Morris married a dauj^htcr of Adjutant-C ieneral Stryker, and their children were Dr. Theodore F., Francis H., and William C. Mor- ris, and Mrs. Jehiel CJ. Shipman. Ri( iiAKi) D. Mt Clf.i. I. \M>, Jersey City, the son of a Rutjjers Collej^e ; • ■. was born in New Hri-nswick, N. J., in 1824, and for seven \ .>wed the sea, having a itjate's license when he bejjan the study of hiw m Jersey City with E. R V. Wrij^ht, which he finished with Th<»masW. James. He wasadmilted in November, 1851, becamcacoun- selor in November, 1854, and served as corporation counsel of Jersey City from May, 1854, until his death August 23, 1868. He was also cor- |Kiration counsel of Hudson City, prosecutor of the pleas of Hudson county, and an alderman of Hudson City, (now a part of Jersey City), the holding three offices from 18 . and Hope l-'orman, of ' 1, N. J. One of his daughters married Gov. Joseph D. Hedlc her is the wife of Flavel McCiee, of Jersey City. Bknjami.n F. Lek, Trenton, born in Port l'>lizabeth, N. J., in 1S:*8, is the son of Hon. Thomas Lee, a prominent man in public afTairs, sev- • ' terms a member of Congress and the State Legislature, and a suc- v.;..>:,tul merchant in Port Elizabeth, where he died in 18o(). Col. Fran- cis Lee, a brother of Thomas, and an officer in the regular army, was I -raduate of West Point and a distinguished veteran of the Mexican Hr. Thomas Lee, another mm 7'j, !!■- \va> appoiiut-M a i iiiuu Suiu-^ Supreme Court com- r. He is also a special master and exaniiucr in chancery. Mr. Morjjiin has been an active and i)r()minent Republican for twenty ■ lime has been chairman of the Republican County > ommittees of the city and county of Camden. He was a member of the Camden City Council from 187? to 1881 and aj^ain in 18S3 and 1S84, and since 1SS4 has served efficiently as city solicitor. In ISH-t he was solicitor for the Camden County Board of Chosen Free- holders. As a lawyer he has won hij^h rank at the bar, has acted as ■ in a number of important city and railroad cases, and during twelve years has been the lej^al representative of the Philadel- phia and Rcadin},' Railroad Company in South Jersey. Heisadirector of the First National Hank, of the Security Trust and Safe Deposit Company, of the Camden "Lighting: and Heatinj^- Company, and of the West Jersey Title and Guarantee Company, all of Camden; president of the Camden, Gloucester, and Wctodbury Railway Company; and receiver for the Hij^hland Worsted MillsCompany, of Camden. Under the old U. S. law he was the assistant in Camden to the chief supervisor of electit, 188»;, at the aj^e of forty-nine. Mr. Conard attended the State Model School at Trenton and com- pleted his education at Swarlhniore Collcjje, He read law in his native city with Linton Satlerthwait, was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney at the February term, 1S*I5, and since then has successfully practiced his profession in Trenton. Thou;,di one of the youngest members of the Mercer county bar, Mr. Conard has already won a gitod reputation as an energetic and able lawyer, and has proba- bly tried and argued more cases than any practitioner of his age in the State. Louis Henry Noe, IClizabeth, son <>f Daniel Ilnrt and Mary (Oshorn) Noc, was born in Summit, UnicMi county, N J.. May 8, 1845, read law with Hon. William J. Magie, of Elizabeth, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1809, and as a counselor in November, 1878. He has always practiced his profession in l'2li/abeth, being a partner of Judge Magie from 1809 to 1880, of Frank Bergen and Joseph Cross from 1880 to 1884, and of Mr. Cross as Cross & Noe, since the latter year. Mr. Noe has made a specialty of real estate law and the exami- nation of lilies. In 1874 he married Mary Emma, daughter of Dr. James Bryan, of Elizabeth, N. j. \V II. Skikm, Trenton, was ])<)rn at that city January 17. 1841. When quite young he entered the wholesale grocery house of Forst & Taylor, and subsequently became a member of the firm, which has continued the business to the present time as D. P. F«jrst & Co. The prosperous condition of Pennington Seminary is largely due to his per- sonal labors and his management of its financial affairs, he having served as its treasurer for fifteen years; he lias carried its financial in- terests through a long period of doubt and debt and placed it on the solid foundation on which it now stands. In 18G0 he became a member of Company A, an independent military organization under Capt. William R. Murphy, which later became a part of the 7th Regi- ment; he served as lieutenant and captain, and declined the rank of major, but accepted the nomination for colonel, to which ollice he was elected June 9, 1890 Colonel Skirm has been very active in ])olitical life; has been twice a delegate to National Republican Conventions, for .several years a member of the State Republican Committee, and BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 357 chairman of the Republican County Committee. In 1892 he was nom- inated for State senator, and received the largest majority ever given for that office in Mercer county. Joseph Mackey Roseberry, Belvidere, was born near Belvidere, Warren county, N. J., December 3, 1852, and is a son of Joseph M. Roseberry and Sallie A. Depiie, his wife. John Roseberry, the pro- genitor of the family in America, was of Scotch descent and settled at Phillipsburg, N. J., about 1750. He married the daughter of William Phillips, the founder of the town of Phillipsburg and for whom it was named. When Mr. Roseberry settled there he possessed considerable wealth and at his death left a very large estate. His brother in-law was Gen. John Phillips of the Revolutionary war. Mrs. Roseberry, mother of the subject of this record, was the daughter of Abraham Depue, son of Benjamin Depue, a commissary during the Revolutionary war, who married Catherine, daughter of Col. Abraham Van Campen, who was appointed first judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Sussex county in 1761 and commanded a New Jersey regiment in the French and Indian war. Mrs. Roseberry's progenitor in America was Nicholas Dupuis, a French Hnguenot, who fled from France to Holland during the period of religious persecution, and thence to America in the ship " Purmerland Church," and settled in New York city in October, 1662. Joseph M. Roseberry was graduated from Princeton College in 1877, and obtained his legal education in the office of J. G. Shipman & Son, of Belvidere. He was admitted to the bar as attorney at the Novem- ber term in 1880, and at the February term in 1887 as a counselor, and since his admission has been in active and successful practice in Belvi- dere. He is one of the counsel in New Jersey for the United States Pipe Line Company and Harry W. Breckenridge in their litigation with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company ; was also one of the counsel in the trial of Michael Bolak, indicted for the murder of Michael Bolingshire, and was counsel for George Elmer Ike, indicted for the murder of Captain Fagan, and for Alexander Owlzewski for the murder of Simon Barin- owski, and has tried several important cases against railroad companies for personal injur}' and damages to propert3\ He was chairman of the Warren County Re])ublican Committee for several years. Mr. Roseberry is recognized by his brethren of the legal profession as an able, earnest and conscientious lawyer, devoted to his duties, and worthy of his well earned standing. r.' ' " !'!<■' ^' VM' «'IVIL mSToUY OK NKW JKKSKY Auj^ubl lit, lM»l. he w.is inairicd in lU'lvidcro, t<> Miss Mary Winter While, ilaunhlerol 'iMuunas and Rose (Winter) White. They have one son, Joseph While Rosebcrry, horn Ai)ril 29, 1S1»7. Jkkemiam a. Kif.rnan, Elizabeth, son of I'atrick J. and Mar^^aret C. (Kelly) Kiernaji, was l)orn in New York city Ajiril '-.', ls71, wasedncated at the Klizabeth Ilij^h School, and St. Joseph's t'onvent at Madison. N. J , read law with Jndj;es P. 11. (iilhooly and T. F. McCorniick, of Klizabeth, and was j^radnated from the New York Law School in lSi)4. He was admitted as an attorney in 18!).*), and as a counselor in Novem- l)er, 189G, and has been in active practice in Elizabeth since his ad- mission. TicKoDoRK C Enci ISM, IClizabctli, a member of one of the old fam- ilies of Monmouth county, is a son of Rev. James T. and Mary E. (Jobs) Enjjlish and a grandson of James Robinson Eny^lish, of Englishtown, N. J., and was born at Liberty Corner, Somerset county, Sei)tember 19, 1850. He was graduated from Lafayette College at Easton, I*a. , in 187:J, read law with J. R. & X. English of Elizabeth, and was ad- mitted as an attorney in June, 1JS70, and as a counselor in June, 1881. He has been successfully engaged in the general practice of his pro- fession in Elizabeth since his admission to the bar. Jt)HN Francis Caiiii, I , Paterson, was born May lo, 18.57, in Rensse- laer county, N. Y., a son of Lawrence E. and Rosetta (Reynolds) Cahill, and received an academic and collegiate education. In 187-1 he came to Paterson, read law with James Adams, Z. ^L Ward, and Will- iam A. Fonda, and at the New York Law School, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1878, and as a counselor in February, 1881, and to the U. S. Circuit and District Courts in June, 1881. He was also admitted to the New York bar in March, 1894. Jacob C. Hknurickson, Mount Holly, born in New Egypt, Ocean county, N. J., January 12, 1855, came to Mount Holly when sixteen, and attended the Mount Holly Ajademy and Princeton College three years. He read law with his brother, Charles E., and was admitted to the bar in November, 1881, as an attorney, and in November, 1884, as a counselor. In 1881 he married Hannah A., youngest daughter of Hon. Andrew H. Fort, and since then has lived in Pembcrton. He is an ardent Democrat, has stumped his county and State in nearly every campaign since he became of age, and was clerk of the Board of Free- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 359 holders one term, solicitor for the board two terms, and was assistant prosecutor of the pleas imder his brother one year. Joshua Engle Borton, Camden, son of William T. and Martha (Lu- kens) Borton, was born in Mount Laurel, Burlinoton county, N. J., November 1, 1863, and received his education in the public schools of his native town, in the High School at Moorestown, N. J., and at the State Normal School in West Chester, Pa. He read law in Camden, with Jenkins & Jenkins and afterwards with Thomas B. Harned, and was admitted to the bar at Trenton as an attorney in November, 1884, and as a counselor in June, 1888. Mr. Borton has successfully practiced his profession in Camden, N. J., since his admission in 1884, and for several years has held a high place at the bar of South Jersey. He is a Supreme Court commis- sioner, a special master in chancery, and the attorney for Chester township, Burlington county. In November, 1805, and again in No- vember, 1896, he was elected to the New Jersey Assembly from Bur- lington county by handsome majorities, the first time by about 2,200. He resides in Moorestown, N. J. William Pintard, Red Bank, born February 20, 1851, in Red Bank, N. J., is a son of Isaac A. and Catharine (Minton) Pintard, and a de- scendant of Samual Pintard, a Huguenot, who came from Rochelle, France, to Shrewsbury, Monmouth county, prior to 1670. He read law with Bedle, Muirheid & McGee, of Jersey City, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1878, and as a counselor in November, 1881. In 1885 he was elected to the Legislature, and was journal clerk of the Senate one term and of the House two terms. In August, 1896, he was appointed postmaster at Red Bank by President Cleveland, and was reappointed in January, 1897. John Maxwell Sherrerd, Belvidere, born in Mansfield, Warren county, N. J., September, 6, 1794, was the eldest son of Samuel and Ann (Maxwell) Sherrerd, and a grandson of John Sherrerd, who came from London, Eng. He was graduated from the College of New Jer- sey in 1812, read law with his uncle, Hon. George Maxwell, and later with Hon. Charles Ewing, and was admitted as an attorney in Novem- ber, 1816, and as a counselor in February, 1831. He began practice in Flemington with his uncle, William Maxwell, but in 1818 returned to Mansfield. He became the first surrogate of Warren county and set- tled in Belvidere in 1826, and died there May 26, 1871. For more than THK JI'DUIAI, AND CIVIL IIISToKY oK NKW JKUSEV. he was leader of ihe bar of Nortli Jersey. He was a pronii- vlerian, a JefTersonian Ikinocrat. an «»U1 line Whi^, and a K- !, and in 181S married Sarah I'.rown, of I'hihidelphia. Samukl Siikkrkrd, Helvidere, son of John M. and Sarah Sherrerd, ^v ■' ■ lelphia, Pa., April 2't, 181H, graduated from Prince- l,.. - ,s, read law with his father in Helvidere and with Judge 11. 1> Maxwell, of Kaston, Pa., and was admitted to the bar in Pennsylvania in |S4*^. From that time until 1807 he followed his pro- fession or business i)ursuits in that State and in the South. In 1867 he relumed to lielvidere, and later was appointed law jud>(e of Warren county. He died there in 1S81. In 1847 he married a daughter of the laic (ieneral Samuel R. Hamilton, of Trenton. Wii.i.iAM Patkrson, Princeton and New Brunswick, born cinf 174.') in the north of Ireland, came to America when two years of aj^e, and wa.s jjraduated from the Collej^^e of New Jersey in 1763. He read law with Richard Stockton, the signer, was licensed as an attorney in 176I>, began practice in Bromley, Hunterdon county, and later removed to Princeton. He was a delej^ate and secretary of the Provincial Con- gress of 177'>, member and secretary of the Congress which met at Burlington in 1776, and in 1776 became attorncy-^^eneral of New Jer- sey. He was also a member of the Lc;.,Mslative Council, and in 1783 resumed practice in New Brunswick. In 1787 he was a member of the convention which met at Philadelphia to frame the Federal constitu- tulion and later was U. S. senator one year. In 1790 he was chosen governor of New Jersey by the Ley:islature to fill the unexpired term of Governor Livingston, deceased, and was re- elected. In 1702 he was authorized to codify all the statutes of Great Britain which prior to the Revolution were in force in the colony of New Jersey, together with those passed by the Provincial and State Legislatures. This occupied his time for six years. In 1795 President Washington appointed him assf>ciate justice of the U. S. Supreme Court, which position he filled until his death September 9, 1806. He was an able .statesman, an up- right jjidge, and a distinguished citi/.en. From him the city of Pater- son, N. J., was named. He was a member of the Presbyterian church and a trustee of their college at Princeton fnmi 1787 to 1802. J«>HN S. Dk Hart, Jersey City, born Novembers, 1837, at Chatham, N. J., is a son of Albert and Sarah Elizabeth (Carter) De Hart, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1860. He read law with GEORGE REYNOLDS. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 361 George Gage, of Dover, and Van Clev^e Dalrimple, of Morristovvn, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 18G4, and as a counselor in June, 1807. He practiced in Morristown till 1808, when he moved to Jersey City. In 1808 he married Madana F. Fuller, of North' fridge, Mass. Randolph Perkins, Jersey City, son of James 11. and li^lizabeth (Kelley) Perkins, was born November 30, 1871, in Dunellen, N. J., read law with Judge John A. Blair, of Jersey City, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1893, and as a counselor in June, 1800. Since his admission he has been associated with the firm of Blair & Crouse. Theodore Little, Morristown, is the oldest living lawyer in Morris county. He was admitted as an attorney in November, 1841, and as a counselor in February, 1845, and is also a vSupreme Court commis- sioner. Socrates Tuttle, Paterson, the fourth child of Horatio Tuttle, a blacksmith of Colebrook, Coos county, N. H., was a lineal descendant of John Tuttle, who came with his brother William from England and settled in Ipswich, Mass., in 1040. William located in New Haven, Conn. Lieut. Jonathan Tuttle, grandfather of Socrates and a de- scendant of John, was born in Littleton, Mass , September 30, 1753. and became an officer in the Continental army in the Revolutionary war, being in the battles of Trenton and Princeton. August 0, 1781, he married Catharine Gray, born in Salem, Mass , in September, 1702, and of their children Horatio was born December 20, 1700, and died December 31, 1842. Horatio's wife, Betsey Thomas, died Octo- ber 1, 1842. Mr. Tuttle was born in Colebrook, N. H., November 10, 1810, and spent his early life in the village school and at his father's forge, learning the blacksmith's trade. When twenty-one he came to New Jersey and first settled at Blue Ball, Monmouth county, where he taught school from December, 1841, to March, 1844. He then removed to Paterson where he spent the remainder of his life, and where he read law with James Speer and later with Benjamin W. Vandervoort, being admitted as an attorney in April, 1848, and as a counselor in 1851. In 1848 he was also appointed a solicitor in chancery. For many years he probably did more legal work than any other lawyer in Paterson. He possessed extensive knowledge of the law, much natural wit, and a copious flow of language, and was a successful jury pleader. He was well known as a criminal lawyer and civil advocate. From TT 36'i THK Jt'PKMAL \NI> ClVII, HISToKV oV NKW .IKitSEY. IS73 to IS80 he had as his partner Ih.ii. J.ihii W. (Iri^^^js. lM>r many .1 fur llic I)., L. iV \V. Railroad and the .Society for I Manufactures in I'alerson. lie was clerk of the 1 ls.*)l ami 1S.'»2, nieniher of the Hoard of Chosen I : , I.: I'assaic county in IKArj and its counsel in IXl'ui ami fr> :.. - lo 1871; member of the New Jersey Lej4islature from tiie Second dislriet of Passaic ecninty ill lSt;i and iSC.'^'. mayor of I'aterson in 1S71 ajul 1HT2, and the Republican candidate for State senator in 1867. lie was ori^jinally a Whij;. He was a member and f(jr many years a trustee of the First Presbyterian church of Patcrson and a director of the Old Ladies' Home. He was made a Mason in Paterson Oranjje Lodj^'e No. 43, in 18.57, and in 18(30 was its master. Amoni; his law students were Governor Griggs and Vice-President Garret A. Hobart. Mr. Tuttle was highly respected, and during an active life enjoyed universal confidence and esteem. He was gifted as a leader of men. He died February 12, is8.=i. May "i'.l, 1848, he married Jane, daughter of lialtus and Esther Win- ters, of Paterson, who died June 14, 1849, leaving one daughter, Jane, now the wife of Hon. (iarret A. Hobart, vice-president of the United States. In November, 185*2, Mr. Tuttle married Mary, eldest daugh- ter of William Dickey, of Pater.son. She died August 25, 18G1) having been the mother of six children: Charles M., a lawyer of Washington, N. J.; William D., of Paterson; Minnie and Eli/al)eth M., who died young; Lilian, who died at the age of seven; and Hobart, a lawyer of Patenson. Mr. Tuttle afterward married li^lizabcth A., widow of Dr. F. S. Weller, an eminent ])hysician of Paterson and a surgeon in the U. S. Army. HoiiART TuTTi.E, Paterson, youngest son and child of .Socrates and Mary (Dickey) Tuttle, was born in Paterson, N. J., on the 25th of August, 1800, and received a thorough education in the public and private schools of his native city. He read law there with Hon. Garret A. Hobart and Kugene Stevenson, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in June, 1895. Since then he has practiced his profession in Paterson. When (Governor (iriggs assumed the office of governor of the Slate he appointed Mr. Tuttle his jjrivate secretary. MxRTiN RosKNKRANs, Newton, born September 11, 184:$, in Walpack t..urw5,n. ^.wscx couuty, is a son of Everett and Mary (Buss) Rosen- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 363 krans, a great grandson of John Rosenkrans, a colonel in the Revolu- tionary war, and a grandson of Benjamin Rosenkrans, an officer in the war of 1812, He was graduated from Princeton College in KS(;7 as B. A., and received the degree of M. A. in 1870. He read law with Capt. Lewis Van Blarcom, of Newton, and was admitted as an attor- ney in June, 1870, and as a counselor in June, 1873. He has been di- rector and counsel of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Sussex county and chairman of the Newton Board of Education. March 21, 1871, he married Martha, daughter of Samuel Van Blar- com, of Sussex county. Gordon Edward vSherman, Morristown, born in Morristown, N. J., August 11, 1854, is a son of Byron and Julia (Burnham) Sherman, and a direct descendant on his mother's side of Cornelius Melyn, the patroon, who took up Staten Island under the States-General, about 1G42. He is also descended from Dr. Jonathan Dickinson, the founder and first president of Princeton University. The Shermans are de- scended from John Sherman, who came from England to Watertown, Mass., about 1630. Byron Sherman settled in Morristown about 1858, and for many years was connected with the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. Gordon E. Sherman was educated in Lau- sanne, Switzerland, and was graduated from Yale College in 1870 as Ph. B. He received the degree of LL.B. from Washington University in St. Louis in 1878, read law with Frederick G. Burnham, then of Morristown, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1871), and as a counselor in February, 1883, when he was appointed examiner in chancery. He began practice in Newark. He was admitted to the New York bar in 1885. William Stickles Banta, Hackensack, is a lineal descendant of Epke Jacob Banta, who was born in Harlingen, West Friesland, Holland, and who sailed from Amsterdam in the ship De Trouw, for America, Feb- ruary 13, 1659. He settled in what is now Bergen county, N. J., and became one of the judges of the Oyer and Terminer in 1679. Ian (John) Banta, one of his direct descendants, located at Pascack, in Washington township, about 1750 and died there, being succeeded by his eldest son, Hendrick Banta, who was born May 27, 1749. The latter died Febru- ary 15, 1803, leaving about five hundred acres of land in Bergen count}' which was divided among the five sons. He also had three daughters. His son, Henry H. Banta, born at Pascack, September 30, 1784, was ,'. ( THK JI'MICIAL AND (MVII, HISTOFIV (>K NKW .IKKSKV. .1 .cr bv trade, but spent his active life as a farmer ami inerehant. It. . ^... ..o removed to Ilackensaek, and, with his brother Tennis, car- ried on a jjcnernl mercantile business until his death in February, lH4'.t. He was postmaster <»f llackensack for several years, ranked as adjulanl in the State militia, was a justice of the peace and by appointment served as a lay judjje of the Court of Common Pleas of Herj^^en county fr»»m 1829 to 1H34 and 183S to 1H4S. 1 U- married Jane, dauj^^hter of William Sickles of Rockland county, X. V., who died in 1S7U, ajjcd seventy six. She was descended from Zacharias Sickles, who came originally from Vienna, Austria, to Holland, and thence to Curaeoa, one of the West India Islands, where he met (Governor Peter Stuyvesant, with whom he came to New York and thence in 1055 to Albany. Zach- arias Sickles is regarded as the common ancestor of the Sickles family in America. Judge Henry H. Banta had three children: Margaret (deceased), William S. and Jane (Mrs. John De Peyster Stagg), of llackensack. William S. Hanta was born in Pascack, P>crgen county, December IZ, 1824. He was educated in the public schools and at the private classi- cal school of Rev. John S. Mabon, in Hackensack, and was graduated from Rutgers College in 1844. He read law with Hon. A. O. Zabris- kie, of Hackensack, and was admitted to the bar of New Jer.sey as an attorney in October, 1847, and as a counselor in April, 1851. He sub- sequently became a special master in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner. In the spring of 1848 he opened an office in Hackensack where he continued in successful practice until his retirement from the more active duties of the profession in 1808. During this period of twenty years he established a wide reputation as an able and painstaking lawyer. He was prosecutor of the pleas of Bergen county from 18G(> to 180S, when he resigned. In 1872 he was appointed law judge of the county of Hergen to fill the unexpired term of Judge (ireen, and (jn April 1, 187:j, he was reappointed for a full term of five years. In 187^ Gov- ernor McClellan appointed him associate judge of the same court, and h" ifTved in that capacity until the exjjiration of his term in 1884. P>anta, on leaving the bench, retired from the active duties of , ' i> ssion and his since devoted his time largely to the care of his private interests. He is widely recogni/.ed for his sound judgment, ;y, and knowledge of the law. In educational matters he Vy ])rominent. He was sehodi superintendent of New n county, tmder the old law, and afterward was ap- BTOGRAnilCAL REGISTER. 305 pointed, with Rev. Albert Amerman, one of the board of examiners for teachers of public schools by the Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders, a position he held for several years. In 1802 Governor Olden appointed him commissioner of the draft for the county of Ber- gen, in accordance with orders of the general government, and in tliis capacity he carried out in a highly creditable manner the provisions of the order by making an enrollment of all persons in the county liable to military duty. Within a month of the time appointed for the draft several companies volunteered, thus filling the quota required for Ber- gen county. This was a part of the machinery of the vState inaugurated and set in motion by Governor Olden, who was pre-eminently the war governor of New Jersey, and who more than any other man established that system which it was impossible to reverse and which ranked the State among the first in the Union during the entire Rebellit^n. Judge Banta was also deputy internal revenue collector for the county of Bergen during a part of the war period. He has been a member of the Hackensack Improvement Commission, was for several years president of the Hackensack Gas Light Company, and for a long time was sec- retary of the old Bergen County Mutual Insurance Company. On May 30, 1850, Judge Banta married Sarah,. daughter of John and Caty Ann (Hopper) Zabriskie of Hohokus, N. J., who died in 1853, leaving a son, who died in infancy. In May, 1801, he married hei sister, Adelia, who died in 1809. March 10, 1870, he was married to Jane Anne, daughter of Abraham H. and Maria (Anderson) Berry of Hackensack, and a lineal descendant of John Berry, one of the original patentees of Bergen county. Henry Cooper Pitney, Jr., Morristown, son of Henry C. and Sarah Louisa (Halsted) Pitney, was born August 0, 1850, in Morristown, N. J., and was educated at the academy and a classical school in his native place. He entered Princeton College in wSeptember, 1874, and was graduated as B. A. in June, 1877, and in 1880 received the degree of M. A. He read law in Morristown with Pitney & Youngblood, was admitted as an attorney in June, 1880, and as a counselor in February, 1884. In 1880 he began practice with Pitney tS: Youngblood, and in 1885 formed a copartnership with his father, who went on the chancer}- bench in 1880. Since then he has been associated with his lirother Mahlon. Mr. Pitney is secretary of the Washington Association of rrr.r, thk .irniriAL AND civii. iii.-^toky of nkw jkrsky. .\» *> jii>^.> ti MouLslown. Jiiiu' \',, isui, lie luarrieil Laura (Irace Piitnatn WikhI, daughter of Julia A. ami the laic Andrew J. W(mk1, formerly of Orange, N. j. I'M Ani»kkson, Jersey City, born I'chruary tl'>, ISOK, in (ilasgow, ...tud, is a s«»n t»f Peter and Helen (Smith) Anderson, and came to America with his parents in 18(51). He was jijraduated from the Jersey City High School in 1HS5, read law with the late James Klemniing, was graduated as LL. H. from the law department of the I'niversity of New York City in 1893. and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1889, and as a counselor in June, 1892. r,n»R<,K W. I'l.A ACKK, Jk., JcTscy City, son of (leorj^e W. and R. Li>uise (Smith) I'laacke, was born in Jersey City, October «», 1ST4, was graduated from the New York Law School in 1S94, read law in Jersey City with Vredenbury;h & (iairetson. and was admitted as an attorney in November. 1895. \V\i IKK 11 ALSTED CoNDicT, Jersey City, born June 21, 1871, in New- ark, N. J , is the son of Rev, Walter and Adelaide (Hurnct) Condict, attended the Lawrenccville School, and was j^iaduatcd from Princeton College in 189;{. He^ead law at the New York Law School and with Randolph, Condict & I'lack, of Jersey City, and was admittc, and as a counselor in February, 1808. lie first formed a ])artner.ship BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 367 withVice-Chancellor Van Fleet in Flemington, but one year later (ISG(i) went to Trenton and became associated with ex- Senator Richey. In 1875he remov^ed to Newark, where he practiced until his appoiutnicnt as vice chancellor, aehievino- eminent success and a wide reputation. He became an advisory master in chancery by appointment of Chancellor McGill, who on January 20, 1805, also appointed him vice-chancellor to succeed A. V. Yaii Fleet, deceased. Mr. Emery resides in Morris- town. He was married October G, 1885, to Alia Mackie, daughter of James S. and Annie Robb Mackie, of Newark. Their children are Alia, John, Steuart, and Theodore. William W. Watson, Passaic, born March 1, 18G9, in Passaic, N. J., is a son of Thomas R. and Caroline (Rand) Watson, was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy and Columbia Law School, read law with Eugene Emley and William Nelson, of Paterson, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1892, and as a counselor in November, 1895. In August 189G, he was appointed crc/ interim by Governor Griggs as judge of the District Court of Passaic, and in February, 1897, was re- appointed for a full term of five years. Reuben M. Hart, Hackensack, born in Montreal, Can., was edu- cated at Nicolet and Jesuit Colleges, was graduated from McGill University, and read law in Canada with Judge Cornwallis Munn and Sir James Rose. He was admitted to the Montreal bar, and, finally, in 1882, settled in Hackensack, N. J. He was for seven years the offi- cial stenographer of the Second judicial district of New J"ersey. He was admitted as an attorney in this State in June, 1889, and as a coun- selor in June, 1802. George W. Flaack, Jersey City, was born in New York city March 12, 1850, was graduated from Columbia Law School, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1875. William Budo Deacon, Mount Holly, born near Rancocas, N. J., November 10, 1837, read law with Hon. John C. Ten Eyck, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1850. He was clerk of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Burlington county from 18G1 to 18G6, was deputy United States marshal under his father from 1861 to 1868, when the latter died, and he was appointed United States marshal by Justice Green to serve out the unexpired term, which ended in May, 368 TIIK JUDICIAL AM' l Inlcriial l\t\ liiuc li'Mii \SiU', In 1M»*J, hclil a position in tlii.- Slate treasurer's otVice from IS? I to I S75. and wa-s elected li» the Assembly in is;; ami is 'Is ami later to ite .", ISS'i, he was appointed I'niled .Stales marshal by I'resi- Arthiirand served till April •,»<», isso, and on March "^(t, ISS'j, he appointed fur a lull term of f<»ur years. lie continued in ,...-. ;!i Mt)unt H»»lly, when not interrupted by oHicial duties, till alx)Ut 1890, when he j;ave up law and enjjaj^ed in the coal business. He has always been an active ami prominent Repid)lican. (iKoKt.K Wai.ki k Jknkins, Morristown, was born in Calasaufiua, I'a , entered Yale Collej^je, and was <;raduated in lsTI('IAL AND civil, IIISTOKY oK NKW JKRSKY. ;U1 l)c alli»wcil nuihin;^. The Supreme Coiirl sus- ml, but it was reversed by the Court of Appeals. In this ease Mr. Van Fleet was associated with Attorney-deneral Kre- linjjhuysen. who conceived so hijjh an opinion of his abilities that he afterward gave him his warmest support for judicial ))osition. Mr. Van Fleet was also one of the leadinjj counsel in the celebrated Van- dcrvcer will case, in which his clients were successful in the court of last resort. This case was the first ajipeal ever allowed from the decree of the ordinary. Soon afterward — in May, 1S75 — he was ap- I>ointet the nrni ot Suydam & Jaekson, and since Mr. Jackson's tlcalli in April, 1S'»! '• 'is practiced alone. lie is therefore the snccessor of his le^^al pi. . who formally years were eminent lawyers in that part <»f the Slate. Mr. C and aj^ain in IH'.h; he was elected to the New Jersey As.sembly, where he was twice a member of the Judiciary Com- mittee and durin^i the session of 1S07 chairman of the Committee <»n Elections. For about ten years he has been a director of the American Mutual Insurance Company of Plainfield. He is also a director of the First National Hank of that city; (»ne of the board of managers of the I*lainfield Hoard of Trade; a director, the counsel, and one of the or- jjanizcrs of the Plainfield liuildinjj;^ and Loan Association ; and a trus- tee of the First M. IC. church of Plainfield. On Thanksgiviu}.! day, IHKIJ, he was married to Rachel Ruuyon. only child of !s.'»ac S. Runyon, of Millinjjton, N. j. Pim.ANDi^k H. PiKKsoN, Morristown, born in Monistown, N. J.. De- cember :J0, 1S54, is a son of Edward Picr.son and Anna M. Siyre, his wife, and received a select school education. He read law with Charles E. Pierson and Pitney cV Voun^blood, of Morristown, and came to the bar as an attorney in June, 1877, and as a coun.selor in June, 18H(). He was married June 4, 1SS4, to Antoinette Smith Freeman, dauj^hter of Rev. James M. Freeman and Juliette, his wife. Mr. Pierson is a Supreme Court commi.ssioner and a special master and examiner in chancery. Cmaki.ks l''nwAki) Pikrson, Morristown, son of lulward Pierson and Anna M. Sayrc, his wife, was born June 27, 1847, in Morristown, and was j^raduatcd from Princeton CoUej^e in 1808. He read law with Pit- ney & Younj^blood, of Morristown. and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1871, and as a counselor in June, 1874 He iiraeticed in Morris- town until his death, February 24, 1875. John K. Enoi.ish, Elizabeth, son «»f James R. English, was born in JOSEPH M. ROSEBERRY. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 37.{ Elizabeth, N. J., read law with his father, and was admitted to [he bar in June, 1896. James W. Fikld, Orange, only child of James and T.ydia Lindsley Field, was born vSeptember 1, is;]]. He is descended from Robert Field, of England, who was a patentee at Flushing, L. I., in M'A'). He read law with Philip Kingsley and John L. Blake, of Orange, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1855, and as a counselor in November, 1871. October 15, 1850, he married Josephine, daughter of Joseph and Ann M. Embury Kissam, and has two children, Joseph Kissam and Lizzie Embury. Mr. Field is a Democrat, and has been a member of the vestry of St. Mark's Episcopal cinirch of Orange since 1865. Joseph Kissam Field, Orange, was admitted as an attorney in June, 1879, and as a counselor in June, 1883. William R. Rvan, Passaic, born June 17, 1872, in Passaic, N. ]., is a son of William and Elizabeth (Meade) Ryan, read law with thic late Edward C. Moore, of Passaic, and at the New York Law School, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1895. He was a justice of the peace for several years and is now a member of the Passaic Board of Education. Charles F. Hill, Newark, born in Limerick, York county. Me., June 26, 1822, read law with iiis uncle, Joshua Hill, a partner of Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, and was admitted to the bar of Maine in 1845. He began practice in vSearsport, Me., whence he removed in 1851 to Wolf- boro, N. H., where he was for seven years superintendent of .schools. In September, 1865, he came to Newark, N. J., and in 186«; was ad- mitted to the bar of this vStatc. He thereafter practiced his profession in Newark. Charles E. Hill, Newark and New York city, son of Charles F., and a native of Wolfboro, N. H., received an academic education, read law in Newark with his f9,ther, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1873. He was for many years his father's law partner, and for some time a member of the Newark Board of Education. Frank E. Pellett, Paterson, born September 2(!, 1859, in Pellet- town, near Newtown, N. J., is a son of vStephcn J. and Margaret (McCoy) Pellett, and of French Huguenot descent. He attended 3: IIK JI'DICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OK NKW JKIWEY \V . ' • « •' '•■• -''vterial Academy, was j^radualcd from Lafaycltc C<»1- I. law in Easton, Pa , and later in Passaic with Thomas M. M«Mirc, jiml m I*alcrson with William Pcuninjjlon, and was ^rachi- atcil fn-nj Culumbia Law School in KS84. lie was admitted as an at- torney in November, 1884, and as a counselor in February, 1888. Wii iiAM Lf.wis Davton, Trenton, is descended from one of the most »' lied early families of New Jersey, and was born in Trenton *.i. ii>^ ..;ih of April, 1S:{0. His father was Hon. William Lewis Day- ton, United States minister to France frf»m March, 1801, till his depth December I, 1S04. His mother was Marjjaret E. \'an I)er Veer. Mr. Dayton received his preparatory education at Trenton Academy, and was graduated from Princeton Collejje with honors in 1S58. For two years thereafter he read law with his father, who was at that time «»nc <)f the most distinj^uished members of the Trenton bar. In 18<;i he accompanied his father to Paris and served as a.ssistant secretary of the American Lej^ation there until isr)5, when he returned to Trenton and resumed his law studies under the late HG, and as a coun- selor in June, 1809, and since his admission to the bar has actively fol- lowed his profession in his native city. He was Private Secretary U* (lov. Marcus L. Ward in isr.(;-f;9, was president of the Trenton Com- mon Council from 1870 to 1H70, and city solicitor of Trenton in 1S7I» si and 1888-SH. From 1882 to 1SS5 he was U. S. minister to The ILi^uc, and in ISOO he was appointed by Oovernor '»ri}^gs as a Judge of the Court of Errors and Apjieals for a full term of six years. He is coimsel and has 1 on j^ been a director of the Trenton Ranking Company : is a manager and the legal adviser of the Trenton Saving Fimd Sf)ciety ; was one of the organizers and is president of the new Mercer Hospital, of Trenton. For several years he was als(» a member of the Hoard f>f Managers of the State Lunatic Asylum at Trenton. Judge Dayton was married December 27, 1S04, to Miss H. Maria, fV ' ' - of Oen. Rol>ert F. and Anna Margarc-tta ( P(»lter) Stockton, M.N.J. K"^^ ''vu Arthur Quavi.e, Morristown, burn October 15, 18.14. in \' , Morris county, N. J., is a son of Thomas M. and Charlotte ok) fjuayle, read law with the late Augustus W. Cutler, of M n, and was admitted as an att(»rney in November, 1875, and in November, 1881, as a counselor. In lss7 he w:is appointed post r.loCl^ArillCAL KI'UISTKK. :j75 master of Morristown and served four years. He has also been deputy county clerk, member of the Board of Aldermen of Morristown two years, and counsel for the Morris County Board of Freeholders some time. In 1894 he was elected mayor of Morristown and was re-elected in 180(i. He is also receiver of the Whippany River Railroad Com- pany. In 188G he married Carrie E. Cook, daughter of Stephen B. Cook, of Morris county. Hollow AV W. Huni', Schooley's Mountain, is a jj^randson of Rev. H. W. Hunt, and a son of Rev. H. Whitefield Hunt, jr., and Amanda Hann, his wife. He was admitted to the bar as an attorney in No- vember, 18G3, and as a counselor in Februar}^ 187l>, and is a special master in chancery. RoiJERT E. Chktwood, Elizabeth, born December '^0, 1837, in Eliza- beth, N. J., is a son of Francis B. and Elizabeth (Phelps) Chetwood, was graduated from Princeton College in 1858, read law with his father and William J. Magie. and was admitted in June, ISOl, as an attorney, and as a counselor in June, 1864. He practiced with his father till the latter's death January 20, 1875, and since then has been alone. He was city attorney of Elizabeth from 1874 to 1880. He married a daughter of Ca|)tain John McGowan, of the U. vS. Revenue Marine service, who had command of the "Star of the West," which received the first shots from Fort Sumter in 18G1. Mr. Chetwood is of the fourth successive generation of lawyers of his family in Elizabeth. Bf.njainun W. Ellicott, Dover, born February 27, 1852, in Baltimore, Md , is a son of Benjamin H. and Mary Ann (Warford) Ellicott, and a grandson of Jonathan Ellicott, of Ellicott City, Md. He read law with Edward P. Conklin, of Flemington, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1880, and as a counselor in February, 18',)(1. He was ad- mitted to the bar of Dakota in December, 1882, and to the Minnesota bar in Polk county in June, 1883. Aaron Dickinson Woodruff, Trenton, eldest son of Elias, was born in Elizabeth, N. J., September 12, 1762, was graduated from Princeton in 1779, and was admitted in 1784. He was a member of the Legisla- ture from old Hunterdon county, was elected attorney- general in 1793, and served, except one year, till his death, June 24, 1817. He was grand master of the Grand Lodge of F. & A. M., of New Jersey. He married a daughter of Col. Thomas Lowrey, of the Revolution. -:. TIIK JriMClAL AND CH II. I1I-!"'Y "K \ !\V .IKKSKY. Kmttki Ai.i>N, Jk., Red liank, bi»iii ;n New \Mrk ciiy, Manh I, |S'i4, is a son of Charles (1, ami Catharine (TralTunl) Allen, was jjratl- ualctl from Prinecton Collejje in IS4<'>, read law with Peter Vredenburjjh, of Freehold, and was admitted as an altorney in July, IHJK, and as a i-ounsclor in February, 1H.')4. lie has always practiced in Red Bank. He was school superintendent of Shrewsbury township for several years, Wiis for five years prosecutor of the pleas of Monmouth county, an, 1754, came to Cuml)erland county, N. J., when a young man, and began the study of law, but in 1775 entered the Continental army and became captain and major. He was admitted as an attorney in 177'.», began practice in Cumberland county and came to Trenton in 17S8. He was clerk of the Supreme Court, and in I7l>:{ was chosen governor ound Brook, N. J., in 1G85, and was the founder of the family in this vState. Robert C. Field, father of Richard S , was born April 5, 1775, was grad- uated from Princeton in 1793, in 1797 married Abby, daughter of Rich- ard and Annis (Boudinot) Stockton. He died in 1810, leaving five children. Richard S. Field was also a nephew of Richard Stockton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. In 1811 the family settled in Princeton, N. J. Richard S. Field was graduated from Princeton College with high honors. He read law with his maternal uncle, Richard Stockton, and was admitted in February, 1825. Later he moved to Salem and prac- ticed there till 1832, when he returned to Princeton. He was a mem- ber of the Legislature for several years, and in P'cbruary, 1838, was appointed by Governor Pennington as attorney-general of New Jersey, and resigned in 1841. He was a prominent and influential member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1844, was a leading member of the New Jersey Historical vSociety, and at the time of his deatli was its 15.. Tf(K JrpK'IAL AND riVII. HISTOKY (»K NKW JKIISEV. J. ,_ ;iiiu 1. 1 iL lu I ..iiiril)ulcil liis niosl elaborate work, • • , ,al Courts of New Jersey, with Sketeliesof the licnch and Bar," which lorms Vol. 3 of its "Collections." In Sei)tember, IKAl, he n ' ' e the society a paper (»n the "Trial of Rev. William Ten- n, crjiiry, in 1742," and in July, 1S.')^>, he contributed the lead- ing article to the Princeton Review on "The Publications of the New Jersey II i.storical Society." He was a nieniljcr of the executive com- mittee t)f the society from 1S.*)1 to 1805, when he became vice-presi- dent, and on the death of lion James Parker in ISdS was elected i)resi- dent. lie was deeply interested in education, and on llic organization of the Slate Normal School in 1.S55 was chosen president of its Hoard of Trustees, which oflTicc he held till his death with cncrj^^y and admirable ability. Every annual report to the Lcj^islature by the board was made by him. He was for several years professor of the law depart- ment of Princeton Collej^e, "which owed its very existence to his en crjjy and talent." In 185I» Princet(»n gave him the degree of LL.I). I)uring the Civil war he was a staunch supporter of the Union. On the death of Hon. John R. Thomson, U. S. senator from New Jersey, he was appointed by (iovernor Olden to fill the unexjiircd term. January 21, 180:5, he was appointed by President Lincoln judge of the U. S. District Court for the district of New Jersey, and on taking his scat on the bench delivered to the grand jury "a m«)St learned and excellent charge," which was afterward printed in i)amphlet form. As a jurist he is described by the late A. O. Keasbey as "a wise, ujjright, fearless and merciful judge." "Only one decisif)n of his was ever reversed; that was one in which the Supreme Court were at first almost evenly divided, and ordered a new argument He had a keen i>erception of the real points in the case He was fully acquainted with the fountains of Engli.sh elo(|uence, and his mind v Mred with the fruits of his learning that he had a rare facility . • _ sion. He ahv.i\s r.rcfcrrcd to cliar-o iurics or decide cases on the spot." He delivered many bi .ili.u.t orations and aiiihcsses, notably on I'eb ruary 12, l-SCWI, at the request of the Legislature, on Lincoln's birthday, and (his last publi.shed one) at the Centennial celebration of the Ameri- < V of the College of New Jersey in June, ISGO. His s, irked by great purity of style and graceful erudition In April, 1870, while in the discharge of his duties on the bench, he BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 381 was stricken with paralysis and fell senseless from his seat. He was earried to his home and remained totalh' iinconscions till his death May 25, 1870. He married in ISol, May Ritchie, at Salem, who died Sep- tember 8, 1852. Charles Henry Hart, LL.B., historiographer of the Nnmismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia said of him: "One of the most striking points of his character, and one to be fondly cherished, for it reveals better, perhaps, than any other could, the inmost re- cesses of his heart, was his warm love of nature and of nature's works. The spacious grounds about his residence at Princeton w^ere remarka- ble for the rich collection of trees and flowers there cultivated, com- prising specimens from the remotest parts of the earth. These he tended with an almost parental affection, and the name of each, with its peculiarity and locality, was firmly fastened in his memory. He attended the services of the Protestant Episcopal church, and in its councils was an active worker, being repeatedly a delegate both to the diocesan and general conventions," etc. Francis C. F. Randolph, Belvidere and Elizabeth, son of Dr. Rob ert F. , was graduated from Queens (now Rutgers) College, read law with John Chetwood, of Elizabeth, and was admitted in 181 0. He settled in Belvidere, but later removed to Elizabeth, and represented the county of Essex in the Legislature, was elected surrogate of Essex county and removed to Newark, where he died in 1828. He married Phoebe Halsey Crane, of Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin Crane. John Rutherford, Trenton, son of Walter, was born in New York city in 1760, was graduated from Princeton in 187(5, read law with Richard Stockton (the signer) and William Paterson, and was admitted in 1782. He first settled in New York, and was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1790 and 1796. He resigned in 1798 and settled in Trenton. In 1808 he removed to Newark, and died in 1840. Lucius Horatio Stockton, Trenton, a brother of Richard, "the Duke," and a son of Richard, the signer, was born in Princeton, was graduated from Princeton College in 1787, and was admitted to the bar in September, 1791. He settled in Trenton, became an eminent law- yer, and was district attorney for New Jersey. He was nominated in 1801 by President Adams as secretary of war. He died May 26, 1835. Peter D. Vroom, LL.D., Somerville and Trenton, was born in Hills :: iIK Jt'DK'lAl. AND (MVII. IllSTOUY <)F NKW .IKRSKV. ...aship, Somerset couniy, N. J., hcccmbcr \'i, 1 1'.H, of Dutch extraction, being a son of Col. Peter I). X'room (born in \7i^>), wln) II Boj^crt, also of Dutch descent. Colonel Vroom, at the tw. ...at of the Revolutionary war, was among the first to raise a military company, and served throu}4;hout I he struggle, becoming a lieutenant- colonel. He was clerk of the pleas, justice of the peace, and long a member "'' '1>'' X<'W jersey Ass<'nililv .hkI Coinicil. and died in I8:n. Ciov. Peter D. X'rooiu was educated at llie Souicrvillc Academy and was graduated from Columbia College in ISU.S. He read law with (leorge McDonald, of Somerville, was admitted as an att<»rney in May, 1S1:J, and as a counselor in 181(1, and was called to the rank of sergeant- at law in 182S. He began practice at vSchooley's Mountain, Morris c«»unty, but after eighteen months moved to Ilackettst«jwn, and two years later came to I-'lemington, where he married a daughter of Col- onel Dumont and a niece of Mrs. Frederick Frelinghuysen. In 1S'*<> he moved to Somerville and lived there more than twenty years. 11« was a prominent Federalist, but in IS24 became a staunch suj^porterof Oencral Jackson, and was afterward active in political alTairs. He was a member of the a.ssembly from Somerset county in 1S2, and declined a renomination in 18:JG on account of ill health. His decisions in the Court of Chancery during those years tended to establish securely the character imparted to the court by his predeces- sor. Chancellor Williamson, and stand for the most part unquestioned tf» the present day. After retiring from the ofllce of governor he re- sumed the practice of law in Somerville. In 18:57 he spent several months in Mississi])pi, having been appointed by President \'an Huren as f)ne of the commissioners to adjust land reserve claims under the Ch<^K:taw Indian treaty. In 1838 he was elected to Congress, but owing to irregularities failed t' • ••'• the governor's commissicm. Thematter was long and bitterly :. and eventually a decision was rendered in his favor. This ci»ntest was known as the " broad seal war." After his term as con- gressman expired he made Trenton his home, and his first wife having died, he married a daughter <»f Gen. O. D. Wall. He was a member from S«>mcrset county of the State Constitutional Convention of ISI4 and chairman of the committee on the legislative department. BlUCjiRArHlCAL UKGISTKK. 383 In 1848 he was associated with Henry W. Green, vStacy G. Potts, and William L. Dayton in l^ringinj^- the statutes into conforniitv with the new constitution and in consolidating- the numerous supplements. When Chief Justice Green's term expired, Governor Vroom was nominated by Governor Fort as his successor and the Senate promptly confirmed the nomination, but he declined. In 1853 he accepted the mission to the Court of Prussia and resided in Berlin till 1857, when he was recalled at his own request and resumed his law practice. He was placed in 18G0 on the electoral ticket by the Breckenridge and Lane party. While he earnestly opposed the measures of the Northern Abolition- ists, he was just as strongly opposed to the secession doctrines of the Southern extremists. He was one of the nine representatives from New Jersey to the Peace Congress which met in Washington February 4, 1861, and was a member of the committee composed of one repre- sentative from each State, to which was referred the various proposi- tions for the restoration of harmony and preservation of the Union. In 1868 he was a presidential elector on the Seymour and Blair ticket. On the death of his eldest son he took up the duties of the office of Supreme Court reporter. He was for several years one of the commis- sioners of the Sinking Fund, was long a ruling elder in the Dutch Re- formed church, and was vice-president of the American Colonization and American Bible Societies. Princeton College gave him in 1850 the degree of LL.I). He pos- sessed a vigorous constitution and an iron frame, and continued in active practice till shortly before his death, which occurred November 18, 1874. Isaac H. Williamson, LL.I)., Elizal)cth, ])orn in IClizabethtown, N. J , in 1767, read law with his brother, Matthias, then and for many years one of the leading lawyers of the State. He was admitted as an attorney in 1791 and as a counselor in 1796, and called to the rank of sergeant-at-law in 1804. Although early a P^edei'alist, he did not sym- pathize with that party in their violent opposition to the war of 18P^, and in 1815 he was put on the ticket for member of assembly from Essex county by the Democrats without his knowledge, and elected. On the resignation of Governor Dickinson (on his being chosen senator in 1817) Mr. Williamson was elected governed' and was re-elected each year for twelve years. He was elected a member of the vState Council niK JIDII'IAI, ANI) CIX II, lilSToKY OK MOW JKKSKV. troin Ksscx couiily in ls;Jl aiul is32, ami in IH:J2 wouKl uiul(»iil)lc.'.. hail lie perniitteil the use of his nanie. He was a member ( IVIl, IHSToKY (>K NKW JKRSEY. howtofrAme statements of execution and administration, but acquired a full knowlctlge of ecclesiastical law as pcrlaininj; to estates of dece- dents, and also evinced a mclb<»(l and accuracy that distinj^uishcd his life. In 1842 he was appointed prosecutor of the i)lcas of Herjjcn cotmty and became master of the princii)lcs of criminal law. I^atcr he often acted as counsel in criminal and civil cases, and in cases inv«)lvinj^ land titles. He became familiar with the duties of a practical surveyor and also with the proprietary history of New Jersey, and understood every patent in the old "Field Hook of Hcrjjen County," and the common lands a.ssigned to each patent. He was rejfarded as a formidable ad- versary in all cases involving title to land, and was for .'icveral years Supreme Court reporter to lSo5. In IStO he removed to Jersey Citv, and in 1S50 he was elected State senator and served three years He was a memlxM* <»f the committee of citi/.ens which franicd the charter of Jersey City pas.sed March IS, isr>l. was the author of the "Long Dock Charter" of ISSr,, and from is:,(; to 18«w; was a director of the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Comjiany. In lS*>«t he was appointed by Governor Newell chancellor of New Jersey, but the Senate refused to conlirm him, and the State, during that memorable struggle, was without a chancellor for a year. In ISCC he was nomi- nated by Governor Ward and confirmed by the Senate as chancellor, and iK-gan his official duties May 1, ISHi;. He performed the duties of that office with a i)romi)tne.ss and ability that have never been sur- passed by any of his succes.sors. He took a prominent part in tin- great railroad war as opjjosed to the monopoly, and for an ex])ression used in a public speech earned the sobri{|Uct of "Captain (»f the Pick- axe Ciuard." He was an eminent jurist, an able and learned lawyer, i sagacious business man, and was ofticially connected with several cor- jxirate enterprises. He traveled extensively, and while on one trip to the Pacific slope died at Truckee, California, June 27, 1H7:J. G\KkKT DoRSKi Wai.i. Vkoom, Trenton, son of Gov. Peter Dumont Vroom, grandson of Hon. Garret I). Wall, and a descendant of one of the most distinguished families in New Jersey, was born in Trenton. N. J., December 17, 1843, and received his preparatory education at the Trenton Academy. He was graduated from Rutgers C<»llege in \SiVi, read law with his father, and was admitted as an attorney at the June term, 1SG5, and as a c«>unselor in Iim. . iscs Afterward he be- came a special master in chancery. A nrOGRAPHlCAL REGISTER. 3S9 Upon his admission Mv. \"rooni at once bc^an the active practice of his profession in Trenton, where he has since resided. lie soon won a high pLace at the bar, and in ISGO was elected city solicitor, a posi- tion he held with much credit until 1870 and again from 1R73 to 1870. In May, 1870, he was appointed prosecntor of the pleas of Mercer county to succeed Gen. C. K. Hall, deceased, and continued in that ofifice until December, 1873, when he resigned to succeed his father as law reporter of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. He has ever since served in this capacity, discharging his duties with unusual satis- faction. In 1877, in conjunction with the late John II. vStewart, he prepared for publication the " Revision of the Statutes of New Jersey," under the direction of the commissioners, which included the statutes revised as well as the entire body of the statute laws of the State. With Hon. William M. Lanning he issued in 1887 the " Supplement " to the above " Revision," and in 18i)4 they were authorized to prepare a new revis- ion in three volumes, entitled '.'The General Statutes of New Jei-sey," which includes the body of the laws to January 1, LSfK). These and other publications and his nearly twenty-four years of ser\'ice as law reporter reflect great credit upon Mr. \"room's legal skill and al)ility and rank him among the eminent lawyers of the country. He has long occupied a foremost position at the bar of this State. He is i)os- sessed of excellent judgment, of great energ}', and of extensive knowl- edge, and is one of the best known men in New Jersey. Mr. Vroom has always taken an active interest in local alTairs. He was mayor of the city of Trenton from 1881 to 1881, and on the ci-ea- tion of the city's Board of Public Works was appointed a member and served as president during the existence of that body. He is vice- president of the General Society of the Son.s of the Revolution ami was one of the organizers of that body in the State. He is also a member of the Holland Society of New York and an honorary member of the Societ}' of the Cincinnati, the Delta Phi fraternity, and other organiza- tions. In June, 1871, he married a daughter of Philemon Dickinson, of Trenton, a grandson of Gen. Philemon Dickiuscju, a member of the Continental Congress from New Jersey and major general command- ing the militia of New Jersey during the entire Revolutionary war. Jonathan Dickinson Si:kgkani', Princeton, son of |onathan ami I^^A TIIK JflUClAL ANI» ("IVIl, IIISToUV OK NKW JKUSKV IiMii.i (hukiuson) Scrijcaiit, was b«>ni in Newark, N. J., in 174<'.. Iliv lalhcr was treasurer <>f the C'«»lle;;e of New Jersey and the family s.. receiving the de- gree of A. M. in course in 1S70. He pursued his law studies in the office of the late Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden, was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1870, and was as.sociated m ■ with his preceptor from his admi.ssion until the ileaih of P. L ^ in ISO."), a period of nearly twenty years. Mr. Voorhees is one of the ablest members of the Camden bar, and during an active career has always enjoyed the respect and confidence of not only his fellow lawyers, but al.so of the public. He is especially i^/^^ BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 391 well versed in railroad and corporation law, in which he has wide ex- perience. He has likewise been conspicuous in other departments of the profession. He is a director of the Canulen Safe Deposit and Trust Company, of the First National Bank of Camden, and of the West Jersey Title and Guarantee Company, a manager of the Cooper Hospital, a trnstee of the Cooper estates, and a vestryman of St. Paul's Episcopal church of Camden. On April 21, 1881, he married Louisa C, daughter of James B. and Louisa (Clarke) Dayton, of Camden, N. J. George Revnolds, Camden, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., January 30, 1859, and received his education in the public .schools of the city of Burlington, N. J. He read law in Camden, in this State, with judge Richard T. Miller, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar at the February term, 1884, as an attorney, and at the February term, 1887, as a counselor. Mr. Reynolds has successfully practiced his profession in Camden and in Burlington, N. J., since 1884, and for several years has held high rank at the bar. He is an able lawyer, a man of large executive capacity, and possesses great force of character and excellent judg- ment. For a number of years he served as solicitor for the Board of Health, and at the present time is a director of the Camden Safe De- posit and Trust Company. He has resided in Burlington, Burlington county, from an early age, and for five years was counsel for that city. In April, 1896, Mr. Reynolds married a daughter of the late Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden. Aaron 0(;den, Elizabethtown and Jersey City, son of Robert and great-grandson of Jonathan Ogden, one of the original associates of the Elizabethtown Purchase, was born in Elizabethtown in 175G, was graduated from Princeton College before he was seventeen, and in 1775 became tutor in Barber's Grammar School, where William Living- ston and Alexander Hamilton were pupils. In 1775 he entered the patriot army as an officer, became lieutenant, captain, and brigade major, and served through the war. In 1783 he began the study of law with his brother Robert, and was licensed as an attorney, in September, 1784. He began practice in Elizabethtown, became a counselor, and in 1794 was called to the rank of sergeant-at- law. In 1797, during the short war with the French, he was colonel .1.1. Till. II I. KIM. \NI) ("I\II. IlISTollY (iK NKW JKKSKY. .i!i! the Cincinnati, became president of the State Society in IS'^4, and vice- president of the (ieneral Society in IS^') and president in 1S--»1>. In 1S03 he was elected a trustee of Princeton College, which conferred the degree of LL.B. upon him in ISlC. He married in October, 1SI7, Klizabcth, daughter of John Chetwood, who died in IS'^T). Sami'k.i. Rankoi.i'Ii II \.\iiii(»\, Princeton and Trcnlon, son of John and Phoebe (Ross) Hamilton, was born in Princeton, June T, 17'.>0, was graduatcil from Nassau Hall in ISUS, read law with Isaac H. William- son at Kli/abeth, and was admitted as an attorney in November, lsr.», as a counselor in 1S2:J, and as a sergeant at-law in IS.'JT. He practiced first in Princeton, but soon removed t(» Trenton, anil died there about lSi;:i. He was an able lawyer and a good citi/.cn, and was i)rosecutor of the pleas of Mercer county, mayor ot 'rrenlon, and many years • piartcrmaster general of New Jersey. May '.»(), 181S, he married ICli/.a. daughter of Morris Robeson, of Warren county. William C. Houston, Trenton, was a i)rofessor in Princeton College several years. In April, 1781, he was admitted to the bar and settled in Trenton, and was five times elected to the Congress of Confedera- tion. He was a delegate to Annapolis to arrange for the Constitutional Convention, and was clerk of the Sujjremc Court from 1781 till his death in 1788. KiijAH P. Ai LKN, Morristf^wn, read law with William P. (iuild, of Newark, Col. William Holt, at Ilackettstown. and (ieorge W. Forsyth, of Morristown. and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1875. Flavll McGee, A. B., AM., Jersey City, was born in Frelinghuysen CIOGRAPIIICAL RKGISTER. 393 township, Warren county, N. J,, April (i, 1844, and comes of a line ot ancestors who for more than a century have been professional men in New Jersey. He was prepared for college at Newton Collegiate Insti- tute and Blair Presbyterial Academy. He was graduated at Princeton College in June, 18G5, and immediately began the study of the law in Belvidere, N. J. He was called to the bar at the June term of the Supreme Court of New Jersey in 1808, In the autumn of that year he began the prac- tice of the law in Jersey City, where he has ever since resided. He at once attracted attention by the carefulness with which his cases were prepared, and the earnestness and eloquence of their pre- sentation. So much so w^as this the case that in the second year of his practice he began to be employed by the railroads of the State, and rapidly became well known throughout the State as a prominent rail- road and corporation lawyer, and for many years has been coimsel of some of the largest railroad, banking, and insurance corporations of the country. In 18T1 he w^as admitted to the degree of counselor at law of New Jersey, and later to the District and Circuit Courts of the United vStates in New Jersey and to the Supreme Court of the United vStates. He holds commissions as advisory master, special master, and master in chancery, and Supreme Court commissioner. Upon the death of the late Justice Bradley Mr. McGee was put for- ward by the bar of New Jersey for the vacancy thus created on the bench of the vSupreme Court of the United States and he was promi- nently mentioned for that position by the press, not only in New Jer- sey, but generally throughout the country. In politics he has always been a Republican, and has taken a leading part in every important contest of his party for many years. In religion he is a Presbyterian and has been for many years a ruling elder in the First Prec;byterian church of Jersey City. Socially he enjoys a wide acquaintance. He is president of the Union League Club of Hudson county, and a member of the Carteret and Palma Clubs of Jersey City and of the Union League Club of New York, of the Society of the Cincinnati, and of the Sons of the American Revolution of New Jersey. As an orator on pa- triotic, civic, and literary occasions and at social and state dinners, his services are in frequent demand. He married Miss Julia F. Randolph, a daughter of the late Judge XX :v>l TIIK JI'DICIAI AND ("IVII, lilSToKV (>K NKW JKK8KY. r. K,i!M'>nni, wiiiisc ch;iriiiiiiL; iii>spii;ility Iiun ni.tiu- iIkii .ml i»nc for ihcir family ami fricmls. t ( ). \' \Ni»i-.Kiiii.r, I*riiKct<»n, son of Wholston ami IClizahclh (0|Hlyke) Vanderbilt, was born in ICveritlsiowii. Alexandria township, Hunterdon county, N. J., April !.'», ISU. He prepared for college at I'cnninj^ton Seminary and was graduated from Princeton University in 1S73, taking the prize for the best essay on political science. In 18T:{ anil again in 18T4 he was elected to the New Jersey Legislature, and during the session oi l.sT.*> was speaker of the House. Meanwhile he read law with Thomas (i. Lytic, of Princeton, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in June, ISTO. Since then he has been engaged in the general jiractice of his ])rofession in Princeton, N. J. He became a counselor at law in June, iss;5, and is also a special master and ex- aminer in chancery. In the fall of l.SS;3 he was elected State senator, and served for three years. He was married in January, 187fi, to Gertrude F., daughter of Ben- jamin Taylor, of Pennington, X. J. Francis Cowi.vn Lowruoki-, Trenton, is a son of Francis Cowlvn Lowthorp, a well known civil engineer, and a grandson of Thomas Lowthorp, who came from London, England, in 1 ?'.»(), and settled in New Y., daughter of Clarke Chambers, of Trenton. Mr. Lowthorp was born in Trenton, X. J., October 13, ISo:}, and vedagood classical education at the Trenton Academy, in the •Is of Massachusetts, and under private tutelage. He read law in his native city and at Harvard Law School, from which he was grad- ■ "l in 1874. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey before the "- ,'reme Court at Trenton as an attorney in June, 1875, and as a counselor in June. 1878, and in 1884 was admitted to practice in the United States Supreme C<»urt. With the exccjition of United States commissioner Mr. Lowthorp has held no public oHice. He has been actively and .successfully engaged in general practice at Trenton, in ■ and United States Courts, since his admission to the bar, and •ted a large share of his time to the practice of patent law in various circuits. Among the important cases with which he has been ■nally connected were those of the Aspinwall Manufacturing , y vs. Gill, 32 Fed. Rep., «;97, and the Xew V.i-'. P.cking and Packing Company vs. Magowan, 141 U. S. Rep., 33-2 BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 395 For about fourteen years Mr. Lowthorp was an active member of the 7th Regt., N. G. N. J., and during about nine years of that period was its judge advocate with the rank of captain. He is not only a prominent member of the Mercer county bar, but a leading and en- terprising citizen, and is officially connected with several important corporations. Mr. Lowthorp was married on October 3, 1888, at Roslyn, L. I., to Miss Fannie A. Willets, daughter of Joseph and Esther (Whitson) Willets, of Brooklyn, N. Y. John H. Patterson, Red Bank, son of James, was born in Middle- town, Monmouth county, N. J., March 12, 1834. His family traces its descent from William Patterson, one of the founders of the Bank of England. Four brothers, William, Robert, Joseph and James, came to this country in colonial da3's and of them the latter settled in Mon- mouth county, N. J., where the homestead has remained in the famil3' for six generations and where his descendants have been prominently identified with local affairs. Jehu Patterson, the grandfather, and James, the father of John H., were both members of the Council, which corresponds to the present State Senate. John H. Patterson was edu- cated in the common schools of his native town. In 1853 he went to Shasta, Cal., where he remained three years and while there was a delegate to the National Convention at Baltimore which nominated James Buchanan for president. Returning to New Jersey he settled in Middletown and in 18G8, was elected sheriff of Monmouth county for one year and re-elected in 18*)9 for two years. In 1872 he was nom- inated for Congress. He was appointed doorkeeper of the House of Representatives and served during the 4-l:th Congress, being succeeded by Colonel Polk. Later he was appointed by Governor Abbett as keeper of the New Jersey vState prison and reappointed in 1891 and served until April 1, 1896. Mr. Patterson manied Miss Margaret Douglas Pringle, daughter of John J. Pringle, and resides in Middletown township, where he occupies the old family homestead. WiLLARD Penfilld Voorhees, Ncw Brunswick, is the son of Abra- ham and Jane (Jarvis) Voorhees, and a lineal descendant of Stevense Coert Van Voorhees, who came from Holland to Gravesend, N. Y. , at a very early day. The family have always held a foremost place in public and private life, and many of the name have figured conspicu- niK .irrwi [\[ wn ( ivii [iisTni:v (.r \k\v .ii-|{>;ky ^' lie .i!ui iiaiii'iKii aiLiir.s. .VLiiMiiaiu \ i.xjihccs was a iner- • ■ ■ .', I'.ruiiswick and later iircsidcnt <>f the f^ld State I5aiik. <>f that pla> Willanl 1". \ uurhccs was Ixtrn iii .New Urunswick. N. J., July '-is, IS51, antl prepared for coUej^e tliere at a jjraininar seliool and also under the instruction of the late Guslavus Fischer. lie was graduated f'.iii T\\it-(Ts Collcj^e ill the class of ISTl, jjursijed his law studies iu tile "-tiue of Judge Woodhridge Strong, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney at the November term of the Supreme Court. !>>'t, and as a counselor at the February term, lsT8. Since IH74 he :l.l^ been in active practice in his native city. He was the Republican candidate for county clerk of Middlesex county in 1884 — the only in- •iH-eof his aspirations for political office. He has done much special V,.: kin the settlement of estates and in chancery and corporation cases, and is solicitor for the New Brunswick Savings Institution and ts the New Brunswick Hosiery C'ompany and the United States ri . - Company, As receiver he settled the atlairs of the Mural Decoration Company, the Dime Savings Bank, and as receiver made ■ of the valuable collection of plants and orchids of the late (Jeorge >i:-h, probably at that time the largest in the country. Perhaps the most important cases in which he has been engaged was as one of the counsel for the executors of Christopher Meyer, deceased, in the liti- gation over the will and in the settlement of the estate, which amounted to l>etween $0,000,000 and §7,000,000. He was successful in what was probably the last discussion of the question of an "indefinite failure of issue" in this State in the case of Davis vs. Steele. 11 Stewart, 1(18. Mr. Vo<.^ .'.iif.M,, .W'W HrunswKK, is deseended from an old and rcs|)ected New England family, many of who.se members distinguished themselves in colonial, professional and military alTairs. Among his 7:jhe7777an Tlholo- Sj'^zvutr Co. ^. ^v^X^-.^-..-^ I BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 397 ancestors were John Eliot, the apostle to the Indians, Governors Dud- ley, Leete and Brenton. He is also a descendant of Anthony Dix, who landed at Plymouth in 1G23, comint;- in the ship Ann. His maternal grandfather, John Dix, was a minuteman in the famous Lexington Alarm. Prof. Theodore Strong, LL.D., his father, was a son of Rev. Joseph and vSophia (Woodbridge) Strong, and was born in South Hadley, Mass., July 2(), 1790. Graduating from Yale in 1812, with the prize in mathematics, he w\'is professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in Hamilton College from 181G to 1827 and in Rutgers College from 1827 to 1862, and died in New Brunswick, N. J., February 1, 1869. He was one of the most distinguished mathemati- cians in the country and a man of wonderful iutellectual attainments. On September 23, 1818, he married Lucy Dix, daughter of the Revo- lutionary patriot, John Dix, of Littleton, Mass. She died in Novem- ber, 1875. Woodbridge Strong, son of Dr. Theodore and Lucy (Dix) Strong, was born February 21, 1827, in Clinton, Oneida county, N. Y., the seat of Hamiltoa College. The sime year he was brought by his parents to New Brunswick, N. J., where he has ever since resided. He was christened Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge Strong, but early dropped the first two names and retained that which had an honored significance. He received his preparator}^ education in New Bruns- wick, mainly under his learned father, and in 1843 entered Rutgers College, from which he was graduated after a full course in 1847. He then began his law studies with Hon. John Van Dyke, of New Bruns- wick, but in 1849 was attracted by the gold discoveries in California to the Pacific coast, where he remained two years, being one of the first to discover gold in Oregon. Returning to New Jersey in 1851 he re- sumed the study of law and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey at Trenton as an attorney at the November term, 1852. Since then he has successfully practiced his profession in New Brunswick. He was made a counselor at law in November, 1872, and is also a special mas- ter and examiner in chancery. He has been an earnest Republican since the inception of that party, and has always labored for the best and highest interests of the com- munity. Inheriting from his distinguished ancestors these noble traits of character directly traceable to early New England life, he has exert- ed a marked influence on the moral and intellectual growth of New Brunswick. True to his convictions, iuil)ucd with the loftiest pi'in- 3n<» THK jrniriAi. ani) civii. history ok nkw jkksky ciiMts <'t iii.nuKMi.i, .lini tearless in the pcrf«)rmance of duly, he has }yvvn for many years an h<)n«»reil leader of Middlesex county l)ar, and citizen has always borne the esteem and confidence of all who him. He was for more than ten years corporation counsel for N Brunswick and for a lon^j time served as counsel for the National Hank of New Jersey of that jjlace. He has also been professionally connected with several larjje manufacturinjj companies and other cor- porate institutions. On Ajiril 1, l.s74, he was apjjointed at a joint meeting of the Legislature as president jiulge of the Middlesex county courts, which office he held live years. April 1, IK'm;, he was again appointed to the same position by Governor Griggs. In lH.5'v' Judge Strong married Mi:s Harriet A., daughter of Hon. Jonathan Hartwell, of Littleton, Mass. She is a lineal descendant of William Hartwell, who .settled in Concord, Mas.s., in 1«;;J«;, and also of Anthony Di.x, who came to Plymouth in 1(523, Her paternal grand- father, John Hartwell, was a minutcman and private in Captain Brook's regiment of Massachusetts militia, and her maternal grandfather, Seth Walker, served with distinction throughout the Revolutionary war as ca])tain of marines. After the termination of the war he rose to the grade of colonel of militia, in which capacity he was, in IHOT, placed by Gov. John Langdon in command of all the militia in New ILimpshire, for the purp(»se of maintaining the embargo i)receding the war of 1S12. Judge and Mrs. Strong have had three sons, all lawyers: Alan H. and Theodore, of the New Brunswick bar, noticed elsewhere in this Work, and Edward W., of Cincinnati, O., for some years and now assistant getieral counsel of the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern Railroad; and al.so a daughter, Elizabeth ]'>. Strong. John Edward Fknnei.i , Morristown, is a son of Patrick and Mary (fialvin) Fennell, and was born in Morristown, N. J., December 7, 1805. His father came from Ireland to this country in 18:30 and resided in Morristown until his death in ISOfJ. Mr. Fennell was graduated from the Morristown High School at the age of seventeen and read law there with the late Edmund D. Halsey. He was admitted to jiractice in June, 1889, and since then has successfully followed his profession in his native town. He has served as clerk of Morris township, and later was the Republican candidate for a.s.semblyman and in 1802 for surro- gate of Morris county, each time coming within a few votes of an elec- tion in a Democratic stronghold. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTP:R. ;{U!) Wii.i.iAM P. Fennkli,, Newark and Morristown, was a son of I'ati'ick and Mary (Galvin) Fennell and a native of Morristown, N. J., where he read law with Pitne}' & Youngblood. He was admitted to the bar in 1883, practiced in Newark and later in Morristown, and died in tlie latter place in 1893, aged thirty-two. Paul Alan Quef.n, Flemington, is a son of John Wall Oueen and Livera Apgar, his wife, a grandson of Alan Oueen, and a great-grand son of Thomas Queen, sr., who was of English and Scotch- Irish extrac- tion ; who coming to this country settled in Philadelphia about the year 1791, representatives of the family still living in England, Scotland and Ireland. Some years later his son, Alan Queen, took up his resi- dence at Mount Pleasant, Hunterdon county, N. J., married Eleanor, a daughter of the late Henry Rockefellar, esq., a prominent resident of that county, and thereby became the founder of the Queen family in New Jersey; he was allied to public interest in the county, and took an active part in educational matters. Livera Apgar is a daughter of the late Paul Apgar, esq., of Alexandria township in said county. Paul Alan Queen is the second of five sons, the others being Rev. Sylvanus Rockefellar Queen, residence. Mount Pleasant, N. J. ; William Henry Queen, who tills the homestead farm near Mount Pleasant; Dr. Louis Apgar Queen, a practicing physician of New York city; and John Wahl Queen, jr., a lawyer of Jerse}' City. Mr. Queen was born near Mount Pleasant, August 8, 1853, and received his education at the public schools of his native village and under private tutelage. By his close application and personal efforts he obtained a good English education, and at an early age became, and for several years was, an efficient teacher in the public schools of his native county and in Newark, N. J., at the same time prosecuted the study of the law and afterwards entered the office of Edward P. Conk- lin, esq., in Flemigton, and under his preceptorship, furthered his studies and was admitted to the bar in February, 1879. He has since resided in Flemington, where he has pursued a successful general prac- tice of the profession of his choice. For about ten years he has been the solicitor and counsel of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Hunt- erdon county. He was married December 21, 1880, to Miss Elizabeth, only daughter of the late Dr. Robert Mills McLenahan, an influential citizen and prominent physician in Hunterdon County, who resides at New Hampton, N. J., and his wife, Christiana Van vSyckel, a daughter of the late Aaron Van Syckel, esq., who resided near Clinton, N. J. 40»» TIIK JrnU'IAI, AND CIVIL IIIST(»KY «»K NKW JKUSEY. Nf \Hcvs Hi' .' Twiok, Kcypori, is a son of Malthias Taylor, a •r in the war of 1812, and Hannah Osborn, his wife, and a j^rand- • David Taylor, who, as a soldicT in the Revolutionary war, was .>.'MMilcd on Briar Hill in the battle of M<.nnioulh and carried the ball to his grave. His greatgrandfather, Rev. Daniel Taylor, was the first Presbyterian minister at Orange, X. J. 11 is mother's family is descended from the Karl of Danby, who was president of the Council of Kngland in HJ81), and who died in ITT.'. In 1837 Mr. Taylor's parents removed from Hloomficld, N. J., to Western Pennsylvania, and Inrcanie the owner of a large tract of land along Oil and Tithole Creeks. A few years after ihcy disposed of this estate the presence of oil w;uj determined and it became the chief center of the i>'\\ producing t> • !' was in this vicinity that the first discoveries of "il \vci<- i;. Marcus B. Taylor was born in Venango county, Pa, July 7, 1S4U, received his education at the Cuyahoga Falls (Ohio) High School, and read law with Hon H. Stafford Little, of Matawan, N. J. He was ad- mitted as an attorney in June, 1805, and as a counselor in June, 18GH, and is one of the foremost members of the Monmouth county bar. Among his many important cases was that of Bray vs. Taylor (March term, 1872, New Jersey Court of Errors), which decided the question of estate inheritance from a grandchild to a grandfather, and that of Ivins vs. Ackerson (in Circuit to Supreme and to Court of Errors, No- vember term, 1877), which involved the (picstion of liability of ad- jtiining owners in maintaining a line fence. He has never sought nor held public ofhce. Mr. Taylor was married October 10, lSuntry, Holland, came to America in '• to the call of the Dutch churches here to the classes of Am- sterdam, and who, as a pioneer preacher in his denomination, occupied ; ' ' c whole of Somerset county with parts of Middlesex and Hun- ^ the field of his missionary labors During a successful min- istry of more than a quarter of a century Dominie Frelinghuysen stamped an impress upon the Holland inhabitants of that section of BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 101 the State that is traceable down through the generations of that people to the present day. His watchwords were '^ Laiideni noil qucro; Cul- paui no)i tiiiico." — "I seek not praise; I fear not blame." He had five sons ordained in the ministry, and two daughters who married minis- ters. Rev. John Frelinhuysen, his second son, who was also educated and ordained in Holland, entered upon his ministerial labors in 1750, with his residence in Somerville, where he established a preparatory and divinity school, which was the nucleus of a college, and from which was evolved, through one of his pupils, Rev. Dr. .Hardenburg, Queen's (now Rutgers) College, of which Dr. Hardenburg was the first presi- dent. He died in 1754, leaving a wife, Dinah Van Berg, a remarkable and gifted Christian woman, who afterward married Dr. Hardenburg and was known in all the Dutch churches in Holland and America. Gen. Frederick Frelinghuysen, third son of Rev. John and Dinah (Van Berg) Frelinghuysen, was born April 13, 1753, in Somerville, N. J., and was graduated from Princeton College in 1770. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar at the age of twenty one, and when twenty-two was sent as a delegate to the Continental Congress, l)ut resigned in 1777, apparently on account of his youth. He was also a member of the Provincial Congress of New Jersey and of the Com- mittee of Safety; captain of a corps of artillery in the Revolutionar}- war, being in the battles of Trenton and Monmouth; major-general of militia in the whisky rebellion; and United States Senator from New Jersey from 1793 to 1796. He died April 13, 1804, highly respected and eulogized. He stood in the front rank of his profession. On his mon- ument erected by his children, are these words; "At the bar he was eloquent, in the senate he was wise, in the field he was brave, candid, generous and just; he was ardent in his friendship, constant to his friends, the patron and protector of honorable merit; he gave his hand to the young, his counsel to the middle aged, his support to him wlio was feeble in years." He left three sons, John, Theodcjre and Frede- rick, all eminent lawyers and distinguished men, and all natives of Somerset county. John Frelinghuysen, eldest son of General Frederick, was gradu- ated from Queen's College, commanded a regiment at Sandy Hook in the war of 1812, and for many years was surrogate of the county of Somerset. He was frequently a member of the old State Council, held YY 402 THK Jliuri AI. \NI» Civil, IIISTOKV ( H-' NKW JKKSKV. : u iisi and ii"ii<>r, and was a u in iK'-s«»uitr(l patriot 1 citizen. I'kn iNtiHUYSKN, Newark, scc«uul son of (Icncral Frt-dc- rick, was born March 28, 1787, at Franklin, Somerset county, N. J., anil was ;jra, achieved eminent success, and was enj^aj^ed in most of the important cases of his day. In IS 17, when «)nly thirty years of ajje, he was elected by the Legislature in joint session xittorney- jjeneral of the State, and by re election held that office until he was elected to the United States Senate in 18'21>. His election as attorney- general was a tribute of special distinction them, nor upon his penius, but studied and toiled with unwearied dili- gence. He was distinjLjuishcd as an able lawyer, an clofpient advocate. a formidable antaj^^onist. and a man of ^reat strate}.jic skill. One of Mr. Frelinghuysen's stronj^est virtues was patriotism. He bej^an his political career in 1S4(>, when, by invitation, he was one of the i)ublic speakers at a Whi;;^ State Convention at Trenton. He was frecpiently called upon to address lar}.jc jjolilical {gatherings. His first public offices were city attorney and a member of the City Council of Newark. In ISGl he was a delejjate to the Peace Congress at Wash- ington, and in the same year he was a])pointed attorney-general of New Jersey by (jovcrncjr Dlden. He discharged the duties of this oflfice with eminent ability and general satisfaction until after the war, being reappointed in ISOO by Ciovernor Ward. He did not serve out much of his second term, however, for the death of Hon. William Wright, of Newark, in ISflfi, left vacant a United States scnatorship in New Jersey, to which Mr. Frelinghuysen was appointed by the gov- ernor. He resigned as attv il. Ankkkson, Trcntuii. son of William T., an oHiccr ot the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company, was j;ra(luatfcl from Princt lt)n College in 18GI, read law wilh James S. CJrcen and John F. Haj^aman, of I* :. and was admitted as an attorney in I'^ebriiary, lS(;.'i, and a.s a r in June, ISTl. He be^^an practice in Princeton, where he served as mayor, member of the Hoard of ICducation, and a director of the Princeton National Hank. I'^or several years he has j^iven his lime mainly to business interests. Wii.i.iA.M Damei- Cooi'KR. son of Richard M., was born in Camden, X. J., August :U), 1816, was graduated from the University of Penn- sylvania in 1H3G, read law with Hon. William M. Meredith, of l^hila- delphia, and was admitted to the bar of that city and in Camden in 1S41. Though rarely ajjpearing in the courts he was recfjgnized as one of the most sagacious counselors in the jirofession. He died I'^eb- ruary IS, 1875. Chaki.es Euwari) Roherts, Trenton, was born in England in 18(M, came to America in 1884, and settled in Trenton. He read law with Hon. George M. Robeson and at Harvard I^aw School, and was admit- ted as an attorney in November, 1893. John Schknck N'ooriiees, New Hrunswick, is a son of the late John Sc'ncnck Voorhees and a grandson of Judge Peter Voorhees, of Hlaw- enburg, N. J., and a nephew of the late Peter L. Voorhees and brother of Peter V. Voorhees, both leading lawyers of Camden, and both noticed elsewhere in this volume. His UKtther was Sarah \'an I)oien, daughter of Peter Van Doren, of I-'ranklin Park, N. J. Judge Peter Voorhees was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Somerset county from is:{:{ to lS4/> and also member of the State Legislature in 1843, 1844, and 1845. He married Jane, daughter t' Caimkn. In 1S4.'J l»c was both clerk and ;rcr of thai city. He was admilicd in ls45 as an attorney, and ue counselor in July, 1848. Knterinj; upon active practice in c .itiuien he soon won recognition at the bar. and ra|)idly rose to a fore- ujost place in his profession. lie was elected city treasurer of Cam- den in 1851 and city solicitor in IS/iO and 1857. and in 1850 and 18«i<> was chairman of the Republican State Executive Committee. His political career began as early as 1842, and thereafter he was prominent in the cami)aigns as both a writer and orator. In 18(j(i Ik was a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago, was a member of the committee which framed the platform, and staunchly supported Abraham Lincoln ft)r ])resident, who api)ointed him consul l«» Liver|Jool. a post he held with great credit and satisfaction until 187',*, when he resigned. In that year he was ai)pointed United States assistant attorney-general to settle certain claims against the govern- ment. President Lincoln also nominated him minister to Jai)an, but he chose the Liverpool consulate instead; before he accepted this he was for a short time consul lo Paris, filling a temporary vacancy. In IS?:} he became a member of the Board of Finance of the Centen- nial Exhibition. He was president of the Agricultural Society of New Jersey, the Pittsburg, Titusville and Buffalo Railroad, the New Jersey Mining Company, and the Bar Association of Camden; vice-president of the American Protective Tariff" League; and a director of the Cam- den and Atlantic and West Jersey Railroads, the Camden and Pliiladel- phia Ferry Company, and the People's Gaslight C«)mpany of Jersey City. He became a member of the American Philosophical Society of Pennsylvania in 188G. Mr. Dudley was a (Quaker by birth, parentage, ancestry, and ccmvic- tion. He was one of the ablest and most distinguished lawyers in New New Jersey, and a m;m of remarkable ability and great force of char- acter. As a diplomat he achieved a wide reputation. He wrote much on political and other subjects, was a noted public speaker, and wielded a powerful influence in the councils of his i)arty. He died April 15, 1893. March 4, 1846, he married Emaline, daughter of Seth Matlack, of Camden, who died in Madrid, Spain, February l», 1S84. They had three children: Edward, Mary, and Ellen. RiLHAKD Thompson Mii.i.kk, Camden, Circuit Court judge of New lersev. is one of tliose who, by reason of tlu-ir knowlcdi^'L- of tlif law BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 411 and their manner of administering^- it, have placed the judiciary of New Jerse}' on that high plane which it so justly occupies. Judg-e Miller's paternal grandfather, Jonas Miller, the only child of Abram Miller and Susanna Stanbury, was born in Essex county, N. J., in 178G, and early in life removed to Bass River in Atlantic county, where he successfully engaged in the business of ship-building and chandlery Some years later he purchased Congress Hall and its plantation at Cape Island, now Cape May City, where he resided during the remainder of his life. He married Mary Mathis, by whom he had six children, one of whom, Walter Burroughs Miller, the father of the present judge, was for years the proprietor of Congress Hall. His rare judgment, sturdy honesty, and quick appreciation of the affairs and needs of his fellow citizens endeared him alike to all parties, and he was chosen to fill many offices of trust and responsibility, having been elected to represent his county in the House of Assembly in lS5o, and in the State Senate for two terms from 1880 to 188G. He died in 1892 at the age of sixty-eight years. Judge Miller's great-great-grandfather, William Williams, of Loudon county, Va., a colonel in the Third Regiment of Pennsylvania Volun- teers in the Revolutionary war, was married on the 24th day of July, 1779, at Christ church in the city of Philadelphia, to Abigail, daughter of Richard and Esther Zane Collins, of Gloucester (now Camden) county, N. J. Their only child, Hetty W. , married Capt. Humphrey Hughes, who, during the war of 1812^ sailed under letters of marque issued by the French government, and gained considerable fame for his attempt to rescue Bonaparte from his imprisonment at St. Helena, an attempt which, but for the premature discharge of a weapon caused by the fall of a sailor, would undoubtedly have been successful. One of the chil- dren of Captain Hughes was Louisa W., who married Enoch Edmunds, of Cape May county, who became sheriff of his county and represented it in the State Senate from 1850 to 1853. Louisa H. Edmunds, the daughter of Senator Edmunds, married Waters B. Miller in January, 1845 She died at the early age of thirty-three years, leaving four children, among whom was Richard T. Miller, who was born in Cape May county on the IGth day of December, 1845. At the age of eight Judge Miller was sent to Meigs Academy at Pottstown, Pa., where he remained but a very short time, being placed the next year in the Congregational School at Easton, Conn., where he continued his studies for two years. He then attended the West Jersey 4ia THE JUDICIAL AND < IVII, UlSTOliV (>F NKW JKRSKV. Academy at Hridgcton. N. J., until ihc death of its principal, Prof. Thompson, in ISOO. lie then began to prepare fr of the pleas for Cape May county in 188'.» for a term of five years, but resigned this otVice on March 30, 1802, t«» accept the Common Pleas judgeship of Camden county, which oftice he, in turn, resigned on March 11, 18'.»:J, to accept the Circui: Court judge- ship for the State fur the term beginning in 180:J and ending in March, 1 '.»(>(>. Judge Miller marrietl, in IS',:>, Miss Mercedes Ysabel Azcaratc, a native of Cuba, with whom he became acfjuainted while she, in com- pany with her j)arents, summered at Cape May. They were married at Christ church, Philadelphia, before the very same altar where, just ninety-five years before, his great great-grandfather, dA. Williams, married the (Juaker maiden, Abigail Collins. Judge Miller's character is ]ieculiarly suited to the i)rofession which he chose, and the eminence which he has achieved in it and which led to his elevation to the bench gives full play to his best faculties. His pleasing manners and im])artial judgments have commended him most favorably t«) that large part of the community who.se business has brought them in close contact with him. liach of the positions for which he has been .selected he has filled with credit to himself and to those resp«»nsil)le for his app«)intment, and his present p Wii.M.N. Trenton, son of J«)hn Wilson, a ju(l;;c of the Kssex C*ommt)n Pleas and a grandson of Allen Wilson, was born in (Ircen- brook, Essex county, in ISOH, came with the family to Trenton in IStil. read law with Samuel R Hamilton and James KwinJ,^ and was admit- ted in September, 1S:{0. He was for some time a jKirtner of Samuel L. Southard, and was the first i)rosecutor of the pleas <»f Mercer county. He was a member of assembly in isn, clerk of the Supreme Court fn»m ls:i-2 to IS52, and was appointed V. S. commissioner of enn»ll- nient for the draft in the Civil war. At his death he was the oldest member of the Mercer county bar. He was a sound and solid lawyer and a man of hijjh repute. William P. Shkr.man, Trenton, was admitted in November, is:j:5, but never practiced. He was ajipointcd the first surroj.(ate of Mercer county and served three terms. JosKPM C. Potts, Trenton and Jersey City, brother of Stacy (i. Potts, was admitted in September, 183:5, was clerk of the U. S. District Court for New Jersey under Judge Philemon Dickerson, and in 1837 became the editor of the Register, late in life moved to Jersey City and was a partner of John Linn. He was an elder of the Presbyterian church and died in 1880. William Thomas Hilliakd, Salem, is a lineal descendant of John Hilliard, who came from London, England, to the vicinity of Dover, Delaware, about 1(180, and who served as a judge and commissioner of the three lower counties of Pennsylvania (now the State of Delaware). In 1701 John Hilliard, son of the original John, settled in Northamp- ton town.ship. Burlington county, N. J. On his mother's side Mr. Hil- liard is descended from John (loodwin, who came from London in IT") and located in Pennsylvania, whence he removed in 1702 to Salem, N. J., where the family have since resided. Hoth families have been members of the Society of P'riends since their arrival in this country. Mr. Hilliard is the son of Thomas Townsend Hilliard and Hannah Townsend C»oodwin, his wife, and was born May 28, 1S41>, in Salem, N. J., where he has always resided. He received his education in GEORGE M. SHIPMAN, BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 115 Salem Academy and in the academy of Swithin C. wShortlidg-e at Kcn- nett Square, Pa , and studied law with Hon. Clement II. vSinnickson of Salem, and the late Hon. Thomas P. Carpenter of Camden. Since his admission to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1873, he has been in active and successful practice in his native town. He became a counselor at the June term, 18TG, and is also a special master and examiner in chancery and a vSupreme Court commissioner. Mr. Hilliard is a recognized leader of the Salem county bar, and dur- ing his professional career has been connected with many of the more important cases in his part of the State. He was counsel for proponent in the case of Waddington vs. Buzby, 10 Stewart, which involved the matter of testamentary capacity, and was connected with the recent case of Bacon vs. Devinney, involving the right of an heir to retain the benefit of collateral pledged for a mortgage, which was a lien on land he had inherited. He was one of the principal organizers in 1888 of the City National Bank of Salem, and has since been its president and counsel and one of the directors. He has been the treasurer and counsel of the Salem Cemetery Association since its organization in 1880 and was one of the organizers of the Salem Electric Light, Heat and Power Company. September 22, 1875, Mr. Hilliard married Eliza, daughter of the late George L. Gillingham, of Moorestown, Burlington county, N. J. They have five children : Thomas G., George L., William T., jr., Bernard A. and Mary E. C. EwiNG Patterson, Long Branch, is of English descent and a member of the family which traces its lineage to William Patterson, one of the founders of the Bank of England. Four brothers, William, Robert, Joseph and James, came to this country in colonial days. One of these, James Patterson, settled in Middletown township, Monmouth county, N. J., where the homestead has remained in the family for six generations. His descendants have been prominent in public alTairs. Jehu Patterson, grandfather of C. Ewing, was president of the Coun- cil of New Jersey for two years, judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Monmouth county for thirty-two years, and held many other local offices. He married Hannah Gordon, and died in 1852 at the age of eighty- six. James Patterson, his son and the father of C. Ewing, was a prominent Democrat, and for many years was a member and for ten years director of the Monmouth County Board of Chosen Freeholders. 416 TIIK JI'DICIAI, AND CIVIL IIISTnKY nV NKW JKKSKY. lie was two terms a mcinWcr (»f the lower house of the Legislature, and for two years a member and one year president of the Council. Ik- died in ls«;»; at the a^e of seventy three. Mis wife, who was I^ydia T. Hopping. tMcd in IS7:J. Four of their sons, besides the subject of this sketch, became prominent in political and jiublic life. The eldest. Jehu, Jr., a graduate of Princeton, was a very able and succcssfid lawyer, practicing at I'rcehold, Moiimoutli county; was elected coimty clerk and died in ortice in 1858; one, John H., is elsewhere noticed in these pages; another. Dr. James H. Patterson, was for twenty- five years a practicing physician at Shrewsbury, N. J., and clerk of Mon- mouth county from 1883 until his death in IS'.io. A fourth s(»n, Samuel II., was for about seven years a member of the Monmouth Hoard of Freeholders, and was very jirominent in the politics of his county. Charles Ewing Patterson, son of James and Lydia T. (Hopping) Patterson, was born in Miildletown, Monmouth county, N. J., Decem- ber \'l, 1848, and received a common and private school educati(»n. He read law in Red Bank with Robert Allen, Jr., was graduated from Columbia Law School with the degree of LL. H. in ISO'J, and was ad- mitted to the bar of New York in the same year. From 1809 to 1871 he was under sheriff of Monmouth county, and at the same time was regi tered as a student at law with (Icn. Charles Haight, of FrcehoM, being admitted to the New Jersey bar in I'ebruary. 1871. He was in active and successful practice in Long Branch from IS^ I to 187l», and during that period served for two years as a member ami for four years as solicitor of the Town Commi.ssion. In I87'J he re- moved to White Oaks, Linc«)ln county. New Mexico, and was admitted to the bar of that territory at Las Vegas. lie practiced his i)rofession and was engaged in gold mining at White Oaks until 188;}, when his brother having been elected clerk of M(»nmouth county, he was re- (juestcd to return to New Jersey and take charge of the county clerk's office, which he did, as dejjuty, until his brother's death in July, 18;»(), when he was appointed county clerk by G(ivernor Abbett to till the vacancy. In the fall of 1890 he returned to Long Branch, Monmouth county, where he has since carried on the general practice of the law. Mr. Pallerson has won uniform success at the bar, and is recognised bs one of the ablest lawyers in old Monmouth. He has been counsel of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Monmouth county since 1891, has served as counsel of the Monmouth County Litjuor Dealers' League for the last seven year.s, and was counsel of the corporation of Long BIOGRAPHICAL KKGISTER. -117 Branch from 1801 to December, 18'.)(J, when he resigned that position to accept the oflfice of police mag-istrate, to which he was elected. lie is a director and was one of the organizers of the Long Branch Pier Company and is vice-president and treasurer of the Long Branch I'.lec- tric Railway Company, which he was also instrumental in organizing. May 1, 1879, he married vSarah E., daughter of Enoch Hendrickson, of Long Branch, N. J., and they have three children : Anna Margarita and Carlota M., both born in White Oaks, New Mexico, and Lydia S., born in Freehold, N. J. William Penn Robeson, Belvidere, son of Morris, was born in Phila delphia, Pa., November 10, 1708, and descended from Andrew Robe- son, who came to Warren county, X. J., from England with William Penn, and was a member of Governor Markham's Privy Council. Mr. Robeson was for more than twenty- five years the presiding judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He resided for several years at Oxford Furnace, Warren county, moved to Belvidere, and died there Dccem- cember 2, 1804. He married Anna Maria, daughter of George C. and a sister of John P. B. Maxwell, both representatives in Congress from New Jersey. His son, George H., was secretary of the navy, and an- other son, William Penn, was colonel of the 3d N. J. Cavalry in the Civil war. Robert Hamilton, Newton, son of Gen. Benjamin Hamilton, was born in Hamburg, Sussex county, in 1811, and was admitted as an attorney in 183G, and as a counselor in 1830. He was for two terms prosecutor of the pleas for vSussex county, and for several years direc- tor of the Board of Freeholders. He was a member of the New Jer- sey Assembly in 1803-6-4, and in ISC-t was speaker of the House. He was elected to Congress in 1872 and again in 1874. Belmont Perry, Woodbury, was born in Flemington, N. J., March 14, 1854, and is a son of Edmund and Elizabeth White Perry. The first of his ancestors on his father's side who came to America settled in Rhode Island long before the Revolution. The famous Comniodore Perry, who won the naval battle on Lake Erie, was of the same family. His father was a member of the New Jersey judiciary and at one time editor of the Hunterdon Democrat. In 18G1 he was president of the New Jersey Senate. His maternal grandfather was a professor in a Connecticut college and the author of "White's Arithmetic." Belmont Perry obtained his education at the Pennsylvania Military •IIH THK JI'DICIAI, AMI ("IVII, HISTOliV (>K NKW JKKSKY. Acac1cm> ... i^ wcsler, Pa., ami al Si. Stephen's Collcjje, New V(»rk lie sliulictl law with his father, Jiuljjc ICiiinuiul Perry, aiul with Jmlj^t R. S. Kuhl t>f FleniinjjlDH, aiul was admitted to the liar as an atlornc\ at Trenton in June, 1ST5, and as a counselor at the same place in June. IS??*. lie was pro.secutor of the pleas for Oloucester c to IS'.M, and has also been city s«)licitor of WoodbiUN and n member of the State Hoard for the Care of Insane Women. 11' is a director of the Farmers' and Mechanics' National Hank of Wood bury, of the Woodbury Huildinj^ and Loan Association and of the Gloucester County Hible Society ; was chairman of the Slate I)em<»- cratic Convention at the time (iovernor (ircen was nominated, and has been favorably mentioned for the Deinocraiic nominations for both ^jovernor and congressman. In the performance of his professional labors Mr. Perry has not been at all behind his brethren of the bar, either in the amount of business he has had, or in the successful prosecution thereof. Amon^ other important cases, he conducted for the Stale the noted murder trials, widely celebrated throujjh the press accounts, of State vs. (ieorj^e M. Dunham, State vs. Josejih Hillman and State vs. Michael McTij^he. He has done considerable literary work of a varied description. IK was for a time a newspaper rciwrtcr in New York and for a period edited the Gloucester County Democrat, which newspai)er was started by him ; he aided in the preparation of the History of Gloucester Cotmty published in 1883; assisted in the preparation (»f several Stair Democratic platforms and has of late years been enj^as^ed in gathering; material for a historical work relatinj^ to the late Civil war. In September, 1877, he was married to Lida, daut;hlcr of Kcv. Daniel and Sarah Thackara, of Woodbury, X. J. JosiUA S. Salmon, Hoonton, prosecutor of the pleas lor Morns county, is a son of Gideon and Jane (Van Fleet) Salmon, and was born near Mount Olive, Morris county, X. J., February 2, 1840. The family was originally Scotch, one of them being knighted by Sir Robert Hruce in the fourteenth century. At .some time during the period of the Highland wars the Salmon family moved from Scotland and .settled at Southwold in Suffolk county, England. From there three brf)thers <»t the name came with their families to America about the year ir,4o. One settled in Massachii setts, another located on Long Island, estab- lishing the town called Southold, the third took up his residence in BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 410 New Jersey, on or near the site of the present city of Elizabeth. Tliis last mentioned brother or one of his immediate descendants remov^ed to Schooley's Mountain, in Morris county, and became the owner of large tracts of land there; and from him the numerous Salmons in this State, including the subject of this sketch, are descended. Mr. Salmon received a thorough preparatory education in the semi- naries at Charlotteville, N. Y., and Schooley's Mountain, N. J. Turn- ing his attention to the law as a profession he entered as a student the law office of the late Charles E. vScofield, of Jersey City, and was gradu- ated with the degree of LL.B. from the Albany Law School in 187:5. In March of the same year he was admitted as an attorney and coun- selor to the bar of New York. He was admitted as an attorney in this State at the November term of the Supreme Court, 1875, and at once began active practice at Boonton, N. J., where he has since resided. He afterward became a counselor at law in this State, and on Decem- ber 21, 1894, he was admitted as an attorney and counselor of the Su- preme Court of the United States. His professional career has been one of eminent success, and covers a wide experience in both civil and criminal law. He has always enjoyed an extensive practice. As a lawyer he occupies a high place at the bar of New Jersey, and is recognized as one of its foremo.'--t \nac- titioners. His interest in public and political affairs began with his admission to the bar in 1875. For six years following 187G he served as a member of the Boonton Common Council, and in 1877 he was elected to the State Legislature, where he took a prominent part on the floor of the House. He was counsel for the Board of Chosen Free- holders of Morris county for a number of years between 1880 and 1803, when in March of that year he was appointed by Governor Werts prose- cutor of the pleas for Morris county, which office -he still holds. During his term as prosecutor he has had several homicide cases exciting con- siderable public interest. The case of State vs. Bergemann was carried to the United States Supreme Court and there decided against the prisoner, who was afterward executed on June 20, 1805. Another case, that of State vs. Wilson, was carried to the Court of Errors and Appeals of this State, and that Court having sustained the conviction, Wilson was executed on June 3, 1897. As counsel, Mr. Salmon has been connected with numerous impor- tant cases, notably that of Miller et als. vs. vSpecr et als. in 1883, in which the sixth section of the vStaiute of Descents received a construe- iia THK jri»nM\t. wh civii. iiistouv <.f nkw .ikksky. N. .»r liis clients, its possession havinjj l>cfn taken by his oppo- nents, who were lielieved by eminent e<»nnsel to be secure in their rijjbt to the proj)erty. Mr. Sahnon has been connsel for the town of IVxmton and for various townships in Morris county nearly all the time since his admission t<' the bar. He was the Democratic candidate for county clerk in IS's and the nominee of his i)arly for State senator in 1HH3. He has been one of the directors of the Hoonton National Hank since its organization in ISOO. As a citizen he has always been active and intlucntial in lh< welfare and advancement of the i)lace of his residence, substantial!) supporting its leadinj^ institutions, and liberally encouraj;inj^ its worthy enterprises. On October i:{, ISG'.i, Mr. Salmon was married at Mendham, N. J . to Miss Deborah Virginia ICmmons, one of the five children of Jeremiah and Ksther (Stout) iCmmons, both of whom had died before she was nine years old. They resided at the time of their decease between Mendham and Chester in Morris county. Mrs. Salmon died March 1*2, IS'.r.*; and he married sccoml. April I'.i, IH'Kl, Mrs. ICmma L. Richards, widow of the late Jesse W. Richards, of Lincoln Park, N. J. On April I, 1.S07, Mr. Salmon oi)cned an oiiicc m Mornstown, and divides his time between that and his Hoonton olTice, having a son in each office reading law and assisting in legal work. John Samuel Jessup, Woodbury, is a greatgreat-grand.son (»f John Jessup, who came from England in 1T:JT and settled in Deptfonl town- ship, Gloucester county, N. J., on the place that has remained in pos- session of the family until very recently. His greatgrandfather, alsr. John Jessup. was a member of the Gloucester County Hoard of Chosen Kreehcjldcrs. His grandfather was James Jessup, and his father, Josei)h, was sheriff of the comity of Gloucester for three years. Judge Jessup is a son of Joseph and Mary (Clark) Jessuj), and was bfirn in Harri.son township, (iloucester county, N. J., August 28, 1S42. He attended the public schools and was graduated from the West Jer- sey Academy at Hridgeton in lS02and from Princeton College in isr,5. He spent two years in the law office of Hon. Frederick T. Freling- huysen in Newark and one year at Harvard Law School, and was ad- mitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney at the June term, 1808, BHNJAMIN D. SHREVE. BTOGRAl'IIICAL REGISTER. -121 and as a counselor in June, 1871. He is also a special master and ex- aminer in chancer}' and a Supreme Court commissioner, and in IS!):') was admitted at Trenton to practice in tlie United States District Court. Since hSGS Judge Jessup has successfully practiced his i)r()fessi()n in Woodbury, and for sev^eral years has been a recognized leader of the Gloucester county bar. On April 1, 1807, he was appointed b}' Governor Griggs as president judge of the Gloucester County Courts for a term of five years. He was for a time city solicitor of Wood- bury, resigning to become a member of the City Council, in which capacity he served for nine years; was clerk of the Gloucester County Board of Chosen Freeholders for nine years; has been county solic- itor for the past four years and coimsel for the borough of Clayton for six years, and has served as solicitor and counsel of the First National Bank of Woodbury since 18G8. For many years he has been an elder and trustee of the Woodbury Presb3'terian church. He was married, November 2, 1871, to Miss Mary Moore Howell, daughter of Dr. Benjamin P. Howell, of Woodbury, N. J. They have had seven children: Joseph, Benjamin H. (deceased), John vS., jr., Mary H., Rachel L., Anna G. and Sarah. Samuei, White Bkldon, Camden and Bordentown, was born in Bor- dentown, N. J., April 4, 1861, and is a son of Rev. Joseph and Jane A. (Kester) Beldon, and a grandson of Hosea Willard Beldon, of Woodbury, Gloucester county, and of Isaac Kester, of the county of Burlington. He received a thorough education in the New Jersey Collegiate Institute at Bordentown, which he attended for six years. Afterward he taught school four years in Burlington county, and read law with Hon. James Buchanan, of Trenton, where he was admitted as an attorney in June, 1882^ and as a counselor in June, 1885. For six months he practiced his profession in Bordentown, but in January, 1883, returned to Trenton and formed a copartnership with his ])re- ceptor, Mr Buchanan, under the firm name of Buchanan & Beldon, which continued one year. In January, 1884, he came to Camden, where he has since been in active practice, first with Robert C. Hutch- inson for about three years and since then practically alone. Mr. Beldon has enjoyed uniform success in the general practice of his profession, and for several years has occupied a ])r()minent place at the bar. He was appointed a special master in chancery by Chan- THK ' •"■ '\I, AND CIVIL IlISTOKV r Runyua, .i;ui is also a Supreme Court coininissi<»ner. On April 6, IH'J.'i, Jiulgc Charles G. Garrison appointcil him and (»eorjje \V. Hluck as commissioners to investijjate the municipal affairs of th« county and city of Camden, a duty which they discliarped with much credit and satisfaction. Mr. Meldon has resided in Hordentown prae tically all his life, and has taken an active interest in the welfare <>i that place, serving; it for several years as corporation counsel, which |)osition he still holds. He is also a solicitor for a number of bor- oujjhs in South Jersey. In politics he is a prominent and activ< Republican. June 21), 1892, Mr. licldon married Sarah S. (l.inirlit.r <>f tin- l.d, Mahlon F. Shreve, of Hordentown, X. J. Ei»ML'Ni) E. Rkai), Jk., Camden, is a son of Jolin S. and Ilarriit (Peak) Read, and was born in Camden, N. J., Auj^aist 7, 1S.5'.>. He was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in ISTO, read law in his native city with the late Peter L. Voorhees, and was admitted i" the bar of New Jersey in June, 1SS2. Since then he has practicetl his pr<»fession in Camden, where he resides. I)ccembcr 27, lSSt», Mr. Read married Margaret W. Mulford, daughter of John W. and Kati (Hopkins) Mulford, of Camden, X. J. Cai.ki! S. TiTswoRTif, Newark, ber ."i, IStjS, and as a counselor November U, isTl. December Il», IST.'J, he was admitted to practice in the United States District Court for the Dis- trict of New Jersey, and October T-J, IS85, in the United States Su])remc Court. He was president judge of the Court of Comtnon Pleas of Cam- den cI<-[.\I. ANI) (MVII. I!IST(»!:V mK NKW .IKKSKY. riiuiiiy. lit- was ;i nicmiai'ii iiu- v. < iiisin ut innal ... L*. S. senator IBfjO-G/i, and in IHT'2 was appointed a incfnl>er and chairman of tlic commission to revise the State consti- tution, lie died at Mount Holly Augfust 23, 187H. Alden CoKTi.ANDr SiovKL, Camdcu, son of Rev. Aidcn Scovcl, souk time principal of Hudson River Seminary, was lx)rn in Princeton, N. J., June 13, 1830, read law and was admitted as an attorney in 1850, and as a counselor in 1850, and for a time was associated with Hon. tieorjje M. Robeson. He was a prominent Republican, was clerk and counsel of the Camden County Hoard of Chosen Freeholders for several years, city solicitorof Camden, three years a member of the Camden City Council, and for several years a member of the New- Jersey Assembly. TnEonoRK J. HoFF.MAN, Somerville, born in Clinton townsnip, Hunt- erdon county, was graduated from Rutj^^ers in 1851, read law with S. H. Ransom, of Somerville, later of Jersey City, and was admitted to the bar in 1854. He practiced in Asbury, N. J., till 18G0. In 1803 he enlisted in the 8th N. J. Rc;.(t., and served nearly two years. He re- sumed practice in Clinton, N. J., and later moved to Somerville. Feb- ruary 22, 1855, he married Amanda, daujjhter of Aaron Van Syckel. Cm AkiKs F. FncH, Phillipsburj,'^, son of Ransom F'itch, was born in Edmeston, Otsejfo county, N. Y.. in 1844, was graduated from the Normal School at Mansfield, Pa., read law and was admitted at Easton, Pa., and also read law with Hon. David A. Depuc, at Belvidere, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar in 18G7. William Luce, Belvidere, son of William, was born in Sussex county, N. J.. October 19, 1837, read law with Hon. J. M. Robeson, of Belvi- dere, and was admitted as an attorney in isTU and as a counselor in 1874. He became jirominent in criminal law, was council for the Hoard of Chosen Freeholders of Warren county, and a Democrat. He died in 1877. In 1857 he married Hulda, daughter of Isaac Reed. Charlf.s B.artlf.s, Flemington. was born at New Gcrmantown. N.J., March 18, 1801, was graduated from Union College in 1821, studiedlaw in the office of Nathaniel Saxton, at Flemington, and becoming an at- torney in 1825, continued in active practice till 1854. He was engaged largely in real estate operations from 1832 to 180O with Aaron Van Syckel. After 1853 he was connected with several railroad, lumber. Sz^befr77aT7 7^n?a -^ra vz/f-^ Or. ^;^r^ i^?^z>^^^-^^-'^^i^-v_^ BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTKR. 427 and coal enterprises, and was also president of the Hunterdon County National Bank. Chart, EL Sitgrf.aves, Phillipsburg, son of Hon. William Sitgreavcs, born in Easton, Pa , April 22, 1803, read law there with his uncle, Hon. Samuel Sitg-reaves, and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1824. He began practice in Easton, and later was admitted to the bar of New Jersey and settled in Phillipsburg;. He was elected to the New Jersey Assembly in 1831 and 1833, and was a member of the State Council in 1834: and of the State Senate in 1852-54. His Manual of Legislative Practice and Order of Business was adopted by the Legislature. In 1864 and 1866 he was elected to Congress. He was often urged as a candidate for governor, and in 1861 became the first mayor of the city of Phillipsburg. He was a major in the New Jersey militia, from 1855 to 1864, was a trustee of the State Normal »School, and was president of the Belvidere, Delaware & Lackawanna Railroad Company from its organization till 1873. He was president of the Phillipsburg National Bank for many years from its inception in 1856. October 25, 1825, he married Jane Louisa, daughter of Samuel De Puy, of Milford, Pa. William M. Mackey, Belvidere, son of John Mackey, was born in Oxford township, Warren county, March 6, 1837, was graduated from Princeton in 1861, read law with J. M. Sherrerd, of Belvidere, and Judge Scudder, at Trenton, and was admitted as an attorney in No- vember, 1864, and as a counselor in February, 1868. He began prac- tice in Belvidere, where he was superintendent of schools and mayor in 1873-74. He married, in 1864, Catherine, daughter of George Key - ser, of Oxford, N. J. Rodman M. Price, born in Sussex county, N. J., November 5, 1816, entered Princeton College, but did not graduate on account of pro- tracted illness. He pursued a course of legal studies and in 1840 was appointed a purser in the navy. He is said to have been the first per- son to exercise judicial functions under the American fiag on the Pacific coast, as alcalde. He was made naval agent there in 1848. He was a Democrat, a member of Congress from New Jersey from 1S51 to 1853, and governor of the State from 1854 to 1857. In 1861 he was an in- fiuential delegate to the Peace Congress. He caused the establishment in New Jersey of a normal school, and was warmly interested in the development of the State militia system. Isaac Tichenor, LL. D., born in Nevvark, N. J., February 8, 1754, I 4'iA THK rrhh I\I. \NL) ClVIF nisTMl;V i ,]■ \ |. \\ .11 I;>^I.'V the Colle^^c ui .\c\v Jci'-scy in 1.^6, and wliiic - ■ ncclaily, X. Y., in 177T, was appointed assistant commissar>'-gcneral and stationed at Burlin^^«>n, N. J , where he bcjjan ice «»f his profession He soon became j)roniinent in politics, a representative in Congress from 1781 to 17H4, agent of the State to Congress in 1782, member of the State Council from 1787 to 1702. judge of the Supreme Court fri»m 17IU to 1704, chief justice in 1705 and 1706, member of the Council of Censors in 1702 and 1813, commissioner for the adjustment of the controversy with New York in 1701, senator in 1706 and 1707, governor of New Jersey from 1707 to 18U7 and from 1S08 to 1800, and again U. S. senator from is I. 5 to 1821. He died at Bennington, Vt., December 11, 18:38. Edward L. Camimieel, Trenton, born February 2, 1833, near Belvi- dere, N. J., was graduated from Lafayette College in 1S5.'), was ad- mitted to the bar in June, 1850, and began practice in Belvidere. In April, 1861, he enlisted in the Union army, and became lieutenant- colonel of the 15th and colonel of the 4lh X. J. Vols., and judge advo c.iic-general of the Army of the Potomac. He was brevettcd briga- dier-general April 0, 1865. He resumed practice in Belvidere, but ill health obliged him to abandon the profession. He was in charge (»f the State Military Agency at Trenton two years and then resumed practice there. He became a counselor in February, 1873. J. Hknrv Stone, Newark and Railway, born in Rahway, N. J., No- vember 10, 1835, was graduated from Rutgers College in 1856, read law with Cortlandt Parker, of Newark, and wasatlmilted as an attorney in November, 1850. He began practice in Newark, and in 1866 asso ciated himself with Jolin P. Jackscm, as Stone & Jackson, which ])arl- nershii) continued many years. He always lived in Rahway, where he was a director of the Gas Company and the Savings Institution, a member of the City Council, mayor two years, and long the city att(M- ney. In 1872 he was elected State senator from Union county and served three years, and in that body strongly advocated the general railroad law. He was an earnest Republican and an able lawyer, and died in Rahway, September 26, 1886. Colonel William I)i. llAKr, Morristown, born in I-^lizabethtown. N. J., December 7, 1746, was a son of Dr. Matthias De Hart, and was actively engaged in the practice of law when the Revolutionary war broke out. November 7, 1775, he was made major of the First N. J. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 420 Battalion, and in 1776 was promoted lieutenant-colonel. September (J, 1780, he became colonel of the 2d Reii^t., Continental Army, but finally resig^ned, and resumed the practice of the law in Morristown. He became a leading member of the bar, and was noted for his bril- liant sallies of wit and humor. In 1779 he acted as president of the vSt. Tammany Society. He died in Morristown June KJ, 1801. John U. Givens, Belvidere, son of John and grandson of Jolin Givens, of the war of 1812, was born in Vernon, Sussex county, N. J., May 25, 1834, was educated at Deckerton Academy, taught school about nine years, and read law with Hon. A. J. Rogers, of Warren county. In 1862 he enlisted in the 31st N. J. Inf., and re-enlisted as first lieutenant in the 2d N. J. Cavalry. Returning from the war he read law with Thomas Kays, of Newton, was admitted as an attorney in 1870, and settled in Belvidere. He was a member of assembly two terms before his admission to the bar. James M. Robeson, Belvidere, born near Belvidere, Warren county, November 1, 1819, was admitted to the bar in 1848, served as prose- cutor of the pleas of Warren county for five years, and in 1872 was appointed law judge for a full term, but resigned after two years and returned to the practice of law. Jacob W. Miller, Morristown, born in German Valley, Morris county, N. J., in November, 1800, read law with his elder brother, William W. Miller, five years, and was admitted and attained distinc- tion as a lawyer, counselor and orator. At one time he was associated with Edward W. Whelpley, later chief justice. In 1838 he was elect- ed by the Whigs as State senator and served two years. In 1840 and again in 1846 he was elected U. S. senator and served two terms, standing among the principal figures of Congress. He was an em- inent statesman, an able political writer, and one of the first members of the Republican party. He died in Morristown September 30, 18(i2, leaving a wife (daughter of George P. Macculloch) and several sons and daughters. Two of his daughters became respectively the first and second wife of the late Anthony Q. Keasbey, of Newark. Samuel Leake, Trenton, born in Cumberland county, N. J., Novem ber 2, 1747, received his preparatory education at the two celebrated schools at Fagg's Manor and Pcqua, and in 1767-69 Rev. John Blair, Dr. R. Smith and Enoch Green gave him certificates "of proficiency + ;.. THK "I'l'-'M, AND Civil in-i(ilV (iK \ !• W JKItSKY tU l»;aiicl»cs. and <»f bis luj;!! hj1:j;iuu.s ch.u^ictc-r." lie laujiht ..irs or more in Newcastle, Del., and in May, 177*2, received testimonials from Thomas McKcan and (Jcorjjc Read, two sijjncrs of •ion of Independence, and others. lie then entered ; ^- .- L llejic and in September, 1774, took his Bachelor's dcjjrcc. lie read law with Ciov. Richard Howell and later with Charles Petlit, of Burlington, was admitted as an attorney in November, 177<;, and began practice in Salem. In October, 1785, he removed to Tren- ton and became a prominent lawyer. He died March 8, IHiO. His epitaph reads: "Sacred to the memory of Samuel Leake, Esfjuire, Sergeant-at-law, Died March Sth, A. D., 18*20, ae. 7*2. Kducated to the bar, he attained the highest degree of eminence; distinguished f<>r candor, integrity, zeal for his clients, and i)r<. found knowledge of juris prudence, he fuifdled the duties of his station with singular usefulness, •without feai and without reproach.' Deeply versed in human liter;i ture, and devoutly studious of the words of sacred truth, he lived the life of a Christian, and died the death of the righteous." He became a counselor in November, 1780. His name heads the parchment roll of attorneys and counselors in the State of New Jersey. The first attorneys admitted after the adoption of the vState Constilu tion on July 2, 1776, were Samuel Leake and Fratiklin Davenport. His name also heads the list of civil cases reported in the State Reports — 1 Coxe's Reports, 1790. Aaron Ogden Dayton, bc^rn in ICli/.abethtown, N. J., Oct(jber 4. 179G, descended from Ralph Dayton, who came from England to Mass- achusetts in 1650. lie was a grandson of Elias Dayton, a colonel of New Jersey militia in the Revolutionary war. and a son of Elias B. Dayton, who married a daughter of Dr. Thomas Bradbury Chandler. Mr. Dayton was graduated with highest honors from Princeton College in 1H13 read law with Governor Ogden, and was admitted as an at- torney November 13, 1817. In 1819 he began jjractice at or near Salem and attained high rank at the bar. In 1S*2:J he was elected to the State Legislature. He removed to Jersey City in 18*25 and to New York in 1826, and was admitted to the bar there. Later he entered the gov- ernment service at Washington, and died September 30, 1858. Wi I.I.I AM M. BuRKii.L, Kearney, was graduated from Columbia Col- lege with the highest honors in 18*24, and read law with Chancellor Kent. He was the author of "Circumstantial Evidence," "Assign- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. VM nicnts," "Practice, "and a "Law Dictionary," and also aided in compiling- Worcester's Dictionary. He was remarkable for his elegant precision and discrimination in the use of language. He died in Kearney, N.J., February 7, 1869, aged sixty-two. James Giles, Bridgeton, born in New York in 1759, served in the Revolutionary war as lieutenant and became major general of militia. He read law with Joseph Bloomfield, of Trenton, was admitted as an attorney in 1783, later became a counselor, and in 1804 was called to the rank of sergeant-at-law. He married a sister of General Bloom- field, and in 1788 settled in Bridgeton, where he died in 1825. He was clerk of Cumberland county for fifteen years, and long president of the Cumberland Bank. William Livingston, first governor of New Jersey under the consti- tution of 1776, was born in Albany, N. Y., in 1723, and was a grand- son of Rev. Robert and a son of Philip and Catharine (Van Brugh) Livingston. He was graduated from Yale College at the head of his class in 1741, read law with James Alexander, of New York city, and was admitted in New York in 1748 and in New Jersey in 1755. In 1772 he settled in Elizabethtown, this State. He was a delegate to the Continental Congresses of 1774, 1775 and 1776, took command of a body of militia at Elizabethtown, and on August 28,1776, was elected the first governor of the State by the Legislature assembled at Princeton. He served till 1790. He was a member of the U. S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, and in 1788 received the degree of LL.D. from Yale College. He died June 25, 1790. In 1745 he married Susannah French, who died in 1789. George Whitefield Woodruff, Trenton, born in Elizabethtown, N. J., March 16, 1765, was graduated from Princeton, was admitted to the bar in 1788, removed to Georgia, and acquired a fortune. Return- ing to this State he settled in Trenton and died in 1846, being the oldest member of the New Jersey bar. Charles Haight, Freehold, son of Thomas G. and Ann Eliza (Van Meter) Haight, was born at Colt's Neck, N. J., January 4, 1838, was graduated from Princeton College in 1857, read law with Governor Joel Parker, of Freehold, and Cummins, Alexander & Green, of New York, and was admitted as an attorney in New Jersey in 1861, and as a coun- selor in 1865. In 1860 he was elected to the Legislature and in 1861 4.. J Till II DiriAL .\NI> Civil. IMSTmIiY i >V NKW .IKUSKV • t ihc Umisc-. in l^t>V ami iM.'.t lie w.ih clcclcil l'> L<.ii- - . IST.l was appoiiUciI l>y ('mvtTnwr Parker prosecutor of tlie pleas of Monmouth county. In \^c,i he married Mary H , ilauj^hter of Dr. J. L. Taylor, of Trenton. (iF.oKCR P. Moi.i.KSON, New HrunswicK, >..n <»i l-^lia^ .MonL^.m, .i ilescendant of <»nc of the twenty-four i)roi)rietors of l'2asl Jersey, was lM>rn May 25, IHO."), read law and was admitted to the bar, and became a prominent lawyer of noted ability. He was three times a meml>erof the New Jersey Assembly, and was jirosccutor of the pleas of Middlesex county one year, when he was appointed attorney general of the State, which position he held three years. " His personal popularity, his honored ancestry, his affable manners, and his evident sincerity gave him unbounded influence." He died May 17, ISJJ. Wii.i.iAM M. Mii.i.KR, Morristown and Newark, born in Hunterdon county, N. J., in ITUT, was graduated with honors from Princeton Col- lege about isl.'i, read law with Theodore Frelinghuy.scn, and was admitted as an attorney in 1818 and as a counselor in 1821. He began practice in Morristown, but later moved to Newark. He was eminent as a public speaker and orator, and in a slander trial in New York in February, 1825, made the effort of his life. He soon after went t" France for his health, and died in Paris in July, 1825. Sa.muel Irkuei-i., Bridgeton, born at Centerton, Salem county, April 10, 1869, is a son of Clark and Lizxie Thomas (Eft) Iredell, and a great-grandson of Thomas, sr. , both of (iloiicester county. He came to Bridgeton with his parents in 18T(), was graduated from the South Jersey Institute in 1888, attended BuckncU University, read law with Walter H. Bacon, of Bridgeton, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 181>5. Amzi Armstrono, Newark, born in Mendham, Morris county, in 1807, was graduated from Princeton College in 1820, read law with H civil, III t.ainc lioiu Mil ford, Conn., to Newark about 1niinently eonnected with several corporations and institutier of the deneral Assembly in 185I» and ISOO, anil was an original member and for over twenty five years reeording secretary of the New Jersey Historical Society. In 1851 he married Caroline Davis Hayes. Wii.i.iAM K. McDonald, Newark, born in Alexandria, Va., Decem- ber 31, 180T, was graduated from Princeton in 1827, read law with Adjt.-Gen. Walter Junes, of Washingtt>n, DC, and became profess- or of languages at Washington College in Pennsylvania, and later establi.shed a classical .school in Hloomfield, N. J. He was admitted in 1841 and began practice in Newark, where he was clerk of the Common Council from April. 1844, to April, 1850. He was a mem- ber of the New Jersey General A.sscmbly in 1850 and 1857, was ap- pointed State comptroller in lS(i5 and reappointed in 18(J8, and was a member of the Newark Hoard of Education from 1804 to 1800. He died April 14, 1871. He married a daughter of Rev. James Carnahan, D. D., president of the College of New Jersey, who, with one mm, James C, a lawyer of Newark, survived him. Elias Van Arsdai.k, Sr., Newark, born in Freehold, N. J., Decem- ber i;j, 1770, was a son of Rev. Jacob Van Arsdale, wlio for over twenty-five years was pastor of the church at Springfield, Es.sex county. He was graduated from Princeton College in 1791, read law with Hon. Elisha Boudinot at Newark, and was admitted in 17'.t5. In November, isr.>, he succeeded W^illiam S. Pennington as president of the State Bank of Newark. He continued to practice with distin- guished ability, and won a wide reputation. Princetf>n gave him the degree of LL. D. He died March 1(», 1840. John P. Jackson, Newark, born at A(iuackanouck, Passaic county, in 1805, was graduated from Princeton College in 1823, read law, and was admitted in 1827. He .soon became a successful lawyer as a part- ner of Ashbel W. Corey and Amzi Arm.strong, of Newark. In 1831 he was elected a member of the New Jersey General Assembly, and in 1H32 was re-elected and chosen speaker of the Hou.se. In 1839 he w.is appointed clerk of Essex county, and then retired from active practie« . BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 435 He was reappointed in 184-4 and served five years more, and soon after became vice-president and manager of the New Jersey Railroad. He died December 10, 1861. He was prominent in the First and South Park Presbyterian churches of Newark, and a trustee of the State Normal School. Thomas A. D.-wis, Orange, born January 14, 1871, in Orange, X. J., is a son of Michael and Mary Davis, was educated at St. Franci.s Xavier's College in New York, read law with Blake & Howe, of Orange, and at the Metropolis Law School, and was admitted as an at- torney in June, 1895. November 25, 1896, he married Mary Adele, daughter of Henr}- Jacobs, of Orange. William Halsey, Newark, born at Short Hills, N. J., in 1770, was admitted to the bar in 1794, and became one of the prominent lawyers of the State. In 1830 he was made the first mayor of Newark, and later became a judge of the Essex Common Pleas. He died August l(i, 1843. William Pennington, Newark, son of Governor William S. Pen- nington, was born in Newark in 1790, was graduated from the College of New Jersey in 1813, read law with Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen, and was admitted as an attorney in 1817, and as a counselor in 1820, and became a sergeant-at-law in 1834. He was for several years clerk of the U. S. District and Circuit Courts, in 1828 was elected a member of assembly from Essex county, and was a leader of the Whig party in New Jersey. In 1837 he was elected governor and chancellor, and re- elected annually till 1843. It was during his term as governor that occurred the celebrated " broad seal" dif^culty, to which the election of Harrison in 1840 is often attributed. Governor Pennington likewise gave great satisfaction as chancellor, and as judge of the Prerogative Court. In 1843 he resumed his law practice He was (offered the post of governor of the Territory of Minnesota, but declined. In 1858 he was elected to Congress, and was made speaker of the House. He died in February, 1862. James Harris Boylan, Newark, son of Aaron Boylan, was born in Bernardsville, Somerset count}', November 12, 1825, read law with Governor William Pennington, of Newark, and was admitted in 1S5() He practiced in Newark till about 1881, and died June G, 1884, after a most successful career. 13^ nik !l|,i( l\l \.Nlj CIVIL ||IsT<>I;Y oK NKW JKi:>KV 1 A.uiii, IClizabcth, hull ut Hon. William and Mary (Ba: ' . aiul ^^rantlson of John Chctwood, assiM;iatc justice of the Supreme Court, was of (Quaker descent, and was born in Kliza- All, N. J., Feliruary 1. IKOO. lie read law with his father, was ' d as an attorney in November, 1S*JS, atul as a counselor in is:jl, and was associated with his father, with lion. William J. Majjie, and with his son, Robert li^. diet wood, and died January IS, 1K75. He was prosecutor of the pleas of old Ivssex county, was a member of the Eliz- abeth City Council several terms, mayor of the boroujjh and of the city, and a member «»f the State Lej^islature two years. He was the pro- jector of the Elizabeth Water and (las Company, and was one of the founders of the Elizabeth Orphan Asylum. April 3, 1832, he married Elizabeth P. Pheljis, who with two sons and one daughter survived him. Hknrv Ro(;krs, Newark, l)orn in Newark, N. J., January 27, IHOO, was graduated from Princeton College in 1819, read law with Joseph C. Hornblower, and was admitted in 1822, He opened an office in Newark, but more for his own i)rivate business than for the practice of law. He was a great student, and died, unmmaried, December ."Ui. 1868. Joshua S Thomi-son, Swedesboro, born in Somerset county. Me.. October 11, 181'), was a son of James and Susan (Patterson) Thomj)- son, and was graduated from Watervillc (now Colby) College in IH'.V.) as A.B. and in 1844 as A.M. He read law with Hon. Wyman B. S. Moore, of Watervillc, Me., and was admitted there in June, 1841, and in 1842 came to Swedesboro, Ciloucester county, N. J , and became an attorney in September, 1844. He was prominent in educational mat- ters, and in September, 1848, was made a counselor. February 22, 1849, he was appointed pro.secutor of the pleas of (iloucester county, and was reappointed in 1854, 18G4, 1800, and 1874. December 24, 1844, he married Frances S., daughter of Dr. Charles Oarrison, of Swedesboro. Ei.iAS P. Seei.f.v was born in Cumberland county in IT'.tl, and when young moved with his parents to Bridgeton. He read law with David Elmer, was admitted in 1S1,5, and .served in the New Jersey Legislature in 1830, 1831, and 1S32. In March, 1833, he was elected by the Legis- lature as governor and chancellor, and served several years. He died in 184G. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 437 Caleb Smith Green, Trenton, son of Caleb S., sr., was born in Law- rence township, Mercer county, January 18, 1819, was graduated from the Lawrenceville High School in 1834, and from Princeton Col- lege in 1837, read law with his brother, Chancellor Henry W. Green, of Trenton, and was admitted in May, 1843. He practiced in Trenton till his death February 19, 1891, acquiring a large office business. In 1863 he became a manager of the State Lunatic Asylum and served many years. He was long president of the Saving Fund Association of Trenton, a director of the Trenton Banking Company, many years from 1873 a lay judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals, a trustee of Princeton College and Princeton Theological Seminary, and one of the executors and trustees under the will of his brother, John C. Green. In 1847 he married the 3'oungest daughter of Chief Justice Ewing. Is.AAC W. Lanning, Trenton, born in Ewing township, Mercer county, read law in Trenton, and was admitted in September, 1834. He was a member of assembly at the time of the formation of Mercer county, and was prosecutor of the pleas from 1847 to 1857. He died in 1880. John Schomp, Somerville, son of Jacob G. Schomp, was born in Readington, Hunterdon county, June 2, 1843, was educated at Claver- ack Institute on the Hudson and at Rutgers College, read law with Brown, Hall & Vanderpool, of New York, and Bennet Van Syckel, of Somerville, and was admitted in February, 18G6. In 1809 he married Wilhelmina Schomp, of Hunterdon county. He died in September, 189G. John Dodd Bartine, Somerville, is descended from a Huguenot fam ily who came from France to New Rochelle, N. Y., and moved thence into New Jersey. His grandfather. Rev. David Bartine, and an uncle, the late Rev. David Wesley Bartine, D. D., were for many years prom- inent Methodist clergymen, the latter in this State. Through his mother he is a descendant of Dr. Benjamin Van Kirk, of Hopewell, N. J., who was an officer in the Revolutionary war. John D. Bartine is a son of Joseph F. and Nancy S. (Van Kirk) Bar- tine, and was born near Princeton, N. J., October 15, 1830. He was graduated from the Lawrenceville High School in 1858, and for six years thereafter was engaged in teaching, in the mean time taking uj) the study of law with the late John F. Hageman,of Princeton, with whom he remained until he was admitted to the bar in June, 1805. Since then he has been in active and successful practice in Somerville. lie became 4J8 Tin.' iii.iriM aND c;lVIL IINKpIV (^V NKW JKUSKY li.; ;a June, 1>TS, and is also a .sijccial master in chancery and , :nc C«»url commissioner. Jiuljje Bartinc has long been a recojjnized leader of the Somerset liar. I' s thirty-two years of active jjractice he has been con nected a 1 with many of the most imjiortant cases in that part of the State, such as the \'an Arsdale murder case„ the Van dcr Veer will case, the Ten Kyck vs. Riiiik walcr-rij^lu case, the County vs. Cory trials, the Dr. Tompkins, and numerous father im|)ortant cases. As an advocate he possesses great power and force; his arguments are clear, concise, and masterful. In April, IHS5, fiovcrnor Abbett appointed him law judge of the county of Somerset, and in IHIiO antl again in 1895 he was reappointed to the same position. His ability and unerring judgment are best illustrated l)y the fact that not one of his decisions has ever been reversed by the higher courts, where a number of the cases tried before him have been taken. This alone is an elofjuent commentary ujion his wisdom, carefulness, and thorough knowledge of the law. He is unswerving in the discharge of duty, fearless and incorrigible in administering full penalties ujjon habitual vice, but merciful when youth or palliating circumstances appear. As a lawyer and jurist he is well known and widely recognized for his ability, learning and great force of character. He has .served as pro.secutor of the pleasof Somerset county, and as counsel for its Hoard of Chosen P'reeholders ; was one of the committee appointed by the tax-payers to investigate the county finances, and was chairman of the Board of Adjustment Commissioners of the city of Rahway during its existence, having been appointed by Judge (now Chief Justice) Magie. He has also been a director of the Somerville Water Company since its organization, and for fifteen years he was a member of the Hoard of Education, a greater part o* which time he was its president, which office he likewise held for several years in the Somerville Board of Com- missioners. He is a member of the First Reformed church. In ])olitics he has always been an active and influential Democrat. In 1868 Princeton College conferred upon Judge Bartine the honorary degree of M. A., and in the same year he married Maggie, daughter of Isaac and Mary Van der Veer, of Rocky Hill, Somerset county, X. J. They have two children: Edwin Van der Veer and Mary Oakley. pKEitEKicK William Ricoro, Newark, son of Dr. Jean Haptiste and Elizabeth (Stryker) Ricord, was born in (luadaloupe, West Indies, CHARLES A. SKILLMAN. I BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 439 October 7, 181'.). His i^randfather, after beini;- despoiled of nearly all his possessions during- the French Revolution, (led in 17l);5 with his young- wife and only son, Jean Baptiste, to America, and settled in Baltimore, Md., where two other sons, Philip and Alexander, were born. They were successively sent to New Jersey to be educated, and here, in the town of Belleville, Jean Baptiste met and married Eliza- beth Stryker, the daughter of a Dutch Reformed clergyman. Both were highly educated. He was a graduate of the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons of New York, a contributor to various scientific and other journals, and the author of "An Improved French Gram- mar" and several treatises on natural history. His wife was the au- thor of " Philosophy of the Mind," " Zaniba, or the Insurrection " (a dramatic poem), and numerous contributions to magazines and jour- nals, and also the founder of the Newark Orphan Asylum in 1848 and its first directress until her death in 1805. Frederick W. Ricord was educated at Hobart and Rutgers Colleges, and read law in Geneva, N. Y., but never practiced. He taught school for twelve years in Newark, N. J., where he was a member of the Board of Education from 1852 to 18G9, serving as president during the last three years. He was State superintendent of public schools from 1860 to 1803, sheriff of Essex county from 1865 to 1877, mayor of the city of Newark from 1870 to 1873, associate judge of the various county courts of Essex county from 1875 to 1879, and is now librarian of the New Jersey Historical Society, at Newark. He received the degree of A. M. from Rutgers in 1845 and from the College of New Jersey at Princeton in 1861. He published a " History of Rome " in 1852; " The Youth's Gram- mar," in 1853; "Life of Madam de Longueville," from the French of Victor Cousin, 1854; "The Henriade," from the French of Voltaire, 1859; "English Songs from Foreign Tongues," 1879; and "The Self- Tormentor," from the Latin of Terentius, and "More English Songs," 1885. The last two volumes contain translations from fourteen differ- ent languages and dialects. He edited several volumes of the New Jersey Archives, has contributed various articles to encyclopedias, and has written scores of historical and biographical sketches for maga- zines and local histories. He has also just completed, in his seventy- eighth year, a metrical translation of "Terence's Phormio," as well as other translations and original poems which remain unpublished. Mr. Ricord is one of the best known writers in the State, and during a long HO THK Jl'niriM. AND ("1\ II, HISToKY nK NKW JKItSKY. .»;,., .M.M...>.i ^.»-v.i ...I- .ichicvfil ail cmliirinjj reputation in Ixiili Iiui.i turc and civil lite. David I), Zarkiskik, Jersey City, is a nicnilM.T i)f the dislinvjuishcd Xal>- Miily of Hcrj^en county, his parents heinjj John C. and Jan- I) / ij. He was born at Paramus, Hergen county, N. J., N" vcmber 27, 1850, and was graduated from Rutgers CoHejjc in 1ST'.' He read law at Columbia Law Scln)ol and with Collins & Corbin, «»f Jersey City, was admitted to practice as an attorney in November, 1882, and as a counselor in June, 1H8II. lie was a member of the New- Jersey Assembly in 1S94 and IHIJ/i, from Hergen county, and counsel for the county of Bergen in IS'.ni. As a lawyer he is widely recogni/id for his sound judgment, integrity, and high legal attainments. l\< resides in Ridgewood, N. J. Mr. Zabriskie was married on Octoljcr 21, iss:j, n» Miss Lizzie S. daughter of Isaac S. and Mary (Runyon) Suydam, of New Brunswick, N J Jamks RoiiKRTSoN, Patcrson, was born in Perth, Scotland, October 2!>, 1805, came to the State f)f New York when eiglit years of age, and for a time worked in the lumber wocxls of Northern New York and Canada to earn money with which to obtain an education. He was graduated from McGill University, Montreal, in 1SS'>, with the degree of B. A., taking first honors in mental and moral jihilosophy. After ward he read law, and in February, IH'.Cl, was admitted to practice in this State as an attorney, and since then has followed his profession in I'aterson, .\. J. In lSOr> and again in lS'.>r, he was elected to the IIousi of the Assembly. I>uring the Legislature of IS'.u; he opposed the elective judiciary bill on the ground that it was unconstitutional and would tend to lower the standard of the Bench and Bar. Francis M. Ticiienor, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., DecembiM *'" '- !'t, is a son of James H. and Lydia T. (Nuttman) Tichenor, and on his paternal grandmother's side from David Hedden, a Revolutionary soldier. His father's ancestors came from Connecticut to Newark in 166(5, when that city was first .settled, while his mothers family moved there from Edinburgh, Scotland, about 1600. Mr. Tiche- nor was educated in the public schools of Newark, read law with David A. Hayes, of that city, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1866, and as a counselor in June, 1869. He has always practiced his profession in Newark, where he was a member BIOGRAPHICAL II KG I ST K\l. Ill of the Board of Education in 18(i8-G!), and of the Hoard of Street and Water Commissioners, and a trustee of the Newark Technical Scliool. He is a member of the New Jersey Historical Society, and one of the proprietors of the Eastern Division of New Jersey, and Fellow of tlie American Geographical {Society. In 1S70 he married Elizabeth l'\, daughter of Dr. John F. Cornell, of New York. Howard Carrow, Camden, son of Edward and Margaret (Hawkins) Carrow, was born May, 18G1, in Camden, Delaware, and came with his parents to New Jersey when very young. His ancestors on l)oth sides were among its earliest settlers, and were active participants in the war of the Revolution. He received a classical education in the schools of Bridgeton and Philadelphia, read law in Camden with Thomas B. Harned, and was admitted in this State as an attorney in June, 1882, and as a counselor in June, 1885, and afterward to the United States District and Circuit Courts and also to the bar of Delaware. He is a special master in chancery and for five years from April 1, 1891, served as judge of the District Court of the city of Camden. In May, 1805, Governor Werts appointed him one of the commissioners to report on proposed amendments to the State constitution. Judge Carrow has practiced his profession in Camden since 1882, and is recognized as one of the ablest lawyers in South Jersey. He has successfully defended no less than seven homicide cases. His practice, however, is of a general character, and extensive, and to it he has given his principal attention. He has never aspired to political oi^ice. December 20, 1886, he was married to Emma C, daughter of Capt. Robert S. Bender, of Camden, N. J. They reside in Mcrchantville, Camden county. James H. Durand, Rahway, is the son of John H. and Catharine S. (Martin) Durand, who died in 1886 and 1890 respectively. His father was for many years a prominent carriage manufacturer in Rahway, N. J., where James H. was born June 26, 1847. His paternal grand- father was Caleb Durand. On his mother's side he is a great-grandson of Isaac Martin, of Woodbridge township, Middlesex county, who.se wife was Catharine Skinner; her father, Richard Skinner, a captain in the 1st Regt., N. J. Militia, in the Revolutionary war, was killed by the Biitish, June 29, 1779, at the Six Roads, near Rahway. The Mar- tins originally came from England to New Hampshire, whence John Martin moved with his family to Piscataway township, Midilkse.x DDU 412 TH^ II l>lri\L AND I'lVlI HiyT(»I;V (•!• NKW JKKSKY \. J. i;:i:i<>n Marlm, s.in "I i>aac .uul llie male i nal ;^rami- Mr. Duraiul, marricil SiisiiniKili IJuiwcll. whose falhcr, RiiUcit Harwell, oi Rahway Neck, Middlesex county, was a private in Capt Asher Kitz Randi»lph's company, of New Jersey militia in the Revo Intion. James H. Durand was educated in the Rahway public schools and under private tutelajje. He read law with Thomas II. Shafer, of Rail- way, was admitted to the har of this State in November, ISflH, and for the past twenty-five years has been associated in jjractice with his le;;al preceptor under the firm name of Shafer «lv: Durand. Duriii); that period he has been connected wiih numerous imp<»rtant cases arisinjj in the firm's large general law business. Mr. Durand has won high rank at the bar of the State, being widely recognized as a lawyer of eminent ability and un(iuestioned integrity. In the Masonic fraternity Mr. Durand has achieved distinction and honor of the highest order. In ISTl he was made a member of La Fayette Lodge No. '^7, V. cV A. M., of Rahway, and in IST5 he was its worshipful master. He was made a Royal Arch Mason in La Fayette Chapter No. '20, of Rahway, in is;2, and served as its high ]>riest from 1H73 to 187»j inclusive. He held various subordinate positions in the Grand Chapter, including graad .scribe, grand king, and deputy grand high priest, and became grand high priest in SeiJlember, IHHO. He is now (18'.»7) chairman of the committee on constitutions oi the (irand Chapter. He is also a member of St. John's Commandery No. '.'. K. T., of Elizabeth, of Kane Council No. 2, R. «.V S. M., of Newark, and all of the Scottish Rite bodies in the Valley of Jer.sey City to and including the thirty-second degree, in most of which he has been pnMuinent and active. In the (irand Lodge of the State of New Jer- sey he served successively as senior grand warden and deputy grand roaster, and in 1893 and again in 1804 was elected most worshipful grand master. His two terms as grand master were characterized as two of the most progressive and prosperous years in the Ma.sonic his- tory of the State, and reflect great credit upon his masterly adminis- tration of the affairs of the (»rder. His annual addresses to the (irand LfKlge not only present clearly and concisely its affairs during the pre- ceding twelvemonth, but are models of literary skill and scholarly thought. On his retirement from that exalted office in January, 1895, the Grand Lodge presented him with a valuable jewel as a token of their esteem and appreciation. He is now a member of the committee BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 443 on appeals and grievances, and is often called upon to address Masonic gatherings throughout the State. Mr. Durand is a speaker of unusual force and power, and an orator of rare attainments. In politics he is a Democrat. Although never an aspirant for public favor, he became, however, at the repeated solici- tation of many political and personal friends, a candidate for the office of mayor of Rahway in 1886, in what proved to be an unsuccessful canvass. He was appointed by Justice William J. Magie one of the commission under the Martin act to adjust taxes and assessments in the city of Rahway, his colleagues being Judge John D. Bartine, of Somerville, and Nathan V. Compton, of Rahway. The work of this commission has accomplished much for that city, and to it and to the wise and intelligent action of the Board of Finance, of which Mr. Durand subsequently became a member by appointment of the mayor, that city is indebted for the restoration of financial credit and for re- newed prosperily. Mr. Durand is president of the National Assured Home Company of New Jersey and a director of the New Jersey Building, Loan and In- vestment Company of Trenton. Since 1880 he has been a ruling elder in the Second Presbyterian church of Rahway and for seventeen years past the superintendent of its Home Sunday School. On June 30, 1892, he married Miss Jessie E., daughter of William E. and Mary (Clark) Blanchard, formerly of Brooklyn, N. Y. They have two children: Elsie B. and James Blanchard. Austin H. Swackhamer, Woodbury, is a son of Ruliff S. and Jane (Loree) vSwackhamer, and was born at Whitehouse, Hunterdon county, N J., October 21, 1855. He was educated at the vState Model and Normal Schools in Trenton, read law witli Hon. James J. Bergen of Soin- erville, and Hon. Caleb S. Titswortb, of Newark, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in November, 1885, and as a coun- selor in November, 1888. He ranks as one of the leading members of the Gloucester county bar, where he has practiced since his admission, having been connected with much of the important litigation in that county as well as the adjoining counties in West Jersey; and he has also practiced with marked success in the higher courts of the State. In politics he is a Democrat, and has held the office of prosecutor of the pleas of Gloucester county for one year, and counsel for the Fioard of Chosen Freeholders three years. 414 Till.- II i.lrt\l \\I) (IVII 1II>T()I;V (.!•■ \'K\V .IKK8EY. I) .(.- inaMiLcl 1 luicncc \ .. Uau^lilcr ut Rev. ffC<»r^<- W. . ' i^cisiown. Mil. li . Wallis, Jersey City ami New York, wa.s born in New York city, November 25, 1842, and was brought by his parents to Jer- * when very yoimjj. His father, A. II. Wallis, was a prominent of the New York bar, president of the First National Hank of Jersey City for many years, a member of the Jersey City Hoard of Aldermen, and twice United States collector of Internal Revenue for the Fifth district of New Jersey. Hamilton Wallis was ;;radiiated from Yale University and the Columbia Law School, and is a member of the bars of New York and New Jersey, being admitted in this State as an attorney in February, 1.S75, and as a counselor in November, 1H7.'<. He is the senior member of the law firm of Wallis, Edwards «S: Humstcd, of Jersey City, and a member of the firm of Wilson iV Wallis. of New York. Lorenzo Dtnv II.\(.a.m.\n, Frcnchtown, is a lineal descendant "i Adrian and Catryna Haj^aman, who came to Flushing, L, I., from Hol- land, in K'lSO. Adrian Hagaman became sherilT of Kings county. Abraham and Maria Haganian, the great-great-grandparents of Lo- renzo I)., moved in 1T;KY. y City Har 4\.s.^w^i.iii«>n, all of Jersey City; a nieiubcr of th« ,\: ..in Club, the I'rinceton Club, and the American Museum o( Natural History of New York; a member of the Washington Associa tion of MorristoNvn ; antl of the Revolutionary Memorial Society; and a member of and om- of iIk- ■'(A-ci'ikh-s (if tlic I, ale Hdii.il I (iii" Clnl) nf New Jersey. June 21, is.^s, Jiid^c Ikdlc was uiarricd to Miss I'anny Read ICj^c. tlaujjhter (»f Horatio N. K<;e, of Jersey City, the head of the commis sion house of Ege & Otis, of New York. They have one daughter. Josephine I). Bedle. Martin Wyckokk, Asbury, was born of Holland ancestry, near White Hou'jc, N. J., October IS, ls:U. was ;^radnatcd from Rutjjers Colkjje with honors in 1855. read law with Alexander Wurts, of Fleminj^ton. and was admitted as an attorney in February, ISOO, and as a counselor in February, 18(»7. When the war broke out he assisted in raising; a company of the 3d N. J. Vols., and bcame lieutenant. He returned home in 1S02 and bcj^an practice in Asbury, Warren county. That fall he enlisted as adjutant in the IHst Regt., and later was attached to the staff of General Paul, with the rank of captain. He has acheived prom incnce as a real estate lawyer. He married, in ISO'.*, a daughter of Hugh Capner, of Flemington, who died in January, lH7r,. Chari.es p. Stratton, Camden, born in Hridgeton, X. J., June IS. 1828, was a son of Nathan L. and Hannah (Buck) Stratton, received an academic education at Perth Atnboy, and was graduated from Prince- ton College in 1S4H. He read law with L. (J. C. Klmer, of Hridgeton, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1852, and as a counselor in 1855. In 1853 he settled in Camden. He was a successful lawyer, was long register in bankruptcy, and in ISTti was appointed law jutlge of Camden county. In 185G he married Clara Cooper, of Trentf>n. Gkorge a. Ai. I.F.N, Flemington, son of William, was born in West- l>ort. Conn., of Revolutionary ancestors, and i)rei)ared for college at 'iicens Farms Academy. He read law with James N. Reading, of Flemington, was admitted as an attorney in 1S44. and soon became a prominent advocate. In 1801 he enlisted in the 3d N. J, Vols., and became captain. He resumed practice and achieved eminent success as a chancery lawyer. He was one oi the organizers and the presi- dent of the Hunterdon County Hank, and in 1H50 was one of the pro prictary founders of the Hunterdiui Republican. He died December BlUGKArmCAL IIEUI8TEK. 447 30, 1878. In 1850 he married Mary, danoluer of Charles IJonnell, of Fleminotoii. His eldest son, William D. Allen, was admitted to the bar in 1875. John H. Stewart, Trenton, born in Warren eounty in 1844, was graduated from Union College in 1803, read law with the late A. G. Richey, of Trenton, and was admitted as an attorney in November, ]8(i7, and as a counselor in November, 1870. He began practice in Belvidere, but soon moved to Trenton, and died there March 8, 1890. He was appointed judge of the Mercer County Courts in 1870, by Governor McClellan, and was twice reappointed by Governor Abbett. In 1877 he became chancery reporter under Chancellor Runyon and finished eight volumes. He also made a digest of the New Jersey re- ports in 1876, and later a supplement. His work was thoroughly well done, and his reputation as a reporter reached far beyond this State. His notes on New Jersey cases were sought for by the leading law magazines of the country, and may be found especially in the Albany and the Central Law Journals. >. Philemon Dickerson, Paterson, born aboat 1790, was a son of Jon- athan and a brother of Mahlon Dickerson, and read law in Philadelphia and was admitted to the bar there. He was admitted in New Jersey as an attorney in 1813 and as a counselor in 1817, and was called to the rank of sergeant at-law in 1834. In 1833 he was elected to the Assem- bly from old Essex county, and in 1836 was elected by the Legislatiire as governor and served one 5-ear. In 1839 he was elected to Congress, but by political manipulation of the returns was c(,)unted out. In 1841 he was appointed judge of the U. S. District Court, and served till his death in 1862. Egbert H. Grandin, Trenton, admitted in October, 1847, practiced for several years in Trenton, and served as prosecutor of the pleas of Mercer county. When the war broke out he went to Euroi)e for fam- ily reasons. Andrew Dutcher, Trenton, was admitted to the bar in July, 1851, served in the New Jersey Assembly, and was law reporter from 1855 to 1862. He issued five volumes of Dutcher's Reports. Philemon Dickinson, Trenton, son of Samuel and grandson of Gen- eral Philemon Dickinson, who commanded the New Jersey militia dur- ing the Revolutionary war, was born February 10, 1804, in Trenton, HM '!"' It I, I. MSI \ \I. Civil, IIISTnKV (.1- NKWJKKSKY. . i law wiiii Ciact Jui>licc ICwinj^ and (Iciicral Wall, ami was admitted :a !>.!•». He hcjjan practice in Trenton, but soon abandoned the law and was president of the Trenton Banking' Company from 1832 lo IHSI. He died September 2, 1882. RoiiKKT Van Arsdai.k, Newark, son ot I'^iias \ an Arsdalc, sr., was born in Newark in ISOT, was j^radualed from Princeton in IS'^MJ, and was admitted in November, 182'.». lie jiracticed for several years in Newark, but later traveled nuieh in ICuropc. He died in New York city December 24, 1873. Fredkrkk Kingman, Trenton, came from I'"ast Hridj^ewaler, Mass . t«) Rahway, N. J., read law with James Wilson, and was his assistant in the clerk's office of the Supreme Court. He was admitted in Janu- ary, 1847, was an active Republican, and died in ISSl. Thomas G. Lv i i.e, Princeton, son of William, was born at Ten Mile Rtui, Mercer county, read law with James Cireen, and was admitted in November, 1852. He practiced law in Princeton till 1878, win n Ik- came to Trenton, and a year later was drowned in the canal. CiiARi.KS R. Waugm, Newark, born in Morris county in November. 1823, «)f Scotch descent, read law with Aaron O. Boylan and Lewis C. (irover, of Newark, and was admitted in 1S4S. He practiced in New- ark with j^reat success till 185I>, when he became president judjje ot the l'2sse.\ Common Pleas, which position he llllcd for five years. In jsi;;} he was the Republican candidate for Stale senat(jr. In 18t;4 la- was elected clerk of Essex county and served till his death, Aujjust '.iO, 1807. Oi.ivKk Hai-iki>, Jr., Newark, son of Chancellor O. S. Halstcd, was born in Elizabeth, N J , in 1818, was j^raduated from Princeton Collejje in 1838, and read law with his father. He was admitted in 1H41, and acquired a hi;.(h reputation as a fearless and elocjucnt si)eaker. In 1S41> he went to California, but returned in 1850. From 18«I1 tn 1^'."> he practiced in Washinj;ton, I). C. He died in Newark July 2. i.^;l Elias Van Arsualk, Jk , Newark, l)orn m Newark in ISOl, was graduated frr)m Princeton College in 181U, read law with his father, and was admitted in 1822. He was clerk of Essex county from 1827 to 18.39. In 1846 he succeeded his father as ])resuicnt of the State Bank of Newark, which position he held till his death January 27, 1854. He BIOGRAPHICAL RKGISTER. 449 was eminently successful as a lawyer, and was widely known and respected. Edward T. Hillyek, Newark, scjn of Rev. Asa Hillyer, D.D., was born in Orange, N. J., August 18, 1811, was educated at Williams College, and was admitted in 183G. He practiced in his native county and gained an excellent reputation. In 1853 be was appointed by President Pierce as collector of customs of the Port of Newark, and held that position eight years. He continued in practice in Newark till 1878, when he moved to Illinois, and died there in 1882. Emil Schniffner, Newark, born in Saxony about 1815, was educated and practiced law there, and was also a judge. In 1848 he became involved in the Dresden Revolution and was compelled to flee the country. He came to America and settled in Newark, and read law with John Whitehead. He was admitted in 1855, and ])racticed in Newark till his death July 22, 1878. He was an ardent Abolitionist, a strong Republican, and a man of refined taste and culture. Aaron O. Boylan, Newark, born in Bernardsville, Somerset county, N. J., in 1773, was a son of James Boylan, M. D. He read law with Governor Aaron Ogden at Elizabeth, was admitted in 1797, and prac- ticed in Somerset count}' till 1830, when he came to Newark, where he died December 2, 1858. He was the father of Aaron O., David K., and James H. Boylan, all lawyers of Newark. Thomas D. James, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., March 17, 1806, was graduated from Princeton College in 182G, read law with Elias Van Arsdale, sr. , and was admitted in November, 1829. He practiced in Newark till 1840, when he removed to Albany, N. Y. He died at Nassau, N. Y., December 2, 1883. Jacob Van Arsdale, Newark, son of Elias, sr., was born in Newark, N. J., about 1817, was graduated from Princeton College in 1835, and was admitted to the bar in 1838. He practiced in Newark till his death. He was clerk in chancery, a member of the Newark Common Council in 1851 and 1852, prosecutor of the pleas of Essex county from 1852 to 1857, and a member of the Newark Aqueduct Board, He was an able and prominent lawyer. Archer G. Miller, Newark, son of William W. Miller, born in Mor- ristown, N. J., January 28, 1819, was graduated from Dickinson Col- lege in 1842, read law with his uncle. Archer Gifford, and was admitted i'.n THK .M'DK'fAJ. AND »'I\ II. illSTdliV i»K NKW JKKSKY. Ill i^i. lu j'l.ii iiv <.v. iu Newark until his tlealli. January IS, isTl.anil attained hi^h rank in the profession. Timothy P. Rannky, Newark, born in (Iranville, Mass., in 182I», was graduated from Amherst Collej.,'C in IS.")!, read law in Newark, N. J.. and was admitted in 1854. He practiced thereuntil his death, April 24, 1874, bcinjj for a time a partner of Hon. Joseph P. Bradley. Ik- was a cultivated and an esteemed j^entleman, and a lawyer of marked ability. Wii.i.iAM (iKiFniH. Hurlinj^ton, born in \',*U'> in Hound Brook, N. J., was a son of l>r. John (Irirtith. and read law wiili Hon. IClisha Boudi- not, of Newark, where, with several other students, he founded the *' Institutio Lej^alis," a species 0 was appointed clerk of the U. S. Supreme Court. In 1790 he published a treatise on the Jurisdiction and Proceedings of Justices of the Peace, and also a series of essays showing defects in the State Constitution. In 1820 he began the publication of the "Annual Register of the United States." He died June 7, 1820. John Fkki.ingmuvsen Hagkman, Princeton, son of Dr. Abraham 1' and Anne (Van der Veer) Hageman, of Holland descent, was born in Harlingen, Somerset county, N. J., February 4, ISIO, was graduated from Rutgers College in 1830, and read law with Richartl S. Field, of Princeton, and Gov. Peter I). Vroom, of Somerville. He was admit- ted as an attorney in November, \H'.]'.), and as a coun.selor in February, 1843, and successfully practiced in Princeton till his death, Mav Ml, 1892. He was a prominent trial lawyer. In 1850 he was elected as a Whig to the Legislature, and in 1 >•»..' was appointed pro.secutor of the pleas of Mercer county by Governor Olden. He was editor and owner of the Princeton Standard for eight years, became prominent as a lecturer and writer, was a member of the New Jersey Historical Society, and wrote and published in 1879 a "History of Princeton and its Institutions," in two volumes. He '^ y^ i£<ky CiiU.ioN K .\ilcnl"\vn ami I'lcclii'iu, sun <>i Au;;usms and I^iicy (Savid- 'ins, wxs Ixtrn in Allcntown, Monmouth county, I)occml>er 31, 1842, learned the mason's trade, read law with Judge K. W. ■^ ii Trc-nton, and was admitted as an attorney in IHOJi and as a r in IHOO. He practiced in AUenlown till March, ls7t», when he was appointed president judj^e of the Court of Common IMeas of Monmouth county, to succeed Judj^c CJeorj^e C. lieekman, rcsij^ncd, and served two years. He then settled in I'Veehold and resumed the practice of the law. and died there May 24, 1885. Alexander Wurts, Flemington, born in 179'.) in Flander.s, Morris c<»untv, was the youngest son of John Wurts. an iron manufacturer, and was graduated from Princeton in 1815. He read law in Philadel- phia and in Flemington, X. J., and was admitted as an attorney in 1820. He was a member of assembly in 1825, and from 1828 to 1832 inclusive, and during the last three years was speaker of the House. In 1S33 he was elected a member of the Legislative Council, and in 1838 was the Democratic candidate for Congress. He was a member, vice-president, and finally president of the Constitutional Convention of 1844, and the same year was elected State senator from Hunterdon county. In 1853 he was appointed by (Governor Fort and confirmed by the Senate as chief justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, but declined the honor. In 18G5 he was elected State senator and for sev eral years after 1859 was president of the Hoard of Managers of the State Lunatic Asylum. He died February IG, 1881. Rensski.akr W. Davkjn, Matawan, son of Dr. Alfred B. and Eliza- beth R. (Van der Veer) Dayton, was born in Matawan, N. J., January !», 1843, was graduated from Princeton College in 1863, read law with Henry S. Little, of Matawan, and was admitted as an attorney No- vember 8, 1860. He practiced with Mr. Little till 1871. and in Decem- ber, 1874, formed a i)artnership with Marcus B. Taylor. (jKorge Crawkoki) Bekk.man, Freehold, born in Middletown, N. J.. July 2. 1839, is the second son of Rev. Jacob Ten Broeck Beekmaii and Anna Crawford, and the seventh in descent from William Beekman, of Hassett, Overyssel, Holland, who was sent to America as agent of the Dutch West India Company in 1047. Mr. Beekman was graduated from Princeton College in 185.) as A. B. and received the degree of A M. in course. He read law with (Governor Joel Parker at Freehold, became an attorney in June, 1863, and a counselor in June, 1800, and BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 45:i has practiced in Freehold. In 1809 he was appointed law judge of the Court of Common Pleas for a full term, but resigned after three years. Not one of his decisions was reversed. He has long been an active Democrat, and often a delegate to various local, State and National Conventions. Bartlett C. Frost, Phillipsburg, son of Oliver P. Frost, was born in Leeds, Me., March 17, ]s;)3, finished his education at the Maine Wesleyan University, and came to New Jersey in 1854. He read law at the Albany (N, Y.) Law School and with Peckham & Tremain, of that city, and was admitted to the New York bar in 1850. Returning to New Jersey he was admitted here as an attorney in November, 1859, and as a counselor in November, 1864. In 1874 he married Mary L. Stockton, of Easton, Pa. Garnett B. Adrain, New Brunswick, son of Prof. Robert Adrain, of Rutgers College, and Annie Pollock, his wife, both natives of Bel- fast, Ireland, who came to America about 1800, was born in New York city, December 20, 1815, was graduated from Rutgers College in 1833, read law with his brother Robert in New Brunswick, and was admitted as an attorney in 1836 and as a counselor in 1839. He was elected to Congress by the Democrats in 1856 and re-elected in 1858, and made many noteworthy and effective speeches. He died August 17, 1878. He married January 3, 1838, Mary, daughter of Joseph C. Griggs, of New Brunswick. Augustus F. Sanderson, Lebanon, son of Ira and Asenath (Hatch) Sanderson, and a descendant of Edward and Robert Sanderson, who settled in Watertown, Mass., about 1630, was born in Littleton, Mass., February 15, 1832, was educated at Appleton's Seminary in Mount Vernon, N. H., and came to New Jersey in 1854. He read law with M. D, Trefren, was admitted as an attorney in 1858 and as a counselor in 1863, and practiced in Lebanon, N. J. He became prominent both at the bar and in educational matters. In 1870 and 1871 he was elected to the Assembly as a Democrat. In 1856 he married Mary A. Groen- dyke, of Lebanon. Joseph Vliet, Washington, son of Daniel and grandson of Garrett Vliet, major-general of New Jersey militia, was born in Franklin town- ship, Warren county, N. J., and in 1845 entered the law office of the late Augustus G. Richev, of Trenton. He was admitted as an attor 4,1 TIIK JI'DKMAI, AND CIVIL IIISToUY OK NKW JKR8KY ncy January 3, 1S50, and as a counselor in IS.").'!, and in the latter yeai was appointed prosecut«>r of the pleas of Warren county by Governor Price. He was reappointed by Governor Randolph in 1805, by Gover- nor Parker in 1S70, and by Governor Hcdle in IftT.'i, and in February, 1877, became law judj^^e of Warren county. He was the first mayor of the boroujjh of Washinjifton and served three years. He was a promi- nent Democrat, and an able lawyer and i)rosecutor. He married, first, Miss Crevley, of Iilo»»insburg, N. J., who died in 1H7'^. In 1S74 he married Martha Voorhees Losey. of Pittsburj,', Pa. He died January 7, 187U. Silas Wkiuii I Uewht, Piiillipshur^^ born in Warren county, N. J., in 1840, was jjradualeil from Lafayette College in 18, read law with Armstrong & Lynn, of Williamsi^ort. Pa., J. V. huniont, of Phillips burg, N. J., and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1S71, and to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in Novenilx-r, ISTIJ, and as a counselor in November, 1H80. He is also a special master in chancery. In 187G he was elected a member of assembly. KnwAKi) R. Riii.ot K, Flemington, son of Isaac and Sarah (Burton) Bullock, was born of (Juaker stock in Bucks county. Pa., October 1, 1818, learned the marble cutter's trade in Trenton, X. J., and in 18*»3 began the study of law with Hon. A. O. Van Fleet, at Flemington, where, on his admission as an attorney in ISoT, he settled. In ISOH he was a]>pointed by Governor Ward prosecutor of the pleas of Hunterdon county, but resigned after about four years. In 1807 he was admitted to the U. S. District Court, and in 1870 was appointed U. S. commis- sioner. He married, in 1844, Janet, daughter of James Pollock, of Easton. Pa. His eldest son. Captain James I. I'ullock, of the ir)th N. J.. Vols., died in the Civil war. His second and only surviving son is John A. Bullock, of the Flemington bar. IsAiAii N. DiLTs, Somerville, son of Daniel, was born at Schooley's Mountain, N. J., August 3, \H'H, was graduated with the highest hon- ors from Lafayette College in 1844, read law with Senator Jacob W. Miller and Chief Justice Whelpley, then partners, at Morristown, and became an attorney in 1847 and a coun.seior in 18.50. He began i)rac- Itcc in Morristown. but in 1853 removed to Somerville and ac(|uired a large general law business. He was also a prominent Republican. April 23, 1850, he married Ellen, youngest daughter of Judge Van dc Veer. She died in 1875. His death occurred May 28, 1878. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 455 EowARi) T. Grken, Trenton, son of George S. Green, and a nephew of Chief Justice Henry W., Judge Caleb S., and John C. Green, was born in TrentOn in 1837 and died there October 10, 189G. He was graduated from Princeton in 1854, taught school one year in Virginia, and was graduated from Harvard Law School in 1858. He was ad- mitted as an attorney in November, 1858, and as a counselor in 18(;i, and practiced his profession in Trenton. His career as a lawyer was a brilliant one. He possessed marked ability and became a leader of the Mercer county bar. He was counsel for the Amboy Railroad Com- pany, and later general counsel for New Jersey for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for twenty years. In 1889 he was appointed by President Harrison judge of the U. S. District Court for New Jersey, and held that office till his death. He succeeded the late Hon. John T. Nixon. John Paterson Bryan Maxwell, Belvidere, born in Flemington, N. J., September 3, 1804, was a son of Hon. George C Maxwell, representative in Congress from New Jersey, and a descendant of An- thony Maxwell, who came from Ireland and settled in Hunterdon county. His grandfather, John Maxwell, son of Anthony, served in the Revolutionary war. Mr. Maxwell was graduated from Nassau Hall in 1823, read law with Joseph C. Hornblower, and became an attorne}^ in May, 1827, and a counselor in May, 1830, when he settled in Belvidere. He died there November 14, 1845. He became promi- nent in politics, edited and owned the Belvidere Apollo, and in 1838 was the Whig candidate for Congress, but suffered defeat from the famous "broad seal controversy." In 1840 he was elected to Con- gress, and in 1842 was elected a trustee of the College of New Jersey. September 11, 1834, he married vSarah Browne, of Philadelphia, who died five weeks later — October 17. Horace N. Congar, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., July 31, 1817, read law with Cornelius Boice, of Plainfield, and Lewis C. Grover, of Newark, and was admitted in 1847. He was an active politician and Abolitionist, one of the founders of the Free Soil party, and wrote much on political and other subjects. In 1850 he became editor of the Newark Daily Mercury, which from 1850 to 1860 was the leading anti- slavery paper in the State. In 1861 he was appointed U. S. consul to Hong Kong and served till 1865, when he resigned and was appointed U. S. commissioner of emigration at Washington, where he was twice 1... iiiK .iri»i' ■'• \Ni) ("i\ii, iiisi(»i:y of nkw jkkskv. c«»minissi«»nctl as>i.>>iaiii .sccrclary «>!' slate- diMin;^ llie illntss of Sc-crc lary Seward. In ISGO he was appointed l)y (ioveinor Ward secretary of State for New Jersey, and served till 1870. when he rcsij^ned. He then became vice-president of the Mutual Henefit Life Insurance Com- pany of Newark, but resi^Mied that oflice in 1ST:{. Later he was ap- pointed by President Grant consul to Pra^aie, liohemia, and spent twr) years there, returninj; in the fall of IHT.'i. After that he was adjuster for the Mutual Benefit I^ifc Insurance Company. Jamfs McNiel Trim hi. k, Newark, is descended on his father^; side from Irish (Juakers and Revolutionary ancestors, and on his mother's from Scotch Irish stock. His parents were Henry W. Trimble and Mary J. McNiel, his wife. His father's maternal grandfatcr, Phineas Inhnson, served seven years in the Revolution from Connecticut. Mr. Trimble was born in Newark, N. J., November 22, 1847, attend- einlfcl proscculor April :5. ls9(>. ami reappointed April .\, lH'.».'i January 'i'i, IS'.r^. he inarricil ICli/.a Kscuk'ne, dau^hler of V. Tallmaii ami Sarah Eliza Burtis, of Pluunix, Arizona. AucusTUS IIoi.DKN Ukukv, Patcrson. born in December, 1K47, in N'tw York city, is a son of Mt)ses and Eliza M. Drnry, and read law with Sanfor I & Wo)drnfT, of New York, lie was jrraduated from the law department of the University of the City of New York in 187(i. and was admitted to the New York bar in A])ril, 1870. Me came to I'alerson soon afterward, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in June, 18T0, and as a counselor in November, 1874. Augustus A. Rich, Hoboken, born in Hrooklyn, N. Y., December 28, IS/il, was admitted to the New York bar in 187:{ and to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in November, 1H74. and as a counselor in February. 1878. He began practice in Hudson county about 187«i. In 1882 he was elected to the New Jersey Assembly and served two terms. John K. Ei.mkndoki , New l>runs\vick. only son of John C. and Maria Louise (Frelinghuysen) Elmendorf, was born in New Brunswick, Au gust 3, 1858, and was graduated from Rutgers College in 1878; he was admitted to the bar February 1, 1882, then read law with George C Frelinghuysen, of New York city, and was admitted to the New York bar in 1880; he is assistant treasurer of Rutgers College. He married, August, 1887, Helen A., daughter of Lionial I), and Mary E. Decker. John C. Ei.MKNDOkK, New Brunswick, son of William C. Elmendorf, was graduated from Rutgers College in 18:M, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. He practiced in New Pirunswick till his death, July 18, 1889; he was fifteen years prosecutor of the i)leas of Middlesex county, and ten years register in bankrujjtcy. He was an active Republican, a deacon and elder in the Reformed church, and for thirty-three years was treasurer of Rutgers College. His wife died February »■>, 181)0. William H. Vrfdknburgh, Freehold, son of Hon. Peter and Eleanor (Brinkerhoff) Vredenburgh, great grand.son of Peter, jr., for forty-two years county treasurer of Monmouth county, and a grandson of Dr. Peter, a physician of the county of Somerset, was born in Freehold, N, J., Augu.st 19, 1840, and was graduated from Rutgers College in 1869. He read law with Joseph D. Bedle, sr., and was admitted as attorney in June, 18G2, and as a counselor in June, 18i;5. In 1894 he was elected president of the First National Bank of Freehold. BIOGRAPniCAL REGISTER. 459 Edward Payson Conkling, Fleminj^-ton, born in Roonton, N. ]., August, 10, 1847, is a son of Rev. Cornelius vS. and Clarissa C. (Mow- bray) Conkling, and a grandson of Thomas Wheeler Conkling, for many years principal of the public schools of New York city. He was graduated from Lafayette College in 18G9, read law with George A. Allen, of Flemington, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1871, and as a counselor in November, 1870. In 1S7'^ he married N. Jennie, daughter of John Kee, of Flemington. John Vred Voorhees, Somerville, was born Augusts, 181!», in vSom- erville, N. J., was graduated from Rutgers College in 1840, read law with Judge Brown, of Somerville, and was admitted as an attorney in May, 1844, and as a counselor in April, 1848. In 1802 he enlisted as first lieutenant and quartermaster in the 30th N. J. Vols, and served till ill health forced him to resign. In 1872 he was appointed prose- cutor of the pleas of Somerset county and served five years. Edgar Shivers, Swedesboro, son of Charles P. and Mary M. Shivers, was born in Swedesboro, N. J., June 27, 1859, read law with Judge Richard T. Miller, of Camden, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1881. Frank M. McDermit, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., September 2, 18G1; was educated at vSt. Benedict's College in that city; elected to serve three terms in the Legislature in the years 1887-8-9; during 1888 was the Democratic leader in the House of Assembly. After leaving college at the age of thirteen he entered the law office of Runyon & Leonard; he was admitted as an attorney in November, 1882, and as a counselor in November, 1885. He owned the Sunday vStandard at one time, and was later a part owner of the Newark Morning Times and the Sunday Times-Standard. He is a son of William McDermit, an old resident of Newark, who for thirty years was a constable attached to the court house. Benjamin B. Ogden, Keyport, son of Rufus and wSusan (Burdge) Og- den, was born in Keyport, N. J., January ;)0, 1850, read law with Judge Walling, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1879, and as a counselor in February, 1882. He is a director and was one of the or- ganizers of the People's National Bank of Keyport in 1889, and has also been a member of the Keyport Board of Commissioners. Novem- ber 10, 1880, he married Annie II., daughter of Elijah S. and Mary A. Walling, of New Monmouth, N. J. i>A) TIIK J['1)I(IAL AND CI VI I. IIISTOF^Y oF NKW JKHSKY. Ei.iAS I). WooKkUKK, one of tlic tirsl lawyers in Woodbury, was a s«jn of Klias Wootlrurt', and was born in IClizabellitown. N. J., about 17»i/>. lie was ft)r many years deputy attorney-jjeneral of the State, and died in Wooi lion. J.uncs Matlock, a niemlKT of Conj^ress from New Jersey, and IClizabeth Kennedy, his wife, was born in Woodbury January 22, 1K()4, and died there April 27. 18TT. He read law with Charles Chauncey, of Philadelphia, and was ailmitted as an attorney November 15, 1827, and as a eounselor September 6, 1833. He practiced in Woodljury with eminent success until his death. RK.iitEN Artim K Hki.i.jk, XcwaTK, w-iiii in Newark, N. J., March l'.», 1873, son of Elias G. ; educated at the Newark Academy and under private tutors; jjraduated from Columbia Law School in 181»4; read law with Coult & Howell, and was admitted in February, 180.5. Thomas M. Kays, Newton, son of Henry B., was born in Lafayette, Sussex county, N. J., read law with his uncle, Hon. Thomas Kays, in Newton, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1S73. Ui.YssK.s Cj. SikYoN, Camden, born at Cajic Hatleras, N. C, hcplcm- ber 3, 18G3, came to Camden in 1S73 and read law with K. A. Arm- strong. He was admitted as an attorney in I-Y-bruary, 1885, and as a counselor in February, 1888. Wii.i.iA.M P. Fowl. IK, Camden, born in Pliiladeljihia, OcIodcm ;, l.^.*', , was educated at the South Jersey Institute at lirid^eton, and read law with David J. Pancoast and Marmaduke H. Taylor, of Camden. 11 was admitted as an attorney November 0, 1S84. RoiiKRT C. IIi:t(:hins«)N, Camden, born in Yardvillc, Mercer county, December 14, 1859, was educated at the Lawrcnceville Hij^h School, Harvard Collej^c, and Harvard Law School, read law with Aldeii C Scovcl, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1KS3. Charles I. Woostkr, Camden, born in Ilammonton, N. J., March 25, 184G, served as deputy county clerk and under sheriff of Camden county, read law with Herjjen iS: Heryen, «if Camden, and was admit- ted as an attorney in June, isHl. Timothy J. Midolkton, Camden. Ix.rn October l/i, 1855, read law with Thomas B. Harned, of Camden, and became an attorney in June. BIOGRAPHICAL REGLsTER. 461 1878, and a counselor in June, 1881. For several years he was solicitor for the Camden Board of Education, and has also served as a free- holder and as clerk and solicitor of the board. John K. R. Hewijt, Camden, born in Camden, N. J., January -iO, 1855, was admitted as an attorney in June, 1870, and as a counselor in February, 1880. In 1878 he was selected solicitor of Gloucestor City. He was clerk and solicitor of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Cam- den county m 1880 and 1881. John H. Fort, Camden, born on Staten Island, January 10, 1851, was educated at the Lawrenceville Academy, and at Pennington, N. J., and read law with Marmaduke B. Taylor, of Camden. He was ad- mitted as an attorney in June, 1873, and as a counselor in November, 1881. He has devoted much of his time to editorial work. Nehemiah Perrv, Jr., born in Newark, N. J., in 18-11, was graduated from Princeton in 1861, read law at Cambridge Law School, and was admitted in 1804. He practiced in Newark till his death, March 5, 1875, at which time he was cit}' counsel. Alpheus Gustin, Augusta, born in Augusta, Frankford township, Sussex county, practiced law there from 1820 till his death June 13, 1802. He was prosecutor of the pleas of Sussex county from 1830 to 1835. James Giles Hampton, Bridgeton, born in Bridgeton, N. J., 1814, was a son of Dr. Isaac H. and Fanny (Giles) Hampton. He was grad- uated from Princeton in 1835, read law with Gov. Elias P. Seeley, and was admit! ed in May, 1839. He was in Congress from 1845 to 1S40, and died September 22, 1801. Jeremiah H. Sloan, Camden, who was admitted in 1821, was dis- tinguished as one of the most biilliant lawyers in West Jersey. He was a leader of the nisi priiis bar, and died in Mount Holly. Abraham Brown, Mount Holly, born in Burlington county about 1780, was educated at Burgess Allison's Classical School in Borden- town, was admitted to the bar in 1802, and settled in Mount Holly, where he resided until his death. For seventeen )'ears he was surro- gate of Burlington county. He became a counselor in vSeptember, 181 1. Joseph T. Sickler, Mantua, son of I)r. John R. Sicklcr (for about twenty years a judge of the Court of Common IMcas of (iloucester 4,-,j THK IfDIciAl AND ClVil, IlISTOiiY < iK NKW .IKKSKV. w a nu iiinir ot ilic State Constitutional Convention of 1840). V, m Mantua. N. J., read law with K. M. Ware, of Mullica Hill. and was admitted as an attorney in June, is? I, and as a counselor in June, 1878. AiFXAN'nF.R (ik w, Cannlen, horn in Wilkesharre, l*a., I'cbruary .'). 1834, enjjajjed in business pursuits till about IR70, when he took u]> tin- study of law with (i. Lytel, of Princeton, and was admitted as an attor- ney in February, 1875, and as a counselor in November, 1880. He practiced in Mercer county till 1880, when he moved to Camden, George F. Fort, Camden, born at Absecom, Atlantic county, No- vember 20, 1843, finished his cdueali(jn at the University of Heidelberg; in Germany, and read law with Abraham Browninj,^, of Camden lie became an attorney in November, iSdC. He is well known as the au- thor «»f "Fort's Mediaeval Builders," "Early History and Anti(|uities of Masonry," " Medical Economy Durinj; the Middle A^es," etc. Fkanki IN Davkm'OR T is .said to have been the first lawyer in Wood- bury, lie was an otlicer in tlie Rcvolutiimary war, was the first sur- rojjate of old Gloucester county, being sworn into otlice February 1.0, 1TS5. He was U. S. senator in 1708 and 17lt'J and also .served two years in Congress. Jamks Moork, Woodbury, son of Rev. William Moore, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., December 10, 1832, came to Woodbury, N. J., in 185I», and died there vSeptember 17, 1880. He read law with Robert K. Matlock, and became an attorney in June, 1871. He was engro.ss- ing clerk in the New Jersey vSenate in 18t;i), 1871, and 1872, clerk and counsel of the Board of Ch(jscn Freeholders of Gloucester county, and city attorney of Woodbury Philip S. Scovei., Camden, Ijorn in Stockport, N. Y., March 7, 183:5, was educated in the Bordentown High School (his brother. Rev. Al- den Scovel, being the principal), and read law with Garrit S. Cannon. He was admitted as an attorney in February, 18.57, and as a coun- selor in February, 1883. He practiced in Burlington till 1874, when he came to Camden and f«)rmcd a partnershij) with his brother, Aldcn ('. S.f,v.-1. Marm\I)i;kk B. Taylor, Camden, was born in Philadelphia, August 17, 1835, but lived mainly in Camden from the age of four. He was the second son of Dr. (Jthniel II. Tavlor, and was educated at Km BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 463 g-ers College, which subsequently gave him the degree of A. M. He read law with Col. William N. Jeffers and James B. Dayton, of Cam- den, was graduated from the State and National Law School at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1855, as LL. B., and came to the New Jer- sey bar as an attorney in November, ISSO. He thereafter ]:)racticed with eminent success in Camden, and was alscj conspicuous in Masonry. In 1871 he married a daughter of Dr. Joseph Crain, of Cumberland county, Pa. Richard S. Ridgway, Camden, born in Camden, N. J., August 7, 1859, read law with Alfred Hugg, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1883. Charles T. Reed, Camden, born in Trenton in 184:3, was educated at the Trenton Academy, High School, and Model School, and was graduated from Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn. He read law with Thomas P. Carpenter, of Camden, and was admitted as an attorney in 1865 and as a counselor in 1868. He practiced law till 1882, when he was appointed by Governor Ludlow as president judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Camden county, which office he held till his death February 7, 1885. John J. Crandall, Camden, born in Tioga county, N. Y., Novem- ber 8, 1836, read law with Thomas Farrington, of Owego, N. Y., and was principal of the Troy Academy for a time. He was admitted to the bar in Michigan in 1850 and practiced there till 1870, when he came to New Jersey, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1881, and as a counselor in February, 1884. Henry S. Scovel, Camden, born in Camden, N. J., February 25, 1858, was educated at the Hyatt Military Academy at Chester, Pa., and came to the New Jersey bar as an attorney February 26, 1871), and as a counselor in June, 1884. James M. Scovel, Camden, son of Dr. Sylvester F. and Hannah (Matlack) Scovel, was born in Harrison, O., January 16, 1833. His maternal grandfather, James Matlack, was a member of Congress from the First New Jersey district. Mr. Scovell was graduated from Han- over College in Indiana at the age of seventeen, and when nineteen came to Camden and read law with Abraham Browning. He was ad- mitted as an attorney in November, 1856. He has devoted much of his leisure to literary work. During the |.,l TUK jriMClAl- AND ('l\ II, lllSToIlY OK NKW JKIiSKV. war he w.'ts appoiiUcil cninmissi«>ner of llic draft for tlic I'irsl Con j^rcssiunal district, was commissioned colonel, raised a company in oiu dav. and took it to Harrison, Pa. Soon after he was elected Stal* '.or, heinj; the lirsi Republican elected in Camden county to thai wii.vc. He was a si)ecial ajjent (jf the Treasury Department und«r President Arthur. In 185(1 he married Mary, daughter of Dr. Isaa* vS. Mulf»)rd, of Camden. Jamks S. Mil. IKK, Camden, born in Cape May City, N. J., was edu- cated in the West Jersey Academy at Rridj^eton, read law with his brother, Hcjn. Richard T. Miller, of Camden, ami was admitted as an attorney in June, 1870, and as a counselor in February, 1SS;{. He has served as ])rosecutor of the pleas (jf Cape May c(.iniit^r(i id iiir HiixU-r f.tmilv nf Sussex county, wlu) were als«> pioininciu in jiulilic affairs. leffery's career has been a busy one from boyhood uj). His ' il when he was an infant and liis mr»ther when he was eleven \ ., and consetjucntly lie was thrown upon his own resources at an unusually early ajje. After obtaining a common .school education he became a clerk in the store of Robert lilair (a brother of Hon. John I. Blair), of J«)hnsonbiirj.j, N. J., with whom he remaineil eight years. During his leisure hours he read law, bcin;.^ registered as a student with the late David Thomjjson, esq., of Newt a special master in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner. Mr. Jeffery has been in active and successful practice in Washington, Warren county, since January, IS*;,'), and for many years has held a high place at the bar of North Jersey. He is widely recognized as an able and painstaking lawyer and a man of good judgment, of strict in- tegrity and of rare legal attainments. He is the author of Jeffery's Law Precedents, a volume of nearly 1,000 pages publisheecame desponding and fearful he never lost courage. He was fore- most in counsel, in action, in moulding and shaping the policy of the Republican party in New Jersey during the years of the war. He was earnest in his advocacy of the right of the National government to pre- serve the Union; he believed that the integrity of the Republic must be preserved at all hazards, that the rebellion must be crushed, and the seceding States brought back to their former allegiance. So he advocated in the strongest manner the continuance of the war. He upheld the President and Congress in every measure which he believed would tend to these results, his efforts were not spasmodic, but con- tinuous and never ceasing until the war closed; that accomplished, then his v<»ice was raised for peace, for harmony, f<>r a restored union, for constitutional reconstruction. But Mr. Parker did not win fame alone in ihc n.runi; he was a jxil- itician, but never a demagogue; his natural nol)ility of character utterly prevented him from descending to those low tricks, those mean artifices which are used by the mere politician, seeking to .secure some advan- tage for himself. He had not confined him.self alone to the study of legal principles, but sought aid in his profession and solace and rtfreshment for himself in the domain of literature. He was and is a reader of the better class of works, and wrote much himself; not confined to any one branch of literature. He has long been a member of the New Jersey Historical Society and his papers often read at its meetings adorn the pages of its WOOUBKIUUh SIKUNG. « BIOGRAPHICAL HEGISTKR. 473 publications. A few of his fugitive pieces, now found in print, may be noticed: An Address on General Philip Kearney, another on the life of Associate Justice Joseph P. Bradley, one on Abraham Lincoln, one on the "Open Bible," and several during- the Civil War, on the stirring issues of the day. He has been president of the National Bar Association and has de- livered many addresses before that body. A remarkable production, from his pen, — an article on Sir Matthew Hale, read before the Penn- sylvania Bar Association, has met with universal approbation. A strong religious bias has pervaded his whole life ; in this he followed in the steps of his illustrious father, early giving in his adherence to the Episcopal church, he has ever been ready to serve it in any capacity and has rendered it most material aid. He has been for many years a delegate to its annual diocesan conventions, and since 1876 to the National General Conventions. He inclines to the Evangelical branch of the church and does not delight in the advanced ritualism of modern times. His pronounced sentiments on the subject of religion have led to his being called upon to address associations of a distinctive religious character such as the Bible Society, the Sabbath Union, and other bodies of like views. In all of his efforts on such occasions, he has manifested a broad, high toned, elevated liberality and a perfect master of the subject he discussed. In politics he was a Whig, unj:il the disintegration of the organization known by that name, when he affiliated with the Republican party and has ever since been an ardent supporter of the principles of that association. Prior to the Civil war he strove to avert that dread calam- ity, but when it came he threw himself into the contest with all the energy of his forceful nature, upheld the government and never relaxed his efforts to preserve the Union and the integrity of the Republic un- til peace came. He has never been the recipient of political office, his own self respect, his keen sense of what ought be the proper method of attempting to acquire office, ever restraining him from the adoption of measures which others less sensitive than himself, could nse, and which seem indispen- sable in these modern times for securing that which should be the reward of ability and service. He was on several occasions a prominent can- didate for United States senator, for the attorney-generalship of New Jersey and other distinctions. Political schemes disappointed his friends. He has, however, held positions, the offer of which, to such «:i THK JI'DiriAl, AND (MVII. HlSTOllV OF NKW JKHSKY. ii III. Ill j)r .iiiioiism aiiu iii> .itniii} i<» sci vc ill pcrplcxiiijj aiul important . In the controversy between (i(»vernor Newell and a Democratic Senate, when that body refused to confirm nominations for chancellor, he was nominated to that hij^h office. He was tendered a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court <»f his native State but de- clined. The );eneral government also recognized his worth and ability and at diflferent times offered him a place on the Alabama Commission, the emba.ssy to Russia, and that to X'ienna, both of which he declined. Loving work, foreign missions were no attraction to him. He served, however, as a commissioner to settle the b(»undary line between Delaware and New Jersey, and as a reviser of the laws of the State. He, how- ever, declined a nomination to Congress, made against his wish and after the district convention had adjourned. lie has ever been a prijgressive man, ahead of his time, always a leader and however much the people at first may have doubted the ex- pediency of his action, they have at last yielded, acknowledging his views. Possessing tender sensibilities, an emt)tional nature, ready benevo- lence, and warm sympatiiies, he has ever responded to the demands of friendship and to the call of those needing assistance. As a citizen, he has ever recognized the claims of the community and of the Stale upon his cooperation in every good word and work. The educational interests of the cf)mmonwealth liave received his fostering care; appliances for the material prosperity of the citizen have been advanced by his efTorts, one of them was the general railroad law. N(jw, in the full p(jssessi(;n of his mental and physical faculties, as lawyer, citizen, friend he stantls out pre-eminent for virtue, adorned with the triumphs of a long and honored life, eciualled by few, second to none, the ])eer of the highest and noblest, and sustained by a Christian faith, calmly regarding tlie future. Ri< HARD Stockton, Princeton, "the Duke," was a .son of Richard Stockton, the signer, and was born in Morven in Princeton, N. J. He was graduated from Princeton College in 1770, read law with his uncle, Elias Boudinot, and was admitted in 17^i4. He rapidly rose to the head of the bar, and was noted as an elocjuent and profound lawyer and common law advocate. He was a member (^f the United States Senate from 1700 to 1700, a member of the Hou.se of Representatives from 1813 to 181.'>, and a strong Federalist till his death. He was .sev- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 475 eral times the candidate for governor against Josepli Rloomfield and for many years a trustee of Princeton College and Presbyterian church. He died March 7, 1828. His wife was Mary Field. He left a large family of children, among them being Commodore Robert F., Richard, William B., and Lieutenant Samuel W. J. Eugene TRorn, Camden, born in Newcastle county, Delaware, January 14, 1845, was educated at Delaware College, read law with James A. Dayton, of Camden, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1866, and as a counselor in June, 1869. For seven years he was solicitor of Camden county and clerk of the Board of Freeholders. Levi Shepherd, Newton, son of Deacon Nathan Shepherd, was born in Frankford township, Sussex county, October 28, 1813, read law with Hon. Daniel Haines at Hamburg, and was admitted in 1839. He be- gan practice in Deckertown, where he married, January 17, 1852, Nancy, daughter of Samuel and Nancy Decker and a descendant of Peter Decker, from whom Deckertown was named She died April 2, 1858. Mr. Shepherd became counselor in September, 1842. In 1S(;4 he removed to Newton and died there August 11, 1875. In May, 1860, he was elected county collector of Sussex county, and served six years. He was also president of the Sussex National Bank of Newton. Isaac Watts Cra.ve, Bridgeton and Newark, was born in Essex county May 3, 1773, was graduated from Princeton in 1789, and was admitted as an attorney in 1797. He settled in Salem, but about 1805 removed to Bridgeton, and in October, 1810, was elected a member of assembly by the Democrats. In 1819 he moved to Camden, and in 1833 returned to Bridgeton. October 31, 1834, he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Cumberland county and served five years. About 1850 he moved to Newark and died in 1856. He was highly educated and an accomplished French scholar, and won a wide reputa- tion for his great ability. Edmund Perry, Flemington, born at Basking Ridge, N. J., October 4, 1825, a son of Samuel Perry, read law in Asbury. N. J., with Hon. A. G. Richey, and also in New Brunswick, and was admitted October IS, 1848. He began practice in New Hampton, and thence moved to Flemington, where he became editor of the Hunterdon Democrat. In 1859 he was elected State senator and in 1861 was chosen president of the Senate. He was chairman of the judiciary committee two years, «7' THK Jl'DiriAL AND (MVII. IlISTOIiV < »K NKW JKUSEY. s. .1 ji'.u^i- <'i ihc Common IMcas from IHdC to ISTl. and died N : 1, IStM. Ill politics he was a prominent Democrat. July 15, 1848, he married Klizabeth A., daughter of John T. and Charlotte L. (\Vooridge) White, of Hartford, Conn., and had two sons, Samuel IC, of Atlantic City, and Helmont, of Woodbury, both lawyers. CIeorgk W. Gii.HF.RT. Canulen. born Sci)tember 21, 1834, in Philadel- phia, came to Camden in 1S4:J, and read law with Hon. Thomas H. iJudley and George S. Woodhull. He was admitted in February, 1S03, and served as deputy county clerk from 18(15 to 1875, and register of deeds from 1876 to 18>(). Thomas P. Ciri.ky, Canulen. born in Camden, N. J., September r.», ISOl, was educated at La vSalle College in Philadeljihia, and was ad- mitted as an attorney in November, 1882. John P, Jackson, Jk.. Newark, third son of John P. Jackson, sr , was born in Newark, N. J., February 0, 1837, was graduated from Princeton in 18.50, read law in Newark and at Cambridge Law School, and was admitted in 1859. He was a partner of J. H. Stone fr(»m 18(»5 to ls7i», a member of the General Assembly in 1802 and 1803, and a member of the Newark City Council from 1800 to 1870. He was a member of the special commission appointed by Ciovernor McClellan to frame a general tax law, a trustee of the Newark Academy, and sec- retary of the New Jersey Colonisation Society. He died December 17. 1880, He was a man of learning, dignity and al)ility. John W, Wkscott, Camden, born in Waterf»»rd. Camden county. N. J., was educated at Yale College, read law with Hon. Dexter R. Wright, of New Haven, and later with Samuel 11. 'irey, of Camden, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1878, and as a counselor in June, 1881. In 1885 he was appointed president judge oi the Court ol Common Pleas of Camden county by (Jovernor Abbctt, to succeed Charles M. Reed, deceased. Lk.muki. J. Potts, Camden, born in Canulen, March 17. isj:5, read law with Alden C. Scovell, of Canulen. ajul bccanu" an attorney in June, 1878, and a counselor in June, 1S81. Thomas D. Hoxsev, Paterson, born in Williamstown, Mass., October 28. 1815. read law with Daniel Harkal<»w. and was admitted in 18.JL He was a member of the Paterson School I>c»ard in 1S41 and 1842. was elected to the New Jersey Assembly in 18M>and 1850, and in the State BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 477 Senate in 1852, and was clerk of Passaic county from 18G1 to 1807. In 1867 he was appointed U. S. register in bankruptcy for the Fourth N. J. District. He was city counsel of Paterson in 1872, and in 1877 and 1880 was the " Greenback " candidate for grovernor. He died May ;50, 1881. He held a commission as brigadier-general in the militia of Pas- saic county. Staats Smith Morris, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., April 15, 1809, was a lineal descendant of Thomas Morris, one of the original settlers of Newark. He was graduated from Yale College in 1831, read law, and was admitted in 1834. He attained prominence as an able lawyer, was register in bankruptcy for the Fifth New Jersey District, and being elected a member of the Newark Common Council in 1854 did much to inaugurate a paid fire department for that city. He died in East Orange, October 26, 1888. Job Stockton Halsted, Newton, eldest son of Dr. Robert and Mary (Wiley) Halsted, was born in Elizabethtown, N. J., March 4, 1774, read law with Col. Aaron Ogden, and was admitted as an attorney in 1795, and as a counselor in 1798. Soon after his admission he removed to Newton, N, J., where for nearly fifty years he was a prominent lawyer and citizen. He was a man of great ability. In 1832 he was a mem- ber of the National Committee and a staunch supporter of Henry Clay. He died April 13, 1844. June 10, 1805, he married Ann Mclntire, who died September 28, 1838. Their eldest child, Robert Wiley Halsted, was graduated from Princeton, read law with his father, and practiced in Newton till his death, November 19, 1829. Louis Greiner, Newark, born in Germany about 1814, was a man of fine education and a LL.D there. Becoming prominent in the Revo- lution of 1848 he was arrested, tried, and sentenced to death with other political offenders, but escaped to Switzerland and thence to England, and in 1851 came to America and settled in Newark, He was admitted to the New Jersey bar in 1858, and attained wide prominence as an able lawyer. He was a director of the Newark City Insurance Com- pany, the Merchants' National Bank, and Dime Savings Institution of Newark. He died October 25, 1874. GusTAvus N. Ap.eel, Newark, son of Rev, Augustus Abeel, D. D., was born in Geneva, N. Y., in 1839, and came to Newark with the family in 1851. He was graduated from Rutgers College in 1S59, read 17- THK .It'DUMAI, ANI> CIVII- IIISTOUY oK NKW JKRSKY. law witii llim. in«Krick T. I-'relinj^huyscn, and was admitted in June. 1862. 0"««t!>er 7, 18<')2, lie was c<>iuinissi, 1850. lb was a member of the State Coimcil in 1821, became surrogate of Sussex county in 1822, and for twenty nine consecutive years was director of the Sussex County Board of Chosen Freeholders. He was for thirty two years from its organization a director of the Sussex Bank, and was also a manager of the State Lunatic Asylum at Trenton. David Rkai> Snovkr, Orange, born March 14, 18f;0, in Stillwater, Sussex county, N. J., is a son of Thamer and Lydia (Read) Snover, BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 47iJ and was graduated from the Newton Institute in 188(! and from La- fayette College at Easton, Pa., in 1890, as A. B., and as A. M. in course in 1893. He read law with Francis J. Swayze, then of Newton, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1893. Maximilian Theodore Rosenberg, Jersey City, born September 2"), ISGO, in Jersey City, is a son of Theodore and Rosette Rosenberg, na- tives of Germany, who came to America in 1851. He was graduated from Hasbrouck Institute in 1871, and from the University of the City of New York as A. B. in 1878, and read law with vScudder & Vreden- burgh, of Jersey City, and at Columbia Law School. He was ad- mitted as an attorney in November, 1881, and as a counselor in No- vember, 1884. Samuel D. Bergen, Camden, brother of Martin V. and Christopher A. Bergen, was born in Harlingen, Somerset county, N. J., April 9, 1852, was graduated from Princeton in 1872, and read law with his brothers in Camden. He was admitted as an attorney in June, 1876, and as a counselor in November, 1879. He married li^liza I^"., daugh- ter of George Browning. Thomas C. Simonton, Jr., Paterson, born in New York city in 1854, came to Paterson with his parents when less than one year old. He read law with Hon. Garret A. Hobart, and was admitted as an attor- ney in June, 1877, and as a counselor in June, 1880. He is also a member of the bar of New York. He was appointed counsel of the city of Paterson in 1887 for one year and was reappointed in 1888 for five years. Guy Minton, Morristown, born at Madison, N. J., June 2, 1846, is a son of Hudson and Caroline E. (Lumm) Minton, and read law with George Gage, of Morristown. He was admitted to the bar in June, 1868, and has always practiced in Morristown. April 19, 1871, he married a daughter of Henry P. Day, of Chatham, N. J. She died May 8, 1873, and on June 15, 1892, he married Ida C. Haring, of New York city. Richard Bartholomew Moriarty, Morristown, born December 29, 1867, in Putnam, Conn., is the son of Michael and Emma (Seaton) Moriarty, natives of Ireland and England respectively. He was graduated from Yale College in 1891 as B. A., read law with Hon. Mahlon Pitney, at Morristown, and at the New York Law School, and was admitted as an attorney in J une, 1895. 1 UK JIDICIAI. ANU Civil, IIIST(»!{V (i|- NKW JK!{SKY. n«»k v»> Si>;is<>N, ( )ranj;c, scroiul s«>n of Ilcmy T. and Susan {C'anij) \h:\\) Siclson, was born in Oranjje, N. J., April 7, 1H48. He is dc sccndcd from. Robert Stetson, who was born in Scotland in 1012, and settled in Scitiiate, Mass., in \t'>'M. Mr. Stetson was j^raduatcd from Ctjlunihia CoIle;ic in ISCJG, read law with John L. Blake, of Oranjje, was graduated from Columbia Law School in iSfll*, and was admitted as an attorney in November, IKiI'.t. lie was city clerk of f^rani^c from M.iv, ]s']. to Jinu-, Isit}, when he resijjned. In 1S7:J he became assistant treasurer of llie ( )ranj;c Half Dime Sav- ings Bank, and in 188:5 was made its treasurer. He has been connected with the Orange Board of Education continuously since 1873, and is past master of Corinthian Lodge No. 57, F. & A. M., of Orange. In 1870 he married Eva J., daughter of Emery II. Adams. Wii.iiAM J. St. L.vwrknc k, Paterson, son of Patrick and Hannah (Higgins) St. Lawrence, was educated ai St. Johns Parochial School and Tallman Seminary in Paterson, &nd Seaton Hall College in South Orange, graduating in 1H72, and read law with Judge Absalom B. Woodruff. He was admitted as an attorney in June, 1877. Eiu;ar II. LovKkiixjK, Jersey City, born May 10, 1871, in Jersey City, is a son of James W. and Elizabeth F. R. (Iladden) Lovcridgc, and read law with Dickinson, Thompson & McMasters and at the New York Law School, graduating in 1894. He was admitted as an attorney in November, 1805. Harry A. Dohuins, Morristown, born July 10, ls7I, in Newark, N. J., is a son of Edward L. and Anna M. (Alcott) Dobbins, and was graduated from the Centenary Collegiate Institute at Ilackettstown in 1H(»0. He took a special course at Columbia College, read law with Francis K. Howell, of Newark, and at the New York Law School, and was admitted in February, 1895. Samuf.i. A. Atkinson, Moimt Holly, born in Mount Holly, N. J., in 18G1, received an academic education and taught .school for five years. He read law with Mark P. Sooy, of Mount Iloliy. and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1891, and as a counseU^r in June, 1894. He was assessor of Northampton township, Burlington county, in 1889 and 1890, and has served as auditor of the same county for several years. Frederick N, Edermard, Hoboken, born in New York City, August BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 481 21, 1857, is a son of Frederick N. and Susan Amelia (Kreps) Eber- hard, both natives of New York, whither his great-grandfather, Nich- olas Eberhard, came from Hanover, Germany. He read law with the late Samuel W. Carey, of Hoboken, and with Edwin Stetson, of New York city, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1870. He is treasurer of the Hudson City Improvement Company, and was captain and later judge advocate of the old 9th Rcgt., N. G. N. J. He mar- ried Catherine, daughter of Diedrick Ranges, of Hoboken. He resides in Jersey City. David McCrea, Jersey City, born February 3, 1861, in New Hamp- ton, N. Y., is the son of James W. T. and Harriet Elizabeth (Schroe- der) McCrea, and was educated at Middletown, N. Y. In 1878 he came to Jersey City and read law with Linn & Babbitt, and was ad- mitted as an attornej^ in February, 1882. In 1891 he went to Chicago and practiced two and one-half years, returning in August, 1894, to Jersey City. Randall B. Lewis, Paterson, was born November 22, 1873, in Pat- erson, N. J., was graduated from the Paterson High School in 1891 as president of his class, read law with his brother, William I., and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1890. Vivian M. Lewis, Paterson, was admitted as an attorney in Febru- ary, 1892. Alexander Cameron Younc;, Hoboken, born October 5, 18G9, in Flagtown, vSomerset county, N. J,, is a son of Hugh and Lilly Ann (Carr) Young, and received a classical education. He read law with Hon. Alvah A. Clark, of Somerville, and William C. Heppenheimer, of Hoboken, and at Columbia Law School, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1892. He was counsel of the Hoboken Board of Health for three years, is an active Democrat, and was a candidate for Congress from the Seventh New Jersey (Hudson) district in 1890. December IG, 1893, he married Bertinette R. , daughter of John V. D, Hatfield and granddaughter of Gen. James T. Hatfield, both of New York city. John F. Marion, Jersey City, born June 7, 1867, in Jersey City, is a son of John and Ellen (Brady) Marion, and was graduated from St. Peter's Parochial School and College of Jersey City in 1885. He read law with J. Herbert Potts and Frederick Frambach, jr., and was ad- 4--.> THK .iri'lClAl. AND (MVII. IIISTolIV (iK NKW .IKKSKY. iniUcil as .III ailoiiu)' m .\iivt-niin.-i , i^'.•i, ami has it-ccivcil llic tlf^ice of Ph. li. in a jH)Sl-j;riuluiitc course from St. IVancis Xavier's College, of New York City. JosEi'H IIi.NciiMAN, Morristowti, born March 28, 185G, in Dcnville, Morris county, N. J., is a son of John and Mary F. (Sparks) Ilineli man, and received a Morristown public and private school education. He read law in Morristown with Alfred Mills and was admitted in No- veml)cr, 1SS3 He resides in Dcnville. Mark R. S -lailiuilcd \v<'\u liic law (icparlim-iil ol liic IniviTMl) tn Michiijjm at Ann Arbor in 1S8U, and was adinilictl lo llie New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1880, and as a counselor in November, 1KK4. lie was engrossing clerk in the Assembly in 18S3-S4. Wii.i.iAM Hak rsiioRST, Red Hank, son of lulward, was born in Mid dlelown, N. J., read law in Red Hank and at Columbia Law Schlack, of Jersey City, and was admitted as an attorney in November, I8'.tl, and as a f ' in February, 1805. He is i)resident and general manager o: w Jersey Title and Alxstract Company. October 14, 18'.m;, he married Sarah Conselyea Traphagen, daughter of Henry Traphagen, of Jersey City. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 485 Joseph Reillv, Red Bank, born April '27, ISUO, at Yonkers, N. Y., is a son of Patrick and Catharine (Thompson) Reilly and read law with Robert Allen, jr., and John S. Applegate, of Red Bank. He was admitted as an attorney in November, 1886. In 1895 he married Emma Mary, daughter of George Hathaway, of Long Branch, N. J. Robert T. Johnson, Newton, born June 2, 1845, in Marksboro, War- ren county, N. J., is a son of John and Lucy (Rosenkrans) Johnson, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in June, 1870. George Hampton, Bridgeton, born in Bridgeton, N. J., February 14, 18t>9, is a son of Charles G. Hampton, sheriff of Cumberland county and a judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and Mary Ann (Erickson), his wife, and a great-grandson of Henry and Sarah (Harris) Hampton. He was graduated from the South Jersey Academy at Bridgeton, read law there with Potter & Nixon, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1894. He is chairman of the Cumberland County Demo- cratic Executive Committee. G. Augustus Muir, Morristown, born May 17, 1859, in Chatham township, Morris county, is a son of Caleb M. and Sarah A. (Cyphers) Muir, both natives of the county of Morris. He read law with Samuel S. Halsey, and his brother, Edward A. Muir, of Morristown, and at Columbia Law School, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1881. He was city clerk of Morristown from 1887 to 1892, has been attor- ney for several townships in Morris county, and is now city attorney of Morristown. In January, 1884, he married Annie F. , daughter of Melvin Shaw, of Rockland, Mass. Charles Kline Landis, Jr., Vineland, son of Charles K. Landis, sr. , founder of Hammonton and Sea Isle City, N. J., was admitted as an attorney in June, 1892, and as a counselor in November, 1895. Paul William Roder, Newark, was born in Basel, Switzerland, in 1852, is a son of Charles and Anna (Guenther) Roder, and came with his parents to Newark in 1800. In 1873 he became a member of the staff of the Newarker Post and in 1874 of the New Jersey Frie Zeitung, and later of the New York Staats Zeitung. He read law with the late Hon. Caleb S. Titsworth, and was graduated from the Columbia Law School in 1881. The same year he was appointed judge of the First Criminal Court of Newark, but resigned to become tax commissioner. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar in February, 1884. May 28, 1877, he married Marie Antoinette Voigt. 4S.1 iiiK Jl hiriAl. AND CIVIL HISTORY OK NKW JKIiSKY Thomas Whi-iam Randai.!, l'atcrs«»n, horn in Huckinj^lianishire. Enjjland, June 24, 1H53. came to America with liis parents in June, 1 8156, and read law with Judge John Hopper, of Paterson, and with Pennington & Dc Witt, of Newark, and also at the Columbia Law Sch«x)l. He was admitted as an attorney in June. 1S7T. He has been for several years a trustee of the Second Presbyterian church of Pater- son, is a director and was one f)f the organizers (in 1ST8) of the Pater son Mutual Building and Loan Association, and is a prominent mem- ber of the Passaic county bar. He married, in 1H7I), Jennie S. Perry. Garret Ackkkson, Jk . Hackensack. eldest son of Garret G. Acker- son, was born in Pascack, Hergen county. September 15, 1S4(), read law in Jersey City, and became an attorney in I8t;;{. He was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Hergcn county in 18, and as a counselor in Feliruary, 1853. He held high rank at the bar, was attorney for some of the leading railroads of New Jersey, and had an extensive practice in the State and United States courts. In 18T5 Governor Bedle appointed him attorney-general, which office he resigned in lsT7, on account of his large practice. He died April 30, 1870. Charlks L. C. GiKKoki), Newark, son i>( Arlluir. was born in New- ark, N. J., in November, 1825, was graduated from Yale Law School in 1844, read law with his father and became an attorney in 1847 and a counselor in January, 1850. He was deputy collector of the Port of New York four years, in 1857 was elected to the A.ssembly and in 1858 became State senator, and was president (»f the Senate in 185;t. June 29, 1872, he became presiding judge of the Essex Common Pleas. He died March 31, 1877. JosF.FH Bi.ooMKiEi.n, Burlington, son of Dr. Moses Bloomfield, was BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 487 born in Woodbridge, N. J., in 1755, received a classical education, read law with Cortlandt Skinner, attorney-general of the Province of New Jersey, and became an attorney in 1775. He began practice in Bridgeton, but entered the Continental army in February, 1770, as cap- tain of the 3d N. J. Regiment and served till 177S, becoming major. In 1778 he was chosen clerk of the Assembly and was several years register of the Court of Admiralty. He was one of the foundation members of the Society of the Cin- cinnati and was elected vice president in 1794, and president in 1808. In 1783 he was elected attorney general and was re-elected in 1788, and resigned in 1792. Soon aftei leaving the army he married Mary, daughter of William Mcllvaine of Burlington, and settled there and served several years as mayor. He was general of militia and in 1794 took command of a brigade to quell the whisky insurrection in Penn- sylvania. He was an active member and president of the New Jersey Society for the Abolition of Slavery, and from 1801 to 1812 was gov- ernor and chancellor of New Jersey. He took part as brigadier- general in the war of 1812, was a member of Congress from March 4, 1817, to March 4, 1821, and died in 1825. Daniel Stuart Anderson, Newton, son of Thomas Oakley Ander- son, an officer in the United States navy, was born in Newton, N. J., read law with his uncle, William Anderson, and became an attorney in 1841. In 1848 he was elected surrogate of Sussex county and served fifteen years. He was president judge of the Sussex Common Pleas from 1871 to 1876, and died highly respected, July 2, 1890, aged seventy-one. William G. Cumming, Newark, born in Greenville, N. J., in Octo ber, 1851, was a son of Gen. Gilbert Cumming, "The Hero of Island No. 10," and was graduated from the Newark Academy. He read law with his father, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1871, and as a counselor in 1875. He died August 29, 1887. Benjamin F. Chambers, Trenton, son of John S. Chambers, was born in Trenton, August 15, 1850, was graduated from Princeton Col- lege in 1872, and was admitted to the bar in November, 1875. March 17, 1873, he joined the National Guard and became lieutenant-colonel of the 7th Regiment. He was elected to the Assembly in 1884, and died August 22, 1885. rilK JlUiriAL ANI> n\ II, IIISToKY ok NKW .IKIiSKY. SwiLJi II. Baldwin, Newark, was h«)rii in Newark, N. J., in 1H41, was jjradualcd from Amhcrsi Colkj^a' with h()n(»rsin ISfJl, anil then en- listed in the Union army and served till the close of the war, becoming captain of C*o. K, i:Uh N. J. Vols. He reail law in Newark, was ad mitted in February, IStw;, as an altorney, and in I'ebruary, IKOH, as a counselor, and died there Septcnil)er 1, ISICJ. He was a sound, cour teous and able lawyer, and aehieved success at the liar. He was a member of the Newark Board of Education from 1SH2 to IH'Xi. Wii.i.iAM II. Bra 1)1. Kv, Newark, eldest son of Hon. Joseph P. Brad- ley, was graduated from Rutgers College in 1874, read law in Wa.sh- ingfton, D. C, and was admitted to the bar there. He settled in New- ark in 1871) and entered upon a general practice, and died June 17, 1889, in his thirty-sixth year. JosKi'H Cain Garrf.tson, Bound Brook, son of J. Field and Rachel Garretson, was born in Franklin township, Somerset county, August 30, 1860, was educated in Trentc^n, studied law with R. V. Lindabury in Elizabeth, and became an attorney in 1880. He settled in Bound Brook in 1887 and died there December 10, 1891. He was a man of acknowledged ability. AsHBEi. Grekn, grandson of Rev. Ashbel (ireen, for many years president of Princeton College, and a son of James S. (ireen, was born in Princeton, N. J., November 17, 1825, was graduated from Princeton College in 184fJ, read law and became an attorney in 1849. He made a specialty of corporation law, was a prominent Democrat, and in 1807 was elected judge of the Bergen County Courts. In 1870 he was chosen a Tilden elector. He was an eloquent speaker and an able lawyer. Wii.i.iAM I). Ca.mi'hki.i., Long Ijranch, born in Shrewsbury, N. J., October 17, 1859, was a son of Peter B. Campbell, and a grandson of James Shureman, an early United States senator from New Jersey. His grandmother was a sister of Gen. Garret D. Wall. He was edu- cated in public, private and grammar schools, read law with Apple- gate & Degnan and Robert Allen, jr., of Red Bank, and was admitted as an attorney June 8, 1881. He was apiK)inled solicitor of the L(jng Branch Police, Sanitary, and Improvement Commission in 1882, coun- sel for the township of Ocean in 1885. and police justice of Long Branch in 1887. In 1889 he was elected to the Assembly and was a member when he died, April 2, 1891. WILLIAM L. TERHUNE. ^ BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 489 Richard Stockton Jenkins, Camden, born in Lancaster, Pa., was graduated from Burlington College in 1853, read law witli Richard S. Field, of Princeton, and Judge Thomas P. Carpenter, of Camden, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1859. He practiced in Camden from 1855 till his death at Atlantic City, May 10, 1892. In March, 1864, he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Camden county and served twenty years. During that time he prosecuted five important homicide cases, two of which resulted in capital punish- ment, the only execution up to that time in Camden county. . He was skillful in the preparation and presentation of cases and in the cross- examination of witnesses. William H Hagaman, Newark, born in Newton, Sussex county, N. J., was a son of William H. Hagaman, sr. , was graduated from the Newton Collegiate Institute June 6, 1870, read law with Parker & Keasbey, of Newark, and at Columbia Law School, was admitted to the bar and practiced with Charles Borcherling in Newark till 1880, when ill health compelled him to go to Colorado, where he died August 23, 1883. He was police justice of Newark and assistant prosecutor of the Essex Common Pleas. John Frelinghuysen Hageman, Jr., Princeton, born in Princeton, August 9, 1849, was graduated from Princeton College in 1809, read law with his father, and became an attorney in June, 1872, and a coun- selor in June, 1875. He resided and practiced in Princeton until his death, July 1, 1893. He was counsel of the Princeton Bank and the borough and township of Princeton for many years and was elected mayor in 1881. William Muirheid, Jersey City, born in 1841, served in the Civil war and then read law in Jersey City with Isaac W. Scudder. He was admitted as an attorney in June, 1866, and as a counselor in February, 1888. He was early appointed United States commissioner and in 1872 was made chief supervisor of elections, and held both positions until his death, July 26, 1892. He was long associated with Flavel McGee and ex-Governor J. D. Bedle, and was a lawyer of ability and eminence. Samuel Morrow, Jr., Newark, born in Wantage township, Sussex county, February 7, 1831, was educated at Rankin Seminary in Deck- ertown, taught school several years, and engaged in the service of the 400 ■Till. iii.irM\i \\|) rivil, mSTOKV OF NKW JKKSKY. Ihc Livil war. He bci;an ihc suuiy <.i law m i to the bar in 1S7I. and for several years was a partner of John Whitehead, of Newark Ik- was a member of assem- bly in 1ST\>-T4, and died in New York, siuldcnly, February H, ISHri. He was a lawyer of more than ordinary ability. Gii.nEKT R, LiNOSAY, Rahway, born in Brooklyn, N. V., was i;rad- uatetl from Columbia Law School and was admitted as an attorney in N<»vember, 1867, and as a counselor in November, 1870. For a time he lived in Mississippi, where he was assistant State treasurer at New- Orleans, and later State treasurer at Natchez. He practiced in Rah- way and died there November G, 1803. ay:ed fifty seven. He was a prominent Democrat, a political orator and an impromptu speaker, and was city attorney, postmaster and superintendent of public schools of Rahway. He was an honored and prominent member of the Union county bar. Hon. Rliioi.I'H F. R.\I!K, of Holxjken, X. J., and New York city, was born in Otterndorf, at the mouth of the River Elbe, in Hanover, Ger- many, on the 4th of Au^aist, 1841, and is the sonof Cliarles L. and Wil- hclmina Rabe, the father being a well kntnvn watchmaker. Mr. Rabe descends from sturdy German ancestry, and represents that excellent class of citizens, who, coming to the United States, have by their own industr)' and energy risen to the rank of substantial and di.stinguished leaders in their chosen occupations. He attended the gymnasium of his native city until he attained the age of fifteen years, receiving a thorough education in the common branches, and in Latin, in French, and in Knglish. His father had intended to send him to the University of Gottingen, but youthful ambitions for liberty and adventure turned his mind in the direction of a seafaring life, even before he had com- pleted his course of study at the g}-mnasium. In 1850, while indulging in dreams of an adventurous career on the ocean, he left home and cm- barked as a cabin boy on the American vessel, " Agnes Leeds." His experience on board this sailing craft utterly shattered his dreams and passion for the sea, and arriving in New York, he engaged with a rela- tive there in mercantile business, in which he continued for five years, or until 1864, when he entered the law ofHcc of Conable & Elliott, of that city, as a student. He also attended Columbia College Law School, and was graduated and admitted to the bar <<( X' w Y'>rk from that in- stitution in 1869. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 491 Mr, Rabe began the active practice of his profession in New York city, and in 1870 formed a copartnership there with Hon. Edward Browne, which successfully continued until 1883, when Mr. Browne was elected judge of the City Court. He then admitted as a partner, Mr. F. W. Keller (who had been his chief clerk), under the firm name of Rabe & Keller, which still continues, with office opposite the City Hall Park, on Browdway. Mr. Rabe was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as attorney and counselor, in November, 1894, and since 1870 has re- sided in Hoboken, where he is highly esteemed and honored. He has achieved flattering success as a lawyer, and his firm enjoys a very large clientage among the German-American element, and an extensive prac- tice in all the courts of New York. In 1873 Mr, Rabe was elected to the Legislature of this State, as an Independent Democrat from the district embracing the city of Hoboken. He was re-elected in 1874, 1875 and 1876, each time by handsome ma- jorities, and during the latter term, was elected speaker of the House. He did exemplary service, both as legislator and presiding officer, and won the approbation, esteem and confidence of every member, regard- less of party affiliations. He won especial praise as a parliamentarian. In 1876 he was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention, which nominated Samuel J. Tilden for president. He was elected to the New Jersey Senate in 1877, and served with credit and distinction for three years. At the close of his senatorial term, he refused further political honors, though urged to accept them, and thenceforward de- voted himself wholly to his professional practice. Mr. Rabe has always taken a lively interest in Hoboken, the city of his residence, where he was for many years a member of the Board of Trustees of the Hoboken Academy. He was one of the org'anizers in 1887, of the Second National Bank of Hoboken, which he has contin- uously since served as president, devoting much of his time to its affairs. In 1866 Mr. Rabe was married by Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, rector of Trinity parish, to Miss Elizabeth Lusby, of New York city. They have two children, Caroline A., and Rudolph F. , jr. William A. Newell, born in Ohio, was graduated from Rutgers Col- lege, became a prominent Republican and from 1847 to 1851 was a member of Congress, where he sat beside Lincoln, with whom he boarded and roomed. In 1856 he was elected governor of New Jersey; in 1864 he was a delegate to the Baltimore Convention and was elected 40-.' TffK Jrit! <'IVII, HISTOIIV ( .K NKW .lKFt«iKY. to Ihc '.\'Jl\\ Congress. In lMi8 and ISTo lie was ilctcalccl tor Conjjrcss and in 1871 was a candiilalc for I'nitcd Stales senator. He was for several years vice-president of the National Union Leajjue. LiTDLow McCarif.r, Newark, born at Green Valley, Morris county, (X-t«»bcr23, 1844. was educated at the Newton Collegiate Institute, and in I8»;r> entered the Sussex county clerk's oHice. While there he read law with Coult & Anderson, and was admitted as an attorney in Feb- ruary, 1871. and later as a c<»unselor. In 1H71 he moved to Newark and in 1879 was appointed by (iovenKtr McClellan as president judjrc of the Essex County Pleas, which office he held for six years. He died September 23, 1SS8, leaviu}^ a widow. Kmiua. dauj.;htcr of John Cum- mins, of Brooklyn. Francis L. M.mCui.locii, Salem, son of (jcorge MacCuUoch, of Morristown, was born in ISOl, became an attorney in 18'->3, and a coun- selor in 1826. He settled in Salem and died there in 1850. He was prosecutor of the pleas and attained prominence as a lawyer. John J. Gkrmer, Elizabeth, born in IClizabeth, N. J., about 1850, read law there with the late J. Auj^ustus Fay, jr., and became an attor- ney in June, 1876. He was an active Democrat and in 1S82 was elected surrojjate of Union county and served two terms. In 1892 he was elected county clerk and served till his death, November 15, 181t:{. John C. Paiuson, Paterson, was born in Ber},'^en county in 184:1, and died September 12, 1882. He was g^raduatcd from Princeton Col- lege and Columbia Law School, read law with Indite Hopper, of Pat- erson, and was admitted as an attorney in iscn. He was also a .stu- dent of theology. Edward D Pikrson, Orange, born in Oranj^e, N. J., in lsi;j. was graduated from Brooklyn College, became an attorney in November. 1857, and in 1862 enlisted in the 13th N. J. Vols., and was promoted captain. Returning from the war he resumed practice, and was ad- mitted as a counselor in Noverfiber, 18(i(;. He was a member of a-^ ■ ' :n 1866 and 1867, served as a member of the Common Coun- t; :ige, and died there March 30, 1H82. Jamks Boyd Nixon, Bridgeton, eldest son of William O. and Sarah (Potter) Nixon, was born August 1, 1847, attended the West Jer.sey Academy and was graduated from Princeton College in 18r,7. He read law with his uncle. Judge John T. Nixon, was admitted as an attorney BIOGRArillCAL REGISTER. 493 in June, 1870, and as a counselor in June, 187^}, and was a partner of his uncle, Col. William E. Potter, from 1870 to January 1894. lie be- came an eminent business lawyer, was several terms city solicitor of Bridgeton, served as counsel of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Cumberland county from 1880 till his death and counsel and vice-presi- dent of the Cumberland National Bank. He was widely respected and esteemed, contributed to various papers and periodicals, and died at Hot Springs, N. C, November 12, 189G. James Emmet Stouteni!ur(;h, Passaic, born near Schooley's Moun- tain, was graduated from Lafayette College and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1804, and as a counselor in 1877. He was city counsel of Passaic eight years, and died at Ashcvillc, N. C, February 23, 1891, having gone there for his health. Peter Ryle, Paterson, son of John Rj'le, the pioneer silk manufac- turer of Paterson, read law with Hon. Henry A. Williams, and was graduated from Columbia Law School. He was admitted as an attor- ney in November, 1876, was for six years a partner of Eugene Steven- son, and was one of the founders and president of the Silk City Safe Deposit and Trust Company. He was also intimately connected with other concerns, was the first president of the Paterson Board of Public Works, and was highly esteemed and respected. He died at his sum- mer home near Haledon, N. J., October 9, 1893. Theodore F. Randolph, son of James F. Randolph, for thirty-six years publisher and editor of The Fredonian, at New Brunswick, and for eight years a Whig representative in Congress, was born in New Brunswick, June 24, 1826, was liberally educated, read law and came to the bar in 1848. In 1850 he settled in Hudson county and in 1860 was elected to the New Jersey Assembly. In 1861 he was elected State senator and served till 1865. In 1867 he became president of the Morris and Essex Railroad Company and in 1868 was elected governor of New Jersey by a majority of 4,618 over John I. Blair, Republican. During his three years as governor he inaugurated and put through many important reforms. Afterward he devoted his time to farming and mining, residing at Morristown from 1862. In January, 1874, he was elected United States senator by the Legislature. Absalom B. Woodruff, Paterson, born in New Vernon, Morris county, July 19, 1819, was a son of Dr. William P. Woodruff, and first 4ni TIIK .II'nK'lAl, ANI> civil. HISTORY OK NKW JKRSKY. sluUK'tl an<: laii^m sclinol. lie rt-aci law with William J. Hunt, oi .and Peter I). Viootn, of TrcnUMi, and was admitted as an attorney m September, 1884, and as a counselor in 1H47. In 1845 !; ■ ■ d in Patterson and died there October 11, 1S80. He was I' .r of the pleas of Passaic county two terms, and in IHHI was appointed president judge of the Passaic County Courts, which office he held till his death. A])ril 20, ISI"), he married Isabella, daugliterof Gen. George I). Wolf, of Mristol. R. I. Mrs. Wood ni(T died in isr.c. Stf.I'HEN Van CoRri.ANDr \'\n Kknsski.akr, Newark, born in Belk- ville, Kssex county, was graduated fr(jm Rutgers College in 1854, was admitted as an attorney in November, 1857, and on the breaking out of the Rebellion went as captain in the \'Mh N. J. Vols. December 28, 18G3, he was appointed a major in the 3d Cavalry, and after the war resumed practice in Newark. In 1S75 and 1876 he was elected to the New Jersey Assembly and in IS^T became a member of the New- ark Common Council. In 1878 he was elected sheriff of Essex county and served for three years, when he became general agent of the Ivpiitable Life Insurance Company. lie died in Newark, May 21, ISS'i. Wii.i.iA.M S. TiiRocKMOKToN, Freehold, born in Freehold, N. J., in 185«», was a son of ex-Surrogate A. R. Throckmorton, was graduated from Princeton College and became an attorney in June, 188(», and a counselor in June, 1886. He was a member of assembly two tenns ;ind collector of Monmouth county. He died October 3, 181>4. Gkorge Woon, New Brunswick, born in Hurlmglon county, was graduated from Princeton in 1808, read law with Richard Stockton. was admitted in 1812 and settled in New Brunswick. " It was not long before he rivaled his master, to whom in some resjiects he was su- jjcrior. His intellect was of the highest order, entitling him to rank witli Mr, Webster." After a few years' practice he ni ('1\II. IllSI'OltV OK NKW JKIISKT. bcr ol assembly in ISO;}. I'djiuary ]',, IH'.K), he inanied Kalharine L. D. Ti)il)c of Harrison, N J., sister «)f Rev. John J. Tiy^hc. Jacoh C. Ai.lkn. Ilackettstown, was horn near lilairslown, Warren county, N. J., December IT, 1H:55, and is a son of William and Kliza- lieth Allen, and a j^randson of William Allen. His father died October 14, lH'.i4, a^jed eighty-nine. Mr. Allen was educated at the Hacketls- tt)wn Mi^h School under John S. Lamar, studied law with C'«)l. Will- iam Holt of Hackeltstown, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1S75, and ;is a counselor in June, 1ST'.>. He was coun.sel for the Com- missioners of the Drainaj^c of the (ireat Meadows at Danville, bein;; associated with Theodore Little. He was married May 13, IHoK, to Martha J. Sharp, daujjhtcr of Jacob N. and Rachel (HotTman) Sharp. John Zaiikiskik Ackikson, Hackcnsack, is a son of Garret G. Acker- son and a grandson of Garret <1. Ackerson, a lay judj^e of Bergen county and was admitted as an attorney in June, ISSl). A. li. G. Smm<».n, Newark, son of Robert D. and Phoebe A. Salmon, was born in Princeton, 111., I'ebruary IH, IS/iC. He received a i)ublic school education, read law with his father, and was admitted as an at- torney in February, 1877, antl as a counselor in November, 1SH(». His only judicial oflice has been that of court slenoj^najjher. March '.il, 1877, he married Sarah A., daughter of Jacob and vSarali Jane (C(»bb) White. He resides in Maplewood, N. J. Chaki IS W. (ikAVEs, Newark, was boni in Mobile, Ala., in Novem- ber, 1S48. and first studied medicine, taking the degree of M, 1 ). in 1870. He read law with Aan^n (i. Sayre and James IL Boylan, c»f Newark, and came to the bar as an attorney in February, 1875. Addison H. Hazki.tink, Newark, was born in Cherry Valley, N. W, April 21, 1868, was educated in Morristown, N. J., read law there with F. G. Burnham. and came to the bar as an attorney in June, 1880, and as a counselc)r in Febniar\-, 1RS4. He has had much cx])erience in searching land titles. Prank Bartlett, Newark, l)orn near Philadelphia, Pa., September 19, 1840, was admitted as an attorney in November, 1870, and as a counselor in February, 188G. Edward A. Muir, Morristown, Ijorn August 25, 1852, read law with Pitney & Youngblood, of Morristown, was graduated from Columbia Law School second in his class. May 1 •», 1875, and was admitted as an JOSEPH THOMPSON. } BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 497 attorney June 3, 1875, and later as a counselor. He was admitted to the United States District Court in July, 18T7, and practiced in Morris- town till his death, January 29, 1881. Scott German, Newark, is a son of Richard Drake and Louisa German, and was born near Lyons, Clinton county, Iowa, May 27, 1866. He was graduated from the Maquoketa (Iowa) High School in 1883, and from the Iowa State University in 1889; he read law with Hon. G. L. Johnson, of Maquoketa, Iowa, the Iowa State University, Hon. John L. Johnson, of Newark, N. J., and at Columbia Law vSchool. He was admitted as an attorney in l^^ebruary, 1892, and as a counselor in February, 1895. George H. Lambert, Newark, born in Wantage township, vSussex county, N. J., April 13, 1853, was educated at Mount Retirement Seminary near Deckertown and at the classical school of William Ran- kin in Mendham, N. J., and was admitted as an attorney in Februarv, 1880, and as a counselor in June, 189G. Frederick Scharringhausen, Newark, was admitted as an attorney in November, 1894. • Frederick E. Hodge, Newark, son of James and Margaret S. Hodge, was born in Newark, N. J., March 8, 1865. He attended the Newark Academ}^ and Columbia College, read law with Vice-Chancel- lor Frederic W. Stevens, of Newark, and at Columbia Law School; he became an attorney in November, 1892, and a counselor in June, 1896. Though having a general law practice, he is largely identified with railroad and trolley accident cases. John Scott Mahon, Hoboken, is a grandson of John Scott Mabon, a clergyman and principal of Erasmus Hall in Flatbush, L. I., and also a professor at Rutgers College, New Brunswick, where Rev. William V. V. Mabon, D. D., LL. D. , his son, and father of the subject of this sketch, was born. Dr. Mabon was superintendent of public schools and a member of the Board for the Equalization of Taxes of Hudson county and married Emma Deas, whose grandfather owned what is known as " Deas Point" on the Hudson River. Mr. Mabon was born at Grove parsonage in North Bergen, N. J., in 1856, studied under his father, read law with ex-Senator Brinkerhotf and at Columbia Law School and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1880, and as a coun- selor in June, 1883. He practiced in Jersey City till 1885, when he 41IS Tin .iri«lC!.\I. AND (MVII. IIISTOIIV (tK NKW JKKSKY. r llf;>"kcn vimi !i>rnjcii a iiariiicr.siui) wiiii Hun. Ai)c-i I. Suiilli, V, .;i cDnlimics. In 1S83 he published "The Searcher's Pocket Book," a work on the examination of land titles in Hudson county. He has been a member of the Hudson County Republican Committee and is the historian and one of the founders of the Columbia Club. Ai.BKRT P. CoNKir, Newark, born in Oranjje, N. J., December 10, 1829, was {graduated from Vale College in 1850, read law in Newark and was admitted in November, 1H53, as an attorney, and in Febru- ary, 18«»4, as a counselor. Since 1872 he has been associated in prac- tice with William Silas Whitehead. He was a member of the General Assembly in 1807 and is a special master in chancery. GK.oRtiE BiM.EK, Newark, was born in Ivnj^land, and was atlmiltcd to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June. 188!t. and as a counselor in June. 1892 Hknkv B. Cook, New Brunswick, was born November 1, 1800, in New Brunswick, N. J., where his {.grandfather, Samuel C. Cook, a Whi}.,^ served as collector and postmaster under tlie first President Harrison. His parents were William J. and Julia S. (Rhoades) Cook, of whom the former died in 1888. Mr. Cook was educated in the New Brunswick public schools, read law there with J. Kearny Rice, and was admitted to practice as an attorney in February, 1882, and as a counselor in June, 1885. He has made the practice of criminal law a specialty, and in this branch has won wide recognition. In August, 1889, Mr. Cook married Miss Minnie I*"lorance, a teacher in the public schools of New Brunswick, and the daughter of John and Julia Florance, of that city. She died Januarv ]'A. ISfH), leaving one child, Minnie, surviving. Charlks Ewing Green, Trenton, is a son of the late Henry W. Cireen, chief justice of tlie Supreme Court and chancellor of New Jersey, and was born in Trenton on the 9th of October, 1840. He was graduated from Princeton College in 1800, read law with the late Judge Caleb S. Green and with the late Judge Ivdward W, Scudder, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1803, and as a counselor in P'obruary, 1867. He was appointed chancery reporter by Chancellor Zabriskie in 1860 and held that position ten years. Judge Nixon ap- pointed him register in bankruptcy. Numerous trusts devolving upon him he has not of late years ibeen in active practice. He is a BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 40!) trustee of Princeton University and of Princeton Theological Sem- inary, and president of the Board of Trustees of the Lawrencevillc School, an institution founded by the residuary legatees of the late John C. Green, and in the development of which he has taken the largest and most active interest. In 1802 Princeton University con- ferred upon him the degree of LL.D. William Sebastian Stuhr, Hoboken, one of the foremost members of the Hudson county bar, was born in Williamsburg, N. Y., October 1, 1859, and at an early age settled in Hoboken, N. J., where he received his preliminary education, and where his father was for many years a busy factor in politics and public affairs. For three years he pursued his studies in a prominent institution in Germany. Returning to Amer- ica in 1874 he entered the law department of the New York University and was graduated therefrom with honor in 1879 as Bachelor of Laws. He read law in the offices of James W. Vroom, of Hoboken, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in November, 1880, and as a counselor in November, 1883. Mr. Stuhr has always practiced his profession in Hoboken. He soon came into prominence as an able and painstaking lawyer and rapidly rose to a leading position at the bar. His ability as an advocate in the trial of cases, his masterly presentation of cases before a court and jury, and his unquestioned integrity and scholarly attainments have won for him merited honor and wide recognition. He was corporation counsel of the city of Hoboken from 1883 to 1885 inclusive, and assistant coun- sel to the Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders in 1888. From the date of taking up his residence in Hoboken he has been active in the welfare of the city. He has always been a prominent Democrat, and for some time served as president of the Jeffersonian Democracy of Hudson County. In 1889 he received the Jeffersonian Democratic nomination for State Senator with Republican endorse- ment, and after one of the most exciting campaigns in the history of his county was declared defeated. Believing the result to have been brought about by unfair means he decided to make a contest, which ended in seating him in the Senate in May, 1890, just as the Legislature was about to adjourn. As a result of the testimony taken at that time more than fifty election officers of Hudson county were indicted by the grand jury, and of this number forty were tried and convicted. These were among the most flagrant and noted election frauds ever discovered and prosecuted in the State. .'.im THK UTiiriM. AND ciVII. IllST<'l:V < T NFIW JKUJ^KY. 11! Siulir, but not until he had made, on the Senate floor, one of the most brilliant oratorical defenses on record in New Jersey. On tl ■ "n he spoke (i>v al)«)Ut three hours in defense of his seat. It wa ;iiary 16, ISOl, iniinediately after the election of ollicers. When he bejjan the packed jjalleries attempted to interrupt him, but after five minutes every one remained silent and listened with the utmost attention to the end. The Senate chamber and galleries were crowded with the adherents of Mr. McDonald, his opponent, yet so lojjical and elocpient were Mr. Stuhr's remarks that he won their respect as well as that of his own friends. The vote was taken in silence, as no argument could be or was advanced to show that the action of the majority was just or constitutional. The Trenton Times characterized it as "The First Revolutionary Act," and said : *' It was unconstitutional, revolutionary, and entirely without prece- dent, and can only serve to inflict injury up. i;;<;, V. cSc A. M., of Hoboken, of the yuartette Club and Deut.scher Pioneer Verein of Jer- sey City, of the Jersey City Arion, and of the Alumni Association of BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 501 the law department of New York University. He is a larg-e real estate owner in Hoboken, and one of the leading;' citizens and public s])irited men of that municipality. In February, 188G, Mr. Stuhr was married to Miss Marietta Lindsay Miller, daughter of Thomas Miller, a prominent resident of Flushing-, L. I. John Sylvester Young, Newark, was born in Newark, N. J., De- cember 13, 1847; he attended the Newark Academy and was gradua- ted from the College of New Jersey in 18G7, and was admitted to the bar in February, 1872. Ai.PHEUS Strurle, Newark, born in Newton, N. J., March 5, 184:5, taught school, attended Columbia Law School, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1871, and as a counselor in November, 1874. He resides in Orange, Oscar Naundorff, Newark, was born in Berlin, Germany, August 11, 1847, read law in Newark, N. J., and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1877, and as a counselor in June, 1880. Oscar Keen, Newark, was born in Newark, N. J., March :■>, 1844, was graduated from the College of New Jersey in 1805, came to the bar as an attorney in June, 1868, and as a counselor in June, 1871, and be- gan practice in Newark in partnership with Thomas N. McCarter, with whom he was associated from July 1, 18G8, to July 1, 1882. In Janu- ary, 1883, he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Essex county. Edward L. Dobbins, Newark, born at Mount Holly, N. J., July 29, 1837, was educated at Pennington Seminary and admitted to the bar as an attorney in November, 1865, and as a counselor in November, 1868, and practiced law in Newark till 1872, when he became assistant secretary of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, with which he has since been connected, being now its secretary and treasurer. He was a member of the Board of Education of Newark from 1875 to 1880 and its president from 1870 to 1880. Joseph Warren Scott, New Brunswick, son of Dr. Moses and grand- son of John Scott, a native of Scotland, and senior physician and sur- geon of the General Army Hospital of the Middle District during the Revolutionary war, was graduated from Princeton in 1795, and first studied medicine with his father, but soon abandoned that profession for the ministry. He soon withdrew from this also and read law with ',(y> THK jrniciAL and civil history of nkw jkiisky. « n u. ill .riuK i ulinjjluiysc-n in New Brunswick, and was admitted as an attorney in 1801, and as a counselor in 1H(H, He practiced in New Brunswick from ISOl and died therein May, ISTl, ajjed ninety-three. He was a profound lawyer, an able barrister and counselor, and en- joyed an extensive practice. lie was prosecutor of the pleas of Mid- dlesex county but otherwise never held office. Although he largely retired from active practice about 1840, he de- fended, as late as 18G7, a criminal charged with murder and made a powerful argument against the validity of the indictment. lie was presidential elector in 1824, was a prominent member of the Order of the Cincinnati, entering the New Jersey Society in 1825, and in 18:{2 was elected assistant treasurer and in 1838 treasurer general of the Gen- eral Society, and in 1840 vice-president and in 1844 president of the State Society. One of the first official acts in 18<;8 of Rev. Dr. James McCosh as president of Princeton College was to confer upon Mr. Scott the degree of LL. D. He was a most accomplished scholar, well versed in Latin, and corresponded with his friends in that language until his death. In early life he was a member of the .staff of one of the governors with the rank of colonel. John S. Mit» uki.l, Rridgeton, one of the leading lawyers of South Jersey, was admitted to the bar as an attorney at the November term, 18*51, and as a counselor at the F^ebruary term, 18(»5. He has long been an eminent lawyer and holds appointments as master and exam- iner in chancery. John G. Mitchki.l, Rridgeton, a son of John S., was admitted in New Jersey as an attorney in February, ISOG. He is a master in chancery. James J. Cutler, Morristown, was admitted as an attorney in Ium\ 1871. He resides on a farm near Chester, N. J. Carman F. Randoi.fmi, Morristown, was admitted to the bar as an attorney in November, 187'.», and as a counselor in February, 188:i. JosiAH Harrison, Salem, son of Capt. Jonathan Harrison, was born in Essex county, in 1770. He was graduated from Princeton in 1705, read law with Alexander C. McWhorter, of Newark, and came to the bar as an attorney in 1800, and as a coimselor in 1803. He settled in Salem in 1801, and soon after married Lsabella, daughter of Dr. Sam- uel Dick. He built up a large and successful practice, was engaged in BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 503 the great John Sinnickson will case, entitled Harrison vs. Rowan, 3 Wash. C. C. R., 580, in 1816 and 1817. Soon afterward he moved to Camden, where he practiced law and also edited a newspaper. He was reporter of the Supreme Court of New Jersey from 1837 to 1843, published four volumes of the State Law Reports, and then returned to Salem and retired, indulged his literary tastes, and died September 26, 1865. Charles Roberts Snyder, Atlantic Highlands, born at New Mon- mouth, N. J., March 10, 1869, is a son of Rutsen S. and Elizabeth (Roberts) Snyder. He read law with Marcus B. Taylor, of Keyport, and Applegate & Hope, of Red Bank, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1892, and as a counselor in June, 1896. He is secretary of the Atlantic Highlands Saving Fund and Building and Loan Associa- tion, and is a prominent and active Republican. He married, June 6, 1894, Earline D., daughter of the late Capt. J. V. Spader, of Co. I, 29th N. J. Vols., and a granddaughter of ex Judge Spader, of Mat aw an. John Warn Herbert, Jr., Spotswood, a lineal descendant of Francis Herbert, who settled in Middletown, Monmouth county, in 1677. was born in Wickatunk, N. J., August 3, 1853; educated at Glenwood In- stitute at Matawan, and graduated from Rutgers College in 1872. He read law with Albert S. Cloke, of Jersey City, graduated from Colum- bia Law School, and was admitted to the New York bar in 1876, and admitted in New Jersey as an attorney in 1876, and as a counselor in June, 1879. He was appointed special master in chancery in 1886, and practiced in Jersey City till the fall of 1889. He married, No- vember 10, 1885, Olivia A., daughter of George W, Helme, the foun- der of Helmetta, N. J. EusEBEUs Walling Arrowsmith, Freehold, son of Thomas V. and Elizabeth (Walling) Arrowsmith, was born in Keyport, N. J., in 1843; his father was for fourteen years county clerk of Monmouth county. He read law with William H. Vredenburgh, of Freehold, and was ad mitted in November, 1874. He is a prominent criminal lawyer; in 1891-94 was counsel for the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Monmouth county; he married Mary A. Johnston, of Keyport, and their sons, Thomas V., of Long Branch, and E. W., jr., of Freehold, are both lawyers. -•.,.( Till IIDK'IAL AND CIVIL IIIST(»!1Y ( iK NKW .IKILSKT. Akkowsmiim. Jk., !• iccimiti, was aiininuu as an aii'T- nc., er, 1S'.>4. Th»' Arrowsmitii. Lony; Branch, came t«j the bar of this Slate as an attorney in February, IS'.K). John p. Vroom, Jersey City, was a son of exdovcrnor Peter D. Vroom. and a native of Soniervillc, N. J., and was j;raduated from Rutjjcrs College in 1840. Me was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in November, lS5'-», and as a counselor in November, 1S57, and practiced in Jersey City fiom 1S5«) until his death in 1805. He began his professional career in Trenton. lie received the ap- pointment of law rei)orter for the Supreme Court in 1804. James D. Carton, Asbury Park, son of John and Mary Carton, was lM)rn in Red Bank, May Pi, 1870, read law with Hawkins & Durand, of Asbury Park; he was graduated from the Albany Law School as LL. 15. in 1894, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1895. Ci.AUDK V. Cjuf.rin. Asbury Park, son of Samuel B. and Kmilie M. (Kale) Guerin, was born in Jersey City, Scjjtcmber 8, 1807, came to Asbury Park in 1881 with his father; he was graduated from the High School there in 1S8«], read law with Hawkins & Durand, and was ad- mitted as an attorney in Nfjvember, 1800; his specially is surrogate and probate court business and municipal law; he is an active Repub- lican, and a member of the Board of Education of Asbury Park. He married, October 18. is;t:;. Ruth, daughter of John V, N. De Hart, of Somerville. Hai.sted II. Wainwrh;ht, Manasquan, son of Halsted and Elizabeth (Bedle) Wainwright. was born in I'armingdale, N, J., educated at F'reehold Institute, read law with William H. Vredenburgh, of Free- hold, was admitted as an attorney in November, 1878, and as a coun- selor in November, 1881. He is a director of the Central National Bank of Freehold, and has been mayor and school trustee of Manas- quan. He married Isabella, daughter of William H. Nesbit, of New Market, Middlesex county. Warrkn Harukniikrgh, New Brunswick, was born in New Bruns- wick, N.J., April 25, 1827, a son of Cornelius L. and Mary H. (War- ren) and grandson of Jacob R. Hardenbergh, a lawyer of New Bruns- wick, and Mary M. Low, his wife. Cornelius L. was graduated from Rutgers College as B. A. in 1809 and M. A. in 1812; he was a prom- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 505 inent lawyer in New Brunswick and professor of law in Rutgers Col- lege, mayor of New Brunswick, president of the Bank of New Bruns- wick, and trustee of Rutgers College, from which he received the de- gree of LL.D. ; he died July 14, 18G0. Warren Ilardenbergh was educated at Rutgers College, read law with George Wood, of New York, and was admitted in October, 1848; he was school super- intendent of Middlesex county and two terms president of the Town Council. David Harvey, Jr., Asbury Park, son of Samuel and Lydia E. (Van Note) Harvey, was born in Oceanic, Monmouth coimty, July (i, 1853, and was educated in the district and private schools of Red Bank; he read law with Hon. William B. Lewis, of Jersey City, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1874. For three years he was in the office of Robert Allen, jr., of Red Bank, and since 1877 has practiced at Asbury Park, making a specialty of chancery suits and commercial law. He was admitted as a counselor in 1890, and is a special master in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner. He is an active Democrat, and was president of the Township Committee in 1887, and has been a member of the Board of Education since 181)2, and of the Common Council since 1803. He married, September 3, 187'.), Marie, daughter of Henry S. Des Anges, of Asbury Park. Schuyler B. Jackson, Newark, is a son of John P. and P^lizabeth (Wolcott) Jackson, and a descendant of Major Jackson, of New York, and of Oliver Wolcott, one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- pendence. He was born in Newark, N. J., and was educated at the Newark Academy, Yale University, Columbia Law wSchool, and Berlin University, and finished his law studies with Stone & Jackson, of New- ark. He was admitted as an attorney in November, 1874, and as a counselor in November, 1878, and is a special master in chancery and a vSupreme Court commissioner. He was alderman of Newark in 1880 and 1881, member and speaker of the Legislature in 1878 and 1879, and member of the State Board of Education and of the State Prison Commission in 1879 and 1880. In early life he was an active and prominent Republican, being the candidate of his party for mayor of Newark and surrogate of Essex county. He has been connected with such important litigation as the Meis and Shotwell will case; the Corbett, Koelhoffer, and Fletcher estates; and the case of Royal Trust Company vs. United States Credit LLL rA)6 THK JUniriAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NKW JKRSEY. System Company. Mr. Jackson comes of a family of lawyers, bein;.; related to John I*., sr.. John P., jr., and (Jen. Joseph C. Jackson, Anizi Armstrong, Asa Whitehead, and A. S. Hnbbell. He has con- tributed several notable articles to the daily press. He married An- geline, dauy:hler of Andrew H. and Kate T. Forbes, of San Francisco. Cal. Edwaki) Livingston I'kk k, Newark, is a brother of Rodman M. Price, jjovernor of New Jersey; a j^randson of Zachariah Price, a scout and private throuj^hout the Revolutionary war: a lineal descendant of a Welsh immij^rant to Connecticut, whose son. Samuel Price, set- tled in Sus.sex county, N. J., about 1700; and a son of Francis and Maria L. (Hart) Price, the former of whom was a jud^e of the Court of Errors and Appeals. Mr. Price was born in New York city Decem- ber 'i5, 1S44. received a private school education, read law with the late Chief Justice Joseph P. Bradley, and was admitted in New Jersey as an attorney in June, llSGG, and as a counself)r in February, 1ST'.>. He is also an attorney and counselor in the United States Circuit, Dis- trict, and Sui)reme Courts. Mr. Price is one of the best municipal lawyers in the State, and has been counsel for the townships of Harrison. West and South Oranj^e. and Millburn, the old Newark Aqueduct Board, and the Board of Street and Water Commissioners of that city. In A])ril 18G1, he enlisted as first lieutenant in the 74th N. Y. Inf., and served nearly four years, bein^ promoted ordnance officer in 180'^, major in July. lS(;-.>, and col onel of the 145th N. Y. Inf. in December, ISCri. He is an active Dem- ocratic leader, is chairman of the Essex County and State Democratic Committees, and on May 'iO, 180G. was appointed city counsel of New- ark. He is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution. HoRACK Cox Grick, Newark, is the eldest son of John Rook Gricc. who was the second son of John T. Grice, who came with his parents — John and Olive Grice — from Craford, England, to Belleville, N. J., in 1817. J«»hn died in 183I», John T. in 18«;8. and John R. in Decem- ber, 1880. The latter married Sarah Estelle Scott, of Hartford, Conn. Horace C. Grice, born in Newark, N. J., in 1871, was graduated as LL. B. from the New York Law School in June, 1893. continued his legal studies in Newark with Hon. John A. Miller, and was admitted as an attorney November 9, 1893, and as a counselor exactly three years later. He is an active Republican. BTOGRAPFHCAL REGISTER. 507 Jamks D. Cleaver, Newark, born in Scotch Plains, N. J., January' 20, 1820, was educated at the Ph'iinfield Seminar}-, read law in Newark with John Chetwood, and was admitted in July, 1847. He was for five years associate judge of the Essex Common Pleas, member of the New- ark Common Council from 1859 to to 1802 and its president in 1800, and elected to the New Jersey General Assembly in 18(i4and 1805, and during the same years was a member of the Newark Board of Education. Harry F. Barrell, Newark, was born in Warwick, Orange county, N. Y., December 6, 1858, and descended from a prominent military ancestry. His great grandfather, Joseph Barrell, fitted out a number of privateers during the Revolution, and was the chief owner of the "Columbia," the first American ship to circumnavigate the globe, and which discovered the Columbia River in Oregon. Several of his mother's ancestors were distinguished officers in the Revolutionary and other wars. Mr. Barrell is the son of Henry F. and Elizabeth (Wis- ner) Barrell, and was graduated from Columbia College as B. A. in 1882 and as M. A. in 1884, from the Columbia School of Political Sci- ence as Ph.D. in 1885, with membership in Phi Beta Kappa, and from Columbia Law wSchool the same year. He read law in Newark with Hon. John R, Emery, and was admitted as an attornc}- in June, 1889, and as a counselor in June, 1892. Frederick. Halsted Teese, Newark, was born October 21, 1823, in Newark, N. J., was graduated from Princeton College in 1843, and was admitted as an attorney in 1840 and as a counselor in 1849. He rapidly rose to the foremost rank as a lawyer, and achieved eminence in both professional and official life. In 1800 and 1801 he served in the Assembly, and during the latter year was speaker of the House. He was presiding judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Essex county from 1804 to 1872, when he resigned. In 1874 he was elected to Congress, and for more than twenty years he was the able counsel of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company of Newark. He was a member of the Sinking Fund Commission, a director of the National State Bank, and a trustee of the Public Library, all of Newark. He died very suddenly at the Hoffman House in New York city, January 7, 1894. Francis Elston Marsh, Newark, son of Elston and Eliza Marsh, was born November 2, 1845, in Plain field, N. J., w^as graduated from Princeton College in 1807, and read law with Caleb S. Titsworth, of bOS THK .ITDICIAL AND ClVIl, HISTORY oK NEW JERSEY. Newark, .mil .^imih cS: I'luhvard and Columbia Law School, of Now York city. He wa.s adniilled to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in Novcml>er, 1871, and as a coun.sclor in November, 1874. Mr. Marsh was a member of the Common Council of Plainfield for ten years, two of which he served as president; he still resides in that city. In ISC'.) he was admitted to the bar of New York, where he practiced until March, 1S71, when he came to Newark. September 30, 18T5, he mar- ried Elizabeth, dauj,^hter of Daniel K. and Mary (Corey) Stelle, of Jer- seysidc. 111. Louis A. ZiM.i.KK, Newark, son of Charles T. and Amalie Ziegler. was born in Newark, N. J., December 11«, 18<)1, received a private school education, and read law with his father and Caleb S. Titsworth and at Columbia Law School. He was admitted to the bar as an attorney in June, 188»;. Wii.i.iAM Sii.As Whhi;hi:.\i>, Newark, is the son of Hon, Asa White- head, a distinguished lawyer, and a j^randson of Silas Whitehead, and was born March :!. lS-2'.i, in Newark, N. J. He was j;raduated from Princeton College in 1S47, read law with his father, and was admitted as an attorney in July, ISoO, and as a counselor in February, 1854. Since 1872 he has been associated in practice with Albert P. Condit. Mr. Whitehead was surrogate of Essex county from 1859 to 18G4, and has long been a prominent Mason, having been for a time grand mas- ter of the Grand Lodge of New Jersey. J.sMK.s A. Dk.mpskv, Newark, son of John Dempsey, was born in Orange, N. J., October 13, 1857, read law with (iifford & Truesdell. and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1S8(), and as a counselor in June, 1884. He was a member of the Newark Common Council for four years and its president one year, city attorney for a time, and member of the Legislature in 1802. Frank Voioht, Newark, is a son of Frederick C. and Eva (Haberer) Vnight, both natives of Germany, and was born in Newark, N. J., Iciiruary 1, 18<;!». His father's grandfather and great-grandfather wen- both Hollanders, the latter being Captain Von Voight, of the Holland navy in the seventeenth century. Mr. V(nght received a public school education, read law in Newark with Paul N. Roder, and was graduated with the degree of LL. H. fnmi the law department of the University of the City of New York in 1893. He was admitted as an attorney in November, 1893, and as a counselor in November, 189('». BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 509 Thomas C. Provost, Newark, is a son of Jonathan and Paulina Provost, and a great g-randson of David Provost, who was for a time in the British army, but who joined the Continental forces from Morris county on the breaking out of the war of the Revolution. Mr. Provost was born in Caldwell, N. J., March 5, 1849, was graduated from Prince- ton College in 1870, read law with John W. Taylor, of Newark, and received the degree of LL.B. from Harvard Law School on graduation in 1872. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in June, 1873, and as a counselor in June, 1882, and since 1885 has been a member of the law firm of De Witt & Provost, of Newark. He re- sides in Caldwell. Alexander Grant, Newark, was admitted as an attorney in No- vember, 1882, and as a counselor at the same term in 1885. He is president of the Lawyers' Club of Newark. George F. Tuttle, Newark, is a lineal descendant of William and Elizabeth Tuttle, who came from England to New Haven, Conn., in 1635. He was born December 11, 1823, in Montclair, N. J., received an academic education, read law in Newark with John P. Jackson, sr., and was admitted as an attorney in April, 1849, and as a counselor in November, 1852. For several years he was associated in practice with his preceptor. He became judge of the First District Court of New- ark in 1873 and served five years. Judge Tuttle is a special master in chancery, an able mathematician, and has often been called upon to examine financial institutions. Charles M. Myers, Newark, was admitted as an attorney in June; 1892, and as a counselor in June, 1895. He is secretary of the Law- yers' Club and of the Bar Association of Newark. Jay Ten Eyck, Newark, son of Abraham and Hannah G. Ten Eyck, was born in Cohoes, N. Y., November 18, 1804, received a public and high school education, and read law in Newark with Coult & Howell, with whom he spent four years as a student and eight years as a mem- ber of the firm. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attor- ney in November, 1888, and as a counselor in November, 189L June 20, 1894, he married Henrietta, daughter of Rev. L. C. and Caroline (Slaughter) Miller, of Newark, N. J. Alfred F. Stevens, Newark, born August 29, 1800, in Iloboken, N. J., is a son of James A. and Julia I. (Beasley) Stevens, and was 510 THE JUDICIAL AND C'lVlI, HISTOKV uF NKW JKRSEY. cducatfil at St. Paul's School in C'oiicortl, N, II. He read law with his brother, Frederic \V. Stevcn.s. now vice-chancellor, and was ad- mitted as an attorney in February, ISl*.*) lie resides in Oran^je, N. J. John H. MiCrackkn, Newark, is of Scotch ajul (Juaker extraction. lie is a son «)f John and Mary (Batson) Mct'racken, was born Octo- ber 6, 1841, at Schooley's Mountain, N. J,, and was educated at Hackettstown and at the Allentown ( Ta. ) Seminary and Academy. He was g^raduated from the Albany Law School and admitted to the New York bar in 1871, and the same year was admitted to the bar of Kansas. Returning to New Jersey in ]S7:5 he acted as managing; clerk for Stone (.V Jackson, of Newaik, and became an att(Mney in June, 1874, and a counselor in February, 1878. In 18G9 he married Selina A., eldest daughter of Charles Dowden, of Newark. John H. O'Connor, Newark, was admitted as an attorney in June, 18^2, and as a counselor in I'Y'bruary, ISO"). He is clerk of the Second District Court of the city of Newark. Edward Meekkr Wood, Elizabetlf, is the son of William Nelson and Mary Oibbons Spencer Wood, a great-j:^randson of Jonathan Dayton, and a great great-j^randson of Elias Dayton, and was bf)rn in Morris- town, N. J., March 1, 1853. He was educated at Morris Academy and Dr. Ro.sea's military schtH^l in Summit, N. J , read law in Eliza- beth with J. Augustus Fay, and was admitted to the bar in November, 1878. He was a member of the Elizabeth City Council for four years and county collector of Union county f(jr eight years. He married Sarah B., daughter of J. Augustus and Catherine (Baxter) Farlin. William Burnkt Kinnev, Newark, son of Thomas T. and Estelle (Condit) Kinney, was born in Newark, N. j.. April 30, 1872, was graduated from Princeton College in 18'.t4, read law with McCarter, Williamson & McCarter, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 181X;. Wii I.I AM C. Nicoi,!,, Newark, is descended from John Nicoll, of Islip, I'ngland, whose two sons came to Long Island about l(!2r). His Ajuerican ancestor was Matthias Nicoll, one of these two immigrants. On his mother's side he descends from General Deering, of Revolution- ary fame. Mr. Nicoll is a son of Charles H. and Catharine (Crue) Nicoll, and was born January 25, 1872, in Newark, N. J., where he attended the High School. He was graduated from Columbia Law School, read law with Joseph A. Beecher and Crane & Knight, of Newark, and was admitted as .-m attf)rney in November, lS!t4 BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 511 Charles J. Silvers, Newark, son of Randolph G. and Matilda (Os- born) vSilvers, was born at Scotch Plains, N. J., November 5, 1840, at- tended the Scotch Plains Academy, read law in Newark with Frederick H. Pilch and Hon. George F. Tiittle, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1872. He was a searcher in the Essex county register's office for about fifteen years, and has made a specialty of pension claims and real estate examinations. He married a daughter of Joseph Belcher, of Irvington, N. J. Charles Bried, Newark, son of Adrian and Elizabeth Bried, was born at Deidesheim, Bavaria, March 31, 1842, was graduated from Columbia College in 1875, read law in Newark with Corra N. Drake and George C. Cowart, and was admitted as an attorney in 1875 and as a counselor in 1878. He married Julia A., daughter of John and Sarah Lyon, of Newark, JosiAH J. Brown, Newark, is a descendant of John Brown, one of the first settlers of Newark in 16G6, and a great-grandson of Daniel Brown, a lieutenant in the Revolution. He is a son of Daniel B. and Elizabeth (Johnson) Brown, was born in Newark, N, J., August 20, 1830, and was graduated from Rutgers College in 1860. He first studied for the ministry, graduating froni, Union Theological Seminary in 1868, and engaged in mission work. From 1872 to 1883 he was en- gaged in the book business in Newark, where he read law, being ad- mitted as an attorney in June, 1888. He is secretary of the Essex County Bible Society. In 1868 he married Mary E. Wilcox, of New Brunswick. Bernard wS. Capen, Newark, son of Frederick W. and Martha Louisa Capen, was born March 21, 1870, in Bloomfield, N. J., where he resides, and where he received a private and high school education. He read law in Newark with Halsey M. Barrett and Whitehead & Condit, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1893. Walter Personette Lindslev, Newark, son of Morris B. and Vir- ginia C. (Personette) Lindsley, was born in Newark, N. J,, December 6, 1867 The Lindsley s came originally from England, and in 1666 removed to Newark from Branford, Conn. The Personettes were Huguenots, and fled from France to Holland and thence to America. Mr. Lindsley was educated at the Caldwell High School, the Newark Academy, and the New York University Law School, continued his .•il-' TflK .n'I>I('I\I, ANlt ("IVII- IIISTOFiV OF NKW JKRSP:y. Ii-^.n >iiu;!iN Willi 1 icvlcrick 11. I'ikli ami Frctlcric Adams in Newark, ami was admitted as an attorney in June, 18I»3. Under the Harrison administration he was postmaster of Caldwell, N. J., where he resides. June 5, 18114, he married Lydia P., daiij^hter of Captain Joseph Talma. «>f Monticello. Fla. 1'kk< V Jai Ks<)N, Newark and New York city, was admitted as an attorney in June, IS'.i',*. (»Koki;K M. Tni^s, Newark, of Hollaiul (.lescent, is the son t>{ Charles M. and Marjjaret A. (\'an Why) Titns, and was horn in Ilackettstown, N. J., September 1'^, 1S5T. His father and ^grandfather were prom- inent tanners, and the former's brother, JohnsKjn Titus, was lon;^ superintendent of the Morris Canal. Mr. Titus was educated at the Centenary Collegiate Institute in Hackettstown, read law there with Haniel B. Harvey and in Newark with A. 2, he has followed his profession in New- ark. He resides in East Orange. April 11, issit, he married Anna, daughter af Joshua S. Holbert, of Chemung, N. V. Omvkk H. Pkrrv, Newark, son of Oliver H. and Maria A. D. (Mar- tin) Perry, was born in Belleville, N. J., read law in Newark with Cinild & Lum, and came to the bar as an attorney in November, 18T3. He has made a specialty of real estate law and titles. He has been a member of the Belleville lioard of Education since 1881 and township counsel since 18S4, and for three years served as a freeholder. In 1874 he married Helen T., daughter of John j. and Adelia Small, of New- ark, N. J. Charles Addison Rathi-.un, son of Amos C. and Phebe A. Rathbun, was born in Madison, N. J., January 7, 1867, read law with Hon, J. ^^/t^-O-t^^^^i^^ ^-u^(^c^ ^ BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. Tilii B. Vreeland, of Morristown, with John O. H. Pitney, of Newark, and at the Cohimbia Law School, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1889, and as a counselor in June, 1892. He resides in Madison. Alfred F. Skinner, Newark, son of Daniel M. and Mary C. (Squier) Skinner, was born in Newark, N. J., vSeptember 24, 1SG2, and was graduated from Rutgers College in 1883. He was admitted as an attorney in November, 1886, and as a counselor in November, 1891. He resides in Nutley, N. J. Edward Dickinson Duffield, Newark, is a son of John Thomas and Sarah Elizabeth (Green) Duffield, a nephew of Hon. Edward T. Green, a grandson of George S. Green (brother of Chief Justice Henry W. ), and a descendant of Jonathan Dickinson, one of the found- ers and the first president of Princeton University, from which Mr, Duffield was graduated in 1892. He was born in Princeton, N. J., March 3, 1871, read law with Hon. F. W. Stevens and John O. H. Pit- ney, of Newark, and was graduated from the New York Law School, ciini laude, in June, 1894. He came to the New Jersey bar as an attor- ney in February, 1894. Samuel E. Ayers, Newark, son of Ezra and Mary A. Ayers, was born in Rahway, N. J., April 22, 1858, and was graduated from Colum- bia College in 1885, He read law in Newark with Robert jolm Castle, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar in June, 1885, as an attorney. David Kay, Jr,, was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in February, 1888. Willi Aisi M. Brown, Newark, son of Albert D. and Vrebona Brown, was born in Woodbridge, N. J., received his education at Columbia College, and read law with Hon. Benjamin A. Vail, of Rahway. He was admitted to the New York bar in 1887 and to the bar of New Jersey in 1891. William Henry Conover, Newark, was born March 9, 1849, in New York city, and is a son of William Williams Conover and Mary Eliza David, his wife. His father's ancestors were Holland Dutch. He was graduated from Columbia College in 1871, and from the Law School of Union University at Schenectady, N. Y., in 1876, being admitted to the New York bar in the same year. He read law with Samuel and James Morrow, and was admitted in this State in November, 1877. MMM .'.II TilK JCDK'IAI. AND (MVII. HlST()i:V I:V i >K NKW .IKIISKY. t: ■ :u!):.i L;i\v >>. iioni in 1S1K5; he was ;niiiiUU(i ;is an .illDrnev ill N !, 18U3. WiNFiKi.D Scott Banks Pakkkr, L, ISGl, was educated at the Freehold Institute and Long Branch Hijjh School, and read law with Wilbur A. Ileisley and John K. Lanning. He was j^^-aduated fnjui the law department of the University of the City of New York, and was admitted as an attor- ney in February. ISSS, and as a counselor in February, 1894. Edwin Bikkck Loncstreei, Manascjuan, was born in Manasquan, X. J., June 12, 1804, being a son of Andrew J. and Anna M. (Clark) Longstreet, and was graduated from the Freehold Institute in 188(1. He read law with H. H. Wainwright, of Manasquan, and was admit- ted to the bar in February, 181);}. He has been city clerk of Manas- tpian for several years and counsel of Wall township since 181)3. Cjeoroe Henry Hewitt, Clayton, son of George C. and Abigail A. Hewitt, was born in Glassboro, N. J., October 28, 1853, was educated at Pennington Seminary, and read law with Samuel II. Gray, of Cam- den. He was admitted as an attorney in Xovemt)cr, 187(1, and in politics has been an active Republican. Chari.es E. S. Thorn, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., December 1, 185T, is the son of Stephen S. and Angelinc (Stewart) Thorn ; a grandson on his mother's side of Edward Stewart, grand master of the Grand Lodge of Masons of this State from 1854 to 18(JG; and a great- grandson of Charles Stewart, of Sussex county, a colonel on Washing- ton's staff during the Revolutic;nary war. Mr. Thorn was graduated from Newark High School in 187»), read law in his native city with Teese & Kirkpatrick, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in November, 1880, arid as a counselor in November, 1883. He was clerk of the Second District Court of Newark about nine years. In 1889 he married Minnie Hyde Potter, daughter of Frank M. Potter, of Newark, N. J. Carlton Godfrey, Atlantic City, .son of Samuel and Martha (Carson) Godfrey, was born at Beesley's Point, Cape May county, N. J., Janu- ary 13, 1865, and received a public school education. He read law with James B. Nixon of Atlantic City, and was admitted to the bar in November, 1889. Since then he ha.s successfully practiced his profes- BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 517 sion in Atlantic City, and since 189-4 has had as a partner his cousin, Burrows C. Godfrey, whose sketch appears on a later page of this work. Mr. Godfrey has been tax collector of Atlantic City since tlie spring- of 1893, and is also a member of the Board of Education. In October, 1893, he married Annie M. Stokes of Freehold, N. J. Daniel B. Harvey, Hackettstown, son of William Harvey, is of English descent, and was born in 1824 in Lebanon, N. H. His family have been identified with that State for several generations. He pre- pared for college at Royalton, Vt. , was graduated at Dartmouth in 1854, had charge of the Pembrook (N. H.) Academy for nearly two years and was later principal of the department of mathematics in the Female Synodical College at Griffin, Ga. , and still later in Marshall Col- lege of the same place. He was graduated from the Albany (N. Y. ) Law School in 18G2, came to Hackettstown, N. J., in 1863, and was admitted in this State as an attorney in November, 1863, and as a counselor in Feb- ruary, 1867. He has always practiced in Hackettstown and for many years has been one of the recognized leaders of the Warren county bar. He has served as mayor and as a member of the Board of Education of Hackettstown, is a member and has been a trustee of the Presbyterian church of that place, and is a Royal Arch Mason. He is a special master in chancery. In 1869 he married Miss Sarah Crate, of Hack- ettstown, and they have one son, William D. B. Joseph A. Beecher, Newark, is a member of the celebrated Beecher family of Connecticut, to which the late Henry Ward Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe belonged. Joseph Beecher, of Wolcott, Conn., his great-grandfather, was a soldier in the French and Indian war and in the war of the Revolution; he held commissions as lieutenant from Governor Jonathan Trumbull, dated March 21, 1777, and March 30, 1778, which are now in Counselor Beecher's possession. His grand- father, John Beecher, was a cousin of Rev. Dr. Lyman Beecher (father of Henry Ward Beecher), whose second wife was Roxana Foote. His father was Henry Beecher, who married Harriet Barnes, a daughter of the noted Abolitionist, Philo Barnes, of Southington, Conn.; she is a cousin of Rev. Dr. Albert Barnes, author of "Barnes's Notes on the Gospels." Roxana Foote and Harriet Barnes were closely related by blood. The Footes and the Blackstones (to whom Harriet Barnes was also related) came from Bramford, Conn., and were among the first settlers of Newark, N. J. 61S THK JUDICIAL AND CIV\L lIISToKY OK NKW JERSEY j-.-^jii A. Hecchcr was born in W'olcotl, C'onn., April 15, 1842, and received a public and hi^h school education. Altheajjeof eighteen he entered the office of the Trait Manufacturing Conii)any, manufac- turers of ivory goods, of Mcriden, Conn. Two years later he became principal of one of the departments of Packard's New York Bryant & Stratton's Business College, and soon afterward was advanced to the position of principal of the Bryant & Straiten Business College of Boston, where he remained for a year; he then purchased the college of that name at Trenton, X. J., and while there began, in connection therewith, a monthly paper, which in a year became " Beecher's Mag- azine." He began to write for the newspapers at the age of twenty, and successfully pu)>lished The State Cajntal, in connection with his magazine, until 187*2, when he sold them and went to Norfolk, Va., for his health. His health recovered, he came to Newark, and edited and published the Newark Daily Press, an independent Democratic afternoon paper, which in 1ST8 he changed to a county weekly under the name of the Essex County Press. He had studied law in Trenton with the present Vice-Chancellor Reed, and in 1870 he relinquished journalism, spent two years in preparation for active practice, was graduated from Columbia Law School in 1881, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in November, 1882, and as a coun- selor in November, 1885. Since 1882 Mr. Beecher has been eminently successful in the practice of his profession in Newark, and has tried cases in all jjarts of the State. He has been for fifteen years lecturer on ci> -i ihe city ami Slate, assistinj^ at an early date in orjjani/.inj^ the Mount Pleasant Cenietery Associa- tion, the Firemen's Insurance Comi)any, and the Newark Library. The latter had its birth in his office, and he also wrote its charter. In 1S4»;-4S he served in the Lej;islaturc, and in IST:{ was apj)ointed by the governor one of the commissioners to revise the constitution of the Slate. He was also deeply interested in furthering.,' the cause of edu- cation, being for years one of the .school committee and a trustee of the Newark Academy. He was a leadinj^ member of the First Presby- terian church of Newark and for fifteen years jiresidcnt of its Hoard of Trustees. Mr. Ilubbell remained in active practice until about 18H0, after which he lived mainly a retired life. He enjoyed the respect and confidence of the entire community. He was a wise counselor, a judicious ad- viser, a safe administrator of the affairs of his clients. Among the crowning elements of his nature were his uncommon good sense, his ripe judjiment, and above all. his love of truth, his great integrity, his entire honesty. He was wliat one might call an all rounded man, a man of conviction, and fearless in the expression of his conviction and in following the impulse of his heart and mind, which taught him exactly where lay the ])ath of duty. He was capable of taking a case submitted to him, examining it thorouj^hly on all its sides, and giving a ct)rrect decision upon it. In appearance and presence Mr. IIul)bell was a rare specimen of the courtly gentleman of the old school. Never in public nor private did he forget those exquisite courtesies which mark good birth and breed- ing. Modest, and yet self -respecting, he held his opinions firmly, and always gave abundant proof of study and acquaintance with every important event, whether in church or state. His wife died in ISSO, He died April 18, 1891, being at that time the oldest member of the Newark bar. JosKi'H PiiiLo Bradley, Newark, was a lineal descendant of Francis Bradley, who settled in Connecticut, first at lirandford, near New Haven, and, in lOCiO, at Fairfield, who married Ruth, daughter of John Barlow, and died in IfJSO. John Bradley, the eldest son of Francis, had a son Joseph, born 1701, who, in l7"-i4, married Olive, daughter of Samuel Hubbell, jr. Their son, Joseph Bradley, married Martha Bates, and, in ITtU, moved to Albany county, N. V., settling on the I BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. f/21 somewhat famous Helderberg Mountain, where the historic anti-rent riots occurred in after years. This second Josepli had a son, Joseph Bradley. 3d, who married Mary Wheeler, and their son, Philo, and his wife, Mercy Gardiner, were the parents of the subject of this memoir, Joseph P. Bradley was born on a farm in Berne, Albany county, N. Y., March 14, 181 o, and received only a common school education. Being the eldest in a family of twelve children he was early put to work, and from almost childhood divided his attention between the farm and the schools of the neighborhood. When fifteen he began teaching, by which occupation he supported himself while preparing for college. He early manifested the true instincts of a scholar and became especially proficient in mathematics. This last feature in his mental make up was the crowning characteristic of his long and eventful life. He was graduated from Rutgers College with honor, in 18;3(), having, during his collegiate course, conducted an academical school at Millstone, N. J. Shortly afterward he began the study of law with Archer Gifford, then the collector of customs at Newark, and also acted as that gentleman's inspector. He was admitted to the bar in 1839, commenced active practice in Newark, and for a lime was also the legislative correspondent of the Newark Daily Advertiser. He soon rose to prominence as a lawyer and advocate, and became coun- sel and afterward a director of the Camden and Amboy Railroad Com- pany and later the leading counsel and an influential director of the United Canal and Railway Company of New Jersey. These positions, combined with his great natural ability, gave him a large, varied, and lucrative practice, and within a few years he was recognized as one of the most eminent lawyers of the State. There were few cases of im- portance in which he did not appear. In politics he was first a Whig, and later a Rejiublican. In 1858 Governor Newell nominated him successively with five others to the State Senate for the office of chancellor, and, in 1802, he was a candi- date for Congress. On March 21, 1870, President Grant appointed him an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, to suc- ceed John A. Campbell, of Alabama, who had resigned in 18(;i, the place having been vacant for nine years. Justice Bradley was assigned to the Southern circuit, comprising Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mis- sissippi, Louisiana, and Texas, and was the only Northerner who had filled that post. In the face of great obstacles he entered ujion his long and honorable judicial career, and made one of the most conspicuous NNN '..'•-' THK JUDICIAL AND CIVIL lilSTOIiY OF NKW JKKSEY. records in the history of our Federal courts. He was not only placed in a section where Federal law had for years been odious, but in a posi- tion which re(|uired a knowlcdj^e «)f the civil law of Louisiana, the semi-Spanish law of Texas, and the law of admiralty jurisdiction, as well as a thorough understandinjj of common and equity legal ])rin- ciples. Justice Bradley had beccmie learned in the latter in New Jer- sey; with characteristic energy he applied himself to the former and soon mastered all the principles involved in these various codes. Ik- met the task most completely and satisfactorily, and in Louisiana and Texas was especially admired. Justice Hradley took part in the settlement of two of ilie most dis- turbing (juestions which ever agitated the people of the country; one, the constitutionality of the law of Congress making Treasury notes legal tender. This had been before the Supreme Court for argument and counsel had been heard; it was again re argued before a full bench and Bradley delivered the opinion. The other was the controversy de- cided by the Electoral Commission of 1S77, of which he was made a member by Congress, and which seated R. B. Hayes in the presiden tial chair. The part he took in rendering opinions on these (juestions has been the subject of considerable adverse comment, but it has since become an established and recognized fact that he acted from the high- est and purest motives, and could not, in the face of the evidence sub- mitted, have done (otherwise than he did. Subsecpient histt^ry has en- tirely vindicated his opinions and given him that credit which was justly his due. He was one of the found£.ti(jn members, an organizer, and the firsi recording secretary of the New Jersey Historical Society, and con- tributed several papers to its publicatic^ns, taking an active interest in it until his death. He was not of high stature, nor remarkable for personal presence, but his countenance expressed habitual thought. He was genial, unassuming, kind hearted, and secretly charitable. HLs love of kindred was intense. He was a great mathematician, a great linguist, a great Bible scholar, a great jurist and judge, of dis tinguished scholarship in history, science, and art, and renowned in everything for thoroughness and exactitude. He honored liis native State and the State of his adoption, and he honored still more the New Jersey bar. Justice Bradley was married October 2:5, 1844, to Mary, youngest daughter of Chief Justice Hornblower, of this State. Their children BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 52:5 were Mary Burnet, Caroline, Joseph Hornblower and IlarricUc (both deceased), William H. (now dead), Charles, and Joseph Richard (also deceased). Justice Bradley died Januar}' 2'i, 181)3. William P. Fennell, Morristown and Newark, was a son of Patrick and Mary (Galvin) Fennell, and was born in Morristown, N. J., where he pursued his legal studies with Pitney & Youngblood. He was licensed in 1883, and practiced in Newark, being- connected with the office of Frederick G. Burnham, and later in Morristown, where he died in lSi)2, aged thirty- two. Mr. Fennell was a young man of more than ordinary ability and gave promise of becomi'ng a first-rate lawyer. He was careful and exact. He was prevented by an insidious disease from engaging largely in his profession. For years he struggled manfully against this disea.se which was sapping his physical powers, but was at last obliged to suc- cumb. Of pleasant and agreeable manners he made many friends who cherish his memory with great affection. Asa Whitehead, Newark, was descended from one of the oldest families of Morris county, where his ancestors had lived for three gen- erations. The genealogical descent of his branch is somewhat uncer- tain, though it is supposed that from New England they moved into New Jersey during the early history of the colony. They were a God- fearing people, possessed of strong common sense, excellent judgment, indefatigable industry, unswerving honesty, and strict integrity, all of which Asa inherited in unstinted measure. His father, Silas Whitehead, was long an influential leader in town- ship, county, and vState affairs, serving as a member of the Legislature from Essex county in 1804, 1806, 1807, and 1809, and, as clerk of the county of Essex, by appointment of the Legislature, from 1811 until his death in 1819, being then in his second term; he lived and died in the house on Clinton Avenue, Newark, afterward occupied by Dr. Samuel Hayes, and which had been built by Major Samuel Hayes of Revolutionary fame. Asa Whitehead was the youngest son of a large family of children, and was born in Livingston, Essex county, N. J., in 1793. His early life was spent upon his father's farm. He read law in Newark with Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen and received his license to practice in 1818. In 1819 he was appointed clerk of Essex county, a vacancy having occurred in the office by the death of his father, and filled the •.•:>i rilK .iri.IciM. .\NI> civil. IllSTdKV "K NKW .IKFtSKV. jjuiilruii Willi ciuiiicni saUsi.KiK'i) luiui i ^■.".'. NViicii pariy victory in- stnllcil his political opponent, Klias \'an Arsdale, jr., as his successor. Mr. Whitehead then bej^an the active practice of his profession in Newark, and soon obtained a j^ood reputation as an able counselor and advocate. His experience as county clerk jiroved of great benefit to him and he rapidly won a large clientage. His great integrity, his sound common sense, his excellent judgnunt, his masterful knowledge of the principles of the law, his untiring industry, antl his unflagging zeal for the interests t)f his clients soon placed liim in the foremost rank of the lawyers of his day. He was a man of diflidence, and at the outset of his career, was not fully lussurcd of his own powers; but he knew that he had capacity, and he soon learned that he could make himself known and felt. His practice embraced all kinds, civil and criminal, but he was most at home in the Ivpiity Court. He was a powerful advocate before juries, a fact which caused him to be called by some the " sledge hammer." As a counselor he was unrivaled. He held several local oflices, being the first president of the Common Council of the City of Newark in ls;;o and serving in the same capacity in IS:i7, 1840, 1841, and KS42. He was a member of the New Jersey (Jeneral Assembly in 1S:J3-:J4 and State senator from Essex c<»unty from 1851 to 1854. As a legislator he was absolutely honest, even to the ])oint of refusing free tickets from railroad companies, whose cus- tom it was to give passes to senators and assemblymen. While in the Senate he was instrumental in securing the introduction and passage of an act providing for the free transportation by railroad corporations of members of the Legislature and certain State officials, the provision being made afterwards a part of their charters. He was a prominent Whig, and in 1840 was chairman of the New Jersey delegation to the National Whig convention at Harrisburg. He was an exemplary Christian, a member of the South Park Presbyterian church of New- ark, and long a member and president of its Hoard of Trustees. He died in May, 18«J0, universally regretted and esteemed. His first wife was the youngest daughter of Hon. William S. Pcn- niiigt<»n, and of their six children two died in infancy; the others were William Silas, Aaron Pennington, and Asa jr., all lawyers, and Ira Condit, M. D. His second wife was also a daughter f)f Judge Pen- nington. For his third wife he married a daughter of (lovernor Wol- cott, of Connecticut, and they had one son, Frederick Wolcf)tt. Mr. Whitehead was built in one of nature's noblest moulds, being BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER, 525 over six feet high and admirably proporti, 1S(»7, he married Kate L., daujjhter of Moses A. and Catharine A. Hrook- field, of Morristown, X. J., and llicy have two children: Alfred H. and Marion I. RoBKRT Adkain, New P.runswick. born in New P.runswick, N. J., December 17, 1853, is the son of Hon. (iainclt Pxiwditch Adrain, a pn>minent lawyer of that city,a member of the 3/)th and :J«;th Conf^jre.s.ses, and an alumnus of Rut}:;fers College. He is a grandson of Dr. Robert Adrain, a native of Carrickfcrgus, Ireland, and the well knf)wn mathe- matician of Rutgers and Colum1)ia Colleges, and the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Adrain was graduated from Rutgers College in 1873, read law with his father, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in June, 1870, and as a counselor in June, 1885. A staunch Democrat, he was elected State senator from Middlesex county in 18H8 and re-elected in 1891, and was chosen i)resident of the Senate in 1891, 1892 and 1893. In January, 1890, he was appointed by Governor Abbett on the latter's {personal staff with rank of colonel. He has also served as prr>sccutf)r of the Middlesex Picas. December 25, 1884, Colonel Adrain was married to Miss Jennie, daughter of William Rowland, of New York city. RtciiAkw M. J. Smiim, Hightstown, was born in Hightstown, N. J., August 31, 1847, and is the son of Rescarrick M. Smith, who was treas- urer of the State of New Jersey for fifteen successive years until his death in January, 1805. His mother was Abigail Hayles Mount. Mr. Smith was graduated from Princeton College in isr.r,, read law in Tren- ton with the late Hon. Edward W. Scudder and with n<»n. Alfred BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 527 Reed, and was admitted there as an attorney in June, 1800, and as a counselor in November, 1872. He is also a special master and exam- iner in chancery, and a Supreme Court commissioner. He practiced in Hoboken from 1860 to 1874, when he removed to Hig-htstown, Mercer county, where he has since resided, and where for many years he has been borough solicitor. In 1892 he was the Democratic candidate for county clerk, being defeated by lOG votes. He has been the editor and publisher of the Hightstown Independent since 1870. Fergus Ali.en Dennis, Princeton, is a son of Joseph Bullock and Cornelia Blackwell (Snook) Dennis, and was born August 1, 1857, in Princeton, N. J., where he has always resided, and where he received his preliminary education, which he finished with a special course at Princeton College, He also read law there in the office of the late Hon. William J. Gibby, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1880, and as a counselor in June, 1805. Mr. Dennis has been engaged in the general practice of his profession in Princeton since 1880, and since 1892 has served as solicitor of that borough. In April, 1892, and again 1897 he was elected a member of the Princeton Board of Education for full term of five years each. For three years he was also townsliip attorney. Mr. Dennis also studied for the ministry, and was ordained a deacon in the M. E. church at the annual Conference in Trenton and an elder at the annual Conference in Mount Holl)-, and since May, 1888, has been the pastor of the M, E. church in Kingston, Somerset county. June 20, 1881, he was married near Princeton, N. J., to Anna P., daughter of Wilson H. and Lucy E. Applegate, Charles Chauncey Hommann, Perth Amboy, son of Rev. William and Fidelia F, Hommann, was born at Green Bay, Wis., May 21, 1851, was educated at Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., and read law with Charles Morgan, of South Amboy, N. J. He was admitted to the bar of this State at Trenton as an attorney in November, 1880, and as a counselor in February, 1886, and since the former year has been in active and successful practice in Perth Amboy, where he was married in 1886 to Bessie A. E., daughter of Gardiner and Ann B. (Elliott) Higgins, formerly of Brooklyn, N. Y. James Clarence Conovkr, Freehold, is a lineal descendant of Wool- fert Garrettson Van Covenhoven, who came to this country in 1630, from Amoorsfort, Holland, with his three sons, Garret, Peter and Ja- S2.H THK jrniciAL and civil history ok NKW JKRSKY". cob. The latter settled in Monmouth county. N. J., prior to the year 17U0. Garret Conovcr, of Klatlands, L. 1., married Aeltye Cool (now spelled Cole), and their son William, born there in Ifi.'Jfj, married Mellie lirinkcrhotT in IGIIO, and had four children. Peter Conover, son of William, was born in IGTl, married Patience I)aws, and one of their sons, Elias. born 1700, died 1751, was an ensi^^n in the Hritish army under Kinjj (»e«)rj;e Third. John Conover, son of IClias, was born in 1734, and in 175;{ married Eleanor WyckolT. Their .son, Elias, was a colonel in the Revolution, and by his wife, Anna Fisk, had a son John E., born in 178'), who was the ^grandfather oi the subject of this sketch. John E. Conover was graduated from Princeton College in 1800 and read law with John Wells of New York city, but owing to ill health never practiced. He finally settled on "Terrace Hills," the old Con- over homestead, at Marlboro, Monmouth county, where he owned :K)0 acres of land. He died April 18, 18:33. In 181") he married Mariana Haight, William H. Conover, their son and the father of James Clar- ence, was born at Marlboro, October 19, 181 f., and resided in Freehold from 1851 until his death in 18T7. He was a prominent Democrat; was collector of Monmouth county and twice elected to the New Jersey Assembly; and was a director of the Freehold Banking Company and the Freehold and Jamesburg Railroad Company and a trustee of the Freehold Institute. October 10, 18:{8, he married Mary, daughter of Rev. James Otterson, who died in 18(»4. They had five children : Will- iam H., jr., who became jjrosecutor of the pleas and State senator and died in 1878; Henry, decea.sed ; J. Clarence of Freehold; and Julia and Dr. Charles H., of Philadelphia. J. Clarence Conover was V)orn in Marlborcj, Monmouth county, N. J., August 12. 1850, and was graduated frK NKW JKKSKY. master in chancery, a Supicnic Court commissioner, and a notary public. November 2^, 18TT, lie married (leor^ie Iv, daiijjhler of ex-dov. and cx-U. S. Senator Georjje H. Hibb and Catharine, his wife, of Carlow- ville, Ala. Thk.ooork FRKiiNtHit'YSKN, Raritan, read hiw with Thomas A. Hart- well and his uncle, Hon. Theodore I'relin^huysen. and was admitted as an attorney in February, ls;{o, and as a counselor in February, ]H'.\H. lie practiced f I'lVII. IIlSToKV itl" NKW .IKHSKY. CuAki.KN K. Cook. Asbiiry Park, born in New York city, March IT., 1809, was graduated from the Asbury Park Ili^'^ School in 1HS5, read h»w at Georgetown l^nivcrsity and with Sainncl Patterson in Washing- ton, I). C , ""^ \v;is admitted as .m nitonux- in N'tu liist\- in N'ovi-in- bcr. 189:}. John Lkak XKwuoi.t> Sikaiton, Mount Holly, was born in Mount Holly, N. J.. November '.»:, 1SI7. His father was J(.hn L. Stratton, a distinguished i)ractitioner of Burlington county, wlio carried on his pr<»fession for more than forty- five years. His mother, whose maiden name was Ann Newbold, ilescended from an old and influential family, was a native of the same county. His early education was obtained at select schools in ^fount Holly. He was prepared for college at Mendham, Morris county, N. J., and in the spring of 1834 entered Princeton, from where he graduated in Sep- tember, 1H:JG. Upon his return to his native town, he entered upon the study of law in the law ofllce of P. R. P>rowne, est}., and in 183'.> received his license as attorney, and in 1842 as counselor. In 1858 he was elected to Congress from the Second District on the Republican ticket. In 1860 his constituency returned him a second time to the National House of Representatives. His rec(;rd in these two sessions of Congress shows him to have been an industrious worker, strong in argument, ready in parlimentary law, influential in committee meet- ings, and at all times faithful to the i)eople, whom he so ably repre- sented. Upon the conclusic^n of his Congressional service he resumed his practice of the law. In 1875 he was chosen president of the Farmers' National Bank of Mount Holly to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John Black, escj., who had served in that responsible position for fifty-five years. He was also president of the gas company. In 1842 he married Caroline Newbold, of Burlington county. He was a great invalid for several years before his death, so that he was unable to continue the practice of law. His death occurred on May IT, 188'.>. Daniel F. Bvrnf, Newark, son of Thomas and Catharine I'yrnc, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., August 2, 1859, attended St. Benedict's College in Newark and St. Charles College in Maryland, read law with W. Howard Wait, of New York, and Judge Samuel V. Bigelow, of Newark, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 18Sfi. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 533 JabezP. Pk.nninc'ion, Newark. — -The ancestor of tlic Penninj^ton fam- ily in New Jersey was Ephraini Pennington, wlio was one of the first settlers in Newark, coming there from New Ilav^en, Conn., in KKKi. He was one of the youngest of the colonists, but was recognized as a Freeman, entitled to vote, hold office and land. From him the various Pennington families, scattered over the State, at various times in its Colonial and State history, are descended. The original homestead, set off to Ephraim, in the first division of land in Newark, was situate on Mulberry street, or the West Back Lane, as it was at first called. His dwelling, an English cottage, was still standing in the early i>art of the nineteenth century, but has now disappeared before the de- mands of modern improvement. From this first settler in Newark has descended many citizens of the State, illustrious for their personal virtues and distinguished public services. His great-grandson, vSamuel Pennington, was for eleven years a member of the Assembly, and also for one term a councillor from Essex county, and obtained a command- ing influence in the community. His oldest son, Jabez P., was born in Newark, December 3, 1802, graduated at Princeton College in 1823, read law with Hon. Oliver S. Halsted, at one time chancellor, and was licensed in 1826. He practiced his profession in Newark for several years, but after the death of his father in 1835 he gradually withdrew from business, confining himself to chamber practice. For fifty years he was the notary of the vState Bank, but engaged in no other occupa- tion until his death, which occurred about ten years since. Charles B. Herbert, New Brunswick, descends from English ances- tors who were among the pioneer settlers of Middlesex county, N. J., where, in the borough of Herbertsville, he was born June 4, 1857. Educated at Peddie Institute and Rutgers College, he read law with Prof. G. W. Atherton, of the latter institution, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in June, 1882, and as a counselor in June, 1887. He is also a special master in chancery. For eight years he was a membei* and for two years president of the I'loard of Aldermen of New Brunswick, and for ten years he served as deputy surrogate of Middlesex county. In 1888 and again in 1889 he was elected to the New Jersey Assembly, and in 181»5 was chosen State senator,, in which position, in 1895, he was made chairman of the Committee on Railroads and Canals. Both as lawyer and legislator Mr. Herbert has achieved considerable distinction. He was connected as counsel with rnK jroiciAi. and civil iiisroiiY ok nkw JKFiSKY ihe Palmer lunacy case, 'li'* Sliiv.siin will caM-, .hkI m.mv otlicrs of c«|iial importance. FkK.hERicK C. Maksm. Klizabcth, born in IClizabethtown, I'nion (.oiintv. N'. J., January 2T. iS57, read law with the late Hon. Robert S. (Irccn, of lilizabetli, and wa.s admitted to the New Jersey bar as an at- torney in February, 1878, and as a counselor in February, 1881. He was a member of the l^li/.abcth Hoard of Education two years and president two years, attorney of Union county three years, and served in the A.s.sembly in 1881) and IS'.ki, in tlic latter year bcin^^ the leader of the Democratic majority and actin;; as speaker pro tcni. durin^*^ the absence of Speaker licppcnheimer. He also served as chairman of the Judiciary Committee, and was a member of the Committees on Flections and Treasurer's Accounts and of the Special Committees on State Prison Investigation, Taxation of Proi)c'rtv. and Ilallot Reform, bein;,^ secre- tary "of the latter Mr. Marsh has been prosecutor of the pleas of Union county since 1891, and in 1800 was elected State senator, receiving the largest ma- jority ever given a candidate for public oftice in that district. In the Senate he was chairman of the Committees on Revision of the Laws, Mi.scellaneous Business, and Federal Relatitms, and a member (»f various other important committees. lie is one of the foremo.st mem- bers of the Union county bar. Piiii.i.ii' W. Cross, Newark, born in Sharon, Scholiarie county, N. V., April 2, 184'2, received his education at Oberlin College in Ohio. After reading law in his native State, he was admitted to the New York bar in December, ISCr,, and successfully practiced his profession there for several years. Removing finally to Newark, N. J., where he has since resided, he was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an at- torney in November, 18T:5, and as a coun.selor in March. 1877. On October8, 18r»3, he was admitted, on motion of the solicitor-general, to practice in the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr. Cross has successfully practiced his jirofession in NewArk, since his admi.ssion in 187:$. He was city attorney in 187.5 and IsTr,, and has always taken a lively interest in ]niblic affairs, in which he has long been a prominent figure. He has won a foremost pf)sition at the Newark bar and is general! v rc^^arded as a safe and con.scientious lawyer. Ri( n\Ri» DofiKRTv, Jersey City, son of William and Mary (Holland) BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 535 Doherty, was born in Jersey City, N. J., Fel)ruary 20, IS?:}, attended St. Francis Xavier's College in New York, read law with Judge Thomas F. Noonan, jr., of Jersey City, was graduated from the New York Law School in 1894, and was admitted as an attorney in Novemljcr, 1S!)4. David Austen Rverson, Newark, son of Peter M. and Mary A. Ryerson, is of Huguenot descent, his ancestors coming from Holland at a very early date and settling in the vicinity of New York city, and moving thence into New Jersey soon after 1700. Mr, Ryer.son was born in Pompton, Passaic county, N, J., was graduated from Rutgers College in 1858, and read law in Newark with John Whitehead. He was admitted in this State as an attorney in June, 18G1, began active practice in Newark, and in August, 1802, raised Co. C of the 13th N. 1. Inf. Vols., of which he was commissioned captain August 2o, 1S02. His regiment was attached to the 7th Brigade, 1st Division, 12th Army Corps, and subsequently to the 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 20t]i Army Corps, and on April 5, 1804, he was promoted major. He was detailed as judge advocate of court martial of the 1st Division, 20th Army Corjxs, in Tennessee, and also as judge advocate of the military ctmimission during the winter of 1803-64, and was brevetted lieutenant-colonel and colonel March 13, 1805, for gallant and meritorious services during the war. He participated in the battles of South Mountain, j\Id., Septem- ber, 14, and Antietam, September 17, in 1862; Chancellorsville, May 1-3, and Gettysburg, July 2-3, in 1863, being wounded July 3; and Rocky Faced Ridge, May 5-9, Mill Creek and Dug Gap, May 7, Resaca, May 13-16, Cassville, May 19-22, Dallas, May 25, Pine Knob, June 15, Golgotha, June 10, Gulp's Farm, June 22, Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, and Nickajack Creek, July 2-5, in 1804; and resigned July 10, 1864. Returning home he resumed his law practice in Newark, and in June, 1871, was admitted to the New Jersey bar as a connselor. He has served as city attorney of the city of Newark, where he has always followed his profession. November 27, 1883, Mr. Ryerson was married in Newark, N. J., to a daughter of James and Eliza ]\lcllvaine, of Philadelphia, Pa. They reside in Morristown, N. J. John J. Fali.on, Hoboken, son of John J. and Mary E. I'allon, was born in New York city December 19, 1870, was graduated from the Hoboken High School in 1885, read law at the Metropolis Law School, New York, and came to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney June 0, MO TIIK JI'OK'IAI. AND (M\ II. IIIST<>l:Y < >K NKW JKKSKV. isu.'). December 20, 189:5, lie marricil Mary L,, daughter <>f Charles Kelly. *.' l'"t>Ki. K, i'. Hers III, IS liic son k\ (.-liiiiiiDus imd .-^araii A. (j; i orce and a great j^ratidson on his niotlier's side of Munson Sigler, a Revolutionary soldier, and was born in Paterson, N. J., No- vi ' ■ ISriO. Mis father was captain of Co. (i, 'i^th N. J. Vols., in ti !on, and for several years an excise c«)niniissioner of Pater- Mr. Force was educated in tlie Paterson puljlic schools and sem- inary, j^raduating from tlie hi^h school of tliat city. He read law for four years with Zebiilon M. Ward and Albert Comstock, of Paterson, and was admitted to the bar of Xew Jersey an attorney in February. 187S. Since then he has practiced his profession in his native city, devoting much attention t(j the criminal branch. From April 1, ISdl, to April 1, ISOfi, he was assistant prosecutor of the pleas of Passaic county under WiHiam H. Goiirley, and from ISSS to ISIM) he served as chairman of the Passaic County Democratic Committee, to which jiosi- lion he was again elected in iS'.iT. He was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention at Cliicago in IS'.Ki. Mr. Force was married in ISTS i*^ Miss Sopliia, daughter of Arllnir T. Probert, of Paterson. Ai KXANDKk C. M. PKNNiKf;TON, Newark, the youngest son of Samuel l*eunington, was born in isiO, and was early placed at West Point with a view of becoming a soldier, but after about two years resigned and began the study of law. His mind was peculiarly fitted for the legal profession; it was exceedingly active, analytical, logical, perceptive, close in its reasoning powers, and strongly argumentative. He was licensed in 1833, and immediately commenced practice in Newark, where he soon acquired eminence as a lawyer and was eagerly sought after as an advocate before juries. He shone particularly in his efforts in the trial of causes, and soon found himself constantly called upon to appear for clients in the courts in different parts of the JState. He was a member of the Common Council of Newark for .several years, and in 1H37 and 1838 was sent to the Cieneral Assembly. His exten- sive practice had taught him the defects of the system of jurispru- dence as then existing in New Jersey, and his fertile brain was em- ployed in the preparation and carrying out of a plan which is still in c and has exhibited in its results that a master mind was at V ;; till- ^vstem was cr^ 't'-'l He introduced in the House of PHTHR V. VOORHHES. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 637 the Assembly a measure creating tlie present system of County Circuit Courts, the history of which is detailed in preceding- paj^es of this volume. Mr. Pennington always retained a taste for military life, and for many years was brigadier-general of the Essex county militia. In 1852 he was elected to Congress, and was re- elected in 1854. He was a firm and decided Whig, and while in Congress won distinction as a straightforward, honest citizen and legislator. He took an active part in debate, was fearless in denouncing wrong and upholding right, and at one time was a prominent candidate for .speaker. In 1857 he re- moved to New York city, where he resumed his profession, and where he died ten years later. He was a man of noble presence, six feet and over in height, and with a comm.anding appearance impressed one as possessing more than ordinary characteristics. He was of strong feel- ing, strong in his friendships and in his dislikes, but his instincts were right, his judgments sound, and he never descended to any improper means to secure an end. His only son, Alexander C. M. Pennington, jr., distinguished himself in the Civil war and is now an honored offi- cer in the regular army. David B. Hetzel, Newton, son of Charles W. and Lydia T. (Kish- paugh) Hetzel, was born in Hope, N. J., March 28, 1850, attended William Rankin's institute at Mendham, read law with Lewis Van Blarcom and Lewis Cochrane, of Newton, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1880, and as a counselor in February, 181tl. He was town clerk of Newton seven years and t(nvn counsel nine years. April 25, 1882, he married Sarah, daughter of Adam Wick, of Brook- lyn, N. Y. vSiMON Cameron Hinkle, Atlantic City, a descendant of old Pennsyl- vania Dutch families, is a son of George W. and Arabella (Collins) Hinkle, and was born in Atlantic City, N J., vSeptember 4, 18G5. He was graduated from the Atlantic City High School in 1882, spent two years at Swarthmore College, read law in his native city with Allen B. Endicott, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1892, and as a counselor in June, 1895. He was for two and one-half years assistant prosecutor of the pleas of Atlantic county, was an organizer and the first president of the Atlantic City High School Alumni Association, and is commodore of the Mosqui!;o I'^ieet, the oldest organized yacht club in South Jersey. M> THK JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTOUV OF NKW JKUSEY. Edward Payson Hicgins, Newark, was born March 10, 1S41. in Newark, N. J., and received a good edncation in the schools of his na- tive city. He also read law there with John Whitehead, was admitted to the bar March 12, ISti'i, and successfully i)racticed his profession with his legal preceptor, in Newark, until his death, June 10 IHGH. Though a young man he won a high reputation as an able, painstaking lawyer, and achieved distinction and honor in the six years he was permitted to practice. His future was exceedingly promising and brilliant. He was married June 14, 18(i4, to Susan Woodruff, of New- ark, who survives him. Their only son, John Whitehead Higgins, born August 18, ISCiC, is now a chemist in New York city. John J. M.vknki.i., Hoboken, son of James and Catharine Marncll, was born in Hoboken, N. J., February d, 1808, was educated at the public and high schools of "his native city and the Metropolis Law School of New York, and was admitted as an attorney in June, IS'J'). He married Mary L., daughter of Robert N. and Catharine Wallace, of Hoboken. Jamks Hanck NEiciiiioiK, Hover, son of David and Ann (Hance) Neighbour, was born in Lcbantju township, Hunterdon Co., N. J., in 1H:>4. His great-great-grandfather, Leonard Neighbour, settled in German \'allcy in 1T50 on lands now owned by Silas and Arlliur Neighbour. Mr. Neighbour was graduated from Lafayette College in 1848, read law at Judge McCarty's law school, ICaston, Pa., and with flon. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen and Hon, A. (). Richey, and was admitted at l'3aslon. Pa., in 18')0, and at Trenton, N. J., as an attorney in November, 18'):}, and as a counselor in February, 18»i9, and is also a special master and examiner in chancery and a Supreme Court com- missif»ner. He was the first settled lawyer in Dover, N. J., has held several township offices, and was a member of the New Jersey Assem- bly in 1883 and 1884, serving as chairman of the judiciary committee both years. He has practiced in all the courts of the State, and has written considerable on the history of Morris county. In June, IS.'iCi, he was married to Mary L., daughter of Elisha and ICliza (Ayres) Warne, of Philadelphia, Pa. Hknrv M. NuTZHOkN, Hol)oken, is a son of Bernard l'". and Margar etha M. Nutzhorn, and was born in Hobf^ken, N. J., June 1, 1808. Ih was educated at the Hoboken public schools and academy, the Nctrth- wcstern University at Watertown, Wis., and Concordia College at Fort BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 539 Wayne, Ind., and was i^raduated from the New York University Law wSchool. He read law with Russ & lieppcnheinier, Hon. Al)el I. vSniith, and John vS, Mabon, all of Hoboken, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1891, and as a counselor in February, 1S94. He served as member of assembly in 1895. Michael I. Fagen, Jersey City, son of Patrick and Mary (Donohue) Fagen, was born September 4, 18G7, in Jersey City, N. J., where he received a public and high school education. He was graduated from Seaton Hall College at South Orange, N. J., in 1880, and from Colum- bia Law School in 1889, and read law in Jersey City with Parmly, Oldendorf & Fisk. He was admitted to practice in this State as an attorney in November, 1890, and since then has followed his profes- sion in his native city, where in April, 1893, he formed a copartnership with James J. Murphy, which still continues. Mr. Fagen was appoint- ed collector of customs of the port of New York at Jersey City on De- cember 31, 1896. James J. Murphy, Jersey City, is a son of William and Mary (Han- ley) Murphy, both natives of Ireland, who died in Jersey City, N. J., the mother February 4, 1884, and the father October 18, 1885. He was born in the city of New York July 3, 18G8, and the following year was brought by his parents to Jersey City, N. J., where he attended public school No. 13, St. Peter's College, and Gaskill's Business College. He read law there with Charles H. Winfield and his son, H. Westbrook Winfield, and was graduated from the University Law School of New York city in May, 1890. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in November, 1889, and as a counselor in February, 1893, and remained in the office of his preceptor until April, 1893, when he formed a copartnership with Michael L Fagen, under the firm name of Fagen & Murphy, which still continues. Samuel Kalisch, Newark, is -a son of Rev. Isidor Kalisch, an emi- nent Jewish rabbi, who was born in the duchy of Posen, Prussia, November 15, 1816, came to America in 1849, settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where he acquired eminence as a divine, and an author, and re- moved in 1872 to Newark, N. J., where he died May 11, 1886. The parents of Rev. Isidor were Rev. Burnham and Sarah Kalisch, the former of whom was widely known for his piety and profoinid knowl- edge of Hebrew. Samuel Kalisch was born in Cleveland, Ohio, April 18, 1851, was educated under his father, and had mastered Greek and MO THK Jl'DICIAL ANI> ciVII, IIISTOKV ( iK NKW JKFtSEY. Latin at the ajje of twelve. He was j^^raduated from the Columbia Law School in 18»i0, was admitted in this State as an attorney in February, 1871, and soon afterward began active practice in Newark, where he has since resided. In Febrtiary, 1874, he was admitted to the bar as a counselor. Mr Kalisch has achieved eminent success at the bar, and as a criminal lawyer stands among the f«)remost in the State This, however, he gradually abandoned, owing to the large increase of his civil business, which consisted principally of damage cases against rail- roads. Yet he is recognised as one of the ablest criminal lawyers in New Jersey. He is expert in the examination of witnesses, an elo- (|ucnt orator, a frecpient contributor to llic press, and an enthusiastic collector of rare books, having one of the largest Hebrew libraries in the State. His memorial volume of his father. i)ul)Iished in ISSO, at- tracted wide attention in the religious world. Charles Francis LKwiruii-K, Orange, is the son of Charles A. and Sarah (Smith) Lighthipe, and was born in Orange, ICssex county, N. J., where his family were among the earliest settlers. Receiving his pre- paratory education at Philiiis I'vxeter Academy he was graduated from Harvard University in ISTo, and read law in his native city with Hlake I.V I'reeman. He was graduated from Columbia Law School and ad- mitted to the bar of New N'oik in ISTs, and came to the New Jersey bar at Trenton as an attorney in November, 1S7.S, and as a counselor in November, 1S81. Mr. Lighthii)e has been prominently connected with a number of imp(jrtant local law cases, was counsel for the Or- ange National Bank from 1883 to 188(!, served as counsel for the city of Orange from 188G to ISfC], and w.is lounstl of Wc-st Orange town- ship, in 1801 and 1892. He was married in Orange, N. J., April '^o, ISSl, to Eflie Plumer Reed, daui^htcr of James C. and Susan (1. (Piiuiicrl Rrcd, of PiostdU, Mass. TiMornv E. Scales, Newark, born in Newark, N. J.. November 1, 1800, is the son of James and Lli/.abeth K. (Roberts) Scales, and re- ceived a good education in the public and high schools of his native city. Me read law with Frederic Adams, of Newark, with whom he was associated from 1ST.') to 18;i:j, being admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney November 1, 1881. In ]s;»| he was api)ointcd clerk of the Essex County Grand Juries and in lso:{, by an act of the Legislature, became also clerk to the jiublic prosecutor, and has since BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 541 held these combined positions. He still continues the practice of his profession, thoug-h his official duties occupy the most of his time. A Democrat in politics, he represented the Eleventh ward of Newark in the Board of Education from 1884 to 1887 inclusive, being twice elected in a Republican stronghold. He is also counsel for the West End and Vailsburgh Building & Loan Associations. April 25, ls80, he married Minnie P., daughter of Bernard Kane, of Newark. Randolph Parmly, Jersey City and New York, is a son of Wheelock H. and Katharine (Dunbar) Parmh^, and a grandson of Rev. Randolph Parmly, the first white male child born in Randolph, Vt,, who for forty years was a prominent clergyman in New Jersey. His paternal grand- father, Rev. Duncan Dunbar, was long a distinguished clergyman in New York city. Mr. Parmly was born in Burlington, Vt., April 2, 1854, was graduated from the University of the City of New York in 1875, read law with Hon. John A. Blair and Henry S. White, of Jersey City, and at Columbia Law School, and was admitted in this vState as an attorney in June, 1878, and as a counselor three years later. He is also a member of the New York bar, and resides in Middletown, N.J. John Christopher vSkef.i.y, Hoboken, son of John and Sarah Skelly, was born in Hoboken, N. J., September 17, 187o, attended the public and high schools of that city and the New York University Law School, and was admitted as an attorney in November, 1S94. He is prepar- ing a work entitled " vSkelly on Infants." Daniel S, Voorhees, Morristown, son of Daniel S. and Mary L. (Doty) Voorhees, was born in Somerville, N. J., August 15, 1852, and has been connected with the Morris county clerk's office since May, 1871; since June 1, 1870, he has been deputy county clerk, being then appointed by the late William McCarty. He read law with E. A. Quale of Morristown, and was admitted as an attorney February 24, 1800. January 18, 1874, he married Frances L., daughter of William W. and Margaret White, of New Brunswick, N. J. Charles T. Ziegler, Newark, son of the i^rivy counselor to the Duke of Baden, was born November 22, 1814, and was educated at the University of Heidelberg. He participated in the Revolutionary movement in Germany in 1848-49, was a member of the provisional government of Baden, and of the Council, and civil licad of the capital 542 TIIK .irOIClAl, AND CIVII. HISToKV oK NKW JKRSKY. Karlsruhe. After the defeat of the Revohitionary forces he fled l<> ICn}>hind and came thence to America, seltliiij; in Newark iti isr»l. lie stiulieil hiw, was admitted as an attorney in IS">7, and as a coun- seh^r in lS(ii», and practiced in Newark until his death, January 14, 1H8;J. Frank Crkw Wii hox, Newark, son of S. Thinnas and Amelia (Crew) Willcox, was born April '», IST).**, in Bridgeport, Conn., was jjradiiated from the Newark (N. J.) Academy in 1H7.1, entered Yale University in the class of IHTT. but soon left, and was {.graduated from Columbia Law School in is'S. IK- read law in Newark with Tils- worth, Francis tV Marsh and John {''ranklin Fort, and was admitted to the New York bar in January, 1SS(», and to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in June, 1S81, and as a counselor in June, ISSft. He was city attorney of Newark from January, 1SH."», to March lo, 1S92. He prosecuted the case of the M. «S: C. C. of Newark vs. the Essex Club from the First precinct jjolice court to the Court of Errors and A])- peals, 24 Vroom, lOo. May 1(), ls82, he married Ida J., daujjhter of Isaac P. and Jane A. V. (liurdick) I'rink, of Newark. Thev it-side in East Orange. SiMKoN II. Roi.i iNsoN, Newark, born in West Oran<;'e, where he re- sides, was graduated from the Newark Academy in 1S8I», entered Princeton College in the class of IS'.CJ, and read law with Blake & Howe, of Orange. He was admitted as an attorney in June, 1896. Chauncey Goodrich IVvkkkk, Newark, is a son of Hon. Cortlandt and a grandson of Hon. James Parker, both noticed elsewhere in this volume, and a great-great-grandson of John Parker, a member of the New Jersey bar, as was also his brother, Elisha. His maternal grand father, Richard Wayne Stites, and great-great-grandfather, Richard Montgomery Stites, were both distinguished members of the bar of Sa- vannah. Mr. Parker is descended from Elisha Parker, a resident of Cape Cod, Mass., in l(i40, who married a sister of Governor Hinckley, and came to Woodbridge, N. J., as early as 1070. He is al.so connected with the Cookes, Goodriches, Chaunceys, Elys, and others of Connec- ticut; the Waynes, Schuylers, Cliffords, Denises, Johnstones, Scotts, Skinner-s, V^an Courtlandt.s, etc. His maternal great-grandfather, Richard Stites, of Springfield, Mass. , commanded a company at the battle of T.,ong Island in the Revolutionary war. anrl died from wounds let civrd thric BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 543 Mr. Parker was born in Newark, N. J., September 19, 1SG4, attended St. Paul's School, Concord, and Phillips Exeter Academy, and was graduated from Harvard University as B. A. in 1885 and as M. A. in course in 1888, He read law with Vanderpoel, Green & Gumming- in New York and with his father, Hon. Gortlandt Parker, of Newark, was graduated from Golumbia Law School in 1887 and from Harvard Law School in 1888, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1888, and as a counselor in June, 1891. For two or three years he has been attor- ney for the Board of Health of the city of Newark. November 11 1896, he married Dora Mason, daughter of Gol. Edward H. Wright and Dora, daughter of Governor Mason, of Michigan, his wife. John McC. Morrow, Newark, is a son of Samuel Morrow, and was born at Deckertown, Sussex county, N. J. He read law with Hon. John Whitehead, of Newark, and was admitted to the bar of this State as an attorney in June, 1872, and as a counselor in June, 1875. Henry C. Moore, Newark, son of Edward and Kate (Miller) Moore, was born in Newark, N. J., February 1, 1872, read law with Schuyler B. Jackson, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 189-4. Frederick J. Greenberg, Newark, son of Gustave and Marie (Hag- gly) Greenberg, was born in Newark, N. J., May 16, 1868, was grad- uated from Columbia Law School in 1889, read law with John A. Miller, and came to the bar as an attorney in November, 1889, and as a counselor in November, 189o. Roderick Byington, Newark, is a son of Dr. Roderick and Caroline Byington, and was born March 13, 1844, at Belvidere, N. J., where his father was for many years a prominent physician. He was graduated from Yale College in 1865, read law with Hon. David A. Depue, of Belvidere, and Richey & Emery, of Trenton, and was admitted to the bar in the latter city as an attorney in November, 1868, and as a coun- selor in November, 1872. For several years he was assistant prose- cutor of the pleas of Essex county. He resides in East Orange. Jan- uary 20, 1896, he married Mrs. Emma N. Paul, at Millington, X. j. Adolph Altman, Newark, was born in Ransburg, Bohemia, Austrian Empire, April 25, 1871, was brought by his parents. Rev. Simon and Charlotte (Fink) Altman, to Newark, N. J., the same year, and read law there with Abner Kalisch, Philip Low)'- and Thomas Anderson, He was admitted as an attorney in February, 1895. Mr. Altman 's 544 THK JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OK NKW JKRSKY. father, Simon, and ^grandfather, Abraham Alinian, were prominent Hebrew rabbis. CiiARLKs Louis B<»r<:mkvi k, Newark, was jiraduatcd from I'rineeton Collejjc in 1S83. read law with A. O. Keasbey tV Sons of Newark, and was aibiiitted as an attorney in November, IS.SG, and as a counselor in November. 1S81). He has been one of the editors of the New Jersey Law Journal since about 1888. He was als(t identified as editor with "Annotated Statute Laws of New Jersey," " JetTery's Notes of Practice and Law Precedents," ** The American Corporation Lej;al Manual," etc , the latter now in its fifth volume John Montkitii, Newark, bom in Paisley, Scotland, October '-i'.i, l.S»j:{, is the son of John and Januct (Purdon) Moulcilh, who came with their family to America and settled in Newark, N. J., in 1873. He received a good public school education in Newark, where he still resides, and where he read law with lion. I'rederick I'rclinj^huysen. lie was admitted to the bar of New Jcnsey in I-Y-bruary, 188r», and is a master in chancery. In June, ISST, he married ICli/.abeth, daughter of Charles Wix, of New lirunswick, N. J. CuAki-Es Hooi), Newark, born in New York city, August 14, Isr.T, is the son of Meyer S. and Krnestine (Samuel) Hood, and received his education at Columbia College. He read law in Newark, N. J., with his brother, Louis Hocjd, with whom he has been associated in i)rac- tice since his admission to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in November, 18I>2. He was a memi)cr of the Newark Hoard of Educa- tion from Janiuiry, 18'.'I, to ^L'ly, IS'.i.*). Mr. Hood was married June li, is'.i4, t(» Julia Cioldsmith, eldest daughter of Bernard Goldsmith, of Newark, N. J, where he resides. Ei»w \Ki) Br.KKCKEk Will lAMsoN, Ncwark, born in Amity, N.Y^., April 5, iSo*^, is the son of George R. and Amarintha Norman(Platt) William- son, and was graduated from Rutgers College in 1S71. His law studies were ])ursued at the Columbia Law Schf)ol and in theofticesof Thomas Nelson, of New York city, and Hon, Coitlandl Parker, of Ncwark. and he was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney at the June term, 187.5, and as a counselor at the same term, 1S78. He married a daiv^'htrr of Hon. Thomas N. McCarter, and is a member of the law f\- IcCarter, Williamson & McCarter, of Newark, N. J., where he rc>^iacs. tSutefmon Pharn~G''-aywr' Ca. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 545 Fredk.rkk H. Harris, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., MarcliT, is;5(», was educated in the public schools of his native city and at the Bloom field Academy, read law with Judge Charles R. Wau^h, and David A. Hayes, both of Newark, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney at Trenton, N. J., in June, 18G2. In the following August he enlisted in Co. E, I3th N. J. Vols., in August, 1804, was promoted to the rank of major, and in March, 18G5, became lieutenant-colonel. While in service he had for some time the command of a brigade and was twice brevetted by President Lincoln for gallant and meritorious conduct, once for services in Georgia and the Carolinas and later at the battle of Bentonville, N. C. Returning home in June, 18G5, Colonel Harris be- gan the active practice of the law in his native city and successfully continued u.ntil the spring of 1866, when he was appointed secretary of the American Insurance Company of Newark. On the death of Stephen H. Gould, the president of that corporation, he was elected to the presidency and since February, 1883, has been the able head of the company. Wilbur Ashley Mott, Newark, born in Alburg, Vt., August 3, 1859, is a son of Ashley and Rosetta A. (Graves) Mott, and a great- grandson of James Graves, of Unity, N. H., a soldier in the Revolution- ary war. He was graduated from the Troy Conference Academy at Poultne}^ Vt. , in 1878 and from Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn , in 1882, and read law in Newark, N. J., with the well known firm of A. Q. Keasbey & Sons. He was admitted to the bar of this vState as an attorney in November, 1888, and since 1885 has success- fully practiced his profession in Newark, where he also resides. He was assistant city council for three years, was secretary of New Jersey State in 1890 and 1894, and is now judge of the First Criminal Court of Newark. Judge Mott is prominent in the councils of the Republican party, has done considerable campaign speaking, and is a member of the Masonic order. In January, 1886, he married Alice R., daughter of John H. Hines, of Newark, N. J. Joseph K. Franks, Newark, born in Newark, N. J., August :l, 18(;8, is a son of John and Margaret A. Franks, and was graduated from the Newark High School in 1885, and as LL. B. from the law department of the University of the City of New York in 1890. He read law witli Charles A. Feick, one of the leading lawyers of Newark, and was ad- mitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in June, 1891, and as a QQQ 54»'. TIIK JI'DICIAI. AND CIVlI. IIISTnliY < >K NKW JKKSEY. counselor in June, 1SI)4. Since his admission Mr. I'ranks has been actively associated in practice witii ihc law firm of Hayes cV Lambert, i»f Newark, where he resides. He was married on the r.Kli of October. 18'.I5, to Violet M. Dunn, of Malawan, N. J. CuANDi.Kk W. RiKKK, Newark, was bom December 3, 1855, in Clinton township, Kssex county, N. J., and descends on both sides from two of the oldest and most respected families in the State. I lis father, Will- iam, is the head of the Riker Jewelry Manufacturing Company. His mother was Sarah M. Hunter. Mr. Riker attended private school in Newark, and was graduated from the Newark Academy at the age of sixteen and from the academic department of the College of New Jersey at Princeton, in 1870. He matriculated as a fellow at Princeton College in 1877, and later pursued a mathematical course at a polytechnic schf)ol in Hanover, Germany, and attended lectures at the University of Her- lin. He was graduated from Columl)ia Law School and admitted to the New York bar in 1870, and came to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in November, 1871», and as a counselor in November, 1882. Since his admission he has been in successful practice in Newark, being a member of the well known law firm of Riker cS: Riker. Mr. Riker has been counsel f(;r Clinton township since 187'.i, is a di- rector and the legal adviser of two railroad companies, and was appointed city council for Newark in 1804. In 1895 he was tendered the appoint- ment of judge of the Circuit Court but declined the honor, preferring to give his entire attention to the practice of the law. He is a lawyer of nuick perception and eminent ability, and has achieved a high rep- utation at the bar. October 12, 18J»1, he married Mollic lilair Snyder, of Newark, N. J. Wii.i.iAM Andre Cottkk, Newark, son of Michael and Catharine (Martin) Cotter, was born in Essex county, Canada, August 15, 1845, read law with Col George R. Fearons, of Newport, Ky., was gradu- ated from the Cincinnati Law School in Ai)ril, 187<>, and came to the bar of Kentucky about one month later. In 1875 he was made a judge of the Circuit Court of that State, where he was also a past master of the Masonic Lodge, past grand of the I. O. O. F., and i)ast supreme representative of the Knights of Pythias. He is past exalted ruler of the B. P. O. E. of Cincinnati, Ohio, and is now president of the Direct Legislation League of New Jersey and counsel of the New Jer.sey State BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 647 Firemen's Association. He was adnntted to the bar of tliis State as an attorney in November, 1881, and as a counselor in February, 1S87. He resides in Fleming-ton, where he married, February, I), 1881, Anna R. daughter of John N. and Ellen (Large) Voorhees. William Linn Allen, Newark, is a son of Linn Allen, M.I)., and Charlotte Bell, his wife, and a grandson of Edward Allen and Eliza- beth Linn (daughter of John Linn, member of Congress IB'il), Char- lotte Bell was a daughter of Judge John Bell, a member of the New Jersey Legislature. Mr, Allen was born in Branchville, vSussex county, N J., June 27, 1855, was educated at the Hudson River Insti- tute at Claverack, N. Y., and in the schools of Harford, Pa., and read law in Newark with William H. Francis and Caleb O. Titsworth. He was admitted as an attorney November 9, 1870, and as a counselor No- vember 9, 1879, and for several years made a specialty of real estate law. In 1891 he abandoned active practice and devoted his attention to business pursuits. June 4, 1885, he married Octavia A., daughter of Dr. Albert B. and Eva C. (Van Kirk) Stonelake, of Newark, N. J. John Anderson Miller, Newark, son of John W. and Sarah J. (Da- vies) Miller, was born in Newark, N. J., December 30, 1858, was grad- uated from Rutgers College, read law with Hon. Cortlandt Parker, of Newark, and at Columbia Law School, and was admitted as an attor- ney in Jvme, 1874, and as a counselor in June, 1877. He is also a special master and examiner in chancery, and a Supreme Court com- missioner, and has served as judge of the First District Court of Newark. Horace Franklin Nixon, Camden, son of George Franklin and Anna (Null) Nixon, was born in Bridgeton, N. J., and descends from John Nixon, who came in the ship Endeavor from Powell, Cheshire, England, to America, landing at Philadelphia, Pa., July 29, 1083, and bought 400 acres of land in Salem county, N. J., where he settled. Mr. Nixon was graduated from Princeton College asA.B. in 1894, read law with James B. Nixon, of Atlantic City, and Judge David J. Pancoast, of Camden, and was admitted as an attoi'ncy February 24, 1890. Carl Lentz, Newark, was born in Iiambcrg, Bavaria, July 1, 1815, came to the United vStatcs when young, and at tlie age of sixteen en- listed in the 1st Conn. Cav. Vols., 1st Brig., ;)d. l)iv., Cavalry Corps, 618 THE JUDICIAL AND riVII, IIISToRV oK NKW JKRSEY. and in May, 18G4. was promoted lieutenant. In a cavalry t'^i^hi near Washing^ton on July 12, 1804, he lost his right arm, and on December 24 of the same year was honorably dischar^^cd for disability. He was graduated from Columbian University at Washington in 1H(;'.», received the degree of LL.B. from the law department of that institution in 1ST3, and was admitted t«) the New Jersey bar as an attorney in No- vember, iSTlJ, and as a counselor in Novcmljcr, 1S7<;. Soon after his admission he settled permanently in Newark. Ik- has been for sev- eral years a prominent Republican leader, FKKi>K.kiCK A. I5<)K(HKki.iN«;, Newark, son ot" C'harlcs and l'>li/.a ((Juimby) Horcherling, was born in Newark, N. J., October 4, ISTI, was graduated from the Newark Academy in IH8!» and from Princeton University in 18'.»3, read law with Hon. Uortlandt Parker and was ad- mitted as an attorney in June, 18ItO. Wii.i.i.wi George Bumsted, Jersey City, son of William H. and Martha (Arbuckle) Bumsted, was born December 23, 1855, in Jersey City, N. J., where his grandparents, William and Mary Bumsted, both natives of ICnglantl, settled about 18;j:]. William died in January, 18!m;; his widow is still living. Mr. Bumsted was graduated fnmi Phillips Acad- emy at Andover, Mass., in 1875, attended Yale University for a time, and read law with William BrinkerhotT of Jersey City. lie was ad- mitted to the bar of New Jersey in June, ISTtt, began active ptactice in his native city, and about 1S80 became a member «)f the present law firm of Wallis, Edwards & Bumsted. lie has made a specialty of real estate law and titles and has chiefly confined his practice to office wcjrk. He was one of the organizers and first directors of the New Jersey Title Guarantee and Trust Ct^mpany of Jersey City, and in i)olitics is a Re- publican. In April, 1884, he married Minnie G., daughter of Diedrich Gale of New York city. CuAkiKs B. GiKNi V, Newark, a son ot James B. and ICliza (Free- man) (iurney, was born in Newark, N. J., read law in his native city with Paul W. Roder and in New Y. Stout, of Asbury Park. Peter W. Stagg, Hacken.sack, was born in New York city, October 24, 1850, son of John and Savoa Stagg., Me received his education in the common schools of Bergen county, N. J., read law with Ackerson and Van Valen and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in June, BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 555 1879, and as a counselor in June, 1883. He commenced the practice of his profession in Hackensack and for some years did the larger portion of the criminal business in Bergen county, defending four murder cases. Among the important cases with which Mr. Stagg has been connected were the vState ex rel. the Harrington Road Commission vs. Andrew H. Haring in 1891; State vs. Smith, 17th Vroom, 491, construing act of the Legislature passed March 29, 1878, on the sending of indecent letters to families; and the Bergen County Traction Company vs. Township Committee of the Township of Ridgefield, construing act of the Legislature of 1891, relating to construction and maintenance of street railroads. In the latter case, the portion of the act construed determined which was the governing body of the township — the town- ship committee, or a road board created by special act which had control of the streets and roads. Mr. Stagg w^as assistant clerk of the New Jersey Assembly in 1891 and in 1892, and in 1895 was appointed prose- cutor of the pleas of Bergen county for a term of five years. In this capacity he has been connected with the celebrated "green goods" case of the State vs. Michael Ryan, and also with several pool room cases of Bergen county. He married Jennie E., daughter of Andrew D. Westervelt, of Bergen Fields, Bergen county. Their eldest son, Arthur A., is a student at law in his office. Mr. Stagg was elected grand master of the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows of the vState of New Jersey in October, 189G. James Steen, Eatontown, became an attorney in November, 1874, and a counselor three years later. He is a special master and examiner in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner. John Stille, Atlantic City, was admitted to practice in New Jersey in November, 1885, as an attorney, and in November, 1888, as a coun- selor. Abraham D. Campbell, Hackensack, was a great-grandson of John Campbell, of Scotch origin, who at the close of the Revolutionary war settled at Pascack, Bergen county, N. J., where he engaged in the manufacture of wampum, a business his descendants followed for many years. John had one son, Abraham D. , who married Margaret Demar- est, was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was a founder and one of the first elders and deacons of the Pascack Reformed Dutch Church. Their son, David A. Campbell, born January 10, 1S12, married Sally, daugh- 556 THK JI'IUCIAI, AND ("IVIF, IllSTOKY (»K NKW JKH8EY. ler of Abraham Ilariiij^, of Scolhmd Mills, X. V . ;iiiil was the father of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Cainpl)cll was born in Tast-ack, X. J., October 10. isi2, was jjraduateil from the Stale Xormal School at Trenton in isr,3, read law with Garret A. Ackerson, jr., t)f Hackensack, and was admitted to the bar of Xew Jersey as an attorney in June, 1S(J'.I, and as a counselor in June, 1872. He practiced his profession in Hackensack with eminent success until his death, October 0, 180(5. He was prosecutor of the pleas of Berjjen county for about twenty five years, be}.(innin;^ in 1S7(». In this capacity he became one of the keenest and best criminal lawyers in the State. He was sagacious and forceful, a man of decided opin ions, of strict intcj^rity, and possessed to an unusual dey^ree the attri- butes of s«)und common sense and sympathy with all classes of the com munity. He was a member of Co. C, 2d Bat. N. G. N. J., was promoted from quartermaster to captain, and was retired with the rank of major. September 22, 18G0, he married Ann Elizabeth, daugfhter of Jacob H. and Lydia (Bogert) Hopper, of Hackensack. They had five chil- dren : Luther A., Eva, David, Harry, and Nicholas D. Llthkr a. Campijki.i., Hackensack, son of the late Abraham I). Campbell, was born in Hackensack, X. J., November 28, 1872, read law there with Campbell cv Dc liaun, and was admitted to practice as an attorney in February, ls:»4. He was associated with his father under the firm name of A. D. & L. A. Campbell until the former's death in October, 189G, when he succeeded to their large law business. Since April, 1H05, he has been counsel for the Hackensack Improve- ment Commission. April 22, 189G. Mr. Campbell married May E., dauj^hter of Richard P. Paulison, of Hackensack. IlKKBKkT SrofT, Jersey City, was admitted as an attorney in June, 18G1, and as a counselor in February, 18(i.5. He is a special master in chancery. A. Watson Si.ockijowkr, Deckertown, was licensed to practice as an attorney in November, 1877, and as a counselor in Xovember, 1881. He is a special master in chancery. John W. Si.ocum, Long Branch, was admitted as an attorney at the June term, 1888, and as a coun.selor at the February term, 1805. Fredkrick a. Rkx, Camden, of (lerman descent, is a son of John BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 557 and Sarah (Lentz) Rex, and was born in M<)ntj4omcry county, Pa., March 20, 1850. After (graduating: from the Central High vSchool in Philadelphia he registered as a law student in the oflice of Bergen cK: Bergen, of Camden, N. J., and while prosecuting his legal studies he was also in the employ of the National State Bank of Camden, of which he became the receiving teller. He subsequently became a member of the firm of William S. Scott & Co., wholesale coffee and tea merchants in Camden, and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in June, 1888, and as a counselor in June, 1891. vSince his admission in 1888 Mr. Rex has been successfully engaged in the general practice of his profession in Camden, where he has also served as a member of the City Council for nine year.s, as city comp- troller three years, as clerk of the District Court three years, and as treasurer of the Board of Education since 1887. He was solicitor of the town of Stockton, Camden county, for three years, and for a time was a member and lieutenant of Co. B, 6th Regt., N. G. N. J. In April, 1877, he married Louise F., daughter of William Fewsmith, of Camden. Warne Smythe, Weehawken, was admitted to the bar of New Jer- sey in June, 1873. H. Brewster Willis, New Brunswick, was licensed in June, 1881, as an attorney, and admitted in June, 1881, as a counselor. John Frederick Harned, Camden, son of Henry S. and Harriet B. (Parkerson) Harned, was born in Camden, N. J., March 29, 1857, re- ceived a public school education in his native city, and read law there with Marmaduke B. Taylor, finishing his legal studies at the law de- partment of the University of Pennsylvania. He was admitted in this State as an attorney in November, 1882, and as a counselor in Novem- ber, 1885, and has always practiced his profession in Camden, giving special attention to real estate law and land titles. He is solicitor for Stockton, Pensauken, and other townships in Camden county, was one of the organizers and has continuously been the solicitor of the Cen- tral Trust Company of Camden, and is a director of the Camden Fire Association. November 14, 1889, he married Helen C, daughter of Jonathan Burr, of Camden, N. J. Ira W. Wood, Trenton, was admitted to the bar as an attorney in June, 1880, and as a counselor in June, 1881. 558 THK Jl'DIClAL AND ClVII. 11IST()I{V < >K NKW JKRSKY. IsAA< T. Wood, Trenton, was licensed to practice in February, IHSI, as an attorney, and in February, 1S85, as a counselor. Gr.oKc.F. Barrktt, Camden, son of Georjije and Frances Barrett, was lM>rn in England, November 23, 1S45, came to this country at an early age and settled in Camden, N. J. He received a common school edu- cation, and served with honor in the war of the Rebellion, He was councilman for Camden for four years, and in ISIi:} was elected sheriff of Camden county. He has been commander of Post 5. (i. A. R., of Camden, and in 1802 was ajipointed assistant adjutant-general, De- partment of New Jersey. He is actively engaj^ed in the lum])er busi- ness, having timber lands in Clearfield and Indiana counties in Penn- sylvania and mills in Camden. J. FoRMAN SiNMCKSoN, Salcm, was admitted as an attorney in No- vember, 1884, and as a counselor in November, 1SI»2. He is also a special master and examiner in chancery and a Supreme Court com- missioner. Ai.iiKRT H. vSi.Ai'K, vSalem, became an attorney at the November term, 18G1, and a counselor in June, ]S(i4, and is a special master in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner. Joseph J. Su.mmkhill, Woodbury, son of Rev. Josej^h C. and Sarah J. (Vanneman) Summcrill, was born in Cumberland county, N, J., July 23, 1851», and on his mother's side is a member of one of the ear- liest settled families in the county of Gloucester. He was graduated from Pennington Seminary in 1878, and in the fall of that year entered Princeton College, class of 1882, but was obliged to discontinue a full collegiate course on account of his eyes Afterwards he taught school and was engaged in business at Pennsgrove, Salem county, and finally began the study of law with Bergen & Bergen, of Camden. He also pursued his legal studies with Albert Comstock, of Elkton, Md., where he was admitted to the bar of that State in June, 1887. Returning to New Jersey he entered the office of Enoch S. Fogg, of Woodstown, and was admitted at Trenton as an attorney in November, 1887, and as a counselor in November, 1800. In 1887 he entered upon a suc- cessful professional career in Woodbury, where he has since resided. He is a master and examiner in chancery and a Supreme Court com- mi.ssioner, and enjoys a go(»d general practice at the bar. He was married September 17, Inyo, to Allha M., daiiglitcr r.f Charles W. Simpers, of North East, Md. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. " 559 Lewis W. vScott, Trenton, was licensed in November, 18T1, as an attorney, and became a counselor at the November term, 1874. Georde D. Scudder, Trenton, was admitted to the bar as an attor- ney in June, 1879, and as a counselor in June, 1882, and is also a special master and examiner in chancery. Andrew Sinnickson, Salem, was licensed as an attorney in May, 1842, and became a counselor in May, 1845. He is a special master and examiner in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner, and one of the oldest lawyers in South Jersey. Albert Flanders, Mount Holly and Burlington, son of Andrew, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1830, and descended from Holland Quak- ers who were among the Puritan settlers of Massachusetts. He read law in his native city with the older Mr. Lex and was admitted and practiced there until 186G, when he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1870, he came to Beverly, N. J., where he served two or three terms as mayor and about three years as city attorney. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in February, 1871, and as a coun- selor in February, 1875, and was a Supreme Court commissioner. Soon after his admission he began the active practice of the law in Mount Holly, Burlington county, and continued his office there until shortly before his death. In 1876 he moved his residence to Burlington, where he served about seven years as city attorney, and where he died No- vember 17, 1888. Mr. Flanders was a good lawyer, an honored and respected citizen, and an officer who filled every position with great credit. He married Mary R. , daughter of John Davidson, of Philadelphia, who survives him, as do also their three children: Mary Davidson (Mrs. Henry S. Prickett), of Palmyra, N. J., and Howard and Charles Yerkes, of Bur- lington. Howard Flanders, Burlington, eldest son of Alfred and Mary R. (Davidson) Flanders, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., April 12, 18(i0, and received his education in the" public schools of Beverly and Mount Holly, N. J. He read law in Mount Holly with his father, was ad- mitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in June, 1881, and as a counselor in June, 1895, and is a master and examiner in chancery. In May, 1895, he was admitted to practice as an attorney and counselor in the United States District and Circuit Courts. 560 THE JUDICIAL AND (MVII, HISTORY OF NKW JKRSK7. M:. I'landers remained with his father until iss:j, wlien he opened an ollice in Hurlinj^tDU and entered upon a sucecssful career. lie has had an extensive practice in all branches except criminal law, and for the past fifteen years has done most of the lej^al business in and around Burlinjfton. He was connected with the defense and later with the prosecution of the celebrated burglary and poisoning cases of Carrie K. Van der Grift, of Burlington, which ran through the court for some three years. He has been city attorney of the city of Burlington since IS'.t"), is tt)wnship attorney of Burlington township, a member of the Bur- lington City Water Commission, attorney for the Burlington Fire Re- lief Association, solicitor for the Upper Delaware River Transjjor- tation Company, and solicitor and a trustee of the BurlingtH, to Martha, daughter of Samuel and Mary Reeves. John.son Reeves, son of John, was born in Deerfield, X. J , October HI, 1700, and spent most of his life in Bridgeton, where he died July 10, isco. Me married Elizabeth, daii'.-hti-r of M.irk and Abigail (Harris) Kili-v. who died July 21, 1845. James J. Reeves, son of Ji>hnson and l>lizal)cth (Riley) Reeves, was born September 0, 1830, in Bridgeton, X.J., in the homestead in which he has always resided. He attended the public and i)rivate schools oi his native city and the Harmon}' and West Jersey Academies, read law there with the late Hon. John T. Nixon and his associates, Charles E. and Judge L. Q. C. Elmer, and was graduated as LL. B. from Harvard Law School in 1801. He was admitted as an attorney in February, 1801, and as a counselor in June, 1S04, and to the United States Circuit and District Courts in 1871. In September, 18G1, he raised, m company with Lieut. Alexander L Robeson and Capt. Henry NefT, Cn. H, of the •^4th N. J. Vol. Inf., and was made its second lieutenant. He was wounded at Fredericks- burg in December, 1802, and at Chancellorsville in May, 1803, and in the latter year returned to Bridgeton and resumed the practice of his profession. Mr. Reeves has won high rank at the bar and is recognized if the ablest lawyers in South Jersey. He was city solicitor of BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 503 Bridg-eton three years, has served several years as a member of tlie Bridgeton Board of Education, and has long been a member and secre- tary of the Board of Trustees of the West Jersey Academy. He was an organizer and for some time president of the Cumberland County Musical Association; has been superintendent of the Sunday school of the First Presbyterian church of Bridgeton since 1804 and a ruling elder of that church since 1868; v^^as for many years a manager and is now president of the Cumberland Bible Society; and was some time presi- dent and for fifteen years chairman of the lecture committee of the Bridgeton Y. M. C. A. He has been a frequent contributor to the local and religious press, and prepared and published, by the direction of the Reunion Association, a history of the 24th N. J. Regt. He is a United States and a Supreme Court commissioner, and in politics is a Repub- lican. June 7, 1865, he married Mary Caldwell Butler, of Germantown, Pa., daughter of Edward and Caroline Hyde Butler, of Northampton, Mass., and a granddaughter of Thomas Butler, an attorney of New York city. Their children are Hugh Laing, vSarah Caldwell, Harriet Denison Read and Bertha Butler. Hugh Laing Reeves, Bridgeton, son of James J. and jNlary C. (But- ler) Reeves, was born in Bridgeton, N, J., May 7, 1866, read law with his father, and was admitted as an attorney in February, 1895. William McAdoo, Jersey City, was licensed as an attorney at the November term, 1874, and became a counselor in February, 1879. For many years he practiced his profession with eminent success in Jersey City, and is now assistant secretary of the United States Navy. Ephraim Cutter, Woodbridge, is the youngest son and child of Ephraim and Mary (Stansbury) Cutter, and a grandson of William Cutter, and was born August 11, 1854, in Woodbridge, N. J., where he has alwa5^s resided, and where his father and grandfather were success- ful farmers. His family came to America from England before the Revolutionary war. Mr. Cutter received an academic education in his native town tinder Thomas H. Morris and in Elizabeth under Dr. David H. Pierson, and prepared for college at the Rutgers Grammar School in New Brunswick. He was graduated from Rutgers College with the degree of A. B. in 1874 and with that of A.]\I. in course in 1877, and in the former year began the study of law with Andrew Dutcher of Elizabeth, with whom he remained one year. He continued 664 THE JUDICIAL AND (IVII, HISToKY ()K NKW JKIISKY. his lejjal studies with Maj^iciS: Cross of the same city, and was admitted t«i the bar as an attorney in November, 18T7, and as a counselor in June, ISSl. Early in 18TS he commenced active practice in Wood- bridge, and rapidly attained a foremost position at the bar. I'or many years he has been the leading; lawyer of that town. Mr. Cutter has successfully conducted a larye general practice, especially in the hijjher courts of the Stale lie had charge of obtain- ing the right of way for the Port Reading l)ranch of the Philadeli)hia and Reading Railroad in IS'.H, a work which was both arduous and im- portant. While engaged in this capacity he conducted with unusual success a number of cases arising during the construction period of that enterpri.se. In politics he has always been a Democrat. He was a member of the Woodbridge Township Committee from 1884 to 1889, and for three years served as its chairman. In 1SS7 and again in 1888 he was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly, where he took an active and prominent part in all legislative matters. He was for several years counsel for the township of Woodbridge and is now a member and president of the Woodbridge Board of Education. He is unmar- ried. Wii.i.i AM K. .M' CuKK, Plainfield, was admitted as an attorney in February, 1885, and as a counselcjr in I'Y'bruary, 1S8'.>. He is also a special master in chancery. William M. Mai ki:v, Belvidere, was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney in November, 186+, and as a counselor in February, 18G8. He is an examiner in chancery, a Supreme Court commissioner, and a justice of the peace. James D. Manninc;, Jersey City, became an attorney in February, 1873, and a counselor February, 1877. Anthony Quinton Kkasiskv. — The name of Keasbey is found in the early records of l-'enwick's colony, in tiic county of Salem. Edward Keasbey came there from England in 1G'J4 and his S(jn, I'2dward, mar- ried a daughter of Edward Brad way, jr., a son of Edward Bradway, who owned several thou.sand acres there and was judge of the first Supreme Court of West New Jersey in 1085. Edward Keasbey, the third, great- grandfather of Anthony (J., " was returned a representative to serve in the General Assembly for the colonies of Salem and Cuml)erland," in whicli capacity he served from Xovimbcr. I7t'.:'i, to ITt'i'.t ITc w.is BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 565 elected a deputy for Salem to the Provincial Congress that asseinl)]ed at Trenton in October, 1?75, and attended the session of that CV)ngress held at New Brunswick in 177G, at which the first State constitution was adopted. In 1778 he was appointed a member of the Council of Safety and served during the Revolutionary war. Hisson, Anthony Keasbey, was for a long time clerk of the county of Salem, rep- resented that county in the General Assembly from 1798 to 1801, and also served as a judge of the Common Pleas. Dr. Edward Q. Keas- bey, son of Anthony Keasbey and father of tlie subject of this memoir, was born in 1703, studied medicine witli Dr. Philip Physick, of Philadelphia, and was engaged in active practice in Salem until his death in 1847. On February 27, 1840, he was appointed a judge of the Salem County Court of Common Pleas and in 1844 was nominated one of the presidential electors by the Whig party on behalf of Henrj' Clay. His wife w^as Mary Parry Aertsen, of Philadelphia. Anthony Q. Keasbey was born in Salem, N. J., March 1, 1824. He was graduated from Yale College in 1843, and then began the study of the law, first with Francis L. Macculloch in Salem and afterwards with Cortlandt Parker in Newark. He was admitted to the bar at the Octo- ber term, 1846, as an attorney, and as counselor at the Octc^ber term, 1849. He practiced law for several years in Salem, attending also the Circuits in Cumberland and Cape May, In 1852 he removed to New- ark, and in 1855 entered into a partnership wn'th Cortlandt Parker, his former preceptor, which continued until 1876, nearly twenty one years. Mr. Keasbey soon acquired a large practice in Essex county, and in April, 1861, was appointed United States attorney for the district of New Jersey by President Lincoln. He was reappointed by Presi- dents Lincoln, Johnson, Grant, Hayes and Arthur, and held the office continuonsh^ until the spring of 1886, or for twenty-five years, an un- broken incumbency longer than that of any other United States dis- trict attorney in the Union. Of his fidelity as an officer and his ability as a lawyer no stronger proof than this record could be asked. It is, as has been well said, a testimonial, so to speak, of his official, profes- sional and personal merit signed by the president and the vSenate of the United States and countersigned by the bar of New Jersey. One of the most remarkable cases in which he was engaged as United States attorney was the successful prosecution of the per- sons engaged in a conspiracy to defeat the will of Joseph A. Lewis, of Hoboken, who bequeathed a million dollars to the government, to ftCC THE JUDICIAL AND CIVlI, HISTORY OF NKW JKIISEY he appl e national debt. During: all the twenty-five years of his scrvit^u as ailorney <>f the United States he was actively cn}j:a^ed in private practice and in many important business affairs. Me was the attorney for the Mutual Life Insurance C<»mi)any of New V«»rk from ISr.f^ to 187<5, scrutinizinj^' applications for loans and examininj^ titles to lands in several counties. In March, 1S7«>, on dissolvinyf his partnership wiili Mr. Parker, he associated his two sons, ICdward O. and (ieor^e M., with himself, under the firm name of A. (J. Keasl)ey & Sons, and that name is still retaineil by his sK NKW JKHSKY. ISf*?. On September 30, 18.')4, he luarricd lulwina L., eldest daujjh- Senator Miller, who died August 18, 18KH, Icavinj^ four sons: 1 M., Rowland I*., Lindley M., and Frederick W., and two , . Frances H. and Louisa Fdwina, who are still liviny;. I ' M iNTON Keasbfy, Newark, eldest son of the late Anthony Quinton and Klizabeth (Miller) Keashey, was born in Salem, X. J., July '27, 1840, and came with his father to Newark in 1854. He was j^radualed'witli lu)nors in Princeton Collciiein 18r(;fession is extensive, ecjualing in most respects that of his distinguished father. He is an able advo- cate, a strong and convincing trial lawyer, and a man of the highest attainments and character. As a writer on legal subjects he has won a most enviable rejiutation, and few men are better or more widely known in this connection. He has been the editor of the New Jersey Law Journal since 1870 and of the Hospital Review since 1888, andcon- 'cd numerous legal articles to the Harvard Law Review in ISOI, . - :, 180:i, and 1805. He is also the author of a volume entitled "Law of Electric Wires in Streets and Highways," published in 1802. Octol)er 22, 1885, Mr. Keasl)ey married Miss VA\/ai (Iray I>arcy, daughter of Henry Ci. aiiusin of Edmund Smith, reporter of the Court of Appeals of New York. Ei)W.\Ki) J. Luck, Rutherfcjrd, was admitted in November, 1887, as an attorney, and in November, 18t»0, as a counselor, and is also a special nrasti i .nul examiner in chancery and a Su])reme Court com- missioner. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 571 Walter M. Lyon, Newark, was admitted to the bar in November, 1864, as an attorney, and in June, 1871, as a counselor, William H. Lytle, Princeton, became an an attorney at the No- vember term, 1893, and a counselor three years later. Abraham Browning, Camden, son of Abraham and Beulah (Gouge) Browning, was born on his father's farm near Camden, N. J., July 20, 1808, and died in Camden on the 22d of Au-gust, 1889. His grand- father, George Browning, came from Holland about 1735 and owned extensive fisheries on the Delaware. Mr. Browning was educated at Woodbury Academy and under John Gummere, of Burlington, and read law with Hon. Samuel L. Southard in Trenton, at the Yale Law School, and with Charles Chauncey, of Philadelphia. He was admit- ted to the New Jersey bar in September, 1834, and at once began the active practice of his profession in Camden, where he continued until his death. He became one of the leading lawyers of the State. In constitu- tional law his opinion carried great weight every where. His legal career will always grace the history of the bar of South Jersey, where he achieved the highest honor as a strong and able advocate and won universal respect and confidence as a useful, energetic and enterpris- ing citizen. He was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1844, and the same year Governor Stratton appointed him attorney- general of New Jersey, a position he filled with conspicuous ability for five years. At the Centennial Exposition in 1876, in Philadelphia, he delivered, as the appointed State historian, the New Jersey State day oration, which, like all his public addresses, was a masterly effort. May 23, 1842, he was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Hon. James Matlack, of Woodbury, N. J. George H. Large, Flemington, became an attorney in June, 1875, and a counselor in November, 1878, and is also a special master and examiner in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner. He is a prominent lawyer, and has taken an active part in public affairs. William Henry Lewis, Jersey City, was licensed as an attorney in June, 1876, became a counselor at the June term, 1879, and is a special master and examiner in chancery. Richard Sutphin Kuhl, Flemington, is a .son of Leonard P. and Dorothy (Sutphin) Kuhl, and a great-grandson of Leonard Kuhl, who 672 THK Jl'DK'IAF- AND ciVlI, lllSTOFiY (>K NKW .IKKSKY. came from (icrmany ami settled in IliiiUerdon county, N. J. The Sutphin family came from Zulphen, (iernKin\-. and some of the niem- Ikts participated in the Revoluti(jnary war. Mr Kuhl was born in Karitan township, Iliinterdown county, X. J,, August 2r>, 1H41. was j^raduated from the Lawicnceville School in 18(i(), and read law in I'leminjjton with Bonnet Van Syckel, now a justice of the Su prcme Court. He was admitteil to the bar as an attorney in February, 18<;4, and as a counselor in I"\l)ruary, ISCT, and for many years has been one of the leading lawyers of I'^leminj^ton lie was president judge of the Hunterdon County Courts from ISST tolH'Jl, has been a member at large of the Democratic vState Committee since 18!>5, and in the fall of lSl>r» was clccteil to tlic State Senate for a term of three years. Hknry C. Hi ni, Dcckcrtowu, was licensed in Xoveuibcr. 1ss-2. .is an attorney, and admitted in June, 1887, as a counselor. James A. Kline, Flemington, became an attorney at the February term, 1880, and a counselor at the June term, 1883. RovAi, P. Tri.i.EK, Vineland, son of Dr. I'>mory R. and Jane (Pow- ers) TuUer, was born in Newark, Ohio, February 12, 1850. Dr. Tul- ler, born in Genesee, N. Y., October 1, 1824, was one of the first homeopathic physicians in this country; he practiced in Fairfield, Ohio, from 18-48 to 1853 and in Newark, in the same State, from 1853 to March, 1806, when he removed U) Vineland, X. J., where he died August 4, 1891. In 1851 he was married at Fairfield, Ohio, to Jane, daughter of Dr. Lemuel Powers. She died June 23, 1895. Royal P. Tuller received his education in the common schools of Vineland, where he has resided since 18(JG. He read law with Edwin M. Turner and Major T. W. Walker, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1881, and as a counselor in June, 1892. He successfully fol- lowed a general practice, giving special attention to municipal law and taxes, and is solicitor of the borough of Vineland and the town of Landisin Cumberland county. He is an active and prominent Repub- lican, was elected township collector in 1883, is past master of Vineland Lodge No. 69, F. & A. M., and a nv t.iJx.r of the 'irand Lodge of Masons of the State. Lambert L. Howei.i., Trenton, of Howell cSL- P.rother, was admitted as an attorney in June, 1S72, and as a connseh/r in February, 1881. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 573 Woodbury D.Holt, Trenton, was admitted in Novcnil)crJS(;;j, as an attorney, and three years later as a counselor, and is also an exam- iner in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner. John G. Howell, Trenton, of Howell & Brother, was licensed as an attorney in November, 1876, and became a counselor in Februarv, 1881. Henry L. Franklin, Jersey City and New York, was horn October 10, 1870, in St. Petersburg-, Russia, and is a son of Nathaniel and Esther Franklin, natives of that city. He attended the (iymnasium of Russia at St. Petersburg until 1887, when he came to this country and settled in New York, where he began his legal studies in 1888 at the Law Department of the University of the City of New York. He matriculated at that institution in 1889 and received the degree of LT>.H therefrom in 1893, being admitted to the New York bar as attorney and counselor in the same year. He began active practice in New York, and also read law with William M. Dougherty of Jersey City, and was admitted as an attorney in this State February 2\, 1895. In May fol- lowing he was appointed a master in chancery. Mr. Franklin has practiced his profession since 1895 in both New York and Jersey City. John F. Hawkins, Asbury Park, senior member of the law firm of Hawkins & Durand, was admitted in June, 1880, as an attorney, and in June, 1887, as a counselor. Wilbur A. Heisley, Long Branch, was licensed as an attorney in June, 1879, and became a counselor in June, 1882. He is a special examiner in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner, and senior partner of the law firm of Heisley & Morris, of Long Branch. Peter Bentley, Jersey City, was admitted as an attornev at the November term, 1895 Joseph Cross, Elizabeth, son of William and vSarah L. Cross, was born near Morristown, N. J., December 29, 1843, and received his preparatory education at Pearl Cottage Seminary, of Elizabeth. Enter- ing the sophomore class of Princeton College he was graduated there- from in 1805, and afterward read law with Hon. William J. AL'igie, of Elizabeth, and at Columbia Law School, being admitted to practice in New Jersey as an attorney in June, 1808, and as a counselor in Novem- ber, 1871. He was a partner of his preceptor, Mr. Magie, now chief 574 TUK JUDiriAI. AND (MVII, IIlSTOKV OK NKW JKRSKY. justice, until 1880, and since January, issi, lias been the senior mem- ber of the firm of Cross & Noc, of Elizabeth Mr. Cross has resided in Elizabeth, N. J., since IH.'iS, and in politics has always been a Republican. In January, IHSS, he was appointed judge of the District Court of Elizabeth, but in Ajiril, ISHI, was legis- lated out of oftice in commt)n with other District Court judges of the State. In \S'X\ he was elected to the (leneral Assembly, was made chairman of the Committee on Passed Bills, and on May 2G, 1804, was chosen speaker t)f the House to succeed Mr. Holt, resigned. In 1894 he was re-elected assemblyman, and on the organization of the As.sem- bly in January, 1895, was again chosen speaker. He was a skillfid parliamentarian, and as a lawyer stands among the leaders of the Union county bar. His firm is especially interested in real estate and com- mercial law. He is a director and counsel of the National Fire and Marine Insurance Comj^any and the First National Bank, and an elder in the Westminster Presbyterian Church, all of Elizabeth. D.vNMii. R. BoK K. New Brunswick, came to the bar as an att(jrncy in June, 1870, and as a counselor in June, 1ST;}. He is a special master and examiner in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner. J. Wii.i.iAM B.vcKKs, Trenton, was admitted as an attorney at the June term, 1893, and as a counselor in June, lS9i;. Gkorc. K M. B.vcoN, Camden, came to the bar as an attorney in No- vember, 1801, and as a counselor in February, ISOT). Henry A. Gakdk, Hoboken, was born in Hudson City, now Jersey City Heights, N. J,, September 10, 1857, and was graduated from old j)ublic school No. 2, of that place, in 1872. On leaving school he took up the study of civil engineering with Otto F. Wegener, then city sur- veyor of Hoboken, and remained with him until October, 1874, when he entered the law f)frice of the late John C. Besson, of the same city, as a student. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in Novem- ber, 1878, and since then has successfully practiced his ])rofession in Hoboken, becoming one of the ])rominent members of the Hudson county bar, and making a specialty of the examination of titles to real estate. He is counsel for a number of large corporations, including the Hoboken Bank for Savings and the Industrial Mutual Building and Loan Association of Jersey City. He is also attorney for Hudson coufity in the condemnation prriceedings for land to be taken for the BIOGRAPHTCAL REGISTER. 575 county boulevard. Mr. Gaede has built up a lari^e practice, and is heavily interested in real estate in his native city. Walter H. Bacon, Bridgeton, became an attorney in November, 1884, and a counselor in February, 1888. Isaac O. Acton, Salem, was admitted as an attorney in June, 188'i, and as a counselor three years later, and is also an examiner in chan- cery and a Supreme Court commissioner. Jonathan W. Acton, vSalem, was admitted as an attorney at the June term, 1884, and as a counselor in June, 1877. He is an examiner in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner, and prosecutor of tlie pleas of Salem county Whipple Owen vSayles, Jersey City and New York, is a lineal descendant on his father's side of John Sayles, who, about 1G45, came to Rhode Island with Roger Williams and married the latter's only daughter, Mary. On his mother's side Mr. Sayles is descended from Lieut. -Gov. Daniel Owen, president of the convention in Rhode Island that adopted the constitution of the United States. Mr. Sayles is the son of Whipple and Abigail (Owen) Sayles, and was born in Pascoag^, Providence county, R. I., January 14, 1849. He was graduated from Yale University with the degree of A. B. in 1874 and from Columbia Law School with that of LL. B. in 1876, and was admitted as an attor- ney and counselor to practice in all the State and United States courts of New York in 1876. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney and counselor at the November term of the Supreme Court, 1894, and is engaged in active practice in both Jersey City and New York. On October 5, 1878, he married a daughter of Enoch W. and Melissa (Lyman) Page. Jehu P. Applega'je, Matawan, was admitted in June, 1877, as an at- torney, and in November, 1885, as a counselor. Clarence T. Atkinson, Camden, became an attorney in June, 1886, and a counselor in June, 1889, and is also a Supreme Court commis- sioner. J. E. P. Abbott, May's Landing, was admitted to the bar as an at- torney in November, 1865, and as a counselor in June, 1870. He is also a master and examiner in chancery. Charles T. Abbott, May's Landing, became an attorney at the June term, 1878. S76 THK jrniriAl- and civil, HISTORY OK NKW JKRSK7. Geokc.e S. Gr(>sven«)R, Trenton, was admitted at the June term, 1875, as an attorney, and in June, 187H, as a counselor. Nicholas Hakris, Helvidere. was licensed as an attorney in Novem- ber, 1878, and became a counselor three years later. He is a special master and examiner in chancery and a Supreme Court commissioner. Frkhkrick W.\i.i.i-R Hoi'K, a prominent lawyer of the town of Red Hank, Monmouth county, was born near Nanuet, Clarkstown, Rock- land county, X. Y., January 17, 185:5, on the farm then owned by his father and later by Senator Lexow's family, and with his parents re- sided at dilTerent places in that State (includinj^ New York city) until 18<)5, when they moved to Slirewsbury, Monmouth county, N. J., to •' Allen-Dale," the homesteatl farm of his mother's ancestors named Allen, which his mother acquired partly from her father and partly by purchase from her sisters, which is now the home of his parents and one brother. He received an excellent education, partly in pul)lic schools, but mostly in private schools maintained by his father and family and a few friends who had sons to educate. He was j^raduated from Shrewsbury Institute in ISTO, but conlimicd his stutlies with the aid (»f his parents for several years, while assistinj;" in the manaj^ement of the homestead farm, durinj; his father's absence as State lecturer for the Good Templars and (Grangers, and in S(jnie clnirch work. He was a close student and fond of instructive reading', and his study and regular course of reading together with his business experience before l)ecoming a member of the bar, have been important factors in his successful career. Mr. Hope was engaged in the real estate and fire insurance business at Elizabeth, N. J,, several years, and began his clerkship as a law student there with Judge P. H. Gilhooly, with whom he remained two years and then continued his studies with Hon. John S Applegate of Red Bank, with whom he had been ac([uainted from his youth, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in the November term, lHS-,», and as a couiiselor in November, 188(i, and in that year he was admit- ted to the United .States courts as an attorney and counselor. Mr. Ajiplegate was nominated for the State Senate in the fall of 18S1, while Mr. Hope was a student in his law office, and he was active and interested in the election of Senator Applegate. He had charge of his large law practice while the senator was engaged in the camjxiign, and in the Senate in the three session'; following, and flnring that time, in January, I8s4, I -7^ BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 577 became the law partner of Senator Applcjjatc, untler the name of the present law firm of Applegate & Hope. Mr. Hope has achieved a high place at the bar of Monmouth county, and as one of his firm has been connected with many important and some noteworthy cases in the courts of Monmouth county and the higher courts of New Jersey, and tlie United States courts, in litigation as counsel for the Second National Bank of Red Ikink, Western Union Telegraph Company, Shrewsbury townshi]) and other townships and municipal corporations and other clients. As counsel in Monmouth county for the Riparian Commission and for wealth}- summer residents, who have acquired valuable lands in the vicinity of Red Bank, and several land and railroad comj^anies, he has had extensive experience in examining land titles and real estate law. He is a director in many corporate enterprises, and counsel for several large corporations, is industrious, energetic and persevering and a successful man of affairs. Although interested in politics and efificiently active for good govern- ment, he has frequently declined to be a candidate for oflfice, on the ground that his law business required all his time, and he was too much in love with his profession to be induced to permit the duties of public ofifice to interfere with it, but as counsel for municipalitiec and other clients, and associates in high political positions, he has had a voice in obtaining good legislation, and just administration of public business. He is zealous for the welfare of the town of Red Bank, and Shrews- bury township, where he has large real estate interests, and has done much for the improvement and permanent prosperity of that portion of Monmouth county. He is an officer of the Board of Trade of Red Bank, of which he has been a member since its formation, is a member of many of the fraternal and business organizations of his town, and is an officer of Second Troop of Cavalry, N. G. of N. J., and a trustee and vice-president of the Troop Association, being an expert horseman and pistol shot, and is deeply interested in the National (xuard. October 17, 1888, he was married in New York city to Harriet Newell Bradner, daughter of Rev. Thomas Scott Bradner, chai)lain of the 124th N. Y. Volunteers (Orange Blossoms) and Agnes Hunter Bradner (formerly Wilson). In 189'2 he purchased the homestead residence of the late Hon. Anthony Reckless, with other premises in Red P>ank. and has since occupied the homestead as his residence and it is now known as Fair- hope. uuu 578 THK JUDICIAL AND (MVII, HISTORY oK NKW JKRSEY. Though not a native of New Jersey, his mother and her father and his tt»r several generations were, and Mr. Hope is a patriotic \,^. , ... ;i, and an tamest advocate of the advantages the State possesses Frederick Waller iiope is the son of \Vasliin;;lon Lafayette llupe and Helen Cobb Hope, and a ^^^randson of Reuben Hope, who, with two brothers, Cornelius and Thomas, came tf) this country from ICnj^land about ISOO. Reuben I lope's ancestry included ICn^lish, Scotch, (ierman and French. He married Catharine Taylor, of New York State, whose ancestors were amonj^j the early settlers of America, and whose father, Abner Taylor, was in the Revolutionary war. Their younjicst son was Washinjjton La Fayette Hope, who married Helen Cobb Allen, daugh- ter of George L. Allen and Anna Cocks, at the homestead — Allen-Dale, Shrewsbury, Monmouth county, X. J., September '2«;, 184S, the i)lace of her birth. The homestead farm together with other land.s, was ac- quired by the Aliens, her paternal ancestors, who came from New England to Shrewsbury about Kifjo. It has been c the demands of the community in which he has so long lived. He has been a director, and foremost in protecting its interests, of the M«jrrislown Library and Lyceum since the organization of that in- stitution, and a director of the First National Bank of Morristown. He married Katharine Elmer Coe, the daughter of Judge Aaron Coe, (){ Westfield, N. J. She died several years ago, leaving four chil- dren, two sons and two daughters; two more having died in infancy. Andrew A. Chambkrs, Freehold, was admitted as an attc^rney in June, 1882, and as a counselor in June, 1S!»(;. Pim.ii' T. BoTzoNG, Jersey City, was admitted as an attorney at tin- June term, 1H0:{. Jamks N. BkAiMN, Jersey City, bec.ime an aiioi ik-n hi June, 1ST(;, and is clerk of the District Court of Jersey City. Henry F. Galimn, Somcrville, was admitted to tlie bar (.f this State as an attorney in November, 1HS2, and as a counselor three years later. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 581 Philip J. Briody, Paterson, was admitted to the bar as an attorney in November, 1893. Henry Cooper Pitney, Morristown, is a son of Mahlon Pitney and Lucetta Cooper, his wife, and a grandson of Mahlon Pitney, a soldier in the Revolutionary war, in which his great-grandfather, David Thompson, and Henry Cooper, his mother's ancestor, also served. His great-great-grandfather was James Pitney, whose father, also named James, came to America early in the eighteenth century, having been a manufacturer on London Bridge. The family is found orig- inally at Pitney Parish and Pitney Hundred in Somersetshire, Eng- land, and for nearly two hundred years has lived in Morris countv, N.J. Mr. Pitney, as will be seen, springs from an old and honorable line of ancestry. He was born at Mendham, Morris county, January 19, 1827, and was graduated from Princeton College in June, 1848. Hav- ing decided upon the law as a profession, he prosecuted his legal studies with Theodore Little and Hon. Ira C. Whitehead, both of Mor- ristown, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in July, 1851, and as a counselor in November, 1854. On his admission he settled in active practice in Morristown, where he soon won a large clientage and came into prominence as an able lawyer and advocate. His tastes ran largely to scientific questions and to equity law. In 18G2 he was ap pointed prosecutor of the pleas of Morris county and served a term of five years. In this as in every capacity he was industrious, persever- ing, and painstaking, and achieved a high reputation. For several years he also acted as advisory master in chancery. On April 9, 1889, Chancellor McGill appointed him vice chancellor, which position he still holds, having been reappointed in 1896. In the absence of the chancellor he has been three times appointed, under the statute, a master to act for that official. He was also one of the first ten advis- ory masters appointed by the late Chancellor Runyon in ])ursuance of a statute passed for the purpose. Before his appointment as vice-chancellor Mr, Pitney's practice had become very extensive, and he was frequently called upon to act as counsel in important cases in different parts of the State. His skill in the trial of causes obtained f(n- him a very enviable reputation as a barrister. He has given to his profession an enthusiastic devotion, which, added to his high attainments, resulted in obtaining for him ft82 THK JI'DICIAI- AND CIVIL HIST()|{V OK NKW JKKSKY a foremost rank among jiractitioncrs .it ilie bar of New Jersey. His mind is exceedingly analytical ; he delights in the examination of the st legal principles; as a collater of decisions, and in the ap- 1 of tlu)se decisions, he has no superior; his argumentative powers are very great; his addresses to courts, where intellect i)re- vails, arc pf>werful and convincing, and listened to with profound resjjcct; he is keen in his perception of the real question at issue in cases submitted to him and rarely fails in ascertaining at once where lies the real ground upon which must rest the decision of a legal con- test Mr. Pitney carried to the office of vice-chancellor many qualifications for the proper performance of the duties of that important position. His long e.xperience in the trial of causes enabled him to sift and analyze the testimony of witnesses and to grou[) together the salient facts in the cause; his profound knowledge of legal principles (pialified him to apply those principles to facts; his alertness of mind fore- shadows the end from beginning, and his keen perception of the differ- ences between the nice shades of right and wrong gives liini the abil ity to make equitable decisions. Mr. Pitney is always ready to resjjond to any demands made upon him as a citizen, and is keenly alive t(j all public matters. While de- lighting in legal studies he never has lost his hold upon literary sub- jects and is a most omniverous reader. He is a warm hearted man of fjuick sympathies, ever ready to aid a friend by counsel or in any sub- stantial manner, public spirited and patriotic. He has been a director since its organization and one of the ruling s])irits in the Morristown Library and Lyceum; for many years a director in the National Iron Bank at Morristown, jiresident of the M'"'-'- A'jueduct Company, and trustee in the First Presbyterian church He was married on April T, IftoIJ, in New V<»rk city, to Sarah Louisa ILilsted, daughter of Oliver and Sarah (Oanc) Halsted, of IClizabeth and Newark, N. J. They have several children, among them Hon. Mahlf»n Pitney, the i)resent congressman fiom tiic l'"ourth C<»ngres- sional district. Wii.i.iAM J. Briodv, Paterson, was admitted as an attorney at the November term, 1895. Cmari.f.s E. Harris, Belvidcre, was licen.sed as an attorney in June, 188.'). He is county clerk «>f Warren county. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER. 58.J Jerome D. Gedney, Jersey City, of the firm of Bentley & Gedney, was admitted in November, 1895. He resides in East Orange. John T. Bird, Trenton, was born in the township of Bethlehem, Hunterdon county, N. J., August 16, 1829, and spent all his early life with his father at farming and attending the common schools of the neighborhood. In November, 1848, he took charge of a day school in Monroe county, Pa., and remained there during the following winter. In April, 1849, he entered the academy at Hackettstown, N. J., and continued there for eighteen months. Soon after he commenced the study of law with the late Augustus G. Richey, of Trenton, who then resided at Asbury, Warren county, N. J., and five years later, in No- vember, 1855, he was licensed as an attorne}'. One of these five years he spent in teaching school in the district in which he had always lived. He practiced law in his native county — first in Bloomsbury, then in Clinton, and later in Flemington — from 1855 to 1882. During the most of that period the bar of Hunterdon county attracted no little attention because of the fact that the principal counsel in attendance there were Alexander Wurtz, George A. Allen, and A. V. Van Fleet, all now de ceased, and Bennet Van Syckel, now a Supreme Court justice. He re ceived his counselor's license in June, 18G2. In 1862 Mr. Bird was appointed prosecutor of the pleas for the county of Hunterdon and served five years. He was elected to Congress from the Third Congressional district in 1868 and re- elected in 1870, and while in Congress was a member of the committees on pensions and naval affairs. He addressed the House several times on the subjects of the tariff and reconstruction. In politics he has always been a Demo- crat and an earnest advocate of revenue reform. In 1876 he was appointed a member of the State Constitutional Convention by Gover- nor Bedle. On April 8, 1882, Chancellor Runyon appointed him vice- chancellor and at the expiration of his term of seven years he was re appointed by Chancellor McGill. This position caused his removal U) Trenton in 1882, where he has since resided. By virtue of his office he heard causes of equity in different districts throughout the State, such causes having first been referred to him by the chancellor. The most important cases heard and decided by Vice Chancellor Bird were Trotter vs. The Lehigh Zinc and Iron Company, Limited, which involved the true construction of a mining agreement; Angel vs. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company, involving the right of a TIIK JIDICIAI, AND CIVII. IIIST(JKY (iK NKW JKHSKY. citizen of Camden, who lived near the company's track, to be protected by injimction from the nuisance resulting- from shiftinj^ the cars (if the company directly opposite his house; and Ocean Beach vs. Jowl, which involved a title to a portion of the land claimed by the complain- ant. In these ca.ses Vice- Chancellor Bird was sustained in all the ])rin- cipal points by the Court of ICrrors and Appeals. He also heard the case of Hutchins, exor. vs. Henry (ieorjje et als. . in which the c<»urt was asked to declare a gift of a fund to be applied to the circulation of the works of Georjje a valid trust. The vice-chancellor declined to sustain the gift as a valid trust, sayin^j^^ that to do so would be against .sound public policy. His opinion was reversed in the Court of I^rrors and Appeals. It is in this case that his wisdom and foresi;.jht has been vindicated beyond all question, especially since the occurrence of riots, etc., at Pittsburg, Bufi'alo, and Chicago. Having served tw(j terms as vice chancelJDr with great credit and universal satisfaction, Mr. Bird retired from tlie bench and resumed the ])ractice of his i)rofession in Trenton. He is one of the leading lawyers of the State, and a man widely respected and esteemed. GEORf.K GiLKERT, Camdcu, senior member of the firm of Gilbert & Atkinson, became an altorney in I'ebruary, 1SS4, and a counselor in February, 18S7. Ai.KXANDER R. FiTHiAN, Brid<;i.i< Hi , \\a>. admitted to the New Jlt- sey bar at the February term, 1880. Frkdkric Wii.i.i AM Si KVKNS, Jersey City, was born in lloboken, N. J., June 0, 184*;. He received a good pre]iarat-^. ANTn«)NV KNGKi.iiRF.cnr, Jersey City, was admitted to the bar as an att»)rney in June, 1882, and as a counselor in June, ISS.O, and is also a Supreme Court commissioner. Hon. Jamks Buch.\nan, Trenton, born in Rin^oes, Hunterdon county. X. J., June 17, 1839, is a son of Samuel R. and Elizabeth Buchanan, and descends on his father's side from Scotch ancestry who came direct from Scotland and settled near Flemington and on his mother's side from En<;lish settlers near Clinton, both in Hunterdon county. He was educated in the common schools and at Clinton Academy, and read law at Clinton with Hon. John T. Bird, now vice- chancellor, and also at the Law School of Albany University. He was admitted to the bar at Trenton as attorney in November term, 18G4, and as counselor at the same term in 18G0. He was a member of the Board of Education and Common Council of the city of Tren- ton, was law judge of Mercer county from 1874 to 1879, and member of the 49th, 50th, olst, and 52d Congresses frer. 18'.tl. Francis Chiid, Morristown, was born in Morristown, N. J., in \x\'i. His father was a life-long resident of that city, and for more than three consecutive terms a judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Morris county. The son entered the office of Theodore Little, in Morristown, as a student at law, was licensed as an attorney in 18G7 and as a coun- selor in 1870. He began the practice of his profession at once in his native town, and continued it successfully until 1878, in which year the Legislature of New Jersey enacted a law which changed the constitu- tion of Courts of Common Pleas in the various counties in the State. For many years there had been very strong objections in the minds of lawyers against these courts as they had been officered up to that time. There had been no lawyer appointed among the judges. Interests of the very highest importance were subject t(.) their jurisdiction, especially in the Orphans' Court, where the largest estates were settled, trust estates adjusted, and the rights of individuals determined. Legal prin- ciples of the most intricate character were presented for solution, con- struction of statutes demanded, and no educated jurist among the judges to decide. This state of afTairs was deemed very disadvantageous, especially to suitors and generally to the community at large. The bar and the citizens became restive and a change was recpiired. An attempt was made early in the century to remedy these defects. In addition to all this, the number of judges might be unlimited, and as appointments to this office were made for political services, the ques- tion of politics could not be eliminated in the settlement of cases by the court. So in 1878 the Legislature limited the number of judges to three and required that the presiding judge should be a counselor of ten years' standing. This law created a new order of things, and the Courts of Common Pleas became very respectable tribunals. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTP^R. 589 Among the very first appointees in the State as presiding judges was Francis Child, who received his commission from Gov. George P*. Mc- Clellan on the 26th day of February, 1878. He was twice reappointed and was serving his third term wlien Gov. George T. Werts appointed him one of the three Circuit Court judges authorized by an act of the Legislature passed March 9, 18!»;3. This position he is still holding. Judge Child, before he went on the bench, had exhibited qualities which fully showed that he was fitted for judicial appointments, and the manner in which he has performed the duties of both offices has proved that his friends were not mistaken. He was a young man when he was first appointed, but he brought to the position the experience gained by a practice of ten years at the bar. But this experience would not have aided much if he had not been equipped with other at- tainments. These assisted him, equipped him for the performance of his duties, but after all he would have been unsuccessful if he had not possessed other qualifications. He has gained the confidence of the bar, and has been successful as a trial judge. There is perhaps no jurist on the bench who is so familiar with the decisions found in the New Jersey law and equity reports. He has made these books the sub- ject of the most industrious study and research, and is rarely at a loss when called upon to cite the name of a case and the volume, sometimes the very page, applicable to the principle involved in suits before him. He has great alertness of mind, good sound common sense, and a men- tal grasp which enables him to sift testimony, judge of the truthfulness of witnesses, and apply principle to fact. Since he went on the bench of the Court of Common Pleas the vol- ume of business in that court has increased immensely; a large number of very large estates has been brought to him for settlement and dis- tribution. His other judicial appointment has been confined to the county of Essex, where the list of causes for each term largely exceeds, in number, that of any other county in the vState. By his manner of disposing of the trials, the wisdom of his decisions, and his alertness, he has secured the confidence of the bar, and counsel are willing to en- trust to him the trial of the most important causes. His charges to jurors are simple, easily understood, and direct to the real issue. Juries listen to him with profound respect and confide in his statements of legal principles, He is a patient listener, a most important charac- teristic in a judge, one for which Chief Justice Marshall was remark-. 690 TMK jrniCIAI, AND CIVIL HISTORY OF NKW JERSSIY, able. lie is in the prime of life, in the full vijjor of mind and Ixxly, and has many years of usefulness before him. RuTiiKKKoKi) Coi.KMAN, Trenton, was admitted to the bar as an at- torney in June, 1S78, and as a eounselor in June, I SSI, and is also a special master and examiner in chancery and a Sui)reme Court com- missioner. Cokri.ANDr Pakkkk, Ju., Newark, born in Newark on the 17th of August, 1857, is a son of Hon Cortlandt and IClizabeth W. (Stites) Tarker, and was educated in the Newark Academy, St. Mark's School at Southboro, Mass., Pinj^ry's School at Elizabeth, N. J., and Rutyfers College, jjraduatin^ from the latter institution as A. 15. in IS^S and as A.M. in ISSl. He read law in the oflice of Cortlandt and Wayne Parker, was j^raduated from the Columbia Law School in 1881. and was admitted to the New Jersey bar as attorney in June, 1881, and as counselor in November, 188."). Orestes Cook, Bridgeton, came to the bar as an attorney in June, 1877, and as a counselor in June, 1880. Austin Van CiiEsoN, Newark, born in Montclair, Essex county, N. J., September 10, 1852, is a son of Arzy Emmons Van Gieson, of Essex county, and Sarah ICentcr his wife, of the county of Passaic. lie was educated in the common schools, under private tutelage, and at Pen- nington Institute, and from 1870 to 1874 read law at Newark with the late Hon. Theodore Runyon, and at Elizabeth in the oflice of J. A. Fay, jr. He was admitted to the New Jer.siv bar in June term, is' 1. and resides in Montclair. Aaron V. Dawes, Trenton, was admitted as an attorney in Novem- ber, 1888, and as a counselor three years later. INDEX JUDICIAL AND CIVIL HISTORY. Abbett, Leon, 364 Act allowing counties to change their boundary lines, 320 for "establishing" schoolmasters in New Jersey, 155 of 1719 providing for running a par- tition line, 315 of 1749 to define boundary line be- tween Somerset and Morris, 319 Action of the colonies during the war, 342, 343 of the Legislature in reference to the letter of Ingoldsby to the Queen, 214 of the soldiers after the close of the Revolution, 359 "Acts of Oblivion," 1675, 132 Adams, John, 359 Administration of Governor Lewis Mor- ris, 238-246 Adrianse, Maryn, 8 • Alexander, James, 251 Amendments to the constitution, 327 Ancient tribunals, no rules for the guid- ance of, 372 Anderson, John, acting governor, 232 William, 200 Andrison, Lawrence, 131 Andross, Sir Edmund, appointed gov- ernor, 78 attempts authority over all New Jersey, 80 Andross's acts repudiated by the Duke of York, 81 invasion, 185 proclamation affirming prior grants, 79 Answer of the Assembly of 1710 to the governor's speech, 209 to the "Memorial" of the Proprietors of East Jersey, 167-167 Appointment of vice-chancellors, 507 Argall's expedition, 5 Articles of Confederation, the, 342 Assanpink, Pensauquiu and Old Man's Creeks, 308 Assembly of 1706, 199 Atlantic county erected, 324 Aynsley, "William, 392 Bailey, John, 107 Baptist church in New Jersey, the sec- ond, 109 Barclav, Robert, 181 Basse, 'Jeremiah, 186, 388 Bayard, Balthasar, 91 Baylis, John, 100, 101 Beasley, Mercer, 475 Bedle, Joseph I)., 364, 478 Belcher, Jonathan, governor, 251, 505 Bergen, settlement and history of, 85-92 county, boundaries of, 304 first settlement in, 5 Berkeley, Lord, 24, 29, 32, 73 and Carteret acted in concert up to 1672, 78 Berkeley's name ignored in the new grant, 76 Bernard, Francis, governor, 254, 505 Bernard's. Governor, administration, 256-261 Berry, John, 131 Billinge, Edward, 74-77, 137, 143. 187 Bird, John T., 508 Bishop, John, 123, 131 Bloomfield, James, 360 Joseph, 511 jr., Thomas, i:>l B.<)llen, James, 101, 117, 123, 129, 131 Bond, Robert, 116 Boone, Thomas, 254, 261, 505 Boudinot, Elias, 342, 347, 407 Elisha, 406 Bound, John, 112, 131 Boundaries of the nine counties at the time of the surrender, 309-312 Boundary line between Somerset, Mid- dlesex and Monmouth counties, 317 &9a INDKX. I'x'undary lines of counties, :t*22. :(2:i 1- \...i,.... wu :"l. III."! I ii..-l((.'> : skftrh of. 211 lUiri T. 221 229 ifd jjovcriior of M.is-.ulr.isfUs. ■.••-■'.» <■'••■• ^■'■■■••.in. 1 ' ercelcd. H2»» ' , 1.1 Ncill. 18:5, 1S.J (.itiipr. Wiiiiam, HM{ i ,i;'i M.'iv iKiiiily. ;j()7 Ixjundaries of, ;5()!( rhanijt' in Ixmiidarv of, 1507 r , 111 '.', 22 c.iiii... .-i: *.<.-., ,v;c-, 24, 2y. :}2. -11, (111, 70, 74-7U Carlcret's "directions, instructions and orders," 70 title rccojrnized by Charles II. 7!i and Penn's title denied by certain landholders, 77 Carteret. James. 128 Philip, H4. M5. yi, OS, lou, 101. 1():{, 107, los, i;m. 180 and the quit rent disinite, 128 characteristics of, 121 commission to, as governor of East Jersey, 72 first proclamation for a meeting of the Legislature, 84 goes to England, 120 growing uninjpularity of. 120 imprisoned by Andross, 81 recognizes titles granted by Nicolls at Elizabeth Town, 98 Causes of contention after the treaty of : • u. . :U8, 349 ' the Assembly of 1705 towards y, 198 of i.;uvcrnment, the, 180. in practice of Court of Chancery in alimony, 507 Chat. law of descent, 334 ^'har.i, i.'.vernor Carteret's thirty immigrants, 122 of '.].<■ ir.. inbersof the Constitutional -.n. :i51 Char.> of the first deputies, 11.-) Chetwowl John, 406 •'■ • ■ •• ' k. 5 *- M .^., 461 College of New Jersey, chartering of, 247 Collins, flilbert, 497 Colonists elect a legislature which ap- jjoinls James Carteret governor, 128 Commissif)n to define boundary lines l>e- tween New York and New Jersey, ami between East and West Jersev. 220 Committee of Safety, the. 299. :{30 •• Company of Koyal Adventurers Trad- ing with Africa." 97 Comparison between Ctirnbury's "in- structions" and the "Grants and Con- cessions," 177 of first and nuKlern courts, 372 of laws of both provinces, 155 of i)roprictary and royal rule, 201 200 Camposition of the Assembly of 1770. 209 "Concessions and Agreements." the. 137-143 Condit. Silas. 300 Condition of alTairs jirior to the opening of the 18lh centurv, 100 of laud titles. Hi' of legislative and judicial affairs in 1005, 41 of the colonies at the breaking out of the Revolution, 341 of the countrv at the close of the war, 34:5-345 Confiscation of estates of tories, 333 Conflicting claims of the Dutch and Eng- lish, 4, 5 Consequences of the U"ansfer of the gov- ernment, 170 Consolidation of the provinces and ap- pointment of Ix)rd Cornbury as gover- nor, 170 Constitution, the first, 300 of 1776, 302 and the courts, 377 found lacking, and attempts to change, 301 recognized the Court of Chan- cery. 506 of 1844 made the chancellor an inde- pendent oflicer, 506 Cf)nstitutional Convention of 1844. 362- 304 of the States, 350-357 three parties in the. 352 Contrast between the penal codes of East and West Jersey, 375 Controversy between East Jersey and the Proprietors brought to a climax, 248 INDEX. 593 Controversy between the Legislature and Corn bury about raising money, 192 Conveyances of land, 317 Cooper, John, 300 Cornbury, governor, 188 attempts to control elections, 194 dismissed, 204 Cornbury's action relative to courts, 378 " instructions," 171 reply to the remonstrance of the Legislature, 203 speech, 189 Cosby, William, governor, 232 Council and Assembly, the, 339 of Safety, powers of the, 330 the first,' 116 Counties, boundaries of the first four, in East Jersey, 304, 305 creation of four, in East Jersey, in 1082, 304 divided into townships, 305 first mention of, 303 twenty-one, in the State, 327 County and Township Committees, 299 Circuit Courts, 379 Court at Newark created in 1666, 368 of Admiralty, erection of, 334 Appeals under the constitution of 1776, 378 Chancery, 376 Chancery, existed from Cornbury's time, 504 Common Right, 371 three kinds of, created by the Legis- lature in 1675, 370 Courts at Burlington and Salem, 307 in Monmouth in 1667, 370 changes made in, in 1682, 371 not established on a systematic plan till the 18th century, 366 of Sessions, 374 of small causes, 871 Covenhoven, John, 301 Coxe, Daniel, 187, 209. 219, 390, 391 Crane, Jasper, 107, 123 Stephen, 283 "Crown lands," 67 Cumberland county, bcnuidary of, 319 Dalrimple, Van Cleve, 480 Dane, Nathan, 354 Dayton, William L., 431, 521 Death penalty, no enactment in West Jersey providing for the, 375 Declaration of Independence approved by the Provincial Congress, 329 Dedrich, Hans, 131 Deed of Berkeley to John Fen wick, and by Fenwick to Penn and others, 74 of release of claim to impost duties granted and confirmed by the Duke of York to William Penn and associates, 159 Defects in the articles of Confederation, 347 De Hart, John, 283, 400, 401 Dennis, Robert, 108 Samuel, 131 Denton, Daniel, 107 Deportment of inhabitants under the new State government, 332 Depue, David Ayres, 482 Distinction between the letters patent to York and the release by him to Berkeley and Carteret, 31 Dick, James, 301 Dickerson, Mahlon, 361, 411, 414, 514 Philemon, 361, 523 Discontent of people, 120 Discussion, in 1709, in (Jovernor's Coun- cil relative to Court of Chancery, 497- 506 of the propriety of objections to the payment of quit rent, 126 Dissatisfaction in Middletown and Shrewsbury, 123 Dissolution of the Legislature by Corn- bury, 192 Division into East and West Jersey, 76 into two sections hindered establish- ment of courts, 366 Dixon, jr., Jonathan, 490 Dod, Daniel. 417, 514 Dodd, Amzi, 507 Drake, (ieorge King, 423 Dudley, Joseph, 183 Duke of York, Charles H's new grant to the, 6'; claim to impost duties 156 Dunn, Hugh, 109 Dutch again in possession of New Am- sterdam, 23 and Puritans, negotiations between the, 95 grants of land, 8 influence, spread of,6 rule, end of, 19 results of. 20 .settlements in Southern New Jersey, 8 titles to land in New Jersey, 65 Earl of Pe'. thand Lord Campbell, 161 Early population not homogeneous, 366 Ed.sail, Samuel, 116 504 INKKX. 1 i ivc EInu I 7J> "ill, 2H0 , Cuinl)crlaiul and <> vole in their respect- I..;i.i::..in. .KM) Lucius. O. C. 446 KliraU-th Town, 41 ; settlement and liis- [<>iv Mt, '.t:t lo,') I'tmiut. Tii'itnas Addis, 417, TiH Iltmty, John R., 507, 508 V.U'l of thc"CTTnnts and Concessions" a:!ii ■•<.'. iiid Ajjreenients,"'170 I'.ss, \ i.ii; iaries of, ;}(I4 Kwinj;, Chatit s. Uo F I'lii II 'i'homas, ;JS9 . Peter. 203 1 - and Democrats, JJOO • I ctiilily ■ oath, 1075, ]Xi Kenwick,' John, 74. 7«, 77.210, 211 I'erry across the Delaware at Hurlinjrton, 217 ^ First Assembly under the Constitution, 331 Court at Herjs'en in 10(51, 3fi7 discovery, 1 issue of paper currency, 207 legislation under the' constitution. 333 levtislative action about courts in 1075, 370 I- . importance of the, 114 'I •!>; (lav, 135 Fisht;. ,:.^k. 25»7 Ford, (^.abricl II.. 411. 417. 41M Fort. (leorge F.. 3C4 Four county courts, 303 families from Jamaica at Elizabeth Town. 98 names of the associates of the, at Elizabeth Town, 102 Franklin. Henjamm, 'M], 352, 359 William, Governor, 254 497, 504. 505 administration of. 203 and the Legislature, relations of 2ft5-2H8 arrest and confinement of. 28S, 289 Freehold, sketch of 311 " Freemen." 83 FrelinRhuvsen. Frederick, 297 ^ T' • ' 116 " Fui Agreements." the, of the Nf rs, 4H-.50 "'■'"' of the West Jersey LcK i 14-146 (Jalloway, Joseph. 341 Ciardinef. Thomas. IMS. 194. 209 Harrison. Charles Grant, 495 General Assembly, the. 83 George I becomes king. 218 Gibbons. Thomas. 514 Oilman. Charles. 109 John. 131 Gomez, Stephen, 2 (Jordon, Thomas, 200. 2(»9, 3S0. .504 Governor made chancellor. 500 Grand juries, 372 (irant to Berkeley and Carteret by Duke of York, 24 to the Duke of York, 13 to Sir Kutics at the second session to the (lovernor and Council, and answer, ri.*) Mev. Cornelius, H MiiJu:<..n. IClias, VM y\ ounty, boundaries of, TO5 M 1. romantic tale concerning •rnunt of, 110 .\!..:;ins. Jacob. 10.-., \2:\ M..,ni>esson. Roger. 209, 'i.VA. :{H',' :!S|, :{S7. .'»0-l Monmouth county, Iwundaries of, IJOo grant, copy of the. 59-61 description of the county con- veyed by the, 61 Montgomerie. John, governor. 229-2:U Moore, Samuel. 123. 124 Morris county. Ixjundary of, 818 (louverneur. :J5!{ Lewis. 201, 2n:!, 201, 2((!t. 232; sketch of. 233 246; 38<». 390, .-)04 Robert, 352, 401. 402 Robert Hunter. 391-393 Sussex and Cumberland counties each allowed two representatives, 321 Murray, Joseph, 251 Negotiations with William and Mary for the surrender of the government. 163 Nevill. Samuel, 393, 394 Nevius, James S., 438 New Amsterdam, attack on, by Col. Nicolls, 18 New Einglanders, the. and the Dutch, 9 New Jersey Committee of Correspon- dence, the. 292 derivation of name of, 28 New Jersey's tea party. 27H New Netherlands finally restored to Eng- land by the peace of VVestminster, 24 territory under the name of, 9 Newark, division of land and establish- ment of streets in, 105 first deputies, for General Assembly, from, 107 people, relations of, to the church, 107 settlement of, 44-50 settlement and history of. lO."! KiT Newark's action regarding (piit rents, 127 Newell, William A.. 364 Nicolls. Col. Richanl, 18, 28, 51 copv of commission to, by huke of York. 51-53 api)lication to, of six inhabitiints of lamaica to buy land in New Jersey, "54 extract from deed by, 57 ; 98. 99 Nicollss commission, effect of, 53 proclamation, terms of, 54, 55 Nixon, John T., 526 Oath of allegiance, 1675. 134 Oaths of abjuration and allegiance. 331 Ocean county erected, 326 Ogden. Aaron, 361, 417, 513 David, 393, 395. 396, 4(K), 498 .504 IClias Houtlinot Dayton, 415 John, 107, 108 jr., John. 105 Lewis, 300 Olden, Charles S., 364 Ollive, Thomas, 146, 187, 376 Opinion of the Hoard of Trade concern- ing the transfer of government, 169 Opinions concerning the Court of Chan- cery, 498-504 Opposition totioveruor Hunter, 219 Outuut, Fabrus, 123, 130 Paauw\ Michael, 89 Pardon, William, IKi Parker. Elisha. 209 Joel, 364, 469 Part of Essex annexed to Somerset, 318 Partition line between East and West Jersey, 313 Passaic county erected, 324 Paterson. William, 297. 355, 508 '• Patroons." 89 Penn, William, 74-77. 137 Pennington, Ephraim. 411 William. 361. 413. 524 William S., 361, 411, 515 Perth Am boy. advantages of. as a port of enlrv, 16« Pierce, Daniel, 107-109. 116. 123 Joshua. 108 Pike. John. 109, 131 Piuhorn, John. 2(H Pinhorne. William, 208, 209, 382.384, 385 Piscataway, 107, 109 Pitney. Henry C, .508 Plum,' Samuel, 106 Portland Pc.ynt, 112 Potts, Sta<\'<",.,nliii(t IIS. 521 INDEX. 597 Power of legislation vested in governfn-, council and deputies, 83 Price, Benjamin, 131 Rodman M., 364 Process of enacting a law, 190 Provincial Congress of 1776, 399 Convention, the, 283 perpetuates itself, 330 Provision made to prevent errors in the practice of the courts, 332 Quakers not permitted to sit on juries, ~212 Qualifications of voters and representa- ■^ fives, 197 Quarrel between the Assembly and Corn- bury brought to the Queen's attention, 204 between Cornbury and the Assembly over the appointment of clerk, 200, 201 between governor and colonists about quit rent, 126 Quarry, Robert, 209 Question of separation from New York advocated, 232 Quintii^artite deed, the, 74 Quotations from Cornbury's " instruc- " tions," 172-177 from statutes of both provinces, 147- 154 Radical changes m the government by the constitution of 1776, 338 Randolph, Edmund, b55 Joseph F. , 442 Theodore F., 364 Read, Charles, 393, 394, 498 Reading, John, acting governor, 252, 254 Recording of deeds and other documents, 154 of deeds, 218 Reed. Alfred, 491, 508 Re-enacting laws, 135 Reid, John, 117 Religious legislation upon the accession of George I, 225 Remonstrance of the Legislature against Cornbury, 201 Removal of Cornbury, 178 Reply of the Proprietors to the answer of the Council of Trade. 168 Representation by counties, 210 Richardson, Richard, 112 Right of English King to transfer gov- ernmental authority, 30 Gardner, Lambert and Wright to sit in the Legislature challenged. 194- 197 Right of sovereignty <>f Lords Proprie- tors, 67 Roger Williams and Rhode Island, 34 Rossell, William, 411, 414 Rudyard, Thomas IHl Runyon, Theodore, 526 Rverson, Martin, 455 Thomas, C, 429 Salem, 307; sketch of, 210 county, boundaries of, 30.S Sallar, Richard. :J93 Sandford, William, 214 Scudder, Edwanl W., 4S7 Nathaniel, 342 Sealey, Elias P., 518 Second Provincial Congress, the, 297 session of the Legislature, 123 Sergeant, Jonathan 1)., 297. 300 Servility of the Legislature of 1704 to the governor, 197 Settlements on the east bank of the Del- aware, 129 Settlers of Newark, characteristics of the first, 44 et seq. Shattock, William, 131 Shrewsbury, 112 Skein, John, 187 " Slaves" and " white servants," 215 Smith, Isaac, 402 John, 108 Richard, 283 Samuel, 498 Smyth, Frederick, 279, 394, 395, 400, 498 Somerset countv, boundaries of, 306 Sonmans Peter, 209, 504 " South Company, The," 10 Southard, Samuel L., 361, 411, 416, 514, 518 Southern settlements, capture of, by Sir Robert Carre, 19 Spicer, Jacob, 220 Stanford, William, 131 Statehood, beginning of, 328 Statutes, thirtv-seven, passed by Legis- lature of 167'5, 132 Steenhuysen, Eugelbert, 91 Steenmetts, Gasper, 91 Steuben, Baron, gift to. 334 Stevens, Frederic W., 508 Stockton, Richard, 397-399, 400. 498, 514 Stocum, John, 131 Stout, Richard, 110, 111 Stratton, Charles C, 364 Stuyvesant, Gov. Peter, 18 Suit to settle partition line, 316 Supreme Court, first term of the, in the Colony, 382 bOB INDKX. Supreme Court of Apiwals treated in 16U:{. h:4 the first session iiixlcr the lon- slitution of iTTf], -KX) Surrender of t!i' nciil to Oueen Anne, and it-^ c. lOU Sussex county, iH>r.mi;ii \ of, '.ViO Svmmes. John Clevcs! 3()(>. :{9U. 4(t:{. ■KM Swain, Samuel. Lieut, 107, 12:1 Sweetween the mother country and the colonies. 262. 263 Tucker, Samuel. 207, 400 Tnited petition of the Proprietors of Kast and West Jersey, 167 VaiKiuellin. Robert. 9S, ]{)], pi:!, lirj, i:',i, 463 \';in I'leet, Abraham V.. ."iO? \'an Rensselaer, Kilian, 89 \'an Syckel, Hennet, 4H.') Van Vleck, Tielman, 91 Van Werckhoven. Cornelis, 94 Verlett, Nicholas 9, 116 X'enazzano, John, 1 X'irginia. tlif, and the New Jersey Plans before the Constitutional Convention, 3.')r) \'on Twiller, Wouter, 91 Vredcnburgh. Peter, 452 Vroom. Peter I)., 361. 516, 518 Wall, Garret I)., 361. 518 Ward, John, 131 Marcus L., 364 Wards and precincts, 322 Warren county erected, 323 Washington, (leorge, 3.53-3.^5 Walson, Luke. 107, 108, 124 Weakness of the proprietary government, 161 Welsh, William, 187 Werls. George T. , 364 West Jersey, first Legislature of, 143 Proprietors, terms olTered by, to immigrants, 136 Whelpley, Kdward W., 457 White, John Moore, 428 Wliilehead, Ira Condict, 439 Williamson, lienjamin. 526 Isaac II., 361, 362, 515 Wilson. James, 352 Winterton, Thomas, 113, 124 Wilherspoon, John. 342 Rev. Dr., 397, 398 Woodbridge, 107-109 Woodhull, George Si)ofFord, 466 Wright, Joshua, 19 Written protest of commissioners against the claim to impost duties, 162 Wurts, Alexander, 362 Wyoming catastrophe, the, 345 Zabriskie, Abram O., 507, 526 INDEX. ;"*9!» PART II. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER Abbett, Leon, 140 jr., Leon, 141 « William F. , 141 Abbott, Charles T., 575 J. E. P., 575 Abeel, Gustavus N., 477 Ackerson, jr., Garret, 486 John Zabriskie, 496 Acton, Isaac O., 575 Jonathan W. , 575 Adams, Edwin Galloway, 3 Frederic, 100 Adrain, Garnett B., 453 Robert, 526 Aitken, James S., 413 Alexander, William Cowper, 413 Allen, Elijah P., 392 Frank B., 161 George A., 446 Horace L , 3 Jacob C, 496 jr., Robert, 376 William Linn, 547 Allinson, D. Cooper, 368 Altman, Adolph, 543 Alvord, Henr}- S., 300 Alward, Joseph, 454 Anderson, Albert Day, 274 Daniel Stuart, 487 George Allen, 486 George W., 311 Harry Randolph, 209 Joseph, 366 Leroy H., 408 William T., 478 William Wallace, 478 Angle, George Albert, 315 Angleman, Winfield Scott, 328 Antrim, Isaac E., 303 Apgar, W. Holt, 4 Applegate, Daniel Herbert, 467 Jehu P., 575 John Stillwell, 101 Appelget, Adrian S., 273 Armstrong, Amzi. 432 Edward Ambler, 305 jr., Mervyn, 180 Arrowsmith, Eusebeus Walling, 503 jr., Eusebeus W., 504 Thomas v., 504 Atkinson. Clarence 'I\, 575 Jarvis Norris, 180 Samuel A.. 4S0 Atwaler, Edward Sanford, 4 Axtell, Charles K.. 1H4 Avers, Samuel E., 513 Babbitt, Robert O., 192 William JL, 457 Babcock, Charles C, 368 Backer, lidmund A.. 5 Backes, Albert J., 514 John H., 514 J. William, 574 Peter, 279 Bacon, (ieorge ]\I., 574 Walter H., 575 Bacot, John V., 262 Bainbridge, Willis P., 319 Baldwin,' Henry R., 318 Samuel H., 488 Banta. William Stickles, 363 Barber, Robert L., 464 Barkalow, Daniel, 5 John Swartwout, 5 Barrel!, Harry F., 507 Barrett, (Jeorge, 558 Halsey M., 5 Michael T., 6 Barrows, Walter A., 211 Bartine, John Dodd, 437 Bartles, Charles, 426 Bartlett. Frank, 496 Barton, Horatio N., 7 Bayard, Samuel John, 405 Beam, John Rogers, 251 Beasley, Chauncey Haven, 249 Beckman, John Woodliull, 7 Bedle, jr., Joseph D., 444 Thomas Francis, 138 Beecher, Joseph A., 517 Beekman, (ieorgc Crawford, \'>'2 Henry M. T., 192 Belcher, William H., 7 Beldou, Samuel White, 421 Belfatto, Ernest V. A., 155 Benjamin, Edward Wade, 113 Bennett, Charles A., 132 Benny, Allan, 554 James, 553 coo INDEX. lUnlhall. William W.. 'J«r. Hcnlky, Peter. .'»7rt Itentlv. I'ctci, '.\M jr.. IVter. :W:t Hcrault. \Vheali>n. 7 Mcnlaii. Cnriiflius VV.. 211 Bergen. Christopher A., tITS Frank. 185 ianies J.. iJir) .lartin V«K>rhees. 277 Samuel D., 471) I'.iiry. (Jarret, 4">1 Hcsson, John Case. S Samuel Austin, 10 Hewkes. jr., Henry. 211 Hi)^c!o\v. Samuel Fowler, 12 Hillcr. CeorKc, lUH I'.ir.l. John T.. 5S:5 I'.isscll. lohn W.. 1:M) lilack. Charles C. 131 Edward Sanderson, 114 Blair, John A., 14S Blake. John L., 284 I'.lauvclt. Jacob H.. 248 I'.kaklev, Fdwin ; Capen, Bernard S., 511 Carev, Robert, 137 William II.. 180 Carmichael, Isaac W..299 Carney, David D., 150 Carpenter, James Hopkins, 15 Thomas Preston, 15 Carrick, Charles Lynn. 135 Carrow. Howard, 441 Carson, William Henry, 16 Carton, James D., 504 Ca.ssedy, Cieorge W., 148 Samuel, 347 Casselman, William S., 404 Chambcrlin, I'rederick E., 10 Harlem (1., 17 Octavius P., 272 Chambers, Andrew A., 5N0 Benjamin 1'., 487 Charles Kemble, 17 Chetwood, I'rancis IV, 4:50 John Joseph. 451 Robert E., 375 William. 451 Child. Franci.s 588 Christie, Cornelius. 17 Clark. Alvah A., 17 Hiram C. 205 Cleaver, James I)., 507 Clevenger. William M., 18 Clynier, (ieorge Klwood, 40 Robert .Schenck, 238 Coddington. William A.. 18 Codington, William Reuben, 371 INDEX. 601 Coe, Aaron, 117 Ernest E., 116 Cole, Clarence L., 425 Coleman, Rutherford, 590 Colie, Edward Martin, 18 Collins, Gilbert, 170 Walter, 171 Conard, John Lefferts, 355 Condict, Henry V., 181 Walter Halsted, 3G6 Condil, Albert P., 498 Congar, Horace N., 455 Conkling, Edward Pavson, 459 James P., 213 Connet, John L. , 18 Connolly, James C, 19 Conover, James Clarence, 527 William Henry, 513 Cook, Charles E , 532 Edward. 432 Edward Grant, 327 Henry B., 498 Orestes, 590 Pierre P., 140 Cooper, Eugene J., 20 Howard M., 20 Samuel C, 279 William Daniel, 408 Corbin, Charles Lyon, 20 William Horace, 179 Corey, Ashbel Wheelock, 433 Cotter, William Andre, 546 Coult, Joseph, 189 Coulter, Charles C, 212 Coward, James M., 319 Joseph B., 21 Cowart, Samuel Craig, 21 Cowenhoven. Charles Tiebout, 187 Cowles, Elijah S. , 135 Crandall, John J , 463 Crane, Elvin Williamson, 158 Isaac Watts, 475 Cranstoun, William, 292 Crater, David Schenck, 297 Creveling, Wesley, 317 Cross, Joseph, 573 PhiHp W., 534 Crossley. William Joline, 317 Crouch, J. M., 346 Crouse, Otto, 22 Cudlipp, William Charles.^ 149 Gumming, William G., 487 Curley, Thomas P., 476 Cutler, Augustus W., 259 James J., 502 Willard Walker, 261 Cutter, Ephraim, 563 Daly, Peter Francis, 22 XXX Daly, William I)., 179 Davenport, Franklin, 462 Davis, Cliarles, Dr., 22 Thomas A., 435 William iM.. 23 Dawes, Aaron V., 590 Dawson, Henry Hollister, 154 Day, Edward Augustus. 125 William Foster, 125 William Truesdell, 126 Dayton, Aaron Ogdcn, 430 James B., 464 Rensselaer W., 452 William C. 464 William Lewis, 374 Deacon, William Budd. 367 De Baun, Abram, 23 De Coster, Atwood L., 128 Degnan, Janes Edward, 187 De Hart, John S., 360 William, Col., 428 Demarest, Benjamin Garrison, 124 Elmer Wilson, 23 Milton, 24 jr., Samuel R.. 24 De Meza, (ieorge Washington, 235 Dempsey, James A., 508 Denman, Arthur R., 156 Dennin, John A., 137 Dennis, Fergus Allen, 527 Depue, Sherrerd, 24 De Unger, Albert, 280 De Witt, Moses J., 24 Silas Wright, 454 De Yoe, Jacob Willard, 366 Dickerson, Philemon, 447 Dickinson, Asa Williams, 25 Philemon, 447 Samuel Meredith. 25 Dickson, Charles A., i24 Dilts, George A , 28'. Isaiah N., 454 Dix, Warren Rogers, 151 Dixon, Warren, 1S3 Dobbins, Edward L., 501 Harry A., 480 Walter E.. 25 Dodd, Amzi, US William S., 120 Doherty Richard, 534 Donnelly, Richard Graiil Augustus, 26 Dougherty, William M., 150 Douglass, H. Freeman, 290 Harry S., 307 jr., Joseph. 288 William P.. 27 Drake, Herbert Armitage, 306 Drayton, Albert I., 484 602 INDKX Dnirv, Aujfustus, liulden, 458 P •• *• • 1. ai8 ics. 4()U \).. .. ... ......1 Dickinson, .'il3 1 >tuninit. l<>hn I'., 4.'»7 I)uii};an. Nt'lson Young, 2H4 Dunn. Charles H., 587 Frank H.. 221 John T.. 27 Michael. 38 Diirand. Frank. 588 James 11.. 141 Diirling. Theodore D.. oSM Uiiryee, Kdward Henry, l-il (leorge Sharp, 130 Dutcher, Andrew, 447 Eherhard, Frederick N.. 480 Kdwards. William I)., 28 William Leslie. 514 Edwords, (liiy J.. i;{7 Ege, Augustus T.. 29 Ellieoit. Benjamin W., 1^75 Elmendorf, John C, 458 John K.. 458 Ely, Addison. 586 John J.. 29 Emerson, jr.. William II.. 128 Emery, John Runkle, 36G Emley. Eugene. 108 Endicott. Allen Brown. 248 Engelbrecht, Anthony. 580 English. James R., 29 John K.. 372 Nicholas Conover JoIjs. 30 Theodore C 358 Erwin. James S.. 148 Evans. Edward W.. 413 Ewald, Henry, 587 Ewing, Janes, 414 Fagen, Michael I.. 539 Fallon. John J.. 535 Feiek. Charles A., 514 Fennell. John Edward. 398 William P., 523 Field. James W. 373 ioseph Kissam, 3*3 Richard Stockton. 379 I'ielder. fJeorge Bragg. 239 James F.. 482 Fields, Houston, 289 Fischer. Jo.seph. 343 I'isher. John (J.. 142 Fisk. Wiilard Clinton. 142 Fitch, Charles F.. 426 Fithian. Alexander R., 584 Fiizherbert, Richard. 142 Flaack, (Jeorge W.. 367 jr.. C.eorge W.. 366 I'landcrs. Albert. 559 Howard. 559 Flemming. James. 549 Robert L., 551 Florance, William Edwin. 194 Fluck. Henrv A.. 30 i'ogg. En<.ch S. 585 I'orce. James M.. 585 Munson. 536 I'orman, William H.. 30 l-'orsyth (leorge W.. 525 Fort, (leorge !•'., 462 John Franklin. 286 John H.. 161 owler. William l\, 460 oy. Frank A., 345 ranklin. Henry L., 573 ranks. Joseph K., 545 rech, John A., 30 leeman, Wilberforce, 31 relinghuysen, Dumont, 31 l>ederick, 32 Frederick. 400 I'rederick. (Jen., 401 jr., Frederick, 403 Frederick T., 403 John 401 Theodore, 402 Theodore. 530 French. Thomas Ellis. 32 Frost, Bartlett C, 453 Fuller. Charles W.. Col., 173 Gaede, Henry A., 574 Gallagher. Josejih Douglas, 115 Galpin, Henry F.,580 Gangewer. Allen Herbert, 569 Garretsou, Abram (^)uick, 190 Joseph Cain, 488 Garrick, John. 150 Garrison. Lindlev Miller, 303 Gaskill. Joseph I'l., 385 Robert Stockton. 483 Gaston. Hugh K., 285 Hugh M.. 284 William Frederick, 230 Gebhardt. William C. 179 Gedney, Jerome D , 583 (lerber. John J.. 492 German, Scott, 497 Gibson. John S.. 103 Gifford. Archer. 433 Charles L. C, 486 Gilbert, George, 584 (ieorge W.. 476 Gilchrist. Robert. 339 INDEX. 603 Giles, James, 431 Gilhooly, Patrick H., 185 Gillmore, Edward D., 347 William B., 142 Gilmour, L. D. Howard. 158 Givens, John U., 429 Gledhill, Frank, 143 Henrv Wilson, 262 Glen, Charles T., 120 Goble, Luther Spencer, 514 Godfrey, Burrows C , 549 Carlton, 516 Goldenhorn, Isaac Faerber, 32 Gordon, James Adam, 291 Gourley, William B., 288 Graff, Francis B. , 195 Louis A., 195 Grandin, Egbert H., 447 Grant, Alexander, 509 Graves, Charles W., 496 Gray, Alexander, 462 Green, Ashbel, 488 Caleb Smith, 437 Charles Ewing, 498 Edward T., 455 Elmer Ewing, 33 Henry Woodbull, 226 James Sproat, 269 Robert Stockton, 376 Roberts., 378 Greenberg, Frederick J., 543 Greiner, Louis, 477 Grey, Martin Philip, 266 Norman, 278 Samuel H., 465 Grice, Horace Cox, 506 Griffin, John, 219 Griffith. William, 450 Grigg, Jerome B., 488 Griggs, James L., 272 John W. , 34 Grosvenor, George S., 576 Grover, Lewis C, 515 Stephen R.,433 Guerin, Claude V., 504 Guild, Frederick Frelinghuysen, 159 William B., 585 Gummere, Barker, 330 Charles Edward, 330 Samuel R., 330 William S., 266 Gurney, Charles B., 548 Gustin, Alpheus, 461 Hagaman, Lorenzo Dow, 444 William H., 489 Hageman, John Frelinghuysen, 450 jr., John Frelinghuysen, 489 Hahn, Henry, 34 Haight, Charles, 431 Haines, Jared, 191 Martin L., 4S3 Halfpenny, Charles H., 259 Hall, Thomas B.. 35 Halsey, Edmund Drake, 264 George Armstrong, 175 William, 435 Halsted, Job Stockton, 477 jr., Oliver, 488 William, 40(; Hamill, Hugh Henderson. 230 Hamilton, Morris Robeson, 35 Robert, 417 Samuel Randolph, 392 Hampton, George, 485 John (^iles, 461 Hancock, William S., 221 Hand, jr., Jonathan. 290 Morgan, 289 Hannum, Levi Taylor, 338 Hardenbergh, Lewis D., 347 Warren, 504 Hardin, John R., 36 Harding, John W., 187 Haring, Teunis A., 37 Harned, John Frederick, 557 Thomas Biggs, 328 Harris, Charles E., 582 Elwood C..128 Frederick H., 545 Henry Schenck, 303 Nicholas, 576 Harrison, Josiah, 502 Hart, Reuben M , 367 Hartshorne, Acton Civil, 529 Charles Hopkins, 147 William, 484 Harvey, Charles. 531 Cornelius Burnham. 210 Daniel B., 517 jr., David, 505 Hawkins, John F., 573 Hayes, David Abbott, 433 Howard Wortley, 37 Hayhurst, Walter Foowood. 331 Hays, James Eyre, 330 Hazeltine, Addison H., 496 Headley, Will C, 38 Heck, John W., 38 Heisley, Wilbur A., 573 Heller, Reuben Arthur, 460 Hendrick-son, Charles Elvin. 337 Jacob C. 358 Hennion. Charles D., 113 Henry, Thomas Sodden, 355 Hei^iJenheinier, William C, 136 CM INDKX. Icrbert. Charles B.. KU jr.. !'-hn Warn. 50:{ lerr. i IM U r.i lerriiiv;. \> ;:.i.iin C, :J9 Ictiicltl, Wulter Levi. ',i2l Itt/cl. David H.. 5:17 lewiit. (it'orKe Henry, 510 I ' ;i K. R.. 4«1 1 iekT..25« i .iril Waldroii. Um Iiv;l^c.. i::KK;h A., 30 ''VCK'""^' Ivdward Fayson, 55J8 lildreth, James M. E., 2«(» PeniiiiiKlon T.. 289 I ill. Charles K.. HT.i Charles F.. :17:{ lilliard, William Thtmias. 414 lillman, « leorge M.. 484 lilton. « leorye S., 39 liUycr. KdwardT., 449 linchman, Joseph, 482 liiikli;. Simon Cameron, 537 loayjland. Irving, 210 lames Romevn, 335 |..l.'.i!t. Crarret A., 2r)2 l-Klge. Frederick H., 497 loflman, Samuel l>., 291 Theodore J., 42G Williams.. 280 Holt. William. :M3 Woodbur\- D.. 573 Hommann. Charles Chauncey. 527 Honeyman, A. Van Doran, 494 Hood. Charles, 544 Ixjuis, 248 Hope, Frederick Walter, 57G Hopr>er, John 40 Robert I.. 143 Horner. John Githens, 307 Horton, S'athan Clarence, 205 Ray ton E.. 40 Ilotiston, William C. 392 1 1-. ward. Rensselaer C, 182 William 43 llMWf, William Read, 285 Howtll, James Kdward, 43 John G.. 573 Lambert L., 572 Richard. 378 Hoxsev. Thomas D., 47(5 Hubbi" '• -n Sidney, 519 G. ..tt, 131 '■ :i, 132 II t S . u:5 H \..r.\ Il.iiiii.an. Jwiiu H.. 57!t HiiKK. Alfred, 350 Hughes, Charles B., 578 Hulsc, Samuel Vaughan, 157 Ilulsizer, Abraham Chalmers. 271 Humphreys, J<.hii B., 230 Hunt, Henry C, 572 Hollowav W.,375 Isaac 1..,' 183 Huston, Henry, 325 Hulchinst)!!, Barton Belangee, 44 John 1'., 344 Maulon, 343 Robert C, 4«0 Symmes B., 44 Hyres, William, 195 Ingersoll, Robert H.. 291 Ingluim, George Trenchard, 45 luslev, ICarlc, 147 Irede'll, Samuel, 432 Ivins, Charles Henry, 45 Inwright, John C, 137 Jackson, Edward Woolsey. 46 John H., 321 John P., 434 jr., John I'., 4 76 Percy, 512 Schuyler B.. 505 Jaeger, Albert F.,259 James, Thomas D., 449 Thomas W., 342 JelTers, William N., 425 Jeffery, Oscar, 467 Jenkins, George Walker, 368 Richard Stockton. 489 Wilson Hayward. 46 Jessup, John Samuel, 420 Johnson, Frederick T. , 133 John Lawrence, 530 Robert T., 485 Samuel, 205 Thomas Potts, 390 Whittield Schallaer, 310 W^illiani Mindrcd, 311 William Young, 349 Johnston, Aaron l^zekiel. 313 Joline Charles Van Dyke, 282 John Forsyth. 282' Jones. Asa, 271 Satnuel Howell, 548 Joy, I'ydmund L. , 215 Edmund Steele, 217 Joyce, John Jay, 156 Kalisch, Abner, 47 Leonard, lll3 Samuel, 539 Kat^ceubach, jr., Frank S., 47 INDEX. 005 Kay. jr., David, 513 Kays, Thomas, 198 Thomas M., 460 Kean, John, 518 Kearns, William J.. 495 Keasbey, Anthony Ouinton, 564 Edward Quinton, 568 George MaccuUoch, 568 Keen, Oscar, 501 Keer, Ernest Ferdinand, 48 Keller, John Lawrence, 148 Kellev, Thomas H., 48 Kelly', Timothy Mansfield, 48 Kenny, Edward, 103 Kerr, John Francis, 48 Kiernan, Jeremiah A., 358 King, Charles M., 223 Elmer, 49 Kingman, Frederick, 448 Kingsley, George Pliny, 281 Philip, 280 Kinney, WilHam Burnet, 510 Kip, Walter, 49 Kirch, John P. D., 319 Kirkpatrick, Andrew, 219 Kitchel, Newton S., 209 Khne, James A., 572 KUnk, William M., 180 Knapp, Manning M., 406 Knight, Herbert William, 115 Walter John, 130 Knowles, Francis Wallace, 104 Koester, Ernest, 186 Kraft. William J., 49 Kuhl, Richard S., 571 Kyte, George, 195 Lambert, George H., 497 Landis, jr., Charles Kline, 485 Lane, Martin W., 50. Lanning, Isaac W., 437 John E., 579 William M. , 50 Large, George H., 571 Lawrence, Robert Linn, 163 RulifV.,50 Leake, Samuel, 429 Leary, Elwood S., 114 Learning, Jacob Spicer, 51 Lee, Benjamin F., 352 Francis Bazley, 51 Lentz, Carl, 547 Leonard, Clement De R., 515 William J., 291 Levis, Franklin B., 209 Lewis^ Edwin A. S., 52 ITenrv Watson, 53 Randall B., 481 Lewis, Vivian M., 481 William Allen, 202 William Henry, 571 William I., 145 Lighthipe, Charles Francis. 540 Lilly, John, 53 Samuel, 276 Lindabury, Richard Vliet, 53 Lindsay. Gilbert R.. 490 Lindsley, Walter Personette. 511 Linn, Clarence, 5G9 John. 144 Lintott, Thomas J., 104 Lippincott, Job H., 218 William D., 280 Littell, John Dunn, 348 Little, Henry Stafford, 302 Theodore, 361 Livingston, William, 431 Logue, William A.. 293 Long, William H.. 271 Longstreet, Edwin Pierce, 516 Loos, Nevin John, 316 Lott, Charles A.. 569 Loveridge, Edgar H., 480 Low, George Clark, 292 Lowden, John J., 183 Lowthorp, Francis Cowlyn, 394 Lowy, Philip, 170 Luce, Edward J., 570 William, 426 Ludlow, George Craig, 531 Lum, Charles Mandred, 134 Frederick Harvey, 154 Lupton, Leslie, 208 Lyon. Adrian, 54 Walter M., 571 Lyons, James Harvey, 350 Lytle, Thomas G, 448 William H., 571 McAdoo, William, 563 McCarter, Ludlow, 492 Robert Harris, 159 Thomas Nesbitt. 122 jr., Thomas Nesbitt, 116 McClelland, Richard I).. 350 McClure, William K. , 564 McCormick, Thomas Francis, 54 McCracken, John H., 510 McCrea, David, 481 McCreery, Joseph A.. 54 McDermit, Frank M., 459 McDermott, Allan Langdon, 54 Frank Pierce, 55 Joseph, 293 McDonald, John C. 126 William K., 434 600 INDKX. MiKvvati. (leor^c John. 1*17 jr., Thonias. HW Mc(itc, Flavcl. 393 Mcr.iU. Alexnn.k-r T.. :»:IU M.(;.iwn, I..hn AIlRTt. 117 McCi.ith. j..liii A., :M1 NkKtf. \\.....l. :.«5 McKrmin, Thomas P.. ."jlT* .\|. At ,-,•.. !,.!,:, St. vcnson. 1«',' M Ltn I'crriiie. i'M M ■ '-.' M 1 ScoU. 4J»7 M > Francis I... 4»2 M;u..cv. William M.. 4'i7 Ma.Lf'ar. Makolm. VHt M (icorj^ju W.. 57 M Ho\varcrt Clark, 293 Lewis J , 20.S Mallack. Micajah Ellis. 27'.» Matlock, Learning, 274 Robert K.. 4«() Maxsr)n. Edward E., 130 Maxwell, John Paterson Hryan, 455 Mcciim. Charles. 501 Meehan, James J.. 285 Meeker, sr., John H., 159 John H.. 100 Meeteer, Frank Churchman. 282 Mtl..sh, Henry J.. 140 Merritt Charles Ewan. 213 Ewan, 243 Middleton, Thomas Woodward. 294 Timothy J.. 4fM> ,Midli^'e. William I'.. 147 Miller, jr., Albert Oscar. 483 Archer C... 449 Jacob W.. 429 James S. , 404 Ioljn Anderson, 547 onathan I)ickenson. 349 .ouis FI.. 295 Richard Thompson. 410 William M..432 Mills. Alfred, 579 Alfrerl Elmer. 203 Mititi.n. Cfuv. J7!I MiDturn. James I"., 231 Mitchell. John ('.., 502 John S.. 502 MolTett. Charles L., 58 MoUeson. (Jeorge P., 432 Moiiteith, John. 544 .M"ir;.;iimerv, John A.. 315 M.K.ie. Edward C. 207 Henry C. 543 James, 402 Thomas Martin. 58 William. 275 Morj^an, Joseph Willard. 353 Moriarty. Richard Martholomew. 479 Morris. Benjamin P. 502 Staiits Smith. 477 William Ciillcn. 349 Morrow, Elias F.. 59 John McC, 543 jr.. Sanniel. 4N9 William H.. 424 Mott. Wilbur Ashlev. 545 Muir, Edward A.. 490 G. Auj.justus. 4M5 Muirheid. William. 489 Munn. Josci>h Lewis, 127 Murphv, Clarence Lojjan. 329 Holmes W.. 59 James J.. 539 Myers. Charles M., 509 Naas, Samuel (1., 5(i2 Naundorff, Oscar, 501 Neij^hbour, James Hance, 538 Nel.sl>ertson, James, 440 RolK'son. Gcor^'e M., 283 lames M., 42« William renn, 417 R.xler. I'aul William. 485 Ri>v, Charles J.. 73 koj^ers, Henry. 43(5 James H., 74 Rollin.son, Simeon H.. 542 Romainc, Isaac, 187 Roseberrv. Joseph Mackey. 357 K " ' ■■ 1 T.. 74 k Maximilian Theodcirc. 47'.t k. Martin. 3G2 Rosinger. August W.. 113 Rowe. Linsly. 75 Norman Leslie, 181 Rue, A. Judson. 5(31 Runyon, Charles H.. 190 fcnos Weisner. 332 (leorge G.. 186 Henry Chase. 329 Nels'jn, 75 ThecKlore. 308 Theodore 1.. 128 kiisling, James F., Gen., 100 kiiss. Edward. 217 Rust, (ieorge Philip, 75 Rutherford, John. 381 Ryan. William R.. 373 Rverson. I)avid Austen. 535 Ryle. Peter. 493 St. Lawrence. William J., 480 Salmon. A. B. C . 496 Joshua S.. 41H RoJjert !>.. 197 Samuels, H^nrv K . 212 S. • • ■ F., 453 S :!1» S ..V... .^ . Ju7 P. . 207 ha lijjple (,)wen. 575 Sayre. AraraG.. 868 Scales. Timothy F.. 540 Scharringhausen. Frederick, 407 Schenck, Abraham V., 70 Louis HulT. 101 Samuel Mount, ll»H Warren RcdclilTe, 197 Schniflfncr, ICmil. 449 Schomp, John, 437 Schullz, Irwin William. 501 Schuman. C. G. A.. 140 Scott. Francis. 70 Josej)h Warren, 501 Lewis W., 559 William W.. 207 Scovel, Alden Cortlandt, 420 Henry S., 403 James M., 403 Philips.. 402 Scudder. George I)., 559 Hervey C, 77 Isaac Williamson. 312 Wallace Mcllvaine. 342 See. William G. C, 182 Seeley. Elias P., 430 Seguine, Ezra K., 152 Scmple, John L. , 77 Sergeant. Jonathan iJickinson, 3S9 ' Lambert II.. 287 Seymour, Roderick Burt, 139 Shafer, Thomas H., 77 Shay. Allen R.. 263 Shepherd, Levi, 475 Sherman. Gordon Edward. 363 William P., 414 Sherrerd, Jr)hn Maxwell, 359 Samuel, 300 Shinn, Clifton C. , 77 Shipman. (George M., 78 Jehiel G., 78 .Shivers, Edgar, 459 Shreve, Benjamin Davis. 423 Benjamin Franklin Harwood, 2H() Caleb I)., 478 Sickler, Joseph T.. 401 Silvers, Charles J., 511 Silzer, (ieorge S. , 206 Simonson, Theod(ire. 234 Simonton, jr., Thomas C, 479 Simpson. Ora C, 80 Sims. Clifford Stanley. 322 Sinnicksf)n, Andrew. 559 Clement Hall. 222 J. Forman, 558 Sitgreaves. Charles, 427 Skelly, John Christopher, 541 Skillman, Charles A., 81 C. Hervev, 27(» Skinner, Alfred F., 513 f' INDEX. 609 Skinner, William Erskine, 82 Skirm, W. H., 356 Slaight, Nathaniel Cowperthwaite, 340 Slape, Albert H., 538 Sloan, Jeremiah H., 461 Slockbower, A. Watson, 556 Slocum, John W. , 556 Smith, Abel I., 241 Ford U., 301 Richard M. J., 526 Sylvester C; 246 Waldo Bradford, 127 William M., 245 Smythe, Warne, 557 Snover, David Read, 478 Snyder, Charles Roberts, 503 jr., Henry M., 82 . vSooy, Mark R., 482 Southard, William B., 197 Sparks, Samuel W., 457 Speer, jr.. William H., 182 Spencer, William Chetwood, 82 Spohr, John Richard, 206 Stagg, Peter W. , 554 Starr, Lewis, 83 Steele, William V., 285 Steen, James, 555 Stein, Alfred A., 223 Stephany, August, 466 Robert E., 270 Stetson, Horace, 480 Stevens, Alfred F., 509 Frederic William, 584 N. Henry, 484 Richard, 135 Stevenson, Charles R., 281 Eugene, 84 Stewart, Jacob Steinman, 247 James Fleming, 223 John H., 447 Stille, John, 555 Stillman, William Maxson, 255 Stillwell, Peter, 84 Stockton, Bayard, 84 John Potter, 228 Lucius Horatio, 381 Richard, 474 Robert Field, 229 Stokes, Edward Ansley, 337 Stone, J. Henry, 428 Storrs, Charles B., 554 Stout, Herbert. 556 R. Ten Broeck, 554' Wesley B. , 554 Stoutenburgh, James Emmet, 493 Stratton, Charles P., 446 John Leak Newbold, 532 Morris Hancock, 296 Strong, Alan Hartwell, 253 Theodore, 197 Wood bridge. 396 Struble, Alpheus, 501 Stryker, William Alien, 249 William S., 85 Stryon, IHysses G., 460 Stuhr, William Sebastian, 499 Summerill, Joseph J., 558 Suydam, Henry C, 236 Swackhamer, Austin H., 443 Samuel S., 327 Swayze Francis J., 86 John Lawrence, 206 Swift, Charles Addison, 87 Sykes, John, 87 Talcott, William, 345 Taylor, Amzi Dodd, 301 Henry Burnett, 301 Isaac Stuart, 139 John W., 300 L. I)e Witt, 230 Marcus Bloomiield, 400 Marmaduke B., 462 Teese, Frederick Halsled, 507 Ten Eyck, Jay, 509 John Conover, 425 Tennant, George G., 87 Terhune, Henry Stafford, 297 Howard D., 186 William L., 296 Thompson. Charles Dederer, 87 David, 320 Joseph, 560 Joshua S., 436 Richard P., 425 Thorn, Charles E. S., 516 Throckmorton, Edmund M., 88 Williams., 494 Tichenor, Francis M., 440 Isaac, 427 Titsworth, Caleb S., 422 Titus, George M.,512 Toflfey, John J., 145 Traphagen, Henry, 136 Trenchard, Thomas Whitaker, 299 Trimble, James McNiel, 456 Troth, J. Eugene, 475 Tru.sdell, John (J., 88 Tuller, Royal P., 572 'J'unison, Harmon P., 252 Tuttle, (ieorge F., 509 Hobart, 362 Joseph Nathaniel, 128 Socrates, 361 Vail, Benjamin Augustus, 282 CIO INDKX. Valentine. Caleb H., 425 Van Arsdale, sr. . I'lia^. I:M jr.. Klias. 4-1^ Jacob. 44» Robert. 44N Van IMari-otn, Lewis, 271 V.i Do Witt. 1S5 V.i .imcs Henry. 89 p.r.r. ... -iM Van'Cleve. Frank. '2:\H Vanderbilt. (ieorge O.. 3U4 Van (ler Veer, < Ieorge V.. 90 Van Dike, John S., .'i.'iS Van Doren. I'. Albert Voorhecs, 24(» Van Dyke, John M.. 5.54 Van Fleet. Abraham Van Doren. 30!) Van (lelder. George \V., 551 Van Gie-son. Austin. 5'.M» Van Horn. Abraham. 149 Van Hovenberg, Alfred Andrew, 552 Robert K , 4i<2 \*annatta. Jacob. 4H() Van Rensselaer, Stephen Van Cortlandt. 494 Van Syckel. Hennut. 90 Chester. 90 James L..:{00 Van Valcn, James M.. 227 Van Winkle. John H.. 90 Marshall, IHI Vliet. Joseph, 453 Voight. Frank. 508 Voorhees, Daniel S., 541 Frederick, 457 Frederick N.. 308 Foster M.. 252 Harrison Hyrcs. 91 John N.. 91 Jf>hn Schenck. 408 John Vred. 459 I'eter L . Ill Peter Van. 3SM» Willard I'enfield. 395 V«x»rhis. Charles Henry. 91 Vredenburgh, James H., 130 jr.. La Rue, 274 William H..458 Vrcelan